^ F 157 .W9 P69 Copy 1 r 0f'^ 'f§M Q. i CENTENNIALS ONE HUNDREDTH AMMVEKiiAKY UE IHE BATTLE AND MASSACRE OF WYOMING. ooisTTj^iisriisra- A Complete Historical Sketch of Wyoming Valley with Illustrations and Portraits, Descriptions of Points of Interest in the Vicinity, Statis- tics showing the Wonderful Progress of the Valley during the Past Century, atid its Prospective Greatness, together with the Order of Exercises of the Centennial Anni- versary of the Historic Struggle which has made NA/yoming famous throughout the Worid. PITTSTON, PA. GAZETTE PRINT. 187S. FJSI ^^ I know no way of judging the future but by the past'^ — P. Henry. Study the statistics given on another page. Apply the above rule, and ihen try to imagine the possibilities, or, rather, the probabilities of the future of the Wyoming Valley. The policy of shriveling up values by the effort to make gold alone do the work of gold, silver and paper money having been aban- doned, it is now time to study the situation and act wisely with reference to the future. The question that now interests everybody is, has the shrinkage in values ceased ? Have the bottom prices been reached ? Now stop croak- ing. We are at the end of the panic of 1873. From this time forward look for values to enhance. There will be no further contraction of the currency, and, consequently, no further contraction of prices. By September ist, 1878, all the bankrupts will have reported. Hitherto many manufacturers and oth- ers have been selling a dollar's worth of goods for fifty cents, and making their profit by settling with creditors for twenty-five cents on the dollar. No in- ducements of that kind hereafter. Now buy— buy anything that will not spoil in sixty days, unless it b2 four per cent, bonds at par. Buy personal property. Buy houses. Buy farms. Buy stocks of merchandise. Buy timber tracts. Buy good machinery. Buy stores. Buy where can you buy what you want for the least money. If you want real estate or securities ; if you want a farm, a town site, a truck farm, a mill, a store, a residence, good-renting property, a stock of goods, or, if you want bank stock, bridge stock, mortgages, borough bonds, water stock, gas stock, bridge bonds, or almost any other investment, call on G. B. Thompson, at his office in the First National Bank building, Pittston, Pa. He pays particular attention to titles and security of invest- momts, and claims never to have had a lawsuit grow out of any of his very numerous transactiofns. Now for business ! BURSCHEKS dOii^:i^i£:iFi! THE MOST POPULAR I.\ PITTSTOX OiHiosite the Sutler House, Allen & Boslock, GROGERYg PROVISION DEALERS 38 North Main St., rittston, Pa. a specialty. YOU WILT^ KIISTD A.T G. F. S. £_^^ 'S, THE BEST STOCK OF IPI S'l'lB^iQ AID CtEHTS' FUEHISSraa GOODS TO SE IFOTJITID IInT 1= I T T S T O InT • *MidM No. 42 North Main Street, J^" Ladies' Sacques Cut and syiade to Order. S13:A.FiM:EY, JVb. o^ South Main Street, Pittstou, Fejm'a, Paper, Window Shades AWD JfAINTEBS' SUPPLIES. THE FINEST LINE OF Hotur$ Frames, Mirrors and Wahut Brackets in the Valley, fi^" Always in stock — Handsome Chromes and Engravings, Stereoscopes and Views, Glass Shades and AYax (for Wax Work), Stationery, &c. >S®- AN INSPECTION OF STOCK AND PRICES IS SOLICITED =i2a (I) BEAR HALL. 3&\ THE ONLY RELIABLE, FASHIONABLE AND DEALER IN TBDNKS. VALISES, SHAWL STRAPS AND UMBRELLAS, No. 4 SonLtli Main Street, B3g^ T»i'iiice and peasant served alllte — OIVEl PPtldU and no deviation. At S. Y. RICHARDS' Corner Main & Water Sts., over Kyle's Ilat Store, PITTSTOSr, PEBTBf' A., is the best T)]ace to get first-class RETOUCH- ED rilOTOGKAPHS. A trial will convince you. ^S^ GIVE ME A CALL. General Blacksmithing. WAGON AND CARRIAGE IRONING a Bpecialty. JS^McKnae & Fitzpatrick'a old stand. \VEST END, PJTT8T0N, Pa. J. S. SICKLER, Dealer in G-roceriesd^ Provisions West End, Pittston. ^^®~ Country Produce a specialty. MRS. M. A. JONES, lV6HlSMa Headquarters for TOYS & FANCY OOODS 123 So. Main St., pittston, pa. (2) ^VEST PITTSTON Linden Street, near Graded School, West Pittston, AI,L FAf IB aii PAIlFf IBS' SIPPLIIS, COACH VARNISH AND MASURY'S COLORS, M00I MmgrmwirngM^ School Books, Stationery, and Brackets. Headquarters Fop i Ml ^® WREATH AND WAX WORK FRAMES ALWAYS IN STOCK FANCY GOODS, SILK VELVET PASSPERTOUTS, TOYS, FIREWORKS, &c. The VERY LOW PRICES at which Mr. Chumard is doing the finest work in PICTURE FRAMING, explains the great popularity of the I j^Vest Pittston Store, whose principal advertisement is its superior work distributed over a large territory. CALL AND SEE FOR YOURSELF. E. M. CHUMARD, Post Office, PITTSTON, PA. i (3) Manufacturers of and Dealers in &j§fi mQsfi WiiQsii 42 SO. MAIM ST., PITTSTON,FA. 87 West Side PiMic Square, Wilkes- Barre, Pa Minis, llOilllOS, Ifllf 1011 BTj-^r iro'ws. 16 PI Jy LIE! ) .A-T- S &Sil ''M MONTGOMERY ST, WEST PITTSTON. fi@" Fresh Country Produce received DaiByi for which be Market Prices are Paid. 11 JlS; M^] %J^ ^^^^ ^ja^ v-v-v • 1 131 North Main M., MUston, JPa. Bar supplied with the best brands of Cigars, and Imported Wines and Liquo DRAUGHT LAGER ALWAYS ON TAP. Also Collector, Cashier and Treasurer of , (4) .J" i ESTABLISHED 1866. ^^Li^ Smokers and Jobbers of OVIJBIO WATER & CRON STS„^PITTSTON, PA. CORN EXCHANGE. ff^^^'^sssn^y^ "Wholesale ond Retail DeaUrs ia « ^ ^ bs ^13! ii i ur ^'^- ^~ -■^~ i. -♦.- A i- A ft w m ^j FLOUR, FEED, HA.Y, &c., 110 North Main Street, PITTSTON, PA J. D.WILLIAMS, Manufacturer aiei'io3:" U I IP' €^ ^' f S 111 ""T^^J ^(T^ M0W In White and Scarlet. mrM. Ave., W0Bt FMtBi^wM^^ E 1 SELLING AGENTS ; 4S ^' 4S White St., J^EW YORK. (8) G. DAVID, a. No. 41 SOUTH MA IN ST. Call and examine our stock of Ready-Made Clothing. We can give you a GOOD SUIT for LESS MONEY than any other clothing house in the Valley. Remember the place — 41 So. Main Street. CALL AMB CONVINCE YOUSSELF, s&r Our Goods all Warranted as represented. Nos. 127 and 129 North Main Street, Conducted on European Plan. PITTSTON, PA. BAR SUPPLIED WITH BEST BRANDS ALES, LIQUORS AND CIGARS. TERMS 3I0DERATE. ¥.. M. SINCLAIR, Prop'r. J. tl. BliOTV ]V, ILLEB, STONE .^IILL, ISlorth Main St. PITTSTON, Pa. GETHING HOUSE, L k B. JUNCTION. WM.GETHING Prop'e. 4®~ GxeoUent accommodatioas and conveni- ent to the Depot. T. W, HAINES, mw^- id J, M^ 'kl um 32 Railroad Streets PiTTSTON, Pa.' BlaclsmilliiVetefinafy Surgeon 30 YEARS IN THE BUSINESS. Horses' Diseased Feet a Specialty* Mill St., Near Ferry Bridge, pitts to ¥, pa, (9) JAMES SEATTLE, Dealer ia WAKHEULOCKSiJEWELIi! C!or. Main & Water Sts., Pittston, Pa. J8®" ENGRAVING A SPECIALTY."®* F.BRANDENBURG, 147 SO. M.\IN STREET, PITTSTON, PA. GROCEE, 355 N. Main St. PITTSTON. S, Groceries and Provisions, 261 So. Main St. Pittston, Pa. Geo. Butler, The "Old Reliable" Barber 224 So. Main St., Pittston, Pa. SteiasfliryjlaiLayiii GEO. J. LliE'WEI.IiYN, Yard and Shop just above Ferry Bridge, Pittston, Pa. B. J. DURKIN, C3- K; O O E ;e?; 227 South Main Street, PITTSTON, PA. H. J. SCOTT, S'ashicnakle Barkr and Hairdresser, SODA WATER, ALL THE P0PUL.4R FLAVORS, At WILLIS BRENTON'S JDrmg Store^ Water Street, PITTSTON, PA. J. J. GhALLAGMIEIi, BOTTLER B.nd. mauufacturer of Fancy TemperanceDrlnks Railroad Street, near Main, PITTSTON, PA. ' S, Y. RICHARDS, ' IceCrgaiGariiaiflParlors, Cutler Cottage, Main St., pittston, pa. Wholesale Dealer in Opp;, L. V. Depot, Pittston, Pa. 17 North 5th St, Cor. Commerce, Philadelphia. 1). T. HATFIELD, a- ISy O C E K; (Gazette Building) PITTSTON, PA. HARRIS BROWN, Barber and Hairdresser, Under Eagle Hotel, Pittston. (10) WM. O'MALLET, BtriLDEE & COKTBACTOE, PITTSTON, PJl, Contracts for Brick and Stone Work a specialty. JORDAN, Dealer in 205 Market Street, WILKES-BARRE, PA. Fruits, Vegetables, Fish, OYSTERS, CLABViS, &c., Wholesale & Retail. Cor. Northamptou & Washington Sts., WILKES-BARRE, Pa. CHAS. A, LINNEKIN, ;139 Main Street, WILKES-BARRE, Pa. i8®" Ladies' and gents' Felt and Straw Hals changed to ihe latept styles. W#^r#2SS:J$JlT^ DR. C. M. WILLIAMS, DENTIST, 7 North Main St., Pittston. B^- ALZ WOIiK WATlJtANTED. BRYCE R. BLAIR, SHOVEL, SPADE, mj I mi m} MANUFACTURER, WyomingShovel Works, Wyoming, Luzerne Co., Pa. No. 9 MAIN STREET, PITTSTON, PA. C3~ Solid Silver and Gold Goods a Specialty. HO^VELL & KING, BREWERS OP AND Celebrated XXXX Ales, FITTSTOK, PA. EAGLE HOTEL, pittstox, pa., In the Business Centre of the City JULIUS SCOTT Peop'r. OOOD SA9IPI.B ROO)n. Roofing- a Specialty. None but first-class goods kept in stock, which will be sold at the very low- est prices for cash. Our Tinware we warrant to be the best in the county. Our work is all done under our personal supervision and warranted to be as represented. B^^We have secured the agency for the celebrated "Pride of the East" Churn. W. S. WHINTON'S HUNLOCK & HARRIS, All kinds of work In their line at lowest llvlu<,^ rates. MOHUMEMTAL WGHK a specialty. COJtNER MILZ & MAIN STnJ<:ETS, (opposite Ferry Bridge) PITTSTON, PA. I iiej £) ij 1 i # iji:.0t0)gjt'il|3-ttjeiV 7 NORTH MAIN ST., PARLOR SALOON, Sign of the Keg, 6G So. Main Street, PITTSTOX, PA.. Finest Imported Wines and Liquors. PARSLOW & HESTOR, 26 So. Main St., Pittston. Jg®"" Parly and Dress Suits a specialty. >^#| nttston., Pa. Jolm li.obissoii, ToNSORiAL Artist, 6.5 South Main Street, Pittston. Pleasant Booms and First-class Workmen. no North Main St., PITTSTON, PA. AHLBORN BROS., jSIanufaetiirers of all kindu of Soap artd Candles, Cor. Canal and Northampton Sts,, WILKRS-BAKRE, Pa. a. L. PALMER, HA TTER cO FURRIER 134 Market Street, WILICK3-HARRE, PA. (12) YOST S> L UTTO^r, Editors and Puhlishers. The Press has a large and increasing circulation. It is delivered by carriers in the Borouglis of Pittston, West Pittscon, Pleasant Valley, and the city of Scranton, at 10 CENTS A WEEK. GORDON'S mm 3ttl| 140 NORTH MAIN ST., 0pp. Butler House. Pittston, !Pa. -8S-ALL KINDS OF PRINTING AT LOWEST LIV- ING RATES. PUBLISHED SIMULTANEOUSLY IN SCRANTON, WILKES-BARRE AND PITTSTON. Everywhere spoken of as the hest Sunday news- paper ever published in this section of the State. Per AnDum, by mail $200 By Carriers (in Scranton, Wilkes-Barre and Pit tston) 2.50 Single Copies 5 cts. J8@^ Specimen Copies Sent FREE to Any Address. (13) DR. A. KNAPP, OIEIIBT, 32 NORTH MAIN .ST., PITTSTON, PA., DEALER IN PATENT MEDICINES, HORSE MEDICINES, DYE STUFFS, OILS, PERFUMERY, GARDEN SEEDS, BONE MEAL AND OTHER FERTILIZERS, Sole proprietor of the WYOMING CENTENNIAL POULTRY POWDER, for the prevention and cure of the various diseases incident to Poultry or Barn Yard Fowls. This valuable Powder is the best known in the market. Be sure and ask for the " Wyoming Centennial Poultry Powder," and take no other. Price 20 cents a package. » €^^ Manufacturer of all kinds of 'SE^'R.J.NTTmGr F^ 62 Inch Cylinder Machine. Capacity 3000 lbs. per 24 hours. Pittston, Pefin^a: A. B. ROMMEL, FLORIST & GARDEN G-ROA^ER OW ^LL KINDS OF m. mm immft m^ B^ GREEN HOUSES AND GARDENS— West Side Sus- quehanna River, above West Pittston, opposite Campbell's Ledge. JP. O. ADDJtJESS—TITTSTOJf, FA. FRANK ROCKAFELLEE, Wholesale and Retail Dealer In TOBACCO AND CIGARS, i33NorthMain St., Pittston, Pa. H. C, BERLEW, Constable, WEST PITTSTON, PA. J. D. GREEN, Dealer in GENERAL MERCHANDISE, WYOMING, Pa. W. F. PIER, M. D., WYOMING, PA. Office at Wilson's DrugStQre. Ofpicb Howbs : From 10 to 12 k. M. 2 to 4 P. M. (14) te' ffli ^E ALL KINDS OF FRESH FISH, Foreign and Domestic Fmits and Vegetables I3Sr SE.A.S03Sr 3DDS^^XJEI^ in^ • m.%L m m '•9 i^-ix^ei^rosf, WM,, e:s:celsioi^ POULTRY ER. Try it— Best in Market Manufactured by L. M. STROH, West End Dnig Store. FOR SALE EVERYWHERE, W. A. STEINMEYER, No- 31 SO. MAIN STREET, PITT8T0N, PA. ^^ Wholesale and Ketail Dealar, GEO. SMITH'S Billiard Parlors AND SALOON, People's Bank Building, North Main St., PITThTO?f, PA. Four fine Griffith Tables. Best Brands of Wines, Liquors and Cigars. Dealer in General Merchandise WINES AND LIQUORS AT WHOLESALE. 126 A 128 South Main St., PITTSTON, Pa. (15) \ &c. ijiii...ni..i p mi.« i » . ..i. ^nTT.Trj-.ai ii.i. — iii.-m ■■■»Hall^lJUMJlln.^ll^l^■t;^'^^p^l^■^ll A full and complete stocli in every department, at prices that ivill convince every one that we are f\\ I ■c^Ji LINDSAY & LIDDLE 119 Wyoming Avenue, 9 Xf JLt BRANCH STORE AT 1 1 North Main Street, PiTTSTON, Pa. (i6) w YOMING V ALLEY. A SKETCH OF ITS EARLY ANNALS. {^Compiled from Isaac A. Chapnafi^s History of Wyoming.'] "TTTYOMING is the final corruption of Maugh/im-vanie, signi- fying, in the dialect of the Delaware Indians, " large flats without trees " — in ihe "Mingo" or Iroquois dialect, SgnhontO' tcanno, meaning the same. Indian traditions make the ancestors of the "Delawares" to have come from the Northwest. They displaced the "Allegenni," whom they found in possession, and occupied the country from the Hudson to the Potomac. The " Shawanese " came from the South, settled on the Wabash river, and subsequently divided, part remaining there and part coming to Wyoming. The ''Nan- ticokes came from Maryland and settled in the lo"ver end of the valley. These tribes all willingly or unwillingly acknowledged the dominion of the Six Nations, or confederacy of New York In- dians which embraced the Oneidas, Oaondagas, Senecas, Cayugas, Mohawks and Tuscaroras. When William Penn purchased the Delaware title to the lands below the Kitatiany or Blue Mountain, he made inquiry after •other titles and subsequently learned that the Six Nations claimed them. A council was therefore called, which met at Philadelphia in 1742. The result of this council was the expul- sion of the Delawares from the country below the mountains and their settlement in and about Wyoming. Soou after this event the " Grasshopper War" broke out between the Shawanese and the Delawares. This resulted in the expulsion of the former from the Valley, leaving the Dela- wares in possession. . The French having built a chain of fortresses along the western frontier, succeeded in win- ning to their interests the Shawanese and Delawares. This led to a council at Easton, in "which a treaty of peace was concluded between the Governor of Pennsylvania, on the one hand, ^nd Tedeuscund, sachem of the Delawares, on the other. Subsequently, another grand council was held at the same place, in which all the Indian tribes of New York and Pennsyl- vania were represented, and the peace was confirmed by a general treaty in the year 1753. After this brief review of Indian history of Wyoming, we now come to its "white" history. To understand this, it is necessary to glance at the several charters from the British Crown. March 3, 1620, King James I. gave a charter, called theTlymouth Charter, embracing the territory in America between the fortieth and forty-eighth parallels of north latitude, and run- ning through to the South Sea or Pacific Ocean. The Plymouth Company conveyed their rights to the Duke of Warwick, who in turn transferred them to Lords Say, Seal and Brook, in 1631. Under these noblemen Connecticut was settled, and the Colony acquired the title in 1644. The Dutch, however, had discovered the Hudson river, and taken possession of th3 adjacent territory, as far up as Albany, in 1614. The General Court at Hartford now ad- dressed a petition to the King, and on the 23d of April, 1662, His Majesty granted a charter to 1 8 EARLY HISTORY OF WYOMING. the Colony of Connecticut., embracing "all the territory bounded north by the south line of Massachusetts, south by the sea, and running on the line of the Massachusetts Colony to the- South Sea." March 12, 1664, King Charles II. granted a patent to the Duke of York, and on Novem- ber 28, 1683, a mutual survey, jointly made by the Colony of Connecticut and the Province of New York, and confirmed by both parties (24th February 1685,) fixed the western boundary of Connecticut at a point twenty miles east of the Hudson liver. Thus it will be seen that the- Connecticut Charter, two years older than the Duke of York's, embraced the territory between the present parallels of Connecticut, continued through the country "to the South Sea," saving- and reserving the Dutch settlements which had been expected in the purchase from the Ply- mouth Company. March 4, 1681, King Charles II. granted a Charter to William Penn for ter- ritory "from a point on the Delaware river, twelve miles north of New Castle, unto the three- and-fortieth degree of north latitude, and extending westward five degrees in longitude from the said eastward bounds." This charter overlapped the north bounded of Connecticut and embraced Wyoming, thus establishing two conflicting claims, under European titles, but, as yet, neither party having extinguished the Indian title. Observe that the modes of acquiring and possessing new lands, under the charters of Con- necticut and Pennsylvania, were essentially diflferent. In Pennsylvania the lands were all granted to one individual, and hejwssessed the exclusive rii:ht of purchasing of the Indians. In the Connecticut Charter the lands were granted to the inhabitants of the colony in their collective capacity, and all possessed an equal right to purchase. In Pennsylvania, claimants held of the "Proprietaries." In Connecticut, individuals or companies, and generally some religious corporation, took possession, j^urchased the Indian title, and then settled by town- ships. During the year 1753 a number of Connecticut people associated themselves together as the Susquehanna Company, for the purpose of purchasing lands of the Indians and forming set- tleme'nts at Wyoming. James Hamilton, Proprietary Governor of the Province of Pennsylva- nia, at once wrote to Sir William Johnson, His Majesty's Indian Agent for the Colonies, de- siring his good ofiSces to preyent a purchase of the Indians by the Susquehanna Company at the approaching council to be held at Albany. The agents of the Susquehanna Company, however, appeared at Albany and efiected a pur- chase July 11, 1754. This purchase included Wyoming, and embraced the territory as far west as the heads of the Allegheny river. The commissioners of Pennsylvania to the Albany Council had many conferences with the Indians while there, a report of which conferences is entered on the minutes of council at Philadelphia, Aug. 6, 1754, as follows : "The Commis- sioners of Pennsylvania, having a private treaty with the Six Nations while at Albany, for the purpose of buying lands, their report was likewise read and ordered to be entered." The Sus- quehanna Company at this time consisted of 673 persons, ten of whom lived in Pennsylvania, and they proposed at once to divide up the purchase among the claimants. The treaty at Albany above referred to, as concluded with the Six Nations oy Pennsylvania, was — " for all the said river Susquehanna, an d on both sides thereof, eastward as far as the springs thereof, and westward to the setting sun, and from the mouth of said river up to- Tayamantesatche or the Blue Mountain." This deed was signed by twenty-three chiefs of the Oneidas, Onondagas, Senecas and Tuscaroras. The purchase did not, however, include Wyo- ming, which they utterly refused to sell. In August, 1762, about two hundred persons left Connecticut, and, under the authority of the Susquehanna Company, commenced a settlement at Wyoming, building their block house and cabins at the mouth of Mill Creek, where that stream is now spanned by the aqueduct of the Pennsylvania canal. The Proprietaries of Pennsylvania about thi^ time submitted their claims to the judgment of the English Attorney General. This functionary (afterwards Lord Camden) replied, taking grounds in their favor, and assuming that the settlement of Connecticut's boundaries with New York barred all claim west of the line thereby dratvn parallel to the Hudson river and twenty miles east of it. The government of Connecticut now proceeded to submit their claims to eminent counsel in England, who decided " that the agreement between Connecticut and New York as to their mutual boundaries could in no wise aflfect any claims which either party might have in other quarters, and as the charter to Connecticut ante-dated that to William Penn by eighteen yearS;, the Crown could make no effectual grant of a territory so recently granted to others." EARLY HISTORY OF WYOMING. 19 Hitherto the surrounding Indians had acted in a friendly manner, but now a change was to come. Tedeuscund, the great Delaware Sachem, was about this time murdered by a party of the Six Nations, in revenge for his assumed superiority at the Great Council in 1758, andj. with Indian cunning, this deed of treachery was charged upon the whites. The consequences were soon apparent Oa the 16th of October, 1763, while busy in the- fields, the settlers were attacked, twenty killed and the village burned. The survivors— men, women and children— fled to the mountains, and in their nakedness and distress commenced a sad journey of two hundred and fifty miles on foot to Connecticut. Peace between England and France having this year been concluded, the government of the former instructed its agents to cultivate peace with the Indians. Accordingly a general treaty was concluded with them at Fort Stanwix, in October, 1768, at which ths Proprietaries of Pennsylvania procured adeed from the Six Nations for all the lands within the province ot Pennsylvania not hitherto sold. This purchase included Wyoming and all the territory previously sold to the Susquehanna Company. A meeting of that company was now called, and it was resolved that " forty persons at once proceed to Wyoming and commence settlement as proprietors, to be followed by two hundred more in the Spring, and that £200 be raised to supply them with implements and necessaries.'" The resolution also ■ ..^-^^^?^.S^^^i^-gS?l^SH..._ _. designated Isaac ,*hs**^-- iiTl^rAfSs^^^^^^^^SJS^^i^Isiii-jS^'jf. Tripp, Benjamin Follett, John Jen- kins, Wm. Buck and Benj. Shoe- maker a special committee to super- vise the govern- ment and superin- tendence of the colony. This Com- mittee were to be increased to nine men on the arrival of the Spring rein- forcements, and the Committee, as thus constituted, were clothed with full executive, legisla- tive and judicial powers, sui)ject, however (as in the Spartan govern- old forty fokt. ment of Lycurgus), to the supreme authority of the Company, which was to be exercised at Hartford. Alarmed at these energetic movements, which evidently "meant business," the Proprietaries, of Pennsylvania, acting by John Peun, leased to Charles Stewart, Amos^ Ogden and John Jen- nings, one hundred acres of land at Wyoming, " for seven years with authority to establish a trading post, and to defend it and those claiming under them from all enemies whatsoever." Stewart at once proceeded to lay out the valley into two manors— one on the east side of the Susquehanna, extending from Nauticoke, to Monockonock Island, to be called "Manor of Stoke," and the other on the west side, of the same dimensions, to be called " Manor of Sun- bury." The Pennsylvania party took possession of the improvements from which the Indians had driven the Connecticut men, and commenced new improvements at the same point in January, 17()!). On the eighth of the following month, the " forty" Connecticut men arrived and found Stewart and Ogden in possession of a fortified block house at Mill Creek. The Connecticut party at once besieged the block house. After some time, a parley took place, during which Jennings, by stratagem, captured three of the principal men of the Yankees, and took them to Easton. They were, however, .soon released on bail, returned to Wyoming, and, with their companions, proceeded to erect a substantial stockade, surrounded by ramp.irt and entrench- ment, calling it "Fort Durkee." :20 EARLY HISTORY OF WYOMING. Jennings assembled a large party of Pennsylvania men, and arrived at Wyoming about the 'last of May, 17(39, bat found the Connecticut people too well prepared to venture an attack. Thus, ready for coming events, the latter began their agricultural operations for the season. The,Susquehanna Company now despatched Col. Dyer and Major Elderkin to Philadelphia, and laid before Benjamin Chew, Esq., agent for the Proprietaries, a proposition *' to settle all disputes by a court of law to be constituted by the parties, or by referees mutually chosen, whose decisions should be conclusive." This proposition was rejected, as military preparations were now on foot for the reduction of the Connecticu'' settlement. A formal letter of instructions was made out by th e Pennsylvania government, and directed to the Sheriff of Northampton county, directing him to raise the posse of the county, proceed 'to Wyoming and dispossess all persons holding any other title than that of the Proprietaries. Amos Ogdeu, with a parfy of forty men, hearing of Jennings' approach, surprised and cap- 'tured several of the Yankee families, among whom was that of Col Durkee. Jennings arrived •before the fort with two hundred men and a four-pounder cannon, and proceeded to reduce it. This was effected in a few days. By the articles of capitulation the fort and buildings were to be given up to Ogden and Jennings, it being promised that the property, homes and crops should be unhurt, and should be guarded by seventeen of the Connecticut men, left for that purpose. As soon as the surrender was complete, the Pennsylvanians commenced an indiscriminate • plunder of everything valuable, driving off the cattle and swine towwards the Delaware • and the seventeen men left in possession fled for their lives, leaving their foes in undisputed mastery. In February, 1770, a number of Lancaster county men, sympathizing with the Connecticut settlers, came up to the valley. These were commanded by Lazarus Stewart, and were joined by a few of the returned settlers. They invested Fort Durkee, and captured it with little op- ' position. They now proceeded to the reduction of Ogden's block house, and for that purpose • erected another immediately opposite it on the west side of the river, mounting the four- pounder as a siege gun. Finding the range too great, they transported their artillery again to the east side, threw up a breastwork, and soon succeeded in burning the attached storehouse and capturing the gar- rison of the block house, Ogden and his party were allowed to depart, leaving six occupants in one house to take charge of the effects of the Pennsylvanians. Governor Penn and the Proprietaries now proceeded to raise a force of over one hundred -and sijcty men, which was placed under Ogden's command, and they, in company with Aaron ■Van Campen and other civil officers representing the State authority, marched upon the Valley. iFrom the summit of "Penobscot" this party reconnoitred the flats, saw the settlers disperse >to theif labors on the morning of Sept. 22, 1770, and at once made such disposition as enabled 'them to capture the whole Connecticut party, who were marched to Easton jail, while Ogden -and his men proceeded to gather the haryest and plunder the settlement of everything movable. The Connecticut settlers having now about disappeared from the disputed territory, the Pennsylvanians garrisoned the fort and considered themselves secure for the winter. Delusive hope ! On the morning of December ISth, at three o'clock, a " huzza for King •George ! " was heard within the stockade, and the garrison awaking found Stewart with 'thirty men in complete possession. These immediately drove the Pennsylvanians to the 'mountains, and again garrisoned and victualed the fort for another struggle. . The Judges of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania now issued warrants for the arrest of 'Lazarus Stewart and his companions, directed to the sherifl' of Northampton county. He • raised a posse, and arriving at Wyoming on the 18th day of January, 1771, demanded admit- > tance into the fort. Stewart, looking over the parapet, informed him that none but fri nds could be admitted ; ■ that Wyoming was under the jurisdiction of Connecticut, and that no authority emanating 'from Pennsylvania could be recognized. The sheriff's party then fired upon the fort, and the fire was instantly returned, killing ' Nathan Ogden, a brother of the Pennsylvania leader, Stewart that night abandoned the fort 'to the possession of twelve of his own men. These were captured and marched to Easton, • leaving the fort in possession of Ogden. 1 About the 6th of July, Capt. Zebulon Butler, with seventy Connecticut men, arrived, and > •were soon after joined by Capt, Lazarus Stewart with a reinforcement. Ogden's party, which, -with women and children, now airounted to eighty-two, occupied a new fort which they had "built upon the river bank a short distance above Fort Durkee and named ''Fort Wyoming," I'J'he Coooecticutmen atonoe threw up redo^ bts on both sides of the river, above and below EARLY HISTORY OF WYOMING. 2D the fort, and a third oa a small hill adjacent, still known as ''Redoubt Hill," thus completing the investment. Ogden was equal to the emergency. On a moonlight night he tied his clothes in a bundle, surmounted it with his hat, and attaching a cord, permitted the bundle to float behind him while he swam down the river. Thus drawing the bjisieger's fire, he escaped, arrived safe at Philadelphia, and soon obtained assistance for further enterprises. The Council at once resolved that one hundred men should be raised for the relief of Wyo- ming and voted £300 expen8e money. This force was in two divisions, one commanded by Captain Joseph Morris, the other by Captain John Dick, and all under command of Col. Asher Clayton. But these were ambushed by the besiegers, and disparsed with the loss of four pack horses loaded with provisions, twenty-two men only succeeding in their attempt to enter the fort. The siege was now pushed with all diligence, and on the 14th of August the fort surren- dered, Clayton, Ogden and the Peunsylvanians agreeing to remove from the Valley. The government of Pennsylvania, finding that the Connecticut people had strongly forti- fied themselves, and that their number was rapidly increasin.', gave orders for withdrawing the troops, and left the settlers in quiet possession. Again this beautiful Valley enjoyed a short respite of repose and peace, which was im- proved in the most eti'ective manner. They laid out townships, formed settlements, erected fortifications, levied and collected taxes, passed laws for the direction of civil suits, and ■ established a militia. Neither Greece nor Rome, in their happiest days, could boast a government more purely- democratic. The meeting of the Proprietors formed the Grand Council, to which an appea ■was in all cases reserved. Its records formed the Statute Book of the infant colony. The exeutive power vested in a committee of settlers, one from each township, deciding upon all matters ciyil and criminal. The judicial power inhered in the above bodies, and a third, or " Ordinary Court," consisting of three freeholders, who were to decide all questions arising between two or more individuals and make return to the " Committee of Settlers," who issued . execution to the proper constable. Such was the simple and eflectual scheme of government " for the well ordering and governing the proprietors and settlers on the Susquehanna Pur- chase." [The author here remarks : — Several of the laws passed at this time have the appearance o great severity, but may have been justified by the circumstances of the times. One, in par- ticular, passed at Wilkes-Barre, December 28th, 1772, provided " that no person or persons, settlers or foreigners, shall sell or give to any Indian any spirituous liquors on pain of for- feiture of all goods and chattels, rights and efl'ects within this purchase, and also be voted out of the company." Allow us U. incjuire en passant how much has the lapse of one hundred and six years enabled the children to improve on the legislation of the fathers?] The General Assembly of Connecticut now passed an Act creating a Board of Commission- ers, with full powei to make final settlement of all boundaries and claims in dispute. Accord- ingly, Col. Dyer, Dr. Johnson and Mr. Strong were commissioned, and in December, 1773, laid their case before the Council of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia, reciting in full the boundaries described in the Connecticut charter of 1662, and adding, '-which limits and boundaries do in- clude a considerable part of the land afterwards granted by the Crown to Sir William Pcnn, in 1081, and which constitute a part of the Province of Pennsylvania, as now claimed by the Proprietaries," also adding, "and we, on the part of the said colony, are now ready to agree on Commissioners to run the lines of the patent, and execute the same in the most effective manner." Governor Penn, in his reply of December 17th, declined to enter into any negotiations on the subject, declined to join in an application to Ilis Majesty for the appointment of Commis- sioners to settle the matter, and contented himself with the expression of an opinion that " the claim made by your government of any lands westward of New York is without the least foundation." Much correspondence subsequently passed between the Commissioners and the Governor, eliciting, ho.Tever, no new facts or principles. Among these letters was one from the Governor, which laid stress upon the purchase made of the Indians at Fort Stanwix, in 1768. To this the Commissioners reply : — " It were easy to observe that the purchase from the Indians by. the Proprietaries, and the sales by them made, were they c^en more ancient than they are, could add no strength to the Pennsylvania title, since the right of pre-emption from the: natives was by the royal grant exclusively vested in the Colony of Connecticut." ■2 2 EARLY HISTORY OF WYOMING. BRANT, THE MOHAWK CHIEF. Oq the 17th of January, 1774, the General Assembly of Pennsylvania addressed the Governor, earnestly requesting him " to use every effort to call the claimants before His Majesty in Coun- cil, and bring the claim to an immediate decision," but the King of England had by this time more important matters to settle with his American subjects. The colonists now abandoned the hope of being constituted a separate colony by royal grant, and applied to the General Assembly of Connecticut for closer political annexation. An Act ■was accordingly passed in January, 1774, by which the Susquehanna settlements, bounded north and south by the charter limits, and ex- tending fifteen miles beyond Wyoming, were constituted the " Town of Westmoreland," and attached to the County of Litchfield. From this date Wyoming ceased to exist as a separate '"Republic," the laws of Connecticut being extended over her in full force. These proceedings having been formally communicated to Governor Penn, he issued his proclamation forbidding all persons from attending " the Town Meeting thus notified by Zebulon Butler, and from settlingany lands at Wyoming without consent of the Proprieta- ries." This proclamation appears to have been regarded by the inhabitants of the "Town of Westmoreland" wiih as little attention as they would a royal edict from the King of Spain. A Yankee settlement commenced on the West Branch at Muncy, was attacked Sept 28lh, 1775, by militia from Northumberland — part dispersed and part conveyed prisoners to Sunbury. Boats from Wyoming trading down the river were also waylaid and plundered near the later place. Alarmed by the re-kindling of civil war, at a time so inopportune, Congress at Philadel- phia, resolved "that the Assemblies of the said colonies be requested to take the most effectual steps to prevent such hostilities." No orders, however, came from any quarter's for the release of the prisoners at Sunbury, and the inhabitants of that good town became alarmed lest a detachment from Wyoming should descend the river for their rescue. Wm. Plunkett, who had been a principal sharer in the booty obtained by pillage on the West Branch, joined with others in an address to the Governor of Pennsylvania, setting forth the rapid growth of the Yankee settlements, and the pressing danger from the apprehended rescue, and asking the authorization of a military expedition to exterminate the Wyoming people. Nothing could have been more in consonance with tlie gubernatorial desire, and orders were immediately issued to Plunkett to raise " the posse," expel the Connecticut men, and " restore peace and good order in the country." Seven hundred men were raised, and with their munitions and supplies on a large boat, the little army of Penasylvanians started from '•" Fort Augusta " in all the " pomp and cir- cumstance of glorious war," early in December, 177.5, bound up the river for the conquest of Yankeedom. Arrived at the lower end of the Vallej', and advancing through Nanticoke Gap, the force was confronted by a rude breastwork erected at the point now represented by the inlet lock of the canal on the west side of the river. Here the Cotinecticut men were securely intrenched, and poured an effective tire upon the invaders. The latter were thrown into the utmost confu- sion, and hastily crossed the river with their boat. Here they were ambushed, and again routed by another Yankee squad. Plunkett threw himself prostrate in the boat to avoid a galling fire, and, ordering a retreat, the whole force retired from the fitld, leaving it to the victors. Thus ended the last attempt of Colonial Pennsylvania to possess herself of Wyoming. These desultory warfares were now to be interrui)ted for a time by a struggle of a more ex- tended and eventful character. EARLY HISTORY OF WYOMING. 23 WYOMING BATTLE-GROUND. 24 EARLY HISTORY OF WYOMING. The following year (1776) commenced a new era in the history of the American colonies, A census was taken, and the Westmoreland settlements were found to contain five thousand! souls. Their militia amounted to 1100 men capable of bearing arms, and three companies were- enlisted at Wyoming for service in the army of the colonies. Regular garrison duty was per- formed in the seVeral fortifications and a patrol was on duty night and day through the Valley. Early in the spring ot 1778 a force of about eight hundred men, composed of British regulars, Torips and Indians, under command of Colonel John Butler, assembled at Niagara and marched for the destruction of Wyoming. The Indians numbered four hundred, and were commanded by Joseph Brant ("Thayendanegea"),a warlike chief of mixed blood. [The author's statement here is disputed. The late Eleazer Carey has often assured his step-son (C. I. A. C.) that Brant was not at Wyoming, asserting that, while in early youth among the New York Indians, he had frequently heard it claimed, and never denied, that the Indians weie led by the chiefs called " Little Beard" and " Blue Throat."] Embarking on boats and rafts at Tioga Point,the invaders floated down the Susquehanna,, landed below the mouth of Bowman's Creek, which enters the river opposite the present flour- ishing village of Tunkhannock, thence marched across the mountains, and entering the Valley .~ took possession of "VVintermoot's," a fortified settlement occupied by a Tory family and situated about a mile below " Fort Jenkins," a stockade whose site is now covered by the thriving borough of West Pittston. From these headquarters the British commander sent scouting par- ties throughout the Valley. Upon the arrival of the enemy, the settlers collected their principal strength within a fortification situated on the west bank of the river at a large eddy below Mon- ockonock Island. This work had been constructed by forty of the settlers in that vicinity, and thence obtained the name of Forty Fort. The garrison amounted to three hundred and sixty- eight men. About a month previous, messengers had been sent to the commander-in-chief of the- Army requesting a detachment for succor. None, ho\^ever, arrived, and on the morning of the 3d' of July a council was held to determine the question of immediately attacking the enemy or waiting longer for assistance. During this conference five men, citizens of Wyoming, arrived at the fort, three of whom had resigned their commissions in the army. These had heard- ■othing of the messengers. The advocates of immediate attack now prevailed in the council, and at dawn of day the little baud left the fort and began their march up the Valley. Having proceeded about two- miles, they halted to reconnoitre, and volunteers were asked for the service. Abraham Pike and an Irish companion (whose name has not been preserved) oifered their services. These found the enemy in possession of" Wintermoot's," carousing in supposed security, but on their return the scouts met two strolling Indians, by whom they were fired upon, and immediately returned the fire without efl^ect. Hastening their advance, the little army found the enemy formed in line of battle — their left under command of Col. John Butler, resting upon the river's bank, and their right, com- posed of Indians and painted Tories, resting upon the swamp which still appears a prominent feature in the landscai)e. The settlers immediately deployed and formed in corresponding order — the right commanded by Col. Zebulon Butler and Major John Garrett, the left by Col. Na- than Denison, supported by Lieut. Col. George Dorrance. It was five o'clock and the battle had begun. It was contested for sometime with unflinch- ing courage, each man advancing a few steps at every discbarge. The efl"ect was soon apparent upon the British line, which was already slowly retiring, when a horrid yell on the left pro- claimed that the savages had penetrated the swamp and turned Denison's wing. He now gave the order to "fall back," intending to double his line at the point menaced and wheel to the- left, pivoting uj)on the centre. This movement was difficult of execution, with raw militia, and the order was misunderstood. At the same moment the British Colonel Butler succeeded in bringing a party of troops- through the bushes on the river's bank and turned the right of the settlers. Thus, enfiladed and outflanked, the latter were forced back on each other, and the rout became general.. " Stand up to your work, Sir," said Col. Dorrance to one of his men who was wavering while- the Indians were sprint;iiig forward with savage yells. " Don't leave me, my children !" cried Col. ButL^r ; " stand firm, and the victory is ours ! " But all was of no avail ; the force of num- bers told with fearful effect, and the battle was already lost. Some of the settlers succeeded in reaching the river, and escaped by swimming; ethers- reached the mountains, after the savages (now oc(^upied by plunder) had given up pursuit. Many of those who escaj)ed, with the women and children, took refuge in Wyoming. EARLY HISTORY OF WYOMING. 25 On the next day the combined British and Indian forces appeared there and demanded it» surrender. It was stipulated in the articles of capitulation that the garrison was to surrender their prisoners and military stores, and remain in the country unmolested. Three hundred of the settlers were either killed or missing. Among them were one Lieu- tenant-Colonel, one Major, ten Captains, six Lieutenants and two Ensigns. The conditions of the capitulation were entirely disregarded by the yictors, and every species of barbarity wantonly committed. No known adjunct of savage cruelty was unemployed upon the defenceless settlement. The village of Wilkes-Barre,then consisting of twenty-three houses^ was burned, and men, wives and children separated and borne into captivity. The "remaining inhabitants, driven from the Valley, wandered on foot sixty miles through the Great Swamp, almost without food or clothing. Numbers perished on the journey, principally women and children, some died of their vounds, while others wandered from the path and were lost. The Battle and Massacre of Wyoming having produced much ])ublic sensation. General Washington sent a detachment of two thousand five hundred men, under command of Gtneral John Sullivan, to drive out the British and Indians, restore peace to the valley and lay waste the Indian towns of southern New York. This gallant officer arrived with his command oii the 22d of June, 1779, and continued in the Valley until the 31st of July. Nine days before, a company of Pennsylvania militia, who had marched to the Lackawaxen, were attacked by one hundred and forty Indians and defeated with the loss of fifty men. At the same time British and Indian parties attacked Freeland Fort above Northumber- land, and Minisink on the Delaware, hoping by these diversions to distract Sullivan from his purpose. No such re- sult occurred. The intrepid officer, putting his whole force in motion, on the last day of July moved from his quarters with pack horses in front, baggage in barges on the river, and martial music front and rear. He camped the first night at Lackawanna, then successively at Buttermilk Falls, Tunkhanrock, Wil- liamson's, Wysauking, She- shequin and Tioga, and, leavinga garrison at the lat- ter place, pushed on to the attack of the Indian settle- ments. He found the ene- my, in number about a thousand, entrenched be- hind a breastwork at New- town (now Elmira), at- tacked them August 29th. and routed them with con- siderable slaughter. H e then proceeded through the country of the Six Na- tions, and laid it waste as far as the Genesee rivei^ destroying eighteen vil- lages, with countless or- chards and corn-fields. Re- turning by the same loute he was received and enter- tained with great ceremony by Col. Butler and the settlers who had found their way back. The danger of Indian incursions now removed, the inhabitants returned in great numbers to Wyoming, where the settlemtn's again flourished and the village was rebuilt. The State of Pennsylvania, however, viewed with great displeasure a colony within her 26 EARLY HISTORY OS WYOMING. borders which refused to acknowledge her jurisdiction. She therefore applied to Congress, requesting the appointment of a tribunal to determine the dispute between herself and Con- necticut. Congress accordingly appointed a board of Commissioners who met at Trenton in December, 1782. Connecticut was represented by Dyer, Johnson and Root; Pennsylvania by Bradford, Reed, Wilson pnd Sargent. After five weeks of deliberation this body pronounced their opinion as follows : "We are unanimously of the opinion that the jurisdiction and pre-emption of all land lying within the charter bounds of Pennsylvania, and now claimed by the State of Connecticut, does of right belong to the State of Pennsylvania." How far policy, and not justice, aifected the rendering of this judgment, has never transpired. The Connecticut settlers now quietly acquiesced, and united in an humble petition to the Gen- eral Assembly of Pennsylvania, tendering their allegiance, and asking protection, justice, and a confirmation of their claims. This paper is dated January 18, 1783, and bears the endorse- ment, " Read January 2Ist, and ordered to lie ou the table." February 25th, the assembly appointed William Montgomery, Moses McLean and Joseph Montgomery, who were directed " to attend at Wyoming on the 15th of April, act as magis- trates, and recommend what measures should be adopted in reference to the Wyoming set- tlers." These commissioners reported in favor of a reasonable compensation to those fallen in battle against the common enemy, and to those who ''should immediately relinquish all claim to the soil and deliver up possession to the rightful owners under Pennsylvania by the first of April next." Captains Shrawder and Robinson were ordered to march with their companies to Wyoming and occupy the forts and the country. The settlers had understood that the question of poli- tical jurisdiction had been settled at Trenton, not the question of private ownership. They aow saw before thine eyes another scene opening in which they were to be the passive victims •of judicial and executive tyranny, enforced by the bayonets of a commonwealth, which should have welcomed them with open arms and adopted them as her children. The winter cf 1783-4 opened with unexampled severity and continued with uniform cold. In March immense masses of snow and ice went off with sudden thaw and rain. The Susque- hanna rose to an unprecedented height, inundating the Valley and driving theinhabitants to the hills with the loss of a great portion of their produce and property. The president of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, Mr. Dickinson, addressed the General Assembly ■asking immediate relief for the suffering people of Wyoming. In the midst of this extreme want, two Justices, Patter&on and West, who had accompanied the troops to Wyoming, and to whom the Council had entrusted the administration of affairs, began a system of extortion and tyranny worthy the darkest ages of the world's history. The ■unhappy husbandtjan saw his cattle driven ofi", his barns ou fire, and his wife and daughters a prey to a licentious soldiery. The inhabitants drivep to desperation by their calamities, now began to resist their oppres- sors, and refused to comply with the demands of the mock tribunals established by Patterson and West. Their resistance enraged the magistrates, and on the I2th of May orders were is- •sued to the troops to diiiarm the people. Under this pretense, one hundred and fifty families were turned out of their dwellings, many of which were burned, and all ages and sexes reduced to the same dreadful destruction. Plundered of their remaining property, they were forced out of the Valley and driven by the Lackawaxen route to the Delaware country. One shocking instance is mentioned of a mother who actually roasted one of her children piecemeal for the sustenance of the others. The better feelings of Eennsylvanians, shocked at such barbarities perpetrated upon a de- fenceless people, now demanded a rigid investigation, in such tones that the General Assembly could not disregard them. Commissioners were sent who examined into the outrages, and made a report, which soon led to the withdrawal of the troops and ^proclamation inviting the fugitives to return, under promise of protection. Many of the troops, however, were still surreptitiously employed by Pennsylvania land ■claimants. These formed a band of freebooters, who, taking post at Kingston, pillaged the surrounding country. They afterward joined Patterson at Fort Wyoming, which the latter had named " Fort Dickinson." The inhabitants, for their mutual defence and support, gar- risoned themselves at Forty Fort. July 20th, 1784, a party of settlers on their wpy to the lower flats were ambushed by Pat- EARLY HISTORY OF WYOMING. 2/ terson's men, and Chester Pierce and Elisha Garrett, two highly respected young men, shot dead. This crowning act of violence aroused a determined spirit of vengeance. The people, under lead of Col. John Franklin, collected and laid siege to Fort Dickinson, which at that time mounted four pieces of cannon. While these events were transpiring, the Council of Pennsylvania were holding under ad- visement a new scheme of pacification. John Boyd and John Armstrong were appointed Commissioners, with authority "for carrying into execution such measures as shall be judged necessary and expedient for establishing peace and good order in the county of Northumber- land." Armstrong and Boyd, with a military force commanded by Col. lloore, marched as far as Pocono Mountain, where they were met by a party of settlers, commanded by Captain John Swift. Desultory firing occurred, killing one of the Pennsylvania party and wounding two others, after which the Connecticut men withdrew. Armstrong entered the Valley with a small force, and was joined by Magistrates Hewitt, Mead and Martin, with a party of men from Northumberland. These together constituted a force of about 400 men under Col. Armstrong. This celebrated functionary, who subsequent- ly filled the position of Secretary of War and Minister to France, had little stomach for an open conflict with the settlers. Through life it was his preference to obtain his objects by stratagem and duplicity. Declaring by proclamation that he had come only to protect the defenceless and enforce peace, he wheedled the settlers into a conference, took them prisoners, and despatched forty, bound with ropes, to Sunbury, and the balance, tied in pairs, to Easton. Most of the troops were now discharged, leaving however a sufficient garrison in Fort Dickinson, while Armstrong, Patterson and their associates proceeded to gather the harvest and appropriate it to their own use. Many settlers residing remote from the scene of these events now commenced coming in, and appointed a rendezvous at Bowman's Creek. So soon as th« party considered themselves strong enough, they set out for the Valley, re-occupied Forty Fort, and commenced opera- tions against Armstrong. The latter, after several skirmishes and the capture of a part ot the arms and ammunition of the settlers, concluded to repair to Philadelphia to report progress and demand reinforcements. Sept. 27th, fifteen of the people surrounded the house of Patterson and his commissioners, and commencel an assault, which lasted two hours, resulting in the death of Reed and Hen- derson, two of the Pennsylvania magistrates. The Ceuncil at Philadelphia, hearing of these events, after consultation with Armstrong, ordered that fifty men of the militia of Bucks county, and a like number from Berks county, be equipped and despatched to Wyoming, " for quieting the disturbances and supporting the eivil authority in that district," appointing at the same time John Armstrong to be Adjutant General. This enterprise was opposed by John Dickinson, Es,q., President of the Council, who set forth his views in a letter still on file ; whereupon the Council resolved " that the measures adopted on the 2d inst. be pursued," and on the same day issued a proclamation off'eriug a reward of twenty-^five pounds sterling for the apprehension of fifteen of the prin- cipal inhabitants of Wyoming. Armstrong met with no little difficulty in organizing the second expedition. The opinion was gaining ground that the Connecticut settlers at Wy- oming were a persecuted people. He, Lowever, commenced his march with only forty men, and arrived in the Valley on the IGtb of October, the settlers retiring into garrison at Forty Fort. The " Council of Censors" (an institution erected by the first Constitution of Pennsyl- vania, and clothed with the sieneral power of revising all legislation, examining the disposition of taxes, and generally guarding the popular interest) had made special call for persons and papers touching the difficulties at Wyoming. This call was contemptuously refused by the General Assembly, but the refusal only confirmed the Censors in their opinion " of the truth of tne complaints from Wyoming, and the utter neglect of the Government to protect the op- pressed inhabitants." They .say : " And lastly, we regret the fatal example these proceedings have set— of private persons, at least e(iually able with their opponents to maintain their own cause, procuring the interest of the commonwealth and the aid of the public treasury in their behalf. We therefore hold this business up to public censure, to prevent, if possible, further instances of bad government which might convulse ana disturb our new formed nation." Notwithstanding this remonstrance from so high a source, the Supreme Executive Council, in contempt of public opinion, proceeded to exert their utmost endeavors to furnish Armstrong with re-enforcements. In this they failed, and the redoubtable leader was compelled to re- main with his forty men in the ruins of Fort ckinson, too weak for extended plunder or even 28 EARLY HISTORY OF WYOMING. for a successful attack upon his enemies at Forty Fort. These latter held stubbornly to their post while they gathered in the remnant of their crops, meantime joining ia petitions to the legislatures both of Pennsylvania and Connecticut. As winter approached, Armstrong abandoned the block house, disbanded his troops, and returned to Philadelphia. Thus ended the last expedition fitted out by Pennsylvania to per- secute and destroy her own peaceful citizens. March, 1787, the people of Wyoming, hopeless of any equitable settlement of their claims, now offered a compromise, proposing to the General Assembly that if the Commonwealth would grant them the seventeen townsLips which had been laid out and settled previous to the Decree of Trenton, they would relinquish all claims to other lands on the Susquehanna pur- chase. In consideration of this agreement being confirmed by the Assembly, the Pennsylva- nia claimants were to relinquish such lands (lying within the same townships) as the State had previously granted them. Accordingly (28th of March, 1787), a law was passed, complying with the request of the inhabitants, and under it Commissioners were appointed to re-survey the lots claimed by the settlers, and give them certificates of the regularity of their claims. Hence our term, " Certified Tuwiiships." These Commissioners— Timothy Pickering, William Montgomery and Stephen Balliot, shortly proceeded to Wyoming and entered upon their duties. The abduction of Pickering and his subsequent rescue were startling episodes to vary the scene, but v^f small historic import- ance. There was, however, a class of persons of a differ- ent character from those concerned in this lawless out- rage, to whom the State had sold lands. These viewed with intense disgust an act of the Legislature to deprive them of their lands in favor of the Connecticut claim- ants. Opposition from these was seated and strenuous, leading to the repeal of the law — again opening the question, and subjecting the country to all the eyils of uncertain land tenure. Wisdom and justice, however finally prevailed over factious selfishness and greed TIMOTHY PICKERING. Pennsylvania had adopted anew Constitution and was now governed by a more liberal policy. Petitions poured in for the enactment of some meas- ure to make final disposition of the long-vexed question ; and in April, 1789, an act was passed for a final settlement of the controversy so far as related to the •' Seventeen Townships." By this act, commissioners were appointed, to cause a survey of aU lands claimed by the Connecticut settlers, and which had been assigned them previous to the Decree of Trenton, to value the lands, to divide them into four classes of lots, aciordiug to quality, to make out a ''Certificate" for each claimant, specifying the number, location and quality of his acres with attached draft. Also to re-survey all the lands claimed by Pennsylvania claimants- within the seventeen townships, which should be released or re-conveyed to the Common- wealth, and divide the same into four classes, according to their value. As soon as forty thousand acres should be releaned to the State, and the Connecticut settlers claiming to th to have believed that in 1870 it would be 127,053. MANUFACTHRES. There are also other influences at work, that if properly cared for, will contribute to the same result. The seeds of manufacturing industries have bere been sown in the last few years, and their success under the most adverse times that have ever been known to manufac- turers, leads to the conclusion that this must become a great manufacturing centre. We have n surplus of labor, cheap fuel and a ready market at home and are as near the New York and Philadelphia markets as many of the large Elastern manufacturing towns. It is proposed tO' utilize our vaat culm piles and thereby furnish power in almost unlimited amount and at such a price as to lead to the abandonment of water power, which to reach, is generally done at the sacrifice of the other conditions of success. We point with pride to the Wyoming Knitting Mills in West Pittston, that, regardless of declining markets, hard times, and the usual draw- backs to a new enterprise, have proved to be a complete success, while many of the old estab- lishments at Cohoes, run by water power, and having the advantage of a business estab- lished in good times, have tailed. The iron and steel works" of the Lackawanna Iron & Coal Company, the locomotive works of the Dickson Manufacturing Company, the Scranton Silk Manufactory, the Pittston Arms Company, the Union Stove & Manufacturing Company a^ Pittston, the lumber mills of the Messrs. J. E. Patterson & Co., at Pittston and Wilkes-Barre the Wyoming Shovel Works, the terra cotta establishments at Pittston and Wyoming, the Hazard Wire Eope Manufacturing Company, are other examples in this line. We might name a few more and then we would be done in a county that the census of 1870 showed to. contain a two hundred and fortieth, and now doubtless contains at least a two hundredth part of the population of the United States. *Taxes in Luzerne county in ISTO, on true valuation, averaged 2 mills Pennsylvania " ■• •• ■• &\: ■■ Allegheny county •■ •• •• •• 4' •■ Bradford and Schuylkill counties (each In 18T0) •■ 4X " I" Wyoming county in iSTO, on time valuation •• 5" •• Columbia county •• •• •• •• 6 Philadelphia ■• •■ •• •• 7 Lycoming county •• •• " •• 9 *The data from which this statement is made is furnished in the United States Census Re- port of 1870, the assessed valuation of Luzerne county being given at S1S,703.1 16, while the true valuation was returned at $174,032,720, so that the taxes are about 20 mills on the asses- sed or 2 mills on the true valuation. THE COAL TRADE. We have another statement to make that warrants great expectations in the future. The production of coal in tlie United States for the year 1877 is stated to haye been 54, 398, 250' tons or about 1:^ tons to each inhabitant. The production of Great Britain for the same year is stated to have been 132,000,000 tons, or about 4 tons to each inhabitant, and the home con- sumption was about 3i tons per inhabitant. Great Britain produced in 1858, 65 000.000 tons of coal or about twentj' per cent, more than is now produced in the United States. The pro- duction of coal in Great Britain in 1876 was 133,344,766 tons or more than double the output of eighteen years before. Suppose that in twelve years from this time, or in 1890, we put the population of the United States at 50,000,000 and the present production of 4 tons per head in England is reached, our annual output would then be nearly four times what it now is, or 200,000,000 tons. The following is a statement of the coal production for the years named, in tons of 2240 lbs : 1820 Production Anthracite coalin the Wyoming region sno 1830 •• ■• •• •• •• •• lf.,200 1840 •• •• •• •• •• •• 177,867 1850 •• •• •• •• •• •• 972 692 1860 •• •■ • •• •• •• 3,SSS,97a 1S70 •• •• •• ■• •• •• 8,814,024 1875 •• ~ •• •• •• •• 11045,998 1875 •• •• •• •• Ilazleton •• about 2,()00,ooo- 1875 •• •• •■ In Luzerne Co. •• 1S,04.'>,99S 1S7T '• •• •• •• In Pennsylvania 2.-3.6i9,9ii 187T •• Bituminous " •• T2,.5()o.ooo 187T •• •• •• balance of tlie U. 8 ls,27s;W9^ 187T ■ •• of all kinds in the United States .54 3^)8 250 187T •• of coal in Great Britain i:!2,ooo,ooo 1870 •• •■ the world 197,.'i57.499- 18TI •• •• ■• 247 092.701 1872 •• •• •• 2.58,141,623 1873 •• •• •• 207,7^7,179 1874 •• •• •• 202,785 029 IS75 •• •• •• 272 2(!0,9fi() 1876 •■ •• •• 27(),S:iO,9G5 Square miles of coal In the United States 192,000 •■ Great Britain 11900 •• the world 293,800 Luzerne county produces about one-eighieenth of the entire production of the globe ; over one-fourth of that of the United States, and oyer one-half the Anthracite produced in Penn'a. A CENTURY S PROGRESS. 3I PITTSTON. This place is situated at the head of the Wyoming Valley at the junction of the Lacka- wanna and Susquehanna rivers, and is overlooked, as is the whole valley, by Campbell's Ledge. It is GV hours from New York, 6 hours from Philadelphia, 9 miles from Scranton, 3 miles from Wyoming, and 8 miles from Kingston and Wilkes-Barrc. Thirty-six passenger trains leave and arrive daily as follows : Ten ou the U. L. & W. R. II , Bloomsburg Divi- sion ; 16 on the Lehigh Valley Railroad ; 10 on the Central Railroad of New Jersey. Thi& place is now a trading centre for about 24,000 people. The United Slates census shows the following population, nearly all of whom get their mails at the Pittston Postoffice : ISOO 1870 Pittston Borough, area about Pa square miles, population 3 ('.^2 6,7H0 increase 84 per cent. West Pittston •• 1 •• 599 1,416 •■ 136 Pittston Township ■>,"b:i 4,447 Jenkins Township 1.574 2,505 Total s,Gos 13,128 increase 76 per cent. Allowing the same rate of growth to 1878, 7 3-5 per cent, per year, or 60 per cent, for eight years (which is more than three times the averaire of the State or the U. S. for the same time) and we have a trading popul.ttion of 24,204 in a territory in which the buildings are nearly continuous, although not forming an incorporated city. Neither does this come trom increasing the area, which so frequently accounts for a sudden and rapid growth. Compare this with any other town, east or west, where the boundaries haye not been enlarged. WEST PITTSTON. In 1852 this now beautiful village contained hut three houses. It is now a place of about 3,000 inhabitants, and is one of the most desirable places of residence, to be found. There is nol a drinking saloon in the place. They have been kept out by public sentiment alone, which shows the character of its inhabitants. It is a village of homes. All are neat and tasteful, with handsome yards, flowers and trees, and everything to make them look pleasant and at- tractive. The borough occupies an area of ab«ut one square mile and is nicely laid out with broad streets and avenues. It is well supplied with water and gas — the former conveyed to the top of the highest houses. This town is connected to Pittston, where its residents mainly have their business, by one new railroad bridge and two handsome wagon and foot bridges. These span the Susiuehanna, which at this point is over 1000 feet wide! JONES LAKE, SWITCHBACK RAILROAD. Engraved expressti/ Jor Hachelder's "Popular Hesorts, and How to Reach Thenu" Points of Interest. WYOMING MONUMENT. The imposing column which marks the place of sepulture of most of those slain in the Battle and Massacre of Wyoming is alwa)'S an object of interest to visitors to the Valley. Those slain in the battle were necessarily left upon the field where they fell until some three months after, when a detachment of soldiers under Lieut. John Jenkins, gathered up the unrecognizable remains and interred them in a common grave, near the main road through the present village of Wyoming. Repeated efforts to provide for the erec- tion of a monument to the fallen heroes were successful, and it was not until the 3d of July, 1833, that the corner stone was laid — Elisha Biackman and Samuel Carey, two veterans of the battle, taking part in the imposing ceremonies. From that time the patriotic enterprise languished, until the ladies of the valley finally took the matter in hand, organized the " Luzerne County Monumental Association," and in 1S46 succeeded in completing the structure. The monument is of Luzerne County granite, and is sixty-two and a half feet high. Upon three marble slabs imbedded in the pedestal is the following inscription and list of those then known to have fallen in the battle : " Duke et decorum est pro patria niori." " Near this spot was fought, on the afternoon of Friday, the third day of July, 1778, The Battle of Wyoming, in which a small band of patriotic Americans, chiefly the undisciplined, the youthful, and the aged, spared by inefficiency from the distant ranks of the republic, led by Colonel Zebulon Butler and Colonel Nathan Denison, with a courage that deserved success, boldly met and bravely fought the com- bined British, tory and Indian force of thrice their number. Numerical superiority alone gave success to the invader, and widespread havoc, desolation, and ruin marked his savage and bloody footsteps through the valley. This Monument, commemorative of these events, and in memory of the actors in them, has been erected over the bones of the slain by their descendants and others, who gratefully ap- preciate the services and sacrifices of their patriotic ancestors. LIST OF KILLED: Officers: Lieut. -Col. Geo, Dorrance ; Major Jonathan Wait Garrett ; Captains. James Bidlack, Jr., Aholiab Buck, Robert Durkee, Rezin Geer, Joseph Whittlesey, Dethic Hewitt, William McKaraghan, Samuel Ransom, Lazarus Stewart, James Wigton ; Lieutenants, A. Atherton, Stoddart Bowen, Aaron Gaylord, Timothy Pierce, Perrin Ross, Elijah Shoemaker, Lazarus Stewart, Jr., Asa Stevens, Flavius Waterman, James Wells; Ensigns, Jeremiah Bigford, Asa Gore, Silas Gore, Titus Hinman, Jonathan Otis, William White. Privates: Jabez Atherton, Christ. Avery, Aeke, A. Benedict, Jabez Beers, Samuel Bigford, Elias Bixbv, David Bixby, John Boyd, John Brown, Thomas Brown, William Buck, Joseph Budd, Asa Bullock, Henry Bush, John Caldwell, Isaac Campbell, Josiah Cameron, Joseph Cary, Joel Church, James Coffrin, William Coffrin, Samuel Cole, Robert Comstock, [three] brothers Cook, Christopher Cartright, John Courtright, Anson Coray, Rufus Coray. Jenks Coray, Samuel Crocker, Joseph Crocker, Jabez Darling, D. Denton, Conrad Davenport, Anderson Dana, James Di- vine, George Downing, Levi Dunn, William Dunn, Ducher, Benjamin Finch, John Finch, Dan- iel Finch, Elisha Fish, Cornelius Fitchett, Eliphalet Follett, Thomas basen, John Franklin, Thomas Fuller, Stephen Fuller, Gardner, George Gore, Green, Samuel Hutchinson, William Ham- mond, Silas Harvey, Benjamin Hatch, Cyprian Hebard, Levi Hicks, James Hopkins, Nathaniel How- ard, John Hutchins, Israel Inman, Elijah Inman, Joseph Jenning, Samuel Jackson, Robert Jameson, Henry Johnson, Lester, Joshua Landon, Daniel Lawrence, William Lawrence, Francis Ledyard, James Lock, Conrad Lowe, Jacob Lowe, Nicholas Manvill, Job Marshall, Nero Matthewson, C. McCar- tee, Ale.x. McMillan, Robert Mclntire, Andrew Millard, John MurpTiy, Joseph Ogden, John Pierce, Abel Palmer, Silas Parke, William Parker, Henry Pencil, Noah Pettebone, Jr., Jeremiah Ross, Reynolds, Elisha Richards, Elias Roberts, Enos Rcckwav, Timothy Rose, James Shaw, Constant Searle, Abel Seely, Joseph Shaw, Abraham Shaw, Darius Spaiford, Levi Spencer, James Spencer, Eleazar Sprague, Aaron Stark, Daniel Stark, Reuben Staples, Rufus Stevens, James Stevenson, Naler Swead, Ichabod Tuttle, John Van Wee, Abraham \"angorder, Elihu Waters, Bartholomew Weeks, Jonathan Weeks, Philip Weeks, Peter Wheeler, Stephen Whiton, Esen Wilcox, John Williams, Elihu Williams, Jr., Rufus Williams, Azibah William, John Ward, John Wilson, Parker Wilson, Wade, William Woodringer, Ozias Yale ; Gershom Prince (colored.) The number of names in the above list is 164, while the best authorities estimate the total number of slain at from 250 to 300. According to ofTicial reports to the British government, Brant was credited by them with 227 scalps, taken about that time, and the Indian chieftain was paid a bounty on each by that government. A committee appointed during the preparations for the observance of the Centennial Anniversary, to ascertain as many of the missing names as possible, have obtained about 30 of them, which will be added to the list as given above. POINTS OK INTEREST. AT WYOMING MONUMENT. By Susan E. Dickinson. 33 O, beautiful vision of summer delight ! O, marvelous sweep of the circling hills ! Where sunshine and shadow contend on the height And a deeper green follows the path of the rills As they leap to tlie valley, whose gold and green Add the finishing charm to the exquisite scene. I stand on the spot where the brave ones sleep. Whose memory makes this a sacred vale ; The century-olden shadows sweep From my backward gaze, and the mystic veil Of the Past uplifts, to reveal once more That vision of blood in the days of yore. O, patriot souls ! from your home above, Do ye see the land that ye loved at rest ? Can its wealth of blessing your spirits move To an added gladness among the blessed ? So I lain would hope, as I win release From weariness, breathing this air of peace — A peace that deepens— a peace that flows Like the waves of a river that seeks the sea ; Enfolding the heart in a charmed repose, .As the spell of some wonderful harmony- Breathed out from Beethoven's soul and brain, Swelling, and sinking, and rising again. Far oflT, when the tidal rush and spray Of our hurrying life the spirit whelm. The treasured charm of this golden day Will memory bring from her silent realm — Its sunshine and shadow, its odor and balm. Its freshness and verdure, its blessing of calm. O, beautiful Wyoming ! lingering still. By the loveliness spell-bound, I pause in fare- well ; May the winter touch lightly each verdure-crown- ed hill Where summer is weaving her 'wildering spell, And each summer to come on thy valley outpour A more radiant bloom from its bountiful store. QUEEN ESTHER'S OR BLOODY ROCK. None of the tragic events connected writh the struggle of Jul}' 3, 1778, retain a strong- er hold upon the popular mind than the treacherous and brutal murder of si.xteen pris- oners, on the night after the Battle, at what is known as Queen Esther's or Bloody Rock ; and all who are interested in the history of the Valley have a desire to view the scene of the savage slaughter. Reports of the affair are conflicting, it being maintained by some that besides the prisoners killed at this place, about the same number were tortured to death by fire at a point near the battle-ground, at the village of Sturmer- ville ; and that Joseph Elliott, whom some of our historians state escaped with Lebbens Hammond from the executioners at Bloody Rock, was among the prisoners at the other place and there eluded his savage captors. According to the accounts given of the tragedy at Bloody Rock, the sixteen prisoners were placed in a circle around the stone, each man held by an Indian, and Queen Esther, a half-breed, in revenge for the loss of a son in the battle, dashed out their brains with a death-mall and tomahawk. Miner says : — " The mangled bodies of fourteen or fifteen were afterward found round the rock where they had fallen, scalped and horribly mangled." The rock is but a short dis- tance from the Monument, and a log cabin has recently been erected over it, to preserve it from mutilation by relic-hunters, much of it having already been chipped off and car- ried away by visitors. FORTY FORT. The residents in the vicinity of the village bearing the name of the historic old fortress which was the headquarters of the Connecticut settlers in all their troubles with the Pennamites, and from which the patriot band marched forth to meet the invading foe on the fatal 3d of July — have recently rebuilt the stockade near the old site, exactly as it originally appeared, it is said. CAMPBELL'S LEDGE. This far-famed resort is situated in the most northern part of the Valley, where the Susquehanna seems to have broken through a mountain barrier, forming a wide gorge of picturesque beauty. The Ledge was originally called Dial Rock, from having served to mark the sun at full meridian — the Indians of the Valley having in this way a time- piece more serviceable than many a town-clock. It is a prominent feature in the land- scape, presenting a bare, verdureless face which is conspicuously seen from almost all points of view, for many miles distant. The mountain peak on which the Ledge is sit- uated reaches a height of six hundred feet, and from its summit, the rugged mountain range opposite, the outspreading fields of ripening grain or fairest verdure lying almost beneath, threaded by the winding river, with Monockonock and adjacent islands far away on its bosom, and the lovely blue line of hills bounding the other extremity of the Valley — form a prospect which well repays the toil of making the ascent of the moun- tain. The cool breezes, perfumed by the odors of pine, spruce and cedar trees, with the forest shades and fine scenery, make this point an attractive one for pleasure seekers, and few pleasant days in the summer season are passed without the presence there of picnic parties from all parts of the surrounding country. The name, Campbell's Ledge, is b}' many supposed to have been given in honor of 34 roiNTS or interest. the author of " Gertrude of Wyoming," who sung so sweetly — " On SusijuLhanna's side, fair Wj'oming ;" but there is a legend that it immortalizes a man of the same name, who won distinction in another than the field of literature. A hunter, as mighty in a Nim- rodic way as was his namesake with the pen, was upon this mountain deer hunting one day and pursued an antlered beauty so closely that the deer, seeing no other chance for escape, ran directly towards the Ledge ; and the hunter, anxious to secure his game, caught it by the tail, and the deer jumped from the Ledge to the opposite mountain, taking the hunter with him. Here the legend kindly leaves him, with no other record except this one marvelous feat. FALLING SPRING. Just beyond Campbell's Ledge, on the northern side of the mountain, is a very pretty waterfall fifty-eight feet high, called Falling Spring. The deep rocky recess, where beautiful mosses and ferns make a framework lor the waterfall, is a delightful retreat, and is another favorite resort of pleasure seekers. It was long thought that there were mines of precious minerals in the mountain around the Falling Spring, and a number of persons have spent considerable time in trying to discover these coveted ores. Be- tween thirty-five and forty years ago a man named White was strangely impressed with the belief that there were silver veins there, and made manj^ attempts to discover them with pick and divining-rod. The most valuable treasure found is the fine sandstone which has been used in building. the County prison and other structures. THE JUNCTION OF THE SUSQUEHANNA AND LACKAWANNA RIVERS. The junction of the Lackawanna river with the Susquehanna, near Campbell's Ledge, is another point of natural beauty, recalling most vividly the words of Tom Moore : " There is not in the wide world a valley so sweet, As the vale in whose bosom the bright waters meet, V\ here the storms that we feel in this cold world should cease, And our hearts, like thy waters, be mingled in peace." Mrs. Sigourney has made this spot classical ground by the following beautiful poem: , , ■ , And in dell and forest she hid from thee ; Rush on, glad stream, in thy power and piidc, jji,t ^jie ^^y of her fond caprice is o'er. To claim the hand ot the promised bnde And she seeks to part from thy breast no more. For she hastes Irom the realms ot the darkened mine, • . , ■ I'ass on, in the jov of the blended tide. To mingle her murmured vows with thine : Through the land where the blessed Mignon died. Ye have met, ye have met, and your shores pro- Nq red-man's blood, with its guilty stain, long . Hath cried unto God from that broad domain ; The liquid tone of your nuptial song. ^Vith the seeds of Peace they have sown the soil, Kring a harvest of v.ealth tor their hour of toil. Methinks ye wed as the white man s son, And the child of the Indian king have done. Qn, on, through the vale where the brave ones I saw the bride as she strove in vain sleep, To cleanse her brow from the carbon stain ; Where the waving foliage is rich and deep. But she brings thee a dowry so rich and true i have stood on the mountain and roamed through That thy love must not shrink from the tawny hue. j^e glen. To the beautiful homes of the western men ; Her birth was rude in a mountain cell, ygt naught in that region of glory could see And her infant freaks there are none to tell, <^o laj, ^g t^g vale of M'yoming to me. Yet the path of her beauty was wildiand free, THE JENKINS AND HARDING CEMETERY, on Wyotning Avtinuc and Linden Street, West Pittston, is a place of much historic in- terest. The ground was given for a place of burial by Judge Jenkins, who made the treaty with the Indians for the lands lying on the Susquehanna. The treaty was made ... . / -1 t^ 1 r^ ' T.. ,1 T„„i.:„„ ,!,„ C ,,-.«....,„,«( .l,« 30th, 1778 ; K aged 25 years ; S aged 23 years. Sweet be the sleep of these who prefer Death to Slavery." This grave attracts universal attention, and is about the old- est in this vicinity. A rude stone bears this inscription as nearly as can be made out : " Here lies the body of Jeremiah W , died June the i— " Another interesting stone, much battered and worn, marks the grave of a Revolutionary soldier, and is inscribed : " In memory of Aaron Perkins, who died Nov., 1S45, aged 82 years." There is a well- preserved plot of graves, with old-fashioned stones, bearing the name of Smith. One, quite ancient, reads: ",In memory of Betsey Smith, who died August 22d, 1788, aged i-oiNTS OK IN rL:Ri';sT. 35 57." There are three Union soldiers' graves in the cemeter}' which are as 3'et unmark- ed. This plot of ground possesses additional interest from the fact that while all that surrounds it has undergone the changes of modern improvement, it alone remains un- disturbed. AT PITTSTON. From no point does the natural beauty of the Valley appear more clearly to the be- holder than at and about the thriving town of Pittston. The hills rising abruptly from the Main street afiord fine views in every direction. Three costly bridges here span the river within half a mile, and from either of the traveled structures the noble Sus- (juehanna presents a lovel}' appearance, with the banks green to the water's edge, and the islands in the vicinity like emerald settings on the smooth surface of the river, the movements of Ihe steamers and pleasure crafts enlivening and beautifying the scene. Upon the present site of J. E. Patterson & Co.'s planing mills stood the old Pittston Fort in 177S, sometimes designated as Fort Hrown, and a double log block house stood on the ground now occupied by the Lehigh V^alley depot, while on the opposite side of the river was Fort Jenkins, the most northern of the stockades constructed in the Vallej', and which figured conspiciiouslv in the struggles with the Indians. It was situ- ated on the bank of the river, about fifty yards above the west end of the Ferry Bridge, but the ground where it stood has since been washed away. MINE ACCIDENTS. Strangers in our Valley are generally desirous of learning the locality of the mines in which the several accidents, involving great loss of life, occurred during the past decade. The most disastrous ever known in this countr}- was that at Avondale, two miles below Plymouth, in 1869, when no men were killed by the burning of the break- er, no one inside the mine surviving. A similar accident at the West Pittston shaft, in 1S71, resulted in the death of 20 men, 17 of the miners imprisoned 300 feet under ground having been brought out alive. About three months after the West Pittston ac- cident, 17 men were killed in E.agle Shaft, situated on the bank of the river just below Pittston, by an explosion of gas. PROSPECT ROCK AND BALD MOUNTAIN. Of the points of special interest to be found in the vicinity of Wilkes-Barre, Prospect Rock should probably be first named, as the nearest and most widely known. It is a beautiful height, two miles from the city, in the Wyoming range of mountains, which form the southeastern boundary of the valley. It is the VVilkes-Barre mountain in this range which the Lehigh Valley Railroad ascends ; and, in circling which, the traveler by this route obtains the widely celebrated view of the entire valley in perspective. The summit level of the railroad is over one thousand feet above the river, while that of Prospect Rock is but seven hunched and fifty feet above. But the view which it gives is a different and an exceedingly beautiful one, justifying fully its wide celebrity. It is a favorite resort for strangers and for jiicnic parties, and is ver}- easil}- reached by means of the Lehigh and Suscjuelianna road. For the benefit of those who desire to know in what direction to look for other often named heights, we will say that Penobscot Knob is in the same mountain range, three miles to the south of Prospect Rock. And that Bald Mountain, the magnificent view from whose summit is so often spoken of, is four miles still further south, or nine miles in all from Wilkes-Barre. This view includes the waters of the west branch of the Susquehanna, the Blue Ridge Mountains, North Mountain, and a wide stretch both of wilderness and of highly cultivated country in the vales between the ranges. This mountain is not to be confounded with Bald Mount in the Capouse range. NANTICOKE AND THE HONEY POT. There is no more lovely view of the lower Wyoming Valley to be had than that se- cured by a steamer trip down the river to Nanticoke. Lee's Mountain stretches along the eastern bank of the Susquehanna, below Nanticoke, and the Honey Pot is its north- eastern terminus. The river makes an acute double bend, to the west and then to the south, directly in front of Nanticoke Landing ; and as the steamer comes down the river before you, looks as if it were either shut into a cul-de-sac, or forced down under the mountain. The Homy Pot, with its eight hundred and sixty-five feet of height, seems to form a frowning battlement above you. Opposite, on the west bank of the river, Kingston Mountain comes dcjwn to the water's edge, and the whole scene is one which makes the beholder wish to linger. The return trip is even more delightful, \yitl^ its continual succpssion of qharmini^ vistas, than that going down {he river. 36 POINTS or INTEREST. HARVEY'S LAKE. By far the most attractive spot to be easily reached from VVilkes-Barre is Harvey's Lake. This is twelve miles distant from the city, and is reached by stage over a fine mountain road. The ride itself far more than compensates for any fatigue incurred, even without the view of the lake itself. If this lake were but a little less removed from the beaten path of travel, its fame would, long ere this, " on all the winds have flown." It is to the northwest of Wilkes-Barre, and lies on the very summit of a moun- tain one thousand feet above the level of the Susquehanna. All around it rise the wooded slopes of still higher mountains, shutting it in to an inviolate seclusion. It is simply an enormous mountain spring, covering a space of over two square miles, and is about two hundred feet in depth. Its waters of an intense sapphire blue, except along the shore where overhanging forests darken them into utter opaqueness. The spot is a favorite resort of amateur fishermen, the supply of fish being superior and abundant. The Lake House is an attractive hostelry, large, commodious, and with broad piazzas on which it is a delight to sit and dream, if one is too indolent or too weary to row out upon the translucent waters. But those who want to take in the full charm of the lake will secure a broad-keeled boat, and leisurel}' explore all its hidden reaches and re- cesses, shut in by jutting points covered with thick woods along the shore. LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN AND WYOMING CAMP GROUND. Lying directly back from the village of Wyoming is Lookout Mountain, the highest point in the Kingston range on the west of the Valley. The lovely mountain road ■which leads to it winds up through Schooley's Gap, down which came the pitiless in- vaders upon the doomed Valley one hundred years ago. More than half way up the mountain, upon its western declivit3\ you come upon the Wyoming Camp Ground. It lies upon a broad plateau, covered with a heavy growth of pine and beech and maple. Through the forest have been cut the avenues upon which the cottages have been built, and as you drive past you catch only glimpses of them from the highway. At camp meeting time, during the last week of August, the road and the woods are alive with people. The spot makes a pleasant summer resort, and some of the cottages are al- ways inhabited during the three months of the "heated term." Beyond the camp ground the road stretches up for another mile over often steep and rocky ground to the mountain summit. The view from here is the most extensive one to be obtained from any point that overlooks the Valley. The whole of the historic vale lies outspread below one in the near view. To the northeast stretches out the Lackawanna Valley, sometimes called "the sister of Wyoming." Through it you can see across Scranton, and Dunmore beyond, to where the smoke curls up from No. 6 plane on the gravity road, of which there will be further occasion to speak. To the south and southeast the view spreads on, taking in the Lehigh Valley also as far as to the Lehigh Gap below Mauch Chunk. OVER THE PENNSYLVANIA COAL COMPANY'S GRAVITY ROAD. This wonderful achievement of engineering skill, with its twenty-two planes — (twelve on the "loaded track" outward, and ten on the return "light track") — was built in 1850 to convey the coal from the upper Wyoming region across the Wyoming and Moosic ranges to Hawley, where it connects with a branch of the Erie Railway, and is thence conveyed by it to tidewater. It begins at Port Griflith, a suburb of Pittston almost di- rectly opposite the Wyoming Monument, on the east side of the river. The distance from that point to Hawie}' is 47 miles. Many persons who wish to enjoy the mountain and wilderness beauty through which it passes take the coal cars at Pittston. But it is better to omit the first five planes, which carry the road across the Wyoming ranges, and to start from No. 6, at Dunmore, alreadj' mentioned. This borough immediately joins Scranton, and from the foot of No. 6 the " Pioneer" — the little train of pleasure cars — starts at 7.30 a. m. for the trip to Hawley across the Moosic range or Highlands. This is the most picturesque part of the road ; and the distance from Dunmore to Haw- ley is 35 of the entire 47 miles. But before leaving Pittston for Scranton, the stranger should not fail to visit the scene of THE BURNING MINE. Ordinarily a mine fire is utterly out of sight and reach of all persons save those who have the perilous task of battling with it, hundreds of feet under ground. But this fire in the PSutler Coal Company's works happens to be in the Baltimore vein, where it strikes upward to its " outcrop," or terminus ne.ir tUc surface. Passengers on the Le- high and Susquehanna road, where it passes to the east of Pittston, can see the curling steam and sulphurous gases as they rush up from the great cave holes and fissures on the hill slope. For the fire is almost on the very sutnmit of Butler Hill, high above the POINTS OK INTEREST. 37 Valley ; so that water cannot be turned in to flood the mine. And the vein lies here so near the surface that it continually undermines the earth, and breaks it up into open- ings more or less like volcano craters, so that there is no possibility of forcing and shutting in steam to destroy the fire. The only resource was to surround it with a deep trench cut deep enough to reach below the vein, to face the trench on either side with solid stone, and leave the fire to burn itself out in the enclosed space — which it will take at least five years to do. There are now over sixty acres of burning coal, and through many of the great cave holes you m.ay catch the crimson glow, and see the overlying rock crumbling to white ashes. The sulphurous fumes that rush up from .these places, and the intense heat at some points under your feet will give you a vivid idea of Dante's or Milton's regions of despair, as they pictured themselves to them. But where the surface is not yet broken its deep, intense green forms an exquisite con- trast to these desolate spots. The under ground fires first force the vegetation into lusty life before destroying it, and the cattle are dotted about in the verdurous spots, peacefully cropping the luxuriant grass where in another daj' may be desolation. IN SCRANTON, AND ACROSS THE MOOSIC HIGHLANDS. Even those persons who are not usually interested in the triumphs of mechanics could not but feel themselves repaid by a morning spent in the ClifT Locomotive Works of the Dickson Company, and at the blast furnaces of the Lackawanna Iron and Coal Company. It may interest a great many who saw the Corliss engine at the Philadelphia International Exhibition to know that, while that engine was a little over 2,000 horse power, each of these at the blast furnaces is over 4,000 horse power. For those who, before leaving the coal region, desire to go DOWN INTO A MINE. they cannot do better than, if in Scranton, to drive out to the Pyne Shaft in Kaiser Valley. Or, if in Pittston, to seek admission to the Exeter Shaft and mine in West Pittston. Or, if in Wilkes-Barre, to obtain the desired boon at the Diamond mine. But there are plenty of others at hand, if it be not convenient to reach these. THE MOOSIC HIGHLANDS. Of the trip across the Moosic on the gravity railroad it can but be said that there is no one to whom it can fail to bring thorough delight. Of its long succession of planes every one, as its height is reached, presents a different vista of forest, mountain, and stream. No two miles of the journey are alike ; the change and contrast are delight- ful. You breathe in an ever fresh delight as your arrowy, fireless train sweeps onward. Nowhere can you bring the charge of monotony against the landscape — now a rush through a narrow cut in the solid rocks, where the train scarce finds room ; nowa wide vision on either hand, a view across the valley, of stream, and upland losing itself in the far distance in another range of hills, until the misty outline of others still beyond blending with the faint blue in the sky; then a rushing waterfall, or long quiet stretch of the primeval forest, thick with undergrowth and fascinating in its deep silence. Paupack Falls, at Hawley, are well worth seeing in the three hours the train waits there, before leaving at i p. m. for the return journey. Jones's Lake, in full view at the foot of No. 19, is a lovely sheet of water, a favorite resort for excursion parties. - The road from this point to Bunker Hill, just above Dunmore, is exquisite in its ro- mantic alternation of woodland, rushing brook, and abrupt grandeur of cliff andheadt land. Like many another trip this keeps its best things for the last. Leaving your las plane, No. 21, in the distance you speed round a double curve, and over the bridge where Roaring Brook sounds far below, and find your iron pathway circling midway the mountain opposite to and towered overby Barney's Bluff. The tiny train sweeps on, clinging closer to the mountain side on the narrow ledge it follows, halfway down the precipitous wall. It hurries under Hanging Rock as if afraid it might fall upon you. And presently a sudden curve and swift descent brings you out directly above the city of Scranton, and at 3 p. m. you find yourself at your morning starting place. CARBONDALE, CRYSTAL LAKE, AND THE GRAVITY ROAD TO HONES- DALE. Those whose time will permit them to explore further this beautiful region will do well to take the Delaware and Hudson Railroad at Scranton, and go up to Carbondale. an hour's ride, at the head of Lackawanna Valley. To Crystal Lake is a drive of six miles across the mountain road. It is a beautiful sheet of water, well deserving its name, and covering over 300 acres. Its depth in many places is unknown, the sound- ing line having failed to touch bottom. Like Haivey's Lake, it is an immense moun- f^in spring. 38 POINTS OF INTEREST. From Carbondale you reach Honesdale over the Delaware and Hudson Coal Com- pany's gravity road. This presents a complete contrast in the charm of its scenery to that of the Pennsylvania Coal Company of the Moosic. That, as we have seen, is a wild, solitary, wilderness beauty. This reveals a picture of undulating hills, of cul- tured valleys, of upland levels — a rich farming region with its happy homesteads and waving harvest fields. Halfway down No. 9 you catch a glimpse of the Catskills, eighty miles away. At Honesdale you may look up — or climb, if you choose — Irving's Clifil, so called on the 4th of July, 1844, when the renowned Washington Irving visited Honesdale, and ascended the cliff. On the return journey you sweep through some deep cuts and around some dizzy ravines, of which the most famous is known as Shep- herd's Crook. The distance from Carbondale to Honesdale is 16 miles, and you cross twelve planes in going and returning. MANY OTHER PLACES might be named, of the numerous points of interest in this vicinity, but a visit to all of these will employ much time, and the observing tourist will readily acknowledge that the half has not been told of the unrivaled wonders and beauties of the Wyoming Valley. 37/ITCHB',CK RAILROAD, MOOSIC HIGHLANDS, Scranton, Penn. y.tiqva'-i'il eri>re.i> SOITH MAIS STRKKT. PITTSTON, PA, 45 Millinery and Fancy Goods, WEST PITTSTON, PA. Miss Maggie Cosgrovs, FASHIONABLE DRESSMAKER, Eine Sewing of all kinds in the latest styles, over P. Henry's Store, 56 South Main St., Pittston, Pa. DR. E. B. LONG,_ Main Street, Pittston Pa. LACEYVILLE, PA. GEO L. KENNARD, - Proprietor. Contractor & Builder, WEST PITTSTON, PA. General Jobbing and Repairing Promptly Done. EST-A^BX-iISiaiEir) 1SS2. ■W^i «T3^^K. 'is /?yVZ? WHOLESALE DEALER IN CORDIALS, BITTERS, &a 75^ South Main Street, PITTSTON, PA. tir 8^Q., AT MBTAllh F^iaiS, ESTABLISHED 1848. PITTSTOI BEEWERY, Manufacturers of Ale and Porter. P. V^INTERS, Saloon and Restaurant. THE BEST QUALITY of Malt and Hops used in the manufacture of their Ale and Porter, which are unsurpassed. ^IRWIN HOUSET Cor. Main & Mill Sts., Pittston, Pa. (OPPOSITE IRON BRIDGE.) RAIHGEBER & GINZ, - Proprietors. Choicest Imported Wines and Liquors, and best brands of Cigars, LEVY BLOCK, PITTSTON, PA, Labor Reform House, WM. H. LLOYD, Proprietor. A large Brick Stable, with room for forty horses, connected with the house. Fine Wines, Liquors and Cigars always on hand. Fresh Lager always on tap. Sole Agents for Forest Castle Brewery Co.'s Celebrated Bottled Beer, for Pittston and vicinity. 46 Bar supplied with Purest Liquors and best brands of Cigars, 20{> SOUTH MAIN STREET. PITTSTON, PA. T. R. STALEY, M:\% Clocks ad Jswslry ! CAREFULLY REPAIRED. No. 2 WATER STREET, PITTSTON, PA. In Mahon's Sewing Machine Depot. JOEL BRENTON, MISS A. ALLEN, DEALER IN Books and Stationery ! 57 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PITTSTON, PA. DEALER IN Painters' Supplies, Wall Paper, WINDOW SHADES, GLASS, PICTURE FRAMES, (Stc, Main Street, Opposite First National Bank, PITTSTON, PA. D. eT^aylor, DEALER IN FOREIGN k DOMESTIC DRY-GOODS, SACKS' BLOCK, ONE PRICE ONLY! THE BAT^tTtIT ORGANS! -^T R. Siiiitli's Jewelry Store, 33 SOUTH .MAIN STREET. PITTSTON, PA. SCHOOL BOOKS A SPECIALTY. ~H. E. AR M E S, GROCER, AND Dealer in Vegetables ! 2G3 SOITH MAIN STREET. PITTSTON, PA. UNDERTAKER, AND Furniture Dealer, No. 209 NORTH MAIN ST., PITTSTON, PA. a. hiiTLers. Wholesale and Retail Dealer in LEATHER! AND FINDINGS, No. 207 NORTH MAIN ST., (Ackley Building), PITTSTON, PA. 47 QEO. ADAMS, DEALER IN BOOTS & SHOES. GAITERS, RUBBERS, &c. Custom Work and Repairing done at Short Notice. MAIN STREET, PITTSTON, PA. EVAN R. JONES, MANUFACTURER OF STONE\VARE, COMPRISING JUGS, CHURNS, MILK-PANS, Spittoons ; Cream, Butter and Flower Pots, Milk-Pans, Pickle and Preserve Jars, Stove Tubes, Calla Pots, &c., 566 North Main St., Pittstoii, Pa. The best quality of Ware oflered at the very lowest prices that can be afforded. Bills of any magnitude put up on short notice. 8. F, WILMAMB ^ CO,, Wholesale ar.d Retail Dealer in and a general line of goods belonging to the trade, STOVES, LAMPS, &G., &G., Butler Store Building, PITTSTON, PENNA. Edwards" Flour Weigher and Sifter^ The Housekeeper's Invaluable Friend. I3^.i^ S T O IS E, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Tesi8j C'Oiees ami Bpices, CASE k KNIGHT, 44 SOnir MAIxN STREET, PITTSTON, PA. Dr.&.W.WILLIAISOI, 213 South Main Street, PITTSTON, PA. Who has practiced medicine and surgery over thirty years, and twenty years of that time in this county, has, after much solic- itation, concluded to make a specialty of treating CANCERS. Best of references and testimonials fur- nished on application. ;^.BHOAi)^^ APOTHECARY AND DBUGQIST, No. 8 South Main Street, PITTSTON, PA. GEO. W. BENEDICT, PITTSTON, PA. Is going to close out his entire Grocer)- stock and deal in nothing but FLOUR, FEED Hay and Grain. All parties wishing to buy Groceries at a bargain will please call. BUTLER HOUSE Main Street, Pittston, Pa. TEIElIiviES 2s/£OIDE3I^.<^T:H!. First-Class Accommodations for Transient Guests. 48 JOHN TREFFISON. MRS. J. McDOUGALL, DEALER IN SCHOOL AND HYMN BOOKS, MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS. PRAYER BOOKS. All the Newspapers and Periodicals of the da}-, and everything pertaining to a FIRST-CLASS BOOK bTORE. 115 South Main Street, Plttston, Pa. J. & A. McDOUGALL, DEALERS IN STO YES, HEATERS, R AHGES Tin, Sheet-Iron and Hollow-Ware, HOUSE FURNISHING GOODS, GLASS AND WILLOW-WARE. Roofing and Repairing Promptly Attended to. prrxsTON. PA^ W. L. McDOUGALL, fyyy fei.|lj/^'iLlLiJL%*/=ikdi" GE »|J ^ W ^ Jl ESaRAVIIf& A SPECIALTY. MoDQWadLL'S GQENEE, FITTBTQM, FA. 49 STEEL AND IRON, ROUND AND FLAT WIRE ROPE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. FOR SHAFTS. SLOPES. FERRIES. GUYS. ELEVATORS. &C. A Large Stock of All Sizes constantly on hand, from which orders can be furnished at short notice. Address HAZARD MANUFACTURING CO.. ■\;^7"ill^es-B£irre, XjiJLzeriie Co., IPa. WIIxLIAMS&ATEN, : T 7^ T\ \ A f A VT MANUFACTURERS OF L/, VTr X^ JTA^ iVJL ^ A. J. \ ^ LIGHT CARRIAGES, BUGGIES, I'llAETUNS, LIGHT AND HEAVY SPRING WAGONS. Repairing and Horse-Shoeing neatly done. W. D. WILLIAMS, S. W. ATEN. Warren St., West Pittston. Livery and Boarding Stable, (Rear of Residence.) RIVER ST, WEST PITTSTON. READ THIS. ' 3"- T- TOHiTEs, WE KEEP A HANDSOIVIE LINE OF EMBROIDERIES, LISLE THREAD and KID GLOVES, FANCY PEARL BUTTONS, RIB- BONS, HOSIERY, CORSETS and NOTIONS. Cheviot Shirting a Specialty. n. E- coT7;r-^isiD, "Water St., Pittston, P»a. PLUMBER. GAS AND WATER PIPE WORK A SPECIALTY: Cor. Butler ^ Main Sts., GET YOUR MEALS AT EUROPEAN HOTEL, 50 COR. EAST MARKET AND CANAL STS., ■WILKES-BARRB. TERMS, $i.oo PER DAY. LOOK OUT FOR THE OLD POLLOCK HOUSE WITH THE DEMOCRATIC, LABOR REFORM and REPUBLICAN TICKETS. Wyoming, Pa. C. S. STARK, A T T C R II E Y AT LAV/. PITTSTON, PA. JOHN RICHARDS' LAW OFFICE, TEMPERANCE HALL BUILDING, PITTSTON. in. c. IvrosiFGR, ATTORNEY AT LAY/, SECOND DOOR BELOW MINERS' BANK, PITTSTON, PA. Gr. S. inERRis, ATTORNEY AT LAY/, FIRST NATIONAL BANK BUILDING, PITTSTON, PA. READ AND BE WISE. 2,500,000 Acres of the best wheat and grazing lands in the United States for sale by the ATCHI- SON, TOPEKA AND SANTA FE RAILROAD CO. in SOUTHWESTERN KAN- SAS, at the astonishingly low price of FROM $2.50 to $0.00 per acre, and ELEVEN YEARS' CRE'DIT, or .'i.'i 1-3 per cent. ofT for cash— thus GIVING A MAN A FARM ALMOST AT HIS OWN PRICE AND UPON HIS OWN TERMS, where it is no uncommon thing for an energetic man to pa}' for his farm and the im- provements and cultivation thereof from the first crop, thereby securing for himself a home and all the attending comforts in the short space of eighteen months or two )-ears, besides being assured withal that when you move your family into that country you are going into ONE OF THE HEALTHIEST SECTIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, where no such thing as miasma was ever known to exist, and where an abundant supply of WATER IS TO BE FOUND. OF THE PUREST KIND, which can be obtained by digging at nearly all points from six to thirty feet. COAL IS ALSO BEING DEVELOPED for fuel in many portions of the Stale, furnished to the settlers at from $2.50 to $6 per ton. Where parties are desirous of securing for themselves and families ahome, I think NO OTHER SUCH OPPORTUNITY EXISTS WITHIN THE LIMITS OF THE STATES. For any and all particulars relative to prices of lands, location thereof, excursion, passenger and freight rates, apply to the District Agent of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad Co. at PITTSTON. A98 A^orth Main St. 51 INSURANCE AGENCY, (Room No, 2, Second Floor of Gazette Building,) MAIN ST., PITTSTON, PA. Represents Some of the Most Reliable Companies in the United States. I have a Company that insures nothing but Dwellings, Barns, and their contents; must be separate from business places. Brick and Stone Churches a specialt}'. In- sures against damage by lightning, whether fire ensues or not. Live Stock insured in diis Company will be paid for if killed b}' lightning on the premises. The Farmers' and 3Iechanics' Mutual Insurance Co , of MILLERSBURG, PA., With Assets to Meet Losses Over $310,000. Specialty on Stores, Hotels, Shops, Farm Properties, &c., outside of large cities and •oil regions, and only insures within the State. Insures no steam works, coal breakers, and like hazardous properties — thereby making this one of the most desirable compa- nies for the above properties. SURPLUS RISKS placed in the strongest companies in the United States. BENJ. JONES, Agent. SOMETHING ITEVT ! There is being manufactured in Pittston an improved PATENT CHURN, which makes butter in the remarkably short space of FIVE MINUTES, taking out every drop of buttermilk, and producing as good butter as can be made by the most ap- proved processes, besides yielding more butter than the ordinary churn. All having Avork of this kind to do should examine this wonderful invention and learn how to ob- viate the labor of churning, which even dogs slink and hide away from. From ^'J' to ljil5, according to size, will buy one of these churns, and it is not surprising that thev are being manufactured by thousands. There is evidently a day of deliverance at hand for the wearv and worn who ply early and late at the old dash churn. This new invention is called the " PRIDE OF THE EAST" FIVE MINUTES CHURN, and is manufactured and sold by T. S. BARRITT, PITTSTON, PA. They are made of ash and pine, put together in the best and most substantial manner, and every one war- ranted. MRS. M. L. BROWN'S I=^a.sl:LiorLa,1ole 3ivd:illirLer37- Store, People's Bank Building, Pittston, Pa. All the latest styles and the most elegant assortment of Trimmings and Flowers kept in this section. The best hands in the business are em_ loyed. FINE WORK A SPECIALTY. Piitsion Sswer Pipe Gompany, MANUFACTURERS OF SCOTCH VITRIFIED PIPE CHIMNEY TOPS, Fire Srick and Oven Bottom lilo, PITTSTON, PA. crofutWuseT L. & B. JUNCTION. Meals it Iwki at All Mi, AND EVERY ATTENTION GIVEN TO GUESTS. J. T. CROFUT, Prop. C. I A. CHAPMAN, SURVEYOR AND CIVIL ENGINSER P. O. Address. P. HENRY & CO., Wholesale and Retail Dealers in GIVE ME A CALL. OPPOSITE THE DEPOT. LEWIS COHENT Merchant Tailor, AND DEALER IN GENTS' FURNISHING GOODS, 65 South Main Street, PITTSTON, PA. €, M,WILLIAMS^€CD., AT Lowest Cash Figures, 56 South Main Street, Pittston, Pa, MANUFACTURERS OF CARRIAGES & WAGONS, LIGHT AND HEAVY, of all descriptions. 4S South Main Street, PITTSTON, PA. GEO. W, STRENG, PBQPEIETOH, A First-Class Barber Shop and Spacious Hall. I GENERAL JOBBING PROMPTLY DONE. Exeter St., West Pittston, Pa. 53 A FULL LINE OF Gents' Furnishing Goods, Trunks, Satchels, Traveling Bags, dic. 137 NORTH 3IAIN STREET, PITTSTON, PA. THE XjE-^3DEI3. The LEADER goes weekly into 2,500 homes in Luzerne county, and is read by at ieast 12,000 people. It is acknowledged to be one of the best weekly papers in Pennsylvania. It is of interest to the Family Circle, to the Business Public, to the Political World, to the Moral Community, to the Young Men, to the Young Women, to Boys and Girls, in fact to everybody who can read. It is a live journal, keeping pace with the times. Sparing no pains to please the people, and according to its Motto, The Welfare of the People its Supreme Law. Its wonderful success is unprecedented, showing that the people appreciate a news- paper printed especially for them. The best advertising medium in Luzerne ! Subscription price, $r.50 per year. Send in your name, and have the LEADER left by the carrier or mailed to your ad- dress. CONYNGHAM & PAINE, WHOLESALE DEALERS IN PROYISIONS. PORK-PACKERS AND SMOKERS. Hams, Shoulders, Smoked and Dry Salt Breakfast Bacon, Lard in Tierces, Tubs and Tin Pails Constantly on Hand. Office in Central Store, between L. & S. and L V. R. R. Depots, WILKES-BARRE, PA. Track Connections ivith both Roads. PROPRIETORS OF EMPIRE, SUGAR NOTCH AND ASHLEi MINING STORES. L. C. PAIJYE. ' L. C. & J. C. PAi:NrE, WHOLESALE DEALERS IN OILS KEROSEJVE, MIMERS, L UBRICATIJVG, LARD, LlJf- SEED AJYD OTHER OILS. •J E ^V K T T & S O JSr S ' "WHITE 11, E A D. OFFICE AND WAREHOUSE NEAR L. & S. AND L. V. R. R. DEPOTS. WILKES-BARRE, PA. BOOKS, STATIONERY AND FANCY GOODS, J\rO. 2 PUBLIC SQUARE, Orders for American or Foreign Publications not in Stock will Receive JPrompt Attention. 54 M. NORTON, ^Vjvr) DE^LEPi i?^ t^> -ft ^SjSJQCTS^ Wyoming House Block, 415 Lackawanna Avenue, 1|@^Furnishing of Churches f^ Halls a Specialty. CHICKERING PIANOS, POWELL'S MUSIC STORE, 115 WYOMING AVENUE, SCRANTON, PA. THE ONLY PLACE TO BUV WHITE and GOLD-BAND CHINA, ra ANY NUMBER OF PIECES WANTED, Fine Cutlery &. Silver-Plated Ware, dic, IS AT H. A. COURSENS. Norton Brothers, ^teamhipteiK^^tatioper?, 303 "Wyoming -A.-\-ern.ie, SCRANTON, PA. GOLDSMITH BROTHERS, No. 304 Lackawanna Avenue, 422 Lackawanna Avenue, SCRAHTON, PA. JOBBING A SPECIALTY, SCRANTON, PA W. J. NAGLE, Carriase Trimer M Faiiter 5.59 SOUTH MAIN STREKT, PITTSTON, PA. A. C. KONARSON, 107 Wyoming Ave., Scranton, Pa., Dealer in Diamosis, Watches, Clocks, Jevelrj, SILVER AND PLATED-WARE. THE SCRANTON REPUBLICAN, 1746 Best Advertising Mediums in Northeastern I'tnnsylvania THE iOB DEPARTMENT has better facilities for doing all kinds of Book and Job Printing than any other office in this part of the stale. The Only Book-Bindery in the proposed new County of Lackawanna is in the Republican Office. 55 "TAKEN IN." 'iJ'Jil'llll'lli'i^^'fllHillhftui THIS FARMER WAS TAKEN IN WHILE ON HIS WAY TO THE ONE PRICE CLOTHIER. Opposite the Wyoming House, soie^^n^Ton^, lE^a.. 56 Esarj^BLXSHEX) isso. rtTTBTO^gf, S>S:W3»^A. The Oldest and most Widely Circulated Paper in Luzerne County. For nearly thirty years the Gazette has maintained its position as the ', ;cling paper in the Wyoming Valley, and is without a rival. It circulates thoroughly throughout Luzerne and adjoining counties, and in Pittston and adjacent farming districts and mining settlements, is taken generally by the large class who patronize but one weekly home paper. Emigrants to various parts of the country, who desire to keep informed in regard to affairs at their old home, almost invariably subscribe for the Gazette in preference to any other county paper, and all over the land— East, West, North and South, in Canada and Great Britain — the Gazette makes its welcome weekly visits to over two thousand homes, having upwards of TEN THOUS^jSTE) READERS. For several years past we have devoted special attention to the publication of local historical and biographical sketches. This feature will be retained in the Gazette and no effort spared to extend its reputation as A FIRST-CLASS FAMILY JOURNAL. We are about to begin the publication of a series of local historical papers of thrilling interest — ''truth stranger than fiction" something whicii has never yet been recorded by any historian, and which will certainly attract great^ attention throughout the State. The GAZETTE is recognized as one of the Best Advertising Mediums among the Weekly Papers of the State. Terms, T\vo Dollars pei' AnnLim. THEO. HART, JR., liditor and Pidprieior. 57 WISNER & STRONG, Mianiafactvix'ei's of r- STEAMS ENOINES, BOILERS, Crackers, Shafting, Drums MINE PUMPS AND MINING MACHINERY GENERALLY, A\^est Fittston, Pa. THE DAILY l^^tOril mxn^ PUBLISHED AT "WILKES-BARRE, PA. The only Daily Evening Paper in the County receiving: Associated Press Dispatches. Correspondents furnish daily letters containing all the Local News from Scranton, Pittston, Mauch Chunk, Berwick, Shickshinny, and other important points. m- FURNISHED REGULARLY EVERY EVENING AT ALL POINTS WITHIN REACH OF THE RAILROADS AT 50 CENTS PER MONTH. Address— Record of tlie Times, WILKES-BARRE, PA. J. C. Engel, ORUGGISTi PHARMACEUTIST Drdgs, Keiicines, Fane; Articlss, Ic, Cor. Main & Northampton Sts., WILKES-BARRE, PA. Soda and Mineral Waters. HARNESS MANUFACTURER, 122 & i24Penn Avenue, D. B. Brainard, . Prop'r. FIRST-CLASS ACCOMMODATIONS. O- Mates, $2.00 per Day. and dealer in lips, Blankets, Robes, Pl|-Nets VALISES, TRAVELING BAGS, &.c., 113 West Market St., 'WILKES-BARRE, PA. I^. "W. Haiglit, WATCHMAKER and JEWELER, Wyoming National Bank Building, 138 West Market St., WILKES-BARKE. Always on hand a full line of American "Watches both in Gold and Silver Cases. ^^ Careful attention paid to repairing fine Watches, Clocks and Jewelry. ^n xmTn^v^t> COAL BREAKER. For many years those interested in coal operations in the Anthracite fields have felt the absolute necessity of an improvement in the machinery used for preparing coal. This want has been sui)plied in the invention of Joseph B. Miller, of Wilkes-Barre. The improved Coal Breaker does away with the cyl- inder system, substituting therefor a substantial machine, with a hopper at each end ; between the hoppers is an eccentric, driven by the main shaft. The inner side ol the hoppers is a perforated plate through which pass pointed steel teeth, striking the coal and crushing it; as the teeth are withdrawn by the mo- tion of the eccentric, the coal passes toward the screen. The leading features of this invention are : Simplicity of construction, durability, economy of wear and tear and a great saving in the waste of coal. The invention can be easily applied to the crushing of any other minerals or ores, and its general utility must commend itself readily to any and all pur- poses for which it is designed. The inventor, Mr. Joseph B. Miller, is draughtsman at the Vulcan Iron Works of Wilkes Barre, under the superinten- dency of E. H. Jones, an establishment favorably known for the superiority of the machinery built there. The Improved Coal Breaker will be manufactured by the Vulcan Iron Works, where models of the invention may be seen and its practicability tested. !;irs Srick anl Terra Cstta Works. HUTCHIHS, SHOEMAKER & CO., :PI^OI=I^IDsa?OI^s. OFFICE AND TACTORY WYOMING, PA- Manufacturers of Fire Brick, Boiler Blocks, Chink Blocks, Drain Pi pe, Sewer Pipe, Heat Pipe, Chimney Tups, Chimney Flues, &c. City and Town Sewers contracted for, and estimates furnished on appli- cation. All of our Sewer Pipe is salt-glazed vitrified and as durable as any imported English or Scotch Pipe. LACKAWANNA VALLEY HOUSE, W. & G, F. TOWNEND, I, E, WHIPPLE, Proprietor, The most convenient House to the D. L. & W. Depot in the City. Dealers iii Boots, Shoes & Rubbers WYOMING, Pa. 59 WILSON'S iDKua Stoke i WYOMING, PA. .^^^ Prescriptions carefully compounded. !^ ! t t TPIIS COMMODIOUS and attractive Printing House was constructed in 1872, by J. A Scranton, proprietor of The Republican, the cost of the property being $50,000. It is built of cream colored brick from Milwaukee, Wis., and richly trimmed with gray limestone from Syracuse, N. Y., the basement and first story front being entirely of stone. The window openings and pilasters are richly trimmed with f-tone, and the main en- trance stoop and steps are of the same mate- rial. The interior of the building is admira- bly arranged for the business, well furnished with all modern conven- iences and heated throughout with steam. The several departments of the establishment, which includes a well appointed BOOK BIND- ERY and extensive JOB PRINTING OFFICE, occupy nearly all of the entire building, five sto- ries and basemeut-cellar. The power is furnished by a twenty-five horse engine of fine finish and design, which runs five new fast presses of the most approved make and design, being unsurpassed by any others in the State? it also moves two elevators communicating between the basement and the upper stories. The Republican is one of the most prosperous newspapers in the State, and has a larger daily circulation than any Pennsylvania journal outside of Philadel- phia and Pittsburg, while its weekly circulation is also large and of a superior character. 60 LUZERNE HOUSE, ■^7;7-EST iFiTTSTonsr, :e=.^^, TMQS. aMI^FPEMMWi, 'Pmo^mmwom. rmEST srauEE resobt m the wyomikg vallet. 'O Love! in such a wilderness as this, Where transport and security entwine, Here is the empire of thy perfect bliss. And here thou art a God indeed divine. Here shall no forms abridge, no hours confine. The views, the walks, that boundless joy inspire !" — Gettrude of Wyoming. LOCALITY. This House is located in the heart of the far-famed Wyoming Valley, and in the very centre of the grandest panorama of natural scenery in the whole country. Its porticoes are fanned by the breezes which sweep over the broad Susquehanna and the lovely Vale of Wyoming for miles, and are shadowed on the northwest by the historic heights of Campbell's Ledge. About it, above it, and upon all sides, classic beauties rise to invite admiration and charm the sight'. It offers unequaled inducements as a place of summer rest and recreation, especially of ladies or gentlemen of limited means. It has every convenience of a summer house; it is situated within half a mile of the picturesque Susquehanna, which can be reached through any of the beautiful avenues of West Pitt- ston. On the other side lies the long range of wooded hills with their winding moun- tain roads and romantic solitudes. The Lackawanna & Bloomsburg and Lehigh Valley Railroads offer almost hourly facilities for delightful excursions oi from two to twenty miles, and the depot of the former road is within a hundred yards of the house. SURROUNDINGS. There is not a locality in the State which offers so many excellent advantages for en- joyment in the way of drives and rambles, as West Pittston. From the Luzerne House for miles up and down the river, the handsomest of roads stretch away, all wide and level, and for the most part shaded by grand old trees which have stood the stormy shocks of centuries. The mountain passes are all in excellent condition, affording the finest opportunity for travel among their primeval shadows. The Susquehanna affords splendid opportunities for boating, and hundreds of small craft and little pleasure steamers offer fine advantages to sail over the placid waters and to view the glorious sunsets which here have an especial charm and beauty peculiarly their own. A few hours' drive or walk leads to streams and lakes abounding in trout and other fish. The whole country about is bewildering in its extravagance of beauty. The rooms of the Luzerne House being very large and airy, many of them suitable for accommodating three or four persons, the proprietor offers board to such as, for the sake of reduced rates, prefer so to share their rooms, at very reasonable figures. Persons intending to visit this famous resort would do well to engage rooms at once, and a letter addressed to the proprietor. West Pittston, would suffice to secure accom- modations for any length of time. For terms and further information, apply to or address, THOS. HALFPENNY, Proprietor. 6i J.FRANKLKE, ALEX. FARNH AM, LATHAN W. JONES, F. r. MOSIER, President. Secretary. Treasurer. General Manager. A emmwAW I3^00:RI=0I?.-^TDEID. 1877. MANUFACTURERS OF P REVOLVING FIRE • ARMS. NICKEL ■ PLATING Promptly Executed. Having an armory equipped with improved machinery are now turning out Revolvers which in price, durability design and finish will compare with those of any Fire arms Manufactory in the world. Steam Fire Engines, Hose Carriages, Trumpets, Military Equipments, Old Guns, Pistols, Cutlery, &c., &c., Nickel Plated, and all work warranted. H. H. HAMLIN, General Aorent, 26 Warren St., New York. Mom/faeturers and Dealers in AMdMllEmii §i light fB&Mii. Repairing Neatly Done on Reasonable Terms. Wyoming, Pa. Wholesale and Retail Dealer in WATCHES, DIAMONDS, JEWELRY, CLOCKS AND BRONZES. la, BQ PmM§ BQmBE, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Special agent for the Gorham Solid Silver Ware, and Rogers' Knives, Forks and Spoons. Having the largest jewelry establishment in Northern Pennsylvania, we can offer special advantages. 62 iSJkAO ■ MVTi Wholesale and Retail Dealer in i DR.Y QOODi ■«Tia»g, Sorai, B'Br Gtooms Stobess 330 Lackawanna Avenue Scranton,Pa. 131 War k et Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. fl'bolesale and Retail Dealer in Groceries, ProTisioDs, DRY GOODS, I'lT'THTOIV, £»A. LIVERY i BOARDING STABLE. FIRST-CLxVSS ACCOMMODATIONS. Water «t., PITTSTOlSr, Pa. Henry Colieii, Merchant Tailor and Dealer in fine READY-MADE CLOTHING, 123 North Main St., PITTSTON. PA, 63 THE Ne^v York Store, 20 N. Main St., Pittston, Pa., 13: E .^ ID<^ TJ ^^ I^ T E I^ S DRY GOODS. WALTER & BRYDEN, Proprietors. LEHIGH VALLEY RAILROAD HOUSE NKXT TO THE DEPOT, 'WI3L.KES-BA.RR.B, P^^. ANTON LINDACHER Prop'r. J^*- Meals and lodging at all hours of day and night, F. B. McCANNA, HOTEL & LIVERY. FINE BAND WAGON FOR PARTIES. 8 South Main St., Pittston, Pa. WHOLESALE DEALERS IN TOBA.CCO JkN^D CIGJIlRlS, MUSIC HALL BLOCK, PITTSTON, PA. 5®°" Agents for J. Eavenson & Sons' Family and Fine Toilet Soaps. . G. WHYTE. H. E. WHYTE. LUZERNE BOTTUi HOUSE, "WILK.ES-T3A.RRE] - HCRAjSTTOISr W, E. Wh^i Smi, Pi§fi, EOTTXjEE,S OIF J5®°Clausen's Celebrated New York Lager a Special ty"®a wm. m. clark, Enqmayem ow Woojd>^ 434 Chcslnnt St., PHILADELPHIA. GJ^- IVI- STAIMi, Dealer in Fine GROCERIES m PROVIINS, Wyoming, Pa. BURSCHElTs CiOlfHSTIEIlR J8@=-THE MOST POPULAR Ifi PITTSTOX-^M Opposite the Butler House PITTSTON, PA. APlTAIi, .... $500,000 Surplus, SIOO.OOO. T. Strong. Pres't, T. Ford V.Pres't. W. L. Watson, Cashier. People's Savings Bank Pixxgs-rojsr, I'a. Capital, $75,000. C. S. STARK, Pres't. SAM'L PRICE. V. Pres't. H. C DEWEY, Cashier. Miners' Savings Bank, PITTSTON, PA. A. A. Bryden, Pres't. J. L. McMiLtAN, V. Pres't. Frank P. Reap, Cashier. 6t INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. PAGE. I Anthony D Cover Alien & Ho.stock I ALLEN, WM 7 AhlborB Bros., Wilkes-Barre 12 Apt, M. C • 4.5 APen, Miss. A 47 Armes, H. E 47 Adams, Geo 48 Burschel, J. A. A. 1 & tU Bech'.old, Wm 4 Brown, J. H 9 Brandenburg, F 10 Butler, Geo 10 Brenton. Willis lii Brown, Harris 10 Berry, W. W 11 Berlew, H. 14 Brvden, J. J 15 Bohan, Paul 1.5 BOSTON STORE, Scranton and Piitston 16 Boston Shoe Store 4i Brune, F 43 Battle. P 44 Baker, J. S 45 Bevan, B 46 Brenton, Joel 47 Benedict, Geo. \V 48 Butler House 4.S Barre't, T. S 52 Brown, Mrs. M. L 52 Brown, S. L, WilUes-Barre 64 CHUMARD, E. M 3 Cosgrove, J. S 45 Cosjirove, Miss Ma;;gie 45 Case & Knight 48 Coward, H. E 50 Crofu" Souse 53 Colien lewis 53 Chapman, C. I. A 53 Conyngham & Paine, Wilkes-Barre 54 Coursen, H. A., Scranton 55 Cohen, Henry 63 Clark. W. M., Phila 64 Lavid, G 9 Durkin, B. J 10 Drury, Wm „ 11 Daman, L. G 50 JJavidsburg, D., Wilkes-Barre 62 Eaton, M. H., Phllad'a 10 Eagle Hotel 11 Evening Pre-s 13 European Hotel. VViiues-Parre 5o Engel, J. C, Wilkes-Barre 58 Eastman, M. J., WestPittslon 45 Fleraiug, Miss Kate 45 Ferris, G S 51 Franklin House 53 First Natl Bank 64 (.iething Hous^ .- "' Galiasiher, J, J 10 Gordon, L 13 Green, J. D, Wyoming 14 Garrett, H. V 15 Goodman, N. G 41 Goldsmith Bros., Scranton 50 Hurlbut, J. S cover Haines, T. W .T. 9 PAGE. Howell, J onah 9 flolvey, Wm 10 Hughes, John 10 Hatfield, D.T 10 Holilen, A.0 41 Hoffman, Justus 45 Hillers, G 47 HAZARD MFG. CO., WilUes-Barre 50 Henry, P. & Co ; 53 Horton Brotheis, ^^cranton 55 HIN'jDELL, Scranton 56 Haight, R. W., Wilkes-Barre -58 Hagadorn & Evans 64 Irwin House 46 Jones, Mis M. A 2 Jordan, N. P., Wilkes-Barre 11 Jnckson. Mrs. W H., West Pittston 45 Jones, Evan R 48 Jones, J. T 50 J nes, Benj 52 S G.Kerr, Scranton 55 Kyte, T. W & H. D., West Pittston cover Kyty, J. R 2 Kerr, W. H 2 Keystone Marble Works 12 Knapp, Dr. A 14 Kennard House, Lacewille 45 Konarson, A. C. Scranion 55 Law & McMillan 5 Llewellyn. Geo. J lo Linnekin, C. A., Wilkes-Barre U Long, Dr. E B 45 Labor Reform House 46 Leader, Wilkes-Barre 54 Lack. Valley House, Scranton 59 Luzevne House, West Pittston 61 Laycock ye Works 5 Parslow & Hester 12 Palmer, G. i .. Wilkes-Burre 12 Pier, Dr. W. F.. Wyoming 14 PITT.-TON LEATHER ST' KE 42 Pitt ton Brewery •. 46 Pollock House. Wyoming 51 Pittston Sewer Pipe Co 53 Paine, L. C. & J. C, Wilkes-Barre. 54 66 INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. PAGE. Powell, L B., Scranton 55 PITTSTON GAZETTE 57 Pittston Arms Co 62 People's Savings Bank tii Richards S. Y 2 & 10 Ross & Co 5 RICHART, G. M 6 Rommel, Frank,Wilke8-Barre 11 Robison, John 12 Rommel, A. B 14 Rockafeller, Frank 14 Ruoff, A 47 Rhoades, 8. H 48 Richards, John 51 Record of the Times, Wilkes-Barre 58 Sharkey, G. F 1 Sharkey, T. M 1 S'ckler, J. S 2 Swartwood, H. L., Wosi Pittston 4 Stevens, Henry 5 Searle. Jas 10 Scott, H. J - 10 Stevens Bros * 12 Sunday Plain Dealer. .^1 13 Stroh, L. N _ -..-. 15 Steinmeyer, W. A 16 Smith, Gfeo 15 Shoematcers, I. C. Sons, Wyoming 44 Stroh, Amos 44 Sturmer, S 45 Scrimgeour, John 45 Smith, N.J..... 46 PAOE. Staley,T. R 47 Smith, Richard 47 Siark, C. S 51 Sacks, L ."iS Stahl, J. W , WHkes-Barre 5S St. Charles Hotel Seraiuoa 58 SO ANTON REPUBLICAN 60 Stark, G.M., Wyoming (4 THOMPSON, G. B cover Taylor. D. E 47 To^'nend, W.& G. F Wyoming 59 UNION STOVE & MFG CO covpr Union Brewery...; ,..ll Williams, J. D 5 WY0.V4L. KNITTING MILLS, West Pittsion 8 ;Willams, Dr.C {M 11 Wyoming Shovel Woiae 11 Walsh Bros 12 Whioton, W. S 12 Wyoming Valley Paper Mill 14 Winters, P 46 Williams, S. P. * Co 48 Williamson, Dr. G. W 48 Williams & Aten. West Pittston 50 Williamson, D .< 51 Wear, James R 51 Williams, C H. A Co.. West Pittston 53 Wisner J: Strong. West Piitston 58 Wyoming Terra Cotta Works 59 Wilson, Druggist, Wyoming ,...59 Walter* Bryden.. 63 Whyte's, W. E. Sons, Wilkes-Barre ! 64 All not otherunse indicated are located in Pittston, ITHACA CALENDAR ITHACA, IS.Y., manufacture the @Mj MeMaMe 0mMm§ai' €ImM MMb ! Indicating Perpetually the Hour, Day of the Week and Month, and the Month of the Year. ACKNOWLEDGED TO BE A NECESSITY IN EVERY BUSINESS OFFICE, AND FAST BECOMING A NECESSITY IN EVERY HOUSEHOLD, Have been manufactured and sold during the past twelve years. Prices Range from $10 to $50, according to the Style of Case. (9] MERCHANT TAIi_OR <-^=^.A.iNriDt Sisli!^ M §snis' yj mOM South Main St. TViivTJEK^S' block:, PITTSTOrJ, PA. Gener ^'l^"^'F'l^ .O ■WEST FiTTSTOisr, :e>^^_ Highest Prices l^nid for Country Proriurr. f S^ FARMERS SUPPL8ED AT BOTTOEVl PRDOEQ. T23: ]E , «!ili ^^•xXTSTOijNj-, ir='S.zT'^>^. ^'© l3)« IWSE^BWr, A-'f D-Mlcr i:i Fine -o Groceries O' rroViSicjis, FOBBKH AID EOHSJnC FB7iTa c:, Oi po ite Fiiset National Tank; 1 ii" T ; ; v. LIBRPRY OF CONGRESS WITH SMYTH'S PATE> MANUFACTURED BY 007 212 122 3 PITTSTON, PA. rn C ■-3 c: a 0/ "rf. I Z3 =? eS § M- E ^ ?i C 5 ^- I ^ be 4, o S S 5 2 FOR SALE BY IIKST CLA^S DK.ILSRS THROUGHOUT THE COUMRY. 'S'da.r. AVE CLAIM IT TO BE THE SIMPLEST DEVICE FOR THE INSTANT REMOVAL OF ASHES, SLATE AND CLINKERS, ever yet brouffht licfore tlie puWtc. >^.&. Fig-. 2 Represents the same reversed, allow- ing- the ashes to escape and retataljiff the lire Fig'. 1 ReiiresontHtlicIMiple?: Grate hi proptT i)Ositlon to Starr, thp tWv, and the ^Mne In whlcii It lis g'enerally iiis«d. The advantages claimed for this improvement are as follows : ist. By one movenu-iit of the handle the ashes and clinkers are efffctiially removed, and tliej Are la left upon a clean Orati^ j 2d. As theoi)fr;itlon isperformed when the Rang-e Is clo.sed no ashes or dust can escape lutoi 111. -ooin, which, as Is %\ ell known. Is not ti-ue of the so-called antl-cUnker grates now In use. 'Ml. The entirf- clinker is removed regardless of size, while with other grates, the large cllnkei> must lie broken before the.v e.an be rem()ved 4tli. "No skill or experience upon the part of the operator is required