Class CSII Hook .Lq3 FRESENTKD BY Hubert nnh IMarg Snmrg (SIX GENERATIONS) "When family honor has a foundation in its history, he will indeed be a man of strong individuality who will break away from its grasp." ^ THE EXPLANATION. Years ago there was put into possession of the writer a collection of family documents left by Aunt Mary McNab, of the Lowellville family, and Miartha Jane McNab, of the Poland Center family; and a promise was then given that the records of our ancestry, so far as known, would be written at favorable opportunity. The information thus obtained was supplemented later by Alfred J. Lowry of the Leipsic family and, to a less extent, by many other relatives. All the grandchildren of Robert Lowry being now dead, the tradi- tions and records here printed are offered in fulfillment of the promise to preserve suich knowledge as we have of those admiriable men and wo- men of our family who have passed away, but still survive in the lives and character of their descendants; and on the appeal of the many in- terested the history has been brought down to date and given to com- prehend six generations. L. H. E. LOWRY. YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO. N. B. The original manuscript has been revised at the h;and of Houston W. Lowry Carlsibad, N. M., 1921. 'Uwo AN APPRECIATION Special recognition is due the author of the accompanying memoirs. The main record of his life is found in its appropriate place, all but the closing item prepared under his hand, but in view of pains with the his- tory he is deserving of more. He did not long survive the completion of his work with the records, and who else was so admirably fitted for the part or so concerned to see it accomplished? It is evident that he undertook the annals as a labor of love, and only intense personal interest could account for their laccu- racy and comprehensiveness. To collect the facts and put them in order made an immense task, and it occurs that but for him it would scarcely have been undertaken lat all. And the quality of the work lifts it high above routine. Any view of the pages discovers the mark of outright genius. The touch is not more vital, personal than literary. The sketches of pioneer life at the close of the print, forming a unique department of interest, are incident to our ancestry, but they offer rich appeal far outside immediate family circles and, independent of direct acquaintance, are fitted to set hearts aglow everywhere. "Hez" was a reserved nature, and he lived much apart. He was a stu- dent, a thinker, and in his practice of law he proved his rare ability as a counseller, but he was distinctively more than professional. The friends he made he kept, and in private he warmed and loosened into congenial, instructive, happy fellowship. He inherited the homestead, originally occupied by his grandfather and grandmother, William land Mary Houston Lowry, and at his death it was still his property; and the rich limestone deposit beneath its surface counted less with him than the fond sentiment of household lassociation. His life knew shadows, but at the sunset the sky was clear, bearing full promise of the bright eternal day. He belonged within the Cove- nant, assured and hallowed to him with the piety and prayerfulness of multiplied, antecedent generations, iand of his own faith and longing he was entrusted to the hands of the Covenant-keeping God and as heir of salvation was gathered to his fathers in peace. — H. W. L. Three FAMILY TRADITIONS; The Huguenot The Scotch-Irish group of Lowry families in America, including our own family, trace their lineage iha;ck to the north of Ireland and have a wide spread tradition that their remote (ancestors were Huguenots driven out of France during the religious wars and persecutions follow- ing the Protestant Reformation. The m'Ost authentic statement of this family tradition is in a letter from Rev. J. W. S. Lowry of the Cianadian Presbyterian Church at Fitzroy, Ontario: "From what you say of your forefathers we are undoubtedly of the same stock. The parishes of Killyleagh, Killinchy and Kilmore all border on each other, and are full of Lowrys. Kilmore is my native place, and I have many relatives in Killyleagh and Killinchy. My father, William Lowry, was a merchant and for many years an elder in the church at Kilmore, and I was born and brought up in that congregation. My maternal grandfather, Rev. Joseph Lowry, was pastor in that parish over half a century. Our progenitors were French Huguenots, Protestant refugees, who at the time of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew in August, 1572, fled to Great Britain and subsequently to the Emerald Isle. This is the tradi- tion related for generations past by the fathers to the children at the firesides of the old land and in my childhood days it was fondly cher- ished in my old home." THE NAME TRADITION. A second family tradition is that our Huguenot ancestors, at the time of the Reformation, were living at "Lory" or in "Lory River settle- ment," the exact location being unknown. Our family name is most gen- erally said to ibe derived from this place, (wherever it may have been), from which our remote ancestors fled, seeking refuge in Scotland where John Knox and the Lords of the Congregation had already established Presbyterianism. In those former days, when seals were used instead of signatures, the device upon the Lory seal, according to a third tr:adition, consisted of a wreath between two branches of laurel. It may be of some interest to note that this emblem appears now as part of the ;armorlal bearings of several distinguished families in the province of Ulster. When learning became more general and writing supplanted seals, m;any variations arose in written surnames. Thus we find, in the case of our own name, Low-rie and Lau-rle in the Scotch shires of Lanark, Ayr and Kirkcubright, and Low-ry in the Irish counties of Tyrone, Fer- managh and Down, while Lo-ry still survives as the name of more dis- tant family stocks. Variation in the form of the root name is extensive. It occurs as Lowery, Lowary, Lourie, Loughrie, Loughrey, LaugTirie and possibly others. Four AUTHENTIC ACCOUNT The parishes of Killinchy, Kilraore, and Killyle,agh in County Down, Ulster, are the first places that can be identified in our family history. Our direct ancestors settled in th'& parish of Killinchy about three hundred years ago, which corresponds in date with the first (1611) Scotch-Irish "Plantation" of Ulster. In process of time the Killinchy Lowrys increased and spread into the adjoining parishes of Killyleagh and Kilmore. The little parish of Killyleagh lies upon the western sh'ore of Strangford Lough. In this parish was born Robert Lowry, the first ancestor of whom we have definite knowledge. At Killyleagh he held an estate for the lives of three men. There he married and upon this estiat© he lived until, at the age of fifty-five, the estate was sold for enough to bring the family to America and establish them in another home upon the frontier of a new nation. The family documents, copies of which are appended, reproduced fac simile, show tbat this family were people of reputable connection, of unblemished character, sober, honest and industrious; that they were never concerned in any of the numerous rebellions that occured in Ire- land, and that all of them were members of the church at Kilmore. Robert Lowry, according to bis pastor's certificate, Wias a useful and confidential member of the session of that church, a man of piety and of the purest morals. Fiw CHURCH LETTER The bearer, Robert Lowry, his wife and sons, have been many years regular members of my congregation, of very reputable connection and unblemished character, admitted to the sacrament of the Supper and eve- ry privilege suited to their circumstances, his sons being yet in a state of celiibacy. He himself has been a very useful and confidential member of our session, a man of piety and the purest morals. This family now sails for America where I hope they will soon prove themselves worthy of friendly attention in whatsoever worshipping society Providence may order their lot. 2 9th of April, 1804. MOSES NEIDSON, D. D. P. D. H. Kilmore, County of Down, Ireland. CHURCH CERTIFICATE CI\^Ii TESTOfONIAli F^^' 1 i ^ ^ 'i s K ^-^>'- v\ ^ v/ J ^^^ ^ V K ^ MV V ■^ I '^. ^^ ^ ^ V! }? K^l^l MiS^.j:&Mlhw«^ ^.^dW CIVIL CERTIFICATE WHEREAS Robert Lowry (the bearer hereof) intends going to America, together with his wife, Mary, his sons, Robert,, James and Wil- liam, his daughter Jane and his son-in-law, George Hutton. NOW, we do hereby certify that we know the bearer, the above nam- ed Robert Lowry, as also some of his family; that they were born in this Parish and have lived therein ever since; that they are people of a fair unblemished character and as far as we know or can hear they were never in any wise concerned in any rebellion in this country, but have al- ways behaved themselves soberly, honestly and industriously, and as such we recommend them. Given under our hands at Killyleagh, in the County of Down, and Kingdom of Ireland, this 24th day of April, 1804, Strangford District. FRED'X HAMILTON. THE POLAND CENTER CHURCH with which so many of our family were connected, was organized in the summer of 1804 under the Rev. James Duncan. This church was orig- inally of the Associate (Seceder) Presbyterian denomination. Its found- ers were the sturdy Scotch-Irish settlers, including the Lowrys, Stewarts, Houstons, McConnells McNabs, Cowdens, McBrides, and also Struthers, McCombs, and Gibsons. The congregation was organized and its summer meetings were held in "God's own temple," the primeval "woods." In the winters they met at the pioneer homes of the members. A log meeting house was built in 1810 on the south road, opposite the graveyard, a short distance from the "Center." The services were held in this structure until 1826 when a brick building took its place, and this in turn was replaced in 1849 by the frame church which we all remember. The first minister was followed by Rev. Robert Douglas, and he by that great pastor. Rev. David Goodwillie, who spent his life. ministering to the people of Poland Center, Deer Creek and Liberty, preaching to them the plain and simple gospel of faith and righteousness, and helping to lay, deep and solid, the spiritual foundations of a great community. The Union of 1858 brought the Associate and the Associate Reform- ed churches together into the United Presbyterian church, after which Po- land Center (Associate) and Mahoning (Associate Reformed) were united in one pastoral charge. In 1884 Xhe Poland Center site was abandoned, the building reproduced at Struthers and given to serve for many years the new congregation and retained still as United Presbyterian. Ten THE LEIPSIC FAlVniiY ROBERT LOWRY the oldest son of ROBERT LOWRY and MARY JOHNSTONE, was born at Killyleagh, March thirteenth, 1776; came to this country in 1804 with his parents, and married, October thirteenth, 1813, Rebecca Stew- art, a sister of William Stewart of Coitsville. At the division of his father's estate in 1816, he obtained the west half of the Poland Center farm, on which the original dwelling house stood, and lived there until 183 6, when he sold this land, and in May, 1837, joined in the westward movement in which many families chang- ed their residence to northwestern Ohio, where this branch of the family established a new home, in Liberty Township, Putnam county, Ohio, and southwest of the present site of Leipsic. He and his wife joined the Associate Church of Poplar Ridge, Aug- ust fifth, 1837, by certificate from the Associate church of Poland Center. He was soon elected an elder in the congregation, an office he filled with faithful service until his death. As to appearance, he was large, tall and square-shouldered, full- faced and wore a full beard, was genial in disposition and popular with all. He enjoyed reading and is said to have been the best educated member of the family. A few months after the death of his wife, June ninth, 184 6, he went to live with iiis daughter, Mary Lowry (MoConnell), until his death, August twenty-seventh, 1848. He is buried in the McConnell cemetery three miles south-west of Leipsic. REBECCA STEWAHT was remotely descended from the Stewarts of Scotland and more imme- diately from a John Stewart who settled (1665) in County Down, from which his grandson Samuel emigrated (1735) to Lancaster County, Pa. The father of Rebecca w,as Roibert Stewart (1732-1811) the third son of Samiiel, and her mother was Sarah Stewart of Chester County, Pa. Robert Stewart and Sarah Stewart were married in 1765 and pur- chased lands on Marsh Creek near Gettysburg, Adams County, Pa., where Rebecca Stewart was born in 1786 or 1787, the youngest of ten children, and judging from her father's will seems to have been a favo.ed child. Her mother died when the girl was ten years of age. She re- mained in the home until her father's death, 1811, after which she came to Coitsville, where she met Robert Lowry, and on October thirteenth, they were married. Until May, 1837, she and her husband lived at Poland Center, moving from there to their new home in Putnam couTr- ty where she spent the remainder of her life, dying June ninth, 1846. She lies buried in the McConnell cemetery by the side of her husband. Those who knew her, rememiber her as a woman of remarkable activity, very bright and energetic; possessing a fine character and dis- position; loved by those of her own house and admired by a wide circle of friends. Eleven THE COITSVn^LE STEWARTS William Stewart, (17 65-1841), of Coitsville, whose family were closely related by marriage to so many members of our family, was the oldest of ten children of Rolbert and Sarah Stewart of Adams County, Pa. He married (1799) his cousin, iMary Stewart (1776-1851) 'of Dauphin County, Pa. About 1802 the six brothers settled in north- western Coitsville ,and south-western Hubbard townships, where their youngest sister, Rebecca, who married Robert "Lowry, joined them later, with her older sister, Sarah. William Stewart settled in Coitsville, and William Houston, Joseph Jackson and William Stewart were the first Board of Trustees of Coits- ville Township. This family were members of the Associate Church in Adams Coun- ty, and had heard Rev. David Goodwillie's father preach when they were young men. They were lamong the founders of the Liberty Church at Seceder Corners which was organized (1805) by the Rev. James Dun- can of Mahoning, William Stewart of Coitsville and James Davidson of Youngstown, being the first elders. William and Sarah Stewart had eight children, of whom the oldest, Sarah, ma.ried Johnstone Lowry of Poland Center; the third, Robert, married Jane Dowry of Lowellville, and the youngest, Margaret, married Robert Lowry, also of the Lowellville family. These marriages of the Lowrys and Stewarts are examples Of the inter-marriages among pioneer neighbors by which many of the later generations of our family have be- come related in several different ways. THE LEIPSTC LOWRYS This branch of the family came to Putnam County, (organized 1834) while it was yet in its infancy. They found a primeval forest, in the midst of which they established their home. The Indians were their neighbors and their friends. The soil was of the rich black variety v/hich has since brought fame to this section of Ohio because of its fer- tility. They cleared the land and tilled the soil, working with a per- severance and determination that gave their children an inheritance of broad acres. They soon identified themselves with the interests of Leipsic. Coming to this place while the children were yef young, the family grew into the very life of the community and here, in turn, established their homes; gave officers to church and county, and won for themselves places of leadership. Here these children of Robert and Rebecca Low- ry grew to maturity: R - I. Robert Johnson Lowry. R - III. Mary Johnson Lowry. R - II. James Lowry. R - IV. Sarah Jane Lowry. The original home farm has passed into the hands of strangers, and few of the des-cendants live in the vicinity. Merchants, farmers and somt of the professions are represented among later generations. In many states of the union we find their Homes preserving in the main the tra- ditions of a loyal Scotch-Irish ancestry. Twelve THE POPLAR RIDGE CHURCH w,as organized on the fourth Sabbath of October, 1836, by Rev. Samuel Wilson, Missionary of the Presbtery of Miami, who visited the settlement of Associate 'Church memibers. Among the charter members admitted were James Strain and family on certificate from the Poland Center Church land Nicholas McConnell and others from the Associate Congre- gation of Newton, Portage County, Ohio. On Saturday November fifth, 183 6, at the house of David Hostetter, was held an election of elders which resulted in the choice of Nicholas McConnell and James Strain who had been ordained in the congrega- tions from which they came. On the following day, at the house of Hugh Ramsey, these elders were installed, and the members agreed that this church should be the Associate Congregation of Poplar Ridge and a building of poplar logs was erected. On August fifth, 1837, at a meeting of the session, Rev. James Wallace, moderator pro tem, at the home of Nicholas McConnell, the following members, Robert Lowry, and his wife, Rebecca Lowry and their son, Robert J. Lowry, were received on certificate from Poland Center and the other members of the family united with this congrega- tion within the next two or three years, and many of the Putnam County Lowrys and their family connections have been officers, teachers and active members of this congregation. The location of the church was changed (185 6) from McConneirs Corners to Leipsic, and since the Union the organization (1858) has been the United Presbyterian Church of Leipsic. R — I. ROBERT JOHNSON LOWRY was born September tenth, 1816, at Poland Center. He married, De- cember twenty-sixth, 1838, Olive A. McConnell. During the early part of his life he was a farmer near LeipiSic land ran a store on his farm in connection therewith. In 1850 he moved to Leipsic opening a general store which he owned for several years. In 1861 he moved bis family to Urbana, Ohio, conducting a similar business there. He died at Ur- bana, April thirteenth, 1862, of rheumatism of the heart. His body was brought to Leipsic, and buried in the McConnell cemetery. R. J. Lowry was a man of large stature, standing six feet two inches, broad shouldered and well proportioned. Like his father he en- joyed reading and spent his spare time in this way. He was a lover of music and with Isaac McConnell his sister's husband led the singing in the old Associate Church at McConnell's corners and afterward at Leip- sic. He was sociable, hospitable and public-spirited. In politics he was a Repuiblican and filled for some eight or ten years the office of Justice of the Peace. He served the church as deacon for several years, and both he and his wife were members of the Leipsic United Presby- terian Church, and the members of his family, for fhe most part, still adhere to this faith. 'Cbirteen MARIA LOUISA LOWRY R — I — 2. was born September twenty-ninth, 1851, and began teaching school at the age of sixteen. She m,arrie(i, Miarch eleventh, 1869, Joseph Strain Emery of Carrol County, Ohio. She graduated (1884) from the Eclec- tic Medical College, Cincinnati, and practiced medicine at Leipsic until her death, August twenty-sixth, 1962. She was a member of the State and National Medical Associations. Her husband, (born December twenty-ninth, 1844) was graduated (1885) from the Ohio Dental College, Cincinnati, and practised dentis- try at Leipsic. He served (18 65) on the gunboat. Great Western, on the Mississippi. He was a member of the G. A. R. and Knights of *Py- thias. After the death of his wife he lived at Canton, Ohio, where he died May eighteenth, 1912. Both were members of the Leipsic United Presbyterian Church but transferred their membership to the Leipsic Methodist Episcopal Church and both are buried in the Sugar Ridge Cemetery at Leipsic. They had two daughters: R-l-2-a — Myrtle Eugenia Emery, attended Ohio Weslegan Univer- sity lat Delaware, and Oberlin College, Ohio. She resides at Canton, Ohio. R-l-2-b — Anna Mae Emery, a graduate in physical training at Oberlin, College, and of Eclectic Medical College, Cincinnati, is the wife of Dr. William A. White, President of the Big Four Clay Company, Can- ton, Ohio. Sixteen R — I — 3. CALVIN STEWART LOWRY ■was born September thirteenth, 18 54, at Leipsic, was married October eighteenth, 1877, to Addie Irwin of Grand Rapids, Ohio. He is in the hardware business at iMicClure, Henry County, Ohio, where he has served as village councilman and township treasurer. He and his wife are members of the United Presbyterian Church, and he is a rtiember of the Modern Woodmen of America, of which Lodge he has been clerk for nine years and one of the managers for thirteen years. Three children: R-I-3-a Gracie Lowry, born Dec. 27, 1879, at Leipsic, O., and deceased Feb. 2 3, 1881. R-I-3-b Alma Lowry, born March 11, 1882, at Leipsic, married Clyde Emory Wilcox Oct. 15, 1905, who is an extensive fiarmer and 'breeder of fancy stock They have one child: Marguerite Wilcox, born May 12, 1911, at Mc- Clure, Ohio. R-1-3-C Robert Earl Lowry. Jan. 21, 1921, he married Loraine Shepard, of Toledo, O. He is in the hardware business with his father, the firm bearing the name of C. S. Lowry and son. He is a memiber of the M. W. of A. and is a thirty-two degree Mason. He served in the larmy dur- ing the late war with Eighty Third Division from Sept. 17, 1917, to Feb. 16, 1919; saw ten months' service in the A. E. F. and reached the rank of corporal. Ssoenteen R — I — 4. MARY A. LOWRY, w,as born October sixth, 1857. She lived at Leipsic with her mother until the death of the latter in 1904. After her mother's death she lived first at Wichita, Kansas, and afterwards at Long Beach, Califor- nia. On December 13, 1916, she married Silas H. Mitchell of Leipsic, Ohio, but later of California. They are now living at Orosi, California, on a fruit farm. R — I — 5, ALFRED JOHNSON LOWRY, was born Feibruary twenty-sixth, 1860, and married September twentj* fifth, 1884, iMartha Lenhart, of Leipsic, daughter of Henry S. and Adaline (Bracht) Lenhart, a family of Dutch descent. He was in fhe drug business (1882-1897) at Leipsic; associated (1897-1907) with the Buck- eye Stave Company, cooperage manufacturers, at Romeo, Michigan; vice president (1907-1915) of the Lowry-Brownlee Co., lumber manufac- turers at Cisco, Murray County, Georgia, residing (1907-1912) at Car- tersville, Georgia, and removing (1913) to Deitroit, Michigan. He and his family are members of the First United Presibyterian Church of De- troit. lA Republican in politics, he was township treasurer for two terms at Ledpsic, a Democratic district. They have two daughters: R-I-5-a Ethel Lowry, a graduate of the Romeo, Michigan, High School and of Monmouth College, Illinois, (A. B.) also graduating from the Vocal Department of the Monmouth 'Conservatory of Music. R-I-5-b Reba Lowry, a graduate of the Cartersville, Georgia, High School, is a student in Monmouth (Illinois) College. Eighteen B — I — 6. JAMES WILLIS LOWRY was born November thirtieth, 1862, and married September twenty-fifth, 1884, Nellie Lenhart, of Leipsic. They are members of the United Presbyterian church, in which he has been an elder since 1889. He is a farmer at Leipsic, Ohio, has been master of the Grange, since 1908, and often called to serve as administrator of estates, guardian of chil- dren and in other positions of trust. They have two sons: R-I-6-a Robert Serge Lowry, a farmer, Ledpsic, Ohio, graduated at Leipsic High School, and attended Monmouth College, (Illi- nois,) for three years. He married Miary Elizabeth Ander- son of Monmouth, Illinois, a graduate in music of Mon- mouth College. R-l-6-b Henry Forest Lowry, High School student, Leipsic, Ohio. Nineteen i R — n. JAMUS LOWRY, the second son of Robert and Reibecca (Stewart) Lowry, was born April nineteenth, 1818, at Poland Center, and moved with his parents to Put- nam County in 1837. He spent the early part of his life on the farm, and later moved to Leipsic where he lived until 1861. He was married April fourteenth, 1848, to Jane McKelvy. He spent some time in Illinois in 1856 or 1857. Later he return- ed home and there lived until the beginning of the war between the states, at which time he enlisted. His war record is as follows: James Lowry was mustered in August twenty-sixth, 1861, at Camp Noble, Tiffin, Ohio, 49th Reg. O. V. I., Co. "I", and was engaged in the following battles: Shiloh, Tennessee- Cor- inth, Mississippi; Lawrenceburg, Stone River, Liberty Gap, Tennessee; Chickamauga, Georgia. Was captured al Chikamauga, September twen- tieth, 18 63, while on field hospital duty and taken to Andersonville Pris- on where he died May first, 1864. R — ni. MART JOfHNSON LOWRY, daughter of Robert and Rebecca (Stewart) Lowry, was born at Poland Center, April seventh, 1820. On Decemiber twenty-fifth, 1839, she was united in marriage to Isaac McConnell, who had come to Putnam Coun- ty with his father, Nicholas McOonnell, from Portage County, Ohio, in 1836. Isaac MoConnell was born November twentieth, 1817, and died November third, 1857. Mary Johnson Lowry before leaving Poland Center had, at the age of fifteen, united with the Associate Church under the pastorate of the Rev. David Goodwillie, and she with her husiband became charter mem- bers of the Poplar Ridge Church. They with their children were sel- dom missed from their pew in the old church which stood on the corner adjoining the "McConnell Cemetery." In the house of worship she and her husband were active workers and she rendered faithful service in family, church and Sabbath school for many years, and was honored by the respect and love of the community. After the death of her hus- band she remained on the McConnell farm until the children were grown and married. She then moved (1877) to Leipsic where she lived until 1904, when she went to live in the home of her teon, W. J. McConnell. where she died January twentieth, 1909. Her remains were brought back to Leipsic, and her body laid to rest within sight of her old home, In the McOonnell cemetery, where her husiband had lain for fifty-two years. Six children were born to them of whom the first, Ruth Elmina, and the fourth, Elmina Ruth, died in childhood 'CKenti R III 1. REBECCA ANNE McCONNELL was born January tenth, 1843, and died June nineteenth. 1857. She married, first, October tenth, 1863, Hiram L. Reed, son of Safford and Elnore Reed formerly of near Warren, Trumbull County, Ohio, who was also of the early settlers in Putnam Ooiunty, Hiram Reed enlisted as a Soldier of the "Civil War" August twenty-third, 18 61, in Company "I" 'f9th Reg. O. V. I.; was engaged in several battles and was discharged in 1863 being disabled from a wound received at the battle of Stone River. He died Miarch 18 69. He belonged to the Masonic order. Rebecca Anne was married, second, to Henry S. Lenhart Septem- ber twenty-eighth, 1871. She had no children of tier own, but, judg- ing from the respect, affection and kindness shown her by her seven step-children, her life was not spent in vain. She was a member of the United Presbyterian Church at Leipsic and lies buried in the Mc- Connell Cemetery. R — III — 2. LYDIA JANE McCONNELL was born February twenty-seventh, 1845, and married May twenty-first, 1868, Thomas J. Miller of Putnam County. During their early married life Mr. Miller was a farmer in summer and school teacher in winter, and later in life has ibeen a lecturer at farmers' institutes and a real estate dealer. They have spent the greater part of their life in Ohio, living some six years in Michigan, and are now living in Bowling Green, Ohio. Both Mr. and Mrs. Miller are active members in the Presbyterian church. Three children were born to them, Charles Eugene (1870), George Al'bert (1872) and Isaac LeRoy (1874) all of whom died in early infancy. 'Cwent])-ont R _ III _ 3. SARAH OLI\^ 3fcCONNEL,Ii was born October ninth, 1853, and married October twenty-first, 1875, William A. Bell, who was born May twenty-ninth, 1852. The early part of their married life was spent on a farm, but later they moved to Leipsie where she died March twenty-ninth, 189 6, and was buried in the Sugar Ridge Cemetery. Both she and her husband were active members of the United Presbyterian Church. Mr. Bell is now in the real estate and insurance business at Leipsie, Ohio. To them three children were born: R-III-3-a Effa Bell, wife of W. R. Lewis, telegraph operator, Leipsie, Ohio. R-III-3-b William Clayton Bell, Leipsie, Ohio, is a conductor on the N. Y. C. .and St. L. Ry. and married Nina Belle Poltz. R-111-3-C Fred Mark Bell, Leipsie, Ohio. 'CwtntD-tvo R — III — 4. WILLIAM JOHNSON McCONNELL was born October fifth, 1855, and married March eighth, 1877, Louisa E, Hollabaugh of Putnam county. He has been a farmer all his life having lived in Putnam County until 1888, in which year he moved to Ligonier, Noble County, Indiana, where he lived for several yeiars when he moved to Columbia City, Indiana, his present residence. He has served for the past eight years on the Advisory Board. Both he and his wife belong to the Christian church. They have five children. R-III-4-a Bertha L. McConnell, wife of V. W. King, farmer, Col- umbia City, Indiana. R-III-4-b Isaac W. McConnell, farmer, Churubusco, Indiana, is also a Director of the Farmers' Bank of Churubusco. He married Oma Diffendafer. R-III-4-C George F. McConnell, Churubusco, Indiana, married Lilah M. Peno. R-III-4-d Mary C. McConnell, wife of Sidney E. Ort, merchant Churubusco, Indiana. R-lll-4-e Ross A. McConnell, a student in Churubusco High School 'Cwenty-three R — IV. SARAH JANE LOWRY was born at Poland Center, Decennber twenty-third, 1821, and married Raliegli Peckinpaugh, ,a farmer in Putnam County on December twenty- seventh, 1843. She lived on their farm south-west of Deipsic until the spring of 1872 when she moved to Brown County, Kansas, and there died April fifteenth, 18 88. She is buried in the Hiawatha Cemetery, Hiawatha, Kansas. She united with the Poplar Ridge Associate Church July thirty-first, 1840, and was a member of that church until the union and afterwards of the United Presbyterian Church, Raliegh Peckinpaugh, son of Adam Peckinpaugh, was born April twelfth, 1811, near Wooster, Ohio. He came to Putnam county early in life and died September twelfth, 1859. They had six children: R IV 1. ROBERT JOHN PECKINPAUGH was born May fourth, 184 5. He married Samantha Edgcomb, Septem- ber twenty-third, 18 67, in Putnam County land moved (18 68) to Brown County, Kansas. He spent several years there on his farm and then moved to Hiawatha, the county seat of Brown County, where they are now living. They have five children: R-IV-l-a Coria Jane Peckinpaugh, wife of John M. Veach, farmer, Ottawa, Kansas. R-IV-l-b Emma May Peckinpaugh, a graduate of Hiawatha Acade- my, married Carlton Berry, farmer and stockman, Wash- ington, Kansas. R-IV-l-c Humphrey R. Peckinpaugh, farmer, Hiawatha, Kansas, married Lillian Phinney. R-IV-l-d Grace E. Peckinpaugh, a graduate of the Hiawatha High School, married Newton Reynolds, Contractor, Hiawa« tha, Kans,as. R-IV-l-e Bertha iBlanche Peckinpaugh, a graduate of the Hiawatha High School, marled LeRoy Howard, farmer, Hiawatha, Kansas. 'Cwenty-four B — IV — 2. ALBERT STEWART PECKINPAUGH was born August twenty-second. 1848, and married March 1874, Maggie Samuel. They had one son. Homer Peckiupaugh, who died when about two years old. His first wife died in 1881, and "he married again in 1885 Emma Beriy oif Macomb, Illinois. He resides in Chicago, Illi- nois, is a city salesman and a member of the Masonic order. They have no children. R — IV — 3. JAMES EDWARD PECKINPAUGH was born October second, 1861, at Leipsic and married, February twelfth, 1874, Eva Sherrard of Leipsic. He was a farmer for several years but Is. BOW living in Leipsic where he has held several township and village offices and is a miember of the County Pair Board. He is an Odd Fel- low, and he and his wife are Methodists. They have four children: R-IV-3-a Charles W. Peckinpaugh, farmer, Leipsic, Ohio, is a grad- uate of the Leipsic High School and married Effie M. Campbell. R-IV-3-b Myrtle B. Peckinpaugh, a graduate of Leipsic High School married G. W. Baughman, pharmacist, Gilboa, Ohio. R-IV-3-C Edward L. Peckinpaugh, a graduate of Leipsic High School was a pharmacist for several years but is now a farmer at Leipsic. He married Etta Darling. R-IV-4-d Chester ,M. Peckinpaugh, a graduate of the Indi,ana Tri. State Normal College, Department of Pharmacy, married Bertha K. Bell, and is a pharmacist at Bedford, Indiana. "Cwentt-fice R _ IV — 4. MARY MELISSA PECKINPAUGH was born July nineteenth. 1853, at Leipsic, Ohio, She taught school at the age of sixteen and moved with her mother to Brown County, Kan- sas, in 1872, where she married. March fourteenth, 1872, Samuel M. Price of Falls City, Neb. She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and now lives at Santa Barbara, California. Her husband, Samuel M. Price, was born (1840) in Essex, New Jersey. He moved with his parents to Illinois and taught school. Enlisted (18 61) in Co. "F" 14th Reg. 111. Vol. Inf.; wounded at Shiloh, honorably discharged. He was graduated L. L. B. (1866) from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor and practiced law in Illinois, Missouri and Nebraska; moved (1883) to Santa Barbara; elected district attorney and afterwards po- lice judge in which office he was serving at the time of his death (19 01). He was in early life a Methodist tout later a Roman Catholic. Their children are: R-IV-4-a Joseph J. Price, lawyer, Santa Barbara, California, was elected police judge at his father's death and held office until his death (1908) R-IV-4-b Edith Price, wife of John W. Barnes, Santa Biarbara, California. R-IV-4-C Grace Manning Price, wife of Dwight Murphy of the P. H. Murphy Company, Pittsburg, Pa. R-IV-4-d Francis Price, Santa Barbara, California, a graduate (A. B.) of Stanford University, California, and (D. J.) of its law department. Vwniu-tix R — IV — 5 REBECCA ELIZABETH PECKINPAUGH was born July twenty-third, 1855, and moved (1872) with her mother to Brown County Kansias. She married Isaac Dilley, December tenth, 1873, a pharmacist and farmer, who was born in Richland County, Ohio, December twenty-sixth, 1845 and died May sixteenth, 1911. He enlist- ed, (1863) a corporal in Co, "H" 130th Reg. Ind. Vol. and was discharg- ed in 1865. He was a member of the G. A. R., and both were members 'Of the Christian Church. They have five children: R-IV-5-a Stella Cora Dilley, a graduate of the Hiawatha College, mar- ried Lloyd C. Miller, hardware salesman, San Francisco, California. R-IV-5-b Lulu S. Dilley, a graduate of the Hiawatha College married Ranee D. Hammond, automobile salesman, San Diego, Cal. R-IV-5-C Emma Alberta Dilley, a graduate of Hiawatha High School, married Curtis Finley, druggist, Hiawatha, Kansas. R-IV-5-d Benjamin Harrison Dilley, San Diego, California. R-IV-5-e Ralph B. Dilley, San Diego, California. *Ctfen(y-aeoen R — IV — 6. ISAAC JAMES PECKINPAUGH was born April eighteenth, 1858, and moved wi/h his mother to Kans,as in 1872. He married Susan A. Sickles of Savannah, Missouri, on Jan- uary tenth, 1881. He was in the insurance and real estate business lat Ottawa, Kansas, but at length removed to Greeley, Colorado, and engaged in stock raising. At present he is living ,at Lyons, Kansas. He and his wife are members of the Christian Church. They have five children. R-IV-6-a Mattie Pearl Peckinpaugh, a graduate of Ottawa High School, married Orville Cully, who is cashier of Saxman State Bank, Saxman, Kansas, and they have one child; Clar- ence Henry Cully, born April 2 6, 1915. R-IV-6-b Everett I. Peckinpaugh, shoe merchant. Falls City, Nebras- ka, a graduate of Ottawa High School, married Florence Wylie, Falls City. He was in the recent war service. They have one child: Robert Johnson Peckinpaugh, born April 27, 1920. R-IV-6-C Earl R. Peckinpaugh, a graduate of Ottawa High School, is proprietor of Peckinpaugh Tire and Rubber Co., Lyons, Kansas. He was in the recent war service and was dis- charged after declaration of Ihe armistice. Jan. 31, 1920, he married Helen Brown, who was born Sept. 15, 1900, at. Pretty Prairie, Kansas, daughter of Albert and Sarah Fran- ces Brown, originally of Illinois. R-IV-6-d Edgar A. Peckinpaugh, graduate of Ottawa High School, married October 9, 1920, Ardis Vasooncells, who was born June 21, 1901, at Lyons, Kansas, of parents originally of Jacksonville, 111. Edgar is with the Peckinpaugh compa- ny of Lyons. R-IV-6-e Geneva Hazel Peckinpaugh, graduate of Greeley High School, Colorado. She was married July 31, 1919, to Robert E. Wade, who was born Aug. 24, 1895. They live at Ruskin, Nebraska, and their occupation is farming. Mr. Wade was in the world war service. He enlisted at first call and stayed in France till July 192 0. '^ w*ntv-sis^-t THE POLAND CENTER FAMILY. JOHNSTONE LO^VTRY JOHNSTONE LOW'RY, the fourth child of ROBERT LOWRY and MARY JOHNSTONE, was born September tenth, 1781, in Ireland. He came to this country some time prior to ithe others of the fam- ily and located the farm at Poland Center. His selection for this duty shows that the family had confidence in his good judgment. On Decemiber twenty-fifth, 1817, he was married to SARAH STEWART. He was a farmer, and resided all his life on the east ihialf of the original farm at Poland Center. He served for six months during the War of 1812 and was stationed at Fort Meigs. He was a member of the Poland Center Church, and on March thirty-first, 18 34, was chosen as elder of that congregation, in which office he served until his deiath. He had a good common school education and was a good singer. He was six feet in height, and weighed one hundred and ninety pounds, and was a social, friendly mian, thrifty and clear headed. He died May first, 1841 of typhoid fever, the first case known in this part of the country, and is buried at Poland Center. SARAH STEWART the wife of JOHNSTONE LOWRY, was born in Adams County, Pa., March twenty-eighth, 1800. She was the daughter of William Stewart (1765-1841) of Coitsville and was the eldest of eight children. She was married on Christmas Day, 1817, to JOHNSTONE LOWRY, by William Houston, a Justice of the Peace, and thus became a sister-in- law of her launt Rebecca Stewart Lowry, She .passed her married life and widowhood at Poland Center where she died of paralysis on March twenty-fifth, 1872, and is buried at Poland Center, of which church she also was a member. She is remembered as a pleasant, kindly an"d friendly woman. 'CwtniD-nine THE POLAND CENTER LOWRYS. JOHNSTONE LOWRY and SARAH STEWART had nine children of whom the second, Robert Stewart L-owry; the third, Margaret Ann Lowry; the sixth, Samuel Lowry; and the seventh, Thomas Johnson Lowry, died in childhood, and the youngest, Margaret Ann Lowry, second, (1839-1876) died unmarried. The four surviving children were: J. I. Miary Lowry. J. II. William Stewart Lowry. J. III. Martha Jane Lowry. J. IV. Robert Lowry. This family continued to occupy the east one hundred acres of the original Ro,bert Lowry farm. Here the surviving children grew to man- hood and womanhood, received their education at the Poland Center School on the north-east corner of the Center and attended the old Po- land 'Center Church a few rods down the south road. In 1859 the two sons bought the interest of their sisters in their father's homestead farm which they divided equally. Rohert Lowry received the west fifty acres and William S. Lowry received the east fifty acres, which descended in his family until 1885 when it was sold. By this sale the last oif the ori- ginal homestead farm passed from the Lowry family and the younger generation of the Poland Center Family were dispersed to seek new homes and try their fortunes in other places, many of them in f,ar distant states and one, at least, to spend his life in a foreign country. Thirty J — I. MARY LOAVRY the oldest child of JOHNSTONE LOWRY and SARAH STEWART, was born June fifiteenth, 1821, at Poland Center and Wjas married October fourteenth, 1849, to iSamuel Finney (1813-1876) aTH. Robert Smith was one of the original pioneers of Poland Township. He came from Franklin County, Penna., in 1802, settled on 400 acres of land along the Southern line of Poland Township. In addition to farming he operated a saw-mill and a distillery. He was a staunch democrat, township trustee, and an elder in the Poland Presbyterian Church, he was a typical pioneer, sober, virtuous and industrious. He married Keziah Stewart, daughter of James Stewart. They had 10 children, 6 boys and 4 girls. The names of the boys were James, Robert, John, Stewart, Joseph and Samuel. The names of the girls were Margaret, Martha, Elizabeth and Keziah. Robert Smith died in 18 35 at the age of 70 years. His wife" Keziah died in 1847 at the age of 69 years. The oldest son, James Smith, was born January 28th, 1800, Wias married to Elizabeth Dobbins, August 2 6th, 182 6, and died March 21st, 1870. They had five children, Keziah, Hillis, Elizabeth Ann, Mary Jane and Miartha. ELIZABETH ANN SMITH was born 'March 15, 1838, on the pioneer Smith farm. About 1841 her father bought from Robert Lowry what is now known as the Cavett farm. About 185 3 he removed to Allen county, Ohio. Though his father and brothers were Democrats he was one of the first Republicans in the country. They were all members of the Presbyterian church. Elizabeth Ann Smith Lowry and her children continued to live at Poland Center till in 18 85 when she removed to East Palestine and made her .home with her son, Samuel J. There she died Feb. 23, 1912. She was a member of the United Presbyterian church and was diligent in the missionary society. She is recalled as a handsome woman, who reared her children wisely and managed her affairs intelligently, and her memory is hallowed. She and her husband had five children. 'Uhiriv-Eii.h J — II — 1. ALBERT SMITH LOWRY Albert Smith Lowry was born at Poland Center, Ohio, December Eleventh, 1855, and died at Coffeyville, Kans,as, June Sixteenth, 1920, after an illness of eighteen months. He moved to Kansas in 1879 and was married on May Fourth, 1882, to Anna E. Tressler of Americus, Kansas. He Wias a member of the firm of Tressler and Lowry — general merchants — ^of Americus (1881-1901). He then moved to Coffeyville, Kansas, and was secretary and treasurer of The Maxwell-Lowry Mercan- tile Company (1901-1907), then engaged in the grocery business for himself for several years and for two years before his illness was a traveling salesman for the Kansas Wholesale Grocery Co. of Coffeyville. He was a member of the Masonic Order and the Ancient Order United Workmen. All of his family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Cihurch. They h,ave four children: — J-II-l-a Frances May Lowry, born November 11, 1883, is a graduate of the Americas High School and was married to Clyde E. Butcher of Coffeyville, Kansas. They now live at Caney, Kansas. J-II-l-b Bessie Kell Lowry, born August second, 1888, graduated (19 07) from the Coffeyville High School, was married to George Milton Gamble of Coffeyville, Kansas, and is now living at Pittsburg, Kansas. J-II-l-c Harry Hillis Lowry, born March fifth, 1^94, graduated from the Coffeyville High School (1912) and from the Kan- sas City Dental College (1917). Sliortly after receiving his license to pracOce he entered the W;ar service as 1st Lieutenant in the Dental Corps and served eleven months in France attached to the 55th Infantry of the 7th Divis- ion. He was discharged from the service Junta 28th (1919) and is practicing dentistry in Coffeytille. He married Ruth M. Fulkerson of Coffeyville, Kansas. J-II-l-d William Tressler Lowry, born October twenty-eighth, 1900. Attended the Coffeyville High School for three years, and is now in the grocery business with Baker & Brant, at Coffeyville. "ChirtDnin* J -— II — 2. SA^TUEL JOHNSTON LOWRY was born January seventeenth, 1858, and went into business at East Palestine, Columbiana County, Ohio, in 1883. He was at first a dry goods merchant but is now a funeral director and furniture dealer. He married July thirteenth, 1887, Maud A. Chamberlain, daughter of John T. and Nora Chamberlain of East Palestine. He is a member of Palestine Lodge F. & A. M., Lisbon Chapter R. A. M. and Salem Oom- mandry. Knights Templars, and is a member of the Presbyterian Church as are all his family. They have two children: J-II-2-a Jay Taggart Lowry, born October twenty-third, 1888, a graduate of the East Palestine High School, attended Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio, for two years and is now in business with his father, and married Aug. 14, 1912 Martha J. McMillin, E. Palestine, O. He is a member of East Palestine Lodge F. & A. M, East Palestine' Chapter R. A. M. and East Palestine Council R. & S. M. They have two children: Louise Elizabeth Lowry, born July fifth 1913. Martha Jane Lowry, born June eighteenth, 1915. J-II-2-b Florence Elizabeth Lowry, born July twelfth, 1894, a grad- uate of East Palestine High School and of the Beechwood College, Philadelphia, May 1918. She also spent two years in Wooster College, Ohio. Porta J — II __ 3. JAMES WILFRED LOWRY was born July fourth, 18 60, and married October twenty-eighth, 18 85 Louisa A. Swentzell of Wichita, Kansas. He was a druggist in business at Sterling, Kansas, .and afterwards at Joplin, Missouri. He was killed, January fifteenth, 18 99, in a railroad accident at Carl Junction, Missouri. The present family residence is Riverside, Wichita, Kansas. He w,as and all his family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he was a member of the Masonic Order and of the Odd Fellows. There are four children: J-II-3-a William Stewart Lowry, born Aug. 188 7, drug sales- man, Wichita, Kansas, member of the Masonic Order and of the the United Commercial Travelers. Married Helen E. Hunt, August twenty-first, 1915. There is one child, Margaret Louise, born September 2 5, 1916. J-II-3-b Floyd Leamon Lowry, born August 2 6, 1889, Cathay, Cialifornia, is a ranchman in that section of the country, and a member of the Masonic Order. Married Grace Woods, December 8, 1915. J-II-3-C Sarah Helen Lowry, born February 5, 1892, Wichita, Kansas, a graduate of the Wichita High School, is a stenographer for Internal Revenue Department. J-II-3-d Mary Louise Lowry, born March 31, 1895, a graduate of Wichita High School and of Friends University, is an instructor of history in high school. Forti-one J — II — 4. ELIMER HILMS LOWRY, EDMiER HILLIS LOWRY was born at Poland Center, Ohio, April 2nd 18 62. He moved to Kansas in 1885 and for ,a number of years traveled for a cracker company in Kansas City. At the present time he is engaged in the hotel business. All members lof his family belong to the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a member of the Masonic li'ra- ternity. Modern Woodmen of America and the United Commercial Travel- ers. On December 19, 1891, he was married to Charlotte Hinkson Neal. His address is Haddon Hall, Kansas City, Mo. They have two children: J-ll-4-a iFloyd Hinkson was born February 20th, 1897. Died at Fort Scott, Kansas 1905. J-ll-4-b. Mary Elizabeth was born September 12, 1900. She is a student at Kansas University, Lawrence, Kansas. Fortv-lwo J — II — 5. MARY ELIZABETH LOWRY was born October twenty-fifth, 1864, and was graduated from tlie Poland Union Seminary. She married November sixteenth, 1888, J,ames Kay Davis, son of James and Mary Davis off East Palestine, Ohio. They have resided at East Palestine, Ohio, ,and Rochester, Pennsylvania, her hus- band being then in the operating department of the Pennsylvania Com- pany. Their present residence is Pittsburg, Pa. Her husband is now president of the John K. Davis Company in the insurance business. During the Great War he was a member of Co. A, B. R. M. This fami- ly are members of the East Liberty Presbyterian Church. Mrs. Davis is a member also of the Travelers Club ;and the Ladies Auxilliary of As- calon Oommandry, Knights Templars, and of the Daughters of the Am- erican Revolution. Her husband is a member of fhe Young Men's Chris- tian Association; the Masonic Fraternity; fhe Pittsburg Athletic Club; the American Club; the Pittsburg Press Club; the Pittsburg Aquatic Club; the West Penn Canoe Club and the Stanton Heights Golf €lub. They have two daughteirs : J-II-5-a Bertha Elizabeth Davis was born October 16th, 18'89. She is a graduate of Allegheny High School, was cashier for the John K. Davis insurance company, a member of Qua- ker City Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution, The Order of the Eastern Star, The Travelers Club and the Yo'ung Women's Christian Association. Was married May 27th 1918 to Elmer E. Hobbs of Miami, Flor- ida. He is a graduate of the Carnegie Lnstitute of Tech- nology, 1916, and served in the U. S. Navy during the great war as fuel oil testing engineer, located lat League Island Navy Yard, Philadelphia, Penna. He is a mem- ber of the Woodlawn Club, The American Society, Mechan- ical Engineers and other Orders. They have one child, John Clyde, born April 17, 1920 at Miami, Florida. Forts-thre* J-ll-5-b. Margaret Eula Davis was born May 30th, 189 6. She was gradu,ateid from the University of Pittsburg in 1918; was engaged ,as the soprano member of a compjany that gave iConcert programs throughout Pennsylvania; a member of the Kappa Kappa Gamma National Fraternity; of the Men- delsohn choir of Pittsiburg and of the Travelers' club. She taught Latin and Mathematics in the Pittsburg Schenly high school. Was married September 3rd, 1918, to Earl R. Loomis of Ravenna, Ohio, an ensign in the U. S. Navy during the Great War. He graduated from the Universi- ty of Michigan in the School of Architecture; a member of the Delta Tau Delta National iFraternity. After the Great Wiar he 'became a member of the insurance firm af John K. Davis Co., in Pittsburg, Forty-fvuT J — III. MARTHA JANE LOWT^Y the third surviving child of Johnson and Sarah Lowry, was born Novem- ber twenty-nfth, 1830, and was married May fourth, 1854, to James Mc- Nab, ;a farmer, of Poland, Ohio, at which place she resided all her life. She joined the Poland Center Church in 1847 but afterwards united with the Poland Presbyterian Church, of which her husiband was an elder. She died of paralysis February seventeenth, 1889. James McNab was born December twenty-fourth, 18 30 at Pol,and and died September twen- ty-sixth, 1910. They are buried in the Poland Riverside Cemetery. They had five children of whom the second, Edward Johnson Mc- Nab, was born Sept. 16, 1857 and died Dec. 4, 1868. THE McNAB FAMH^Y is another of the early families with two branches of whom the Lowrys have frequently intermarried. The McNabs were of pure Scotch stock and originally came from Perthshire, Scotland. James McNab, the first, married (179 3) Mary Latimer, probably in Washington County, Pa. They located about 1801 on land just east of what is now Poland Village and a part of this land is still occupied by some of his descendants. His son, James McNab, the second, married first Sarah Gilkeson (1828); second, Katherine Anderson, (1845) ;third, Mary Johnson Lowry, of the Lowellville family. James McNab, the third, son of Sarah Gilkeson, married Martha Jane Lowry of the Poland Cen- ter family and Robert Lowry of Poland Center married Kate McNab, daughter of Katherine Anderson. James McNab, the first, had a daughter, Catherine, who married Patrick MacNab, of Lowellville, who although of the, same name was not related. They had a son, Robert MacNab, who settled at Pulaski, Pa. John W. MacNab, son of Robert MacNab of Pulaski, married Theoressa Lowry of the Lowellville family, and his brother James C. McNab mar- ried Sallie, widow of Smith Lowry, who was also of the Lowellville fam- ily. James McNab, the first, had thirteen children, ten of whom grew to maturity and by marriage were related also to the Ralstons, Logans, Wallaces, and other pioneer families. Fortv-fiot J — III — 1. Ali^^AN JAMES McNAB was born February thirteenth, 1856. He attended the Poland Seminary and married Flora A. Cleland of Poland, January fourteenth, 188 6. They lived for two years in iSpear<3ville, Kansas, where he was engaged in building contracting. They went to Colorado Springs where his wife died September third. 1890. After his wife's death he returned to Po- land, where h& died March iourth. 189 7. Both of them were members of the Poland Presbyterian Church, and both are buried in the Riverside Cemetery at Poland. They had no children. J — in — 2. ELIZABETH McNAB was born April eleventh, 18 60. She attended the Poland Seminary and taught in the public schools of Poland and Youngstown for sixteen years, when she married, June nineteenth, 1895, James Rankin Stewart, a farm- er of Poland, Ohio, son of Alexander and Mary (Hammond) Stewart. She was a memher of the Poland Presbyterian Church land was always active in all church work and in the Sabbath school and Missionary so- cieties. She died May thirteenth, 1897, and is buried in the Riverside Cemetery. She left one son: J-III-2-a James Alex,andeT Stewart, born May 4, 1897, who is in the dairy business on iiis father's farm at Poland. He was married Oct. 11, 1920, to Mabel Mae Snyder, born March 13, 1897, daughter of John T. and Susan (Mellott) Snyder, Bedford Co., Pa. F-Qiti-s, R — m .— 3. ROBERT LOWRY McNAB was born December tenth, 18 63, and was educated at the Poland Semi- n,ary. He located at Ben Lomond, California, where he was eaigaged in the I'umber business. He married July twenty-ninth, 1890, Ida L. Young, of Colton, California. She Wias born in Lockport, N. Y., Dec. 18, 18 65, daughter of Dr. and Mrs. W. S. Young. Both were members of the Presbyterian Church. He died February sixth, 1908, and is buried at Santa Cruz, California. They h,ad five children. J-III-3-a Robert James McNab, born in Boulder Creek, Calif., Sept. 1, 1891. He was graduated from Boulder Creek High School and took one year at the University of California. Jun'e 29, 1918, he married Eunyce Lucille Johnston who was born April 28, 1898, at Sault St. Marie, 'Michigan, and died Jan. 12, 1919. Robert is automobile dealer in Pas- adena, Calif. There is one child: Baby Jack McNab, born Jan. 10, 1919. "Some husky fellow." J-ni-3-b Ruth Elinor McNab, born May 18. 1893, at Boulder Creek. She is a domestic science specialist. J-III-3-C Martha Maud McNab born Dec. 27, 1894, ,at Boulder Creek. She is chief operator of telephone company at Pasadena. J-in-3-d Walter Johnston McNab, born March 4, 1898, at Ben Lomond, Calif. He married Delphine Coopman, San Francisco. He was real estate operator in Aerial Service during the war and was stationed ^at Riverside, Calif. J-ni-3-e James Edward McNab, born Dec. 13, 1900, at Ben Lo- mond. Married Elsie Reinmen, Pasadena, Cal., April 7, 1921, who was born May 17, 1902, in Pittsburg, P,a. James is a baseball player with Vancouver of tTie North- western league. torty-aeven J — . ni — 4. MARY ETTA McNAB was born April third, 1872. She was graduiated (1890) from the Po^ land Higih School and taught for three years. On June nineteenth, 1895, she was married to John H. Cook of Poland, Ohio, who was born March 21, 1869, eldest son of William and Agnes (Reed) Cook. He is a lumber dealer and farmer. They are both members of the Poland Presbyterian Church, and reside on the McNab homestead, Poland, Ohio. They have eight children, all born the fourth generation on the same farm: J-III-4-a ElizaJbeth Jeanette Cook, born June 30, 189 6, graduated from Poland high school June 1914, Dec. 29, 1915, mar- ried to W. B, Metz (widower) who had two children: An- na Leona Metz, born Feb. 21, 1908 Harold, born Aug. 9, 1910. Webster IB. and Elizabeth J. Metz have two children: Helen Esther Metz, born Oct. 24, 1916 Mabel Elizabeth Metz, born Oct. 8, 1918. J-III-4-b Martha A. Cook, born February 24, 1899, graduated from Rayen School, Youngstown, June 1916, and (A, B.) from Westminster College, New Wilmington, Pa. June 9, 1920. J-III-4-0 Florence Mae Cook, born Oct. 7, 19 Oa, graduated from Rayen School, June 10, 1920, now a student in Westmin- ster College. J-ni-4-d James Boyd and William Loyd Cook, twins, born Nov. 8, 1903. Now seniors in Rayen School . J-ni-4-e Carl McNabb Cook, May 17, 1908. J-III-4-f Emma Louise and Mary Lois Cook, twins, born Sept. 30, 1912. Fortn-siehi J — IV. ROBERT LOWRY the youngest surviving child of Johnstone and Sarah Lowry, was born, November eighth, 1836 at Poland Center and lived at home until the opening of the Civil War, when he enlisted September twenty-second, 1862, in Co. F, 41st Reg. O. V. I. and served thirty-three mion'ths under Generals Rosecr,ans and Sherman. He was engaged in the great battles of Shiloh, Stone River, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, Resaqa, Dallas, Kennesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Franklin and Nashville, besides a great many lesser battles and skirmishes. His hearing was injured by the concussion of a shell. After the war he married Kate McNab, of Poland, February fif- teenth, 18 66, and then lived and owned a farm on the south-west corner of Poland Center, u»til 1879, when they moved to Sterling, Kansas, where he purchased a farm. He was a Republican in politics, and was Justice of the Peace at Sterling. He united with the Poland Center Church in 1866 and was an elder in the United Presbyterian Church at Sterling. He was a leader of the choir in Poland Oe'nter Church and was also a member of the fa- mous Poland Glee Club. He died November twenty-seventh, 1911, at Red Wood, California. KATE McNAB wife of Robert Lowry, was the daughter of James McNab, second, and Katherine Anderson (McNab). She was born September twenty-third, 1848. Se was a member of the Poland Center Church and of the Unit- ed Presbyterian Church at Sterling Kansas. Since the death of her husband (1911) she has made her home with her daughter, Lois Turkle, at Lawton, Oklahoma, where she is still living, the sole survivor of her generation in our family. Robert and Kate Lowry had seven children: Forti-nln* J — IV — 1. CHARLES ANDERSON LOWRY was born Fabruary twenty-fourth, 1867, and moved with his parents to Sterling, Kansas in 1879, where he remained until 1893, when, at the opening of the Cherokee strip, he located a farm at Helena, Oklahoma, where he now resides. He was married November third 1897, to Lil- lian G. Bonham, of Anthony, Kansas. He and his family are members of the First Baptist Church of Helena, and he is a memher of Helena Lodge Knights of Pythias, and is serving his eighth year as a member of the school boiard. They have two daughters and one son: J-IV-l-a Bessie Manilla Lowry, a senior in the Oonnell State School of Agriculture, Helena, Oklahoma. J-IV-l-b Magdalena Catherine Lowry, a junior In the Connell State School of Agriculture, Helena, Oklahoma. J-IV-l-c Kenneth Charles Lowry, Helena, OklaTioma. f//ft) J — lY^ — 2. FRANK JOHNSON LOWRY was born December twenty-first, 1868, and went with his parents to Sterling, Kansas, in 1879, where he lived until 1893, when at the opening of the Cherokee strip, he also located a farm at Helena, Okla- homa, on which he still lives. He is not married and his sister, Ruth Ijowry Burgess, makete her home with him. J — IV — 3. ftllNNIE EMMA LOWRY was born Nov. 16, 1870, and was a teacher in the public schools of Kan- sas. In 1899 she went to California and again engaged in school teach- ing. June 2 7, 1912, she was married at Stockton, Calif., to Harvey Archer Kincaid, attorney. Redwood City, where they reside. J — IV — 4. MAUD R. LOWRY was born April 25, 1874, at Poland Center and was married to Herman Mootz, Wichita, Kansas, Sept. 29, 1898. In 1890 they moved to Oak- land, Calif., where Mr. Mootz was engaged in the real estate business. More recently residence was transferred to Redwood, Calif. Fifts-o J — IV — 5. RUTH liOWRY was born August eighth, 1879, and married September twelfth, 1896, Fred Burgess, son of Henry and Jennie Burgess, of Sterling, Kansas, and resided there until his death., October fifth, 19 09. She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Her husband was manager of the packing department of the Sterling Salt Co. Since the death of her husband she has resided with her brother, Frank J. Lowry, Helena, Ok- lahoma. They had six children: J-IV-5-a Blanche Beatrice Burgess, Helena, Oklahoma. J-IV-5-b Leila May Burgess, student, Connell State School, Helena, Oklahoma. J-IV-5-C LeRoy Edward Burgess, Hutchinson, Kansas. J-IV-5-d Robert Adren Burgess, Helena, Oklahoma. J-IV-5-e Thelma Marie Burgess, Helena, Oklahoma. J-IV-5-f Frederick Earl Burgess, Helena, Oklahoma. Fiftv-ttco J — IV — 6. ANNA IRENA LOWRY was born at Sterling, Kansas, December sieiventh, 1889. She was grad- uated from the Santa Cruz, (Calif.) High School, and married October first, 1908, George P. Hall, at Ben Lomand, California. Her husband was in the agricultural implement business (1909-1915) at What Cheer, Iowa, land is now traveling salesman Ottumwa, Iowa. They are mem- bers of the Presbyterian church, and he is a member of the Woodman Lodge and of the United Commercial Travelers. They have three children: J-IV-6-a Duane Hall. J-IV-6-b Jack Hall. J-IV-6-C Doris Hall. Fifta-lhree J — IV — 7. LOIS LUCEIL LOWRY Lois Luceil Lowry, born June 12, 1891. She attended the Connell State School at Helena, Okla. June 21, 1911, she married Edgar Turkle, now traveling salesman for the National Biscuit Co. They lived at Helena until 1912 and since then at Lawton, Oklahoma. She is a mem- ber of the Presbyterian church, and the husband is a Methodist. He is also a Mason and a member of the United Commercial Travelers' Asso- ciation. They have one child: John Herman Turkle. Fifty-four THE LOWELLVILLE FAMILY WHAjIAM LOWRY the fifth child of ROBERT LOWRY and MARY JOHNSTONE, was born October eleventh, 1784, at Killylejagh, came to this country in 1804 with his parents and was married, March twenty-third, 1809, to Mary Hous- ton, daughter of William Houston, of Coitsville, After their marriage they lived on a part of the Poland Center farm until their homestead farm at Lowellville was bought March elev- enth, 1813. They moved to this place in the summer of 1813 and made it their permanent home. On June second, 1825, he received from his father-in-law a deed for a second farm in Kinsman Township, Trumbull County, Ohio, and on December eighth, 1825, he bought a third farm in Coitsville township and thus provided a farm for each of his three sons. So far as known he never held any public office, but a list of those from Poland Township who served in the war of 1812 includes the name of William Lowry. He was a member of the church at Kilmore, and became a member of thje Poland Center Church at its organization. William Lowry had a common school education, understood music and was a good singer. He was of medium height, with smooth face, dark hair and blue eyes. He is said to have been quiet and unassum- ing in mann,e|r and a very kind, good natured man. William Lowry died November third, 182 7, of quick consumption brought on hy exposure during a trip with a wagon-train to Lake Erie for neighborhood supplies, and is buried in the Deer Creek grareyard. MARY HOUSTON wife of WILLIAM LOWRY, is entitleld to more than a passing notice, being the first, but by no means the last, of the remarkable women of our family, who bereaved by death took up the responsibilities of widow- hood and made good. She was born at Pequay, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, on May eighteenth, 1785, and when a young girl was brought by her parents to Coitsville where she married William Lowry, After eighteen years of married life she was left a widow with the care of nine minor children. A womian of strong will and business ability, she assumed the manage- ment of the estate which had been entrusted to her by the will of her husband, reared her large family of children and kept free from debt. Her familiar name was "Polly" among her relatives and friends. She iwas of medium height and slender build, with dark hair and blue eyes. She was a woman of more than ordinary learning and was al- ways in good health but became deaf in her old lage. All lier grandchil- dren will remember the ear trumpet into which was often shouted a de- mand for a Bible story or more often for a bear story^ — the Bible and the bear both appearing in her warning masterpiece about Elisha and the little heathen children who mocked the prophet of the Lord. On May Twentieth, 187 6, fifty years after the death of her husband, she died of the infirmities of age, at the home of her daughter Margaret Cowden and was l,aid to rest in the Deer Creieik graveyard. Fi/tv-fiot THE HOUSTON FAMIY were of Scotch descent. Their original settlement in this country was at Pequay, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. William Houston, (17 57- 1834), the father of Mary Lowry, w.as born in Scotland while his parents were on a visit to that country. He was a soldier in the revolutionary war and was a prisoner on the British prison ship off Long Island. He married Jane Wiatson (1760-1841) and about 1800 moved to Coitsville. He was an elder in the Deer Creek Church and one of the prominent men of the vicinity. In the burying ground across from the site of the old church, his dust lies awaiting the resurrection call, and the horizonital slab above bears the following rich memorial: In memory of WILLIAM HOUSTON, Esq. Who departed this life Dec. 28, 1834, Aged seventy seven years and seven months After devoting his early life to the service of his country And his later years to the service of his G-od. They had nine children of whom David Houston and his family have been most associated with our branch of the Lowry family as he settled at the same date on a farm adjoining the Lowry farm at Lowel- ville. He became an extensive land owner and was State Represen- tative for several years beginning in 1849, He was an elder first at Poland Center, and built the old brick church but about 1859 transfer- red to the Mahoning Church where he served as elder until 1863 when he was suspended for "pro slavery principles and adherence to the Dem- ocratic party," after which he went to the more tolerant Presbyterian Church.. He died in 1872 and is buried at Poland Center. He was married three times and by his third wife, Margaret Cowden, had eleven children many of whose descendants still live in the neighborhood Fiftii-sfx THE liOW^ELLVILLE LOWRYS The homestead farm of this branch of the family, situated on the north hill at Lowellville, overlo'oked the site of the present village, and afforded a view for miles up and down and across the valley, where in the days of our grandfather flowed a river of clear water. A century later a lifeless stream runs stained with the wastes of cities, and the valley is clouded by the smoke of great industries .and world wide traffic. On this farm were reared by their mother the ninei children of Willi,am Lowry: W-I. Jane Lowry W-II. Mary Johnstone Lowry W-III. Amy Houston Lowry W-IV. Martha Ann Lowry w-v Robert Lowry W-VI. Margaret Lowry W-VII. William Houston Lowry W-VIII. James Johnson Lowry W-IX Elizabeth Lowry This was a home keeping family. There were no wanderers among them. All were born .and a,ll married, lived and died within a few miles of the Lowellville farm, which is the only land that has de- scended in the family name from the original survey to the present time. fifts-ieven THE OLD "TENT" CHURCH The Mahoning Church, which many of our family joined after the union of 1858, is across the state line in Mahoning Township, Pa. The congregation grew out of house-to-house prayer-meetings held by the early settlers. This is the oldest congregation in this region and was organized as early as 1798 by the Rev. James Duncan, who regardless of orthodox doctrine, presbyterial authority or personal habits, became the great home missionary of this part of the country and the founder of m.any churches wherein the gospel is still proclaimed with sincerity. The original congregation was composed of both Associate and As- sociate Reformed members. They worshiped in a grove where the pulpit was covered by a tent of boughs for the shelter and dignity of the minis- ter and the singing clerks. Thus came the name "Old Tent Church." In 1808 the Associate members including Samuel McBride, who was clerk of the session, William Houston, Robert Walker, and James Shields, established the Deer Cmek Church and left the McFarlands, the McWilliams, the Dicksons, and other Associate 'Reformed members in possession at Mahoning. The Associate Reformed congregation called the Rev. Mr. Galloway to Miahoning and (1809) built a log church and about the same time the "Tent" school house, was built in the same grove. In 1850 was built the plain frame church wherein some of us received our first Sabfeath school lessons. There is remembered also a great spring which gushed out of the rock and the shady woods, more attractive to the boys oftentimes than the sermon and the Sabbath school. Fiflv-elcht THE DEER CREEK CHURCH to which nearly all of our Coitsville relatives belonged, had a rather tur- bulent history during its first half century. It appears in the records and writings of Uncle John Shields as a forum where every theological, moral and political issue was contended to the bitter end. After the inevitable split at Mahoning, a log church was built (1810) at Deer Creek, and the Rev. James Duncan divided his time among Deer Creek, Poland Center and Liberty until 1815 when his li- cense was revoked by the Associate Synod for erroneous doctrine, and he thereupon moved on west. Then came the Rev. Robert Douglas who died young (1823) in the year the first frame church was finished. The Rev. David Goodwillie ministered to Deer Creek (1825-1832) and resigned. The congregation next called Rev. James Ramsey (1834-1855) as pastor of Deer Creek only. During this pastorate! the controversies about occasional hearing, the lining out of the Psalms and the introduc- tion of new funes, became intense and finally culminated in a bitter struggle over the slavery question, even to nailing down fhe church win- dows land barricading its doors to prevent abolition meetings. The pro- slavery faction eventually were defeated and immediately seceded. Some of them founded the Beulah Church under Rev. Thomas Mehard, but others, including the maternal grandfather of the writer, never set their feet again within the door of any church. During all these years the Deer Creek spring bubbled peacefully up into its placid little pool — more placid than the troubled face of the min- ister or elder whO' stooped to drink from dt — and in 1858 Deer Creek, iBeulah and Mahoning, with Poland Center and Liberty, .all came together as a congregation of the United Presbyterian Church. Fifts-nint W — I. JANE LOWRY was born April fourteenth, 1810, and was married November sixteenth, 1831, to Robert Stewart. They lived on a farm north of Coitsville, where she died Sepfceimber ninth, 1836. She was a member of the Asso- ciate Church and is buried at Deer Creek. Her husband, Robert Stewart, (1805-1886) was an elder of the Lib- erty Church for forty-five years. He married, second, Agnes White Stewart, (1838) and third, Mary Russell, (1853). By his second wife, Robert Stewart hjad four children, Mary Jane Stewart, John Struthers Stewart, Samuel Finley Stewart and Sarah Lu- cretia Stewart. Jane Lowry (Stewart) left one son: W — I -— 1. WILLIAM JOHNSOIS" STEWART, was born August twenty-sixth, 1835, and m^arried October nineteenth, 1858, Mary Katherine Archibald, daughter of John Archibald. He was a farmer and lived in Coitsville Township. He and his wife were both members of the Mahoning United Presbyterian Church. He died Au- gust sixth, 1914, leaving three children: W-I-l-a Ella Jane Stewart, is the wife of Alvan A. Houston, hitherto engaged in farming near Lowellville, Ohio. They have one child: Katherine S. Marie Houston, born July 7, 1895. She is a graduate of South High, Youngstown, also of the nurses training school of the Youngstown City Hospital. W-I-l-b Alice Caroline Stewart, who has her home with her mother in Struthers, Ohio. Sixty W-I-l-c Anna Olive Stewart, a graduate of Grove City College. She is the wife of the Rev. H,arry S. McCutcheon, pastor of the Presbyterian church of LaPorte, iColorad'O. They have eight children: Harold Stewart MoCutcheon, born July 2 0, 189 6. He served in the late war, leaving home for Ft. Logan, Colo., Aug. 9, 1918, and going to Camp McArthur, Texas, Aug. 12, and later to Camp 'Merritt, N. Y. Sept. 16 he left for iFrance and landed Oct. 3. Soon after he joined the Fifth Division, U. S. A., near Metz. He was placed in the ma- chine gun company. Eleventh Infantry, and was kept at the front till the armistice. Dater he belonged to the oc- c'upation force in Germany and remained till July 4, 1919, when he sailed for home and reiceived his discharge from service at Ft. Russell, Wyoming, July 19. He is employ- ed as first carbonator in the Great Western Sugar Factory, Ft. Collins, Colo. He was married June 28, 1918, to Olive Mae Baker, of La Porte, Colo. Marie Katherine McCutcheon, born March 8, 1898. Hazel Pauline McCutcheon, born Aug. 3, 1899, deceased Oct. 27, 1904. Carrie Jennie McCutcheon, born Sept. 17, 1901. Ella Louise McCutcheon, born Nov. 28, 1904, deceased Dec. 4, 1904. William Alexander MoCutcheon, born May 27, 19 08. Estelle 'Margeruite McCutcheon, born June 1, 1911. Robert Alvan McCutcheon horn Aug. 29, 1916. Sixiv-one w — n. MARY JOHNSON LOWRY, was born December thirteenth, 1811, and on September fifteenth, 1853, became the third wife of James McNab, (1805-18 65) of Poland, where she lived the rest of her life in the old McNab homestead. Before her marriage she had been a school teacher and was a very bright and com- panionable woman. Her home will be remembered as a social meeting place for 'her nephews and their chums, who attended the Poland Union Seminary in those days. Her death was caused by paralysis on March twenty-sixth, 1887. She was admitted to the Poland Center Church, June thirtieth, 1838, but is buried in the Presbyterian Churchyard at Poland, in which congregation her husband was an elder. She had two daughters, of whom the younger. Flora (18 57-1 880") died unmarried. The elder daughter was: Shtu-iao W — II — 1. EMMA McNAB born November eighth, 1854, and married November eighth, 1877, Miartin A. Kimmel, who was Principal of the Poland Schools since 1880, and for many years a member of the Mahoning Countj^ Board of Teachers Exam- iners. She was originally a member of the Poland Center Church but upon her marriage united with the Poland Methodist Episcopal Church, of which her husband was a member. She died September twenty-third, 1898, and is buried in the Poland Cemetery. The second wife of Martin A. Kimmel is Lily Haines, formerly a teacher in the Poland schools. Emma McNab Kimmel left two children: W-II-l-a Jessie Maude Kimmel, who attended Oberlin College and married Dr. Edgar A. Toby Sept. 17, 1902, and had her home with him in Youngstown, O. His death occurred March 25, 1920 in Los Angeles, CaL, and he was buried in Inglewood, Cal. There is 'one child; Marian Frances Kim- mel, born July 8, 1904. W-II-l-b Kennan Kendall Kimmel, assistant purchasing agent of the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, married Eva Bonnet and resides at Poland, Ohio. Sixtv-thre* W — III. AMY HOUSTON LOWRY was born February twenty-first, 1814, and was married to Robert Cow- den of Poland on December first, 1831 After tbeir marriage they resid- ed on a farm in Coitsville until their deaths. She united with the Poland Center Church in 1832 and her hus- band was also a member of that organization. About 18 60 they trans- ferred by letter to the Deer Creek Church. Robert Cowden was born in Washington County, Pa., and was brought to Poland Township when a child by his parents who were among, the earliest settlers of that township. He was kind and moral in his habits and one of the staunchest supporters of the abolition cause. He died February twenty-seventh, 1874, and Amy Cowden died March twelfth, 189 9. They are both buried at Deer Creek. Aunt Amy is re- membered as a bright, active, cheerful old lady. They had four daughters and two sons who survived to manhood and womanhood and several children who died in infancy: Slxtyi-fovT W — III — 1. MARY ANN COAVDEN, was born January fourteenth, 1834. She taught in the schools of Coits- ville Township until her marriage. October twentieth, 1857, to Lowry Stewart of Vienna Township, Trumbull County, Ohio, where they lived upon a farm. Her husband also carried on the business of cabinet ma- ker and funeral director. She died November third, 1889, a few years after the death of her husband and they are buried at Liberty, of which church they were members. They left five children: W-III-l-a Ella Stewart, born in Vienna Feb. 2, 1859, married in 1880 to Charles 'M. Malin, of Sharon, Pa., who died July 1, 1920. The family is now resident in Youngstown, O. They have nine children and four grandchildren; Beulah E. Malin, married to Albert J. Brunswick. Estella G. Malin, married to Carmon H. Chapin. Carl W. Malin Alfred B. Malin, who married Marguerite McGrea. Harry Malin, who married Alma Veach. Francis Malin, who married Lydia Young. Jay Malin. Katherine E. Malin, deceased Feb. 2 5, 192 0, aged nineteen. Maud Malin. N. B. The word is that four of the young men were In the world war. W-III-l-b David Cowden Stewart, married to Margaret Hayes is a farmer in Vienna. W-III-l-c Emma Stewart, deceased in 19 00 at the age of thirty-five. She was the wife of Frank Collar, farmer, Coalburg, O. W-ni-l-d Ellis Houston Stewart, born Nov, 18, 1867, Sept. 3, 1891 he married Maud Hoagland, born March 19, 1872. They have three children: Gladys Ella Stewart, born July 28, 1892, deceased July 1, 1913. Wade Van Buren Stewart, born July 25, 1894 Russel Lowry Stewart, born May 7, 1911. W-III-l-e James Stewart, deceased in 1891 at the age of twenty-one. Sixt\--fiv« W-III-l-f Lily Stewart, born Feb. 27, 1874, and married to William J. Wolf, Dec. 20, 1894. Their address is Hubbard, O. They have three children: Lucy Jane Wolf, born Nov. 24, 1895. She was married Sept. 30, 1918, to Merle W. Gifford. They have one child: Lillian Ruth Gifford, born Sept. 10, 1919. Ella Valeire Wolfe, married Oct. 17, 1917, to Harry Harris They have lone child: Willis, Harry Harris, born Aug. 5, 1918. Estella May Wolfe Sixli)-six W — III — 2. MARGARET JANE COWDEN w.as born December twenty-sixth, 1835, and October eighth, 1857, married Robert Strain of Poland. During their married life they lived at Shar- on, Pa., where her husband was a bookkeeper. She died December twenty-ninth, 1863. They were members of the United Presbyterian Church. Her husband married second (1865) Margaret Ormond, and, third, (1870) 'Mary Agnes Burgess. In 1885 he moved to Coldwater, Kansas, where he bought a farm and died in 1910, while on a visit to New Wilmington, Pa. There is one son: W-III-2-a Elmer James Strain, in the employ of a mercantile firm at Coldwater, Kansas. Sixbl-ieven W — III — 3. MARTHA liOWRY COWDEN was born June thirtieth, 1841, and married, William J. Sharp, December December twenty-seventh, 1865. Their residence for many years was at New Bedford, Pa. Her husband was originally in the saw mill business, and afterward was selling agent for agricultural machinery. His death occurred Dec. 21, 1918. They were members of the Deer Creek Church, and he was leader of the choir for several years. They have three daughters and one son: W-III-3-a Emma Jane Sharp, born Oct. 12, 1867. On Nov. 20, 1884, she was married to R. K. Rowland. They have their home in Youngstown, O., and Mr. Rowland is connected with Clegg Bros. Company. W-in-3-b Mary Eva Lena Sharp, born April 25, 1871, married May 7, 1890, to Frank Book, who is a merchant in West Middle- sex, Pa. They have two children: Irma Rae Book, born April 18, 1892, and married to Wil- liam McClure Nov. 27, 1915. Raymond Book, born Jan. 27, 1895, married Helen Thomp- Oct. 7, 1915. They have one child: Donald Book, born March 17, 1918. W-III-3-C Edith Adella Sharp, born Dec. 1, 1874. She and her mo- ther make their home together in Youngstown. W-III-3-d Robert Clyde Sharp, born Dec. 28, 1878, married Sept. 24, 1902, Josephine Parker, of Pittsburg, Pa. He is district claim adjuster, Pittsburgh. They have two children: Harry Barker Sharp, born Aug. 27, 19 03. Martha Louise, born Sept. 9, 1906. Sixh'-eishi w-ni-4. ELIZABETH SLOAN COWDEN was born November sixteenth, 1843, and married Simon P. McFall, Sep- tember twenty-seventh, 18 65, the Rev. Josiah Alexander officiating. They resided first on a farm in Coitsville and later in Youngstown,Ohio. She united with the Deer Creek Church, but after their removal to Youngstown transferred her membersip to the Tabernacle United Pres- byterian Church. She died July eleventh, 18 99, and" is buried in Oak Hill Cemetery, Youngstown, Ohio. Simon P. McFall, was born January sixteenth, 1840; served during the civil war in Co. A. 105th Reg. O. V. I.; was a member of the Tod Post Gr. A. R. and of the First Christian Church, Youngstown, Ohio. He died August fourth, 1913. They had nine children. ■W-in-4-a James R. McFall, born Oct. 2 3, 18 66, deceased Oct. 11, 1867. W-III-4-b Frank Judson MoFall horn Aug. 11, 18 68, deceased Jan. 11, 1869. W-III-4-C Arnold Benton McFall, born Nov. 13, 18 69, he married Mazie Pierce, June 3, 1893. He is a civil engineer and lives at Florence, Colorado. There are five children: Irene, Jack, Francis, James and Elizabeth. W-ni-4-d Ellen Gertrude McFall, born Feb. 14, 1873. She married William McGeehan in 1893, and to these were born: Geneva May McGeehan, born Oct. 14, 1895, married to Fred Markstrom Oct. 14, 1915. They have two children: Paul Frederick Markstrom, born Dec. 1, 1917. Bonnelyn May Markstrom, born Jan. 19, 1921. Hazel Gertrude McGeehan, born Dec. 1, 189 6, married to Russel H. Sankey, Dec. 20, 1915. They have two chil- dren : Douglas Ward Sankey, born Sept. 23, 1917. David Bernard Sankey, born March 19, 1920. Ellen Gertrude McFall later married James Stran, and they have one child; James Bernard Stran, born Feb. 24, 1905. Sixtv-nin* W-III-4-e Eva Luella McFall, born Dec. 10, 1874 married Hugh O. Harroff, June 22, 19 04. They have two children: Helen Luella Harroff, born June 5, 1905. Homer Hugh Harroff, born March 27, 1910. W-III-4-f Harry Lee McFall, born March 2, 187 6, married M,ame Maud Bridges. He is a civil engineer and they live in Sacramento, Calif. They have two children, Mildred and Hazel McFall, W-III-4-g Alfred O. McFall, born March 2 8, 1877, married Margaret Free. He is a civil engineer, and they live in Salt Lake City, Utah. They have one child, Dennis Norton McFall. W-III-4-h Flora M. McFall, born Oct. 18, 1879, married Clifford A. Boehler August 25, 1916. Mr. Boehler served twenty months in the world war with the 332 Reg., stationed in Italy. W-ni-4-i \Amy Elizabeth McFall, born Nov. 21, 1889, married Clar- ence G. Swager Oct. 30, 1907. He is with the Republic Rubber Company of Youngstown. They have one child, Russell P. Swager. Sevtnti) w — in — 5. AVTLLIAMS REYNOLDS COWDEN born February twenty-first, 1848, died September eighteenth, 1906, and W — III — 6. ROBERT JAIMES COWDEN born November twenty-seventh, 1850, were not married. They lived with their mother on the Coitsville farm until her death, and then con- tinued to live there together until the death of William, and James still lives on the farm. W — IV. IMARTHA ANN LOWRY was born May seventeenth, 1816; married September tenth, 1847, Joshua Anderson McBride, being his second wife, and she lived for sixty-three years on the old 'McBride farm in Mahoning Township, Lawrence County, Pa. She united with the Poland Center Church in 1835 and her husband with the Deer Creek Church in 1838. They both united by letter with the Mahoning church in 1863, of which church her husband was chosen an elder for life in 1865, and both were teachers in the Sabbath School. Anderson McBride was a blacksmith by trade, and worked as such at Lowellville until he moved to the McBride farm. He died June twen- ty-first, 1884, aged seventy-four years. His father was Samuel Mc- Bride, one of the original pioneers who settled Lawrence County in 179 3, and who was a member oi the first session of Deer Creek Church. "Aunt iMattie" is well remembered as an entertaining woman, fond of visiting and society. She died June twenty-third, 1910, of the infirm- ities of age and is buried in the Mahoning churchyard beside the kin and neighbors among whom she was an influence for good for three genera- tions. 'Anderson McBride by his first wife, Martha Dickson, had two sons, Davidson C. McBride, who married Mary Jane Lowry, and Dickson Mc- bride of Lowellville. Anderson and Martha Ann McBride had two sons: SeuenfV-one W— IV— 1. SAMUEL MORROW McBRmE was born September twenty-fourth, 1851. He attended (1870-1871) the Poland Union Seminary, and lived (1879-1881) in Colorado, and then returned to Youngstown. He married November eighth, 1883, Vina J. McFarland, daughter of Anderson McFarland, of Coitsville, who died March fourth, 188 6. After her death he again went west ami was en- gaged (188 6-1889) in railroad construction and then moved to Lapeer, Michigan, where he has been a member of the firm, Wright and McBride, Cold Storage; superintendent of the King Lumber Company, and is now engaged in contracting and building. He united with the Mahoning Church and transferred by letter to the First United Presbyterian Church of Youngstown, and from there to the First Presbyterian Church of Lapeer, in which congregation he has been an elder since 1910. He was a member for several terms of the Lapeer Board of Education and of the City Council. He married, second, October fourth, 1892, Sarah Emmeline Hallock, daughter of Alfred Hallock, of Lapeer. There are six children: W-IV-l-a Donald Hallock McBride, born Nov. 28, 1894, graduated from Lapeer high school in 1912, spent one year at M. A. C, two years with Chalmers Motor Car Company, Detroit, enlisted with world war Nov. 30, 1917, and was in service nineteen months, in France eighteen; returned to Chalmers Co., and is now in the employ of the Southern Motor Co., Houston, Texas. Member of the Pres'byterian church. W-V-l-b Elizabeth Jean McBride, born Dec. 8, 189 6, deceased Feb. 4, 1897. Seventv-two W-V-l-c Mildred Lowry McBride, born April 22, 1899, graduated from Lapeer high school, 1918, spent two years at Alma College. She is a member of the First Presbyterian church of Lapeer and is at present kindergarten teacher at Michigan Home and Training School. W-V-l-d Infant son, born Feb. 1, 1901, deceased Feb. 19, 1901. W-V-l-e Hugh Alan McBride, born April 1, 1902, deceased July 22, 1914. W-V-l-f Robert Keith McBride, born Dec. 4, 1903, is member of the First Presbyterian church and at present is in Lapeer high school. Sevent])-three W — IV — 1. JAMES HOUSTON McBRIDE was born February thirteenth, 18 55, and attended Westminster College, New Wilmington, Pa. He has always lived upon the McBride homestead farm in Mahoning Township, near Lowellville, Ohio, and was rural mail carrier (1900-1910). He and his family are members of the Mahoning Church. He has been twice married. First on January twenty-ninth, 1880 to Helen B. Anderson, daughter of Thomas Anderson of New Bedford, who was killed November fifth, 1889, in a runaway accident at Struthers, Ohio, and second on April sixth. 1893, to Marietta Jackson, daughter of Joseph M. Jackson, of Coitsvile. He has two children: W-IV-2-a Roy L. McBride, (son of Helen Anderson McBride,) is a farmer on the home farm and married Alice M. Baird, June They have one child: Donald Baird, born July 30, 1908. W-IV-2-b Helen Martha McBride, (daughter of Marietta Jackson McBride,) born April 19, 1896, a graduate of the Lowell- ville High School. Married Aug. 7, 1918 to Arrel C. Hen- ley, Deceased Mar. 6, 1919. Stetnturfour W — V. ROBERT LOWRY was born August twelfth, 1818, and married, September twenty-second, 1842, Margaret Stewart of Coitsville. Upon his marriage he received from his father's estate the Coitsville farm on which he resided until his death. In politics he was a Republican and was one of the most prominent politicians of Mahoning County. He held the office of Justice of the Peace from 1855 to 1871, and was Commissioner of Mahoning County from 1866 to 1872, and also held several township offices at various times. He was capable and popular and his memory was cherished by the men who were associated with him in those days. He joined the Poland Center Church May eleventh, 18 39; was elect- ed an elder November second, 18 57, and ordained and installed May twenty-third, 1858. He went by certificate to Deer Creek Church, Octo- ber twenty-second, 1859, and was elected and installed as elder of that congregation in 18 60 and served as such until his death. In 1885 he was commissioner from Mercer Presbytery to the General Assembly of the Church which met at Topeka, Kansas. He married, second, May eighteenth, 1876, Anna Madge, daughter of Roibert Madge of Mercer County, Pa., who survived him. Robert Lowry was of medium height and of stout build with brown hair and blue eyes; jolly and good humored. He died February eight, 1891, of dropsy and is buried at Deer Creek. MARGARET STEWART wife of ROBERT LOWRY, was the youngest daughter of William Stew- art of Coitsville. She was born January fifteenth, 1817, and died July first, 1873. She also was a member of the Deer Creek Church and is buried there. "Aunt Peggy" is recalled as being of more than ordinary height and slender; quiet and retiring in her ways — an admirable woman. Robert Lowry and Margaret Stewart had four children: Seveniy-five W— V— 1. MARY JANE LOWRY was born February eighth, 1844, and married February eighth, 1865, Da- vidson C. McBride, who was born July thirtieth, 1840. He was a member (1861-1864) of Co. D. 134th Reg. Pa. Vol. Inf. and re-enlisted (18 64) in Co. E. 19 3rd Reg. Pa. Vol. Inf. He also serv- ed as an elder in the Mahoning Church and was Justice of the Peace of Mahoning Township during their residence there. They lived first upon her husband's part of the old McBride farm but sold it and bought another farm at New Bedford, Pa., and their church membership was then transferred to the Deer Creek Church. Mary Jane McBride, died at New Bedford, November twenty-eighth, 1910, and her husband died September twenty-seventh, 1911. Both are buried in the Mahoning Church graveyard. They had two sons: W-V-I-a Robert Burton Anderson McBride, born Dec. 21st, 1867. Graduated by Grove City College with degree of A. B. in class of 1891. Graduated by Allegheny (now Pitts- burgh) Theological Seminary in class of 1894. Licensed to preach by Beaver Valley Presbytery (U. P.) in April 1893. He was united in marriage with Jennie Catherine Rankin, daughter of David and Frances (Douglas) Rankin, of Boston, Allegheny Co., Pa. June 6, 1894, He was ordained by Beaver ValleyPresbytery (U.P.) and was in- stalled pastor of Oak Grove and Neshannook churches May 1, 1894. He also served the following churches in their order: Oskaloosa, Iowa, Feb. 1, 1897; Tarkio, Mo., April 1, 1900; Central, Omaha, Oct. 1, 1S05; First Presbyterian Leavenworth, Kansas, April 1, 1910; First Presbyterian Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Feb. 1, 1915. He entered the War Work Service of the Y. M. C. A. Dec. 31, 1917, and made the following lecord: Served as Building Religious Work Di- rector of Y. M. C. A. Building No. 28 in Camp Travis, San Antonio, Texas during January, 1918. Transferred to Camp Bowie, Fort Worth, Texas, and made Religious Work Director, served in this capacity until April 18th, 1918. Transferred to Camp Cody, at Deming, N. M., and made Camp General Secretary, served in this capacity until August 14th, 1918. Transferred to Camp Eustis, Newport News, Va., and made Camp Religious Work Director, at his own request, serving until Oct. 1st, 1918 when he resigned to accept a call to the First Presbyterian Church of Em- poria, Kansas. Served here until Oct. 1st, 1920, when he resigned on ac- count of ill health, having suffered a stroke of paralysis. Removed to La JoUa, Calif. Dec. 1920. Seventu-six Robert Burton Anderson McBride received the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity from his Alma Mater, Grove City College in 1906. Moderator of the Synod of Nebraska, (U. P.) 1907. Member of the Board of Church Erection of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. 1912-1918. Served on the Directorate of Tarkio College, Bellevue College and Omaha Theological Seminary and Coe College. There are four children: Davidson Rankin McBride, born Dec. 17th, 189 6 at New- Castle Pa. Commissioned 2nd Lieut. Aviation, at Elling- ton Field, Texas, Dec. 1918. Graduated by the College of Emporia, Emporia, Ks. with the degree of A. B. with the class of 1919. Sup't. of schools at Wamego, Ks., 1919, resigned to accept a Rhodes Scholarship in Oxford Univer- sity, Oxford, Eng. Dec. 1919. Mary Frances McBride, born Feb. 20th, 1900, in Oskaloosa, la. Helen McBride, born June 2nd, 1904, in Tarkio, Mo. Roberta Catherine McBride, born Oct. 3rd. 1912, in Leav- enworth, Ks. W-V-I-b Charles Clyde McBride, born Dec. 16, 1872, in Lawrence Co., Mahoning Tp., Pa. He was graduated in business course from Grove City College, March 21, 1894. He married, Nov. 10, 1896, Elizabeth Book, who was born Mar. 29, 1872, daughter of Ferdinand and Sarah (Showers) Book, Lawrence Co., and who died Jan. 6, 1904. He married, April 8, 1914, Elsie Steelsmith, who was born Feb. 25, 1883, in Mercer Co., daughter of Martin and Sophia (Onstott) Steelsmith. To these were born a son and daughter who died at birth. They live on a farm at New Bedford, Pa. Of Charles Clyde and Elizabeth Book McBride there are two sons: Burton Book McBride, born June 4, 1898. Walter Davidson McBride, born Dec. 31, 19 03. Sevenfy-seven W— V — 2. WILLIAM SAjMITEL LOWRY was born July fifteenth, 1847, and married, December tenth, 1868, Mary- Elizabeth Mars, born September twelfth, 1848, a daughter of John Mars, of New Bedford. They lived first (18 69-1878) on their farm in Coitsville, and then (1878-1894) on another farm which they bought at New Bedford, and since 1894 have owned a general store in New Bedford, Pa. He and his wife are members of the Deer Creek Church in which he was superintendent (1875-1877) of the Sabbath School and since 1891 has been life elder of the congregation. They have two children: W-V-2-a Edward Robert Lowry, attended Grove City College and graduated at the Meadville, (Pa.) Business College. He married Clara Elizabeth McClusky of New Bedford, and is credit manager of Tlie John H. Fitch Company, wholesale grocers, Youngstown, Ohio. W-V-2-b Eleanor Margaret Lowry, married first, Alex Edmond Eckles, principal of the New Bedford schools, and second, (Merle Murdock, of New Bedford, who is in the general store bus- business with his father-in-law. She died Sept. 2, 1917, in Youngstown City Hospital, following ,an operation, and was buried in Evergreen Cemetery, New Bedford, Pa. One child: Russell Lowry Eckles, born June 3, 1897, at Wampum, Pa., graduated from New Castle high school and employed by the Carne- gie Steel Company, drafting department. On May 31,1918, he enlisted at Youngstown in the Engineers and went the same day to Columbus, O. From there he vras sent to Camp Dix, N. J. July 7, 1918, he landed in Liverpool, England, and in France July 10. He was assigned to Co. A. 54th Eng. at Perigenex. Later he was made corporal and transferred to Headquarters Co., 17th Grand Division. He left France June 4, 1919, and received honorable discharge from the service on July 1, 1919, at Camp Sherman, Ohio. At present he lives with his grandparents and has employment with the Carnegie Steel Co., New Castle. Se«tnty-«igbt W— V — 3. THEORESSA JOHNSON T^OWRY was born November tenth, 1851. She married, first, January seventh, 1874, John William MacNab, born July fifth, 1852, son of Robert MacNab of Pulaski, Pa. They lived first (1874-1884) at Pulaski, where her husband and his brothers had a blacksmith shop, and next (1884-1887) at Stonefort, Illi- nois, while cutting out ,a tract of timber land, and then settled at New Castle, Pa., where her husband became the senior member of MacNab and Horton in the hardware business. John MacNab died February sixth, 1891.. She joined (1862) the Deer Creek Church,but since 1889 has been a member of the First Presbyterian Church of New Castle, to which her husband also belonged. She married, second, August nineteenth, 19 07, George C. Thompson, principal of Martin Gantz School, New Castle, who died, March tenth, 1916. Her residence is New Castle, Pa., and she has one son: W-V-3-a Lake Stewart MacNab, a graduate 'of New Castle High School; attended Washington and Jefferson College, Pa., married Dorothy Donnan, of Pittsburgh, Oct. 28, 1913, and is a member of the firm of Cripps and MacNab, hardware merchants. New Castle, Pa. They have two children: Elizabeth Donnan MacNab, born March 29, 1916. Ruth MacNab, born March 2 0, 1920. SeVenhj-nine W — V — 4. SARAH ELIZABETH COWDEN LOWRY was born May 11,1858, and was married March 10, 1881, to Samuel Walker Allen, who was born Feb. 28, 1855. She united in 1873 with the Deer Creek church rfnd at her marriage became a member of the Ma- honing church. They live on the homestead farm of her father in Ooits- ville, bought at his death. Her husband attended Poland Union Semi- nary and then Westminster College, Pa., and Oberlin College, Ohio. For the interval of 1902-1907 he was secretary of the MacNab-Rhoades Fur- niture Co., New Castle, Pa. For a number of years he was engaged in school work, serving 1895-1901 as superinten,dant of the Coitsville Town- ship schools, and he was trustee of the san^e township and for eight years its clerk. In Mahoning church he has served as teacher or super- intendant in the Sabbath school since 1873, deacon for twenty years and elder since 1911. They have three sons: W-V-4-a George Robert Allen, a graduate of Coitsville high school, conducts a dairy farm on the home place with his father. He serves the Lowry clan as secretary, and his address is Lowellville, Ohio. He was born June 18, 1884, in a home built on the farm of his grandfather, was married June 19, 1912, to Mary Louise Porter, who was born June 8, 1886, at Donithan, Nebraska, and taught school in Ohio. They are members of the Mahoning U. P. church. They have one child: Edwin Walker Allen, born July 12, 1917. Sighly W-V-4-b Lee Emel Allen, a graduate of Eayen school, Youngstown, and of Ohio State University, course in mechanical engi- neering and class of 1911, is assistant engineer for The Pennsylvania Engineering Co., New Castle, Pa. He was married to Esther Goldeana Kerr, born June 1, 1894, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. W. J. Kerr, Pulaski township, Lawrence county. Pa., and they have one child: Helen Roberta Allen, born Nov. 15, 1920. W-V-4-C Stewart Gibson Allen, 1888-1905, deceased. ^Ightu one W — VI. MARGARET LOWRY was born January sixth, 1821, and married October twenty-sixth 1851, Ebenezer Scroggs Cowden, she being his second wife, and they resided on his farm at Lowellville. She joined the Poland Center church on May eleventh, 1839, and he was admitted to the same church September eighteenth, 1841. On September twenty-third, 1863, they took their certificates to he Mahoning church. Eben. S. Cowden was a brother of the Robert Cowden who married Amy Lowry. They were sons of Reynolds Cowden, who came to Poland Township from Washington ^county. Pa., with his brothers among the earliest settlers in the Western Reserve. Margaret Cowden was of medium height with brown hair and blue eyes — quiet and dignified. Her husband was tall and slender. Both were neat and methodical and everything about the house and farm was kept in the best of order. Eben. S. Cowden died May twenty-sixth, 1895, aged 80 years. Mar- garet Cowden died April twenty-eighth, 1904. They are buried in the Mahoning churchyard. Ebenezer S. Cowden and Esther Dickson, his first wife, had two sons, Reynolds Cowden, formerly bookkeeper for The Cherry Valley Iron Com- pany, Leetonia, Ohio, and George Cowden, who died in the Union Army before Petersburg, Va. Ebenezer S. Cowden and Margaret Lowry Cowden had two children: Eighly-iTvo W — VI — 1. ESTHER JANE COWDEN was born March fifth, 1854, and married, February nineteenth, 1874, Henry Falls Anderson, son of Thomas Anderson, of New Bedford, Pa. Her husband was a building contractor in Youngstown, Ohio; a member for a term of the Youngstown City Board of Education; an elder in the Tabernacle United Presbyterian Church, of which she was also a member by letter from Mahoning, and was a commissioner from Cleveland Pres- bytery to the General Assembly of 1893 which met at Monmouth, Illinois. He died July third, 1905, after which she lived with her son in Lakewood, Ohio, where she died December twelfth, 1912. They are both buried in the Lowellville Cemetery, and left one son: W-VI-l-a Luard C. Anderson, son of Henry F. Anderson and Esther Jane Anderson, was born Nov. 17th, 1879, Youngstown, O. Public and high school education received ditto. Entered service L. S. & M. S. Ry. ditto May 9th, 18 9 9. Migrated to Cleveland Sept. 9th, 1901. Again migrated to New York City March 1, 1920. Appointed Superintendent Passenger Transportation, N. Y. C. R. R. at Cleveland, O., Feb. 7th, 1918. Appointed Assistant General Superin- tendent Passenger Transportation N. Y. C. R. R. at New York March 1, 192 0. Married to Margaret A. Richards of Youngstown, O., May 12, 1909, daughter of John T. and Mary A. Richards. They have one child: Kenneth Luard Anderson born at Lakewood, Ohio, March 6th, 1910. Eishtv-lliree W — VI — 2. WILLIAM FRANCIS COWDEN was born August tenth, 1852, and married February first, 1877, Agnes Myrtle Mars, daughter of John Mars, of New Bedford, Pa. He is a farm- er and owns and lives upon the home farm of his father. Both he and his wife are members of the Deer Creek Church, and he has been a life elder of that congregation since 1910. They have four children: W-VI-2-a Charles Dickson Cowden, married Delia Book, and works for the Standard Oil Company, Youngstown, Ohio. W-VI-2-b Mary Margaret Cowden, attended the State Normal School at Slippery Rock, Pa., and is the wife of Harvey G. Brown- lee, engineer, Pennsylvania Company, Ashtabula, Ohio. They have one child: Jean Elizabeth Brownlee, born Nov. 28, 1916. W-VI-2-C Martha Esther Cowden, a graduate of Rayen High School, Youngstown, Ohio, is a teacher in the Lowellville Schools. W-VI-2-d John Scroggs Cowden, born May 11, 1890, a graduate of the Lowellville High School, Aug. 12, 1913 married Vera Gib- son, daughter of J. Freeman and lanthe Moore Gibson, and is a funeral director. New Bedford, Pa. One child: Dorothy Eleanor Cowden, born Aug. 21, 1913. Eighly-four W — VII WILLIAM HOUSTON LOWRY was born March twenty-ninth, 1823, at Lowellville, Ohio, His early occu- pation was school teaching, but later he learned the trade of wagon mak- ing at Lowellville with William Dickson and pursued this employment in connection with his farm at Coitsville, until his death June twenty-fourth, 1853. He was never very rugged, and after a case of fever he developed dropsy of the heart, which resulted in his death. In the division of his father's estate he received the farm at Kins- man, Ohio, which in 1848 was traded for the farm at Coitsville Center. On May eighteenth, 1845, he was received into the Associate Church at Poland Center. He afterward removed his membership to Deer Creek Church and at his death was serving as an elder. Testimony is clear to his Christian character and service and to his singularly pure and consecrated life. His body lies in the burying ground of the Church of old Deer Creek. MARGARET JANE DAVIDSON wife of William Houston Lowry, was born October twenty-fifth, 1826. She was the daughter of James and Mary (Shields) Davidson, of Coits- ville. She married William Houston Lowry, September twenty-first, 1848, and upon the death of her husband returned to her father's house for about five years, after which she resumed her household on the farm at Coitsville Center. With the burden of life heavy upon her young shoulders, she kept her faith strong and her courage bright, and her chil- dren rose up to do her honor. She also was a member of the Deer Creek Church and is buried by her husband. Her death was on August thirteenth, 1889. It was sud- den, but it found her ready for the call. They had three sons: Eighty fivt W-VII-1 WILLIAIM CA]>IILLUS LOWRY was born October sixth, 18 49, and September thirtieth, 1880, married An- nie E. Porter, of Sharon, Pa. He received a good common school education and for a time attended Poland Union Seminary , He learned the ma- chinest trade with McGilvray and Co., (1869-1872) at Sharon, Pa., and has been employed at the Phoenix Iron Works (1872-1873) Meadville, Pa.; Douglas & Freeman Machine Works (1874-1875) Warren, Ohio; Pennsylvania Railroad Shops, (1876-1877), Oil City, Pa; Warren Machine Works, (1877-1883), Warren Ohio; The William Tod Works, (1883- 1887) Youngstown, Ohio; The Homestead (Pa.) Works of the Carnegie Steel Co., (1887-1893) as inspector of machinery; master mechanic (1893-1895) of the Ohio Steel Co., Youngstown, Ohio, during the con- struction of its plant, and since 189 5 inspector of Machinery at the Braddock, (Pa.) Works of the Carnegie Steel Company, residing at Wil- kinsburg. Pa. He united (187 6) with the Oil City United Presbyterian Church and at Youngstown was an elder of the Tabernacle United Presbyterian Church. When the Homestead United Presbyterian Church was organized (1888) he was elected an elder and also served as superintendent of its Sabbath School. He and his family are now members of the Second United Presbyterian Church, Wilkinsburg, Pa., of which he was elected Trustee in 1896 and Elder in 1900, and has been the teacher of a large Bible class since and is active in every good work. They have one daughter: W-VII-1-a Margaret Porter Lowry, a graduate of the Wilkinsburg High School, attended the Pennsylvania College for Wo- men for three years and is assistant librarian, Carnegie Library, Wilkinsburg, Pa. Eighly-i w — vm — 2. JAMES DAVIDSON LOWRY was born February eleventh, 1851, and attended the Poland Union Semi- nary. He has passed his life upon his father's home farm at Coitsville Center, sharing house with his mother until her death. He was engaged for many years in raising and training thorough- bred horses, including race horses, and succeeded in putting "Jessie L" into the two-ten class. In 1875 he became a member of Deer Creek church. He served as superintendent of the Sabbath school and for three terms as trustee. More recently he removed his membership to the United Presbyterian church of Struthers, the successor of the church of his fathers at Poland Center. He has served as clerk of Coitsville township an'd all his life has been a staunch Republican. April 27, 1898, he married Mrs. Alice Ray Smith, of Youngstown, who is a member with him of the Struthers church. Their house is the happy resort of their "folks." Eightii-ieven W — VII —3. HOUSTON W. LOWRY, D. D. was born January second, 1854, at the home of his maternal grandfather, James Davidson, and to- his mother in her widowhood. He attended public school in the neigbborhood and in 1870 he began to prepare for college at Poland Union Seminary, rooming with Mart Kimmel at Aiint Mai-y McJSfab's. Winters after the first he taught country school, and in 1874 he was the first to be graduated from the new preparatory de- partment of the Poland institution. In the fall of the same year he en- tered Westminster College, New Wilmington, Pa., and finished the liberal arts course in 1878. The following school year he spent in Princeton Theological Seminary, and the remaining two years of the required course he took in the school of the prophets. The Western, in Allegheny, now North Side, Pittsburgh, Pa. He was licensed to preach by Mahoning presbytery in 18 80, and in 1881 after graduation at the seminary he was ordained by the presbytery of Kittanning and at the same time installed pastor of the Presbyterian church of Parker's Landing, Pa. Other pas- torates have been occupied since as follows: Wellsville, Ohio, 1885- 1898; Wooster, Ohio, 1898-1904; Akron, Ohio, 1904-1914. Beginning with the first of November, 1914, he has been in charge of the Southern Presbyterian church of Carlsbad, New Mexico. In 19 03 he was given the doctor's degree by the College of Wooster. June 14, 1882, he miarried Blanche Lee, born in Poland, the daugh- ter of Bernard 'F. Lee. She is a graduate of fhe Poland Union Seminary, the school founded by her father. She also attended Oberlin College, musical"^department, and she has been the light of The Manse always. W-VII-3-a Ralph Manifold Lowry, born in Youngstown, Ohio, at the home of his uncle and aunt. Dr. and Mrs. W. S. Matthews. He took his preparatory course in Wooster and spent two years in the .college. He studied specially in the college conservatory of music. Along with his musical interest he engaged in nev/spaper work. At present he is member and organist and choirmaster of St. John's Episcopal church, Hartford, Connecticut, and is executive secretary of the state chamber of commerce. He was married to Sue Falls, of Newcastle, Pa., Sept. 4, 1906, and they have two children: Jane Lee Lowry, born in New Castle, Pa. Frances Impy Lowry, born in Hartford, Conn. Eightu-eight W'-VII-S-b Bernard Ford Lowry, born in Parker's Landing, Pa. He is a graduate of Wooster Academy and finished the soph- omore year in the college. He then was admitted to Wil- liams College, Mass., and was graduated in 1906. In the meantime he engaged in business, but in 19 09 entered the medical department o f Western Re- serve University, Cleveland, Ohio, and after graduation he became interne and, later, resident surgeon of the local City Hospital. At present he is engaged in general prac- tice at Cleveland. He married, July 13, 1915, Jean Shafer, of Akron, Ohio, and they have one child: Margaret Ann Lowry, given November 14, 1916, taken May ninth^^l920. Her fair little body rests in Lakeview Cemetery,' East Cleveland. W-VII-3-C Jessie McDowell Lowry, born in Poland, Ohio, at the home of her grandfather. She studied in the conservatory of music at Wooster and after graduation at Akron high school took special studies for two years in Buchtel College, now Akron University. She then took the course in the Carnegie Library School, Pittsburgh, and served as chil- dren's librarian in Pittsburgh and Cleveland. For a year she was engaged in war-savings work in Hartford, Conn., and at present she is assistant to the manager in Clifton Club, Lakewood, Cleveland, Ohio. W-VII-3-d Pauline King Lowry, given at Wellsville, Ohio, February tenth, 1889, taken June nineteenth the same year at Po- land. There her body lies asleep in the family plot. Eighiy-nine w — vni. JAMES JOHNBON LOWRY was born April twenty-second, 1825. He was born, lived and died on the homestead farm at Lowellville. At the age of sixteen he took charge of the farm which was the support of his mother and sisters, and in 1847 received this farm from his father's estate. He was married August twenty-third, 184 9 to Margaret Smith. In 1874 he bought a second farm in Poland Township. He also acquired part of the Smith home- stead farm in Coitsville, and thus, as by his father before him, was to be provided a farm for each of his three sons. He engaged also in quarry- ing limestone in early days and later in coal mining, and served as admin- istrator, guardian, assignee and trustee of many estates. In politics he -was originally a Democrat but joined the Republican party upon its organization. He was trustee of Poland Township (1860- 18 61) and (18 64-18 67); was several terms member of the Lowellville Board of Education, and Justice of the Peace (1890-1893). He united (1847) with the Poland Center Church; was elected an elder (18 61), and was leader of the choir at Poland Center. He went by certificate (18 65) to the Mahoning Church, and was elected elder (1865) for life. He was superintendent (1867-1877) of the Sabbath School, after which he taught a Bible class for many years. In 189 3 he was commissioner from Beaver Valley Presbytery to the General Assem- bly at Monmouth, Illinois. He died May fifth, 19 08, and is buried in the Lowellville cemetery. MARGARET S^IITH wife of James J. Lowry, was born January third, 182 8. Her father was Hezekiah Smith and her mother was Elizabeth Shields (Smith), both of whom were descended from early pioneer families. She united with the Deer Creek Church on June seventeenth, 1848. After her marriage she went hy certificate to Poland Center Church and later with her husband to the Mahoning Church, where she was a con- stant attendant at the church services. She died February twenty-fourth, 1911, of heart trouble, and is buried in the Lowellville Cemetery. She was generous to her friends, charitable to those she deemed worthy, and intensely loyal to her family. A slight, but life long, val- vular trouble of the heart caused her to prefer retirement and quiet and to find her chief enjoyment of life in the seclusion of her own home. James J. Lowry and Margarel Smith (Lowry) had three sons: Ninetv w — VI^ — 1. WILLIAM ALONZO LOWRY was born February twenty-seventh, 1851. He attended the Poland Un- ion Seminary for several terms, and married, September thirteenth, 1877, Margaret Nessle Davidson, of Lowellville. After his marriage he lived for one year on the Davidson farm east of Lowellville and next on the Lowellville home farm, and then upon the Poland Township farm, which he received from his father, until 1898, when he retired and moved to Youngstown, Ohio, where he still resides. There is one daughter: W-VIII-1-a Lovinah Harriet Lowry, a graduate of Rayen High School was for some years in the general offices of the Youngs- town & Southern Railway Company, Youngstown, Ohio. At present she has place with a Youngstown bank. w — vin — a. SMITH LOWRY was born December fifteenth, 1854, and married December fourteenth, X876, Sallie Price, New Bedford, Pa. They lived on a part of the Lowellville home farm. He died May fifteenth, 1878, following a surgi- cal operation and is buried in the Deer Creek graveyard. His widow married, second, James C. MacNab, son of Robert Mac- Nab, of Pulaski, who is in the real estate and insurance business at New Castle, Pa. Ninetii-on: w — vin — 3. L. H. E. LOWRY was born January first, 18 63, and was unmarried. He prepared for col- lege (1880-1883) at the Western Reserve Preparatory School, Hudson, Ohio, attended (1883-1884) Adelbert College, Cleveland, Ohio, and was graduated (A. B. 1888) at the University of Michigan. He read law (1888-1889) in Youngstown with John H. Clarke, now justice in the supreme court of the United States, was admitted to the bar (1889) and practiced law afterward at Youngstown, Ohio. He was a member (1896-1912) of the Lowellville Presbyterian Church; trustee (1898-1908) of that congregation, and after 1912 was a member of the First Presbyterian Church, Youngstown, Ohio. He was a member of the Ohio State Bar Association; Past Master and Treasurer of Hillman Lodge No. 481 F. & A. M.; Past H. P. of Youngstown Chapter No. 9 3 R. A. M.; Junior Warden of Hiram Lodge, Scottish Rite; a member of St. John's Commandary No. 20 Knight Tem- plars, Youngstown, Ohio, and of Lake Erie Consistory, Cleveland, Ohio, and a director and chairman of the finance committee of the Masonic Temple Company. He was also a member of the Youngstown Club, and president of the Lowellville Savings & Banking Company, and was the owner of the Lowellville homestead farm. To his industrious interest the friends owe the Lowry annals. His health failed for some years, and August twelfth, 1917, in City Hospital, Youngstown, he passed away. Memorial service was conducted in the Masonic Temple, two orders of Masons participating and at his request Houston W. Lowry having charge for the church. His body was cremated, as he provided, and the ashes were laid beside the dust of his father and mother in Lowellville cemetery. NinetH-tii'o W — IX. ELIZABETH LOWRY was born November nineteenth, 1827, and was married September fifteen- th, 1853, to James Davidson Smith, a farmer at Villa Marie, Lawrence County, Pa. She was admitted to the Poland Center Church May eighth, 1847, and after her marriage transferred her membership to the Deer Creek Church. She was a small woman, having the characteristic brown hair and blue eyes of our family and is said to have been the beauty of the Lowellville family. She died November thirteenth, 18 6 6, and is buried in the Deer Creek graveyard. Some years after her death her widower married Eliziabeth Buchanan, Washington County, Pa., by whom he had two sons, Paul B. H. Smith, M. D., Lowellville, Ohio, and Thomas F. B. Smith, Presbyterian minister, York, Nebraska. James Davidson Smith and Elizabeth Lowry Smith had four sons: Nineti>-lhree W — IX — 1. JOHN Wn^LIAM SMITH was born January fifteenth, 1855, and married January first, 1897, Ella Buchanan, of Washington County, Pa. They resided until 1893, on a farm at Lawrence, Kansas, and then moved to the farm at Rea, Washing- ton County, Pa., on which he still resides. He joined, (1870) the Deer Creek Church, and is now a member of the Hickory United Presbyterian Church. Ella Buchanan Smith, died April twenty-second, 1912, and there is one son: W-IX-l-a James Leonard Smith, born March twelve, 1883, a graduate of Hickory (Pa.) High School and Eastman Business Col- lege, Pittsburgh, Pa., married Elsie Mabel Taggart( born January second, 1885) of Buffalo, Pa., Dec. 14, 1911, and is a farmer, Rea, Washington County, Pa. They have three children: William Kenneth MeBride Smith, born March 5, 1913. Matthew Maxwell Smith, born May 14, 1915. Ruth Kathleen Smith, born Jan. 17, 1919. U^inely-four W — IX — 2. ALBERT E. SMITH ■wa.s born July fifteenth, 1858, and married November twenty-fourth, 1885, Ida Evans, of Lawrence, Kansas. They live upon a farm at Law- rence, where he is engaged in horse and mule raising, and is Vice Presi- dent of the Kansas City Horse Stockyards. He was early a member of the old Deer Creek Church. W — IX — 3. ELLIS IR\1N SMITH was born May tenth, 18 61, and married November seventh, 188 3, Olive Elizabeth McCune, of New Castle, Pa. They lived on the home farm at Villa Marie, Pa. He and his wife were members of the Deer Creek and both of them sang in the choir for many years. He was killed October sixteenth, 1909, in a street railway accident at Covers Corners, Youngstown, Ohio. He left no children, and his wife Is now the wife of Rev. John W. Gealey, Stockton, California. Ninety-five W — IX — 4. JA^^ffiS LOWRY SMITH was born April fifteenth, 1865, and married, September second, 1896, Manie McClanalian, of O'Neil, Nebraska. He farmed in Kansas for two years and then went to Nebraslia, where he played base ball. He moved (1896) to Wilmot, South Dakota, and engaged in farming and three years later located a homestead at Summit, South Dakota, which home he still occupies. He has held the office of School Treasurer for several years. They have two daughters: "W-IX-4-a Olive Smith, a graduate of the Summit High School, Sum- mit, South Dakota. W-IX-4-b Hazel Smith, a student in the Summit High School, Sum- mit, South Dakota. Nineti>-'1x POLAND UNION SEMINABY In view of the frequent reference to Poland Union Seminary and of the educational advantages it served numerous members of the Lowry family in general some account may well ibe given of its life and work. The Seminary was situated at Poland village, two and a half miles from Poland Center. It was founded by Mr. B. F. Lee in his young man- hood, and as long as he lived it was thoroughly sustained. At the be- ginning it suffered and enjoyed rivalry, owing to a similar institution pro- moted across the creek by his brother Jacob, but there was a merger at length, and the combination had memorial in "Union" of the name. To its fostering care many a boy and girl were attracfed as a neigh- boring interest and in its halls were inspired to enter the loftier ranks of learning. Ministers, lawyers, physicians and teachers were the lavish harvest in the end, and finest material for their wives was discovered and enlisted with the academy acquaintance. A long catalog could be supplied of names enrolled in the school and, later, to become eminent in business and church and state. Among them, aside from the frequent Lowry, were Sexton, Kirtland, Hine, Mansfield, Morse, Nesbit, Cornelius, Kennedy, Matthews, but preeminent was William McKinley, president of the United States, and next to him, perhaps, was his appointee, William J. Calhoun, to investigate conditions in Cuba and recommend war with Spain, and later to serve as ambassador to China. Intimately associated with Mr. Lee in the life of the institution was the Rev. Algernon Sydney MacMaster, D. D., pastor of the Poland Presby- terian church. With his learning, kindliness and dignity he served ad- mirably as president of the board of trustees and committed it to the or- ganic care of Mahoning Presbytery. Nor was it the least advantage of the Seminary pupils away from home to come into personal friendship with him and to sit under his pulpit ministrations from Sabbath to Sab- bath. And Principals came and went, but Miss Eliza Blakelee held for a full generation, and to her personal quality and professional skill were to be traced deepest impression for good with all in her charge and their high standing out in the world. President McKin- ley testified that to her he ovv^ed more than to any other teacher. Po- land Union Seminary ceased, but the mission it accomplished will count favorably and forever. Ninetli-seven Ptnn^mng Htfip Sfauttlg ^ktttlftB Ninetg-elght THE OLD HOMESTEADS. "There is a plain old house in the hills, * *, overlooking the valley, * * * where truth and honor dwelt in my youth. When I go back, as I am about to go, to spend my declining years, I mean fo go with the feel- ing that I can say I have not failed to speak and to act in accordance with the lessons that I learned there from the God of my fathers." Likewise there were three conditions that formed the character of our ancestors and of ourselves: — the farm, the school and the church. U'tCw'tv-nin* PIONEER ANCESTORS The early generations of our American ancestors were farmers and their wives, the independent owners of their lands. They honored the creative intention and cultivated the life outdoors. They breathed the fresh air of the morning. From the plot known as "the clearing" they gathered wholesome food to satisfy their hunger. They quenched their thirst with the water from the underlying rock. With patience they endured the heat of summer and the cold of winter. They looked up to the starry heavens at night and turned to the refresh- ing sleep of a wearied body and a quiet conscience. Thus they had health to enjoy the natural favors of Providence. They had strength to brave the hardships inevitable to their life in the wilderness. Besides, they had common sense to look upon the realities of their lot with genuine appreciation and address its problems with hear- ty courage and good cheer. And when their lives were lived and their work done, they faded from the world, so many of them suffering only the natural infirmities of age and dying as the oak in the fullness of their years. They were little to be grieved for at their going. With them there was but happy transi- tion to the better life beyond. Goodness and mercy followed them all their days, and they were to dwell in the house of the Lord forever. One hundred THE LOG CABIN Their first habitation was a log cabin, and while they cleared the land and became settled in life it served them as good shelter. At length it yielded place to the log house for a home but survived as work- shop for the women folk. There the fruits of summer were dried for the winter table. There "Caper" traveled the continous web of the dog- churn. There were the spindles and reels for preparing the flax and the wool for the loom, and there the yarn was wroughT into home-spun and the rags into carpet. There the "mince and meat" was put into shape and storage for many a meal's rich desert, and the wicks strung on rods were dipped in molten tallow to issue from their frequent immersion finally as candles; and there the soap to become hard was shaped and left to dry. Our ancestors were a self-sufficient people. The log cabin lingers in the memory of some of us yet living, a dim painting in the twilight, a story kept from childhood, a link with sleepy prayer at bedside, but the builders of it and those who worked in it and, busy with their hands, brooded thoughts of generations to come and of heaven after all have gone back to their native dust or have passed on to wait for our coming in the Kingdom of the Father. One hundred and am THE liOG HOUSE The meager log cabin surrendered sooner or later to the big log house, occupying best location and forming a group with the barn and woodshed. It boasted a cellar with apple and potato bins, and some- where in a corner was the barrel with sweet cider. And there was an attic open to the roof, the delight of the children on a wet day. The rafters were hung with herbs medicinal, catnip with the rest, and often aside there was a chest of maple sugar. There was storage, too, for castoff things to be discovered later as heirlooms. Really the attic had a cinch on the cellar — in some ways. The main rooms on the first floor were, after all, the home. There was the kitchen productive of magic meals, and it often served as dining- room to be heated by the cooking stove. Accommodations certainly were provided pioneer appetite. Perhaps the sitting-room was best. There the social life of our people centered for the family and furnished set- ting for quilting bees, and if there was not a best room besides for par- ties and courtships and weddings and funerals there was plenty space for circles round the fireplace for popping corn and finis'hing a pail of apples with the evening. And there was the bedroom at right or left with great fourposters and the trundle-bed beneath. Feathers? A huge tick of them; and blankets and comforts and quilts! and a coverlet for style, woven at Cadiz and rare with shapes and tints of trees and birds and houses. Anyway it was home, /and it served as a kind of heaven. One hundred and Iwo THE HOUSE YARD Around the dwelling was the yard, where the bittersweet clambered to the top of the pine tree, and the morning glory twisted its many-color- ed beauty along the picket fence, and the oldfashioned roses with spring gave out brilliance and fragrance, and perhaps a bunch of ribbon grass or "spargrass" or of yellow or purple flags in bloom decked the rich turf. Our ancestors were fond of the beautiful things of nature. Behind the house was the back yard, dotted with the bakeoven and ashhopper, and across its surface many a fat porker took the fatal jour- ney from the pen to the smokehouse. There many a gay young rooster suffered sacrifice to hospitality, and the bee-gum yielded dividends of sweet clover honey. And there were glimpses at the rear of the gor- geous peacock or fussy guinea fowl. Trees certainly added their rich setting to the scene. There was possibly a hedge of privet at front or side. And surely there were arbor- vitae or hemlock or spruce or elm about to soften the glare of the sun and serve as harps or viols or trumpets for the wind to play on or to rest the eye. How much it meant with nooning in harvest time to loll in the shade or get glimses of the blue beyond! The yard with any other feature of the home meant life. fine hcndi'ec! an.l three THE GARDEN Over the picket fence was the garden through which a path, border- ed by pinks and hollyhocks and sweet Williams, and by the flower which turns its face to the sun as our ancestors turned their hearts toward God, led down among the cabbage plants and "salad" beds and the "cowcum- ber" vines and the rhubarb patch to the lilac bush by the barnyard gate. Our ancestors had no need of a fruit garden, for the blackberry and raspberry grew wild among the stumps; and the elder bush took possession of the rail fence corners; the dewberry crept out over the hillside; the wild strawberry was to be liad for the picking, and the huckleberry flour- ished in the swamps on the water-sheds, but the blacksnake stretched himself on the "stony batter," and the venomous copperhead lurked in the brambles as the "snake in fhe grass" has done in gardens from time im- memorial. The garden is well enough as field for survey at fhe distance of long years, but there were doubtless boys at the time to take it as sug- gestive of anything except the original Eden, Weed-pulling was no pic- nic, and when the labor was accompanied by the beat of a blazing sun only the reward of early peas or berry shortcake or buttered roasting ears could soften the memory. One handred and four THE ORCHARD On the other side of the house was the orchard, where the thieving robin risked his life in the black cherry tree, and the blue jay quarrelled with his neighbors generally; where the apple trees were splendid with their blossoms in the spring time and more splendid with their harvest of fruit, recalled best as brown Russets and greasy Pippins and striped Rambos and golden Gates and Rhode Island Greenfngs. There were heaps to be gatnered under the branches, and while the inferior speci- mens were hauled to the cider mill the best were "holed" for winter or put into the cellar. Peaches were not altogether wanting, but from visit of frost or blight of bug they were an uncertain crop. Plums, Damson with the rest, perhaps in the dooryard, and pears; yes, pears Seckle or Bartlet lent variety and wealth to the harvest. Out in the clearing was the wild cherry to stain cheeks and pucker mouths, and the crabapple famous for bloom or preserves vied with the red plum for jelly, and the wild grape covered the dogwood with leaves to change from green to crimson and purple, and the hazel bushes in the angle of the rail fence lurked with tiny treasures for the happy boy; and the walnut tree at the head of the lane tempted him to tan his fingers a thorough brown. Nature all round was lavish with benefits. Onehundred and five THE OLD BAHN Not far from the house was the old log barn, flanked by the sheep sheds and the slatted corn cribs, in front of which the men pitched horse shoes and the children played "hop scotch" in the dusty road. On the big barn floor the sheep were sheared, the flax was scutched, the rj'^e was flailed, and the buckwheat and the barley were threshed by the trampling feet of horses. There were "chores" to do at the barn. The cows had to be brought home when the rising sun glistened on the morning dew and again at the sunset milking time. "Bill" and "Charley," the work team must be watered and fed and curried at foddering time and the stables cleaned and the stalls bedded with fresh straw, for our forefathers were merciful to their beasts. But there were eggs to be hunted in the barn, and the swallows with nests planted high overhead flitted about. The youngsters, too, found best resort among the mows and mangers for playing "hide and seek" and other indoor games as old as childhood. And they climbed the ladders and walked the dizzy beams and hung by the rafters. Their surplus energy had to be worked off somehow, and the barn was early gymnazium to be kept in happy review always. One hundred and six THE HOMESTEAD FARM From the barnyard, where the gobbler spread his tail, a lane ran back to the woods out of which "Buck" and "Berry" sledded crosscut logs to the mill, whose upright saw was driven by a waterwheel. At the end of the lane was a pasture where "Old Brindle" grazed and chewed her cud among the "johnny-jump-ups'^. Along the lane ran the cultivated fields. The corn rustled in the sultry air. The beardy wheat headed out and turned yellow for the sickle. The clover grew red with blos- soms and became the domain of the warrior bumble-bee, who put bare- legged invaders to flight. The timothy meadow waved in the breeze and the bob-o-link sang himself out of the sky to perch on the goldenrod. The sweated farmers swung the cradle and the scythe in many a race to cut their swath to the far side and back to the buttermilk can. There were "litle shavers" to keep the supply of drink plenty, and they learned at length to rake the rows and bind the sheaves. And when the light- ning zigzagged from the storm-cloud many a last load was jolted along the lane with the horses speeded to a trot or even run and in a narrow es- cape from the wind and rain of the thunder shower was pulled up clat- tering upon the floor of the barn. One hundred and »even THE WILDERNESS It was not all a life of toil with our early folk. Beyond the farm was the wilderness where they found utility along with their sport. At the edge of the clearing was the sugar camp where the sap drip- ped from the maple into troughs and with the use of oxen and a sled and barrel found its way to kettles for boiling down. And who can forget the "stirring off night" and the taffy dipped from the mass with a wooden spoon and cooled and hardened in the snow and then pulled white for a flavor and consistency too fine for words? And when a big run was on and the boiling went with night there were eggs to be sneaked from the barn, and even a hen was sure to be claimed for sacrifice, and relief of appetite was furnished with fowl feast. Deer browsed along the creeks or haunted the saltlicks. The gray squirrel foraged among the shellbarks and proved tempting as game. After frost and wind chestnuts lay thick under the spreading tree. The pheasant whirred through the hemlock thickets along Pine Hollow, and the bobwhite lurked within the grain stubble and raised his whistle. The wild duck loitered along the streams, and the wild pigeons in the semi-annual flight fairly clouded the air above with their host, and the wild geese with their orderly procession honked their way well out of gun-shot reach. And there was the river to be dimpled at the evening dusk with leaping bass and perch. What were all the sights and sounds but rare enchantment? One hundred and eight THE DISTRICT SCHOOL Our fathers and mothers went to school for any winter term and found it a kind of vacation from summer toil. But it was not all fun. There was the stout beech gad to enforce discipline, and one qualification of the teacher was a stout arm with nerve. Sometimes there was rebel- lion, and he was barred out for good behavior or a candy treat. But there was many a superior specimen to board round by the day or week and make life-friends in tTie families; and prepare for college and the ministry or law or medicine, earning his way winters and keeping on with his studies as he might. With his kind he was instrumental in forming the very backbone of our American democracy. School really meant work. Reading, writing and arithmetic made enough. The Bible served long as textbook for elocution and literature, but at last it was reserved for morning devotions with prayer, and Mc- guffy and his kind came into service, speller and all. For writing there was only the quill pen, and there were instructions in the Western Calcu- lator, containing the rule of three, and with its help the pupils learned to figure out anything from the pitch of a roof to the tonnage of a hay- stack . With recess or noon besides any lunch there were games. The girls played, circling and singing, and the boys splashed -along the creek or engaged in three-old-cat or prisoner's base. And there was banter with a stick on one fellow's shoulder and a dare to another, and the bat- tles of life were often practised in front of the school house — or behind. Truly there was preparation for service, and a good account was given later. Onehundred and nine THE NEIGHBORHOOD Our pioneers nei/ghbored ("morrowed," in their word) and gather- ed at log rollings and barn raisings and at huskings, where a red ear ear took the place of mistletoe at Christmas. Card playing, theatrical shows and promiscuous dancing were strictly tabood as on the broad way to perdition, and even circuses were looked on with grave suspicion. Preferences were given spelling bees and singing schools and literary so- cieties, combining instruction with sociability, and there were parties for the young folks allowing for generous, happy informality. And there were monthly prayer-meetings, the social worship sandwiched between interests not at all devotional. They tilted over the snow drifts in the big sled or plouted through the mud on horse back for an all day visit and a chicken dinner at some old homestead, where the latch string was always out. The women washed the fine old brown ware dishes, and over their knitting, gossiped mildly about the young man who was waiting on "Peggy." The men looked the steers over and talked crops. Seated on the oak settee and in the calico covered rocking chairs, they spoke of the widow and the orphan and those under affliction and help was given as help was needed; for our ancestors were good neighbors. One hundred and ten THE WEDDING But it took the wedding to bring personal treasures out of the wal- nut bureau. There were the plug hat and the long or even swallow- tailed coat, reserved for high occasions and odorous of camphor. And there were the gold bracelets and earrings and shell combs and cameo breastpins and, perhaps, a locket with a chain, and there were the silk dresses retained from other, original wedding days. The ceremony was simple, and it was usually conducted at the home of the bride. The day following there was an "infare" given at the home of the groom. Gayety and feasting abounded, and many an inno- cent joke was perpetrated upon the happy pair. Sooner or later, (spe- cially sooner) there was the impromptu and unwelcome serenade. Guns and tin pans and dinner horns and cowbells and other instruments of torture were included, but the main weapon was a horsefiddle. It was made out of a big store box keyed up with ropes and played with a resin- ed scantling across the open edges, and it was enough to raise the dead. The band was composed of any uninvited to the wedding, and there was no escape from their nuisance except with a treat. Last of all in the series of marital events the bride and groom "made their appearance". The interest took place on the Sabbath fol- lowing the ceremony, when the newly wedded couple in their bridal ar- ray appeared at church, coming late and marching in state along the main aisle and occupying a front seat and for the time distracting attention even from the sermon. All that remained was to settle down serenely to the joys and sorrows of iheir homestead life. Once joined, to be sure, only death put them asunder. Om hundrtd and eleoen FAMILY WORSHIP Each day was opened and each day was closed with family worship. A Psalm of David was sung; ,a chapter from Holy Scripture in its order was read, and in the posture of kneeling a prayer was offered up to the Heavenly Father. No meal was served without the blessing asked and thanks returned. Our forbears were a devout ^people. The standards of their religious life were the inspired word of God; the Westminster Confession, studied as a system of comprehensive, un- changeable doctrine; the Shorter Catechism, learned by heart and recited regularly Sabbath evenings, and the book of Government and Discipline to be honored with strict observance as a means of conserving the King- dom of Heaven. And there were the periodic visits of the pastor to in- sure that religion be vital with the family. Christmas and Easter were not in the almanac of our forefathers, but they remembered the Sabbath day to keep it holy. They lived per- ceptibly in the atmosphere of the Old Covenant faith and practice and along with any love of God regarded him with reverential fear. A search of old book cases resulted in finding copies of the Psalms in va- rious versions and covers, Baxter's Saints' Best, Boston's Fourfold State, Young's Night Thoughts, Josephus, Pilgrim's Progress, Matthew Henry's Commentaries, but only in the more recent'' days did fiction appear as Un- cle Tom's Cabin, and any life of Christ had to wait till present genera- tions for available copies. One hundred and twelve PUBLIC WORSHIP The old forest church with its bough-covered "tent" and its log- hewed seats where our early people met unfailingly for worship has dis- appeared almost from the horizon of imagination. Even the simple frame sanctuary exists only in vague remembrance of its lofty pulpit, oc- cupied by the minister, and of the singing clerks in front to line out the Psalms and pitch the tunes with a fork and lead the congregation and have accompaniment of motley tones from sturdy youth to uncertain old age, from deep bass to high tenor. Organs were unknown; or if known, their use was forbidden. Prayer was Scriptural and fervent, always com- prehensive of pardon for sin and consecration to service and mindful of the sick and afflicted and of the world without God and hope. But the sermon was the main interest, and it was not more doctrinal than inter- minable and was brought home to hearts at the close with strict applica- tion and appropriate prayer. But worship was little over with the single session. There was wel- come "intermission." The people retired to shady nooks and fed the horses and spread the cloth and from the generous basket provided a sort of sacred picnic, for the small fry the happiest feature of the day. Per- haps they visited seriously in groups, but there was surely resort to the spring. It was the one promiscuous proceeding of the day. A line of approach was formed, and a pair of gallants served to dip from the cool depths and pass out cups to the waiting procession. Glances and smiles and even words were exchanged, and intimacies were budded to ripen later into matrimonial harvest. Afternoon worship followed, differing only from its antecedent per- haps with a shorter sermon. There was the closing benediction with its hush of peace, and there was hut the homeward journey with the declin- ing sun to deepen the impression of the day. One hundred and thirteen COMMUNION SEASON The Communion season was observed as a mountain-top ocoasion It began with "Fast Day" on Thursday, excluding worldly employment and recreation, limiting indulgence in food and requiring attendance a't church and closed with meeting Monday to baptize infants and worship with a touch of relaxation. On Saturday wias the strictly preparatory meeting. The session convened to examine candidates for membership or receive them from other churches, and a thorough inventory of faith and piety was conducted. After sermon the prospective communicants moved in order before the pulpit and received from the hand of the minister "tokens", preserving practice from the days of persecution in Scotland and entitling holders to a seat next day at the Lord's table. But Sabbath was the high day. The attendance was sure to be large, and the interest intense. After sermon the minister took his place on a level with the people and with the elders at their convenient stations invited communicants to share the Sacrament, and with warning for un- worthy professors to avoid eating and drinking damnation he "fenced the tables." Then a Psalm was announced, and as it was sung the members came forward as families, parents leading and sons and daughters follow- ing in the order of their ages. As they were seated, the tokens were col- lected from secure vestpockets or knotted handkerchiefs; the prayer of consecration was offered over the elements; the cubes of unleavened bread and the cup as several goblets were passed, and an exhortation was deliv- ered. Then the tables were emptied and filled anew till all were served, and even mere witnesses, youthful as many were, received impressions to make for godliness evermore. One hundred and fourteen THE BURIAL CHURCHYAKD When eyes grew dim and hearts beat slow and faint none were neg- lected. They had friends to sit by or wait with tender hands for service, neighbors at the last or children to relieve loneliness and pain, to attend them to the valley and leave the Good Shepherd to go with them all the way. And as breath was gone and rest given they were shrouded by friends and covered with the homely bloom of the house garden. And watchers waited through the night, not always serious as the atmosphere of the room apart, and enjoying a feast within the long hours. On the day of the funeral, invariably at the home as with weddings, Psalms were sung with the Twenty-third ever included; a sermon was preached as memorial of the dead or appeal to the living; a prayer was lifted to Heaven for grace to bear the bereavement and learn good from every providence; in solemn procession the neighbors viewed the body, leaving the family for a little at the last with their precious dust; the lid was closed, and friend- ly hands carried the coffin along the front way to the ready hearse. The drive to the burial was conducted with the horses held to a walk and through a neighborhood hushed as on the Sabbath. The grave had been dug by volunters, and the body was lowered with the respect or pain of silence. Then came the words of committal, if any, and there was the invariable 'benediction. Sorrow had surest expression with the thud of clods upon the box below, but it was restrained by unfaltering belief in the resurrection through Jesus Christ to immortality. A stone appeared at length above he spot, and it bore name with dates of birth and death and possibly a verse of Scripture, but Father Time and Mother Nature have covered the mounds with the green grass, the bonnie briar and the wild rose, fitted better than monument of granite to mark the last resting place of the pioneer. One hundred and fifteen THE CONCLUSION The main characteristics of our ancestors were good health, comnaon sense, neighborly kindness, strict morals and abiding faith, and, of a truth, as the Psalmist says: — "More to be desired are these things than gold. Yea, than much fine gold. Sweeter are they than honey and the honey comb. Moreover, by these things is thy servant judged And the keeping of them is our great reward." One hundred and sixteen THE GOOD-BYE The writer of these sketches will be content if they will serve to bring back to your minds the thousands of sweet .and tender memories which are known only to yourselves and therefore could not be written here. L. H. E. L. One hundred and seventeen THI» BOOK WAS PRINTED IN THE BOOK AND JOB OFFICE CARLSBAD Current CARLSBAD. NEW MEXICO One hundred and eighteen