F 234 
 
 $ 
 

 FREDERICKSBURG 
 
 AND 
 
 ITS MANY POINTS OF INTEREST 
 
 " Proud of the marks and monuments it bears to testify that its association with the 
 country is such that her history may not be written without the name of Fredericksburg." 
 
 i^ £i^ i3^ ; ;'^ 
 
 R^A. KISHPAUGH, Publisher 
 
 FREDERICKSBURG. VIRGINIA 
 Copyrighted 1912 
 

 I Q 
 
 bird's-eye view of FREDERICKSBURG FROM STAFFORD HEIGHTS 
 
 gCI.A320085 
 
FREDERICKSBURG. 
 
 US »8 fS 
 
 HistertcctI Skdch^ 
 
 HE visitor to Fredericksburg to-day finds, instead of the easy going town of ante-bellum 
 days, an entirely new place risen from the ruins of war and time, new buildings, up-to- 
 date streets and other improvements making a modern city of the present generation. 
 The object of this little book is to furnish to the traveler, facts in the history of Fredericks- 
 burg, its many places of interest as well as an up-to-date guide to the city, and to extend to all a 
 "welcome to Fredericksburg." 
 
 The exact time the site of what is now Fredericksburg was visited by white men is not known, 
 but the general impression is that the first trip was in 1608 (one year after the landing at James- 
 town). Capt. John Smith, the true founder and father of Virginia, with a crew of twelve men and 
 an Indian of a Potomac tribe for a guide, came to the falls of the Rappahannock just above where 
 Fredericksburg was afterward located, and had a severe fight with the Rappahannocks, whom he 
 described as the most courageous and formidable savages he had yet encountered. 
 
 The early history of Fredericksburg is full of events* along the general history of the country, 
 it being a centre of trade, the river being wider and deeper than the present day, and that ocean 
 going barges and schooners, laden with cargoes from the West Indies, Liverpool and other ports 
 came to Fredericksburg, and took on for their return voyage consignments of tobacco and wheat 
 to English and Scotch merchants. A fort was maintained near the falls of the Rappahannock, 
 and with 250 men the town was legally founded in 1727 and was named for Frederick, son of George 
 the Second. 
 
 * See Quinn's History of Fredericksburg. . . 
 
Before the introduction of railroads, trade was carried on by what was known as "Road 
 Wagons." These wagons were of huge dimensions, their curved bodies being, before and behind, 
 at least twelve feet from the ground. They had canvas covers and were drawn by four and often six 
 horses. During the period from 1800 to the civil war, as many as three hundred was often seen on 
 the streets and in the wagon yards of Fredericksburg at one time. The country, to the Blue Ridge 
 mountains, even to counties in the Valley of Virginia, was thus supplied from Fredericksburg. 
 
 The part which Fredericksburg played in the civil war is so well known, that we will be 
 content with a brief reference. As soon as the Confederate Capitol was removed to Richmond, it 
 became at once, and continued during the entire war, the objective point of the Federal invasion of 
 the South. It was apparent, therefore, from an inspection of the map, that Fredericksburg would 
 necessarily witness a bloody act in that direful drama; for she was situated half-way on the direct 
 route between Washington and Richmond. 
 
 If ever anywhere grim-visaged war showed his horrid front, it was at this foredoomed, 
 devoted town. She was the immediate theatre of one of the bloodiest battles of the war, on Decem- 
 ber 13, 1862. In the cannonade that ushered in that battle, a hundred and eighty guns, some of 
 them seige pieces, carrying seventy pound projectiles, for ten mortal hours poured a pitiless storm 
 of shot and shell upon the helpless town. No such cannonade, save that which preceded Pickett's 
 charge at Gettysburg, was ever heard upon this continent; nay, ever heard upon this earth. Four 
 and a half months after that bloody baptism, the town witnessed the desperate, but unsuccessful, 
 endeavor of Gen Sedwick to march his corps of thirty thousand men to the relief of Hooker, at 
 Chancellorsville; and she was the hospital for fifteen thousand wounded men from Grant's army 
 in the Wilderness campaign of May, 1864. 
 
 If lines be drawn from Fredericksburg to Chancellorsville; from Chancellorsville to the Wild- 
 derness battlefields; from the Wilderness battlefield to the Bloody Angle, near Spotsylvania Court- 
 
House; and from there to the starting point at Fredericksburg, these lines will include a space that 
 is smaller in area than the District of Columbia. On this area more blood was shed, and more men 
 killed, than upon any area of equal dimensions, in the world. 
 
 Early in December, 1862, Burnside, 
 urged by the clamor of the Northern press 
 and populace, resolved to cross the Rappa- 
 hannock, and despite the near approach of 
 winter to assume the offensive. At this 
 time the attempt of Federal gun boats to 
 pass up the river to Fredericksburg had 
 been frustrated by Stuart and some field 
 batteries. 
 
 On December 13, 1862, Burnside 
 started to cross the Rappahannock. Never 
 did a general or army await the attack of 
 a more numerous enemy with greater 
 confidence than did Lee and the Confeder- 
 ates at Fredericksburg. 
 
 When the two pre-arranged signal 
 guns announced that the shelling of the brompton ^ (the old marye mansion) 
 
 town was about to begin, long streams of N°^ '^^ Residence of Capt. M, B. Rowe. 
 
 carriages and wagons, bearing fugitive women and children, and long processions on foot of those 
 who could not procure vehicles, all seeking temporary shelter in the woods and wilderness, passed 
 the camp fires of the Confederate soldiers in the rear of the town. 
 
 Shortly after nine o'clock the sun shining out with almost Indian Summer warmth quickly 
 dispelled the mists which hid the opposing armies, and as the white folds dissolved, Jackson's men 
 

 Hi 
 
 ,■ ■'' . = !=ir~f- - j^-^'- 't.r.'- ■ ^*<K-^«5^f :!»;»"SF- ^j^^iiHiBBiiHiiii 
 
 mm 
 
 
 • *' ' , „ ■ 
 
 FREDERICKSBURG IN 1862 
 Just Before the Bombardment, and After the Car Bridge was Burnt by the Confederate Army 
 
beheld the plains beneath them dark with a moving mass of more than 40,000 foes, and from the 
 array of batteries upon the Stafford Heights a storm of shot and shell burst upon the Confederate 
 lines. The Federal army advanced within 800 yards of the foot of the opposing ridge when sud- 
 denly the silent woods awoke to life and the flash and thunder of more than sixty guns revealed to 
 the Federals the magnitude of the task they had undertaken. Column after column advanced only 
 to be repulsed with terrible loss, until about 12 o'clock the Irish Brigade, under General Meagher, 
 advanced at the spot on the Sunken Road 
 which is now marked by the monument to 
 General Cobb, he having fallen earlier in 
 the day, and boldly charging across the 
 shot-swept plains, opposed to it were men 
 as fearless and as staunch; behind that 
 rude stone breastworks, those who were 
 "bone of their bone and flesh of their 
 flesh," as some of the soldiers of Cobb's 
 Brigade were Irish like themselves. On the 
 morning of battle General Meagher had 
 bade his men deck their caps with sprigs 
 of evergreen "to remind them," he said 
 "of the land of their birth." The symbol 
 was recognized by their countrymen, and 
 "Oh, God, what a pity! Here comes 
 Meagher's fellows," was the cry in the sunken road-showing cobb monument 
 
 Confederate ranks. The rapidly thinning line now was within a hundred yards of their goal, sud- 
 denly a sheet of flame leaped from the parapet, to their glory be it told, though scores be swept 
 away, falling in their tracks, like corn before the side, the ever thinning ranks dashed on. Of the 
 
CHANCELLORSVILLE HOUSE AS IT APPEARED DURING THE WAR 
 
1,200 officers and men in this gallant charge, 937 had fallen; one body, that of an officer, was found 
 
 within fifteen feet of the parapet. 
 
 It is due to the truth of history to say that not in all the annals of war, neither in the "charge 
 
 of the six hundred" at Balaklava, nor in Pickett's charge at Gettysburg was there ever displayed a 
 
 more signal instance of dauntless courage than was exhibited by the men who made these hopeless 
 
 attempts to carry Marye's Heights. 
 
 Under the cover of darkness and 
 storm the Federals withdrew across the 
 river two days later and resumed their 
 position on the Stafford heights. 
 
 Fredericksburg played an important 
 part in the battle of Chancellorsville, on the 
 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th of May, 1863. When 
 General Hooker marched ninety thousand 
 men across the Rapidan at Germania and 
 Ely's Ford and entrenched them behind 
 breast-works in the impenetrable jungle of 
 stunted growth that screened and protected 
 the plateau in front of the Chancellorsville 
 House, he left thirty thousand men, under 
 General Sedgwick, on the Stafford heights, 
 opposite Fredericksburg. General Lee left 
 Early with 8,500 muskets (a part of Jack- 
 SALEM CHURCH son's corps) to hold back Sedgwick, while 
 
 he marched with the main body of Jackson's corps and two divisions of Longstreet's corps) to 
 
 confront Hooker at Chancellorsville. These two divisions of Longstreet's corps were those of 
 
Anderson and McLaws. Longstreet, himself, with the 
 other two divisions of his corps, was down on th^ 
 Blackwater, bslow Richmond, and did not participate in 
 the battle of Chancellorsville. Jackson was mortally 
 wounded at nightfall on Saturday, the 2nd of May, after 
 routing and driving back in wild panic, the right wing 
 of Hooker's army. The next morning (Sunday) a union 
 was effected between Jackson's divisions and the two 
 divisions of Longstreet's corps, and a combined, impet- 
 uous assault carried the Federal position in front of 
 Chancellorsville, and the beaten enemy retreated to 
 their second line of breastworks. Just as General Lee 
 was preparing (on Sunday, at noon) to renew the 
 assault, word reached him that Sedgwick had crossed 
 the river and carried the Marye Heights, and was 
 marching on Chancellorsville to join Hooker. The 
 Confederate commander, in the exercise of what a great 
 critic of the art of war, has characterized as the highest 
 display of military genius, paused in his pursuit of 
 Hooker, and, leaving Stuart in command of Jackson's 
 corps, in front of the disheartened Federal troops at 
 Chancellorsville, led the two divisions of Longstreet 
 down theFredericksburg road, to unite with Early in 
 frustrating the purpose of Sedgwick to join his forces 
 with those of Hooker. This was accomplished on Mon- 
 day, the 4th of May, when Sedgwick was driven 
 
 "~^ 
 
 'stonewall" JACKSON MONUMENT 
 
SEDGWICK MONUMENT 
 
 them in the hands of the enemies of their country. 
 
 across the Rappahannock, at Bank's Ford. 
 There was a severe engagement that raged 
 around the "Salem Church," four miles 
 out from Fredericksburg, upon the old 
 turnpike road. Captain Featherstone, who 
 brought a splendid Alabama company to 
 Virginia, at the outbreak of the war, 
 occupied the church with his company, 
 and did excellent work in holding back 
 Sedgwick until Lee arrived. 
 
 Gen. R. E. Lee, in speaking of the 
 privations and sacrifices incurred by the 
 citizens of Fredericksburg, said: "His- 
 tory presents no instance of a people ex- 
 hibiting a purer and more unselfish pa- 
 triotism, or a higher spirit of fortitude 
 and courage than was evinced by the 
 people of Fredericksburg. They cheer- 
 fully incurred great hardships and priva- 
 tions, and surrendered their homes and 
 property to destruction, rather than yield 
 
 =^'^^^ 
 

 ^ JIk r^rt^t,, I', ^^^wNpiii^^pinlJHBlt^ 
 
 ■I^mB^^^c^' ' alJIIIi^MWjBl^^WBW 
 
 
 
 "* ' ^ 
 
 
 IhmI 
 
 MONUMENT TO GEN. HUGH MERCER 
 
Since the close of the Civil War, and the equally distressing war of the reconstruction, Fred- 
 ericksburg has entered upon a career of commercial and industrial prosperity, far exceeding any 
 
 largely increased. Situated half 
 with twenty-six trains daily, run 
 
 ever experienced in her ante-bellum days. Her population has 
 way between Richmond and Washington. Five trunk lines 
 through the city, thus giving prompt and 
 easy access to all the large eastern and 
 northern cities, while the water transpor- 
 tation puts this section in cheap reach of 
 the markets of the eastern seaboard. A 
 splendid water-power with the present 
 capacity of 4,000 hydro-electric horsepower 
 with an ultimate development of 35,000 
 horse-power, furnishes cheap power to 
 manufacturing plants located in the city. 
 Mr. Frank J. Gould, the owner of this 
 immense power, has completed a survey 
 for an electric line from Richmond, Va., 
 to Washington, D. C. This line will give 
 Fredericksburg direct communication by 
 electric railway, with Washington, D. C, 
 Richmond, Va., and Petersburg, Va. 
 Fifteen miles of this line north of Richmond is now in operation. 
 
 The United States government has erected a handsome Government postoffice. 
 
 The State of Virginia has established at Fredericksburg a State Normal and Industrial School 
 for Women, this consists of two handsome buildings situated on part of the historic Marye's 
 Heights. 
 
 NLw pos rorFici: 
 
A good High School with new modern school building, the Fredericksburg College and two 
 libraries furnish educational opportunities for the youths of both sexes. 
 
 Four banks, a silk mill, pants factory, flour mills, foundry and machine works, sumac mills, 
 pickle factory, buggy, wagon and wood-working plants, cigar factories, extract works, plow 
 
 manufactories, brick yards, ice factories, 
 bark mills, bone mills, granite works, 
 mattress factory, excelsior mills, two daily 
 and two tri-weekly newspapers, telegraph, 
 mail, express and freight facilities unex- 
 celled, all help to make Fredericksburg an 
 industrial center of the present generation. 
 Good roads to Fredericksburg through 
 the various adjoining counties open up a 
 larger territory for trade than ever before, 
 and with the completion of the National 
 Highway from Quebec to Miami, Florida, 
 which passes through Fredericksburg, 
 its many points of interest will be opened 
 up to the tourist. 
 
 The city is amply supplied with 
 water, pumped from the river into a reser- 
 voir higher than any of the houses, while the water from the old "Poplar Spring is also used. The 
 city owns and operates Electric and Gas Plants, and there is also an Incandescent Light Plant, 
 owned by a private corporation, for lighting houses. 
 
 The town offers inducements to enterprising capitalists, and to those who are seeking homes 
 in the genial climate of the South. 
 
 PASSENGER DEPOT 
 
POINTS OF INTEREST. 
 
 fS SS 9g 
 
 ChEthEm 
 
 One of the most interesting points of 
 historical interest to all who visit Freder- 
 icksburg is the magnificent old Colonial 
 estate of Chatham, residence of A. Ran- 
 dolph Howard, Esq., beautifully situated 
 upon Stafford Heights overlooking the 
 town. 
 
 The house was built in 1730 by Wil- 
 liam Fitzhugh, upon a small grant of a few 
 hundred thousand acres from King George 
 of England. 
 
 The architect is believed to have been 
 the famous Sir Christopher Wrenn, to 
 whom is due the adaptation of the English 
 renaissance of the Grecian period to our 
 Southland needs, and which has resulted in the type now known as Colonial. Chatham is conceded 
 to be the purest and most beautiful specimen of the Georgian Colonial architecture in America. 
 
 Through its lordly halls have trod the beauty and chivaly of generations of the most famous 
 families of Virginia. 
 
 Upon its famous race-track such horses as Boston, Lexington, Timoleon, Sir Archy, Sir 
 
ENTRANCE TO NATIONAL CEMETERY 
 Showing Monument Erected by Gen. Daniel Butterfield to 5th Corps, Army of Potomac 
 
Charles and hundreds of others fought out their races, while their owners were guests of Colonel 
 Fitzhugh. 
 
 At Chatham General Washington paid his addresses to the widow Curtis, General Robert E. 
 Lee whispered sweet words of love to a niece of Mrs. Fitzhugh, and the immortal Lincoln reviewed 
 the Army of the Potomac before the battle of Fredericksburg. 
 
 General Burnside established his headquarters at Chatham, and at the foot of its terraced 
 lawns one of the pontoon bridges were thrown across the river over which many a brave man 
 passed never to return. 
 
 Th^ i^EtT0nEl QI^mBt:crg 
 
 Located on Willis Hill, a part of the historic Marye's Heights, overlooking Fredericksburg 
 and the beautiful Rappahannock Valley, the Union soldiers who were killed in the various battles 
 around Fredericksburg and those who died in camp are interred. This cemetery has the largest 
 number of interments of any in the country, there being 15,295, of these about 2,500 are known and 
 their names, regiment and state are registered in a book in the superintendent's office. 
 
 Just to the left entering the cemetery General Daniel Butterfield has erected a beautiful 
 monument to the valor of the Fifth Army Corps, which he commanded. 
 
 To the right at the top of the hill is a monument to the !27th Regiment, Pennsylvania Vol- 
 unteer Infantry, Colonel W. W. Jennings, Commanding. 
 
 In the center of the cemetery the State of Pennsylvania has erected a monument to 
 commemorate the charge of General Humphrey's Division, Fifth Corps, in the battle of 
 Fredericksburg, 1862. 
 
Thf "Scntrg 13nx" 
 
 On lower Main street was the residence of General George Weedon of Revolutionary fame, 
 and afterwards occupied by Colonel Hugh Mercer, a son of General Hugh Mercer, who was killed 
 at the battle of Princeton. 
 
 The name "Sentry Box" being applied on account of the unobstructed view for some distance, 
 It being used during the Revolutionary, War of 1812 and Civil war, as a place to watch and give the 
 alarm of the approach of the enemy. 
 
 as m !S 
 
 Htstng Sun TEu:ern 
 
 One of the oldest buildings in Fred- 
 ericksburg. General George Weeden, years 
 before the Revolutionary war, kept hotel 
 in this house and was the stopping place 
 of Washington, LaFayette and other 
 Colonial dignitaries. 
 
 The Rising Sun Tavern is now 
 owned by the Society for the Preservation 
 of Virginia Antiquities, who have reno- 
 vated the building, but retaining in every 
 way the old style of architecture used in 
 wooden buildings used in the eighteenth 
 century. 
 
T\\t mashingt^n Fcirtn 
 
 Looking directly across the river from the "Sentry Box" can be seen the Washington Farm. 
 This is where Geo. Washington was raised to manhood, and it is said where he threw the silver 
 dollar across the Rappahannock, also where he chopped the famous cherry tree. One of the pon- 
 toon bridges used in 1862 was built from this farm. 
 
 KtnmorB 
 
 "Kenmore" was built in 1740 by Col- 
 onel Fielding Lewis, an officer who com- 
 manded a division at the siege of York- 
 town where Cornwallis surrendered. It is 
 said the bricks used to build this house 
 were brought from England, but this can- 
 not be confirmed, but the interior stucco 
 work of this colonial mansion has stood 
 for over a century and is supposed to have 
 been done by expert Englishmen. 
 
 It was to Kenmore that Colonel 
 Fielding Lewis took Bettie Washington, 
 (George's sister) as a bride. 
 
 (' \ 
 
 K'T ) '^fe »■ 
 
 ■JIB-^- 
 
 
 m. V \l 
 
 ru 
 
 %'/ pM 
 
 --:---r,.vT-7-^|||™| ■■ 
 
 kV 
 
 ^^>., il 
 
 
 ^:m>^M. 
 
 Il 1 
 
 1- 
 
 c^^ 
 
 «s'«'^r*/'v 
 
 
 ttlJI 
 
 c|-« ,| 
 
 ^m 
 
 mF 
 
 -=?* ^ '' H 
 
 hLu: i^^^^M 
 
 lipil 
 
 i»iiii«iiii|l|ii|||||||||ip*<-^ ■ '■ 
 
 
VIEW IN CONFEDERATE CEMETERY 
 
ThB llfertBr 11l0nitmBnt 
 
 General Hugh Mercer, killed at the battle of Princeton, 1777. while leading his men against 
 the British. Over one hundred years after an appropriation had been made by Congress, it evi- 
 dently being overlooked, in 1906 the United States government erected this monument to his 
 memory. 
 
 Situated in the center of Washington Avenue in the attitude of a patriot, drawn sword in 
 hand, he stands on a pedestal, ready to strike in defense of his country. (See page 12 for 
 illustration.) 
 
 General Mercer conducted a drug store in the building now standing, corner Main and 
 Amelia Streets, and lived at the "Sentry Box" with George Weeden, until the beginning of the 
 Revolutionary War. 
 
 ^S 9S US 
 
 ^i:xxdHtxu\t Qlem^tBrg 
 
 The first Ladies Memorial Association was organized at Fredericksburg in 1855, and in 
 response to liberal contributions the present cemetery was laid out. and the Confederate dead who 
 were buried at various places were gathered together and each grave marked. 
 
 In 1874 the corner stone was laid of the monument erected on a riiound in the center of the 
 space. This monument is about 6 feet high made of gray granite, and on top has a life size statue 
 of a Confederate soldier at dress parade. On the front of the monument is the inscription "To the 
 Confederate Dead." 
 
 About 2,500 are buried here, of which about 600 are unknown. 
 
MONUMENT TO MARY THE MOTHER OF WASHINGTON 
 
"^Uarg HUEshiixgtnn lllnnixmtnt 
 
 About a stone throw from Kenmore, Mary, the mother of Washington is buried. This spot 
 was selected by herself, declaring it to be preferable to any location, as it could never be cultivated, 
 
 being near a rocky crag, a part of the 
 original Kenmore land. 
 
 After the remains of the venerable 
 matron had lain for forty-four years, a 
 monument was partially erected to her 
 memory by Silas E. Burrows, a wealthy 
 New York merchant. The corner-stone 
 was laid with imposing pomp on May 7, 
 1833. Andrew Jackson, President of the 
 U. S., several members of his Cabinet, 
 numbers of distinguished citizens from 
 Washington, the Marine Band and mili- 
 tary came to swell the pageant. This 
 monument of white Italian marble was 
 never finished, and for more than sixty 
 years laid a prey to the relic hunters and 
 ravishes of time. 
 
 MONUMENT ERECTED IN 1833 
 
 In 1889, the nation was startled with the announcement that the grave and unfinished monu- 
 ment to Mary Washington would be sold at public auction from the steps of the Capitol at Wash- 
 ington, indignant meetings were held and the sale abandoned by its originators. The women of 
 
America organized to erect a monument to the memory of their fellow countrywoman, which they 
 
 did; unveiling May 10, 1894, a monument fifty feet high, and comprising a monolith of forty feet, 
 
 standing on bases eleven feet square and ten feet high. The whole shaft is of Barre granite and of 
 
 the finest workmanship. President Cleveland, many of his Cabinet, the Governor of Virginia, the 
 
 Marine Band, companies of military and thousands of people witnessed the ceremony. 
 
 Just back of the monument is a ledge of rocks known as "Meditation Rock," where she used 
 
 often to resort for private reading, meditation and prayer, under the shade of the beautiful grove 
 
 of Oak trees. 
 
 iS s ^ 
 
 lllnrg TOctshtngtcn Httusr 
 
 This plain, old-fashioned dwelling 
 on the corner of Charles and Lewis streets 
 was the home of Mary the mother of 
 Washington until her death in 1789. 
 
 Up to the death of her husband she 
 lived just across the river, opposite Fred- 
 ericksburg, at the "Washington Farm" 
 and it was in these two homes the illus- 
 trious George was raised to manhood. 
 
 This building is owned by the society 
 for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, 
 who have put the same in thorough con- 
 dition, all of the original features of 
 architecture and general appearance being 
 preserved. 
 
The front room in which she died is furnished as used by her in her lifetime. This building 
 is open to visitors for a small sum. 
 
 I 1 1 1 I 
 
 I 
 
 TItb TOciS0mt I^rrdgB 
 
 The Masonic Lodge, in which George Washington received 
 his first degree as a Mason, November 4, 1752, has a cabinet of 
 some rare and valuable relics. Some of which are the Bible that 
 Geo. Washington was obligated on (printed 1668), a lock of his 
 hair, autograph passes given by him during the Revolutionary 
 War, the old minute book giving his initiation, passing and 
 raising, an oil portrait of George Washington, painted by Gilbert 
 Stuart, the old parlor chairs of his mother, Mary Washington, 
 and many others, which can be seen free of charge by applying 
 to the Master of the Lodge. 
 
 0thtr Vlntts 0f IfntBrBst 
 
 PRESIDENT MONROE HOUSE— Situated on Princess Anne Street one block above the 
 passenger depot is the old story and a half frame house to which President James Monroe held a 
 pocket deed to qualify him for his seat in the House of Burgesses. 
 
 PAUL JONES 
 near the depot. 
 
 HOUSE— The only home in America of John Paul Jones, on Main Street 
 
INSIDE THE NATIONAL CEMETERY 
 Showing Monument to Commemorate the Charge of General Humphrey's Division 1862 
 
FEDERAL HILL— on Hanover street. In the latter part of the eighteenth century the home 
 of Tjiomas Reade Roots, a distinguished lawyer of that time. 
 
 PLANTER'S HOTEL— Used before and during the Civil war as a hotel, at the corner of 
 Commerce and Charles Streets. In front of this hotel is a stone block, placed there many years 
 before the Civil war, used for the sale and annual hire of slaves. 
 
 HOME OF GEN. DANIEL D. WHEELER -of the U. S. Army on the east side of lower 
 Main street. Built about 1765. Was the home of Dr. Charles Mortimer who was physician to Mary 
 Washington also the first Mayor of Fredericksburg. 
 
 STEVENS HOUSE-Situated on "Sunken Road" the Confederate line of battle 1862-63 in 
 front of fence. General Thos. R. R. Cobb, killed just inside of yard. 
 
 ST. GEORGE'S BURYING GROUND-Colonel John Dandridge, the father of Martha Wash- 
 ington was buried here in 1756. Wm. Paul, a brother of John Paul Jones buried 1773. It is said 
 that Fielding Lewis is buried under the steps of the church. A number of remarkable tombstones 
 can be found in the yard, the inscription of one of which has puzzled all who have seen it, 
 "Charles M. Rathrock, departed this life Sept. 29th, 1084, aged three years." 
 
 CITY HALL— Built 1813— Used in 1824 for a grand ball and reception to General Lafayette. 
 
 OLD EXCHANGE HOTEL (Now known as Hotel Frederick) built in 1837, part destroyed by 
 fire 1850, rebuilt but not used as a hotel until after the Civil war. During the war was used as 
 a hospital. 
 
 MASONIC GRAVEYARD-On corner of George and Charles Streets. General Lewis Little- 
 ton was buried here in 1802. 
 
Methodist Church 
 
 Baptist Church 
 
 Presbyterian Church St. Georges Episcopal Church 
 
MARY WASHINGTON HOSPITAL-Erected by the ladies of Fredericksburg. Cornerstone 
 was laid April 14th, 1899, a day to commemorate George Washington's last visit to Fredericksburg 
 and his dying mother. The corner-stone is a portion of the old Mary Washington monument 
 begun in 1833. Situated overlooking the river and directly opposite Chatham. One of the pontoon 
 bridges of 1862 was directly in front of the hospital. 
 
 GUNNERY SPRING— The legend of Gunnery Spring is that all that drink of the water will 
 return to drink again some day. A visit to Fredericksburg is not complete without a visit to this 
 old spring. 
 
 !€ m !^ 
 
 Fredericks liixrg Qllntrthes 
 
 St. George's Episcopal Church— corner Princess Anne and George Streets, R. J. McBryde, 
 Rector. 
 
 Trinity Episcopal Church— corner Prince Edward and Hanover streets, Dr. H. H. Barber, 
 Rector. 
 
 The Presbyterian Church— corner Princess Anne and George streets, Rev. J. H. Henderlite, 
 Pastor. 
 
 The Baptist Church— corner Princess Anne and Amelia streets, Rev. R. A. Williams, 
 Pastor. 
 
 The Methodist Church— on Hanover street. Rev. J. R. Jacobs, Pastor. 
 
 St. Mary's Catholic Church— on Princess Anne street. Father Perrig, Pastor. 
 
The Will of Mary Washington is on exhibition at the Clerk's office of the Corporation 
 Court. This is in a good state of preservation. 
 
i0mB 3inl:erBstTng FEcta 
 
 The first resolution declaring American Independence was passed in Fredericksburg, April 
 27th, 1775, twenty-one days before the next earlier. 
 
 Seven presidents and three of the greatest military leaders was born at Fredericksburg or 
 within a short distance. 
 
 It was John Paul Jones, a Fredericksburg man, who raised the first flag over our infant navy, 
 in 1775. 
 
 At Fredericksburg and within fifteen miles, more great armies manoeuvered, more great bat- 
 tles were fought, more men were engaged in mortal combat and more officers and privates were 
 killed and wounded than in any similar territory in the world. 
 
 The tallest and most imposing monument erected to a woman is erected at Fredericksburg 
 to the memory of Mary Washington. 
 
 James Monroe, for many years a citizen of Fredericksburg, announced the American 
 principal known as the Monroe Doctrine. 
 
 James Madison, born near Fredericksburg, gave to the country the Constitution of the 
 United States. 
 
 It was Fredericksburg that gave to the country the head of the Armies in the Great War for 
 Independence and the first president, in the person of the peerless Washington. 
 
AUG 28 1912 
 
 QII0SB IJrtuing ^istantB 
 
 Sedgwick Monument 12 miles Chancellorsville 10 miles 
 
 "Stonewall" Jackson Monument ... 11 
 
 Massachusetts Monument 10 
 
 Hays Monument lO 
 
 Spotsylvania C. H 12 
 
 Salem Church 3 
 
 Wilderness ... 15 
 
 Bloody Angle 12 " 
 
 Hamilton's Crossing 4 " 
 
 Falmouth 1 mile 
 
 Lacy House (Burnside Headquarters) . i " 
 
 Phillips House (Sumner's Headquarters) . . 1 mile 
 
 m m US 
 
 I^0gs^s 0n \\\t Six ISctttl^ftBlris 
 
 fredericksburg-hamilton's crossing 
 
 Fed. Con. Total 
 
 Fred'sburg. Dec. 13, '62, May 3-4 '63 \ 13^53 5 377 13030 
 
 Hamilton s Crossmg, Dec. 13, 1862 \ ' 
 
 CHANCELLORSVILLE-SALEM CHURCH 
 
 Chancellorsville May 1-3, 1863 > 17237 12,463 29,750 
 
 Salem Church, May 3-4, 1863 S , ■, ^ 
 
 WILDERNESS 
 
 Wilderness, May 5-6, 1864 17,666 10,641 28,307 
 
 SPOTSYLVANIA 
 
 Spotsylvania, May 8-21, 1864 15,577 11,578 27,155 
 
 Total .63,183 40,059 103,242 
 
II iwmmffmmmmig'*^ 
 
nuu6TR|AL __ __ 
 
 FREDERICKSBURG 
 
 AND ITS 
 
 P0INTS2f INTEREST 
 
 STAFFORD HEIGHTS 
 
LSE°'' CONGRESS 
 
 014 367 610 9"'^