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THE SIGHTS OF 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 AND ITS VICINITY, 
 
 —AND— 
 
 40W TO SEE THEM. 
 
 mplete alphabetically arranged guide to all 
 laces of interest in and about Washington 
 City, giving brief descriptions, lo- 
 cations, size and cost, hoiu to 
 get there; together with 
 time- tables of 
 
 Railroads, 
 
 T^'- 
 
 t^. Y. CHEAP PUBLISHING 00.^^ ip^\l ^J^\^^^'^^' 
 
 2G & 28 Vesey St. 
 
IsTOTIOiB. 
 
 There is no apology made for the appearance of this little 
 pamphlet ; it is needed. It is not too full, and yet it leaves 
 nothing of interest around Washington City unnoticed, and 
 outlined sufficiently to identify it in a visitor's mind hereafter. 
 Ic is compiled from actual observation and from authentic 
 sources of information. You cannot get along without it, if 
 you want Washington in a nut-shell. 
 
 Copyrighted 1887, by 
 New York Cheap Publishing Co. 
 
INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 THE CITY OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Location.— It is 106 miles from the mouth of the Potomac 
 river, and 1853^ miles from the mouth of the Chesapeake 
 bay. The longitude west of Greenwich is fixed at 77" 00 ' 35 ' ', 
 and the latitude is 38° 53^ 20 ''' north. The city is built on the 
 east bank of the Potomac, at its junction with the Anacostia 
 river, or, as it is more commonly known as the ''Eastern 
 Branch;" It was laid out under the immediate eye of Gen- 
 eral George Washington, on the plans prepared by Major 
 Pierre Charles L'Enfant, a French officer who had served in 
 the Continental Army. It is said to combine the grace of 
 Versailles as suggested by Thomas Jefferson, and the prac- 
 tical advantages of Babylon, as revived by William Penn, in 
 the plan of Pliiladelphia. Its area is 611 acres, or over 9}., 
 square miles of land ; the avenues, streets and spaces take 
 up 2,554 acres— the general government originally took 541 
 acres for reservations, and the squares for private structures 
 have now nearly all the residue 3,016 acres. From Rock creek 
 to the Anacostia at E. 24th street, the greatest breadth of the 
 city, is 4 . 57 miles ; and from the end of the Arsenal grounds, or 
 Greenleaf Point to the head of 11th street, west, at the 
 boundary, is 3.78 miles. The river front along the Potomac is 
 three miles, and along the Anacostia is about four miles. 
 
 In 1791, (March 30th,) the President proclaimed the bound- 
 aries of the District of Columbia, and the first mile-stone of 
 the District's outline was planted with great ceremony, on 
 Friday, April 15th, 1791, at 3 P. M. That stone was placed on 
 Jones Point, the extreme southern cape of Alexandria, Va., 
 and so at the end of every mile around the District line is 
 found one of these square bound stones planted, larger than 
 
a man. The center of the original territoi-y is marked by a 
 similar stoue, about one-half mile due south of the Executive 
 Mansion, and about one-hundred yards west of the Washing- 
 ton Monument. In 1846, that portion of the District taken 
 from Virginia was retroceded to that State. 
 
 The present form of government by three commissioners, 
 was established June 20th, 1874. 
 
 In a letter dated September 9th, 1791, from the Commis- 
 sioners, Johnson, Stuart and Carroll, to Major L" Enfant, the 
 city is first called Washington. Its illustrious namesake had 
 always called it the " Federal City "" before that time. 
 
 In 1796, Weld, an English traveler, states that Georgetown 
 contained about 250 houses, Alexandria twice that number, 
 and that Washington had 5000 residents, the larger portion of 
 whom were artificers. The largest settlement was naturally 
 at Greenleaf 's Point, (the Arsenal), some were near George- 
 town, some around the Capitol, others adjacent to the Presi- 
 dent's house, the most imposing private structure being 
 mentioned by Weld, as the brick hotel, ornamented with 
 stone trimmings, built where now stands the General Post 
 Office. This building was described by Morse in his geogra- 
 phy, (1812) and was then known as Blodgetfs Hotel, which 
 the United States Government bought in 1810 for $10,000 In 
 this building the XIII Congress met, September 10th, 1817, at 
 the call of President Madison. 
 
 Tom Moore, the poet, then 25 years old, visited this city in 
 1804, and spent nearly a week with Mr. and Mrs. Merry, the 
 family of his nation's minister. His ridicule of the ' Federal 
 City'' was severe: 
 
 " Their embryo Capital, where fancy sees, 
 Squares in the morasses, obelisks in trees; 
 Which second-sighted seers, even now adore. 
 With shrines unbuilt, and heroes yet unborn." 
 
 By the report of the Commissioners mentioned, made in 
 the earlier part of Mr. Jefferson's administration, we learn 
 that about May 15th, 1801, there were about 191 brick houses 
 
finished, and 95 unfinished; 408 wooden houses finished, and 
 95 unfinished, in the city. 
 
 A compilation of all that was said about the miserable pro- 
 gress made in the growth of the city will be found in that 
 entertainmg book, by Mr. George A. Townsend, entitled, 
 "Washington, Inside and Outside," at page 543, et seq. In the 
 sanguine hopes of its immediate growth were wrecked, the 
 fortunes of many like Thomas Law, Robert Morris, and 
 James Greenleaf . A Philadelphia capitalist, a Mr. Bush, as 
 late as 1841, wrote that he had long before lost all confidence 
 in Washington property. 
 
 Many reports in the Congressional archives show that this 
 city is entitled to national protection, as also national 
 development, and to be the center of national culture 
 and civilization, as it is the national seat of government. 
 The reports of Senator Southard, dated February 2d, 1835, to 
 the XXIII Congress, of Senator Brown, 13th May, 1872; of 
 House Committee on District of Columbia, 1st June, 1874; 
 Joint Committee on Judiciary, 7th December, 1874 and 1876, 
 give a complete official statement of the relations between 
 the general and the local governments, and all declare that 
 the District of Columbia is a "child of the Union, the 
 creation of the Union for its own purpose.'" 
 
 Where Shall We Stay? 
 
 A guidebook however small, that fails* to tell you where 
 to stay when you visit the city described therein, has left a 
 most important duty unattended to. 
 
 Some "member " from the west has said that every other 
 house in Washington is a boarding house, and whilst the 
 proportion is somewhat exaggerated, yet their number is 
 very large. There are a number of houses with their neat, 
 little cards on the front door lintel, or in one of the parlor 
 windows, with these words: "Rooms to Let with or without 
 Board," and thoy are in nearly every portion of the city, 
 north, south, east and west— we do not pretend to exempt, 
 
even the lordly north-west, the " West End " of the nation's 
 capital. 
 
 In that locality— the north-west, however, they effect " the 
 Flats"" in their arrangement, and so we find the most 
 elegant "The Portland" on 14th street and Massachusetts 
 avenue, "The Richmond "" on 17th and H streets, N. W., and 
 several others equally well managed and complete in their 
 equipments. If you approach the city via the Baltimore 
 and Ohio Railroad, near that depot are several handsome 
 and well-kept establishments, "The Congressionar' on 
 the corner immediately south of the Capitol, (N. J. avenue, 
 and South B street,) and the "Belvidere," corner of 3d and 
 Pennsylvania avenue, N. W., whilst immediately opposite 
 is the "Emmett," kept by Danl CBrien, which surelj' 
 ought to have the endorsement and patronage of all Irishmen 
 on account of its name. 
 
 Around the Baltimore and Potomac depot are some \ ^ry 
 nicely kept, small hotels: the "St. James" and the 
 "Howard House," whilst across the avenue (Penn. and 6th 
 street) are the time honored and fine, old hotels, the 
 " National " to the east, and the " Metropolitan " to the west 
 of 6th street. 
 
 At the corner of 14th and Penn. Ave., N. W., is "Willard's" 
 and on the block east of it, and one block north, is the 
 " Ebbitt," both kept in the best stjde; the "Ebbitf is the 
 headquarters of thg Army and Navy folks, and from its 
 stafif, nearly always some Admiral or General has his flag 
 flying. 
 
 There is no finer hotel than "The Riggs," facing the 
 Treasury Department, corner of G and 15th streets, N. W., 
 and two squares north of it— H and 15th streets— are found 
 Wormley''s and Welcker's facing each other, justly celebrated 
 for their cuisine and elegance in every respect. 
 
 At the corner of 16th and H streets, N. W., is located 
 "The Arlington, "the superb— the hotel of kings and princes. 
 
 There are a vast number of other hotels, good, bad and 
 
indifferent, but we have given you the best, in our estima- 
 tion, ranging from the modest in price, and yet as genteel as 
 any, to the most elegant and highest in tariff. 
 
 Nearly all we have named are kept on tlie American plan, 
 and the European plan is the exception ; should one prefer 
 to live in that way, the contract should be made to that 
 effect with the landlord, and then you are free to go and 
 come as you please, if the dinner hour then finds you on the 
 heights of Arlington, coming up the river from Mount 
 Vernon, or on the beautiful drives surrounding the city, 
 you will not fear losing your dinner, and then the hosts of 
 fine restaurants will afford you such temjjting viands that 
 you will not care for the delay of an hour or so. Welcker's 
 and Wormley's are the most elegant for such purposes, but 
 we would do you an injustice without commending you to 
 the splendid oysters, c&c, of Harvey's, corner of 11th and 
 Penn avenue, N. W. 
 
 What's Going On in Town? 
 
 Of course, che Executive Departments are supposed to be 
 always open to visitors, that is from 10 to 2 o'clock, and so 
 too the Naval Observatory, the National Museum, the 
 Botanical Gardens and the Smithsonian institution; but after 
 the sight seeing of the day, "when night comes on," you 
 may want to go to the opera or attend some of the recep- 
 tions. The best theatres are Albaugh's, seating 2,000 people, 
 which is on 15th street, west, one square south of Penn- 
 sylvania avenue, and the National, seating 1,800 people, 
 which is on Pennsylvania avenue, between 13th and 14th 
 streets, N. W. ; both near Willard's and the Ebbitt hotels. 
 
 The columns of the Evening Star will give you a list of the 
 week's performances at these two places, and they fre- 
 quently have the best companies in the world to visit them: 
 Italian Opera, National Opera, Ristori, Bernhardt and all 
 our own distinguished Stars, except Booth who— since the 
 assassination of President Lincoln— never has visited 
 
Washington. There are a number of other theatres in 
 Washington, but they generally are of cheaper grades, and 
 more or less agreeable to visitors'' lastes. 
 
 Society in Washington ;s probably more cosmopolitan than 
 that of any other city m the Union; with a population of 
 some 180,000, at times this number is trebled by the influx 
 of visitors from all parts of our country, and we can always 
 find " the stranger " within our walls. Like all capitals, the 
 dignitaries there are expected to receive persons desii-ous of 
 consulting them on business appertaining to their Depart- 
 ments of tlie Government; and at their homes also certain 
 days or evenings are set apart for the reception of visitors. 
 
 At the Capital every season finds its days of receptions, and 
 frequently the regulations relating thereto changed. At this 
 time the President, on each afternoon, at one o'clock, is sup- 
 posed to give a public official reception to all who maj' 
 choose to assemble in the East Room of the Executive 
 Mansion, and pass before nim, in a continuous file. This is 
 about as informal and democratic an affair as could well be 
 arranged. The Post, a daily newspaper printed every morn 
 ing, has a column frequently giving notices of the more 
 formal receptions of the coming week, especially in its 
 Sunday edition, as does also the Capitol and the Herald 
 published every Sunday, the last named being the official 
 paper of the Army and Navy, and visitors wili find all the 
 latest news touching these matters in the columns of the 
 papers mentioned. 
 
 Your member of Congress is here to represent you. no 
 matter what your politics may be, and he should stand 
 ready to vouch for you at all times and aid 3^ou in such 
 affairs; and if he does not show you any favors whilst 
 serving you here in the Nation's Capital, you can retaliate on 
 him hereafter when he solicits your suffrages by giving him 
 just as cool a reception then as he gave you in Washington 
 City. 
 
 Washington City is certainly very magnificent now, it has 
 no equal, and its growth has been wonderful. The figures 
 
from the office of the Inspector of Buildings show this most 
 forcibly. Since the civil war ended, its broad, smooth 
 avenues, its fine residences and magnificent buildings, its 
 public libraries and institutions render it the dehght of the 
 educated and people of leisure . 
 
 We must remember that, prior to the location of the 
 National Government at this point, in 1800, there was not 
 even a village where the beautiful city now stretches out its 
 grand avenues and broad streets. The site is the most per- 
 fect, admirably adapted for commerce or manufacture, but 
 these natural advantages have never been fully developed as 
 yet, and this is one reason why its streets are the cleanest and 
 its atmosphere as free from smoke and dust as any city 
 in the comitry. Its great natural advantages as the seat of 
 government are more and more apparent every year of the 
 nation's existence, and are another striking evidence of the 
 wisdom and sagacity of its illustrious namesake. 
 
 An additional reason for the location of the National Capi- 
 tal here must be remembered: It is that in 1791 Virginia 
 had 750,000 inhabitants, nearly the equal of both New York 
 with her 430,000, and Pennsylvania with 3i0,000 in that 
 respect. Massachusetts had 379,000 whilst North Carolina 
 had 394,000. The residue of New England contained about 
 600,000, whilst South Carolina and Georgia had 330,000, and 
 Marj'land and Delaware had together 50,000. Kentucky and 
 Tennessee contained 108,000; they were the extreme frontier 
 States at that epoch, and had 75,000 inhabitants less than 
 New .Jersey. The whole population of the colonies is esti- 
 mated at 4,000,000, which, when Washington became a de- 
 signated settlement, is supposed to have increased one-third 
 in numbers; it was not until 1830 that New York and Penn- 
 sylvania exceeded the State of Virginia in population. So 
 the Center of population, as then existing, possibly had 
 much to do with the locution of the National Capital. 
 
 In 1875 there were 1,052 brick houses built, the improve- 
 ments of all kinds made in that year being valued at 
 
10 
 
 $3,655,500. 1876 saw 717 dwellings erected, improvements 
 valued at $4, 155,177. 
 
 In i877 the new dwellings numbered 727, improvements 
 $1,717,221; in 1878, 344 new houses were erected, miprove 
 ments at $1,125,763; in 1879 the number over 470, and the im 
 provements $1,735,715. There were 574 houses erected in 
 1880, and improvements at $2,129,978. In 1881, 556 liouses 
 were erected; improvements, $1,951,970. In 1882 there were 
 560 new houses, and the improvements valued at $2,468,986. 
 In 1883 there were 730 houses erected, and the improvements 
 valued at $3,331,963. In 1884, 932 houses were built and im- 
 provements valued at $3,828,682. In 1885 there were erected 
 1,233 houses, and the improvements valued at $4,007,234; and 
 in 1886, 1,656 houses were erected, improvements valued at 
 $5,283,292. 
 
 There is an aggregate of street surfaces of all descriptions 
 between the curb lines within the city limits of 5,200,000 
 square yards, or 2833^^ lineal miles, of which in round num- 
 bers, 1,550,0(>0, or 30 per cent, of the whole area are paved 
 with the modern asphalt, coal tar, distillate and asphalt 
 blocks. Ten per cent, are paved with granite and trap 
 blocks; ten per cent, with cobble and rubble: 4y^ per cent, 
 with macadam; I414 per cent, with gravel. In 1886 there 
 remained 7,000 square yards of the old wood block, (a legacy 
 left to the City by the Board of Public Works from its com- 
 prehensive system of improvement), and 1,600,000 square 
 yards, or 31 per cent, of the streets' surface are as yet unim- 
 proved. To clean these: four streets are swept daily, five 
 streets every other day. and but ten swept twice a week. Of 
 the remainder 131 are gone over once a week, and 112 once in 
 two weeks. For the years 1887-88, an appropriation of $70,000 
 is asked by the Commissioner of the District for this purpose. 
 - To light these streets $98,000 was appropriated. The modern 
 Washington street pavement is practically built with a con- 
 crete base, either hydraulic or bituminous; this is the real 
 pavement, with a surface coat or skin, designed to receive 
 the wear and tear of every day service, and readily capable 
 
of repair or renewal when needful. The base is not intended 
 to sui^port the ti'affic, and the repairs are put on as soon as 
 a break occurs in the surface, to prevent that face from being 
 broken up. An appropriation of $90,000 for these repairs is 
 sought from Congress for the year 1 887-88. 
 
 The Schools of Washington are worthy of the Capital. The 
 model of the Franklin school building, located on K street 
 and 13th, N.W., was sent to the Paris Exposition and awarded 
 high encomium ;| there are fifty public schools in the city, 
 managed by a Board of Trustees, with one superintendent in 
 immediate charge. The annvxal expenditure in their man- 
 agement is over $300,000, and the number of pupils 20,000. 
 There are numerous private schools in various parts of the 
 city, male and female, of most excelleait standing, attracting 
 the liberal patronage of many of the Nation's dignitaries. 
 The Catholic colleges in Georgetown, for male and female, 
 have a national reputation, and the Baptist University, (the 
 Columbian), has its seat on the corner of H and 15th, N.W., it 
 is thoroughly equipped in all departments, and maintains its 
 ancient fame. Its property is valued at S400,000. The col- 
 ored University, (the Howard), is located at the head of 7th 
 street, west, opened in 1867. Its property is valued at $600,000 
 and the Baptist Colored University, for preachers and teach- 
 ers, (the Wayland), is situated at the head of 16th street, es- 
 tablished and fostered by the American Baptist Home Mission 
 Society, (1873). Improvements cost $35,000, from voluntary 
 contributions; will accommodate 200 students. 
 
 Water Supply. 
 
 This is derived from the Great Falls on the Potomac river, 
 where the nine foot cylindrical conduit begins— its daily 
 capacity is estimated at 80,000,000 gallons — for eighteen 
 miles through eleven tunnels, some of them many hundreds 
 of feet in length, and six bridges, the water is conducted to 
 tlie Receiving Reservoir. '' This is formed by confining the 
 Little Falls Branch within a dam of pounded earth, and so 
 
12 
 
 flooding about fifty acres in an irregular lalce, 150 feet abo^^e 
 high tide, and so tliere is kept a supply estimated at over 
 82,000,000 gallons, on hand. Along this line of conduit is the 
 celebrated Cabin John Bridge,— cost $237,000, 420 feet long,— 
 spanning a little creek of that name with a single arch one 
 hundred feet high and two hundred and twenty feet span, 
 constructed of granite and selected stone, the iargest arch in 
 the world, and well worthy of a \isit. The Grosvenor bridge 
 over the Dee, at Chester, England, is 200 feet span. The out- 
 let for the water at the Receiving Reservoir is over 3,000 feet 
 from its inlet, and in slowly passing through this natural res- 
 ervoir which is deepened to some forty feet near its outlet, the 
 sediment is nearly all deposited. This little stream (the Little 
 Falls Branch) itself affords a daily supply of about 300,000 
 gallons; from this Receiving Reservoir the water is pumped 
 into the Distributing Reservoir, which covers 33 acres of 
 land, and is 144 feet above tide water, and when the water is 
 24 feet deep in it, holds 300,000,000 gallons of water, and 
 from this point the immense iron "mains" convey the 
 supply of water into the city. On one of the highest points 
 of Georgetown is the " High Service Reservoir," 120 feet 
 in diameter, with a capa-city of 1,000,000 gallons. As the 
 visitor crosses Rock creek into Georgetown, from Washmg- 
 ton, he can see two of the 48 inch pipes, which form an arch 
 of 200 feet span across that creek, and so form the support 
 of a roadway for general trafific between the cities, and track 
 of the street cars. The capitol still receives its ancient (1836) 
 supply of spring water from Smith's spring, two and a half 
 miles north of the buildmg, which is seen issuing out under 
 the western entrance into the fountain there located. The 
 Executive Mansion is supplied, since 1832, from a spring in 
 Franklm square. There is a high service reservoir in George- 
 town. 
 
 This water supply has cost over $6,000,000. In London it is 
 about forty gallons per day and in most of the English cities 
 less. Boston, 90; Buffalo, 130; Chicago, 121; Detroit, 144; Mil- 
 waukee, 106; New Haven, 100; New York, 100; Philadelphia, 
 
13 
 
 tO; St. Louis, 71; Providence, between 35 and 40 gallons. 
 Here it is put at 150 gallons per head per day to the citizens 
 in reach of the mains. 
 
 Houses: How Numbered and Found. 
 
 The houses are numbered according to the decimal system, 
 that is it allows one hundred numbers to each square, and so 
 the initial number designates so many streets north, south, 
 east or west from the Capitol, which greatly facilitates find- 
 ing a particular number, and the numbers in that square are 
 not disarranged if any one or more buildings are torn down 
 or destroyed by fire. The streets running east and west, that 
 is parallel with a line drawn from East Capitol street through 
 the Capitol building, to the Washington Monument, are 
 known by the letters of the alphabet, so we have North A 
 and South A ; North B and South B, and so on to "W street on 
 the north and W street on the south ; at right angles to the 
 alphabetical streets are the streets bearing numbers, and 
 commencing for their enumeration at a line, (upon the meri- 
 dian by which Major L 'Enfant constructed the jDlan of the 
 city,) running due north and south through the Capitol build- 
 ing, which is very near the centre of the City, so we have 
 North Capitol and South Capitol streets, and beyond this 
 north and south line we have 1st street, east, and 1st street, 
 west. Tao avenues named for the states of the Union, (those 
 south of the great Pennsylvania avenue being southern in 
 name, and those to its north are named after the northern 
 states), run diagonally from five great centers — the greater 
 number center upon the Capitol building: New Jersey and 
 Delaware, and Pennsylvania and Maryland, North and South 
 Capitol, and East Capitol street, make it a great star of irri- 
 dating avenues; at the Executive Mansion center New York 
 and Pennsylvania, Vermont and Connecticut avenues; Iowa 
 circle, Dupont circle and Lincoln square are the other cen- 
 tering points of these avenues. All addresses should have 
 the designation of N.W., S. W., N. E. or S. E., added to them, 
 
14 
 
 and they are based upon the cardinal points of the compass, 
 using tlie Capitol building as the point for taking the direc- 
 tion. Many of the original squares were so much too long for 
 practical purposes that new streets and alleys have been 
 opened and named for convenience, in erecting houses and 
 obtaining access thereto, a list of which will be found in the 
 City Directories, and every year these increase in number. 
 The streets and avenues are marked by transparent titles, on 
 the glass of the corner lamp posts. 
 
 Shopping and the Hours of Kecreation. 
 
 There are many very elegant stores in Washington city, 
 they will be found between 7th, near E street, N. W., (Lans- 
 burgh's palatial establishment), thence south to Pennsj'l- 
 vania avenue, and westerly as far as 12th street, "W., or until 
 the Palais Royal is reached. In that space will be found 
 everything that is desii'able or necessary, and offered for sale 
 in stores as fine as are found in any city of this country. On 
 F street between 12th and 14th, N. W., are also some very 
 splendid places of business: the Boston, Moses,' Hooe's, and 
 many others, unsurpassed in elegance and fullness of stock. 
 
 The shopping hours are from eleven until two or three 
 o'clock, for at four o'clock the avenue, ( Pennsylvania), from 
 7th street to 15th street becomes the 'grand parade." All 
 the Departments turn loose their scores of clerks, male and 
 female, at that hour, and they generally find it convenient to 
 take the "avenue" on their way home, and for an hour the 
 throng is sometimes considerable. After this hour all ad- 
 journ to their homes, and the labors of the day are over, the 
 populace can after this turn to recreation, the pleasures of 
 the theatre, the lecture room, or the public reception, lie be- 
 fore them. On Sunday afternoon, between four and five 
 o'clock, the throng that takes possession of Connecticut ave- 
 nue, between K sti-eet and Dupont circle, is one of the "sights 
 of Washington." If the afternoon is in early Spring, bright 
 and crispy, the display of style and beauty is sometimes a 
 
15 
 
 great treat. Around the northern borders of Lafayette square 
 are built a score of residences made historic in the annals of 
 the countrj-, whose very names recall many thrilling remin- 
 iscences. At the northwest corner stands the Decatur man- 
 sion, where that brave man was brought from the fatal duel- 
 ling grounds of Bladensburg, to die from the mortal wound 
 received at Barron's hand. Opposite this is the elegant 
 residence of Mr. "VV. W. Corcoran, the eminent philantrophist. 
 This magnificent house was once the home of Thos. Swann, 
 after that of Daniel Webster. To the west of this northwest 
 corner is the home of George Bancroft, the historian of the 
 United States. Between these street corners begins Connec- 
 ticut avenue — looking to the northwest the eye takes into 
 view the statue of Admiral Farragut, and nearly a mile be- 
 yond is that of Admiral Dupont. Near the last named monu- 
 ment is the grand residence builc by James G. Blaine, begun 
 whilst Premier of the Cabinet of President Garfield, for the 
 purpose of entertaining in a manner suited to the high 
 position he then occupied, but before this mansion was com- 
 pleted the bullet of Garfield's assassin cut short the then 
 official career of the owner, and ever since then the house 
 has been leased. 
 
 Between the site of these two monuments to Admirals 
 Farragut and Dupont, is that grand boulevard, the abode of 
 luxury and elegance— Connecticut Avenue, the center line of 
 that most elegant section of the city: the "Northwest," 
 verily, the Pincian Hill of Washington City, along its course, 
 in residences as fine as any in the world, with princely ap- 
 pointments, are the abodes of the Ambassadors of England, 
 Russia, China, Belgium and Denmark. Whilst near by are 
 the Legations of France and Germany; opposite the north- 
 ern entrance to this square is the ancient church, St, John's, 
 and opposite the northeast eorner is the most elegant hotel 
 in the city, the Arlington, whilst nearly opposite the south- 
 east corner, abutting on the Department of Justice at the 
 rear, is the large residence so long occiipied by William H. 
 Seward, while Secretary of State, here Payne entered on the 
 
16 
 
 night that President Lincoln was shot, and with his 
 assassin's knife almost extinguished the light of that 
 President's premier. In this same house Philip Barton Kej' 
 breathed his last, for it was not twenty yards away from its 
 door where he stood when Daniel E. Sickles (Feb, 27, 1859,) 
 , shot him down like a dog; Sickles residence was then on the 
 opposite side of the square. About one half square north 
 of this house is the elegant home of Robert G. IngersoU, the 
 prince of infidels. The Treasury Department, the Executive 
 Mansion, and the State Department face this square on the 
 south ; the avenue (Pennsjdvania) dividing it from them. 
 
 Societies, Military and Civic. 
 
 The IMasons have a very large and handsome Temple at 
 the intersection of the 9th street, west and F street, north— 
 a great ornament to its section of the city, but dwarfed by 
 close proximity to the Patent Office, which is to the east of it. 
 
 The Odd Fellows have also a large Hall on 7th street, west, 
 between D and E, north, very central in its location. 
 
 There are a host of religious and benevolent societies, as 
 well as those devoted to literature, to social intercourse, and 
 to the sweet charities of life, whose names and location will 
 be found in the City Directory. 
 
 The Light Infantry Corps have their Armory in the build- 
 ing leased by J. W. Albaugh. for opera and theatrical pur- 
 poses from them, on 15th street, west, one-half square south 
 of Pennsylvania avenue, and is a magnificent building. The 
 corps was organized Sept. 12th, 1836, and the fii'St to volunteer 
 from the District, April 10th, 1861, in the service of the 
 United States. The "National Rifles" have a very hand- 
 some asd commodious Armory on G, north, between 9th and 
 10th, vest. This is also a very old organization (18!9,) re- 
 vived in 1880. 
 
 The Grand Army of the Republic will soon have a building 
 worthy of their occupation, on Pennsylvania avenue and 15th 
 street, Avest, opposite Willard's Hotel. 
 
 Early in May, 1887, the statue of President Garfield, to be 
 placed at the intersection of Maryland avenue and 1st 
 street, west, (the southwest entrance to the Capitol Park,) 
 will be dedicated— cost $10,000. 
 
17 
 
 Agricultural Department.— Between 12th and 14th 
 streets, west, on B street, south, in the Mall, east of the 
 Washington Monument. The garden surrounding the main 
 building is the most beautifully kept in the country, and 
 contains the most complete ai'boretum on this continent; 
 there are over 1600 species. To the south of the main build- 
 ing are the " Experimental Gardens,'' about ten acres in area, 
 for testing varieties of small fruits, seeds, and the propoga 
 tion and culture of more hardy plants. In the artificia 
 swamps and lakes to the northwest of the building are founr 
 the various types of marsh and water plants. The building 
 is 179 feet long and 61 feet deep, built of brick, with stone 
 belts, corners and trimmings, finished in 1868, at a cost oi 
 $140,000; it is full three stories high with mansard roof. The 
 Museum is very ample and well worthy of studj' ; it" will be 
 explained by an attendant, and the library for the use of the 
 Department contains 8,000 volumes on the subject of Agricul- 
 ture. This Department was established in 1862, and now 
 distributes over a million packages of seeds, besides over 
 twenty thousand bulbs, vines, cuttings and plants, and 
 further by numerous publications, (275,000 copies of its re- 
 port for one), and acquires and diffuses amongst the people 
 of the United States useful information on the subject of 
 Agriculture. 
 
 The " Belt " line of cars pass very near the building, along 
 south B street. 
 
 The approach to the ornate grounds of this building from 
 the City proper, at the intersection of 12th street and Penn- 
 sylvania avenue, N. W., imtil the "Mall" is reached— is 
 through the most terrible portion of the City, whilst there are 
 many factories of lumber and stores of iron and feed mer- 
 chants located in the vicinity, yet within the boundaries of 
 10th to 14th streets, west and from B street, north to Penn 
 sylvania avenue are the " Five Points" of Washington— here 
 known as the " Division " ; in which if any female of respect- 
 ability would dare to lodge, she would soon be branded with 
 the foulest epithet known to woman. 
 
 There may be in the boundaries designated some most 
 worthy jjeople— industrious, virtuous and estimable, but they 
 will take no credit tlierefor on account of their surround- 
 ings. The finer the residence the more sure you are to find 
 within the more beautiful of the frail cyprians. 
 
 As Shakespeare makes Timon say : 
 
 " It is her habitation only that is honest !" 
 
 But pardon us! for we have dwelt too long on this subject, 
 you want no guide in such matters; we will tell you, as the 
 iuluide Book to one of the gayest capitals of Europe says: 
 
18 
 
 Je vous dirai done: Cherchez (du cote I'avenue et Rue 13*') 
 et vous trouvez les cocottes, les lolottes et les biches. Mais 
 n'oubliez pas sur tout ce proverbe: La prudence est mere 
 de la surete, 
 
 Army Medical Museum — Situated on 10th street, 
 west, between E and F, north; this was originall.y a Baptist 
 church, and afterwards the site of Foi'd's Iheatre, in one of 
 its private boxes on April i4th, 1865, John Wilkes Booth 
 mortally wounded President Abraham Lincoln, who died 
 in a house on the opposite side of the street, a marble tablet 
 on the front of that house, No. 516 Tenth street, announces 
 that fact. The Government refused the use of the building 
 for theatrical purposes afterwards, but bought it for $100,000, 
 remodelled the interior, made it fire proof, and then created 
 the Medical Museum. The building is full of interesting sur- 
 gical relics of the civil war, and contains the largest medical 
 library in the world. It was the original design of the 
 museum to be a complete collection of specimens illustrating 
 military surgery, and to teach the best treatment of camp 
 diseases, to educate medical men for military service es- 
 pecially; but it is not for curiosity alone, it is carried on 
 wholly in the interest of science. The Museum is on the 
 third floor— the specimens in case and otherAvise, number 
 16,000; among the curiosities are the neck of John Wilkes 
 Booth, with the bullet imbedded in its bones, which caused 
 his death, the articulated skeleton of Guteau, the leg of Gen. 
 Daniel E. Sickles, also that of Gen. T. W. Sherman, and over 
 one thousand specimens of the human crania alone, illustra- 
 ting the ethnology of the United States, and more especially 
 of its aboriginal race. Here also are skeletons of the 
 buffalo, the bear, and many other Apierican animals, as also 
 of birds, reptiles and fishes, with models of ambulances, hos- 
 pitals, barracks, medicine wagons, surgical instruments, 
 artificial limbs, and a host of other such paraphrenalia ap- 
 pertaining to military medical science. The record of the 
 hospitals here kept, number over 16,000 volumes, and the 
 alphabetical register contains near 300.000 names of the 
 army's dead. There are some valuable portraits belonging 
 to the Museum kept here. The building has a plain brick 
 front, painted generally dark brown, is 3 stories high, has a 
 frontage of 71 ft. by a depth of 100 ft . 
 
 Within fifty feet of the National Museum and nearer 7th 
 street, Avest, at the corner of B street, south, is the Medical 
 Museum of the Army ; it is about three-fifths completed, and 
 it is thought. wiU be entirely finished August 1, 1887. The 
 structure will contain over 3.000,000 bricks, and near 650.000 
 pounds of iron, with an area of 61 ,000 square feet for office, 
 library, storage and corridors, It is four stories high with 
 
19 
 
 the basement, and will have a frontage of 232 feet on B 
 street, and will extend back 131 feet on 7th street. The con- 
 tract price for its construction is $181,000. 
 
 Tlie Arsenal — Situated at the foot of 4)4 street, at the 
 Junction of the Potomac river and Anacostia or Eastern 
 Branch. It contains 45 acres within its grounds over }4 i^iil^ 
 long. Here are a number of military trophies, captured 
 cannons, some taken at Yorktown, Oct. 19, 1781, some at Vera 
 Cruz, March 27, 1857, some at Saratoga, Oct. 17, 1777 and two 
 English cannons " Presented to the Sovereign State of South 
 Carolina by citizens " living abroad, to commemorate the 
 20th of December, 1860, are to be found here. During the civil 
 war immense supplies of war material of all sorts were ship- 
 ped from this point, it was the depot of ordna,nce supplies for 
 the Army of the Potomac. A battalion of artillerymen now 
 occupy the barracks guarding the material stored at this point. 
 The U. S. Penitentiary was located at the northern limits of 
 these grounds formerly, and inside of its walls those charged 
 and convicted of conspiracy against the life of President 
 Lincoln were executed by the hangman, and until 1869 this 
 was the place of their sepulture; Wirz, the keeper of Ander- 
 sonville was here buried, after his execution at the old 
 Capitol, on 1st and B streets, northeast ; the body of Booth 
 was brought to this point and buried, but when the Peniten- 
 tiary was demolished these bodies were removed. Booth to 
 Baltimore, Wirz to Mt. Olivet, near Washington, and the 
 others to private places of interment. The Ninth street line 
 of cars, as also the Seventh street line, will carry passengers 
 almost to the gates of the Arsenal. 
 
 Cemeteries.— There are no less than fifty cemeteries — 
 public and private— near the limits of the city of Washing- 
 ton, as appears Irom the records of the Health Ofifice of the 
 District. JIany are very ancient and practically abandoned, 
 but to three of these only would we call the attention of 
 visitors: Arlington, Oak Hill and the Congressional. 
 
 Arlington, the home of George Washington Parke Custis 
 since 1802 until his death, and until 18(31 of the great Con- 
 federate chieftain. General Robert E. Lee, vdio married Mr. 
 Custis's only daughter. In the purchase by Congi-ess, this 
 tract of l.O'.'O acres has become national territory, and is the 
 "last home" of over 15,0U0 brave men who died in defence 
 of the nation's integrity in 1861-1 8G5. On the Capitol's 
 terrace look to the west, and high up above the Potomac, 
 some 200 feet, almost along the line where the horizon meets 
 the sky, one sees tliis venerable inle modelled from the old 
 Roman temple near Naples, which was so long tlie abode of 
 hospitality, now consecrated, to a great extent, to the pur- 
 poses of sepulture of a nation's dead soldiery. The visitor to 
 
20 
 
 the National Capital will not be satisfied unless he stands oil 
 the porch of this old homestead, now used as the ofifiee of 
 the Cemetery, and from its lofty height views the panorama 
 of the surroundings of the City, which lays before him like a 
 map. The view is said to be without a rival, and the e3'e has 
 an immense range of territory to contemplate. The estate 
 is about one mile from the Aqueduct Bridge, leading from 
 Georgetown over Into Virginia, and near the western ter- 
 mhius of the Washington and Georgetown street Railway. 
 From that point the roadway, especially through the signal 
 station of Fort Mej^er, is most excellent, and for a jaunt on 
 foot is a walk of short duration. The grounds are kept in 
 most perfect order, and all the surroundings teach one that 
 he stands on hallowed ground. 
 
 Oak Hill Cemetery is situated at the head of Thirtieth 
 street, west, and is reached by the line of the Metropolitan 
 streetcars, or as it is more commonly called the " F " street 
 line ; leavmg the cars at 30th street, a walk of two squares 
 north, will bring the visitor to the gateway of this charming 
 spot. It is located on the banks of the Rock Creek, the bound • 
 ary between West Washington, or as it was formerly called 
 Georgetown, and the city proper. Near the gateway is the 
 chapel built in the style of architecture of Henry VIII. This 
 is matted by ivy brought from "Melrose Abbey." In front 
 of the chapel is the monument of John Howard Payne, the 
 author of "Home Sweet Home !" who had been buried in 
 1852 in the cemetery near Tunis, Africa, and there remained 
 until, at the expense of Mr. Corcoran, his bones were brought 
 to this spot, and in '83 were re-interred with appropriate cere- 
 monies. The statue of William Pinkney, is near here also, (he 
 was the Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Maryland, and nephew 
 of William Pinkney, theg;reat Maryland lawyer,) it represents 
 that prelate in full canonical robes, and was dedicated to his 
 memory by Mr. Corcoran, who was the friend of his youth, 
 the comfort of his declining years. The mausoleum of Mr. 
 Corcoran for his family is a beautiful specimen of mortuary 
 architecture, this is in the north western section of the ceme- 
 tery, whilst in the south eastern is the mausoleum of the Van 
 Ness family, he was the member from New York , who mar- 
 ried the heiress, Marcia, daughter of David Burns, one of 
 the original proprietors of the site of Washington City ; this 
 tomb is a model of the Temple of the Vesta at Rome. The 
 cemetery comprises 25 acres^ incorporated in 1849, one-half of 
 which, and an endowment of $90,000 were the donation of Mr. 
 William W. Corcoran. Here were buried Chief Justice C'hase, 
 Secretary of War Stanton, the great Professor Joseph Henry, 
 and many others, illustrious in American annals. All that 
 nature with lavish hand can furnish of grateful shade and 
 
21 
 
 delightful glen, all that ai-t can suggest, stimulated by love 
 for those " who are not," find rare fulfillment in this beauti- 
 ful sleeping place of the dead. 
 
 Tlie Congressional Cemetery is situated in the extreme 
 eastern portion of the city, at the terminus of E street, south, 
 along the banks of the Anacostia or Eastern Branch. It is 
 the burial ground of the Christ Church Parish (Navy Yard), 
 and in area contains over 30 acres ; the grounds were laid out 
 in 1"807, in recompense for the donation of the Government to 
 the parish of this area, a number of sites were reserved for 
 the interment of members of Congress who might die, whilst 
 serving in that body. The statute directing such memorials to 
 be erected has now been repealed. 
 
 Every day, except Sunday, visitors are allowed to visit these 
 grounds, and the monument to George Clinton, Elbridge 
 Gerry, William Wirt, General McComb, the Commander-in- 
 Chief of the Armies of the United States, are well worthy of 
 inspection. There is here seen also a monument to a Choc- 
 tain Chief, who left this city for the "'happy hunting 
 grounds." Congress caused to be erected in the center of the 
 cemetery a receiving vault, where for some time reposed the 
 bodies of General Taylor and John C. Calhoun. This ceme- 
 tery is near the District Jail, about a half mile from the line 
 of street cars (Washington and Georgetown) which leave at 
 the corner of 8th and Peun avenue, S. E. 
 
 Court of Claiiii!^ — This tribunal holds its sessions in 
 the Department of Justice ; 1509 Pennsylvania avenue, north- 
 west, which is reached by taking the line of horse cars (Wash- 
 ington and Georgetown Railroad,) running along that avenue. 
 The jurisdiction of their Court is only exceeded in importance 
 by that of the Supreme Court of the United States, it was es- 
 tablished in 1855, to hear and determine all claims founded 
 upon any law of Congress, or upon any regulation of the Ex- 
 ecutive Department, or upon any contract, express or implied, 
 with the General Government ; as also of all claims which 
 may be referred to this Court by Congress. 
 
 The Department of Justice occupies a very imposing build- 
 ing known as the "Freedman's Bank," which was incor- 
 porated in 18G5, one of the last Acts of President Lincoln was 
 approving its charter, and every inducement was offered to 
 the freedman to invest in the concern* when the collapse 
 came it owed $-^>,000,000 to the defrauded black depositois, 
 and had only $400 of the United States Securities amongst its 
 assets. The money had been " jjermanently " invested in 
 the bank building, and in one or two other such pubUc edi- 
 fices, mostly in Washington City. 
 
 Corcoran Art Gallery.— Pennsylvania avenue and 17th 
 street, N.W. In 18G'J, this building, its contents, and a princely 
 
endowment fund, was made a free prift to the public by Mr. 
 William W. Corcoran. It was the Quarter Master General's 
 Headquarters during: the civil war, although the building was 
 not then finished. The building is 1C6 feet broad, and 125 feet 
 deep, built of brick, in the Renaisance style, with brown 
 facings and ornaments, a mansard roof rises 10 feet above 
 the second story, with a large central pavilion and two smaller 
 ones at the corners. " Dedicated to Art " is inscribed in the 
 front center— with statues 7 feet high, of perfect Carrara 
 marble, representing famous artists and sculptors, niched 
 along the whole length of the line of roof . Inside are price- 
 less gems of ai't and sculpture, and the value of the donation 
 may be further estimated by knowing that the building and 
 ground are worth $250,000, tlae collection of pictures and stat- 
 uary placed by Mr. Corcoran in its galleries, are valued at 
 $100,000, and the endowment fund is $900,000, yielding an 
 annual income of S70,00J. On Tuesdays, Thursdays and Sat- 
 urdays the admission is free, on the other days the admission 
 fee is twenty-five cents Catalogues and photograj)hic copies 
 of the best pictures and statues are sold by the janitor at the 
 entrance to the building on Pennsylvania avenue. The build- 
 ing is reached by the W. & G. Railroad, and is opposite the 
 State, War and Navy Department Building. 
 
 Cliurclies.— The National capital has many buildings 
 dedicated to the worship of the Almighty Being. The oldest 
 parish is the one adjacent to the Navy Yard— here is the 
 original^ church (Christ) located on G street, south, between 
 6th and 7th, east, in wkich Washington, Jefferson and 
 Madison attended— Erected in 1800, for 16 yeai-s it was the 
 only Episcopal Church in the city. The "Trinity "church 
 corner of 3rd and C street, N. W., built of Seneca sandstone, 
 with its two towers, is central, and largely attended. It was 
 for a long time in the heart of the court end of town. The 
 Bishop's Church (Pinkney) is on the highest point in the city, 
 corner of 12th and Massachusetts avenue, N. W. It is called 
 the " Ascension." It is the newest and most elegant church 
 edifice in the city. Facing Lafayette Park on H street, north, 
 corner of 16th street west, is the old church (1816) "St. 
 John's," built from plans made by Latrobe, one of the archi- 
 tects of the capitol, here Madison, Monroe, Jackson, and 
 Arthur attended divine services. First Unitarian Church, 
 (1824) corner of 6th and D streets, N. W., is now the Police 
 Court, next to it, east, lived Daniel Webster. John C.Calhoun 
 ~ was wont to attend its services. This society have an elegant 
 church on the corner of 14th and S streets N. W , (All Soul's.) 
 
 The Methodist Church, the " Metropolitan," on 4]4 street, 
 S. W., coi-ner of C street, north, is a very fine building, its deli- 
 cate spire reaching high into space, is a landmark in its vicin- 
 ity, it is the church of General Grant's favorite pastor. Dr. 
 
23 
 
 Newnican, and its services were largely attended. President 
 Cleveland attends the Presbyterian Church (Dr. Wunderland's) 
 about a half square north of the " Metropolitan. " The Roman 
 Catholics have three cliurches distributed over the city at 
 great distance apart, all large and handsome edifices, " St. 
 Aloysius " is on K and N. Capitol street, the choral services 
 here are very attractive, " St. Dominic's " is on the corner of 
 6th and F streets, S. W., and "St. Patrick's" is on 10th 
 between G and H streets, N. W. All other denominations 
 have churches, more or less woi-thy of mention. The ' ' Foun- 
 dry," corner of G and H streets, N. W., is a fine building, the 
 church of President Hajes. 
 
 City Hall (U. S. and District Courts.)— The District of 
 Columbia is national territory, her ofificers are United States 
 Commissioners, and their subordinates, her courts, are United 
 States Courts. The whole District is a ward of the nation. 
 The City Hall is the seat of local administration of law, and 
 is built at the head of 4/2 street, its northern extremity, at the 
 extreme southern end of that street formerly stood the peni- 
 tentiary, now taken for the Arsenal and Military Barracks. 
 Until 1871, the District had a local government, but one of the 
 prime objects of locality the Federal City in the District where 
 neither of the States had jurisdiction, was to remove the 
 Federal Government as far as possible from any local in- 
 fluences, this idea seems to have predominated in Congress 
 when it abolished all traces of local government and put the 
 administration of the police, the fire, the school, the tax, and 
 all the incidents of executive department of the local govern- 
 ment of the District in the hands of these three Commis- 
 siqners, Tlie City Hall is now, therefore, the Court House 
 only, it stands in Judiciary square, at the intersection of 
 Louisiana and Indiana avenues, in the open space in front of 
 it stands the Statue of President Lincoln, on a marble pillar. 
 The building is judged by some to be a fine specimen of archi- 
 tecture, it is 250 feet long by 166 feet deep, two stories high, 
 or 47 feet. Here Guiteau was condemned to death. Miss Mary 
 Harris v/as tried for killing Burroughs, here the Star Route 
 Conspiracy was tried, here Daniel E. Sickles, then a member 
 of Congress from New York, was tried for killing Philip Bar- 
 ton Key, and many other trials of more or less importance 
 here occurred. 
 
 The administration of local affairs by the Commissioners is 
 temporarily located (we hope) about two squares south of the 
 City Hall on 43^ street, just north of Pennsylvania avenue. 
 
 City Post Office.— About two squares to the south west 
 of the City Hall, on Louisiana avenue, near 7th and C streets, 
 N. W.. the Post Office is located in a building that was for- 
 merly known as the Seaton House, It is proposed that 
 
24 
 
 Congress shall appropriate a sum sufficient for the purchase 
 of this site, and erect thereon a post office suitable for the 
 services required thereof, which are immense, especially 
 whenever Congress is in session, and worthy of the Capital of 
 the nation. 
 
 County Jail.— The District once had its penitentiary, 
 but it is now torn dov/n, and the site thereof included in the 
 grounds of the Arsenal, and now the convicts are sent to 
 the penitentiary, at Albany, N. Y. The Jail is at the eastern 
 extremity of Q street, south, and could be readily converted 
 into a penitentiary should the authorities determine not to 
 exile our convicts as well as deprive them of their liberty. 
 The Jail is built of Seneca stone, is three stories high and con- 
 tains 300 cells, it is 310 feet by 190 feet, finished in 1882, at a 
 cost of $400,000. In the N. E. corridor of this building, 
 Guiteau the assasin of President Garfield was hanged. 
 
 Akin to this building in its purposes are two adjacent build- 
 ings to the south of it, the Work House and the Alms House, 
 many sad cases of wrecks, stranded on Washington's broad 
 Streets and avenues, are sent by the police authorities to these 
 structures, not to this District born, but whose sufferings 
 touch the common human heart with feeling of pity. On the 
 Bladensburgh road, two miles from the eastern terminus of 
 the Columbia streetcars, is the Reform School, for the boys 
 of the District who are incorrigible, where they are kept at 
 work and school mitil reformed or they become of age. The 
 farm contains 150 acres, and the buildings ai-e very complete 
 in every respect. The main building is a conspicuous land- 
 mai'k in that du-ection, standing 250 feet above the Potomac. 
 
 The Capitol.— The building is most beautiful, symmet- 
 rical and majestic, as well as the largest in this country, and 
 no matter from what point in the District you. look its mag- 
 nificent, spotless white dome, sui-mouuted by the bronze 
 figure of Freedom, the genius of America, 193^ high, is a great 
 landmark, and hangs like a great globe in the air. The Cap- 
 itol is in the center of the District of Columbia ; as originally 
 laid out, its center marks the IMeridian of Washington, and to 
 the city thoroughfares it is the great radiating center. All 
 the street railways, and lines of public conveyance pass near 
 or through its park, and from all points the view of the struc- 
 ture is most imposing. It was built from the plans of Stephen 
 S. Hallet, as modified by Dr. William Thornton, but the ad- 
 ditions and amendments of Latrobe and Bulfinch, with the 
 addition of the peerless dome and faultless wings, north and 
 south, have given to the American nation one of the most 
 magnificent buildings of the world, exciting the encomiums 
 of all beholders. Its length is 751 feet, its height to the top 
 of the figure of Liberty is 287 feet, 5 inches. The ground plan 
 
as 
 
 covers Sl4 acres and has cost to date $15,000,000. *The corner 
 stone of the center was laid by General Washington, Sept. 18, 
 1793, with imposing ceremonies; this the British troops nearly 
 destroyed in 1814, and the fire of 1827 more effectually com- 
 pleted their work of destruction. This part of the building is 
 352 feet in length, by 122 feet deep. The corner stone of the 
 extensions, north and south, was laid by Daniel Webster, 
 July 4, 1851, with an oration, and most imposing ceremonies. 
 In the south wing is the Hall of the House of Representa- 
 tives, now numbering 329 members, whilst the Senate, with 
 two Senators from, each State of the Union, occupy the north 
 wing. 
 
 The main entrance to the Capitol is to the east, the statue 
 or the dome faces the east, and the original intention that the 
 city should be built eastward is very easily seen. 
 
 The park suri'ounding the Capitol was greatly enlarged in 
 1874, and was laid out by the landscape gardener, Frederick 
 Law Olmstead, who was employed by the City of New York 
 to plan the improvement of Central Park in that great me- 
 tropolis. How completely he has attained success in the 
 arrangement of the Capitol Park, by the convenience of ac- 
 cess to the main building, and the adornment of the beauti- 
 ful hill upon which it is located, must strike the eye of the 
 most casual observer. We should approach the building from 
 the eastern side, where an immense space has been purposely 
 left for those of the nation's citizens that throng here to 
 stand and see the nation's executive inaugurated and sworn 
 to the execution of the laws and the protection of the con- 
 stitution. This ceremony occurs on the 4th of March of everj' 
 fourth year. For the accomodation of the dignitaries of the 
 nation attending, an immense platform is thrown out over 
 the steps to the eastern portico, and on this the President 
 is sworn by the Chief Justice of the United States, after 
 which he delivers his inaguaral address in the presence of the 
 assembled host of his fellow-citizens. Dii-ectly facing him 
 
 * In 1871, the project for removing the National Capital from Washington 
 was agitated and most seriously argued by members of Congress, from the 
 " West" especially; from statistics, compiled at the Treasury Department, in 
 answer to inquiries how deeply the National Government had made invest- 
 ments in this City, it appears that up to that year the improvements made by 
 the Government had made $45,000,000 iu the gross. From which we can 
 safely infer that the improvements up to this year [1S87] of all kinds will not 
 fail short of $70,000,000. 
 
 Mr. Thatcher, of the Capitol law library, who is preparing a statement of 
 the cost of the Capitol Building, says the cost of construction to August 1, 1814, 
 was $787,lfi:i; cost of old wing and constructing center, $1,614,240; construction 
 of new wings, $S,so,"),:W2; new dome, $92(1,^90; repairs and improvements, 
 $968,224; water from Smith's spring, $55,949; purchase of squares, $687,688 and 
 $984,195; improvements of the ground, $1,596,725; marble terrace, $200,003; a 
 total of over $15,000,000. 
 
during all this ceremony is the heroic statue of Washington^ 
 by Greenough, in Roman costume, his hand uplifted to 
 heaven as if solemnly adjuring liis new successor to fealtj^ to 
 the Nation. This statue cost $44,000, and said by Edward 
 Everett to be one of the finest works of sculpture of ancient 
 or modern times. 
 
 On the north of the eastern portico, on the abutment near- 
 est the main entrance is a group by Greenough also of heroic 
 size, entitled Civilization, or the first settlement of America. 
 It represents a mother, distracted by the attack of an almost 
 nude Indian, who with uplifted tomahawk is about to end her 
 life and that of the tender babe pressed so closely to her 
 bosom, who is saved by the approach of her husband ; he has 
 seized the murderous arm and doubtless will succeed in pro- 
 tecting his all. The faithful friend, the dog, watches for the 
 ultimate result with all eagerness. This group cost $24,000, 
 it took 13 years for its completion and is greatly admired. 
 On the abutment to the south of this portico is a correspond- 
 ing group by Persico, entitled the Discovery of America. 
 Columbus clad in complete armor, holds aloft the globe, 
 whilst a terrified Indian girl crouches at his feet in attitude 
 of intense amazement. This group occupied five years in its 
 completion, and cost $24 OOO. 
 
 In the niche to the north of the bronze doors enclosing the 
 entrance to the building, is the t.vpical figure of War, and on 
 the south side of these doors is the figure of Peace, the first 
 an antique, Roman soldier, the other a gentle maid tendering 
 the branch of olive. These heroic figures are nine feet high, 
 both by Persico ; cost $12,000 each, and five years of labor. 
 Whilst over the door is the bust of Washington, crowned by 
 Fame and Peace. 
 
 In the tympanum of the main portico, Persico placed the 
 figure of America crowned by a star, and supporting the 
 shield of the United States, she looks towards the figure of 
 Hope, on her right who apostrophises America, aijd points 
 towards a figure of Justice on the left. These figures are 
 beautifully executed, they are m feet high, and the idea of 
 their arrangement was conceived by the miad of John 
 Adams. 
 
 The tympanum of the norfh wing is filled by a group rep- 
 resenting the Progress of Civilization in America, by Craw- 
 ford, cut in Washington, cost $46,000. 
 
 The north front, as also the south, of the building, are orna- 
 mented with balustrades and beautifully proportioned colon- 
 nades, all in harmony without and within. The i^orticoes to 
 the north and to the south wing are each approached by 46 
 pure white marble steps, in harmony with the approach to 
 the main portico, and ai'e adorned with double rows of col- 
 
limns in the Corinthian order, 22 in all, each 30 feet high, all 
 of pure white marble. 
 
 The Bronze Doors, modeled in Rome by Rogers in 1858, cast 
 in Munich by von MuUerin ISO], at the eastern entrance to 
 the Rotunda, here they were placed in 1872, they are 19 feet 
 high and 9 feet wide, cost $28,000, and weigh 20,000 pounds. 
 They illustrate the Life of Columbus. Each door is laid off in 
 eight panels, and each panel is a perfect picture, in relievo 
 alto. The lower one on the left is the Examination of Colum- 
 bus before the Council of Salamanca, next above is the de- 
 parture from the Convent near Falos, and whose prior, Perez, 
 brought him before the Queen ; then is the audience with 
 Ferdinand and Isabella ; and the fourth is Sailing from Palos; 
 fifth is his Landing at San Salvador ; and sixth is the First 
 Encounter with the Indians ; seventh is his Triumphal Entry 
 into Barcelona ; the eighth represents Columbus in Chains ; 
 and the ninth is the Deathbed of Columbus. On these doors are 
 many historical portraits and statuettes which will repay 
 study and close examination : popes, kings, queens, bishops, 
 priests, soldiers, sailors and historians, whose names are in- 
 timately connected with that of Columbus, including Wash- 
 ington Irving and William H. Prescott. The doors are well 
 worthy of being "portals to the temple of freedom." 
 
 Tlie Rotunda.— Hhis we enter through these doors, its 
 height is 180 feet, the circumference is 300 feet, and the diam- 
 eter 96 feet. Its circular walls are divided into 8 panels, and 
 decorated with massive paintmgs, made famihar to our people 
 by having been engraved for the backs of our national cui'- 
 rency. These are each 18 by 12 feet and represent the follow- 
 ing subjects : Landing of Columbus in 1492, at San Salvador, 
 painted by John Vanderlyn, cost $12,C0O ; The Discovery of 
 the Mississippi by Ferdinand De Soto, in 1541, pamted by 
 Wm. H. Powell, cost $10,000 ; and the Embarkation of the 
 Pilgrims from Delft- Haven in Holland, July 21, 1020, painted 
 by Robert Walter Weir, cost $10,000 ; the four other paintings 
 are by Col. John Trumbull, an Aid-de-camp to Gen. Washing- 
 ton, 1775, cost $32,000, and depictimportaut events in the his- 
 tory of our counti'y : The Declaration of Independence at 
 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, July 4, 1776 ; The Surrender of 
 Gen. Burgoyne at Saratoga, New York, October 17, 1777 ; The 
 Surrender of Lord Cornwallisat Yorktown, Virginia, October 
 19, 1781 ; and The Resignation of Gen. Washington at Annap- 
 olis, Maryland, December 23, 1783, The sei-ies is more than 
 usually valuable by reason of the fact that these portraits 
 were nearly all painte^d from hfe, the others from original 
 portraits in the possession of their respective families. 
 
 Relievos. — Above the paintings are four alto-relievos and 
 four busts ; they are by different artists, cost in all $24,000, 
 
and each, signalizes some notable event in the history of our 
 country. The extraordinary results reached by artisans in- 
 dicates that this peculiar phase of high art " must have been 
 in its earliest stages of development when these figures were 
 executed." They represent, The Preservation of Captain 
 John Smith by Pocahontas in 1606; The landing of the Pil- 
 grims at Plymouth Rock, Mass., in 1620 ;WilhamPenn's Treaty 
 with the Indians at Philadelphia, in 1686; A Combat between 
 Daniel Boone and the Indians in Kentucky, in 1775. The four 
 busts represent Columbus, Cabot, Raleigh and La Salle done 
 in 1827 by pupils of Canova, cost $9,500. Higher up on the walls 
 C. Bruniidi has frescoed a sei-ies of historical pictures, so life 
 like and spirited and yet so fijiished, that they seem actuaUy 
 to stand out like statuary. The first in the series over the 
 western entrance to the rotiuida is the Landing of Columbus; 
 the second, Cortez Entering the Temjile of the Sun in Mexico ; 
 the third, Pizarro with the Horse in the Conquest of Peru; the 
 fourth. The Burial of De Soto in the Blississippi River ; the 
 fifth, The Rescue of Captain John Smith by Pocahontas; the 
 sixth, The Disembarkation of the Pilgrims, the seventh, 
 Pemi's treaty with the Indians at Philadelphia, Pa. ; the eighth, 
 The Industrial Colonization of the New England States; the 
 ninth. General Oglethorpe and the Indians in Georgia; the 
 tenth. The Battle of Lexington; the eleventh, The Declaration 
 of ludependance; the twelfth The Sui-renderof Lord Cornwal- 
 lis; the thirteenth The Death of Teciunseh: the fourteenth. 
 The American Army entering Mexico; the fifteenth, The Gold 
 Mines of California. These paintings complete the circum- 
 ference of the Rotunda. Each painting is twenty feet wide 
 and nine feet high; the cost in all about Si 0,000. The ceil- 
 ing of the Dome displays an allegorical painting ambitiously 
 called "The Apotheosis of Washington," in which he is 
 represented in purple robes, surrounded by female figures 
 representing the thirteen original States. The figures 
 around the margin representing Commerce, Agriculture, 
 Mechanics, War, Arts, and Sciences, make a pleasant finish 
 to the ceiling, and the artist has worked in the portraits of 
 Fulton, Morris, Morse and Franklin with the mythological 
 characters of Ceres, Mercury, Vulcan and Neptune, with 
 good effect. Cost, $50,000; cover, 5,000 square feet; done 
 in 1864. 
 
 Hall of Statuary. — From the Rotunda south is the old hall 
 of the House of Representatives modeled by Latrobe after a 
 theatre at Athens; it was occupied for thirty-two years by 
 the House of Representatives, and, in 1864, appropriated to 
 its present purpose. Though comparatively small, it was 
 large enough for the representatives of the people who met 
 forty years ago. It is semi-circular, 95 feet long, 60 feet in 
 its widest part, and over 50 feet to the highest point in the 
 
roof, and has been set apart by a special Act of Congress " in 
 order that each State should send the effigies of two of her 
 chosen sons to be placed here permanently." Several States 
 have responded, and this hall, which once resomided with 
 the eloquence of many a "forest-born Demosthenes," is 
 being peopled by the mute statues of histoi'ic characters in 
 marble and bronze. 
 
 Over the north door is a marble clock done by Franzoni, 
 1830. It represents history in the winged car of time record- 
 ing passing events, the hours are marked on the face of the 
 wheel; on the south wall, over the former Speaker's chair is 
 a gigantic figure of Liberty (1829) by a pupil of Canova, and 
 of very superior merit. Liberty now looks down on her 
 children. 
 
 Rhode Island was the first State to respond to the action 
 taken by Congress, and is represented in marble by Roger 
 Williams, born 1606, died 1868, the Apostle of Religious 
 Liberty. Artist Franklin Simmons, of Rhode Island ; placed 
 here in 1870. Nathaniel Green, born in 1742, died 1786, Major 
 General of the Army of the Revolution. Artist Henry Kirke 
 Brown, of Massachusetts, 1869. 
 
 Comiecticut sends in marble Jonathan Trumbull, bom 1710, 
 died 1785, the last Colonial Governor of the State, and the 
 intimate friend of Washington, so much so that Washington 
 called him Brother Jonathan. Artist C. B. Ives, of Con- 
 necticut. 1872. Roger Sherman, born 1721, died, 1793. A 
 shoemaker, lawyer, judge, delegate to Congress, one of the 
 Committee of Five, which reported the Declaration, and 
 one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. 
 Artist, C. B. Ives, of Connecticut, 1872. 
 
 New York sends in bronze, George Clinton, born 1739, died 
 1812, Vice-President of the United States. Artist, Henry K. 
 Brown, of Mass. Cast by Wood & Co., of Philadelphia, 1873. 
 Robert R. Livingston, born 1746, died 1813, one of the Com- 
 mittee of Five w^hich reported the Declaration, and one of 
 the signers of the Declaration of Independence. The first 
 Chancellor of the State of New York, and administered the 
 oath of office to Washington as President of the United 
 States. Artist, Erastus D. Palmer, of New York. Cast in 
 Paris by Barbedienne, 1874. 
 
 Massachusetts is represented in marble by John Winthrop, 
 bom, 1588, died, 1640. Artist, Richard S. Greenough, 1876. 
 Samuel Adams, born, 1722, died 1803, called by many "The 
 Father of the Revolution.''' 1876, Artist, Anne Whitney. 
 
 Vermont has contributed in marble Ethan Allen, born, 1737, 
 died 1789, Colonel of the Revolutionary Army, the captor of 
 Fort Ticonderoga in " the name of God and' the Continental 
 Congress!" Artist, Larkin C. Mead, 1875. Jacob Collamer, 
 bora 1792, died 1805, Postmaster-General of President Taylor's 
 
Cabinet, and United States Senator at the time of his death. 
 Maine has contributed in marble William King, born 1768, 
 died 1852, President of the convention which framed the con- 
 stitution of his state and her first Governor. Artist, Franklin 
 Simmons, 1877. 
 
 Pennsylvania in marble, is represented by Robert Fulton, 
 born 1765, died 1815, the inventor of steam navigation, Artist, 
 Helen Blanche, Nevin, 1883. John Peter Gabriel Muhlen- 
 burgh, born 1746, died 1807, a minister of the Gospel, vpho, 
 ■when his attention was called to that fact, said, there was " a 
 time to pray and a time to fight," a General of the Revolu- 
 tionary Army, 1884. Edmund D. Baker, born in the year 
 1811, died in the year 1861, a weaver, lawyer, and United 
 States Senator from Oregon, Colonel of the 71st Regiment 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers, killed in battle at Ball s Bluff, 
 Virginia, October 21st, 1861. Artist, Horatio Stone, cost 
 $10,000. Abraham Lincohi, born 18)9, died 1865, a farmer, 
 lawyer, member of Congress, and President of the United 
 States. Artist, Vinnie Ream, cost $15,000, 1870. Alexander 
 Hamilton, born 1756, died 1804, the first Secretary of the 
 National Treasury. Artist, Horatio Stone, cost $10,000, 1868. 
 The three last named were ordered by Congress. Thomas 
 Jefferson, born 1743, died 1826, one of the Committee of Five 
 which reported the Declaration, and one of the signers of the 
 Declaration of Independence, the third President of the 
 United States. Houdon's statue of Washington, is a copy of 
 which was taken by Hubbard. The original of this statue 
 was modelled from Washington himself, the artist being a 
 guest at Mount Vernon during that period. 
 
 There are several portraits adorning the walls, those of 
 Charles CarroU of Carrol Iton, born 1737, died 1832, the last 
 surviving signer of tlie Declai-ation of Independence. George 
 Washington, by Stuart, bought by Congress in 1876. from ex- 
 Senator Chesnut, of Camden, South Carolina, for $1,200. 
 Gunning Bedford, a member of the continental Congress from 
 Delaware, presented to Congress by the family. Benjamin 
 West, Joshua R. Giddings, and portraits in mosaic of Presi- 
 dents Lincoln and Garfield. Thomas Jefferson, by Sully, 
 Henry Clay the great Commoner, by Neagle. 
 
 The 14 columns of variegated marble from Potomac quar- 
 ries, each 35 feet high, are very handsome. 
 
 House of Representatives.— This Hall merits attention, 
 it is 139 feet long, 93 feet wide, and 36 feet high. The ceiling 
 of the Hall is of iron, very beautifully decorated ; the light 
 comes through glass panels, on each of which is painted the 
 arms of a State. The spacious galleries afford abundant room 
 for about 1400 persons, though it is seldom that so many are 
 present. Orators are in the wane, the newspaper leads pub- 
 lic thought, hence the people look in upon Congress with 
 
curious eyes, rather tlian for instruction. On the right side 
 of the Speaker's chair is a full length portrait of Washington; 
 artist. Vanderlyn. On the left side, a full length portrait of La 
 Fayette ; artist, Ary Schaffer. Washington at Yorktown, 
 Va., refusing the request of Cornwallis for an armistice, 
 just before the final surrender ; artist Brumidi. And two 
 paintings, one represenftng The First Landing of Henry Hud- 
 son, the other the Discovery of California, are by Bierstadt, 
 and cost $10,000, each. The corridors are paved with English 
 Minton tiles, and afford entrance to the various Committee 
 rooms which are accessible to the public. 
 
 The staircases to the galleries are of polished Tennessee 
 marble. On the wall of the western is the painting by Leutze 
 of Western Emigration, for which he received $20,000. Be- 
 neath it is a view of the Golden Gate, by Bierstadt. At the 
 foot of this staircase is a bust, in bronze, of an Indian Chief, 
 (Chippewa) Bee-she-kee, or the Buffalo, 1858, by Vinceiti from 
 nature. 
 
 On the wall of the eastern staircase is the painting of Lin- 
 coln and his Cabinet, considering the proposed Emancipa- 
 tion Proclamation. This was painted by Francis Bicknell 
 Carpenter. Mrs. Elizabeth Thompson paid .fSSjOOo for it, and 
 presented it to Congress, February 13, 1878. 
 
 At the foot of this staircase is a statue of Thomas Jefferson 
 —artist Powers— cost $10,J00. 
 
 TJie Supreme Court.— From, the Rotunda, going north, the 
 first point of interest is the Supreme Court Roo^i. It was the 
 Senate Chamber of forty years ago, and until ISE'J. It is semi- 
 circular in form, 75 feet long, 45 feet wide, and 45 feet high, 
 and has a dome ceiling. Around the wall on brackets are the 
 busts of deceased Chief Justices. In the robing-room adjoin- 
 nig is a portrait of Chief Justice Marshall, by Rembrandt 
 Peale ; also a portrait of John Jay, the first Chief Justice, by 
 Gilbert Stuart, and a portrait of Taney, by Healy. Leaving 
 the court room we come to— 
 
 The Senate, a beautiful chamber; the ceiling is of n*on; the 
 skylights in the center are glass panels painted with symbols 
 of national progre.ss. It was first occupied on Jan. 4, 1859, 
 and is 115 feet long, 80 feet wide, and 36 feet high, and will 
 seat about 900 persons. In close proximity is the— 
 
 President's Room, so-called, as this is the room where, to- 
 wards the close of a session of Congress, the President signs 
 the bills as they are adopted, during the closing hours of legis- 
 islation, it is beautifully ornamented. On the walls are por- 
 traits of Washington and his first Cabinet. The ceiling has 
 symbolic paintings representing Religion, Liberty, Legisla- 
 tive Authority, and Exi'cntive Power, witli portraits of Col- 
 umbus, Vespucius, Wm. Brewster, and Franklin. 
 
The Marble Room adjoining is of polished Tennessee mar- 
 ble and plate glass. It is 40 feet long and 20 feet wide ; and is 
 used as a private reception room by the Senators. 
 
 Tlie Vice- President's Room is the same size ac the Presi- 
 dent's. It is handsomely furnished, and a fine painting of 
 Washington by Peale adorns the south wall. 
 
 The Senate Reception Room is very elaborately and beauti- 
 fully ornamented. Senators meet those wlio call upon them 
 during the sessions of the Senate in this room. 
 
 The room adjoining, which was formerly the Senate Post 
 Office, is worth a visit. The ceiling is covered with symbolic 
 paintings representing Geography, History, Physics, and 
 Telegraphy. 
 
 The staircases to the galleries are of white Italian marble, 
 highly polished. On the wall of the eastern staircase is the 
 painting of the Battle of Lake Erie, September 10, 1813, by Wm. 
 H. Powell; cost, $25,000. At the foot of this stah'case is a 
 statue of Franldin, by Hiram Powers; cost, $10,000. Ascend- 
 ing these stairs the corridors paved with encaustic tiles lead 
 to a vestibule where are two paintings by Thomas Moran, 
 one. The CaHon of the Yellowstone, the other, the Cailon of 
 the Colorado; each cost $10,000. A pretty figure in marble 
 entitled,"Il Penserosa" is also here. Near by is an equestrian 
 likeness of General Scott. There is also a full length likeness 
 of Henry Clay, by John Neagle. On the western staircase is 
 a painting by James Walker' of the Storming of Chapultepec, 
 which cost $6,000. At the foot of this staircase is a statue 
 of Hancock, by Stone ; cost, $5,500. 
 
 The rooms of aU the committees of the Senate and House 
 are fitted up handsomely; those, however, which deserve more 
 special attention are the Committees on Agriculture, Mihtary 
 and Naval Affairs. The walls and ceilings are decoi-ated with 
 historical paintings of a highly meritorious character and 
 are well worthy a visit. 
 
 Beneath this part of the building is the heating and ventilat- 
 ing apparatus, an interesting place to visit, and will repay 
 close exammation. There is a similar arrangement under the 
 House of Representatives. The staircases from the lobby, 
 north of the Senate chamber, to the committee rooms below 
 are elaborate and beautiful specimens of bronze work formed 
 of vines and leaves, with deer, eagles and cupids as reliefs, 
 cost, $22,500, Bandia artist, cast by Archer & Co. of Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 The Bronze Door at the entrance to the Senate from the 
 northeast portico, illustrates Revolutionary and national hist- 
 ory symbolized by War and Peace. The panels are in the fol- 
 lowing order and represent The battle of Bunker Hill, and 
 the death of General AVarren, in 1775. The battle of Mon- 
 
33 
 
 mouth, New Jersej', in 1778. The battle at Yorkto\vn,Vn-ginia, 
 in 1T81. Hamilton's capture of a redoubt. The ovation of 
 Washington at Trenton, New Jersey, in 17H9. The first inaug- 
 uration of President Washington in 1789. The laying of the cor- 
 ner stone of the United States Capitol, September 3d, 1793, and 
 the Blessings of Peace. The door was designed by Thomas 
 Crawford, and was cast by James T. Ames, at Chicopee, 
 Massachusetts, cost $60,000. 
 
 Over the door there is a group in marble, representing Just- 
 ice and History. In the pediment are detached figures repre- 
 senting the progress of American civilization and the decad- 
 ence of the Indians; the center figure is America, to the south 
 is a soldier, then a merchant, then youth, then the teacher, a 
 mechanic, an anchor, a sheaf of wheat; to the north a pioneer 
 settler, then a hunter, an Indian chief, an Indian mother and 
 babe, an Indian grave. The figures were modelled by Craw- 
 ford, and including the work of cutting them, costabout 
 SoO,000, which we have already referred to. 
 
 The Library of Congress occupies the entire western pro- 
 jection of the central Caj^itol building, the central portion is 
 91 feet long by 34 feet wide; completed in 1853, the two wings 
 north and sovith, are each 95 feet long by 30 feet wide, and 38 
 feet high. The original library was commenced in 1800, but 
 was destroyed with the Capitol in 1814 during the war with 
 England. It was afterwards replenished by the purchase of 
 the library belonging to Ex-President Jefferson, by Congress, 
 embracing about 7,000 volumes. In 1851 it contained 55,000 
 volumes, and by an accidental fire in that year the whole col- 
 lection was destroyed, except 20,000 volumes. It was rebuilt in 
 1852, when $75,000 was appropriated in one sum to replenish 
 the collection. The new library halls, three in number, are fit- 
 ted up with ornamental iron cases and iron ceilings, the whole 
 being perfectly fire-proof, its architect was Mr. T. U.Walter 
 and the work was completed by Mr. Edward Clark, at a total 
 cost of $280,000 in 1867. The library is heated from the ap- 
 paratus of the Senate and House, distant 200 feet on either 
 side, and it is the only completely fire-proof library in the 
 world — all marble, iron and glass. The largest iu the United 
 States. 
 
 The law department of the Library is kept apart from the 
 main body, and is located immediately below the Supreme 
 Court !uom, in tlie room formerly occupied by tliat august 
 tribunal. This law library is the most complete and valuable 
 one in the country. The library is recruited by regular 
 ai^propriations made by Congress, which average about 
 $11,000 per annum; also by additions received by copyi-ight, 
 by exchanges, and from the Smithsonian Institution. The 
 library of the Smithsouian Institution has now been deposit- 
 
34 
 
 ed in the library of Cong^ress, where it is secured against loss 
 by fire. This collection is especially rich in scientific works, 
 embracing the largest assemblage of the transactions of learn- 
 ed societies which exists in the country. The library was 
 also enriched by the presentation to the Government, in 1882. 
 of the large private library of Dr. Joseph M. Toner, of Wash- 
 ington, numbering over 27,000 volumes, besides nearly as 
 many pamphlets. The donor, whose public spirit is worthy 
 of emulation, adds to the collection annually. The library of 
 copyright books was removed here from the Patent Olifice 
 in 1870, and all copyrights issued in the United States, are 
 now recorded in the books deposited in the office of the Li- 
 brarian of Congress. The present number of volumes in the 
 whole library, including law books, which are kept in a separ- 
 ate library room under the Supreme Court, is over 600,000, 
 besides about 180,000 pamphlets. A new building to contain 
 its overflowing stores of learning, and to afford room for 
 their proper arrangement, has become a necessity, and three 
 squares to the east of the Capitol grounds, are now being 
 prepared for the erection of a grand National Library worthy 
 of the Nation. This collection is very rich in history, political 
 science, jurisprudence; and books, pamphlets and periodicals 
 of American publication, or relating in any way to America. 
 At the same time the library is a universal one in its range, 
 no department of literature or science being unrepresented. 
 The public are privileged to use the books in the library, 
 while members of Congress and about thirty official meinbers 
 of the Government only can take away books. The library is 
 open every day, (Simdays excepted), during the session of 
 Congress, from 9 a. m. to the hour of adjournment. In the 
 recess of Congress it is open between the hours of 9 a. m. and 
 4 p. m. From the western portico the panoramic view of the 
 city and beyond is very fine. 
 
 TJie Dome. On the left of the small rotunda, immediately 
 north of, and adjacent to the main rotunda is found the door 
 leading to tne staircase, which winds its way up, makes 290 
 steps to reach the top of the dome, and on the way up afford- 
 ing an opportunity to study the mechanism of the immense 
 structure weighing over 8,000,000 lbs., with a diameter of 136 
 feet, finished 1865. TJie door at the top of the first flight of 
 steps brings us to the open space and we pass up between the 
 outer shell and the inner shell of the dome, on a stairway 
 which is lighted by a series of small arches, through which 
 the sides and floor of the rotunda can be seen as also the 
 canopy still above. We next reach the columns (36) and 
 then the balustrade above, along which one can go entirely 
 around the dome; a steep stairway placed above the miner 
 shell, brings us to the gallery immediately under Brumidi's 
 
35 
 
 "Apotheosis ofWashingrton'" and the other paintings on the 
 canopy, and over this bahistrade the peoi^le walking on the 
 floor of tlie rotunda can be seen, wlio loolc hive dwarfs, 180 
 feet beneath us. From this balustrade another abrupt flight 
 of iron steps brings us to the last point of ascent, and the 
 view from this platform will amply repay any one able to 
 make the ascent. We are within four feet as high as St. 
 PauPs dome in London is above the earth, and witiiin 26 feet 
 of as high as St. Peter's at Rome. Still above us is tlie lantern, 
 lighted at night when Congi-ess is in session, this is modeled 
 from the ancient "Temple of the Wind," and above all is 
 "Freedom," 19 feet 6 inches high, weighing 15,000 lbs. cost 
 $25,000, designed by Crawford and cast by Clark Mills. The 
 guard at this point is generally kind enough to locate the 
 points of Interest in view. Anacostia, and the Hospital for 
 the Insane to the east and south, the Arsenal, Alexandria, 
 Arlington, Fort Myer. Georgetown, with the Catholic Cohege, 
 the different Executive Departments nearer to us; Howard 
 University, Soldiers' Home; "Edgewood" the home of Chief 
 Justice Chase, Bladensburgh, Congressional Cemetery, and 
 the Navy Yard. 
 
 The original Capitol, or center building, is likened to the 
 Maison Carree at Nismes, but the modifications and additions 
 to the original portion have given to the building its greatest 
 magnificence and its most glowing charms. The crest of 
 the building is 397 feet above low tide water in the Potomac, 
 and 3U0 feet above the western entrance to its grounds at 
 1st and Penn avenue, west. The Washington monument 
 555 feet high stands immediately west of the building, and 
 the view at night from the western portico of the lights of 
 the city and of the great public mall, below us, is as pictur- 
 esque as any in the world. The view of the Capitol build- 
 ing on the east front, by moonlight, is equal to that apos- 
 trophised by Byron, in referring to the great Roman pile 
 under similar circumstances. 
 
 Tlie Crypt— Kea.ting and Ventilating Apparatus. Under 
 the whole building is a massive substructure of masonry (at 
 some points extending seventy feet into the earth's surface,) 
 upon which is reared the immense Capitol. Immediately 
 beneath the rotunda is a collection of gigantic pillars sup- 
 porting its stone floor and the dome,— among these— are con- 
 structed store-rooms for the use of the Congressional Library. 
 
 Below this, still, is the crypt, originally designed for the 
 reception of the sax'cophagus to contain the remains of Gen- 
 eral Washington. 
 
 Beneath the north wing are the heating and ventilating 
 apparatus of the Senate Chamber, whilst under the south 
 wing are those of the House of Represeutativas . The supply 
 
of air is thrown into the Senate at the rate of 30,000 cubic 
 feet per minute, and is drawn from a shaft on the western 
 side of the Capitol. There are eighteen miles of steam pipes 
 here used for heating this chamber. Whilst this House has 
 40,000 cubic feet of fresh air per minute, and thirty miles of 
 steam heating pipes are here used. 
 
 The kitchens of the refectories under each chamber will 
 here be found. The engineers will give all needed informa- 
 tion, and a visitor maj' be allowed to test the strength of the 
 electric machines if desired ; many of the members are ac- 
 customed to taking " the shock " as a stimulant. We must 
 say it is better than the "cold tea" furnished in the 
 refectories very often. 
 
 Horo is the Capitol lighted F — Adjoining the dome is the 
 electric battery of 180 cells, on Smee's principle, that gives 
 the current to a Gai'diner apparatus, and so 1300 gas lights 
 are put in a blaze in a few moments. This machinery cost 
 $30,000. 
 
 St. Peter's at Rome is 144 feet higher; St. Paul's in London 
 is 9'2 feet higher; whilst Washington's monument, due west 
 from the Capitol, one mile, is 555 feet in height. 
 
 The Capitol covers more than S]4 acres, is one-eighth 
 smaller than St, Peter's, and one-fifth larger than St. Paul's. 
 St. Peter's has already cost $49,000,000, and the new Court 
 House in New York cost over $8,000,000. 
 
 The western approach to the Capitol is to be made even 
 more magnificent if possible, than is the eastern. The 
 marble terrace, twenty feet high, with balustrade extending 
 from the N. E. corner along the N.,W. and S. fronts, to the 
 S. E. corner of the building, adds the appearance of another 
 story to the western front, and gives an appearance of finish 
 to the base of the structure, which was most seriously 
 needed. The space for storage luider the terrace was also 
 very much needed ; this is absolutely fire proof. At the foot 
 of the main stairway is placed the bronze statue of Chief 
 Justice Marshall, made in Rome, by Story, cost $;eO,000. 
 
 Before the western entrance to the Capitol park from Penn- 
 sylvania avenue, is the Naval Monument— the work on the 
 figures is delicate aud beautiful; the artist, Franldin Sim- 
 mons of Rhode Island . Its height, 40 feet, cost $ 25,000, 
 erected 1878. At the apex is History recording the deeds of 
 her valiant dead, whilst America with head bowed upon her 
 shoulder, weeps for their loss; these figures are 8^ feet high. 
 Before the western panel, below them, the figure of Victory, 
 6 feet high, holds the crown of laurels over the typical 
 figures o£ the marine and the sailor, whilst in front of the 
 eastern panel at the monument is the figure of Peace, with 
 the emblems of her conquests at her feet. 
 
37 
 
 Tlie Old Capitol.— Facing the Capitol Park on the east, 
 at the intersection of 1st street, east and A, north, with Mary- 
 land avenue, is a trio of splendid residences, (the corner is 
 occupied by General WiUiam McKee Dunn, and in the most 
 southern is the hospitable abode of Judge S. F. Field, one of 
 the Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United 
 States) . Their walls were once those of a building known as 
 the Old Capitol. It received this name for the reason that 
 when the British, in 1814, burnt out the unfinished Capitol; 
 this building was fitted up as the meeting place of Congress, 
 and hei'e for many years that body sat. Afterwards it be- 
 came a boarding house, and in it John C. Calhoun died. 
 During the Civil War it was the old Capitol prison, and within 
 its yard Henry Wirz, the keeper of Andersonville prison, was 
 executed, as also several others, victims of the civil war. The 
 same waUs now make Lanier place, and they have become 
 witnesses of many scenes usual to the cultured elegance and 
 social refinement of their present owners. 
 
 The Coast Survey — South of Capitol building, on New 
 Jersey avenue, near B street, south: the street cars (Wash- 
 ington and Georgetown) pass within one-quarter of a square 
 of this department. The duties of this office are to make 
 and publish maps and charts of our coasts and harbors from 
 surveys thereof, to estabhsh the triangulation of the interior 
 of our country, and connect the surveys of the eastern and 
 western coasts, and so determine geographical positions of 
 latitude and longitude, to publish books for sailing directions 
 and annual tide tables computed in advance for all our 
 ports. This office also has the custody, by statute, of our 
 standard of weights and measures. The office is man- 
 aged on thoroughly scientific principles, and is completely 
 equipped for the execution of its important duties— a visit to 
 the same will amply repay a visitor interested in this great 
 work. 
 
 Engraving and Printing, (Bureau of)— Situated 
 on B street, S., near 14th street, W. — near the Washington 
 Monument. This is a branch of the Treasury Department, 
 and here one can see the engraving and printing of the 
 bonds, notes, bank notes and Internal Revenue stamps used 
 by the Government. In 1879 this work was removed from 
 the Treasury Building proper, and this handsome fire-proof 
 building was occupied for that purpose. Its cost was 
 $366,930, exclusive of ground, and the number of employees 
 is over 1,000. The buikling is reached by the horse cars 
 called the '• Belt Line," which cross Pennsylvania avenue at 
 1st street, and also at 14th street, north-west, and go south- 
 ward. In the building the visitor is placed in charge of a 
 Govermneut guide, and shown all of its details. 
 
;&otanical Gardens are to the west of the Capitol 
 p:rounds, between Pennsylvania and Maryland avenues, and 
 between 1st and ^nd streets, W. The immense glass dome, 
 having a diameter of 61 feet, with its vane •" 18C7 " must at- 
 tract the eye as one descends from the Capitol steps to the 
 ■rt'est. The area of the gardens is about ten acres; the length 
 of the building is 300 feet; the width of the center, 61 feet. 
 The Wilkes Exiaedition brought home the first plants for this 
 Garden of a rare order, and now within its walls of glass and 
 iron will be found a complete exhibit of the plants, the trees 
 and the flowers of all parts of the world. It is a great 
 •'object teacher" in botany intended for the education of 
 the people and the distribution of plants among them. The 
 Gardens are under the administration of a committee of Con- 
 gress, and each member of Congress receives his quota of 
 the shrubs, seeds and plants for distribution among his 
 constituents. 
 
 In these gardens, about the center thereof, between the 
 main building and Pennsylvania avenue, is the " Bartholdi 
 Fountain " so greatly admired at the Centennial Exhibition 
 in Philadelphia (1876.) 
 
 The Executive Mansion, or White House, is sur- 
 rounded by the Executive Departments, on the west of its 
 park is the massive structure occupied b}^ the State, the War 
 and the Navy Departments; on the east of these grounds is 
 the United States Treasmy Building; — this building faces 
 Pennsylvania avenue and 15th street, W., and is just one and 
 one-half mile west of the Capitol building, On the north of 
 the Treasury, across Pennsylvania avenue, is the Department 
 of Justice, which contains the law offices of the Attorney and 
 Solicitor Generals, the legal advisers of the Executive. 
 
 The Secretary of the Interior and the Postmaster General 
 are on F street, north, between 7th and 9th streets, west, but 
 it is believed that these two officers of the Cabinet will be 
 drawn nearer the White House for quarters; the present 
 General Post Office being far too small for its purposes, will 
 be converted into the City Post Office, and the Patent Office— 
 as it is generally known and called — will be devoted to the 
 purposes suggested by the name by which it is known. 
 
 The grounds surrounding the Executive Mansion constitute 
 80 acres of land. The building is two stories high, 180 feet 
 long by 90 feet deep, modelled after the palace of the Duke 
 of Leinster at Dublin, but made far more imposing by the 
 addition— during the residence here of General Andrew 
 Jackson— of a massive porcli, reaching to the roof line and 
 forming a magnificent port cochere. 
 
 The building was burned by the British in 1814. The main 
 approach is from Pennsylvania avenue on the north, a 
 
carriage drive and foot walk from the two gateways sweep 
 in a semi circle in front of and under this porch. 
 
 The main entrance is into a large vestibule, very richly 
 decorated. The grand East Room, 80 feet long, 40 feet wide 
 and 22 feet high, is the place for general receptions, and is 
 open from 10 to 3 o'clock for the public view. This room is 
 most beautifully adorned. The furnitm-e, the mirrors and 
 the chandeliers are of the most elegant. Next to this room 
 on the west is the Green Room, then the oval room called 
 the Blue Room, 40x30 feet, where the President and his 
 assistants in that duty receive the visitors at the evening re- 
 ceptions. Next is the Red Room, which is the parlor of the 
 President's family; and into which from the vestibule all 
 visitors must pass, at levees or public receptions, on their 
 way to the Blue Room. The Rooms receive each of their 
 names from the prevailing color of its furniture and drapery. 
 The State Dining Room, 40x30 feet, is next to the Red Parlor, 
 and is fitted up for the purposes of the various pubhc 
 banquets given by the Executive to the dignitaries of the 
 nation and those of foreign governments. The Conservatory 
 stands on the west wall of the Mansion ; it is very attractive, 
 being filled with many beautiful shrubs and flowers, as also 
 rare exotics. This is in charge of a skilled florist, formerly 
 employed by Jay Cooke ; with an appropriation of $5,000 per 
 year he makes this one of the " Sights of Washington." 
 
 The public offices of the Executive are on the second floor, 
 east, and the seven sleeping apartments are on the same 
 floor, to the west. On the walls of the apartments and 
 galleries are hung many valuable portraits of the Presidents. 
 Across Pennsylvania avenue, north of the White House, is 
 Lafayette Park with the equestrian statute of Jackson, whilst 
 one square west of it, (,17th street and Pennsylvania avenue,) 
 is the Corcoran Art Gallery, which, therefore, faces the 
 State, War and Navy Department building. 
 
 Whilst south of the Mansion are the beautiful grounds, in 
 which during the summer months the celebrated " Marine 
 Band " give open air concerts, and beyond them stands that 
 wonderful structure, the " Washington Monument." 
 
 General L<and Office — This important bureau of the 
 Interior Department, occupies the 9th street front of the 
 Patent Office, north-east corner of 9th and F streets, north- 
 west. Reached by the line of Metropolitan street cars. 
 
 HealtU (National Board of,) has its quarters at 
 1410 G street, northwest, east of the Treasury Department. 
 
 Hospitals.— The Distri(;t of Columbia is amply supplied 
 witli such buildings; they are supported by private contribu- 
 tions, though in some instances they are aided by District 
 appropriations. Near the City are located some national 
 
40 
 
 hospitals: The "Hospital for the Insane of the Army and 
 Navy," sometimes called " St. Elizabeth," from the name of 
 the original tract of land on which the hospital is built. It is 
 reached by the street cars (Washington and Georgetown) to 
 Navy Yard gate, and then by the Anacostia street railway to 
 the foot of the hill upon which the hospital stands, distant 
 from terminus of cars one-half a mile. The grounds sur- 
 rounding the building are over 400 acres, and at a distance 
 the establishment appears like some elegant country seat; 
 the main building is 750 feet long, four stories high, with re- 
 ceding wings and embattled parapet. In 1855 it was opened, 
 and within its enclosure are over GGO patients from the army 
 and navy; in many instances, the infirmity has been brought 
 on by the shock of battle. The establishment is most com- 
 pletely equipped as to staff and all the appliances of science, 
 and most perfectly kept by its able superintendent and his 
 assistants. It is under the control of the Secretary of the 
 Interior by law, and is supported by the National Govern- 
 ment. Cost $1,513,112, Open to visitors on Wednesdays, 
 from 2 to 6 P. M. The point of location is one of the highest 
 in the District, and from it the panorama is extensive and 
 grand. 
 
 National Deaf Mute College is situated on Bovmd- 
 ary street, where Tth street, east, intersects M street, north, 
 and is reached nearest by Columbia street railway, leaving it 
 at Tth and H streets, northeast; then walk north from H to M. 
 The institution was incorporated in 1857, and is for the fz-ee 
 education of deaf mute children of sailors and soldiers of the 
 United States, as also of the children of the District so 
 afflicted. The gi'ounds surrounding the main building are 
 100 acres. This building is 216 by 76 feet, built of Connecticut 
 brown stone, with layers of white Ohio sandstone, roofed 
 with red and blue slate in courses and patterns. The style 
 is pointed Gothic of the 14th century , and presents a hand- 
 some appearance. The value of the property is fixed at 
 p50,000 ; the building cost the Government $751,000. The 
 estabhshment is most complete, and uses the French system 
 of instruction. The hospital fr children is on W, between 
 12th and 13th, N. W. ; for women on Pennsylvania avenue 
 and 2.ith street, N. W. ; for f reedmen at 5th and Boundary ; 
 the Providence on 2d and D streets, N. E. ; the Naval (cost 
 $125,000) is on Pennsylvania avenue and 9th, S. E., and the 
 Emergency and Dispensary is at 416 10th street, N. W. 
 
 Soldiers' Home was originally a military asylum, 
 built from part of the money ($118,791) levied on the City of 
 Mexico by General Scott, to which fund is added the fines 
 and forfeitures against soldiers, and a tax of 12 cents per 
 month on each man in the regular service. In 1868 the fund 
 
41 
 
 had increased to $800,000, The Home was first opened in 
 1851, and now contains 500 acres in its bounds. It is for the 
 benefit of the private soldiers of the regular service, who 
 must surrender their pensions whilst inmates. The mam 
 building is 200 feet front, built of marble, with a tower of 
 90 feet in height in the center, of Roman style of Architecture. 
 Along the west approach is the Governor's, the Surgeon's, 
 and other residences of the officers of the Home ; to the 
 east is a beautiful chapel, and a large dormitory south ; and 
 on the crest of the hill, facing the city, about one-quarter 
 mile south of the main building, is the heroic bronze statue 
 of General Winfield Scott, in full uniform, 10 feet high, by 
 Thompson, 1873 ; cost $18,000. The drive through the 
 grounds is seven miles in length, and is very elegantly kept. 
 Go to head of 7th street by Washington and Georgetown 
 branch street cars, and take Silver Spring horse cars to en- 
 trance of Home— The Hotel des Invalides of the American 
 army. 
 
 Interior Department is in the Patent Office ; the 
 office of that member of the cabinet, the Secretary of the 
 Interior, is in the corner of the building, at the jimetion of 
 7th and F streets, N. W. 
 
 Justice (Department of) is in the building formerly 
 used as the Freedman's Bank, cost $197,779, and Is opposite 
 the north front of the Treasury building ; open from 9 until 
 3 ; enter from Pennsylvania avenue at west end of building. 
 
 Louise Home is a munificent gift of Mr. William W. 
 Corcoran, 1871, costing $200,000, and has an endowment of 
 $250,000 ; situated on Massachusetts avenue, between 15th 
 and 16th, N. W. ; reached by the 14th street cars 
 (Washington and Georgetown Railway), at junction of 
 Massachusetts avenue. It is named after the wife 
 and daughter of Mr. Corcoran, and is the home of 
 gentlewomen, of education and refinement, of re- 
 duced circumstances. The 55 inmates are treated as 
 the guests of Mr. Corcoran, and are invited to the 
 Home by the Board of Directors. Open every day, ex- 
 cept Sundays, after 12 o'clock. 
 
 Museum ( National ). — Situated on B street, south, 
 between lOth and 12th streets, west ; is always interesting to 
 all classes in search of amusement or instruction. It is 
 under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution, and is but 
 a few yards east of that building. This Museum cost $250,000, 
 and is an immense structure, covering 214 acres of ground ; is 
 350 feet square; built of brick ; chiefiy only 1 story high, but 
 at the corners are pavilions rising to 3 stories in height, 
 whilst the central doorways are flanked by towers. In the 
 
42 
 
 center is the dome, 77 feet high at the walls, and at the top 
 108 feet. From this center diverge the four aisles, each 
 63x117 feet. From the curious and valuable things brought 
 home by Wilkes' Exploring Expedition, to which we must 
 add the specimens acquired since in fifty expeditions sent 
 out by the general Government, besides the great number of 
 donations of individuals, we must further add nearly all the 
 foreign exhibits of the Centennial Exposition of Philadelphia 
 (1876), and many others from scientific societies and 
 museums all over the world. In 1883 all these valuables 
 ^estimated at $800,000) were removed to this Museum. Each 
 article is so carefully and intelUgently labeled, and so classi- 
 fied, as to need no catalogue. 
 
 Adjacent to this, on the east, is the Army Medical Museum, 
 to be finished August 1st, 1887, 
 
 Monmneiits The National to Washington ; situated 
 
 south of the Executive Mansion and Departments, near 
 the Bureau of Engravmg and Printing, and also the Smith- 
 sonian Institution and National Museum. Robert Mills, the 
 architect, intended this shaft to reach 600 feet, and it now 
 measures, to the aluminum tip which rests on the capstone, 
 555 feet. This capstone was placed in position December 6th, 
 1884. The orator at the dedication on the following anni- 
 versary of Washington's Birthday was the orator at the lay- 
 ing of the corner stone, July 4th, 1848, Robert C. Winthrop, 
 of Massachusetts. The monument is 55 feet square at the 
 base, and tapers at the rate of one-quarter of an inch to the 
 foot on the outside, but inside, the walls are perpendicular ; 
 the space, 25 feet square for 150 feet, where it is enlarged to 
 130 feet, and so continues to the top. The wall is 15 feet 
 thick, and by the gradual taper becomes 1 foot 6 inches at 
 the top. Sunk into the walls are the memorial stones sent 
 by Turkey, China, Switzerland, Japan, from the Temple at 
 Carthage, from the chapel of Tell, and from the tomb of 
 Napoleon, besides scores of others from various bodies in our 
 own country. The National Govei-nment assumed the com- 
 pletion of the monument in 1880 at a pomt of 174 feet high, and 
 it has cost $794,163, beside the large sums spent on the monu- 
 ment prior to 1880. In addition to the stairway in the center 
 of the shaft there will be an elevator placed for visitors to 
 ascend the monument, and enjoy the scene of mountain, 
 valley, river and hill, the beautiful city at his feet making 
 the view of nature and art complete. Bunker Hill at Boston 
 is 220 feet ; Sesostris' Obelisk in Eg}^t, 200 feet ; St. PaulVs, 
 London, 320 ; St. Peter's. Rome, 465 ; Cathedral at Stras- 
 burg:h, 460 ; Tower of Moliui, Belgium, 550 ; Public 
 Buildings at Philadelphia, 565. The equestrian statue of 
 Washington, 15 feet high, in the circle at intersection of 
 
Pennsylvania avenue and 2'M street, W., 1861, Clark Mills, 
 artist, cost S50,000. The equestrian statue of General Andrew- 
 Jackson, 1853. in Lafaj'ette square, north of Executive 
 Mansion, designed and cast by Clark Mills, cost S50,000. The 
 statue of General Nathaniel Greene (equestrian) in Stanton 
 square, 5th street and Massachusetts avenue, N. E., Henry 
 K. Browne, artist, $50,000. The Emancipation, 11th street 
 and E, Capitol, Thomas Ball, artist, $1 7,000. The statue of 
 General George Thomas (equestrian), M and 14th streets, N. 
 W., artist, J. Q. A. Ward, cost $65,(00. The statue of 
 General Winfield Scott (equestrian), IGYz and N streets, N. 
 W., H. K. Browne, artist, cost ^73,(00. The statue of General 
 James B McPherson (equestrian), Vermont avenue and 15th 
 street, N. W., cost $43,500, artist, T. Robillo, of Ohio. The 
 statue of Martin Luther, N and 14th streets, N. W., cost 
 $10,000. The statue of General John A. Rawlins, 8 feet high 
 (he was Grant's Chief of staff), at 9th and Pennsylvania 
 avenue, N. W., artist, J. Bailey, 1874, cost $10,000. The 
 statue of Admiral D. D. Farragut, Connecticut avenue and 
 17th street, Vinnie Ream, artist, I87;i, cost $20,000. The 
 statue of Admiral Dupont, at intersection of Connecticut 
 and Massachusetts avenues. The statue to Prof. Joseph 
 Henry, at N. W. corner of Smithsonian Institution, 9 feet 
 high, on a column 27 feet high, by Story, cost $10,000. The 
 statue of Abraham Lincoln, south of Judiciary square, artist, 
 LotFlannery. The statue of Washington, east of the Capi- 
 tol. The statue of Chief Justice Marshall, west of the 
 Capitol. The Naval Monument, also west of the Capitol. 
 The last three mentioned in connection wir h the Capitol. The 
 statute of General James A. Garfield, at intersection of Mary- 
 land avenue and First street, west, to be dedicated May, 1887. 
 Tlie Parks and Squares- 
 Washington circle is at 23d street. New Hampshire and 
 Pennsylvania avenues, and contaming an equestrian statue 
 of Washington . 
 
 McPherson square is at Vermont avenue, I, K and 15th 
 streets, containing an equestrian statue of General Mc- 
 Pherson. 
 
 Farragut square, at Connecticut avenue I, K and 17th 
 streets, containing a statue of Admiral Farragut. 
 
 Dupont circle, at New Hampshire, Connecticut and Massa- 
 chusetts avenues and 19tli street, holding the statue of 
 Admiral Dupont. This circle is in the heart of the most 
 aristocratic part of the city. 
 
 Scott circle, at Rhode Island and Massachusetts avenues 
 and 16th street, containing an equestrian statue of General 
 Winfield Scott. 
 Thomas circle lies at the intersection of Vermont and Mas- 
 
44 
 
 sachusetts avenues and M and 14th streets. An equestrian 
 statue of Gen. George H. Thomas adorns this, the smallest of 
 the circles. 
 
 Lafayette square is opposite the Executive Mansion, north 
 of Pennsylvania avenue, reached by the hne of Metropolitan 
 and Washington and Georgetown street ears. It contains 7 
 acres ; in the center of it is placed the statue of General 
 Andrew Jfickson, one-third larger than life ; cost $.oO,000, 
 and weighs 15 tons. The horse is poised on his hind legs, 
 and not fastened to the marble base by rivets or bolts. The 
 artist was Clark Mills, 1853, and this is believed to be the 
 only equestrian statue so constructed. 
 
 Lilac Park, at L and 12th streets and Massachusetts 
 avenue, and Syringa Park at 10th and L and Massachusetts 
 avenue, are two triangles beautifully kept, and noted for 
 their profusion of the shrubs from which they get their 
 name. 
 
 Mount Vernon place includes New York and Massachusetts 
 avenues, and K street between 7th and 9th streets. A mag- 
 nificent fountain in the center greatly adorns this beautiful 
 park. 
 
 Judiciary square (20 acres) faces D street, south, and lies 
 between 4th and 5th streets, W., extending to noi-th G. It con- 
 tains the Pension Building and the Court House of the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia. Reached by Metropolitan cars. 
 
 Iowa circle is at Vermont and Rhode Island avenues, P 
 and 13th streets. General Grant's house is on the southwest 
 side. 
 
 Lincoln Park occupies the grounds at the intersection of 
 North Carolina, Massachusetts, Tennessee and Kentucky 
 avenues, A street, northeast, A street, southeast, and East 
 Capitol street. It contains the beautiful group of statuary 
 representing Lincoln striking the fetters from the limbs of 
 the slaves. Reached by the Metropolitan cars. 
 
 Franklin square, between 1 and K, and 13th and 14th 
 streets is the most artistically designed and beautiful of all 
 the smaller reservations. It contains a natural mound, sup- 
 posed to be an Indian burial place, and a spring of delicious 
 water, which supplies several hydrants and the Executive 
 Mansion. 
 
 Rawlins square is at the intersection of New York avenue 
 and E street, west of the White House. The statue of 
 General Rawlins has been removed and placed at S. E. cor- 
 ner of 9th street, west, and Pennsylvania avenue. 
 
 Stanton place is at the intersection of Massachusetts and 
 Maryland avenues and C street, northeast. It contains a 
 gtatue of General Nathaniel Greene. 
 
45 
 
 The Markets of Washington are very elegant, and the 
 supplies thereof very fine and plentiful. There ax'e four 
 principal markets— the K street Market (corner of 5th, N. 
 W.,) is 324 feet long, 126 feet wide, and 105 feet high, built in 
 1874 ; its arch extends the whole width of the building, and 
 rests upon iron girders, the largest of the Idnd in the world ; 
 cost $140,000 ; it is the jjroperty of the Northern Liberty- 
 Market Company. The Eastern Mai-ket (1873) occupies a 
 large structure, corner 7th and G streets, S. E. The largest 
 and finest is the Center Market, erected by a corporation 
 (The Wash. Market Co. ) in 18?0 ; it occupies the half of the 
 squares between 7rh and 9th streets, west, facing Pennsjd- 
 vania avenue. This building is 415 feet long, and no finer 
 market exists in the world. It is well worth a visit on Satur- 
 day morning. 
 
 Navy, State and War Depjartnients. All these 
 departments of the Executive are in the massive structure 
 erected in granite and iron on the western boundary of the 
 Executive Mansion Park ; begun in 1872, from plans of 
 A. B. Mullett. . The building is in the Italian Rennaisance, 
 567 feet long and 313 feet wide, the greatest height being 125 
 feet. It was commenced in 1871 ; occupied in part by the 
 State Department in 1875, There are 150 rooms altogether, 
 and the cost has been over $7,000,000. It combines the mas- 
 siveness of antiquity with the elegance of modern archi- 
 tecture. 
 
 The Navy Department has the east front of the building, 
 and here are found all the bureaus appertaining to yards 
 and docks, construction and repair, equipment and recruit- 
 ing, provisions and clothing, medicine and surgery, naviga- 
 tion, ordinance, and engineers of our navy. 
 
 The War Department has the north front of this building, 
 and all its bureaus of conmiissary, quartermaster, surgeon, 
 paymaster, engineers, ordnance and inspection of the army 
 are at hand. The Winder building, across ITth street from 
 this building, contains a very interesting museum, appertain- 
 ing to warfare on laud. 
 
 The State Department occupies the south front, and some 
 of its rooms are fitted up with great elegance. The library 
 is the most attractive and intei-esting. Here is seen the 
 original of the Declaration of Independence, and many valu- 
 able documents, Wasln'ngton's commission as Commander- 
 in-Chief, and the Andre papers. Here are kept the original 
 rolls of all the Statutes of the United States, and the original 
 of all foreign treaties. The Reception Room of theDiplO' 
 matic Corps is elegantly finished and furnished. 
 
 Navy Yard, at the foot of 8th street, east, and M, south, 
 
contains 27 acres ; reached by Washington and Georgetown 
 street railway, the Navy Yard gate being its eastern ter- 
 minus ; at one time the mos famous in tlie countrj^ ; tlie 
 second largest ship of the line was built here, as also the 
 famous cruisers : the Essex, the Wasp, and others. It is now 
 converted into the great ordnance foundry of the navy, and 
 here visitors will find many things to interest them, more es- 
 pecially the manufacture of steel rifle cannon, and the con- 
 version of smooth bores into rifle cannon. There are a large 
 number of curiosities here, relics of our various wars— from 
 Tripoli, from EngUsh cruisers, and from the Confederate 
 cruisers and rams ; torpedoes of all kinds, shell for piercing 
 iron-clads, the Armstrong shell (English pattern) thrown by 
 the Alabama's crew and stuck into the stern-post of the 
 Kearsarge off the coast of France. Had it exploded the 
 victor in that combat must have been sunk. Across the 
 Anacostia, on the heights, overlooking this yard, is the 
 Hospital for the Insane, where the Government affords the 
 most skilful aid attainable for such of its brave men as may 
 be afflicted. The brave, intrepid Cushiug, so distinguished 
 in the Civil War as a naval officer, here ended "his brilliant 
 and honorable career. The Kavy Pay Office is at the corner 
 of 15th street and New York avenue, opposite the north end 
 of the Treasury Department. 
 
 Newspapers.— The principal newspapers from every 
 portion of the United States have headquarters in this Citj-, 
 whose location are within one or two squares of the corner 
 of 14th and F streets, northwest. The local press is ably 
 conducted as a rule— the Evening Star, corner of 11th street 
 and Penn avenue, N. W., being the oldest and best organized 
 corporation managing a newspaper at the Capital. 
 
 The Post is the democratic daily at the corner of 10th street 
 and Penn avenue, with a most efficient staff; in the same 
 building (the Post) is the ''National Republican,'''' a morn- 
 ing daily; the Critic, an afternoon sheet; and the Sunday 
 papers, the Herald and the Gazette. The Capital has its 
 office at No. 14-^6 Penn avenue, N. W. There are more than 
 a score of other newspapers published in the City, of more 
 or less merit in their management. 
 
 Observatory (U. S. Naval), situated at the foot of 24th 
 street, west, and E street, north, is reached by the Washing- 
 ton and Georgetown street railway, leaving|them at 23d and 
 K streets, N. W., (the "Circle,'') and walking southwardly 
 from K to E streets. The grounds are 20 acres in extent, and 
 kept in very best order. The main building is 50 feet 
 square, two stories high, with a dome, 23 feet in diameter and 
 7 feet high. The two wings are 26x21 feet and 18 feet in 
 heighth. The dome contains the equatorial telescope ; cost. 
 
47 
 
 in 1845, S6,000at Munich; its aperture is 9.6 inches, and its 
 length, 14 feet. The library located in the main building 
 contains (),000 volumes, mostly on astronomy and some as 
 old as 1442, 
 
 In the eastern wing is aroim when all the chronometers 
 for the use of the Navy are tested, and from this room also 
 all the Departments receive tlieir time daily at 12 M. In 
 rear of the main building is the new dome, 41 feet in diameter 
 and 40 feet high; here tlie new steel telescope, 32 feet long, 
 is mounted (1873); it has the largest aperture in the world— 
 26 inelies in diameter; cost $50,000, in Cambridgeport, 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 Potomac Flats.— South of the Observatory and also of 
 the Exfecutive Mansion park, to the west of the Washington 
 Monument grounds, and as far south as the juncture of the 
 Potomac and the Anacostia river in front of the Arsenal, 
 will be seen the great work of reclaiming the marsh lands of 
 the Potomac along the city's front between the points men- 
 tioned. This work is equalled only by the Thames embank- 
 ment at London; it was far more necessary, for the health of 
 this city, the perservation of tlie channels for navigation to 
 this city's wharves, at the foot of the streets from 6th to 14th 
 streets, west, and along the Georgetown front, and apart 
 from these considerationSj the value of the land reclaimed, 
 over 800 acres in area, will more than repay the cost of the 
 labor and instruments necessary to the worlc. 
 
 About the center of this reclaimed area crosses the " Long 
 Bridge" into Virginia; also used for railway traffic by the 
 Pennsylvania Railroad, a most important thoroughfare ; from 
 the junction of C street, north, and New York avenues, it is 
 proposed to erect the grand Memorial Bridge to (jieneral 
 Ulysses S. Grant, its northern abutment resting at this point 
 and crossing the northern edge of the reclaimed area, whilst 
 its southern terminus will be near Arlington in Virginia — a 
 great bond of union between the North and South. 
 
 The bridges at Bennings' and east of the Navy Yard, as 
 also from Georgetown towards Arlington, are all frail struc- 
 tures unworthy of the nation's capital. The iron bridge 
 (IB'IO), about 4 miles above Georgetown, 1350 feet long, known 
 as the Chain Bridge (1811) which was destroyed by the 
 fresliet and ice gorge, but gave name to the locality, was for 
 a long time the only bridge between Maryland and Virginia. 
 The Grant Memorial bridge is greatly needed, and will be 
 built in the near future, we believe. 
 
 Patent Office.— Situated on F street, running north to 
 G street, between 7th and 9th streets, N. W., thus occupying 
 two squares of ground, iu area 2 J4 acres . On this site was to 
 have been the National Church— (whatever General Wash- 
 
48 
 
 ington meant by the expression, cannot be ascertained)— or, 
 America's Westminster Abbey. 
 
 The Metropolitan street cars, as also the 7th street branch 
 of the Washington and Georgetown hue, pass along the fronts 
 of this massive strncture. 
 
 The building is 453 feet from E. to W., and 331 feet from N. 
 to S. ; it is built around a court yard 265 feet by 135 feet, con- 
 tains 191 rooms, and cost $3,250,000. The style of architecture 
 is a pure Grecian Doric without ornamentation of any sort, 
 from the plans of Elliott and Town, by Robert Mills, Archi- 
 tect, and was begun in 1849. The original building had been 
 destroyed by fire, December 15th, 1836, with some 4,000 models 
 of patents. Mr. Thomas U. Walter, who was architect of 
 Girard College, Philadelphia, took charge in 1851. witji Mr. 
 Edward Clark as assistant, who is now architect of the U. S. 
 Capitol building, and the building was finished in 1864, under 
 Mr. Clark's superintendence. 
 
 The model of the Panthenon, or Temple of Minerva, at 
 Athens, in exact size of the original, has been used as the 
 main portico facing south, it is composed of a double row of 
 Doric columns, fluted, six feet in diameter and 32 feet high. 
 There are porticoes to the building on the north, east and west 
 faces. On the main floor of the building are the offices of the 
 Interior Department, and, the Museum occupies the whole of 
 the second floor of the building; this contains all the models 
 of American and foreign inventions, patented imder the 
 statutes of the United States. This collection numbers over 
 155,000, since the fire of 1836, which are divided into 145 gen- 
 eral classes, and over 8,000 subdivisions thereunder. The 
 number of patents granted annually is about 15,000. On Sep- 
 tember 24th, 1877, fire destroyed the contents of the south 
 and west wings, and the models in the halls situated in those 
 wings. 
 
 Pension Office.— Situated in Judiciary square, (north 
 boundary,) on G street, north, between 4th and 5th streets, 
 west. It is the largest brick building in the world, 12,000,000 
 Avere used in its construction, cost $137,000, and became an 
 absolute necessity from the large increase in the pension 
 list of the United States. 
 
 Post Office Department, situated at 7th and F 
 streets, N. W., is a beautiful specimen of Corinthian archi- 
 tecture, but is dwarfed by too close proximity to the Patent 
 Office, which is immediately north. The entire building is 
 300 by 204 feet, built around a court 194 feet by 95 feet 
 wide, which is entered by a carriage-way in the west front. 
 Over this carriage-way "is a group representing Fidelity on 
 the key-stone ; on the one side the Genius of Steam, on the 
 other Electricity ; life-size figures, cut out of marble in 
 
basso relievo. The Postiuaster-GeneraFs Office is on the 
 south front. The Dead Letter Office, ui the northeast corner 
 of the building, has an accumulation of many curiosities, 
 coming from unmailable matter— snakes, alligators, and 
 other things not allowed to be mailed, and from packages 
 illegibly or improperly addressed. In this building there are 
 2 stories and a basement, containing 81 rooms. Begun 1853, 
 finished 18d6, at a cost of $2,150,000. 
 
 Printing: Office (XT, S. Government) is on the cor- 
 ner of H street, north, and North Capitol street ; reached by 
 the Columbia Line of street cars. It occupies 300 feet on H 
 street, and 175 feet on North Capitol street, 60 feet deep and 
 four stories high ; purchased in 1860, and has cost $296,000. 
 It is tlae most complete establishment in the world of its 
 kind, emplo5'ing a large force, often over 1,000 in all, and 
 practically without limit as to capacity for work. The 
 Record at each day's proceedings in Congress is issued from 
 this office every moniing at 6 A. M. during its session ; over 
 1,000,000 of volumes have been issued in a year of docu- 
 mentary work. The Government publications of all kinds, 
 some of them exceedingly valuable, are here printed. 
 
 Police Court and Police Headquarters.— 
 Through these instruments of justice the good order of the 
 city is preserved, and considering the vast territory to be 
 guarded and the smallness of the corps, the police of this 
 city deserve great praise for efficiency and vigilance. Every 
 morning, and sometimes that, too, on holidays, the I'olice 
 Court opens to try parties arrested during the previous day 
 and night, and the scenes here witnessed are frequently 
 worthy of the pen of a Dickens and the pencil of a Hogarth. 
 It must be known that Washington City is the Mecca of the 
 tramp, as well as the professional " crook,'" and the curious 
 medley of figures, colors and sex cannot probably be seen in 
 any other city as is displayed at the nation's capitol. These 
 Headquarters are on the corner of 5th and D, northwest, at 
 their intersection with Louisiana avenue, whilst on the same 
 block, one square west, at the corner of D and 5th streets, N. 
 W., will be found the Police Court, organized for the trials of 
 a class of criminals of inferior grade, and with the powers of 
 a committing magistrate under the common law. The De- 
 tective Corps is supposed to be as fine as any in the country, 
 and they may be at your elbow whilst you are reading this 
 paragraph, guarding you against the powers of evil, the 
 pickpocket and the sneak thief. The Capitol and its grounds 
 have their own police, as have several of tlie departments, to 
 protect the valuable deposits contained tlierein. 
 
 State Department. See Navy Department, as they 
 are in the same building. 
 
50 
 
 Signal Corps (IT. S. Army).— West of the War De- 
 partment on (4 street (1725 G street, N. W.,) will be found 
 the Headquarters of this Corps ; reached by Washington and 
 Georgetown street railway, at corner of 17th and Pennsyl- 
 vania avenue, and thence one square south and west. The 
 curiosities of these headquarters are in the instrument room 
 on the fourth floor, where the visitor can perceive the 
 mystery of manufacturing the " indications " of weather for 
 the next twenty-four hours. 
 
 Smitlisonian Institution.— On B street, south, be- 
 tween 8th and 9th, west ; reached by Belt Line and the 7th 
 street branch of Washington and Georgetown street railway. 
 It is east of and near to the Agricultural Bureau, and ad- 
 jacent to the Museum (National). The grounds extend from 
 7th to 12th streets, west, and from B street, north, to B 
 street, south, covering an area of 52}^ acres, which wei-e laid 
 out by the landscape gardener, Andrew Jackson Downing, 
 who died (1852) whilst so engaged. In the east portion of these 
 grounds, a beautiful vase of Italian marble, 4 feet high 
 and 3 feet in diameter, has been erected to his memory by 
 the American Pomological Society ; it stands on a granite 
 plinth, 10 feet high, and cost $1,500. These grounds are con- 
 sidered very beautiful, and contain 150 specimens of American 
 shrubs and trees. The Smithsonian is strangely like a Norman 
 castle of the 12th century. It was designed by James Ren- 
 wick. Jr., of New York, and from east to west is 447 feet 
 long, the central tower is 145 feet hiph, and the greatest 
 breadth 160 feet ; the main building is 205x57 feet, and 58 
 feet high. The matei-ial is the dark red sandstone found 
 where Seneca creek empties into the Potomac above George- 
 town, being the same in color as that used in the erection of 
 the great Trinity Church of New York City. The roofs are 
 of slate and ii-on. The institution is now practically fire 
 proof (it suffered most seriously by a fire in 18G5), and 
 within its walls are many specimens of interesting objects 
 connected with science. It was the gift of James Smithson, 
 a son of the Duke of Northumberland (1829). The fund, 
 £515.000. was received in 1835, and the Institution organized 
 April, 1846 ; cost $492,000, including the restoration after the 
 fire of 1865. At the northwest corner of the building is the 
 life-like statue of Prof. Joseph Henry (so long at the head of 
 the Institution), in bronze, by Story ; cost $10,000. 
 
 Soldiers' Home is mentioned under the title, Hospi- 
 tals. 
 
 Treasury Department.— Situated on 15th street, 
 east of the Executive Mansion grounds ; reached by the 
 Washington ; nd Georgetown street railway. The building 
 is 468 feet on 15th street, and 264 feet from east to west ; 
 
51 
 
 originally built between 1794 and 1799 ; it was partially de- 
 stroyed in 1801, and burned by the British in 1814 ; it was re- 
 constructed some three years later, and again burned in 
 1823, and again it was burned in 1853. Robert Mills raised 
 the immense facade, 33G feet long, of 30 Ionic columns, 
 flaulced by a recessed portico, in 1835. This is character- 
 ized by the architect, Mullet, as reminding him of 
 a box of cigars escaped as they stood in a row ; finished in 
 1835. and in 1855 the wings were added from plans byThos. 
 U. Walter ; the south finished 1860 ; the west in 1864 ; the 
 north in 1869 under A. B. MuUett. The building contains 
 195 rooms, and cost $7,158,000. In this building everything 
 relating to the receipts and expenditures of the nation are 
 considered, and the record tliereof preserved. The cash 
 room, near the noi-th entrance, is a beautiful room. The 
 vaults under this room can only be visited on the permit 
 given by the Treasurer of the United States. The amount 
 here kept is generally ^10,000,000, and frequently $5,000,000 
 have been shipped from these vaults in a single day to the 
 sub treasuries in other cities. 
 
 War Department. See Navy Department. The mas- 
 sive building to the west of the Executive Mansion is the lo- 
 cation of the State, War and Navy Departments. 
 
 I>i!«taiice!i( to points on the Potomac river from 7th street 
 wharf ; com^jiled from U. S. Coast Survey charts : 
 
 MILES. MILES. 
 
 Persimmon Point 59 
 
 Alexandria 5 
 
 Fort Washington 11% 
 
 Mount Vernon 14 
 
 Marshall Hall 15)2 
 
 White House 17 
 
 Glymont. opp. Sycamore 
 
 Point 22 
 
 Indian Head 23% 
 
 Occoquan Creek 25 
 
 Mattawoman Creek 27}^ 
 
 Cockpit Point 29 
 
 Quantico Creek 3li^ 
 
 Sandy Point 34 
 
 Liverpool Point 36 
 
 Smith's Point 39M 
 
 Acquia Creek 40 
 
 Maryland Point 45i^ 
 
 Nan'jemoy Cireek 5li^ 
 
 Cedar Point Light 53 
 
 Matthias Point, opp 
 
 Windmill Point 55 
 
 Lower Cedar P'nt Light. 61 Vg 
 Up ' r Machodock Creek. 63 
 
 Bluff Poh^r, 06 
 
 Mattox Creek 69 >a 
 
 Pope's Creek Landing . . 72 
 Great Wy comico Bay . . 75 
 Blackstone Isl'd Light.. 79 
 St. Clement's Bay, opp. 
 
 Nomini 81 
 
 Machodock River 84 
 
 Rugged Point 871^ 
 
 Piney Point 92}^ 
 
 St. Mary's River, opp. 
 
 Yeocomico River 98.}^ 
 
 Point Lookout 106 
 
 Smith Put Liglit Ships. 117 
 
 Rappahannock 137 
 
 York Spit Liglit 161 
 
 Fortress Monroe 175 
 
 Norfolic 187 
 
52 
 
 EXCURSIONS. 
 
 There are several excursions to be made from Washington 
 that will prove verj' interesting — Arlington, Soldiers' Home, 
 Mount Vernon, Bladensburgh, and the great Falls of the Po- 
 tomac. We mention first— 
 
 Bladenslmrgli is a station on the Baltimore and Ohio 
 Railroad, about 8 miles from Washington City. Between 
 that railway and the old turnpike, about one-half mile before 
 Bladensburgh is reached, is a secluded dell, along the bot- 
 tom of which runs a small rivulet. On the borders of this 
 tiny stream is a bank, the deposit of alluvia, a perfect level, ' 
 and on the surface was the famous duelling ground located, 
 the distance paced off by many brave men, who could set- 
 tle their difficulties in no other way. Leave the railway 
 train at the station called Highlands, the first before reach- 
 ing Bladensburgh station ; then you are on the height where 
 the Battle of Bladensburgh was fought, the Americans 
 facing the east to resist the passage of the British over the 
 branch before them, and the duelling ground is to the west 
 of the station, The Highlands, about a hundred yai'ds along 
 tlie railroad track. 
 
 The Great Falls of tlie Potomac.—*' If there were 
 no Niagara in America," says Townsend, " the great Falls of 
 the Potomac would be one of its chief attractions." The road 
 to this spot is over the gentle level of the gi-eat aqueduct, a 
 9-foot conduit ; capacity, 80,000,000 gallons daily, and has a 
 charming succession of prospects and river views to make the 
 ride veiy agreeable and interesting. In the summer season 
 a small steam packet runs from Georgetown up the canal to 
 the Great Falls, three times a week, for 50 cents for the 
 round trip. At the great Falls the scenery is weird and 
 wild. Immense masses of rock lie piled upon each other in 
 the wildest confusion ; the forest and the dense under- 
 growth of wild shrubbery grow upon the shores, and seem 
 to crown the stern face of nature here displayed with a 
 crown of living green. Here is a favorite resort for fisher- 
 men in the proper season, and black bass in great numbers 
 ai-e caught. At this point the Chesapeake and Ohio C^anal 
 Company is brought under your inmiediate inspection, and 
 the system of "locking " studied out. The idea of connecting 
 the water of the Potomac and of the Ohio, by a canal 360 
 miles in length, was a favorite of General Washington. He 
 made sevei-al surveys of the river, and soundings of the 
 stream from Georgetown to and beyond the Great Falls. 
 This scheme engaged his attention when he was called to 
 command the armies of the united colonies, lT76-d3, and 
 
53 
 
 after the war he took up the prosecution of the plan, •' The 
 Potomac Companj',"' incorporated in 1784, by the State of 
 Maryland, before 1800 had completed a caiial across the 
 Littie and Great, Falls. Congress, as also the States of 
 Virginia and Pennsylvania, granted charters to the enter- 
 l)rise. In 1841 the canal was opened to Cumberland at a 
 cost of $13,000,000, to which sum Maryland gave $5,000,000, 
 the United States $1,000,000, Washington $1,000,000, whilst 
 Georgetown, Alexandria and the State of Virginia each gave 
 $250,000. Cumberland is yet the terminus of the canal. It 
 has 75 locks, of 100 feet in length. 15 feet in width, averaging 
 8 feet lift; 11 aqueducts span the Monocacy river, consist- 
 ing of 7 arches of 54 feet span, with 190 culverts of various 
 dimensions, some sufficiently spacious to allow the passage 
 of wagons through them. Tne canal is fed from the Poto- 
 mac iBy draws varying from 500 to 800 feet long, and from 
 4 to 20 feet high. The canal is 60 feet broad for the first 00 
 miles above Georgetown, and for the i-esidue of the distance 
 to Cumberland it is 50 feet in width, with a uniform depth of 
 6 feet, the entire lift being 600 feet. There is a tunnel 
 through the Pawpaw Ridge, 3,118 feet long, 24 feet in 
 diameter, with an elevation of 17 feet clear of the surface of 
 the water. From Cumberland to Pittsburgh is 178 miles yet 
 to be done. 
 
 Moiiiit Vernon is below Washington City, 14 miles 
 distant, on the Potomac river. Here the river is IJ'^ niiles 
 wide. This point is reached by a special steamer (now the 
 W. W. Corcoran), which has its wharf at the junction of M 
 street, south, and 7th street, west, near the terminus of that 
 branch of the Washington and Georgetown street railway ; 
 leaves at 10, and returns at 4 o'clock. The sail is made very 
 enjoyable by the variety of lake-like views and bold points of 
 land seen on the way ; "the sudden windings of the Potomac 
 seem to cut off further progress by the projecting bluffs 
 thrown across the line of vision. The tomb of Washington is 
 near the landing ; a marble sarcophagus contains his re- 
 mains, and beside it is another, simply inscribed, "Martha, 
 the Consort of Washington." The obelisk beyond is to the 
 memory of a nephew, Bushrod, to whom the estate, Mount 
 Vernon, was devised. He died in 1821, whilst one of the 
 Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United 
 States. Another obeli.sk is to Jno. Augustine Washington, the 
 successor of Judge Bushrod Washington in the title to the 
 estate. A little further along the pathway to the mansion is 
 the old vault where Gen. Washington was originally buried. 
 The title to the mansion and adjacent grounds is now m the 
 Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union (1850). The 
 building is 96 feet long, 3 stories high, with a porch along its 
 
54 
 
 whole front, and the cupola above. It and the contiguous 
 grounds, 6 acres, are kept as Gen. Washington left them ; 
 many of the trees, oak and magnolia, were planted by him. 
 Within the building are many relics of the great man— his 
 sword, camp equipage, spy glass and surveyor's tripod, the 
 key to the Bastile, presented by Lafayette, 1789 ; many valu- 
 able oil paintings and house furniture used by the General. 
 
 To Fortress Monroe and Norfolk — During the 
 summer months an Inexpensive and delightful trip is to take 
 one of the river steamers, at foot of 7th street, and visit 
 these two places. It requires two days for the trip, but 
 affords much enjoyment. 
 
 Street Bailtvay.s of Washington and Adjacent 
 Suburbs. 
 
 How to Reach all x>ortions of the National Capital. 
 
 Fair for each person, on all lines, five cents. Tickets are 
 sold by the driver or conductor of all cars, six for twenty -five 
 cents, good on any line. * 
 
 Washington and Georgetowii Railroad— Sta,rts at George- 
 town, corner of High street, down Bridge street, across Rock 
 creek, east along Pennsylvania avenue, passing circle contain- 
 ing Mills' statue of Washington ; Corcoran Gallery, State, War 
 and Navy Departments, President's House, Lafayette square, 
 containing Mills' equestrian statue of Andrew Jackson; De- 
 partment of Justice (halting at Fifteenth street, where trans- 
 fers are given to Fourteenth street Branch) Fifteenth street, 
 past Riggs' House and Treasury Department; again down 
 Pennsylvania avenue by Willard's and other hotels, and 
 through the principal business portion of the city, crossing 
 Seventh street, west, at Center Market (where transfersare 
 given to the Seventh street Branch going north towards 
 Boundary street, or south to Potomac river), past Botanical 
 Gardens and Naval Monument (here transfers are given to 
 branch running to Baltimore and Ohio Railroad depot), as- 
 cending south side of Capitol Hill, continuing along B street 
 south to Pennsylvania avenue, turning into Eighth street east, 
 past the Marine Barracks to Navy Yard gate. Returning, 
 same route and conditions. 
 
 Fourteenth street Branch — Starts at New York avenue 
 and Fifteenth street, west, at Northeast corner of Treasury 
 Department out Fourteenth street to Bomidarj^ passing 
 Franklin square and Thomas Statue. Transfers given to and 
 from Main or Avenue line. Connects with cars to I\Iount 
 Pleasant every half hour: fare, 3 cents additional. 
 
55 
 
 Seventh street Pj*a7ic7i— Starts at Boundary and runs due 
 south across the city, along Seventh street, west, passing Mount 
 Vernon square, Patent and Post offices. Odd-fellows' Hall, 
 crossing Pennsylvania avenue at Center Market and city Post 
 Office (where transfers are given to the Main or Avenue line), 
 continuing across tlie mall, past the Smithsonian Institution 
 and National Museum, to the wharves of the Mount "Vernon, 
 Norfolk and other steamers and Alexandria ferry. Returning, 
 same route. 
 
 Metropolitan Railway — Leaving Georgetown, where it 
 makes a circuit of West, High, Fayette, Second, Dumbarton 
 and Montgomery streets, passing near Georgetown College, 
 Academy of the Visitation, High Service Reservoir, and Oak 
 Hill Cemetery, over Rock creek to P street, north, thence 
 along Connecticut avenue, amidst the palatial residences of 
 the West End, including that of the British minister; along 
 Seventeenth street, west, to H street, north, Fourteenth street 
 to F, passing Willard's and the Ebbitt House, crossing Ninth 
 street (where transfers are given to the Ninth street Branch), 
 past the Patent and Post Offices, to Fifth street to Louisiana 
 avenue, passing Judiciary square, City Hall, and Lincoln 
 Monument, Indiana avenue to C street, by the Baltimore and 
 Ohio depot to Delaware avenue, to B street, north, to First 
 street, east, thence along East Capitol street, to Lincoln Park. 
 Returning, same route going west, except along New Jersey 
 avenue and D street, instead of Indiana avenue. 
 
 Cars also leave the west front of the State, War and Navy 
 Departments at convenient intervals, connecting with above 
 line at Seventeenth and H streets. 
 
 Ninth street Branch —Starts at northern terminus of 
 Seventh street, west, (where it connects with Silver Springs 
 Branch), diverging to Ninth street, thence south, passing 
 Mount Vernon square. Masonic Temple, Patent and Post- 
 Offices at F street (where transfers are given to Main line 
 east or west), thence to B street, passing Center Market and 
 Baltimore and Potomac Depot, Sixth street to Missouri 
 avenue, to Four-and-a-half street, thence to Arsenal gate and 
 Steamboat wharves, Potomac river. Returning, same route. 
 
 Silver Springs Branch— Starts from northern terminus of 
 Ninth street Branch, following Seventh street road, past 
 Howard University and Schuetzen Park, to entrance to 
 grounds of Soldiers' Home. Returning, same route. 
 
 Columbia Railvmy— Starts at Fifteenth street, west, north- 
 east of Treasury Department, along New York avenue to its 
 intersection with Massachusetts at Seventh street; thence on 
 Massachusetts avenue to H street, north, past the Govern- 
 ment Printing Office to Boundary and beginning of Baltimore 
 turnpike and Benning's Bridge road. Returning, same route. 
 
56 
 
 North Capitol and O street (or Belt) Railroad— starts from 
 Maryland avenue and Four-and-a-lialf street, thence east to 
 First, west, between Capitol grounds and Botanical gardens, 
 north to G street, west to Fourth street, at Pension Office 
 north to P street, west, to Eleventh street, south to E street 
 noi'th, west to Fourteenth street, near Washington Monu 
 ment. Agriculture Bureau, Smithsonian, National Museum 
 south to Ohio avenue, east to Twelfth street, south to Vir 
 ginia avenue and east to starting point. Returning, same 
 route, except passing east over O instead of P street. 
 
 This line also has short eoimecting roads running to the 
 Center Market, Potomac river steamboat wharves. Bureau 
 of Engraving and Printing, Washington Monument and 
 Eleventh and Boundary. 
 
 Anacostia Railroad — Starting from foot of Seventh street, 
 along M street, south, past Navy Yard gate, to Eleventh street, 
 east, and over the Anacostia Bridge to Uniontown or Ana- 
 costia and nearest to Government Hospital for the Insane. 
 Returning, same route. Transfers to and from Avenue line 
 or Seventh street Branch Washington and Georgetown Rail- 
 road, 3 cents. 
 
 Herdic coaches are running from the Navy Yard, and also 
 from Lincoln Park, 11th street, east, and East Capitol street 
 to the Capitol, via Pennsylvania avenue to Twenty-second 
 and G streets, northwest, and out Sixteenth street, west, to 
 boundary. Fare 5 cents; six tickets for 25 cents. Horse 
 car tickets are also received as fare. 
 
 Herdic Cabs are run to any part of the city. Fare 25 cents, 
 within one mile; 75 cents per liour for one passenger; $1 per 
 hour for more than one. Stands, East Capitol front and 
 Pennsylvania avenue and Seventh street, northwest. 
 
 Itinerary. 
 
 For an Itinerary of a visit to Washington city it is suggested 
 that one day be devoted to the Executive Mansion, Treasury, 
 Corcoran Art GaUery, State, War and Navy Department and 
 the Museum in the Winder Building, with the Observatory, 
 Washington Circle and Lafayette square for the afternoon of 
 that day. For the second day: the Navy Yard, Coast Survey 
 and the Capitol, and Botanic Garden. For a third day the 
 Washington Monument, Bureau of Engraving and Printing, 
 Agricultural Bureau, Smithsonian and National Museums. 
 Another day for Mt. Vernon, one day for Arlington, Patent 
 and Post Office Departments between 10 and 1 o'clock, one 
 day for Soldier's Home, and another for Great Falls. 
 
57 
 
 A Traveler's Ouide of Great Railroads 
 entering Washington City. 
 
 PennsyUania Route, or Baltimore and Potomac Railroad. 
 B. and P. station, 6th and B streets, N. W.— For New York, 
 Philadelphia and the East, 7:25, 9, and 11:15 a. m., 12:30, 2, 
 4 :15, 10 and 11 :20 p, m. Boston, 2 p. m. daily. For New York 
 on Sunday, 9 a. m., 12:30, 2, 4:15, 10 and 11:20 p. m. For 
 Chicago, Cincinnati, St. Louis, Pittsburg and the West, 9:40 
 a. m, (fast line); daily to Cincinnati and St. Louis and except 
 Saturday to Chicago; 12:15 p.m. (Chicago Limited) daily. 
 Chicago and Cincinnati Express, 7:10 p.m. daily, with through 
 sleepers to Chicago and St. Louis. Pacific Express, 10 p.m. 
 daily. For Richmond and the South, 6 and 11 a.m. daily and 
 4:35 p.m. daily, except Sunday. For Baltimore, 6;35, 7:25, 9, 
 9:40 and 11 a.m., 12:15. 12:30, 2, 4, 4:15, 4:23, 4:40, 6, 7:10, 10 
 and 11:20 p.m.: on Sunday, 9, 9:40 and 11:15 a.m., 12:15, 12:30, 
 2, 4, 4:15, 6, 7:10, 10 and 11:20 p.m. For Pope's Creek Line, 
 7:25 a.m. and 4:40 p.m. daily, except Sunday. For Annapolis, 
 7:25 a.m. 12:15, 4:23 and 6 p.m. daily, except Sunday; on 
 Sunday, 9 a.m. and 4:15 p.m. For Erie, Canandaigua, 
 Rochester, Buffalo and Niagara, 10 p.m. daily, except 
 Saturday. 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio Route.— Station, corner New Jersey 
 avenue and C street, N.W.— For Chicago, 10 a.m. (fast lim. 
 ited), 10 p.m. daily; for Cincinnati, Louisville and St. Louis, 
 daily, 3:30 and 10:10 p.m. For Pittsburg, 10 a.m, 8:55 p.m. 
 daily. For Baltimore, 5, 6:30, 6:40, 7:30, 8:30 and 10:05 a.m., 
 12:10, 1:25, 3:15 (45 minute train), 3:30, 4:30. 4:40. 5:40, 6:40, 7, 
 8:25 and 11:30 p.m. Sunday, 6 :.30, 7:30, 8:30 and 10:05 a.m., 
 1:25, 1:30, 3:30, 4:40, 5:40, 6:40, 7, 8:25 and 11 p.m. For Annap- 
 olis, 6:40 a.m. and 12:10 and 4:30 p.m.; on Sunday, 8:30 a.m. 
 4:40 p.m. For way stations between Washington and Balti- 
 more, 5, 6:40, 8:30 a.m., 12:10, 3:30, 4:40, 7 and 11:30 p.m.; on 
 Sundays, 8:30, 11:30 a.m. and 3:;30, 4:40, 7 and 11 p.m. For 
 stations on Metropolitan Branch, 6:45 a.m. daily, except Sun- 
 day, and 5:31 p.m. daily: 4:40 p.m. daily, except Sunday, for 
 principal stations on Metropolitan Branch, 8:40 a.m. daily, 
 on Sunday stops at all stations; for Frederick, 8:40 a.m.. 4:40 
 p.m. daily, except Sunda.y. For Hagerstovvn, 10 a.m. and 
 5::31 p.m. daily, except Sunday. For local points between 
 Wasliinjrton and Gaithersburg 10:05 a.m. and 12:30, 11.21 p.m. 
 daily except Sunday, 
 
^ILLARD HOTEL, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 O. G. STAPLES, 
 
 Late of Thousand Island House, 
 
 Proprietor. 
 
 'pHE CONGRESSIONAL,- 
 
 200 N. J. AVE., S. E. CAPITOL HILL, 
 
 One square South, and facing Capitol Square, 
 Horse cars from all Railroad Depots pass in front of House. 
 
 '-THE EBBITT, 
 
 ^ WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 ARMY AND NAYY HEADQUARTERS. 
 
 FOUR IRON FIRE ESCAPES. 
 
 Terms, . . . . |3 and $4 pee Day. 
 
 'pHE ARLINGTON, 
 
 Vermont Ave. and H Street, N. W. 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 Facing Lafayette Square. 
 
NATIONAL HOTEL, 
 
 Opposite Baltimore and Potomac Depot, 
 
 Pennsylvania Avenue and Sixth Street, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 Largest Hotel in the City. Remodeled and renovated 
 with latest improvements. $3 to $4 per day. 
 
 F. TBNNMT & CO., Prop. 
 
 'pHE CLARENDON, 
 
 1401 New York Ave., Cor. 14th St. 
 
 Permanent and transient guests accommodated. 
 Cars to all parts of the City pass the door. 
 
 MRS. M. J. GOLLEY, Proprietress. 
 
 gT. JAMES HOTEL, 
 
 EUROPEAN PLAN. 
 
 OPPOSITE B. & P. DEPOT, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 JL.EVI WOOXHiURY, Proprietor. 
 
 yppE JIE3F^0P8IiI'P^N peTED, 
 
 SELDER & ROBBINS, Proprietors, 
 Pennsylyania Ave., bet. 6th and 7th Sts., N.W. 
 
 NEAR p. R. R. DEPOT. 
 
'pHE ST. MARC, 
 
 EUROPEAN PLAN, 
 
 Seventh Street and Pennsylvania Ave., N. W., 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. 0. 
 
 Joseph Fitzgerald, - - - Proprietor. 
 
 PJOWARD HOUSE, 
 
 Oor. Sixth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue. 
 
 TERMS, $2.50 PER DAY. 
 
 JOHN B. SCOTT, - - - Proprietor. 
 
 'pHE EMMET HOUSE, 
 
 K J. AVE., COR. OF C STREET, N. W. 
 Facing B. & O. R. R. Station. 
 
 JJ ARRIS HOUSE. 
 
 AMERICAN PLAN. 
 
 $2.50 and $3-00 Per Day. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA ATE., bet. 13th and 14tli Streets. 
 
 Special rates to parties and permanent guests. 
 
LA PIERRE HOUSE, 
 
 Corner 10th and E Sts., N. W., 
 
 First-Glass Accommodations for Families and 
 Transient Guests. Ladies' and Gents' Cafe attached. 
 
 RATES m:oi>era.te. 
 ch:am:bert^in>s 
 
 RESTAURANT, 
 
 For Ladies and Geutlemen. 
 823 and 826 Fifteenth St. 
 
 (Comprising the former residences of Fernando Wood, 
 Governor Thomas Swan and James G. Blaine.) 
 Mr. Chamberlain has fitted up the Swan Mansion especially 
 
 A LADIES' RESTAURANT, 
 
 the entrance to which is No. 8Ji3 Fifteenth street. The elegant 
 dining-room was formerly Governor Swan's celebrated picture 
 gallery. The most exquisite cuisine in Washington. 
 
 Arrangements can be made for receptions, dinners or 
 theatre parties. Applications can be made in person or by 
 letter. Wines, Liquors and Cordials by the bottle or case. 
 
 JOHN F. CHAMBBRLIN. 
 
 SOLARTS 
 
 1409 to 1413 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, 
 
 Kegular Dinner from 5 to 8- 
 
 On Sundays, 4 to 8. 
 
 75 cts. including a pint of good Claret. 
 
RESTAURANTS. 
 
 ^ELCKER'S. 
 
 723 to 727 FIFTEENTH STREET, N.W. 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 TJ^OKMLEY'S, 
 
 1500 H STREET, N. W., 
 
 COR. OF FIFTEENTH. 
 
 mVENNEl^'S P^TEN^i STE^JJ BHKEF^Y 
 
 (B. CHARLTON & CO.) 
 
 474 & 476 C STREET, N. W. 
 
 JJARVEY S, 
 
 Cor. op Pennsylvania Ave. and 11th St., N. W. 
 Specialty : Oysters and Game. 
 
" THi ilLKTQ W " tfOTlL 
 
 AND 
 
 Elegant Rooms; First-Class; opposite Pennsylvania 
 Railroad Depot. 
 
 FIRST CLASS MEALS FOR 25 CENTS. 
 
 Bell's International Dining & Lunch Booms, 
 
 'i4:9 Petifisylvania Ave,^ iV. W. 
 
 Board and Rooms, $1.00 and $1.50 per day. 
 
 K U B MmTa^^ ^ 
 
 Formerly Old Oyster Bay, 
 
 J2J6 Pennsylvania Ave., N. W. 
 
 SAMUEL ORRISON. - - - Proprietor. 
 
 OYSTERS A SPECIALTY. 
 
 Oysteis steamed, fried, stewed, escalloped from the famous 
 beds of Lynn Haven and tlie Coves of York River anddiesa- 
 peake Bay. Bine Points for plate. Game in season . 
 Lniielies and Meals at all hom-s. 
 
 ABNER'S 
 
 Music Hall and Restaurant, 
 
 E STREET, bet, 7th and 8th Sts. 
 
 Meals served ta'ule d'hote and a la carte. The handsome 
 dancing hall can be rented for balls, parties, etc.. at any time. 
 
 HERMAN EDEL. 
 
 Proprietor. 
 
■\^ASH. B. WILLIAMS. 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 FASHIONABLE FURNITURE, CARPETS, 
 
 AND UPHOLSTERY GOODS, 
 317 & 319 7th St., N. W. Telephone Call. 
 
 THE 
 
 GreatAmerican 
 
 GOOD NEWS 
 TO L ADIES. 
 
 Greatest otter. Now^^ou^ime 
 to get orders for our celebrated 
 Teiis, CoflTees and Baklnic 
 Powder, and secure a beautiful 
 Gold Band or Moss Rose China 
 
 Tea Set, Dinner Set, Gold Band 
 
 Moss Rose Toilet Set, Watch, Brass Lamp, Castor, or 
 Webster's Dictionary. Forjparticulars address 
 
 TH£ GREAT AMERICAN TEA CO., 
 P. O. Box 289. 31 and 33 Vesey St., New York. 
 
 ^UERBACH & BRO. 
 
 HATTERS AND FURNISHERS, 
 623 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, N. W. 
 
 NOVELTIES FOR GENTLEMEN. 
 
 QEORGE WATTS, 
 
 IMPORTER AND RETAILER OF 
 
 CHINA, CROCKERY AND GLASSWARE', 
 
 314 7th St., N. W., (near Pa. Ave.) 
 
BIHNEY & BIKNEY 
 
 ATTORNEYS AT LAW, 
 456 LOUISIANA AVE., N. W., 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C, 
 
 CAMPBELL CARKINGTON, 
 
 490 LOUISIANA AVE., N. W. 
 PBACTICE IN CRIMINAL COURT A SPECIALTY. 
 
 SAUL S. HENKLE, 
 
 460 LOUISIANA AVENUE. 
 
 JAMES L. NORRia 
 
 SOLICITOR OF PATENTS, 
 
 COR. OF F AND FIFTH STS., N. W. 
 
 WOODBURY WHEELER, 
 
 821 iyi STREET, N. W. 
 Praclices in the Courts of the I). C. and of Maryland, 
 
PANORAMA 
 
 Battle of Bull Run! 
 
 15th and "D" STS., N.W., 
 
 Two blocks south of Pennsylvania Avenue 
 and the Treasury. 
 
 The Most Realistic Battle Scene 
 ever painted. 
 
 OPEN FROM 9 A. M. TO 10 P. M. 
 
gAMUEL C. PALMER, 
 
 SODA WATER MANUFACTURER, 
 
 Agent for Wm Massey Brewing Company's Philadelphia Ale, 
 
 Porter, and Brown Stout, and Sehlitz Milwaukee 
 
 Lager Beer. 
 
 Depot, No. 1224 29tli Street, West Washin«ton. 
 
 —Telephone Cixll 4.54.— 
 
 Turf Exchange, 
 
 Cor. 6th Street and Pennsylvania Ave. 
 
 I.IVERY STABIiKS. 
 
 ^LLISON NAILOR 
 
 E STREET, Cor. of 14th, N. W. 
 WASHINGTON. D. C. 
 
 FIRST-CLASS IN EVERY RESPECT. 
 
 JOHN T. PRICE, 
 
 NATIONAL LIVERY & HACK STABLES, 
 811 SIXTH STREET, N W, 
 
 Good Teams and Careful Drivers always in readiness. 
 
 BOARDING HORSE.S, A SPECIALTY. 
 
THE LEADING NEWSPAPER OF THE 
 
 NATIONAL CAPITAL. 
 Established Thirty-Five Years. 
 
 "THE EVENING STAR," daily and weekly, at 
 
 11th St. and Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 THE DEMOCRATIC ORGAN. 
 
 "THE POST," 
 
 Published daily and Sunday mornings at corner of 
 
 10th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., 
 
 in the "Post Building." 
 
 JHE WASHINGTON BOOK MART, 
 
 No. 428 NINTH STREET, N. W. 
 Lewis S. Hayden, - - - Proprietor. 
 
 Deals in 
 
 RARE LITERARY, 
 
 SCIENTIFIC, HISTORICAL 
 
 And government PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 PAMPHLETS, 
 
 MAGAZINES, 
 
 And ENGRAVINGS. 
 
N W. BURCHELL, 
 
 1325 F t*TKEET, N. W. 
 DEALER IN CHOICEST GROCERIES, Ac. 
 
 lyilSS BALCH'S BUSINESS SCHOOL 
 
 FOR LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, 
 
 1200 "O" Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Pupils prepared for competitive Examination under 
 
 Civil Service Commission. 
 
 Book-keeping- a fpecialty. Call between 1 and 6 P. M. 
 
 E. G DAVIS, 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 BLACK DRESS GOODS, LACES, 
 
 EMBROIDERIES AND TRIMMINGS, 
 No. 719 Market Space, Washington, D. C. 
 
 JJ H. HEMPLER, 
 
 FIELD AND OUT-DOOR GLASSES, 
 
 No. 453 PENN AVE., N.W. 
 
JOHN F. ELLIS & CO., 
 
 i\f€>. 937 Pennsylvania Aveiine. I¥. IV., 
 
 NEAR TENTH STREET. 
 
 The Oldest and Largest Music House in the City 
 
 Season and glamlin (Organs. 
 
 New and Secoud-Haud Pianos and Or^aus for Sale or Rent. 
 
 Pianos and Org^ans Moved, Tuned. Repaired. Packed and 
 Shipped b3' Competent Men at ^Moderate Rates. 
 
 JOHN F. ELLIS&CO. 937 Pennsylvania Av, N.W. 
 
 TKLEPIIONK CALL 18. 
 
 HARDMAN 
 
 PIANOS. 
 TV. G, IVJetxei-ott & Oo., 
 
 903 PENNSYLVANIA AVE. 
 
 JOSIE N. FANT, 
 
 TYPEWRITER AND STENOGRAPHER, 
 Chauncet Building, 321 4^/^ Street, K W. 
 
 Perfect Work Guaranteed. Pupils Taught. 
 
JAMES THARP, 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 FINE OLD BOURBON AND RYE WHISKIESv 
 818 F STREET, N. W. 
 
 IMPORTED AND DOMESTIC CIGARS. 
 
 CHRIS. XANDER, 
 
 Importer and Wholesale Dealer in 
 
 WINES, BRANDIES, GINS, &c. 
 
 DELICACIES AND TABLE LUXURIES. 
 
 907 Seventh St., N. W. Telephone CalL 
 
 IJOBERT CALLAHAN, 
 
 MARBLE SALOON, 
 Cor. 9th & Pennsylvania Ave., N. W. 
 
 Annex at Raw ley's Springs, Va. 
 
 BILLIARD AND POOL ROOMS ATTACHED. 
 
 HAVE YOU TRIED THE **CRIP" 
 
 AT 
 
 GEO. W. DRIVER'S? 
 
 Try your "Grip" and smoke the " Grip " Oigau. 
 GEORGE W. DRIVER. 
 
 Wines, Liquors, Cigars, 
 
Alderney dairies Depot, 
 
 FRANK K. WAKD, Proprietor. 
 
 Residence, Office, Main Depot, Cheese Factory, Creamery, 
 and General City Headquarters. 
 
 Nos. 929 & 931 » STREET, N. W. 
 
 TELEPHONE COMMUNICATIONS WITH DAIRY FARM. 
 
 SALESROOMS: 
 «2a E Street, N. W., 4 1 4: Third Street, N. W. 
 
 537 FilteeatU St., N.W., 530 NiiUli Street, N. W. 
 
 and throughout the whole City of Washington, D. C. 
 Western Union wire in Office. 
 
 COTTA&E CHEESE and FRESH BUTTEEMILE MADE' 
 FEOM CREAM, A SPECIALTy. 
 
 Next to the Public Buildings, there is probably no place 
 more interesting to strangers than 
 
 JARVIS' 
 f 4tC)T0ai?ilfilflC EMfOilUM 
 
 This house was established in 1870, and is now the largest 
 place of its kind m the South, having business transactions 
 with all parts of the United States, as headquarters for 
 
 VIEWS OF WASHINGTON, 
 
 CELEB OF ALL PROMINENT PERSONS, 
 
 ALBU.MS OF WASHINGTON, 
 
 Imported Satin wood Goods. Guide Books, Stereoscopes' 
 
 Graphoscopes, Novelties and Souvenirs of 
 
 WASHINGTON in great vakiety. 
 
 £^~\Ve are always ple^ised to have visitors feel free to in- 
 spect the above-mentioned goods, which are arranged with 
 tlie view of making tliem feel that they are giving no trouble: 
 
C. C. BRYAN, 
 
 1413 NEW YORK AVENUE. 
 
 WINES, BRANDIES AND FINE GROCERIES.- 
 
 3KOWNING-&MIDDLETON 
 
 610 Pennsylvania Ave., N. W. 
 
 FINE WINES AND GROCERIES. 
 
 Manufacturers of Brownings Stomach Bitters. 
 
 KS'rABL.I8H]i:» 1850. 
 
 JAMES L. BARBOUR, ' 
 
 614 & 616 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, N. W^ 
 
 WHOLESALE DEALER IN 
 
 FINE WINES AND OLD LIQUORS. 
 
 S<.>le Agent for several best brands of FLOUR, |; 
 
 and sole proprietor of the celebrated 
 
 '1869" PURE RYE AND CHESTER BRAND OF 
 FINE WHISKIES. 
 
NATIONAL 
 
 Safe Deposit Company 
 
 16th St., Coi\. of New York Ave., N. W. 
 
 ppBN FROM 10 A. M. TO 5 P. M., Except Sundays. 
 
 Trunks of Silverware and Bonds 
 
 RECEIVED FOR SAFE KEEPING 
 
 AT MODERATE CHARGE. 
 
 BRODT, 
 
 I 
 
 419 ELEVENTH STREET, N. W. 
 
 Manufactures Hats of all kiuds, at short notice. 
 
 HATS BLOCKED AND IRONED WHILE YOU WAIT. 
 
LLOYD MOXLEY, 
 
 CITY BILL POSTER, COSTUMER, 
 CALCIUM LIGHT MANUFACTURER. 
 
 AND PROPRIETOR OF ATHLETIC PARK, 
 
 608 Tenth Street, N. W. Telephone Call. 
 
 OEOROE A. ISHEHAIV, 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 LUMBER IN ALL VARIETIES, 
 Office and Yard, 15th St., B and C Sts, N. W. 
 
 Branch Office and Yard, 7th St. wharf, 8. W. 
 
 gAKS & CO., 
 
 Clothiers, Tailors, Hatters and Furnishers, 
 7th STREET, cor. of C, N. W. 
 
 Facing Market Space. 
 Largest and Finest Stock south of New York. 
 
 J BRAD ADAMS, 
 
 Bookseller and Stationer, 
 
 814 F STREET, N. W. 
 Faciixg I^eiti©33.'b Offxc©- 
 
JOHN W. SHAW, 
 
 ELEVENTH ST., N. W., Cor. of B. 
 
 AND WHOLESALE DEALER IN- 
 PEED, HAY, CORN, OATS, AND LARD. 
 
 IJENKY F. REH, 
 
 For Streets, Halt.s, and Pkivate Residences, 
 
 FURNISHED ON SHORTEST NOTICE. 
 
 320 TWELFTH ST., N. W. 
 
 SAMUEL C. RAUB 
 
 manufacturer of 
 
 Soap, Neat's Foot Oil, Soft Soap, 
 
 AND DEALER IN 
 
 IMPOETED SOAPS. 
 B Street, bet. 13i & 14th Sts., N. W. 
 
 BOTTLES OF ALL KINDS 
 BOUGHT AND SOLD. 
 
PURE GOODS SOLD ONLY! 
 
 For over a Quarter of a 
 Century our Teas and 
 Coffees have been used 
 by the people of the 
 United States and how 
 satisfactoi'ily the many 
 milhon customers can 
 best testifj^. They have 
 so testified and Iceep in- 
 creasing daily by using 
 our goods, thus showing 
 tlie gi-eat faitli they have 
 in the quality of the 
 same, our manner of con- 
 ducting business, and in 
 the true commercial prin- 
 ciple, otily one X)rofit, 
 between the producer 
 and consumer. 
 
 The great and uniform 
 success of our Company 
 has stimulated unscrupu- 
 lous imitators to use our 
 name, wholly or in part. 
 our S3'stera. style and 
 man)ier of doing busi- 
 ness, (of which we are the originators and pioneers), and in 
 order to entrap the not Over Cautious We aslc all lovers of 
 Pure Teas, ('offees and Baking Powder to use more caution 
 and tiiink of the poisonous tiash that are being hawked all 
 over by tliese unscrupulous ti-ad<Ms. Buy from reputable 
 lu)uses"and don't be led astray by these in ushroom concerns 
 that advertise to give their wares away foi- nothing Take 
 advice in time. Use only Pure Goods, nioie especiallv for 
 articles of food. THIN KOF THE LITTLE ONES AT H( )3IE. 
 N. B.— We wish all purchasers to distinctly umlorstand that all goods 
 l>ou(;lU at any of our 200 stores, or from our wasons, me guaranteeii Strictly 
 Pint! and to give perfect satisfaction, or the price paid for them will be cheer- 
 fully refunded in every case. We ilon't wish parties who ileal with us to be 
 dissatisfied. The smallest child will receive the same prompt attention, the 
 s:ime quality of goods, and at the sirae price, as the mother or father. Con- 
 sequently you cin Fend your chili'.ren to any of our stores feeliu^ confldeni that 
 they will receive the same .strict attention as if you had gone in person. 
 
 The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company 
 
 The Lai-gest Importers and Distributx)rR in the World, 
 IIoad<iTiartev.«s, 3S &: 37' Vo«oy »!., N. Y. 
 
 "The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co's 
 celebrated Teas, Coffees and Baking 
 Powder, have been my solace through 
 life." Grandmotheb. 
 
If e\r and Popular Books sent free of postage at prices annexed 
 
 Tlie Popular Recitation Series.— Containing 64 
 pages (double column) of the choicest selections in prose and 
 poetry for individual speakers, with the novel and attractive ad- 
 dition of a complete Comedietta or Farce in each number. Nos. i , 
 2, 3, 4 and 5 ready. The brief plays given in this series are free 
 of any objectionable feature, require a moderate number of per- 
 formers, and are preceded by complete stage directions. They 
 can be performed in a parlor or on a small school stage. If pur- 
 chased separately, each play would exceed in cost the price 
 charged for the number of Popular Recitati ns contained in it. 
 No. 1 contains Play "Turn Him Out." — 8 characters. 
 No. 2 " " "Box and Cox."— 5 " 
 
 No 3 " " "Send me Five Shillings." 10" 
 
 No. 4 " " "To Oblige Benson." 6" 
 
 No. 5 " '* " That Rascal Pat." 5 " 
 
 Price, 10 cts. By mail 12 cts. 
 
 Infant Star Speaker.— A collection of choicest pieces for 
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 appearance at school receptions and exhibitions. Price ... 25 cts. 
 Excelsior Series of Recitations and Readings. 
 The great demand for new and suitable readings and recitations 
 has led to the compilation of these books. Each number will 
 contain about 176 pages, bound in a beautiful illustrated cover 
 printed in colors. Nos. i, 2, 3 and 4 now ready; contents sent 
 
 free on application. Price 25 cts each. 
 
 AVilford^s Original Dialogues and Recitations 
 for Young folks, — Being by far the most complete of its 
 kind ever issued; the author's name being a sufficient guarantee 
 
 for a large sale. 175 pages. Paper cover 25 cts. 
 
 Board cover, with cloth back 50 c.s. 
 
 Haney'* Exliibition Dialogues.— A large collection of 
 
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 freed of the extravagance which characterizes many school pieces. 
 Paper 25 cts. 
 
 HI arch's Dialogues and Speeches for Wee Tots, 
 
 comprising a variety of short speeches and dialogues suitable t<» 
 children from three to ten years old, and adapted to piiblic and 
 private exhibitions, school anniversaries, etc. Bound in boaic!, 
 
 cloth back 35 cts. Paper cover 25 ct^. 
 
 HoTir I became a Ventriloquist.— Describing the 
 
 methods by which the author has acquired the amusing art, and 
 also his diverting experience therewith. Price .10 cis. 
 
 Hew lork Chea^ Pnbli.sUin^ Co., 20 & 28 Vesey Street, N. Y. 
 
New and Popular Books sent free of postage at prices annexed 
 PRACTICAL TRADE MANUALS. 
 
 Painter's Manual.— A complete practical guide to house 
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 learner the book is simply indispensible 50 cts. 
 
 Sign Writing and. Glass Knibossing.— This stand- 
 ard work, so widely and favorably known, is now issued in new 
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 invaluable to every one interested in its line 75 cts. 
 
 How to Draw and Paint.— A complete Handbook on 
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 liUdolplie's Scrolls and Ornaments.— For Car, 
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 many prominent car shops, and for ornamental work generally. 
 Mr. J. H, Rudolphe gives the best ideas and his work herein 
 maintains the reputation his work in the shop gave him. It is 
 principally devoted tojftat ornamentation. The work is a favorite 
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 great variety of purposes $1.00 
 
 Album of Fancy Alphabets.— For Sign Painters. This 
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 and original designs of great beauty and utility. Sign Painters 
 who want the novelties of New York experts should get this work; 
 it will help you to keep customers and get new ones 75 cts. 
 
 Book of Alpliabets,— For Painters, Draughtsmen, De- 
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 etc sects. 
 
 Sign, Carriage and Decorative Painting — This 
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 Very complete. It includes Fresco and Car painting, and other 
 useful matter 50 cts. 
 
 New York Cheap Publishing Co., 26 & 28 Yesey Street, N. ¥. 
 
KeiT and Popular Books sent free of postage at prices annexed 
 CAME BOOKS. 
 
 The "Whist Primer.— Contains within its pages conclusions 
 of all the highest authorities in Whist, so arranged that anyone 
 can learn them in an hour or two, and thenceforward play as good 
 a game as any of the very highest experts. Paper cover. ..1-2 cts. 
 
 The Pinocle Primer.— Pinocle having become very popu- 
 lar within the last few years, a book on it was called for. The 
 gentleman who has prepared this little volume, the only authority 
 in existence, has been Secretary of the Harlem Pinocle Club for 
 many years, and his decisions have always been sustained by the 
 
 club and press. Price .12 cts. 
 
 The same in German. Paper 12 cts. 
 
 The Game of Hearts.— This is a new and very amusing 
 game having a great run. Some authority was needed upon the 
 subject, and we have induced one of the oldest players in the 
 country to prepare this for us. The game is eminently entertain- 
 ing, and full of unexpected situations. Paper cover 12 cts. 
 
 The Poller Primer. —This manual contains all the needed 
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 clear that they require no effort to understand, and the student of 
 the book may confidently trust himself to ifs guidance. Paper 
 cover 1 2 cts. 
 
 Progressive £uchre, and How to Play It.— A 
 complete manual on this fascinating and popular game, being also 
 a guide to various ways of playing Euchre. By J. B. Price, 12c. 
 
 The Skat Primer.— A complete manual on this very inter- 
 esting Gertnan game. Price 25 cts. 
 
 BURDETT'S RECITATIONS. 
 
 Burdett's Irish Dialect Recitations and Read- 
 ings. — This new edition of rare Irish sketches in prose and 
 verse, arranged for public representation, embraces the most 
 sparkling Irish wit, set forth with the irresitible humor of Irish 
 brogue. Besides the new and original pieces never before pub- 
 Ushed in book form, this volume brings together all of the most 
 popular Irish dialect readings and recitations of the time. It con- 
 tains the gleanings from the whole field of Irish drollery. No 
 other book of the kind equals it for brilliancy and fun. Price 25c. 
 
 Burdett's Dutch Dialect Recitations and 
 
 Readings. — This collection of amusingand laughable recita- 
 tions embraces all the newest and most successful pieces, original 
 and selected in prose and poetry, with which the celebrated 
 humorist, James S. Burdctt, invariably " brings down the house," 
 besides a host of other Dutch dialect selections in general use by 
 other leading public readers of the present day. i6mo., 160 pages 
 Price 25 cts. 
 
 New lork Cheap Pablishiu; Co., 26 A 28 Yesey Street, K. Y. 
 
NeTT and Popular Books sent free of postage at prices annexed 
 
 Burdett's New Comic Recitations and Humor- 
 ous Readings. — A new volume of comic and humorous se- 
 lections, compiled by the celebrated humorist, James S. Burdett, 
 many of which have never before been published in book form. 
 In addition to the new and original pieces here contained, this 
 book has the advantage of bringing- together into otie volume all 
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 attained a wide popularity through the public representations of 
 the most renowned humorists of the day. _ It is the newest, hand- 
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 Burdett's Irish Dialect Recitations and 
 Readings.— This new collection of Irish sketches in prose 
 and verse, arranged for public representation, embraces the most 
 sparkling Irish wit, set forth with the irresistible humor of Irish 
 brogue. Besides the new and original pieces never before pub- 
 lished in book form, this volume brings together all of the most 
 popular Irish dialect readings and recitations of the time. It 
 contains the gleanings from the whole field of Irish drollery. 
 No other book ^ot the kind equals it for brilliancy and fun. 
 Price 25 cts. 
 
 Burdett's "World of Humor.— This Novel compilation 
 is made to meet the wants of the many who are always searching 
 for the Latest and most popular gems of Humor, It comprises 
 all the best pieces in the different Dialects, as follows: Yankee, 
 Irish, French, Dutch and Nkgro, In addition to the many 
 new and original selections, this book has the advantage of bring- 
 ing together into one volume, all of the best pieces of a //^?<W(3r- 
 011s nature, which have hitherto obtained a wide popularity 
 through the public representation of the most renowned Humorist 
 of the present day, James S. Burdett. Containing 500 pages, 
 bound in cloth, with characteristic design in black and gold 
 stamps. Price $1.50. 
 
 Burdett's Patriotic Readings and Recitations. 
 A carefully compded collection of Patnutic Recitals, designed and 
 arranged lor Public or Parlor Reading. Bound in illustrated 
 paper cover. Price .... 25 cts. 
 
 Burdett's Negro Dialect Recitations and Hu- 
 morous Readings.— Containing the latest and best hils of 
 Modern Negro Muistrelsy, being by far the most perfect book of 
 its kind ever published. Bound in illuminated paper cover, 25 cts. 
 
 Burdett's FrencU and Yankee Dialect Recita« 
 tions and Readings.— This comprises the most amasing 
 illustrations of French, English and Yankee Dialect, selected from 
 all the best sources of the past and present, characteristic. Paper 
 cover. Price 25 cts. 
 
 I(ew York Cbeap Publishing Co., 26 <& 28 Yesey Street, N. T. 
 
New and Popular Books sent free of postage at prices annexed 
 Burdett's Dramatic Recitations and Readings. 
 
 Compiled and arranged for Reading, Speaking, Recitation, and 
 Elocutionary exercises . Bound in illustrated paper cover . . 25 cts. 
 
 Burdett's Sliakesperean Recitations and Read- 
 ings — Consisting of choice readings and scenes from Shakes- 
 peare, adapted to amateur and professional recital. Illustrated 
 paper cover. Price 25 cts. 
 
 Burdett's Serio-Comic Recitations and Read- 
 ings. — A miscellaneous collection of Burdett''s latest and most 
 successful pieces ill prose and poetry. 160 pages. Paper cover. 
 Price 25 cts. 
 
 Ritter's Mock Trials. — Containing fourteen original ex- 
 amples of humorous court scenes, adapted to performance by ama- 
 teurs or professionals. The only book of its kind ever published. 
 These Mock Trials are founded on actual occurences in the courts 
 of this country. Playwright's license has been taken where strict 
 compliance with the rigid rules of court procedure would be tedious 
 and dry. There are no mere extravaganzas in this book. Sharp 
 satire on American court methods and manners is the substance into 
 which is worked an amount and variety of fun and mock-heroic 
 humor (seldom overdrawn). Each trial differs from the others in 
 the prominence given to Judges, Attorneys or Witnesses, and the 
 characters are not reproduced. No similar book of any worth 
 whatever has been offered to the public, and we do not doubt 
 that the merits of these Mock trials will be speedily recognized. 
 We need hardly say that it may often be advantageous to vary 
 a trial from the form given in the book, by omitting or adding 
 matter, shortening parts, etc., etc. This, of course, must be left 
 entirely to the intelligence and invention of those who are "cast" 
 as performers, or o f some one qualified for that task. The amuse- 
 ment of the audience is often greatly increased by local allusions. 
 
 Containing 160 pages. Illustrated paper cover, 25 cts. 
 
 Bound in extra cloth, gilt. Price 50 cts. 
 
 Brudder Gardner's Stump Speeclies and Com- 
 ic Lectures. — Containing the best hits of the leading Negro 
 Delineators of the present day, comprising the most amusing and 
 side splitting contribution of oratorical effusions which has ever 
 been produced to the public. The newest and best book of negro 
 comicalities ever published. Bound in illuminated paper covers. 
 Price 25 cts. 
 
 Furniture and Cabinet Finisher.— A guide to 
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 soft woods, including the various imitations of costly woods, and a 
 multitude of trade recipes, and secrets of the trade 50 cts. 
 
 New Tork Cheap Publishing Co., 26 & 28 Vesey Street, N. T. 
 
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 DruMiiner's Yarns; or, Fun on the "Road." 
 '" Funniest book ever published.'" This is not a book 
 of stale, ancient humor, but a new and original col- 
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 able sells as told by our commmercial travelers. 
 This collection of humor is by one of the funniest 
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 various reasons not to publish his name. Price, 12 cts. 
 
 Anecdotes and Keminisoences of General U. S. 
 
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 Nornioiis ; AVise and \% itty, by Rev. Sam P. 
 
 Jones. — Contains full verbatim reports of his best sermons, 
 
 together with many Jonesian proverbs and parables. Price 10 cts, 
 
 Krotlier Jonatlian's Jokes, Fnnny Stories, 
 
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 Illustrated with humorous engravings, 96 8vo pp. Price, 12 cts. 
 Debate tlie Question.— If you don't know how, send for 
 the great book just published, adapted for literary and debating 
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 Modern Debates, Subjects for Debates, and Questions for Dis- 
 cussions. Tliis elegant volume contains 200 pages, l.)Ound )!i 
 
■f 7^^ 
 
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 Wilson's Ball Room Guide; 
 _ Self-Taught. This is the 
 best and latest work on dancing. By 
 studying its plainly written pages the 
 gentlemen not only easily learns the rudi- 
 mental positions and movements, but he 
 gauis that entire mastery of all the eti- 
 quette of fashionable dancing re-unions 
 that qualifies him t-o prompt and adroitly 
 lead his fair partner in all the advancings, 
 retirings, swingings, and balances; while 
 the lady learns from this book how 
 to gracefully yield to the slightest bint and 
 gentlest motion of her skilled partner. All 
 the modern dances are fully and clearly 
 explained in this book ; gives minute and 
 exquisite directions for getting up dancing 
 parties of all sizes, from the printing of the tickets to to the floor and 
 rnusic management; also containing 83 figures for the "German.''' 
 The music alone in this work if bought separately would cost $15 
 Thus making it the Bail-Room Guide of the present century" 
 
 Bound in illuminated paper covers. Price 50 cts' 
 
 Bound in boards, with cloth back. Price '. . ....'.'!! 75 cts" 
 
 How to be up in Business Topics Get Payne's 
 
 ' Business Letter Writer, and Book of Com- 
 mercial F - ns. Business usage requires 
 that e',--' -.-.^...nst tel' "^"vf<>' f ,01 
 
 must b 
 swer 1 
 There 
 bank I 
 
 ng a, 
 the ■ 
 fine). 
 comj 
 Choi' 
 
 Schr' 
 thi;'' 
 of 
 
 eign and Inland Bills of Exci, 
 Due Bills, Receiots, Bills of . 
 Foreign Money, Weights and l\k 
 Value of American Silver and (- 
 Nations. Contains 200 pages, p; 
 Pr" 
 
 ice. 
 
 New York Cheap P 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 014 365 858 2 ^