Newark's Last Fifteen Years, 1904- 
 
 The Story in Outline. 
 
0>::^i mwmmmi^^m^m 
 
 
Newark's Last Fifteen Years, 1904-1919. 
 
 Interesting Facts, arranged Alphabetically 
 
 by Subjects 
 
 This compilation is an attempt by a busy library 
 staff to put into form convenient for use a large group of 
 such facts and figures as experience shows are often asked 
 for. The notes which follow tell how we happen to be 
 so interested in Newark's story, why so many questions on 
 that story come to us, and what kind of help we hope 
 Newarkers may get from it. 
 
 About seventeen years ago the Library began to collect informa- 
 tion about Newark. We began with a search for good topical poetry 
 and for historical stories so written as to appeal to young people. Of 
 these we found very little ; though poor verse and poor history were both 
 abundant. 
 
 Then we extended our search to the field of Newark as a going 
 concern. In this field we found so little in print that was fairly descrip- 
 tive of the actual Newark of the time, from water supply to sewers, 
 and from parks to jails, that we began to write it ourselves. 
 
 We were moved to do this largely because certain changes in school 
 work led many pupils and teachers to come to us for information. Our 
 brief, typed and multigraphed statements about subjects like the city 
 hospital, paving and street cleaning, proved to be very welcome. We 
 gathered a vast deal of Nev.'ark information and, in time, cast much of 
 it into convenient form for use in the Library and for lending. In these 
 days we held in the Library several annual exhibits illustrative of and 
 calling attention to events of both early and recent days in Newark's 
 history. 
 
 Mr. Frank J. Urquhart, one of the editors of the Newark Sunday 
 Call, had long been an advocate of the study of Newark by its citizens, 
 both old and young. At the request of the Library, he wrote a brief 
 history of Newark for the use of young people, which later the Board of 
 
THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 Education adopted as a text-book in the schools. Mr. Urquhart helped 
 the Library very materially in the collection of historical data and in 
 exhibits of Newark life and customs in the past. 
 
 Several years ago the schools took over this Newark work and, of 
 course, vastly expanded it, and made of it a Course, running through 
 all grades, on the City of Newark, and supplied for it a text-book and 
 more than forty pamphlets of Newark information. 
 
 Dr. A. B. Poland, then Superintendent of our Schools, approved 
 heartily of all this Newark study work, and at his request Assistant 
 Superintendent J. Wilmer Kennedy prepared the Course of Study and 
 the pamphlets just mentioned. 
 
 The demand for Newark information which came to the Library 
 was, of course, rather increased than diminished by this adoption of a 
 Newark Study Course by the schools. 
 
 Moreover, Newark has now a much larger number of persons who 
 are interested in its development and its character and its recent self- 
 improvement than it had fifteen years ago. Consequently, the requests 
 received from adults for facts and figures concerning recent events in our 
 city are much more numerous than they were formerly. 
 
 Looking back over the world's history with the perspective of many 
 years, you would not find it an easy matter to select any fifteen-year 
 period about which you might wish to write even the briefest review. 
 That is, events appear to lose their importance or to produce unexpected 
 results with the passing years, and only a comparatively few happenings 
 remain conspicuous for all time and for all peoples. 
 
 There is, however, a peculiar fascination about history in the 
 making, and especially local history within one's own memory. Perhaps 
 it may be compared to the study of a dead language as an intellectual 
 pursuit and the study of a live language for the pleasure or profit of 
 human intercourse. Both are desirable — the one, as a background, the 
 other, as a foreground of education. 
 
 Newark's history from the days of Robert Treat was so thoroughly 
 reviewed at the time of the 250th Anniversary Celebration, 1916, that 
 we have elected to treat as background everything prior to 1 904 and to 
 concern ourselves with the story of Newark from that year to the present. 
 This means that the high school graduate of June, 1919, should find 
 between the covers of this pamphlet a record of the city from the time 
 he or she entered the kindergarten. With these dates in mind it was 
 really astonishing to find how many changes and what material advances 
 
NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS 
 
 had been made within the fifteen years. As you thought of the build- 
 ing of the City Hall and Court House; the changed appearance of the 
 "Four Corners"; the opening of the Hudson and Manhattan Tubes; 
 the new Public Service Terminal; the adaptation of automatic appli- 
 ances in fire fighting; the impetus given movements like "Safety First", 
 vacant lot cultivation and thrift with its school banks; the bigger civic 
 undertakings like City Plan, Passaic Valley Sewer; Port Newark and 
 the unexpected trend of its development due to the war; the war itself, 
 representing the effect of a world event on a city's activities; the 250th 
 Armiversary, a local celebration, but illustrative of Newark's relations 
 with the outside world; and, finally, of the change of city administra- 
 tion to Commission Government — you wonder whether history at close 
 range invariably presents so much of interest, or whether 1904-1919 
 happens to be a particularly progressive period, or whether Newark, 
 suddenly conscious of its backwardness in many lines, is now making 
 up for lost time. 
 
 So many facts presented themselves that the pamphlet soon outgrew 
 our original conception of it, becoming much larger than was originally 
 intended. It is still, however, a succession of facts and in no sense a 
 consecutive history. Because it grew from fact to fact, suggested by 
 one assistant and perhaps set down by another; and because from the 
 first day the idea was suggested to the day when work stopped, a lapse 
 of three months, we were daily expecting that copy must go to the 
 printer on the morrow, the entries are not as complete, or the whole as 
 well balanced as we should wish. One consideration which delayed 
 our work, but which should contribute to any value it may have, was 
 the fixed desire to avoid loose, indefinite statement and to resist the incli- 
 nation to make irrelevant comment when real information is wanting or 
 difficult to acquire. This determination grew as our own searches and 
 questionings showed how common is this looseness of statement. For 
 the facts and information which it was impossible or very difficult to get 
 from records on file, we wish to make grateful acknowledgment to city 
 departments, newspapers, societies and individuals who responded 
 promptly and graciously to our calls for assistance. 
 
 August, 1919. C. V. D. 
 
Newark: 1904-1919. 
 
 All-Year School: Established at Belmont Ave, and McKinley schools, 
 June I, 1912. Each year's work divided into four 12 week terms 
 instead of two 20 week terms. Enables pupil to complete 8 grades' 
 work in 6 years instead of 8, as he ordinarily would. Attendance during 
 summer term is not compulsory. 
 
 Almshouse: New home for aged and infirm poor at Ivy Hill, beyond 
 Irvington, erected 1913-14 and opened Jan. 1916. Accommodates 
 400 to 500 people. Has farm of 70 acres so those who are able can 
 work and help to support themselves. Surveyed by Russell Sage 
 Foundation, Dept. of Surveys and Exhibits, 1918-19. 
 
 Alternating Plan: Introduced in Cleveland and Madison Schools, 
 1913. Nov. 1915, Cleveland and Abington Ave. schools organized 
 on complete plan with daily vocational and recreational activities. 
 
 Essential feature consists in so co-ordinating work of two teachers 
 that each may make alternate use of classroom, court and auditorium. 
 Makes for economy in erection of buildings, since under the alternate 
 plan, it is possible to accommodate in any fully equipped building from 
 40% to 50% more pupils than under the regular system. Broader 
 curriculum with longer school day. Modification of the "Wirt" system 
 practiced in the schools of Gary, Indiana. 
 
 Apartment Houses: City directory for 1906 lists apartment houses, 
 4 1 , separately for the first time ; now over 300. 
 
 Athletic Association, Public School: Formed April 26, 1904. 
 
 Athletic Field, Public School: Bloomfield and Roseville Aves. Annual 
 meet held here for first time June, 1913. 
 
 Automobiles: N. J. Dept. of Motor Vehicles was established 1906 for 
 the registration and supervision of automobiles. Prior to that time this 
 work had been done in the secretary of state's office and originally 
 applications for car registrations were signed by the county clerk. In 
 1 900, as far as the first records show, there were not more than 1 or 12 
 motor-drawn vehicles in the entire state. In 1918, the number registered 
 was 155,519 exclusive of motorcycles. 
 
 Band Concerts: First given, 1903, 25 in a year; appropriation, 
 $3,000. 1918 appropriation, $5,000; 60 concerts; attended by 
 350,000 persons. 
 
NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS 5 
 
 Bank Buildings: See Buildings. 
 
 Baths, Public: Public Bath Assoc, formed, 1907. By courtesy of 
 Bd. of Street and Water Commissioners undertook supervision of 3 old 
 bath houses on Summer Ave., Morris Ave., and Walnut St. 
 
 Bill passed N. J. Legislature, 1910, permitting Newark to issue 
 bonds for public baths, up to $250,000, 
 
 Site of Montgomery St. bath purchased and work begun, 191 1. 
 Opened, Sept. 1913. Cost, $ 1 00,000. 
 
 Placed under the control of Playground Commission, 1913. 
 
 Hamburg PI. (now Wilson Ave.) bath opened, July, 1917. 
 
 Baths closed by order of Mayor on account of lack of coal, Dec. 
 10, 1917. Re-opened by vote of Commission, Jan. 25, 1918. 
 
 Birth Rate: 
 
 
 
 
 Population 
 
 Rate per 1 housand 
 
 1904 
 
 272,000 
 
 25.8 
 
 1905 
 
 283,000 
 
 25.1 
 
 1906 
 
 290,000 
 
 26.3 
 
 1907 
 
 300,000 
 
 27.9 
 
 1908 
 
 305,000 
 
 29.2 
 
 1909 
 
 311,000 
 
 30.8 
 
 1910 
 
 347,469 
 
 29.6 
 
 1911 
 
 352,000 
 
 30.9 
 
 1912 
 
 370,000 
 
 29.3 
 
 1913 
 
 380,000 
 
 29.4 
 
 1914 
 
 395,000 
 
 29.0 
 
 1915 - 
 
 375,000 
 
 29.2 
 
 1916 
 
 385,000 
 
 29.7 
 
 1917 
 
 405,000 
 
 30.4 
 
 1918 
 
 430,000 
 
 27.0 
 
 Blind, Work for: N. J. Commission for the Blind created by act of 
 Legislature, 1 909, to supervise and encourage work for the blind. State 
 headquarters, originally established at 54 James St., Newark, now 
 located at 147 Summer Ave. 
 
 Here the Commission conducts classes in reading, writing, stenog- 
 raphy, typewriting, basketry, cane-seating, weaving, piano tuning, and 
 other manual arts. It also sends out teachers to instruct the adult blind 
 in their homes. First public school class for blind in Newark 
 inaugurated, Sept., 1910, in Washington St. School. 
 
6 THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 Under act of 1918, creating State Dept. of Charities and Correc- 
 tions (now Dept. of Institutions and Agencies), this Commission is 
 given entire charge of all state matters relating to the blind. 
 
 Boys Vocational School: Opened April, 1 9 1 0, in Warren St. School, 
 at Warren and Wickliffe Sts. 
 
 Building of new school, to be located on Sussex Ave., bet. 1st and 
 2nd Sts., cuid known as the Seymour Vocational School, in honor of 
 James M. Seymour, Mayor of Newark, 1896-1903, has been post- 
 poned by war. Building plans and curriculum will follow recommenda- 
 tions made by an Advisory Committee to Bd. of Education (appointed 
 Aug., 1916) in its survey. Vocational Overview of Newark, New 
 Jersey, which was prepared by Charles H. Winslow. 
 
 Buildings: (This list is here entered to show how many municipal, 
 educational and notable commercial buildings have been erected within 
 the last few years.) 
 
 American Insurance Co., Park Place and E. Park St. Present 
 building completed Feb., 1904. 
 
 Merchants' National Bank, 770 Broad St., moved to new build- 
 ing Feb. 22, 1905. 
 
 New City Hall, Broad St., between Green and Franklin Sts., 
 cornerstone laid Aug. 5, 1903, formally opened Dec. 20, 1906. Cost 
 $2,500,000. 
 
 New Court House, junction of Springfield Ave. and Market St., 
 completed 1907. Cost $2,000,000. 
 
 Mutual Benefit Life Ins. Co.'s new building. Broad and Clinton 
 Sts., completed 1 908. 
 
 Firemen's Office Building, 16-story, at "Four Corners", com- 
 pleted 1910. 
 
 Ironbound Trust Co., Market and Ferry Sts. Present building 
 opened July 25, 1910. 
 
 N. Y. Telephone Co., 281 Washington St. New building com- 
 pleted Nov. I, 1910. 
 
 East Side High School, Van Buren St., bet. Warwick and 
 Nichols Sts., opened March 1, 1911. 
 
 Broad St. Theatre, Broad St., opp. Central Ave. Opened under 
 name of Shubert Theater, Jan. 8, 1912. 
 
 Lehigh Valley Railroad Station, Meeker Ave., Weequahic Park 
 section, opened Jan. 27, 1912. Cost $60,000. 
 
NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS 7 
 
 Central High School, High St., bet. New and Summit Sts., opened 
 Feb. I, 1912. 
 
 Essex Co. National Bank Building, 753 Broad St. Now occupied 
 by Fidelity Trust Co. Completed June, 1912. 
 
 National State Bank, Broad and Mechanic Sts. Present build- 
 ing completed Oct. 1 , 1912. 
 
 L. Bamberger & Co.'s Department Store, Market, Halsey and 
 Washington Sts., opened Oct. 15, 1912. 
 
 Kinney Office Building, 12-story, at "Four Corners", completed 
 1913. 
 
 New Board of Health Building, William and Plane Sts., com- 
 pleted 1913. 
 
 Young Women's Christian Association, 53 Washington St., com- 
 pleted 1913, and dedicated Nov. 3, 1913. 
 
 Washington Trust Co., 477 Broad St., completed Sept. 1913. 
 
 South Side High School, Johnson Ave., cor. Alpine St., opened 
 Sept. 8, 1913. 
 
 N. J. State Normal School, Belleville and 4th Aves., opened 
 Sept. 16, 1913. 
 
 West Side Trust Co., Springfield Ave. and High St. Present 
 building opened July 1, 1914. 
 
 Public Service Terminal, Park Place, completed, 1916. Cost, 
 $5,000,000. 
 
 Robert Treat Hotel, Park Place, named for founder of Newark. 
 Completed during the 250th Anniversary Celebration, May, 1916. 
 
 Federal Trust Co., 740 Broad St., adjoining Mutual Benefit Life 
 Ins. Co.'s building and erected by Mutual Benefit Life Ins. Co. Com- 
 pleted 1918. 
 
 Central Railroad of N. J. Station, South Broad St. Work begun 
 on new building, Nov., 1916; completed Feb., 1919. Total cost,' 
 including property acquired, $650,000. 
 
 Carteret Book Club: Established for printing fine editions and study 
 of art of book making, Dec. 12, 1908. Published, 1917, a volume 
 "Newark", containing "a series of engravings on wood by Rudolph 
 Ruzicka, with an appreciation of the pictorial aspects of the town by 
 Walter Prichard Eaton". Limited edition of 200 copies printed by 
 Merrymount Press, Boston. 
 
 Catholic Children's Aid Association of N. J.: Organized 1904 and 
 headquarters established in Newark with paid agent. Proceeded to 
 
8 THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 withdraw children from Catholic institutions and to place them in private 
 Catholic homes. Instituted work to prevent separation of families and 
 placing of children in institutions, by prosecuting parents and perpetuating 
 homes. Headquarters now located at 776 Broad St. 
 
 Charities: Bur. of Associated Charities, organized 1882, reorganized 
 1904. Private organization, supported by voluntary contributions, but 
 with work so far-reaching and constructive that it has become a center 
 for co-operative effort among all charitable agencies in the city. Has a 
 visiting Housekeeper Department, Provident Savings Fund, General 
 Information Bureau and trained social workers to study causes and condi- 
 tions. In 1903-04 there were 239 contributors and contributions 
 amounting to $3,000. In 1918-19 there were 3,000 contributors and 
 contributions of $48,000. 
 
 In 1906, at suggestion of Bureau, Bd. of Trade appointed a 
 committee to examine claims of charities soliciting contributions, and to 
 try to name those worthy of support. This is now known as the Bd. 
 of Trade Endorsement Committee. In 1917 there were 63 endorsed 
 charities. 
 
 In 1912 and again in 1916, the secretary of the Associated Chari- 
 ties published a classified directory of the philanthropies of Newark, a 
 genuine contribution to the study of social problems. 
 
 For facts about distinct lines of work or particular undertakings 
 consult this directory or the Associated Charities Bur. 
 
 Charter, Cit}^: A city charter is the constitution or frame of government 
 of a city conferred on that city by the state legislature. 
 
 First charter incorporating township of Newark, granted by Queen 
 Anne to Robert Treat, 1713. Legislature incorporated torvnship of 
 Newark, 1 798. Legislature incorporated it under name of Mayor and 
 Common Council of City of Newark, 1836. The 1857 revision, 
 authorized by act of Legislature, embodied all changes made since 1836. 
 
 Mayor Haussling appointed a committee which formulated and 
 published draft of new city charter, 1911. 
 
 Mayor Raymond appointed "Charter Revision Commission", 
 which presented its proposed charter to Legislature, 1917. It provided 
 for a mayor, and Commission of five, elected at large. Mayor to have 
 veto power and to appoint heads of departments. This was defeated in 
 Assembly, March, 1917. 
 
 See also Commission Government. 
 
NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS 9 
 
 Child Hygiene Division, Board of Health: Established Aug., 1913, 
 to supervise care of new-born babies, to study causes of infant mortality 
 and to teach art and science of mothercraft. Chief, 4 clinic physicians 
 and I 4 nurses now in attendance. Has continued work of consultation 
 stations, formerly directed by general board, at which advice is given 
 expectant mothers and mothers of children up to school age. Supervises 
 boarding-homes of infants up to 3 years of age, which by ordinance of 
 July 6, 1915, must be licensed by Health Bd. Also supervises un- 
 married mothers and is planning convalescent home for them at Ivy Hill. 
 A supervisor of midwives was appointed Nov., 1914, to investigate 
 and report on practice of midwifery and has continued to direct work 
 of midwives, who attend 50^ of the births of the city. 
 
 Christmas Tfees, Municipal: The first tree, a Norway spruce, 48 ft. 
 high, with spread of 30 ft., was set up in Military Park, Christmas, 
 1913. Illuminated at night with 800 electric lights, and 50 in star 
 shape at top. Week of festival followed. Similar festivities held 
 around trees set up in the park next 2 years. 
 
 In 1916a great Norway spruce was set up in south lawn fronting 
 City Hall. Inside the building, a smaller tree was placed in rotunda for 
 week of festival. These City Hall Christmas Festivals brought together 
 old and young, rich and poor, for singing and games and Christmas 
 good cheer of all kinds. For the past 2 years there has been no 
 municipal Christmas Tree, but Christmas festivities have been held in 
 the City Hall. 
 
 Churches: Items of church history, — buildings erected, parish houses 
 annexed, missions established, etc., — are too numerous to be recorded in 
 a brief, general outline. Detailed sketches of individual churches have 
 been written by Rev. Joseph F. Folsom and appended to Urquhart's 
 History of Newark, Vol. II., pp. 949-1020. 
 
 City Home: See Delinquent Children. 
 
 City Plan Commission: "City planning means development of our city 
 according to carefully prepared plans; stopping all further random 
 development, all haphazard extensions, and all improvements for certain 
 favored sections or limited localities. It means considering every sug- 
 gested change or improvement as to its effect on the entire city and all 
 suburbs and nearby towns. 
 
 "City planning is for all, and especially for the man of modest 
 income. It means better housing and attractive and healthful surround- 
 
10 THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 ings for the humblest homes. It means securing for the cheapest tene- 
 ment the sunny, airy, sanitary conditions which health, science and 
 common sense demand. 
 
 "It means a City Efficient, a City Clean and a City Enjoyable." 
 An act providing for city plan commissions passed N, J. Legisla- 
 ture and became a law March 30, 1911. On June 1, Mayor 
 Haussling appointed the Newark City Plan Commission. For its in- 
 vestigations and work, $10,000 was annually appropriated until the 
 adoption of Commission Government. Under this form of government 
 there were no further appropriations for special boards and the City 
 Plan Commission went out of existence, Dec. 31, 1917. 
 
 Some of the subjects studied and reported on by the Commission 
 aside from street arrangement, were Centre Market, Housing Problems, 
 Municipal Recreation, Interurban Improvement and Harbor Develop- 
 ment. The Commission issued "City Planning for Newark" and "A 
 Comprehensive Plan". Both are valuable documents and rich in Newark 
 facts. 
 
 Civil Service Reform: The system by which public offices are filled 
 and promotions made through competitive examinations held under 
 federal, state or city government. It is known as the "merit system", 
 since it looks toward the appointment of men to office because of their 
 competency. It is a reaction from the "spoils system" or the practice of 
 giving public offices to political favorites. The state measure was 
 adopted, 1910, by Newark, by popular vote. 
 
 Coal Shortage: 27,000 emergency coal cards, entitling each person 
 to 1 ,000 pounds of coal, were issued by Bd. of Health during coal 
 shortage in the winter of 191 7-18. U. S. government instituted Work- 
 less Mondays to conserve coal, and boards of education closed school 
 buildings for lack of fuel. 
 
 College of Technology): See Technical School. 
 
 Comfort Stations: First public comfort station, in Military Park, ready 
 for use July, 1910. Cost $14,734. Maintained by Shade Tree 
 Commission, now a division of Dept. of Parks and Public Property. 
 
 Commission Government: Adopted Oct. 9, 1917, at a special refer- 
 endum election. Vote 19,069 for, and 6,053 against. 
 
 Present commissioners elected Nov. 13, 191 7, to serve until May, 
 1921, are: 
 
NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS 1 1 
 
 Mayor Charles P. Gillen. Dept. of Public Affairs. 
 Alexander Archibald. Dept. of Revenue and Finance. 
 William J. Brennan. Dept. of Public Safety. 
 Thomas L. Raymond. Dept. of Streets and Public Improvements. 
 John F. Monahan. Dept. of Parks and Public Property. 
 
 Change of government authorized under Walsh Act, passed by the 
 N. J. Legislature April 25, 1911. 5 commissioners, elected by the 
 people and responsible to them, replace a mayor, 32 common council 
 members, numerous departments and boards. The commission names 
 one of its members to be mayor. He becomes chief Commissioner, but 
 has no veto power. 
 
 Contemporarv, The: Organized April 23, 1909, by representatives of 
 Sesame, Philomathean, Irving, Saturday and Municipal Art Clubs. To 
 meet need for single large organization of Newark women, working 
 toward a better knowledge of civic conditions and for the development 
 of good fellowship among women. 
 
 204 active and 1 98 associate members enrolled at first regular meet- 
 ing, Oct. 1 9, 1 909. Admitted to State Federation of Women's Clubs, 
 Oct. 24, 1909. Legally incorporated, April 19, 1915. Total mem- 
 bership, Sept., 1918, was 1,461. 
 
 Among its activities have been the institution of a social hygiene move- 
 ment; the organization of the Housewives' League; advocacy of the 
 founding of a State College for Women; opening a boarding home for 
 girls; cind work for prison reform, mothers' pensions, child welfare 
 and delinquency, emergency relief and food conservation. 
 
 Co-operative School: First established April 3, 1916, in Fawcett 
 School of Industrial Arts. Wrappers from several department stores 
 given lessons in salesmcmship during working hours without loss of wages. 
 
 Course of Stud}): Uniform course for high schools adopted May 27, 
 1915. Educational and cultural value of manual arts recognized by 
 requiring them in all curricula. Arts curriculum carrying full credit 
 in music and art introduced as major subjects. All other courses 
 modified and adjusted to meet more adequately needs of students pre- 
 paring for office, shop, home or higher institution of learning. 
 
 Crippled Children, School for: Opened July 7, 1912 in Home for 
 Crippled Children. 1 7 pupils ranging in age from 4 to 1 3 years. 
 Heretofore no schooling had been provided. 
 
12 THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 Deaf, Public School Classes for: First class organized in Chestnut St. 
 School with 11 pupils, 1910. In Oct., 1915, classes in lip-reading 
 for adults were organized as part of evening school program. 
 
 Death Rate: Statistics for this period are noteworthy because they show 
 effects of infantile paralysis epidemic in 1916, and of influenza in 1918, 
 which, though less alarming in its symptoms, had more fatal results. 
 
 
 Population 
 
 No. Deaths 
 
 Death Rate 
 
 1904 
 
 272,000 
 
 5,378 
 
 19.77 
 
 1905 
 
 283,239 
 
 5,025 
 
 17.74 
 
 1906 
 
 290,000 
 
 5,551 
 
 19.14 
 
 1907 
 
 300,000 
 
 5,724 
 
 , 19.08 
 
 1908 
 
 305,000 
 
 5,207 
 
 17.07 
 
 1909 
 
 311,000 
 
 5,529 
 
 17.77 
 
 1910 
 
 347,469 
 
 5,784 
 
 16.64 
 
 1911 
 
 352,000 
 
 5,337 
 
 15.16 
 
 1912 
 
 370,000 
 
 5,423 
 
 14.65 
 
 1913 
 
 380,000 
 
 5,562 
 
 14.63 
 
 1914 
 
 395,000 
 
 5,809 
 
 14.70 
 
 1915 
 
 375,000 
 
 5,382 
 
 14.30 
 
 *1916 
 
 385,000 
 
 6,357 
 
 16.50 
 
 1917 
 
 405,000 , 
 
 5,205 
 
 15.30 
 
 *1918 
 
 430,000 
 
 8.482 
 
 19.70 
 
 *See Infantile Paralysis; Influenza. 
 
 Delinquent Children: Juvenile court act, providing for separate trial 
 of all offenders under 1 6 years, passed by N. J. Legislature, 1 903. 
 Essex Co. Juvenile Court established in Newark the same year. To 
 prevent association of young offenders with hardened criminals. Judge 
 may commit the boy or girl to a reformatory institution or refer the case 
 to a probation officer. In the latter case the child is released but must 
 report regularly to the officer until the probation period is passed. 
 
 House of Detention, 120 Newark St., county institution maintained 
 in connection with juvenile court, was opened Dec, 1910. For 
 accommodation of children awaiting trial, and for those held as wit- 
 nesses. Were formerly kept at police station or jail. 
 
 Essex Co. Parental School, Sussex Ave., bet. Hecker and Duryee 
 Sts., authorized by N. J. law of 1912, was opened May 1, 1916. 
 Supersedes House of Detention now used only for juvenile witnesses. 
 Provides a temporary home for juvenile delinquents and neglected chil- 
 
NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS 13 
 
 dren and aims to be an educational rather than penal institution. Here 
 juvenile court is held and probation cases reported. 
 
 Ungraded Schools, No. 1 (So. 10th St.), and No. 2 (Chestnut 
 St.), were erected, 191 1 , for better accommodation of classes of truants 
 and incorrigibles. Curriculum provides for usual common school 
 branches w^ith particular emphasis placed upon manual and vocational 
 studies. These 2 schools, with the classes in Academy St., established 
 1 898, are the only schools of this kind under direction of the Bd. of 
 Education. In addition there is the Newark Parental School, at 
 Verona, formerly known as the City Home. Maintained by the city 
 for the most difficult cases from ungraded schools. Provides a home 
 as well as schooling like the Essex Co. Parental School, except that it 
 takes boys only. 
 
 Dental Clinic Association: Organized 1909 and financed from private 
 sources. Later supported by city under N. J. law of 1910, with 
 amendments 1911 and 1913, allowing Common Council to appropriate 
 $10,000 annually. Provides free dental services for children under 
 16, unable to pay for treatment. 3 clinics opened at 74 Newton St., 
 346 Ferry St., and 297 Orange St. 7,623 individuals treated and 
 24,878 operations performed in 1918. 
 
 Orange St. Clinic closed Nov. 1, 1918, because of insufficient 
 funds and scarcity of operators, is expected to re-open. Appropriation 
 increased to $20,000 by N. J. law of 1919. 
 
 Detention, House of: See Delinquent Children. 
 
 Education Board: Change from elective board of 32 members, 2 from 
 each ward for term of 2 years, to present board of 9 members appointed 
 by Mayor for term of 3 years, made at general election held Nov. 5, 
 1907. 
 
 Employment Bureau, Municipal: Established Nov. 15, 1909. 
 Merged its activities with U. S. Dept. of Labor and N. J. Dept. of 
 Labor, July 1 , 1918. 
 
 Shortly after the armistice was signed, a Soldiers' and Sailors' 
 Dept. was organized to assist discharged men to secure positions, advis- 
 }ng and aiding the injured to obtain compensation and vocational train- 
 ing. 
 
 Exhibitions: Newark History, Free Public Library, May 1 7- June 
 1, 1905. Review of the city's growth from a little settlement of a few 
 houses to prosperous industrial center. Maps, portraits, pictures, curios. 
 
14 THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 Exhibit repeated in subsequent years as school children's interest in local 
 history developed. 
 
 Industrial Expositions, 1st Regiment Armory, (1) May 13-25, 
 1912 (the first since Aug., 1872); (2) Sept. 12-26. 1914; (3) May 
 1 3-June 3, 1916, 250th Anniversary event. 
 
 Industrial, L. Bamberger & Co.'s store, Feb., 1913; Feb., 1914; 
 Feb., 1915. 
 
 Fire Prevention, City Hall. First exhibit held Nov. 12, 1913. 
 Exhibits held annually since that date for week beginning Oct. 9th. 
 This date, the anniversary of the great Chicago fire, 1871, is generally 
 known throughout the country as Fire and Accident Prevention Day. 
 In 1 9 1 8 the date was changed to Nov. 1 1 th that it might not interfere 
 with the 4th Liberty Loan. See also Safety Movement. 
 
 Municipal, City Hall. March 1-7, 1915. Showing work of 
 various departments of the city government and their inter-relations. 
 Held in connection with an exhibit of foreign and American city plan- 
 ning. 
 
 Clay Products of N. J., Newark Museum, Feb. 1 -March 28, 
 1915. Brick, tile, sanitary ware, electrical ware, table ware, crucibles, 
 earthenware, etc., and demonstration of casting, pressing and turning on 
 the potter's wheel. 
 
 Textiles, Newark Museum, Feb. 1 -March 28, 1916. Machine 
 weaving, hand weaving, old and new, tapestry and weaving and em- 
 broideries, and a special group of textiles lent by foreign-born 
 Newarkers. 
 
 School Work, South Side High School, July 5-Aug. 4, 1916. 
 Feature of 250th Anniversary. Showed (1) organization of public 
 school system. (2) equipment, appliances, supplies, etc. (3) work 
 of all elementary grades, high schools, special classes and special sub- 
 jects. 
 
 Homelands, Newark Museum, Feb. 1 to March 28, 1916. 
 Costumes and textiles from foreign lands, mainly secured through the 
 schools. Burnet St. School, July 1 0-Aug. 5, 1916. Jewelry, 
 costumes, textiles, furniture, pottery, etc., from foreign lands, lent by 
 Newarkers of foreign birth, representing, among others, France, Bel 
 gium, Switzerland, Germany, Poland, Lithuania, Ruthenia, Russia, 
 Slovakia, Bohemia, Hungary, Italy, Armenia, and China, Plays, 
 songs and native dances were part of the entertainment. 
 
 Colonial Kitchen, Newark Museum, Nov. 27, 1917-Feb. 28, 
 
NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS 15 
 
 1918. A room 16 ft. X 20 ft., completely furnished as in colonial 
 days, with colonial domestic tools and utensils in cases. 
 
 The Soldier and Sailor, Newark Museum, March 1 4-April 1 , 
 1918. Complete modern equipment as required by Army and Navy 
 regulations; model of Camp Dix, comparison of uniforms and equip- 
 ment from Revolution to date. 
 
 Industrial Housing and Better Homes Exposition, Krueger Audi- 
 torium, July 20-27, 1918. Many models made by manual training 
 departments of Newark schools. Food conservation and war cookery, 
 also features. ' 
 
 Colombia, South America, Newark Museum. June 1-Nov. 30, 
 1918. Products, manufactures, life and customs of this rich but little 
 known neighbor. 
 
 Feebleminded, Public School Classes for: 5 classes established at 
 College PI., Lafayette St. and 7th Ave. Schools, Sept., 1910. 
 Fire Department, 1906: First self-propelled steam engine, "Mount 
 Pelee", placed in service, Nov. 22, 1906. Cost $6,000, weight 8/2 
 tons, built by Manchester Locomotive Works. Strangely enough the 
 engine itself sent forth so many sparks, thereby setting fire to numerous 
 awnings and other things along its route, that it was later converted 
 into a tractor engine and is now part of the reserve. 
 
 1907. Central office Fire Alarm Telegraph Office installed in 
 City Hall. Cost $55,000. 
 
 Bur. of Combustibles' and Fire Risks established. Originated 
 Fire Prevention Code which marked beginning of that important move- 
 ment. Effective Dec, 1910. 
 
 1911. School of instruction for firemen established. 
 
 First motor-driven fire engine, of general type now in use, placed 
 in service. 
 
 1917. Two platoon system inaugurated, whereby the fireman's 
 working schedule is so arranged that he has 24 consecutive free hours 
 every week. 
 
 1918. First fire boat, "William J. Brennan", named for the 
 diiector of Dept. of Public Safety, placed in service June, 1918. On 
 the night of its first day of service it was successful in extinguishing a 
 dock fire, which might otherwise have resulted in $ 1 00,000 loss. 
 Flag, City: Officially adopted by Common Council, March 24, 1916. 
 The field is white, with Jersey blue border. The city seal in gold, with 
 gold-blue scroll and blue band beneath, occupies the center of the field. 
 
16 THE PUBLIC LIBRARY I 
 
 Food and Drug Division — Board of Health: Established, 1913. 
 Prior to that, only work carried on consisted of taking a few milk 
 samples wherever suspicion was directed. Today the chief of division, 
 chemist, 2 veterinarians, 4 milk inspectors, 4 food inspectors and a meat ' 
 inspector keep close watch over food in every form, especially milk. 
 Food-handling places, including restaurants, are supervised and scored; 
 food handlers physically examined ; live stock supervised. 
 
 Gar^ Schools: See Alternating Plan. 
 
 German Language: War led to decision May 27, 1918, that no new 
 classes in German would be formed, although study would be continued 
 in those classes already organized. 
 
 Girls' Vocational School: Recommended 1912. Opened Sept., 
 1914, in former Normal School building, Washington and Linden Sts. 
 
 Gymnasium, Public School: First gymnasium installed in new addition 
 to Hamburg Place School during school year 1906-7. Barringer High 
 School gymnasium annex opened 1 909. 
 
 Health: See Birth Rate; Child Hygiene Division — Board of Health; 
 Death Rate; Food and Drug Division — Board of Health; Infantile 
 Paralysis ; Influenza ; Little Mother's League ; Medical History, Museum 
 of; Mental Hygiene, Bureau of — Board of Health; Milk Supply; 
 Tuberculosis, Campaign Against; Venereal Diseases, Bureau of — 
 Board of Health; Whooping Cough. 
 
 High Schools: Barringer, formerly Newark High School, was the 
 only high school in the city, 1838-1904. In 1907 the name was 
 changed to Barringer High School, in memory of Dr. William N. 
 Barringer, city superintendent of schools for about 20 years. 
 
 East Side, opened March 1, 1911. 
 
 Central, opened Feb. 1, 1912. 
 
 South Side, opened Sept. 8, 1913. 
 
 See also Junior High Schools. 
 
 Housing: U. S. Homes Registration and Rent Profiteering Committee 
 created July, 1918, with office in City Hall, branch of national organiza- 
 tion for equitable protection of home rent payers and owners of dwell- 
 ings. Undertook compilation of list of homes where war workers could 
 obtain rooms. Conducted "Rent-a-Room" campaign as war expedient. 
 Originally planned to aid war workers, service has broadened so that 
 office has become a general housing bureau. 
 
NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS 17 
 
 Basing its figures on local buildings reports Jan, 1, 1915-June 30, 
 1919, Sunday Call has estimated that Newark has shortage of 3,000 
 homes. ^ j 
 
 See also Apartments. 
 
 Indeterminate Sentence: See Prison Reform. 
 
 Industrial Expositions: See Exhibitions. 
 
 Industrial Schools: See Boys' Vocational School; Girls' Vocational 
 School; Technical School. 
 
 Industry: Added celluloid to the world's products; built first locomotive 
 engine to travel up grade; leads in manufacture of umbrella frames. 
 
 Produced first malleable cast iron; made first patent leather; is 
 largest fine jewelry manufacturing centre; ranks 1 1 th in U. S. in annual 
 aggregate value of products. 
 
 Ranks 1 st in N. J. in number of wage earners, amount of capital 
 invested in manufacturing, amount paid in wages to workers, and value 
 of goods produced. 
 
 Has one firm employing over 1 0,000 persons, 8 employing over 
 1,000, 19 employing over 500, 73 employing over 200, and 123 em- 
 ploying over 1 00 each. 
 
 INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AS AFFECTED BY THE WAR. 
 
 1 . Stores and Factories : 
 
 Grocery stores 
 Dry goods stores 
 Automobile dealers 
 Machine and machinery mfrs. 
 Printers 
 
 2. Finance. Newark as a Finan 
 
 Banks & Trust Cos. 
 
 " Deposits $ 48,593,824 $ 91,881,371 $ 150,584,502 
 
 Insurance Agencies 50 96 110 
 
 Fire insurance in force $ 585,496,689 $1,823,849,317 $2,472,090,772 
 
 Life $1,416,345,076 $3,306,711,318 $4,879,947,621 
 
 Building & Loan Associations 1 1 1 245 259 
 
 Postal Savings Deposits (Begun Sept. 15, 
 
 1911) $27,573 $42,587 
 
 1904 
 
 1914 
 
 1918 
 
 950 
 
 1,619 
 
 1,455 
 
 166 
 
 288 
 
 336 
 
 21 
 
 145 
 
 195 
 
 79 
 
 99 
 
 125 
 
 68 
 
 116 
 
 129 
 
 :ial Centre: 
 
 
 
 904 
 
 1914 
 
 1918 
 
 17 
 
 28 
 
 27 
 
1904 
 
 1914 
 
 1918 
 
 272,000 
 
 395.000 
 
 430,000 
 
 105,631 
 
 172.756 
 
 201,894 
 
 573 
 
 1,695 
 
 1,751 
 
 2,155 
 
 2,104 
 
 1,696 
 
 $6,000,000 
 
 $10,610,277 
 
 $5,000,000 
 
 1904 
 
 1914 
 
 1917 
 
 not 
 
 
 
 available 
 
 729 
 
 820 
 
 18 THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 3. General Growth: 
 
 Population (Bd. of Health estimates) 
 Names listed in Newark directory 
 Corporations listed in Newark 
 
 directory 
 Building permits granted 
 Amount spent on buildings 
 
 4. Factories: 
 Establishments 
 
 Total capital invested " $141 ,796.120.00 $204,249,525.00 
 
 Cost value of material used " $ 89.998,186.00 $203,732,015.00 
 
 Selling value of goods made " $167,793,408.00 $332,426,904.00 
 
 Average number persons employed *' 57.156 69,066 
 
 Total amount paid in wages " $ 30,714,116.00 $ 53.277,897.00 
 
 Average yearly earnings of workers " $ 537.37 $ 771.41 
 
 Infantile Paraly^sis: Epidemic occurred during July, Aug. and Sept. 1, 
 1916. 1 ,360 cases with 363 death. Greatest number of cases reported 
 week ending Aug. 12, 260. Highest prevalence under 5 years of age. 
 
 Necessitated closing all-year and summer schools, July 19, 1916, 
 and postponing the opening of fall sessions until Sept. 25. 
 Influenza: Outset of epidemic apparent during last 4 days of Sept., 
 1918, when 435 cases were reported. Simultaneously a remarkable in- 
 crease in pneumonia. Greatest daily number of influenza cases reported 
 was 1 ,626, on Oct. 1 4. Most prevalent in Oct. but continued through 
 Nov. and Dec. with a total of 29,269 cases of influenza and 3,853 
 cases of pneumonia. High prevalence was between 20 and 30 years. 
 Total deaths, Oct. -Dec, 1918, were 1,354 from influenza and 829 
 from pneumonia. 
 
 All public drinking places, theaters, churches, dance halls, billiard 
 rooms and other public places of assemblage closed Oct. 1 0-22. 
 Schools closed Oct. 1 1 , reopened Oct. 28. 
 
 Institute of Arts and Sciences, 367 High St. Incorporated 1910, 
 Merging of Newark University Courses, given 1 909, and College Ex- 
 tension Courses given for several years. To meet widespread demand 
 for courses of university grade in Newark and nearby towns. Has co- 
 operative support of New York University which supplies Institute with 
 regular members of the N. Y. U. instructional stafl^. Credits courses 
 taken for degrees in Washington Square College of N. Y. U. 
 
NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS 19 
 
 Italian Language: 3 year study course introduced at Bapringer High 
 School, Feb. 1, 1919. 
 
 Jitneys: Or passenger auto-buses. First run in spring of 1916. 349 
 in operation July, 1919. Name originated in California, where a 5 
 cent piece, the fare, is commonly known as a "jitney". 
 
 Receipts Tax Passengers 
 
 1916 (7 months) $133,043.22 $ 5,556.92 2,660,963 
 
 1917 409,774.86 17,332.74 8,195,491 
 
 1918 855,832.82 36,151.22 17,120,652 
 
 1919 (7 months) 959,473.69 39,940.61 19,189,472 
 
 Junior College: Established at South Side High School with 50 stu- 
 dents Sept., 1918. Public school system thus extended to include the 
 first two years of regular college course. 
 
 Junior High Schools: Established at Robert Treat, Madison and ClevCj 
 land Schools, Sept., 1917. 9th grade, equivalent to 1st year high 
 school, added to grammar course, with departmental system in 7th and 
 8th grades. Experiment of teaching modern languages as early as the 
 7th grade tried with success, 1919. 
 
 Junior Museum Club: Founded June, 1916, by boy and girl dele- 
 gates from 8B public school classes and members of the Irvington 
 Museum Assoc, under leadership of Dr. Henry H. Rusby, of Newark, 
 and the staff of the Newark Museum Assoc. Purpose: to collect and 
 to study animals, insects, aquatic life, birds, botany, mineralogy, stamps 
 and coins, electricity, photography, etc. Membership open to any boy 
 or girl between 1 and 1 8 years of age. Affiliated with the Newark 
 Museum Assoc. Headquarters, Public Library building. 
 
 Juvenile Court: See Delinquent Children. 
 
 Juvenile Delinquency : See Delinquent Children. 
 
 Lectures, Public: 25 years ago, the lecture system was a feature of the 
 evening schools, and continued as such, until 1 906, when it was decided 
 to have the lectures for the people given in school buildings, designated 
 as lecture centers. In 1907 there were 15 lecture centers, including 
 the First Presbyterian Church, the Free Public Library and 1 3 school 
 buildings. 
 
 During the season of 1907-08 there were 245 lectures with a 
 total attendance of 105,210. For the season 1915-16 there were 30 
 
20 THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 centers and 400 lectures, with an aggregate attendance of 1 60,890. 
 During the war period, 1917-18, the attendance decreased. 
 
 Subjects treated in the lectures are history, patriotism, art, music, 
 literature and geography. Many are illustrated by stereopticon views 
 and a few by motion pictures. Musical programs have always proved 
 popular. 
 
 Library, Public: Building completed, March, 1901. Cost of build- 
 ing, $3 1 5 ,000 ; cost of land, $ 1 00,000. Architects, Rankin & Kellogg, 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Number of books lent in 1904, 465,674. In 1911 the number 
 passed the million mark and held it imtil, in 1918, the library's income 
 was found to be inadequate, branch libraries were closed, and the num- 
 ber of books lent dropped, accordingly, 37%. 
 
 Art Department and Picture Collection, which were getting well 
 under way in 1 904 and lent 3,000 pictures that year, now lend over 
 1 00,000 small pictures, photographs, lithographs and prints. These 
 pictures are used by teachers in 36 different schools for classroom work; 
 also by artists, designers, jewelers, newspapers and journals, advertis- 
 ing men and others in trades and professions, needing illustrative 
 material. 
 
 Barringer High School Branch. Opened, 1 900, under manage- 
 ment of Public Library. Management taken over by Bd. of Educa- 
 tion and books purchased from the Public Library, 1915. 
 
 Business Branch. First opened in 1904 at 16 Academy St., 
 with a collection of directories and a general book collection. First 
 public library of business literature and information for business men 
 ever established. Similar branches have since been established by 
 libraries of other large cities. During the 1 5 years it moved 4 times, 
 always near the business center at Broad and Market Streets, and sp>ecial 
 development along business lines has been steadily carried on. 
 
 Branch Libraries, General. Delivery stations were the Library's 
 first attempt to reach people in sections distant from the main building. 
 They were opened in drug stores at various centers as early as 1 89 1 and 
 were intended only for the collection and delivery of books borrowed by 
 people in the neighborhood. Readers left their cards with a list of call 
 numbers, taken from the old "finding list" or printed catalog. Requests 
 were Hlled at the Library and books delivered to the station daily. 
 
 In 1 906, because of increased use, delivery stations were replaced 
 by deposit stations. At these deposit stations, still operated in stores, 
 
NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS 21 
 
 the Library placed collections of several hundred books and continued 
 the delivery system. When the lending of books outgrew deposit 
 stations, branch libraries were the natural result. After branches were 
 established, deposit stations were discontinued, Nov., 1914. 
 
 From 1905 to 1915, seven general branches in rented stores and 
 two school branches, were opened for the convenience of residents in 
 neighborhoods two or more miles from the main library. All branches 
 closed in 1918 because of insufficient funds to carry on the work, which 
 had grown to large proportions. For notes about branches, see 
 chronological "Story of the Branches", in pamphlet "The Roseville 
 Branch", published 1917. 
 
 Children's Books. The Children's Room at the Main Library 
 always has a special collection of children's books to lend to children 
 who live near enough to visit it. The branch libraries lent books also 
 to children in their neighborhoods. The School Dept. sends to any 
 teacher who wishes it, a school or classroom library of 25-40 books 
 to lend to the children in her class. 400 or 500 of these libraries go 
 into schools every year and 15,000 children read the books. 
 
 Civil Service law in operation since Dec. 22, 1910. 
 
 Fiction. Moved from the main Lending Room on 2nd floor to 
 separate department on 1st floor Oct., 1912, for the convenience of 
 borrowers. 
 
 High School Room, on 1 st floor of Main Library. Contains 
 books on the required reading lists of the four high schools. Opened 
 March 13, 1918, for convenience of high school students. The whole 
 Library is open to them for general use as before. 
 
 "The Library and the Museum Therein," first issued June 28, 
 1918. An eight page journal, illustrated, describing the activities and 
 acquisitions of Library and Museum. Five numbers have appeared to 
 date. 
 
 Music collection added April, 1907. Over $500 raised by 
 friends for nucleus of collection. 
 
 "The Newarker", a "house organ", published "To introduce a 
 City to itself and to its Public Library". Contained notices and 
 articles on library activities and on local matters of public interest. 
 Issued by the Library, Nov., 191 1-Oct., 1915. Was taken over as 
 news sheet of 250th Anniversary Committee of 100, Nov., 1915-Oct., 
 1916, cind discontinued thereafter. 
 
22 THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 North Lawn. $53,750 appropriated by Common Council for 
 purchase of 25 ft. lot, May 8, 1906. 
 
 Periodical Dept. Moved to 2nd floor corridor, Sept., 1918, for 
 convenience of readers. 
 
 Registration Dept. Special room for registering new^ borrowers, 
 adults and children, and for general registration work; opened on 1st 
 floor, Oct. 14, 1912. Put the clerical work of the Library in one 
 place, under one head. 
 
 Technical Dept., with books, magazines and pamphlets on trades 
 and sciences, established Nov. 15, 1908. 
 
 Time limit on the borrowing of books, extended from 2 weeks to 
 1 month, March, 1 904. One of the first libraries in the country to do 
 this. 
 
 Lincoln Highwa}^: Ocean-to-ocean highway from New York to San 
 Francisco, named in honor of Abraham Lincoln. Formally opened in 
 Jersey City and Newark, Dec. 13, 1913. Route through Newark: 
 From city line east to city line south, on Old Plank Road, Ferry, 
 Merchant, Lafayette, Broad, Clinton Ave., Astor St. and Frelinghuysen 
 Ave. Section between Jersey City and Newark, formerly called Old 
 Plank Road, now 1 00 ft. boulevard, cost $ 1 ,000,000. Turns marked 
 by red, white and gold signs. 
 
 Little Mothers League: Organized in Belmont Ave. School, May 10, 
 1915, with 46 members, and in Montgomery School, May 26, 1915, 
 with 29 members. Under direction of Health Bd.'s Div, of Child 
 Hygiene. Members, girls between 1 1 and 1 3 years of age, volunteer 
 to help care for city's babies. Each member undertakes the care of 
 one mother and baby in her own neighborhood, visits them once a week 
 and reports at consultation meetings held in the schools. Since May, 
 1915, over 1,151 girls have received and given instruction in the care, 
 feeding and management of babies. 
 
 Lunches, Public School: Penny lunches served at Hawkins St. School, 
 beginning Dec. 23, 1914. Average daily cost during first months, 
 $i.80; average receipts, $1.51, and cost of free portions, 29 cents. 
 Later provided in Lawrence and South St. schools. 
 
 Medical History, Museum of: In 1916, steps were taken by Dr. W. 
 S. Disbrow, then President of the Bd. of Health, to collect and exhibit 
 "everything which would illustrate the history of medicine in our city, 
 from its foundation". 
 
NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS 23 
 
 A large room on the top floor of the Bd. of Heahh Building, 
 at 94 WilHam St., was set aside for this purpose. 
 
 Medical Inspection: Inaugurated in pubHc schools, 1901, under joint 
 control of Bd. of Education and Bd. of Health. Entire control passed 
 to Bd. of Education, 1908-09. Originally organized as a means to 
 control spread of contagious disease, activities have been enlarged to 
 include all matters relating to the health of school children. In 1914 
 the number of school physicians was reduced from 38 to 8, and the 
 number of nurses increased from 8 to 26. Public school clinic, 25 
 Market St., was opened April, 1916, and a trained psychologist added 
 to the staff of experts, Feb., 1918. Medical inspection in parochial 
 schools is carried on by Bd. of Health. 
 
 Medical Library Association: Organized Nov. 18, 1905. The library 
 is housed in and administered by Free Public Library. 
 
 Memorial Tablets See Tablets, Memorial 
 
 Memorial Trees See Trees, Memorial 
 
 Mental H\)giene, Bureau of — Board of Health: Established May, 
 1919. Movement started by establishment of a psychopathic ward in 
 City Hospital as early as 1 908. Purpose is to provide a clearing 
 house for cases of mental or nervous disorder and of defectives coming 
 to attention of courts, charitable associations or other city agencies. Will 
 study and contend against drug addiction, enforce prohibition, observe 
 neuro-psychiatric cases among former soldiers and care of psychological 
 cases in parochial schools. 
 
 Mexican Border Uprising: First N. J. Regiment entrained for Sea 
 Girt to prepare for border service, June 21, 1916. 
 
 Milf( Supply: Thoroughly supervised by Food and Drug Division of 
 Board of Health, established 1913. Dairies and creameries are in- 
 spected and scored. Milk, except from exceptionally good dairies, 
 must be pasteurized. Sale of unbottled milk prohibited by city ordi- 
 nance, adopted Feb. 1 , 1916. 
 
 Present supply estimate is 100,000 quarts daily. About 25,000 
 less than 2 years ago. Decrease in quantity due. to increased cost. 
 3 municipal depots, where milk is on sale at lowest possible price, opened 
 by Mayor, Jan., 1919. 
 
 Monuments: See Statues and Monuments 
 
 Moving Pictures: First show licensed, Feb. 1, 1906, in 1919, 39. 
 
24 THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 City ordinance under which "Shows and Exhibitions" are regulated, 
 amended, 1910, to include moving picture houses. 
 
 Municipal Christmas Trees See Christmas Trees, Municipal 
 
 Municipal Employment Bureau See Employment Bureau, Municipal 
 
 Municipal Exhibition See Exhibitions 
 
 Museum Association: Founded through the efforts of the members of 
 the Fine Arts Commission, the Committee on Art and Science Collec- 
 tions, and John Cotton Dana, of the Public Library. 
 
 Incorporated, April 29, 1909, with 50 elective trustees and 5 ex- 
 officio trustees representing the city government and the Bd. of Educa- 
 tion, by special act of N. J. Legislature. Established for the reception 
 and exhibition of articles of art, science, history and technology and for 
 the encouragement of the study of the arts and sciences. Rockwell 
 Japanese Collection purchased for $10,000 and Museum formally 
 opened in rooms in the Library lent by Library trustees, Feb. 24, 191 0. 
 
 With annual appropriations, collections, cases and equipment have 
 been acquired, valued at over $100,000. Paintings, sculpture, 
 pottery, glass, textiles, bronzes, American Indian material, models of 
 the habitations of man, and many examples of art and industry. Col- 
 lections also include over 3,000 objects lent to schools for classroom 
 use. Systematic lending of objects for classroom use began in 1914. 
 In 5 years, 19,012 objects were lent. Largest number lent in one 
 year, 1918, was 7,357. 
 
 Disbrow Science Collections held in trust by the Library, were 
 turned over to the Museum, 1912. 
 
 Membership in the Museum Assoc, open to all. Dues paid used 
 tor mamtenance of the collections and purchase of new objects. 1 or 
 12 special exhibitions are held each year in addition to permanent exhi- 
 bitions of objects owned by the Museum. Admission, free. 
 
 See also Exhibitions; Junior Museum Club; Medical History. 
 Museum of. 
 
 Music Festivals : First, held at 1 st Regiment Armory. 1915 World- 
 famous artists attracted thousands. Dates for the first and succeedmg 
 festivals, with the names of the leading soloists, follow 
 1st. May 4, 5, 6, 1915. Anna Case, Pasquale Amata, Gadski. 
 
 Witherspoon, Matzenauer, Kreisler. 
 2nd. 250th Anniversary Event, May 1,2,3,4,1916. Anna Case, 
 
 Ethel Leginska, Freida Hempel, Julia Culp. 
 
NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS 25 
 
 3rd. May 1,2, 3, 1917. John McCormack, Lucy Gates (in place 
 
 of Galli-Curci), Ysaye. 
 4th. April 30, May 1,2, 1918. Geraldine Farrar, Lucy Gates, 
 
 Arthur Middleton, Clarence Whitehill, Giovanni Martinelli. 
 5th. May 16, 17, 19, 1919. Anna Case, Reinald Werrenrath. 
 
 Caruso, Toscha Seidel. 
 
 Naluralization: Public school evening classes preparing foreigners for 
 U. S. citizenship organized, 1912. 
 
 Newark Day: For the purpose of studying history and development 
 of Newark, Nov. 7, 1910, the day before Election Day, was set aside 
 by Bd. of Education. At the board meeting, Oct. 27, 1910, it was 
 recommended that principals and teachers and, whenever possible, citi- 
 zens and officials lecture to the pupils about the city in which they live. 
 The day before Election Day was chosen because local interest would 
 naturally be increased at that time. 
 
 Since then interest in the day has grown through the action of the 
 Schoolmen's Club, composed of men teachers, principals and educa- 
 tional officials, which adopted the suggestion of Mr. Frank J. Urquhart, 
 of the Newark Sunday Call, to mark by tablets important historical 
 spots in the city. 
 
 See also Tablets, Memorial. 
 
 Neivspapers and Journals: 
 
 Newspapers. 
 
 News, evg. circ. 92,044, 1919. Est. 1883 
 
 Call, Sun. " 50,000, " " 1872 
 
 Star-Eagle, evg. " 50,000, " " * 
 
 Ledger, morn.. Sun. "32,245, " " 1914 
 
 Roseville Citizen, wkly. " 5,958, " " 1915 
 *Evg. Star, successor to Daily Advertiser, consolidated with Morn. 
 Eagle, Jan. 28, 1916, and from Jan. 31, 1916, published under name 
 Star-Eagle. 
 
 Foreign Newspapers. 
 N. J. Freie Zeitung 
 
 (German) morn. circ. 11.000, Sun. 15,000, Est. 1857 
 
 Kronika (Polish) wkly. " 15,538, " 1908 
 
 L'Ora (Italian) " " 2,000, " 1902 
 
 Montagna (Italian) " " " 1894 
 Revista (English and 
 
 Italian) " 2,000, " 1905 
 
26 THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 School Journals. 
 Acropolis, Barringer High School; Orient, East Side High School; 
 The Pivot, Central High School; The Optimist, South Side High 
 School; Polymnian, Newark Academy; St. Benedict's College 
 Quarterly, St. Benedict's College; "Fratech", Newark Technical 
 School; "The Worker", Boys' Industrial; "The Pioneer", Robert 
 Treat School; "Lafayette Messenger", Lafayette School; "Cleveland 
 Alternate", Cleveland Grammar and Junior High School; "Onward", 
 Newark City Home, Verona, N. J. 
 
 Normal School, N. J. State: Formerly Newark Normal School. 
 Transferred from city to state, July 1, 1913. New building on Belle- 
 ville and 4th Aves., opened Sept. 16, 1913. $500,000 finally agreed 
 upon March, 1919, as purchase price acceptable to city in transfer. 
 Open Air Classes: Inaugurated Feb., 1911, in Elizabeth Ave. 
 School building for weak, sickly and anaemic children. This school 
 was later set apart for children in incipient cases of tuberculosis and 
 classes for anaemic children were organized in 1 3 regular schools. 
 
 Pageant See 250th Anniversary 
 
 Parades See 250th Anniversary 
 
 Parental School, Essex Co. See Delinquent Children 
 
 Parental School, Newark See Delinquent Children 
 
 Parks, City: Under care and supervision of Shade Tree Div. of Dept. 
 of Parks and Public Property. Distinct from county-controlled parks, 
 like Branch Brook, Weequahic, East Side, West Side and Riverbank, 
 which happen to lie within city boundaries. Largest and most familiar 
 are Lincoln, Military and Washington, all bordering on Broad St. 
 Besides these parks, there are, in business and residential sections, green 
 squares cuid triangles, to serve as breathing spaces and recreation centers. 
 
 1905 1919 
 
 No. of parks 19 29 
 
 Park area in acres 19.18 21.77 
 
 Value of park land $9,267,000 
 
 Among parks added to the system since 1905, when Shade Tree 
 Commission first took charge of the parks, are Wallace Park, a triangle 
 of land bounded by Wallace St., Wallace PI. and Bank St., purchased 
 by city, 1907; Court House Park, fronting Court House, between 
 Market St. and Springfield Ave., deeded to city by county, 1907; 
 
NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS 11 
 
 Herper's Park, Randolph and So. 15th St., given to city by Mr. and 
 Mrs. Henry Herpers, 1914, and named in their honor. Ground about 
 drinking fountain, which marks the first landing place of Robert Treat 
 and his followers, cultivated and known since 1916 as Landing Place 
 Park. Name of Madison Park, bounded by Clinton, Belmont and 
 Madison Aves., changed to McKinley Circle when Hiker Statue was 
 unveiled Memorial Day, 1914, in memory of the President who called 
 the Hiker Men to service. Triangle, between Central Ave., Fourth 
 St. and Warren St., previously known as Central Ave. Park, Central 
 Square, etc., named Liberty Square, 1913. 
 
 Parl(s, Essex Count^^: Parks within the boundaries of Newark, but 
 controlled by the Essex Co. Park Commission, are Branch Brook, East- 
 side, Westside, Weequahic and Riverbank. 
 
 Weequahic Park enlarged by 50 acres, 1908; Municipal Golf 
 Course of 9 holes opened, 1914, and used by 14,000 players during 
 1915. 
 
 Riverbank Park opened, 1911. Land cost $200,000. 
 
 Essex Co. Park Commission Administration Building erected in 
 Branch Brook Park, 1914. 
 
 Parkreays: Parking strips or green cultivated stretches running through 
 street centers. First deeded to city, 1911. Originally constructed by 
 private land companies. When taken over by the city, they came under 
 the care of the Shade Tree Commission. These parkways to be found 
 on Belmont, Chadwick, Fourth, Seymour, Hawthorne and Vassar Aves. 
 and Heller Parkway, and a number of other streets. Park Ave. Park- 
 way is under county park management. City parkways in 1919 add 
 8.58 acres to the park area. 
 
 Parochial Schools See Schools, Parochial 
 
 Passaic Valley Trunl( Sen>er: Passaic River became so polluted by 
 the sewage of Newark and other cities lying along its course from Pater- 
 son south, that in 1 896 a movement was started by Paterson and Newark 
 Boards of Trade, for the purification of the river. After 1 6 years of 
 litigation, 1 5 municipalities joined in building a great trunk sewer to 
 collect the sewage of towns in Passaic Valley District, carry it across 
 Newark Bay and discharge it into upper New York Bay. Work began 
 July, 1912, under direction of the Passaic Valley Sewerage Commis- 
 sion, authorized by act of N. J. Legislature, 1907. The cost, 
 estimated at $12,000,000, will be met by assessments on the municipal- 
 ities joined in the project. In 1919, 90% complete. 
 
28 THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 Paving See Street Paving 
 
 Physical Training: Made an essential part of elementary school curric- 
 ulum, Sept., 1904. 
 
 Playgrounds: Until July, 1919, there were 3 systems of playgrounds 
 in Newark: 1. Under Control of Bd. of Education, conducted on 
 school grounds; 2. Under control of Essex Co. Park Commission on 
 playfields in all county parks; 3. Under control of Dept. of Play- 
 grounds, under the Bd. of Recreation Commissioners. The last are 
 generally called "City Playgrounds". 
 
 In July, 1919, control of the city playgrounds passed to the Bd. 
 of Education, a transfer under active consideration for a number of 
 months. 
 
 Playgrounds, City: The Bd. of Playground Commissioners was estab- 
 lished by act of N. J. Legislature, 1907, to provide playgrounds and 
 recreation places. It was composed of 5 members appointed for 5 
 years. In 1915 the name was changed to Bd. of Recreation Commis- 
 sioners, in charge of playgrounds and public baths. Under commis- 
 sion government this board was responsible to the Dept. of Public 
 Affairs, but in 1919, as has been stated, control and ownership of the 
 city playgrounds passed to the Bd. of Education in line with the carry- 
 ing out of a comprehensive recreation program. 
 
 1. Canal St., Canal & Commerce Sts. 
 
 113'xll2'. Owned. Opened Oct. 1, 1907. . 
 
 2. Prince St., Prince St. & Waverly Ave. 
 
 I00'xl03'. Owned (partly). Opened May 1 , 1 908. 
 
 3. Newton St., Nos. 68-70 Newton St. 
 
 lOO'xlOO'. Owned. Opened Dec. 1 0, 1 908. 
 
 4. Lafayette St., Lafayette St. & N. J. R. R. Ave. 
 
 210'x90'. Leased. Opened Sept. 6, 191 1 (closed). 
 
 5. Oliver St., Oliver & Chestnut Sts. 
 
 I56'x24r. Leased. Opened Sept. 6, 1912. 
 
 6. Belleville Ave., Belleville & Arlington Aves. 
 
 149'x359'. Leased. Opened Aug. 15, 1913 (closed). 
 
 7. Summer Ave., Summer Ave. & D'Auria St. 
 
 50^x99'. Lent. Opened Sept. 17, 1913. 
 
 8. Vailsburg. So. Orange Ave. & Boylan St. 
 
 5l8'x235'. Owned. Opened July 24, 1915. 
 
 9. Avon Ave., Avon Ave. & So. 10th St. 
 
 246'xl75'. Lent. Opened 1915 (closed). 
 
NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS 29 
 
 10. Broad St., Bet. Emmet & Wright Sts. 
 
 I 1 8'x89'. Leased. Opened Sept. 1 , 1915. 
 ] 1. Morton St.. Morton St. & College PI. & Howard St. 
 
 87'xl2r. Lent. Opened Dec. 1 , 1 9 1 4. 
 12. West End, So. Orange Ave. & 12th St. 
 
 550'x530'. Lent. Opened Sept., 1916 (closed). 
 1 3. East Side, Wilson Ave. 
 
 Owned. Opened July 1 , 1918. 
 
 Police Department: 
 
 1904 1919 
 
 444 members of force. 842 members of force. 
 
 4 precincts. 8 precincts. 
 
 6 bicycle officers. ■ 29 motorcycle officers. 
 
 8 mounted officers. 29 mounted officers. 
 
 1910. Oct. 1 , Autos replaced horse-drawn vehicles. 
 1916. Replacement completed. 
 1919. 17autos. 
 
 1904. Cost of administration, $ 509,644. 
 1918. " " " $1,414,098. 
 
 First policewoman appointed Aug. 1,1918. 3 on force Aug., 1919. 
 Called in cases involving the handling of girls or women. 
 
 Poor and Alms Department and Almshouse Surve};: Made by Dept. 
 of Surveys and Exhibits — Russell Sage Foundation under direction of 
 Francis H. McLean, 1918-1919. Considers whole family welfare 
 problem of the city, — poverty, relief and social agencies. $1,400 
 appropriated by Bd. of Commissioners for Work. 
 
 Population: 
 
 1904. 272,000, Bd. of Health estimate. 
 
 1905. 283,000, State Census. 
 1910. 347,469, Federal " 
 1915. 366,729, State 
 
 1918. 430,000, Bd. of Health estimate. 
 
 Port Newark: Development involved: (1) Reclamation of 4,000 
 acres of tide marshland on Newark Bay. (2) Construction of ship 
 channel 7,000 ft. long, 400 ft. wide at bottom, and 20 ft. deep at 
 mean low water, the channel to extend into marshland for a distance of 
 Yz to 1 mile. (3) Building of dock frontage of 4,500 ft. with der- 
 ricks, tracks, and other equipment for handling freight. (4) Building 
 
30 THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 of pier 1,200 ft. long and 150 ft. wide, extending into bay from end 
 of dock, equipped with tracks, etc., to accommodate ocean vessels. 
 (5) Railway distributing and transfer system covering the reclaimed 
 area and connecting with at least 3 trunk lines. Central Railroad of 
 N. J., Pennsylvania and Lehigh Valley already cross this area. (6) 
 At least 1 wide paved avenue of approach from center of city. 
 
 Actual work begun March, 1914. Under City Dept. of Docks 
 and Meadows, with Morris R. Sherrerd, Chief Engineer, and James C. 
 Hallock, engineer in charge. Funds provided by $2,000,000 bond 
 issue authorized by N. J. Legislature. 
 
 Oct. 20, 1915, named Port Newark Terminal Day and declared 
 a public holiday by the Mayor. Marked by first public inspection of 
 the work. 
 
 U. S. government in 1917 leased land in this area for Sub- 
 marine Boat Corporation and also 1 33 acres for the Quartermaster's 
 Supply Depot. 
 
 Course of development changed by war, and future plans now 
 uncertain. 
 
 See also Shipbuilding. 
 
 Postal Service: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1904 
 
 1918 
 
 Sub-stations 
 
 
 • 26 
 
 68 
 
 Carriers 
 
 
 170 
 
 328 
 
 Pieces of mail handled 
 
 85,978,300 
 
 181,584.236 
 
 Total receipts 
 
 
 $634,197 
 
 $2,115,549.87 
 
 Opening of aerial mail station at Heller Field in Forest Hill Sec- 
 tion, originally set for July 1, 1919, has been postponed. 
 
 Prices, Food: 
 
 1904 
 Rib Roast (per lb.) (Not available for Newark) 
 Flour, wheat (per lb.) 
 Eggs (per doz.) 
 Butter (per lb.) 
 Sugar (per lb.) 
 Milk (per qt.) 
 
 Prison Reform: (Here are recorded a few facts about N. J. pro- 
 cedure, selected because of their connection with the administration of 
 law for Newark. Complete review of state conditions and progress 
 
 1914 
 
 1918 
 
 $.22 
 
 $.39 
 
 .03 
 
 .07 
 
 .35 
 
 .52 
 
 .33 
 
 .55 
 
 .05 
 
 .09 
 
 .09 
 
 .14 
 
NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS 31 
 
 will be found in the Report of the Prison Inquiry Commission, pub- 
 lished 1917.) 
 
 Indeterminate Sentence: Or sentence to imprisonment without a fixed 
 time for its termination. Adopted by act of N. J. Legislature April 
 21, 1911. Is in accordance with the principle that imprisonment is 
 primarily for reformation and that offenders should be released as soon 
 a? they have shown themselves again ready to be fit members of society. 
 Provides for a maximum and minimum term, the maximum varying with 
 nature of offense and the minimum not less than a year and not more 
 than two-thirds of the maximum. 
 
 Prior to 1911 this practice had applied only to the State Re- 
 formatory. 
 
 Prison Labor: Law abolishing private contract system of labor direct- 
 ing that work of convicts should be employed in manufacture of goods 
 for state use was passed by N. J. Legislature, June 7, 191 I. Prison 
 Labor Commission created March 28, 1912, to direct development of 
 "state-use" system and control its operation, but without sufficient 
 authority to assure its success. Act passed, April 4, 1913, provided 
 that unfilled contracts might be continued until state-use industries had 
 been established. In view of the practical failure to introduce "state- 
 use" system within the prisons, outside employment of prisoners was 
 authorized by act of April II, 1910, and subsequent amendments. 
 Since 1913, 4 road camps have been opened for employment of con- 
 victs on state roads and have proved a relative success. Farming has 
 also proved profitable. This system not only aims to prevent waste of 
 state resources but to provide industrial training for inmates of correc- 
 tional institutions of the state. 
 
 Employment of county prisoners and payment of earnings to 
 their families was provided for by N. J. law passed 1915. Wardens 
 of jails are instructed to give preference to men serving terms for non- 
 support. At Essex Co. jail in Newark, $3,000 or $4,000 have thus 
 been contributed to prisoners' families otherwise left destitute. Benefits 
 will increase as practice is further systematized. 
 
 Probation System: Probation and suspended sentence first introduced 
 by act of Legislature, April 2, 1906. Authorizes courts and magis- 
 trates to suspend sentence of persons convicted of criminal offenses, to 
 release them on probation and for such time and under such conditions 
 as the court determines instead of imposing penalty provided by the law. 
 Reformatory for Women, N. J. State: At Clinton Farms, Hunterdon 
 
32 THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 Co. Provided for by act of N. J. Legislature, 1910. Opened Jan., 
 1913. To which the criminal court judges may, at their discretion, 
 send females about the age of 1 7, who have committed a State Prison 
 offense. Aims to return women to a self-respecting, self-supporting life. 
 All commitments are for an indefinite term limited only by the maximum 
 period of imprisonment fixed by law. 
 
 Social Investigation: Investigation of social facts regarding prisoners 
 to be sentenced and circumstances attending Crime was begun in 1 908. 
 Made part of probation office work. No sentence is now passed by 
 Essex Co. Court judge until a written statement of all such facts has 
 been presented. Judge no longer tries to make the punishment fit the 
 crime but to make the punishment fit the prisoner and restore him to his 
 normal place in society. 
 
 Probation System See Delinquent Children: Prison Reform 
 
 Public Baths See Baths, Public 
 
 Public Comfort Station See Comfort Station, Public 
 
 Public Lectures See Lectures, Public 
 
 Public Schools See Schools, Public 
 
 Public Service Corporation of N. J.: Maintains gas, electric and rail- 
 way departments. Through its subsidiary companies it furnishes gas, 
 electric light and power, and street railway facilities to most of the 
 people of the state. 
 
 See also Public Service Terminal; Trolleys. 
 Public Service Terminal: Work on new Public Service Terminal, 
 Park PI., begun June 24, 1914. Opened for street railway opera- 
 tion, April 30, 1916. Cost, $5,000,000. Terminal arrangements 
 and tunnel system are President Thomas N. McCarter's solution of 
 Newark's traffic problem, especially at the "Four Corners". It is 
 estimated that 400 cars, carrying in both directions 50,000 people, 
 may pass in and out of the Terminal during one hour. 
 
 See also Trolleys. 
 
 Reformatory for Women, N. J. State See Prison Reform 
 
 *' Safety First" and the Schools: American Safety League gave talks 
 in all public schools, Feb., 1912, distributing blue and white buttons to 
 pupils as reminders of the organization in which they are enrolled. 
 
 N. J. Legislature passed a law that school children be instructed 
 in self protection and accident prevention, April 7, 1913. 
 
NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS 33 
 
 Complying with this law, N. J. Dept. of Public Instruction issued 
 a monograph for use in schools on "Dangers and Safeguards," Feb., 
 1915. Prepared in collaboration with Newark Bur. of Combustibles 
 and Fire Risks, Public Service Corporation, Employers' Liability Com- 
 mission and State Bd. of Health, teaches how fires may be prevented, 
 many street and railway accidents avoided, industrial workers safe- 
 guarded, diseases combated and first aid administered. 
 
 Law providing that no vehicle should travel at a greater speed 
 than six miles an hour when approaching a school house, provided signs 
 easily visible were placed on the highway, indicating school locations, 
 passed by N. J. Legislature, April 6, 1915. 
 
 Public Service Corporation furthered "Safety First" campaign by 
 talks in public and parochial schools. May, 1915. 
 
 Public School Safety Patrol established April, 1917. A mem- 
 ber of the city police force has charge of this work under attendance 
 department of Bd. of Education. Members are appointed each term 
 from students of upper grades in schools. A chief is chosen in each 
 school. The chief and other members take a pledge and each is fur- 
 nished with an arm band as emblem of authority. There are 50 girls 
 and 600 boys in the force. Duties: To prevent taking of unnecessary 
 risks by pupils in going to and returning from school ; To guard younger 
 children against traffic accidents and to prevent disorderly conduct 
 among school children on the street; To aid in keeping streets and side- 
 walks clean. 
 
 48% decrease from previous year in number of accidents by cars 
 to children going to and from school in Newark, Feb, -Sept., 1918, 
 credited to instruction by Safety League. 
 
 Scliooi Houses as Social Centers: Authorized by rules adopted by Bd. 
 of Education, Aug. 31, 1915, under act of N. J. Legislature, passed, 
 1913. First used as polling places in 191 7 primaries. 
 
 School Names Changed: 
 
 Alyea St. to Binet No. 3. 
 
 Ann St. " John Catlin. 
 
 Coes PI. " Binet No. 2. 
 
 Park Ave. " Dayton. 
 
 18th Ave. " Milford. 
 
 Elliot St. " Elliot. 
 
 15th Ave. " Moses Bigelow. 
 
 Hamburg PI. (Wilson Ave.) " Monteith. 
 
34 
 
 THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 Hawthorne Ave. 
 Lafayette St. 
 Madison St. 
 Miller St. 
 Montgomery St. 
 Morton St. 
 Newton St. 
 No. 7th St. 
 Oliver St. 
 Peshine Ave. 
 Ridge St. 
 7th Ave. 
 State St. 
 13th Ave. 
 Webster St. 
 
 Hawthorne. 
 
 Lafayette. 
 
 Madison, 
 
 Hamilton. 
 
 Montgomery. 
 
 Joseph E. Haynes. 
 
 Newton. 
 
 Garfield. 
 
 Carteret. 
 
 Berkeley. 
 
 Ridge. 
 
 McKinley. 
 
 Binet No. 1. 
 
 Robert Treat. 
 
 Webster. 
 
 School Savings Banks: Purpose: To inculcate and encourage thrift. 
 Essential features of plan: To have pupils themselves manage 
 banks' work as far as possible. 
 
 To organize a board of savings bank directors, appointed for each 
 school by its principal. 
 
 To place school accounts, over $1.00, with such Newark banks as 
 have endorsed the school bank plan. 
 
 To open individual accounts with the same banks for those pupils 
 who have deposited a sum that shall be thought sufficient and to require 
 that no sum be withdrawn without the parent's written consent. 
 
 1st bank established in East Side High School, March, 1915. 
 Randall Law, authorizing school savings banks, passed by N. J. 
 Legislature, Feb., 1916. 
 
 9 schools, now operating school banks: East Side High, Central 
 High, Abington Ave., Cleveland, Lafayette, Monteith, Newton St., 
 Warren St., Washington St. 
 
 Total to 
 July, 1918 
 $29,855.57 
 188.43 
 16,305.70 
 9,207.97 
 4,528.33 
 7.312 
 
 Deposits made 
 Interest credited 
 Transferred to local banks 
 Withdrawn by pupils 
 Balance in banks 
 No. of depositors 
 
 1917-18 
 
 $14,082.83 
 
 78.66 
 
 9,492.20 
 
 4,777.99 
 
 2,461 
 
NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS 
 
 35 
 
 Depositors closing accts. 
 Remaining depositors 
 
 I 
 
 19/9 
 14,741 
 
 229 
 
 9 
 
 31 
 
 26 
 
 1,847 2,529 
 4.783 
 
 Idea originated in Belgium. Introduced in U. S. in Beloit, Wis,, 
 1876. Permanently established in U. S. by John Henry Thiry, a 
 Belgian, 1885. Amount of school deposits in U. S., $5,000,000, 
 1915. 
 
 School Survey: Made by Bur. of Municipal Research under direction 
 of Essex Co. Public Welfare Committee and with approval of Bd. of 
 Education, 1914. 
 
 Schools, Parochial: 
 
 1904 
 
 Total number of pupils enrolled 7,202 
 Teaching force: 
 
 Sisters 1 1 4 
 
 Brothers 8 
 
 Lay Teachers 14 
 
 Number of schools 21 
 
 Rev. John A. Dillon was appointed superintendent of schools for the 
 Diocese of Newark, January 2nd, 1910. 
 
 Schools, Public: 
 
 19L 
 Total number of pupils enrolled 4 
 High school enrollment 
 Evening school enrollment 
 Summer school enrollment ( 1 904) 
 Teaching force (day schools) 
 Number of schools 
 Number of high schools 
 
 Number of evening schools 
 
 Number of summer schools (1904) 
 Dr. David B. Corson was elected superintendent July 1, 1918, to 
 succeed Dr. Addison B. Poland, city superintendent from 1901 until 
 his death, Sept. 15, 1917. 
 
 See also under name of subject. All- Year School, etc. 
 
 Shade Tree Commission: Organized, 1904. Composed of three 
 members, residents, appointed by mayor to serve without compensation. 
 
 }3-04 
 
 1918-19 
 
 3,742 
 
 75,461 
 
 1,264 
 
 5.398 
 
 7,377 
 
 12,100 
 
 8,546 
 
 19,199 (1919) 
 
 967 
 
 2,071 
 
 56 
 
 69 
 
 1 
 
 4-Senior 
 
 
 3-Junior 
 
 15 
 
 23 
 
 15 
 
 34 (1919) 
 
36 THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 Charged ( 1 ) with planting, care, protection and maintenance of street 
 
 trees. (2) with care, maintenance and improvement of the parks. 
 
 Under commission government, known as Shade Tree Div. of Dept. of 
 
 Parks and Pubhc Property. 
 
 1904 1918 
 
 Shade trees on highways 36,800 66,000 
 
 Shade trees set out 750 30,580 
 
 Trees sprayed against insect enemies by Shade Tree Commission as 
 part of its routine work at request of property owners, without charge. 
 Cost of spraying, about 1 5 cents a tree. 
 
 Trees are planted along streets where more shade seems to the 
 Commission desirable. Property owner in front of whose property tree 
 is placed assessed for the cost of the tree and planting, recently averag- 
 ing about $5 a tree. Called "assessment planting". Assessment col- 
 lected as are other taxes. When owners ask to have trees planted on 
 their property, expense is met by bill rendered to owner. Price varies 
 with size of tree, but averages $5. Called "request planting". 
 
 See also Parks, City; Parkways. 
 
 Shipbuilding: Since Sept., 1917, the Submarine Boat Corporation at 
 Port Newark has equipped, set in motion and run at high speed a plant 
 covering 1 13 acres and requiring the services of 15,000 workers. 
 
 By July 31, 1919, 63 boats had been launched. 
 
 "Agawam", the first modern steamship built by the company, was 
 launched at Port Newark, May 30, 1918. 
 
 See also Port Newark Terminal. 
 
 Ship Yard Worf^ers, Evening Classes for: Established by Bd. of Edu- 
 cation, Jan. 2, 1919, at Robert Treat, Central, East Side and Bergen 
 St. High Schools, Boys' Vocational School and Fawcett School of 
 Industrial Arts. 
 
 Smoke Abatement Department: Established, 1907, to prevent un- 
 healthful and unsightly clouds of dense smoke and soot. Under com- 
 mission government, a division of the Dept. of Parks and Public 
 Property. 
 
 Social Service Survey: Searching investigation of population, municipal 
 administration, social influences, industrial conditions, community prob- 
 lems — saloons, dance halls, crime, housing, health, political life, — and 
 public and private charities. Made by John P. Fox for Men and 
 Religion Forward Movement. Oct. 2 1 -Dec. 7, 1911. Limited 
 edition of typed copies. 
 
NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS 37 
 
 Statues and Monuments: (For list complete to 1914, see Bd. of Edu- 
 cation Leaflet No. 31, Sculpture and Stone Carving in Newark.) 
 
 Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy. Bronze bust erected in Branch 
 Brook Park on promenade in front of Barringer High School. By 
 J. M. Didusch. First prize awarded to United Singers of Newark at 
 twentieth National Saengerfest, Baltimore, Md., 1903, and presented 
 by them to the city. Erected, May 22, 1904. 
 
 Robert F. Ballantine. Bronze bas-relief. In Eye and Ear In- 
 firmary, Central Ave. By Jonathan Scott Harley. Unveiled June, 
 1906. 
 
 Liberty Pole erected in 1 793 in Military Park, replaced by 
 present iron mast, 1 1 2 feet high ; dedicated Thanksgiving Day, 1 906. 
 
 Court House Statutes. 8 marble figures symbolizing aspects of 
 Law on front of building and 2 heroic bronze figures representing Power 
 and Truth beside the steps. By Andrew O'Connor, Jr. Court house 
 erected in 1907. 
 
 Mgr. George Hobart Doane, for fifty years rector of St. Patrick's 
 Cathedral. Bronze statue in Rector Park, opposite Trinity Church. 
 By William C. Noble. Erected by popular subscription. Unveiled, 
 Jan. 9, 1908. 
 
 Wisdom instructing the Children of Men. High relief in bronze 
 over entrance of Free Public Library. By John Flanagan. Subscrip- 
 tions raised by Mgr. Doane. Placed, May, 1 909. 
 
 Abraham Lincoln. Bronze statue. By Gutzon Borglum. On 
 Court House plaza, where Newark citizens of 1861 met and pledged 
 themselves to help preserve the Union. Bequest of Amos H. Van 
 Horn, citizen of Newark, soldier in the Union army, and member of the 
 Lincoln Post, G. A. R. Dedicated by surviving members of the Post. 
 Tendered to the city by Ex-President Theodore Roosevelt and unveiled 
 Memorial Day, 1911. 
 
 George Washington. Bronze equestrian statue in Washington 
 Park. By J. Massey Rhind. Bequest of Amos H. Van Horn. 
 Unveiled, Nov. 2, 1912. 
 
 John F. Dryden, founder of the Prudential Insurance Co. and 
 pioneer of industrial insurance in America. Bronze statue, a third 
 mpre than life size, called heroic, in rotunda of main Prudential build- 
 ing. By Karl Bitter. Given by field and home office force. Un- 
 veiled, Sept. 24, 1913. 
 
 Normal School, Grotesques. Eight decorative figures representing 
 
38 THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 Mathematics, Study, Botany, Thought, Chemistry, Writing, Music, 
 History. By G. Grandelis. Placed around cornice. Aug., 1912. 
 
 "The Hiker". Bronze statue in memory of Spanish-American 
 War soldiers, at Clinton and Belmont Aves. By Allen G. Newman. 
 Given by United Spanish War Veterans. Unveiled, Memorial Day, 
 1914. 
 
 "Our Lady of Loretto", limestone statue, on 3d story front of 
 Loretto Hall, hotel for working girls, on Belleville Ave., near 4th 
 Ave. By Alfred Kenney. Given by Rev. F. M. O'Neil, of St. 
 Michael's Church. Placed, Aug. 31, 1915. 
 
 Branford Place Shaft. To mark center of first settlement near 
 first church, college and court house. Shaft for street illumination, with 
 bronze tablets on isle of safety, Branford Place. By Gutzon Borglum. 
 Erected by 250th Anniversary Committee of One Hundred. Un- 
 veiled, May 10, 1916. 
 
 Colleoni. Full-sized reproduction in bronze and marble of the 
 world's most famous equestrian statue and pedestal of Bartolommeo 
 Colleoni, by Verrocchio, the original of which stands in Venice. 
 Erected in Clinton Park, opposite Lincoln Park. Given by Christian 
 W. Feigenspan. Made under direction of J. Massey Rhind. Un- 
 veiling, July 26, 1916, a feature of the 250th Anniversary celebration. 
 
 Puritans' Landing Place. Drinking fountain at foot of Saybrook 
 Place. Designed by Gutzon Borglum. Erected by 250th Anniversary 
 Committee of One Hundred. Unveiled May 10, 1916. 
 
 Puritan and Indian. Bronze shaft for street illumination, with 
 stone figures of Indian and Puritan at base, site of old Market Place, 
 Broad St. at Bridge. By Gutzon Borglum. Erected by 250th Anni- 
 versary Committee of One Hundred. Unveiled May 10, 1916. 
 
 Stone seat in Military Park to mark Training Place site, set aside 
 in 1 669. Military Park was used for training soldiers in colonial days. 
 Given by N. J. Daughters of the Revolution. Unveiled, May 1 3, 
 1916. 
 
 Street Names Changed: During war period, 1917-18. 
 Hamburg PL to Wilson Ave. 
 Bismarck Ave. to Pershing Ave. 
 Dresden St. to London St. 
 Bremen St. to Marne St. 
 Berlin St. to Rome St. 
 Frankfort St. to Paris St. 
 
NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS 39 
 
 Street Paving: Market St. repaved with bitulithic pavement from 
 Court House to Pennsylvania Railroad Station. Paved from Railroad 
 PI. to Broad St., in 191 1. Paved from Broad St. west to Pierson's 
 Alley and work completed, June 29, 1 91 2. 
 
 Broad St. repaved with wood block from Belleville Ave. to 
 South St. Work begun June, 1914. Completed, Oct. 5, 1914. 
 
 Total mileage of paved streets, Jan. 1, 1904, 151.17 miles. 
 " " " " Jan. 1, 1919, 269.22 miles. 
 
 Activities, Repair Dept., 1904 
 Repairs to bridges $ 1,106.54 
 
 Supervision of sidewalks 846.00 
 
 Repairs to crosswalks 2,910.98 
 
 Repairs to pavements other than asphalt 9,1 79.06 
 
 Asphalt pavement repairs 5,915.64 
 
 $ 19,958.22 
 
 Activities, Repair Dept., 1918 
 
 Granite pavements repaired, 21,908 sq. yds. $ 18,314.57 
 
 Brick pavement repaired, 5,755 sq. yds. 8,283.08 
 
 Telford pavement repaired, 21, 897 sq. yds. 7,517.57 
 
 Wood block pavement repaired, 529 sq yds. 1,054.54 
 
 Asphalt pavement repaired, 37,970 sq, yds. 80,199.69 
 
 Building safety isles 1,228.79 
 Stone crusher, producing 1 ,225 cu. yds. broken stone 1 ,826.62 
 
 Cross walks laid and relaid 1,537.62 
 
 Streets graded by hand 1,252.39 
 
 Repairing roads with broken stone 9,247.23 
 
 Miscellaneous repairs 20,864.06 
 
 $151,326.16 
 
 Sidewalks, 1918 
 Cost of supervision $ 2,612.00 
 
 Cost of work done under city contract 334.77 
 
 $ 2,946.77 
 
 On account of war conditions little work was ordered by city. 
 Property owners under city supervision laid walks costing about $1 5,000. 
 
40 THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 Summer High Schools: Opened at Barringer High School, 1914, 
 with 947 students. 1st and 2nd year classes only. 1915, full 4 
 year course introduced. 1919 enrollment, 1,520 students, with 800 at 
 Central High School and 720 at Barringer. 
 
 Surveys: See Boys' Vocational School; Poor and Alms Department 
 and Almshouse Survey; Public School Survey; Social Service Survey. 
 
 Tablets, Memorial: (The tablets noted as given by Schoolmen's Club 
 were after first year purchased from a penny fund collected from school 
 children, but were erected under direction of the Club.) 
 
 Gen. Philip Kearny, for service rendered Italian nation, 1859, 
 when he fought with forces that drove Austria from the peninsula. 
 Placed on Kearny statue in Military Park. Given by Italians in 
 Newark, Memorial Day, 1911. 
 
 John Catlin, Newark's first schoolmaster. Placed at Broad and 
 Commerce Sts., where he opened his first school in 1876. Given by 
 Schoolmen's Club. Unveiled, Newark Day, Nov. 6, 1911. 
 
 Gen. Philip Kearny, New Jersey leader in the Civil War. Placed 
 on Normal School (built on site of Kearny homestead), Belleville and 
 4th Aves., 1912. Given by Bd. of Education. 
 
 Robert Treat, founder of Newark. Placed on Kinney building, 
 on site of Robert Treat's home lot, at Broad and Market Sts., by 
 Schoolmen's Club. Unveiled, Newark Day, Nov. 4, 1912. 
 
 John G. Shea, Catholic historian. Placed on St. Patricks' Cathe- 
 dral by Knights of Columbus, Columbus Day, 1912. 
 
 Camp Frelinghuysen, used by the Union volunteers in 1861. Set 
 m boulder in Branch Brook Park nearly opposite Barringer High 
 School, on west side of lake, for lack of suitable spot on actual site 
 of original training quarters, which extended west of park from Lack- 
 awanna Railroad toward Bloomfield Ave. Given by pupils of Bar- 
 ringer High School. Unveiled, May 29, 1912. 
 
 Elias G. Heller, who built first schoolhouse in Forest Hill. Placed 
 in Ridge St. School. Given by his sons. Unveiled, Feb. 11, 1913. 
 
 First Meeting House, built in 1 668. Placed on building on 
 south side of Branford PI., near Broad St. Given by Schoolmen's 
 Club. Unveiled, Newark Day, Nov. 3, 1913. 
 
 First Sunday School, founded by Anna Richards, 1814. 
 Placed by First Presbyterian Church, on exterior wall of Sunday 
 School building, So. Broad St., opp. Branford PI. To mark centen- 
 nial of school's founding. Dedicated, June Sunday, June 13, 1915. 
 
NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS 41 
 
 Work of Jane E. Johnson in Newark schools. Placed in Normal 
 School, Belleville and 4th Aves. Given by Nathaniel King, of Bd. of 
 Education, May 13, 1914. 
 
 Washington's route from Philadelphia to Cambridge in 1775, to 
 take command of Continental Army. Placed on Firemen's building, 
 Broad and Market Sts., June 25, 1914. Given by N. J. Sons of 
 the American Revolution. 
 
 Hannibal Goodwin, inventor of photographic film and Newark 
 clergyman. Placed in Public Library corridor by Newark Camera 
 Club. Nov. 28, 1914. 
 
 Washington's retreat in 1 776. Placed on Trinity Churqh by 
 N. J. Sons of American Revolution, March 7, 1914. 
 
 Newark's part in War for American Independence. Placed on 
 Prudential Building by Schoolmen's Club, Flag Day, 1915. 
 
 Rev. Moses Newell Combs, pioneer in industrial education and 
 first shoe manufacturer in Newark. Dedicated, Newark Day, Nov. 1 , 
 1915, and placed on building at 75 Market St., by Schoolmen's Club, 
 March 10, 1916. 
 
 Aaron Burr's parsonage, where first classes of College of New 
 Jersey, now Princeton University, were held, 1748-1756. Placed on 
 Koenig building. Broad and William Sts., by Princeton Club, May 10, 
 l916. 
 
 Revolutionary camping ground, in Phillips Park. Set in a 
 boulder from Fox Hill. Given by N. J. Daughters of American 
 Revolution, May 19, 1916. 
 
 Site of first academy in city built in 1 774 by gifts of citizens. 
 Set in boulder in Washington Park. Given by Newark Academy. 
 Placed, July 19, 1916. Dedicated the following fall. 
 
 Col. Peter Schuyler, leader of "Jersey Blues". Set in boulder 
 in Military Park. Given by N. J. Society of the Order of the 
 Founders and Patriots of America. Unveiled, Flag Day, 1916. 
 
 Justice Joseph Hedden, Revolutionary martyr. Placed on build- 
 ing at 536 Broad St., site of Hedden Colonial home. Given by Bar- 
 ringer High School students. Unveiled, May 25, 1916. 
 
 Divident Hill in Weequahic Park, where boundary between New- 
 ark and Elizabeth was fixed in 1 668. Placed on exterior of small 
 marble building. Given by pupils of South Side High School. Un- 
 veiled May 20, 1916. 
 
 Spot where Lincoln spoke on journey to his inauguration in 1 86 1 . 
 
42 
 
 THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 Placed at Broad and Division Sts., by Schoolmen's Club. Unveiled, 
 Newark Day, Nov. 6, 1916. 
 
 Nevk^ark founders who were Congregationalists. Placed in First 
 Congregational Jube Memorial Church, Clinton Ave. and Wright St., 
 by its members. May 10, 1916. 
 
 Participation of Newark men in the European war. Placed on 
 City Hall by Schoolmen's Club, Newark Day, Nov. 5, 1917, 
 
 Barringer boys who gave their services to their country in the great 
 world war. Given and placed in Barringer High School auditorium by 
 pupils, alumni and teachers of the school. Unveiled, Memorial Day, 
 1919. 
 
 Technical School: Given right to grant its graduates collegiate de- 
 grees in science, Jan. 4, 1919. Name changed to College of Tech- 
 nology. 
 
 Telephones: 
 
 Instruments in use 
 Local calls, 1905 
 Out of town calls, 1 905 
 
 1904 
 8,935 
 11,387,490 
 1,591,785 
 
 1918 
 41,567 
 39,797,745 
 7,858,685 
 
 Trade, Board of: Unofficial organization; present membership, 1 ,500; 
 established, 1 868, to promote industrial, commercial and financial wel- 
 fare of Newark. 
 
 The following summary by the board, represents their interests 
 during the past fifteen years: 
 
 1 904. Advocated legislation which created Tenement House Com- 
 
 mission. 
 
 1905. Started agitation for building of Central High School. 
 Obtained appropriation for 1 2 ft. depth in Passaic River. 
 
 I 906. Advocated law limiting public franchise rights to 25 years. 
 
 1907. Brought about creation of Bur. of Combustibles and Fire 
 
 Risks. 
 
 1 908. Obtained extension of high pressure system. 
 
 1 909. Caused city to start a public bath house system, by establish- 
 
 ing one. 
 Caused city to start a municipal employment bureau. 
 
 1910. Obtained medical inspection in public schools. 
 
NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS 43 
 
 1911. Started agitation for improvement of Plank Road, later carried 
 
 out. 
 
 1912. Held successful Industrial Elxposition. 
 Lighterage case begun by Board. 
 
 Directory of "Newark Made Goods", published at cost of 
 $10,000. 
 
 1913. Brought about establishing of Federal Court in Newark. 
 Influence of Board used to establish Public Service Terminal. 
 New Jersey sea-level ship canal advocated. 
 
 1914. Opposed purchase of East Jersey Water Plant, and ad- 
 
 vocated Wanaque extension. 
 Opposed placing Newark in the Philadelphia Regional Bank 
 
 Zone. 
 Filed complaint against detrimental credit loan companies. 
 
 1915. Favored excess condemnation. 
 
 Filed formal complaint in lighterage case. 
 
 Protested against increase in Ferry tolls on Hudson River. 
 
 1916. Opposed site proposed for Memorial building. Held a suc- 
 
 cessful "Buy-in-Newark Week". 
 Started agitation for safety isles in Broad St. 
 
 1917. Had bill introduced in the U. S. Senate providing for de- 
 
 pendents of soldiers. 
 Favored connection of Hudson and Manhattan and Public 
 
 Service Railway lines. 
 Obtained $ 1 0,000 appropriation from Board of Freeholders 
 
 for surveys for vehicular tunnels under Hudson. 
 Created sentiment for Commission government. 
 
 1918. Sought government aid in providing homes for • industrial 
 
 workers. 
 Outlined an industrial labor policy. 
 
 Transportation See Hudson and Manhattan Tubes; Jitneys; Lincoln 
 Highway; Public Service Terminal; Trolleys 
 
 Trees, Memorial: Doane Oak. Planted in Lincoln Park by Shade 
 Tree Commission, 1907. In memory of Mgr. George Hobart Doane 
 (1830-1905), rector of St. Patrick's Cathedral, and one of the most 
 widely knovvm Catholic ecclesiastics in the country. 
 
 Lincoln Highway Sycamores. 40, set out on Lincoln Highway, 
 near Plank Road Bridge, April, 1917, by N. J. State Federation of 
 Women's Clubs. 
 
44 THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 State Federation of Women's Clubs Sycamore. Planted on City 
 Flail Plaza in honor of Federation, by The Contemporary, April, 1917. 
 
 Roosevelt Oak. Planted by Boy Scouts in Washington Park, 
 May 3, 1919. In memory of Theodore Roosevelt, president of U. S., 
 Sept. 14, 1901-1909. Born, Oct. 27, 1858. Died, Jan. 6, 1919. 
 
 Trolleys : 
 
 1904 1918 
 
 Essex Division 
 
 (Includes Essex Co. & West 
 Hudson towTis) 
 Miles of tracks 198.2 227.2 
 
 No. of cars 362 658* 
 
 Passengers carried 88,215,000 174,154,820 
 
 *A11 cars put in service during last ten years were much larger than those 
 formerly used. 
 
 Opening of new trolley terminal April 30, 1916, one of the most 
 important improvements in system since Corporation was formed in 1 903. 
 See also Public Service Terminal. 
 
 Women first employed as conductors, 1918. War measure due 
 to labor shortage. 
 
 Skip-stops instituted at request of national and state fuel adminis- 
 trators, April 1 , 1918. Another war measure. 
 
 Port Newark route to and from Submarine Boat Corporation, first 
 operated, Sept. 1918. 
 
 Strike of motormen and conductors for increased wages called 
 June 6, 1918. Arbitrated by National Labor Bd. Service resumed 
 June 8. Second strike, March 12-17, 1919. 
 
 Transfer charge in addition to 5 cent fare first authorized April 1 , 
 1918. 7 cent fare raise effective, October 15, 1918. Reduction to 
 6 cents with 1 cent extra charge for transfer, April 1, 1919. 7 cent 
 fare with 1 cent extra charge for transfer restored. May 4, 1919. 
 
 Tuberculosis, Campaign Against: State Tuberculosis Sanatorium at 
 Glen Gardner, Hunterdon Co., provided for by act of N. J. Legisla- 
 ture, 1902. Building completed, 1907. Cost, $300,000. $89,500 
 appropriated for new buildings, 1912. 
 
 City Sanatorium for Incipient Tuberculosis, Verona, was opened 
 Jan., 1908, in the remodelled girl's cottage of the City Home, which 
 had been discarded for that use. 
 
NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS 45 
 
 Newark Anti-Tuberculosis Assoc, 45 Clinton St., established 
 Feb. 1 , 1 909. To educate public concerning prevention and treat- 
 ment. Employs nurses to visit patients discharged from state home at 
 Glen Gardner. 
 
 Tuberculosis Dept. of Essex Co. Hospital for Contagious Diseases 
 at Soho, was opened May, 1911. 
 
 N. J. Anti-Tuberculosis League, 45 Clinton St., organized Oct. 
 16, 1913, to take place of former state association. A clearing house 
 of information, publicity bureau, education, aid, etc. 
 
 Bur. of Tuberculosis, established as separate department of the 
 Newark Bd. of Health, July, 1915, has reorganized city sanatorium, 
 maintains additional clinics and investigates housing conditions. 
 
 Tunnels See Hudson and Manhattan Tubes; Vehicular Tunnel 
 
 250th Anniversary: The first settlers, led by Robert Treat, came to 
 Newark from Connecticut, May 17, 1666. In 1916, from May 1 to 
 Oct. 31, the city celebrated its 250th birthday with a succession of 
 ceremonies and festivities. 
 
 Preliminary plans were laid in 1914, when the N. J. Legislature 
 approved an act, March 9, providing for such a celebration. In accord- 
 ance with this act, and by authority granted under an ordinance of the 
 Common Council, Mayor Haussling, in the summer of the same year, 
 appointed the Committee of One Hundred to raise money and plan, 
 through its sub-committees, for the anniversary program. 
 
 Newark and the forthcoming celebration became subjects of 
 national interest and importance. Thousands of people from all over 
 the country entered competitions for the best posters and poems, sym- 
 bolizing the city's history and industrial progress. The competitions 
 resulted in the spread of information about Newark and brought recog- 
 nition of the city's standing. 
 
 The most notable single feature of the anniversary was the Pageant 
 of Newark, an historic and allegorical review of the growth of the 
 city, presented in Weequahic Park. 
 
 TTiere were innumerable parades, of which none was more pleas- 
 ing to the spectators, or more creditable to the city, than the School 
 Children's Parade, June 6. 
 
 Annual or recurrent events like the Music Festival and Industrial 
 Exposition were included in the anniversary program and made partic- 
 ularly attractive. 
 
 230 athletes from all parts of the United States and Canada 
 
46 THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 participated in the athletic events held at Weequahic Park, September 
 8, 9 and I 6, and succeeded in breaking six world records. The Ninth 
 International Fly and Bait Casting Tournament, held in Newark, Aug. 
 23-26, was likewise a great success. Athletic meets of all kinds were 
 the order of the summer months. 
 
 As was natural, Newark became the popular convention city for 
 1916, all manner of organizations being glad to avail themselves of the 
 special attractions offered their members. 
 
 250th Anniversary^ Competitions: 
 
 i . Street & Building Decorations. Committee of 1 00 offered 
 $500 for best plan submitted. Won by Jordan Green, architect, 81 
 Lmcoln Park, Newark. 
 
 2. Poetry. Poems on Newark and its 250th Anniversary. 
 Committee of 100 offered $250, 1st prize; $150, 2nd; $100 3rd; 10 
 prizes of $50 each. 1 st prize, Clement Wood (Vulcan Smith, pseud.) , 
 New York City, "Smithy of God". 2nd prize, Anna Blake Mez- 
 quida (Anne Grinfill, pseud.), San Francisco, Cal., "City of Herit- 
 age". 3rd prize, Albert E. Trombly (Edmond St. Hilaire, pseud.), 
 Philadelphia, Pa., "Newark — 1916". These poems and many others 
 have since been collected in a volume entitled, "Newark Anniversary 
 Poems". Published, 1917. Price, $1.25. 
 
 3. Poster. Committee of 1 00 offered $ 1 ,000, I st prize ; $500, 
 2nd; $300, Special, awarded by popular vote. 1st prize won by 
 Adolph Treidler, New York City, "Robert Treat directing the landing 
 of settlers in Newark" ; 2nd, won by Helen Dryden, of New York 
 City; Special, won by E. A. Foringer, of Grantwood, N. J. 
 
 4. New York Times Essay on Newark History. Open to pupils 
 in public, private and parochial schools. $10 selection of books, prize 
 for high school winners ; Tiffany silver medals, prizes for grade school 
 winners. 1 ,000 prizes awarded. 
 
 5. Photography. Newark Camera Club conducted "Amateur 
 Photographic Contest and Exhibition". Grand prize for best picture 
 of entire exhibit, solid silver loving cup, donated by Franklin Murphy, 
 Chairman of Committee of 100; 4 gold and 4 silver medals as first 
 and second awards for pictures in four classes — Class A, Street Decora- 
 tions and Parades; Class B, Night Illuminations; Class C, Feigenspan 
 Colleoni Statue; Class D, Miscellaneous. Grand prize won by Edward 
 J. Brown, member of the Club. Class A, 1 st prize, Edward J. Brown; 
 2nd, Peter J. Schweikert; Class B, 1st prize, Edward J. Brown; 2nd, 
 
NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS 47 
 
 George Hahn, Jr.; Class C, 1st prize, Reuben B. Ashderian; 2nd, 
 George Hahn, Jr. ; Class D, 1 st prize, Alfred R. Jayson ; 2nd, Edward 
 J. Brown. 
 
 6. Emblem. Committee of 100 offered $50, 1st prize; $30, 
 2nd; $20, 3rd. Open to pupils of all schools in Newark. 
 
 7. City Flag. Committee of 100 offered $100 prize. Open 
 to any resident of N. J. 
 
 250th Anniversary Industrial Exposition See Exhibitions 
 250th Anniversary) Music Festival See Music Festival, 1916 
 250th Anniversary Notable Parades: Opening day. May 1, 1916, at 
 1 a. m. Local National Guard, Boy Scouts and other organizations, 
 with Gen. Edwin C. Hine, commanding. 
 
 Founder's Day, May 1 7, 191 6. at 2 p. m. N. J. National 
 Guard, civic organizations and fraternal bodies. 
 
 School Children's, June 6, 1 91 6, at 2 p. m. 1 1,000 public and 
 4,000 parochial school children. Time, 3'/2 hours. Included 22 
 historical and symbolic floats, 23 bands, 12 life and drum corps. 
 250th Anniversary Pageant: Pageant of Newark by Thomas Wood 
 Stevens. 
 
 4,000 performers. 
 
 Given May 30, 31, June 1 , 2, 191 6, at 8 p. m., in Weequahic 
 Park. Seating accommodations for 40,000, including 20,000 free 
 seats. Attended by the greatest crowds ever handled by police depart- 
 ment. 
 
 Prologue showed the passing of the explorers Cabot, Verrazano, 
 Hudson, and the Peace Legend of the original Indians of N. J. 
 
 1 st to 3rd Movements showed landing of Robert Treat, purchase 
 of land, land riots of 1 746, revolutionary times. Marquis de Lafayette's 
 visit, first signs of industrial growth, and Lincoln's visit. 
 
 4th Movement was symbolic of the forces which have shaped the 
 life of the city. 
 
 Music composed for this occasion by Henry C. Hadley. 
 
 250th Anniversary School Work Exhibit See Exhibitions 
 Ungraded Schools See Delinquent Children 
 
No. 
 
 Value 
 
 Gardens 
 
 Crop 
 
 175 
 
 $ 4,200 
 
 375 
 
 10,600 
 
 3.288 
 
 114,572 
 
 4,000 
 
 135,000 
 
 48 THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 Vacant Lot Cultivation: 
 
 Acres Acres 
 
 Available Cultivated 
 
 1915 550 10 
 
 1916 550 22 
 
 1917 540 193 
 
 1918 540 225 
 1918. 18,000 backyard gardens, 20'x25', also cultivated, with total 
 value of crop, $180,000. 23 school garden plots planted and cared Tor 
 by pupils in manual training, physical culture and science classes. This 
 work is carried on by the Vacant Lot Assoc. 
 
 Vailsburg: Annexed, Jan. 1, 1905. Area thus added, 885.1 acres 
 or 1 .383 sq. miles. 
 
 Vehicular Tunnel: Act giving power to the N. J. Inter-State Bridge 
 and Tunnel Commission, acting jointly with the N. Y. Commission, for 
 construction and operation of a tunnel for vehicular traffic under the 
 Hudson River, from New York to Jersey City, passed by both N. Y. 
 and N. J. Legislatures, 1919. ^ 
 
 By this means traffic congestion will be relieved, difficulties of fog 
 and ice overcome to a great extent, freight handled more cheaply and 
 mails expedited. Interstate freight traffic will no longer be entirely 
 dependent on ferry and barge service, as was the case during the harbor 
 strike in the winter of 1918. 
 
 Gen. Goethals, builder of the Panama Canal, has estimated that 
 a tunnel wide enough to allow 3 trucks to travel side by side and pro- 
 viding for a foot path will cost $12,000,000. Maintenance will 
 amount to about $125,000 annually. About 2 years will be required 
 for construction. 
 
 As U. S. Congress has voted against federal aid, the expense will 
 be met jointly by New York and New Jersey. 
 
 Venereal Diseases, Bureau of — Board of Health: Established July, 
 1918. Clinics already in operation were developed, attendants and 
 nurses appointed. 
 
 Vocational Schools See Boys' Vocational School; Girls' Vocational 
 School; Technical School 
 
NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS 49 
 
 IVag&s: Comparison as illustrated by 7 important trades. These 
 figures for Newark drawn from U. S. Bur. of Labor Statistics: 
 
 1904 19/4 1918 
 
 Bricklayer 
 
 Hours per week 
 
 Wages p)er hour 
 Carpenter 
 
 Hours per week 
 
 Wages i>er hour 
 Machinist 
 
 Hours per week 
 
 Wages per hour 
 Moulder 
 
 Hours per week 
 
 Wages per hour 
 Pattern maker 
 
 Hours per week 
 
 Wages per hour 
 Painter 
 
 Hours per week 
 
 Wages per hour 
 Plumber 
 
 Hours per week 
 
 Wages per hour 
 
 War, The — Military Organizations: Local enlistments are estimated: 
 Army, 9,000; Navy, 4,000; Marines, 250. 
 9,591 Newark men, 21-31 years of age, were called for service 
 between April, 1917, and Sept., 1918, under first draft. 
 
 59,937 Newark men, 18-45 years of age, were registered for 
 second draft, Sept. 12, 1918= 
 
 Casualties: (Unofficial record) Killed 120 
 
 Died from wounds 53 
 
 Died from disease 65 
 
 Died from other causes I 7 
 
 Wounded 870 
 
 Missing 2 7 
 
 1.152 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 $.58 
 
 $.65 
 
 $.75 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 $.41 
 
 $.50 
 
 $.70 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 50 
 
 $.29 
 
 $.36 
 
 $.45 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 $.33 
 
 $.38 
 
 $.55 
 
 54 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 
 $.39 
 
 $.49 
 
 $.75 
 
 48 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 $.36 
 
 $.44 
 
 $.62 
 
 48 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 $.44 
 
 $.62 
 
 $.75 
 
50 THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 War, The — Relief Organizations: The following organizations, and 
 many others, did war work of all kinds. 
 
 American Red Cross 
 
 Y. M. C. A. 
 
 Y. W. C. A. 
 
 Knights of Columbus. 
 
 Jewish Welfare Board. 
 
 Salvation Army. 
 
 War Camp Community Service. 
 
 U. S. Food Administration. 
 
 U. S, Fuel Administration. 
 
 National League for Women's Service. 
 
 Red Cross Motor Corps. 
 
 National Service Motor Corps. 
 
 Woman's Motor Corps of America. 
 
 Catholic Women's Committee. 
 
 Contemporary Civics Committee. 
 
 Woman's Volunteer Service League (colored). 
 
 Junior Red Cross. 
 
 Girl's Patriotic League. 
 
 War, The — Financial Support: Every Newark drive for war work 
 funds and liberty loans was over-subscribed: 
 Liberty Loans: 
 
 Newark's Quota Raised 
 
 1st May 15-June 15, 1917 $20,670,000 $23,054,300 
 
 2nd Oct. 1-Nov. 1, 1917 31,005,000 36,728,450 
 
 3rd Apr. 26-May 4, 1918 18,876,100 31,298,500 
 
 4th Sept. 28-Oct. 19,1918 38, 1 98,200 60, 1 30,450 
 
 5th Apr. 21 -May 10, 1919 31,225,900 41,383.450 
 Red Cross: 
 
 1st drive, June 18-25, 1917 750,000 784,570 
 
 2nd" May 20-27, 1918 750,000 1,325,000 
 United War Work Drive, 
 
 Nov. 11-21, 1918 1,000,000 1,051.752 
 
 War, The — Industrial Aspect: It is impossible to get figures covering 
 Newark alone. There were 4 munition plants, 3 plants making uni- 
 forms. 1 making chemicals, 3 making military airplanes and one mak- 
 ing ships. Some indication of the extent of the activity induced by 
 the war is indicated by the number of applications received by federal 
 
NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS 51 
 
 — state — municipal employment bureau. In 1917, there were 47,022, 
 in 1918 there were 94,830, an increase of over 101%. The following 
 table for N. J. is included to show the great part taken by the state in 
 war industries. 
 
 Stock & 
 Capital Material Goods Made Wages 
 
 High explosives 
 
 1914 $13,489,358 $ 7,677,803 $ 14,330,232 $ 1,517,425 
 1917 55,316,876 37,548,303 245,816,880 24,041,236 
 
 Munitions 
 
 1914 1,158,639 1,136,331 1,813,898 338,440 
 1917 25,450,672 35,924,958 47,055,229 9,688,348 
 
 Shipbuilding 
 
 1914 34,286,142 4,851,539 10,475,245 4,714,375 
 1917 57,300,609 24,944,468 39,738,072 14,920.054 
 
 Employees Average salary earnings 
 
 High explosives, 1914 2,156 $ 703.81 
 
 1917 21,153 1,136.54 
 
 Munitions 1914 609 555.73 
 
 1917 14,623 662.54 
 
 Shipbuilding 1914 6,014 783.90 
 
 1917 11,545 1,292.34 
 
 Over 50% of all the military explosives produced in the U. S, 
 were made in N. J. 
 
 War, The — Public School Activities: Over a million dollars' worth 
 of liberty bonds were sold, and over a quarter of a million dollars' 
 worth of thrift stamps. 
 
 Nearly $100,000 were contributed to the various auxiliary causes, 
 such as Surgical dressings, Armenian and Syrian relief, Y. M. C. A. 
 and War Camp Community Service. 
 
 TTiere were 35 Junior Red Cross organizations in schools; over 
 twenty thousand articles were made for the Red Cross by domestic art 
 classes; 3,000 cards of cotton wound; and 5,000 button holes made. 
 
 3,500 pupils enrolled in the Home Garden division of the Junior 
 Industrial Army. 
 
 2,300 home gardens and 21 school gardens were cultivated. 
 
 Many thousand magazines were collected in the schools and 
 
52 THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 20,000 text books not needed in the schools, were given to the soldiers 
 through the Public Library. 
 
 71 pupils and 26 teachers enlisted in the army and navy or other 
 branches of war service. 
 
 War, The— Library Service: From Sept. 1, 191 7 to July 30, 1919. | 
 41,575 books and 201,842 magazines were collected by the Public 
 Library, for the army and navy. Of these 40,705 books and 42,1 75 
 magazines were sent in over one hundred shipments, to 36 different 
 camps, hospitals and other military posts in N. J. For example, 6, 1 06 
 books went to Camp Merritt; 1,560 to A. L. A. Dispatch Office at 
 Hoboken for Transport Service; 842 to Port Newark; 9,597 to Camp 
 Dix, and over 1,500 each to Cape May Naval Training Station, Fort 
 Hancock, Camp Morgan and Camp Vail. The proceeds of the sale 
 of magazines, etc., not wanted by soldiers, were used for purchasing 
 technical books and magazine subscriptions for military hospitals. 
 
 The three "book drives" were in Sept., 1917; May, 1918, and 
 May. 1919. 
 
 War, The — Notable Parades: Universal Service Registration Day, 
 June 5, 1917. To mark enrollment of the first draft army, 7,000 
 school children marched in the morning, 8,000 men, representing mili- 
 tary, fraternal and civic organizations, in the afternoon. 
 
 Soldier's Day, April 27, 1918. 312th Regiment of Infantry of 
 the National Army from Camp Dix entertained by the city. Escorted 
 by thousands of civilians in line from Lincob Park to First Regiment 
 Armoryc 1 6,000 in parade, 300,000 spectators. Greatest demonstra- 
 tion of the kind in Newark's history. 
 
 Italy Day, May 24, 1918. 8,000 Italian citizens in parade, ex- 
 pressed their allegiance to the U. S. Many Red Cross workers and 
 400 children from McKinley School in line. 
 
 War Savings Stamps, June 15, 1918. 7,500 school children 
 and Red Cross divisions of commercial and industrial concerns, fol- 
 lowed by 1 06 of the famous French Chasseurs d'Alpines, called Blue 
 Devils, then on a visit to the U. S. 
 
 1 1 3th Infantry of the 29th, or Blue and Gray Division, wel- 
 comed home May 20, 191 9. The 1 1 3th left Newark Sept. 4, 1917, 
 as the First Infantry, National Guard of New Jersey. Their parade 
 was the first to celebrate the return of Newark men from France. A 
 public holiday was proclaimed by Mayor Gillen. Other home-coming 1j 
 
NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS 53 
 
 parades followed with the 312th Infantry, of the 78th, or Lightning 
 Division, in the line of march. Memorial Day, 1919. 
 
 War, The See also Coal Shortage ; Industry ; Shipbuilding ; Wages 
 Water Supply: Since 1892, drawn from headwaters of Pequannock 
 River in northern N. J., 26 miles from city. From time to time city 
 has purchased large tracts of land around this watershed to protect it. 
 Total acreage, 25,000; valuation, $20,000,000; 9 reservoirs; average 
 daily water supply available, 50,000,000 gallons. Average daily con- 
 sumption, 47,341,000 gallons. 
 
 For many years there has been agitation for new source of supply, 
 as population and industries increase. In 1918, permission was granted 
 by the Capital Issues Committee of the Federal Reserve Board to pro- 
 ceed with the development of the Wanaque watershed on condition that 
 no construction work be undertaken during the war. Supply from the 
 Wanaque watershed would be 50,000,000 gallons, equal capacity to 
 Pequannock. Cost estimated at $9,047,250. 
 
 Whooping Cough: An ordinance passed Sept. 15, 1915, requires 
 children under 1 years of age with whooping cough to wear in the 
 street or any other public place, a yellow band around the arm, marked 
 "Newark Health Department, Whooping Cough". This is a measure 
 to prevent the spread of disease. 
 
 Woman Suffrage: In view of the recent adoption of the Susan B. 
 Anthony amendment by U. S. Congress, a review of the suffrage move- 
 ment in N. J. from earliest times to the present, may be of sufficient 
 interest to warrant the disregard of limiting dates. 
 N. J. had womem suffrage up to 1807. 
 1 884. Petition for restoration of original suffrage rights and for school 
 
 suffrage. 
 1887. Suffrage for school officials in villages and for county officials: 
 Senate — ayes, 15 ; nays, 2. 
 House — unanimously in favor. 
 Passed and became a law. Declared unconstitutional in 1 894. 
 1895. Petition for Full Suffrage and School Suffrage rights. 
 1897. Resolution for a referendum on School Suffrage: 
 Senate — ayes, 1 5 ; nays, I . Passed. 
 House — ayes, 42; nays, 5. Passed. 
 Submitted to referendum and rejected. 
 1912. Resolution for Full Suffrage: 
 
 Senate — ayes, 3; nays, 18. 
 
54 THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 1913.* Resolution for Full Suffrage: 
 
 Senate — ayes, 14; nays, 5. Passed. 
 House — ayes, 44; nays, 7. Passed. 
 
 1914. Suffrage Resolution: 
 
 Senate — ayes, 1 5 ; nays, 3. 
 House — ayes, 49; nays, 4. 
 
 1915. Suffrage Resolution: 
 
 Senate — ayes, 1 7 ; nays, 4. 
 
 House — unanimously passed. 
 Submitted to referendum: 
 
 N. J.. 133,281 for; 184,390 against. 
 And defeated, Oct. 19: 
 
 Newark, 13.125 for; 24,147 against. 
 
 1916. Presidential Suffrage Bill introduced in Senate. Referred to 
 
 Committee on Judiciary and unfavorably reported. 
 
 *This resolution through error was not advertised in time, so that 
 a Resolution had to be introduced in the Legislature of 1914. 
 Young Mens Christian Association: Since 1904 the Y. M. C A. of 
 this city has added two stories over its gymnasium building, increasing 
 its capacity of living rooms for young men to 125. 
 
 It has purchased four lots on Warren St., comprising a plot 
 80x100 ft., which is to be the site for the annex building to be erected 
 within the next 5 years. 
 
 In the Educational Dept. there have been organized and conducted 
 the accountancy school, automobile schools, classes in electricity, sales- 
 manship, modern production methods, personal efficiency and memory 
 training. 
 
 A most important advance was made when the City- Wide Com- 
 munity Work was organized in 1914. There are now 3 districts 
 being operated. Eventually the city and suburbs are to be organized 
 with 7 distinct districts, each with a competent secretary doing work for 
 the whole community. 
 
 Young Women s Christian Association: New administration and 
 recreation building, 53 Washington St., opened Sept 2, and dedicated 
 Nov. 3, 1913. $300,000 for its erection raised in 14 days by a 
 "whirlwind campaign" for popular subscriptions. Has gymnasium, 
 assembly hall, cafeteria, roof garden, swimming pool, classrooms, and 
 offices. 
 
 Association residence, or boarding home, 304 Broad St., opened 
 March, 1917.