E Tifo MAP ISSUED WITH THiS PUBLICATION IS IN THE MAP OIViSiON THE AMERICAN TRAVELLER ; OR THROUGH THE UNITED STATES. CONTAINING BRIEF NOTICES OF THE SEVERAL STATES, CITIES, PRINCIPAL TOWNS, CANALS AND RAIL ROADS, &c. WITH EnUtB ot BiBtmttSf BY STAGE, CANAL AND STEAM BOAT ROUTES. The whole Alphabetically arranged, with direct Reference to the accompanying Map of the Roads, Canals, and Railways of the United States. FOURTH EDITION. BY H. S. TANNES. PHILADELPHIA PUBLISHED BY THE A NO. 309 MARKET S Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1836, By H. S. Tanner, In the office of the Clerli of the District Court of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. ^^ qu PREFACE. Brevity being an essential quality in a book designed for the pocket of the traveller, I have endeavoured to embody within the compass of a small volume, as many facts, and as much useful information, as a due regard to the leading object of the present work would admit. I have therefore omitted all such details and extraneous matters as would only serve to augment the size of the volume, without produc- ing a corres finding increase of utility. The work will accordingly be found to consist of little else than very con- cise statements of such facts in relation to th-j several states, their population,number of counties, area, forms of govern- ment, cities, towns, roads, canals, distances, &c. as would bfc nost likely to prove useful to, or deserve the notice of the traveller. '• inder the head of each city, or large town, is given an actouat, arranged in tabular form, of all the leading routes fro n each, distinguishing between those by Steam-boats, St ^.;s or Canal-boats, with the distances from place to pii.ce, carefully noted. A brief account of the principal objects of curio?;ity, in or near the larger towns, will also be found under the head of each. With regard to the canals and rail-roads of the United States, the reader will perceive, that 1 have entered rather more into details that in the other parts of the work. Regarding the subject as one of importance, I have drawn up Irom the most authentic sources, accounts of those works which will be found under the heads of the respective states. Those accounts will elucidate the extent, points of commencement and termination, and such other facts, as are considered important in reference to the general system of internal improvements in our country. (iv ) The accompanying map, it will be perceived, exhibits all the leading towns, roads, canals, Slc. with the distances from one place to another, distinctly indicated by figures. The numbers contained in each of the rhombs, formed by the intersecting lines of latitude and longitude, refer to cor- responding numbers in the descriptive volume. By consulting either the book or map, the place sought for in the other can be found with great facility. In addition to the information contained in the body of the map, there are appended to the same sheet, the follow- ing supplementary maps, plans, &.c. — 1. Environs of Boston. 2. Of Providence. 3. Of New York. 4. Of Philadelphia. 5. Of Baltimore and Washington, with a plan of the City of Washington. 6. Of Richmond, Va. 7. Of Charleston. 8. Of Quebec. 9. Of Montreal. 10. Of the falls of Nia- gara. 11. Of Albany. 12.0f Pottsville, Pa. 13, Pittsburg. 14. Map of the Hudson River. 15. Plan of Cincinnati. 16. Of Louisville, Ohio. 17. Of New Orleans. Four additional plans on a more extended scale, of Boston, New York, Phil- adelphia and Baltimore, respectively, will be found opposite the description of each of those places in the volume. H. S. TANNER. THE AMERICAN TRAVELLER, &c. -»»«©««<-^ EXPLANATION. To find the position of any place on tliemap, observe tliennm- ber in brackets, thus, (100,) imint;diately sacceediiig the raine in the volume. Look lor the corre^iponding number on the map and Within the rhomb containing that nunib-r, the place sought for will be found. The map itself contains in each of the rhimbs, figures which refer to the index; thus reciprocally tending to fa- cili ate their use and application, one to th^ oilier. Abrevialions. Me. IVIaine. N. H. New Hampshire. Vt. Ver- mont. Mass Massachusetts. 11. I. Rhode Island, ('t. Connec- ticut. N. Y. New York. N. J. New Jersey. Fa. Pennsylvania. D. n^laware. Md. Maryland. Va. Virginia N. C. North Ca- rolina. S. C. South Carolina. G.Georgia. F. Finricla. Al. Al- abama. Miss. Mississippi. L. Louisiana. Ark. Arkansas. Ten. Tennessee. K. Kentucky. Mo. Missouri. 11. Illinois. In. In- diannu. Mic. Michigan. O.Ohio. Can. Canada. C. H. Court-house. R. River. The population of the several states, &:c. is given, according to the census of 1830, unless otherwise e.xpressed. The great leading roads can be found by referring to the cities and towns through which they pass, thus for example, if the road from Washington to New Orleans, be required, turn to the article "Washington," where will be found the route to Richmond, Va. then to that of" Richmond," where the road to Raleigh is given, and so on. ABB ALA Abbot's Town, Pa. (155.) Alabama River, (299.) Adcocks, N. C. (236.) Alabama, slate of, (247,) is divided into fcrty-six coun- ties, and contained in 1830, a population of 300,527, in- cluding- 117,549 slaves. Area 52,0()0 square miles. Capital, Tuscaloosa. Metropolis, Mobile, Lat. 30° 41'. Long. IF 12' W. General Election, first Monday in August. Legis- lature meet, fourth Monday in October. Ccnstitution formed, 1819. 1» 6 ALABAMA. Goternment. — The Governor is elected for two years ; salary $2,000. Secretary of State, Treasurer and Comp- troller of Public Accounts; — salary of each $1,000. Legislature. — The legislative power is vested in two branches, a Senate and House of Representatives, which together are styled the General Assembly of the State of Alabama. The representatives are elected annually, and are appor- tioned among the different counties in proportion to the white population ; the whole number cannot exceed 100, nor fall short of 60. The senators are elected for three years, and one-thirdof them are chosen every year. Their number cannot be more than one-third, nor less than one- fourth the number of the representatives. Judiciary. — The judicial power is vested in a supreme court, in circuit courts, and such inferior courts as the General Assembly may, from time to time, direct or estab- lish. The Judges, are elected by joint votes of both houses of the General Assembly, every six years. The supreme court consists of seven Judges ; and the state is divided into seven Circuits, in each of which a judge of the Supreme Court presides as a circuit judge. The salary of each of these judges is $1,750. Physical Structure. — In the northern part of Alabama, mountains of considerable elevation occur between the val- ley of the Tennessee and tfie head waters of the Tombec- bee, Black Warrior, &c. Here the forests consist chiefly of oak, ash, hickory, elm, poplar, &c. The central and southern portions of the state, are nearly destitute of moun- tains, which wholly disappear in the south. The products of the forests here, are similar to those in the north, but interspersed with pine, which increases towards the south, forming, with the long leaved-pine, cypress, gum, swamp, oak, holly, &c. the immense forest which still exists there. Rivers. — Tennessee, Alabama, Talapoosa, Coosa, Ca- hawba, Tombecbee, Black Warrior, Chattahooche, «fec. Productions. — Cotton and corn are the chief, rice and sugar. Gold has been found in the northern part of this state. ALBANY. Internal Improvements. — Consist of a Kail-road now in progress, from Decatur in Moryan Co. to a point 10 miles below Tuscumbia, on the Tennessee. Length, 62 mile.i Huntuville Canal, from Triana, on the Tennessee, to the town of Huntsville, 16 miles in lei:gth. A canal has been commenced, extending from the head of the muscle shoals to Florence, length 37 miles. Other improvements are contemplated. Principal Towns. Mobile, Blakely, Montgomery, Tus- caloosa, I'uscumbia, Florence, Huntsville, &c. Alaqua, Fl. (313.) Alachua Ferry, Fl. (329.) Alatamaha R., G. (304.) Albemarle Sound, N. C. Alatamaha Canal, see Geor- (238.) gia, (304.) Albion, II. (166.) Albany, N. Y. (S3.) Capital of the state of New York, contains a population of about 35,000. The principal building-s are: the Capital in State street. Academy in which the lyceum of the Albany Institute is established. City Hall neur the capitol, and about 20 churches, some of which are handsome edifices; theatre, museum, public library, several banks, Sec. The canal pier, and basin, deserve particular attention. ROUTES FROM ALBANY. To New York hy Steam Smgsmg, 10 113 Boat. Phillipsburg, 16 129 Miles. New York, 16 145 Coeymans, 13 Coxackie, 7 20 To Buffalo by Erie Canal. Hudson, 8 28 Troy, 7 Catskill, 6 34 Junction, 2 9 (thence to Pine Orch- Schenectady, 19 28 ard 14 miles.) Am.sterdam, 18 46 Red Hook Landing, 11 45 Schohaue Cr. 7 53 Kinjjston, 10 55 Caughnawaga, 4 57 Hyde Park, 10 65 Canajoharie, 12 69 Pokeepsie, 5 70 Little Falls, 19 88 Newburg-, 15 85 Herkimer, 7 95 West Point, 8 93 Frankfort, 5 100 Peekskill, 10 103 Utica, 10 110 ROUTES FROM ALBANY. Whitesboro, 4 114 Manchester, 9 105 Rome, 11 135 Vernon, 8 113 New London, 7 132 Lenox, 9 122 Canistota, 14 146 Sullivan, 8 130 New Boston, 4 150 Manlius, 6 136 Chittening-o, 4 154 West Hills, 12 148 Manilas, 8 \6i Skanuatcles, 14 \{y> Syracuse, 9 171 Auburn, 7 169 Gtddesburg-, 2 173 C'ayu^a, 9 178 Canton, 12 185 Waterloo, 8 186 Jordan, 6 191 Geneva, 6 192 Weedsport, 6 197 Cananduigua, 16 208 Montezuma, (Lake Bloornfield, 9 217 Port) 9 206 Lima, 9 226 Clyde, 11 217 Avon, 7 233 Lyons, 9 226 Caledonia, 8 2^1 LoekvUle, 6 232 Leroy, 6 247 Palmyra, 9 241 Bdtavia, 10 257 Fairport, 11 252 Pembroke, 14 271 Pittsford, 8 260 Ransom's Grove, 8 ^279 Rochester, 10 270 Wilha.nsviUe, 8 2n7 Ogden, 12 282 Buffalo, 10 2j7 Adams, 3 285 Brock port, 5 290 To Ithaca, by Stage. Holly, 5 295 Hamilton, 8 Albion, 10 305 Duanesburg, 12 20 Lock port, 28 333 Esperance, 6 26 Pendleton, 7 340 Beekmansville, 19 45 Tonnewanta, 12 352 Clierry Valley, 7 52 Buftdlo, 11 363 Coopersfown, 12 64 Burlington, 10 74 To Buffalo by Stage. Smyrna, 20 94 Schcnectiidy, by R. R. 16 Dcruyter, 21 115 Amsterdam, 16 32 Truxlun, 10 125 Caughnawaga, 11 43 Cortlandt, 13 138 Palatine Bridge, 11 54 Ithaca, 21 159 Manheim, 13 67 Little Fulls, 7 74 To SackeVs Harbor, bij Herkimer, 7 81 Stage. Utica, 15 m Utica, 96 ROUTES FROM ALBANY. Rome, 16 112 Fort Edward, 8 46 Fish Creek, 11 123 Sandy Hill, 3 49 Redfield, 20 143 Kingsbury, 5 54 Lorain, 16 159 Fort Ann, 4 58 Adams, 8 167 Whitehall, 14 72 Sacket's Harbor, 10 177 To Montreal, by Stage and To Ballslon and Saratoga hy Steam Boat. Rail Road. Whitehall, as above, 72 Schenectady, 16 ' Ticonderoga, 23 95 Rnllston, 14 30 Crown Point, 14 109 Saratog-a, 6 36 Basin Harbor, 12 121 (thence to Lake George m Essex, 9 130 32 miles.) |. Burlington, 15 145 S. Hero, 9 154 To Whitehall, by Champlain m Plattsburg, 8 162 Canal, M Chazy, 14 176 Troy, 7 iM Isle au Noix, 15 191 Junction, 2 9 St. Johns, 9 200 Waterford, 2 11 LaPrarie,by Stage,17 217 Mechanicsville, 8 19 Montreal, by Steam Stillwater. 4 23 Boat, 8 225 Bemus Heights, 3 26 Schuylersville, 9 35 To Burlington, Vt. via. Fort Miller, 5 40 Bennington, Middlehu- Fort Edward, 8 48 ry, SfC. hy Stage. Kingsbury, 5 53 Sand Lake, 11 Fort Ann, 7 60 Berlin, 10 21 Narrows, 6 66 Warm Spring, 8 29 Whitehall, 6 72 Pownall, 4 33 Bennington, 8 41 To Whitehall, by Stape. Shaftsbury, 8 49 Troy, 6 Sunderland, 8 57 Lansingburg, 3 9 Manchester, 8 65 Waterlbrd, 1 10 Tin mouth, 18 83 Mechanicsville, 8 18 Rutland, 17 100 Stillwater, 2 20 Pittsford, 8 108 Schuylersville, 13 33 Brandon, 9 117 Northumberland, 2 35 Middlebury, 16 133 Fort Miller, 3 38 Vcr jennes, 14 147 10 ALB ARR Charlotte, 9 156 Northampton, Burlington, 13 169 Hadley, Belcherlovvn, To Boston, by Stage. Western, Union, 11 Brookfield, Lebanon Spring, 14 25 Spencer, Pitt^field, 7 32 Worcester, Dailon, 5 37 Farmington, Peru, 9 46 Brookline, Worthinjrion, 9 55 Boston, Chesterfield, 5 6U 14 74 4 78 10 88 14 102 5 107 8 115 9 124 21 145 17 l(i2 4 166 Alboro Bay, U. C. (75.) Aldie, Va. (176.) Allegheny R. Pa. (10.3.) Alleglieny Portage Rail R. see Pennsylviinia, (130.) Allcntown, Pa. (133) Alligator Ft. Fl. (328.) Alexandria, N. Y. (34.) Alexandria, Me. (42.) Alexandria, II. (ii3.) Alexandria, Pa. (128.) Alexandria, Mo. (142.) Alexandria Canal, see lumbia, (176.) Co. Alexandria, D. C. (176.) A neat and pleasant city and port ot entry, on ihe right bank of the Potomac, occu^jies the southern angle ot the District of Columbia. Popula- tion about 9,000. The public buildnigs are, a Court house, six churches, two banks, &c. (For routes from Alexandria, see Washinofton, D. C.) Alexandria, [.. (234.) AliKd, xVle. (63.) Alton, II. (163.) Alston, S. C. (-274.) Am boy, N.J. (134.) America, 11. (185.) Amesville, O. (151.) Amhurst, U. C. (74.) Aruhurst, N. H. (85 ) Amhurst, C. H. Va. (195.) Amsterdam, N. Y. (82.) Amelia ]., F. (318.) Amoskeag Canal, See New Hampshire, (62.) Akchua, F. (31.5.) A nast.it ia I., F. (330.) Annapolis, Md. (Capital of the State,'! (177.) Andover, Mass. (8.3.) Ann Arbour, .Mich. (,73.) Antwerp, N. Y. (34.) Anderson vine, S. C. (252.) Angelica, N. Y. (78.) Anson, Me. (40 ) Appalachie Bay, F. (327.) Applington, G. (-.^71.) Arringtons, N. C. (216.) ARKANSAS. 1 1 Arkansas, state of, (220) is divided into 33 counties. Popiiliition in 1830, 30,388, including 4,575 slaves; in 1835,58,134. Area, 60,700 square miles. Capital, Little Rock. Metropolis, Arkansas. Lat. 34° N. Long. 14° 21' W. General election in August. Legislature. meet, every two years. Constitution formed, 1836. Government. — The Governor is elected for four years, but is not eligible more than eight years out of any period of twelve years. Legislature. — Consists of a Senate and House of Repre- sentatives, styled the General Assembly. The senate can never consist ot more than 33 nor less than 17 members. The House of Representatives of not less than 54, nor more than 100 representatives. Judiciary. — The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, (3 Judges,) whose jurisdiction is appellate ; circuit couris, county courts, and justices of the peace. Tlie offi- cial term ofthe judges of the supreme c.>urt, is eight years ; and those of the circuit court four years. Justices, who are elected by the people, hold their offices for two years. The Judges of county couris are chosen by the justices of the peace. I'fiijsicul Structure. — In the eastern part of the Territory it is level, portions of it often inundated ; in the centre, hills begin to show themselves, and further west the country becomes niountainous, though level and elevated plains of considcriiblc extent occur between the ridges. Rici'rs. — ArKarisas, St Francis, White, Washita, Red,&c. Productions. — Cotton. Corn, Wheat;, the Peach, Grape, Plum, and some other fruits flourish in e:reat abundance. Towns. — Little Rock, Arkansas, Point Chicot, St. Fran. CIS, Jackson, Batesville, Litchfield, Lewisburg, Helena, Jefferson, Scotia, &c. Arkansas River, Ark. (242.) Asheville, Ala. (267.) Arkansas, Ark. (243.) Atchafalaya R., Lou. (322.) Arlington, Vt. (60.) Atchafalaya Bay, Lou.(322.) Armagh, P. (129.) Athens, P. (106.) Ash, Va. (17 ..) Athens, O. (150.) Assateague L, Md. (178.) Athens, II. (164.) Asheville, N. C. (232.) Athens, T. (230.) Ashboro, N. C. (235.) Athens ,Ala. (247.) 12 ATH BALLSTON. Aurora, II. (145.) Aurora, O. (lOl.) Austenviile, Va. (214.) Autauga, Ala. (284.) Averysboro, N. C. (236.) Avon, Me. (39.) Avon, N. Y. (79.) B. Balcony Falls Canal, Virginia, (195.) Balize, Lou. (325.) Athens, G. (270.) Atkins, Va. (213.) Atlas, II. (142.) Auburn, N. Y. (80.) Augusta, K. (170.) Augusta, Miss. (297.) Augusta, G. (272.) Aurora, N. Y. (80.) Back Bay, Va. (219.) Bainbridge, O. (149.) Bainbridge, G. (303.) Ballston Spa, N. Y. (83.) The Springs at Ballston have long been celebrated for their medicinal virtues, and are resorted to by many invalids and others. The waters re- semble those of Saratoga, though not so strongly impreg- nated with the mineral ingredients. There are several good Hotels and private Boarding Houses, Reading Rooms, &c. in the village, which is justly regarded as one of the most pleasant and salubrious places of resort in the country. ROUTES FROM BALLSTON. Saratoga Springs, 6 Waterford, by Stage, 22 Saratoga Lake, 6 Glenn's Falls, 25 Schenectady, by Rail R. 1 4 Lake George, 38 Albany, " 30 Ballsville, Va. (l96.) Baltimore, Md. (156.) Is the chief city in Maryland, and the third in point of population in the United States. It occupies a favourable position, and appears to much ad- vantage on approaching it from the west. The country immediately in the rear swells into hills, sufficiently eleva- ted to afford an extensive view of the city and its environs, and to render the entire landscape particularly attractive. Population in 1830, 80,625. The objects most worthy of attention, are Washington Monument, at the intersection of Charles and Monument Streets ; it is surmounted by a colo- JJfJIJ=:ii:.-z= JJ!lJiiJ_Jl^.i-.. I nil I ii'i I -I AJJJJi JJ Ei-jiuuiyjjj I V^^ ^' J_J jJ J- JiJUJJ ' Vj, ..1 I ItKFJiREXCBS. 1 K.niiimiif t'llStl'lll ItfllSf X'liiletl Stuffs Blink 2 I'litlifiliiil 3 li,it,iri,)ii aiiinh 4 Si. Peters Vo. 5 St. I'litricks no. ; 6 St.J'auls Do. , T Trinity Do. ' 8 <%r/jftr Do. ! ft freshiterian Mo. JD Metliodist Vo. 11 (TennunLiiHi. Vo. 12 Bii/'tixt Vo. • U Frienit.t^UeetimiJlon 14 St.Mirtjr,>ltei/e Ij liiiltiiii'vre Coll'e l(i 1-iiitersitr 17 Jtospitnl lU »/////j House U) Disnensttrv ■JO Ivnitentiar 1' I /'/v.m« :':' r.nirtuous :'.{ Library ■2\ Thf, :'.) M,i.-.,'i,w :'(i W.ishin.ilon JJ. J 7 ll.iirle Ml :'•) j;.^t I'lrne .JO Masonic li.iU (l Hali-rWorks W: li.ink.'lJUiltimare ■).; ///r//tJii^=:3 .'«^_i' ^ -A\^^K;^^si>^ z^ z:i ]z: z^ni xj I I >VV^ 1 _J _J 1_A_A wwl The liin/ertim toHieVlinls.- :BJ\ii'i' Srali .Z!fuiyj.^jjyjj-is^^djjjjju:j.\'ji\j.\i.\.. ^iJ|\JJJJiJ^JJJ.,IJX^.lUJUlJ[iiLlLliilj iMl^.i^ayi!JlJ.^'y;JiJULIlilO;!;JJ;.U': 'ldtkJ!|lJ^jauu:Jp,i[iJ[|j|:jai. I iiiiiuj to' ^^<> !]^.j:j I I I ^ — ' —- ' ^ " IS -rj .=_) ^_^- — 1 1 1 1 I \ 1- f^f^^ mriji ,jj.j^4jjLjjiijijjjj ^ I ^■^Vs BALTIMORE. 13 sal statute of Washington, elevated 163 feet. Battle Monu- ment in Calvert street. Exchange in Gay street. City Spring in Calvert street. Penitentiary on Madison street. Hospital in the N. W. suburbs. Cathedral; Custom House; two Colleges ; University buildings ; Alms House ; Court House ; two Theatres ; Museum ; Water Works, ^^ ■!"<•; s, t^ S a SJ i :i^ Ati.A'X; i^i 7.rjrCH Chr^TK. ROUTES FROM BOSTON. 17 Medway, 12 27 Taunton, 12 34 Mendon, 9 36 Douglass, 12 48 To BarnfttaUe, by Stage. Thompson, 14 62 Quincy, 9 Ashford, 20 82 Weymouth, 6 15 Willington, 2 84 Hanover, 9 24 Tolland, 7 91 Kingston, 11 35 Ellington, 5 96 Plymouth, 6 41 Hartford, 14 110 Sandwich, 18 59 Barnstable, 13 62 To Providence by Stage, and thence to Neiv York by To Rutland, Vt. by Stage. Steam Boat. Cambridge, 4 Roxbury, 5 Concord, 14 18 Dedhani, 5 10 Groton, 14 32 Wrenlham, 18 28 Townsend, 9 41 Attleboro, 7 35 New Ipswich, 12 53 Pawtucket, 7 42 Keene, 27 80 Providence, 3 45 Bellows Falls, 20 100 Pawtuxet, 5 50 Chester, 13 113 Newport, 20 70 Cavendish, 12 125 Point Judith, 14 84 Rutland, 26 151 New London Harb. 35 119 (Thence to New London, To Concord, JS. H. and 4 miles.) thence to Montpelier, Vt. Connecticut R. 14 133 by Stage Falkner's Is. 19 152 Medford, 6 New Haven Harb. 12 164 Stoneham, 4 10 (Thence to N. Haven, Andover, 11 21 4 miles.) Methuen, 4 25 Blackrock, 19 183 Londonderry, 16 41 Southport, 5 188 Hookset Falls, 19 60 Oldwell, 8 196 Concord, 8 68 West Greenwich, 16 2l2 Boscawen, 10 78 Throgs Ft. 19 231 Andover, Vt. 14 92 New York, 16 247 Grantham, 22 114 Dartmouth Col. 11 125 To Taunton, by Stage. Stratford, 16 141 Dorchester, 7 Chelsea, 9 150 Bridgewater, 15 22 Barre, 15 165 18 BOS BRI Montpelier, 9 174 To Portland, Me. by Stage. Saugus, 10 Danvers, 7 17 Topsficld, 6 23 Rowley, 8 31 Newbury port, 5 36 Hampton, 9 45 Portsmouth, 13 58 York, 9 67 Wells, 15 82 Kennebunk, Pt. 6 88 Saco, 10 98 Portland, 16 114 To Newburyport, via Salem, by Stage. Chelsea, 5 Lynn, 5 10 Salem, Beverly, Wenham, Hamilton, Ipswich, Newburyport, Boston and Lowell Rail Road. See Massachusetts, (85.) Boston and Providence Rail Road. See Massachusetts, (85.) Boston and ^\orcester Rail Road. See Massachusetts, (85.) Boston, 0.(101.) Boston, N. Y. (78.) Bowling-green, Va. (176.) Bowling-green, Mo. (141.) To Portland, by Steam-boat. Point Shirley, 4 Nahant, 6 10 Marblehead, 6 16 Salem Harbor, 3 19 (Thence to Salem, 5 miles.) Gloucester Harb. 8 27 (Thence to Gloucester, 4 miles.) Cape Ann, 10 37 Newbury Harb. 16 53 Boars Head, 7 60 Portsmouth Harb. 12 72 York Harb. 5 77 Kennebunk H. 12 89 Fletcher's Neck, 12 101 Cape Elizabeth, 13 114 Portland, 10 124 5 15 Miscellaneous Routes by 2 17 Steam Boats. 4 21 Fort Warren, 2 2 23 Fort Independence, 3 5 28 Long Island, 6 10 38 Pt. Alderton, 10 The Brewstcrs, 10 Bowling-green, K. (188.) Bowdoinhara, Me. (40.) Bowerbank, Mc. (19.) Bow Canal. See New Hamp- shire, (62.) Boydtown, Va. (216.) Brandon, Vt. (60.) Brandon, Miss. (280.) * Brattlcboro, Vt. (84.) Brasstown, N. C. (230.) Brashears, Miss. (280.) Bridge Town, Md. (157.) Bridgetown, N. J. (157.) BRI BUFFALO. 19 Bridgetown, Me. (63.) Bridge Town, D. ( 1 78.) Bridgetown Va. (198.) Bridgewater, Ala. (247.) Bristol, R. I. (ill.) Brock port, U. C. (34.) Brockport, N. Y. (55.) Brookfield, Mass. (84.) Brooklyn, C. (111.) Brooklyn, N. Y. (135.) Brookville, Ind. (148.) Brookville, Md. (156.) Brownington, Vt. (37.) Brownsto\vn, Mich. (73.) Buffalo, N. Y. (78.) A flourishing city, situated on Lake Erie, and' at the western termination of the Erie Canal. Population about 16,000. The public buildings are a court- house, several churches, banks, museum, hotels,^&c. Stages, steam-boats and sailing vessels, arrive at and depart from Buffalo almost every hour. ROUTES FROM BUFFALO. Brownsburg, T. (225.) Brownsville, P. (120.) Brownstown, Ind. (168.) Bruinsville, II. (185.) Browns, G. (250.) Brownsburg, Miss. (295.) Brunswick, Me. (63.) Brunswick, N.J. (134.) Brunswick, N. C. (256.) Bryan C. H., G. (281.) Buchannan, Va. (152.) Buckstown, Me. (41.) Buffalo, Va. (172.) To Albany, by the Erie New Boston, Canal. Canistota, Tonne wanta. 11 Rome, Pendleton, 12 23 Whitesboro, Lockport, 7 30 Utica, Albion, 28 58 Herkimer, Holly, 10 68 Little Falls, Brockport, 5 73 Canajoharie, Ogden, 8 81 Caughnewaga Rochester, 12 93 Amsterdam, Fairport, 18 111 Schenectady, Palmyra, 11 122 Troy, Lyons, 15 137 Albany, Montezuma, 20 157 — Jordan, 15 172 To Albany Syracuse, 20 192 Williamsville;; Manlius, 9 201 Ransoms, 12 213 4 217 21 238 11 249 4 253 15 268 7 275 19 294 12 306 11 319 18 335 21 356 7 363 10 8 18 20 ROUTES FROM BUFFALO. Pembroke, 8 26 Batavia, 14 40 Leroy, 10 50 Avon, 14 64 Lima, 7 71 Bloom field, 9 80 Canandaigua, 9 89 Geneva, 16 105 Cayuga, 14 119 Auburn, 9 128 Skanea teles. 7 135 WesthiUs, 14 149 Manlius, 12 161 Lenox, 14 175 Vernon, 9 184 Utica, 17 201 Herkimer, 15 216 Little Falls, 7 223 Palantine Bridge, 20 243 Amsterdam, 22 265 Schenectada, 16 281 Albany by R. Roac 1, 16 297 To Niagara Falls, by Stage. Blackrock, 1 Chippewa, 16 17 Niagara Falls, 2 19 To Niagara Falls, by Stage, via Manchester. Blackrock, 1 Tonnevvanta, 8 9 Schlosser, 10 19 The Falls, 2 21 To Rochester, by Stage. Batavia, as above, 40 Bergen, 13 53 Rochester, 17 70 To Erie, Fa, by Stage. Hamburg, 11 Catteraugus, 19 30 Dunkirk, 15 45 Westfield, 15 60 Burget's town, 16 76 Erie, 14 90 To Erie, and thence to De- troit, by Steam Boat. Cattaraugus, 28 Dunkirk, 13 41 Westfield, 15 56 Erie, 30 86 Fairport, 74 160 Cleveland, 30 190 Sandusky, 60 250 Detroit, 75 325 To Hamilton, by Stage. Hamburg, 11 Boston, 12 23 Springville, 10 33 Ellicoltville, 16 49 Hamilton, 20 69 To Ithaca, by Stage. Aurora, 15 Warsaw, 26 41 Perry, 8 49 Moscow, 7 56 Geneseo, 4 60 Dansville, 18 78 Conhocton, 8 86 Bath, 20 106 Jersey, 10 116 Salubria, 15 131 Ithaca, 20 151 BUL CAP. 21 To Ithaca^ via Batavia and I Aurora, by Steam B. 7 132 Cayuga Lake. \ Milton, do. 7 139 Cayuga, as above, 119 I Ludlowsville, do. 10 149 Union, by Steam B. 6 125 | Ithaca, do. 8 157 Bull's Bay, S. G. (291.) Bulltown, Va. (173.) Burksville, K. (209.) Burgettstown, P. (77.) Burlington, Vt. (36.) Burlington, N. Y. (81.) Burlington, N. J. (134.) Burlington, K. (148.) Burlington, Ind. (146.) Burlington, O. (171.) Burnthorn, Ala. (299.) Bushville, P. (108.) Butler, P. (120.) Buzzard's Bay, Mass. (112.) Byron, G. (302.) Byron, Mich. (73.) Cabin Pt.Va. (197.) Cadiz, K. (207.) Cadiz, O. (127.) Cahawba R. Ala. (267.) Cahawba, Ala. (283.) Calcasiu R. Lou. (306.) Calcasiu Lake, Lou. (.320.) Caldwell, N. Y. (60.) Caledonia, Mo. (184.) Calhoun, T. (230.) Cambridge O. (127.) Cambridge, Md. (177.) Cambridge, S. C. (253.) Camden, xMe. (40.) Camden, N. J. (157.) Camden and Amboy Rail Road, See New Jersej'-, (1.34.) Camden, S. C. (254.) Campbellsville, K. (189.) Campbells T. (230.) Campbells, N. C (255.) Campbellton, G. (269.) Canandaigua, N. Y. (79.) Canaseraga, N. Y. (58.) Canajoharie, N. Y. (82.) Canadea, N. (Y. 78.) Canfield, O. (102.) Canton, N. Y. (34.) Canton, Ind. (145.) Canton, O. (127.) Canton, Ala. (283.) Canisteo, N. Y. (79.) Cantwell, D. (157.^ Cantrell's Ch. Lou. (323.) Cape Ann, Mass. (86.) C. Elizabeth, Me. (63.) Cape Cod, Mass. (86.) Cape Cod Bay, Mass. (112.) Cape Henlopen, D. (178.) Cape May, N. J. (179.) Cape Malabar, Mass. (112.) Cape Girardeau, Mo. (185.) Cape Hatteras, N. C. (239.) Cape Charles, Va. (199.) Cape Henry, Va. (199.) Cape Lookout, N. C. (258.) Cape Fear, N. C. (275.) Cape Fear R., N. C. (235.) Cape St. Bias, F. (32G.) 22 CAP CHARLESTON. Cape St. Joseph, F. (326.) Cape St. George, F. (327.) Cape Vincent, N. Y. (33.) Carrolton, II. (143.) Carrolton, G. (268.) Carlisle, Penn. (131.) Carlisle, Ind. (166.) Carlisle, K. (170.) Carlyle, II. (164.) Carmi, II. (165.) Carman, N. Y. (136.) Carnesville, G. (251.) Carney, G. (305.) Cartersville, Va. (196.) Carthage, N. C. (235.) Carthage N. Y. (58.) Carthage, T. (209.) Casco Bay, Me. (63.) Castine, Me. (41.) Catskill, N. Y. (83.) Catskill and Canajoharie R. Road. See N. Y (82.) Cattaraugus, N. Y. (77.) Catletsburg, K. (171.) Catawba R., N. C. (233.) Catawba Canals. See S. Carolina, (254.) Catliarinestown, N. Y. (80.) Charleston, S. C. (291.) The metropolis of the State of South Carolina, and the sixth city of the Union in point of population. It contained in 1830, 30,289 inhabitants, in- cluding 15,534 slaves. It is situated on the point of junc- tion of Cooper and Ashley rivers, which here unite and form the outer harbour. The public buildings are : Alms- house in Mazyck street; the Orphan's Asylum ; Exchange ; Circular Church ; Court-house and City Hall in Broad st.; Medical College in Short street; Academy of Arts and Circus in Queen street; South Carolina Society's Hull; Hospital in Back street, and about twenty churches, some of which are very splendid. Cavendish, Vt. ^61.) Cayuga, N. Y. (80.) Cayuga Lake, N. Y. (80.) Cedar Bay, N. J. (168.) Cedar Inlet, N. C. (258.) Central Rail Road. See Pennsylvania, (132.) Centreville, O. (150.) Centreville, Md. (157.) Centreville, Va. (176.) Centreville, K. (187.) Centreville, Ala. (283.) Centreville, Pa. (103.) Centre, N. Y. (81.) Centre, P. (103.) Ceres, P. (104.) Chataugay, N. Y. (35.) Champlain, N. Y. (36.) Champlain Canal. See New York, (60.) Chambersburg, P. (155.) Chandelleur Isles, L. (325.) ChapUn T., K. (^209.) Charleston, N. H. (61.) Charleston, Va. (155.) Charleston, Ind. (168.) Charleston, Va. (172,) CHARLESTON. ROUTES FROM CHARLESTON. 23 To Hamburg, by S. C. Rail Road. To Woodstock, 15 Summersville, 7 22 Branchville, 40 62 Midway, 10 72 Elacksville, 8 90 Aiken, 30 120 Hamburg-, 16 136 To Columbia, by Stage. Dorchester, 20 Four Holes Swamp, 17 37 Kerrs, 14 51 Orangeburg, 25 76 Conheim, 25 101 Columbia, 13 114 To Savannah, Ga. by Stage. Guerin's Ferry, 11 Parker's, 17 28 Pocataligo, 32 60 Coosawhatchie, 6 66 Hoggstown, 17 83 Savannah, 23 106 To Savannah, by Steam Boat. Fort Moultrie, 4 Coffin Land, 6 10 Stono Inlet, 11 21 So. Edisto Inlet, 27 48 St. Helena So. 3 51 Truncard's Inlet, 21 72 Hilton Head, 4 76 Chardon, O. (101.) CharlottsviUe, Va. (175.) Bloody Point, 18 94 Savannah, 17 111 To Mllmington, N. C. via Georgetowr . Jones', 33 N. Santee R. 12 45 Georgetovm, 14 59 Gr. Pedee R. 26 85 Convvayboro, 15 100 Lit. River Inlet, 27 127 Brunswick C. H. 24 151 Brunswick, 17 168 Oldtown, 8 176 Wilmington, 8 184 To Fayettville, N. C. by Stage.. Quinby Br. 25 Santee R. 19 44 Black Cr. 15 59 Port's F. 34 93 L. Pedee R. 30 123 Lumberton, 34 157 Fayetteville, 32 189 To Cheraw, by Stage, Bedht imer's, 24 Monk's Corner, 9 33 Gourdine's F. 25 58 Kingstree, 14 72 Lynch's Cr. 28 100 Darlington, 19 119 Society Hill, 14 133 Cheraw, 13 146 Charlotte, N.C. 234.) Charlotte, T. (207.) 24 CHA CIN Chatgugay, L. C. (15.) Chattahochie, G. (269.) Chattahochie River, Ala. (301.) Chattahochie R., G. (250.) Chatham, Mass. (112.) Chaumont, N. Y. (33.) Chagrine,0. (101.) Chehaw, G. (266.) Chelmsford, Mass. (85.) Chelsea, Vt. (61.) Cheeks, T. (211.) Chesterville, Me. (39.) Chesterville, S. C. (253.) Chesterfield, S. C (254.) Chesapeake Bay, Md. (177.) Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. See Md. (157.) Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. See Md. (157.) Chicago, 11. (95.) Chickasaws, Miss. (245.) Chichis, Texas, (293.) Chicot, Ark. T. (262.) Chemung Canal. See New Chillicothe, O. (149.) York, (80.) Chipola F. (314.) Chenango Canal. See New Chippeway, U. C. (54.) York, (80.) Cheraw, S. C. (255.) Cherokee, G. (249.) Cherry Valley, N. Y. (82.) Chester, N. Y. (60.) Chester, Vt. (61.) Chester, N. H. (85.) Chester, Pa. (157.) Chester T., Md. (156.) Chiswell, Va. (198.) Chittenango Canal. See New York, (80.) CholsonviUe, Va. (217.) Chowan Navigation. See Virginia, (218.) Christianburg, Va. (194.) Christianville, Va. (216.) Church, N. C. (257.) Cincinatti, O. (148,) the great emporium of the state of Ohio, was founded in 1789. Its population at present (1837,) is about 42,000, and is rapidly increasing. The public buildings consist of, a Court-liouse in Tenth street ; four Market-houses; Bazaar in Third street; Theatre in Second street ; Banks ; College in Walnut street ; Athe- neum in Syceunore street ; Medical College in Sixth street; Mechanics' Institute in Walnut street ; two Museums, one in Main, and the other in Fourth street; Hospital in Plum street; Lunatic Asylum; High school, and about twenty-seven churches. ROUTES FROM CINCINNATI. To Louisville,hy Steam-boat. I Aurora, 4 28 Lawrenceburg, 24 | Rising Sun, 7 35 ROUTES FROM CINCINNATI. 25 Fredericksburg, 20 55 Vevay, 10 65 Fort William, 10 75 Madison, 13 88 Westport, 21 109 Jeffersonville, 22 131 Louisville 1 132 Thence to N. Orleans, 1448 Miles. See Louisville. To Pittsburg, by New Richmond, Ft. Pleasant, Moscow, Mechanicsville, Aug-usta, Ripley, Maysville, Manchester, Portsmouth, Burlington, Guyandot, Gallipolis, Pt. Pleasant, Letart's Is. Belville, Parkersburg, Marietta, Newport, Sislersville, Elizabethtown, Wheeling, Warrento\vn, Wellsburg, Steubenville, Fawcetstown, Beaver, Economy, Middletown, Pittsburg, S. Boats. 21 5 6 3 6 9 7 10 36 103 41 144 7 151 34 185 3 188 29 217 30 247 17 264 13 211 16 293 17 310 35 345 13 358 8 366 6 372 7 379 22 401 19 420 9 429 9 438 11 449 To Dayton, by Canal. Reading, l2 Hamilton, 16 28 Middletown, 14 42 Franklin, 6 48 Miamisburg, 6 54 Dayton, 14 68 To Columbus, by Stage. Reading, 10 Sharon, 5 15 Lebanon, 16 31 Waynesville, 9 40 Xenia, 15 55 Charleston, 18 73 London, 11 84 Georgesville, 12 96 Columbus, 13 109 To Greenville, by Stage. Mt. Pleasant, 11 Hamilton, 12 23 Newcomb, 18 41 Eaton, 8 49 GreenviUe, 28 77 To Indianapolis, by Stage, Miami, 15 Harrison, 8 23 Brookville, 17 40 Somerset, 11 51 Rushville, 14 65 Indianapolis, 40 105 To Louisville, by Stage. Lawrenceville, 23 Madison, 34 57 Louisville, 38 95 26 CIN To Lexington, by Stage. Newport, 1 Gaines, 12 13 Theobolds, 12 25 Georgetown, 29 54 Lexington, 13 67 CLEVELAND. To Cfiillicotke, by Stage. Newton, 8 Batavia, 15 <23 Williamsburg, 8 31 Hillsboro, 28 59 Bainbridge, 22 81 Chillicolhe, 18 99 Cinthiana, K. (169.) Circleville, O. (150.) Claiborne, Ala. (299.) Clarksburg, Va. (152.) Clarksburg, Md. (155.) Clarksburg, K. (170.) Clarksville, T. (^07.) Cleveland, O. (101,) is a place of considerable trade, being situated on the northern termination of the Ohio and Erie Canal. ROUTES FROM CLEVELAND. Clarksville, G. (251.) Clarksville, Ala. (298.) Clarktown,N. Y. (109.) Clajtonville, G. (-251.) Clearfield, Pa. (104.) Clermont, N. Y. (83.) To Buffalo, by Steam Boat. To Portsmouth, by Canal. Fairport, 30 Akron, 38 Erie, 74 104 New Portage, 9 47 Westfield, 30 134 Massiilon, 21 68 Dunkirk, 15 149 Bolivar, 12 80 Cattaraugus, 13 162 New Philadelphia, 14 94 Buffalo, 28 190 Gnadenhutten, 13 107 Coshocton, 26 133 To Detroit, by Steam Boat. Newark, 40 173 Huron, 50 Bloomfield, 52 225 Sandusky, 10 60 Circleville, 11 236 Detroit, 75 135 Chillicolhe, 20 256 Piketon, 24 280 Portsmouth, 27 307 Clinton, N. Y. (58.) Clover Ball, Va. (174.) Clinton, T. (210.) Clubfoot Canal. See N. C. Clinton, K. (206.) (258.) Clinton, Lou. (308.) Coal M., Pa. (104.) Clinton, G. (270.) COD COLUMBIA. 27 Codorus Navigation. See Pa. Coleraine, N. C. (218.) (132.) Colchester, C. (110.) Coldcamp, N. C. ^256.) Cocliccton,N. Y. (107.) (..'oletnan, Lou. (307.) Coleraine, Pa. (148.) Coleraine, G. (317.) Coles, Va. (215.) Coles, N. C. (218.) Colington, F. (3i7.) Coolidge, Ala. (298.) Columbia, District o^, (176.) Is divided into two coun- ties. Population in 1H30, 39,858. Area, 100 square miles. Capital, City of VVasiiington, Lat. 38° 53', N. The other towns, are Georgetown and Alexnndria. Rivers. — Potomac, and its eastern branch. Internal Im- provements. — Alexandria Canal, extends from the point of termi ation of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal at Ge( rge- town to Alexantiria, 7 miles. Chesapeake and Ohio CavaL See Maryland. Baltimore and Washington Rail Roads^ See Maryland. Columbia, N. H. (38.) Columbia, Ind. (166.) Columbia, Me. (42.) Columbia, K., (189.) Columbia, P. (132.) Columbia, Va. 186.) Columbia, Mo. (161). Columbia, T. (227.) Columbia, S. C. (254.) The capitol of the state of South Carolina, situated on the great road from Washington to New Orleans. The legislative halls, state offices, and S. C. College, are the chief buildings. ROUTES FROM COLUMBIA. To Charleston, by Stage, via Orangeburg, Gran by, 1 To Augusta, Lexington C Leesville, Ga., by Stage, H. 12 17 29 Conheim, 12 13 Lumkins, 6 35 Orangeburg, 25 38 Kerrs, 25 63 Lotts, Edgefield, 12 47 10 57 Four Holes Swamp, 14 77 Dorchester, 17 94 Augusta, 15 72 Charleston, 20 ll4 - — . 28 COLUMBUS. To Fayetteville, N. C, by Stage. Colonels Cr. Ferry over Wateree, 14 Camden, Debrules, Sander?, Black Cr. Che raw, Boundary, Laurel Hill, Lumber R. Fayetteville, 2 12 12 9 22 15 102 13 115 9 124 24 148 To Yorkville, by Stage. Round Top, 10 Winnsboro, 19 29 Chesterville, 25 Yorkville, 22 76 (Thence to Salisbury, N. C. 74 miles.) To Greensville, by Stage. Lexington C. H. 12 Saluda R. 14 26 Newberry, 17 43 Belfast, 16 59 Huntsville, 8 67 Laurensville, 9 76 Reedy R. 19 95 Greenville, 19 114 To Winsboro, 29 — RuiF's Ferry, 39 — N. Edisto River, 22 — M'Cord's Ferry, 33 Columbia, N. C. (238.) Columbiana, O. (128.) Columbia, Ala. (301.) Columbus, Ind. (147.) Columbus, O. (140.) capitol of the state, founded in 1812. Population, about 4,500, and rapidly increasing. Public buildings : State-house ; Court-house ; State offices ; Peni- tential y, &c. ROUTES FROM COLUMBUS. To Cincinnati by Stage. Circle ville. 9 26 George ville. 13 Chillicothe, 19 45 Lo dnn, 12 25 Piketon, 19 64 Charleston, 11 36 Lucasville, 13 77 Xenia, 18 54 Portsmouth 13 90 Waynesville, 15 69 — Lebanon, 9 78 To Athens by Stage Sharon, 16 94 Lythopolis, '21 Reading, 5 99 Green Castle, 4 25 Cincinnati, 10 109 liancaster. 7 32 Logan, 17 44 To Portsmouth , by Stage. Ne sonville, 16 65 Bloomfield, 17 MiUville, 4 69 Athens, n t 76 CONCORD. •^y To Wheeling, Va. by the Jackson, 12 105 National Road, Medina, 12 117 Hebron, 28 Cleveland, 27 144 Zanesville, 27 55 Cambridge, 25 80 To Portsmouth, by Canal. Fuirvievv, 21 101 Junction, 10 St. Clairsville, 24 125 Bloom field. 7 17 Wheeling, 10 135 Circleville, 11 28 Chillicothe, 20 48 To Portland, by Stage. Piketon, 24 72 Worlhington, 9 Portsmouth, 27 99 Delaware, 17 26 Norton, 11 37 To Cleveland, by Canal. Biicyrus 26 63 Hebron, 34 Portland, 55 118 Newark, 10 44 . Coshocton, 40 84 To Cleveland, by Stage. Gnadenhutten, 26 110 Granville, 27 Bolivar, 26 136 Mt. Vernon, 20 47 Massillon, 12 148 Loudonville, 24 71 Akron, 33 181 Wooster, 22 93 Cleveland, 37 218 Columbus Canal. See Ohio. (149.) Columbus, K. (206.) Columbu?, Miss. (265.) Cornells, Ala. (285.) Cmcord, N. H. (62.) Capital of the state of New Hamp- shire. ROUTES FROM CONCORD. Columbus, G. (285.) Competition, Va. (215.) CoombsviUe, K. (189.) Compte, Lou. (293.) To Boston, by Stage Hookset Falls, Londonderry, Methuen, Andovcr, Stoneham, Medford, Boston, ige. 8 19 27 16 43 4 47 11 58 4 62 € 68 3 To Montpelier, Vt. by Stage. Boscawen, 10 Andover, 14 24 Grantham, 22 46 Dartsmouth Col. il .57 Stratford, 16 73 Chelsea, 9 82 Barre, 15 97 Montpelier, 9 106 30 CONNECTICUT. To Portsmouth^ hy Stage. DeerHeld, 18 Nottingham, 6 24 Denham, 10 34 Newington, 5 39 Portsmouth, 7 46 To White Hills, by Stage. Boscawen, 1 Bristol, 22 32 Plymouth, 13 45 Thornt;n, 12 57 Peeling, 11 6S Bethlehem, 19 87 Mt. Washington, 15 102 Concord, N. Y, (83.) Coudersport, Pa. (104.) Concord, N. C. (234.) Cornwall, Can. (14.) Concordia, L. (295.) Copenhwgen, N. Y. (58.) Conestoga Navigation. See Conneaught, O. ( 1 02.) Pennsylvania, (132.) Connecticut R. (38.) Covington, N. Y. (78.) Connecticut, state of (109,) is divided into eight counties. Population in 1830, 297,711. Area, 5,100 squ.ire miles. Capitals, Hartford and New Haven. Metropolis, New- Haven. Lat. 41° 19' N. Longitude 3° 58' E. General Election, first Monday in April ; Legislature meet first Wednesday in May; Constitution formed, 1818. Government. — The Governor is elected annually; salary $1,100. Lieutenant Governor receives $300 per annum. The Legislature is styled the General Assembly, and consists of twenty-one senators, and 208 members of the House of Representatives, elected annually. The pay of the former is $2 a day each, and of the latter $1,50 a day. The Genentl Assembly has one stated session every year, alternately at Hartford and New Huven. Judiciary — The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court of Errors, a Superior Court, and such inferior courts as the Legislature may establish. The judges are appointed by the General Assembly, and those of the Supreme and Superior courts hold their offices during good behaviour, but not beyond the age of seventy years. The Cliief Justice of the Supreme Court receives $1,100 per annum The four Associate Jiidges $1,(»50 each. Physical Structure. — The State of Connecticut is natu- rally divided into three parts by the rivers Connecticut and Housatonic. The eastern section is comparatively level, having but few, if any elevations deserving tlie name of COP CRO 31 mountains. The middle section, or that portion of the state lying between the Connecticut river on the east, and the Housatonic on the West, is strictly a mountainous region, especially on the N. W. part of it. The third, or western section is, witli the exception of the southern portion of Fair- field county, composed almost entirely of hills and moun- tains, some of which attain to an elevation of 3,.50() feet. Rivers. — Housatonic, Saugatuck, Connecticut, Farming- ton, Thames, Quinebaug, and Shetucket. Towns. — Hartford, New Haven, Middletown, New Lon- don and Norwich are incorporated cities ; Bridgeport, Guilford, KiUingworth, Newtown, Stamford, Stonington, Waterbury, &c. Productions. — Indian corn, wheat, rye and other small grains ; flax, hemp, &,c. &;c. Internal Improvements. — Farmington Canal extends from New Haven to the north boundary of the state. It is proposed to continue this canal to Northampton, a further distance of 22 miles; entire length so far as completed 56 miles ; Enfield Canal is designed to overcome the Enfield falls in Connecticut River. Length 5^ miles. Cottonport, Ala. (248.) Coffeeville, Ala. (298.) Coteau du Lac, Can. (14.) Connecuh R., Ala. (300.) Connelsville, Pa. (129.) Constant, N. C. (218.) Coolidge, Ala. (298,) Coupee, Lou. (308.) Cowpens, S. C. (233.) Conwayboro, S. C. (274.) Cootes Paradise, Can. (54.) Conyngham, P. (106.) Covington, II. (164.) Cooperstown, N. Y. (82.) Corydon, In. (167.) Coopersport, P. (104.) Cote Sans desscin. Mo. (162.) Coosa, Ala. (267.) Coosawatchie, S. C. (290.) Coosa R. Ala. (267.) Covington, G. (270.) Covington, Lou. (309.) Covington, T. (225.) Coshatta Indians, L. (306.) Coeymans, N. Y. (83.) Crab Orchard, Va. (213.) Covington, P. (105.) Crab Orchard, T. (230.) Coshatta Village, Ark, (277.) Crabs Bottom, Va. (174.) Craftsburv, Vt. (37.) Crawford sville, Ind. (122.) Crocket, N. C. (254.) Croghanviile, O. (99.) Crooked Lake Canal, see "N". York, (79.) Cross River, Miss. (296.) Cr. Keys, Va. (217.) 32 CRO Croton, N. York, (109.) Crown Point, N. Y. (60.) Crow Town, Ala. (249.) Cru;?ers T., Md. (155.) CufFeyT., S.C. (271.) Culbrealhs, S. C. (271.) Cumberland, Md. (154.) Cumberland, Va. (197.) Cumberland R., K. (207.) DELAWARE. Cumberland R. K. & T. (2C9.) Cumberland I., G. (318.) Cumberland Gap, Va.(211.) Cumberland and Oxford Canal, see Maine, (63.) Cunningham, Id. O. (100.) Currituck inlet, N. C (219.) Curwinville, P. (104.) Cuthbert, G. (302.) D. Duguidsville, Va. (195.) Dalesville, Ala. (301.) Dallas, T. (229.) Damascus, O. (98.) Damascus, P. (107.) Dan Navigation, see Virg. (215.) Danbury, C. (109.) Danbury N. C. (215.) Danby, Vt. (61.) Dandridge, T. (231.) Danielsville, G. (251.) Danville, P. (132.) Dansville, N. Y. (79.) Danville, Vt. (37.) Danville, II. (121.) Danville, K. (190.) Danville, Va. (215.) Darlington, S.C. (255.) Darlington, C.H.,S.C. (256.) Darien, G. (305.) Davidsonville, Ark. (204,) Davis, Va. (2 1 7.) Dayton, O. (148.) Decatur, II. (144.) Decatur, G. (269.) Dedham, Mass. (85.) Defiance, O. (98.) Delaware, state of, (157,) is divided into three counties. Population 76,739, including 3,305 slaves. Area, 2,200 square miles. Capital, Dover. Metropolis, Wilmington ; Lat 39° 44' N. Long. 1° 23' E. General Election, first Tuesday in October. Legislature meet, first Tuesday in January, biennially. Constitution formed, 1792. Government. — Governor, term of office lour years; elect- ed by the people; salary, $1,333, not eligible a second time. Legislature consists of a Senate, nine members. House of Representatives composed of twenty -one members. Judiciary. — Comprehends a court of errors and appeal ; a superior court; a court of chancery ; an orphan's court ; DEL DET 33 a court of oyer and terminer ; and some otlxer minor courts. Physical Structure. — The two southern counties in this State are level. In tlie Northern part of New Castle county hills of considerable elevation occur. One of the most re- markable features in the natural geography of the state, is the noted swamp, situated on the summit of the main ridge, from which the water flows into both the Chesapeake Bay on the West and Delaware on the East. Riters. — Delaware, Indian, Mispiilion, Duck, Brandy- wine, and Christiana creeks, branches of the Delaware, Nantikoke River which flows into Chesapeake Bay. Islands. — Pea Patch, Reedy and Bombay, Hook Islands. Productions. — Wheat, rye, Indian corn, barley, oats, buckwheat, &c. Towns. — Wilmington, New Castle, Dover, Delaware City, Milford, Georgetown, Lewistown, &c. Internal Improvements. — Chesapeake and Delaware canal from Delaware to Bohemia ; length 13 63-100 miles. New Castle and French town Rail Road extends from New Castle to French town, length l6 19-100 miles. A Rail Road to extend from Wilmington to Downingtown in Pennsylvania is proposed. Delaware, O. (125.) Delhi, N. Y. (82.) Delaware, R. P. (134.) Delphi, Ind. (P22.) Delaware Bay, N. J. ( 157.) Demofolis, Ala. (283.) Delaware, Va, (198.) Demints, 11. (165.) Delaware Sf Raritan Canal, Denton, Md. (178.) see N. Jersey, (134.) Dennyville, Me. (42.) Delaware & Raritan Feeder, Dennis Cr. N. J. (158.) see N, Jersey, (134.) Dcpo.sit, N. J. (81.) Delaware, Ark. T. (260.) Deerfield, O. (101.) Detroit, Mich. (74.) This is the present capital of the state of Michigan. Its population is now (1837,) about 6,000. Founded by the French in 1670. The public buildings are, a legislative hall, market and court houses, churches, &c. 34 DETROIT. ROUTES FROM DETROIT. To Cincinnati, R. Rogue, Brownstown, Monroe, Perrysburg-, Fin ley, Hardin, Bellefontainc, West Liberty, Urban a, Springfield, Yellow Springs, Xenia, Waynesville, Lebanon, Reading, Cincinnati, by Stage. 10 16 19 35 30 65 40 105 31 136 22 158 8 166 11 177 14 191 9 200 9 209 15 224 9 233 21 254 10 264 Factory, 16 102 ! Post O. St. Joseph's j River, 50 152 1 Edwardsville, 20 172 ! Calamic River, 81 253 Chicago, 14 267 To Chicago, via Montcalm. To Bufalo, by Steam Boat. Sandwich, 3 Fighting Island, 5 8 Grosse I. 7 15 Amherstburg, 4 19 Middle Sister, 20 39 Bass I. 17 56 Sandusky, 19 75 Cleveland, 60 135 Fairport, 30 165 Erie, Pa. 74 239 Westfield, 30 269 Dunkirk, 15 284 Cattaraugus, 13 297 Buffalo, 28 325 To Chicago, by Stage. R. Rouge, 10 Ypsilanti, 18 28 Jackson, 11 39 Jones ville, 47 86 Schwartzburg Dexter, Montcalm, Kalinazoo, Mouth of St. Joseph's 20 29 49 25 74 63 137 47 184 Chicago by Steam B. 64 248 To Chicago, by Steam Boat. 12 18 30 8 38 12 50 6 56 7 63 Grants Pt. Horsons I. Coitrcllville, Palmer, Bunceville, Fort Gratiot, White Rock, Pt. au Barques, Thunder Island, Middle L Presque I. Mackinaw, Beaver I. Manitou I. Chicago, 42 105 35 140 30 no 25 195 60 255 55 310 45 355 35 390 250 640 To Ft. Howard, Green Bay by Steam Boat. Beaver I. as above, 355 1. Brule, 30 385 G. Traverse, 10 395 Die EASTON. 35 Chambers I. 25 420 Saginaw, 34 93 Green I. 15 435 Fort Howard, 40 475 To Fort Gratiot, by Stage. _ Mt. Clemens, 20 To Saginaw, by Stage. Palmer, 26 46 Pontiac, 24 Biinceville, 6 52 Indian Vil. 35 59 Ft. Gratiot, 7 59 Dickinsonville, Va. (212.) Dismal Swamp Canal. See Va. (218.) Dittos, Ala. (248.) Dixmont, Me. (40.) Dixon's F., 11. (93.) Doaks, Miss. (280.) Dobson, N. C. (2i4.) Doby Inlet, G. (305.) Doctortown, G. (305.) Dagsboro, D. (178.) Donaldsonville, Lou. (308.) Dorchester, S. C. (290.) Dorchester, L. C. (15.) Dover, N. H. (63.) Dover, capital of the state of Delaware, (157.) Dover, Va. (197.) Dover, T. (207.) E. Downing T., Pa. (133.) Doylestown, Pa. (133.) Drehr's Canal. See S. C. (253.) Drummondton, Va. (199.) Dresden T. (206.) Duanesburg, N. Y. (82.) Dublin, G. (288.) Duerville, N. Y. (36.) Dulatsburg,P. (13.3.) Dumfries, Va. (176.) Dumfries, Ala. (298.) Dundaff, P. (107.) Dunkirk, Va. (197.) Dunlapsville, Ind. (148.) Dunn, Ala. (266.) Duplin, C.H.,N.C. (257.) Dwight, Ark. T. (221.) Dyersburg, T. (225.) Earleysburg, Pa. (131.) Eastport, Me. (42.) East Andover, Me. (39.) Easton, Pa. (1 33,) a flourishing town, and seat of justice of Northampton county. It contains a court house, jail, acadamy, and two banks, with a population of about 6000. ROUTES FROM EaSTON. To Mauch Chunk, by Canal. Bethlehem, 12 Allentown, 5 17 Berlin, 11 28 Lehighton, 14 42 iMauch Cimnk, 4 46 To Bristol, by Penn, canal. Raubsville, 5 Monroe, 6 11 Erwentown, 9 20 Lumberville, 9 29 New Hope, 6 35 Taylorsville, 8 43 36 £AS ELM Yardleyville, 3 46 Morrisville, 4 50 Tullytown, 5 55 Bristol, 5 60 To Jersey City, by canal. Racket's, N. J. Morris 26 Dover, 20 46 Boon ton, 10 56 Paterson, 16 72 Newark, 14 86 Jersey City, 14 100 To Reading, by Stage. Bethlehem, 10 AUentown, 6 16 Trexlersville, 8 24 KutztowD, 9 33 Reading, 17 50 Easton, Md. (178.) East Fork, Ind. (167.) Eaton, O. (148.) Eatonton, G. (270.) Ebenezer, G. (280.) Ebensburg, P. (130.) Edenton, N. C. (218.) Edgar Town, Mass. (112.) Edgefield, S. C. (272.) Eduiglon, Me. (41.) Edinburg, G. (:>52.) Edisto R., S C. (273.) Edwardsburg, Mich. T. (96.) Edwardsville, II. (164.) EddyviUe, K. (187.) Egnice, N. C. (215.) Elba, N. Y. (36.) To Wilkesbarre, by Stage. Wind Gap, J 3 Stoddartsvillc, 27 40 Wilkesbarre, 18 58 To New York, by Stage. Schooley's Mt. Springs, 26 Morristown, 21 47 Newark, 19 66 New York, 10 76 To Philadelphia, by Stage. Ottsville, 17 Doylestown, 15 32 Willow Grove, 11 43 Philadelphia, 13 56 To Trenton, N. J., by Stage. Bloonfisbury, N. J. 8 Flemmington, 19 27 Pennington, 16 43 Trenton, 8 51 Elberton, G. (252.) Elizabeth I., Mass. (112.) Elizabethtown, N. J. (134.) Elizabethtown, K.(189.) Elizabeth, Mo. (162.) Elizabeth, N. C. (256.) Elizabeth City, N. C. (218.) Elkton, T. (227.) Elkton, Md. (157.) Elkton, K. ^207.) Elkhart Grove, II. (143.) Ellicott, Md. (156.) Elhcottsville, N. Y. (78.) Ellis, N. C. (256.) Ellisville, Miss. (297.) Edisto I., S. C. (290.) Elms, S. C. (290.) ELM FLORIDA. 37 Elmore, Vt. (37.) Elyria, O. (100.) Elysian Fields, Miss. (295.) Elyton, Ala. (267.) Emporium, Pa. (104.) Enjield Canal seeCt. (110.) Englishman's Bay, Me. (42.) Epels, S. C. (254.) Erie Canal, in N. Y. (56.) Erie, Ala. (283.) Ernesttown, U. C. (33.) Erie, Pa. (76.) Errol, N. H. (38.) Essex, N. Y. (36.) Estelsviile, Va. (212.) Etowah, G. (250.) Etowah R., G. (250.) Euphrata, Pa. (132.) Eutaw Springs, S. C. (273.) Evansville, Ind. (166.) Evansham, Va. (213.) Exeter, N. H. (86.) Fairfield, C. (109.) Fairfield, II. (165.) Fairfield, Va. (195.) Fairfax, Va. (175.) Florida, (313.) The territory of Florida is divided into 19 counties, and has a population of about 44,000. Area 55,680 square miles. Government. — The Governor is appointed by the Presi- dent, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate : — salary, $^,500 per annum. Secretary, — salary, $1,500. The Legislative Council consists of sixteen members, and meets annually (at Tallahassee) on the first Monday in Jiinuary. Juriiciary. — There are four judges, appointed by the President and senate — one ibr each of the four districts which have been named. The salary of each, $1,500. Physical Structure. — The entire Territory of Florida, 4 Fairfax, Va. (176.) Fairhaven, O. (100.) Fairview, O. (127.) Falmouth, K. (169.) Falmouth, Mass. (112.) Fannetsburg, Pa. (131.) Farmington, Ct. (110.) Farmington Canal. See Ct. (108.) Farmington, Mo. (184.) Farrington, II. (118.) Farmville, Va. (196.) Fayetteville, N. C. (236.) Fayetteville, T. (228.) Fayetteville, Ala. (266.) Fayetteville, G. (269.) Finley, O. (99.) Fincastle, Va. (195.) Fish house, N. Y. (59.) FishkiU, N. Y. (109.) Fisher's I., C. (110.) Flat Rock, Pa. (153.) Flemington, N. J. (134.) Flemingsburg, K. (170.) Flint River, G. (302.) 38 FLORIDA. with the exception of a small portion west of the Appala- chicola, is remarkable for its level and unbroken surface. No elevation deserving the name of mountain, nor any hill exceeding- 300 feet in height, is to be found. In the vici- nity of Toloso, a limestone ridge occurs, merely sutficient to give motion to the waters. Natural bridges, pommon to limestone regions, abound in this section of the territory. Proceeding southward, the ridge just mentioned becomes more depressed, until it reaches the source ot the Oclawaha, where it disappears entirely, though similar geological features may be traced several miles further south. All below the 28° of N. Lat. consists of flat lands, subject to occasional, and a large portion of it, to constant submersion. Rivers. — St. Johns, Escambia, Yellow Water, Chocta- whatchie, Appalachicola, Oclackonnee, Suwanee, St. Ma- rys, «fcc. Bays. — Perdido, Pensacola, Choctawhatchie, St. An- drews, Appalachee, St. Josephs, Charlotte, Gallivans, and Chatham on the Gulf. No bays of any importance exist on the Atlantic side of the Territory ; Mosquito Lagoon, Indian river, &c., re- semble bays, but like the St. Johns, they are merely ex- panded rivers, and cannot with propriety be called bays. Productions. — Cotton, rice, sugar, tobacco, indigo, In- dian corn, &,c., together with a great variety of garden vegetables. Towns. — Tallahassee, the capital; Pensacola, St. Augus- tine, Alaqua, Webbville, Appalachicola, Quincy, Monticello, Jacksonville, &lc. Florida, F. (312.) Fort Portage, O. (99.) Florida, Ah. (298.) Fort Ann, N. Y. (60.) Florence, Ala. (247.) Fort Dearborn, II, (95.) Fords, Miss. (297.) Fort Edwards, II. (117.) Forsyth, G. (270.) Foit Erie, U. C. (77.) Forlin, Lou, (309.) Fort Brown, O. (98.) Fort Gratiot, Mich. (51.) Fort Necessity, O. (125.) Fort St. Mary, O. (124.) Fort Deposit, Ala. (248.) Fort Amanda, O. (124.) Fort Early, G. (286.) Fort Recovery, O. (124.) Fort Armstrong, Ala. (249.) FOR GALENA. 39 Fort Strother, Ala. (267.) Fort Chinnabie, Ala. (267.) Fort Talladega, Ala. (267.) Fort Williams, Ala. (267.) Fort Jackson, Ala. (284.) Fort Mitchell, Ala. (285.) Fort Bainbridge, Ala. (285.) Fort Lawrence, G. (286 ) Fort Mimms, Ala. (299.) Fort Crawford, Ala. (299.) Fort Dale, Ala. (300.) Fort James, G. (304.) Fort Gaines, G. (301.) Fort Scott, G. (315.) Fort Barrington, G. (305.) Fort Bowyer, Ala. (311.) Fort St. Phillip, Lou. (324.) Fowl, T. (314.) Francestown, N. H. (85.) Franconia, N. H. (38.) Franklin, Pa. (103.) Franklin, Va. (174.) Franklin, Ind. (147.) Franklin, K. (208.) Franklin, T. (228.) Franklin, N. C. (231.) Franklin, G. (269.) Franklin, Miss. (295.) Franklin, Lou. (322.) Franklintown, Lou. (309.) Frankhnville, G. (316.) Frankfort, II. (186.) Frankfort, Ind. (122.) Frankfort, Va. (194.) Frankfort, capital of Ken- tucky, (169.) Franktown, Va. (199.) Fraser, N.C. (217.) Fredericksburg, Ind. (167.) Fredericksburg, Va. (176.) Fredericktown, Md. (15.5.) Fredericktown, Mo. (184.) Fredericktown, O. (126.) Fredonia, N. Y. (77.) Fredonia, O. (167.) Freehold, N. J. (134.) Freeport, Pa. (129.) Freeport, Me. (63.) Frenchmans B. Me. (41.) French T., Miss. (311.) Friendsville, Pa. (106.) Fulsoms, Miss. (265.) Fryburg, Me. (62.) Foxboro, Mass. (85.) G. Gainsville, G. (251.) Galvezton, L. (309.) Galena, II. (66,) is the centre of an extensive lead re- gion, in Illinois. Population, about 2,000. ROUTES FROM GALENA. To St. Louis, by Steam Rush Creek, 8 26 Boat. Plum Creek, 10 36 Mississippi River, 4 Maradozia, 10 46 Apple Creek, 14 18 Fort Armstrong, 24 70 40 GAL GEORGIA. Copper Creek, 26 96 To Fort Winvehago by land. Fort Edwards, 100 196 Gratiot's Grove, J5 Hannibal, 41 237 Dodgevillc, 30 45 •Louisiana, 25 262 Moundville, 14 59 Illinois River, 72 334 Fort Winnebago, 54 113 Missouri River, 17 351 St. Louis, 17 368 To Chicago, by land, 169 To Prairie du Chiev. To Vandalia, by land. N. boundary of 11. 17 Rock River, 65 L. Platte Cr. 7 24 Peoria, 76 141 Grant Cr. 6 30 Springfield, 65 206 Cassville, 14 44 Vandalia, 55 261 Prairie du Chien, 24 68 Gallipolis, O. (171.) Gallatin, T. (208.) Gandysville, Va. (153.) Gap, N. H. (38.) Garland, Me. (40.) Gasconade, Mo. (162.) Gasconade R., Mo. (182.) Gasaways, II. (186.) Gates C. H., N. C. (218.) Gatewoods, II. (166.) Geneseo, N. Y. (79.) Geneva, N. Y. (80.) Georgetown, P. (132.) Georgetown, Pa. (128.) Georgetown, D. C. (176.) Georgetown, O. (170.) Georgetown, D. (178.) Georgetown, S. C. (274.) Georgetown, G. (271.) Georgetown, K. 169.) Genereau, Mich. (49.) Georgia, (270.) The state of Georgia is divided into ninety -nine counties. Population, 516,567, including 217,470 slaves. Area, 61,500 square miles. Capital Mill- edgeville. Metropolis, Savannah, Lat. 32° 03' N., Lon. 4P 03' W. General election, first Monday in October. Le- gislature meet first Monday in November. Constitution formed, 1798. Government, — The Governor is elected by the people, for two years ; salary $3,000. The legislative power is vested in a Senate and House of Representatives, styled the Gene- ral Assembly. The members of both houses are chosen annually, on the first Monday in October, and meet on the first Monday in November. One Senator is elected for each county, and tlie number of Representatives is in pro- GEORGIA.. 41 portion to population, including three-fiftlis of all the peo- ple of colour ; but each county is entitled to at least one but not more than four. Judiciary. — Superior Court, the judges of which are elected by t.he legislature, for three years, and receive an- nually $2,100 each. The justices of the inferior courts, and justices of the peace, are elected quadrennially by the people. Physical Structure. — Nearly two-thirds of the state, on the south-east, presents a level aspect, nearly destitute of mountains. North-west of the great road leading from Augusta to Columbia, the country becomes mountainous, increasing in elevation as we proceed westward, until it attains a mean altitude of about 1200 feet. This inclined plane, which contains the gold region, is suddenly termi- nated by the Blue Ridge, which separates the waters of the Tennessee from those of Coosa, &c. Rivers. — Coosa, Chaltahooche, Flint, Suwanee, Santilla, Alalamaha, Ocmulgee, Oconee, Ogechee, and Savannah. Productions. — Cotton, rice, timber, tobacco, Indian corn, and fruits in great variety and abundance. Gold and some other minerals. Internal Improvements. — Savannah and Ogechee Canal, commences at Savannah, and intersects the great Ogechee a short distance above the mouth of the Cannouchee river. An extension of this work is proposed, of sixty miles, to the Alatamaha. — Alatamaha and Brunswick Rail Road, twelve miles in length. Towns. — Savannah, Milledgeville, Augusta, Darien, Ma- con, Columbus, Washington, Louisville, St. Marys, Greens- boro, Sparta, &c. Germantown, Pa. (133.) Gilead, II. (142.) Germantown, Va. (195.) Gilford, N. H. (62.) Germantown, N. C (238.) Gilmantown, N. H. (62.) Gettysburg, Pa. (155.) Gloucester, Mas. (86.) Germantown, N. C. (214.) Gloucester, Va. (198.) Gibraltar Pt., U. C. (54.) Glasgow, K. (189.) Gibsonport, x\Iiss. (295.) Golconda, II. (186.) Gilboa, N. Y. (82.) . Goldboro, Me. (41.) 42 COL HAR Gold Region, G. (250.) Good, N. C. (233.) Gorham, Me. (63.) Goshen, N. Y." (108.) Governeur, N. Y. (34.) Grand Lake, Me. (21.) Grand Id., U. C. (33.) Grand R. Mich. (71.) Granger, 0.(101.) Granville, Mass. (84.) Gratz, Pa. (132) Gr. Egg Harbour. N. J. (158.) Gr. MenanId.,N. B.(42.) Gr. Ogechee R., G. (288.) Greensboro, Vt. (37.) Greensboro, G. (270.) Greensboro, Ala. (283.) Greensburg, Pa. (129.) Greensburg, Ind. (147.) Greensburg, K. (189.) Greenupsburg, K. (171.) Greenville, 11. (164.) H. Haddam, Con. (110.) Haddensville, Va. (196.) Hadley (south) Canal. See Massachusetts, (84.) Hagerstown, Md. (155.) Halifax, P. (132.) Halifax, N. C. (217.) Hailowell, Me. (40.) Halls, N. C. (235.) Hamburg, N. J. (108.) Hamburg, Pa. (133.) Hamburg, S. C. (272.) Hamilton, N. Y. (78.) Hamilton, O. (148.) Hamilton, Miss. (280.) Hamilton, Lou. (278.) Greenville, S. C. (252.) Greenville, K. (187.) Greenville, O. {UL) Greenville, Ind. (168.) Greenville, Mo. (184.) Greenville, T. (212.) Greenville, N. C. (237.) Greenville, Mis. ('295.) Greenfield, Mass. (84.) Greenfield, Jnd. (147.) Greenfield, O. (149.) Greensville, Va. ("213.) Greensville, Ala. (300.) Green River, K. (187 ) Greene C. H., Miss. (298.) Greene, N. Y. (81.) Greencastle, Ind. (146.) Greencastle, P. (15.5.) Greenock, Ark. (224.) Grinders, T. (227.) Grabb, Lou. (294.) Guildhall, Vt. (38.) Guyandpt, Va. (171.) Hampton, Va. (198.) Hampton, N. J. (158.) Hampton, Lou. (309.) Hanbyville, Ala. (267.) Hancocks T., Md. (154.) Hannas, N. C. (235.) Hanover, N.H. (61.) Hanover, Va. (197.) Hardin, O. (124.) Hardin, O. (125.) Hardinsburg, K. (168.) Hardinsville, (2'i!6.) Hardwich, Mass. (r4.) Hartford, Md. (156.) Hargrovcs, Ala. (267.) Harlaem cH, see N. Y. (135.) HARTFORD. 43 Harlaem Rail Road, see N. York, (135.) Harlecsville, S. C. (255.) Harmony, Me. (40.) Harmony, Pa. (128.) Harmony, Ind. (166.) Harperfidd, N. Y. (82.) Harpersfifid, O. (101.) Harper's Ferry, Va. (155.) Harpshead, K. (187.) Harrington, Me. (42.) Harrisburg, Pa. (132.) Harrisburg, T. (2^5.) Harrisonburg, Va. (175.) Harrisoi.burg, Lou. (294.) Harrisville, Va. (217.) Harrisonville, II. (163.) Harrodsburg, K. (190.) Hartford, Con. (110,) one of the capitals of Connecticut, and next to New Haven, the most populous town in the state ; population 9,789 ; its public buildings consist cf the State House, Deaf and Dumb Asylum on Tower-hill, the Lunatic Asylum, College, and several splendid churches. ROUTES FROM HARTFORD. To New Haven , by Stage. Mendon, 12 74 Newington, 6 Med way, 9 83 Worthington, 6 12 Dover, 12 95 Meriden, 6 18 Brooklyne, 11 106 Wallingford, 4 22 Boston, 4 no North Haven, 9 31 New Haven, 5 36 To Providence, by Stage. Ashford, as above, 28 To New Haven, via Middle- Pom fret, 14 42 town, by Stage. Killingly, 6 48 Stepney, 8 Providence, 26 74 Middletown, 8 16 Durham, 7 23 To New London, by Stage. Northford, 8 31 Glastenbury, 7 New Haven, 10 41 Marlboro, 11 18 Colchester, 8 26 To Bonton, by Stage. New Salem, 7 33 Ellington, 14 Chesterfield, 6 39 Tolland, 5 19 New London, 7 46 Willington, 7 26 Ashford, 2 2d To Springjield^ by Stage. Thompson, 20 48 Windsor, 7 Douglass, 14 62 Warehouse Ft. 7 14 44 HAR HOP Enfield, 4 18 Springfield, 10 28 To Worcester by Stage. Tolland, 19 Stafl^ord Spr. 8 27 Stafford Ch. 2 29 Sturbridge, 23 52 Charlton, 10 62 Worcester, 10 72 To Salisbury, by Stage. Northington, 9 Canton, 5 14 Winsted, 12 26 Norfolk, 10 36 N.Canaan, 5 41 Salisbury, 7 48 Hartford, K. (188.) Hartford, N. C. (218.) Hartford, G. (287.) Hartsville, T. (208.) Harwich, Mass. (112.) Hauppage, N. Y. (135.) Havana, Ala. (246.) Haverhill, N. H. (37.) Havre de Grace, Md. (156.) Haysboro, T. (208.) Hyatts, L. C. (17.) Hazlepatch, K. (191.) Helena, Ark. (244.) Hempstead, N. Y. (135.) Henderson, II. (118.) Henderson, K. (187.) Henderson, N. C, (234.) Hennepin, II. (93.) Henry C. H., G. (269.) Herculaneum, Mo. (163.) Hereford Inlet, N. J. (158.) Herkimer, N. Y. (59.) HiokB, G. (249.) To Litchfield, by Stage. Farmington, 10 Burlington, 9 19 Harwinton, 7 26 Litchfield, 8 34 To Banbury, by Stage. Farmington, 10 Bristol, 7 17 Plymouth, 6 23 Watertown, 7 30 Woodbury, 7 37 Newtown, 15 52 Danbury, 9 61 Hickstown, F. (316.) Hicksford, Va. (217.) Hickory Hill, S. C. (289.) Hickory T., Pa. (103.) High Pt., U. C. (74.) Hill,N. C. (217.) Hills West, N. C. (80.) Hillsboro, Ind. (143.) Hillsboro, O. (149.; Hillsboro, N. C. (215.) Hillsboro, N. H. (162.) Hilton Head, S. C. (290.) Hindostan, Ind. (167.) Hogton, N. C. (237.) Hollidaysburg, Pa. (130.) Holmes, F. (314.) Holmesville, Miss. (296.) Holmesville, G. (304.) Holston R., Va. (213.) Hookset Canal, see New Hampshire, (62.J Hoof Inn, N. C. (238.) Hope, N. J. (134.) ILLINOIS. 45 Hopctown, N. Y. (80.) Hulinsbur^, Pa. (103.) Hopkinton, N. Y. (35.) Humes, S. C. (274.) Hopkinlon, N. H. (62,) Huntcrsville, Va. (173.) Hopkinsville, K. (207.) Huntingdon, Pa. (130.) Horn T., Va. (11)9.) Huntingdon, T. (206.) Horns, N. C. (256.) Hunts, N. Y. (79.) Horry, G. (2S6.) Huntsville, N. C. (214.) Hot Springs, Ark. (241.) Huntsville, Ala. (248.) Howards, S. C. (255.) Huntsville Canal, see Ala- Hudson, N. Y. (83.) bama, (248.) Hudson Sf Delaware Canal, Huntsville, S. C. (253.) see New York, (108.) Huston, N. C. (254.) Hughsville, Va. (214.) Huttonsville, Va. (173.) Illinois, state of, (186,) is divided into 72 counties. The population in 1830, was 157,445, but has greatly in- creased since. Area, 57,900 square milles. Capital and metropolis, Vandalia, lat. 38° 58' N., Ion. IP 57' W. Go- neral election, first Monday in August, biennially. Legis- lature meets first Monday in December every second year, Date of constitution, 1818. Government. — Governor is elected for four years, salary $1000. The lieutenant-governor is president of the senate. The " General Assembly" consists of a senate and house of representatives. The members of the former are elected for four years, and those of the latter biennially ; pay of each, three dollars a day ; meet every other year on the first Monday in December. General electicn, first Mon- day in August, biennially. Judiciary. — The Supreme Court consists of a chief jus- tice and three associate judges; salary of each $1000. They hold circuit courts also. There is another judge ior the circuit north of Illinois river. The court of county commissioners, is composed of three persons, who are elected every two years. Justices of the peace are elected by the people, and hold office four years. There is a judge of probate in each county. Imprisonment for debt, except in certain cases, is not allowed. Slavery is prohibited by the constitution. Fhysical Structure. — The whole slate is remarkably 46 INDIANA. level, having no mountains, nor indeed any hills of great elevation. In the northern part of the state, a partial change in the surface is perceptible ; the country is somewhat bro- ken and undulating, but its level character is maintained throughout the whole. The " American Bottom" so called, celebrated for its fertility, extends along the left bank of the Mississippi, from the mouth of the Missouri to Kaskas- kia, nearly ninety miles. Prairies and barrens abound to a great extent in this state ; probably one half of its surface consists of these natural meadows. Rivers. — Mississippi, Rock, lUinois, Sangamo, Kaskas- kia, Ohio and Wabash. Productions. — Indian corn, wheat, tobacco, cotton, lead, &c. Internal Improvements. — Are merely prospective, none having yet been completed. A canal about 100 miles in length, from Ottowa, or pel haps from Hennepin, lower down the Illinois to lake Michigan, is now in progress. Towns. — Vandalia, Edwardsville, Belleville, Carrolton, Albion, Kaskaskia, Shawneetown, Springfield, Beards- town, Ottowa, Galena, and many others. IlUnois R., II. (94.) lUinois R., Ark. (200.) Illinois Canal. See II. (94.) Indiana, Pa. (129.) Indiana, state of, (166,) is divided into eighty-six coun- ties, and had, in 1 83(), a population of 343,031 . Area, 36,500 square miles. Capital, Indianapolis; metropolis New Al- bany, lat. 38° 19' N. long. 8° 44' W. Date of constitution, 1816. General election, 1st Monday in August. Legisla- ture meet, 1st Monday in December. Government. — The Governor is elected for three years ; salary $1,0U0 per annum. Lieutenant-Governor is presi- dent of the Senate, and receives two dollars per day during the session of the legislature. The legislature is called the General Assembly of Indi- ana, and is composed of a senate, the members of which are elected for three years, and a house of representatives, whose members are elected annually. The number of the former is at present 30, and the latter 75. Pay of mem- bers of both houses is two dollars a day each. INDIANA. — INDIANAPOLIS. 47 Judiciary. — The judiciary power is vested in a Supreme Court, circuit courts, and such other inferior courts as the general assembly may establish. The supreme court con- sists of three judges, and each of the circuit courts con- sists of a president and two associates. All the judges hold their office for seven years, if not removed for improper conduct. The judges of the supreme court are appointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate. The presiding judges of the circuit courts are appointed by the legisla- ture, and the associates are elected by the people. 'Ihere are seven presiding judges of circuit courts. The judges of the supreme and circuit courts receive $700 per annum. The associate judges receive $2 a day each, during the session of the courts. Physical Structure. — The country along the Ohio, from the Wabash to the Miami, and 20 or 25 miles back, pre- sents a broken and hilly appearance ; it is not, however, hilly in the strict sense of the term. The ridges, commonly so called, are mere buttresses which support the elevated plateaus in the rear. These gorges have evidently been occasioned by the abrasions of the streams which have thus formed those dark ravines which abound in this part of the state. In the central portions, the land is less broken, and inthenorthnomountainsor hillsofany magnitude exist. Rivers. — Ohio, Wabash, White Water, Laugherry , Sil- ver, Indian, the four last are merely creeks. Productions. — Corn, wheat, rye, buckwheat, oats, flour, &c., many sorts of vegetables grow in great abundance. Internal Improvoments. — Wabash and Erie Canal. It is to extend from Lafayette to the eastern boundary of the state. Length 127 miles. Towns. — Indianapolis, the capital ; Vincennes, Law- rcnceburg, Aurora, Vevey, Madison, JefFersonville, New Al- bany, Fredonia, Troy, New Harmony, Riclunond, Logan- port, Lafayette, &c. &.c. Indianapolis, (146.) ROUTES FROM INDIANAPOLIS. To New Albany, by Stage. I Edinburg, 10 30 Franklin, 20 Columbus, 12 42 48 INDIANAPOLIS. JAM Brownstown, Vallona, Salem, Greenville, N. Albany, 25 67 3 70 19 89 24 113 9 122 (Thence to Louisville, K. 3 miles.) To Cincinnati, by Stage. Rushville, 40 Somerset, 14 54 Brookeville, 11 65 Harrison, 17 82 Miami, 8 90 Cincinnati, 15 105 To Vincennes, by Stage. Port Royal, 16 Martinville, 14 30 Spencer, 24 54 Bloomfield, 23 77 Vincennes, 45 122 To Vandalia, 11. by Stage. Belville, 20 Greencastle, R. Terrehaute, Embarras R. Ewington, Vandalia, 17 37 33 70 45 115 25 140 30 170 To Covington, by Stage. Craw ford sville 50 Covington, 29 79 To Wayne, by Stage. Connerstown, 17 NoblesviUe, 4 21 Strawtown, 7 28 Wayne, 83 111 To Columbus, O. by Stage. Greenfield 20 Centreville, 44 64 Richmond, 6 70 Lewisburg, 17 87 York, 16 103 Springfield, 26 129 Columbus, 43 172 Infield, N.C. (217.) Instantur, Pa. (104.) Ipswich, Me. (86.) Irvine, K. (191.) Jackson, Mich. (73.) Jackson O. (150.) Jackson, Mo. (185.) Jackson, T. (226.) Jackson, capital of Miss. (280.) Jackson, Ala. (298.) Jacksonville, II. (142.) Jacksonville, G. (303.) Jacksonville, F. (318.) J. Ithaca 4" Owego Rail Road. See N. Y. Ischua, N. Y. (78.) Isle of Wight, Va. (218.) Jacksonburg, O. (148.) Jacksonboro, G. (289.) Jacksonboro, S. C. (290.) . Jacksboro, T. (210.) Jaifrcy, N. H. (84.) Jamaica, N. Y. (135.) Jamestown, N. Y. (77.) James River Canals, see Virginia, (197.) James R. Va. (197. JAM KENTUCKY. 49 James and Jackson R.Canal, Jefferson, Va. (176.) see Va. (11)6.) James I., S. C. (219.) Jamesville, S. C. (273.) Jasper, T. (229.) Jay, Me. (.39.) Jefferson, O. (102.) Jefferson, P. (103.) Jefferson, Mo. (161.) Kalamizoo, R., Mich. (71.) Kanawha Navigation, see Virginia, (172.) Kanawha R., Va. (172.) Kankakee, R., Ind. (95.) Kaskaskia, R., II. (144.) Kaskaskie, Ind. (95.) Kaskaskia, II. (185.) Keene, N. H. (84.) Jefferson, N. C. (213.) Jefferson, Miss. (ii46.) Jefferson, G. (251.) Jefferson, G. (318.) Jeffersimville, Ind. (168.) Jeffersonville, Va. (193.) Jericho, N. Y. (81.) K. Kempsville, Va. (218.) Kelleyvale, (Va.) Kenjua, P. (103.) Kennard, G. (302.) Kennebeck R., Me. (40.) Kennebeck R., Me. (64.) Kennebunk, Me. (63.) Kent I., Md. (177.) Kentucky R., K. (191.) Kentucky stale of, (206,) is divided into 84 counties. Population in 1830, 687,917, including 165,2)3 slaves. Area, 40,500 square miles. Capital Frankfort, metropolis Louisville, Lat. 3S° lb' N. Long. 8° 46' W. General election first Monday in August. Legislature meet, first Monday in November. Constitution framed, 1799. Governmerit. — Governor's term of office, four years. Salary $2,000 per annum. Lieutenant-governor $4 per day, as president of the senate ; secretary of state, $750 ; auditor, register, and treasurer, each $1,500. The legislature consists of a Senate and House of Repre- sentatives, styled the General Assembly of the Common- wealth of Kentucky. The members of the former are chosen for 4 years; those of the latter annually. The senate consists' of 38 members ; and the house of repre- sentatives of 100. The members of both houses receive $2 per day during the session of the legislature. Judiciary. — The court of appeals consistsof a Chief Jus- tice and two other Judges; salary of each $1,500. Cir- cuit courts; the state is divided into 16 judicial districts 60 KENTUCKY. for holding circuit courts. There is a judge for each cir- cuit, who has jurisdiction of law cases over $50, and of chan- cery cases over £5, and holds three terms a year in each county of his circuit. The salary of the judges of the cir- cuit courts is $1000 per annum. County courts are also held by three or more justices of the peace. Their juris- diction is over inferior suits. They hear appeals from the decisions of single justices. Physical Structure. — The south-eastern portion of this state borders upon the Allegheny rangeof mountains, some of the spurs and detached ridges of which descend for a considerable distance into it. That part of the state is con- sequently of a mountainous character, with lofty eminences and deep ravines and valleys between them, affording land- scape views of uncommon boldness and beauty. Along the Ohio river, and extending from 10 to 20 miles in different places from it, are the " Ohio Hills," parallel with that beautiful stream. These hills are often high, generally gracefully rounded and conical, with narrow vales and bottoms around their bases. They give to that portion of the state, though which they extend, a very rough ap- pearance. They are covered with lofty forests, and have often a good soil on their sides and summits. The alluvial bottoms between them and the Ohio, and along the streams which fall into that river, are of the richest kind. Rivers. — Ohio, Big and Little Sandy, Licking, Kentucky, Salt, Green, Cumberland, Tennessee, &c. Productions. — Indian corn, wheat, rye, buckwheat, oats, hemp, tobacco, &c. Internal Improvements. — Louisville and Portland canal. Length about one and a half miles. Lexington and Ohio Rail Road, commences at Lexington, passes through Frank- fort, and thence to Shippingport, near Louisville. Length 85 miles. Towns. — Frankfort the capital ; Lexington, Louisville, Marysville, Greensburg, Augusta, Newport, Covington, Port William, Owenboro, Henderson, Flemingsburg, Wash- ington, Pat-is, Georgetown, Harrodsburg, Verseilles, Bards- town, Shelbyvillc, Russelville, Bowling-green, Princeton, KNOXVILLE. Glasgow, together with others, many of them equally im- portant. Keys, N. J. (158.) Kilbourns, Vt. (37.) Killingworth, Con. (110.) Kilpatricks, II. (164.) Kinderhook, N. Y. (83.) Kingston, U. C. (33.) Kingston, N. Y. (108.) Kingston, R. L (111.) Kingston, Md. (178.) Kingston, T. (230.) Knoxville, T. (231,) the most important town in east Tennessee. Population about 3,000. The public buildings consists of a college, several churches, county offices, &.c. ROUTES FROM KNOXVILLE. Kingston, N. C. (237.) Kingstree, S. C. (^274.) Kings, N. C. (237.) Kings, S. C. (289.) K. Geo. C. H. Va. (176.) K.&- Queens C.H.Va. (198.) Kingwood, Va. (153.) Kinsman, 0.(102. Kittanning, Pa. (129.) To Nashville, by Stage. Loveville, 14 Kingston, Crab Orchard, 23 37 20 57 Sparta, Liberty, Lebanon, 38 95 32 127 26 153 Nashville, 28 181 To Abingdon, Va. I Rutledge, Bean's Station, by Stage. 32 10 42 Mooresburg, Rogersville, Kingsport, Blountsville, 8 50 13 63 26 89 17 106 Abingdon, Va. 24 130 Knoxville, G. (286.) T Lacadie, L. C. (15.) 1 To Warm Springs, N. C. by Stage. Dandridge, 32 Newport, 15 47 Warm Springs, N.C. 28 75 To Athens, by Stage. Maryville, 8 Madisonville, 29 37 Athens, 15 52 To Clinton, 18 — Jacksboro, 36 — Montgomery, 54 — Tazewell, 50 Kutztown, Pa. (133.) L. Lafayette, Ind. (122.) 52 LAG LANCASTER. La Grange, G. (269.) LakeChamplain,N.Y. (36.) Lake Ontario, N. Y. (55.) Lake Michigan, Mich. (69.) Lake St. Clair, Mich. (74.) Lake Erie, O. (100.) Lake Borgne, Lou. (.310.) Lake Ponchartrain, Lou. (309.) L. St. Francis, L. C. (14.) L. of the two Mts. L. C. (14.) L. George, N. Y. (60.) L. George, F. (330.) L. Mernphramagog, L. C. (16.) L. Mermentou, Lou. (321.) L. Bernard, G. (286.) Lancaster, N. H. (38.) Louisville and Portland Canal, see Ken. (168.) La Fourche Canal, see Lou- isiana, (323.) Lake Veret Canal, see Lou- isiana, (323.) Lackawaxen Canal, see Pennsylvania, (108.) Lake Drumrnond Canal, see N. Carolina, (218.) Lancaster Canal, see Ohio, (150.) Lehigh ISavigntion, see Pennsylvania, (133.) Lackawaxen Rail Road, see see Pennsylvania, (107.) Lykins Valley Rail Road, sec Pennsylvania, (132.) Loricks Canal, see S. Caro- lina, {253.) Lockhart Canal, see South Carolina, (253.) Lancaster, Pa. (132.) The city ake Palourde, 13 112 Berwick's Bay, 10 122 Franklin, 21 143 FaussePt. 27 170 St. Martinsville, 8 178 Opelousas, 36 214 _____ i| To Nashville, by Stage, via I Florence, Ala. ^ L. Ponchartrain, 5 Madisonville, 27 32 Covington, 7 39 Jacksonville, 33 72 Columbia, 30 102 Ellisville, 48 150 Old Church, 47 197 Koomsha, 45 242 Columbus, 68 310 Pikeville, 64 374 Russelville, 30 404 Florence, 22 426 Lawrenceburg, 41 467 Mt. Pleasant, 22 489 Columbia, 11 500 Franklin, 23 523 Nashville, 18 541 N. Philadelphia, O. (127.) Newport, N. Y. (55.) NEW YORK. 81 Newport, N. H. (61.) Newtown, Mich. (48.) Newport, Ind. (145.) Newtown, N. Y. (80.) Newport, R. 1. (HI.) Newtown, N. J. (108.) Newport, Mo. (162.) Newtown, II. (143.) Newport, O. (151.) Newville, Pa. (131.) Newport, T. (231.) New York, Va. (175.) N. Paltz, N. Y. (108.) New York, state of, (78,) is divided into 56 counties. Population in 1830, 1,913,508, including 46 slaves. Area, 49,000 square miles. Capital, Albany ; metropolis. New York ; lat. 40° 43' N., long., 2^ 55' E.; general election at such time in October or November, as the legislature may provide. Legislature meet, first Tuesday in January ; Con- stitution formed, 1821. Government. — Governor, term of office two years, salary, $4,000. Lieutenant-governor and president of the senate, pay, $6 a day during the session. Legislature — senate con- sisting of 32 members, who are elected for four years, one- fourth being chosen annually. House of representatives, consists of 128 members, elected annually. Judiciary. — Court of chancery, one chancellor, $,2000 per annum ; register, &c. The eight circuit judges are vice- chancellors for their respective circuits. Supreme court — chief justice, $2,000 a year, and two associate judges, each $2,000 per annum. There are eight circuit courts, with eight judges, salary of each, $1,250. Supreme court of the city of New York, chief justice and two associate judges, pay of each, $2,500 per annum. Physical Structure. — The eastern part of the state is greatly diversified ; the Allegheny mountains pass through this section about 70 miles above the city of New York, cross tiie Hudson below Newburg, and pass in a north-east direction into the state of Massachusetts. Somewhat farther north, the Catskill mountains may be seen in the distance ; these are the most elevated mountains in the state. There are mountains of great elevation west of Lake Champlain, some of which are 3000 feet above the lake. The western part of the state is merely undulating, being entirely des- titute of such moxintains as mark its eastern section. 82 NEW YORK. Rivers. — Hudson, St. Lawrence, Mohawk, Delaware, Susquehanna, Allegheny, Genesee, Oswego, Black, Oswe- gatchie, Raquetle, Saranac, &c. Productions. — Wheat, corn, rye, oats, flax, hemp, several kinds of grasses, vegetable and fruit. Iron is found in great abundance, gypsum, limestone, marble, slate, and lead occur in many places. In the centre of the state, salt i3 made in immense quantities. The mineral springs of New York are well known, the chief of which, those at Sara- toga, are resorted to by people from all quarters. Cities and Towns, — New York, (city); Albany, the capital, Troy, Utica, Rochester, Buffalo, Schenectady, Hud- son, Newburg, Poughkeepsie, Catskill, together with a large number of incorporated villages, and others not in- corporated, having names different from their respective townships. Internal Improvements. — Erie Canal, from Albany to Buffalo, length, 363 miles. — Champlain Canal, from the Erie Canal to Whitehall, length, 72 miles. — Hudson and Delaware Canal, from Hudson river near Kingston, to the mouth of the Lackawaxen, length, 82^ miles. — Oswego Canal, from Salina, to Oswego, length 38 miles. — Seneca Canal, from Montezuma to Geneva, length 20 miles. — ■ Chemung Canal, from Elmyra to Seneca Lake, length 31 miles. — Crooked Lake Canal, from Penyan to Seneca Lake, 7 miles. — Tonnewanta Canal, from the Erie Canal, near Wrightsville, to Tonnawanta creek, length 13 miles. Harlaem Canal, on Manhattan Island, from the Hudson to East river, It ngth IJ miles. Proposed Canals. — Chenango Canal, from Binghampton to Erie Canal, length 93 miles. — Black River Canal, fromi Rome to the falls of Black river, 40 miles. — Sodus Canal, from Sodus Bay, to Seneca river, «fcc. &-c. Rail Roads. — Mohawk and Hudson Rail Road, from Albany to Schenectady, 16 miles. — Schenectady and Sara- toga Rail Road, from Schenectady to Saratoga Springs, 20 miles, — Catskill and Canajoharie Roil Road, from Catskill to Canajoharie, (now in progress,) 70 miles. — Ithaca and Owego Rail Road, 29 miles. — Harlaem Rail Road, on Manhattan Island. — Rochester Rail Road, (now in pro- NEW YORK. 83 gress,) from Rochester to a point below the falls of Gene- see. — Schenectady and Utica Rail Road, (now in progress,) length, 80 miles. — Bath Rail road, from Bath to Crooked Lake, 5 miles. — Rochester and Batavia Rail Road, (in pro- gress,) 28 miles. — Troy and Ballston Rail Road, (in pro- gress,) 22 miles. Several other rail roads are proposed in various parts of the state. New York city, (134.) The commercial emporium of the United States, and metropolis of the state of New York, is situated at the point of junction of the Hudson and East rivers ; in N. lat. 40° 42' and E. long. 0° 55' 30" from Washington. The city proper, or that portion where the population is mostly concentrated, occupies the southern quarter of Manhattan island, the whole of which, including Harlaem, Yorkville, and some other villages, is under the jurisdiction of the city corporation, and is identical with the county of New York. The city, together with the suburbs just mentioned, contained in 1830, upwards of 30,000 buildings, and 213,470 inhabitants. The population at this time (1837) may be estimated at 288,000. The dense- ly settled part of the island, or what is called " the city," has an outline of 50,000 feet or ten miles, nearly. Its prin- cipal streets are Broadway, in which most of the retail bisiness is transacted, Greenwich street, Pearl street, Broad, Wall and Chatham sts., the Bowery, Maiden-Lane, &c. &c. The public buildings, and objects of curiosity, are the city hall, in the park, exchange buildings* in Wall street, college, hospital, and Clinton hall, in Broadway ; battery, castle garden, N. Y. Institution, academy of fine arts, alms-house, three theatres, medical college, baths, rooms of the National Academy of Design, masonic hall, in Broad- way, house of refuge, orphan's asylum, lunatic asylum, be- sides many others, and about 100 chuiches, some of which are very splendid and capacious. The city government consists of a mayor, ten aldermen, and ten assistants, with an able and effective body of police officers. Steam boats, packets and stages, arrive at *Sipce the first edition of this work was issued, the Exchange, togetber with 700 other buildings, have been destroyed by fire. 84 NEW YORK. and depart from the city, at almost every hour, and for every part of the United States. ROUTES FROM NEW YORK. To Albany, by Steam Boat. Fort Gransevvort, 2 Hamilton's Monument, 2 4 Manhattanville, 3 7 Fort Lee, 3 10 Spuyten Duyvel Cr. 2 12 Phillipsburg', 4 16 Dobb's Ferry, 6 22 Tappan Landing, 3 25 Tarrytown, 1 26 Nyack, on Tappan sea, 3 29 Sparta & State Prison, 3 32 Tellers Point, 2 34 Haverstravv &- Croton, 1 35 Stony Point, 3 38 Verpianks Point, 1 39 PeekskiU, 2 41 St. Anthony's nose, 2 43 Fort Clinton, 1 44 West Point, 7 51 Crows Nest Mt. S J Butter Hill, Si Caldwell, j3 Canterbury, New Windsor, 4 55 1 56 1 57 1 58 1 59 Newburg, West side, (c, n^ Fiskill landing, E. S. ( ^ ^^ Hamburg, 6 67 Hampton, 1 68 Barnegat, 2 70 Poukeepsie, 5 75 Hyde Park, 5 80 Pelham, 3 83 Walkiil Cr. 6 89 Rhinebeck, 1 90 Redhook, L. L. 6 96 Glasgow, 3 99 Redhook, U. L. 1 100 Saugerties, 1 101 Bristol, 1 102 Catskill, 9 111 (Thence to Pine Orchard, 14 miles.) Hudson and Athens, 5 116 Columbiaville, 5 121 Coxackie, 3 124 Kinderhook Landing, 1 125 New Baltimore, 5 130 Coevmans, 2 132 Schodack, 2 134 Castleton, 1 135 Albany, 10 145 For routes from Albany, see article " Albany." The stage route from N. York to Albany, does not differ materially from the above. To Boston, by Steam Boat. Newtown Creek, 4 Hell Gate, 5 9 Flushing Bay, 4 13 Frogs Point, 3 16 Cow Neck, 2 18 New Rochelle L. 6 24 West Greenwich, 11 35 Stamford, 8 43 Oldwell, 8 51 i SII^^SJIiJK c .CIS c;^| .^ -^i .^?.Sii i5 ItlH"? I« '"«, ^V. 3? NEW YORK. 85 Southporl, 8 59 Black rock, 5 64 Stratford Point, 7 71 New Haven harb., 12 83 (Thence to N. Haven, 4 miles.) Falkners Is. 12 95 Hammonasset Pt., 8 103 Connecticut River, 11 ll4 New London harb., 14 128 (Thence to N. London, 4 miles,) Fishers Is., 5 133 Point Judith, 30 163 Beaver Tail, (Narra- ganset bay,) 9 172 New}X)rt, 5 177 Bristol Harb., 10 187 Pawtuxct, 10 197 Providence, 5 202 Boston, by land, 43 245 To Philadelphia, via South Amboy, Sfc. f Castle Williams, 1 Bedlow's Is. 1 2 Kills, 3 5 Ryers ferry, 2 7 Newark bay, 1 8 Elizabethtown pt, 4 12 Rahway river, 4 16 Perth Amboy, 9 25 ^ South Amboy, 2 27 , CSpoiswood, 9 36 1 I West's, 4 40 X i Rocky Brook, 8 48 •'S I Centreville, 4 52 ^ tBojdentown, 9 61 fQ \ Bristol, 10 71 a2 } Burlington, 1 72 ^ ^ Point no point, 14 86 jyj ) Philadelphia, 5 91 To Philadelphia, via New Brunswick, Sfc. Perth Amboy, S. Bt. 25 New Brunswick, " 12 37 Kingston, 14 51 Prniceton, 3 54 «^ f Trenton, 10 64 £ \ Bordentowm, 6 70 j^- } Philadelphia, 30 100 o i To Philadelphia, by Newark, Elizabethtown, Rahway, New Brunswick, Kingston, Princeton, Trenton, Bristol, Holmsburg, Frankford, Philadelphia, Stage. 10 6 16 5 21 13 34 13 47 3 50 10 60 11 71 11 82 4 86 5 91 To Easton, Pa. by Stage. Newark, 10 Morristown, 19 29 Chester, 13 42 Schooley's mt. Springs, 8 50 Mansfield, 11 61 Easton, 15 76 To Ithaca, N. Y. Newark, 10 Pompton, 21 31 SnufFtown, 12 43 Deckertown, 12 55 Miiford, 17 72 8 86 NEW YORK. — NIAGARA FALLS. 1 Wilsonsville, 24 96 Fairfield, 3 58 Rixes Gap, Pa. 15 111 Bridgeport, 4 62 Montrose, 34 145 Stamford, 4 66 pi \ Owego, p^ ) Ithaca, 32 177 Milford, 5 71 30 207 New Haven, 11 82 To New Haven, Conn., To Montauk Ft. , by Stasre. by Stage. Jamaica, 11 West Chester, 15 Dix Hills, 18 29 Mamaronee, 8 23 Smithtown, 11 40 Rye, 6 29 Carman, 18 58 West Greenwich, 2 21 Morriches, 10 68 Stamford, 7 38 Quag, 9 77 Norwalk, 9 47 S. Hampton, 14 91 Saugatuck, 4 51 B. Hampton, 7 98 Southport, 4 55 Montauk Ft. 23 121 Niagara, U. C. (54.) Niagara Falls, N. Y. (54.) This stupendous and une- qualled work of nature, is formed by a ridge of lime-stone rocks, which is here broken and torn asunder by the waters from the great lakes above. This ridge, as it is improperly called, is a mere shelf, or a succession of steps, from the basin of lake Ontario, up to that of Erie, the difference of level being about 334 feet. The elevation of the great cat- aract from its brow at the crescent, to the surface of the strait is 158 feet, hence it will be seen that the rapids above the falls have a greater actual descent than the falls them- selves. The rapids commence near the Burning Spring, about a mile above the precipice. The inclination of the plane over which the waters pass, increases as it approaches the chute, and thus augments the velocity of the current and the turbulence of its trou- bled waters. No spectacle can be more sublime, than is presented by the great falls, when viewed in connection with the rapids above. The high grounds, in the rear of Forsyth's hotel, afford such a view. In addition to the falls, there are several interesting ob- jects in their vicinity, which deserve attention ; among them may be mentioned the Burning Spring, near the outlet NIAGARA. NORTH CAROLINA. 87 of Cliippawa creek ; whirlpool, two miles below the falls ; the bridge and platform at Goat Island ; the sorcerer's cave just below the falls ; mineral spring, ^ mile below ; the battle fields of Chippewa, Lundy's lane, and Queenston, Brock's mormment. Welland canal, and the villages of Chippewa, Manchester, Lewistown, Queenston, Tuscarora Indians, &c. ROUTES FROM NIAGARA. To Montreal, via Lake Onta- To Rochester, by Stage. rio, by Steam Boat, S(c. Lewistown, 7 Queenston, 6 Cambria, 15 22 Niagara Vil., 7 13 Hartland, 11 33 Toronto, (York,) 30 43 Oak Orchard, 14 47 Port Hope, 66 109 Gainesville, 7 54 Co burg. 36 145 Clarkson, 16 69 Oswego, 74 219 Parma, 7 76 Duck's Isld., 23 242 Rochester, 11 87 Kingston, 35 277 ■ Elizabethtown, 48 325 To Buffalo, by Stage Carta- Prescot, 14 339 da side. Hamilton, 18 357 Chippawa, 2 Long Saut l., 18 375 Waterloo, 15 17 Cornwall, 10 385 Black rock. 1 18 Lake St. Francis, 6 391 Buffalo, 1 19 Foot of do. 22 413 Coteau du Lac, 4 417 To Buffalo, Am. side. Les Cedres, 7 424 Schlosser, 2 Cascades, 7 431 Tonnewanta, 10 12 LaCnine, 16 447 Black rock. 8 20 Montreal, 8 455 buffalo. 1 21 Nicholasburg, Pa. (129.) Nicholasville, K. (190.) Nickojack, G. (249.) Noblesboro, Pa. (128.) Noblesville, Ind. (123.) Norfolk, Va. (218.) Norridgewock, Me. (40.) Norristown, Pa. (133.) Northampton, Mass. (84.) Northampton C. H., Va. (199.) Northfield, Mass. (84.) Northwood, N. H. (62.) Northumberland, Pa. (132.) North Carolina, state of, (232,) is divided into 65 cdun- ties. Population in 1830, 738,470, including 246,462 slaves. 88 NORTH CAROLINA. Area, 49,500 square miles ; capital, Raleigh ; metropolis, Newburn, in N. Lat. 35° 06', Long. 0° 6'. General elec lion, no fixed day. Constitution formed, 1776. Government. — Governor, term of office, one year, salary $2,000 ; executive council of 7 members ; state treasurer, $1,500. Secretary of state, $800 and fees ; attorney gene- ral. Judiciary. — Supreme court, composed of a chief justice, salary $2,500, and two associate judges, each $2,500, per annum. Circuit court consists of two judges. All the judges are appointed by a joint vote of the senate and house of commons. The members of these bodies are elected annually by the people. Physical Structure. — The state of N. Carolina presents almost every variety of surface. In the east, we find im- mense flats of sea-sand marsh, swamp, and other alluvions matter, but little elevated above their common parent, the Atlantic ocean. In the centre, hills of nearly all sizes and heights present themselves. These increase in magnitude and number in approaching the western section of the state, which is in every respect a mountain region. Some of the most elevated peaks of the Allegheny system, occur in the counties of Macon, Buncombe, Haywood, Yancy, «fcc. Rivers. — Meherrin, Roanoke, Tar, Pamplico, Neuse, Cape Fear, Lumber, Yadkin, Catawba, Tennessee, French, Broad, &lc. Productions. — Cotton, rice, wheat, corn, tobacco, tar, pitch, turpentine, lumber, and recently gold. Towns. — Raleigh the capital ; Newburn, Salisbury, Wil- mington, Fayetteville, Edenton, Salem, Charlotte, Hillsboro, Halifax, Milton, &lc. Internal Improvements. — Dismal Swamp Canal, (see Virginia.) Lake Drummond Canal, a navigable feeder of the preceding, it extends firom lake Drummond to the sum. mit level of the Dismal Swamp Canal, length 5 miles. North West Canal, connects N. W. river with the Dismal Swamp Canal, length 6 miles. Weldon Canal, forms tlie commencement of the Roanoke Navigation. It extends around the falls of Roanoke above the towns of Wclden and Blakely, length 12 miles. Clubfoot and Harlow Canal., NORTH CAROLINA OHIO. 89 extends from the head waters of Clubfoot to those of Har- low ereek, near Beaufort, leng^th 1 1 miles. The navigation of the Roanoke from the Weldon Canal, to the town of Sa- lem in Virginia, a distance of 232 miles. The Cape Fear, the Yadkin, the Tar, New and Catawba rivers have been greatly improved by joint stock companies. Rail Roads^ are projected to extend from Fayetteville to Cape Fear river ; from Wilmington through Fayetteville and Salis- bury to Beattysford on theCatawaba, a distance of 250 ms.: and several others. (For an account of the Rail Road ex- tending from Blakcly to Petersburg and Norfolk, respec- tively, see Virginia.) Norton, O. (125.) Norwich, Conn. (110.) Norway, N. Y. (59.) Nottoway, Va. (196.) Norwich, N. Y. (81.) Nunen, G. (269.) Oakfuskee, Ala. (285.) Oconee R., G. (288.) Oakfuscoonene, G. (285.) Ocmulgee R., G. (303.) Obion R., T. (205.) Oewooha, Ala. (284.) Occacock Inlet, N. C. (239.) Ogdensburg, N. Y. (34.) Ocklawaha R., F. (329.) Ohio R., Pa. (128.) Oconee Station, S. C. (252.) Ohio R., K. (168.) Ohio, state of, (171,) is divided into 74 counties; popula- tion in 1830, 937,903. Area, 39,750 square miles. Capi- tal, Columbus ; metropolis, Cincinnati, in Lat. 39° 06' N. Long. 7° 31', W. General election second Tuesday in Oc- tober. Legislature meets first Monday in December, Con- stitution formed in 1 802. Government. — Governor, term of office two years, salary $1,200; secretary of state ; treasurer, and auditor. Senate consists of 36 members, elected biennially ; house of repre- sentatives consists of 72 members, elected annually. Judiciary. — Supreme court consists of a chief judge and three associate judges — salary, $1,200 each. Courts of Common Picas. The state is divided into 9 districts, in each of which there is a presiding judge, salary $1000 ; and two associates in each county, who receive each $2 50 per day, during tlicir attendance at court. 8* 90 OHIO. All the judges of the supreme court and the courts of common pleas are elected by the house of representatives for the term of 7 years. The supreme court sits once a year in each county, and the court of common pleas three times a year. The only capital crime in Ohio is murder in the first degree. There is no imsrisonment for debt, except in cases of fraudulent withholding of property. Physical Structure. — The eastern part of the state which borders on Pennsylvania is hilly, but gradually becomes more level as you advance westward. Along the whole course of the Ohio river, there is, in this state, a strip of land, of from 10 to 15 miles, and in some places more, in width, which is broken and hilly. These hills, especially in the immediate vicinity of the river, are very high and often of quite a mountainous aspect. The western half of the state is in general remarkably level. On the immediate borders of Indiana, it is so much so, as to assume a very monotonous appearance. The cen- tral parts of the state, fi:om the neighbourhood of the Ohio river up to lake Erie, may be compared, as it regards level character, not with entire accuracy, to the country around Philadelphia, or rather that portion of Pennsylvania which is seen by the traveller as he passes from that city to Lan- caster, by the main turnpike road. Rivers. — Ohio, Mahoning, Little Beaver, Muskingum, Hocking, Scioto, Little Miami, Great Miami, Maumee, Portage, Cuyahoga, Grand, Ashtabula, &-c. Productions. — Wheat, rye, oats, buckwheat, Indian corn, garden vegetables and fruits, are produced in great abun- dance. Towns. — Cincinnati, Columbus, Ripley, Portsmouth, Ma- rietta, New Lisbon, Canton, Wooster, Massillon, New Phil- adelphia, Coshocton, Newark, Zanesville, Lancaster, Chilli- cothe, Circleville, Dayton, Springfield, St. Clairsville, Hills- boro, Ravenna, Athens, and many others. Internal Improvements. — Ohio and Erie Canal, extends from Portsmouth on the Ohio River, to Cleveland on Lake Erie, length 307 miles. Miami Canal, from Cincinnati to Dayton, 68 miles, the extension of this canal to the Maumee is in progress, Columbus Canal^ from the Ohio and Erie OHIO. PAT 91 Canal, to Columbus, 10 miles. Lancaster CanaZ, from the Ohio and Erie Canal, to Lancaster, 9 miles. Ohio and Erie Canal, see Ohio, (171.) Old Agency, Miss. (282.) Oneida L., N. Y. (57.) Onslow, N. C. (257.) Onslow bay, N. C. (257.) Opelousas, Lou. (307.) Opilacloy, F. (329.) Orange, C. H., Va. (175.) Orangeburg, S. C. (273.) Orwigsburg, Pa. (l32.) Osage, Mo. (162.) Osborn, Va. (197.) Ossipee, N. H. (62.) Ossabaw Sound, G. (305.) Oswego, N. Y. C57.) Oswego Ca% see N. Y. (57.) Painesville, O. (101.) Painesville, Va. (196.) Painted Post, N. Y. (79.) Palatine, N Y. (59.) Palestine, II. (145.) Palestine, Ind. (167.) Palermo, Me. (40.) Pallachuchee, Ala, (285.) Palmyra, Me. (40.) Palmyra, N. Y. (56.) Palmyra, Mo. (141.) Palmyra, Miss. (279.) Paoli, Ind. (167.) Pamlico Sound, N. C. (238.) Pamheo R., N. C. (238.) ^ Papakunk, N. Y. (82.) Paris, K. (169.) Paris, Me. (39.) Paris, T. (206.) Ottowa, or Grand R., L. C. (1.3.) Ottsville, Pa. (133.) Ovid, II. (185.) Ovid, N. Y. (80.) Owego, N. Y. (80.) Owenton, K. (169.) Owenboro, K. (187.) Owingsville, K. (170.) Oxford, N. H. (61.) Oxford, N. Y. (81.) Oxford, II. (166.) Oxford, N. C. (216.) Oxford Rail R., see Pa. (156.) Oyster bay, N. Y. (135.) P. Parkman, 0.(101.) Parker, N.C. (2 1 8.) Parkers, S. C. (210.) Parkers, Miss. (264.) Parkersburg, Va. (151.) ParrishviUe, N. Y. (35.) Parryville, II. (164.) Parrots, S. C. (254.) Parsonfield, Me. (63.) Pascagoola R.,Miss. (311.) Pascagoola Bay, Miss. (311.) Pass Marian, Lou. (311.) Paierson and Hudson river R. Road, see N. J. (134.) Patterson, N. Y. (109.) Paterson, N. J. (134.) Patesville, K. (188.) Pattonsburg, Va. (195.) 92 PAT PENNSYLVANIA. Patton, N. a (236.) Pellicers, Fl. (330.) Pawtucket Canal, see Mass. Pembroke, Mass. (86.) (85.) Pemmaquid Pt. Me. (64.) Peaces, Ala. (248.) Pennsboro, Pa. (106.) Pearl R. Miss. (296.) Penobscot R., Me. (20.) Pearlington, Miss. (310.) Penobscot Bay, Me. (64.) Peedee R., S. C. (255.) Pensacola, F. (312.) Peekskill, N. Y. (109.) Pensacola Bay, F. (312.) Pennsylvania, state of, (132,) is divided into 52 counties. Population, 1,347,672, including 386 slaves. Area, 47,500 square miles. Capital, Harrisburg; metropolis, Philadel- phia, in N. Lat. 39=^ 57' E. Long. F 47'. General election, second Tuesday in October ; legislature meet first Tuesday in December. Constitution formed, 1790. Government. — Governor, — term of office three years, sal- ary $4,000 ; secretary of state ; treasurer ; auditor-general ; surveyor-general ; and attorney-general. Legislature. — Senate consists of thirty-three members, elected for four years. House of Representatives, one hun- dred members, elected annually. Judiciary. — There is a supreme court, consisting of a chief justice and four associate judges. This court holds its courts in five places in the state, which is divided into five districts for that purpose. The state is also divided into 16 districts, for the sessions of the courts of connnon pleas. Each of these circuits has a presiding judge, and two associates from each county. The judges of the supreme court receives a salary of $2,000 per annum ; the judges of the common pleas, $1,600 ; and the associates, $200. Physical Structure. — The Allegheny mountains pass obliquely across the central part of the state, ranging, generally, from north-east to south-west. The several ridges which constitute the system here are known by lo- local name, differing in many cases, from those generally adopted by writers on geography. In passing along the great road from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, the traveller crosses, successively the follownng ridges : Mine Hill ; South Mountain; Blue Mountain ; Cove ; Sideling Hill; Tussey's PENNSYLVANIA. 93 Mountain ; Dunning's Mountain ; Will's Mountain ; Alle- gheny Mountain ; Laurel Hill, and Chesnut ridge. The Allegheny Mountain is by far the most elevated among the group ; it is here that the waters which run eastward and those flowing into the Ohio, have their sources. The ridges on either side of the great Allegheny, are little else than mere steps from the plains below, up to the main ridge; the valleys, as well as the ridges, becoming mare and more elevated, as they approach the dividing ridge. Some of the peaks attain an elevation of 3,000 feet ; the mean altitude of the Allegheny system, is about 2,500 feet above tide water. Islands. — With the exception of a few small islands in the Delaware and Susquehanna, there is none within the borders of the state. Those in the Susquehanna, are, Dun- can's island, at the mouth of the Juniata; Hill island, near Middletown ; Fishing island, a few miles below, and some others. And in the Delaware, Tinicum, Hog, League, Pettys, Biles, &c. Lakes. — Erie, which borders the N". W. part of the state, and Conneaut, are the only lakes in the state, which is remarkably destitute of such aggregations of waters, as deserve the name of lakes. Rivers. — Delaware, Schuylkill, Lehigh, Susquehanna, Swatara, Juniata, West branch, Ohio, Beaver, Allegheny, Conemaugh, Clarion, French creek, Monongahela, Yough- iogeny, &c. Productions. — Wheat, rye, Indian corn, barley, oats, flax, lumber, live stock, iron, &c. &;c. Cities and Towns. — Philadelphia, the metropolis; Har- risburg, the capital; Pittsburg, Erie; Lancaster, York, Reading, Bethlehem, Easton, Pottsville, Chester, West Chester, Carlisle, Bedford, Washington, &c. &c. Internal Improvements : — State Canals. — Central division, Pennsylvania Canal, ex- tends from Columbia to HoUidaysburg, length 171 3-4 miles. Western division, Pennsylvania Canal, from Johnstown to Pittsburg, length, 104 miles. Susquehanna division, Penn- sylvania Canal, extends from the central division on Dun- can's island, to Northumberland, 39 miles. West Branch division, Pennsylvania Canal, from Northumberland to 94 PENNSYLVANIA. Dunnstown, 65 3-4 miles. North Branch division, Pennsyl- vania Canal, from Northumberland to Nanticoke falls, 6UJ miles. An extension of this canal, 14 98-100 miles, is now in progress. Delaware division, Pennsylvania Canal, ex- tends from Bristol to Easton, 59 3 4 miles. Pittsburg and Erie Canal, is to extend from Pittsburg to Erie, 73-40 miles of this work is completed. Canals constructed by joint stock companies. — Schvyl- Jail Navigation, extends from Philadelphia to Port Carbon, 108 miles. Union Canal, extends from the Schuylkill near Reading to Middletown on the Susquehanna, 82-08 miles. Pine Grove Canal, a branch of the preceding, 6-75 miles in length. Lehigh Navigation, from Easton to Mauch Chunk, 46-75 miles. Lackawaxen Canal, from M'Carly's point to Honesdale, 25 miles. Conestoga Navigation, from. Lancaster to Safe Harbor, on the Susquehanna, 18 miles. Codorus Navigation, from York to the Susquehanna, 11 miles. West Philadelphia Canal, around the western abut- ment of the permanent bridge, over the Schuylkill, about 500 yards in length. State Rail Roads. — Columbia Rail Road, extends from Philadelphia to Columbia, on the Susquehanna, length 81-60 miles. Allegheny Portage Rail Road, from Holli- daysburg to Johnstown, forms the connecting link between the central and western divisions of tlie Pennsylvania ca- nal, length 36-69 miles. Rail Roads constructed by joint stock companies : — Mauch Chunck Rail Road, from Mauch Chunk to the coal mines, 9 miles. Room Run Rail Rood, from Mauch Chunk to the coal mine on Room Run, 5-26 miles. Mount Carbon Rail Road, from Mount Carbon to Norwegian valley, 7-24 miles. Schuylkill Valley Rail Road, from Port Carbon to Tuscarora, 10 miles. Branches of the preceding, 15 ms. Schuylkill Rail Road, 13 miles. Mill Creek Rail Road, from Port Carbon to the coal mines, near Mill Creek, length, including branches, 7 miles. Mine Hill and Schuyl- kill Haven Rail Road, from Schuylkill Haven to the coal mines at Mine Hill, length, including 2 branches, 20 ms. Pine Grove Rail Road, 4 miles in length. Little Schuyl- kill Rail Road, from Port Clinton to Tamaqua, 23 miles. PENNSYLVANIA. 95 Lackawaxen Rail Road, from Honesdale to Carbondale, 16| miles. West Chester Rail Road, from the Columbia R. R. to Westchester, 9 miles. Philadelphia, Germantown and Norristown Rail Road, (about 7 miles of this road are completed, a new rout to Norristown, leavingf Germantown to the N. E. is also completed.) Li/ken's Valley R. Road, from Broad Mountain to Millersburg-. Philadelphia and Trenton Rail Road, 26 1-4 miles in lengfth. Central Rail Road, from the vicinity of Pottsville to Sunbury, 44 54 ms. Danville branch, 7 miles long, whole length 51-54. Oxford R. Road, now in progress, extends from the Columbia R. R. to the Maryland state line. Reading R. R. to extend from Norristown to Port Clinton. Pennsylvania Canals and Perrysville, T. (227.) Rail Roads, see Pennsyl- Person C. H., N. C. (215.) vania, (132.) Petersburg, P. (131.) Penyan, N. Y. (79.) Petersburg, P. (153.) Peoria, Ind. (119.) Petersburg, P. (155.) Perdido R., F. (317.) Petersburg, Ind. (166.) Perrysburg, O. (99.) Petersburg, Va. (197.) Perry, G. (287.) Petersburg and Roanoke • Perrysville, O. (126.) Rail Road, see Virginia, Perrysville, P. (128.) (217.) Perrysville, Mo. (185.) Peters T., Va, (194.) Philadelphia, P. (137.) The metropolis of the state of Pennsylvania, and, after New York, the largest city in the U. S. Present pop. about 220,000. It is favorably situated between the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers, about 5 miles from the junction of the latter with the Delaware. The city proper, or that portion of it which is limited by the Dela- ware on the east, the Schuylkill on the west. Vine st. on the north, and South or Cedar st. on the south, is under the ju- risdiction of the corporation. The adjoining districts have each separate and distinct municipal authorities and regu- lations, wholly unconnected, in a legal point of view, with the others, or either of them. These regulations, being merely local in their operation, are unimportant in refer- ence to the city, as it is generally understood, which, for all practical purposes, may be regarded as embracing the 96 PHILADELPHIA. adjoining districts of Kensington, the Northern Liberties, Spring Garden, Southwark, Moyamensing, &.c. The densely built parts of the city and districts, have an outline of about 8^ miles. The principal streets of the city proper, are Market or High, Arch or Mulberry, Race or Sassafras, Vine, Chesnut, Walnut, Dock, Spruce, Lombard, South or Cedar, Front, Second, Third, &c. up to Thirteenth, which is succeeded by Broad street, &c. Those of the Nor- thern Liberties, are Callowhill, Noble, Green, Coates, Brown, Front, Budd, Second, St. Johns, Third sts., Old York Road, Sec. Those of Kensington, Beach, Queen, Maiden, Shackamaxon, Marlboro, Hanover street, «Scc. In Spring Garden, are Marshall, Lawrence, Eighth, Ninth, &c. Callowhill, James, Buttonwood, Spring Garden, Washing- ton streets, &c. In Southwark, Shippen, Plum, German, Catharine, Queen, Christian, Carpenter, Prime streets, «&c. And in Moyamensing, Sliippen, Fitzwater, Catharine, Tide- marsh, Prime and Federal streets. In addition to the above, each district has several cross streets and avenues, most of which are well built. Public buildings, and other interesting objects in or near the city are : Independence Hall or State-house, in which the various courts are held. Bank of the United States, Philadelphia Bank, Theatre, Arcade and Philadelphia Mu- seum, Masonic Hall, Academy of the Fine Arts, United States Mint; all the above are in Chesnut street. Penn- sylvania Hospital, in Pine street ; Alms-house, in Blockley Tovpnship ; Orphan's Asylum, in Cherry street; Wills's Hospital for the Lame and Blind, in Race street ; Pennsyl- vania Institution for the Blind, Race street ; Orphan's (Catholic) Asylum of St. Joseph's, in Spruce street; Widow's Asylum, in Cherry street; Pennsylvania Institu- tion for the Deaf and Dumb, on Broad and Pine streets ; Merchants' Exchange and Post Office, on Dock, Third and Walnut streets; Custom-house, in Sec md street; City Library, and Philosophical Hall and Athenium, in Fifth street near Chesnut ; Hall of the Franklin, (mechanics') Institute, in Seventh street; Acadamy of Natural Sciences, in Twelfth street ; University buildings, in Ninth street ; Jefferson College, in Tenth street ; Musical Fund Hall, in .1 Lj:k.ti^L5zLtl fcULJ^LLiU rL_tli..^im:l_L.LLI 'tlliL.tii-biiiiL_L_LLl ? L LL iTi'tlvUj LLL LLL L L I I I LL1_1_LL_L'!!| I I l_ l_ L_ tMtitiili.LL LH Ltn.kUitz^tLLLl lili4ii. LL Llii lli lI ti II I 'ff^LL4^hiyLkLLLLl£lihlft .L^^LLtkk^y.L^Ui\^^l ,L^l^yU./Plc{=:ilb!:L^LilL:i^LLl£t -LLl_l_l LL LLLLLliLLbbLLL .LLLL^LULLL .LLthLbLLL .LLLLI|LLi/aa_ Li I I I «|l!.:j;i£i:Li--..'Ua'— L-1 .Ll—Ct LUiL LL L^t^V li I— L_ ai-'Lu.iu, IS L L_ Is- >- _L l_L_ I -/._^ L_ i. L_^lll:»t! l_L LI_I_L I' rv^s ilrfe t%u[i /A^i .- 5. ^K^ ^ j^ r^ js t^ V \VV:^V¥^^ I PHILADELPIHA. 97 Locust street ; Adelphi, in Fifth street ; Washington Hall, in Third street ; Theatre, in Walnut street ; Theatre, in Arcli street ; Museum, Eighth and Sansom streets ; Prison, on Passyunk Road ; Eastern Penitentiary, and House of Refuge, in Coates' street ; Fair Mount Water Works, on the Schuylkill, N. W. of the State-house; Marine Asylum, and United States Arsenal, on the Schuylkill, S. W. of the State-house ; Navy Yard, on the Delaware ; Friends' Lu- natic Asylum, near Frankford ; about 80 churches, 16 banks; Alms-house, west side of the Schuylkill; Girard College, N. W. of the State-house, &,c. &c. ROUTES FROM PHILADELPHIA. To Pittsburg. Qj t Laughlintown 16 241 'Fair Mount, 1 rt* < Greensburg, 23 264 Viaduct over the M f Pittsburg, 32 296 Schuylkill, 2 3 Buck Tavern, 8 11 To Pittshurg^ via Harris- Spread Eagle, 5 16 burg. Paoli, 5 21 Lancaster, by rail road, 69 •d Warren, 1 22 Mountjoy, 12 81 § Valley Creek, 7 29 Middletown, 15 96 2^ Downingtown, 3 32 Harrisburg, 9 105 '3 Coatesville, 8 40 Carlisle, 18 123 C4 Gap Tavern, 11 51 Stough's T. 13 136 Mine ridge, 1 52 Shippensburg, 7 143 Mill Creek, 5 57 Chambersburg, 11 154 Soudersburg, 3 60 Pittsburg, as above, 147 301 Lancaster, 9 69 Mt. Pleasant, 8 77 To Pittsburg, by Pennsyl- .Columbia, 5 82 vania Rail Road and Ca- 'York, 11 93 nal. Abbotstown, 15 108 Columbia, as above 82 Gettysburg, 14 122 ' Marietta, 3 85 t. Chambersburg, 25 147 . Bainbridge, 6 91 C3 ^ M'Connclstown,19 166 "73 Falmouth, 4 95 U2 Bedford, 31 197 r1 ' Middletown, 4 99 Shellsburg, 9 206 U Highspire, 3 102 .Stoystown, 19 225 , Harrisburg, 6 108 98 ROUTES FROM PHILADELPHIA. f Blue Mt. Gap, 5 113 New Berlin, 11 133 Port Dauphin, 3 116 Millheim, 25 158 Duncan's Isd. 9 125 Bellefonte, 21 179 Newport, 10 135 Phillipsburg, 27 206 Thonipsontown ,11 146 Curwinville, 19 225 Mexico, 7 153 Brookville, 37 262 . Mifflintown, 4 157 Shippensville, 27 289 Lewistown, 14 171 Franklin, 18 307 1" Waynesburg, 14 185 Meadville, 25 332 *^ Aughwick F's, 12 197 Waterford, 23 355 Huntingdon, 17 214 Erie, 15 370 Petersburg, 7 221 Alexandria, 7 228 To PottsvUle, by Schuylkill Williamsburg, 12 240 Canal. Frankstown, 10 250 Manyunk, 7 _ Hollidaysburg, 3 253 Flat Rock, 1 8 Johnstown, by R.H. 37 290 Spring Mills, 3 11 ' Laurel Hill, 7 297 Norristown, 5 16 Lock port. 10 307 Phenixville, 12 28 Chesnut Hill, 5 312 Pottstown, 15 43 Blairsville, 8 320 Unionville, 3 46 Saltzburg, 16 336 Eirdsboro, 6 52 d Warrentown, 12 348 Reading, 12 64 Leech burg^ 10 358 Hamburg, ^23 87 Allegheny aqua. 3 361 Port Clinton, 4 91 Logan's Ferry, 15 376 Tunnel, 7 98 L. Pittsburg, 18 394 Schuylkill Haven, 3 101 Mount Carbon, 4 105 To Erie, Pa. by Stage. PottsviUe, 1 106 Manyunk, 7 Port Carbon, 2 108 Norristown, 9 16 Trap, 9 25 To Bethlehem, Pa. by Stage, Pottstown, 10 35 Sunville, 3 Warrensburg, 5 40 Germantown, 3 6 Exetertown, 5 45 Fiowertown, 5 11 Reading, 7 52 Spring, 6 17 Hamburg, 15 67 Montgomery, 4 21 Orwigsburg, 11 78 Lexington, 4 25 PottsviUe, 8 86 Sellersville, 7 32 Sun bury, 36 122 Quakertown, 5 37 ROUTES FROM PHILADELPHIA. 99 Fry burg, Bethlehem, 6 43 8 51 To Easton, by Stage. Shoemakertown, 9 Jenkintown, 1 10 Abington, 1 11 Willowgrove, 2 ]3 Newville, 7 20 Doylestown, 4 24 Ottsville, 15 39 Easton, 17 56 To Neio York^ by Stage, Frankford, Holmsburg, Bristol, Trenton, Princeton, Kingston, New Brunswick, Milton, Elizabethtown, Newark, New York, 5 4 9 11 20 11 31 10 41 3 44 13 57 13 70 5 75 6 81 10 91 To New York, by Steam Boat and Stage. Burlington, by S. Boat, 19 Bristol, do. 1 20 Borden town, do. 10 30 Trenton, do. 6 36 Princeton, by Stage, 10 46 New Brunswick, do. 17 63 Perth Am boy, by S. Boat, 12 New York, do. 75 25 100 To New York, by Steam Boat and Rail Road. Bordentown, by S. Boat, 30 Centreville, by Rail R. 9 39 Spotswood, 16 56 South Am boy, 9 64 Perth Arnboy, by S. Boat, 2 66 New York, 25 91 To Baltimore, by Steam Boat and Rail Road. ^ f Fort Mifflin, Lazaretto, Chester, Marcus Hook, Christiana Cr. New Castle, 13 18 22 30 35 Frenchtown, bv R.R. 16 51 Baltimore, by S.B. 69 120 To Baltimore, by Stage. Darby, Chester, Wilmington, Elkton, Havre de Grace, Baltimore, 6 9 15 13 28 20 48 16 64 34 98 To Baltimore, by Steam Boat and Canal. New Castle, as above, by Steam Boat, 35 Delaware City, 6 41 St. Georges, by Canal, 5 46 Deep Cut, do. 4 50 Bohemia, do. 5 55 Turkey Point, by S. Boat, 10 65 Baltimore, do. 48 113 100 PHI PIT To Cape May by Steam Boat. Delaware City, as above, 41 Reedy Island, 5 46 Allaways Creek 5 51 Bombay Hook, 12 63 Egg Island, 17 80 Light Ho., May, 20 100 Cape Island, 2 102 To Cape May^ by Stage. Woodbury, 9 Jonesboro, 10 19 Malaga, 10 29 Millville, 13 42 Port Elizabeth, 6 48 Dennis Creek, 14 62 Goshen, 4 66 Cape May, C. H. Cold Spring, Cape Island, 4 70 9 79 2 81 Philadelphia (West) Canal, see Pennsylvania, (157.) Philadelphia, Germaniown Sf Norrisiown Rail Road, see Pennsylvania, (133.) Philadelphia, K. (188.) Phillipsburg, L. C. (16.) . Phillipsburg, P. (l30.) Pickensville, S. C. (252.) Pickensville, Miss. (280.) Picolata, F. (330.) Pierces, Ga. (289.) Pike, N. Y. (78.) Pikeville, K. (192.) Pikeville, T. (229.) Pikeville, Ala. (246.) Piketon, O. (150.) Pinckneyville, S.C. (253.) Pine Bluff, Ark. (242.) Pine Log, Ga. (250.) To Tuckerton, N. Jer. by Stage. Pensauken Creek, 9 Hampton, F. 17 26 Washington, 9 35 Tjickerton, 14 49 To Long Branch. Bordentown, by S. B. 30 Allentown, by Stage, 7 37 Monmouth, do, 18 55 Eaton, do. 10 65 Long Branch, do. 4 69 Pineville, S. C. (273.) Pine Grove Rail Road, see Pennsylvania, (132.) Pine Orchard, N. Y. (83.) Pinthocco, Ala. (284.) Piscataway, Md. (177.) Piqua, O. (124.) Point au Tremble, L.C.(15.) Pt. Pyrites, Mich. ((i9.) Pt. au Pins, U. C. (75.) Pt. au Playe, U. C. (100.) Pt. Pleasant, Va. (171.) P. du Rochcr, 11. (163.) P. Frederick, Md. (177.) Pt. Tobacco, Md. (177.) Pt. Comfort, Ala. (285.) Pt. au Fer, Lou. (322.) Pt. of Pines, Fl. (328.) Pt. Chico, Lou. (324.) Pittsfield, Mass. (83.) PITTSBURG. 101 Pittston, Pa. (107.) Pittsburg, Pa. (128.) The city of Pittsburg was founded in 1765 ; and now contains a population of about 34,000 in- cluding the adjoining villages of Allegheny, Birmingham, A-c. It is a place of great trade, and has extensive manu- factures. The public buildings are, a court house, ex- change, college, monitorial school house, several hotels, museums, U. States and Pittsburg banks, market-house, many foundries, and 16 or 18 churches of various denomi- nations. ROUTES FROM PITTSBURG. To Cincinnati, 0. by Steam Cincinnati, 26 449 Boat. (See Cincinnati.) Middletown, 11 Beavertown, 18 29 To Philadelphia, by Stage. Fawcetstown, 19 48 East Liberty, 5 Steubenville, 22 70 Wilkinsburg, 3 8 Wellsburg, 7 77 Howardsville, 3 11 Warrenton, 6 S3 Stewartsville, 8 19 Wheeling, 8 91 Adamsburg, 6 25 Elizabethtown, 13 104 Greensburg, 7 32 Sistersville, 35 139 Youngstown, 10 42 Newport, 17 156 Laughlin, 13 55 Marietta, 16 172 Stoystown, 16 71 Parkersburg, 13 185 Bedford, 28 99 Bellville, 17 202 xM'Connels T. 31 130 Letarts rapids. 30 232 Chambersburg, 19 149 Point Pleasant, 29 261 Gettysburg, 25 174 Gallipolis, 3 264 York, 29 203 Guyandot, 34 298 Columbia, 11 214 Burlington, 7 305 Lancaster,by R. E .. 13 227 Portsmouth, 41 346 Downingtown, 37 264 Manchester, 36 382 Philadelphia, 32 296 Maysville, 10 392 Ripley, 7 399 To Philadelphia, by Canal Augusta, 9 408 and Rail Road. Point Pleasant, 15 423 Allegheny aqueduct, 23 9* lo; S PIT PORTLAND • Blairsville, 41 74 Mercer, 15 60 Johnstown, by R.R. 30 104 Georgetown, 15 75 fHollidaysburg, 37 141 Meadville, 15 90 Huntingdon, 39 180 Waterford, 23 113 "rt Lewistown, 43 223 Erie, 15 128 Duncan Island, 46 269 u Middletown, 26 295 To Wheeling, by Stage. ^Columbia, 17 302 Findlaysville, 13 Philadelphia, R. R. 82 394 Washington, 11 24 Martinsburg, 5 29 To Erie, Pa. by Stage. Claysvillc, 4 31 Woodville, 18 W. Alexandria, 6 39 Butler, 9 27 Wheeling, 16 55 Cen treville, 18 45 Pittsboro, N. C. (235.) Plattsburg, N. Y. (36.) Pleasant Valley, N. Y. (36.) Pleasant Grove, Va. (216.) Pleasant River Bay, Me. (42.) Plymouth, N. H. (62.) Plymouth, Mass. (112.) Plymouth, N. C. (238.) Pocomoke Bay, Va. (199.) Pogoi Is., Fl. (328.) Point Alderlon, Mass. (86.) Pokanaweethty, Fl. (314.) Pompton, N. J. (108.) Pontiac, Mich. (73.) Poplar Spring, Md. (155.) Portage, N.Y. (57.) Portage, O. (101.) Port Deposit Canal, see Maryland, (1.56.) Port Genesee, N. Y. (56.) Port Glasgow, N. Y. (57.) Port Barnet, Pa. (103.) Port Allegheny, Pa. (104.) Port Williams, K. (168.) Port Royal, Va. (176.) Portland, (63,) the metropolis of Maine, has a population of 12,600. Several handsome public and private buildings, among the former are a court-house, custom-house, 10 churches, 6 banks, &,c. ROUTES FROM PORTLAND. To Boston by Stage. I York, 15 47 Saco, 16 I Portsmouth, 9 56 Kennebunk port, 10 26 I Hampton Falls, 13 69 Wells, 6 32 I Newburyport, 9 78 PORTLAND. lUi$ Bowley, 5 83 Eastport, 15 231 Topsfield, 8 91 Danvers, 6 97 To Quebec, by Stage. Sangus, 7 104 Brunswick, 27 Boston, 10 114 Bodoinham, 13 40 Gardner, 11 51 To Boston, via Salem, by Hallowell, 4 55 Stage. Augusta, 3 58 Rowley, as above, 83 Waterville, 17 75 Ipswich, 5 88 Norridgwock, 16 91 Hamilton, 5 93 Solon, 20 111 Wenham, 2 95 Moscow, 13 124 Beverly, 4 99 Ferry over Kenne- Salem, 3 102 beck river, 17 141 Lynn, 5 107 Monument, 48 189 Boston, 10 117 St. Joseph, 54 243 St. Henry, 28 271 To Eastport, by Stage. Quebec, 12 283 Free port, 18 Brunswick, 9 27 To Alfred Bath, 7 34 Buxton, 15 Wiscasset, 15 49 Alfred, 14 29 Walduboro, 18 67 Warren, 9 76 To White mils. Thotnastovni, 4 80 Standish, 17 Camden, 11 91 Hiram, 14 31 Belfast, 18 109 Boundary line. 10 41 Castine, (by water,) 9 118 Mt. Washington, 47 88 BluehiU, 10 128 Elsworth, 14 142 To Paris. Franklin, 12 154 Windham, 15 Cherryfield, 20 174 Raymond, 11 26 Columbia, 12 186 Otisfield, 11 37 Machias, 15 201 Paris, 13 50 Whiting, 15 216 Portland, N. Y. (77.) Portsmouth, N. H. (63.) Portland, Ala. (283.) Portsmouth and Roanoke Portersville, Ind. (167.) Rail Road, see Va. (218.) Ports, S.C. (274.) Portsmouth, 0. (171.) 104 POT RALEIGH. Potatoe F., S. C. (274.) Potomac, Md. (154.) Potomac R., Md. (177.) Potomac Navigation, see Virginia, (155.) Potosi, Mo. (184.) Pottsdam, N. Y. (35.) Pottstown, Pa. (133.) Pottersville, Pa. (102.) Poukeepsie, N. Y. (109.) Powelton, Ga. (271.) Prairie duChien, Mich. (66. Prairie Bluff, Ala. (283.) Prattsville, Md. (154.) Prestonburg, K. (192.) Prescolt, U. C (34.) Presque I., U. C. (56.) Presque Is. Pa. (76.) Quapaw Villages, Ark.(242. Queenstown, Md. (177.) Quincy, Mass. (86.) Racoon Spring, K. (191.) Reasville, Ga. (271.) Princeton,N. J. (134.) Princeton, Ind. (166.) Princeton, K. (187.) Princess Anne, Md. (178.) Prophctstown, Ind. (122.) Providence, R. I. (111.) Providence and JSorwick Rail Road, see R. I. {111.) Provincetown, Mass. (86.) Prudhomrae, Lou. (293.) Prunty, Va. (152.) ) Puckna, Ala. (267.) Pughtovvn, Va. (154.) Pulaski, T. (227.) Pultneyville, N. Y. (56.) Purdy, T. (226.) Paris, S. C. (289.) Putnam, Ind. (146.) Q. ) Quincy, II. (141.) Quincy, F. (315.) Raleigh, T. (225.) Raleigh, N. C. (236.) Capital of North Carolina, con- tained in 1830, 1,700 inhabitants. The public buildings are a state-house, court-house, jail, market-house, theatre, two or tiiree banks, two churches, &c. ROUTES FROM RALEIGH. To Richmond, Va. by Stage. Louisburg, 35 Warrenton, 23 5S Lawrenceville, 38 96 Petersburg, 50 146 Richmond, 21 167 To Edenton, by Stage. Wakefield, 20 Tarboro, 46 66 Williamston, 34 100 Jamestown, 11 111 Plymouth, 13 124 Edenton, 14 138 RALEIGH. READING. 105 To Newburn, by Stase, Lit. Lynches Cr. 21 162 Smithfield, " 30 Camden, 12 174 Waynesboro, 24 54 Columbia, 32 105 Kingston, 26 80 Newbern, 47 127 To Knoxville, T. by Stage. Branthys, 16 To Wilmington, by Stage. Pittboro, 20 36 Fayetteville, 58 Ashboro, 34 70 Elizabeth, 39 97 Salisbury, 32 102 Wilmington, 61 158 Statesville, 27 129 Morgantown, 38 167 To Columbia, S. C. Ashville, 62 229 Fayetteville, 58 Warm Springs, 36 265 Laurel Hill, 33 91 Newport, T. 28 293 Cheraw, 28 119 Dandridge, T. 15 308 Evans Ford, 22 141 Knoxville, T. 32 340 Raleighs Bay, N. C. (258.) Ravenna, O. (101.) Rantales, S. C. (290.) Raymond, Me. (63.) Rappahannock R., Va. (198.) Reading, N. Y. (80.) Reading, Pa. (133.) Seat of justice of Berks county. Population in 1830,5,859. The public buildings consist of a court-house, two banks, county offices, 7 or 8 churches, &c. The inhabitants are mostly Germans, or descendants of Germans. ROUTES FROiM READING. To Philadelphia by Stage. Unionville, 6 18 Exetertown, 7 Pottstown, 3 21 Warrenburg, 5 12 Phenixville, 15 36 Pottstown, 5 17 Norristown, 12 48 Trap, 10 27 Manayunk, 9 57 Norristown, 9 36 Philadelphia, 7 64 Manayunk, 9 45 — — Philadelphia, 7 52 To Pottsville, by Schuylkill Canal. To Philadelphia, by Schuyl- Hamburg, 23 kill Canal. Port Clinton, 4 27 Birdsboro, 12 Schuylkill Haven, 10 37 Wt5 REA RHODE-ISLAND. Pottsville, 5 42 To Lancaster, by Stage. Port Carbon, 2 44 Adanistown, 9 Rearnslown, 5 14 To Pottsville, by Stage. Ephrata, 4 18 Maiden Creek, 7 Lancaster, 13 31 Hamburg-, 8 15 Port Clinton, 5 20 To Harrisburg, by Stage. Orwigsburg, 6 26 Sinking Spring, 4 Pottsville, 8 34 Womelsdorf, 9 13 Myerstown, 7 20 To Middletown, by Union Lebanon, 6 26 Canal Millerstown, 5 31 Berneville, 1.5 Palmyra, 6 37 Womelsdorf, 10 25 Hummelstown, 6 43 Stouchstown, 3 28 Harrisburg, 9 52 Myerstown, 5 33 Lebanon, 8 41 To Easton, by Stage. Tunnel, 1 42 Kutztown, 17 Swatara river, 7 49 Trexlerstown, 9 26 Quittapahilla R. 11 60 Allentown, 8 34 Middletown, 19 79 Bethlehem, 5 40 Easton, 10 .50 Reading, 0. (148.) Reister, Md. (156.) Red River, Lou. (294.) RenssellaerviUe, N. Y. (82.) Red Church, Lou. (323.) Reynoldsburg, T. (207.) Redheimers, S. C (273.) Rhode Island, state of, (111,) is divided into five coun- ties. Population in 1830, 97,212. Area, 1,300 square miles. Capitals, Providence and Newport; metropolis, Providence ; lat. 41° 49' N. long. 5° 28' E. General elec tion, April and August. Legislature meets, first Wednes- day in May and last Wednesday in October. Date of Charter (from Charles II.), 1663. Officers of the government for one year ; governor, sala- ry $400 ; lieutenant-governor, $200 ; secretary of state, fees and $750 ; state treasurer, $450 ; attorney -general, fees. General Assembly. — Senate consists of the governor, RHODE-ISLAIND. 107 lieutenant-governor, and eight senators. House of repre- sentatives consists of 72 members, elected semi-annually. Judiciary, — is vested in a Supreme Court, composed of a chief justice (^650 per annum,) and two associate judges ($550 each,) and a court of common pleas, composed of five judges, for each county of the state. All the judges are appointed annually by the general assembly. Physical Structure. — No mountains of great elevation exist in this state. In the north-west quarter, hills of con- siderable magnitude occur, at frequent intervals ; the sub- stratum being composed almost entirely of rocks which fre- quently exhibit themselves, not only on the hills, but in the valleys also. These give to this part of the state a rugged and exceedingly broken surface. The other three quarters may be regarded as level, with slight interruptions occa- sioned by low hills ; these, however, diminish in number and importance as the sea-board is approached, and within a few miles of which they terminate altogether. Lakes. — Watchogg and Charles in the south-west. Paw- tuxet and several smaller lakes in the north-west. Rivers and Bays. — Narraganset Bay ; Taunton, Paw- tucket, Pawtuxet, Pawcatuck, Charles Rivers, &c. Islands. — Rhode, Connanicut, Prudence, and some smaller islands. Productions, — Wheat, rye, corn, oats, barley, garden vegetables, cattle, &c. &c. Towns. — Providence, Newport, Bristol, S. Kingston, Pavvtucket, Burrelville, Slatersville, Pawtuxet, &c. Internal Improvements. — Blackstone Canal, (see Massa- chusetts.) Stonington Rail Road (now in progress,) ex- tends from Stonington in Connecticut, to Providence, 46 miles in length. A company has been incorporated to con- struct a Rail Road from Providence to Norwich, in Con necticut. Rhodes, T. (228.) Richland, N. Y. (57.) Rhinebeck, N. Y. (109.) Richmond, N. Y. (134.) Riceboro, G. (305.) Richmond, Ind. (148.) Richaidsonville, S. C. (272.) Richmond C. H.,Va. (177.) Richfield, N. Y. (81.) 108 RICHMOND. Richmond, Va. (197,) capital and metropolis of Virginia* Fopulation in 1830, 15,085. Public buildings, state-house, penitentiary, court-house, Virginia armory, theatre, eind 8 or 10 handsome churches. ROUTES FROM RICHMOND. To Norfolk, by Steam Boat. Fredericksburg, 22 64 Warwick, 7 Staiford C. H. 9 73 Osborn, 10 17 Aquia, 5 78 Eppes Island, 22 39 Dumfries, 9 87 Windmill Point, 11 50 Occoquan, 9 96 Jamestown, 24 74 Alexandria, 17 113 Burrels Bay, 13 87 Washington, 9 122 Newport News, 15 102 Carney Island, 9 111 To Raleigh, N. C. by Stase. Norfolk, 6 117 Petersburg, Notoway R. 21 32 53 To Baltimore, by Steam Lawrenceville, 18 71 Boat. Roanoke R. 19 90 Newport News, as Warrenton, 19 109 above. '102 Louisburg, 23 132 Fort Calhoun, 8 110 Raleigh, 25 167 Old Pt. Comfort, 1 111 New ditto. 23 134 To Norfolk, by Stage. Rappahannoc R. 22 156 Petersburg, 21 Light Boat, 21 177 Cabin Point, 26 47 Cedar Point, 32 209 Surry, C. H. 14 61 Sharps Island, 25 234 Smithfield, 18 79 Herring Bay, 10 244 Nansemond R. 11 90 Thomas' Point, 12 256 Norfolk, 25 215 Bodkin Pt. 20 276 North Pt. 3 279 To Knoxville, Ten. by FortM'Henry, 7 286 Stage. Baltimore, 3 289 Powhatan C. H. 32 Cumberland C. H. 25 57 To Washington City, by Ljmchburg, 56 113 Stage. New London, 11 124 Hanover, C. H. 19 Liberty, 15 139 Bowlinggreen, 23 42 Big Lick, 28 167 RICHMOND. 109 Salem, 7 174 Warm Springs, 36 168 Christiansburg, 27 201 Hot do. 5 173 Newbern, 17 218 White Sulphur Sp. 38 211 Evansham, 28 246 Lewisburg, 10 221 Mt. Airy, 15 161 Salt Works, 82 303 Abingdon, 41 302 Charleston, 4 307 Blountsville, 24 326 Guyandot, 41 348 Kingsport, 17 343 Kogersville, 26 369 To Winchester, via Har- Rutledge, 31 400 risonburg, by Stage. KnoxviJle, 32 432 So. Anna R. 21 Louisa C. H. 30 51 To Guyandot, via Warm Gordonsville, 15 66 Springs, by Stage. Barboursville, 6 72 Goochland C. H. 29 Stannardsville, 15 87 Columbia, 19 48 Magaughey T. 23 110 Monticello, 17 65 Harrisonburg, 11 121 Charlottesville, & i 3 78 Mt. Pleasant, 25 146 University of Va. Woodstock, 13 159 York, 19 97 Strasburg, 31 170 Waynesboro, 6 103 Nevs7town, 11 181 Staunton, 12 115 Winchester, 8 189 Gap, 17 132 Richmond, K. (190.) Ridgefield, N. Y. (58.) Ridgeville, Pa. ri31.) Ridge, S. C. (272.) R. des Moines, (90.) R. St. Croix, Me. (21.) R. St. Francis, L. C. (16.) R. St. Lawrence, U. C. (33, River St. Clair, U. C. (51.) River Head, N. Y. (136.) Rivers, S. C. (272.) Roanoke R., Va. (216.) Roanoke Inlet, N. C. (239.) Robbinston, Me. (42.) Robertsville, S. C. (289.) Rochester Rail Road, see N. York, (56.) Rochester and Batavia R. Road, see N. York, (56.) Roanoke Navigation, see N. Carolina& Va. (216.) Roo7n Run Rail Road, see ) Pennsylvania, (133.) Reading R. R. see Pa. (1 33.) Rappahannock Navigation, see Virginia, (176.) Richmond and Petersburg Rail Road, see Va. (197.) Richmond and Fredericks- burg Rait Road, see Va» (197.) 10 no ROCHESTER. Rochester, N. Y. (56,) a large commercial and manufac- turing city, in Monroe county, situated on the Genesee river, above tiic great falls, and six miles from its entrance into Lake Ontario; founded in 1812; population is about' 20,000. Public buildings, &c. — court-house, jail, twelve churches, two banks, arcade and observatory, a splendid aqueduct, 804 feet long, and five or sLx excellent hotels^ bath house, &.c. &c. ROUTES FROM ROCHESTER. To Aihany, by Erie Canal. Tonnewanta, 10 83 Piflsford, 10 Buffalo, 12 95 Palmyra, 19 29 Newark, 8 37 To Niagara Falls. Lyoiip, 7 44 Parma, by ridge road, 11 Clyde, 9 53 Clarkson, 7 18 Montezuma, 11 64 Gainsville, 15 33 Jordan, 15 79 Oak Orchard, 7 40 Syracuse, 20 99 Hartland, 14 54 Manhus, 19 108 Cambria, 12 66 Canistota, 16 124 Lewistown, 15 81 Rome, 21 145 Niagara Falls, 6 87 Utica, 15 160 Little Falls, 22 182 To Utica. Cauiijoharic, 19 201 Pittsford, 8 Amsterdam, 23 224 Mendon, 7 15 Shcncctady, 16 240 Bloomfield, 5 20 Albany, 28 268 Canandaigua, 9 29 - Geneva, 16 45 To Buffalo, iy Erie Canal. Cayuga, 14 59 Ogdcn, 12 Auburn, 9 68 Adams' Basin, 3 15 West Hills, 21 89 Brockport, 5 20 Lenox, 26 115 I Jolly, 5 25 Utica, 26 141 Albion, 10 35 Wrightsvillc, 11 46 To Buffalo, by Stage. Middleport, 9 55 Bergen, 17 Lock port, 9 64 Batavia, 13 30 Pendleton, 9 73 Pembroke, 14 44 ROC SAN 111 Ransoms Grove, 8 52 Williamsville, 8 GO Rock R., II. (93.) Rock Pt., Lou. (279.) Rockaway, N. Y. (135.) Rock Haven, II. (186.) Rockford, N. C. (214.) Rockport, Ind. (188.) Ruckville, Ind. (145.) Rockville, x\Id.(155.) Rockingham, N. C. (235.) Rocky mount, Va. (215.) Rogers, Pa. (106.) Rome, N. Y. (58.) Rome, N. Y. (108.) Rome, Ind. (167.) Romney, Va. (154.) Saluda Canal, see S. Caro- lina, (253.) Savannah and Ogechee Canal, see Ga. (289.) Seneca Canal, see N. Y. (80.) Schenectady and Saratoga Rail Road, sec N. Y. (83.) Schenectady and Utica Rail Road, see N. Y. (82.) Schuylkill Navigation, see Pa. (134.) Schuylkill Valley R. Road, see Pa. (132.) Schuylkill Rail Road, sec Pa. (132.) Schuylkill (Liltle) R. Road, see Pa. (1.33.) Stonington Rail Road, see Rhode Island, (111.) Salem Canal, see New Jer- sey, (157.) Buffalo, 10 70 S. Rossville, T. (22").) Rotlerd.un, N. Y. (5S.) Rouses Point, L. C. (15 ) Rowlando, (2.').5 ) Rovalton, Vt. (61.) Rumiord, Mc. (3).) RushviUe, 11. (Ii8.) Ruslivillc, Ind. (147.) Russd, xN. Y. (31) Russelvillc, K. (^208) Riisselvillc, All. (247.) Rutland, Vt. (61.) Ru( ledge, T. i2!I.) Rutherlordton, N. C. (233.) Rycgate, Vt. (37.) South Carolina Rail Road, see S. Carolina, (273.) Santee Canal, see S. Caro- lina, (273.) Sabine Lake, Lou. (319.) Sabine R., Lou. (306.) Sacket's Harb., N. Y. (57.) Saco, Me. f63.) Sagharbor, N. Y.(I36.) Salem, Mass. (86.) Salem, O. (148.) Salem, LNf. J. (157.) Salisbury, N. H. (62.) Salem, 11.(165) Silt Works, 11. (lx?I.) Salt Licks, [-ou. (278.) Salt River, Mo. (l4l.) Salubria, N. Y. (80.) Saltzburg, Pa. (129.) Sandersville, Ga. (238.) 112 SARATOGA SPRINGS. Sandusky Bay, O. (100.) Sandusky C, O. (100.) Sandwich, U. C. (74.) Sandwich, Mass. (112.) Sandy Point, Mass. (112.) Sandy Hook, N.Y. (135.) Sandy Hi|], N. Y. (60.) SangamoR., II. (144.) Sangerfield, N. Y. (81.) SantaRosal., F. (312.) Santa Rosa Bay, F. (313.) Sautaffe Bay, Fl. (328.) Santee R., S. C. (273.) Santilla R., Ga. (304.) Sapelo Sound, Ga. (305.) Sauk Village, II. (92.) Slate Navigation, see Vir- ginia, (196.) Shenandoah Navigation, see Virginia, (175.) Saratoga Springs, N. Y. (60.) The most celebrated of these springs, 7 in number, occupy the central part of Sara- toga county, and are about equi-distant from Shenectady and Glenn's falls. Every accommodation is afforded the visiters, by the spacious and elegant hotels, which abound here. The most noted of these are. Congress Hall, near the Congress Springs, United States Hotel, in the centre of the village, the Pavilion, near Fiat Rock Spring, Union Hall, opposite Congress Hall, Columbian Hotel, near the Pavilion, Washington Hull, in the north end of the village, together with some other hotels and boarding houses. There are also commodious bathing houses, circulating library, reading rooms, mineralogical cabinet, &-c. «fcc. ROUTES FROM SARATOGA SPRINGS. To Albany, by Rail Road. Ballston Spa, 6 Schenectady, 14 20 Albany, 16 36 To Albany, via Waterfoid. Ballston Spa, 6 Waterford, 22 28 Savannah, Ga. (289,) metropolis of Georgia. Population in 1830, 7,303. Public buildings, &cc. — exchange, banks, academy, several handsome churches, public squares, Aic. Troy, Albany, 4 32 8 40 To Whitehall,by Stage. Northumberland, 4 Glenn's falls, and Sandy hill, 15 19 Fort Ann, 10 29 Whitehall, 12 41 SAVANNAH. ROUTES FROM SAVANNAH. 113 To Augusta, by Steam Boat. To Augusta, by Stage. Argyle Island, 7 Abercorn, 17 Isla I. 8 15 Ebenezer, 8 25 Purisburg-, 16 31 Jacksonboro, 45 70 Beck's Ferry, 5 36 Augusta, 65 135 Ebenezer, 10 46 Sisters' Ferry, 19 65 To MilledgeviUe, by Stage Hudson's Ferry, 25 90 Gr. Ogechce R. 20 Bliinket Point, 5 95 Statesborn, 20 43 Brier Creek, 16 111 Sandersville, 86 135 Burton's Ferry, 24 1.35 MilledgeviUe, 23 163 Lower 3 runs, 11 146 Steel Creek, 12 158 To St. Man/s, by Stage. Limestone BIufF, 13 171 Bryan, old C. 11. 17 Dog Ferry, 3 174 Riccboro, 17 34 Demaries Ferry, 11 185 Barrington, 20 54 Gray's Landing, 10 195 Buffalo Cr. 14 6S Wallicoii's Ferry, 29 224 ScillaR. 10 78 Augusta, 7 231 Jefferson, 20 98 St. Mary's, 20 118 To Charleston, by Steam Boat. To Darien, by Stage. Fort Jackson, 3 Sunbury, 20 Elba Lsland, 5 8 Sapelo, 16 36 Long I. 3 11 Durieii, 12 48 Bloody Point, 6 17 Hilton Head, 18 35 To Charleston by Stage. Trancard's Inlet, 4 39 New River, 14 Fripp's Inlet, 12 51 Hogtown, 9 '23 St. Helena Sound, 9 60 Coosawatcliie, 17 40 S. Edisto Inlet, 3 63 Pocotaligo, 6 46 N. do. do. 13 76 Parker's Ferry, 32 78 Stono Inlet, 14 90 Guerin' Ferry, 17 95 Coffin I. L. House, 11 101 Charleston, 11 106 Fort Moultrie, 6 107 Charleston, 4 111 Savannah R^ Ga. (290.) Schenectady, N. Y. (83.) 1 0* 114 SOUTH CAROLINA. Scodic Ft., Me. (41.) Seawright, S. C. (273.) Sellers, Pa. (133.) Selma, Ala. (283.) Seneca Ind., U. C. (77.) Seneca L., N. Y. (80.) Shakers, (61.) Shallow Lakes, N. H. (31.) Shandecan, N. Y. (82.) Sheffield, Mass. (83.) Shelbyville, 11. (144.) ShelbyviUe, Ind. (147.) Sherbourne, N. Y. (81.) Shieldsboro, Miss. (3 10.) Shippensburg, Pa. (131.) Shinersville, (106.) Shirleyburg, Pa. (131.) Shoreham, Vt. (60.) Shoal R., 11.(118.) Shullsburg, Mich. (66.) Sidney, Me. (40.) Sistersville, Va. (151.) Three Sister's Islands, Mich. (99.) Skeneateles, N. Y. (80.) Small Pt, Me. (54.) Smith port. Pa. (104.) Smithfield, Va. (152.) Smyrna, Del. (157.) Solon, N. Y. (81.) Somerset, Pa. (129.) Somerset, O. (150.) Somerville, N. J. (134.) Sorel, Lou. (322.) Sorrel R., L. C. (15.) So. Bend, Ind. (96.) Sotos, Lou. (277.) South Carolina, state of, (253,) is divided into 29 dis- tricts. Population in 1830, 581,458, including 315,665 slaves; area, 31,750 square miles; capital, Columbia; metropolis, Charleston ; lat. 32° 45' N. long. 2° 53' W. General election, second Monday in October, biennially. Legislature meet, fourth Monday in November ; constitu- tion formed 1790, since amended. Government. — Governor — term of office two years, salary, $3,500, chosen by the general assembly — lieuten- ant governor, &,c. Legislature. — The legislative power is vested in a senate, having 45 members, elected for four years, one half being chosen biennially ; and a house of representatives, composed of 124 members, elected for two years ; these bodies are styled the General Assembly. Judiciary. — Consists of a court of appeals, composed of three judges, who receive $3,500 per annum, each; a court of equity, with two judges, styled chancellors, each of whom receives $3,500 per annum ; and a court of general sessions SOUTH CAROLINA. 115 and common pleas, six judges, with a salary to each of $3,500 per annum. Physical Structure. — The entire sea coast andfor several miles inland, the surface is remarkably level. The soil consists of swamps and marshes, interspersed with ridges sufficiently elevated merely to escape submersion, some of which are quite inaccessible, and are thus rendered useless. After passing the alluvial border, which is marked by the great road leading from Fayetteville to Augusta, the coun- try assumes a more undulating appearance ; the hills in- crease in number and magnitude, until they become so numerous as to form continuous ridges ; these continue to enlarge in proceeding westward, and ultimately form the spurs and flanks of the great blue ridge, which here forms a part of the boundary of the state. Rivers. — Pedee, < Waccamaw, Little Pedee, Lynches Creek, Santee, Wateree, Catawba, Congaree, Broad, Tyger, Ennoree, Saluda, Cooper, Ashley, Edisto, Combahee, and Savannah. Islands. — North L, Murphey, Cape Roman, Bulls, De- wees, SuUivans, Holly, Johns, Wadmelaw, Edisto, Rey- nolds, Hunting, St. Helena, Ladies, Port Royal, Hilton Head, &,c. &c. Productions. — Cotton, rice, tobacco, fruits, &-c. &c. Towns. — Charleston, Columbia, Georgetown, Cheraw, Camden, Yorkville, Spartanburg, Pendleton, Abbeville, Edgefield, Hamburg, Beaufort, &c. &c. Internal Improvements. — South Carolina Rail Road, commences at Charleston, and terminates in the town of Hamburg, opposite Augusta, entire length, 135-75 miles. It is proposed to construct a branch to Orangeburg, and thence to Columbia, &c. and another to Barnwell C H. Santee Canal connects the harbour of Charleston with the Santee, length 22 miles. Winyaw Canal, extends from Win- yaw Bay to Kinlock Creek, a branch of Santee river, length 7-40 miles. The navigation of the Catawba has been im- ^proved by the construction of several small canals. Saluda Canal, extends from the head of Saluda shoals to Granby Ferry on the Congaree, 6-20 miles in length. Drehfs Canal, 116 SPA SYR is designed to overcome a fall of 120 feet in Saluda river, length 1 13 miles. Lorick^s Canal, on Broad river, I J miles above Columbia, 1 mile long. LockharVs Canal, in Union District, around Lockhart's shoals, in Broad river, 2 3-4 miles long, Spains, Ga. (286.) Sparta, Lou. (279.) Sparta, Ala. (299.) Spencer, N. Y. (80.) Spencer, Ind. (146) Spillers, Lou. (309.) Springfield, Mass. (84.) Springfield, II. (143.) Springfield, 0.(149.) Springfield, Lou. (309.) Springfield, Va. (154.) Springs, Schooley's Mt., N. J. (134.) Squam Beach, N, J. (134.) St. Albans, Vt. (36.) St Amaud, L. C. (16.) St. Andrew's Bay, Fl. (314.) St. Andrew's Sd., Ga. (318.) St. Augustine, Fl. (330.) St. Catharine's Sound, Ga. (305.) St. Charles, Mo. (163.) St. Clairsville, O. (128.) St. Clair, Mich. (74.) St. Dennis, L. C. (15.) St. Francisville, Lou. (308.) St. Gabriel, Lou. (308.) St. Helena Sound, S. C. (290.) St. Helena, Lou. (309.) St. Joseph's R., Ind., (97.) St. John's R., Fl. (318.) St. Louis, Mo. (163.) St. Marks, Fl. (315.) St. Marlins, Lou. (308.) St. Mary's R., Ga. (317.) St. Mary's, Ga. (318.) St. Regis, L. C. (14.) St. Simons 1., Ga. (305.) St. Stephens, Ala. (298.) St. Sulpice, L. C. (1 5.) Stafford, Ct. (110.) Statesboro, Ga. (289.) Stedham, Fl. (314.) Sterling, II. (145.) Steubenville, O. (128.) Stillwater, N. Y. (83.) Stoddardsville, Pa. (107.) Stockbridgc, Mass. (83.) Stockport, Fa. (107.) Stoystown, Pa. (130.) Strasburg, Pa. (,156.) Strawberry Ferry, S. C. (274.) Stuart T., N. H. (38.) Sturbridge, Mass. (84.) Sturgeon Ft., N. Y. (77.) Sullivansl.,S.C.(291.) Sun bury, Pa. (132.) Susquehanna R., Pa. (105.) Suwanee R., Ga. (316.) Suwanee, Fl. (328.) Sw.-nsboro, Ga. (^288.) Sweatz, Lou. (307.) Swedesboro, N. J. (157.) Syracuse, N. Y. (57.) TALLAHASSEE. — TENNESSEE. 117 Tallapocsa R. Ala. (278.) Talbot Ft, U. C. (76.) Tallahassee, Fl. (315,) capital of Florida, founded and immediately incorporated as a city, in 1825. Population, about 1500. The public buildings are the capital, some churches, &c. ROUTES FROM TALLAHASSEE. To Fensacola. Richardson, 29 45 Salubrity, 10 Suvvanee Ferry, 30 75 Aspalaga, 34 44 Dells P., 0. 54 129 Chipalo, 16 60 Picolati, 55 184 Choctawhatchee R. 47 107 St. Augustine, 22 206 Andersons, 58 165 Pensacola, 37 202 To Lake lamony. 9 To Lake Jackson, 4 To St. Augustine. To St. Marks, 21 Gadsden, 16 Taylorsville, Va. (214.) Taylor, Ga. (289.) Tecumseh, Mich. (73.) Tolland, Ct. (110.) Tennessee R.,T. (206.) Tennessee R., Ala. (248.) Taney T., Md. (155.) Tappahannock, Va. (198.) Tarboro, N. C. (237.) Tarleton, O. (150.) Tatesville, Ala. (299.) Tattnall C. H., Ga. (288.) Taunton, Mass. (111.) Tennessee, state of, (226,) is divided into 63 counties. Population in 1830, 681,903, including 141,603 slaves. Area, 40,200 square miles. Capital and Metropolis, Nash- viUe; Lat. 36^ 07' N. Long. 9° 44' W. General election, first Thursday and Friday in August, biennially. Legis- lature meet, third Monday in September, every second year; date of constitution, 1796. Government. — Governor, term of office, two years, salary $2,000 per annum ; legislature is composed of a senate and house of representatives, styled the General Assembly, the members of both are elected biennially, and receive each $4 a day during the session of the legislature. Judiciary. — The supreme court of errors and appeals consists of three judges, salary of each $1,800 per annum, 118 TENNESSEE. two chancellors, $1,500 each. There are eleven circuits, and a like number of judges, salary of each $1,300 per annum. Physical Structure. — The most elevated portion of this state is a ridge of mountains which divides it from the state of North Carolina, to which several local names have been applied. The most noted of these are Unika, Iron, Smoky Bald, and Stone mountains. These several mountains form a single ridge of th.e Alleghenies, which, next to the blue ridge on the east, is the most elevated in the series. In descending the ridge just mentioned, westward, several inferior mountains occur at frequent intervals, from which spurs issue in all directions, and thus modify and establish the hydrography of this portion of the state. The same, or nearly a similar configuration, marks the country in the west of the Tennessee river, whose bed, though in a deep valley, is greatly elevated above the level of tide water. A few miles west from and nearly parallel with the Ten- nessee the Cumberland mountain attains its greatest height, and presents a remarkable feature in the geology of this part of the state. The Cumberland mountain, so called, assumes the appearance, and is in fact an extensive pla- teau, elevated, probably, from 1,200 to 1,500 feet above the ocean. The mean width of this table-land is not less than 40 miles; the western shelf of the Cumberland plateau, forms, with the exception of some hills, the list of the nu- merous elevations which distinguish the whole of the eas- tern part of the state, which is emphatically a " mountain region." Immediately west of the Cumberland but few hills are seen, and the country generally begins to assume a level aspect; further west, the surface continues to decline until it is again broken by the Tennessee, which here intersects the state from south to north ; all beyond is comparatively level, no elevation deserving the name of mountain, existing in the entire space between the Tennessee and Mississippi rivers. Rivers. — Mississippi, Obion, Forked-deer, Hatchy and Wolf, branches of the Mississippi. Tennessee, French TENNESSEE. — TRENTON. 119 Broad, Holston, Clinch, Hiwassee, Elk, Duck, &c. branches of the Tennessee, Cumberland ; Clear fork. Obeys, Caney, and Stones, branches of the Cumberland. Productions. — Wheat, rye, oats, barley, buckwheat, corn, cotton, tobacco, hemp, garden vegetables, and fruits of many sorts. Towns. — Knoxville, Kingston, Washington, Clinton, Rutledge, Newport, Bluntsville, &c. in east Tennessee. Nashville, Franklin, Columbia, Murfreesboro, M'Minnville, Fayetteville, &c. in the centre ; and Memphis, Bolivar, Brownsville, Lexington, Jackson, Trenton, Dresden and ReynolHsburg in West Tennessee. Internal Improvements. — None yet completed. Naviga- ble communication between the waters of the Tennessee and those of the Coosa, are contemplated. A Rail Road from the town of Randolph, on the Mississippi, to Jackson in Madison county, 65 miles, and one from Nashville to New Orleans, are proposed, and measures for insuring their early completion, have been adopted. Terre Haute, Ind. (145.) Ticonderoga, N. Y. (60 ) Tazewell, T. (-211.) Timballier Bay, Lou. (323.) Tcssuntee, N. C. (231.) Tioga R., N. Y. (79.) Texes, Mex. (274.) Tolosa, Fl. (329.) Theobald, K. (169.) Tombecbee R., Ala. (282.) Thomasville, Ga. (316.) Tomkinsville, K. (209.) Thompson, Ct. (111.) Towanda, Pa. (106.) Thompsons, S. C. (290=) Towson, Ark. (260.) Thornton, N. H. (62.) Trenton, Me. (41.) Thorntown, Ind. (122.) Trenton, N. Y. (58.) Thurlow, U. C. (32.) Trenton, N. J. fl34,) capital of New Jersey. Popula- tion about 5,000. The public buildings are, a state-house, two banks, jail, several large cotton factories, &,c. ROUTES FROM TRENTON. To Philadelphia^ by Stage. Holmsburg, 1 1 22 Tullytown, 7 Frankford, 4 26 Bristol, 4 11 Philadelphia, 5 31 120 TRENTON. TROY. To Philadelphia, by S. Boat. To Crosswicks, by Stage. Lamberton, 2 Bloomsbury, 1 Bordentown, 4 6 White Horse, 3 4 Bristol, 9 15 Sand Hills, on C. &,. A. Burlington, 1 16 Rail Road, 2 6 Bridesburg-, 16 32 Crosswicks, 3 9 Philadelphia, 3 35 To New Brunswick, bv Del ToEaston, Pa. by Stage. aware and Raritan Canal. Penington, 9 Millham, 1 Ringoes, 10 19 Williamsburg, 10 11 Flemington, 6 25 Kingston, 3 14 Pittstown, 9 34 Rocky Hill, 2 16 Hickorytown, 4 38 Griggstown, 2 18 Bloom sbnry, 5 43 Blackwells, 4 22 Easton, 8 51 Millstone, 3 25 Bound brook. 5 30 To New York, by Stage. New Brunswick, 7 37 Princeton, 10 Kingston, 3 13 To Bordentown, by Dela- New Brunswick 13 26 ware and Raritan Canal. Milton, 13 39 Bloomsbury, 1 Elizabethtown, 5 44 Lamberton, 1 2 Newark, 6 50 Bordentown, 4 6 New York, 10 60 To Saxtonville, by Canal. To New York, by Stage and Yardleyville Ferry, 5 Steam Boat. Jacobs Creek, 2 7 New Brunswick , as Titusville, 3 10 above, 26 Belle Mt. 3 13 Perth Amboy, 12 38 Lambertville and New York, 25 63 New Hope, Prattsville, Saxtonville, 3 16 5 21 3 24 Trenton, T. (226.) Troupsville, N. Y. (56.) Trenton, N. C. (237.) Troy, N. Y. (83,) a large and flourishing city, and seat of justice for Renssellaer county. Its population is about 15,000, with numerous elegant public buildings and TRO UNI 121 private dwellings. Among the former are four banks, seven churches, a court-house, &c. ROUTES FROM TROY. To Whitehall, by Champlain Sandy Hill, 2 50 Canal. Kingsbury, 4 54 Lansingburg, 4 Fort Ann, 4 58 Anthony's Kill, ]0 14 Whitehall, 12 70 Stillwater, 3 17 (For routes to Montreal, Bemis' Heights, 4 21 Utica, Buffalo, &c. see Fort Miller, 12 43 " Routes from Albany.") Fort Edward, 5 48 Tannewanta Canal, see N. York. Troy and Ballston Rail Road, see N. York, (83.) Troy, O. (124.) Troy, Ind. (167.) Troy, Ten. (205.) Truxtun, N. Y. (80.) Truxrille, O. (126.) Tuckerton, N. J. (158.) U. Tuckersville, Ga. (305.) Tulins, Lou. (277.) Tunkhannock, Fa. (107.) Turner, N. C. (217.) Tuscaloosa, Ala. (266.) Tuscaloosa R., Ala. (266.) Tuscumbia, Ala. (247.) Tuscumbia Rail Road, see Alabama, (246.) Tushcacuta, Miss. (246.) Union, Pa. (153.) Union Canal, (85.) see N. H. Union, Mo. (163.) Union, S. C. (253.) Union T., Va. (194.) Unity, Me. (40.) United States of North America, or " America," as they are termed by foreigners, consist of the following States, Territories and Districts. States. — Maine ; New Hampshire ; Vermont ; Massa- chusetts ; Rhode Island ; Connecticut ; New York ; New Jersey ; Pennsylvania ; Delaware ; Maryland ; Virginia ; North Carolina ; South Carolina ; Georgia ; Alabama ; Mississippi ; Louisiana ; Tennessee ; Kentucky ; Missouri ; Illinois ; Indiana ; Ohio ; Arkansas and Michigan. 11 Ufallah.Ga. (301.) Unadilla, N. Y. (81.) Underwood, Ala. (246.) Underwoods, Miss. (264.) Union, N. Y. (83.) Union Canal, (132,) see Pa. 122 UNITED STATES. Territories. — Florida and Wisconsin. Districts. — Columbia ; Mandan ; Oregon ; Osage and Ozark. The Districts of Oregon, Mandan, and Ozark, com- prehend the entire region lying west of the stales of Mis- souri, Illinois, Arkansas, Michigan, and the territory of Wisconsin. The whole having a population according to the census of J 830, of 12,835,106, and an area of 2,037,165 square miles. (A more detailed account of the States, &:.c. will be found under the head of each.) Capital, Washington, lat. 38° 53' N. Metropolis, New York, lat. 40° 43' N. long. 2° 55' E. Congress meet, first Monday in December. Date of Constitution, September 17lh, 1787. The elections for President, and members of the Senate and House of Representatives, are determined by the state governments respectively, and occur at differ- ent periods. The president is elected for four years ; the members of the Senate for six, and those of the House of Representatives, for two years. Government. — The executive department consists of a President, who receives $25,000, and a Vice-President, $5,000 per annum. Four Secretaries, who are respectively charged with the duties of the various departments of state, the treasury, war, and the navy. Each of the Secretaries receive a salary of $6,000 per annum ; one post master general, $6,000 ; and the attorney general, $3,500. These hold their offices at the will of the President. Department of State. — The Secretary of this branch of the government, conducts the diplomatic correspondence at home and abroad; negotiates treaties with foreign powers; disseminates the acts of Congress and all treaties ; grants passports ; has charge of the patent office, and of the seal of the United States, Szc. &.c. The Secretary of the Treasury, superintends all fiscal concerns of the government, and, upon his own responsibi- lity, recommends to Congress measures for improving the condition of the revenue, and settles all government ac- counts, in which he is aided by two comptrollers, five UNITED STATES. 123 auditors, a treasurer and a register. The General Land Office is a subordinate branch of this department. The secretary of war has the superintendence of mili- tary affiiirs generally; the erection of fortifications; of making topographical surveys ; surveying and leasing the national lead mines, and of the intercourse with Indian tribes. The secretary of the navy issues all orders to the navy of the United States, and superintends the concerns of the navy establishment generally. The board of navy com- missioners consisting of three officers of the navy, is at- tached to the office of the secretary of the navy. This board discharges all the ministerial duties of that office. General Post Office, — This department is under the su- perintendence of the post master general, who has two assistants. The post master general has the sole appoint- ment of all the post masters throughout the United States, and the direction of every thing relating to this department. The Legislature,— CO s'lsts of a Senate and House of Kepresentatives, styled tl\e Congress of tJie United States ; meet once every year. \The Senate is composed of 52 members; two trom each state. They are chosen by the legislatures of the several Mates, for the term of six years, one third of them being elected biennially. The vice president of the Ui\ited States is president of the Senate. In his absence a president pro-tempore is chosen by the Senate. The House of Representatives is composed of members from each of the states, elected by the people for a term of two years. The present number o." representatives is 235, and three delegates, one from each of the territories. The Judiciary. — The Supreme Covirt consists of a Chief Justice, with a salary of $5000 per annum, and six associ- ate justices, who receive annually $45t.O each ; one attor- ney-general, clerk, marshal, &c. Tht Supreme Court meets once a year, on tiie second Mondf in January. V Circuit Courts. Each of the justices of the Supreme Court, attends also in a certain circuit, consisting of two or more districts, appropriated to each, and, in conjunction with the judge of the district, compose a Circuit Court, which is held in each district of the circuit twice a year. 124 UNI VANDALIA. The District courts are held respectively by the district judge alone. They are composed of twenty -eight judges, to each of whom a certain district is assigned. Each of these districts embraces an entire state, except those of New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Alabama, Louisiana and Tennessee, which are divided into two districts each. (For information on the physical structure, productions, &c of the United States, see the individual states.) University, N. C. (235.) Upperville, Va. (1.55.) Upper Canada, U. C. (54.) Urbanna, O. (125.) Upper Marlboro, Md. (177.) Urbanna, Va. (198.) Upper Sandusky, O. (125.) Utica, N. Y. (58.) V. Vacasausa B., Fl. (328.) Vance, G. (250.) Vandalia, II. (164,) capital of the state of Illinois. Popa- lation, 1,500. STAGE ROUTES FROM VANDALIA. To Terre Haute. Ewington, 31 EmbarrasR. 28 59 Terre Haute, 46 105 To America. Salem, 25 Mt. Vernon, 24 49 Frankfort, 30 79 Vienna, 36 115 To St. Louis, Mo. America, 25 140 Greenville, 16 EdwardsviUe, 33 49 To Kaskaskia. St. Louis, 20 69 Carlyle, 28 Covington, 10 38 To Vincennes. New Nashville 8 46 Maysville, 45 Kaskaskia, 40 86 Lawrenceville, 42 87 Vincennes, 10 97 To Galena Springfield, 70 To Shawneetown. Elk Hart Grove, 8 78 Salem, 25 Athens, 10 88 Mt. Vernon, 24 49 Pekin, 40 128 M'Leansboro, 30 79 Little Prairie, i9 137 Shawneetown, 28 107 Peoria, 1 138 Rock River, 76 214 Galena, J^63 277 VERMONT. 125 Vansvillc, Md. (156.) Venus, II. (117.) Vareeiis, S. C. (275.) Vergennes, Vt. (36.) Varennes, vS. C. (252.) Vermillion R., II. (120.) Vasfcalboro, Me. (40.) Vermillion Bay, Fl. (321.) Vermont, state of, (84,) is divided into 13 counties. Po- pulation in 1830, 280,679. Area, 9,800 square miles. Capi- tal, Montpelicr. Metropolis, Bennington, lat. 42° 53' N. long. 3° 45' E. General election, first Tuesday in Septem- ber. Legislature meet, second Thursday in October. Constitution formed, 1777. Govermneiit. — Governor, salary $750 per annum. Lieu- tenant-governor, and a council of ]"2 persons, who are all chosen annually. Legislature consists of a single body, a house of representatives, the members of which are elected annually, and arc styled the General Assembly. Judiciary: — consists of a supreme court, having a chief justice and four associate judges, and a county court for each county, composed of one of the judges of the supreme court and two assistant judges, all elected annually by the general assembly. A council of censors, (13 persons,) is chosen every seven years, for the purpose of inquiring whether the laws have been faithfully executed, &c. Physical Structure. — Vermont, as its name implies, is a mountainous region. The great Allegheny mountains pass through the entire length of the state, separating the waters of the Connecticut, from those running into Lake Cham- plain. A few miles east from Middlebury, a spur leaves the main ridge, and passing in a north-eastern course, is successively broken by Onion, Lamoelle and Misisque rivers. Tiie space intervening between the primary and secondary ranges, forms a table-land having a mean alti- tude of not less than 800 feet above the surface of Lake Champlain. This plateau, in its turn, supports a multitude of hills and mountain peaks, in some places insulated, and in others forming continuous ranges of several miles in ex- tent. Besides the ridges just mentioned, other mountains of great elevation, occur in the south-western part of the state, altogether presenting a surface exceedingly rough and uneven. 11* 126 VERMONT. VIRGINIA. Lakes. — Champlain, Mernphramagog, Seymour, West- more, Trout, Bombazine, &c. Rivtrs. — Connecticut, Vi^hite, Pasumsick, Black, Missis- que, La Moelle, Onion, Otter, &c. Islands. — North Hero, South Hero, La Mottc, &,c. Productions. — Wheat, rye, barley, indian corn, oats, pot and pearl ashes, provisions, &c. Toicns. — Montpelier, Bennington, Burlington, Middle- bury, Windsor, Woodstock, Rutland, Danville, Fayetteville, Vergennes, St. Albans, «fec. &c. Internal Improvements. — Bellows Falls Canal, around those falls, halfa mile long. Water quechy Canal. White River CanaL All the preceding canals are designed to overcome falls in the Connecticut river. Vernon, N. Y, (58.) Versailles, K. (1 69.) Vernon, O. (102.) Vevay, Ind. (168.) Vernon, N. J, (108.) Vicksburg, Miss. (279.) Vernon, Ind (147.) Victor, N. Y. (79.) Vernon, T. (227.) Vienna, Md. (178.) Vernon, Ga, (288.) Vienna, II. (186.) Versailles, Ind. (147.) Vincennes, Ind. (166.) Virginia, state of, (193,) is divided into 116 counties. Population in 1830, 1,211,272, including 469,724 slaves. Area, 66,624 square miles. Capital and metropolis, Rich- mond. Lat. 37^ 32' N. Long. 0^ 26' W. Constitution amended and adopted in 1830. General Election, April. Legislature meet, first Monday in December. Government. — Governor elected by the General Assembly — ^term t)f office three years, salary $3,333 1 -3. Lieutenant- governor, $1,000. Two counsellors, each $1000. Tiea- surer and auditor, each $2000. Legislature, styled the General Assembly of Virginia, consists of a senate and house of delegates. The senate consists of 32 members : and the house of delegates of 134, of whom 31 are elected by the counties in western Virginia. The legislature meets annually on the first Monday in December, at Richmond, the capital of the state. Judiciary. — The court of appeals consists of a president with a salary of $2,720, and four other judges, whose salary VIRGINIA. 127 is $2,500 each. This court holds two sessions annually, one at Richmond for East Virginia ; the other at Lewisburg in Greenbier county, for West Virginia, including all the counties west of the blue ridge, con::mencing on the first Monday in July, and continuing ninety days, if business requires it. General Court. — The state is divided into ten districts and twenty circuits. There are twenty judges, — one for each circuit. A circuit superior court of law and chancery is held twice every year in each county and corporation. Physical Structure. — All that portion of the state which lies east of the road leading from Fredericksburg to Peters- burg, &,c. comprising about 8,000 square miles, is level and but little elevated above the ocean ; some parts of it are constantly, and others occasionally inundated. The coun- try which intervenes between that just mentioned and the Blue ridge, is much broken, its ascents abrupt and rock}^ ^nd presents other characteristics of a mountainous region. West of the Blue ridge, the entire region consists of a suc- cession of elevated ridges, between which, valleys of great fertility occur, these, although greatly depressed below the summits of the adjacent mountains, are elevated several hundred feet above the ocean tides. After passing the Allegheny mountain, the surface is much broken by the action of the waters, as they passed over the surface of that immense inclined plane, and thus formed those deep chasms and ravines, through which the streams generally flow. To this abrasion may be ascribed the mountainous appearance which the western part of the state presents. What appears to be mountains, are how- ever nothing more than buttresses which support the table- land in the rear. The natural geography of the state may be thus briefly defined ; in the east, level ; in the centre, mountainous ; and in the west, hilly with extensive elevated plans. Bays and rivers. — Chesapeake Bay, and rivers Potomac, south branch of Potomac, Shenandoah, Rappahannoe, York, JaKies, Appomattox, Nottoway, Roanoke, Dan, &c. in the east ; Ohio, Monongahela, Cheat, Great and Little Kanawha 12S VIRGINIA. Elk, Gauley, Greenbrier, New, Guyandot, Sandy, Clinch, Holston, &,c., in the western part. Productions. — Wheat, rye, Indian corn, oats, buckwheat, tobacco, &LC. Salt is manufactured in large quantities in the western part of the state, gold is found in Spotsylvania, and some of the adjacent counties. Towns. — Richmond, Petersburg, Norfolk, Lynchburg, Fredericksburg, Williamsburg, Charlottsviile, Fuirfax,War- renton, Leesburg, east of the blue ridge. Winchester, Staunton, Harrisonburg, Warm Springs, Wheeling, Par- kersburg, Charleston, Ft. Pleasant, Abington, &.c. in the west. Internal Improvements. — James River Canal, is merely a series of 12 locks, which connects the river with a basin at Richmond 80 feet above tide waler. From this basin proceeds the Richmond Canal,25 feet wide, and 4 deep, for 2^ miles, when it unites with the river, i'hree miles fur- ther is a short canal of three locks, around a fall of 34 feet. James and Jackson River Canal and Navigation, com- mences at the basin at Richmond, and extends to Maiden's Adventure Falls, 30^ miles. Balcony Falls Canal extends along the bank of James River, through a gap of the Blue ridge, length 6-8 1 miles. An extension of the James River Canal, is now in course of execution. The Roanoke im- provement consist of a slack water navigation, and extends from the Weldon Canal in N. Carolina to Salem in Vir- ginia, 244 miles. The Dan, Chowan, Slate, Rappahannoc, Shenandoah, Potomac, Monongahcla, and Kanawha rivers, have been similarly improved. Dismal Swamp Canal, ex- tends from Deep Creek, a tributary of Chesapeake B:iy, to Joyces Creek, a branch of Pasquotank river of Albemaile sound, length 23 miles. Two lateral Canals, one from Lake Drummond, 5 miles in length, whi::h in addition to its uses for the purposes of navigation, serves as a feeder to the main trunk; and the other 6 miles long, opens a com- munication between the principal canal, and the head waters of North West river. — Rail Roads. Manchester Rail Road, extends from Manchester to the coal mines, length 13 miles. Winchester Rail Road extends from Harper's Ferry to Winchester, length 30 miles. Peten- VIRGINIA. WARM SPRINGS. 129 hurg and Roanoke Rail Road, extends from Petersburg in Virginia, to Blakely, at the footof tho Roanoke canal, in N. Carolina, length 59-38 miles. A branch from this road leaves the main lines about 10 miles from Blakely, which extends to the head of the rapids of Roanoke, length about 12 miles. Portsmouth and Roanoke Rail Road, commences at Portsmouth opposite Norfolk, passes in a direct course, intersects the Petersburg road 6 miles from Blakely, and terminates in the Roanoke, a short distance below the Petersburg branch, length 80 miles. Richmond and Pe- tersburg Rail Road, length 21-50 miles. Richmond and Fredericksburg Rail Road, (now in progress,) length 64 miles. Belleplain Rail Road extends from Fredericks- burg to Blleplaine, situated on a branch of the Potomac, (in progress,) length 11 miles. Several other Rail Roads are proposed. Volina, F. (338.) W. Wabash and Erie Canal, see Carolina, (274.) Indiana, (123.) Winchester Rail Road, see Weldon Canal, see N. Garo- Virginia, (154.) Una, (217.) Wabash R., Ind. (122.) West Chester Rail Road, see Wabash R., II. (144.) Pennsylvania, (133.) Wacanda, Mo. (117.) Waterqaeche Canal, see Ver- Waddington, N. Y. (34.) mont, (61.) Wadesboro, K. (206.) White River Canal, see Ver- Wadesboro, N. C. (234.) mont, (61.) W^allace, Lou. (277.) Wilmington and Downing- Wallingford, Ct. (110.) town Rail Road, see Dela- Walnutgrove, K. (190.) ware, (] 57.) Walterboro, S. C. (290.) Washington Canal, see New Walton, N. Y. (81.) Jersey, (134.) Warebore, Ga. (304.) Winyaw Canal, see South Warm Springs, N. C. (132.) Warm Springs, Va. (174,) a noted watering place, situ- ated in Bath county, on the w^estern declivity of Spring mountain. The waters, used chiefly for bathing, are char- acterised by a high and uniform degree of temperature, (97^°,) and the presence of sulphuretic hydrogen, and carbonic acid gasscs. 130 WASHINGTON. Warren, Me. (40.) Washington, N. H. (61.) Warren, O. (102.) Washington, Pa. (128.) Warren, Pa. (103.) . Washington, O. (149.) Warren, O. (128.) Washington, Ind. (1 66.) Warren, Va. (196.) Washington, Va. (175.) Warrenton, Va. (176.) Washington, T. (-230.) Warrenton, N. C. (216.) Washington, N. C. (237.) Warrenton, Ga. (271.) Washington, N. C. (257.) Warrington, Miss. (279.) Washington, Arls. (260.) Warwassing, N. Y. (108.) Washington, Ga. (271 .) Warwick, R. I. (111.) Washington, Ala. (284.) Warwick, Md. (157.) Washington, Miss. (225.) Washington, D. C. (176.) Capital of the United States, Population, 18,827. This city is laid out on a great scale. Its avenues and principal streets, radiate from centres formed by the various public buildings, and are from 130 to 160 feet wide. Penn- sylvania avenue, which leads from the Capitol to the Presi- dent's house, is the principal place of business, and the great promenade of the city. Many of the other streets are wide and well built. The greater part of the city plot, however, remains unoccupied. The public buildings, &-c. are, 1. The capitol, 363 feet in length, with an open area containing 22.^ acres ; cost of the capitol was $2,596,500. 2. The president's house about 1 1-4 mile from the capitol. 3. The public offices, four in number, in the immediate vicinity of the president's house; these buildings are occupied by the four departments of the government. 4. The general post office. The navy yard is situated on the eastern branch of the Potomac. In addition to the above, which belong to the United Slates, there are many public buildings, erected by the local au- thorities of the city and others, among these are ; the city hall, Columbia college, catholic college, market house, the- atre, several banks, 17 churches, &.c. ROUTES FROM WASHINGTON. To Baltimore, by Stage. I Vansville, 8 14 Bladensburg, 6 j Elkridge Landing, 15 29 WASHINGTON. 131 Baltimore, 8 37 Millwood, 10 71 Winchester, 13 84 To Dover., Del. Bladensbur^ 6 To Virginia Springs, by Pawtuxet R., 20 26 Stage. Annapolis, 14 40 Alexandria, 9 Broad Cr. (by water,) 12 5^2 Fairfax C.H. 15 24 Sharktown, 4 56 Centreville, 8 32 Quoenstown, 8 64 Bull Run, 3 35 Centreville, 7 71 Auckland Mills, 11 46 Georgetown, 25 96 New Baltimore, 4 50 Dover, 8 104 Warrenton, 6 56 Lee's Sulphur Sp. 6 62 To Point LooJcout. Jefferson, 3 65 Welby, 7 Fairfax C. H. 12 77 Piscalaway, 8 15 Cedar Mt. 6 83 Port Tobacco, 14 29 Rapidan, 6 89 Newport, 13 42 Orange C. H. 7 96 Chaytico, 10 52 (Thence to Montpe ier, Leonardtown, 5 57 scat of Mr. Madison, Great Mills, 11 68 5 miles.) St. Jnigocs, 7 75 Gordonsville, 8 104 Ft. Lookout, 10 85 Monticello, 16 120 Chariottsville and ^ University of Va. C 3 123 To Richmond, Va. Alexandria, 9 York, 19 142 Oecoquan, 17 26 Waynesboro, 6 148 Dumfries, 9 35 Staunton, 12 160 Aquia, 9 44 Jennings N. Mt. 17 177 Fredericksburg, 14 58 Clove rd ale. 12 189 Bowlinggreen, 22 80 Green Valley, 11 200 Hanover C. H. 23 103 Warm Springs, 13 213 Richmond, 19 122 Hot Springs, 5 218 Jackson River, 9 227 To Winchester, Va. White Sulphur Sp. 29 256 Alexandria, 9 (Thence to Sweet Sul- Fairfax C. H. 14 23 phur Sp. 18 miles.) Aldie, 24 47 Sweet Sulphur Sp. 28 284 Upperville, 14 6J Salt Sulphur Sp. 1 285 132 WASHINGTON. Red Sulphur Spr. 14 299 Mathew's Point, 8 58 (See Warm Spring Sweet Cedar Ft. 7 65 Sulphur Springs, &c.) Washington's Birth ■ place. 11 76 To Frederick, Md. Ragged Point, 15 91 Simon sville, 7 Pt. Lookout, 16 107 Rockville, 7 14 Patuxent R. 20 127 Seneca, 7 21 Sharp's Island, 22 149 Middlebrook, 5 26 Herring Bay, 10 159 Hyattstown, 8 34 Bodkin Pt. 32 191 Frederick, 11 45 Baltimore, 13 204 To Baltimore, by Steam To Harper's Ferry, by Canal. Boat. Great Falls, 13 Alexandria, 8 Seneca Creek, 10 23 Mount Vernon, 9 17 Peter's Quarry, 17 40 Crane Island, 5 22 Monocacy R. 5 45 Cook's Ferry, 13 35 Cotoctin Cr. 12 57 Boyd's Hole, 15 50 Harper's Ferry, 12 69 WashittaR.,Ark. (241.) Washitta R., Lou. (278.) Waterford, Me. (39.) Waterford, N. Y. (83.) Waterford, Pa. (102.) Waterford, Pa. (131.) Waterford, O. (151.) Waterholes, Miss. (296.) Waterloo, Ala. (246.) Watertown, N. Y. (58.) Watertown, Ct. (109.) Waynesboro, T. (227.) Wayneeboro, G. (272.) Waynesboro, N. C. (236.) Waynesville, N. C. (232.) Waynesburg, Pa. (152.) Wayne, Ind. (97.) Wayne, Pa. (133.) Weathersford, Ala. (284.) Weatlotucko, Ga. (285.) WebbviUe, Fl. (314.) Well, K. (189.) Wellfleet, Mass. (112.) Wellsboro, Pa. (105.) Wells, Me. (63.) Wells, Pa. (156.) Wentworth, N. H. (62.) Wentworth, N. C. (215.) Westminster, Vt. (61.) Westminster, Md. (156.) Westport, Md. (153.) West Point, N. Y. (109.) Weston, Va. (152.) Westville, Miss. (296.) West Union, O. (170.) W. Chester, Pa. (157.) West, N. Y. (57.) Weymouth, N. J. (158.) WHEELING. 133 Wheeling, Va. (128.) This town is not only important as it regards population, but is also the leading point in one of the great thoroughfares of this section of the United States. Its population in 1830, was 5,221, but the number lias increased considerably since that period. The national road leading from the Cumberland to the western capitals, passes through Wheeling; at this point emigrants and travellers embark on board of steam boats for every part of the western country. ROUTES FROM WHEELING. To Baltimore, by the Nation- To Chillicothe al Road. Zanesville, as above, 80 W. Alexandria, Pa 16 Union, 9 89 Claysville, 6 22 Somerset, 9 98 Washington, 9 31 Rushville, 8 106 Hillsboro, 12 43 Lancaster, 10 116 Brownsville, 11 54 Tarlton, 14 130 Union, 12 66 Kingston, 8 138 Smythfield, 21 87 Chillicothe, 12 150 Mt. Pleasant, Md. 29 116 Cumberland, 10 126 To Wooster, . Prattsville, 21 147 Harrisville, 13 Hancock, 18 165 Cadiz, 9 22 Williamsport, 27 192 New Philadelphia, 33 55 Boonsboro, 12 204 Dover, on Canal, 3 58 Frederick, 16 220 Paintville, 18 76 Baltimore, by R. R. 59 279 Wooster, 16 92 To Columbus, 0. by the To Pittsburg. National Road. Washington, Pa. 31 St. Clairsville, 10 Canonsburg, 7 38 Morristown, 12 22 Birmingham, 17 55 Fairview, 12 34 Pittsburg, 1 56 Washington, 14 48 Cambridge, 7 55 To Pittsburg, by Steam Norwich, 15 70 Boat. Zanestille, 10 80 Warren ton. 8 Hebron, 27 107 Wellsburg, 6 14 Columbus, 28 135 Steubenville, 7 21 12 134 WHITE SULPHUR SPRING. Fawcetstown, 22 43 Point Pleasant, Va. 29 170 Beaver, 19 62 Gallipolis, 3 173 Economy, 9 71 Guyandot, 34 207 Middletown, 9 80 Burlington, 7 214 Pittsburg, 11 91 Portsmouth, 41 255 Manchester, 36 291 To Cincinnati^ by S. Boat. Maysville, 10 301 Elizabethtovvn, 13 Ripley, 7 308 Sistersville, 35 48 Augusta, 9 317 Newport, 17 65 Point Pleasant, O. 15 332 Marietta, 16 81 Cincinnati, 26 358 Parkersburg, 13 94 (For continuation to N. Or- Bellville, 17 111 leans, see " Cincinnati.") Letart's Rapids, 30 141 White Apple, Miss . (295.) White Plains, N. Y. (109.) Whitehall, N. Y. (60.) White River, Ind. (123.) White Hills, N. H. (38.) White R., Ark. (2U1.) White Sulphur Spring, Va. (194,) in Greenbrier county, a place of fashionable resort during the months of July, August and September, and the most celebrated among the innumerable mineral springs, which abound in the central parts of Virginia. The water is highly charged with sul- phuretted hydrogen gas, which affects the atmosphere at night, to a considerable distance around the spring. Wickford, R. I. (111.) Wilderness, Va. (176.) Wilford, Ala. (298.) Wilkesbarre, Pa. (107.) Wilkesville, N. C. (213.) Williamsburg, O. (149.) Williamsburg, Va. (198.) Williamsburg, T. (209.) Williamsburg, K. (210.) Williamsburg, Miss. (297.) Williamsboro, N. C. (216.) Williamsport, Pa. (105.) Williamsport, Ind. (121.) Williamston, Vt. (37.) Williamston, Mass. (83.) Williamston, N. C. (237.) Williamstown, N. Y. (34.) Williams, Ark. (259.) Williams, Ala. (311.) Williamsport, K. (169.) Williston, Vt. (37.) Willovvgrove, Pa. (133.) Willstown, Ala. (249.) Wilmington, Vt. (84.) Wilmington, O. (126.) Wilmington, O. (149.) WILMINGTON. 135 Wilmington, Del. (157,) the metropolis of the state of Delaware. Population in 1830, 6,628; is now probably 8,000. The public building-a are a city hall, two market houses, three banks, alms house, arsenal, 13 churches, &.c. There are in and about Wilmington upwards of 100 ex- tensive manufactories, chiefly on the Brandywine creek. The Brandywine springs are situated about 5 miles west of Wilmington. ROUTES FROM WILMINGTON. To Philadelphia, by Stage. Chester, 13 Darby, 9 21 Philadelphia, 6 28 To Baltimore, by Stage. Christiana, Elkton, Havre de Grace, Hartford, Gunpowder, Baltimore, 9 11 20 16 36 11 47 10 57 15 72 To Dover, Del. New Castle, 5 Red Lion» 7 12 St. George's, 3 15 Trap, 4 19 Cantwcll's, 4 23 Smyrna, 10 33 Hamsville, 7 40 Dover, 5 45 To Philadelphia by Steam Boat. Delaware R. 3 Marcus Hook, 8 11 Chester, 4 ]5 Lazaretto, 5 20 Fort Mifflin, 5 25 Gloucester Point, 5 30 Philadelphia, 3 33 Wilsons, Miss. (264.) Wilshire. O. (124.; Winchendon, Mass. (84.) Winchester, Ct. (109.) Winchester, O. (124.) Winchester, Va. (154.) Winchester, K. (169.) Winchester, T. (228.) Winchester, Miss. (298.) Wind Gap, Pa. (133.) Windham, Me. (63.) Windham, Ct. (110.) Windsor, Vt. (61.) Windsor, Ct. (110.) Windsor, N. C. (237.) Winsboro, S. C. (253.) Winyaw Bay, S. C. (274.) Wiscasset, Me. (64.) Wisconson R., Mich. (44.) Witamky, Fl. (329.) Womelsdorf, Pa. (132.) Woodbury, N.J. (157.) Woodsfield, O. (151.) Woodstock, Me. (39.) 130 woo , ZAN Woodstock, Vt. (61.) Wooster, O. (126.) Woodstock, Va. (175.) Worcester, xMass. (85.) Woodville, Va. (175.) • Worthington, O. (125.) Woodville, Va. (197.) Wyliesburg, Va. (216.) Woodville, Miss. (295.) Wynton, N. C. (217.) Woodville, Lou. (324.) Wyoming, Pa. (107.) Wisconsin, Territory of, is divided into counties. Population, (l837,) about 20,000. Area, 267,850 square miles. Capital, Burlington. Lat. 40° 62' N. Long. 14° 05' VV. Government. — Governor appointed by the President and Senate; and Secretary, v^^ho continue in office two years. The judicial, as well as the executive officers of the Ter- ritory are chosen by the president of the U. States, by and with the consent of the Senate. Physical Structure. — Extending from the Lat. of 40° 25' to 49° North, with an area equal in extent to four or five of the bordering states, the Territory of Wisconsin possesses almost every variety of soil — nothing deserving the name of mountain is found within its limits, and, with the exception of the innumerable lakes and swamps which abound in the northern part of the Territory, every part of its surface is susceptible of cultivation. Even in the lead districts, where fertility is scarcely looked for, the agricul- tural products are in no wise inferior to those of other sec- tions of the country. Mines of lead have for many years been worked to great advantage. Copper ore has also been recently found in great abundance, and of superior quality. Xenia, O. (149.) Y. Yadkin R., N. C. (213.) York, Pa. (156.) Yakunnee, Miss. (282.) York, Va. (198.) Yancyville, Va. (196.) York H., P. (132.) Yazoo R., Miss. (263.) York R., Va. (198.) York, or Toronto, U. C. (54.) Yorkville, S. C. (253.) York, Me. (63.) Youngs, II. (165.) York, II. (145.) Z. Zanesville, O. (150.) . TABLE OF MONEY. 13T TABI.Z: OF THE COMPARATIVE VALUE OF MONEY, IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OF EUROPE, ESTIMATED IN DOLLARS AND CENTS. The fractional parts of the cents are decimals. Great Britain. Holland. $ cts. $ cts. Farthing^ 00,46 Stiver 01,94 Penny 01,85 Scalin, 11,64 Groat 07,40 Guilder, or Florin 38,80 Shilling 22 22 Rix dollar, 97,00 Crown, or 5 shillings Ducat 2 07,86 1 11,16 Gold Ducat 8 00,00 Sovereign, or pound 4 44,44 Guinea, :il shillings 4 66,66 Portugal Re 00,12 France. Vinton 02,50 Denier, 00,08 Testoon 12,50 Sol, or 12 deniers. 00,92 Crusade of ex 50,00 Livre Tournois, or Milre* 1 25,00 20 sols 18,52 Moidore 6 00,00 Ecu, or crown, 6 Joannese 8 00,00 livres 1 10,00 Pistole,* 10 livres 1 85,17 Italy. Louis d'or 4 44,44 Soldi, 00,80 Franc 18.74 Chevelet 03,18 Five fracs. 93,70 Lire* 15,92 Testoon 23,88 Spain. Croisade 79,60 Maravadie* 00,30 Pezzo of ex* 92,60 Rial . 10,00 Genouine, 1 36,12 Pistarine, 20,00 Pistole, 3 20,00 Piaster of ex* 80,00 Dollar, 1 00,00 Switzerland. Ducat of ex* 1 10,00 Fenning 00,24 Pistole, 3 60,00 Cruitzer, 00,92 H * 138 TABLE OP MONEY. $ cts. Prussia. Sol* 02,77. $ cts. Gulden, 55,55 Grosh, 00,86 Rix dollar, 1 00,00 Coustic 04,32 Tinse 12,96 Austria. Ort 15,55 Crutzer, 00,86 Florin 25,92 Grosh, 03,14 Rix dollar* 77,76 Batzen, 03,44 Ducat 2 07,40 Gould 51,85 Frederick d'or 3 88,80 Rix dollar, 77,77 Ducat, 2 07,40 Russu. Atlin 03,00 Sweden. Grievener, 10,00 Stiver 00,72 Polpotin 25,00 Copper marc 02,88 Poltin 50,00 Silver marc 08,64 Ruble 1 00,00 Copper dollar 11,52 Zervonitz 2 00,00 Caroline, 25,92 Rix dollar 1 03,70 Turkey. Ducat 2 07,40 Mangar 00,28 Asper* 01,12 Denmark Parac 03,33 Skilling 01,04 Beslic 05,55 Duggeii 06,24 Estic 11,11 Marc* 16,66 Solata 22,22 Rix marc 20,83 Piaster* 88,88 Rix ort 25,00 Caragrouch 1 11,10 Crown 66,66 XerifF 2 22,20 Rix dollar 1 00,00 Ducat 8 83,34 * These are merely nominal, and not represented by any real coin. A LIST OF MAPS, CHARTS AND GEOGRAPHICAL WORKS, Recently published, and for sale by H. S. TANNER, Geographer and Map Publisher, No. 51 South Third Street, Philadelphia. No. 1. A new American Atlas, containing Maps of the several States of the North American Union, projected and drawn on a uniform scale of fifteen miles to the inch. Price of the work in half binding, . . . $30 00 2. The same, with the Maps mounted on rollers and var- nished, . . . . . 45 00 3. The same, omitting the Maps of the World and quar- ters, and reserving all those relating to North and South America, the States, &c. Price in half binding, 25 00 4. The same as the preceding, omitting the map of South America, and the Geographical Memoir, and reserving all the maps relating to the continent of North America, in- cluding the State Maps. Price . . 20 00 5. Atlas of the United States. Price, half bound, 8 00 6. The same pasted on pasteboards. Price 10 00 7. A new general Atlas, consisting of imperial sheet Maps of the World, 2 sheets ; World on Mercator's pro- jection, Europe, Asia, Africa, America, North America, South America, 2 sheets ; United States, Mexico, and Bri- tish possessions. Price . . . 10 00 8. A new College Atlas, consisting of a series of General Maps of the various grand divisions of the known world, imperial folio. Price, half bound, . . 5 00 9. The same as in the preceding, with the Maps pasted on thick pasteboards and varnished, for the use of schools. Price ..... 7 50 10. Atlas of Ancient Geography, designed to illustrate the works of the Ancient writers, both sacred and profane, 16 select Maps on imperial quarto. Price, half bound, 3 00 11. A new Map of North America, on four sheets, em- bracing all the recent discoveries of Ross, Parry, Frankl.n, Long, &,c. &c. Price, mounted on rollers or in a portable form, . . . . . 8 GO 140 Maps, Charts, ^^c. 12. A 4 sheet Map of Europe, improved to 183G, 8 00 13. Ditto Asia, ditto. 8 00 14. Ditto Africa, ditto. 8 00 15. A new Map of South America, in 2 sheets, 4 00 The Maps numbered 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15, are usually sold together; they form a set on which is delineated the entire surlace of the earth, and form as complete a body of geographical information on the known world, us the ex- isting state of knowledge will admit. 16. Map of the World on the Globular projection, two sheets. Price, on rollers and varnished, . 3 00 17. A new Map of the United States of Mexico, with numerous tables. Price, in pocket case, . 1 50 18. The Traveller's Guide, or Map of the Roads, Canals, and Railway routes of the United States. Price, in pocket case, ..... 75 19. Map of the existing and contemplated Canals of the State of Pennsylvania. Price . . 1 25 20. Map of the New England States, for travellers, in pocket case, . . . . 1 00 21. Map of the State of New York, ditto. 1 00 22. Do. States of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, for travellers, in pocket case, . . ' 1 00 23. Maps of the States of Ohio and Indiana, do. do. 1 00 24. Ditto. Virginia, Maryland & Delaware, for travellers, in pocket case, . . 1 00 25. Maps of the Sts. of Kentucky & Tennessee, do. 1 00 2a Ditto. North & S. Carolina, do. do. 1 00 27. Ditto. Georgia & Alabama, do. do. 1 00 28. Ditto. Louisiana &- Mississippi, do. 1 00 29. Ditto. Illinois «fe Missouri, do. do. 1 00 30. Map of the territory of Florida, do. do. 1 00 The same Maps are put up separately on muslin, in a portable case. Price each, . . 2 00 31. Chart of the World on Mercator's projection, one large sheet, . . . . 1 00 32. Map of Europe, one large sheet, . 1 00 33. Map of Asia, ditto. . . 1 00 34. Map of Africa, ditto. . . 1 00 35. Map of America, ditto. . . 1 00 Maps, Charts, ^c. 141 36. The four preceding Maps pasted together on 1 sheet of canvas and rollers, suitable for schools. Price 5 50 37. Map of Norlh America, one large sheet, 1 00 38. Map of the United States, medium sheet, 50 39. Map of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Newfound- land, &c. . . . . . 1 00 40. Chart of Delaware Bay, two sheets, . 1 00 41. Dissected Maps of the World, 1 larg-e sheet, 2 50 42. Ditto. Europe, ditto. 2 50 43. Ditto. Asia, ditto. 2 50 44. Ditto. Africa, ditto. 2 50 45. Ditto. United States, ditto. 2 00 45. The Mariner's Atmospherical Register or Weather- Book, . . . . . 2 50 47. A general outline of the U. States, with plates, 2 50 48. Atlas of Outline Maps, of the World and quarters, the set, . . . . . 50 49. School Atlas, consisting of the World, quarters, and United States, . . . . 50 50. A Geological Survey of the environs of Philadelphia, with a Map coloured geologically. Price . 63 51. Map of the country 15 miles ruund Philadelphia, with the roads, public houses, &c. in a pocket case. 50 52. Maps of the World, Europe, Asia, Africa &. America, mounted on rollers and varnished, suitable for counting houses, schools, &c. Price each $1 50, or the set, 7 00 53. Map of Schuylkill county, Pa. on a scale of 2 miles to the inch. Price . . . . 1 00 54. The Stranger's Guide to the public buildings, places of amusement, streets, lanes, alleys, wharves, principal hotels, steam boat landings, stage offices, &,c. in the city of Philadelphia and adjoining Districts, . 1 00 55. A new and authentic Map of Colombia, with its de- partments and provinces, constructed principally from the manuscript maps drawn at Bogota by order of the Colum- bian government. Price on rollers or in portable form, 5 00 Same printed on bank note paper, in pocket case, 3 50 56. A view of the United States — historical, geographical and statistical, exhibiting, in a convenient form, the na- tural and artificial features of the several states, and em- 142 Maps, Charts, Sfc. brrcing those leading branches of history and statistics, he.'t adapted to develope the present condition of the North American Union, ilhistrated with Maps, andscapes, 38 63. Ditto " 5. The same coloured. 50 64. Ditto " 6. Flowers, 38 65. Ditto " 7. Flowers, 38 66. Ditto " 8. Flowers, 38 67. Ditto " 9. Flowers, 38 68. Ditto "10. Roses, 38 69. Ditto containing 8 sheets of Flowers ! col'd. 1 00 70. A new and elegant Map of the United States, on a scale of 30 miles to the inch— ^5 feet 4 inches long, and 4 feet 2 inches high. Price of the Map, on rollers or in a portable form , . . . . 10 00 Ditto in pocket case, . . . 7 50 This map contains the following supplementary maps, plans, «Src. 1 Plan of the city of Boston. I 5 of Washington. 2 of New York. | 6 of Charleston. 3 of Philadelphia. 7 of New Orleans, 4 of Baltimore. | 8 Map of the environs of Boston. Albany, Saratoga, &c. New York and New Brunswick. Philadelphia and Trenton. Baltimore and Washington. Savannah, Georgia. Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, 15 General Map of Oregon and Matiden Districts. 16 Chart of the outlet of Oregon river. 9 of 10 of 11 of 12 of 13 of 14 of Maps, Charts, i^c. 143 17 South Part of Florida. 18 Profile of the Grand Portage, Maine. 1!) Statistical Table of the Western Districts. 20 of United States, exhibiting the Area, Capital, Metropolis, with its latitiide, longitude, and population ; date of constitution; time of stated meeting of the Legislature; day of general election; population of 1830, of each state and territory in the Union. 71. Memoir on the recent Surveys, Observations and Internal Impri)vements in tfie United States, with brief no- tices of the new counties, towns, villiges, canals and rail- roads, never before delineated, by H. S. Tanner. Intend- ed to accompany his new Map of the United States. Price . . . . . 1 00 72. Map of the United States, including the Western Districts. Price . . . . 75 73. Print. View of Mount Vernon, . 50 74. The same coloured, . . 75 75. Atlas of the state of South Carolina, containing maps of the several districts drawn on an uniform scale of two miles to the inch, . . . . 12 00 76. The same maps put in a portable form, at a price from $3 50 to $1 50 each. 77. Map of the slate of South Carolina on four sheets, drawn and pubhshed in conformity to the law of the Slate, . . . . . 5 00 78. A view of West Florida, embracing its geography, topography, &,c. with an appendix treating of its antiqui- ties, land titles, and proposed canals, with maps, by J. L. Williams. Price . . . . 2 00 79. Map of the western part of Florida, extending from Mobile bay to the Suwannee river, both inclusive, in pocket case, . . . . , 1 OO 80. A map of the state of New Jersey, with parts of the adjoining states, engraved on three sheets, by Tiiomas Gar- don. Improved to 1833. Mounted on rollers or in a por- table form. Price . . . . 8 OO 81. Plan of the city of Pittaburg and adjacent country. Price, in pocket case, . . . 1 00 8-2. Map of Northampton and Lehigh counties, Pa. on rollers, . , . . . l 75 144 Maps, Charts, ^c. 83. The same in pocket case, . . 1 00 84. Map of Montgomery county, Penn. on rollers, 1 75 85. The same in pocket case, . . 1 00 86. Map of Bucks county, Penn. on rollers, 1 75 87. The same in pocket case, . . 1 00 88. Map of Luzerne county, Penn. on rollers, 1 75 89. The same in a pocket case, . . I 00 90. Map of Chester county, Penn. on rollers, 1 75 91. The same in a pocket case, . . 1 00 92. Map of Huntingdon county, Penn. on rollers, 1 75 93. The same in a pocket case, . . 1 00 94. Map of Somerset county, Penn. on rollers, 1 75 95. The same in a pocket case, . . 1 00 96. Map of Dauphin and Lebanon counties, Penn. on rollers, . . . . . 1 75 97. The same in a pocket case, . . 1 00 98. Map of Philadelphia county, Penn. on rollers, 1 75 99. The same in a pocket case, . . 1 00 The above county maps are projected on an uniform scale of two and a half miles to an inch. 100. Map of Texas, on one large sheet, compiled by S. F. Austin, . . . . 1 00 101. The same in pocket case, . . 1 50 102. The Traveller's Pocket Map of New York, 38 103. Ditto ditto Pennsylvania, 38 104. Ditto ditto Virginia, 38 105. Ditto ditto North Carolina, 38 MAP ISSUED WITH THIS PUBLICATION IS IN THE MAP DIVISION LIBRARY OF CONGRESS ii 011 272 447 3