D 639 ________________^^ .W7 C35 Copy 1 REPORT Women's Committee of the State Council of Defense of California From June 1, 1917 to January 1, 1919 REPORT Women's Committee of the State Council of Defense of California to Governor William D. Stephens Chairman of the State Council of Defense of CaHfornia From June 1, 1917 to January 1, 1919 Headquarters 719 SOUTH HILL STREET LOS ANGELES llb'59 \ji^(ld5 INDEX Organization — page Executive (Committee 4 Central Committee 4 County Committees 6 Representatives of Women's Com. on County Divisions 27 History of 32 Financial Report 39 Reports of Department Chairmen- Americanization 40 Children 's Year 43 Pklucation 46 Educational Propaganda 51 Food Administration 53 Girl's War Service 57 Health and Recreation 59 Home Economics 61 Information and Library Service 64 Liberty Loan 68 l\laintenance of p]xisting Social Agencies 70 Publicity 75 Women in Industry 77 County Work 80 Reports 81 State Organizations composing Central Committee, Reports of. . .178 Resolutions 209 National Reconstruction Suggestions 220 Program of Reconstruction 222 '^. Of D. ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE THPJ PRESIDP]NT OF THE UNITED STATES COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE Composed of the Secretaries of War, Navy, Interior, Agrienltnre, Commerce and Labor, and an Advisory Commission. WOMAN'S COMMITTEE, COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE Dr. Anna Howard Shaw, Chairman. Washington, D. C. WOMAN'S COMMITTEE STATE COUNCIL OF DEFENSE OF CALIFORNIA Organized May 28th, 1917. IMrs. Herbert A. Cable, Chairman. Advisory Committee, Central Committee, 5fi County Chairmen. 35 State Organizations. 782 City, Town and District Committees. WOMEN'S COMMITTEE STATE COUNCIL OF DEFENSE OF CALIFORNIA ORGANIZATION EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Honorary Chairman Mrs. Frank A. Gibson, Los Angeles Chairman Mrs. Herbert A. Cable, Los Angeles Vice-Chairman Mrs. Robert 0. Moody, Berkeley Vice-Chairman Mrs. J. F. Sartori, Los Angeles Vice-Chairman Mrs. Edward F. Glaser, San Francisco Vice-Chairman Mrs. F. T. Robson, Berkeley Vice-Chairman-at-large Mrs. Robt. J. Burdette, Pasadena INTember Women's Committee National Council of Defense.... Mrs. Josiah Evans Cowles, Los Angeles Member of State Council of Defense Mrs. Shelley Tolhurst, Los Angeles Member of State Council of Defense. . .Miss Ethel Moore, Oakland Secretary Mrs. Seward A. Simons, S. Pasadena Assistant Secretary. . .Mrs. Frances M. Carlton-Harmon, Los Angeles Assistant Secretary Miss Anne M. Mumford, S. Pasadena The Executive Committee also includes the following Depart- ment Chairmen: Americanization Mrs. Frank A. Gibson, Los Angeles Pood Administration and Registration Mrs. Robt. J. Burdette, Pasadena Women in Industry Mrs. Katharine P. Edson, Los Angeles Children's Year Dr. Adelaide Brown, San Francisco Maintenance of Existing Social Agencies Mrs. Carrie P. Bryant, Los Angeles Health and Recreation Miss Julia George, San Francisco Educational Propaganda. .Mrs. Mila Tupper Maynard, Los Angeles Liberty Loan Mrs. E. R. Brainerd, Los Angeles Red Cross Mrs. A. L. McLeish, San Francisco PnbVc'tv i ''^^^^' ^^'^^'^^ ^- Simons, S. Pasadena - } Miss Annie M. Mumford, S. Pasadena Information and Library Service Mrs. Frances M. Carlton-Harmon, Los Angeles Girls' Patriotic Service Miss Harriet Robbins, Los Angeles Education Mrs. 0. Shepard Barnum, Alhambra Home Economics Miss Charlotte Ebbetts, San Francisco CENTRAI, COMATITTEE Organizatioi\ Presiden t Alliance of Unitarian and other Liberal Christian Women Mrs. L. N. Wyckoff, Berkeley Association of Collegiate Alumnae Mrs. F. C. Turner, Oakland Belgian Relief Committee. . .Mrs. Willoughby Rodman, Los Angeles Organization President California Civic League Miss Marion Delaney, San Ftancisco (California Federation of School Women's Clubs Miss Margaret Burke, San Francisco California Federation of Women's Clubs Mrs. Herbert A. Cable, Los Angeles California Nurses' Association Mrs. Louis Groth, Santa Clara California State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs Mrs. Hettie B. Tilghman, Oakland Cam.pfire Girls Mrs. Esther Schneider, Berkeley Catholic Ladies' Aid Society. . . .Mrs. Jos. Gabriel Kearney, Alameda Congress of Mothers and Parent- Teachers' Associations Dr. Jessie Russell, Glendale Daughters of the American Revolution. Mrs. C. C. Cottle, Los Angeles Daughters of the Confederacy Mrs. C. C. Clay, Oakland Home Economics Association. Miss Gertrude D. Graham, Los Angeles International Federation of Catholic Alumnae Miss Mary Malloy, San Francisco Jewish Council of Women IMrs. M. C. Sloss, San Francisco Ladies of the Maccabees Miss Alice Church, Los Angeles National League for Women's Service Mrs. Duncan McDuffie, San Francisco National Society of Daughters of Founders and Patriots of America Mrs. Helen Crittenden Irvine, Berkeley National Society IJ. S. Daughters of 1812. Mrs. R. G. Rhodes, Los Angeles National Women's Trade Union League Mrs. Frances Noel, Los Angeles Native Daughters of the Golden West. Mrs. Addie L. Mosher, Oakland Needlework Guild of America. Mrs. E. Boyle Workman, Los Angeles Northern Women's Christian Temperance Union Mrs. Sarah J. Door, San Francisco Pacific Coast Division of the Federal Reserve Mrs. A. L, Baldwin, San Francisco Patriotic Mothers of Sons in Service. Mrs. Ralph Criswell, Los Angeles Southern Women's Christian Temperance Union Mrs. Stella B. Irvine, Riverside State Federation of Musical Clubs Mrs. Bessie Bartlett Frankel, Los Angeles State League of Nursing Education Mrs. Mitchell, Los Angeles Woman's National Farm and Garden Association Mrs. IMyrtle Shepherd Francis, Ventura Woman's Relief Corps Mrs. Carrie L, Hoyt, Berkeley Woman's Auxiliary of the Fraternal Brotherhood Mrs, H. V. Davis, Los Angeles Women's Legislative Council of California Mrs. A. E. Carter, Oakland Young Ladies' IMutuiil Improvement Association Miss Cora Hawley, Los Angeles Young Women's Christian Assn. Mrs. lawrence Draper, San Francisco ADVISORY COMMITTEE, COMPOSED OF COUNTY CHAIRMEN (BOUNTY CHAIRM-'USr 1. Alameda Mrs. Frederick C. Turner, Oakland 7 Town Units: Oakland Miss Ethel Moore Berkeley Mrs. L. A. Hicks Alameda ^Irs. Henry Rosenthal San Lorenzo Miss Mary Olsen Hayward Miss Ruth Kimball Pleasanton Mrs. Claude Smallwood Livermore Mrs. H. S. Goodell 1 Township l^nit : Washington Township Mrs. J. E. Thane 2. Alpine Mrs. Fred Bruns, Sheridan, Nevada 3. Amador Mrs. M. E. Tucker, Sutter Creek 1 City Unit : Amador Mrs. Arthur Palmer 5 District Units : Jackson Ml-s. J. A. Piccardo Sutter Creelc Mrs. S. M. Darrow lone Mrs. Mayme Prouty Plymouth Mrs. S. Boneau Drytown Mrs. Jessie H. Robbins 4. Butte Mrs. 0. W. March, Chico 5 Town Units : Oroville Mrs. J. G. Henderson Biggs Mrs. J. A. Harvey Gridley Mrs. Baltimore Sterling City Mrs. Dora Jamieson Chico Miss Alice Crum 5. Calaveras Mrs. Alice Halley, San Andreas 6. Colttsa Mrs. C. 0. Jordan, Colusa 6 Town Units : Williams Mrs. S. S. Eakle Colusa Mrs. C. 0. Poage Princeton Mrs. F. M. Porter Arbuckle Mrs. H. C. Tolson Maxwell Mrs. George L. Hardin Grimes IMrs. PI. L. Houchins 7 Small Town T^nits : Sycamore Mrs. J. E. Lachreiter Seesville Mrs. W. W. Boardman Sites Mrs. R. 0. Prime Stonyford Mrs. F. Gobel College City Mrs. J. E. Cain Venado Mrs. F. Thuckman Wilbur Springs Mrs. S. Smith COUNTY CHAIRMAN 7. Contra Costa Mrs. H. J. Curry, Martinoz 36 Town ITnifs : Antioeli Mrs. Herbert A, West Alamo Miss Ida Hall Bay Point Mrs. J. B. Higgins Brentwood Mrs. I. Bailey Byron Mrs. Harry Hammond Clayton Mrs. Harry Keller Concord Mrs. Geo. McKenzie Cowell Mrs. John Matherson Crocket Mrs. Edith Powers Danville Miss Laura Flourney Diablo Mrs. R. N. Burgess El Cerrito Mrs. Butterfield Giant Mrs. H. H. Williams Hercules Miss Annie Ellerhorst Jersey Miss Agnes Cox Knightsen Mrs. Henry Heidorn Lafayette Mrs. McNeill Martinez Mrs. J. J. Anderson Morgan Territory Miss Ellen Riley Nichols Mrs. Richard Dow Oakley Mrs. Marie 'Hara Oleum Mrs. Edward Olson Pacheco Miss Annie Loucks Pinole Mrs. Zella Buckley Point of Timber Mrs. C. W. Lent Port Costa Mrs. Harry Williams Pittsburg Mrs. E. G. Peppin Richmond Mrs. Catherine Smith Rodeo Mrs. Lucy Pray San Pablo Mrs. Mary C. Lucey San Ramon Mrs. N. S. Boone Selby Mrs. Earl Laumeister Stege Miss Dohrmann Tormey Miss Verda Tormey Valona Mrs. John Meaney Walnut Creek Mrs. C. R. Leech 8. Del Norte Mrs. James McNulty, Crescent City 9. Ei, Dorado Mrs. L. J. Dermody, Placerville 4 Local Units: Placerville Mrs. William Hood Coloma Miss Annie Thomas Georgetown Mrs. Margaret Murdock Mosquito Mrs. Jos. Swansborough 35 Precinct Units : 7 COUNTY CHAIRMAN 9. El Dorado — Conid. Blairs "• Mrs. Mary Carlson Caldor Mrs. Chas. Duft' Clarksville Mrs. Fred Dixon Diamond Springs Mrs. Clara Lovejoy El Dorado Mrs. Emma F. Askew Fairplay Mrs. Hattie E. Croft Garden Valley Miss Annie L. Thorson Georgetown Mrs. Margaret Murdoek Gold lliil iMiss Mae A. Verkanip Greenwood Mrs. Maude E. Davis Grizzly Flats -Mrs. Frank IMcAlfee Hanks P]x(;liange Mrs. Lela R. Dean Indian Diggings Mrs. Ellen Lalor Lake Valley Mrs. Camilla Cilio Latrobe Mrs, R. L. Dodsou Mountain Mrs. Genie Nyberg Nashville Mrs. Carrie Heald Newtown Mrs. Joseph Snow Placerville Mrs. Emma Hood Pilot Hill Mrs. Louise Esper Pleasant Valley JMrs. May Bundy Shingle Springs Mrs. Estelle Bullard Sly Park Mrs. Mary Stark Smiths Flat Mrs. Jessie B. Lyon Somerset Mrs. Frank Smith Wings Store Mrs. Wm. Carpenter Moores Mrs. Estelle Poole Mountain (i)uarries Mrs. Hattie Flint Cool Mrs. Louise Esper Coloma ^Irs. Annie M. Thole Mosquito Airs. Jos. Swansborough Ankum Mrs. Geo. Higbee Negro Hill Mrs. Edna Darlington Salmon Fails Miss Elma Johnson Kelsey Miss M. Kelley 10. Fresno Mrs. E. A. Williams, Fresno 10 Town Units: Laton Mrs. A. G. Smith Clovis Mrs. M. S. McMurtry Parlier Mrs. Carl Drew Kingsburg Dr. Flora Smith Coalinga Mrs. S. H. Hain Fowler Mrs. C. Neel Sanger Mrs. W. ]\I. Barr Reedley Dr. Lucy Whitney Selma." -Mrs. Wm. Matlock Del Rey Mrs. Lynch 8 COITNTY " CHAIRMAN 11 . Glenn Mrs. C. L. Donohoe, Willows 3 City Units: Willows Mrs. C. L. Donohoe Orjand Mrs. W. E. Seearce Germantown Mrs. Earl Beardon 10 District Units: Artois Mrs. Earl Beordon Hamilton City Mrs. 0. Kibhy Biitte City Mrs. E. Burke Orel Mrs. T. L. Garrison Glenn. Mrs. F. A. Crook Codora Mrs. P. B. Weller Newville Mrs. James Cushman Elk Creek Mrs. Jim Lncas Bayliss Mrs. Henry Giller Jacinto Mrs. Martha Brown 12. Humboldt Mrs. Eva L. Ricks, Eureka 25 District Units: Eureka Mrs. Eva L. Ricks Areata Mrs. Rali^h Bull Alton Mrs. M. G. Dmsmore Blue Lake Mrs. H. A. Barber Blacksburg Mrs. D. Prior Bridgeville Mrs. J. McClellan Carlotta ■ Mrs. R. P. Fisher Ferndale Mrs. S. Y. Morrison Fort Seward Mrs. F. H. Holmke Garberville Mrs. Margaret Tubm Hydesville Mrs. Francis Cuddeback Hoopa Mrs. Wm. Bresler Hawkins Bar Mrs. J. Patterson Metropolitan Mrs. T. G. Atkinson Rohnerville Mrs. Wm. M. Fuller Samoa Mrs. G. W. Fenwick Scotia Mrs. E. L. Cottrell "Rio Dell Mrs. J. C. Worthington Willow Creek Mrs. A. M. Synnes Burnt Ranch Mrs. Brouse Brizard Etterberg Miss Anne Etter Petrola Mrs. Thomas Johnson Miranda Mrs. Mercer Upper Mattole Mrs. W. T. S. Hadley Loleta Mrs. Walter Dickson 9 COUNTY CHAIRMAN 13. Imperial IMrs. Violette S. Campbell, El Centro 6 City Units: El Centro Mrs. F. B. Fuller Calipatria Mrs. L. P. Phillips Brawley Mrs. H. L. Fulton Imperial Mrs. Oscar Sweeney Holtville Mrs. Warren Currier Calexico Mrs. William Lorenz 14. Inyo Mrs. Bertrand Rhine, Bishop 5 Town Units : Bishop Mrs. Frank Butler Big Pine Mrs. Nettie G. Webb Independence Mrs. Harry Glasscock Lone Pine Mrs. E. W. Edwards Keeler Mrs. J. D. LeAvis 15. Kern Mrs. L. P. Guiberson, Taft 5 City Units: Bakersfleld Mrs. Grace Sykes Taft Mrs. J. King Maricopa Mi's. V. D. Black McKittrick l\Irs. J. R. Ramsey Mojave Mrs. G. W. Asper 10 District TTnits : Fellows ]\riss Eva Madill Tehachapi Mrs. E. 0. F. Reilley Delano ^frs. Emma Woosley W?sco ]\lrs. Tipton Mathews Oil Center Mrs. Frank E. Gist Rosedale Mrs. W. E. Renf ro Onyx Mrs. W. R. Rankin Walker's Basin Mrs. L. E. Rankin :\rcFarland Mrs. F. M. Calvert Shafter Mrs. Haydock 16. Kings Mrs. Hope Pyburn Johnson, Hardwick 39 School District TJnits: Aroma Mrs. Newport Reynolds Avenal Mrs. T. E. Orchard Corcoran Mrs. J. W. Lester Cross Creek ]\tiss Altha F. Fuller Dallas INTrs. Harry Morris Delta View Mrs. Sigrid Carlson Empire Miss Mary Ferra Eucalyptus Miss Agnes G. boherty Eureka Mrs. Sarah H. Payton Excelsior Mrs. H. G. Stridde 10 . . • . COUNTY CHAIRMAN 16. Kings— Co'«ifZ. Frazer IMrs. E. H. Howe Grangeville Mrs. Sarah Railsbach ITanford Mrs. H. R. Cousins Hardwick Mrs. A. R. Doggett Island Mrs. Alice E. Auble Jacobs Mrs. A. J. Lower King Mrs. Ruth Rourke Kings River Mrs. Jim Milligan Lake Mrs. F. A. Kurtz Lakeview Mrs. Anna Nance Lakeside Mrs. J. A. Romine Lemoore M'rs. Frank Stratton Lucerne Mrs. Clarence Shepard Mercedes IMrs. Fred Newton Mussel Slough Mrs. Roy Waltz New Home Mrs. J. S. Moyer Oakvale ^Irs. Alta Redenbaugh Paddock Mrs. Neva V, Howes River Bend Mrs. C. W. Trimmer Rustic Mrs. L. N. Sigler Ramona Miss Agnes Slight San Jose Miss Ruby James Stratford Mrs. C. H. Newton Sunset Mrs, W. R. Leswick Tensmuir Mrs. Maud Raymond Wayne Mrs. C, A, Vaughan Willow Grove Miss Florinda Giacomazzi Youd Mrs. A. F. Dodge Reefe Mrs. 0. H. Evans 17. Lake Mrs. Leonora May, Lakeport 5 District Units- Upper Lake Mrs. Ed. Sailor Kelsewille Mrs. Olsen Middletown. Mrs. Julia Fields Lower Lake Mrs. Minnie Noel Lakeport Mrs. Leonora E. May 18. Lassen Mrs. C. E. Emerson, Susanville 44 District Units- Amedee Mrs. Gail V. James Ash Valley Mrs. Carrie Stone Bieber Mrs. H. N. Carlisle Bird Flat Mrs. C. W. McQueen Bridgeport Mrs. Fannie Gunter Butte Mrs. Bertha Smith Caloreta Mrs. B. L. Taylor . U , COUNTY CHAIRMAN 18. Lassen — Ccmid. Center Mrs. S. E. Knight Oonstantia Mrs. I. M. Cole Cove Mrs. Belle Evans Dixie Vallev Mrs. Edith B. Whitney Dry Valley" Mrs. Mary N. Metcalf Fairview Mrs. Marie Caudle Fort Sage Mrs. Mary L. Hanley Hayden Hill Miss Grace Pinkerton Highland Mrs. H. R. Coffin Tloney Lake Mrs. Geo. M. Cain Janesville Mrs. Orlo Wemple Johnstonville Mrs. S. F. Bangham Juniper Mrs. A. W. McKenzie Lake Mrs. W. D. Wilbur Little Valley Mrs. Mary Gassaway Long Valley Mrs. A. J. Hall Madeline Mrs. J. H. Williams McDonald Peak Mrs. Minnie Whipple Milford Mrs. N. V. Wemple Missouri IMrs. Ed. Mulroney Oak Grove Mrs. Dave Raker Pine Grove Mrs. M. P. Woodin Lucerne Mrs. Edith Howard Glade Mrs Lizzie Cox Pitt River Mrs. Clara Vestal Poplar Mrs. Gus Stampfli Providence Mrs. Ben Bath Ravendale Mrs. Amy B. Edwards Richmond Miss Clarissa Emerson Riverside Mrs. Mart Wright Secret Valley Mrs. C. L. Adams Soldier Bridge Mrs. B. F. Gibson Standish Mrs. W. H. Fulton Susanville Mrs. C. E. Emerson Washington Mrs. C. A. Bean Westwood Mrs. Fred J. Davis Willow Creek Mrs. Mary Mumer 19. Los Angeles Mrs. J. P. Sartori, Los Angeles 45 Town Units : Los Angeles Mrs. J. T. Anderson El Monte Mrs. J. F. Parker Pasadena Mrs. ]\rarta Carr Artesia Mrs. Clarence Dougherty San Dimas Miss Emma Hawks Long Beach Mrs. J. D. Humiston Redondo Beach Mrs. Margaret Frick Burbank Mrs. Olive Mulvey 12 COUNTY CHAIRMAN 19. Los Angeles — Contd. Inglewood Mrs. Frank D. Parent Bellflowor Mrs. C. A. Thompson Santa Monica Mrs. J. C. Urquhart Sierra Madre Mrs. Harriett Wright Beverly Hills Mrs. Chas. F. Nelson Whittier Mrs. S. F. Willy Claremont Mrs. John S. Work Compton Mrs. Louis Morrison Eagle Rock Mrs. B. F. Herson Huntington Park Mrs. Carl Christensen Monterey Park Mrs. D. A. Judd South Pasadena Mrs. D. Z. Gardiner Hynes Mrs. J. E. Chalmers Glendale Mrs. Chas. H. Toll Covina Mrs. Wm. Nye Ocean Park Mrs. Charles Sheppman North Hollywood Mrs. James White Country Club Mrs. Margaret James Sherman Mrs. Chas. Powell San Gabriel Mrs. H. J. Risden Glendora Mrs. Horace Baker Norwalk Mrs. Newton Glazier Manhattan Beach Mrs. Geo. C. Martin Rivera Mrs. Sidney Beach Hermosa Beach Mrs. W. T. Bolton La Canada Mrs. Wm. T. Sellick Lankershim Mrs. J. W. Deupree Willowbrook Mrs. Belle B. Jenks Azusa Mrs. Thos. Knapp Newhall Mrs. Fred Kellogg Lamanda Park Mrs. S. P. Connell Monrovia Mrs. Chas. H. Anson Tropico Mrs. Wesley H. Bullis East Whittier Miss Retta Cook San Gabriel & Alhambra Mrs. J. W. Swanwick Verdugo Mrs. Phil H. Bernaye Venice Mrs. W. Y. Thornberg 20. Madera Mrs. L. A. Covel, Madera 5 Town Units : Chowchilla Miss Mayme Brother Fairmead Mrs. Pearl C. Hobbs Dairj^land Mrs. M. M. Dyer Raymond Miss Theresa Footman North Fork Miss Nettie James 12 Supervisorial Districts: 1. Mrs. J. P. Galeena. 2. M'rs. C. A, Clark. ^ , 13 COUNTY CHAIRMAN 20. M.\Dm\—Cont(I. 8. Dr. E. B. Allen. 4. Mrs. W. A. Ellis. 5. Mrs. L. A. Gainbrill. 6. Mrs. R. M. Hobbs. 7. Mrs. M. M. Dyer. 8. Mrs. J. C. Arnott. 9. Mrs. A. Dougherty. 10. Mrs. Joe Stitt. 11. Mrs. Cooper. 12. Mrs. L. A. Covel. 21. Marin Mrs. Charles C. Dodge, Larkspur 18 Town Units: Belvedere Mrs. J. Edwards Sausalito Mrs. W. Gilbert Mill Valley Mrs. C. Symonds Corte Madera Mrs. M. McDonald Larkspur Mrs. George Cagwin Kentfield Mrs. J. Webb Ross Mrs. R. J. Davis San Anselmo Miss Ray Saunders Fairfax Mrs". M. Perry Forest Knolls Mrs. B. Moore Inverness Mrs. J. Martinelli San Rafael Mrs. H. Keuchler Novate Mrs. C. Christinson Ignacio Mrs. M. Boeken Tomales Mrs. J. Gerieke Tiburon Mrs. C. Anderson Olema Miss B. Hall Point Reyes Mrs. R. Grandi 22. MARiroRA Mrs. Nell G. Thayer, Usona 2H. Mendocino Mrs. R. L. Riehards, Talmage 13 Township Units: Ukiah ]\Irs. Robert Lewis Richards Willits Mrs. Arthur Tl\ompson Covelo Mrs. Mary E. Weddle Potter Valley Mrs. Lena Whittaker Booneville Mrs. Ike Burke Calpella Mrs. Kirk Ford Talmage Mrs. M. Harrison Fort Bragg Mrs. Eva Huggins Mendocino City Mrs. J. W. Ross WeStport Mrs. Frances Buchanan Hopland Mrs. Arthur Holliday Laytonville Mrs. C. W. Winchester Point Arena Mrs. Ida Caylor 14 COUNTY CHAIRMAN 24. Merced Mrs. John Stebbins, Merced 2 Divisions : East Side. West Side. 25. jModoc IVIrs. Walter Sherlock, Alturas 7 District Units : Adin Mrs. A. E. Pickard Cedarville Miss Addie Shatts Davis Creek Mrs. Saeger New Pine Crec^k Mrs. Cora Fallett Eagleville Mrs. Estelle Forcum Adamsville Mrs. Ada Stratts Alturas Miss Augusta Caldwell 26. Mono Miss Mildred M. Gregory, Aurora, Nevada 27. Monterey Mrs. W. V. Grimes, Pacific Grove 5 District Units: Monterey Mrs. E. T. Erb Kings City Mrs. Minnie D. Henry Carmel Mrs. J. W. Hand Pacific Grove Mrs. Chas. Barkes Metz Mrs. John Alves 28. Napa Mrs. Percy S. King, Napa 5 District Units : Napa Mrs. F. Silva St. Helena ^Irs. Bismark Bruck Calistoga Mrs. Wm. Blodgett Browne Valley .Mrs. Rose Karns Caneras .* Mrs. M. Duhig 29. Nevada Mrs. James Watt, Grass Valley 9 City Units: Nevada Citv Mrs. M. B. Church North San Juan Mrs. Margaret C. Corbett Truckee , Mrs. S. M. Richardson Pleasant Valley Mrs. Minnie Novay Spencerville Mrs. A. M. Austin Washington Mrs. E. McCulla Rough and Readv Miss Elizabeth Grant French Corral Mrs. S. M. Tackitt Grass Valley Mrs. Darsie Ridge 15 COUNTY CHAIRMAN 30. Orange Mrs. A. J. Lawton, Santa Ana 5 District Units: 1st District Mrs. W. A. Patterson 2nd District Mrs. J. G. Dunn 3rd District Mrs. C. E. McFadden 4th District Mrs. W. R. Garrett 5th District Mrs. S. W. Stanley 31. Placer Mrs. C. K. Schnabel, Newcastle 1 District Unit: Roseville Mrs. Cora Woodbridge 32. Plumas. 33. Riverside Mrs. Clark McEuen, Winchester 17 Town Units: Winchester Mrs. W. J. Rice Glenavon Mrs. J. H. Atwater Perris Mrs. E. C. Talbot Banning Mrs. R. H. Coombs Beaumont Mrs. J. 0. Tillery Blythe Mrs. S. Z. Hanlin Hemet Mrs. John E. King San Jacinto Mrs. C. D. Pool Elsinore Mrs. J. H. Gyger Murrietta Mrs. G. L. Black Highgrove Mrs. W. W. Ayers Moreno Mrs. J. M. Nelson Nuevo Mrs. E. R. Stalder Corona Mrs. F. J. Mueller Riverside Mrs. H. J. Webber Indio Mrs. Harry Marshall Thermal Mrs. A. 0. Hayward 31. Sacramento Mrs. C. D. Webster, Sacramento 1 4 Town Units : Antelope Mrs. A. T. McBride Clay Station Mrs. C. A. Bolton Courtland Mrs. Joseph E. Green Fair Oaks Mrs. James White Folsom Mrs. Hattie B. Morrison Gall Mrs. Frederick Harvey iNlayhew, Perkins & Mills Mrs. Len Lansboroiigh North Sacramento Mrs. W. F. Kaehler Ryde Mrs. Walter Brown Wilton Mrs. C. C. Woodmansee Walnut Grove Mrs. Arthur Eastman Elk Grove Mrs. E. C. Brill Fruit Ridge Mrs. R. J. Nichols ^ Sacramento Mrs. Chas. H. Adams 16 COUNTY CHAIRMAN 35. San Benito Mrs. Katherine Taylor, Hollister 6 District Units : Hollister Mrs. George Moore Tres Pinos Mrs. James Slaven; Mrs. Domie Indart Paicines Mrs. Harry Macomber ; Mrs. Elmer Kile San Juan Mrs. Alva Skeel San Felipe Mrs. James Dunn; Mrs. Wm. Little Aromas Mrs. Iva Suiter 25 School Districts: Union District Mrs. Romanza Elliott Santa Anita Miss Domie Indart Fairview Mrs. Walter Flint Ausaymas Mrs. Waldo Rolinert Pacheco Mrs. Wm. Little Cotton Wood Mrs. A. McKanna Live Oak Mrs. Walter Walters Antelope Mrs. Elmer Kile Vineyard Miss Grace Farrand Tully Mrs. Frank Tully Peralta Mrs. D. McDonald San Benito Miss L. Mathews Jefferson Mrs. R. G. Garner Panoche Miss Edna Strohm Aromas , Mrs. Anna Lyons Bear Valley Mrs. H. Bacon Bitter Water Miss Ruba Reckert Cienega Mrs. Libby Erie Mrs, Howard Harrison Lone Tree Mrs. Susie Allard New Idria Mrs. Morris Bowman Aromitas Mrs. J. McDonald Lazar, Gabilan & Olympia Mrs. Alva Skeel San Felipe Mrs. James Dunn 36. San Bernardino Mrs. Robe.t F. Garner, San Bernardino 20 District Units : San Bernardino Miss Harriet Curtis Colton Mrs. J. B. Hanna Rialto Mrs. A. R. Morgan Highland Mrs. W. F. Crown East Highland Mrs. G. W. Beattie Ontario Mrs. S, E. Henderson Upland Mrs. John D. Howe Chino Mrs. W. R. Dickey Needles Mrs. W. M. Claypool ; Mrs. J. Holly Etiwanda & Vicinity Mrs. J. Jones Fontana Mrs. W. S. Walling 17 COUNTY CHAIRMAN 36. San Bernardino — Covtd. Barstow Mrs. E. L. Pitcher Victorville Mrs. Elton Gobel Loma Linda Mrs. M. Evans Grand Terrace Mrs. F. A. Worthy Bloomington Mrs. A. H. Morgan Cucamonga IMrs. Mary Reed ; Mrs. J. H. Williams Redlands Mrs. C. L. Curtiss Yncaipa Mrs. J. W. Cruikshank Del Rosa Mrs. George Webber 37. San Diego Mrs. A. L. Simpson, San Diego 6 District Units: Chula Vista Mrs. Chas. W. Darling Lemon Grove Mrs. J. Wm. Fisher Pacific Beach Mrs. Fred Scripps Ramona Mrs. W. D. White Escondido Mrs. H. F. Bloom Point Loma Mrs. William Rosie 19 Town Units: La Jolla Mrs. W. C. Crandall Pacific Beach Mrs. F. T. Scripps National Citv Mrs. John Biirnham El Cajon. . ." Mrs. J. R. Caldwell Chula Vista Mrs. C. W. Darling Coronado Mrs. L. C. Bertolette Vista Mrs. H. C. Bowman Lemon Grove Mrs. J. W. Fisher Ramona Mrs. W. D. White Alpine Mrs. Charles W. Hilton Jamiil ]\trs. C. K. Voorhees Barrett Mrs. L. W. Smith Dulzura Mrs. Lila A. Clark Dehess Mrs. G. A. Spencer Pala Mrs. Arthur T. Speiss La Mesa Mrs. H. F. Worth Fallbrook Mrs. Geo. Campbell Oceanside Mrs. J. E. Jones Encinitas Mrs. Tom Cousins 38. San Francisco Mrs. Frank Fredericks,* San Francisco * Died on Jan. 20, 1919. 39. San Joaquin Mrs. John Montgomery, Lodi 18 District Units: Tracy Mrs. J. J. Hubs Escalon Mrs. S. I. Steele Lathrop Mrs. L. C. Ladd Ripon Mrs. Wm. H. Lindsay Manteea Mrs. J. C. McCurdy 18 COUNTY CHAIRMAN 39. San J().\(^ttin — Contd. Linden Mrs. Edgar Davis Farmington Miss Alice Wood Castle Mrs. D. 0. Castle Van Allen Mrs. Margaret Liesy French Camp Mrs. James Salmon Lodi jVIrs. John S. Montgomery Woodbridge Mrs. F. B. Mills Lafayette , Mrs. James Pope Live Oaks Mrs. E. W. Leffler Christian Colony IMrs. J. W. Struckenbruck Acampo Mrs. Mayme Wilder Thornton Mrs. W. T. Rutherford Calla Mrs. Ben Goodwin 1 City Unit: Stockton Mrs. C. S. Sargent 40. San Luis Obispo Mrs. C. B. Tlughston, San Luis Obispo 41. San Mateo Mrs. John L. McGinn, San Mateo 2 District Units : Division No. 1 Mrs. W. A. Brooke Division No. 2 Mrs. E. P. Kaufman 42. Santa Barbara Mrs. Clara E. Herbert, Santa Barbara 6 District Units : Santa Barbara Montecito Summerland Carpenteria Goleta Gaviota Santa Ynez Ballard Los Olivos Solvang Lompoc Los Alamos Surf Las Cruces Santa Rita Santa Maria Santa Marie Guadalupe Sisquoc Orcutt Betteravia Casmalia ^ Mrs. A. R. Edmundson Mrs. Mary D. Howe Mrs. John S. Niles ..Mrs. Murial Edwards > Mrs. John N. Watson 19 COUNTY CHAIRMAN 4'3. Santa Clara Mrs. J. P. Shambeau, San Jose 13 District Units: Palo Alto Mrs. W. B. Allen Mayfield Mrs. D. O. Lively Los Altos — Sunnyvale Mrs. S. L. Berry Santa Clara Mrs. James Glendenning Saratoga Mrs. J. E. Bell Los Gatos Mrs. Z. E. Riggs Morgan H ill Mrs. Giles Bradley Gilroy Mrs. C. T. Ryan Milpitas Miss Nellie Evans San Jose Mrs. J. P. Shambeau San Jose City Mrs. T. H. Reed Campbell Mrs. Geo. Parso Evergreen Mrs. J. P. Shambeau Mountain View Mrs. M. Farrell 44. Santa Cruz Mrs. H. M. Tenney, Watsonville 45. Shasta Mrs. Geo. Sechrist, Redding 8 District Units : Kennett Mrs. John Gregg Cottonwood Mrs. L. R. Williams Anderson Mrs. James Bedford Keswick Mrs. Elsie Doyle Glenburn Mrs. Lorena Reynolds Old Diggings Mrs. James Sales Castella Mrs. R. D. McConnell Fall River Mrs. Lorena Reynolds 46. Sierra Mrs. F. H. Turner, Sattley 12 Local Units, organized under different Department Chair- men: Mrs. Henry Goard. Mrs. P. J. Meroux. Mrs. W. A. Lavery. Miss Jessie Reese. Mrs. Fred Dolley. Miss Roxie Alexander. Mrs. H. R. McDougall. Miss Alba Cox. Miss Belle Alexander. Mrs. George King. Miss Lucetta Thorne. 20 COUNTY CHAIRMAN 47. Siskiyou IMrs. H. C. Patterson, Yreka 14 District Units: Hornbrook ^ Klamathon > Mrs. Marshall Horn Hanlev J Gazelle I\[rs. Eliz. Foulke; Mrs. C. M. Mitchell Shasta Mrs. Edward O'Connor Fort Jones Mrs. Lena Aiitenreith Etna Mills Mrs. J. A. Denny Dunsmuir Mrs. E. Cornish McCloud Mrs. Elmer E. Hall Ager Mrs. J. A. Ager Weed Mrs. Will Tebbe Montague Mrs. A. L. Harlow Sisson Mrs. Marion Goldsmith Grenada Mrs. MacGregor Dorris Miss Grace Thomas Yreka Miss Bessie Silverthorn 48. SoL.\NO Mrs. F. A. Steiger, Vacavillo 10 City Units: Vallejo Mrs. Raymond Bangle Benecia Mrs. J. Wassmau Suisnn Mrs. Henry Bird Rio Vista Mrs. J. Anderson Dixon Mrs. Angus Madden Vacaville Mrs. D. 'Neill Cordeliiss Mrs. F. Jones Cement ^Irs. L. E. Bostwiek Elraira . . . ^ Mrs. F. Clark Fairfield Mrs. McAllister 49. Sonoma Mrs. J. S. Sweet, Santa Rosa 11 Local Units: Santa Rosa Miss Frances O'Meara Petaluma Mrs. L. C. Byce Healdsburg Miss A. A. Gallaway Cloverdale'^ Mrs. C. B. Shaw Sonoma Mrs. F. T. Duhring Sebastopol Mrs. E. F. Jewell Geyserville Mrs. H. E. Black Guerneville Mrs. Mary E. Esterling Kenwood Mrs. Geo. Bailey Fulton Miss Annie Laughlin Windsor Mrs. Mabel Du Vander 21 COUNTY CHAIRMAN 50. Stanislaus Mrs. Mollie Bloom Flagg, Turlock 22 Town Units : Modesto Mrs. Lena S. Maze Ceres Mrs. L. Collins Turloek Mrs. C. C. Carlson Salida Mrs. M. M. ElmorQ Denair Mrs. Estella Blizzard Hughson Mrs. Maud Tast Riverbank Mrs. Daisy Hobart Keyes Mrs. Ida May Leighton Montpelier Mrs. "W. H. Voight Claus Mrs. A. Beck Newman Mrs. A. B. Joseph Crows Landing Mrs. Ralph Crow Patterson Mrs. V. V. Allen Wesley Mrs. Anna S. Cox Oakdale Mrs. Hattie Clark Waterford Mrs. Alice E. Knowlton Cooperstown ]\rrs. Mary E. Glatzman Knights Ferry ]\[rs. Estella H. Prowse Valleytown Mrs. Anna Ray Hickman Mrs. Helen Mirrian La Grange Mrs. Daisy Triplett Empire Mrs. Octavia McEwen 51. Sutter ]\Irs. Hugh D. Moncur, Yuba City 13 City Units: Pleasant Grove Mrs. John T. Glenn Nicolaus Mrs. Charles Grider Verona Mrs. D. W. Finch Trowbridge Mrs. Emily Dooley Meridian '.Mrs. W. L. Stephens Sutter Mrs. Ben Catlett Live Oak Mrs. W. H. Stafford West Butte Mrs. Louis Tarke Tudor Miss B. Hess Pennington ]\[rs. Prank Hageboom Cranmore Mrs. A. T. Spencer Terra Buena Miss ]\Iae Smith Yuba City Mrs. I. H. Barr fi District Units: Bogue Mrs. J. A. Littlejohu Franklin Mrs. J. L. Welter Neustro Mrs. A. B. Gage Encinal Mrs. Clara Morse O'Banion ('orners Mrs. W. Mangels Pennington Mrs. Frank Hageboom 22 . COUNTY CHAIRMAN 52. Tehama Mrs. L. L. McCoy, Red Bluff 9 District Units: Corning Mrs. Rachel Montgomery Los Molinos Mrs. C. L. Eustes Tehama Mrs. Lulu Simpson Colary Mrs. Alex. McCullagh Proberta Miss Josephine Lewis Red Bank Mrs. J. D. Montgomery Henbyville ^ Flournoy > Mrs. John J. Heavy Butte Mountain J Parkenta Mrs. Z. P. Dyer Barendos Mrs. H. C. Kauffman 53. Trinity Miss Alice Anderson, Weaverville 27 District Units: Blanchard Flat Mrs. Wm. Wallace Burn Ranch J. D. McDonald Caution Mrs. W. S. Willburn Coffee Creek F. C. Schroter Cox Bar G. W. Tinsley Douglas City I\Trs. R. G. Marshall Grass Valley T. M. Wilson Hawkins Bar Mrs. Kate Irving Hayfork Mrs. H. Everett Hatten Valley Hy. D. Wilburn Heaglin John Holtorf Hyampom Mrs. Eva Russell Island Mountain Mrs. E. W. Hinds Junction City R- Gribble La Orange Mrs. G. W. Senger Lewiston John Knoll Long Ridge Mrs. F. M. Hayden Lower Trinity Mrs. Rosa Noble Mad River J- M. Hutchens Minersville J. C. Van Matre Peak E. 0. White Ruch Mrs. J. J. Moons Salt Creek J. W. Patten Trinitv Center E. K. Ellery Tnlc Creek R. H. Crews Weaverville C E. Goodyear Zenia E. Kniss 54'. Tttlare Mrs. George G. Hobbs, Dinuba 14 Town Units: Traver INIrs. F. H. Coughran Sultana Mrs. E. S. Phillips Allensworth Mrs. Louise Dotson 23 COUNTY CHAIRMAN 54. Tulare — Contd. Tnlare Mrs. A. C. Rosenthal Diniiba Mrs. C. A. Pellotson Porterville Mrs. H. M. Hathaway Strathraore INTrs. L. L. Lighthall Lemon Cove Mrs. Jack Arthur Visalia Mrs. Bessie Twaddle Lindsay Mrs. W. D. Allen Exeter Mrs. Reginald Rowland Cutler Mrs. J. W. Floyd Orosi Mrs. James Nelson Orange Cove Mrs. J. F. Wright 55. Tuolumne Mrs. 0. J. Mouron, Sonora 11 City Units : Sonora Mrs. H. E. Wolfe Jamestown Mrs. L. S. Rosenthal Groveland Mrs. Lester Wiley Columbia Mrs. Geo. Trask, Jr. Standard Mrs. Chester Monroe Soulsbyville Mrs. J. F. Anderson Tuolumne Mrs. E. H. Reid Chinese Mrs. D. E. Stratton Quartz Mrs. S. E. Morgan Confidence Mrs. W. J. Leigh Shawmutt Mrs, Jason Litchild 5fi. Ventura Mrs. Frank Sifford, Ventura 21 District Units: Fillmore Mrs. Geo. Tighe Fillmore, R. F. D Mrs. Geo. King Santa Paula Mrs. H. H. McPhee Santa Paula, R. F. D Miss Elizabeth Anderson Oxnard Mrs. J. Diefenbach Hueneme Mrs. H. J. Rosendale Santa Susana Mrs. C. M. Cambridge Camarillo Mrs. F. W. Stein Saticoy Mrs. John Newby Moorpark Mrs. E. I. Rice Piru Mrs. F. S. Chapman Ventura Mrs. P. W. Stebbins Sirai Mrs. B. H. Brigham Somis Mrs. J. W. McKee Ojai Mrs. Frank Beaman Newberry Park Mrs. S. E. Patten Lebec Mrs. F. L. Cuddy 24 COUNTY CO AIRMAN 56. Ventura — Contd. Carpenteria Miss Pauline Gaynor Ozena Miss Mary Y. Reyes Triunfo Mrs. Bernice Stockton Saticoy Mrs. J. M. Sharp 57. Yolo Mrs. Herbert E. Coil, Woodland 8 City Units: Dnnnigan Mrs. Sam Barker Grafton Mrs. S. F. Dixon Davis Mrs. Forest Plant Winters Mrs. Annie Sparks Zaniora Mrs. Bernice Jacobs Clarksburg Mrs. Jessie Cave Woodland Mrs. Lawhead Capay Valley Mrs. B. F. Davissou 58. Yuba Mrs. L. S. Burgert, Marysville 4 Town Units: Marysville Mrs. L. S. Burgert Wheatland Mrs. W. B. Ball Hammontown Mrs. 0. L. Gray Marigold Mrs. George Mott ;i5 School Districts: Arboga Mrs. Geneva Coney Bald Mountain Ella Huggins Brophy Eva Johnson Buckeye Mrs. Kate Wyraan Browns Valley Marie Eymard Challenge Dorothy Gill Clark Louise Johnson Celestial Valley Maynie Curry Cordua Mrs. Rose Ruff Dobbins Eva Meline Elizabeth Eleanor Ebert Ella Grace McGowan Frenchtown iMrs. Julia Merriani Greenville Alice Coupe Mellon Hansonville Inez Rivers Honcut Lucile 'Brien Indian Ranch Eva Reusser Linda Amy Green Lone Tree Ethel Oldham Long Bar Lottie Contlin Mill Creek Effie Sheehan Oak Valley Mabel Harding Oregon House Louise Johnson 25 COrNTY CHAIRMAN .58. Yuba — Contd. Prairie Mrs. Blanche Folson Peoria Anna Pettie Sperback Phimas Elizabeth Fell Rose Bar Grace Weiss Sharon Valley Mrs. Chas. Harvey Slate Range Hazel Townsend Spring Valley Mabel Harding Strawberry Valley Mrs. Nellie Bean Sugar Loaf Miss Laura Marvin Virginia Miss Anna Herrick Waldo Mrs. Alma Dixon Woodruff Mrs. Margaret Devoe 26 REPRESENTATIVES OF THE WOMEN'S COM- MITTEE on the COUNTY DIVISIONS OF THE STATE COUNCIL OF DEFENSE Alameda : Mrs. Frederick C. Turner, Oakland. Miss Ethel Moore, Oakland. Mrs. ]). W. Ross, Berkeley. AliPINE : Amador : Mrs. M. E. Tucker, Sutter Creek. Mrs. J. A. Piceardo, Jackson. Miss Freda E. M. Riedeman, Sutter Creek. Butte : Mrs. 0. W. March, Chico. Miss Alice Crum, Chico. Mrs. J. A. Harvey, Bigfgs. Calaveras: Mrs. Alice Halley, San Andreas. i\rrs. Henry F. Zwinge, San Andreas. Colusa : Mrs. C. O. Jordan. Colusa. Mrs. S. S. Eakle, Williams. Mrs. A. B. Jackson, Colusa. Contra Costa : Mrs. H. J. (\irry, Martinez. Mrs. C. S. Gibson, Richmond. Mrs. R. W. Hanna, Richmond. Dei; Norte :' Mrs. James McNulty, Crescent City. Mrs. Wm. Malone, Crescent City. El Dorado: Mrs. L. J. Dormody, Placerville. Mrs. William Hood, Placerville. ]\rrs. S. H. INFaginess, Placerville. Fresno : Mrs. E. A. Williams, Fresno. Mrs. H. A. Goddard, Fresno. Mrs. Henry Hawson, Fresno. Glenn : Mrs. C. L. Donohue, Willows. Mrs. W. H. Walker, Willows. Mrs. Wm. M. Finch, Willows. Humboldt : IVIrs. Eva Ricks, Eureka. Mrs. R. R. Smith, Fortuna. 27 ImPERIAIj : Mrs. Violette S. Campbell, El Centre. Mrs. Herbert Fnlton, Brawley. Mrs. Bailies C. Walker, El Centre. Inyo : Mrs. Bertrand Rhine, Bishop. Mrs. Leora B. Rhine, Bishop. Kern : Mrs. L. P. Gniberson. Taft. Mrs. Grace Sykes, Rakersfield. Mrs. H. N. Herriek, Taft. Kings : Mrs. Hope P. Johnson, Hard wick. Mrs. C. H. Cousins, Hanford. Mrs. Florence Graves, Hanford. Lake : Mrs. Leonora May, Lakeport. Mrs. A. B. Olsen, Kelseyville. Mrs. W. W. Grnwell, Lakeport. Lassen : Mrs. C. E. Emerson, Susanville. Los Angeles: Mrs. J. F. Sartori, Los Angeles. Mrs. J. T. Anderson. Mrs. Elizabeth Mnmford, Pasadena. ]\L\DERA : Mrs. L. A. Covel, Madera. Mrs. A. L. Gambrill, Chowchilla. Mrs. Walter Schniitz, Madera. Martn : Mrs. Charles C. Dodge, Larkspur. Mrs. H. N. Knechler, San Rafael. IMrs. Carl Syraonds. Mill Valley. Mariposa : Mrs. Nell G. Thayer. ]\rENDOClNO: Mrs. R. L. Richards, Talmage. Mrs. S. H. Bragg, Ukiah. Mrs. Lonis Hoffman, TTkiah. Merced : Mrs. John Stebbins, Merced. Mrs. John B. Garibaldi, Merced. -Modoc : Mrs. Walter Sherlock, Altnras. Miss Addie Shf.tts, Codarville. Mrs. J. D. Ries<*n, Altnras. Mono : Miss Mildred M. Gregory, Ani'ora, Nev. Mrs. P. R. Parker, Bridgeport. 28 IMONTEREY : Mrs. W. V. Grimes, Pacific Grove. jMrs. 'J. H. Andresen, Salinas. Mrs. Richmond Wheeler, Salinas. Napa : Mrs. Percy S. King, Napa. Mrs. Frank Silva, Napa. Mrs. G. F. Weber, St. Helena. Nevada : Mrs. James Watt, Grass Valley. Mrs. Gertrnde Carson, Grass Valley. Mrs. Margaret Chapman, Nevada City Orange : Mrs. A. J. Lawton, Santa Ana. Mrs. Ida F. Button, Anaheim. Mrs. E. M. M alley, Santa Ana. Placer : Mrs. C. K. Schnabel, Newcastle. Mrs. Cora Woodbridge, Roseville. Mrs. J. D. Stewart, Auburn. Plumas : Riverside : I\[rs. Clark JMcEuen, Winchester. Mrs, IT. J. Webber, Riverside. Mrs. Henry DeNyse, Riverside. Sacramento: Mrs. C. D. Webster, Sacramento. Mrs. Charles H. Adams, Sacramento. Mrs. Albert Elkus, Sacramento. San Benito : Mrs. Katherine Taylor, Hollister. Mrs. Roland E. Sko.>l, San Juan. Mrs. Harry Ma comber, Paicines. San Bernardino: Mrs. Robert F. Garner, San Bernardino. Miss Harriett Curtiss, San Bernardino. Mrs. Jonas Wood, San Bernardino. San Diec40: Mrs. A. L. Simpson, San Diego. Mrs. Wm. A. Crane, San Diego. Mrs. H. F. Bloom, Escondido. San Francisco: Mrs. W. DuBois Brookings, San Francisco. San Joaquin : Mrs. John Montgomery, Lodi. Mrs. P. B. Eraser, Stockton. Mrs. A. E. Prior, Stockton. San Luis Obispo : Mrs. C. B. Hiighson, San Luis Obispo. 29 San Mateo : Mrs. John L. McGinn, San Mateo. Mrs. W. A. Brooke, Half Moon Bay. Mrs. C. R. Walter, Menlo Park. Santa Barbara : Mrs. Clara E. Herbert, Santa Barbara. Mrs. A. R. Edmonson, Santa Barbara. Mrs. Geo. E. Potter, Santa Barbara. Santa ClarzV: Mrs. J. P. Shainbeaii, San Jose. Mrs. John G. Jury, San Jose. Mrs. W. H. Shockley, Palo Alto. Santa Cruz: Mrs. H. M. Tenney, Watsonville. Mrs. W. H. Volek, Watsonville. Shasta : Mrs. Geo. Sechrist, Redding. l\Irs. James Bedford, Anderson. Mrs. W. D. Tillotson, Reddinpr. Sierra : Mrs. F. H. Turner, Sattley. Siskiyou : Mrs. H. C. Patterson, Yreka. Mrs. Wm. Hunt, Sisson. Solano : Mrs. F. A. Steiger, Vacaville. Mrs. Angus Madden, Dixon. ]\rrs. Raymond Bangle, Vallejo. Sonoma : Mrs. J. S. Sweet, Santa Rosa. Mrs. Francis O'Meara, Santa Rosa. Mrs. P. A. IMenery, Santa Rosa. StaNISJjAUS : Mrs. Millie Bloom Flagg, Turlock. Mrs. Lena S. Maze, Modesto. Mrs. Max Hoffman, Newman. Sutter : Mrs. Hugh D. Moncur, Yuba City. Mrs. A. Lemenager. Tehama : Mrs. L. L. McCoy, Red Bluff. Mrs. R. J. Packard, Corning. ]\Trs. E. M. Perdew, Visalia. Trinity : Miss Alice Anderson, Weaverville. Mrs. E. V. Jotter, Weaverville. Tulare : Mrs. George C. Hobbs, Dinuba. Mrs. Bessie R. Twaddle, Visalia. Mrs. E. M. Perdew, Visalia. 30 Tuolumne : Mrs. 0. J. Mouron, Souora. Mrs. A. R. Graves, Tuolumne. ]\rrs. J. T. Priec, Sonora. Ventura : JMrs. Frank Siiford, Ventura. Mrs. J. Diefenbach, Oxnard. Mrs. L. B. Hogue, Santa Paula. YOLO: Mrs. Herbert E. Coil, Woodland. Mrs. L. D. Lawhead, Woodland. Mrs. E. A. Bullard, Woodland. Yuba : Mrs. L. S. Burger, Marysville. 31 WOMEN'S COMMITTEE OF THE STATE COUNCIL OF DEFENSE OF CAIJFORNIA HISTORY The Women's Committee of the State Council of Defense of California was organized at the direction of the Women's Committee of the National Council of Defense. Mrs. Frank A. Gibson was appointed temporary chairman to call together the heads of Women's Organizations in the State. Fifteen organizations were notified and all of them were repre- sented at the i5rst meeting which was held in San Francisco, May 28th, 1917. At that time the permanent organization of the Califor- nia Women's Committee was effected. OBJECT This committee was organized to co-ordinate and centralize the organized forces of the women of the state; to enlist the co-operation of unorganized women for war service ; and also to provide a channel through which the different Government Agencies and Departments could speedily and effectively reach the women with directions and suggestions to help the Government win the war. Immediately upon the organization of this committee as a part of the National Council of Defense, the State Council of Defense of California made it an integral part of that body, giving the Women's Committee financial support and co-operation. The Chair- man of the Women's Committee is a member of the Executive Com- mittee of the State Council of Defense and the County Chairmen of the Women's Committee are members of the County Divisions of the State Council. The Committee was not intended to displace any other organiza- tion, or to lessen the importance or value of work done by organiza- tions. Its function has been to provide a clearing house through which Government information and directions could be quickly dis- seminated throughout the state. Bulletins and circular letters from Washington, outlining programs of work, and transmitting informa- tion from Federal Agencies, have come constantly to the Committee. These Bulletins have been given publicity through the newspapers of the state which have been most generous in the space devoted to this form of war service, and by circular letters and bulletins sent from the state office to the County and Department Chairmen. The regular department work of the Committee, as programmed in Washington, has been in line with tlie work of the State Social Service Commissions. Wherever possible, a woman member of these Commissions has been made a Chairman of Department work and in this way the Women's Committee has furnished an opportunity for educational work for the Commissions and has brought the gov- ernment of the state very closely and vividly to the attention of its citizens. 32 One effect of the Women's Committee, which it is hoped will he permanent, is the affiliation of organizations for a common purpose and the closer drawing together of all the women of the State through the common service to Avhich they were devoted. ORGANIZATION EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The Executive Committee is composed of officers and depart- ment chairmen. In order to identify the work of the Women's Committee with the State Council, as part of a great national scheme, the women mmbers of the State Council are members of the P^xecutive Committee and the Chairman of the Women's Committee is a member of the State Council of Defense. The Executive Com- mittee has met once a week, or oftener, as occasion demanded, during the life of the Committee. (See page 4.) CENTRAI- COMMITTEE The Central Committee is made up of state organizations and the women members on State Welfare Boards and Commissions. (See pages 4'-5.) This Committee has met regularly once a month. ADVISORY COMMITTEE The Advisory Committee is composed of the County Chairmen of the Women's Comn)ittee and this Committee has met with the Central Committee. (See pages 6 to 26.) DEPARTMENTS OF WORK Regular departments of work are organized within the Com- mittee. These correspond, in general, M'ith the departments of the Women's Committee of the Council of National Defense. Some de- partments have been added as need developed for them. The Chair- iiicn of these departments have followed the programs which came to them from Washington. They have also developed and initiated new plans to meet the state needs. Special Work. The Headquarters of the Executive Committee of the Women's Committee have been in Los Angeles, in offices pro- vided by the State Council of Defense. There has also been an office for the Women's Committee in the San Francisco Offices of the State Council of Defense. For the year from October, 1917, to October, 1918, the Women's Committee officially represented the State Council of Defense in Los Angeles, the Secretary of the Women's Committee serving also as Assistant Secretary of the State Council of Defense, and their offices have been a center for war information and war activities of every kind, ranging from "PTome Gardens" and "Food Demonstra- tions," to information furnished from the "Official United States Bulletin;" material for lecturps and speakers; helpful advice and guidance along social, industrial and economic lines, as these prob- lems were intensified or emphasized by the war. Thousands of people have come to the offices for advice and information, and thousands of telephone calls for the same purpose have been an- swered. 33 Tlio Four-Minute Men's organization of Southern California has occupied an office in the Women's Committee Headquarters, and have l)een furnished stenographic and mimeographic service. In the same building with the Headquarters, all war "drives" such as the "Liberty Loan," the "Red Cross," and the "War Work Campaign," have been carried on from time to time. The Women's Committee lias co-operated in every Avay possible with these cam- paigns. On a very small amount of money, and with very few paid workers, an enormous amount of work has been done in the office by the generous assistance of many volunteer workers. Mrs. Carrie S. Greene, Mrs. Josephine H. Reynolds and Mrs. Barbara Stahl have given expert and continuous volunteer service at the Headquarters. In addition to the regular work programmed at Washington, the following special work has been carried on by the Women's Committee : Liberty Loan. The first call made upon the Committee was to help in the campaign for the "Liberty Loan Bonds." A Chairman for Northern California and one for Southern California were ap- pointed, who each in her respective section, did remarkably efficient work, considering that the request was received from the National Council of Defense only ten days before the closing date of the camxjaign. Food Pledge Campaigns. Before the "Food Administration" was organized, the Women's Committee, in July, 1917, carried on the first Food Pledge Campaign. While the result was disappoint- ing as to numbers, it was the beginning of the educational work among the women of the state as to the necessity for every housewife to CO- operate with the Government in providing food for our soldiers anc[ our Allies. California was fifth among the other States in her rating in this campaign. Immediately after Mr. Merritt's appointment as Food Admin- istrator for California, he asked the Women's Committee to act as the Advisory Committee for the "Food Administration" in Cali- fornia. Acting in that capacity, the machinery of the Women's Committee was used to carry on the second Food Pledge Campaign in November, 1917, with the result of over 600,000 Food Pledges signed. An educational speaking campaign was carried on through- out the State at that time at the suggestion of the Food Administra- tor, under the auspices of the Women's Committee. Mr. Merritt has many times, expressed his appreciation of the co-operation of the Women's Committee. Home Demonstration Agents. Demonstrators from the Agri- cultural Department of the University of California opened a State Tour by a three-days' series of demonstrations in Los Angeles, in June, 1917. These and other Demonstrators were then routed throughout the State by the Women's Committee. The Women's Committee assisted in getting appropriations from the Boards of Supervisors for the expenses of the Federal Home Demonstration Agents. Since these Agents were appointed, they have been in close touch with the Women's Committee. The Agent 34 for the Los Angeles District Mrs. Jessica C. Hazzard has made her headquarters Avith the Women's Committee and has been at the dis- posal of the Committee for lectures and demonstrations. Thousands of sheets of recipes were mimeographed for the use of the Agents to meet the demands made upon the Committee before the "Food Administration" began furnishing their "Rules for Con- servation" and "The Use of Substitutes." Exhihits. Exhibits of posters made by the children of the Los Angeles Schools have been held and have been loaned for Schools, Libraries and shop window displays. The Committee has also loaned a Food Exhibit of dried fruits and vegetables, fats, grains, flours and sweets — other than sugar, and a "Food" exhibit, showing One Hundred calory portions. Exhibits of the work of the Women's Committee were made at the Allied War Exposition in Los Angeles; at the State Fair in Sacramento and at the Los Angeles Liberty Fair. These were made to visualize the work of the various Departments. A complete ac- count of them is given under the Department of "Information and Library Service." Many exhibits have been made by County Com- mittees in their own localities. Lahor Survey. In the Summer of 1917, an investigation was made of the labor supply of Southern California and the alleged shortage of women workers. Drives. In the campaigns for funds for war work carried on by the "Red Cross," "Liberty Loan," "United War Work Cam- paign." the 'Young Women's Christian Association," and the "Young Men's Christian Association," the Women's Committee has taken an active and important part. In certain localities the whole responsibility for these campaigns has been in the hands of the Women's Committee. This was especially true in Counties where the Young Women's Christian Association and the Young Men's Christian Association had no local organizations. Books and mag- azines for the camps and cantonments have been collected. War Risk Insurance. Information and leaflets on "War Risk Insurance" were circidated, and applications from parents of men in service were taken at the San Francisco and Los Angeles offices. Income Tax. At the solicitation of the Internal Revenue Officer, leaflets were sent out on "How to Make the Income Tax Returns," and in some Counties and Towns the Women's Committee made a house-to-house distribution of these leaflets. American Women's Hospitals. The machinery of the Women's Committee was used in the campaign for the American Women's Hospitals. The Southern California Counties were especially active in that campaign and made it possible for the Campaign Committee to largely exceed its quota of $50,000.00 from the Southern Cali- fornia District. Bhident Nxirse Reserve. At the request of the Surgeon-General's Office and the National Council of Defense, a campaign was started to enroll Student Nurses in both Army and Civilian Hospitals. Ap- plications of 837 Student Nurses, recruited from all over the State, were sent to Washington from the Los Angeles office of the Women's Committee. 35 Motor Service. There is no State Motor Service. The Los Angeles Emergency Drivers have had their headquarters with the Women's Committee in Los Angeles, and the National League for Women's Service has been similarly connected in San Francisco with the Women's Committee. I'here have been Motor Corps of women throughout the State, some operating directly under the "Red Cross," and others directly with the Women's Committee. They have all rendered valuable service, both in war work and in the emergency created by the influenza epidemic. Community Activities. These included Community Kitchens, which were largely used for canning fruit and vegeta])les, and the making of jellies and i)reserves. In this way, large amounts of fruit that had usually lain on the ground and spoiled, due to the abund- ance of the fruit crop in California, have been put to good use, probably for the first time in tlie history of the State. Community Drying Plants, where vegetables and fruits have been dried, and Community Markets, where the products of the Home Gardens have been brought together for distribution and sale, have been established. Community Singing. In nearly every county. Community Sing- ing has been established through the assistance of the Women's Comnuttee. Health Centers. As a result of the "Children's Year Cam- I)aign," twenty-two permanent Children's Health Centers have been established. (Community Councils. Wherever Community Councils have been established, the Women's (^^ommittee has had a prominent part in their organization On the original Committee of five in each County, there were two women representing the Women's County Com- mittee. War Gardens. A War Garden Bureau is being established in every County, and the machinery of the Women's Committee is being utilized in this project. A member of the Women's Committee is a member of each County War Garden Bureau. Influenza Epidemic. The epidemic of influenza, in the Autumn of 1918, interfered with the regular Department work of the Com- mittee, but the County Chairmen were actively occupied in giving assistance during the epidemic. In many localities they played a very important part in the plans for caring for the sufferers, and everywhere, throughout the State the Women's Committee lent valuable aid in providing diet and community kitchens, which fur- nished cooked food for the sick, and for children and working mem- bers of the family : in recruiting nurses for the hospitals and for general service; in making masks; in taking patients to and from hospitals through the Motor Corps Service. Beds and bedding, cook- ing utensils, food, drugs and fuel were generously furnished. Com- mittees were organized to do household work, to keep up fires, and furnish all kinds of relief. The whole machinery of the Women^'s Committee was lent to this emergency. Before a telegram was re- ceived from Washington asking that the Women's Committee lend its aid at this time, it was already being done. 36 Reports. We have seni nine bi-monthly reports to Washington, the same report going to the State Council of Defense. We have, also, made weekly reports of the activities of the Women's Com- mittee to the State Council of Defense, and a monthly financial report. Meetings. There have been 150 Executive Committee meetings, and 30 Central Committee meetings. PuUic. Meetings. The Women Committee has arranged public meetings for distinguished speakers, among whom were Miss Jane Addams; Mrs. "Vernon Kellogg, for whom a speaking tour was ar- ranged throughout California; also a meeting for the Y. W. 'C. A. War Workers; a banquet for the Governor of the State and for the Representatives of the xMiied Nations; also, a banquet for Mr. C. C. Moore, the Director of the State Council of Defense; and a mass meeting in the interest of "Americanization," at which mem- liers of the Commission on Immigration and Housing were the prin- cipal speakers. The Women's Committee provided the program of speaking for the afterno(;n and evening of Women's Day at the Allied War Ex- position in Los Angeles. Members of the Executive Committee ac- companied the Governor on a State tour of patriotic speaking, and in each County Avhere the Governor spoke, the Chairman of the County Women's Committee had a part in the program. In addition to the regular Central Committee Meetings, held each month, both in Los Angeles and in San Francisco, which called together representatives of the majority of the Counties of Cali- fornia, two important conferences were held by the Committee, — one at Santa Barbara in April, 1918, at the time of the meeting of the State Conference of Social Agencies. At that meeting, the Women's Comuittee furnislied a large part of the program for one day's meeting of the Conference in addition to its own All Day Con- ference, Another Conference of great importance was held in September, 1918, at Mills College, Oakland, when representatives from 4'3 differ- ent counties and 13 state organizations came together to discuss how the work of the Women's Committee might be carried on in the future with a clearer comprehension and a broader vision. The impression of this Conference was that all social activities had been knit together during this one year of war, much closer than could have been hoped for in fifty years of peace. These Conferences vfere felt to be of inestimable value to the Com.un'ttee, and were a great inspiration for the women who at- tended. Arrangenmts for the War Council of the State Council of De- fense, which was held in Los Angeles in May, were made by the Women's Committee. Letters. We have received nearly 10,000 letters and sent out an average of 2,000 each month. Visitors to the Office. There is a record of over 5,000 persons who have come to the office for information and literature. This does not include members of the Committee, volunteer workers or those Z7 who came to attend meetings, or applicants for enrollment as Student Nurses. Literature. The Committee has a record of 207,566 pieces of literature which has been given out and sent out. This includes the literature of the United States Committee on Public Information; the United States Food Administration, and the Department of Agriculture of the University of California, besides the leaflets of the "Women's Committee; also 92,000 posters. Bulletins. Circular letters of instriiction and direction to county chairmen and workers throughout the State have been sent weekly. The Committee has a record of 190 different circular letters sent from headquarters. This does not include circular letters sent by department chairmen. Speakers. While not maintaining a regular Speaker's Bureau, the "Women's Committee has furnished between three and four hun- dred speakers and has co-operated with the Four-Minute Men, who had their office in our Headquarters. In addition, many programs have been planned and furnished for Clubs and Organizations. The County Committees have also supplied speakers in their localities. Publications. The Women's Committee has published the fol- lowing leaflets : ■'Organization of the Women's Committee," 'Americanization." 'Women in Industry." 'Information and Library Service." ■'Girls' War Service." ■'Maintenance of Existing Social Agencies." • ' Children 's Year Leaflet. ' ' ■'Educational Propaganda." Education." ^'Public Health." 'Reconstruction Program." Many typewritten leaflets and questionnaires were sent out as occasion required. Kesolutions. From time to time, as need arose, resolutions have been passed by the Committee and forwarded through proper chan- nels of influence, given publicity and sent to the County Chairmen and heads of organizations for their endorsement. Through this means it has been ])ossible to accomplish a number of definite pieces of work. 38 FINANCIAL REPORT WOMEN'S COMMITTEE— STATE COUNCIL OF DEFENSE —1917— Feceipts, Appropriation $3,285.50 Miscellaneous Receipts 73.11 Total Receipts $3,358.61 Disbursements, Salaries $1,511.18 Telegrams 161.49 Typewriter Rent 38.00 Telephones 131.75 Other Office Expenses 274.90 Printing, etc 266.60 Postage 256.00 Traveling Expenses 105.00 Miscellaneous 233.92 Total Disbursements $2,978.84 Balance 379.77 $3,358.61 (Offices opened June 1st, 1917.) 1918 Balance from 1917 $ 379.77 Appropriations 5,950.00 Miscellaneous Receipts 575.81 Total Receipts $6,905.58 Dishnrsemenls Salaries .$2,983.50 Telegrams 205.50 Typewriter Rent 106.70 Telephones 151.30 Other Office Expenses 692.83 Printing, etc 319.55 Postage 477.00 Traveling Expenses 916.73 Refunded to State Council of Defense 200.00 Press Clippings 75.35 Pins for Women's Committee 125.00 Exhibits 123.42 Trinity Auditorium Meeting 35.35 Pamphlets, etc 97.05 Miscellaneous 373.73 Total Disbursements $6,883.01 Balance 22.57 $6,905.58 39 REPORTS OF DEPARTMENT CHAIRMEN AMERICANIZATION Mrs. Frank A. Gibson, Chairman When the Women's Coniniittee was organized Governor Stephens placed at its service the machinery of the State Social Commissions. This was done in order to give the whole state the advantage of the well-thought-out plans and policies of experts and, in so doing, to co-ordinate the activities of the great volunteer war-service of the women of California. With these purposes of the Governor in mind, a member of the Stale Commission of Immigration and Housing was appointed as State Council of Defense has been organized in fifty-four counties of tlie State. School superintendents, board members and teachers have served on committees or actively co-operated. The State Board of Education financed the Department throughout and in every way aided its undertakings. Special thanks are due the Commissioner of Elementary Schools, Dr. M. S. McNaught, who rendered indefatigable and expert service as its first chairman. In 1917 the Education Department joined with the Department of Child Welfare — Miss Evelyn Stoddart, Chairman — in an endeavor to protect the children of California from the forces of disintegration which the nations longer in the war had found seriously menacing education and juvenile well-being. To this end, a circular letter and 'itiuestionnaire were prepared and sent to all Education and Child Welfare county chairmen — for distribution by them to all school districts. This questionnaire and "follow-up" letters to individuals, from five to fourteen each, sought to get the facts about school en- rollment, number of children out of school, number at work, the 46 extent to which war conditions were forcing children to work, the "leakage" between elementary and high schools, and certain other matters. In forty-six counties this investigation was carried on by county and district workers. The returns were most illuminating, and the interest aroused and problems revealed will result in continued effort. Practically all teachers reached responded "yes" to the questions. "Will you make an effort to keep in touch with the children who leave school before they are sixteen, that plans may be made for their return to school when practicable?" As was anticipated, the impossibility of getting by volunteer methods accurate statistical information concerning the children of the State demonstrated the imperative need for remedial legislation. Because of difficulties in organization ten counties, including the two largest cities, were not fully covered. The most strenuous effort in other counties left some "blanks." The following statistical returns of the questionnaire are most useful as an index of conditions : Three thousand seven hundred and sixty-seven children between six and sixteen were reported out of school. Three thousand two hundred and twenty children between six and sixteen were reported as so irregular in attendance as to be unable to do effective work. One thosand nine hundred and fourteen children between twelve and sixteen, graduates of elementary schools, were reported as not attending high school. Six hundred and twenty-nine children between six and sixteen seemed "forced out of school and into work by the necessities of their families." Many districts had migratory "seasonal" workers whose chil- dren's education was a most uncertain quantity. In many districts groups of foreign born were not fully reached by the forces of Education and Americanization. In general, this State-wide survey conducted by the Education and Child Welfare Departments in 1917-1918 demonstrated several things: First, that numbers of children were out of school; second, that the exact number was not kno^\Ti in various districts or coun- ties — consequently not in the State; third, that no means exist under the present laws for accurately determining this vital matter. School attendance records are based on school enrollment. There is a gap of unknown proportions between school enrollment and the total population of children of school age. Fourth, the most elaborate and conscientious volunteer effort can get only approximate results in any form of statistics. If it is important that the state should have accurate accounting of its richest assets — its children — then the state must provide an adequate legal system for the purpose. The methods used in Alameda County are of permanent sug- gestive value and certain results there obtained indicated the need of specilic legislation. In Oakland, Alameda County, with the assistance of the At- tendance OfScer of the Oakland Board of Education, and the 47 Woman's Army, a real school attendance census of children up to the age of eighteen was carried out. The Board of Education fur- nished the blanks, and the expert advice for their "make-up;" the Woman's Army furnished the house-to-house volunteer service, "Lieutenants" visiting the households, reporting back to their "Cap- tains," the "Captains" to their "Majors," and they in turn to the "Commander-in-Chief." She, again with the assistance of the School Attendance Ofificer, compiled at once some of the results. Tfiis compilation of all the items is still going on in the School Ofifice. One of the Blanks is hereto appended. Publicity was generously given the Drive by both the news- papers and the Moving Picture Theaters. One of the "slogans" shown on the screens in the Theaters read : "kp:ep our children in school." LTncle Sam knows how many mules there are in Oakland. He does not know how many children there are in Oakland. Will you help him find out? A house-to-house Canvass by the Woman's Army will begin next week. Give all the help you can. Some of the results follow: In Oakland, May, 1918. Boys and Girls from 14-18 years of age not in school — 1802. Reasons for leaving school (percentages) — Economic Necessity 33% Failure, Dissappointment in School, etc 10% Sickness 10% Parents' Wish, Business Opportunity, etc. . . .31% [Jnknown and Miscellaneous 16% 100% Character of Work now engaged in (percentages) — Errands, Delivery, etc 4% Public Service Corporations 6% Office, Mercantile, Retail 19% Electrical, Mechanical, Factory ,ete 32% Housework, Dressmaking, Laundry, etc 10% Miscellaneous 9% Unknown, or Temporarily Out 13% Not working at all 7% 100% This remarkable liouse-to-house canvass revealed many curious and significant things ; that about 60 per cent of the children under 18 in Oakland are of foreign birth or have foreign born parents; that 1,051 fathers could not read or write English ; that 1,249 mothers could not read or Avrite English ; that 560 fathers could not read or write any language: that 600 mothers could not read or write any language. Fifteen native born Californians were found who could not read or write any language yet had children under 18. The need of continued and extended Americanization work was demonstrated. Also the need of stronger school attendance laws and stricter enforcement. The statistics for children from 14' to 18 show conclusively the need for more Continuation schools and for legis- lation that will make effective the opportunities for Continuation schools and pai't time now afforded by the Smith-Hughes law. All children should ])e located and their educational status ascertained. All cliildren between eight and fifteen should be estab- lished or re-established in school— likewise all children between eight and sixteen who have not completed required grades. The schools should readjust their material and methods to meet vocational needs. All children and youths between eight and eighteen — or even twenty- one — should be occupied in a way that affords real educational ad- vancement, and promise for a prosperous future. During the Recon- struction period, many problems concerning laboi- will be perplexing. One phase, however, seems perfectly clear. It will be for the best interests of the individual and the state if all young people under eighteen — or twenty-one — promptly leave their "jobs" for adult workers and return to school until they have been thoroughly trained in some skilled occupation. Much attention and help will be re- quired to accomplish this; if it is not accomplished the labor market will be needlessly congested and hundreds of boys and girls drift along into the hopeless future of the unskilled. The official bulletin of the State Department of Education — the Blue Bulletin — has been used to explain and circulate accounts of the activities of the Women's Committee of the State Council of Defense since its organization. This Bulletin reaches every super- intendent, high school, elementary school, and school trustee dn the state. Two text-book bulletins entitled "War Citizenship Les- sons for the Elementary Schools" have been prepared by Dr. ]\Ic- Naught and issued by the Board of Education. The following sub- jects are treated in these bulletins and are taught to the children as regular school lessons : Part 1. "The Cause of the War." "What America Fights For." "The Service of Boys and Girls." Part 2. "The Flag." "Food Production." "Food and the War." "Physical Fitness for Citizenship." In 1917, a plan for providing "war scholarships" was insti- tuted — giving children forced to earn because of war conditions a wage-equivalent and keeping them in school. In one city about 49 $500,00 was raised for this purpose and between fifteen and twenty children kept in school. Others were aided in other ways and in co- operation with other agencies. Systematic efforts were made by conference and letters to impress young women with the importance and opportunity of trained lead- ership — and a consequent desire to enter normal schools, nurses' training schools, technical schools, and colleges. Because maximum efficiency in school work is manifestly in- dispensable for national welfare during war and reconstruction periods, all Education chairmen were asked to assist actively in safeguarding school funds and securing substantial increase in school support. The schools have done notable war work for the Junior Red Cross, for Americanization, for War Gardens, and for patriotic "drives." These activities have meant splendid opportunities for service, to which the entire school force has loyally responded; they have also meant increased financial obligations. Moreover, increased cost of supplies of all sorts, of repairs, of janitor service, etc., has seriously embarrassed school budgets. Teachers' salaries have un- fortunately remained stationary and this in turn has caused diffi- culty — and shortage in some most needed lines (especially voca- tional), because the school boards could not possibly compete with other employers offering greatly increased remuneration — in some instances twice the maximum salary that the school could offer. It is the hope of all dexjartments of the Women's Committee of the State Council of Defense that after the demobilization of the Committee their work may be perpetuated by permanent State departments or be assured by legislation. The State Department of Education is in full accord with the committee's patriotic and social service aims and purposes. Excellent legislative measures are now pending that will meet many of the needs above indicated : amendments to the Compulsory Attendance law ; a proposed law re- quiring a complete registration of all children and youth under twenty-one; a measure providing for compulsory education in part time, or continuation schools for all minors between fourteen and eighteen not attending full time schools ; a measure requiring in- struction in reading, writing and speaking the English language and in American Citizenship for all minors under twenty-one : several supremely important measures for the increase of state and county school funds. By actively supporting these measures and helping to eiiforce them the education workers of the Women's Committee of the State Council of Defense can carry forward into the period of Recon- struction and into the future of the children and of the State the helpful service for democracy and humanity that has actuated them during the critical years of the War. 50 EDUCATIONAL PROPAGANDA Mrs. Mii.a Tupper Mayna^rd^ Chairman Mrs. J. C. Crawford, Yire-Choirman This Department, in line with a Committee of the National Woman's Committee, was organized to secure a more detailed and complete knowledge of the history back of the war, the issues and principles involved in the struggle, and the enlarging ideals growing out of the supreme conflict. It was felt that the many activities of the war must not crowd out efforts to make plain to every man, woman and child the nature of the German Government, its world- wide conspiracy against the freedom of mankind, and the tremendous cause for which the Allies were fighting. Complete co-operation in all activities could only come from an almost universal understanding of the enormous results for weal or for woe that would follow success or failure in that momentou.; upheaval. The work of the Department has fallen under the following lines : lecture bureaus A group of speakers, fitted by experience as students and speak- ers to discuss the more fundamental background issues of the war, were listed. Under the State Organization there were two chief centers for this work — Los Angeles and San Francisco. In each of the Counties and in many of the cities and towns, similar groups of lecturers were enlisted. Through a bulletin, four thousand copies of which were dis- tributed throughout the State, the names and addresses of these lecturers were given and arrangements made with them direct. It is impossible, therefore, to give accurately the number of lectures delivered under this head, but conservatively estimated, the number of lectures delivered in person by our enlisted speakers would be fully five hundred. Subjects assigned to these lecturers were not miscellaneous in character, but covered the carefully planned survey of the big issues at stake. One series dealt with the German Peril. Other typical topics were "Poetry Born of the "War," "Psychology of the War," "What We Owe to English Freedom," "By-Products of the War," etc, MAJSrUSCRTPT LECTURES The most original and widely effective work developed by the Department was a bureau for the circulation of manuscript lectures suitable for use in women's clubs, community centers, Red Cross ]\Iectings, and in similar gatherings. The need was felt for material which could be depended upon as authoritative. Forty-three lectures were thus listed, all of them well adapted to popular delivery as well as "full of meat." Card catalogues and filing systems were developed. These lectures were sent at the time required, . . 51 . . Much appreciation of this work has been expressed and the work has been growing rapidly. About fifty clubs are depending upon this bureau for their programs, some of them for their year's work. The demand has come from Canada, Nevada and Arizona, as well as in California. SUMMER SCHOOLS A request was sent out by the Department to all Summer Schools held by Colleges and Normal Schools, urging fullest emphasis upon war topics. At the request of the University of California, speakers were supplied by this Department for a course of lectures in the Los Angeles Summer School. In this, and in every Summer School, outlines were supplied for public speaking, history and English classes, In a Los Angeles Summer night school two classes were carried on by this Department — one dealing with the History and Literature of the War, the other in public speaking on war topics. Students took both courses and, as a result, eighteen new speakers were added to the number available in Los Angeles for the various war drives. Some fifty others, besides these, were members of the classes. WORK THROUGH THE SCHOOLS Through the "Sierra Educational News," a list of war speakers for graduation papers and orations was sent to all the teachers in the State. Three thousand outlines, suitable for College and High school use, Avere distributed among the teachers. The Chairman of the Department has been supplying the edi- torials for the Los Angeles School War Work Paper and has been able in this way to suggest the topics most suitable for emphasis from month to month. COMMUNITY COUNCn.S Much has been done to co-operate in arousing an interest in Community Council efforts. County Superintendents were circular- ized, urging their co-operation in this work. The National pamphlets on the Councils were distributed widely throughout the State. CO-OPERATION WITH COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC INFORMATION To push the material supplied by the Committee on Public In- formation has seemed an important part of our work. All County and Local Chairmen were sent packages of the National order blanks and the catalogue of publications, for distribution, preferably in house-to-house visits. Large quantities of the panipldets were constantly on display and for distribution in the State Headquarters. Scores of people came to this source for supplies, daily. The Allied War Exposition gave a great opportunity. This Committee was placed in full charge of the distrilmtion of the mate- rials supi)lied Iw the Committee on Public Information, and One Hundred Thousand cards and catalogues were distributed at its Headquarters. Well-informed attendants made this distribution oc- 52 casion for conversation regarding facts and issues of the war. All Southern California was in this way reached by the publications of the Government. At the State Fair and in five other fairs or expositions, a similar work was done. pIjAns for future w^ork What can be done for the future remains to be seen. Possi- bilities show in all directions and it is greatly to be hoped that some instrumentality will be found for the continuation of one depart- ment especially — Manuscript Lecture Bureau. The call has already begun for prepared lectures on Reconstruction problems. This, we have tried to meet promptly through matter appearing in newspaper supplements and the general press. Two hundred and twenty-five articles have already been sent out to clubs. These have dealt with Secretary Lane's plans for giving land to returned soldiers; the new post truck parcel post system and a discussion of methods now in operation in Great Britain. These will be followed by pamphlets now ordered, giving several views regarding the "League of Nations." One of these is by Vis- count Grey and anotlier — "A New Charter of Liberty," by Darwin P. Kingsley, President of the New York Life Insurance Company. Whatever we shall be able to obtain also on material tending to give a sympathetic knowledge of the Allied Nations will also be forwarded to all clubs on our list. The possibilities of usefulness involved in the supplying mate- rial for clubs and groups in isolated places are unlimited. Some instrumentality must be discovered for perpetuating this phase of the department work. FOOD ad:\iinistration IVTrs. Robert J. Burdette, Chairnuin The Food Administration commenced its activities in California in June, 19] 7, when ]\lr. Ralph P. Merritt, afterwards the Food Ad- ministrator for the State, was appointed one of Mr. Ploover's ten assistants. The State organization was not perfected until August after the Food Bill was signed by Congress. However, the first activity of the Food Administration in California was the Food Pledge Campaign which was carried on by the Women's Committee in July — 43,499 signatures being secured. In the organization of the State Food Administration work made in August there were two departments for women, the Women's Conservation Section and the Department of Household Economics. The burden of Food Conservation for the State was placed upon the Women's Committee as the Women's Conservation Section M^as the Food Conservation Committee of the Women's Committee. Miss Ethel Moore of Oakland was appointed head of the Women's Con- servation Section. She acted as the connecting link between the Food Administration and the women of California as represented 53 by the Women's Committee, until November 27th, 1917, when the entire State Food Administration system was reorganized. On December 7, 1917, Mrs. Robert J. Burdette was appointed as the head of the Board of Women's Activities in Food Con- servation with the title of Chairman of Women's Work in Food Conservation. The Women's Committee immediately appointed her Chairman of the Department of Food Administration. When the Chairman assumed the duties of her office on Decem- ber 9, 1917, she immediately began a survey of the State in order to find women in each County who might direct the food conservation work among women. Correspondence was carried on with the County Chairmen of the Women's Committee, asking for the names of women who had been interested in food conservation, and seeking in various ways to find the outstanding woman in each county and each large city who might be appointed as Woman Director of Food Conservation, and thus establish a transmission line between the Food Administration and the Householders of the State who are the ultimate consumers. The Chairman of Department of Food Administration served as one of the Commissioners on a par with the men of the State Food Administration staff so the Woman Director of each county or city served on an equality with the men Administrators who were appointed to look after the licensing. The Food Administrator and the Woman Director together were responsible for the food con- servation work of their respective unit. There was also in these units, the necessity of expert and tech- nical training through Home Economics which was to be extended by the Home Economics Chairman with a Demonstrating Agent from the Agricultural Department of the State University, an accurate and scientific knowledge of methods of food conservation was to be given. Both of these were to co-operate with the Woman Director, whose duty it was to find groups of women who desired instruction and contact them with these important educational features. The duties of the Women Directors were outlined in a letter on December 20, 1917, as follows: (a) Exert a leadership in matters of Food Conservation and waste elimination, co-operating with all existing agencies in her locality. (b) Send out information, cards and instructions which from time to time reach her from the Food Administration office, and to keep this office informed as to the educational needs of her particular unit. (c) Receive and transmit complaints of consumers, verifying the same, to act as a clearing house between the Food Administration and the consumers and the householders and the women interested in food conservation. Seeing the necessity of blanketing the entire territory for the particular work of Conservation, the Women Directors were in- structed to appoint in each City and in each rural district and school district a Woman Chairman of Food Conservation, who reported to the Woman Director of the County. These Chairmen in each unit 54 were to receive all inforination, instruction, literature and direction as to policy from the Woman Director for the unit and to report in turn to the Woman Director who appointed them. Early in January a Proclamation was issued by the Governor of the State and sent to the teachers in the public schools asking them to use not less than five minutes each INIonday morning to give in- struction and information concerning Food Conservation, and sug- gesting that teachers of grammar and high schools require of their pupils prepared essays on the subject of Food Conservation, the same to be read before their classes. A pamphlet was prepared in the Food Administration office giving the outlines of these talks for teachers, and sent to approximately eleven thousand teachers, thus making California the first State in the Union to put Food Conservation unofficially on the school curriculum through the en- dorsement of the State Department of Education, which printed the Governor's Message on the first page of the Bulletin, the official school organ. January 29th the Women Directors were furnished with copies of this pamphlet and instructions were sent them to co-operate with the teachers and see that the mothers in the home had the same information as the children in the schools, thus greatly increasing the efficiency of this effort. Further suggestions were made to the Women Directors that all information be sent to their County Chairmen either by personal letters, mim.eographed letters, printed matter, or through any other means that they might choose for carrying to the ultimate consumer the last word. Suggestions were also made to get together small groups of women for the purpose of intimate explanation of the desire of the Food Administration. Suggestions were made also that Pastors of foreign-spealdng congregations be urged to talk Food Conservation to their congre- gations, and that where there were large groups of foreign-speaking households, a woman be secured who spoke the language and that she interpret to them Food Conservation as applied to their par- ticular food-stuflPs, and that foreign newspapers be asked to print Food Conservation material, and space be secured in the weekly County papers for a direct message from the Woman Director. This, added to the co-operation with all existing agencies, such as Women's Organizations, Churches, Schools, Libraries, Boy Scouts, Fraternal Orders, Relief and Aid Societies, Farm Bureaus, and Civic Organizations, made the complete machinery for reaching each and every consumer of food-stuffs. In January a report was made at Mr. Merritt's request to be embodied in his report to Washington, and it outlined the policy being pursued to build up a strong and efficient Women's Oganiza- tion ; recognizing the fact that food production, food industries, food distribution and food regulation can be controlled by rules and regulations more or less fixed, but that food conservation is a vol- untary act of the individual and must be approached by educational and psychological methods. 55 It being desirable that the field of education be enlarged as rapidly as possil)le, letters of suggestion and information, and literature sent to the Women Directors were also sent to the Executive Board of the Women's Committee of the National and State Coun- cils of Defense, Presidents of the State organizations composing the Women's Committee, the Chairmen of the Departments and Com- mittees constituting the State Women's Committee, these being sent for their information. Early February was given to personal addresses on the develop- ment of the "War-conscience" before mass meetings, before clubs, and at every opportunity that would create intelligent interest. During the month stationery was provided for the Women Directors ; War Service Hoover Luncheons were instituted throughout the State, thus bringing together representatives of various war activities in which women were taking part, to the end that there might be a closer co-operation. There was also emphasized the Wheat! ess Mondays and Wednesdays, Porkless Tuesdays and Saturdays and Meatless meals, together with various specific directions and sug- gestions as to methods of carrying on the work. March was given to further perfection of the organization. Many public addresses were given, notably before the Council of Defense, on Mobilization of the Household, March 22nd, and before the California Development Board. March 26th a conference was called in San Francisco Head- quarters of County and City Women Directors. -Forty Women re- sponded to the call. There were addresses made by the heads of the various Departments of the Food Administration, outlining their work, and every effort was made to increase the breadth of vision as to the interests served and the importance of their work, and the way all might co-operate. At this conference Mr. Merritt gave a Avonderfully inspiring talk and the Women Directors were impressed with their official position and the seriousness with which they must execute the duties which they were asked to perform. From. March to the present date, the outstanding activities of the Women Directors might be tabulated as an intensive drive for conservation of wheat by substitution; notably, the potato drive, a drive for the use of green vegetables, and the beginning of an educational campaign for conservation of sugar, especially in the canning of fruit with little or no sugar. In July the Women Directors were asked to become responsible for the issuing of permits for sugar for canning. This greatly en- larged the organization as it was necessary to have these permits issued with exact care in every community. About twelve hundred women assisted in this service and the continuance of it until November 9th was the largest specific piece of work done by the v.x-men of this organization during the entire year. The Women Directors assisted the Pood Administrators in build- ing up a series of mass meetings covering the entire State which were to carry on an educational campaign under the Speakers' Bureau. 56 Following that was the preparation for the delivery of the new home cards and v^indow cards which were to be delivered m person to each honschohhT. This required the building up of a precinct organization, in which about twelve tliousand women were to take part This was interrupted by the signing of the Armistice. Th.> last important work of the Women Directors was the co- operative preparation for World Relief Week, December 2nd to 7th. The Women Directors were called to San Francisco m con- ference, September 26th and November 22nd, for specific instruc- tion and much of it was given in the joint meeting of the Food Administrators and the Women Directors, thus finally bringing about a more perfect understanding and co-operation. The confer- ence of September 2Cth was to receive specific instructions concern- ino- the new food program for the coming year, together with in- formation gathered on the world's food condition and our relation to it. The conference of November 22nd was a preparation for the activities of World Relief Week. GIRLS' WAR SERVICE Miss Auce Moore, Chairman, to April, 1918 Mjss Harkiette Rohbins, Chairman, November, 1918, to date The Girls' War Service Committee is composed of the State Chairman and two Vice-Chairmen representing the North and South respectively, and rcipresentatives of organizations promoting war service among girls. The function of the Committee is, first, as a medium through which information may be obtained and through which all forms of information relating to girls' service, suggestions, and help may reach all communities in the (^ounty. Hence the first duty of the Chairmen for Girls' War Service in the County is the securing of information from the communities in the County through the use of the questionnaires wliich are a part of the printed folder sent out. Second: To further all lines of Girls' War Service wherever it can lie of help. This will l)c. in many cases, simply a matter of co- operation with other organizations. The Junior Red Cross has ac- complished in such a splendid way the stimulation and carrying on of actual war service in the schools that in many instances the help of the Committee will not be needed among school girls, from the point of view of actually stimulating hand service. There ^vill be many groups of girls not in school who will need to be directed in war service. The Committee will work with other organizations such as the Red Cross, etc., to bring to the attention of all girls the need for their work. Third: To recognize the importance of directing girls' activities and thought toward standards that need to be emphasized in war time. This is important even in places far remote from training camps. The Committee is preparing suggestions for leaders of girls' groups including plans for girls' clubs, information regarding girls' organizations, suggestions for talks, and discussion in groups of girls, and various plans that will be helpful to those who wish to 57 inspire and help girls to be their best at this time. Many groups of girls all over the State are finding the Patriotic League pledge a power in emphasizing character standards, and strengthening tlie desire to be faithful in hand service. Since the Patriotic League is not an organization, it can be used in any or- ganized group of girls, or in schools as a means of interpreting to the girls the importance of character standards as a form of patriotism and the relationship of character to Patriotic service. Patriotic addresses have been given by the State Chairman in a number of High Schools and Private Schools, and the response from girls has been quite wonderful. The present Girls' War Service Chairman was appointed in November, 1918, after the position had been vacant for six months, and after the Women's Committee of the State Council of Defense was already looking forward to disbanding in the near future. A circular letter was sent to all County Chairmen, including a Questionnaire on the number of Patriotic Leagues in the County and the agencies equipped to do work for girls in the County. Responses of some sort were received from the following counties : Alameda, Kings, Marin, Nevada, Orange, Sacramento, San Bernar- dino, Stanislaus, Trinity and Ventura. Five of these counties seem to be of a somewhat similar kind as indicated by the reports, — with a scattered population and no permanent organization doing work for girls. These are : Kings, Marin, Nevada, Stanislaus and Trinity. In Kings County four units of C/ampfire Girls have been enlisted in all kinds of patriotic work. Nevada C(tunty had only the Victory Girls of the United War Work Campaign to report. The largest town in Stanislaus County had a Young Women's Community Club which was engaged in patriotic activities. Trinity County reports the Junior Red Cross in the schools, and one unit of Campfire Girls. Sacramento and Ventura Counties both report active Junior Red Cross chapters. A Patriotic League was established in the Sacramento High School, but it was later merged with the Junior Red Cross. In Sfin Bernardino County a number of Patriotic Leagues were organized. There were six in Redlands, and four in San Bernardino, and in both those ])laces they have now been converted into the Girl R( serves of the Y. W. C. A., so their future activities are cared for. ]n Ontario a Patriotic League was established in the high school with four hundred members. The Alameda County Chairman reports a large girls' club in Oakland organized under the War Camp Community Service. They use thi' Patriotic League pledge as a basis and have had a program including patriotic and community features. The Oakland Y. W. C. A. has taken over several Patriotic Leagues as Girl Reserves, also. Orange County has no permanent organization for girls, but their Girls' War Service League of Santa Ana sends a most inter- esting report, covering fifteen different activities which the girls of that town have engaged in to assist in the war work. 58 HEALTH AND RECREATION Miss Julia George, Chairman From the beorinning our work presented two main lines of activity : (a) ProtectiA'e work for girls. (b) Educational work in Social Hygiene. (a) rrotecti\e work for girls: Heedless and wayward girls flocked to the four main camp communities lured by the desire for amusement; by advertisements that promised easy work and "big money;" by the invitations of soldier friends; by the urging of some friend who had preceded them. Most of them came from small towns or from farms. They had little education, no special training. In most cases they left home against the wishes of their fainilies. When we met them they were beginning to drift into loose ways and to present individual prob- lems. Where possible, j^arents v/ere seen and persuaded to be recon- ciled to the absence of the daughter. Some families lived in other states. Some of the things learned fbout the homes were the following: Too much strictness; a nagging father, w^ho scolded at every- thing ; a father dead and the mother remarried ; utter lack of under- standing between the girl and tlie parents, with constant criticism upon each one's part; too many small brothers and sisters, whose caretaker the girl was forced to be; loneliness; too much dishwash- ing; quarrelling parents; father a drunkard; engaged to soldiers without consent or knowledge of the parents; desire to become pro- fessional entertainers opposed; Avrong ideas gathered from novels and movies; no i)roper recreation. In every case, the family relationship was disturbed. We know that under such conditions immorality may occur as merely misdirected natural instinct. The girls felt the dull tameness of the houu^ life, the lack of an understanding and sympathizing person in their life to adjust themselves to life's com- plexities. They heard coiistantly of that wonderful life within the camp communities, in which joy, excitement, dances, bright lights, laughter, soldiers, were ever present and within grasp. They could not resist the temptation and went away, later finding themselves stranded in a strange community. Most of the girls were untrained. To keep them out of the unskilled class, every etfort was made to train them and to put them into an occupation they would like, such as cashier, shampooer, clerk in department store, gymnastic teacher, swimming teacher, Avaitress. milliner at customers' houses, maker of children's dresses, stenography, maid in an officer's family, where the many army guests delighted her and gave her an incentive to do well. They were established in wholesome surroundings, with recreation and Red Cross activities for their leisure. In widely separated towns three home clubs undei' wise housemothers were patronized and became centers, where twelve lived and the rest came for much of their good times, to meet friends and to fill their lives with variety and color. 59 ivrany a character was steadied and trying crisis passed. After four or five months some were ready to return home contented and to take back a new spirit that changed the whole family outlook. A few were very perplexing problems, unwilling to hold a job, without habits of industry or discipline and somewhat handicapped mentally. Places wore found for them under supervision. Two of them have returned to their families and continue to embroider fine linens for a h^an Francisc shop. During the year and a half there were 185 girls with whom we came in contact. Seventy- live came from counties in Northern California; v^l from those in Southern California; 29 from other states; 40 were difficult to intlueiKe; 25 married; 17 disappeared (2 I recently found in San Diego in questionable surroundings, but have them now under my charge :n Sail Francisco) ; 170 were placed in positions; 35 were given special training; and $2,650 was spent in this piece of social service v/ork. (b) Social Hygiene: After an encouraging beginning, the cam- paign of lectures were interrupted by the influenza, but now will be resumed at once, gradually reacliing every County. The National Bureau is continuing to finance the work under a group of competent lecturers. The National Public Health Service assists by Issuing admirable pauiphlets, which will be distributed at the meetings. Partly by reason of contacts made through the girls, I have acquired a growing eonfidenial correspondence with anxious mothers eager to answer a daughter's questions, but now knowing how. Leaders of the Social Hygien-^ movement met in New York in honor of a French worker, Mme. de St. Croix. The conclusions of the conference were fonmdated and expressed in the following prin- ciples : That the singli- standard of morals should prevail for men and women. Tliat continence is compatible with health and intellectual vigor ('or both sexes. Tlunt men and women should serve together whenever possible on l)cdies whose functions concern the development and enforcement of moral standards. That prostitutes l)e not treated as a class apart from other women and that prostitution be not recognized as a trade. (Relates (\specially to foreign countries.) That all measures whether preventive or repressive concerned with social morality, apply impartially to men and women. That a simultaneous vigorous attack on venereal diseases should be made, and that the issues of public health and morals be thoroughly correlated. That sound sex educ;ition be incorporated into our entire educa- tional system in home, school, college, the church, and press. That social and economic adjustments granting to the individual decent living conditions ar;d adequate recreation are essential to progress in social mcrality. These adjustments including housing 60 conditions; indnstiial conditions including work and wages; and proper and sufficient recreational opportunities. The result w^s the appointment of an international committee. The Avar is barely over, but already we see wartime control of vice and liquor relaxing under civil authorities and realize more than ever that the nation's fight for the repression of prostitution and the education about venereal diseases is just begun and must grow into a big .social and economic movement backed by the United States Public Health Service and the Bureau of Social Hygiene, and pushed onward l)y every rightly thinking man and woman. HOME ECONOMICS Miss Charlotte Ebbetts, Chairman In fifty-two of the fifty-eight counties, there have been Chairmen of Home Economics teachers working in conjunction with the Count}' Chairmen in some places, and in others, with the Woman Director for Food Conservation. In thirty-four counties, there have been County Chairmen of Home Economics working for conservation of household agencies other than food. The accomplishments have been of the following type : 1. All over the State Vv'ithout asking aid from Washington, Standard recipes were revised to meet the need of conserving such foods as were called for by the Government, such as: Beef, Pork, fats, sugar and wheat. 2. Demonstrations involving the use of substitute foods were held in every school in which Domestic Science was taught — in stores, lialls, church basements, and in clubs. There was always in the be- ginning a large attendance of students and in many instances, of friends, parents and outsiders. 3. In six of the larger citii^s, notably Los Angeles, Santa Bar- bara, Fresno, San Jose, San Frnncisco and Berkeley, a definite as- sembly hall was provided. In Los Angeles the Women's Committee granted the use of its audience room to the County Chairman of Home Economics, IMiss Etta P. Flagg, who held weekly meetings for the Home Econondcs teachers of her district, and the public. Miss Flagg was ably assisted by the representative of the States Relation Service Department, Mrs. Hazzard. Demonstration Agent for Los Angeles County. In San Francisco, under the leadership of Mrs. M. Silverberg a two months' Institute of Cookery was held in the Audience Hall of the Emporium Department Store. These meetings were always well attended, and much interest shown, by women from all stations of society. In all other towns afore mentioned there was similar work going on and it was not long before each county, with the exception of those not having Home Economics taught in the schools, had instituted work of instruction. Washington sent out several official women demonstrators, who traveled over the state, and gave food talks and demonstrations on the use of foods not commonly used ; such as cheese, fish, etc. In 61 each instance they were assisted by the County Chairman of Home Economics, the Woman Director, or Home Demonstration Agent, in the engaging of the assembly hall, advertising, etc. 4. IMiieh interest was given to Food Conservation work by the many posters, and slogans originated by school children under the guidance of the Home Economics teachers. In those counties where there was a large foreign population, recipes were translated from English into their respective tongues. Occasionally the demonstrator was able to use their language when demonstrating. Food Centers or Bureaus were established in many towns, often under the combined administration of the Home Economics Chair- man, the County Chairmen of the Women's Committee and the Woman Director of Food Conservation. There were three distinct Food Drives this year; in March it was discovered by the Food Administration there was going to be a shortage of wheat for home consumption and there being a liberal production of potatoes, this starch was advocated to replace wheat starch in the diet. Every type of publicity was resorted to, to make the Potato popular, by Posters, Slogans, Essays, Newspaper Articles, Playlets in Schools, dressed up Shop Windows, verses, rhymes, recipes, demonstrations and the like. That "Dame Spud" became the idol of the hour was testified to by the shortage in supply, which necessitated the importation of potatoes from Oregon and Idaho, before the Summer was half over. The Second Drive was in the use of Green Vegetables and Fruits to replace meat in the diet. Thus was offered a market for the home-grown vegetables and products of the War-gardens, so extensively planted in the Spring in response to an appeal from Washington. Again there were hun- dreds of recipes, menus, pamphlets, etc., compiled, and many talks given on the efficiency of green vegetables in the diet, particularly for children on account of the minerals and vitamens in the com- position. In the beginning of the Summer it was known by the Food Administration there would be a shortage of sugar, hence the need to arouse the attention of the people again to a particular need of saving. Washington realized an enormous amount of fruit would go to waste, if not preserved during the Summer months, then began the Drive on the use of Sugar Substitutes, such as corn sugar, and syrup, honey, glucose, molasses, etc. Few believed at first, that fruit could be preserved without the use of Sugar. This necessitated the compilation of much material on "Preserving without Sugar," ''Sugarless" Recipes, "Use of Sugar Substitutes," etc. Also, teaHi- ing the underlying principles of what caused spoliation of food and how to prevent by sterilization. Thus education was combined with practical work. Directions were sent out for developing methods of: 1. Forming "Canning" Centers and Clubs. 2. Of what materials to use and how. 3. Of distribution of products. The result of this work was: 62 1. The saving of thousands of pounds of fruit which otherwise would have gone to waste. 2. Providing luxuries for sick soldiers through the Red Cross and Canteen Service. 3. By accumulating a large supply of food for winter use, when fresh foods would be at a minimum. 4. By assisting the Government to hold a food product — Sugar — which played a vital part in the energy-producing power of her sol- diers overseas. Parallel w^ith the Sugar Conservation work of adults, was the C'hildren's Pledge-work in "Sugar-Saving" — they promising not to eat much candy or ice cream. Just after the Mills College Conference of the Women's Com- mittee, a letter was received from the Secretary of the Bureau of Biological Survey, United States Department of Agriculture, en- closing a circular letter from Mr. Hoover asking that a plan for the extermination of Rats and Squirrels be pushed as a measure towards Food Saving. A copy of this letter and sample "Rat Poster" was sent to each County Chairman of "Home Economics" asking if bothered with pests in her district, would she place posters in a conspicuous place ? The order from some counties for the Posters w^as as high as five hundred, and many counties called for two and three hundred. These orders were sent to Washington and considered so excellent, the following letter was sent out from Washington : December 4, 1918. "Miss Charlotte P. Ebbetts, San Francisco, Calif. Dear Madam: We take pleasure in forwarding the posters to those addresses as requested. Am glad to learn that active interest is being aroused in the matter of exterminating these serious pests. As we consider this a most important undertaking, w^e shall be glad to assist you in every possible way in furthering interest and active participation in the work of organized community movements for the destruction of these pests. (Signed) E. W. Nelson, Chief of Bureau." Based upon experience in dealing with the food situation, and the ability of the average housewife to meet the emergencies incident to War conditions, the following suggestions are offered : 1. That as Food is the basic substance of life — both from a living and working standpoint, it becomes the solemn duty of every man and woman (especially the latter who have the care of the family entrusted to them), to learn something of the nature of food. 2. That the women of the State through the ballot or other- wise, should demand, that every child be given at least one year of Food Study in the school curriculum. 63 8. That every woman would find life moves easier, more know- ingly and economically, if she took up a study of the various phases of Home Economics in order to learn how to make and how to detect adulterations ; how to sew ; how to spend ; how to feed herself and family properly, and gain all the other helpful knowledge embraced under this most comprehensive subject. DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION AND LIBRARY SERVICE ]\Ibs. Frances M. Carlton-Harmon, Chairman (NOTE: — This is practically a combined report of the Chair- man of Information and Library Service and of the Library Publicity Director for California, for the Food Administration; both offices being held by the same person, the work for both conducted and directed from the State Office of the Women's Committee and with its co-operation and assistance. The County Chairmanships for both departments were also vested in the same individuals.) As its Committee of Information and Library Service, the 3,000 libraries of California have operated as an arm of the Defense Council work. A Library Center was established in each County, and the County Chairmen of the Women's Committees of the Council of Defense were asked to appoint the librarians who were administering those centers, as County Chairmen of Information and Library Service. In addition to these County Chairmen were 114 municipal units, many of them having their own branches, and with whom the State Chairman Avas in communication and who received similar directions to those sent out to the County Chairmen. Besides these, the scliool libraries, and the private and sub- scription libraries lirought the whole system up to a combination of some 3,000 units. The County Chairmen and Local Unit Chairmen kept up the active service of the Department, receiving directions monthly or oftener, and responding in reports from time to time with evidences of accomplishment. The California librarians were the first to be organized as a Committee of any State Council of Defense, and California's plan found immediate endorsement and recommendation by the National Council through the States' Relations Committee. It was, also, per- haps the first (committee fully organized in the California Women's Committee. This quick mobilization would not have been possible except for the uniform organization of the County Library System of California. Wherever the County Library obtained, the librarian was the ready-made County Chairman, the working unit of the organization. It has been the aim of the Department, through its united librarians to advertise the jieeds of the Government and put into circulation the Government publications, supplementing them with all available material possible and making all such material easily accessible and attractive. There have been distributed throughout the State for reference use, 800,000 pieces of printed matter, includ- 64 ing bulletins issued bj^ the Food Administration, the Committee on Public Information, the Department of Agriculture, and various l)r;mches of the National and State War organizations. Had it been possible to obtain for California enough copies for popidar distribuMo'}}, the lilirarians were organized and ready to do this work, and in so far as material was availble, they have per- formed it; as it is, the national messages have found their way into the remotest corners of the State. Thirty- five issues of Food Administration Posters and cards liave been sent to libraries, totaling 90,000. Besides these, six other posters have been distributed to the number of 2,000; 27 circular letters have been sent and 600 individual letters. The bulletins dis- tributed have covered 148 separate publications. The Department has featured and advertised Food Conservation (which developed into Food Administration propaganda). Liberty Loan drives, the Food Pledge Campaigns, Was Risk Insurance, In- come Tax, Red Cross Work and the Children's Year, and has fur- thered Training Camp Activities, especially the Campaign for Money and Books for the Camp libraries. It has held various meetings of librarians, notably those arranged for the Washington repre- sentative of library service. Two hundred librarians attended those meetings. In March the Chairman attended a Convention of the Sixth District of the California Librarians at Camp Kearny, and gave a paper upon the War Work for Librarians. And in June, she at- tended the Convention week of the California Library Association at Del Monte and took part in the War Program, there meeting County Chairmen from all over the State and having 123 different interviews with individual librarians in regard to their special prob- lem. In September she presented a report to the Women's Committee at the Mills College Conference. Rxhibits have been planned for over 200 libraries, and material for exhibition sent to the California Federation of Women's Clubs Convention, held in Oakland; to the California Library Association Convention in Del Monte ; to the American Library Association, Saratoga Springs, New York, and local exhibits for various Fairs and Conventions have been featured by the librarians. Lectures and community meetings have been arranged, and in over 100 libraries of the State, exhibits were held regularly and continually. The Director of the Allied War Exposition saw fit to commend and to request that a special detailed report be made upon the ex- hibit of the diversified though united work of the Women's Com- mittee that was presented at the Exposition in Los Angeles, in order that similar displays might be arranged in other places where the Allied War Exposition was shown. This new line of activity, its success and perhaps its deficiencies, led to the permanent and portable panel group shown at the State Fair in September. It was designed as a graphic organization chart of the Women's Committee, intended to serve as a background for the display of local Committees at Fairs and Land Shows. 65 After many vicissitudes, due to the negligence of the Express (^)mpany, the P^xJiibit was shown at the Ventura County Fair and at the Los Angeles Liberty Fair. At the present writing, it hangs in the lobby of the State Agricultural Building in Los Angeles. It consists of fifteen hand-painted panels, five feet by seven. Card catalogs of the California Library System, segregated into county organization, municipal, school and subscription libraries, with branches noted and apportionment of literature indicated, have been made. Copies of this catalog have been furnished the National Food Administration for C!alifornia, State Council of Defense, Natfon- al Department of Child Welfare and the Committee on Public In- formation, as a direct mailing list, and others are in process of preparation for other sources of supplies. Librarians have stood in readiness to lend their expert help to writers and speakers in their communities, and have featured all war literature of a stimulating nature. In the meantime, every effort has been made to preserve for historical reference, all publications, posters, etc., that have been brought out because of the war. The classified file of pamphlets, etc., represent 4200 separate pieces. Some of these were obtained for special reference use, but the great bulk came in day by day in the regular course of business. Two thousand of these pieces are concerned with Production or Conservation, the remainder with the various other activities of the Defense Council's work. Posters, because of the inconvenience of filing, have been sent, from time to time, to the State Library for preservation. The Federal Food Administration was quick to recognize the value of library pu})licity and has placed upon the staff of each State Administrator a Library Educational Director. In this State the Chairman of Information and Library Service is also that Library Educational Director of the Food Administration. It sounds like real California brag to assert that we have kept well ahead of the field in all our library activities, but it is nevertheless true, and we have received no suggestions up to date save those to which we have been able to make reply, "We have been doing that for months." Lest this should seem vainglorious, this quotation from a letter from the Washington Food Administration office is given: "I am continually filled with admiration at the versatility and the effectiveness with which the library campaign is conducted in California. "I think I told yon before how much the California people here appreciate your reports and how proud they are of the the library work which is done in California." The plan of co-operation with the Food Administration is as follows : Each Library was asked to assign a definite space for the period of the war for a Food Conservation Section, The following uses of this space were suggested : 66 1. Bulletin Boards — One Bulletin Board to be reserved for food facts, and only timely, up-to-date material to be posted. 2. Books — Have on shelves a permanent collection of books on Food Production and Conservation, these not to circulate, in order that they may be at any time accessible to any one wanting the information. 3. Magazines — Attention is to be called to articles appearing in current magazines, bearing on the Food Problem. 4. Pamphlets — Have on hand, pamphlets issued by the United States or State Governments and all valid information to be obtained, regardless of its sources. 5. Recipes — Start a file of economical recipes featuring local food products, 6. Lectures — "Where a library has an auditorium, see that it is used as frequently as possible by speakers talking on the food prob- lem. When practicable, have food demonstrations. 7. Exhibitions — Arrange for exhibitions to arrest attention and arouse interest with the idea of following up with information of more constructive and permanent value. 8. Advertising — Ask for space in any food show or State Fair for a Library booth in order to demonstrate to tTie public the Library's possibilities as an information bureau. 9. School Co-operation — In co-operation with local schools call for posters and compositions on food subjects, to be exhibited in Libraries. Pursuing the plan presented at the Mills College Conference, the libraries are making card catalogs of agencies in their vicinity doing war service work, and of all local publications relating to the war. This piece of work is being done from the State Library as a center, through the Counties, and is a spendid piece of organized co-operf(tion. It will be of great permanent value as a record of individuals and accomplishment, after the war, and an authoritative way to preserve fieeting data. The libraries are also assisting the War History Committee in obtaining biographies of the ''m.en who have served" for the state records. With the signing of the armistice the work of this Department did not cease, the Food Administration asking that it hold on until further orders. There appears to be every prospect that the Library Publicity Department will be taken over bodily into the Educational Division of the Department of the Interior. The Reconstruction work has demanded and will demand every energy of all library workers, and already there have been issued voluminous lists of books and pamphlets that must be obtained and put in the hands of the people through the libraries. This work is well under way. In closing this record of activities it may not be amiss to say that it has been a wonderful contribution that these trained library 67 workers have made to the great cause. They have not given of their leisure; they have added work upon work, — nothing spectacular, nothing thrilling, but bringing trained efficiency to bear in new ways and old ways upon the new problems. They have done an enormous amount of work with enthusiasm and determination, and often with depleted working forces, have faced the task undaunted. Your Committee of Information and Library Service as a whole (which means every Librarian in California) respectfully submits the foregoing report with pride and satisfaction in a big work well done and with thankfulness for its opportunity to serve in its own appointed way. LIBERTY LOAN Mrs. E. R. Bratnerd, Chmrman This report covers only the Third and Fourth Liberty Loan Campaigns. At the time of the Third Campaign there -were forty- seven County Chairmen in the State. The result of that campaign showed fifteen million one hundred and ninety-two thousand dollars worth of bonds sold b}^ the Women's Committee, which does not in- clude any report of bonds sold by women or to women through the !'\Ien's Committee. For the Fourth Liberty Ijoan, the State was thoroughly organ- ized, Avith a Chairman in every County, as well as every city, with a population of fifty thousand or over. All City and County Chairmen were called to San Francisco for conference on September 12th and 13th for addresses and the discussion of plans. 1. California's quota, $272,093,350. 2. Amount reported from subscriptions taken by "Women's Committee, $80,993,453. 3. Twenty-seven and forty-three one hundreds per cent (27.43%) of the total state ([uota was secured through the Women's Committee. 4. Through most of Ihe State no percentage arrangement was made. (a) In only ten of the 58 (counties was the Women's Committee share determined by percentages. In each of these, soliciting was done by teams consisting equally of men and women. The percent- ages allowed the Women's Committee in these instances averaged 40.8% for the ten Counties. The amount secured on this basis by the Women's Committee was $17,951,419. (b) Though Women solicited in all Counties (as above shown in ten Counties) they worked separately in 48 Counties of the 58 Counties in the State. In these 48 Counties the amount reported from subscriptions taken by the Women's Committee was $53,982,034. (c) No record is available at this writing of amounts subscribed through organizations of women other than the Woman's Liberty Loan Committee itself. 68 CITIES 1. The Cities in California having over 200,000 population are Los Angeles, San Francisco and Oakland. Reports from subscriptions bv Women's Committee as follows: Los Angeles ' $26,100,500 San Francisco 6,000,000 Oakland 6,730,575 2. Quotas of these cities were: Los Angeles $ 4-2,988,900 San Francisco 107,876,500 Oakland 13,320,350 3. The percentage of each city's quota raised through Women's Committee : Los Angeles 60.7% San Francisco 5.5% Oakland 43.0% 69 MAINTENANCE OF EXISTING SOCIAL AGENCIES J\Irs. Carrie P. Bryant, Chairman The objects for which this department is pledged to work are fourfold : I. Higher minimum allowance by counties for support of depend- ent children. II. Training of women for social service in war work. III. A surve.y to find the present condition of all existing social agencies. IV. A suT'vey to find the actual minimum cost of living in each community. Each County or City Chairman has been asked to appoint a Department Chairman who shall have charge of this work for her county or city. The State Department Committee consists of the State Department Chairmen and each County or City Department Chairman. The following forty-two counties, out of a total of fifty-eight, have been organized : Alameda Napa Amador Orange Butte Placer Contra Costa Riverside Eldorado Sacramento Fresno San Benito Humboldt San Bernardino Imperial San Diego Inyo San Francisco Kern San Joaquin Kings San Mateo Lake Santa Barbara Lassen Santa Clara Los Angeles Sierra Madera Solano Marin Sonoma Mariposa Stanislaus Mendocino Tulare Merced Ventura Modoc Yolo Mono Yuba The few unorganized counties are mountainous and too sparsely settled to warrant organized endeavor. 1. Letters with full information have been sent to Boards of Supervisors of all counties, asking for higher minimum allowance for the support of dependent children. The sum of eleven dollars paid by most counties to board children cannot now cover the actual cost of sufficient and proper food. The response to this appeal has been met in some instances. Several counties have added $1.50 a month per person to the $11.00 alri .^dy allowed. Others have added eggs and milk to their regular 70 al]owaDce. Some counties have raised their ininininiii allowance to $14.00— a few to $15.00. 2. This Department has co-operated closely with the Red Cross Institute for the training of women in social service for war w^ork. All (.ounty Chairmen have been communicated with and asked to send at least one representative from their county to take the training v.-hich the Institute offered. California has made a splendid record in this work. 3. The survey to ascertain the present conditions of all existing social agencies has steadily gone on. Questionnaires prepared by the State Department Chairmen have been filled out by all social agencies in the county, these question- naires being returned to the County Department Chairman, who has retained them for her own information after entering the data upon a record sheet. This record sheet was returned to the State Chair- man, who will compile all state data in printed form. The data furnished by these questionnaires forms a complete record of all social agencies in the county, of the present condition and capacity of these agencies, how affected by the war and a de- tailed list of special needs as regards both workers and finances. Also cioes the data clearly show the lack of certain agencies in the County necessary to make possible proper and sufficient provision for obvious- ly needed work. The reports of the first ten counties sending in their completed surveys showed one-third of the social agencies not affected by the v/ar. Two-thirds of these agencies reported marked effects, especially institutions for care of the sick, insane and defectives. This was evinced by difficulty in obtaining hospital internes, nurses and orderlies, cooks and helpers; increased cost of food supplies, shortage of farm laborers. The private social agencies reported marked decrease in dona- tions due to divergence of their usual subscriptions to Red Cross and War Works Campaigns. A marked decrease of volunteer workers, especially Ihe younger workers, and many counties reported lack of group leaders. A few of the agencies have lowered their standards, while the ir.any are struggling hard to maintain them, and have asked our assistance and support (not financial) in doing this. Notwithstanding these handicaps a few of the agencies have raised their standards. Two of our largest state hospitals for the insane have increased their facilities for the care of their patients by the installation of training schools for special nursing. Graduate nurses also, may take post graduate work in these hospitals. One county chairman has succeeded in interesting her community in establishing a social center for the employees of a large State insti- tution, a provision greatly needed in that institution. Another definite result of the county survey has been an awaken- ing to the knowledge of the inadequate facilities for the care of tu])erculosis dependents in many of the counties. One county chairman has so interested her community and board of supervisors that an agreement to join in with adjacent counties 71 in the building of an adequate joint sanitarium has been the result. This will enable these counties to seeuro the state subsidy for their dep.ndent tuberculoties. Soiup counties expressed n^ed for pi'obation officers, some counties recognize no extra need. It is impossible to give here a complete report so I have chosen to speak of those needs oftenest presenting themselves upon the Record Sheets as returned. Prob- ably no one form of social service work was more frequently requested than that of public health, such as :— Visiting nurses, especially in rural districts, including school districts, more hygienic conditions in rural schools, greater number of tubercular clinics and sanatoria, more baby welfare centers, pro- vision for county care of venereal patients, and dental clinics. 4. To show the need of an increased allowance for the support of dependent children, the following table of comparative food costs, showing how much the purchasing power of a dollar has waned from August, 1916, to August, 1918, has been compiled by an expert dietitian : PRICES AND AMOUNTS OF FOOD PURCHASABLE FOR ONE DOLLAR Cost Pounds Cost Pounds Per 1916 Purchasable 1918 Purchasable Cent Per for $1.00 Per for $1.00 Increase Lb. Aug. 1916 Lb. Nov. 1918 Decrease Butter $0.48 2 lbs. l}4 oz. $0.63 1 lb. 9 oz. 31.2 Eggs .27 3 doz. 11 eggs .80 1 doz. 3 eggs 196.2 Sugar .06 16 lbs. lOH oz. .105 9 lbs. 11 oz. 75. Wheat Flour 032 31 lbs. 3 oz. .072 13 lbs. 5 oz. 125 Oat Meal .10 10 lbs. .08 13 lbs. 8 oz. 20. * Prunes .125 8 lbs. 09 11 lbs. 4 oz. 28. * Bread 05 20 lbs. 11 9 lbs. 2 oz. 120. Rice .06 16 lbs. 1014 oz. 12 8 lbs. 5 oz. 100. Beans; navy . . . .05 20 lbs. 15 6 lbs. 8 oz. 200. Raisins . .08M 12 lbs. 15 6 lbs. 8 oz. 80. Salad Oil; cottonseed .20 5 lbs. 55 1 lb. 14 oz. 175. Potatoes .04 25 lbs. .03 33 lbs. 5 oz. 25. * Cheese .20 5 lbs. 45 2 lbs. 4 oz. 125. Round Steak . .18 5 lbs. 14H oz. .35 2 lbs. 13 oz. 94 5 Bacon . .28 3 lbs. 9 oz. .63 1 lb. 9 oz. 125. Oranges . 30 Z}4 doz. .60 1 doz. 7 100. Milk . .05 221bs. 3-5 oz. pints. .10 11 lbs. 1 oz. 100. Honey . .20 5 lbs. .60 Ub.lloz. 200. *Decrease. 72 BALANCED DIET FOR CHIIiD 6-9 YEARS OLD FOR ONE DAY Tn 1916 this diet cost $0.22928, and consisted of the following amounts : Oatmeal 4 oz. Toast and Bread 5 oz. Milk 20 oz Stewed Prunes 2 oz. Honey 2 oz. Eggs 4' oz. Steak 3 oz. Potato 1.6 oz. (Estimated.) Spinach 4 oz. (Cooked.) Butter 5 oz. Raisins 2 oz Cottage Cheese 2 oz. Apples 3 oz. Two years later, in August, 1918, this same expenditure of money, 7. p., 22.9 cents, would purchase only as much as the following amounts of food represented by this balanced diet : Oatmeal 1.6 oz. Toast and Bread 2.0 oz. (about 2 slices.) Milk 8.0 oz. (i/o cup) Stewed Prunes 0.8 oz. Honey 0.8 oz. Eggs 1.6 oz. Steak 1.2 oz. Potato 2.4 oz. Spinach 1.6 oz. (cooked) Butter 0.2 oz. Raisins 0.8 oz. Cottage Cheese 1.2 oz. Apples 1.4 oz. Our very last work in this report must be a plea for sober thought and consideration ot the question of increased allowance for depeudenl children. Especially has the recent epidemic of influenza increased the need of proper nourishment as a prophylaxis against tubercular infection, so often the result. WJiile the past months have been filled with steady hours of work, we are convinced that the future holds more strenuous — even more definite — labor for every chairman in this department and we bespeak the co-operation and hearty support of our Department Chairmen in continuing a work they have so auspiciously begun. In a general way we may summarize the work to be done, as revealed to us through our county activities, under the following heads : 1. Increase in the Amount of State and County Aid. The law now permits the State of California to contribute to the support of needy children to the amount of .$6.25 per month, for a child with one parent living, and $8.33 for an orphan. The County nwif supplement this by an equal amount. 73 Tlie majority of children being cared for by Counties of the State are paid for at a maximum rate of $11.00. So far as the so-called Mother's Pension (State aid to children in the care of their own mothers) is concerned, the State allowance is ridiculously inadequate. California is not being fair to her own needy little children, or to the institutions, agencies and homes engaged in their care — she will not be doing them justice until State and County face their obligations and increase the allowance to at least $15.00 a month per child. 2. Specialization in the Work of Children's Institutions to Meet Needs of Special Groups of Unfortunate Children. There are many children in the state sadly in need of Institution- al care, for whom no provision is made. Preventoriums for children of tuberculous tendencies, colonies for the actively tuberculous, hospital schools for crippled children, hom_es for mentally defective and homes affording good care for limited numbers of adolescents, presenting special problems — all are greatly needed in California. If a number of existing institutions would face this situation and bravely enter this pioneer field, they Avould make a splendid contribution to the work for child pro- tection. 3. Preventive Health Work for Children of School and Pre- School Age. Particularly in the rural communities, where there are no clinics, no milk stations, no school nurses, is the need most tragic. A system which would give to every community in the State a visiting nurse and a Children's Health Center, would prove one of the most power- ful factors for the protection and conservation of the childhood of the State that could be imagined. 4. A Better Balanced Diet in Children's Institutions. There is need of recognition of the fact, that the table is the last place where too rigid economy and retrenchment can be af- forded. Better planning, a more careful study of food, values, and co-operation of Children's Institutions in buying supplies, with a consequent reduction in prices, w^ould go far toward meeting the situation. It may not be possible to reach and save all the children in California who are not adequately fed, but the institutional group for which the state is responsible, could, and should be protectecl. 5. Need of Becreational Equipment in Institutions. The institution furnishes too often inadequate space for play, with no apparatus, no direction, and only repressive supervision. It should be made a constructive force in the development of all children, but is especially necessary in the restricted life of the institutional child. 6. Organisation of County Social Work. By the appointment of an unpaid County Welfare Department, or commission, employing paid, trained workers to handle all public relief and welfare problems. Development of a boarding out system of standardized foster homes for children under the supervision of County "Welfare De- 74 partments, or other County Social Agency, in co-operation with Juvenile Courts and private charities. County clinics and dispensaries and out-patient work in County Hospitals. 7. Psychological Clinics. The increased use in all counties of psychological clinics in Court and education centers. Also the establishment of a rural psychological clinic which could be of a traveling nature. There is great need of a State survey of the feeble-minded to be followed by adequate provision, both custodial and educational, and for such numbers of feeble-minded as the survey develops necessary. This department makes the above recommendations as its final work under the Women's Committee. SUCGESTTONS OF THE MAINTENANCE OF EXISTING SOCIAL AGENCIES DE- PARTMENT FOR RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD The splendid unison of effort that has been crystallized by the Women's Committee is an asset that should mean much to the future interest of California. The War has called forth a response that no other circumstance has awakened. These same peoples have been told before of stand- ards that should exist for all lines of social work, but they did not understand, they did not hear, they did not care. The awful neces- sity of the war has changed all this. It has opened their eyes and their ears and their minds have grasped the thought that such con- ditions do not need to exist — they can change them. For it is now with willing hearts and clear understanding that these same people are asking for "someone to come to us, we want things improved." "We will take steps right away to correct our fault." "Tell us what to do, w^e wish to secure improved conditions." Many more letters of this sort are upon my desk after more than a year of steady survey work and effort at co-operation. There are counties lacking in certain agencies, there are County Institutions, Hospitals and Almshouses that -need the support and uplift of friendly local interest. In maintaining existing Social Agencies, we are dealing either witli the generosity of the public, or the intelligence and courage of the Supervisor — both of these will always need the backing, and oftentimes the prodding, of influential, wise and sane groups of local workers, such as we believe and know we have in most of the counties of California. The State Department Committee therefore recommends that under some form these county groups be kept together and their splendid unison work be strengthened and maintained. PUBLICITY Miss Anne M. Mumford, CJiairman I\Irs. Seward A. Simons, Chairman The Publicity Department has forty-three county publicity chaii'men in as many different counties in the State. In many in- stances these county chairmen have sub-chairmen in all the import- 75 ant towns in their county who look after the local publicity and see that material sent them by the County Chairman is put in their papers. It is the aim of the department to have each county chair- man have a weekly Women's Committee column in every paper in the county. In a number of counties this hope is already a reality as the special county reports show. Circular letters are sent out from the State office to the county publicity chairmen. In addition to the department letter the county chairmen receive copies of all county letters and printed literature published by the State Committee. They in turn are expected to send monthly reports to the State office with clippings to show the work they have accomplished. There is constant communication between the State Publicity Department and the News Department of the Women's Committee of the National Council of Defense in Washington. Every two weeks material is sent on to Washington to be used in the publishing of the National News Letter. The Washington office sends Press Re- lease bulletins, etc., to the State office which are mailed out to all the county chairmen for use in their papers. At the State office clippings covering the publicity of the Women's Committee throughout the entire State are mounted in large scrap books. They are classified first by counties and then by cities and towns and then according to dates. This is done every six months. Thus it is easy to see at a glance whether we are having more or less publicity as a State, whether the work is improving in any particular county, etc. A record of the amount of publicity furriished by each paper is then made. A card catalogue of the papers of the State is kept which gives the name of the paper, whether it is a Daily or Weekly, Editor, Woman Colum Writer, if any, amount of space given to the work of the Women's Committee, — National, State, County and local. The information concerning these papers is very largely furnished by the County Publicity Chairmen who are usually in close touch with the papers in their locality. The Department of Publicity has been handled by the Secretary of the Women's Committee from the State Headquarters since August, 1918. After the resignation of Miss Mumford as Chairman of the Department of Publicity, the State Council of Defense established a Bureau of War Information which furnishes Press Releases for the whole State. These contain information about the Women's Committee, as well as concerning the work of the State Council. Material regarding the Women's Committee has been furnished to the Editor of the War Information Bureau by the Secretary. In addition special pieces of information and special publicity received from the Field Division, have been sent to the County Chairmen of Publicity. The Newspapers of the State have continued to be very generous in affording space to the work of the County Divisions o'f the Women's Committee and clippings have come in in almost the same number as usual in spite of the fact that the prevalence of the In- 76 flupnza epidemic has interfered with all the regular activities of the Women's Committee. Letters from the Publicity Chairmen show that they are still interested in the work and that they have learned how to take the information and bulletins sent to them from this office and from Washington, and to apply them in some way locally to make a story that will be of interest in their own communities. The large scrap books of clippings, referring to the Women's Committee, will be filed with the State historian. WOMEN IN INDUSTRY Mrs. Katherine P. Edson, Chairman This report must of necessity be brief. California was particularly fortunate in having in operation before the outbreak of the war governmental machinery designed and effective to protect not only women and minors, but the safety of men as well in industry : 1. With an excellent workmen's compensation law. 2. With an eight hour law for women and minors. 3. With an Industrial Welfare Commission fixing minimum Avages, controlling the hours of labor in those perishable fruit and vegetable industries not covered by the eight hour law. 4. With an excellent sanitary code in canneries for three seasons and now operative in all manufacturing establishments and laundries, the work of the Chairman of this department was much lessened in carrying out the general program of the National Committee. During the Summer of 1917 a survey was conducted under this Department of all firms filling government contracts. This survey was made and conducted by Mrs. Sidney Joseph of Berkeley, with a group of young women from the Department of Economics of the University of California. This survey was to find out primarily if there was any labor shortage among women workers and also into what trades and processes women could be substituted and also how the organized women of the State could help in recruiting if such shortage existed. The survey was outlined and directed nationally by Miss Marie Obenauer of the Bureau of Registration and Infor- mation of the National League for Women's Service, of which organization your Chairman was also the Chairman for California. This survey showed that during the period of 1917, there was no labor shortage of any consequence in Northern California and an over plus of female labor in Southern California, wnth the exception of experienced power machine operators. However, in San Fran- cisco this was met by offering high wages which drew experienced operators from shops, working on women's garments, etc., into the shop working npon army contracts. It was revealed also during 1917 tliat although there was no serious shortage among agricultural workers because the draft did not take these men until after the harvest season that there might be in 1918 if California had a normally fruitful season. 77 This Department kept in close touch with Dean Hunt of the College of Agriculture of the University of California, who, as the head of all the Farm Advisers in the different counties of the State, was in close touch with the farm labor problem. Also Professor R, L. Adams, connected w4th the University and designated by the United States Department of Agriculture as Federal Farm Labor Agent for this State. It was not until February 20th that these men felt that it might be necessary to use women as agricultural workers as the w^hole State suffered until that date for lack of rain. At this time a leaflet was sent to all the County Chairmen and counties, outlining with great care a method of procedure for a local survey. This leaflet bore fruit in stimulating interest in women's availability for much farm labor. In April this Department decided to throw its influence, its local chairmen, and other machinery into the Woman's Land Army which had come into existence in the Spring of 1918. We believed the recruiting attraction of the Woman's Land Army was great so all the work of the Women's Committee in the farm labor needs was transferred to it. In Northern California we worked closely in touch with the Woman's Land Army and believe we can claim some share in the excellent record made by that organization under the able chairman- ship of Mrs, Sidney Joseph. We had associated with us a group of the most experienced women in public affairs around San Fran- cisco Bay, Over 500 women were recruited and sent to ideal camps built by the employers throughout the Sacramento, San Joaquin and Santa Clara Valleys. No woman was sent out except to an employer or group of employers who gave a contract as to wages, hours, extra payment for overtime, guaranteed length of employ- ment, payment of board during inclement weather, insurance against accident, and a camp not only approved by the Commission of Im- migration and Housing but built with our co-operation and sug- gestion. The result of this experiment is that women received the same wages as men for the same work. They proved to be in fruit picking 90% as efficient as experienced male workers. They were dependable and a stable labor supply. For return, the women gained in health, were happy, contented groups under semi-military discipline; well fed and comfortably housed. Most of them all clamoring to go out next season and every employer who had a Land Army unit in Northern California wishes to employ them on like terms the coming season. The Land Army is waiting to see if all returning soldiers and men needing employment are absorbed before promising to recruit for the coming season. From this ex- periment we have learned that here is an occupation suited to women that will take many seasonal workers from office, store, school and factory and return them to their city life stronger, healthier and normal if this work can be controlled by experienced women who will insure this group from being used to depress wage scales or from taking the places of people who depend upon the harvest season for their living. One of the by-products of the experiment is to 78 force on the farmers the fact that if they expect to attract any desirable farm workers they must furnish them with more livable quarters and better conditions and, best of all — how to do it. Few war contracts of any kind were let in California. Women have gone into elevator service, delivery ser\ace, many new office and bank occupations, and in some instances at less wages than men received. In the can manufactories, sugar refineries, and some munition work they went in receiving practically the same wages as men. Night work did increase as it never existed before, but is now- being done away with under the prohibition of the Industrial Wel- fare Commission. Two County Chairmen deserve special mention for their ex- cellent work: Mrs. Bulloch of Santa Clara County, and Mrs, Deim- ling of Orange County, who made tine surveys in their own com- munities and kept the State Chairman informed of local labor conditions. California was prepared by experience and strong organization to withstand any demands which might be made to break down our industrial standards. We believe we have emerged with our labor problems better understood and with a more intelligent public opinion backing' up those agencies protecting the workers of this State. , , 79 COUNTY WORK Tho work of organizing a large State like California is a con- siderable accomplishment in itself. This was the first necessary step to provide the machinery for carrying out the plans made by the Women's Committee of the National Council of Defense, or our own State Council of Defense. It has been the endeavor of the Committee to have a County Chairman in each county whose duty it was to organize the county. The organization of the County Committees has paralleled very closely that of the State Committee, with an Executive Committe and Chairman of Departments. The Counties have been further organized by town and city units, with a Chairman of each local unit. Some of the County Chairmen have been identified with the (Committee since the beginning of the work in June, 1917. Others havf- resigned and been replaced for various reasons. At the time of i;iaking this report, two of the counties are without chairmen, though there have previously been chairmen in those counties. There are now, in the State of California, 56 county units of the Women's Committee; 315 city units; 431 district units. The ultimate object of organization in the Counties has been a complete precinct organization, so that within a very short time after receiving a message from the Government that message could, by a house-to-house canvass, be made known to the women in every part of the State. In many Counties this has been done by "the Women's War Service Armies. It would be impossible to give a complete report of the work in thp Counties of California. It is in the work of the Counties that the strength of the Wom.en's Committee lies. In well organized Counties, the amount of work for the Government which has been accomplished by the women, is astonishing. In many cases, the women have financed the work themselves and carried it out under great difficulties. In a State like California, where much of the territory is desert or mountains, or wide agricultural stretches, the women have had serious, and, seemingly insurmountable difSculties in carrying on the work, but they have been faithful and devoted, loyal and enthusiastic in their display of patriotism, and the educa- tional effect of their work in their Counties will always be of value. 80 COUNTY REPORTS AL7^i\TEDA— Mrs. A. E. Carter, Chairman, June 7, 1917, to Oct. 10, 1917; j\Jrs. F. G. Turner, Chairman, Oct. 10, 1917, to date. Estimated population 400,000. Completely organized with seven Town Units and one Township Llnil. The War Service Army originated in this county. Americanization — A Survfiy was made of all organizations and agencies already engaged in any line of Americanization work; also of factories employing foreigners, and of their methods — if any — of Americanization. In IMay, 1918, a Census was taken by the Women's Armies in Oakland and Berkeley, of the foreign-born, of the chil- dren of foreign-born, and of their knowledge or lack of knowledge, of the English language, and of their own language. Assistance was given the County Committee formed at the in- stigation of the State Immigration and Housing Committee, and, as far as possible, to the work of the Home Teachers in Oakland appointed by the Board of Education. The Children's Year program has been an Americanizing in- fluence throughout the County, as also have been the various War "Drives." Children's Year — This program w'as carried out most carefully and with excellent results throughout the County and the eon- sequent demand for Health Centers is being met. Education — In addition to Besolutions sent to the proper authorities approving of an enlarged School of Education at the University of California, and of Senate Bill No. 4987, creating a Federal Department of Education, suggestions were made to the Board of Education and help given towards the formation of Vacation Classes for girls and women in some of the Oakland public schools. These classes were most successful. A "Keep Our Children in School" Drive was made by the Oak- land Women's Army in connection w^ith the Attendance Department of the Board of Education, resulting in much valuable information. Educational Propaganda was carried on in every way possible, especially through the Women's Armies in the different towns and cities, through the information given out at the Unit Headquarters in the larger cities, through the newspapers, and through speeches made on all occasions that offered, different classes for instruction having been formed in the different units. 81 Food Adrnimstration work was most carefully and efficiently performed, at lirst and all the time through the different Unit Chair- men, as well as the County Committee's Food Department, in con- junction Math the University of California Department of Agricul- ture, and the County Farm Bureau. The first activity was the campaign for signing food pledges when 45,000 signatures were obtained ; an interesting features of this drive was the ardor of the school children in signing pledges to abstain from candy and ice cream for the year. Talks w^ere given before the Schools and Women's Clubs, and everywhere possible. Later the four Food Directors appointed l>y the U. S. Food Administration had their special headquarters and did thfir special work with great success. Girls' War Service — Talks and lectures were given through the efforts of several of the Unit Chairmen, and classes were formed for girls in different subjects. A Community Cluh for girls has been opened in Oakland, assisted greatly by the Unit Chairman there, and attracting large numbers of young women. Commercial courses. Dietetics, and other classes were formed in some of the public schools during the summer vacation, with the help of the County Girls' War Service Chairman, Health and. Becreation — The work of this Department was, in large part, merged with the Girls' War Service Department and with aid given the War Camp Community Committee, though, also, for some months, the Department Chairman arranged for many talks on this subject at churches and other meeting-places. Home Economics — Lessons and classes in this subject were ar- ranged in the early months of our existence as a Committee. Later, th^s Department worked mostly through the schools and Women's Clubs — also through the County Farm Home Demonstrator. Information and Library Service — Great help was given our cause through the efforts of our County Library wnth all its branches, as well as of the City Libraries and Branches. The County Librarian is now compiling a History of the War Activities of AHameda County. Liberty Tjoan — The Women's Liberty Loan Committee in the County and the different towns and cities, added greatly to the Bond Subscriptions by the canvass, each time, by the Women's Armies; the work was done with the Men's Committee in the County and the different towns and cities. Maintenance of Existing Social Agencies — A very careful sur- vey was made of all Social Agencies in Alameda County, and much valuable information was thus gained. Publicity — The newspapers were most generous in giving space to the material furnished by our four Publicity Chairmen. Many leaflets, dodgers, etc., were distributed by the Women's Armies, and also from the different Headquarters. All this in addition to the talks, formal speeches, etc., and to the liberal use of posters. Red Cross — The whole County Committee and the Bed Cross had most cordial relations, the Women's Armies often assisting in their ''Drives." jt 82 . Women in Industry — A careful survey was made of women in diflVrent forms of industry in the County, with their wages, hours and kinds of labor, etc. Help was also given in securing members for file Women's Land Army. SPECIAL WORK Student Nurse Reserve — Great care was given by the different Tlnit Chairmen and others in the securing of Student Nurses, both at Headquarters, and through appeals in the newspapers, and at meetings of various kinds; also by leaflets distributed by the Women's Armies. Fifty-fOur applications were secured. Motor Corps — In several of the units, machines and girl and woL'ien drivers were secured, and Motor Corps thus formed, through the co-operation of the National League for Women's Service. Fairs and Exhibits — Oakland Unit made a fine display at the Land Show held in Oakland in the Fall of 1918, and secured the help of many workers. Exhibits of posters were of help in publicity work. Speakers and Information — Speakers were furnished and Infor- mation given on every possible occasion. Influenza Epidemic — Much aid was given throughout the County by the Unit Committees, especially in the dissemination of informa- tion, in the appeals for nurses, in the collecting of needed clothing, in the "manning" of emergency hospitals, in the procuring and cooking of food. Community Singing — Provision for Community Singing at many gatherings was made through different Unit Committees. Cook Books wore furnished by Oakland Unit and widely dis- tributed, as were also, many, many different leaflets, dodgers and U. S. Bulletins. Berkeley Unit published two editions of a large and most useful War Cook Book, which is sold at 50 cents. Woman's Land Army — Was helped by the securing of members through the different Unit Chairmen, and through the membership on Hs Executive Committe of the County Committee's Chairman, Fariners who employed units of the Women's Land Army are already asking to employ them again in 1919. ALPINE — i\lrs. Fred Bruns, Acting Chairman. Estimated population 351. Not organized but has done good war work under the following heads : Red Cross — A branch of the Carson Valley Red Cross was organ- ized in Alpine County in September, 1917. Every woman in the County became a member at that time, and each one has been an active member ever since. Each family contributed money monthly to the "Workroom Fund." and we also turned about five hundred dollars into t^e Red Cross fund, as the proceeds of "Red Cross Benefits," etc. Liberty Loan — Alpine County has reached its quota in each Liberty Loan Drive, and the Women's Committee has taken an active part in each "Drive." In tho Fourth Liberty Loan, Alpine County exceeded its quota by 46%. Members of the Women's Committee solicited subscriptions equal to fifty per cent of the County's quota. War Savings Stamps — The sale of War Savings Stamps and Thrift Stamps has been I'^ft entirely in the charge of the women of Alpine County, The sales per capita, for the 1918 Series amounted to $19.70 maturity value, computed on the official population. War Charities Committee — With the exception of Judge L. T. Price, the War Charity Committee of Alpine County consists of women. In the United War Work campaign, the County exceeded its quota by 20 per cent. It has reached its given quota in every War (charity call thus far. Food Conservation — The Chairman of Food Conservation Com- mittee moved to Nevada about six months ago. There is no report on her work. However, the Alpine County women were squarely behind the Government in all other War Activities, so I am sure they would not fail in Food Conservation. AMADORr— Mrs. M. E. Tucker, Chairman. Estimated population 11,500. Organized with five District Units. DEPARTMENT VV^ORK Children's Year — In regard to the Children's Year Work, will state that the programs as scheduled by the California Women's Committee were carried out as nearly as conditions would allow. Over 1500 babies were examined. The Chairman of that Depart- ment covered the entire County, the Chairman of the local Units Department taking charge of the babies in their respective localities, under the direction and supervision of the County Chairman. Too much praise cannot be given to the Doctors of Amador County, several of them going from fifteen to twenty miles over notoriously rough roads, to examine these twenty or more babies. The^'e Doctors gave a much more complete examination than was really called for, in many cases performing necessary operations. Dr. P. S, Goodman of Sutter Creek deserves special mention, he having traveled some thirtj^ miles to one special town and per- formed, gratis, over seventeen operations. All this was done for the glory of the cause. Many mothers at first refused to enter into this work, but upon being informed that it M'as done at the request of the Government did so and were greatly pleased with results. This v/ork will be continued during the year. Education — In regard to this subject, pamphlets, lectures and other Educational data have been distributed throughout the schools, and children urged to continue their school work. The people have been reached through public meetings, where lectures were given, in the work of the various departments. Four minute talks by able speakers of the community upon the various war questions, etc., as sent out by the Government, were highly educational. These 84 pamphlets and circulars have been distributed to all, especially to those people livinof in the rural districts, and unable to attend the meetings. Pood Adminis'tration — In regard to "The Food Administration and its work," no effort has been spared to educate the people of Amador County to the necessity of "Conservation," not only in regard to "Food," but in all things pertaining to Conservation. The people have been rallied to the cause, and most enthusiastically camp to the assistance of the various officers who have had the matter in hand. Though our County may not be large in area, it certainly has been great in service, especially in regard to "Food Conserva- tion." The Committees of the several Units are flooded with fruits of all descriptions, and willing hands galore are proffered. Home Economics — Housewives are canning and drying fruits and vegetables. Much jam and jellies have been put up for the Red Cross, by the Home Economics Department. The Conservation of Food Exhibits has been planned and will no doubt be as here- tofore, most successfully carried out. Information and Library Service — This department is being held open that any one calling for information in regard to the Women's Committee work shall receive the same. Liberty Loan — The last Liberty Loan in Amador County was carried on by women; as a result the County went away "over the top." Plans are now being formulated for a successful campaigning in regard to the Fourth Liberty Loan. Maintenance of Existing Social Agencies — At the regular meet- ing of the Amador County Unit of Women's Committee of National and State Defense, the County Chairman of this department pre- sented a most interesting and instructive report setting forth the ideals and purposes of the work. This department has been estab- lished, as we know, for the sole purpose of maintaining the same standards of social service activities during war time that have existed during peace. It is def<^nse work of the foremost importance to protect our own home agencies. Not to neglect our home charities and thus permit our own poor to suffer. To this end, therefore, the County Chairman of the Department of Existing Social Agencies, upon asking for permission was empowered hy the County Council to present a petition to the County Supervisors asking that Amador County increase its allowance for dependent children from $11.00 to $14 00 per month and for indigent persons from $6.00 to $10.00 per month. This petition was duly presented at the meeting of the Board of Supervisors on September 3rd, results proving most gratifving'. Amador County increases its allowance for full orphan children from .4^4^.75 to $8.83, and for half orphans from $4.75 to $6.25 per month. For indigent persons from $6.00 to $8.00 per month. So the results of the work of this department have been most satisfactory. 85 PnhUcity — This department has been one of the most active in the Council. The County papers have been most courteous in giving space to the data presented. Every issue of the papers has contained from one-half to a column of excellent material. Educational Propaganda — Plans are being formulated whereby an active campaign may be carried on throughout the County this winter. Health and Recreation — The Chairman of this Department called upon the Exemption Board to devise some special insignia or badge Ijy ^vhieh our soldier boys might be known and thereby protected, as per the law in regard to the enlisted men. SPECI.\L WORK Special work along the following lines has been most successfully carried on throughout the County: Liberty Chorus (social gatherings). Communit}^ Singing (get together habit). Thrift Stamp campaign (over the top). Public patriotic meetings (aroused). All of the above have been carried out enthusiastically and have been productive of most excellent results. Sutter Creek Unit conducted an entertainment for the financial benefit cf each one of the churches of the community. This was one of the .mo-^t successful features of the year's work. The getting to- gether of different denominations for the purpose of better under- standing of the "Relationship of the Church to the War." Plymouth Unit conducted an all day session of the community council, largely and most enthusiastically attended, but owing to the lack of ''follow tip work," the whole thing fell back to the "Women's Council. We still maintain, however, that it was very successful owing to the amount of knowledge disseminated among the people. The Di'vtown Unit gives a farewell party to each man as he responds to his "Country's call." The citizens of the community jointly contribute to and i)resent each boy with a wrist watch. In closing we desire to thank not only the faithful co-workers of Amador County, but those splendid women who have given us not only "leadership," and "instruction," but inspiration at all times and in all places. BUTTE— Mrs. W. 0. March, Chairman. Estimated population 43,000. Organized with nve Town Units. DEP.\ETMENT WORK Arncricanization — With the publicity given to this Department, the community is expecting better relations between American and foreign-born in our County. The Italian and Portuguese and Chi- nese especially, were active in different drives. A school for foreign women has been established by volunteer Avorkers. 86 Food Administration — The Women's Committee took entire charge of the food pledges, covering the entire County and placing a card and information in practically every home in the District. The Chairman also served on the price interpreting Committee at the request of the County Food Administrator. Noteworthy work was done in wheat conservation, and for the "Potato Week." Children's Year — The work of the Children's Year Committee had been carefully planned but the influenza epidemic badly inter- fered with the plans. The first weighing and measuring drive was most successful. Every town but one participating and that one was omitted on account of a scarlet fever scare. Doctors and nurses gave of their time freely, and over a thousand babies were examined. Liberty Loan — The Women's Committee worked jointly with the Men's Liberty Loan Committee. The Chairman again being ap- pointed as Chairman of the woman workers. Butte County went over the top easily in every drive. Publicity — In this Departm.ent, the Women's Committee was very fortunate in it? chairman. Her work was commended all over the County, especially by the newspapers themselves. S"E(^1AL WORK The Women's Committee took part in every Drive; every Drive was successful. Land Army — The women were organized to go into the orchards and fields to harvest fruit and grain. Stiident Nurse Campaign — Nine applications were sent from Butte County. hifluenza Epidemic — During the influenza epidemic the saloons and ice cream parlors were closed at the request of the Women's Comn ittee, also a special meeting of the City Council was called to pass a mask ordinance, this was also done at the request of tlie Chairman of the Women's Committee. Another Baby Week is now being planned. Plans are also being considered for the April celebration for the returned soldiers. CALAVERAS -Mrs. Alice Halley, Chairman. Estimated population 8,250. While not organized in all departments, this county has done effective work in the following lines: Food Administration — In carrying out the directions of the Fed- eral Administrator, in obtaining Food Pledges and in Educational Work. Education and Child Welfare — In co-operation with the schools. Liberty Loan — Quotas were exceeded in each case and with in- creasing proportions. Bed Cross — There lias/ been close co-operation between the Women's Conmiittee and the County Red Cross organization. The Belgian Relief work and the sewing were well supported. A hos- pital with eight nurses was opened to care for influenza patients. 87 Junior E(d Cross — Collected hundreds of pounds of fruit pits, and forwarded them. Lihcriy Boys and Liberty Girls — Earned money, which Avas di- verted to th(^ Win the War Fund. COLUSA — Mrs. E. A. Brim.. Chairman, October, 1917, to January, 1918; Mrs. C. 0. Jordan, Chairman, February, 1918, to date. Estimated population 7,882. Organij-.ed with six larije town units and four small town units. DEPARTMENT W^ORK Food Administratioti — Handled the food pledge campaign ; the Chairman visited every town in the County at that time and carried out directions of the Food Administration. Arranged meetings and had speakers on Food Conservation. Children's Year — A successful weighing and measuring cam- paign was carried on, 798 babies being examined. Searched the birth records for the names of the unregistered children of the County and notified the parents of those unrecorded. Educational Propagay^da — Distributed Government Bulletins and pamphlets on all phases of war activities. Information and Library Service — This department handled all the posters and literature sent to it. PnbJicity — Was good. Public ITealth — A survey was made of all the dairy farms of the County to see what conditions surrounded the handling of milk. Liberty Loan — The Women's Committee assisted in the drives. ST'EOTAL WORK Helped with Y. M. C. A. and other Drives. Sent two Student Nurses' applications. CONTEA COSTA— Mrs. H. J. Curry, Chairman. Estimated population 70,000. Organized by thirty-six town units. Tt would take too long to go into details of all the good work done in Contra Costa County during the war, but to give an idea we v/ill take one of the smaller towns in the County, population less than tM'o thousand : Total number of glasses of Jelly delivered to Camp Fremont- -450. Beligium Relief Clothing, October 4th, 1918 — 16 cases containing 1568 Garments, 115 pairs shoes. Hos- pit.";! Garments— 2678. Refugee, Garments — 966. Knitted Gar- ments — 1115. Surgical Dressings — 3801. From all Sub-Chairmen in the County splendid reports are re- ceived, an active interest taken in all drives going "Over the Top." Tn the numerous activities and at every call, the Women of Contra Costa County responded eagerly, giving time, ability and inonej^ in unstinted amount, and they are justly proud of their work. Ecd Cros.'^ Statisficf! — One Salvage Shop — In less than one year made one thousand dollars. Drives and Parades, Concerts — Candy and bottled fruit sales for l)enefit of Red Cross -were always a success. Our Red Cross has done wonderful work all through the War and Epidemic and used monej^ wherever it did good, and have a balance now on hand of over four thousand dollars. Child Welfare — Our first drive last June Contra Costa County, according to population, was the "Banner County" of the State, over 3000 babies were weighed and examined. As a result, many opera- tions were performed at the expense of the County. We are now arranging for our second drive the third week in April. Belgian Children have been an incentive for us all both old and young; every child that had saved money, did not seem satisfied until it was given to Belgian Relief. Clothing for both Women and Children was sent from almost every town in the County. Nurses and Ambulance Drivers were sent from our County. JNIany books and magazines for Army and Navy boys were sent from Contra Costa County. Our County Librarian who made the appeal was more than pleased with the splendid donations from all over the County. Boxes of lunches were given the boys in training, each box contained good home cooking, — also boxes of nuts and fresh fruit were sent along with them. Y. M. C. A. Drive in November — Quota 1250, amount raised $2,244.66. Our older women as well as the young women worked on the draft boards. In order to keep up with what was going on, some of our women attended Red Cross and other War meetings in other counties. Many of our women took the places of men, both in indoor and cut of door work. Some dressed in khaki and worked in the Sugar Refinery in Crockett, also at the Shell Oil Plant of California at Martinez. During the Epidemic, the Shell Oil Company furnished a hos- pital, paid doctors and nurses, took care of peo])le free of charge, gave full pay until they were able to return to work, and are giving M'Ork to all their returning soldier boys. General co-operation in food rationing and conserving throughout the County. U. S. Demonstrators lectured and taught us to be saving of sugar, flour and fuel. The Junior Red Cross was most active in all War Work in which Juniors could aid. DEL NORTE— Mrs. James McNully, Chairman. Estimated population 3,500. This county is isolated with no railroad, and has not been organized for department work, but every woman in the County has been giving time to war work. The Red Cross has done effective work in its special line and handled the Child Welfare work also, holding a successful Children 's Year campaign, v/ith a baby clinic. All the women in the County have assisted. The Del Norte County Woman's Tiuprovement Club has handled tlie ITome Economics work. The Food Administration work was carried out by the County Food Director, and all regidations were strictly observed The Liberty Loan was over-subscribed, the women helping, and much of the credit for the success is due to them. There was a fifty per cent over-subscription for the United War Work Campaign, in which women took part. ETi DORADO— Mrs. L. J. Dormody, Chairman. Estimaicd population 7,500. Completely organized with thirty-three precinct units and four special district committees. Financial assistance received from County, DEPARTMENT WORK The Children's Year program was enthusiastically undertaken, lectures being given on milk and teeth. Three hundred and eighty- nine children being carefully weighed and measured, and a per- manent Health Center established. Have inspected dairies of County. The Food Administration work was systematically conducted, beginning with the Food Pledge Campaign. Later a demonstrator from the University of California gave nine demonstrations on cook- ing and conservation methods. Approved recipes were regularly furnished to the newspapers and published widely. Sugar certificates were issued throughout the County. The Wonnen in Industry Department enrolled 63 women and girls in the Women's Land Army, and did effective work in picking and packing fruit, and making fruit boxes. Information and Library Service work included the collection of .^150.00 for the Library War campaign, and the forwarding of 157 bound volumes to Camp Fremont. The Liberty Loan Department through the Women's Committee al( ne raised more than the entire quota of the County for the Fourth Liberty Loan. Excellent results were also obtained in the earlier "anipaigns. Educational Propaganda was carried on by a Committee mak- ing a house-to-house visit, securing orders for Government publica- tions on the war, and by the holding of social meetings with speakers using manuscript lectures. Other departmental activities were effectively carried on under departmental chairmen in the following subjects: Americanization, Education, Health and Recreation, Maintenance of Existing Social Agencies, Red Cross, Registration, and Publicity. SPECIAL WORK The Student Njirse Reserve campaign resulted in the enrollment of 10 applicants. Girls and, Boys in Viar Service — The United War Work cam- paign was aided bv special activity among girls and boys, who plodojed $600.00. 90 FRESNO— Mrs. H. A. Goddard, Chairman, July 8, 1917-Oct. 20, 1917; Mrs. S. A. Williams, Chairman, Oct. 20, 1917, to date. Estimated population 100,000. Organized with ten toAvn units. DEPARTMENT WORK Americamzalion — This Department co-operated with the Y. W. C, A. in establishing an International Institute among the foreigners, with two resident workers and a large hall for recreation. A Japanese IMother's Club has been started under the direction of an Institute Worker who understands Japanese. The women readily respond and are anxious to learn our language and our cus- toms. The work among the I\Iexieans and Italians is also progressing as the women and children and even the men are beginning to feel the friendliness and to come to the workers with their problems. During the recent epidemic, instructions were given the mothers in the care and proper diet for their sick children. Classes in English and also in cooking have been started among the Russian women and current events are discussed in these classes. The women are very eager to learn and are anxious to be good American citizens. The work is growing. Plans are under way for the establishment of a Community Kitchen, where deinonstrations will be given two days per week for the benefit of the foreign women. Puhlicity — The Chairman reports good co-operation on the part of ^he newspapers, and excellent publicity for all stories of Women's War Work, throughout the County. The Committee feel that this made the success of their work possible. Information and Lihrary Service — The work has been carried on through the twenty-five County Branch Libraries. Bulletin Boards are used to display posters and leaflets. In calling attention to special subjects, books dealing with that subject are displayed on a rack below the bulletin board. Books on Gardening and Cook Books giving recipes for bread made with wheat substitutes were much used. Posters and pamphlets were sent to the libraries; throughout the Liberty Loan posters have been dis- played: books for the camp libraries have been collected. Children's Year — A baby measuring and weighing drive was called by the State Chairman, Dr. Adelaide Brown, in response to a national call for this work and the actual weighing and measuring was done at the schools. At the same time, the doctors gave the children quite a thorough physical examination. Children found in need of medical attention were advised to report to their own physician, specialist or adviser as the case should require. A dental examination was also given. Notwithstanding the many calls upon the time of the physicians, all who were called upon responded >\illingly and donated their services for several hours a day for 91 tho benefit of "Better Babies." Assisting the physicians were many public spirited women taking mothers to and from the clinics in machines, writing records in the examining room and helping in other ways. One hundred and ninety-three follow-up letters were sent to the mothers of the community and the answers all showed the gratitude of these mothers for the benefit their children derived from the clinic. In the case of foreigners, personal calls were made into the houses to see whether the advice given at the time of the clinic had been followed out. There were 2,741 children who received the medical examina- tion, but several of the towns sent in their statistics too late for the iState reports. Home Economics — The teacher of Domestic Science at the Fresno High School was appointed Chairman of the Home Economics De- partment. She appointed as her sub-chairmen other domestic science teachers in high schools throughout the County who followed her instructions and carried on the same line of work in their com- munities as she did in Fresno City. She began her work in her classes at school and through them published a booklet containing conservation recipes which were distributed to the public by mem- bers of the different classes who gave demonstrations at Holland's and Graff's. The Chairman arranged a series of food conservation lessons to help the public in conforming to United States formulas. These were well attended. Aside from these demonstrations in school and in stores, publicity was put in the store windows illustrating the starving of garbage cans, food values, wheat conservation, sugar substitution, a Ploover Thanksgiving dinner. During the potato drive week, posters were placed in theaters and stores. Plans for a Community Kitchen were well under way when the "Flu" stopped the work. Food Conservation — The first work of the Committee was the first Food Pledge Campaign, which was one of the most difficult enterprises to put through because the country was not yet educated as to the necessity for conservation. It was done in the hottest weather experienced in years, and M^as a severe test of patriotism. The Second Food Pledge Campaign had very gratifying results, with 25,000 signatures. The Committee had food conservation slips printed and sent to every merchant in F'resno County for distribution 'indcr the Food Administration. Ten active sub-chairmen were appointed in the County to cari*y out the directions of the Food Administration. A successful Potato Drive was carried on, also a drive for fruit jars to be used for the Indians. A survey was made of foreigners and 2,000 recipes in different languages were distributed by grocers in different localities where foreigners lived. Several mass meetings, with distinguislied speakers, were ar- ranged in the interest of Food Conservation. 92 Liberty Loan— The Wouieu's Committee has worked in all four oampaigns. In the Fourth Liberty Loan Campaign women subscribed .^850,000, which did not include the "Mr. and Mrs." subscriptions. llenlih and Recreation— The patriotic play week of September l-5th-22nd, was very successful. ^ An extensive program was arranged, and each night a different ground held an entertainment consisting of literary and musical numbers, as well as athletic contests and pageants. Many hundreds of people were on the grounds each night to view the 'entertainments, most of which were given by the children of the different grounds. SPECIAL WORK The Chairman and members of the Women's Committee have taken an active part in entertainments for the Red Cross, and an important part in all patriotic activities and war drives, in some places having comT^letc responsibility for them. Bed Cross— This organization is represented on the Women's Committee. Tlie work of this organization has progressed along the usiual lines, knilting, surgical dressings, hospital garments, etc. The Salvage Shop has done an especially good business, the receipts for one ffav, the opening day after the epidemic quarantine, being The Motor Corps has proved its efficiency and has rendered valiant service in assembling and delivering chapter supplies and materials, in taking canteen workers back and forth, and in carryinj.* nurses to their destinations during the epidemic ; in fact this Motor Corps service has l)een equipped and ready to meet any emergency need. Student Nurse Bcserve — Nearly 250 applied for information; 45 were definitely enrolled and most of them have been assigned for dutv. Influenza Epidemic— A^ the work of the Women s Committee was necessarily at a standstill, the office and workers were turned over to securing nurses. One hundred and sixty calls for nurses were answered and homes were found for young children whose parents bad the tin. A Day Nursery — Has been established and in operation for sev- eral months. This will accomm.odate between 50 and 60 children and supplies them with a good lunch. A fund is also supplied wi'th Avhich to fui-nish milk to all children who are not receiving the proper amount in their d^et. GLENN — ^Irs. C. L. Donohoe, Chairman. Estimated population 7,172. Organized with two city units and ten district units. DEPARTMENT WORK Child Welfare — A baby week with lectures and a clinic was held. The Committee had the voluntary assistance of local physicians and two trained nurses. Sixty-nine children were examined. Plans are all made For further examinations in March. 93 Food Administration — Handled both food pledge campaigns, and arranged for demonstrations of food conservation throughout the County. InformoMon and Library Service — Have sent out all posters and pamphlets furnished, and made collections of books and mag- azines for the camp libraries. Liherty Loan — The Women's Committee was willing to assist, but the men felt they could liandle the campaigns alone. The women were not recognized in this work. Publicity — The press have been very courteous and have pub- lished all material sent them. Bed Cross — The Women's Committee has worked with the Red Cross, and has assisted in everything when called on. SPECIAL WORK Stndent Nurse Eeserve — An effort was made to interest the young women of the County, and some of them entered training in Sao Francisco; one application sent to Washington. HUMBOLDT— Mrs. Eva Ricks, Chairman. Estimated population 45,000. Organized into twentyfive district units. DEPARTMENT WORK Food Administrafion — Regulations and instructions were ex- plained and followed up. The Food Pledges were very fully signed. One of the women rode seV'-nty-five miles on horseback through the roughest part of the County to get signers of the Food Pledges. Liherty Loan — The Committee co-operated in all the Loan Cam- paigns, an.l assisted materially in having the County each time exceed its quota. The other departments were all organized, but have not made detailed reports. SPECIAL WORK Student Nurse Reserve — Three applicants were enrolled for nurse training. IMPERIAL— Mrs. Violette S. Campbell, Chairman. Estimated population 40,000. Organized with six city units. OKT-ARTMENT WORK Americanization — Many School Center meetings were held where patriotic programs were given, not only to awaken general public interest, but for the purpose of reaching the foreign inhabitants through their children. Programs on Americanization have been given by all affiliated organizations. Community singing was gen- eral. 94 Food Adv^nnistratio)! — The Chairman has been untiring in her efforts. It has been difficult work because of the scattered popula- tion, lack of railroad and telephone connections. There was good co-operation with the farm bureau in holding demonstrations and lectures on war-time recipes and substitutes, and "war service" luncheons were held in all the towns of the County. Educaiional Propagmida — This Committee has aided in getting war literature and posters distributed. Speakers have been furnished for all kinds of patriotic meetings. Infonnaiion and, Library Service — Have been most active in distribution of v/ar pamphlets, have raised money for soldiers and sailors' libraries, prepared window displays bearing on various phases of war work, collected and shipped books, and have cheerfully aided all other committees. Home Economics — Much good work can be credited to this Com- mittee, through the schools, and generous co-operation with Food Conservation Committee in preparing window exhibits and arrang- ing for demonstrations. Puhliciiy — This has been a great factor in all the war work of the committees, the Chairman handling most of the publicity for the Men's Liberty Loan Committee, as well as of the Women's Com- mittee activities. Girls' War Service — Has co-operated with Junior Red Cross and worked with business girls who could not join Junior Red Cross. Lihcrty Loan — The Committee worked personally, selling almost as many bonds as the Men's Committee. The men made the larger sales but the women did house-to-house canvassing and much of the publicity. Children's Year — It was impossible to do anything during the Summer on account of the heat, but the Committee has a precinct organization ready to go forward when the influenza epidemic is over. Red Cross — The Women's Committee has given every possible assistance to the Red Cross. SPECIAL WORK The Women's Lavd Army — The Women's Land Army have helped to raise great crops of corn, wheat and cotton, as well as dairy products. The school children were enthusiastic workers in all the drives, in one instance picking cotton to earn money to contribute to the War Library Fund. Influenza Epidemic — The Women's Committee prepared food for the sick, registered and placed nurses. 95 INYO— Mrs. Ber-trand Rhine, Chairman. Estimated population 8,871. Organized in five town units. l>EPARTi1ENT WORK Maintenance of Exhtivg Social Agencies — Survey of hospitals and clubs made, results tabulated and report turned in to the State Chairman of this department. Home and Foreign Rchef — Clothing and funds collected and sent to the Belgians and P^rench. Home Economics --The Chairman of this department has car- ried on the work in tlie County through the schools and has co- operated with the teachers in the work. Clvildren's Year — The Avork of this department has been seriously interrupted by the Influenza Epidemic, but the work of weighing and measuring the children Avill go on as soon as possible. Food Administrafion — A woman director has been appointed in every school district, and literature distributed, talks given and demonstrations made. Women of this committee have been to the Indian School ind have shovN-ed thcin how to use the substitutes and the reasons therefor. Liberty Loan — The women of this committee have made talks and arranged patriotic meetings to arouse enthusiasm in many different towns and have contributed largely to the success of the County in the Liberty Loan Drives. KERN — .Mrs. L. P. (iuiberson. Chairman. Estimated population 54,073. Organized by four city and eleven district units. DFPARTMENT WORK AmGricanization — Tliere being comparatively few foreign speak- ing people in Kern County, and no strictly foreign settlements, or colonies. We did not special work in this department but in the Food Conservation drives, where we came in personal contact with practically every housewife in the county, the workings, needs and desires of the Government were fully explained. The same practice was carried out in all War Fund drives, and Liberty Loan, and War Stamp campaigns, and we feel quite sure that the foreign ele- ment in our County now has a much better conception of the prin- ciples of our government, and the relationship existing between the government and the people, than they had before. The P. T. A. has also done much good along Americanization lines, in the War Gardens, and schools they have established for girls past the com- pulsory age wlicre they have been taught housekeeping, the proper care of children, besides elementary arithmetic, reading, grammar, history and geography. Child We/./are— This department working through the P. T. A. has accom]i]ished a great deal. Last year they fed forty-two under- 96 nourished children at sep;irate tables in their cafeterias, keeping close watch and tab on the improvement of these poor children. A great many garments were made (mostly from old clothes) and given to the poorer children that they might be kept in school. Numerous cases concerning the child referred to tlie committee received careful attention and assistance rendered where necessary. Children's Year — Under the Government plan for Children's Year, the Chairman has vis.ited every community in Kern County where there is a post office and has secured five permanent health centers, outside of Bakersfield and Taft, and a free dental clinic in Bakersfield. Six thousand children under six years of age, are registered by years and months, with address of parents. We have a County nurse and two Scliool nurses for the County. Education — Tn May the Department of Education, at the re- quest of Mrs. Margaret McNaught, State Chairman and member of the State Board of Education, made a survey of the school children in Kern County. Questiomiaires and literature were sent to every teacher in the County. The object being to obtain information as to the effect of tJie war on school attendance. It was found from the survey that the children of Kern County were not being de- prived of educational opportunities because of the war, and more than seventy-five per cent of the teachers expressed their willingness to interest themselves in the children who leave school under sixteen years of ago. Food Ad'ininht ration — Before the appointment of the County Director in Septcmbr, the County had been well canvassed in the interest of food conservation by the Chairman of Economics, and the Woman Director of Kern County Farm Bureaus. There is a well organized Home Section in every Farm Center where prac- tical demonstrations covering the use of all food substitutes have been given ; also demonstrations in canning, preserving and drying fruits and V(^getables. The Woman I)irector urged the signing of Pledge cards to conserve food, and gave out hundreds of gov- ernment bulletins. In the Bakersfield Unit, the Director organized the high school girls during the summer vacation, who canned and dried many hun- dreds of quarts of fruit and vegetables for the use of the school cafeterias and the dependent families of soldiers and sailors. The Woman Director has appointed fifteen chairmen. Each chairman having a captain and lieutenants covering a certain pre- cinct, district or block. Girls' War Work — The Girls' Patriotic League is most inter- esting. It is composed of the women members of the faculty and the girl students of the high schools, and has greatly augmented the work of the Junior Red Cross. They have made 2000 surgical dressings, knitted garments and socks, canned fruit and made sacrifice boxes, bought Liberty Bonds and War Savings Stamps, and taken an active part in the Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A. drives, collected peach pits, made French wool dolls and paper knitting bags. The nuisance of girls hanging around troop trains has been frowned 97 upon anti discouraged. At noontime diversion was afforded the girls by playing the piano, singing and dancing in the gymnasium. Home Economics — In tliis department, the teacher of Domestic Science in the Kern County High School, was appointed chairman, and conservation in every ph{)se has been taught. Practical demon- strations in the cooking of foods and practical help in the use of the various substitutes have gone directly into the various homes, together with hundreds of tested recipes, and many valuable gov- ernment bulletins on food conservation. Library and. Information — Through the County Librarian, who is chairman oC Information and Library Service, 3000 food bulletins and many other govm-nment bulletins, and 600 posters were sent to the branch libraries in the Count}'' and to the schools, thus the people living in the distant mountain or desert regions! of the County were kep)t informed as to how they could besit help to win the war. Liberty Loans — For the first Liberty Loan Drive we were not yet organized. In the second drive, our Committee through its Chairman, offered its services to the regular County Liberty Loan Committee, and our women worked with the regular committee, no separate account was kept. In the third Liberty Loan Drive it is of interest to know that the Vv'oraen of Kern County bought, in their own names, $164,000.(''0 worth, but no separate record of the aid given by our Committee was kept. In the fourth Liberty Loan Drive our Coraroittee did excellent work. Our Committee worked under captains in the regular County Liberty Loan Com- mittee. Mr. Alfred Ilarrell, County Chairman, gives the women credit for selling three-quarters of a million dollars worth of the four Liberty Loan Bonds. Mainicnance of Existivg Social Agencies — The only social agencies in Kern County are th(; County Detention Home and the Children's Shelter. Mr. Badger, Probation Officer, reports 118 cases received during the year, many of whom have been placed in homes of relatives and other private homes. The Children's Siielter is dependent entirely upon local charity. Between June, 1917, and June. 1018, 38 children w^re cared for. From June, 1918, to rlanuary, 1919, 38 were cared for. None of these, the President says, were the result of war conditions. There is also the Infant's League. This organization, number- ing about 75 women, is working to save the little lives and helf the newly made mother, and have a splendid record. They have acquired a hospital fund and a hospital bed, and the free services of a competent physician. Several sets of layettes are continually on hand, as well as talcum j)0wder, safety pins, soap and clean rags. There is also a bed linen loan. Forty-six mothers and their new born babies have been cared for, and many babies supplied with artificial nourJsliment. Forty-four destitute school children were outfitted with warm underclothing. No line is drawn— white, black, ]\Iexiean or Oriental — all received the same conscientious care. Pnblicity- -AW County i)apers have been good in giving publicity to our work. 98 Women in TnclKstrif— The Chairman has co-operated with the Farm Bureau. As conditions and wages of women in Kern County are good, no special adjustments have been found necessary. SPECIAL WORK The first Food Conservation Drive was made and financed entirely by the Women's (.\)minittee. We had full eharire of the Y. W. C. A. War Fund Drive and with a quota of Ji=900.00 we secured $3,997.30. Our County Chairmen all ever the County gave publicity in their districts to the Sailors and Soldiers Insurance, and to the latest U. S. rulings on the Income Tax Law. For the IT. S. Student Nurse Reserve our Committee sent in eleven applications, five of whom are now in the service. During the Influenza Epidemic our Chairmen gave much time to the finding and pla(!ing of nurses, and in nursing and cooking, and, in two instances were at the heads of Red Cross temporary hospitals. Speakers were furnished for Food Conservation, Red Cross, Y. ^\. C. A. and Y. AV. C. A. In all Liberty Loan, Red Cross and War Fund Drives of all kinds, our Committee took an active part. We believe that the active co-operation ol' our Committee and their dissemination of educational propaganda has been of inestimable help in every war activity from money to (^Id clothes. KINGS — ]\rrs. Hope Pyburn-Johnson, Chairman. Estimated population 23,000. Organized in thirty-nine school districts. Has a Woman's War Service Army. DEP.VKTMENT W^ORK Children's Year — Tl'.e Children's Year Committee conducted the June weighing and measuring drive, holding clinics in three towns, Ilanford, Lemoore and Corcoran. Previous to the date of clinic a survey by school districts of children from six months to six years, Avas made. Children from each district were assigned to center most convenient and parents were notified as to time and place for their examination. There was no sample score card in the hands of the Committee until the Secretary of the Japanese Associa- tion came with forty Japanese children, bringing with him elaborate and extensive instructions from the Japanese Consul. One thousand and fifty-eight children were examined in the County. Hanford, 453; Corcoran, 105, and Lemoore, 500. The November drive was not carried out on account of the Influenza Epidemic. The Children's Year Committee were very active and helpful in the campaign for the establishment of a Local Health District, fully appreciating the value of such a movement for cliild life. When this effort proved vain, the Committee turned their attention to the securing of a Public Health Nurse. This project is their final and crowning accomplish- 99 inent. Kings County takes its place with all forward looking com- munities and gives notice to the world that its children are con- sidered as valuable as its live stock and therefore are to receive in- telligent public care and protection. Early in the year, when this department was known as Child Welfare, there was a very in- structive and educational meeting held by the Chairmen to consider the topic Children and the War. Speakers presented three phases of the subject: Child Conservation, Children and Public Health and. Education and Ideals. This was in the nature of education propaganda for the Department. EcTiication-T-The Questionnaire sent out by the State Chairman of P]ducation was mailed to each school in the County. The returns were highly unsatisfactory ; of the three thousand school children in Kings County returns were made of only about one-third of that number. Food Administration — The first activity of the Women's Com- mittee in Kings County was the July drive for Food Pledges. A very good response was had, and many of the workers who have proven faithful to the last were active in this first undertaking. All arrangements had been made, according to instructions from the State oftiee, for the carrying out of the November drive for Food Pledges, when it was announced that a special director for this work had been appointed. Tim Women's Committee turned over its plans and its workers to this new organization and worked with untiring energy throughout the drive. Previous to the JSToveinber Food Pledge Drive the Women's Committee offered two prizes (one for girls and one for boys) to the elementary schools in Kings County, for the best essay upon the subect ''Why Our Mothers Should Sign the Food Pledge." Prizes were awarded to winners during Food Conservation Mass l^Teeting, November 1st, 3917. This proved to be a very good form of Food Propaganda. Prize essays were published in local newspapers. The Housekeeper's Institute, a two days' meeting was con- ducted by the Food Conservation Chairman. There were three speakers with practical demonstrations in substitutes for wheat, meat, sugar and fats. The demonstrators were furnished by the University of California Extension Dej)artment. Following closely upon the November drive was the appointment of a Woman Director for the Food Administration of Kings County. All further work among the women for the Food Administration was carried out under her supervision. An active campaign was conducted for Food Con- servation in which work the whole Women's Committee co-operated heartily. Health and, Recreation — When this Department was organized as Public Health the Chairman submitted a very comprehensive pro- gram of activity. The first project was a proposal to the people of Kings County for the formation of a Local Health District, to in- clude and be coincident with the county boundaries. This under- taking represented perhaps the most important effort of this Com- mittee. It covered seven months of effort, which included petitions 100 circnlatf^d through the entire County; educational meetings, pub- licity, conferences, witli City Trustees and County Supervisors. The aim sought was a full time Health Officer and a unified Health Administration for the whole County. The effort was organized under Assembly Bill No. 1424. The City Trustees of the_ three municipalities refused to endorse the movement and thus it was aborted, but from the standpoint of education in matters of Pub- lic Health the effort was not lost and when the project is again undertaken the seed that was sown will spring into life and bear a fruitful harvest. Information and Library Service — The County Library has been the center for distribution of all classes of information and reference requested by the different departments. Mimeographed copies of any material presented were always gladly prepared by the office force. Liberty Loan — The Women's Committee, while never taking di- rect charge of Liberty Loan work has always been ready to assist in any way, only waiting to be directed by the County Chairman. The Woman Director has always been a member of the Executive Committee of this organization. Maintenance of Existing Social Agencies — Being largely a rural community, the number of Social Agencies in the County is small. Therefore the activities of tin's Department have been rather limited. However, the questionnaire sent out by the State office was dis- tributed and investigation of facilities for training prospective student nurses was made. Publicity — The public i)ress have given space as they found they could to the different activities of the Women's Committee. This has been appreciated. Much of importance has been crowded out by the flood of matericil that the different war activities have >=;ent out. Red Cross — The Red Cross has had the hearty support of the Women's Committee at all times and through the Woman's War Service Army they have made a survey of available help for the Influenza patients during the recent epidemic. The Christmas Roll Call Drive for Kings County was also handled by this War Or- ganization, Women in Industry — At the request of the Women's Committee of Kings County the San Joaquin Valley District Federation of Women's Clubs placed the subject of Women in Industry upon its nrogram for the 1918 session of that organization held in Hanford. Katherine Phillips Edson, State Chairman of this Department was ^he speaker chosen. Her address was the source of much favorable comment, and proved very enlightening to those interested in this phase of the War Problems. SPECIAL WORK Student Nurse Reserve — The work of recruiting for the Student Nurse Reserve was carried on in Kings County during the second week in August. Executive members in each district were notified of the drive and requested to make a survey of her territory for 101 possible recruits and directed to have any candidates appear at recruiting headquarters during the dates mentioned. The Red Cross cc-operated in furnishing recruiting officers to act with members of the Women's Committee. The response of recruits was not as ready ^s we had hoped for and of those who applied many lacked the educational qualifications. Only two of those who applied were educationally qualified for the Array Nursing School and only one of this number registered for this work and she was accepted in a civilian hospital and hence was not reported to the Government for service. Of the twenty who applied, only one was finally properly registered and sent through the Government agency to a hospital training school. However, of the twenty who applied we have knowledge of four who are now receiving their training, all going into hospital training schools immediately upon learning of the need for student nurses. So while actually reporting only one re- cruit to headquarters. Kings County actually contributed at least four student nurses to the cause of humanity. Iniiuenza Epidemic — At the request of the Red Cross the TV omen's Committee co-operated with the Chamber of Commerce office force in the registering of help, both nursing and home keepers, male and female, for the influenza sufferers. This included the registering of those in need and the final bringing together of the help and the helpless. In this way sixty-five helpers were placed and also food and clothing distributed to needy cases. Of those volun- teering their services in this crisis many fell victim to the disease, nnd t\vo young women. Miss Beth Rourke and Mrs. Esther Mercke, gave their lives. These young lives were as much sacrificed to the cause of humanity as any of the heroes who have fallen on the field of battle and we pause in silent tribute to their memory. Y. W. C. A Drive — Thp Women's Committee assumed charge of the first drive for funds for the Y. W. C. A. A definite quota was a^isigned to each district and within one week Kings County quota of $1,000 was subscribed. A check for $1,173.30 was forwarded tc the Ti^resno Headquarters. 'Wonmn's War Service Army — Acting upon the suggestion of the Mills Conference, the Kings County Women's Committee organ- ized the Woman's War Service Army, a semi-military body with a Major in command and Captain in charge of each school district. The captain has two lieutenants and as many sergeants as the popula- tion warrants. In the towns the city block was made the unit of territory. In the rural districts the geographical section was the unit. Each captain was furnished with a blue print map of her territory and explicitly instructed as to organization. The captain of the school district automatically becamie the executive member for that district upon the Women's Committee. The plan has proven very effective and the army has handled the drives and sur- veys placed in its charge with entire satisfaction. ('ommunity Coyncils — The Women's Committee co-operated with the Kings County War Relief Association in conducting a Patriotic Rally at which time speakers presented the matter of Community Council. In the organization of this movement, the Women's Com- 102 mittee gave full support. One of the features of the all-day program v\'as the Woman's Conservation Luncheon, given under the auspices of the Women's Committee. At this luncheon was presented re- port's from all t)ie Woutmi's organizations in Kings County doing nny form of wfir work. Reduciion of Delivcrie<; — At the request of the Women's Com- mittee the matter of reduction of deliveries was considered by the >rierehai:ts of the County and a two delivery a day system adopted. LAKl ill rndiisfry — One Iinndred women signed for work in tl'.e cannery at Ukiah. Seven additional signed for emergency work, (wenty-iive for work in the hop fields, three for work in the fruit orchards, one for ranch work, two for chauffeurs, and two for any kind of work. Besides twelve girls under sixteen years of age signed for work where they would be most needed — a total of one hundred and fiftj^-lAvo being thus enrolled. The large cannery in Ukiah has filled big Government contracts by the aid of this help. Excellent work was done in the other departments, the County exeeedings its quotas in liiberty Loans, Red Cross, Belgian Relief and United War Work drives. SPECIAL WORK Student Nurse Reserve — Ten applicants were enrolled for train- ing as nurses. Belgian Belief — The Red Cross asked the War Service Army to conduct the drive for clothing for the Belgian Relief. In four days the War Service Army secured double the quota requested. Influenza Epidemic — At the beginning of the epidemic the Coun- ty Chairman requested the a\layor of Ukiah to call a meeting of all the doctors in the town and to ask an army doctor who was available and had had charge of combating epidemics, to be present and represent the Women's Committee. At this meeting it was this representative who cast the deciding vote and closed the schools. A booth was immediately established by the Women's Com- mittee in the Court House Square, from which thousands of masks were sold or given away. Handbills were printed calling upon volun- teers for household and nursing service in stricken families. The handbills were wrapped in the butchers', the grocers' and the dry goods packages of the merchants and reached all the people inside of two hours. Arrangements were made at the two hotels where nurses could secure room, hot baths and meals for themselves gratis. Since many of the families" had no adequate facilities to offer, we felt it important to conserve the health and well-being of the nurses in this manner. The Chairman and six women who alternated in charge of the mask Ijooth, were made "deputy health officers." A registrar was installed and every one wishing to give food, service or help of any kind was registered. This was placed at the disposal of the Red Cross Emergency Hospital and covered all possible needs. Groups of school teachers met together, after registering with the Com- mittee, and sewed, making hospital garments, pneumonia jackets and masks to order as they were needed. People registered to supply cream soups, broths, custards and jellies. Men as well as women registered for nursing, wood-chopping, chores, fire-making, etc. An ambulance service was installed under the direction of the Women's War Service Army to transfer patients to and from the hospital, to carry nurses to stricken houses and for general service in connection with the epidemic. All of the women engaged in the work were careful to be continuously masked and none of them had influenza. 121 The town was well masked inside of four days and the number of eases dropped from thirty or forty a day to four or five. From the sale of masks at ten cents each about $200 was realized. With this we are equipping our Health Center in con- nection with the Children's Year, and plan to buy a fine pair of scales and all the necessary things which had not previously been donated. PIERCED— Mrs. John Stebbins, Chairman. Estimated population 20,000. Organized in two main divisions, East and West. Within these divisions it is organized by departments. DEPARTMENT WORK Children's Year — Campaign for weighing, measuring, and regis- tration of babies carried out thoroughly. Food Adwhiistration and Home Economics — The food pledge campaign received good support. A lecturer from the University of (/alifornia conducted demonstrations throughout the County. Food Permits were issued by the Chairman. Recipes were regularly pub- lislied. Classes in child and adult nutrition w^ere organized. Liberty Loan — The Women's Committee did effective work in the Liberty Bond campaigns and for War Savings Stamps. Red, Cross — The Committee assisted in organizing the local Red Cross chapter. It continued in active co-operation with all its work. Women in Industry and- Land Army — Twenty-one women from this County worked in the fields in a very successful unit of the Land Army. The women worked side by side v»'ith the men, and by their purpose and industry and earnest desire to help with the labor problem did much to overcome the prejudice against women in industry and acted as a wonderful stimulus to the men to ac- complish more. Other Departments were well organized and carried on the regidar work. SPECIAL WORK Stt'dent Nurse lleserve — Seven candidates were enrolled for nurse's training. Influenza Epidemic — A clearing house for relief was maintained at Women's (Committee Headquarters. Calls for physicians were investigated. Automobiles were furnished to take patients to the County Hospital. A permanent full-time health officer for the County was urged. I^abor — A Labor Bureau and Free Employment Exchange was maintained at the Headquarters of the Women's Committee. A special registration was conducted for ship workers. MiscMlaneoiis — The "one-delivery a day" system for stores was established. Committees have assisted in "Jack-rabbit Control" and fire fighting. 122 IMODOC— Miss Augusta. Caldwell, Chairman, Julv, 1917, to Septem- ber, 1918; Mrs. Walter Sherlock, Chairman, September, 1918, to date. Estimated population 6,191. Organized in six district units. DEPART MEN T WOK K Educai ion- -The Committee prepared a report upon the Educa- tional condition cf the County. Food Administration and Home Economics — After tlie Food Pledge Campaign which was successfully conducted, special food les- sons and demonstrations were given by the school classes and teachers in Conservation methods. SPECIAIj v^ork A special bureau of speakers and information was establisbed with ten regular speakers enrolled. ]\10N0— Mrs. Menk Edwards, Chairman, July, 1917, to September, 1918; Miss ]\lildred M. Gregory, Chairman, Septemb(^r, 1918, to date. Estimated population 2,100. This County has a very sparse and scattered population, almost entirely rural in character, and is only reached in one corner by a railroad. p]tfective work was done by Children's Year Committee in weigh- ing and measuring babies, by the Educational Propaganda Depart- ment, and in the Food Administration campaigns. MONTER.EY--j\lrs. W. V. Grimes, Chairman. Estimated population 25,250. Organized with five district units. DEPARTMENT WORK Americanization — We have worked among the Chinese in the missions. The Japanese have responded wonderfully to our teachings. We have also been able to do some "Americanization" among other foreign classes. Children's Year— One "Baby Day" was held in Pacific Grove with fine results. Monterey was ready for a "Baby Day" but it had to be called off. All District Chairmen accomplished some good work during the Children's Year. Education- -Distrk-i Chairmen have striven to carry out the work sent out by our State Chairman. EdurationaJ Propaganda was carried out with good results. 123 Food Adnrinistration — The Chairman gave valuable assistance in this work; no district was neglected. Circulars were distributed and every other means was carried out to aid in Food Conservation. Home Ec07Wmics — Was one of our best pieces of work in the County. Demonstrations have been held in canning and drying vegetables. Our schools have given good assistance and our people were eager to learn and to help others in preparing foods. Information and Library Service was well worked out in Mon- terey County as a means of distributing posters and other publicity material. Lihertif Loan — Our women helped in many ways and many of our women bought lionds. Monterey County always met its allot- ment without delay. Puhliciiy — Our newspapers responded nobly to our calls. Bed Cross — Work was among the best in the country. The sewing was nicely done and many garments were sent out. Monterey County was given commendation for its work. SPECIAL V^'-ORK Student Nnrse Reserve — Twenty applicants were registered. Speakers and Information — We have sent out many good speak- ers. All information has been widely distributed. Influenza Epidemic — Aid w^as given wherever it could be. Comrminity Singing was had in all towns. Woman's Land Army — Many signed for work on farms. While Monterey County has not taken up any special work, we have earnestly worked along all lines that would benefit our country. In the emergency resulting from the early rains women and girls worked in the beanfields help to save the beans from an utter loss. Our women have willingly helped when occasion demanded. Many of our women sent their boys to help win the victory. NAPA — Mrs. Percy S. King. Chairman. Estimated population 20,000. Organized in five district units and six departments, but no detailed report has come of department work. Liberty Loan — The women of the County are credited with rais- ing over $250,000 in the Fourth Liberty Bond Campaign. Able as- sistance was given in the earlier campaigns. Other departments especially organized and active included Children's Year, Educational Propaganda, Food Administration, Economics and Publicity. SPECIAL WORK Student Nurse Reserve — Five applications were received for training as nurses. 124 NEVADA — Mrs. Nellie Hartman, Chairman, August, 1917, to Sep- tember, 1918; Mrs. James Watt, Chairman, October, 1918, to date. Estimated population 14',955. Organized in nine city units. DEPARTMENT WORK Food Administration — Co-operation of moving picture theaters was obtained for showing slides and for lectures on food conserva- tion and food vnlues. A very large number of food pledges were signed. Home Economics — As the women of this county have canned everything including chicken, for many years, the demonstrators from the State University left announcing that they had learned more from the women of Nevada County than they had taught. Liberty Loan — Women bought themselves and sold to others a total of over $194,000 bonds in the County. Eight hundred and seventy-five women bought bonds, and four hundred and fifty in- dividual sales were made by them. Information and Library Service — In the drive for books and funds to buy them the County raised $365.28, or $65.00 over its quota, and also forwarded many volumes. Other Departments have carried on excellently the regular woi'k assigned to them. SPECIAL V\^ORK Student Nurse Reserve — Five applications were received for training as nurses. Home and Foreign Belief — Five tons of clothing and more than $1,000 was forwarded to the Belgians. ORANGE — Mrs. A. J. Lawtcu, (liairman. Estiuiated population 14,955. Organized with nine city units. Has Women's War Service Army. Have held twenty-three business meetings and six open meetings with speakers on war topics. Americanization — a. Assisted in organizing a class for Red Cross Work for Mexican women. b. Furnished transportation for Mexican women to and from a cooking class. c. Assisted in publicity work for two open meetings on Amer- icanization. d. Assisted the Local Chapter of the D. A. R. in arranging for a public meeting at Birch Park in June, 1918, for Mexicans. About five hundred were present. A Service Flag was given to every family having a son in the service. An American flag was given to every Mexican present. 125 Children's Year — The Chairman reports thirty-six child Avelfare circles doing efficient work in as many Parent-Teachers' organizations. There are two Welfare Stations in Orange County. Report of Registration of Children under six years — made in June, 1938: Total Registration — 3182. Number above normal — 2422. Number normal — 162. Number under normal — 598. Made a survey of the schools for a record of children attending school between the ages of six and sixteen. Number of Questionnaires sent out — 54. Number returned — 27. Total enrollment reported — 3815. Number of children known to be out of school — 51. Number graduated from. Elementary Schools not in High School— 12. Education and Educational Propaganda — Sent out thirty cir- cular letters to as many women's organizations in the County, ex- plaining the work of this department, also sent literature contain- ing suggestions for programs. Advised holding open meetings with speakers to present some of the subjects included in the outline for study. Food, Administration — First Food Pledge drive in June, 1918; number of cards signed, 565. Second Food Pledge drive in Novem- ber, 19] 8; number of cards signed, 7500. Potato campaign — May 1st to June 1st, 1918. Sent out seventy-two circular letters to precinct Chairmen. Pre- pared and sent to eighteen newspapers in the County — three separate articles giving information on the subject. The grocers were asked to keep an account of the May sales — this showed a substantial in- crease over the previous month's sales. Sugar Permits: This work covered a period from August 1st to November 1st, 1918. Had thirty-three deputies in twenty-seven different sections of the County giving out permits. literature Mailed out : Leaflets and posters, 4000. IT. S. Food Bulletins, 700. The Chairman visited and talked before thirty or more Women's organizations. Personally supervised arrangements for twenty or more food demonstrations by the Government Home Demonstration Agent, in as many cities and towns. Co-operated with the County Farm Adviser in interesting the M'omen of the County in this work. Spoke at seven Farm Bureau meetings. Had the voluntary service of one hundred and thirty-five women in the (Jounty and twenty-three stenographers and typists in the office for carrying on the food conservation Avork. Ch'rls' War Service — Meetings were held twice a month, at which time garments for French Orphans were made. Sold "INIatch the President" Liberty Bonds to the amount $1000 .00. Earned the following money for Red Cross: $75.00 for serving at banquets. Sold 126 ^200.00 worth uf tickets to Auto Show, $50.00 at ice cream booth, and $270.00 "Indoor Garden Fete." Assisted the Women's Committee by decorating windows for Potato Drive. Originated and presented a little play entitled, "A Hoover Wedding," at three separate enter- tainments — this in tile interest of Food Conservation. Took part in all the drives for funds — Red Cross, Liberty Loan, War Savings, Y. W. C. A., United War Work, etc. Made a canvass for the Women's Committee to get a record of all employes of business firms in Santa Ana. This was done for the Labor Bureau at Wash- ington, D. C. Hoim Economics — A class for women once a week was held in the Domestic Science Department of the Santa Ana High School, during the summer months. Also class for Mexican w^omen once a week for same period. Orange liigh School : Teacher and High School girls gave cook- ing demonstration. Had a "down town" demonstration for Potato Drive, The Huntington Beach, Anaheim and Fullerton High School Domestic Science teachers gave valuable service in food conservation work. Information and Library Service — All libraries in the County maintain bulletin boards for War information. Also had separate tables and shelves for books on War Subjects and Food Conservation. Some of the Libraries made card catalogues of food conservation recipes. Liherty Loan — Second Liberty Loan : Committees were appointed in the twelve sections of the County as per division for the work. They did publicity work and canvassed with the men. No separate record was kept of their work. Third Liberty Loan : Chairmen were appointed in fifteen sections of the County. These were not permitted to do house to house can- vassing, but confined their efforts to w^ork among women's organiza- tions. They sold $57,500.00 worth of bonds. Fourth Liberty Loan : Chairmen were appointed in twenty-eight localities; as in the Third Loan the work was done mainly with women's organizations. Of the twenty-five w^omen's societies in Santa Ana twenty took one or more bonds. As in former drives the women put forth their efforts mainly in publicity w^ork, and the men very generously divided the credit on a 50-50 basis, giving the women of the County a record of $1,378,850.00 in bonds sold. Maintenance of Existing Social Agencies — Under the direction of the State Chairman a survey was made of tw^elve organizations in the County doing social welfare work for the purpose of ascertaining if their financial support was being curtailed on account of w^ar con- ditions. Every one of the twelve reported their usual w^ork being kept at the standard of pre-war activities. Puhlicity — The usual work pertaining to this department was well and faithfully performed. Red Cross — Members of the Women's Committee assisted with Red Cross drives for membership and funds, also with sewing and work in the Sliop and in all other ways possible. 127 ^Y<>^)^ell i)i Indusfrij — The greatest part of this work was gather- ing- information and in giving help where it was asked. Education and preventive measures have been the first step toward a eon strnctive policy. Orange County has but few industries where women labor had to be substituted for that of men in such quantity that it was hard to procure. Thider this department an industrial survey was made. This included only manufacturing and repair plants that employed four or more persons. The result was mostly educative, the prepara- tion of employers for the introduction of women into industrial occupations. Visits to packing houses and canneries to learn actual conditions showed that the provisions for the comfort of women workers was satisfactory. Co-operation with Labor Agencies in the County has be(»n the aim of this department. Positions were found for about one hundred women. Many of these were by the hour or day's work. One thing Avorthy of note is the apathy and lack (if interest on the part of most employers in general industrial conditions. SPECIAL WORK student Nurse Reserve — The Women's Committee established six enrollment stations in the County for registering for Student Nurse Reserve. There were eighteen student nurses registered at these stations and four Orange County girls registered in Los Angeles. Fairs and E.rhihits — An exhibit of canned and dried fruit and vegetables was maintained in the food conservation window at Com- mittee headquarters during, the canning season. There were seven varieties of canned fruit and vegetables and six of same dried. The County Chairman assembled a collection of canned fruit and jellies for Orange County's exhil)it at the Liberty Fair held in Los An- geles in December. The five dozen glasses of .ielly received ten prizes^$3.00 for each half dozen of one variety. Speakers and, Information — The "Women's Committee sent out speakers on food conservation and Liberty Loan, Red Cross and Y. W. C. A. drives. Community Singing — A Chairman was appointed to have charge of community singing in the several localities where it was intended or organize community councils. This work has not yet been done. Prof. Francis J. Haynes, the Chairman, has his committees named and ready for woi-k. Coo],- Books, or Other Printed, flatter — The cook book^"Ten Cent Lunches" v.as compiled and published by the Second Section Household Economics, Santa Ana Ebell Societj''. Tlif American CreeA, printed on appropriate cards, was fur- nished l)y the C'ounty Chairman and is being mailed to the Presi- dents of organizations and leaders of sections to be used at the open- ing of their meetings. Roster of Orange County Men in Service — A canvass of the entire County is now being made by the precinct Chairmen and their committees, for the military record of every Orange County man 128 in service. This is being done for the War History Department of the State Council of Defense. Wow.en's Lai\d Army — The Women's Committee gave assist- ance and moral support to the Committee from the Los Angeles office in placing twenty-five Land Army women in Orange County to work at harvesting tomatoes for a seed factory. Their work was very satisfactory. Home Gardens — The County Chairman of the Women's Com- mittee named a representative on a County Home Gardens Com- mittee. A County organization has been formed with Mrs. Bradshaw as Secretary. The work will be under the supervision of principals and teachers in the public schools. PLACER— Mrs. J. D. Stewart, Chairman, June, 1917, to March, 1918; Mrs. C. K. Schnabel, Chairman, June, 1918, to date. Estimated population 20,000. Placer County has no large cities; it was difficult to organize in rural districts. Mass meetings were held wherever possible to arouse public support for war activities. Posters were placed in prominent place, slides were shown in theatres; the ministers as- sisted. All districts of the County were visited and there was a fine response in all "drives." DEPAETMENT WORiK Children's Year — Program was carried on successfully. Food Administration — Both food pledge campaigns and all di- rections of the Food Administration were carried out. The County was well organized with thirty-two sub-chairmen, the doctrine of Food Conservation was spread by meetings and demonstrations; by the aid of teachers, and the help of the children. Food Conservation literature was distributed by the Junior Red Cross messengers. The Chairman wrote articles regularly for the one daily paper in the County. Liberty Loan — The Women's Committee carried on a large share of Liberty Loan work. Educational Propaganda — This Chairman has been very active, distributing literature to the homes, and placing speakers at the disposal of the clubs. A Land Army was active in the County. PLUMAS — Mrs. L. A. Pringle, Chairman, January, 1918, to June, 1918. Report prepared by Miss Fay Miller. Estimated population 8,250. A mining and lumbering County. Not organized. About seventy-five per cent of the work on the War Savings Stamp Drives was done by women. 129 Splendid work was done by the Women's Committees of the County during the Third Liberty Loan Campaign. In the Fourth, almost twice the quota allotted the County was raised by the women alone. In seven out of twenty districts the entire work of carrying on the campaign, was done by the Women's Committee. Women were included among the Four Minute speakers. The women have obtained practically all the Red Cross mem- berships. They also took an active part in the Red Cross Drive. Almost all the work done by the Junior Red Cross has been super- intended by the women. An enormous amount of work has been done by the Production Committee of the Red Cross throughout the County. Just at present a list of the goods sent to Headquarters is not obtainable. A large share of the work done during the United War Work Campaign was also done by the women. The County Librarian had charge of the book drives and sent the liooks which were collected to the State Library at Sacramento. RIVERSIDE— Mrs. Clark McEuen, Chairman. Estimated population 45,000. Seventeen town units. Has War Service Army. DEPARTMENT WORK Americanization has been furthered, especially by the Daugh- ters of the American Revolution and the school teachers: of the County. The D. A. R. has given social entertainments to foreigners, had them addressed on war subjects in their own language, and showed an interest in their welfare. The teachers have sent many vital messages into foreign households through the children, and have reached and helped the motliers in many ways. Children's Year is not finished yet and the great results hoped for are not yet ready to publish, but we are sure they are coming. There is a splendid free medical and dental clinic for children in Riverside and two public heallh nurses in the County. We are planning a greater drive for weighing and measuring in March and much interest is manifest. Education and Educational Propaganda have had Chairmen at work. Food Administration has been one of our most active depart- ments. The County Home Demonstration Agent, the County Chair- man and the Woman Food Director have worked together to spread the gospel of conservation. There were demonstrations of uses of substitute flours, sweets and fats, throughout the County. Two com- munity kitchens were established where women canned surplus fruits and vegetables to be sold, and where women could come with their own materials to do their own work. These were very satisfactory and will probably be used every year. Every suggestion or re- quest of the Food Administration was carried out. The Food Card was in every home in the County. 130 Girls' War Service was rendered through the Patriotic League in the high schools, the Junior Red Cross in the grammar schools, the many girls' clubs in the Y. W. C. A. Health and Recreation work was practiced in the Riverside Y. W. C. A. and the War Camp Community Service. A woman em- ployed by the city, a trained social worker, was a great success in Riverside, and another woman helped in the entertaining of soldiers and was called the "Mother of March Field." A detention cottage for diseased women was fitted up at the County Hospital. Home Economics was taught through the domestic science teach- ers and the Home Demonstration Agent. Information and Library Service reached into and supplemented every line of effort. Our County Librarian and every assistant throughout the County gave much time and effort to serve the cause. There were constant exhibits of posters, distribution of literature, and most libraries were used as recruiting offices for student nurses. Liberty Loan in Riveride County was put over the top by com- mittees of men and women working together. Neither could say just how much of the credit belonged to the women, but the men admitted the^^ could not get along without their help. Maintenance of Existing Social Agencies was well attended to. When a member of the State Board of Health said our County Hos- pital had improved one hundred per cent in the past year, we took to ourselves part of the credit. The children's detention home was aided by our influence. We believe all existing social agencies have gained rather than fallen behind during the year. Publicity^, has been given our work and the Government's calls by the PubMity Chairman. She has sent out copy to every news- paper in theT^ounty and has met with uniform helpfulness from all. Red Oro.w has had wonderful success in Riverside County. All branches of work have done more than asked, and many new ideas have helped in raising funds. During the Influenza epidemic the Red Cross took charge of relief. It now has a most efficient Home Relief Department. Womsn in Industry — Our County being agricultural, we had no factory problems. Women and girls in the canneries, and child labor in the cotton fields have received our careful attention. SPECIAL WORK Sfndent Nurse Reserve — We have done our utmost, by public speakers, press notices, and house to house canvassing, to gain student nurses. We have worked long and faithfully to procure a training school in our County Hospital, and believe it will soon come about. Ten applicants were recruited. A Motor Corps has been maintained in almost every town to assist in the many drives. In Riverside the Corps has been especially helpful during the Influenza epidemic, taking nurses and supplies where needed. It is still in service and is often called on by the Red Cross for quick work. During the Southern California Fair at Riverside, the Food Administration, Home Economics, and Red Cross had fine exhibits. 131 Ie the Red Cross tent a Nurses' Registration Bureau was in active operation all the time. The fear of the coming epidemic prevented our carrying out extensive plans for Children's Year at this time. l^he Influeiiza Epidemic brought help from every branch of work. The Women Precinct Army made a house to house canvass for nurses, house helpers, food donations, care for children, etc. The lied Cross was busy day and night trying to send nurses Avhere needed. The Community Kitchen of Corona furnished hot food to the emergency hospital there, and fed many hungry. Our Ccunty Chairman of Nursing was at the head of the County relief, and was sent ly the supervisors to organize relief in distant parts of the County. Community Singing was practiced throughout waJ>**ime. In the public parks, the picture theaters, the churches, Y. ^W^C. A., Y. M. C. A. and at March Field many ''sings" were led by our Chairman accompanied by a band. The Women's Land Army has done fine work in our County and is still busy here. The Women's Committee has aided them in furnishing their home, and has been glad to uphold them in every way possible. An Army of Women, with a captain in every precinct, was organ- ized and ready to aid in the placing of the new food cards. For this they were not needed, but they did aid in locating helpers during the epidemic. *«" Although the regular work of the Women's Comipfttee has ceased, we expect to aid Children's Year, Community Councils, and the Memorial Day for our soldiers. Any time we canWnd our State or Nation we stand ready. A SACRAMENTO— Mrs. A. A. Coddard, Chairma?i, JuW, 1917, to August, 1918; /■ , >•*■" ^ iMrs. C. T). Webster, Chairman, August, 1918, to date. Estimated population 92,130. Organized with fourteen town units. DEPARTMENT W^ORK Americamzation — Meetings have been held and work has been carried on under the direction of the Housing and Immigration Commission, co-operating with the Parent Teachers' Federation. Education — The questionnaire sent out to city and county teach- ers showed ninety-five per cent of city children in schools, eighty- five per cent of county children : some of whom are seasonal workers. In elementary city schools, no children kept out because of relatives in war service. In the county six per cent of children in elementary grades are out of school for above reason. Food Administration (County) — Collected fruit and vegetables for canning and distributed literature, etc. 132 Home Economics — The Chairman of Home Economics reports most of her work done through schools and Mother's Clubs. She made a tour of inspection through the County to look after fruit that was going to waste but found little. Canned at State Fair fruit and vegetables sent in by County Food Administrator, also fruit and vegetables used by exhibitors. These will be used at Mather Field for Thanksgiving. Arranged an exhibit at State Fair. During the influenza epidemic, established three diet kitchens, one at Nurses' Home, County Hospital, one at Victory Hospital and one at Lincoln School. The Lincoln School kitchen served two hundred and eighty-five families, three times a day, during the epidemic — 12,619 meals in all. Health and Ecereation — The Chairman reports co-operating with other organizations in Social Hygiene work and in raising Soldiers' Recreation Fund. Information and Library Service — Distributed literature sent by State Chairman. Placed official food bulletins in main and branch libraries. Distributed war work campaign literature, also posters and book marks for library part of drive. Liberty Loan, CHy — ^The City Chairman with over three hun- dred workers, collected $2,750,000. Liberty T^oan, County — The County Chairman, with over fifty- six workers, collected $840,775. Total for City and County, $3,090,775. City and County together staged a women's evening parade. Over three thousand women carrying Japanese lanterns marched through the city singing patriotic songs. The "Women's Committee was responsible for over twelve hundred of these marchers and all the singing. Women served as Four-Minute speakers at Liberty Loan campaigns. Maintenance of Existing Social Agencies — The Chairman has been an active agent in collecting information; requested Supervisors to increase allotment for dependent children, receiving promises of help. Pvblicity — Has been given to all Council of Defense work and propaganda, unless already covered by some other local organization. Red Cross — Every quota, both of surgical supplies and hospital clothing, has been filled. No call — local, state or national — -has been turned down. Classes in "First Aid" Nursing and Dietetics have been maintained. Nurses, food and clothing were provided during the recent epidemic — all organized relief work being supervised and controlled by the Red Cross. Registration — The work that would naturally fall under this de- partment has been largely cared for by local Liberty Leagues. The Chairman has undertaken the registration of soldiers and sailors and collection of data under the direction of the War History Com- mittee. Tlie Children's Year — For the weighing and measuring cam- paign, the Child Welfare and Education Chairmen gave valuable aid in securing assistance of physicians and nurses, clinics and follow- 133 up work. Three thousand three hundred and twelve children were examined, of whom one thousand four hundred and forty were de- fectives. Women in Industry — The Chairman has made surveys of labor and managed the Women's Land Army; a most successful enter- prise in this section. It secured units for fruit picking and other necessary help for farmers. War Fropaganda — Newspaper articles, etc., of war interest have been collected. Music — The Chairman has organized all classes of women for community singing of patriotic songs. In co-operation with the Government Music Chairman, she has held weeks of song and noon community song service in lobby of State Capitol — trained depart- ment store clerks, church organizations, etc., to sing in parades and did most of the work for a large Thanksgiving community song service. (One of the most valuable departments in this community.) Child We//are— Investigated cases where children were employed contrary to law. Solicited cakes and jellies for Mather Field and medical attendance for soldiers' families. Provided eighteen gowns for children in hospital with influenza ; also complete changes of clothing for children taken care of by Sisters of Mercy while parents had influenza. SPECIAL WORK Much of the work of this Committee comes under this heading. Chairman served on special Milk Price Committee for Mr. Ralph ^lerritt. State Food Administrator. Issued sugar cards for County Food Administrator for August and September. One hundred and sixty-eight women worked eight days. To conserve man-power, urged single daylight delivery system on milk distributors. Plan now in successful operation. Enlisted all working women for women's night parade — over 1200. Assisted exemption boards when needed. One hundred and thirty women helped send out questionnaires. Twelve women helped several days each in filling out question- naires. Cakes, jellies, soups, fruit, automobiles rides, etc., have been pro- vided for Mather Field. Four soldiers' wives were cared for before, during and after confinement — until able to join their husbands, who had been trans- ferred elsewhere. An investigation into rumors of neglect and mismanagement a1 a local training camp proved false. During epidemic ; ]\Iade 100 masks for ^Mather Field. Made 2550 masks for Red Cross. Furnished one automobile and two helpers for Red Cross. Two automobiles and three helpers for soup kitchen. One automobile and two helpers for Ann Land charity relief work. (This is a fund left by William Land — known as the Ann 134 Land fund, the interest from which is used by the eity for helping worthy, destitute people.) One man nurse for County Hospital. Seven nurses for affiicted families. One full-time helper for City Health Department. Enlisted forty-six volunteer workers among the teachers. Our first Vice-President cared for two influenza patients, who were unable to procure nurses. Student Nurse Reserve — Second Nurses Drive was not under- taken, coming as it did in the midst of the Liberty Loan Campaign, when all our forces were at work. From the first drive thirty-one finally completed applications. Placed thirty-nine women at the disposal of the War Chest Committee during their final drive. SAN BENPrO— Mrs. Kathryn Taylor, Chairman. Estimated population 9,000. Organized with twenty-six school districts. Has Women's War Service Army. DEPAKTMENT WORK Am.ericanizaiioii — Typewritten lessons have been prepared in civics. Under a trained leader, Conimunity Singing has been intro- duced. Plans were made for the housing and recreation of for- eigners during fruit picking season. Night classes have been estab- lished among the foreigners in English and civil government, and in child welfare among the foreign mothers. Child Welfare — Eree clinicsi were arranged for mothers one hour each week, when their babies could be examined free of charge, and remedies provided for those who could not afford to pay. The importance of having all children examined is being emphasized. Food Administration — Reports from the District Chairmen show that the people throughout the County are following suggestions made by this department, and doing their utmost to co-operate in every particular. The schools have taken up the work and have pushed the crusade against waste not only in cooking, but in materials as well. Girls' War Service — This anny of girls has rendered splendid service in all drives, and in all patriotic demonstrations of the County. The girls in their attractive uniforms have given drills at the State Fair and at the Land Show, and in the Patriotic Celebration at San Francisco, they have a state-wide reputation and have been an example for other Counties in the State. They have assisted in harvesting the fruit crops. PidAicity — The generous co-operation given by the newspapers of the County has assisted the Committee very materially in the various war activities. Liberty Loan — The Women's Committee has co-operated with the men in all drives and their assistance proved valuable in increasing the number of subscriptions nearly half. 135 Home Economics — The Chairman of this department is a teacher of Domestic Science in the High School and has sent war recipes into the homes throngh the school children and has held special classes in conservation and food conditions. SPECIAL WORK The Women's War Service Army has harvested the fruit and seed crops of the County, has assisted in all the various war drives, on the exemption hoards, and has undertaken the work of registering all the women of the County for service in any emergency. An all Day Fete was given for the French and Belgian Relief Fund. A free market for fruit and vegetables has been opened through the efforts of the Women's Committee. A Free Employment Agency has also been established by the Women's Committee. SAN BERNARDINO— Mrs. Robert F. Garner, Chairman. Estimated population 75,000. Has War Service Army. DEPARTMENT WORK Americani'zation — Splendid work done among the Mexican boys and girls, particularly in teaching them how to make and care for a war garden. During the recent epidemic of Influenza, a hospital was established for the Mexicans, and instructions given those at home in regard to proper treatment and diet. This was a good civic movement and a fine piece of Americanization work as well. Nignt schools are being established for the foreigners as fast as deemed advisable. Food Admimstration — In this work, an organization has been established in every town and hamlet in the County by means of which instructions from headquarters can immediately be carried out. Lectures and practical demonstrations have been held all over the County, and through the issuing of sugar permits, the Chairman of this department has eome into personal contact with all of the housewives. The latest food news was continually kept before the public, and literature distributed, in fact hundreds of bulletins printed in Spanish have been distributed throughout the Mexican settlements. One of the interesting features of this department was the work at the cannery where under direction of the Chairman, 20,996 quarts of fruit were canned, using only 1807 pounds of sugar, while in the homes 15,310 cpiarts of fruit and 1725 quarts of vegetables were canned with the use of 3662 pounds of sugar. Children's Year — This work was interrupted by the influenza epidemic but as a result of the work of this Committee, health cen- ters are to be established throughout the County, and the work will go on. Information and Library Service — The Chairman of this de- partment has succeeded in reaching every part of the County 136 through the County Library, and has distributed literature and posters for the department. Home Economics — This department comprises all of the teachers of Home Economics in the County, their duties being to work through the schools spreading the gospel of conservation by means of talks, demonstrations, posters and literature. This department co-operates with the County Woman Director and with the State Chairman and officers of the Council of Defense. Maintenance of Existing Social Ageyicies — The Chairman of this department requested a survey of conditions to learn not only the capacity, but also the needs of existing social agencies. The results of this survey were placed on a large chart and are incorporated in the general report of the State Chairman of this department. Liberty Loan — The "Women of the County assisted in every way possible in this work, but had no separate organization. SPECIAL V^^ORK Hospital for Mexicans during Influenza. Special Demonstration on sugar conserving, especially in can- ning fruit. Survey of conditions affecting social agencies. Enrolling of Student Nurses. SAN DIEGO — Mrs. A. L. Simpson, Chairman. Estimated population 132,425. Organized with nineteen town and six district units. Have Women's Service Army. DEPARTMENT W^ORK Food Conservation — The Committee's first activities were di- rected towards food conservation and the elimination of waste. With the co-operation of the State Normal School, it was possible to ar- range lectures for the Home Economics teacher throughout the County, before Clubs and Housekeepers' Classes and at groceries. These were followed by lectures by the University of California Demonstrators, which reached large groups of city people. That the people responded to conservation ideas was shown by the fact that the garbage output for San Diego was reduced sixty per cent in a short time. The first Food Pledge Campaign was carried on by house to house canvass. These interesting tabulations were made from that campaign: Eighty-five per cent of the signers had gardens; ninety- five per cent of the signers would take part in neighborhood meetings ; one per cent employed cooks. The Second Food Pledge Campaign was carried out by the Women's Com.raittee, assisted by Soldiers and Sailors. The soldiers canvassed the County outside of the City of San Diego. Eight districts were canvassed by groups of soldiers, com- posed of from fifteen to forty men, each in charge of a captain, who addressed the people whenever possible, on the necessity of full co- 137 operation with the Food Administration. A band accompanied each group, and heralded its approach to each town or village. Aside from the importance of getting the Food Pledges signed, it was an occasion throughout the County, for patriotic enthusiasm. Seven hundred and fifty officers and men from the Naval Training Stations canvassed San Diego City by precincts, the whole drive being conducted in one day. San Diego County has a total of 18,592 families, and secured 23,262 Food Pledge signatures at a total expense of $89.85. To show to the men the appreciation of the women, a ball was given at the Grant Hotel, which was attended by twelve hundred men in uniform, the Women's Committee providing the girls. The ^fexican Consul co-operated by supplying a Spanish circular, to be furnished the large number of Mexicans in the County. The Food Administration Chairman, appointed under the State Department ,has carried out fully the directions sent to her. Child Welfare — About a thousand children under six years were weighed and measured. Through the curtesy of fifteen local physicians, and a psychologist, who gave their services, it was pos- sible not only to weigh and measure the children, but also to give them a thorough physical and mental test. All defects were pointed out to the mothers, with suggestions for their correction. "Where treatment was necessary, the children were referred to their family physicians or the County Clinic. Health Centers in various parts of San Diego are to be estab- lished. Further work interrupted by epidemic. Women in Industry — The Chairman has worked in conjunction with the Community Labor Bureau of the Y. W. C. A. A canvass oF the whole labor situation of the County was made — with the result that local communities were stimulated to take care of labor necessities. A "Women's Land Army was planned, to send women into the country w^here needed, but this was found unnecessary, so only a few women and girls were employed outside of their own immediate locality. Wages and living conditions were watched, and a minimum of thirty cents an hour established for grown boys and women. Local housing conditions for workers were not very good, so motor trucks were used to gather them in the morning and deliver them in the evening to the nearest village. One of the efforts of the Committee has been to stop the illegal sale of liquor to laborers. Americanization — This department has organized a unit of Mex- ican women in San Diego City with a membership of sixty, which meets once a week in a downtown office room for Red Cross and sewing for Belgian relief and Home Economics instruction. At each session, Spanish speaking American women give talks on the meaning of America. Recreation has been arranged at the play- grounds certain evenings during the week for Mexican men and women. Health and Recreation — The Chairman is making an exhaustive survey of the County. She is a member of the War Camp Community 138 Service, and will be in attendance at all meetings of the California -Military Welfare Commission. PnhlicUy — This department has been very active, and has space in all County and City newspapers. The press co-operates with the Chairman, giving her articles excellent headlines, and in the most desirable, general news sections of the papers. Registration — This department made a complete registration of the women of the City and County, using a card suited to local needs — the Mexican Consul co-operated by furnishing a thousand cards in Spanish for the registration of Mexican women, SPECIAL WORK Student Nurse Enrollment — Registration booths were established at Red Cross Headquarters of the Women's Committee. Two hun- dred applicants were enrolled. Classes for intensive study for student nurses have been estab- lished in neighborhoods through the eiforts of this Committee. The nursing conditions for nurses at two of the hospitals were investigated at the request of the Bureau of Nursing of the State Board of Health, with the result of improvement. Motor Corps — Organized through an Act of the Governor of the State, as part of the State ]Militia, under the control of the Adjutant General. In order to enlist in the Corps, the following requirements were necessary : 1. To pass physical examination by Corps doctor. 2. A First Aid Certificate. 3. A Motor Mechanic's Certificate. 4. To take the Oath of Allegiance. Messenger Service, 916 Calls. Ambulance Service, 661 Calls; 821 Patients moved. Salvage collected for Red Cross by trucks, $4417.57. A secret Motor Corps of twenty-five women was organized to assist the American Protective League. This unit did not wear a uniform. Periodical League — The Collegiate Periodical League in co-opera- tion with the Motor Corps has supplied the camp of the County with magazines and periodicals. During the month of October ten thousand were collected and distributed. War Service Army — Made house to house canvass in United War Work Campaign. The Women's Committee assisted in the establishment of the first United Service Hospital, for the wives and families of the m.en in service. This hospital maintained by volunteer effort, renders free service for those who wish it, with a maximum rate of one dollar per day for enlisted men's families and one dollar and fifty cents for officers' families. Other special work which the Committee was called upon to assist with : Income Tax Returns. Soldiers' and Sailors' Insurance. Serbian and Italian Relief. Red Cross, and the War Work Campaign of the Y. W. C. A, 139 SAN FRANCISCO— Mrs. Frank Fredericks, Chairman, June, 1917, to September, 1918. (Died January, 1919.) Estimated population 580,000. Organized by Districts and has Women's War Service Army. San Francisco County was only partially organized for the Women's Committee. Much important war work and department work was done by organizations. As the Executive Committee of the State Women's Committee had an office in San Francisc©, some of the deiDartment work was directed from that office. DEPARTMENT WORK Food Conservation Mrs. W, Du Bois Brookings, Chairman. The Committee was given free quarters in the City Hall, and opened a Food Bureau, which was kept open every afternoon, with young women from the Economic Department of the Lux School in attendance. This was maintained for several months; but owing to the location of the Bureau, the public interest shown was slight. A bibliography was prepared of books bearing on food and assistance given in food pledge work and posters distributed. The Chairman of this Committee attended regular meetings held under the Food Administration, and also served on a Committee formed by Mr. Weinstock, State Market Director, to study problems in- volved in the reduction of the price of fish. We made a general survey of the marketing condition of fish and the showing of the fish. The idea of a great fish festival which the State Market Director had was abandoned as a result of this investigation. Very much later in the year the United States Bureau of Fisheries sent a Demonstrator, Mrs. Spencer, to the City, and many suggestions and indirect co-operation was given from this office. Under the auspices of the San Francisco Center, Mrs. Spencer gave demonstrations for three weeks to large audiences. The work of the San Francisco Center in the early development of the Food Propaganda was fundamental to all that was accomplished in the City. The Public Health Committee, with the co-operation of the War Service Committee, of which the Chairman of this Depart- ment was also Chairman, prepared a series of Charts for use in High School Cafeterias, which gave the caloric basis for the proper selection of a w^ell balanced meal and showed the basis for substituting foods not required, for those needed by our Allies. These charts had a very wide circulation in the city and were sent for in large numbers from all over the country. This Committee also published other food bulletins, which had a large circulation. On Mr. Merritt's suggestion, a plan for giving conservation lessons in the public school was out- lined by this Committee. Dr. Brown's Committee also furnished a large group of speakers on food in the public schools. These two Committees exhibited in booths at the Land Show ; the Baby Welfare exhibit illustrating War Thrift in one case, and a War Diet for young 140 children in the other, and had members of the Committee in attend- ance at all times. A cafeteria luncheon at the Lux School, prepared by the pupils, and a luncheon at the St, Francis, under the chef, further served to illustrate the conservative principles. Propaganda was sent to the Chairmen of Home Economics m the various Federated Clubs in the City. During this period we were also collecting material for a war cook book, which was publislied during the winter. A series of demonstrations were arranged at the Emporium, covering the various features of the conservation propaganda. These were very well attended. As Food Director under the Food Administration, the Woman's "Army plan of district organization was used as the nucleus for the establishment of Food Centers. The result was the establish- ment in the Fall of four centers where demonstrations and Food Meetings were held and literature distributed. Eight thousand Sugar Permits were issued for Home Canning for the Food Administration. About seventy-five women gave fre- quent service, another twenty-five we occasionally called upon. This is exclusive of the personnel of the Woman's Army, which was used in the distribution of the Letter to San Francisco Housewives, which initiated the Wheatless Campaign. The Woman's Army was used in organizing the Food Mass Meeting which followed the close of the War, and a group of over forty-three smaller meetings was held to spread the proposed war economy propaganda. In conjunction with the Bureau of Immigration and Housing and the International Institute of the Y. W. C. A., the nucleus of a grouj) of foreign born women, who would have assisted in the interpretation of the Home Card to their own groups, had been worked out. We had used the district basis for an estimation of the population of the city, and had prepared a chart showing the number of foreign born of each of the main nationalities by dis- tricts. All of this made us feel that food was one of the natural mediums for Americanization work among foreign born women. Miss Ellen Bartlett, Director of Home Economics for the City and head of the Home Economics work in the public schools, organ- ized her teachers on a district basis corresponding to ours, so that we had plans for food programs for the organized centers, to be carried out under the leadership of the Home Economics teachers of the district. This parallel organization of Home Economics and Food Conservation work was very important, and might well be kept up under a peace plan. As Woman Director of Food Conservation, and in connection with the Sugar Permit work, an enormous educational work was carried on among grocers, who seemed often very much bewildered over the details of conservation. Probably two or three hundred such cases were liandled. The office work was organized with a paid Secretary, and the supplies were furnished under an appropriation from the Food Ad- ministration. A small sum was given us for Bulletins, of which three 141 were issued on Sugar (printed on blue paper) and two on Wheat (printed on yellow paper). Also sent many mimeographed letters to groups such as housemaids, Finnish Women, Food Chairmen of Fed- erated Clubs, etc. The volunteer personnel of the office also handled the records and the interviews involved in the handling of Sugar Permits and explained propaganda. The Committee kept in touch with the Federated Clubs through their Chairmen of Home Economics and held conferences with them, sent them literature and bulletins as fast as they came out. Many o£ tliese clubs maintained Bulletin Boards, arranged for speakers through the Committee, and took steps to keep in touch with the propaganda as it developed. There was, also, very fine co-operation from the Mothers' Clubs. Children's Year Committee of San Francisco Mrs. Alfred i\IcLaughlin, Chairman. The weighing and measuring was prepared for the June drive in three weeks, looking upon it as an experiment to find out just what could be done in San Francisco and what was needed. There was enthusiastic co-operation from the institutions, hospitals and settlements doing children's health work; besides stimulating two new health centers to start in neighborhoods unprovided for, there were thirteen in all. Experts told us to prepare for about 1000 children; we examined 4000 and had demands for 4000 more, for whom there was neither time nor room. Our next drive was scheduled for November. By analyzing the June request, the neighborhoods which most wanted the centers were found, and an eflFort was then made to enlist in those neighborhoods settlements, clubs, churches, kindergartens or schools, any local agencies with the right backing and spirit which might be inter- ested to do children's health work not only in this drive but per- manently. Thirty such health centers were prepared, half of which at least were eager to continue to hold children's health confer- ences. The San Francisco County Medical Association has circular- ized its members who pledged time for the drive in order that all the city might work together instead of a few bearing the burden. The National League for Women's Service had pledged clerical help for the registration and clinical help for the drive. A sale of seals was planned to start, with stores giving window displays and news- papers and movies giving us all the publicity we wanted. The "flu" came. The work now has been to hold our organization together until health conditions permit resuming. Continued public interest in spite of the constant postponement gives the assurance that the women of San Francisco felt the need for this and are really anxious to be taught how to keep their children well. The only tangible thing which has been done recently is to have a luncheon with the Juvenile Protective Association, Public Education Society, and San Francisco Center to stimulate interest in the legislation offered by Mr. Will Wood, State Superintendent of public schools. This report is submitted with the sincere hope that the year will not end without the opportunity of reaching all the mothers in San Francisco who really want their children examined. 142 Women in Industry Mrs. Sidney Joseph, Chairman. With the help of some young women from the Department of Economics of the University of California, a survey was made of one hundred and thirty-four establishments, employing eleven thousand one hundred and seventy-nine women. Since the entrance of the Ignited States into war the increase in the number of Avomen employed in eight of the representative firms visited has been about one hundred and thirteen per cent. A general raising of the age of women employed was noticed — ages run 16-10, 3 7-50. In one cannery the range was 17-89. There was an adequate supply of women labor. Many married women returned to machines. A new development pointed out by employers was the woman "floater." The general level of wages did not rise in proportion to the general level of prices, even though in specified instances wages were high. Rest rooms are few, welfare workers a rarity, and health records non-existent. The labor of women will become efficient when it is realized that their economic environment must be adapted to their human needs. And to get good work the employer must pay good wages. SPECIAL W'ORK student Nurse Reserve Under direction ]\lrs. Edward F. Glaser, Vice-Chairman Women's Committee. A conference was held in San Francisco on July 23rd, which called together the County Chairmen of the Women's Committee of the Bay Region, re])resentatives of National, State and County Red Cross Nursing Associations. Educational and Public Health Bodies. It was addressed by Miss Anna Jamme, Director for the Bureau for Registration of Nurses of the State Board of Health, who had been detailed by the V. S. Surgeon-General to establish the new training schools in connection with base hospitals in the United States. She explained the purpose of the proposed Student Nurse Campaign and the need of the Surgeon-General's office having available records of young women qualified and willing to serve in their country's crisis. Co-operation was assured the Women's Committee by all the organ- izations represented at the Conference, and, as a result, on July 29th recruiting stations were established in all the Bay Counties whose Chairmen were present at the meeting. In San Francisco these stations were placed by the County Chairman, Mrs. Frank Fredericks, in many of the prominent stores in the city, and Northern members of the l^iXecutive Board of the Women's Committee opened a Bureau of Inform.ation at the headquarters in the Ferry Building. This Bureau became logically a recruiting and distributing station also, and during the time it was maintained, more than fifteen hun- 143 ... dred persons visited it from all over the State and even from a num- ber of other States, seeking information, literature and advice — a certain proportion enrolling. A number of young women who came to the Bureau for advice, and who did not wish to enroll and wait for assignment by Wash- ington, were sent by the Committee to training schools in San Fran- cisco and vicinity. Undoubtedly many others inspired by the Cam- paign have entered training schools without referring to the Com- mittee, so that tlie figures available do not tell the whole story. Applicants sent in from San Francisco County numbered sixty-nine. iSan Francisco Woman's Army Mrs. ('harles Aiken, Leader. The Saa Francisco Woman's Army was organized in the spring of 1918 at the request of the San Francisco Woman's Committee of the Council of State Defense. San Francisco is too large to attack in any other way than by districts; topograpliical and cosmopolitan difficulties calling for dis- tinct and separate attention. The San Francisco Army was there- fore organized on lines of district organization, looking towards the establishment of commu.nity or district centers of the community council type. ORGANIZATION PLAN There are thirteen divisions, or districts in San Francisco, as- s(>mbly districts. The army plan included: a leader, three colonels wlio divided the city into three large zones, under whom reported thirteen majors, or disirid leaders; these majors in turn commanded eaptains whose jurisdiction covered ten precincts; each captain, or fen-precinct leader commanded ten lieutenants, or precimct leaders; these precincts being divided among sergeants, the ideal plan being to give each sergeant thirty homes as her regular responsibility, each sergeant to have an understudy. In order to prevent political aspirants from working their way into coveted leaderships, the leaders of these thirteen divisions were taken from the large woman's organ- izations of the city; the 82nd district, for instance, being directed by a member of thc3 San Francisco Center of the Civic League; the 31st by a member of the National League of Woman's Service; the 33rd. which district includes the Latin quarter of the city, being directed by a member of the Vittoria Colonna Club. The attempt was at once made to establish in each of the thirteen districts of San Francisco a M'^a r-service bureau or district center. Five were estal)lished ; the others waited on the launching of the Community Count-il plan by the State Council of Defense, experience from the five proving the need of such sponsoring in order to get the proper financial support of the districts. DRIVES The Children's Year — The first drive was undertaken by the army when in the process of mobilization, in May, 1918, the women carried a dou])le message to the homes, conveying the information of 144 the weighing centers find the plan of the Children's Year campaiign as well as the ''Save ihe "Wheat" plea from the Food Administration. Three of the thirteen districts were not then organized. The other ten efficiently covered these. Onr district, which includes the Latin quarter of the city, established its own center, secured its own doctors, and weighed si.K hundred and fifty babies out of a recorded one thousand. The TV«r Savings Stamp Drir^ — The second drive of the Army ended June 18th. under the direction of the War Savings Committee of San Francisco. Su])scriptions credited to the Women's Army — $473,856. War Service Burmv.s — Five of these centers were established in August to October, 1918. The immediate purpose was to carry in- formation of all war-activities to the people of the communities; to hold cooking demonstrations ; war-lectures ; war-savings societies ; Red Cross Auxiliaries; and lo serve as salvage stations, etc. Liberty Loan Drive— The Woman's Army was used during the Fourth Libo'rty Loan drive in a way unsatisfactorily to itself, i. e., individually. The Army leader was made general of one of the small divisions of a new zoning plan. Her workers, army women, collected $354,350. To the general of a neighboring division the army con- tributed a force of one hundred and fifty workers who collected sub- scriptions to the amount $331,800. The largest amounts were collected on Volunteer Day, when the divisions were not allowed to segregate their collections. One worker brought in $27,000. There were sev- eral thousand women working not only on that day, but during the entire campaign, their collections, as teams or individuals being merged in the several division leaders, and so cannot be added to this report. One caj^tain collected in one of the poorest districts ^;G0,000 in eight blocks, most cf these being in fifty dollar sub- scriptions. Thrift Stamp Drive — The Woman's Army was asked to give eleventh hour assistance to the Thrift Stamp Drive in September, 1918. Collections, $8,135.00. War Belief Week — The first two weeks of December were dedi- cated to the work of the Food Administration. A mass meeting, called by the Array, met in the Palace Hotel, Wednesday afternoon, December fourth, when smaller meetings in the several districts were organized for the week following. Mr. Merritt and Mrs. Brookings were the principal speakers. Epidemic Relief — A food and automobile relief committee was organized by the Army the first week of the epidemic. Regular con- tributions of soups, custards and jellies were given to the Fruit and Flower Mission and to the Associated Charities for distribution until the whole work was taken over by the Red Cross. The Army work became a regular part of the work of this Association in the Mission district. While this work was in progress, a telephone drive was undertaken by the Army to obtain nurses for the San Francisco stricken ones, many of the Army women themselves volunteering. Bed Cross Memhersliip Drive — Seven of the thirteen districts of the Army or district organization, assisted in the Red Cross mem- 145 bership drive, under Red Cross leaders, only one district being led by an Army leader whose workers cleared $8,403.00. The Parent Teachers' Association — The School Board of San Francisco felt it necessary to deny to the San Francisco Congress of Mothers the use of the schools for the individual Mothers' Clubs. The Woman's Army immediately offered their several bureaus which have been used as meeting places during the epidemic periods by the Parent Teachers' Associations and Mothers' Clubs. Belgian Kelief — The War Service Bureaus have been in use during December by the San Francisco Committee of the Commis- sion of Relief in Belgium. Christmas cards sold, and donations re- ceived of money and clothing. The intensive drive for clothing whiieh has been several times postponed because of the recurrence of the influenza epidemic, will probably take place the first or second week of February when the centers will again be used for receiving stations for clothing for the Belgian sufferers. City Christinas Kelief — One bureau assisted in the filling of fifty baskets for Christmas dinners for the city poor, and in the collecting of several automobile loads of clothing for distressed families. Investigation Committee — The investigation committee of the Army has investigated every case of poverty, sickness, school truancy, or alien hostility which has been uncovered by house to house can- vassing. The cases of poverty and distress being immediately re- ferred, af1er investigation, to the Associated Charities; the cases of alien hostility, after investigation and written testimony, being re- ferred to Mrs. Annette Adams, the United States District Attorney. SAN JOAQUIN— Miss Nellie Alice Smith, Chairman, July, 1917, to April, 1918; ]\Irs. John S. Montgomery, Chairman, April, 1918, to date. Estimated population 75,000. Organized with one city unit and eighteen district units. DEPARTMENT WORJi Americanization — Work has been carried en, making a very satisfactory beginning among the Russians and Italians. Children's Year — Work is well established and will be per- manently continued for some time. Education and Educational Propaganda — The Chairman of these Departments is to be commended for much work in and around Stock- ton. Food Administration — The Chairman has been ever active, hold- ing meetings, giving lectures, and keeping the people thoughtful and true to their Nation's pledge. Girls' War Service — The Chairman reported over a hundred girls made happier by employment and suggestion. She is a live wire and the work will continue. 140 . ... Health and Recreation — The ('hairraan reports Play Grounds and Municipal Pools well patronized up to the closing for "Flu." The work will be continued after the quarantine is lifted. Home Economics — This Department is affiliated with one organ- ized by the Farm Bureau. There was a membership of over two hundred. The membership fee paying for sugar and cans to con- serve all fruit and vegetables in this community. Many cans of fruit and glasses of jelly were sent to cantonments and hospitals. Informution and Lihrarjf Service — This Department has ever met every necessity. Liberty Loan in our County was handled by Men's Committee. We always more than went "over the top" — doubled our quota in the first two drives as the records show. Maintenance of Existing Social Agencies — The Chairman has worked in conjunction witli our Red Cross and Unit Chairman. Loads of necessities were provided for the needy. Nurses sent to homes where needed. The morale of many communities changed to an unlooked for advancement. PuhUcitii — The Chairman of this Department is a "live wire," and the Women's Committee work has been well written up for the press, and all suggestions from headquarters which a community might better understand by publicity have liad a place in our local papers. Bed Cross — Our Count}^ Units have been ready to meet every i.eed with more than the required quota and always have had a surplus of hundreds to meet all demands. Women in Industry — The Chairman of this Department filled many men's places with very efficient women workers. A woman in this County successfully manages and handles one of the largest daiTies in this part of the State. This was made necessary when all the men of her family wont to war. There are others doing every conceivable line of ranch work. SPECIAL WORK Student Nurse Reserve — The Student Nurse Reserve registration met with creditable numbers in our County, and we more than met our quota. Had to turn down many on account of age or lack of education. Influenza Epidemic — The Influenza Epidemic still holding its quarantine here finds our department every moment on the job. Under the Women's Committee, the community was all organ- ized to meet the epidemic two weeks before it came. It had enroHed a list of fifty women who would nurse in case of necessity. When the dread malady actually broke out our emergency hos- pital awaited the demand, often containing as high as fifty patients at a time. They paid if able, or the County and City met expenses together. A model camp for the Woman's Land Army was maintained and it was occupied by from fifty to two hundred Land Army girls from August till the first part of December. The girls assisted the ranchers in saving many a crop. We still "Carry On." 147 SAN LUIS OBISPO— Mrs. C. B. Hughson, Acting Chairman. Estimated population 25,000. Has not been organized for the Women's Committee Work. An immense amount of M'ork was done by the women of San Luis Obispo County during the war. in a variety of lines. The Ren Cross formed the principal field of endeavor, although food con- servation, thrift stamps, Liberty Loans, and other lines also claimed the efforts of many. Almost every woman in the County was engaged in some line of Bed Cross work from the outbreak of the war. The Genera] Chairman of the Sewing Committee had the fol- lowing garments constructed under her supervision : Hospital Garments 5,443 Refugee Garments 2,384 This Committee also prepared 2,138 articles of Hospital linen. The Knitting Committee prepared 3,185 knitted garments. The Salvage Shop, m the four months and six days it was oper- ated, cleared $3,306.14. The Junior Red Cross established seventy-five auxiliaries in the County, with a membership of 3,033. They established a tea room and lunch room on the second floor of the Steinhart Building, and operated it from June until September, when the Influenza epidemic caused it to be closed. From this enterprise they cleared the sum of $8,397.94. They also planted 377 war gardens, and made a num- ber of refugee garments, comfort bags, knitted articles, and other useful things. The Canteen Service began work on August 1st, 1918, and are still continuing their ministrations to soldiers en route through this city. Up to January 1, 1919, they had met and served 7,817 soldiers and sailors, distributed stamped post cards to the number of 5,461 ; distributed 15,703 cigarettes, 5,825 packages of gum, 250 ice cream cones, 875 pounds of fruit, 4,481 squares and bars of chocolate, 410 magazines. 160 gallons of coffee, and had collected and mailed 681 letters, and served 1,700 men with complete meals. In addition to this work, they supplied many dainties for Christmas and Thanks- givimg dinners for the company of soldiers stationed at the tank farm near the City of San Luis Obispo, mince pies, cheese, home made cakes, fruit, nuts and raisins being among the things sent. A large Christmas tree, M-ith a package for every man in the company was part of the entertainmput at a New Year party given in theia:' honor. Each man received a pair of socks, two handkerchiefs, and home made cakes and candy on this occasion. One hundred and ten blankets were also supplied these men. The Home Service Section lias supplied seventy families with information regarding men in service, written countless letters, at- tended to allotments, and other things to aid the families of soldiers and sailors. During the two influenza epidemics, this section equipped, and with the aid of the City and County, maintained in- fluenza hospitals, caring for sixty-two patients in the City of San 148 Luis Obispo, and mh even larger number of eases in other districts of the County. In the matter of Christmas boxes the Red Cross supplied in 1917 boxes to the number of three hundred and fifty. In addition to this number, many more were filled for soldiers in convalescent homes in Southern California, and two hundred Comfort Bags were made and filled for the same purpose. In 1918 about five hundred Christmas boxes were provided. In the Belgian Drive two and one-half tons of clothing M'as ob- tained and shipped for the Belgians. The publicity for the Red Cross has been very successfully man- aged, and much of the success of the Red Cross is due to this. Liberty Loan Drive — Fully half of the work done in the Liberty Loan drives was done by the women of this County, who aided in the house-to-house canvass of the County. Mrs. J. M. Sims was in charge of the women's work in these drives, in the City of San Luis Obispo. Every precinct in the city had a woman captain and a committee of women. The figures are not available for the first three loans, but in the Fourth Liberty Loan Campaign, $116,000 was taken in by the women workers. Thrift and War Savings Stamps^ln the matter of Thrift and War Savings Stamps, no figures on the results obtained by the women of this County are available, but it was a committee of women which introduced the stamps in the County. The City of San Luis Obispo was divided into four sections, and with their committees, made a house-to-house canvass, introducing and explain- ing the object of the stamps, and inaugurating their sale. Food Conservation — The Food Conservation movement was started in this County by the Women's Civic Club of the City of San Luis Obispo. This Club, early in the Fall of 1917, held a three days' demonstration of food conservation methods, under the di- rections of Miss Louise Eubanks of the University of California, which was largely attended by women from surrounding parts of the ( 'Ounty. Later in the Fall, with the assistance of officers of the Civic Club, Miss Plubanks founded a "Hoover Club" in Arroyo Grande, for the purpose of furthering the food conservation movement. A canvass was made of the City and most parts of the County for the purpose of signing the food pledge cards, which met with good results. Belgian Belief — While no direct figures are obtainable on the amount of work done for the relief of Belgium, it is a line of en- deavor which has attracted the efforts of many women throughout the County. 149 SAN MATEO— Mrs. Finlay Cook, Chairman, July, 1917, to February. 1918;' j\Irs. John \j. McCinii, riiairuian, Febrnary, 191.S, to date. Estimated population 35,000. Organized in three sections. Has War Service Army. DEPARTMENT WORK Americanization — Americanization was carried on in this County to a large extent, especially in South San Francisco and Half Moon Bay, where there are many foreigners. A special day was set aside in San Mateo for the Italian mothers to go to the Red Cross rooms, and in this way the Chairman was enabled to come in closer touch with them. Night school was started in Half Moon Bay and the foreign people encouraged to attend. Attention was brought by this Committee to the great need of teaching the soldiers at Camp Fremont the English language, and classes were started there. San Mateo County teachers volunteered to go to the Camp. This work was done under the Y. M. C. A., and Father jMausant, in different parts of the Camp, the authorities co-operating. Propaganda was spread by this Committee on the necessity of getting acquainted with our foreigners, and explaining to them the necessity of the war, the work of the Red Cross, and the need of buying Liberty Bonds. Children's Year — This Department met with great success in this County. Over one thousand six hundred and forty babies were examined. The doctors co-operated in every w^ay. The Supervisors gave the necessary monej^ for expenses and helped in every w^ay. Scales were bought for the doctors, who were not equipped, and machines furnished to those mothers who lived a distance away from the center. Three Health Centers have been started through the influence of the Children's Year, one at South San Francisco, one at Daly City and one in San Mateo. The last two are sup- ported by the San Mateo Welfare and Public Health Committee, which is assisted by the Public Nursing Department of the Red Cross. Much work has been done by this Committee in educating the mothers to the need of watching the child's health, and proper feed- ing. Many mothers are looking forward to the next drive, is the report of the doctors, which will be in April. Edvcation — This Coiiimittee co-operated with the State Chairman along all lines which have been indicated ; making a survey and seeing that children of school age attend school. Resolutions have been passed, thanking the teachers of San ]Mateo for their assistance during the Influenza. Educational Propaganda — Speakers along these lines appeared before the various Women's Clubs of the County; also made public any German propaganda known of in this section. 150 Food Administration — A speaker was present at each meeting to talk on this siil>.iect, giving advice as to how to use the different substitutes. The Chairman of this department, in the second drive secured the signatures of eighty-two per cent of the residents of the County to the food pledges. This Chairman spoke at some hundred meetings, on all the things of importance in the order of their appearing. The Food Administration was co-operated with in every way, and preparation was made to help the County Chairman Avith a house-to-house canvass, when peace was declared. Girls' War Service — Many small circles of girls were organized throughout the County. They sewed for the Base Hospital at Fremont and also made pillows, etc., for the soldiers, besides giving dances and entertainments. There were many calls for articles from the hospital and assistance was given in many ways. The Chairman also did much good M^ork on the Girls' Organiza- tions Board for the War Camp Community Service. The County Chairman represented this Committee on the Executive Board : employment was also secured for soldiers' wives. Health and Recreation — The Committee co-operated with Camp Fremont and the National League for Women's Service, which had canteens at Menlo and Palo Alto. Home Economics — The Chairman in charge of this department reported that the girls of the High School made garments, jelly for the hospital and held many demonstrations during the year. Information and Library Service — This Committee collected books for the soldiers at Camps Lewis and Fremont. The Chairman made interesting reports to this Committee of the work done; South City alone sent two hundred books to the Grizzlies. Liberty Loan — The County Chairman was in charge of both of the last Liberty Loans (3rd and 4th). This Committee held an im- mense Liberty Loan meeting in San Mateo for the Third Loan and had a very successful meeting. The Women's Committee collected $185,250 for the Fourth Loan. This Committee has no other record of previous loans, before the present Chairman took office. The women of this County collected $762,650 in the Fourth Liberty Loan : the quota was $888,500. The Women's War Service Army was or- ganized to co-operate in every way for this drive, and rendered valu- able assistance. Maintenance of Existing Social Agencies — The Chairman of this Department made a personal survey for the State Chairman of this Department, and furnished a very complete report. Endeavors have been made to secure a new hospital for this County, but the workers have been fighting against great odds. The Social Service Agencies have been co-operated with in every way possible. A report has been made of the work in connection with the County Jail at Redwood, efforts to have the women there removed to the Home for Delinquent Women proving successful. Resolutions were passed by this Committee urging that im- mediate steps be taken for the special care of mentally deficient children, especially those of San Mateo County, by the State. Copies of said resolutions were ordered sent to our Senator and Assemblyman. 151 Publicity — The Chairman of this Department has carried out her work successfully. All the papers of the County have co- operated. They have never refused any space to this Committee, and the Committee feels deeply grateful for their support. Reports of all meetings, announcements, etc., were put in all the County papers. Ked Cross — This Committee has supported the Red Cross Shop at South San Francisco and Burlingame, and has tried to secure as much assistance for the Red Cross workrooms as possible. WonW7i in Industry — The Chairman co-operated with the Women's Land Army and secured reports from the different cor- porations throughout the count3^ employing many women. San IMateo was not bothered by lack of help. SPECIAL WORK Student Nurse Reserve — This Committee took charge of the en- rollment of nurses and established centers throughout the County, and also had films run at the movies. Special Meeting — Held a meeting at High School Auditorium October 12th, "Women in War Work." Had all the representatives of Women's War Work in the County present; also Liberty Loan speakers and had Community Singing . The entire affair, which drew a large crowd, was under the management of this Committee. Speakers and, Information — Have had many speakers down in this County to assist in Child Welfare, Liberty Loans, Food Ad- ministration, Women's War Service, Array, Educational Propaganda, United War Work Campaign, Community Council, War Camp Com- munity Service and Red Cross work. Influenza Epidemic — This Committee co-operated in every way with the Red Cross; took names of nurses and secured other in- formation before the Red Cross started, and after their organization was perfected, turned the organization over to them. The Women's War Service Army assiRted in finding nurses, reporting cases, and with motor service; also at the Soup Kitchen. The Chairman of this Committee was appointed to act on the Red Cross Executive Committee of the Influenza Committee for this County and to repre- sent this Committee. Commimity Singiiig — Community Singing was started in each community in this County, with great success. The people took it up with interest and the Chairman has appointed community lead- ers in each place. The Committee had the co-operation of the mov- ing pictures houses, some of them even providing slides for songs. Women's War Service Armoj — This organization has been of the greatest assistance to this Committee in all ways. The entire County was well organized and each community worked under a major, who in turn reported to the colonel. The Chairman of the Committee was in charge of the work and the colonel worked under her di- rections. They gave splendid service during the Liberty Loans and the Influenza Epidemic; also during the Children's Drives. War Gardens — The Chairman of this Department is going ahead with this work, co-operating with the school teachers. 152 United War Campaign — The Women's Committee assisted in this campaign, using the Women's War Service Army. Had a band from Fremont and took the County over the top; worked with the Men's Committee fifty-tifty. The Cliairmnn was appointed to act on the Executive Board for this County. Feeding Soldiers Leaving for Camps — This Committee furnished the draft boys when leaving San Mateo with lunch, drinking cups, cigarettes and candy, not once, but on several occasions. The money was collected by a committee appointed for that purpose. This Committee was also ready to serve luncheon to the band that came up from Fremont to play on Registration Day. The Women's Committee for this County adjourned on call February 21st, 1919. Before doing so they made an appropriation to buy cigarettes for the returned boys of San Mateo. These cigarettes were presented at a mass meeting of the Community Council. The members of this Committee are ready to lend their assistance to make the Community Councils successful. The Chairman was appointed as permanent Chairman for the San Mateo Division of the Community Council and reports that the first meeting here was a huge success. Over six hundred people attended the first meeting here and the reception to the returned San Mateo soldier boys. SANTA BARBARA— Miss Miriam B. Edwards, Chairman, June, 1917, to June, 1918: Mrs. Clara E. Herbert, Chairman, June, 1918, to date. Estimated population 36,320. Organized with six district units. Has War Service Army. DEI'ARTMENT WORK Am,erica')iization — Through the efforts of the Americanization Committee, a Night School was opened in April, 1918. This School was supported by the Public School Funds until the close of the School, June 22nd. It ran for two months in the summer on funds contributed by citizens of two organizations, the Y. W. C. A. and the Italian Society "Circolo Colonali Italiano." Permission was obtained from the Y. W. C. A. Committee to turn in $75.00 of $100.00 allowed for the Italian Woman's Red Cross Auxiliary, as the Auxiliary did not need that money, and also asked the Amer- icanization Committee of the Community Council to request a do- nation from the Italian Society. The President of the Circolo and four other Italian citizens gave $25.00 and the Society $25.00 more. So the Italians themselves contributed nearly a third of the summer salaries of the night school. The School closed for a month in the summer, owing to the lack of funds. On the fourteenth of October it was opened again 153 under the Board of Education, with a Woman as Director who has had long experience in the work and is an authority on methods of handling such a school. She has as her assistant the Vice-Principal of the Intermediate School. The School had to be closed on the open- ing night because of the Epidemic of Spanish Influenza; it will re- open when the Public Schools do. We expect some very splendid re- sults from this Night School. One member of the Committee belongs to an old Italian family of Santa Barbara, and knows the Italian population of Santa Barbara very well, having a pleasant personal contact with them ; she has been able to be friendly with the many different factions. In May she brought twenty-five Italian women together, of different classes and ages, for Red Cross work. Many of these women belong to an Italian Red Cross Society of Los Angeles, but she induced them to work for the common cause and to take membership in the American Red Cross and so make themselves an Auxiliary of the same. The Y. W. C. A. gave for this Americanization work $100.00 — $25.00 of this money was used in rental of sewing machines, buying knitting needles, and such small supplies as the society needed. The Italian women sewed two afternoons each week from two to five and even six o'clock and turned out a tremendous amount of work all beautifully finished. Handkerchiefs, baby kits, petticoats, abdom- inal bandages and other useful articles. This was an excellent means of bringing the Italian women together and of overcoming some of their factional difficulties. Children's Year — The Children's Year has been given a great deal of attention. During the drive one thousand two hundred and four children were weighed and measured in the County of Santa Barbara. As follow-up work for the drive, we have established a liealth Center in Santa Barbara. There is a weekly conference, with weighing and measuring babies and children up to six years of age. We average fifteen babies and children a week. These are partly children who have not previously been measured and partly those who have. At the Public Library, a study-room has been given to the work of this Committee. There are pictures and posters on the walls and a table with literature of interest to mothers. It is open every day to visitors and Thursday afternoon from three to four there will be some one there to answer questions that mothers may ask. In addition to the literature that is furnished for distribution there will be books on Child Welfare. Education — Questionnaires received from our State Chairman of Education Avere given out to all the County teachers at the time of the County Teachers' Institute held in Santa Barbara the middle of April. A great many of these questionnaires have been filled out and returned and were tabulated here in the office of the Cityi Superintendent of Schools. The information thus gathered was of great value to the truant officer, or attendance officer and to those having to do wdth the welfare of the children. Food Adtministration — In co-operation with the Home Economics Chairman in Santa Barbara it was decided to have an office. In 154 making a search for an office gratis we found the basement of the old Presbyterian Church recently vacated. The owner gave us per- mission to use it indefinitely. On April 19th, 1918, we opened our doors. A few days later Mrs. Burdette herself came in and saw what we were trying to do and highly approved of it, suggesting its name — -''Food Bureau." All official bulletins, pamphlets, news- paper publicity, reference books, etc., are kept on file and all meant for distribution are given out. Demonstrations for the public on wheat substitutes, on eggs and milk and potatoes and on other food conservation subjects have been held. Demonstrations were given in Chinese, in Japanese and Italian and Spanish — the others in plain American. Our equipment for the most part has been loaned us, or given at cost. The work is thoroughly organized throughout the County, there being now sixteen County Chairmen, eight deputies for the Santa Barbara office, one assistant Director and the Woman Director, as the conservation force for Santa Barbara County. Regular office hours from ten to five o'clock every week-day are kept for the convenience of the public, both for the distribution of literature, answering questions, and the issuing of canning Sugar Permits. 'J'his Chairman assisted in arrangements for Trefz Lecture under auspices of TI. S. Food Administration. Co-operated with all organ- izations and committees when needed; and assisted in organization of Woman's War Service Army for War Service Campaigns, which Army was ready for the delivery of Home Cards. Girls' War Service — Five members of the Girls' War Service Committee have assisted in organization and leadership of four Junior Red Cross Units during the year. Salary of one trained leader paid by the Chairman of this Department. Three Patriotic League groups organized; not doing special Red Cross work. One in Normal School, one of High School and Junior College, the other in the Intermediate School. These have raised $75.00 for Junior Red Cross supplies. Second group have assisted in club work in different parts of the city; made and presented a service flag containing one hundred and thirty-five stars to the high school; conducted debates on patriotic subjects (High School Debating So- ciety) ; gathered five sacks of moss for fracture pillows; assisted throughout week of Teachers' Institute in office work of State Con- ference of Social Agencies; raised $295.00 High School Y. W. C. A. Fund (from girls only) ; Santa Barbara Girls' School, $200.00; Nor- mal School, $795.00. Suggestions made for correlating efforts in cer- tain directions and for preserving a practical and useful reactional and War Work program during the coming months. Literature on special War Service Work for Girls in Rural Communities distributed ; also on the War Program of Y. W. C. A. Investigated possibilities of girls collecting castor beans growing wild. Authorities cannot pay for them; did not encourage undertaking. Appointed Chairman of Victory Girls for United War Work Campaign. Wherever possible impulse for continued effort (in earning and giving) will be en- couraged. 155 Horns Economics — Lectures were given before each of the various Parent Teachers' Organizations in the city; also lecture was given at a luncheon at the Santa Barbara Woman's Club; also before Los Angeles District Federation of Woman's Clubs recently held in Santa Barbara. Under the heading of ''Patriotic Kitchen" two articles on Food Conservation were published each week in the Santa Barbara Press from September to January. Each article was an appeal with instructions and recipes. Trips to various parts of the County were made to start work. Lectures and conferences were held. Letters and suggestions written to all Home Economics teachers in the County urging special conservation work. Bulletins and posters were sent out through the County by the County Assessor who volunteered to distribute the material. Early in the Fall grocers were urged and encouraged to sell the various kinds of M^heat substitutes. Each of the confectioners and ice cream dealers were interviewed in regard to the use of honey or a sugar substitute in candies and ice creams. Conducted a large Housekeepers' Class at Santa Barbara State Normal School. (Entirely Food Conservation.) All serving classes (18) demonstrations (28) and practice les- sons (18) were strictly conservation. Demonstrations open to the public. In co-operation with the Woman Food Director, a Food Bureau was established where the bulletins and material might be accessible for distribution and where demonstrations might be given. Gave several demonstrations on wheatless foods, potatoes, etc. Also arranged for others to be given to the Chinese, Japanese, Spanish, Italians, etc., with an interpreter for each that this need may be presented to every class and nationality. We desire especially to reach the cooks and servants who might not be reached otherwise. Health and Recreation — A free public bath house for the use of the girls and boys of the city is operated during the season by this department, with great success, as there is no other in the city. The Motor Corps Service was formed by this Chairman and has been doing double duty during the past month. At Recreation Center one of the finest buildings in the city. Girls' Gymnasium Classes have been formed, also classes in Dramatic Reading. Supervised Dancing each Saturday night has been one of the special amuse- ments and recreations of the young people. Attendance during Day for September and October. . . . 826 Attendance during Night for September and October. . 522 Masks made during October 24^00 Pneumonia Jackets 46 Five Boxes Irrigation Pads 768 Wool given out in October 124 Information and Library Service- — Posters and bulletins from the Food Administration, the Library War Service and the Third Liberty 156 Loan have been displayed in the Central Library and in the sixty-two Branch Libraries in the County, the folders and pamphlets in the interest of these great movements having been widely distributed. The result of ''Book Week" was the collection of 2500 care- fully selected volumes. The preparation of these books for circula- tion is being largely and well done as a war service by the Junior Red Cross of the Intermediate and High Schools of Santa Barbara. The signal opportunity to help came with the meeting of the State Conference of Social and War Relief Agencies, April 16-20, when the Library was used for section meetings and for the housing of exhibits. Among the exhibits, the Junior Red Cross of the County showed knitted articles and clothes for the Belgian refugees, effective in quantity and workmanship and the Santa Barbara State Normal School of Manual Arts and Home Economics made an exhibition of food and clothing conservation. "Save the Fats," "Save the Sugar," "Save the Wheat," "Save the Meat," "Save the Wool," Save the Cotton," were the legends over tables on which were ar- ranged the suggested substitutes. The Library has sent into all its school branches copies of Parmer and Huntington, "Food Problems," which are being used in public and private schools as a timely arithmetic. The meetings of the County Women's Committee are held regular- ly in the Library Audience Room. Liberty Loan — The work of the Woman's Liberty Loan Commit- tee in Santa Barbara County was organized in most of the smaller towns and districts with a local Chairman in each. The work con- sisted not only in the actual raising of the moneys, but in a certain amount of preliminary publicity work. Through the Woman's Com- mittee, a letter was sent to the wives of all the ranchers, in the farming district, and the women helped largely in making the plan of publicity through the public schools of the County a success. The campaign in S;iiita Bjnbara and immediate vicinity was carried on by teams, working in close connection with the men's committee and the men's teams. There were thirty teams in all, consisting of a captain and ten workers. Six of these teams were composed entirely of women, and there were women working on the teams in Carpinteria, Summerland, Montecito and Goleta. The drive was conducted by the card system, each worker being responsible for seeing twenty people. The campaign opened with a dinner for all the workers and reports were made at luncheons held daily. A friendly spirit of rivalry between teams spurred the workers on to their best efforts, and the drive ended Saturday noon, with Santa Barbara safely "over the top." Maintenance of Existing Social Agencies — Forty-seven question- naires received from Mrs. Bryant, the State Chairman of this depart- ment, were sent out to clubs and associations throughout th County. Twenty-eight replies have been received, twenty-three questionnaires having been filled out. Five organizations report no social service being done by them. Nineteen are to be heard from. These are mostly 157 churches whicli are probably doing no direct work which the ques- tionnaires would cover. The Chairman has inspected the County Hospital, Tuberculosis Cottages, the County Farm, the Jail and Detention Home. Piiblicity — A distribution of all the Publicity Propaganda re- ceived from headquarters has been given space in the two news- papers of the city . Both papers have been very courteous and oblig- ing in their stories to give the Women's Committee space. SPECIAL WORK The Special Work undertaken in this County has been the organization of the Woman's War Service Army. This Army has been created to supply the demand for trained workers, permanently organized and fully prepared to cover the city in one day if neces- sary, either by a house-to-house canvass, by telephone or some other method dependent upon the emergency. The colonel having been appointed by the Chairman auto- matically becomes a member of the Executive Board. The Army will serve only upon the order of the Executive Committee, when its assistance is requested in National Drives. The object of the Army is to eliminate waste of time and to conserve energy, also to divide the duties of a drive so that the in- dividual worker may have but few people to reach and small ter- ritory to cover. The Staff of the Army consists of Colonel, Lieutenant-Colonel, Adjutant, Majors and Majors at Large, Captains, Lieutenants, and Sergeants. The first M^ork of the War Service Army was to assist in the United War Fund Campaign, beginning November 11. The district and precinct plan was used for the placing of Honor subscription booths and a telephone was employed. The U. S. Student Nurse Reserve campaign resulted in seventeen applications filed at State Headquarters. SANTA CLARA— Mrs. S. W. Gilchrist, Chairman, June, 1917, to October, 1918; Mrs. J. P. Shambeau, Chairman, October, 1918, to date. Estimated population 120,000. Organized in thirteen district units. Has Women's War Service Army. DEPARTMENT WORK Americanization — Have conducted classes in sewing for the Red Cross among the Italians and for the Japanese and Chinese women. A class of twenty Chinese women as a unit of the Women's Army, does work under the leadership of an educated Chinese woman. A unit of the Army consisting of a number of Italian school girls work in the orchards and canneries daytimes, and do war work among their own people evenings. 158 f'liihircirs Year — Clinics Avere opened in hospitals with volunteer help of doctors, nurses and young women in each town and district. A County Nurse has been engaged as a result of the work of this Committee. Food Adtninistraiion — This Department has been carefully or- ganized with unit and district directors and twenty w^omen volunteers. The work has been thoroughly done as directed by headquarters, and the results have been gratifying. Information avd Library Service — The Chairman has reference liooks on timely topics to date to meet the call of the general public for these publications, and has distributed posters. Horns Economics — On the State Normal School Lawn a flock of turkeys was fed and sold in November for the War Fund. A novel feature introduced at this school was the drying of fruit and vegetables on the flat roofs of the buildings, to be sold for the benefit of the Serbians. The Chairman of this Department has had charge of canning fruit and making jelly and jam, also for the benefit of the Serbians. Liberty Loam — This Committee has been very active and it is due to their efforts that the Third Liberty Loan amounted to $155,000, while the second amounted to $100,000. Wome^i in Industry — All classes of women have joined the Land Army, students, teachers, working girls, Chinese girls from the mis- sion school, and all have supplied labor in fields and orchards. SPECIAL WORK Recruiting student nurses (40). Community Singing under trained leader and a group which gives entertainment at Camp Fre- mont every week. A Song Service is held every Sunday afternoon at the Y. W. C. A. Hostess House. Dances and clean entertainment given soldiers. A Day Nursery established for mothers doing war work. A fund being collected for the benefit of soldiers' families in need. A Speakers' Bureau established w^ith speakers to respond to every call on patriotic subjects. This Bureau to include a number of foreign speakers. War Service Army has done splendid and efficient service in all ' ' War Drives ' ' and the results have been far-reaching. SANTA CRUZ— Mrs. J. G. Piretsky, Chairman, June, 1917, to Sep- tember, 1918 ; Mrs. H. M. Tenney, Chairman, October, 1918, to date. Estimated population 30,000. Organized with following departments: Food Administration — There are fifteen sub-Chairmen in Coun- ty. The Chairman arranged demonstrations throughout the County for the women demonstrators of the College of Agriculture of the University of California; talked at many club and school-teachers' meetings, and at the Farm Bureau centers throughout the County. 159 Especial attention was given the Portuguese people through a local Chairman who spoke their language. These people proved themselves loyal citizens by their hearty response. The Chairman co-operatod with the County Food Administrator in making a flour survey. A booth was maintained for three days at the Red Cross Circus, where demonstrations were given and mimeographed recipes fur- nished. The High School Home Economics teachers co-operated with canning and drying demonstrations in the schools. Sugar permits were issued by this Committee. The Chairman gave one hundred and twenty-one talks, to audi- ences varying from ten to nine hundred. The County has a record ot thirty-one per cent of domestic sugar. Red Cross — Production for two years, ending October 31st, 1918, 108,844 garments and dressings. Christmas packages for soldiers, 508. Influenza masks, 3088. Six and one-half tons of clothing for Belgian Relief. Liberty Loav — The women's part in the Liberty Loan cam- paigns reached a climax, when, at the close of the Fourth Loan $212,- 700 was subscribed by 1059 women in the Pajaro Valley District. This is well over one third of the total subscriptions made, and when it is considered that the total included subscriptions by banks and corporations, the women may well feel that they have fully answered the call of their countr3^ In the First Loan women subscribed for bonds but no special effort was made to work among them nor were women included in the general or soliciting committees. The Second Loan found the women with a Committee of their own. About twenty workers sold slightly in excess of $99,000 worth of bonds. The Third Loan found the same Committee with some additions, again in the field, and $113,000 worth of bonds were sold to women. The last loan called for a supreme effort. A thorough canvass had to be made and no one was to be overlooked. The Committee was enlarged to ninety-eight and these women, after being trained in salesmanship, called on every woman in the Valley. The result was more than gratifying and assured the success of the campaign. From the first the women have gone about this work in a business- like manner. Every woman who solicited was instructed in sales- manship and knew and understood the bonds. She was prepared to make a convincing talk and knew how to sell bonds in large de- nominations. While the Men's Committee was somewhat reluctant to turn over the best prospects to the women in the first campaign, there was no hesitancy in the last. In all three campaigns the women worked with untiring zeal. Discouragements never proved to be obstacles, and the greatest sacrifices were made by these patriotic women to do their full duty, coupled with the advance preparation and the intelligence with which they went to work made the campaigns a success. They have 160 won the confidence of the men as solicitors, they have demonstrated their ability to handle l)nsiness in a business-like manner, and they iiave won the everlasting thanks of the community for making over- subscriptions of the three loans possible. Children's Yfar — The Committee had made all preparations for the measuring and weighing of babies, when the epidemic of influenza caused it to be postponed. SPECIAL WORK The response of the women of Santa Cruz County to the calls of the Nation has at all times been spontaneous. Before our country entered the war, the cry of Belgium and Armenia was heard, and ready hearts and hands were busy preparing garments and collecting funds for those so cruelly bereft. The Saturday Afternoon Club of Santa Cruz and the Watson- ville Woman's Club have kept shoulders to the wheel and have backed up each organization as the call for patriotic service came. The Saturday Afternoon Cluh of Santa Cruz reports $350 sub- scription to Liberty Loan; an American flag presented to the city; play given for the benefit of the Red Cross from which $257.00 was netted; Belgian child adopted; Food Conservation Committee ap- pointed; magazines sent to soldiers each month; Red Cross Social given each month when all knitted or served for the Red Cross; gave demonstrations of the uses of barley products; Thrift Stamp Committee appointed and Community Sing given at High School ; sent jelly and jam to soldiers ; Society Circus given under the leader- ship of Civic Department, which netted nearly $3,000 for Red Cross. Watsonv'ille Woman's Club reports: Red Cross Committee ap- pointed for the purpose of co-operating with the officers of the Chapter in the town; during the Winter months the Club House was opened weekly for comnumity knitting. Hostesses in charge provided an instructress in knitting, also entertainment and tea for the workers. The attendance was most gratifying, ranging in number from seventy- five to one hundred and fift5^ During the last six months of the war the Club House was used for the Red Cross Auxiliaries and equipped with sewing machines for the making of hospital garments, etc. A Thrift Stamp campaign has been pushed by the Club, and meetings in the interest of "Thrift" opened to the public. Four days the Club has been opened to the public for demon- strations of fruit and vegetable canning and for the making of new war breads. This has been done under the auspices of the University of California. A Book Drive was instituted by the Club, which resulted in upwards of 2,000 books being collected and sent to the soldiers at (.-amp Fremont. At Christmas-time a pound box of candy was vsent to every Wat- sonville boy stationed in the camps on this Coast, to the number of one hundred and ten, 161 A War Victory Fund was raised among our women to help in the establishment of recreation homes for soldiers in France by the Club members of America. A Reading- Circle was formed for the purpose of considering some of the best books on the- War. A prominent feature of the year's work was the splendid Belgian iNIarket given under the auspices of the Club in December, which netted the sum of $2140.00 in one day. The smaller towns of Santa Cruz County have each done their part in the great service. As an example, Felton, which comprises not more than two hundred people, men, women and children, sends the following report: "The women began their contributions to the Red Cross Fund by giving teas and other afternoon affairs at which sums from nine dollars to twenty-five were taken in and donated — in all. probably .$200.00 was made in this way. "On the 25th of May, 1918, the ladies gave a Garden Fete and Evening Dance, the entertainment lasting in all twelve hours. From this event $1400.00 was collected and after paying all expenses gave the Santa Cruz County Red Cross $1250.00. "The women of this district also took in $8500.00 for the Fourth Liberty Loan in bond subscriptions." During the Influenza epidemic, Red Cross Hospitals were estab- lished in Watsonville and Santa Cruz. Here again the women dis- tinguished themselves by their wonderful devotion to the sick. School teachers deserve especial mention for their faithfulness and untiring zeal. SHASTA — Mrs. George Sechrist, Chairman. Estimated population 20,000. Organized in six district units. The work done in Shasta County by the Women's Committee of the Council of Defense has been done under great difficulties owing to size of County and inadequate means of reaching the remote parts. DEP.'mTMENT WORK The ChUclren's Year — This Conuuittee showed excellent progress, in fact far beyond expectation, there being nearly three hundred babies weighed and measures and a number of perfect babies regis- tered. Food Adniinistration — The Chairman of this Committee has been very active and has realized good results. She has twenty-eight sub-chairmen who receive from her bulletins twice weekly. She has been able to attend the Farm Bureau meeting in a number of dis- tricts and address them personally. In each case she found the people very eager to learn and do the things required by the Ad- ministration. Food bulletins have been placed in all public offices, and on bulletin boards. Addresses have been made before fraternal orders. 162 Girls' War Service and Home Economics — These two Committees have been handled somewhat together. With the help of the Farm Demonstrator, the girls have been organized in clubs all over the County. Canning and preservation of fruit, vegetables and berries have been successfully demonstrated. With the help of the Farm Demonstrator a free market has been established which has proven more than a success. The Library Service has also proven a success. The Liberty Loan Committee has worked with our Shasta County War Service Committee. The War Service Committee have had charge of all war drives and have never failed to raise the quota. The Bed Cross is well organized and has done a wonderful work in the County. SPECIAL WORK The Student Nurse Reserve was thoroughly organized but only received fifteen applicants. Speakers have been very hard to procure, their time being taken up nearer the large cities. We have had several speak in the interests of Food Conservation and Red Cross. The Community Singing has been overseen by our "Four-Minute Man," Oscar Geballe, also by the Farm Bureau Demonstrator. The Woman's Land Army received quite a few recruits who worked in the fruit sections of the County. The Influenza Epidemic has been looked after by the Red Cross. INIasks were furnished by them, and nurses procured when possible, several of our Committee volunteering to help out. SIERRA— Mrs. F. H. Turner, Chairman. Estimated population 4,098. Organized in twelve local units by towns. DEPARTMENT WORK Food Administration — The merchants and people have been kept informed as to requirements, and the restrictions, especially on sugar and flour, have been carefully observed. Liberty Loan — The County was third in the State in the pro- portion of its Liberty Bond subscriptions. It also made a fine record on War Savings Stamps with $3.91 per capita. Home Economics — The Committee distributed a large number of recipes, thus gratifying many housekeepers. Children's Year — A registration and testing drive was held, awakening much interest in "better babies." Other Departments were completely organized, but detailed re- ports have not been received. SPECIAL WORK Student Nurse Reserve — Six applicants were enrolled for train- ing as nurses. This is believed to be the largest per capita enroll- ment of any County in the State. 1&3 SISKIYOU— :\rrs. H. C. Patterson, Chairman. Estimated population 22,000. Organized in fourteen district units. The Women's Committee has no departmental organization but has co-operated with local organizations in patriotic activities with excellent results. In the matter of Food Conservation, the women worked to spread the gospel of less waste, in order that the problem of high cost of living for the less fortunate, might be solved. The newspapers of the County co-operated and rendered splendid assistance by printing war time recipes and substitutes. The Women's Committee arranged patriotic meetings and gave talks for all war drives. The County Library and its branches assisted by displaying poster, bulletins and literature relative to Government activities, and the Librarian gave out whatever pamphlets were sent her for this purpose. The Women's Committee went on record as endorsing the bill before the legislature providing for the Bureau of Child Hygiene. SOLANO— Mrs. F. A. Steiger, Chairman. Estimated population 37,500. Ten town units. DEPARTMENT VV^ORK Americanization — The Chairman of this Department has trans- lated Government literature relating to conservation, for the benefit of the foreigners, and has held meetings explaining the reasons for conservation and patriotic service to these people who are of her own nationality. Children's Year — The Chairman of this Department has organ- ized her Committee and established M^eighing and measuring centers and the work will continue. Home Economics— Through this Department, publicity is given conservation and the work is carried on through the co-operation of the schools. Liberty Loan — The Avotnen rendered splendid assistance in the house-to-house canvass and assisted in every other possible way. al- though they had no separate organization. Wowcw in IncJustry — Local Chairmen have been appointed in communities where women and girls are employed in large num- bers, especially in the agricultural centers where camps are being constructed to accommodate hundreds of women who work in orchard and field. These Chairmen will investigate and report on conditions in their locality, with a view to bettering conditions. Information and Library Service — The Chairman of this De- partment, the County Librarian, has aided by placing posters and literature at the disposal of the public, and in keeping on file all Government literature. 164 SPECIAL WORK Took up matters of interest locally, such as curfew, one-delivery, and the safeguarding of girls in the navy-yard cities. Did all the advertising and publicity work connected with the various "Drives," and actively assisted in every patriotic endeavor. Started a Student Nurses' Drive. Has organized a Woman's Land Ailmy for work in orchard and field. Conducted a superfluity shop for the benefit of the Red Cross. SONOMA — Mrs. James R. Edwards, Chairman, September, 1917, to January, 1918; ^Irs. J. S. Sweet, Chairman, July, 1918. to date. Estim.ated population 48,394. Organized with eleven local units. Has a War Service Army. DEPARTMENT WORK Children's Year — The Chairman has seven local Chairmen. A successful campaign of weighing and measuring was carried on in June. All plans were made and Chairmen appointed for November Drive, which had to be abandoned on account of Influenza Epidemic. The Chairman has the services of sixteen physicians and two nurses a w^eek at the Headquarters Center in Santa Rosa. There are four rooms, a reception room, a weighing and measuring room and a dressing room. There are provided for the work with the children up to six years of age. Every Saturday morning from ten to twelve the clinic is open for all children. A Health Center has been established in Petaluma — with a free clinic. This will be open every Saturday with a woman doctor and attendant. Food Administration — The Chairman has twenty assistants in the County, have issued 2639 sugar permits and carried out directions of Food Administration. The Chairman distributed all copies of lectures and bulletins received by her. She sent out speakers to counteract influence of German peace note at time of Fourth Liberty Loan. Being a physician, she has given all her time and strength to influenza patients for the last three weeks. Information and Library Service — The Chairman has done splendid work in advertising and giving publicity in every way to all War and Welfare work. In addition to the artistic arrangement of posters all about the walls and the display of pamphlets on all wai" work, a special room has been set aside for displays for definite occasions. It is here that Child Welfare work is given much publicity. Too much cannot be said in praise of the enthusiastic service rendered by this Department Chairman. She has also listed thirty-eight women's organizations for County Chairmen. Liberty Loan — The Chairman, with her assistants, were appointed at the request of the State Chairman of Liberty Loan, by the men 165 in charge of the Liberty Loan in Sonoma County. In some parts of the County, women were not wanted to help until the last few days, consequently no true report of women's service can be given. One woman in a little town, appointed the last week of the drive, sold $9450 of a quota of $lil,000. Another woman, at the last moment, came to the rescue of the Men's Committee and with several assist- ants, sold $25,000. Maintenmice of Existing Social Agencies — The Chairman has visited various social service agencies in Sonoma County and had planned a social evening at the Home of the Feeble Minded at Eldridge, when she was taken ill with influenza. The death of a brother and continued illness has prevented further work for the present. Pnhlicity — The Publicity Chairman has distributed notices sent her and with the aid of the Department and Town Chairmen has endeavored to keep the Women's Committee work before the public. SPECIAL WORK Women's War Service Armies have been formed in five of our principal towns in the last six weeks; are now being used for United War Work Drive. The Women's Committee have distributed songs, literature, speak- ing points, and posters throughout the County for the United War Work Campaign. Have made list of the number of foreign families of County. Student Nurse Reserve — Six applicants were enrolled and ap- plications forwarded to Headquarters. STANISLAUS— Mrs. J. A. Hindman, Chairman, October, 1917, to January, 1918; Mrs. Mollie Bloom Flagg, Chairman, IMay. 1918, to date. Estimated population 45,000. Organized with twenty-two town units. Has Women's War Service Army. DEPARTMENT WORK Children's Year — Weighed and measured nearly eight hundred children. The whole County was organized for the fall drive which had to be abandoned on account of Influenza Epidemic. They are making complete birth registration in County. Education — Made a complete survey of schools of County, and are carrying out all instructions from State Chairman. Food Administration — There were active Chairmen in many villages and towns, who handled sugar permits and followed all directions from Food Administration. Were thoroughly organized to give out new home cards. Girls' War Service — This Committee worked in United War Work Campaign, co-operating with Victory Girls. Camp Fire Girls as- 166 sisted in Red Cross Canteen work, supplying sailors and soldiers with fruit as trains pass through County. Information and Library Service — Active in ditribution of liter- ature, food cards and information. Co-operated in United War Work Campaign. Now gathering biographies and statistics of boys in service. Liberty Loan — j\ien and women worked together. Ma'mtenunce of Existing Social Agencies — Plans made for survey of County institutions. FubUcity — Good publicity in all County papers. Women in Industry — Recruited women during summer season for all kinds of jobs. SPECIAL WORK student Nurse Reserve — Eleven applicants. Infiueyiza Epidemic — Co-operated with Red Cross in making a survey to obtain nurses. Assisted the Y. M. C. A. County Secretary in a survey of the boys of the County. SUTTER— Mrs. H. D. Moncur, Chairman. Estimated population 10,000. Organized in thirteen city units, six district units. Has War Service Army. DEPARTMENT WORK As the population is badly scattered, it has been difficult to organize into departments, but the women have as a whole, been very active in all lines of war work. Children's Year — A Health Center was established in eight towns of the Countj^ where children were weighed, measured and registered to the number of four hundred and twelve. Red. Cross — The Yuba City Work Room alone shipped seven hundred and fifty garments to the refugees, and the County more than fulfilled its quota of surgical dressings, hospital garments and the like. Information and TJbrary Service — The Chairman of this Depart- ment has been busily engaged in collecting books and magazines for the soldiers and has also distributed pamphlets, posters and various pieces of literature to the Branch County Libraries for display and information of the general public. Liberty Jjoan — The women had no separate Committee but work in conjunction with the Men's Committee and it was largely due to their efforts that the quota was oversubscribed by half, $472,500 being the amount requested, and $629,100 being the amount ob- tained from the citizens of Sutter County. SPECIAL WORK Individual lunches furnished to the drafted boys numbering 100. Women's Land Army worked in the orchards and at the cutting sheds. 167 An Emergency Hospital established in the old High School Building during Influenza Epidemic, and the Women's Committee furnished food for the patients and nurses, and worked in the kitchen. The women assisted in every "Drive" in every way possible, making a house-to-house canvass and giving talks wherever possible. The "Victory Girls"' assisted in all drives, and in collecting magazines and lunches for the soldiers. TEHAMA— Mrs. L. L. McCoy, Chairman. Estimated population 16,232. Was not organized until recently. Organized with nine district units. The Chairman visited every part of the County to arouse interest. DEPARTMENT WORK Food Achninistration — An excellent Chairman has distributed literature and bidletins and food demonstrations have been given in every district; many addresses have been made. Children'fi Year — Has three units organized by school districts, the Chairman of one of the districts reported that nail tiles had been given each child, and that every child reported using a tooth brush at least once a day. Arrangements had been made for the weighing and measuring drive, but it was given up on account of tlie Influenza Epidemic. Liberty Loan — The Women's Committee were credited with tifty per cent of the amount secured in the Fourth Liberty Loan cam- paign. Piihlicity — Tlie newspapers have given much free space for all war activities. SPECIAL WORK Assistance has been given by the Women's Committee in all ({overnment drives, and in the Influenza Epidemic. TRlNITi^— Miss Maude Schroeter, Chairman, June, 1937, to October, 1918; Miss Alice Anderson, Chairman, November, 1918, to date. Estimated population 3,300. Twenty-seven district units. This is a rural country and the population is greatly scattered. There are no women's clubs nor women's organizations of any kind. The women, however, have responded to every appeal made upon them in war work, and have assisted in every "Drive." The Girls' War Service Chairman has made a survey of the County, and indexed every girl regardless of whether she belonged to any organization, with a view to organizing for war service. The Chairman of Home Economics has distributed pamphlets, and information regarding conservation, and has had a sewing class 16S nondncted in school in which tlie girls are required to remodel their own dress^es with special emphasis on economy in cutting and in buying m.aterial. The Chairman of the Liberty Loan worked with the Men's Com- mittee and the women assisted in putting their County "Over the top,"' although they had no separate organization. The i'"'ood Administration Chairman distributed literature and recipes for substitutes and had a conservation cook book published For the County. TULARE— Mrs. George G. IIobl)S, Chairman. Estimated population 75,000. Organized with foiirteenn town units. DEPARTMENT WORK Amenconization — Americanization has been the one branch that all have been interested in, for there are many foreigners in Tulare ('Ounty, and the importance of reaching them was evident to all. In Porterville the Italian miners were talked to by Mr. Belgrano of San Francisco, and as a result contributed splendidly to the support of the different war agencies. In Visaiia, Tulare and Lindsay, night schools were conducted, which will mean much in the future to those who attended. Some assistance was rendered to these people during draft registration by the Women's Committee, also much has been done tlirough community singing. Children's Year — It took quite a bit of educational work to in- terest the women in the Children's Year program, because it seemed such a very difficult i)rogram to carry out. Tulare County was not equipped with clinics and nurses, and it was a problem to know just how to go about the work. During September the Chairman and County Chairman visited all of the small places and explained the plans and appointed a Children's Year Committee in each place. The County Council of Defense joined the Women's Committee in using every effort to persuade the Super- visors to appoint two County Pul)lic Health Nurses to assist in carry- ing on this work. It was not until the first week in October that they finally decided to grant the request, and all plans were made a second time to carry on the work when the epidemic made it im- possible to continue. Everything is ready to again go to work next month. We now have everything ready and will start our nurses in the first of next month to do the work that should have been done long ago. Educational — The Chairman of the Educational Department sent out all of the literature sent her from the State, also sent out letters to teachers over the country to ascertain how many children were out of school that should be in attendance. Educational Propaganda — The most that was done by this Chair- man was the sending out of literature. Outlines for commencement programs were also placed in a few of the schools. 169 ... Food Admimsiration — ^The Chairman not only worked among the women, but sent out to every school in the County a statement, asking the teachers to have the children copy it and take it home and read it to the family at the supper table and report next day on how many had heard it, thus getting her message into the homes of many foreign people who would not have gotten it any other way. Shortly after this her work was carried on through the Food Ad- ministration and she was appointed County Woman Food Adminis- trator. Demonstrations were conducted through schools and women's clubs. Girls' War Service — The Chairman of this Department reports three different groups of girls in the County, who have organized and are supporting one Belgian baby and two French orphans. Another group have taken a course in "Home Care of the Sick," and all have assisted in Red Cross work. Information and Library Service — The Chairman of this Depart- ment did splendid work. She reports that even though Tulare County fell a little short on funds, they were generous with books and magazines — 2693 volumes being sent in and such quantities of mag- azines that no record was kept of them. The Camp Kearny Librarian stated that the best collection of books from any one town had come from the little town of Strathmore in Tulare County. Liberty Loan — During the first Liberty Loan Drive, the women of Tulare County did splendid work. It was not possible to keep an accurate account of just what they did, but in figuring up the final outcome, the County Chairman of the Men's Committee cred- ited the women with selling bonds to the amount of about $125,000. The women stood ready to assist in every possible way during the next three drives, but they were only used in some parts of the County. Publicity — There has been good publicity. Women in liulustry — The Chairman of this Department reported that many women were working in the fruit as usual ; some few were doing cultivating on ranches, and a few others were working in hay fields. A sharp lookout was kept on canneries to see that they lived up to the rulings of the State Industrial Welfare Commission. Much information was collected and publislied regarding the Women's Land Army. spectaIj work Under this head, a report of the work of the two County nurses comes. They have 4,400 square miles of territory to cover and 4025 children to examine. This was divided and one had 2100 square miles and the other 2300 to cover. They visited the schools from October 16th to November 2nd, giving lectures to pupils and teachers on symptoms and care in influenza and the necessity of isolation of infected persons. They went into the County Influenza Pavilion where one had charge and the other was night nurse. Since the epidemic they have gone back to the school work and some home work where there were suspected cases of influenza and gave advice in nursing care. 170 The points on which eacli child is examined are : Vision, hear- ing, teeth, throat, nose, glands, and general nutrition. She lectures to the mothers on one of the following subjects : The correctable de- fects of childhood, pre-natal care, infant welfare, child welfare and diet of children. Parents are then encouraged to ask questions and a general discussion follows. After securing names and addresses of expectant mothers in the district, the nurse returns home. Pre-natal literature and instructions are sent to the expectant mothers. A written notification is sent to the mothers of defective children, the nature of the defect being explained and advice given. A permanent physical record of each pupil examined is kept by the nurse. Student Nurse Reserve — About thirty applications were sent in of girls who enlisted in the nurse reserve. Influenza Epidemic — The County Chairman secured help for the Dinuba Hospital and placed several nurses in various homes, also secured two to go to Tulare. Community Singing — Community Singing was carried on very successfully in a number of towns. Dinuba did its Americanization work by particularly inviting the foreign element to attend the sing- ing, which was held for an hour every Sunday afternoon. They al- ways came and seemed to enjoy it. Day Nursery — A day nursery was conducted in Dinuba by the Women's Committee unit for several weeks. It did not prove as much of a success as had been hoped, because of lack of experience and funds. The women hope, however, to be able to do something in the future, TUOLUMNE— Mrs. 0. J. Mouron, Chairman. Estimated population 9,979. Organized into eleven city units. Has War Service Army. DEPARTMENT WORK Liberty Loan — Throughout the various campaigns, the Chairman and her workers have assisted in bringing this County over the top. The women have worked in conjunction with the men and have given assistance in the rallies held throughout the County. It is estimated that the amount of subscriptions secured by the Women's Committee is more than one-third of the entire amount subscribed. Child Welfare — The Chairman of this Department has been actively engaged in distributing literature and in explaining the "Children's Year Program" throughout the County with the result that this County went over the top not only in the number of children weighed and measured but in physical condition as well. Food Administration — In addition to patriotic meetings to arouse public enthusiasm, literature was distributed on the subject of ''Con- servation." Cook books were compiled with war recipes. The Chair- man reports splendid co-operation on the part of all in regard to 171 conservation, and a disposition to carry out the wishes of the CtOv- ernment in every particular. InformatAoii and Lihrarij Service — The County Library has as- sisted in all war w(n'k by keepins: bulletins, pamphlets and books bear- ing on each subject, on file in its numerous branches, together with posters prominently displayed. A special effort is made to supply information to communities far removed from centers of activity. Puhlicity — All of the County newspapers, six in number, co- operate with the Chairman of this Department and publish articles every week relating to Women's War Work. SPECIAL \VORK The Women's Committee has conducted the various "Drives," making a house-to-house canvass in each case. Have assisted in getting up patriotic programs. Plave compiled and published cook books in the interest of food conservation. VENTURA— Mrs. L. B. Hogue, Chairman, June 5, 1917, to November 22, 1918; Mrs. Frank SifiPord. Chairman. November 22, 1918, to date. Estimated population 22,000. Organized witli twenty-one district units. Ninety-three Women's Organizations in the County co-operate with the Women's Committee. DEPARTMENT WORK (Children's Year — A child v»'elfare week Avas held in September when one hundred and fifty babies were measured. On account of an epidemic of whooping cough and measles further work had to be postponed. At the Ventura County Fair, October 2nd to 5th, one hundred and fifty children were examined and some were recom- mended for immediate clinical work. A Dietary Table was set up for demonstration and posters were displayed in which the mothers were much interested. Prior to April, 1917, the Public Health Chairman had conducted examinations for over eight hundred children. At this time they were given instructions in the proper care of the teeth; use of water, externally and internally; proper breathing exercises; and care of large cervical glands, which are very common in Ventura County. Food Administration — The facts of food conservation were brought home to the people of the County through the medium of: (1) Demonstration of war recipes. (2) Instruction on canning, drying and preserving in the pub- lic school. (3) Club and Parlor Meetings on Food Conservation. (4) Exhibits in public places. (5) Distribution of posters, recipes, and Government sugges- tions. 172 The above mentioned demonstrations were eight in number, viz: two in Fillmore, three in Santa Paula, two in Ventura, and one in Oxnard. The recipes include : War liread, meat substitutes, sugarless desserts, wheatless cakes, sugarless candies, and 3000 copies in Span- ish for distribution among the Mexicans of the County. The exhibits included posters made by the schools and those sent by the Food Administration, exhibits of animal fat substitutes and of the daily sugar ration. The County of Ventura is now completely organized along the lines of the precinct plan. In this County two hundred and forty- eight women, including the Librarians, Publicity Committee and the Head Chairman of each town were working on the food problem. Each Unit Chairman -was provided with copies of the Food Bulletin and other suggestions made by the Food Administrator. The Potato C^auipaign was carried out as planned hy the Gov- ernment. Library Service — The Library has distributed many kinds of recipes, both printed and multigraphed, and other conservation material in considerable quantities. The Official Food Bulletin was sent to most of the general branches and many extra copies were dis- tributed by the larger branches. The posters sent liy the Food Administration have been dis- tributed and displayed. The Library has purchased for circulation through the branches, books on wheatless and meatless cookery, use of corn products, can- ning and preserving. The Library had a booth at the County Fair, October 2nd to 5th, 1918, and considerable food conservation literature was dis- tributed. The Santa Paula Library has planned five hundred scrap books, four hundred story books were made for the soldiers in hos- pitals at home and abroad. Social Agencies — All who have come asking for help from this agency have been placed according as their needs dictated, namely : 1. Three destitute families were settled and provided with work. 2. One family, having lost their trunks and boxes in crossing the Mexican border were completely clothed and fed. 3. In another family medical aid was secured for the mother, a layette provided for the babj'', and work was procured for the father. Hundreds have been taken care of during the influenza epidemic. Americwnizaiion — The G^hairman of the "Women's Committee called a meeting of representatives of Native Daughters, D. A. R., W. C. T. U., Latin Union, County Superintendent of Schools, and Clubs of the Count}' to meet Mrs. Gibson, State Chairman of Amer- icanization, and plan work in the County. Twenty-six attended. At this meeting we had a map of the County showing where the for- eigners were located. An estimate was made of the number and nationality of all foreigners living in each locality. Santa Paula, Fillmore and Oxnard have reported Mexican Patriotic Meetings. 173 An effort is noAv being made to secure Home Teachers in the Citrus Packing Houses. Educational Propaganda — This Committee has helped establish Liberty Choruses and Community Singing, is keeping in touch with children who leave school before they are sixteen, hoping to have them return to school when practicable. Liberty Loan — The wom.en of this County subscribed for $425,475 in bonds in the Fourth Liberty Loan. Home Econo-mics — We have had public demonstrations and worked out manj^ recipes along conservation lines. Worked on con- servation lines in sewing and textiles. Home Economics lessons were given in the High Schools and Grammar Grades. Publicity — Special publicity has been given to the conservation of clothing and household supplies. All material sent out by the Women's Committee has been published in the County papers and the credit given to the Women's Committee. Red Cross — Two tons of shells and pits were collected and sent on to make carbon for the gas masks. One ton of clothing in good repair was sent to the Belgian Relief Committee. All the allotments of Refugee garments have been completed and other towns have been assisted in finishing their allotments. Wo7)ien in Industry — The purpose and work of the Land Army has been explained and advertised throughout the County at all meetings of the Farm Bureau and in all public places. Special representatives were sent to speak at Somis, Saticoy and Ventura, urging co-operation between the farmer and workers in the Land Army. A Land Army office was open three days a week at the County Court House. Those who wished work done, especially in the beans, were urged to apply here so that units might be sent as quickly as they were needed. Units of the Land Army were placed as follows: 1. In the upper Ojai to work in the apricots. 2. Throughout the County during August to work in the fruit, 3. Throughout tlie County during September to work in the l)eans. 4. Systematic arrangement, through the Land Army Office is now being made to take care of the walnut crop. SPECIALi WORK Carried on the drive for the U. S. Student Nurses' Reserve and secured twenty-five nurses. An effort was made to secure a County Public Health Nurse. Assisted with patriotic meetings for Governor Stenhens and Dr. Ray Lyman Wilbur. The entire amount contributed by Ventura County to the War Library Fund was collected by the Women's Committee. Boys were recruited for the Boys' Working Reserve. The State School for Girls in Ventura has done fine work in food production and conservation and has had a remarkable exhibit of dried and canned fruits and vegetables. 174 YOLO— Mrs. Herbert C. Coil, Chairman. Estimated population 16,000. Eight district units. Has Liberty League consisting of over one thousand women, acting in same capacity as War Service Army. DEPAETMENT WORK The population of Yolo County is small and scattered. This being a rural community, the problems which confront the thickly populated sections do not exist. For this reason the work is con- fined to only a few of the regular departments. The women have responded to every call m.ade upon them in the war work, and have assisted wherever and whenever possible. Liberty Loan — The w^omen assisted in obtaining pledges for the loans, and later assisted in collecting same, closing the last drive Math $500,000 to their credit. Publicity — All newspapers in the County have rendered all possible assistance in placing items of interest before the public and have co-operated with the Women's Committee at all times. Red Cross — Has a large chapter and has fulfilled its quota in sewing, knitting, surgical dressings and the like. Also established an Emergency Hospital during the Influenza epidemic, and with the assistance of the Women's Committee, provided food, medicine and nurses for the sick. Children's Year — The Epidemic interfered with the work of weighing and measuring, but the Women's Committee is prepared to carry on the work as soon as expedient. Am.Gricanization — The Chairman of this Department opened a Night School for Japanese women which continued through the winter and was Avell attended. Food Administration — Talks and dem.onstrations given in a number of communities, and some very excellent demonstrations in drying vegetables given. Literature regarding conservation given out. Library and Information — Chairman of this Department ren- dered excellent service by displaying poster and literature, and in keeping on hand in the County Library, books relative to the several subjects suggested by Headquarters. SPECIAL WORK Relief in funds and clothing for the Belgians and French. An Emergency Hospital during Influenza Epidemic, and foocl and medicines supplied, and instructions in diet given. Christmas boxes prepared for the boys in France. Has organized a Woman's Land Army. 175 YT'BA — ]\Irs. E. B. Stanwood, Chairman, June, 1917. to October, 1918; Mrs. L. R. Hurgert. ("hairnian, October, 1918, to date. Estimated population 13,500. Organized Avith four town units and thirtyfive school district units. Has a Women's War Service Army. DEPARTMENT WORK AmericamzafAoi — The nationalities represented in this County are Japanese, Chinese, Greeks, Mexicans and Hindus. A survey of their number and needs is being made. In the registration of women for War Service, nineteen women signed up to teach foreigners English. This teaching is now going on. Food Conservation — The Food Pledge Drive showed a very high percentage of signed pledge cards for the County. Food Con- servation talks were given at all the women's organizations; lectures and demonstrations on the use of wheat and meat substitutes: pamphlets on meat conservation were prepared by the Food Con- servation and Home P^iconomics Chairmen in co-operation, and these were distributed free throughout the County. All the work planned by the Food Administration was carried out throughout the County. Children's Year— The Committee did a fine piece of work in the weighing and measuring campaign ; has given much publicity to the question of pure milk: distributed Children's Year pamphlets and seals and posters. Liherty Loan — For the Fourth Lil^irty Loan, Yuba and Sutter Counties were consolidated. The Men's and Women's Committees were in close co-operation, joint committees being sent out together. By agreement, half of the amount subscribed in each County was credited to the Women's Committee. Registration— The registration of women for War Service was made throughout the County, using a card, prepared locally, marked ''Service Pledge Card," on which there were eighteen different opportunities listed for war service . About ninety per cent of the women of the County registered for this service. This registration has been of great use in providing war workers to assist on different committees. SPECIAL WORK War Service Army — The Women's War Service Army has as- sisted in all drives; collected clothing for the Belgians: acted as ushers and money raisers at patriotic meetings and has been avail- able for every possible Avar ser\nce from stenographic work to singing patriotic songs. A valuable j)art of the War Service Army is the Patriotic Leagues of the High and Grammar Schools, which have assisted in all drives. Entertainment of the soldiers was part of this service, and the Army also bought 'a service flag for the County. 176 Coynmunihj Singing — This was begun by forming a Connnittee of representative citizens and announcing four weekly Comnumity Sings to learn patriotic songs. After these were learned, meetings were devoted to studying carols for the Community Christmas Tree celebration. This was held on Christmas Eve, the community singers afterwards going through the town singing carols and patriotic songs. A Director of Community Music has been appointed to ar- range for monthly concerts. This Director has also collected sheet music, musical instruments and phonographic records for use in the cantonments. Thrift Stamp Campaign — The Women's Committee wms asked by the Thrift Stamp Committee of Yuba County to make a house- to-house canvass, urging everyone to start a thrift card. Over five- sixth of the inhabitants now possess thrift cards. Y. W. C. A. Campaign — Was conducted by the Women's Com- mittee, \\ith the result that they collected twelve per cent over the quota. United War Drive — The Women's Committee worked with men and were assisted by the Women's Army and Girls' War Service League, and the result was very successful. Women's Land Army — Assisted in harvesting fruit and grains. Eighteen women have learned to drive tractors, and also a number of girls who drive trucks and do delivering. The Army also worked in picking and packing apples and plums, in canneries and in vineyards. In some parts of the County women assisted in hauling sacks of wheat and in haying. Committee on Correspondence — The Women's Committee gave five entertainments for soldiers on the eve of their leaving the County, and a Chairman of Correspondence was appointed, who gave hor name to the boys, and placed herself at their service while thev were awav. 177 REPORTS OF STATE ORGANIZATIONS COMPOSING THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE THE ALLIANCE OF UNITARIAN AND OTHER LIBERAL CHRISTIAN WOMEN Mrs. L. N. Wyckoff, President The Alliance of Unitarian Women in the State of California has identitied itself with all Red Cross activities, forming Auxiliaries, thus working independently in the making of surgical dressings, knitted hospital and refugee garments, etc. Thousands of these article have been furnished and turned in to the local Red Cross. Chapters in communities wherever our branches are located. Indi- vidual members have given their services for drives to raise funds, home service and nursing the sick. The work of Food Conservation has been aided by our en- deavors. Some of the larger branches report the purchasing of hundreds of dollars worth of Liberty Bonds and War Savings Stamps; the adoption and care of French Orphans; and the sending of members to join the nursing force in Prance. Through all the effort put forth during this time of stress, there has been a lovely spirit of service and self sacrifice shown by the women of the Alliance. ASSOCIATION OF COLLEGIATE ALUMNAE Mrs. F. C. Turner, President There are nine Branches of the Association of Collegiate Alumnae in the State of California, namely: 1 — The California Branch (San Francisco Bay region). 2 — ^The San Jose Branch. 3 — The Fresno Branch. 4-— The Santa Barbara Branch. 5 — The Ventura Branch. 6 — The Women's University Club of Los Angeles. 7 — The Southern California Branch (Riverside, Redlands, etc.). 8 — The San Diego Branch. 9 — The Imperial Valley Branch. Since the United States first entered the Avar, some of the Branches have had War Service Committees, or have resolved them- selves into organizations for war work; and since the formation of the California Women's Coramitte, all the Branches have co-operated with the County or Unit Chairman of the Women's Committee or both. The first definite piece of war work by any of the California Branches was a conference planned for and arranged by the mem- bers of the California Branch at the I"'^niversity of California during 178 the Summer Session of 1917, when, for the first time, the problem of Boy and Women Labor in Food Production was discussed. The Branches have done much to provide speakers and workers in all of the war activities. Members of the California Branch urged that there should be classes in Food Production and Food Conservation, and helped to form them at the University of Califor- nia Summer School in 1917, and all the Branches have been active along these lines ever since, as they have been also along all other lines, Americanization, Girls' Work, Women in Industry, Educa- tion, Red Cross, Home and Foreign Eelief. Several Branches, as well as individual members, are helping to support French and Belgian orphans. A. C. A. members assisted materially in securing from all over California late college graduates to form a class in Training of Nurses at the University of California Summer School in 1918 and also worked hard in the campaign for nurses. They have been liberal subscribers to Liberty Bonds and all other funds; have sent many books, magazines and boxes to the soldiers and sailors; have aided the Stanford Unit, Y. M. C. A. and Y, W, C. A. workers, as well as those in the War Camp Community Service and Defenders' Clubs. The Women's University Club of Los Angeles has sent one of their own members, who was a skilled dietitian, to France under the Red Cross, raising all the necessary funds. They also have in their reading sections, endeavored to pro- mote an ''international-mindedness"— and are now busy, many of them, on reconstruction plans, helping in the rehabilitation of soldiers, in the Army and Navy Placement work, and in the large field of Americanization, and all other kinds of education. BELGIAN RELIEF Mrs. W1LI.0UHBY Rodman, President The Los Angeles Committee for Relief in Belgium and Northern France began work in October, 1914, by making collections for the California Relief Ship, and has continued its work ever since. The Committee, which is a branch of the C. R. B., has collected and sent over in food, clothing and money, $225,000. The money has been collected through entertainments, sales and solicitation of special gifts and pledges. The most fruitful source has been the lunch room called "Little Belgium," opened at 854 South Hill Street, Los Angeles, last May. The use of the building was given, the furnishings given or loaned, all the food donated, as well as the service, so that the entire proceeds are sent across with no de- ductions. The money paid there for three luncheons will supply the much-needed supplementary meal to some underfed Belgian child for a month. In appreciation of the work of the President, King Albert and the Belgian Government officially conferred upon Mrs. Rodman the title of "Friend of the Belgian People." 179 THE CALIFORNIA CIVIC LEAGUE San Francisco Center Kiss JMarton Delaney, President Food Conservation — In August, 1917, war rations charts were compiled. These were printed in the form of large charts and 1 4,000 leaflets and " distributed in the schools of San Francisco and also sent to numerous other cities upon request. A "Cheat the Garbage Pail" exhibit was held at the Land Show. In December the Committee took part in the Food Pledge drive for the Center. Weekly meetings of the Food Conservation Conmiittee were held, which were addressed by food experts, to prepare the members for their educational campaign. Fourteen speakers were trained to give talks on food conservation in the public schools, mothers' clubs, etc. At the request of the Food Administration a set of four talks on food conservation was compiled for the schools of the State. In March, 1918. a demonstration of diets for children was arranged at the Baby Welfare Exhibit and demonstrators were supplied, A poster and menu contest was held at the local high schools. Under the auspices of the Center, the United States Bureau of Fisheries gave eighteen demonstrations which were attended by twenty-five hundred women. War Service — Under the War Service Committee, courses in First Aid and Dietetics M'ere organized which were attended by over eleven hundred women. Twenty-five members who had taken secre- tarial courses volunteered for clerical service in connection with the draft. Recreation for the soldiers was handled in conjunction with the San Francisco Recreation Committee and later the War Camp C^ommunity Service. A War Saving Society was f(n-med and Thrift Stamps have been on sale at every meeting. Tlie various Liberty Loan Campaigns have been aided. A Red Cross Auxiliary was formed which did splendid work. Over fifty thousand surgical dressings Avere turned out ; nearly seven thousand knitted garments and over three hundred hospital gar- ments. Girls' Advisory Council — In response to a demand for the pro- tection of young girls in war time, the Center, in November, 1917, initiated the Girls' Advisory Council. The city contributed the services of a field worker for six months and offices were opened. One of the first pieces of work was securing the installation' of a patrol by the commanding officer of the Presidio, for the protection of the soldiers and women. Soon after its inception the Council received official recognition from the National Committee on Women and Girls and from the Law Enforcement Committee of the Commission on Training Camj) Activities. The city police department has continued the entire time of a field worker for this special work. The Council early realized that one of the most important phases of pi-eventive work lay in making an improvement in the dance 180 halls. A survey of conditions was made by a special worker paid by the War Camp Communitj^ Service. As a result of this in- vestigation the Police Department ordered the dance hall pro- prietors to install supei'visors. The policy pursued is to keep tlie halls open if possible and to make the recreation as safe and as wholesome as possible. Lectures — During the period of the war ninety-two lectures on war topics were given by the Center. CALIFORNIA FEDERATION OF CATHOLIC ALUMNAE JMiss jNIary ]\I alloy, President Food Coiservation — Every month the Promotion Committee has met to receive instructions and literature for distribution among our members who have manifested an active interest, and desire to further the good work. Liberty Lomi — This organization worked for the drives where- ever and whenever possible, but owing to the fact that the mem- bers are nearly all business women it was necessary for them to purchase bonds through their places of employment, and no estimate of the amount can thus be given. One of our members, however, succeeded in selling $15,000 worth of bonds through her knowledge of the Slavonic language, and in like manner bonds were sold to Italians through our Committee. Aniericamzation — A canvass is being made for members who speak foreign languages, in order that assistance may be rendered in this work. Red Cross — Red Cross Centers have been established in our schools and these are doing good work. Kits and various articles have been sent to Camp Chaplains, as well as numerous scientific books. At the commencement of one college, a cafeteria luncheon was served on the grounds, the entire proceeds of which Avere de- voted to the Red Cross. In the recent drives the members of this organization were extremelj^ active, netting very considerable sums. CALIFORNIA CONGRESS OF MOTHERS AND PARENT- TEACHER ASSOCIATION Dr. Jessie A. Russetjj, President Tlie California Congress of Mothers and Parent-Teacher Associa- tion became a great power for War Service work during the period of this war. In addition to its own organization each association worked in harinony with its nearest public school enabling it to begin systematized and effective work without loss of time. Both by direct efforts and in co-operation with their schools and through their children most of the associations took active part in every drive directed by the Government. Particularly was this true regarding the Junior Red Cross, Thrift Stamps, Red Star, and Foreign Orphan Relief Drives. 181 Large number of Federations and Associations bought Liberty Bonds, particularly of the second, third and fourth issues, raising money for same by picture shows and other entertainments and liolding them for future philanthropic uses. This in addition to pur- chase by individual members or through their school children. Almost as a unit they worked for the Red Cross and formed large number of Auxiliaries. Nearly all Associations assisted in col- lecting books for the soldiers and sent Yule Tide Boxes. In rural places fruit and vegetables were preserved by the members and home gardens were maintained. In their regular meetings lessons and lectures were given in war cooking and food economy. The Executive Board issued pamphlets respecting the laws and etiquette relating to the flag and other patriotic subjects, war aims and accomplishments, community singing of patriotic songs, read- ings, etc. The patriotic tone of the State Convention in May and the nature of the reports turned in by the delegates showed a wealth of aims and accomplishments which could not possibly be put into figures, though the latter were large, one Federation alone reporting over six thousand dollars in cash in addition to garments, books, food, Yule Boxes, or work done through the schools and this was only a partial report. The above does not include what was done by separate but over lapping departments, such as Americanization, Scholarship, Educational and Home Relief. CALIFORNIA FEDERATION OF MUSIC CLUBS Mrs. Bessie BARTiiETT-FRANKEL, President A special committee was formed last April for the duration of the war, co-operating with the War Camp Community Service, in furnishing musical programs at the Cantonments, of the best artists available in California. In addition, the individual clubs and )inisicians gave their services for the (^amps. Red Cross and War Savings Drives. A Song Leader was furnished and Community Choruses were organized in various parts of the State. Neighborhood Sings were emphasized and a state-wide Week of Song was held — with a song leader in every theater. In localities where the influenza ban had been lifted a Four O'clock Thanksgiving Sing was held, complying with the National Day of Song. Records, instruments and sheet music for the soldiers and sailors were collected and all of the clubs responded in the special drive for records last month. A Genera] Chairman representing the Musicians assisted in Liberty Loan Drives. It is impossible to give any more detailed account of the War Work accomplished, but our Board of Directors "know that the Music Clubs and the Musicians of California responded generously and willingly to every call made upon them. 182 During: the coming months the efforts of the Federation will be along the lines of Americanization as there is nothing so far- reaching for Americanization as Music. CALIFORNIA FEDERATION OF WOMEN'S CLUB Mrs. H. a. Cable, President The President of the California Federation of Women's Clubs is also the Chairman of the Women's Committee of the State Council of Defense of California. The war work of the Federation, with its five hundred differ- ent Clubs throughout California, is difficult to chronicle. INIost of the Clubs have formed Red Cross Auxiliaries. This is especially true of those Clubs which own their own Club Houses. Regular meetings of these Auxiliaries have been held and thousands of surgical dressings, knitted articles, hospital garments and clothing for Foreign Relief, have been turned into the Red Cross Chap- ters all over the State. The Clubs have also, most of them, as units, canvassed in all the various War Drives. Between the Clubs in the large cities there has been a friendly rivalry as to which one should turn in the largest amount of Liberty Bonds, War Savings Certificates and Red Cross Memberships. Through the Emergency Service Committee the Clubs have been kept advised of the Bulletins from Washington, and the service asked by the National Government from the women. Every Club in the State of California has been circularized many times with this information. The Clubs have responded loyally and en- thusiastically. They have been especially effective in the educational propaganda, and have reached, through their membership, large num- bers of people with the messages, the facts and statistics which the Government wished emphasized to counteract the insidious Ger- man propaganda, which was so freely circulated at the beginning of the war. The Chairman of the Music Department of the Federation has been very active in gathering instruments, records and music for the camps and cantonments in California. Before the National "drive" for records was started she had already forwarded hundreds of them to the various camps. She acted as Chairman for the "drive" for records and gathered together the largest number of records of any unit. Many Clubs have hold regular weekly or monthly entertain- ments for the soldiers in their Clubhouses. These have mostly taken the form of dances; other entertainments, however, have been given, with programs and Community Singing. Many of the Clubs have furnished programs at the camps when requested to do so by the Young Men's Christian Association, or the War Camp Community Service. The Clubs h?.ve furnished leaders in every kind of War Work throughout the State. 183 ]Many of the centers where children were weighed and measured have been in Women's Clubhouses and the women have assisted to make the "Children's Year Program" a success in the State. "Americanization" has recived interested attention from the Clubs and some of them are making it their principal work for the coming year. They are keeping in friendly touch with the foreign- speaking women in their localities, asking them to tea-parties and to other entertainments as a beginning of establishing the right kind of friendly relations. Many Clubhouses have been used as Community Centers, both for "Food Conservation" and in canning and preserving surplus fruits and vegetables, and also in the recent epidemic of influenza, their kitchens have been used for preparing food for the sick. "The Clubwoman," the official magazine of the California Federation of Women's Clubs, has given generous space each month for the duration of the war, to the publication of bulletins and news of the work of the Women's Committee of the Council of Defense, and has also given publicity to educational propaganda in the in- terests of winning the war. One entire number was devoted to the subject of "Americanization," different phases of the subject being presented. In addition to the large amounts subscribed to the various bond issues by individual clubs and club members, which it is impossible to tabulate, the State Executive Board purchased bonds to the amount of $2,^50.00. The War Victory Commission, which was organized by the General Federation of Women's Clubs, to build and equip Furlough Houses in the Leave Areas in France, received hearty and enthusiastic support from the Clubs of California, which have contributed $10,298.97 for this purpose. When the plan was changed from equipping houses to sending over women-workers, the California F'ederation was ready with two splendid candidates, Miss Helen Wisler of Los Angeles, and Miss Theresa Z. Cogswell of Pomona, who are now on their way to France. A complete survey of the War Work of the California Fed- eration of Women's Clubs is now being made by the Emergency Service Chairman. CALIFORNIA STATE FEDERATION OF COLORED WOMEN'S CLUBS Mrs. Hattte B. Tilghman, President "Duty and Service" is the slogan of the women of our State Federation and a ready and willing response to all appeals is at all times manifest. The National Red Cross through its many Chap- ters in California touched and filled the hearts of the patriotic and tried ones and with an overflowing of love for the soldiers in camp, in trenches and in hospitals, our women manipulated the needle constantly, thereby furnishing thousands of surgical dressings, articles of clothing, etc., for the comfort of the fighting forces of 184 the Allied Nations. A deep interst in the various Red Cross Drives has l)een manifested by our club women and in the drive durinp; the early part of the summer each of the twelve auxiliary or units vi(M] witli tlie other in raising money for the Red Cross treasury. Oakland led in the raee when Ada Young raised twelve hundred and fifty dollars, with Florence Nightingale following. The un- selfish and patriotic spirit was displayed when the call in the form of an appeal was sent forth by the Government for increased mem- bership by placing upon the roll of the American Red Cross the names of those who have pity on suffering wherever found and with a willingness to relieve misfortune whenever needed. Earnest and sincere in their duties and obligations, our club women's endeavors added more than two thousand naiiies to the American Red Cross membership roll. "Conserve and Preserve" is our motto in food conservation, and when the women of the United States were appealed to by Mr. Hoover to help win the war in their homes through the proper use of food and a less wasteful habit, economy and thrift became an every day study and every club woman's household accepted the pleasure of sharing with our fighting forces of strong bone and sinew the very best and nu)st substantial food to be had. "Win the war at this table" has been heed'nl with reverence in tlie homes of our club women and mothers. The purchase of Liberty Bomls has not been unheeded, for dui"- ing the second and third Liberty Bond Drives the members of the Federation in different cities canvassed from day to day the many homes, and re}>orted, approximately, pledges amounting to the sum of thirty-five thousand dollars. War Savings Stamps and Thrift Stamps have interested the children above our expectations and many hundreds of dollars collected can be credited to the coming men and women of tomorrow. The pleasant opportunity to study the programs of tlie Na- lional and State Council of Defense with their many interesting .subjects outlined, has proven a wonderful education, and though the war with all its horrors has been most appalling, yet the women of the world have been afforded a remarkable opportunity to assume their rightful places where they are standing steadfast and im- movable waiting to take up the task of reconstruction in this world of human affairs. CALIFORNIA STATE NURSES' ASSOCIATION Louise Groth, R. N., President The California State Nurses' Association consisting of fourteen County Associations and two thousand members, has given most at- tention to the enrollment of nurses in the Red Cross Nursing Service for "Overseas" and Cantonment work. We have recruited from our members : Navy Base Hospitals, Numbers 2 and 3. Army Base Hospitals, Numbers 30, 35 and 47. In all nine hundred nurses have been assigned to duty. 185 The various County Associations, composing the State Associa- tion, have purchased some $2,000 worth of Liberty Bonds, $250.00 worth of War Savings Stamps, have assisted in Red Cross Drives for funds, and Liberty Loan Drives. Knitting Auxiliaries have been formed and many sweaters, socks and helmets made for the use of the army and navy. CAMP FIRE GIRLS Miss Esther Schneider, President The girls have continued this year with their patriotic activities as usual — earning honors in their patriotic work, food conservation, relief work, saving of money and materials. They have adopted babies, clothing them and providing board- ing homes. They have participated in patriotic rallies and parades, acting as ushers, and presenting pretty floats in parades. The girls presented a drill in the Crreek Theater at Berkeley. Numbers of sweaters, nnifflers and socks have been knitted. CATHOLIC LADIES' AID SOCIETY Mrs. Joseph Gabriel Kearney, President When the United States entered the war the whole strength of this organization was used for the purpose of assisting in carrying out every phase of the War Work launched by the Government. The State Grand President financed Auxiliaries to the Red Cross in many cities of the State. Where it was not practical to form Auxiliaries the members of the Society co-operated and worked with Local Chapters. A Committee was appointed by every Branch to participate in every war drive, viz : Liberty Loan Drives — 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th. War Savings Stamps. Y. M. C. A. Knights of Columbus. United War Work. The ten Branches in San Francisco took charge of a War Savings Stamp booth and sold $30,000 worth of stamps. Every Branch assisted and contributed to the entertainment of the men in service. St. Margarets, a club for young ladies, conducted by this So- ciety, gave a dance once a month for the men in uniform. DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION Mrs. Cassius C. Cottle, State Regent This report is the recorded War Relief Work of the forty-five Chapters, comprising a membership of 1960 members. Names of Camps Benefited in the Report — Camps Fremont, Kearney and Lewis; Naval Base San Pedro, Marsh Field Aviation Camp and Arcadia Balloon School and Fort McArthur. 186 Amount of money contributed to the Army, Navy, Aviation and Overseas Forces $ 2,781 .00 Y. W. C. A., Y. M. C. A., Red Cross, Salvation Army and other War Relief Organizations 25,535.15 For Our Allies anywhere 5,165.00 War Savings Stamps 33,765.00 For Home Relief 2,311.00 Liberty Bonds Purchased by Chapters 2,060.00 Liberty Bonds Purchased by Individuals 476.000.00 Contributed to the N. S. D. A. R. $100.00 Bond 1,424.00 Contributed to the Tillaloy Fund 300.00 Number of Knitted Garments 10,361 '' " Hospital Garments 10,384 " Comfort Kits 2,346 " " Surgical Dressings 10,249 " Books 940 " Boxes of Children's Clothes 57 " Boxes Milk 4 " " Boxes Lemons 10 " Victrolas 2 " Glasses of Jelly 845 Kid Gloves 1 barrel French and Belgian Orphans adopted 71 Number of Men Entertained 12,537 " Soldiers Adopted 75 " " Ambulances 1 Seven Daughters in Overseas Service. Four hundred and seven stars in the Service Flag. Daughters serving in various capacities in War Work, such as: Chairman Red Cross Chapters and Auxiliary. " Council of Defense. " Liberty Loan. '' War Savings Stamps. '' Food Administration. Precincts. Four-Minute Speakers, Entertainers for Camps, Squadron Mothers, Canteen and Motor Service and Surgical Dressing In- structors. LADIES OF THE MACCABEES Mtss Alice M. Church, President Fifteen letters each incorporating suggestions made in bulletins issued by the Women's Committee, or at their meetings, have been read in Hives throughout the State. Four hundred and one pieces of literature touching on Food Conservation, Americanization, War Risk' Insurance, Thrift and War Savings Stamps, Child Welfare, recipes, etc., were distributed and discussed in Hive meetings. 187 Twenty-one copies of "Sir. Hoover's message for World Relief Week were mailed lo the Hives with a request that it be read at the first meeting in December. Ninety letters pertaining to the United War Work Campaign were mailed to Hive members. One hundred and seventy-six dollars cash donated by the local organizations to the Red Cross. Two hundred dollars in bonds bought by the Hives, and the amount disclosed as subscribed individually $6,900. Two hundred and seventy-five dollars worth of Thrift Stamps purchased by the Hives. The Order at large purchased from funds in the Sur]ilus Fund •f 100,000 wortli of bonds and $1000 worth of War Savings Stamps. Two large boxes of clothing donated to the Belgian Relief from San Francisco Hives. One hundred and fourteen pair wool socks. Seventy pairs bandage socks. Seventy-four pairs bed socks. Twelve pair socks repaired. Fifty operating caps. Twenty hospital jackets. One hundred and fifty shirts. Three sweaters. One pair wristlets. One helmet. Six pneumonia jackets. One hundred handkercliiefs. Fifteen tray cloths. Sixty-five wash cloths. One hundred and forty-six towels. Twelve suits underwear. One hundred and twenty-one abdominal bandages. Twenty-four T. bandages. One hundred and twenty-three slings. Fourteen suits pajamas. Fifty pillow slips. Five baby quilts. Ten blue serge dresses. Belgian children. Five capes, Belgian children. Fifty refugee kimonas. NATIONAL LEAOTTE FOR WOMAN'S SEEYTCE Mrs. Duncan McDupfie, President The slogan of the League in California has come to be the En- rdlment, the Training, the Service of Women. This report is there- fore divided into these three sections: First, Enrollment — The enrolhnent for the State is approximate- ly 5500, nine Counties being organized. Up to this time prac- tically all enrollments have been for volunteer work. Last month. 1S8 however, a Department of Industry in San Francisco was opened and applicants for paid service are now pouring in. A paid secre- tary has been put in charge of this branch of the League's work and is developing the placement and follow-up departments of this branch as well as the enrollment. The Findex System of filing is used; enrollments are taken carefully, the amateur force taking them goes through a regular course of training, so that no qualifica- tions of the applicant are overlooked. This has been largely in- strumental in making it possible for us to answer definite calls for highly trained and highly specialized service. Second, Training — National Defenders Clubs were started, first to answer the call of the War Camp Community Service which had no other organization to which it could turn for the service to operate its first Club for enlisted men in California, second, to put into service Avomen who had enrolled for canteen work, and whose chances for Overseas service were very slight. On September 22nd, 1917, two weeks after the League had been asked to e(|uip and man- age a club, the National Defenders Club of the Monadnock Building was officially opened, with a staff of three hundred and fifty League members. This Club is open from 8 a. m. to 11 :30 p. m. each day and has steadily grown in popularity until a year after its opening the monthly attendance is 65,000. The War Camp Community Service pays rent, water, heat and light, the National League all other ex- penses, including up-keep and improvements. A large kitchen has just been added and an improved tobacco counter and check de- partment provided, alterations costing in the neighborhood of $3,000, and the equipment of the room is roughtly estimated at $15,000, all of which has been obtained by voluntary subscriptions secured by the League membership. Later, a chain of National Defenders' Clubs was in operation, with the same arrangements between the War Camp Community Service and the League reserving to itself the entire internal operation of the Clubs. The League, assisted by Mr. Allan Poilok. head of the Commissary Department of the Southern Pacific, had installt d a detailed system of records for the canteen department of the first National Defenders Club and a State Standarcli^^ation Committee of five had been appointed by the State Board to standardize all clubs which were operated by the League. This Committee drew up nine general rules and a set of recommendations, elastic enough to allow for the adaptal)ility of each club to the local needs and yet firm enough to preserve the type of club, exemplified in the Monadnock Building. As the camps demobilize, some of these clubs will no longer be necessary, but National Defenders Club No. 1 will always live while men in uniform visit San Francisco. The National Defenders Club of the Presidio has dancing each evening and has satisfied a real need in that community. Training detachments in specified subjects start at regular inter- vals and include the following: Stenography, Typing, Clerical Work, Office IManagement, Business English, Public Speaking, Banking and Finance, Motor Mechanics, Military Drill, Marketing. Braille, Oc- cupational Theraphy (including Color Design. Toy Making. Bas- 189 ketry and Weaving). As fast as the need for training along any par- ticular line presents itself, a survey of existing facilities is made, and if the field is not covered, the Education Department organizes the detachment. More and more are we being asked by other organ- izations to arrange for this class or that — a fact that proves the public is learning to think of the League as an organization pro- moting the training of women for higher service. Classes range from five to twenty-five pupils and cover a period of two weeks to four months, according to the subject taught. The Occupational Theraphy course will continue for four months. Third Service— Clerical Help — This has been given all Govern- ment organizations, Liberty Loan Committees, Council of Defense, Pood Administration, Children's; Year, War Savings Committee, United War Work Campaign, Draft Boards, Woman's Land Army, Red Cross, Allied War Exposition, War Camp Community Service and all foreign reliefs. Day Help — Untrained help to meet an emergency has been given the same organizations, and the Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., Chamber of Commerce, Commission on Training Camp Activities and the William Sandos Mission. Public Speakers have been furnished the Children's Year Com- mittee, the Drive for Nurses in the High Schools, the Food Ad- ministration, two members of our Board are "Four-Minute Men," Spanish and Italian interpreters have been furnished the Y. W. C. A., and assistance has many times been given the Secret Service work of the Intelligence Department of the United States Government. Sugar inspectors have been sent to the Food Administration. Canteens and Canning Centers — An Industrial Canteen has been opened by the League at the Bethlehem Ship Yard in Oakland and this service is two-fold, service to the men,v who get wholesome food at nominal prices, and service to the California Committee for Relief in Belgium and Northern France, to whom the proceeds of the sale of food goes. A canning kitchen was maintained during the summer in San Mateo, where fruit was preserved for use at the Base Hospital at Camp Fremont, National Defenders Clubs at Palo Alto and Menlo, and the Y. W. C. A. Hostess House at Camp Fremont. The Food Administrator granted special permits for the necessary sugar. Canning centers were also instituted by the League in Santa Clara County and the fruit brought to the National Defenders Clubs. Motor Service — The Motor Service has been well tested. Soon after the Corps of fifteen was initiated, the Spantsh Influenza Epi- demic gripped San Francisco and the members of the National League Motor Corps took over the entire service of the Associated Charities. This meant driving night and day, and not once during the three weeks was a call left unanswered — some days as many as nineteen cars were requisitioned, which was a real record for a new corps. Dr. Crockett of the National Y. W. C. A. urged that a Unit from our Motor Corps be sent Overseas under the direction of the Y. M. C. A. This unit is now in New York en route to France. The Motor Service for the year includes Service to the 190 W. C. C. S., the Red Cross, the Associated Charities, the Council of Defense, the Woman's Land Army, California Committee for Relief in Belgium and France, the City of San Francisco, twenty-five motors for the transportation of the Belgians who were en route from Vladivostok to France, the Food Administration and the War Savings Stamp Committee. As recognition of the work of the Active Motor Corps at the time of the epidemic, money for a Ford truck was donated by some twenty-five members, and this truck has since rendered daily service. At the time of the Spanish Influenza Pjpi- demic which swept our State in November each one of the Na- tional Defenders Club arose to the occasion in the following manner, in their various localities: The Club in the basement of the Monadnock Building at the request of the Board of Health and the War Department continued as a clubroom, the masked women standing by their posts. Palo Alto Club became the headquarters for the Red Cross Civilian Relief. The Presidio Club of San Francisco became a Relief Center for one of the districts of the city and made a survey of the dis- trict, and reached every case of illness, besides providing one hundred and fifty invalid baskets daily for cases. Berkeley became a convalescent club for the Aviation Service men at the University of California and during the entire siege sixty men were by special permit of the military authorities allowed the use of the room. Cots were provided and meals served, and as fast as men were allow^ed to return to their posts, other con- valescents took their places at the National Defenders Club. It is impossible to enumerate the entire service of our mem- bership for no perfect record can be kept. Forty-five thousand hours of service was one month's record in San Francisco, but even this was underestimated. In California we have awarded two thousand five hundred League pins for service, forty-eight hours being the minimum service allowed for the wearing of a pin. This, however, does not enable us to guage accurately the service rendered for the award of pins has in every instance been an incentive for further service. The growth of the League has been steady and conservative, the State Headquarters now occupies twelve rooms in the Flood Build- ing, San Francisco, maintained by a volunteer force. Here classes are conducted and department heads hold their offices. The peace program outlined by the National will be instituted and carried" for- ward without any break in the service. CALIFORNIA CHAPTER OF THE N. S. DAUGHTERS OF FOUNDERS AND PATRIOTS OF AMERICA Mrs. William Henry Irvine, Pr-esident The Chapter, in California, was organized October 6th, 1916. There is but one Chapter in a State. The National officers are in Washington, D. C, where the General Court meets each year in May. 191 When organizing, each Chapter pledges itself in case of war to assist the National Society in supplying a field hospital. The sum of $1200 has been sent to an American hospital at Neuilly, Paris, by the National Society. One hundred dollars of this amount was given by the California Chapter. All of the members have i)urchased Liberty Bonds of all issues to date. They have given to the Red Cross, Y." 11. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. drives. All are doing Red Cross work. A great many articles have been knitted and donated to the Red Cross besides giving to and sewing for the Belgians and Serbians. The Service Flag contains two red triangles and forty stars. Food Conservation requests have been observed as well as the purchasing of War Savings Stamps. The Chapter has co-operated with the Women's Committee at all times and responded to many requests. NATIONAL SOCIETY UNITED STATES DAUGHTERS OF 1812 Mrs. R. (t. Rhodes, President The United Daughters of 1812 did their war work with the Ebell and the Friday i\lorning Clubs, D. A. R. and the Women's Committee of the Council of Defense. The Society bought three Liberty Bonds. A number of Daughters M^ere precinct Chairmen and did all that they were asked to do. NATIVE DAUGHTERS OF THE GOLDEN WEST Mrs. a. L. Mosher, Gravel President Each Subordinate Parlor has appointed a Committee to worlc in conjunction with the other women's organizations and clubs in its locality. Said Committee to report to the Grand Parlor Commfttee in time for its report to the Grand Parlor. The Sub-Committees everywhere located in the State, have been active in all Liberty Loan, War Savings Stamp, and Red Cross Drives, and in raising funds for the suffering Armenians. During the first epidemic of the Spanish Influenza the Com- mittees worked in conjunction with the Red Cross in securing nurses for private homes, nursing in Emergency Hospitals, sewing and cooking, and in doing everything possible to relieve the suffering souls, afflicted with the dreaded epidemic. Their good work will be repeated during the present epidemic of Influenza. The Committees are at the present time very active in behalf of the Canteen Work in connection with the return of the demobil- ized soldiers, working in conjunction with Civic Committees. 192 LOS ANGELES BRANCH OF THE NEEDLEWORK GUILD OF AMERICA Mrs. E. Boyle Workman, President Garments distributed from April 19, 1917, to January 1, 1919. Sewing Dept. American Red Cross 15,805 Belgian Relief 1,842 British Ambulance 4,013 Enlisted Men's Club Exemption Board No. 10 French Red Cross 553 Individuals (Mailed Direct) 62 Italian Red Cross 3,521 Navy Auxiliary — American Red Cross Navy League Red Cross (Camp Kearney) 1,030 Serbian Relief 684 Waldensian Society 772 Surgical Dressing Department ... 52 Knitting Surgical Dept. Dept. Total. 578 360 16,743 1,842 115 4,128 90 90 171 171 553 1,194 1 1,257 271 109 3,901 752 752 226 226 1,030 684 772 52 28,334 3,282 585 Garments on Hand 1/1/19 32,201 , 2,730 Total Garments 34,931 Surgical Dressings delivered to American Red Cross October 1, 1917, to December 1, 1918 38,267 Total Garments and Surgical Dressings 73,198 NOTE — Sewing Department consists of Hospital Garments, Civilian Garments, Aviators' Jackets, Comfort Kits, etc. FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF W^AR RELIEF DEPARTMENT Receipts — Sacrifice Fund $12,616.64 Surgical Dressing Department 725.30 Wool 1,545.94 Rebate on Wool 124.12 Melting Pot Fund 283.50 Foreign Civilian Relief 57.00 Flower Fete 10,106.88 Fete Donations 413.75 Interest 90.72 Miscellaneous 296,68 Total Receipts $26,260.53 193 Dish ursem ents — Materials and Garments $14,216.18 Surgical Dressing Department 1,155.04 Wool 2,006.29 Cutting and Packing 266.14 Telephone ^ 112.07 Office Supplies, Printing and Postage. . . 194.92 Italian Civilian Relief 35.00 Serbian Civilian Relief 22.00 State Women's War Fund 20.00 Refund 75.25 Insurance 5.70 Flower Fete Expenses 370.65 Miscellaneous and Liberty Bonds 3,056.18 Total Disbursements $21,535.42 Balance on Hand, January 1, 1919.. $ 4,725.11 The amount of money on hand has been voted by the Emergency Board to carry on Civilian Relief Work through the foreign Needle Work Guild Branches and Affiliated Organizations in the Allied Avar-devastated countries. PACIFIC CONFERENCE OF HOME ECONOMICS Miss Gertrude D. Graham, President The Pacific Conference of Home Economies is largely made up of Teachers of Home Economics in Los Angeles County. There are about one hundred and fifty members at the present time. The following is a brief outline of the meetings and work since June, 1917: ^ 1917 Course of ten lectures on Food Conservation — September and October— Saturday A. M. October 12 — Liberty Loan address. 1918 February 12 — Miss Charlotte Ebbets, Chairman "Home Eco- nomics," Women's Committee, State Council of Defense, outlined plans for Conservation work to be done by Home Economics people of State. March 9 — Food Conservation address. May 4 — Patriotic Meeting — Lieutenant Kimmel of the French Auxiliary told of experiences as ambulance driver in France. Mr. Chamberlain of the Los Angeles Normal, talked on Distribu- tion and Geographical location of Food Materials. Miss Edith Bryan explained plans formulated by which Home Economics people through their knowledge of Dietetics might enter Red Cross Canteen and Hospital Service. Miss Frost and INIiss Flagg explained the plan for classes to be formed in June at the Normal to further train teachers for 194 practical Food Demonstration "Work. This proved a most successful course of lessons. September — Reception to members who were to leave for War Work. Miss Marie Lindsay, the Recording Secretary, is now in France, serving with the Red Cross Canteen. Miss Gertrude Graham, the President, is Hospital Dietitian at Camp Kearney. Miss Ina Pitner is with the Y. M. C. A. Canteen in France. Miss Beatrice Kelly and Miss Ruth Dicky are both serving as Emergency State Home Demonstrators under the State Relations Service of tlie Department of Agriculture. PATRIOTIC MOTHERS OF SONS IN SERVICE Mrs. Ralph Criswell, President Organized January 17, 1918. Its aims are to come in personal touch with Sons of the Service and their mothers and families. To extend this Order into every State that our boys may at all times have the personal Mother in- fluence. To foster the spirit of Mother Love and Patriotism, and as Mothers do our bit for God and Home and Humanity. To found a home where those who need it may receive motherly care. This organization has assisted in every way possible in war work, in food conservation, in selling Liberty Bonds, and have recently organized a War Savings Society whose sales of War Stamps to June 28th amounted to $44^0. Besides its other work this Society has a knitting squad to turn out knitted garments for the boys at the front, and a Committee to assist in Red Cross and Allied Relief Work. There is also a Committee to assist "Mothers" in straightening out their allotments. STATE LEAGUE OF NURSING EDUCATION Mrs. Laura L. Mitchell, E. N., President Meetings have not been held as so many members were in active war service as nurses. UNITED DAUGHTERS OF THE CONFEDERACY Mrs. C. C. Clay, President The California Division of the United Daughters of the Con- federacy is active in every branch of war work. Three beds in the American Hospital in Neuilly, France, costing six hundred dollars, have been endowed. Eighteen French, fourteen Belgian, and two Armenian orphans are supported. One million eight hundred dollars of Liberty Bonds have been bought and sold. 195 To the Red Cross, by Chapters, $16,205.43 has been contributed, and to other war relief work, $4,098.85 has been given. War Savings Stamps to the amount of $1,100.00 were purchased. Eight thousand five hundred and forty-two Hospital garments, 21,730 Surgical dressings, and 8,391 Knitted articles, have been made. Hundreds of books have been sent to the Army and Navy. Assistance has been given for soldiers' and sailors' entertain- ments in the Recreation Clubs. Hundreds of garments have been sent to the Belgian Relief. Assisted with Salvage Shops throughout the State, many of the members giving personal service. Sent fruit and delicacies to camps and served ice cream and fruits to troops on trains. Sent letters and clippings. All of the members have observed the Food Conservation laws. Many have worked out recipes for saving sugar and other things that had to be saved for the soldiers. One member sold a recipe for cookies that brought in $60.00 for the Red Cross. Many husbands, sons and brothers are at the front. WOMAN'S AUXILIARY OF THE FRATERNAL BROTHER- HOOD Mrs. H. V. Davis, President Food Conservation — Speakers and Committees have been ap- pointed for the various lodges and circular letters sent giving in- formation regarding conditions and requesting co-operation on the part of the members. Individuals also assisted very largely in cir- culating food pledges. Liberty Loan — The Supreme Lodge of the organization has made the following investments : Liberty Loan Bonds $155,000 Treasury Certificates 104,000 The Subordinate Lodges have also purchased for themselves bonds in the amount of 11,600 During the Third Liberty Loan Drive the Society acted as a unit and subscriptions were secured from members in the amount of 26,400 Fourth Liberty Loan Subscriptions 50,000 Total $347,000 War Savings Stamps — The Supreme Lodge $ 1 .000 Subordinate Lodges 505 Total $ 1,505 War Savings Societies are also being organized among the local lodges. United War Work Campaign — Subscriptions $1,000 196 Child Welfare — -The Juvenile Department recently formed is planning for the care of a number of European children and is raising a fund for the same. Bed Cross — The Society does not work as an Auxiliary, but the Supreme Lodge has donated $1,000, and Subordinate Lodges, $3,000. A Salvage Department is also maintained at the Home Office, 845 South Figueroa Street. Collections are turned over to the Red Cross Auxiliaries. A great deal of work was done in this line during the last Red Cross Drive. Figures are not available. Knitting — Knitting Clubs are also conducted by the women of the various Lodges who purchase the yarn through funds secured by entertainments. The garments so made are sent to the enlisted men of this Society. Exact figures cannot be given. Yuletide Boxes — The Supreme Lodge also sent large numbers of Thanksgiving and Yuletide boxes. Books — Over 3,000 books were collected for Soldiers and Sailors and transmitted through the Public Libraries. Soldiers' and Sailors' Insurance — Organizers working for this Society were required to interview the parents of each man likely to be called, informing them regarding the insurance provisions. Total number of Stars on Service Flag 853 Total number of deaths in Service 17 Patriotic Ritual work is conducted at the opening of each Lodge of the Society at each of its meetings. Public speakers on various war subjects are called frequently. Information regarding war sub- jects is transmitted through the monthly periodical of this organ- ization, and the most intensely patriotic spirit is manifested through all of its work. WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION OF NORTH- ERN CALIFORNIA Mrs. Sara J. Dorr, President Report to July, 1918 Beport of War Work — Navy Comfort Bags — Between 4000 and 5000. Soldier Comfort Bags — 500. Many-tailed Bandages— 1200. Entertainment provided for soldiers and sailors. Besides the above, much work has been done in connection with the Red Cross. Garments have been made for the French and Belgian children, and fruits and jelly given the inmates of the military hospitals. Food Conservation rules have been generally observed. Housing conditions in foreign quarters inspected, and a united effort made to Americanize the foreigners, teaching them English, and considerable relief work done. Liberty Bonds amounting to $1350 have been bought, also W. S. S. In Child Welfare Work, babies have been measured and ex- amined, clinics held, and numerous lectures given. 197 In lines of Patriotic Service, about $10,000 has been raised and appropriated. The Patriotic Service Committees in State, County, and Local Unions will be kept intact for work during the reconstruction period. A "Hospital Mother" will be placed at the Presidio and Camp Fremont Base Hospitals if satisfactory arrangements can be made. Attention is called to the opportunity aflPorded our Unions in social work by receptions and other social gatherings held in honor of the returning soldiers and sailors and their families. "We hope to devote much of our activity to securing the adoption of French Orphans. The goal of an orphan for every Local LTnion has been set. It is hoped that each Union will inquire into the conditions under which the women and girls of their communities are working and endeavor to see that they are properly safeguarded. It is also desirable that education should be continued along the life of "equal pay for equal work." Many organizations are planning largely along Americanization lines. But after all else is said and done, the admonition sent out by the National and emphasized by our own Superintendent that "Every white ribboner establish friendly relations with at least one foreign speaking family," if faithfully carried out, is the truest Americanization work possible. In addition to the great variety of books already in use, our State Headquarters has recently taken on a new line of booklets published by the Character Building Company. These will develop our work of Moral Education. At the coming session of the State Legislature our organization will be represented by the President and the Superintendent of Legislation. Special interest attaches to the ratification of the Na- tional Prohibition Amendment which will come up early in the session. Other measures M^hich will claim a share of attention will be the three bills supported by the Women's Legislative Council of which we are a part. These are "Community Property," "Indus- trial School for Women," and "Increase in the Appropriation for Elementary Schools." It has been voted to support a bill providing for a Psychopathic Hospital for San Francisco. We know that our Unions will co-operate in all these measures. WO]MEN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION OF SOUTH- ERN CALIFORNIA Mrs. Stella B. Irvine, President When the call came from President Wilson for women and women's organizations to help win the war, it found the Women's Christian Temperance Union splendidly equipped to enter war service. Our department of work among Soldiers and Sailors, in operation for more than thirty years, was readily adapted to the 198 war needs and with the help of State, County, and Local War Service Committees, the work was speedily inaugurated and most successfully carried on by the Women's Christian Temperance Union of Southern California, through its six thousand members. Six of the departments of work of the W. C. T. U. were especially called to co-operate in war service and the State Super- intendments were placed sub-committees of the War Service Com- mittee, the officers of the W. C. T. U. serving as the members of the main Committee. War Service Bulletins were issued regularly. These Bulletins set forth the co-operative plans of the Woman's Committee of the State Council of Defense and were published each month in the "White Ribboner," the State official organ of the W. C. T. U. Food Conservation — Special literature in the interest of food conservation and the signing of the food pledge was prepared, pub- lished and given a wide circulation. The food pledge was also cir- culated and thousands of families reached. Demonstrations of food production, canning and preserving, and the interchange of war- time recipes were features of work given prominence in meetings, conventions and institutes. Copies of Mr. Hoover's Message were sent to each local W. C. T. U. in December, 1918, at the request of the State Food Administration. Health and Child Welfare — We have accentuated our depart- ments of Health and Child Welfare. Our work has been greatly stimulated by the Women's Committee through its corresponding de- partments. Better Baby programs. Baby Days, Baby Clinics, and the study of pre-natal culture have iDeen special plans of work. Sug- gestions made for the observance of Children's Year have been quite extensively followed. Women in Industry — The W. C. T. U. has co-operated with other organizations in safeguarding the industrial standards of women. We have emphasized the standards adopted by the Women's Committee which were essentially those for which the W. C. T. U. has stood for years. A series of patriotic socials and receptions have been given for the shop girls by the Young People's Branch. Moral Education — The W. C. T. U. has been influential in se- curing the appointment of police women and social service workers. Investigations have been made of the moral conditions surrounding our camps and steps have been taken to safeguard the morals of young girls, especially in the localities near the camps. Mothers' meetings have been held, helpful literature has been circulated, reaching many homes. The W. C. T. U. is co-operating with the Morals Efficiency As- sociation in caring for young girls who are first offenders. The funds are in hand with which to open a "Home Center" for girls where rehabilitation work can be accomplished and plans are being made for the "Home." A specialist in moral education, was employed to tour the State, speaking before clubs, church societies, schools, institutes and con- ventions. A second tour will be made in 1919. 199 Americanization — Each white ribboner has been requested to visit one family of foreign speaking people. Reading, sewing, and cooking classes, out of door public gatherings, patriotic programs, some in foreign languages, special addresses to voters, educational work along the lines of citizenship, patriotic neighborhood gather- ings, work with foreign speaking children and the securing of data in a superficial survey made under the State Immigration and Housing Commission, were lines of work conducted by the W. C. T. U. Home and Foreign Belief — The plans for this department in- cluded a visitation of families of soldiers and reporting any needs to the Eed Cross or supplying the need. Garments were made for the destitute children in Belgium, France and Italy, which were given to the various relief associations. French Orphans were adopted, hospital fans were provided, a large quantity of hospital supplies were made. Much work has been done for the Red Cross. Some local unions have Red Cross Auxiliaries; others have met regularly to work for the Red Cross. White ribboners have been most active in soliciting members for the Red Cross and in the financial drives. All the Unions have co-operated in the Liberty Loan drives. A partial report of the number of bonds and stamps bought by members is given in the summary. The Committee in Los Angeles reported the W. C. T. U. had bought the largest amount of bonds of any national organization. Legislation — Numerous and repeated memorials have gone from the State, County and local organizations to the President of the United States and to Members of Congress, asking for war-time prohibition, as a conservation measure, and for the protection of our soldiers and sailors from liquor and vice both at home and abroad. Signatures were secured for the great Woman's Petition which was sent to the President asking for war-time prohibition. Soldiers' Welfare — At the beginning of the war, a Comfort Bag Shop was opened in the State Headquarters. Comfort bags or "Kits" were made by the local unions and sent there to be filled and sent out. Bach bag contained the usual commodities and an evangelistic letter from the State officers, a "mother" letter, a Testament, three I)ledge cards, seventeen leaflets, and helps in reading the Bible. In addition to the hundreds of home boys to whom bags have been given, our bags have been sent to the boys in the encampments in twelve other States. A Soldiers' Correspondence Bureau was established. One thousand three hundred and sixty-two personal letters were sent to the boys at the front. Three thousand dollars of the war fund was appropriated for two "Home Centers." One "Home Center" for enlisted men has been opened in San Diego. 200 Summxi>ry 2 Ambulances $ 4,575.95 2 Stereomotorgraphs 1,000.00 6 Field Kitchens 4,285.00 4 Hospital Fans 130.00 23 French Orphans 839.00 2 Home Centers 3,434.22 2 Victrolas, 2 easy chairs (Home Center) 267.55 Liberty Bonds purchased (partial report) 40,850.00 War Savings Stamps (partial report) 20,850.00 12,190 Comfort Bags (made, filled and distributed) 20,356.00 919 Sweaters (made and distributed) 3,011.00 2,384 Pairs of Socks 3,576.00 Other Knitted Garments 4,555.00 30,723 Articles of Hospital Supplies 7,290.00 75 Quilts and Comforts 105.00 5,000 Allied Children's Garments 5,039.03 137,006 Hours of Labor contributed to the Red Cross valued at 34,251.50 14,299 Hours of Labor contributed to other organizations 3,574.75 38,437 Miscellaneous Articles furnished to the Red Cross which are not priced Expended under Moral Education (co-operating with the Morals Efficiency Association and Military Welfare Com 1,200.72 ]\riscellaneous Cash Contributions to home and allied re- lief, war hospitals and Salvation Army 853.23 Grand Total $160,043.95 357,807 Pieces of literature distributed. 17.524 Testaments, 12,609 papers and magazines. 1,562 Special personal letters to soldiers. 27,450 Letters to soldiers and sailors in comfort bags. 50 Antomobile rides given to soldiers and sailors. 377 Letters, telegrams and petitions sent to U. S. Government officials relative to prohibition zones and war-time prohibition. Fife and drum corps maintained by one Union loaned for Lib- erty Loan parades, etc. WOMEN'S LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL OF CALIFORNIA Mrs. a. E. Carter, President This organization is for Legislative work only, but two of the measures which it is presenting to the California Legislature at this session are emphasized particularly as a result of war conditions : The Industrial Home for Delinquent Women, and the measure to increase the Elementary School Funds, the first of which is en- dorsed by the Military Welfare League and the State Board of Health ; the necessity for the second has been particularly emphasized during the period of the war. 201 THE WOMAN'S RELIEF CORPS Mrs. Carrie L. Hoyt, President The Woman's Relief Corps has assisted in all the drives and activities since the declaration of war, and will now aid in the re- construction work. Food Conservation— The Woman's Relief Corps aided in the campaign for the signing of the Food Pledge cards; conserved along all lines, and urged a strict adherence to the rules and regulations of the Food Administration. Liberty Bonds — In all the Liberty Loan drives individual mem- bers and many of the Corps purchased bonds. Members of the Order assisted in selling and promoting the sale of the bonds. Bed Cross — Corps of the Department have co-operated with the Red Cross since the beginning of its activities. Practically all Corps members belong to the Red Cross. Members of the Corps have aided in all the Red Cross drives, and have assisted in the sewing and knitting. War Savings Stamps — Members of the Corps have purchased War Savings Stamps to the amount of $41,490.00, besides most of the Corps invested in same. Corps co-operated with the citizens' committees in drives in localities where Corps were located. Americanization — The Woman's Relief Corps was a pioneer in the Americanization — embodying it in the patriotic work of the Order, by teaching American ideals and history to the foreign ele- ment in the communities in which Corps are located for more than eight years. But it was a difficult task to interest the people gen- erally before the present war. Our Order has gone into the night schools of the communities and taught patriotism, love of country, love of Flag. Presented Flags to the foreign schools; also patriotic primers, eleographs of the origin and history of the "Stars and Stripes," books of patriotic selections, during the year over two thousand Flag salute leaflets were distributed to night and other schools, all national anniversaries and Flag Day have been observed by the Corps, 621 patriotic meetings have been held, two hundred Flags have been presented to schools, Sunday schools and public institutions. Besides the National Americanization Committee of the Woman's Relief Corps, there is an Americanization Committee in each Department, and these Committees are working along the lines mapped out by the Government. Councils of Defense — The Corps are co-operating with the Coun- cil of Defense. Now that the war is over a bigger task than ever confronts the women of America, and all our people — that of assisting in the re-construction work. The following is a conservative consolidated report of the war work of the Woman's Relief Corps of California: Number of corps members belonging to the Red Cross— 6657. Number of articles made by the corps for the Red Cross — 124,076. Number of articles made by individual members of the Red Cross— 168,725. 202 Amount of money expended by corps for Red Cross — $5,504.00. Num))er of corps purchasing Liberty Bonds — 54. Estimated value of Bonds purchased — $7,000.00. Estimated value of Bonds purchased by individual members — $211,452.00. Estimated amount invested in War Savings Stamps — $41,490.00. WAR WORK OF THE YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN AS- SOCIATION Mrs. Lawrence Draper, President Organization — In Atigust, 1917, a branch of the National War Work Council of the Young Women's Christian Association was organized for work in the Pacific Coast field, consisting of Nevada, Arizona and California. This Committee was composed of women who had experience in Association leadership and of new members outstanding for their social vision. At each War Camp Center a local War Work Council was or- ganized to study the needs of women and girls and conduct work to meet those needs with a budget furnished from the National War funds. To each of these Centers a trained leader of girls who had the comnumity point of view in social work was assigned to survey and initiate suitable work. Hostess Hotises — Two cantonments in California at Menlo Park and Linda Vista were the first mobilization points of the draft and National Guard troops. At each of these it became necessary to provide a place for women relatives and visitors to meet their soldier men. The innumerable uses of the Hostess House would occupy too much space but its significance lies in the bringing to the soldier the ideals of home and to the visiting wife or mother the courage of home from which she sent him forth to fight. At the Naval Training Station in Balboa Park, San Diego, ex- ceptionally interesting Hostess House work was done. Here the Navy was located in the Exposition Grounds, which had for two years been a favorite park with the public and a resort of high school girls. The emergency hostess spent much time outside in the grounds and did definite protective work in forming standards for the contact of civilian visitors, especially younger girls and the sailors. At Centers where it was impossible to build on military reserva- tions the work characteristic of the Hostess House has been carried on in the adjoining town or city. This was true at Vallejo, where especially during the infiuenza epidemic the ministry to visiting women relatives was asked for by Mare Island Naval Station and was adequately performed. At Palo Alto, a most successful hos- pitality Center was sustained largely by volunteer service, includ- ii.g effective employment and room directory bureau. This same work was undertaken in a smaller degree for the Aviation Camps in the City Associations in Riverside and Sacramento. At San Fran- 203 eisco a central place was rented and a staff of hostesses established to serve as a metropolitan meeting place for soldiers and sailors from round the Bay, and their friends. The San Pedro Recreation Center maintains an information bureau for its adjacent forts and Naval Training Station. Practically every Y. W. C. A. in California gave help to women relatives of soldiers in the way of hospitality and travelers' aid. Foreign-speaking Hostesses — At both Camp Kearney and Camp Fremont a number of foreign-speaking troops were concentrated. Hostesses who could speak Spanish and Italian were assigned to these houses and did effective service in interpreting for the Base Hospital and the Red Cross Civilian Relief and making infinite varieties of adjustments for families and for soldiers who could not make themselves understood in English. Immigration Work — In Los Angeles, an International Institute, with an American Executive, and foreign women visitors, speaking eleven different languages had been in operation for three years. The War Work Council supplemented this piece of work by adding three foreign visitors to the staff and the Institute has rendered war service in such matters as persuading the Russian Molikans (con- scientious objectors) to register, by acting as interpreters for the income tax office and legal advisory boards, by serving in the for- eign sections during the influenza and by co-operation in Civilian Relief matters, as well as by the indirect but extremely necessary war service of education in American language and customs and unification of sentiment through foreign-speaking workers who are in the foreign districts every day for seven days a week. In Fresno, following the survey made by the State Immigra- tion Commission and after consultation with their workers, an Inter- national Institute was established in September, 1918, by the War Work Council with a Center in the middle of the so-called "Russian German Section," with workers speaking German, Japanese and Spanish. In San Francisco in the same month an International Institute was established with workers covering seventeen different languages. Both these Institutes helped in the same general ways noted for Los Angeles, and in San Francisco special service was rendered in the way of translating material for the Food Commission, and aiding the Red Cross nursing survey, particularly in its survey of foreign midwives. In January, 1919, another such Institute will be established in Oakland. Clnh and Recreation Work for Girls — To provide a constructive outlet for patriotism and safeguard the girls in their development, Club Centers were established at the following War Camp Com- munities: San Diego, San Pedro, Redwood City, Palo Alto, Vallejo and San Francisco, as well as extra workers added to the Associations at Riverside and Sacramento. Trained leaders of organized Girls' Work were placed in these towns and cities to attract the girls with a lively program of recreation and of definite patriotic service. 204 Hostess Clubs were organized to give group entertainments to sol- diers during their leisure hours and help in the program of the War Camp Community Service. Emergency Housing — At Vallejo an acute situation for women was produced by the influx of hundreds of shipyard workers with much delay by the Emergency Fleet Housing Corporation in pro- viding accommodations for them. At the same time, scores of new girls were enlisted as yeowomen and entered the civil service at Mare Island. The Girls' Center at Vallejo under the Y. W. C. A. War Work Council met the emergency with a room directory, kept up to date by hours of work in visiting and telephoning. Three emergency housing provisions were arranged for by renting two houses and a story of a large house. This took the most acute cases and prevented much profiteering. Tlie new War Center building at San Pedro has attractive single rooms, with a large sleeping deck, to accommodate the few extras who could never otherwise be provided for. In neither place was it the intention to look after a large number of girls, but merely to take the plus who constitute the emergency. Social Morality — The National War Work Council turned over to the Commission on Training Camp Activities its corps of lecturers on Social Standards in war-time, several of whom have been as- signed to California. Land Army — The Young Women's Christian Association co- operated with other agencies in supervising the recruiting and mobil- izing of the Woman's Land Army in this State. It carried on an experiment in recreation for seasonal women workers at Hemet, Riverside County. Work Among Colored Women — At the request of a large num- ber of colored girls in Los Angeles who organized a club and begged for a leader, a colored worker, trained at the National Headquarters of the Y. W. C. A., was assigned to them. Everything that was needed by other girls was provided for the colored women whose men were fighting so gallantly in France. In thirteen separate Centers the War Work Council of the Young Women's Christian Association held the second and tliird lines of defense in California during the last eighteen months of the war. It created constructive patriotism and firm character in the younger girls, brought comfort and steadiness to mothers and wives of men in the service and kept before the men the ideals of the American home. In all relations we tried to translate into terms of every-day service, the social standards of Christianity and thus to forward the coming of real Democracy. THE WOIMAN'S LAND ARMY This organization is represented in California by a Northern Division, covering the Counties North of the Tehachapi Mountains, and a Southern Division, covering the eight Southern Counties. The organization has signed up hundreds of women. These have been sent out in units of from ten to one hundred women of eighteen years, or older, who are in good physical condition, to work at pick- ing, sorting, cutting, wrapping, packing, drying and canning fruit; 205 truck gardening and light farming, dairying, ranch-cooking and handling of stock. A minimum wage scale of $2.00 a day has h'een established, with an eight-hour day as the standard, except in emergencies; overtime to be paid at the rate of one and one-quarter time over the regular rate, overtime not to exceed two hours per day. Local women are being enrolled in their own communities to form local units; these women to live at home, but to work in neigh- boring orchards and canneries, and so forth. Where units are sent into the country, each one is under the direction of a supervisor and living accommodations must be fur- nished and housing must conform to the requirements of the State Commission of Immigration and Housing. In twenty-one Northern Counties the local representative of the Woman's Land Army has been either the Chairman of "Women in Industry" or the County Chairman of the Women's Conmiittee. In the Southern Division some of the local representatives liave served in a like capacity. WOMEN'S WAR SERVICE ARMIES Mes. Frances T. Robson, Chairman (Developed under the Women's Committee, California State Council of Defense.) The Women's War Service Army, a development of precinct, block or school district organizations for house-to-house canvassing, has become an integral part of California's war contribution to the Women's Committee, Council of Defense. Its members have shown absolute devotion to the work, and have been veritable soldiers. It is the most democratic and representative grouping of women, as its basis of membership is residence in specific city blocks, or school districts (the latter, if in the country). Its meetings, necessarily arranged before each great undertaking, are, therefore, composed of women of all nationalities, and all strata of society, and we see the society woman and the factory woman fraternizing on a com- mon ground of interest. And each woman has "something definite" to do. The Counties which have done notable work through this medium so far, are Alameda, Kern, Kings, Los Angeles, Madera, Mendocino, Riverside, Sonoma, Stanislaus, San Benito, San Diego, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, Ventura and Yuba. Others, among them Imperial, have precinct organiza- tions, not designated as the above, but working along the same lines. The co-operation of the Army has been eagerly sought by local com- mittees, for every phase of war work, and the greatest difficulty has been to restrict its activities to purely "Governmental and semi- Governmental" agencies. Its strength lies in the fact that it has been held intact, directly under the vote and supervision of the local Women's Committee, and its commanding officer is a member of the Committee Board. 206 The work of the Army has been house-to-house canvassing. Out of that have developed certain responsibilities. Cases of need, un- covered, have been reported, especially during the recent epidemic, and the officers have been made responsible to a degree, for the wel- fare of whole sections of a city. As a means of distribution of printed information, and general canvassing for funds, the Army has been most effective. It has stood ready for every emergency. It has also been of material assistance in the Loan drives. When the ship- builders needed housing, the Army canvassed with excellent results, and filled the order. When the distracted doctors called for nurses, to care for influenza victims, the Army signed up hundreds of women, having made the appeal directly by word of mouth; at the same time collecting hundreds of blankets, pillows, sheets, and pieces of old linen, for use in the improvised hospitals. When the Red Cross wanted to know how many families of enlisted men were in the community, the Army furnished the information. Likewise, it regis- tered all foreigners, with information as to their nationality, loyalty, number of members in the family, etc. When the "Children's Year Program" was to be carried out, the Army assisted by spreading the word among the mothers. One Army took a children's census to discover the number of children out of school. For Food propaganda the Army has been indispensable. In some cities, the registration of citizens has been made through this medium, and pledges have been distributed and signed, for loyal co-operation in all forms of War Work. One County has combined its War Service Army and Women's Land Army into one and the same organization, with obviously satisfactory results. Books for the camps and ships have been collected. In fact every activity which requires general interest and combined force of the community, has been handled efficiently through this medium. Likewise every emergency call has been brought before the people in a short time. The great advantage of the plan is the speed with which a whole city may be covered. The most intensive drives need take only two or three days, the first day to cover the district, and one or two days for follow-up work. Country communities report that they can cover their territory in twenty-four hours, even when there are long distances to be reached. The usefulness of this in- stitution can also be realized through the perfect and instant tele- phone chain system, which is the natural outgrowth of the organ- ization. Sometimes it is only necessary to make a telephone canvass. This greatly facilitates work. Those who have used this system of organization feel that none other can take its place. It is a question whether or not the devo- tion and enthusiasm necessary to make it a success will hold over, now that the war is ended. But it has been a wonderful institution for the emergency needs of the time. The Berkeley Unit, Council of Defense, realized the loss of time and energy required in re- organizing an army of canvassers for each drive, and so decided to make it a permanent organization, guaranteed to cover the city for emergency in a day if necessary. 207 THE PLAN OF ORGANIZATION War Sendee Army — ^Commanded by a Colonel. Colonel — Appointed by Chairman, "Women's Committee, local unit. The Colonel automatically becomes a member of the local board of the Women's Committee, and carries ont only such requests as the Board votes shall be carried out. These requests are limited to Federal and National Drives — Food Administration, Red Cross, Children's Year, etc. Organization of Army — The Colonel studies her district (City, Town or County) section. Divides it into sections, each delegated to a Major. (Basis, city block and precinct, or county school dis- trict.) Each Major covers a certain number of predicts in the City. Under her are the Captains of Precincts. Each Captain has control of a precinct. Under the Captain are the Lieutenants, each Lieutenant has charge of a block. Each Lieutenant may have a Sergeant to assist her. (In some places, these sergeants are Girl Scouts, or members of the Patriotic League.) Advantages of Plan — 1. Equalization of work and education of canvassers, as well as of those canvassed. (Splendid opportunity for Americanization of foreigners. The foreign-born woman sometimes is a member of Army — and in any case she actually comes in contact with workers and even though she would not or could not read, for herself, she can usually talk with the canvasser. In foreign districts an inter- preter accomi)anies the Lieutenant, sometimes this interpreter is only a school child, but she, or he, can repeat the message.) 2. Work done with least possible loss of time and energy. Quick and efficient. 3. Helps to unify City or County, and to create the right war spirit. 4'. Spreads Patriotism. 5. Fine agency to democratize American women. Uses of War Service (Berkeley) 1. Collected books for soldiers and sailors. Eighteen thousand books and ten tons of magazines collected, sorted, packed, marked and shipped in one day. 2. Second Food Pledge Drive — 16,000 signatures. Accomplished in three days with thorough canvass. 3. Red Cross Membership Drive, brought in over 8000 new members. 4. Telephone Chain, through Army, Belgian Relief old clothes drive. Collected twice the apportionment for Berkeley. 5. Survey: "Americanization" (superfiicial but useful), over 5000 cards filled out with information about foreigners. The Amer- icanization Committee has filed them, and is making a residence map from that section. 6. Survey of Home Service for Red Cross, giving enlisted men's families, 208 7. Red Cross drive for funds, more than twice "over the top," much to the surprise of men members of Red Cross Committee, who found themselves with nothing to do for the canvassing. 8. Took message of "No Wheat Program" to every house in Berkelej^ in twenty-four hours. The Army in many places is used for everything: Liberty Loan, Thrift, etc. A badge or ribbon is generally used to identify the Army workers when on a canvass. 9. Held numerous meetings which reached women from all parts of the City. 10. Liberty Loan Drives. 11. Second Red Cross membership drive, (15,000 Members.) ].2. Influenza Epidemic — Canvassed the city in one day and re- ported three hundred volunteer nurses. Also collected much bed linen, pillows, etc., for University of California barracks. Also re- ported cases of want discovered during canvass. RESOLUTIONS Adopted by the Executive and Central Committees. Forwarded through proper channels, given publicity and sent to County Chairmen and Presidents of State Organizations. Smith-Lever Law July 28, 1917. "WHEREAS, The Smith-Lever Law was passed by Congress in order to aid in diffusing among the people of the United States, useful and practical information on subjects relating to agriculture and home economics and of giving instruction and practical demon- stration in agriculture and home economies to persons not attending or residing in agricultural colleges, and WHEREAS, An extraordinary emergency has arisen, making necessary an immediate and wide extension of such information and instruction to men, women and children. RESOLVED, The California Women's Committee of the Coun- cils of National and State Defense urges the employment in every County of the State of the following officials: fl) A farm advisor for farmers. (2) A farm demonstrator of home economics for women and girls. (3) A farm supervisor for boys and girls between the ages of ten and eighteen to teach and supervise home project work, such as the raising of stock and poultry and the growing of vegetables and grains on home farms; provided that where population is sparse, these officials may serve in more than one County. (Sent to Governor, Department of Agriculture of University of California, County Councils of Defense.) Employment Bureauf^ August 1, 1917. WHEREAS, One of the most difficult home problems arising from the conditions of war, is the collection and distribution of labor, and 209 WHP]REAS, The faith and confidence of employers, workers and the public at large can best be fostered through reliable Governmental agencies, such agencies being the Federal, State and City free em- ployment bureaus, THEREFORE, Be it resolved that the Women's Committee of the Councils of National and State Defense, and their co-workers, make a special educational campaign throughout the State in favor of said Bureaus, as well as urge Grovernmental authorities to do all in their power to equip and perfect the free employment bureaus for the highest efficient use in regulating and distributing labor, and to prevent reckless importation of labor to the detriment of in- habitants. (Presented to Los Angeles City Council.) Food Production — Farm Advisors, etc. Sept. 13, 1917. WHEREAS, The women of the country have been called upon by the Government to assist in the production and conservation of food, to the end that this great war for democracy may be won, and WHEREAS, The sum of one hundred and four thousand dol- lars has been set aside for California from the emergency appropria- tion made by Congress, to increase food production and conserva- tion, THEREFORE, Be it resolved, that the California Women's Committee of Councils of National and State Defense urges the following measures: 1. If any portion of the seventy-eight thousand dollars planned to be expended for farm advisors be not so expended, that the amount remaining be given to demonstration work for women or to the education of boys and girls between the ages of ten and eighteen years, in agricultural clubs, or to both. 2. The increase in salaries of high school women teachers in rural districts (of home economics) to the end that they may be of service throughout the year and may form and supervise clubs in home economics of high school and elementary girls in the same way that boys' clubs are formed and supervised by high school teachers of agriculture, at the present time. 3. When assistant farm advisors are employed, that women as well as men be chosen for these positions. (Presented to Dean Hunt.) Dehydrated. Ver/etaMes Dec. 12, 1917. WHEREAS, Two factors are of supreme importance in increas- ing the food supply of our people and allies, viz: increased pro- duction and conservation of all processes concerned in distribution, such as labor, transportation and containers, and WHEREAS, The dehydrating of fruit and vegetables offers an inmiense economy in all of these, at the same time furnishing an excellent food product, and 210 WHEREAS, The British, French and German Governments are using enormous quantities of this product for their army and navy witli satisfactory results, and WHEREAS, The use of this process would ensure a market for unlimited production, thus encouraging the farmer and individual grower to develop our large percentage of unused land. THEREFORE, We, the Central Committee of the Women's Committee of the National and State Councils of Defense, earnestly request Governor Stephens and the State Council of Defense, to I)lace this matter before the Committee of Food Resources and Supplies and ask a report from the Department of Agriculture of the University of California at an early date with a plan for an extension of this through the State and the Nation, and with a view to supplying the Army and Navy with this form of food product, and We further urge that this matter be called to the attention of the California and Federal Food Administration, and the National Food Purchasing Committee. (Sent to the State Food Administration, Mr. Hoover, Federal Food Administration, Mr. V. S. Thorne, Chief of tlie Division of Co-ordination of Purchases of the Food Administration, and Gov. Wm. D. Stephens, Mr. A. H. Naftzger, Vice-Chairman of the State Council of Defense. Also given to the Press.) Sdvifng of Cotton December 14, 1917. WHEREAS, Conservation in all directions is necessary if the United States is to be able to meet the demands made upon all re- sources, due to the conditions of war, WHEREAS, Cotton is one of the articles used in making ex- plosives and nearly a bale is used every time a large gun is fired, there is already, according to Government reports, a half million fewer bales this year than last, WHEREAS, There will be an unusual drain on the cotton pro- duce of the Nation, THEREFORE, The California Women's Committee of the Councils of National and State Defense, calls to the attention of the State Council of Defense the waste of cotton which goes on in house- holds and in Hotels and Restaurants, State Institutions and all public places, by the mis-use of towels, table cloths and napkins. It is a common thing for janitors and porters to use good towels as scrubbing rags, or for polishing metal ornaments, and for cooks and waiters to use napkins and table covers to wipe greasy stoves and ranges, or dirty floors. This practically destroys the article used, as when it is sent to the laundry, the chemicals used to remove the grease and dirt ruin the fabric. With the call that comes daily from the Red Cross for more and more surgical dressings and bandages, it is a patriotic duty for every housewife, for every hotel and restaurant-keeper, to use precautions against the waste of^Tinen and cotton, in order that there may not be a shortage of this im- portant commodity, and 211 We further ask the State Council of Defense to issue a bulletin covering the subject, which shall be given wide publicity and which shall be sent to the California Hotel Men's Association and to the Association of Restaurants and Cafe Proprietors. (Sent to the California Hotel Men's Association, and the As- sociation of Restaurant and Cafe Proprietors, also to the Press.) A mericanization January 9, 1918. WHEREAS, The United States Bureau of Education as the arm of the Government dealing with all matters pertaining to public education,, has, in the interest of a proper American Education of the unassimilated and non-English speaking population of the United States projected a program designed to explain and extend the facilities of the public schools of this country to meet these needs, and WHEREAS, It has brought into co-operation for the promotion of this educational policy, agencies, and industrial institutions which are in contact with the problem of the foreign population or have patriotic interest in its solution, therefore be it RESOLVED, That the Women's Committee of the Councils of National and State Defense endorses the efforts of the United States Bureau of Education in behalf of the American Education of the foreign population of the United States, and request the co-operation of the State Councils Section, and Committees of Public Safety, in developing this educational policy. Junior Bed Crosts January 25, 1918. WHPjREAS, The Junior Red Cross is endorsed by the President of the United States as an organization in which every boy and girl pupil can find a chance to serve his country, and WHEREAS, This branch of the Red Cross is already showing its efficiency in increased interest on the part of the Schools, in general, patriotic enthusiasm, in thrift, in food production and con- servation, and in service, therefore be it RESOLVED, That the California Women's Committee of the Council of State and National Defense approves the organization of the Junior Red Cross and recommends it as a valuable addition to the War Service. Labor Conditions for Women January 25, 1918. WHEREAS, The world war in which the American Nation ii? now engaged, has rendered it necessary for women to uphold a large and increasingly important burden of industry and produc- tion, and WHEREAS, The experience of European countries has demon- strated a tendency to break down the protective standards and regulations for the benefit of the working women and children, to their great detriment, and to the detriment of augmented pro- duction, and 212 WHEREAS, The new and unusual demands placed upon women in industry make it imperative to have responsible control over the special problems of women in industry centralized in a definite body, therefore be it RESOLVED, That the California Women's Conmiittee of the National and State Councils of Defense, in meeting assembled, re- spectfully urges that the Secretary of Labor, Hon. Wm. B. Wilson, and the Advisory Board, create a Division of Women in Industry to have definite control over the training and placing of women, the maintaining of standard working conditions, the adjustment of disputes and the provision of adequate living conditions, and be it further RESOLVED, That a copy of this resolution be sent to the Secretary of Ijabor, Hon. Wm. B. Wilson, Miss Agnes Nestor of the Committee on Women in Industry of the Advisory Committee of the Council of National Defense. (Sent as above set forth.) Becognition of Red Cross Nurses February 5, 1918. WHEREAS, The nurses of the Red Cross are the highest type of trained womanhood, and WHEREAS, In the Army and Navy of our country the nurses are given no recognition and only by courtesy are they of higher rank than scrub-women, and WHEREAS, The rank of Lieutenant is granted the Nurses of France and England, therefore We, the California Women's Committee, Councils of National and State Defense, recommend that the Nurses of the Army, Navy and Red Cross be given an Army Rank, such as the War Depart- ment may feel that they deserve, and we also recommend That a report of this be sent to State Council of Defense and National Women's Committee. Infant Mortality April 29, 1918. WHEREAS, The women of the Nation are called upon to co- operate with the Children's Bureau in an effort to reduce during the Children's Year the unnecessary toll of mortality among infants, and WHP^REAS, No law of man can be right which condemns chil- dren at birth to become outcasts; laws which deny children name, social status and inheritance right being responsible not only for many of this unfortunate class, but for a large proportion of infant viortality ; and WHEREAS, A growing sense of social justice, and especially the advance of women to the status of citizens, with rights and responsibilities toward society, have, little by little, demanded a change in this disproportion between men's and women's responsi- bilities ; be it RESOLVED, That we as members of the California Women's Committee of the National and State Councils of Defense, and as 2\3 X individuals, do our utmost to eo-operate with the Secretary of War in his splendid efforts to conserve the health of the men, and be it further RESOLVED, That we feel deeply our own responsibility for not having afforded girls who have made serious mistakes the pro- tection of greater knowledge, clean recreation and high ideals; that we do all possible to encourage and help them to be good mothers, enabling their little ones to become strong, capable men and women in this time of the world's great need, and be it further RESOLVED, That w^e, the members of the California Women's Committee of the Councils of National and State Defense, stand for the single standard of morals, and that we study to alleviate the conditions of illegitimate children and work for the enforcement of present laws and future legislation to make the fathers equally responsible with the mothers to the end that self control may re- place crimes against the most helpless of all human beings, and full justice be done to every child born in our country. (Sent to Dr. Piexotto, Miss Julia Lathrop, the State and National Chairmen of the Girls' War Service of the Women's Committee, Council of Defense. Education April 30, 1918. WHEREAS, We believe that the School of Education of the University of California, particularly in this period of great changes in education, is rendering very great service to the school system of our State, and to the schools of the West. We commend the President and the Board of Regents for their foresight in estab- lishing this school. Because of the new problems in education we believe that special effort should be made to see that the School of Education is equipped to exercise leadership therein ; therefore We petition the University authorities to carefully investigate the adequacy of their support of this School of Education. We l)etition for such increasing support as may be necessary to furnish the adequate supply of professors, not only for the students already enrolled, but to furnish instructors and investigators in new fields of education. Status of Women May 14, 1918. RESOLVED, 1st: That on all Government Boards and Com- missions controlling the work of women, or affecting their interests, one or more adequately equipped women shall be associated with the central direction and administration in positions of authority and responsibility. 2nd: That whenever great bodies of women are employed in war work, the conditions under which they work and live shall be under the immediate supervision and control of women officials with adequate authority. 3rd: That in order to secure the highest efficiency at the present time, we respectfully urge that women be appointed to the following positions : . . 214 a. Assistant Federal Food Administrator (attention is called to the fact that the British ]\Iinistry of Food has two women co- directors). b. Assistant Director of Honsing who shall deal with the housing of women workers. c. Assistant Secretary of the Department of Labor, who shall deal with all questions of the employment, work and livins: con- ditions of women in war industries and women on the land. d. ]\1 ember of the War Council of the American Red Cross and also Deputy Commissioner in the Red Cross work abroad. 4th : That as we believe that the time has now come when especially trained women of proved executive ability should be ap- pointed to all Government positions carrying authority, we request that the organizations of women represented in this petition, acting through the undersigned or other representatives duly appointed by their respective organizations, be permitted in co-operation wnth the Women's Committee of the National Council of Defense, to make recommendations for the above and other positions. FITITHER RESOLVED: I. That the women physicians of the United States who are able and eager to serve their country be utilized for military service as soon as they are needed. II. That a Nurses' Corps of the Medical Department of the United States Army be established, to be known as the Army Nurses' Corps, which shall have Military Rank. III. That the restrictions be removed which now prevent the use at the front of women physicians, nurses and other highly trained women, whose fathers, sons or brothers are serving in the armed forces of the United States or in the Red Cross abroad. IV. That legislation be initiated in the States making pro- vision for the establishment of Women's Health Aid and Assistant Health Aid Corps, and that the training of the same be intensive Nurses' Training courses in designated hospitals of six months' duration, or in the case of assistants, of three months' duration. V. That if a new department of the executive branch of the (rovernment be created, to be known as the Department of Public Health, a woman shall be appointed as one of the assistant secre- taries, in order to utilize to the fullest extent the valuable service that can be rendered by women in connection with the health of the community. (Sent to Washington Women's Committee. National Council of Defense.) War Actwity Am-onci Womsn June 12. 1918. WHEREAS, The Women's Committee of the Council of National Defense appointed by the Council of National Defense to co- ordinate the war work of the women of America in order that the woman power of the Nation might be made available in the prosecu- tion of the war, and that women might have a place and a part in this great National undertaking, and WHEREAS, The women of America were not only willing but eager to render war service, and have responded loyally and effi- 215 ciently by organized and individual effort to every request and ap- peal of the Federal Government, and through the various branches the Women's Committee of the Council of National Defense have provided an efficient working machinery for the carrying on of all kinds of war work among women in every State in the United States, and WITEREAS, The experience of the other nations at war, and our own experience so far has shown that efficient accomplishment is dependent upon close co-ordination and co-operation, and that duplication and friction and misunderstanding result from lack of unity in purpose and effort, therefore be it RESOLVED, that we, the heads of the various divisions of the Women's Committee of the Council of National Defense, and the Department Chairmen of such Divisions, in conference assembled, at Washington, D. C, May 13th. 14th and 15th, 1918, urgently re- quest the Council of National Dense to direct its various committees to conduct all work among women through the channel which was provided by the Council of National Defense at the beginning of the war for this purpose, namely, the Women's Committee and its branches, and to recommend similar action to all other Governmental agencies conducting war work among w^omen of the country, and be it further RESOLVED, That a copy of this resolution be sent to the President of the United States, to the heads of the Departments of the Government in Washington, to the members of the Council of National Defense, and to the heads of all authorized Governmental agencies organized for war AA^ork. (Spnt as above outlined.) Resolutions Passed at OaMaoid Conference — Mills College September 13, 1918. 1. BE IT RESOLVED, That the California Women's Com- mittee of the Councils of National and State Defense, pledges anew its allegiance to President Wilson and to the Government ; and be it further RESOLVED, that a copy of this Resolution be forwarded to President Wilson. 2. BE IT RESOLVED, That we endorse the Resolution sent to us from the Executive Committee of the Congress of the Women of the Allies contributing to war work, meeting in Paris, France, and reading as follows: "The word must be to hold until the end, to remain united be- hind the armies and to alleviate the burdens of the soldiers and comfort them. The courage of the French women shows us the way we must follow to hasten the hour of victory." 3. WHEREAS, The War Department, through the Surgeon- General, has requested women volunteers to enlist for training in Civilian and IMilitary Hospitals; and WHEREAS, The Women's Committee of the National Council of Defense has been asked to enroll twenty-five thousand young Avomen for this service; and 216 WHEREAS, No provision has been made for defraying the traveling expenses of these women, between their homes and the places to which they may be assigned, therefore be it RESOLVED, That a request be made through the Women's (.'ommittco to the War Department, that provision be made for pay- ing the traveling expenses and the expense of equipment, for these young women, as has been done in the case of soldiers, sailors, and others in military service. 4. BE IT RESOLVED, That we urge that there be representa- tion of the State Board of Education on the Advisory War Cabinet of the State Council of Defense, and also that the County Superin- tendent and City Superintendent of Schools be appointed as mem- bers of each County Division of the State Council of Defense, and be it ^ FURTHER RESOLVED. That a copy of this Resolution be sent to the Director of the State Council of Defense. 5. BE IT RESOLVED, That we urge upon the Board of Supervisors of each County the need of a County Welfare Commis- sion which plans to have the community share with the Supervisors the responsibility of distributing relief, and be it FURTHER RESOLVED, That a copy of this Resolution be sent to the Chairman of each Board of Supervisors in the State. 6. BE IT RESOLVED, That we urge upon the Board of Supervisor? of each County to co-operate in protecting the health of their communities by assisting in carrying out the Children's Year Program, establishing Children's Health Centers, and providing Public Health Nurses, especially in rural communities, and be it FURTHER RESOLVED, that a copy of this Resolution be sent to the Chairman of each Board of Supervisors in the State. 7. BE IT RESOLVED, That we urge upon each County Di- vision of the State Council of Defense the need of adequately financing the (Jounty Women's Committees, in consideration of the value of the War Work assigned to it by the State and Federal Governments; and be it FURTHER RESOLVED, That a copy of this Resolution be sent to the Chairman of each County Division of the State Council of Defense, and also to the Chairman of each Board of Supervisors, and to the Director of the State Council of Defense. 8. BE IT RESOLVED, That we urge upon the County and Unit Committees of the Women's Committee the advisability of forming Women's War Service Armies, by precincts or school dis- tricts, or both; and be it FURTHER RESOLVP]D, That a copy of this Resolution be sent to the Chairman of each County Women's Committee, 9. BE IT RESOLVED, That, we, the representatives of State, County and Unit Committees of the Women's Committee who are now organized for war work, urge the continuation of this form of organization for the work of reconstruction that peace will bring. 217 10. BE IT RESOLVED, That we extend to the newspapers tlironghout the State our appreciation of the assistance they have given the State, Countj^ and T^nit Women's Committees in their War Work; and that we extend to the press onr appreciation of the courtesy shown us by the full reports of this Conference in the columns of the different newspapers, especially about the Bay, and be it FURTHER RESOLVED, That a copy of this Resolution be sent to each County Chairman of the Women's Committee to dis- tribute to the newspapers in her County. 11. WB I:1REAS, The Women's Committee appreciates the cour- tesy of President Reinhardt and the Trustees of Mills College, in extending an invitation to the Women's Committee to hold a Con- ference on the Campus of the College; and WHEREAS, Some of the Students have shown their patriotic interest in the work of the Women's Committee by returning early to College and rendering many services of the Committee, and WHEREAS, The women of the Motor Corps of Oakland have been of great service, and this co-operation has contributed largely to the suc(!ess of the Conference, therefore be it RISOLVP^D, That we extend to all above-mentioned our heart- felt appreciation and thanks, and THAT the Women's Committee takes this opportunity to express its pleasure in the fact that it w^as on the Campus of a Woman's College that the first State Conference of women war-workers was held, thus empliasJzing the close relation between war work and the necessity of training and education for girls to fit them to meet the problems that Aviil follow the war. Child Hijgiene September 14, 1018 WHEREAS, The Women's Committee of the Council of National Defense, as part of the Children's Year program sent out from Washington, urged that Child Hygiene Bureaus be established in State Boards of Plealth as an ultimate and lasting product of the work of the ('hildren's Year Committee, and WHEREAS, Tlie work of this Committee is directed by the Federal Child Labor Bureau, and the Chairman in each State is named a Special Agent of the Bureau and is given the Postal Frank as a representative of a Department of the Federal Government; and WHEREAS, Five months' of active work have passed and your Board, with many other such Departments, has co-operated in the successes of the Children's Year Program, and a State-wide interest in Child Pfygiene problems has been created ; therefore be it RPJSOLVED. That we, the California Women's Committee of the Council of National and State Defense, request the California Slat(} Board of Health to present to the Women's Committee the plan in detail nnder which tlieir Child Hygiene Department is created, and also a definition of the scope of its work; and 218 That we further request the State Board of Health that any activity of the part of this new Bureau shall be clearly presented in writing and passed upon by the Children's Year Committee of the Women's (-ommittee of the Councils of Defense, before it is inaugurated in the State or in the Counties. Sent to State Board of Health. Telegram to Presidemt Wilston October 14, 1918. The California "Women's Committee of the National and State Councils of Defense believing a compromised peace equivalent to defeat, beg that your reply to the requests of the German and Austrian Governments for an Armistice, will demand absolute un- conditional surrender. (Signed) EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. By All Members. (Sent to President Wilson on October 8, 1918.) War Eish Insurance in Signal Corps November 12, 1918. It has been brought to the attention of the "Women's Committee of the State Council of Defense, that Senators Hoke Smith, John Sharp Williams and Reed Smoot, as Sub-Committee of the Senate Finance Committee, have refused to con^^ider allowing the women Avorking in the service of the Signal Corps to be eligible to the War Risk Insurance that is given to the soldiers; That the nature of the work done by the women of the Signal Corps is of an extremely hazardous kind and for that reason they cannot secure ordinary insurance ; As these women have been urged to enter into this kind of employment as a patriotic service, it seems only fair that they should be protected in case of accident or injury, just as are the men who are giving patriotic service to the country; be it therefore RESOLVED, That this Committee urges that action shall be taken which will render women of the Signal Corps service eligible to the War Risk Insurance, and be it FURTHER RESOLVED, That a copy of this resolution shall be sent to the above named Senators ; also to Representatives Rea- burn. Chairman of the House Interstate Commerce Sub-Committee, and also to the Honorable Newton D. Baker, Secretary of War. (Sent as above stated.) Name November 11, 1918. Since the Council of National Defense has organized a Field Division and has appointed thereto members from the State Councils Sections and from the Women's Committee of the National Council of Defense for the purpose of effecting a closer co-operation in National and State work between the various State Councils of De- fense, and the State Women's Committees, and since this Field Division will hereafter direct the department work formerly di- 219 rected by the Women's Committee and recommends that such de- partment work be carried on in the various States jointly by the State Council of Defense and the State Women's Committee; and since the California Women's Cominittee, from the time of, its organization has received co-operation and financial assistance from the California State Council of Defense, and lias been given representation on the Executive Committee of the State Council and on various County Divisions; therfore be it RESOLVED, That we, in order to express our appreciation and satisfaction in the recognition which has been accorded the Women's Committee in this State, and to comply with the request of the Field Division for the closest co-operation, hereafter shall be known as the Women's Committee of the State Council of Defense; and FURTHER BE IT RESOLVED, That the purpose of the Women's Committee be defined as follows: 1st: To carry out instructions and requests of the National (rovernment either through our own organization or through co- operation with other Federal Agencies. 2nd: To prosecute through various departments such work as shall be delegated to the Women's Committee by the Field Division. 3rd: To co-operate with the State Council of Defense and its various activities and at its request to carry on such work as may be delegated to us by the State Council of Defense. Telegram Semt to Secretary Franklin K. Lame November 11, 1918. The Women's Committee of the State Council of Defense wishes to assure Secretary Lane that so long as the present emergency exists, we will go on with all lines of work which can in any way aid in the important activities involved in the peace processes or the problems of reconstruction. The Committee appreciates fully the great need that the fine machinery of co-operation created for war activities must be con- served for the inspiring opportunities of the great new day and offers its continued co-operation to this end. NATIONAL RECONSTRUCTION SUGGESTIONS Adopted by the Executive Committee January 6, 1919, and the Central Committee January 28, 1919. To the California Senators and Representatives in Congress: The burdens of war have fallen heavily upon women. They haA'^e not hesitated nor faltered, but have contributed loyally and enthusiastically and patriotically with their intelligence, their strength and their time in winning the war. Now, that the armistice is signed and the horrors are past, the women of the world are keenly alive to the fact that they have never been consulted about the making of wars, nor the formulating of the peace terms which mark the end of war. In this post-war period when many serious 220 problems of reconstruction face the Nations of the world, we wish to inform you of some of the things which we, as your constituents in California, believe in : 1. A League of Nations, through the formation of which, we hope for justice and lasting peace for the world. The war just ended was waged for the end of all wars. This purpose can be accomplished only by the agreement of all Nations to certain general principles governing International relations. 2. An International Court of Justice. We believe this is neees- sary. Just as the Supreme Court of the United States is necessary, in order that the individual States m.ay have a neutral place for the presentation of Inter-State difficulties, so the individual Nations of the world need an International Court where questions in dispute may be presented and dis- cussed before war is resorted to. 3. Ftill recognition of the principles of self-determination and recognition of the rights of all people to full membership in any League of Nations. The cause of most wars has been the arbitrary division of small Nations; such, for instance, as the case of Alsace-Lorraine, which has been a pawn be- tween France and Germany. The same is true of the Balkan Nations, which, despite language and nationality, have been added to, or taken away from, different countries with- out the consent of the people. 4. Government ownership of Munition Plants, with the elimination of private profit from the manufacture of munitions of war. With a League of Nations, there will probably be gradual disarmament, but whenever it is necessary to provide muni- tions of M^ar, we believe it should be entirely under the control of the Government. 5. We believe that Government support should not be given to private investments in foreign lands. Disturbances in Mexico have been largely due to the conflicting interests of the capitalists of the various Nations who have striven for finan- cial ascendancy. People who have invested in Mexico did so knowing the turbulent nature of the country and it seems unfair that the whole Nation should be asked to be a part in their private risk. 6. We believe in universal physical training for boys and girls, which shall not be limited to military training for High School boys . The many cases where men were rejected for military service because of physical defects show that before any military training can be effective, it must be based on physical training. Healthy girls and women are as essential to the Nation's strength as are well-developed boys and men. 7. We believe in Federal prevention of Child Labor. Since the United States Supreme Court has declared the Child Labor Law unconstitutional, there is a measure before Congress to put a tax on goods manufactured for inter-state commerce by Child Labor. Whatever will free the children of this Nation from the burdens of work, give their jobs to adult 221 workers and restore to the children their birth-right of recreation and education, should be enacted by the Federal Government, 8. We believe in a National Department of Health, for Disease Prevention ; rural hygiene, water supply and sewage dis- posal; infant and child hygiene and industrial hygiene, and milk and food control. The present Public Health service is only a Bureau in the Treasury Department. There should be a Secretary of Health with a seat in the President's Cabinet. 9. We believe in a National Department of Education which would provide for immigrant education, education of illiter- ates, the improvement of public school education, especially in rural schools. Public Health Education and Recreation, and the preparation and supply of competent teachers; The present National Educational Service is in the Interior De- partment and is only a bureau. It should be a Department with a Secretary of Education who is part of the President's Cabinet. 10. We believe there should be a change in the citizenship laws as affecting women. At present the woman takes the citizen- ship of her husband. She should be regarded as an in- dividual. It was a great hardship and humiliation to women who were American citizens, who, during the period of the war, were registered as alien enemies because they had mar- ried foreigners of countries at that time at war with the United States. A woman who marries a foreigner and is left a widow must make application to have her citizenship restored. We further believe that the requirements of citizen- ship should be made uniform throughout all the States of the Nation, n. We believe that as prohibition has become a national measure,, some attention should be given to replacing the saloon with a substitute that will furnish a center of recreation and amusement for the leisure time of those who have no social life which takes the place of the sociability of the saloon. 12. We believe that Woman Suffrage should be granted by an amendment of the Federal Constitution thus giving to all the women of the Nation the rights and privileges of citizen- ship. We hope that you believe in these principles and we feel certain that you will give serious consideration to the subjects which will be brought to your attention as matters of readjustment and re- construction in these changing times. PROGRAM OF RECONSTRUCTION At the request of Governor Stephens, the Women's Committee prepared and had printed a Program of Reconstruction. This Program has been sent throughout the State and to various national organizations: also to the Women's Committees in other States. 222 The "Survey" of March ]st reviews this pamphlet and in con- elusion "recdniiuends this program to women's organizations as a basis for discussion." Requests have been received for copies from all parts of the United States and from Canada. The Women's C'ommittee. as an emergency organization built up during the war, has concluded its activities. Its constructive plans, or plans of like character, if the victory is to be complete, must be carried on. As loyal citizens of California we are unwilling that anything of good to our State should be lost by the change of war agencies to a peace basis. Can the work go on? With sixty per cent of the registered voters of the State women, we know it can if the women represented by the organizations which co-operated and formed the Women's Committee and the other women of the State interested in "Life, lil)erty and the pursuit of happiness," as a joyful reality, demand that the social welfare program of the Women's Committee initiated and carried on as war measures, shall continue as measures of reconstruction. The signing of the treaty of Peace will not mean that democracy is established, and all efforts for human betterment may be relaxed. The ideals of democracy have triumphed, the opportunity to make them a reality in our own beloved country is now our responsibility; in the measure that we respond to the problems of peace as we met those of war, can our patriotism be proven. Our joy in the cessation of war should quicken our devotion and sincerity to the causes W'hich make for real democracy in Cali- fornia for the betterment of all our people. It should keep us from ever falling back into the indifference and neglect of the time before the war. Reconstruction should mean better care for the children of the nation and of California. They will interpret America to the world in their future. Child welfare work, so well initiated and developed, must go on. Reconstruction means that every native-born citizen and every foreign-born resident shall have an opportunity to learn to read and write English and to know the spirit of America and of California. Reconstruction means that our boys who went over-seas to fight the battle of democracy must find California and America better for their sacrifices. Reconstruction means that health and recreation are as im- portant in peace as in war, and that the people must be capable, vigorous and happy in their daily lives. Reconstruction means that Capital and Labor must co-operate for the welfare of California and the Nation, in peace as they did during the war, and finally Reconstruction means that the way to maintain the ideals of Democracy and peace is still before us, and only as we dedicate ourselves with renewed energy to public service can we contribute to the progress of liberty in the world. GRACE C. SIMONS, Secretary. 223 LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS '0 001 388 116 9 •