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C. E. TODD'S 
 
 SCARBROUGH GUIDE : 
 
 COMPRISING 
 
 i HISTORY OF THE TOWN, 
 
 AND ITS 
 
 BLIC BUILDINGS, 
 
 NOTICES OF THE VILLAGES, 
 
 AND 
 
 SEATS OF THE NOBILITY, 
 AND GENTRY; 
 
 EMBRACING 
 
 Descriptive accounts of paintings and antiquities, 
 
 8fc. 8fc. 
 
 " Scarbrough's fair town like Latin BAI^E seems ; 
 Her cliffs, her bay, her salutary streams, 
 Her gay resort of an illustrious throng, 
 Resemble BALE, famed in classic song." 
 
 Seventh Edition. 
 
 SCARBROUGH : 
 
 PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY CHRISTOPHER ROBERT TODD. 
 
 1841. 
 

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A 
 
 SKETCH 
 
 OF THE 
 
 HISTORY OF SCARBROUGH, 
 
 " Here earth and sea, 
 Mingling their charms majestically rude, 
 With pleasing wonder strike the pensive eye, 
 Of contemplation, and exalt the mind." 
 
 Foster. 
 
 Scarbrough is situated in the recess of a 
 beautiful bay, on the borders of the German 
 Ocean, in a position nearly central between 
 Flamborough-Head and Whitby. This part of 
 the coast, almost forty miles in extent, is bold, 
 varied, and rocky, with many points of con- 
 siderable elevation. The line is undulating, 
 indented with sandy bays formed by the action 
 of the sea, where the land is of loose texture. 
 
 B 
 
4 S GARB ROUGH". 
 
 The town rises from the shore in the form of 
 an amphitheatre, and has a romantic appear- 
 ance on the concave slope of its semicircular 
 bay.. It is laved at the foot by the waves, and 
 much admired for its varied beauties. 
 
 There is no authentic account in histe r 
 the foundation of Scarb rough, though it 1 iay 
 reasonably be presumed that it had as early an 
 origin as most of the places bordering on tl e 
 German Ocean; and notwithstanding the or *.- 
 sion of its name in Doomsday-book, we have 
 historical proof of its exi stance previously to 
 the Norman Conquest. The building of the 
 Castle by William, Earl of Albermarle, in the 
 year 1136, is the first evidence of its emerg 
 from its previous state of obscurity. The grant 
 of a Charter of Incorporation of Henry II., in 
 the year 1 181, is a convincing proof that it must 
 then have been a place of some importance. 
 
 The following account of the ancient town 
 of Scarbrough, is extracted from the Itinerary 
 of Leland ; — 
 
SCARBROUGH. 5 
 
 * f Scardeburg Toune though it be privilegid, 
 yet it semith to be yn Pickering Lithe, for the 
 Castelle of Scardeburgh is countid of the juris- 
 diction of Pickering, and the shore from Scarde- 
 burgh to the very point of Philaw-B ridge * by 
 the Se about vj miles from Scardeburgh toward 
 I Jington is of Pickering Lith jurisdiction. 
 ScWdeburgh where it is not defendid by the 
 Warth and the Se is waulled a little with ston, 
 but most with ditches and walls of yerth. In 
 the 1 toune to entre by land be but two gates : 
 Newburgh Gate, meatley good, and Aldeburgh 
 ^ate, very base. The Toune, stondith holef on 
 a slaty clife ; and shoith very fair to the Se side. 
 Ther is but one Paroche Chirchi in the Town, 
 of our Lady, joyning almost to the Castelle : it 
 is very faire and isled on the sides and cross 
 isled, and hath 3 auncient Towres for belles 
 with Py ram ides on them : whereof 2 To u res be 
 at the west end of the Chirch, and one in the 
 middle of the cross isle. There is a great chap- 
 pelle by side by the Newborow Gate." 
 
 * Filey-Bridge. f Wholly. J St. Mary's 
 
6 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 The town of Scarb rough was anciently con- 
 fined within narrow limits. Some of the founda- 
 tions of its ancient walls are yet remaining, and 
 may be traced with sufficient accuracy ; from 
 which it is evident, that the Old Town did not 
 extend westward beyond the situation of the 
 present Market-cross. 
 
THE CASTLE. 
 
 " Thou hast seen Mount Atlas : 
 Whilst storms and tempests thunder on its brow, 
 And oceans break their billows at its feet, 
 It stands unmov'd and glories in its height." 
 
 This Castle was built in the reign of King 
 Stephen, about the year 1136, by William le 
 Gros, Earl of Albermarle and Holderness, a 
 nobleman of Norman extraction, who, having 
 
8 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 extensive demesnes in this part of Yorkshire 
 
 and in Holderness, obtained permission of the 
 King to erect a fortress upon the sea-coast. 
 
 Ancient historians have been liberal in their 
 praises of this Castle. William of Newbury, a 
 Monkish historian, who wrote about A. D. 1 190, 
 has given the following description of it : — 
 
 "A rock of wonderful height and bignesse, 
 and inaccessible by reason of steepe cragges al- 
 most on every side, stands into the sea, which 
 quite surrounds it, but in one place, where a 
 narrow slip of land gives access to it on the 
 west. It has on the top, a pleasant plain, grassy 
 and spacious, of about sixty acres or upwards* 
 
 * The present area of the Ca;tle-yanl 
 19 acres 5 perches. There is, therefore, probably some 
 mistake in Newburgh's description. The ancient accounts 
 of acres are generally very imperfect. 
 
 Young and Bird, in their u Geological Survey o( the 
 Yorkshire Coast," are also of opinion that there is a mi>take 
 in Newburgh's account, and that this lofty promontory 
 " has not undergone any material change during the last 
 six centuries." 
 
SCARB-ROUGm 9 
 
 and a little well of fresh water springing from a 
 rock in it. In the very entry, which puts one 
 to some pains to get up, stands a stately tower ; 
 and beneath the entry, the city begins, spread- 
 ing its two sides south and north, and carrying 
 its front westward, where it is fortified with a 
 wall : but on the east is fenced by that rock,, 
 where the Castle stands ; and, lastly, on both 
 sides by the sea. William, surnamed le Gros, 
 Karl of Albermarle and Holderness, observing 
 this place to be fitly situated for building a 
 Castle on r increased the natural strength of it 
 by a very costly work, having inclosed all the 
 plain upon the rock with a wall, and built a 
 Tower in the entrance. But this being decayed 
 and fallen by the weight of too much age, King 
 Henry II. commanded a great and brave Castle 
 to be built upon the same spot. For he had 
 now reduced the Nobility of England, who 
 during the loose reign of King Stephen had 
 impared the revenues of the crown ; but especi- 
 ally this William of Albermarle, who lorded it 
 over all these parts, and kept this place as his 
 own." 
 
10 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 The promontory on which the ruins of the 
 ancient Castle are situated, is bounded on three 
 sides by the German ocean, and elevated more 
 than three hundred feet above the level of the 
 sea, presenting to the north, the east, and the 
 south, a vast sweep of craggy perpendicular 
 rocks, totaly inaccessible.* 
 
 Within the castle walls rises a stately tower, 
 majestic even in ruin. This tower which has 
 been the Keep, is a square Norman building, 
 ninety feet high, and has formerly had an em- 
 battled parapet. The walls are about twelve feet 
 
 * The following extract of a letter to the compiler, will 
 show in what estimation this modem Baice is held by 
 strangers : "Scarborough is exactly suited to one who loves 
 to look back into the splendour of former times, and who 
 enjoys the sports of nature; there is a fine field in the 
 romantic cliffs of that much frequented bathing-place. I 
 never enjoyed myself so much as when rambling amongst 
 the dangerous paths on the hill next to the sea, whereon is 
 situated the Castle (by-the-by this reminds me, that if you 
 could procure for me a half-crown of Charles I., struck at 
 Scarborough, I should be glad to have it)." 
 
SCARBROUGH, 11 
 
 thick, cased with squared stones ; and the mortar 
 having been mixed, according to the custom of 
 the ancients, in a fluid state, has become more 
 durable than even the stone of the building. 
 There appears to have been three stories or very- 
 lofty rooms, one over another, each room between 
 twenty or thirty feet high, and ten yards square 
 within the walls, with recesses. The remains of 
 n very large fire-place are visible in the lower 
 apartment The subterraneous room, ordungeon 
 is nearly filled up with stones and earth. The 
 different stories have been vaulted, and divided 
 by strong arches; and private passages are visible 
 in some of the intervals of the casing of the walls. 
 The windows have semicircular arches, support- 
 ed by round pillars, and are larger than usual 
 in such buildings, being six feet deep and three 
 feet broad. 
 
 In the reign of Edward II., the Castle was 
 taken by the barons. The King, who was with 
 bis favourite Gaveston, at Newcastle, when he 
 heard the discontented nobles were on their 
 
}2 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 march against him, lodged him here, as in an 
 assured place of safety, while he proceeded him- 
 self to raise a force at Warwick. It proved 
 insufficient, however, to protect the royal minion 
 from the irritated nohles, whom they soon after- 
 ward beheaded on Gavesley-heath. 
 
 In the reign of Queen Mary, "Sir. Thomas 
 Stafford, son of Lord Stafford, obtained pos- 
 session of Searbrough Castle by the following 
 stratagem - 
 
 Having previously arranged his plan of tak- 
 ing the Castle by surprise, he disguised bis troop 
 an the habit of peasants and countrymen., and 
 came to Searbrough on a market-day, under the 
 most unsuspicious appearances, lie gained an 
 easy admittance into the Castle, and strolled 
 about with a careless air, apparently to gratify 
 •his curiosity. About 30 of his men also entered 
 without the least suspicion, and embracil 
 favourable opportunity, instantly secured the 
 different centinels, took possession of the gate, 
 and admitted their remaining companions, who, 
 under the exterior garb of countrymen, had con- 
 
SCARBKOUGHV IS 
 
 erealed arms. But the triumph of Mr. Stafford 
 was of transient duration, and the success of his 
 enterprize was eventually the cause of his death. 
 He had retained the possession only three days, 
 when the Earl of Westmoreland, with a consid- 
 erable force recovered it without loss. — Mr. 
 Stafford, Capt. Saunders, and three others of 
 the leaders, were taken prisoners, conducted to 
 London, and confined in the Tower. They were 
 afterward arraigned, condemned, and executed. 
 The phrase, "A Scarbrough ivaming; a word 
 and a blow, but the blow first]' derives its origin: 
 from this circumstance. 
 
 During the civil wars, it was twice taken by 
 the parliamentary forces; in 1645, by Sir John 
 Meld rum and Sir Matthew Boynton ; and in 
 1648, by Colonel Belhell. 
 
 In 1666, it appears that Scarborough Castle 
 was fully garrisoned, when Sir John Crossland 
 was governor, and that many prisoners of state 
 were about that time confined within its walls. 
 Among these was George Fox, the celebarated 
 quaker. 
 
14 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 The devastations of time, and the above two 
 formidable sieges, had reduced the Castle to 
 little better than a mass of ruins, in which con- 
 dition it continued till the rebellion of 1745, 
 when government gave it a temporary repair, 
 with the view of preventing a surprise. 
 
 In turning from the mouldering remains of 
 antiquity, the eye is relieved, and the mind ex- 
 hilarated by the charms of the surrounding pro- 
 spect. The diversified scenes of the adjacent 
 country; the romantic appearance of the town ; 
 the sands enlivened by various objects, and the 
 unbounded view of the ocean, form collectively 
 an assemblage beautiful beyond conception. 
 
 " What does not fade ? The tower that long hath stood 
 The crush of thunder and the warring winds, 
 Shook by the slow but sure destroyer Time, 
 Now hangs in doubtful ruins o'er its base ; 
 And flinty pyramids, and wall of brass 
 
 Descend the Babylonian spires are sunk ; 
 
 Achaia, Rome, and Egypt moulder down.— 
 
 Time shakes the sable tyranny of thrones, 
 
 And tottering empires crush by their own weight : 
 
SCARBROUGH. 15 
 
 This huge rotundity we tread, grows old ; 
 And all those worlds that roll around the sun ; , 
 The sun itself shall die ; and ancient night 
 Again involve the desolate abvss." 
 
 The following observations were made by ai 
 Geologist, while viewing the scenery from the 
 Castle-yard- 
 
 Few situations on the eastern shores of Eng- 
 land enjoy so fine a prospect of grand and 
 beautiful nature as Scarbrough. From the Cas- 
 tle hill, which stands lofty and alone, a variety 
 of noble objects present themselves on every 
 side; high and shadowy moorelands on the 
 north, bold hills with abrupt faces to the west, 
 and rocky cliffs stretching southward as far as 
 the eye can reach, all combine in one grand 
 panorama. Perhaps the most striking feature 
 is the range of chalk hills which sweep round 
 from Wilton Beacon, skirt the south side of the 
 vale of Pickering to the sea near Speeton, and 
 running thence to Flamborough, majestically 
 breast the tempestuous ocean. 
 
 Scarbrough presents to those fond of sketch- 
 
16 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 ing, an imposing object in its Castle, which is- 
 worthy of the exercise of the pencil of the disci- 
 ple of a Wouvermanns or a Murant. 
 
 CONVENTS, CHURCHES, CHAPELS, 6cc. 
 
 There were formerly here four Convents, 
 four Churches, and two hospitals ; viz.. Convent 
 of the Cistercians, of the Franciscan or Grey 
 Friars, of the Dominican or Black Friars, and of 
 the Carmelite or white Friars. The Church of 
 St. Nicholas, St. Thomas the Martyr, with the 
 two Hospitals, their appendages, of the same 
 name, and the Churches of the Holy Sepulchre,, 
 and St. Mary.* 
 
 * The ancient view of the town of Scarbrough, in the 
 reign of Richard III., from a drawing in the British MusueHt 
 lately published, shows the situation of these Convents. 
 
Tl 
 
 ii 
 
 THE CHURCH OF ST. MARY. 
 
 The gazing seamen here entranced stands. 
 
 Whilst fair unfolding from her concave slope, 
 
 He Scarbrough views. The sandy pediment. 
 
 First gently raised above the watery plain, 
 
 Embraces wide the waves ; the lower domes 
 
 Next lift their heads ; then swiftly roof o'er roof„ 
 
 With many a weary step, the streets arise 
 
 Testudinous, till half o'ercome the cliff, 
 
 A swelling fabric dear to heaven aspires, 
 
 Majestic even in ruin. 
 
 Foster. 
 
18 SCARBORUGH. 
 
 The ancient church of St. Mary is most pictures- 
 quely situated upon a considerable eminence, 
 near to tlie Castle, but does not display any marks 
 of fine or elaborate -architecture ; however, its 
 grey and irregular appearance, its supposed for- 
 mer use as the church of the monastery, the 
 tower-like ruins at its eastern-end, in conjunction 
 with its elevated situation, the church-yard 
 crowded with tombs, and the view of the sea 
 and the sands obtained thencQ, all conspire to 
 Tender it one of the most interesting situations. 
 
 The following description of this ancient 
 -edifice is extracted from Hinderwells History — 
 
 " This sacred building, venerable for its 
 ^antiquity, has much the appearance of a con- 
 ventual Church, and was formerly a very 
 spacious and magnificent edifice, considerably 
 surpassing its present extent. The ruins, yet 
 standing, at the eastern part of the church-yard, 
 the dismembered appearance of the western end 
 of the Church, the subterraneous arches extend- 
 ing to the west, and the great quantity of 
 
SCARBROUGH. 19 
 
 Foundation stones discovered in the new burial 
 ground contiguous to it, are sufficient proofs 
 that it is, in the present state, only a small part 
 of a vast edifice, which may have formed the 
 Cistercian Abbey and the Church, founded by 
 Edward II., and surpressed in the reign of 
 Henry V* 
 
 It appears by Leland's 'Itinerary? that previ- 
 ously to the Reformation, it was a very noble 
 building, adorned with three handsome towers \ 
 two of which were at the western end, and one 
 was over the centre of the transept. There was 
 also a grand arch of gothic architecture in the 
 Choir, the ruins of which were visible a few years 
 ago, but have since been taken down. The 
 centre, or transept tower, having been greatly 
 shaken during the siege of the Castle in 1644, 
 fell in October, 1659, and considerably injured 
 a great part of the nave of the Church. The pre- 
 sent steeple, which now singularly stands at the 
 eastern end, was erected upon the ruins, and 
 occupies the place of the ancient transept tower, 
 The southern part of the building attached to 
 
20 SCARBROUGH* 
 
 the nave seems to have, in some degree, escaped 
 the injury sustained by the other parts ; as some 
 of the remains of the chantries are still visible 
 under the arches adjoining the south aisle. 
 These arches are three in number, and have 
 formed the separate chantries, which where 
 founded by our ancestors, as places of prayer 
 for the souls of the deceased. 
 
 During the siege of Scarbrough Castle, by 
 Sir John Meldrum, a lodgment was made by his 
 troops in this then extensive church. Its lofty 
 towers, within a very small distance from the 
 castle-gate, enabled them greatly to annoy the 
 defenders : they drew several pieces of artillery 
 into the church by night, formed a masqued 
 battery, and at length opened their fire upon 
 the castle, through the church windows ; those 
 especially, which were on the east side and 
 choir. The besieged returned their fire in so 
 hot and well-directed a manner, as soon obliged 
 the enemy to abandon their post, but the build- 
 ing suffered much injury. 
 
SCARBROUGH. 21 
 
 The desolation which this venerable edifice 
 sustained, during the siege of the Castle, and by 
 the subsequent fall of the transept tower, re- 
 duced it to a state of ruin ; and the inhabitants 
 had suffered such a variety of misfortunes by a 
 succession of calamitous events, that they were 
 under the necessity of having recourse to a 
 Brief, in the 12th Charles II. (1660) to enable 
 'them to re-build it, 
 
 By the assistance of this Brief, and other 
 contributions, part of the body of St. Mary's 
 Church, and the tower, as it now stands, were 
 rebuilt in 1669, on the foundation and ruins of 
 the old fabric. 
 
 Public worship is performed here twice on 
 the Sunday, commencing in the morning at 
 half-past ten, and in the afternoon at a quarter 
 past three. Two sermons are delivered on the 
 Sunday, and one on Wednesday, There are 
 prayers on Tuesday and Friday mornings at a 
 quarter-past eleven. Divine service is also per- 
 formed on every Saints day, every day in 
 
22 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 Passion week, and every state holiday. The 
 
 communion is administered monthly. By an 
 
 early attendance, seats may easily be obtained 
 
 on application to the pew-door openers. 
 
 Vicar.— The Rev. M. H. Miller, M. A. 
 
 r . f The Rev. J. Blair, B. A. 
 states.. | The Rev R p Wallei% B A 
 
 CHRIST CHURCH 
 
 Was erected by subscription of the Corporation, 
 Inhabitants, and others, aided by a liberal sum 
 from the Parliamentary Grant. The amount 
 subscribed at Scarbrough was nearly £3000. 
 
 The first stone of this sacred edifice was laid 
 the 26th of October, 1826, by the then Vicar, the 
 Rev. John Kirk, M. A. ; and the ceremony of 
 consecration took place on the 23rd of August, 
 1828. The style of architecture is early English. 
 
 The interior dimensions of the church are 88 
 feet long, and 50 feet wide in the square ; the 
 height of the nave or centre ceiling, is 40 feet ,; 
 
8CARBROUGH. 23 
 
 the tower is 16 feet square within, and the total 
 height from the ground to the top of the pin- 
 nacles, is 11G feet. — The accommodation is cal- 
 culated for 1200 persons ; one half in pews and 
 the remainder in free seats, including an upper 
 gallery at the west end for Charity Children. 
 The east window, partly of stained glass, con- 
 sists of five narrow lancets, having the King's 
 arms in the centre, surrounded by those of the 
 Archbishop of York, and Sir J. V. B. Johnstone, 
 Bart, with the arms of the Borough of Scarbro'. 
 
 Sir J. V. B. Johnstone very liberally gave 
 the stone for the erection of the Church, from a 
 quarry near Hackness. 
 
 The Rev. Robert Howard, M. A., is the 
 present Incumbent. 
 
 Divine service is performed here twice on a 
 Sunday, morning and evening ; the former- com- 
 mencing at a quarter before eleven, and the 
 latter at seven. And on Friday Evening at 
 Seven. 
 
24 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 THE INDEPENDENT CHAPEL; OR, OLD 
 MEETING-HOUSE 
 
 was first erected in the year 1703, whereof the 
 Rev, William Hannay became minister, and 
 continued until the year 1725. He was suc- 
 ceeded by the Rev. William Whitaker, who re* 
 gulaiiy officiated until the year 1773, when, 
 through age and infirmities, he was under the 
 necessity of declining the ministry. At that 
 period, the Rev. Samuel Bottomley was invited 
 to succeed him, the congregation then consisting 
 of about thirty stated hearers, and the commu- 
 nicants of about half that number. The novelty, 
 zeal, or ability of the preacher, greatly increased 
 the congregation ; so that, in the year 1774, it 
 was found necessary to rebuild and enlarge the 
 place of worship, since which period a farther 
 extension has taken place in the chapel. The 
 venerable Pastor* last mentioned finished his 
 career of mortality with great composure, at the 
 age of eighty years, February the 13th, 1831 ; 
 
 * Vide Cole's Biographical Account of the Rev. Samuel 
 Bpttomley, 
 
SCARBROUGH. 25 
 
 and has been succeeded by the Rev. G. B. Kidd, 
 his assistant in the ministry, for three years 
 previously. 
 
 Public worship is performed as follows : on 
 Sunday morning at half-past ten, sermon ; at 
 half-past two in the afternoon, sermon ; and at 
 seven o'clock in the evening, sermon. On 
 Thursday, at seven in the evening, sermon. The 
 communion is administered once in two months. 
 
 BAPTISTS' CHAPEL. 
 
 A Chapel for the Baptists was first built 
 here in the year 1776, and the Rev. William 
 Hague was the first minister, and may indeed 
 be called the founder of the Baptists in Scar- 
 brough, as there were none of that denomination 
 in this place previous to his first ministry, 
 which was in the year 1776, in a room near the 
 sands. Mr. Hague died October 22nd, 1831, in 
 his ninety-fifth year, after having been forty- 
 eight years pastor, 
 
 A new Chapel for the Baptists has been lately 
 
26 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 erected on the site of the old building, but 
 on a larger scale, the former having been found 
 too small for the congregation ; particularly 
 in the summer season. The foundation stone 
 of the present edifice was laid by the Rev. W. 
 Steadman, D. D., Theological Tutor of Bradford 
 College, November 4th, 1826, and it was first 
 opened for religious services, August 10th, 1827< 
 The dimensions are 64 feet by 53. It will com- 
 fortably seat upwards of nine hundred persons. 
 The Rev. B. Evans is the present minister. 
 The religious services are as follow : On Sun- 
 day, seven o'clock morning prayers; hall 
 ten forenoon, sermon ; three o'clock afternoon, 
 prayers; half-past six evening, sermon. Mon- 
 day, seven o'clock evening, prayers. Wednes- 
 day, seven o'clock in the evening, sermon. 
 Friday, seven o'clock in the evening, pra; 
 The communion is administered monthly. 
 
 WESLEYAN METHODIST CHAPEL. 
 
 The Wesleyan Methodists have a very large 
 Chapel in Church-Street. The Methodists first 
 assembled at Scarbrough, in the year A&7 
 
SCARBROUGH. 27 
 
 Their times of meeting are as follow : Sunday, 
 seven o'clock morning, prayers ; half-past ten 
 forenoon, sermon ; three afternoon, sermon ; six 
 o'clock evening, sermon. Monday, seven o'clock 
 evening, sermon, Wednesday, seven o'clock 
 evening, prayers. Thursday, seven o'clock 
 evening, sermon. Friday, seven o'clock even- 
 ing, prayers. 
 
 THE FRIENDS , CHAPEL. 
 
 is situated in St. Sepulchre-Street. The Quakers 
 date their establishment here from the time of 
 the imprisonment of George Fox, their founder, 
 in Scarbrough Castle. Their times of meeting 
 are as follow : Sunday, ten o'clock in the fore- 
 noon ; and six o'clock in the evening. Wednes- 
 day, ten in the forenoon. 
 
 THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHAPEL 
 
 is situated in Awborough street ; it was erected 
 in the year 1809, and opened for public wor- 
 ship in the same year, by the Rev. William 
 Coghlan, it will contain four hundred persons. 
 The meetings for devotional exercise, are, Sun- 
 
 E 
 
28 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 day -morning, Mass at half-past ten; Vespers 
 at six. Wednesday and Friday, half-past eight 
 morning. The present minister is the Rev. John 
 Walker. 
 
 THE PRIMITIVE METHODISTS' CHAPEL 
 
 stands in St. Sepulchre street, was first opened 
 for religious services, on the 2oth November, 
 1821, and rebuilt and enlarged in the year 1839. 
 Their services are as follow : Sunday, seven 
 o'clock morning, prayers; half-past ten fore- 
 noon, sermon ; two o'clock afternoon, sermon ; 
 six o'clock evening, sermon. Monday, seven 
 o'clock evening, prayers. Wednesday, seven 
 o'clock evening, prayers. Friday, seven o'clock 
 evening, sermon. 
 
 THE TABERNACLE 
 
 was erected in the year 1838 ; it is situate in 
 Batty Place, Dumple street. The times of 
 meeting are as follow : Sunday, seven o'clock, 
 prayers; half-past ten, sermon; half-past two, 
 afternoon, sermon ; six, evening, sermon. Wed- 
 
 i 
 
SCARBROUGH. 29 
 
 nesday, seven evening, sermon. Monday and 
 Friday, seven evening, prayers, 
 
 THE BETHEL, 
 
 principally for seamen, is at the Old Town-Hall. 
 Their times of meeting are as follow : Tuesday, 
 seven o'clock in the evening, sermon. Saturday, 
 seven o'clock in the evening, prayers. 
 
 Few towns in the kingdom are better pro- 
 vided than Scarbrough, with room in the places 
 of worship. It has been calculated that in the 
 very best disposition of the inhabitants of any 
 locality, not more than half of the whole popu- 
 lation can usually be present at public worship, 
 at one time; the numbers of the infirm and 
 sick, and of young children, with the nearly 
 equal numbers of persons detained from worship 
 by attendance on these classes, being so great 
 as to constitute a very large majority of the 
 remainder. The population of the whole parish 
 of Scarbrough, (including Falsgrave, and a 
 rural district,) as stated in the census of 1831, 
 
30 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 was 8760. It is now, doubtless, more than 9000. 
 Whereas there is sitting room in the different 
 places of worship in the town, for 7,270; or 
 2,770 more than the half, The list of these is 
 as follows: — 
 
 St. Mary's Church 1500 
 
 Christ Church 1200 
 
 Wesleyan Chapel 1100 
 
 Ebenezer {or Baptist) Chapel ». 950 
 
 Old Meeting, House or Independent 
 
 Chapel 600 
 
 Tabernacle, Batty Place 600 
 
 Friends' Meeting House. 500 
 
 Primitive Methodist Chapel 600 
 
 Roman Catholic Chapel • 400 
 
 7,450 
 
 The zeal of the inhabitants, however, is not 
 yet expended ; and projects have for some time 
 been before the public for adding to the existing 
 provision, near 1,600 sittings, in the following 
 manner. 
 
SCARBROUGH. 31 
 
 An Episcopalian Chapel in East- 
 Sand-Gate 600 or 700 
 
 A Wesleyan Chapel in Queen St,, 
 
 larger than the present by .... 800 or 900 
 
 1400 to 1600 
 
 When these intentions shall have been ex- 
 ecuted, (which are intended to be, in the present 
 summer, viz. 1840,) the sittings for adults in the 
 places of worship will exceed the whole num- 
 ber of inhabitants, infants included. This 
 statement may show how ample is the provision 
 for the accommodation of visiters. 
 
 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 The establishment of Charitable Institutions 
 have been laudably encouraged ; and it is hoped, 
 that such as are calculated for the improvement 
 of the morals of the rising generation will ever 
 flourish. 
 
32 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 THE AMICABLE SOCIETY, 
 
 consisting of more than 325 Members, for 
 clothing and educating the children of the Poor 
 of Scarborough, is a very useful institution. It 
 was founded in the year 1729, by the late 
 Robert North, Esq., a gentleman of exemplary 
 piety and benevolence, and is under the govern- 
 ment of a President, four Trustees, and four 
 Wardens, annually elected. The fund for its 
 annual support arises from weekly subscriptions 
 of the Members, collections made in the 
 churches,* and other voluntary donations. 
 
 The children thus clothed, and now in the 
 schools, are seventy-six. 
 
 Experience has proved the utility of this 
 establishment, in preserving the children from 
 the contagion of vicious examples, and leading 
 them into the paths of holiness and social duty. 
 Instead of becoming victims of profligacy, and 
 
 * Charity Sermons are preached in the summer, for the 
 benefit of the Children. 
 
SCARBROUGH. 33 
 
 pests to the community, many of them have 
 filled useful occupations in life with credit and 
 advantage. Several, by means of the rudiments 
 of their education at this seminary, have attained 
 a competent knowledge of Navigation, which 
 has qualified them for mates and commanders 
 of vessels. These have, eventually, become the 
 patrons of the institution, and benefactors to 
 succeeding generations. Others have fought the 
 naval battles of their country, and by their 
 bravery, contributed to its security and inde- 
 pendence. Whether, therefore, it be considered 
 in a moral or in a political light, it deserves a 
 generous patronage. 
 
 LANCASTERIAN SCHOOLS. 
 
 This institution has been promoted by a vol- 
 untary subscription of the inhabitants ; and in 
 a field to the north of the rope-walk leading to 
 the church, a school room has been built, in 
 1810, which will contain upwards of four hun- 
 dred children. It is under the direction of a 
 committee, annually elected, who are assiduous- 
 ly attentive to the advancement of the institu- 
 
34 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 tion. The present number of children in these 
 schools is three hundred. 
 
 INFANT SCHOOL. 
 
 One of these important institutions, was for- 
 med in Scarbrough, about 1827, under a com- 
 mittee of management of ladies and gentlemen. 
 The school is situated in St. Sepulchre street. 
 The present number of children is one hundred 
 and forty. 
 
 NATIONAL SCHOOLS. 
 
 The Girl's School was erected in the year 
 1835, and the Boy's School in the year 1837. 
 The latter has been endowed with £300 by the 
 Right Honourable Lord Feversham ; and the 
 interest thereof is applied in aid of the Masters 
 Salary. They are situate near the Amicable 
 Society's Schools, and the present number of 
 children educated in these schools is about 170. 
 
 THE SEAMEN'S HOSPITAL 
 was erected in the year 1752, by the Ship- 
 
SCARBROUGH. 35 
 
 Owners of Scarbrough, for the use of aged and 
 decayed seamen, their widows, and children. 
 It is a neat, commodious building, in an airy 
 situation, to the north of the town. The fund 
 for its maintenance, arises from the contribution 
 of six-pence per month, paid by the owner of 
 every ship belonging to the port of Scarbrough, 
 for each person on board, during the time the 
 Ship is at sea, or in actual service. It is under 
 the direction of a President and Trustees, an- 
 nually elected, and is subordinate to the Trinity- 
 House, Deptford-Strond. 
 
 SEA-BATHING INFIRMARY. 
 
 To the establishment of a general Sea-bathing 
 Infirmary at Margate in 1796, for the use of the 
 diseased poor, we may refer the institution of a 
 similarly praiseworthy institution at Scarbro' 
 in the year 1811. 
 
 The Baths have been established in the low- 
 er part of the town in order both to remove un- 
 pleasing objects from the public eye, and to 
 
36 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 consult economy as well in the purchase of the 
 site, as in the procuring of water from the sea. 
 The advantages which have already accrued 
 to the institution, fully justify the anticipations 
 of its most sanguine supporters, and place it on 
 a level with the most useful of public charities. 
 
 Subscriptions are received at the Bank of 
 Messrs. Woodall & Co., Scarbrough, or by their 
 Correspondents (Messrs. Denison, and Co.,) in 
 London, and in the principal towns in the 
 County. 
 
 N.B. — Subscription-Books are left at the 
 Public Rooms ; and it is hoped, that the Nobili- 
 ty and Gentry visiting Scarbrough will not think 
 it too much to give half-a-crown each to this 
 useful institution. 
 
 A HUMANE SOCIETY 
 
 for the recovery of persons in a state of suspend- 
 ed animation, has been lately formed at Scar- 
 brough. 
 
A LIFE BOAT 
 
 upon Mr. Greathead's plan, was built here in 
 1821, and has been instrumental in saving much 
 property and many lives. It is supported by 
 voluntary donations. 
 
 CORPORATION, &c. , 
 
 The Ancient Corporation of Scarbrougfi 
 consisted of two Bailiffs, two Coroners, four 
 Chamberlains, and thirty-six Common Council. 
 Its charter was dated 22nd November, 1356. 30tr± 
 Edward III, besides others of an earlier date- 
 
38 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 The election of Representatives to serve in 
 Parliament for the Borough was vested exclu- 
 sively in the Corporation, by a decision of the 
 House of Commons ; an account of the grounds 
 of which determination may be seen in Hinder- 
 well's History of Scarbrough. 
 
 In consequence of the Municipal Reform 
 Bill, passed in the year 1835, Scarbrough, in 
 common with all other corporate towns, has 
 since that period been governed by a Mayor, 
 (annually chosen,) Six Aldermen, and Eighteen 
 Councillors, periodically elected. The Election 
 of Representatives to serve in Parliament for the 
 Borough, is now vested in the £10 house- 
 holders. 
 
 The Arms of the Borough bear the marks of 
 great antiquity. A Ship of the rudest form, a 
 Watch-tower, and a Star appear on the Com- 
 mon Seal. Its registry in the Herald's Office is 
 without date, and it is there classed among the 
 most ancient. The Magistrates Seal of Office 
 is a Ship only, of a very antique form, with two 
 
SCARBROUGH. 39 
 
 towers on the deck, and a smaller one at the top 
 of the mast. 
 
 TRADE. 
 
 Scarbrough, though in possession of a con- 
 venient port, has a restricted commerce. The 
 vicinity of sterile moors, and a neighbouring 
 district far from populous, without any water 
 communication or rail-road with the interior 
 country, present formidable impediments to 
 the spirit of enterprize. Shipping, and its de- 
 pendencies, are the principal branches in which 
 the inhabitants are most generally interested. 
 Ship-building forms an important object of 
 employment, and is a great source of emolument ; 
 but it is precarious, and subject to fluctuations. 
 
 The only manufacturies in the place are 
 those immediately connected with shipping. 
 There are two of cordage. The markets are 
 twice in the week, viz. on Thursday and Saturday. 
 They are abundantly supplied with excellent 
 provisions of every kind. 
 
 The commerce of the port is principally con- 
 
40 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 fined to exports of corn, butter in firkins, hams, 
 bacon, and salt-fish ; and imports of coals from 
 Newcastle, Sunderland, Hartlepool, and Mid- 
 dlesbro'; timber, deal, flax, and iron from the 
 Baltic ; brandy from France ; geneva from Hol- 
 land ; wine from Portugal, via Hull ; groceries 
 and rum from London. 
 
 The population of Scarbrough, according 
 to the last census, is 8760. 
 
PLACES CONDUCIVE TO HEALTH, 
 INSTRUCTION & AMUSEMENT. 
 
 SCARBROUGH CLIFF BRIDGE. 
 
 Sweet interchange 
 Of hill and valley, rivers, woods and plains, 
 Now land, now sea, and shores with forests crown'd. 
 
 MILTON. 
 
42 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 The continually increasing importance of the 
 town of Scarbrough, as a place of fashionable 
 resort, particularly in the bathing season, is well 
 known to most persons resident in the northern 
 counties in this kingdom. 
 
 The preference thus given, rendered it de- 
 sirable that every proper means should be 
 adopted for the purpose of adding to the at- 
 traction, which this most delightful town and 
 coast afford to those who, either for health or 
 pleasure visit the sea- side. , 
 
 Amongst other things, the visitors to Scar- 
 brough have frequently been known to express 
 an anxious wish that some plan should be de- 
 vised, by which the access from the cliff to the 
 spa, could be rendered more easy and agree- 
 able to those who desire to take that route : and 
 indeed it may be said, that many invalids have 
 been obliged to avoid the road to the spa by 
 the cliff, in consequence of the descent and 
 ascent between them. 
 
 This want, so well understood by the visitors, 
 
SCARBROUGH. 43 
 
 has given rise to the gigantic effort to level the 
 ponderous masses of cliff-land between the ter- 
 race and the spa, to form a promenade, 24 
 feet wide; which operation commenced late in 
 the year 1826, and on the 29th of November the 
 first stone of the new Bridge, was laid by E. H. 
 Hebden, Esq., senior Bailiff of Scarbrough. 
 
 From this Bridge, which is of iron, supported 
 by strong massive stone pillars, the view is beyond 
 description grand — the beautiful and the sub- 
 lime are so effectively blended in one point, and 
 so pleasingly separated in another, that we con- 
 ceive a more interesting scene can be no where 
 exhibited. 
 
 On the 19th of July, 1827, being the anni- 
 versary of the coronation of his Majesty, King 
 George the IV, the Bridge was opened. 
 
 DIMENSIONS OF THE BRIDGE. 
 
 Length of the southern abutment, 64 feet; of 
 the 4 iron arches, 284; of the northern abutment 
 66 feet; total length 414 feet. 
 
44 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 Width of the southern end, 17§ feet; of the 
 iron work, in the central part, 13J feet ; of the 
 north end, 24 feet. 
 
 Height of the Bridge from the surface of the 
 water on the eastern side of the surface of the 
 railway, 70 feet ; of the palisades, 5 feet ; total 
 height, 75 feet; height above high water, at 
 ordinary spring tides, 80 feet. 
 
 Span of each iron arch, in the clear, 65 feet ; 
 rise of each in the centre, 8 feet. 
 
 The iron work was cast by Messrs. Hird, 
 Dawson, and Field, of the Low Moor Iron-works. 
 
 The Masonry was built by Messrs. Stead, 
 Snowden, and Buckley of York, 
 
 Length of the promenade, 350 yards. 
 Average width, 9 yards. 
 Widest parts, 1 1 yards. 
 
 Engineer, Mr. Outhett. 
 
SCARBROUGH. 45 
 
 The original estimate of this great undertak- 
 ing was £4,500, raised by subscriptions, in 450 
 shares of £10 each. Yet, from an extension of 
 the original plan, &c, the expense was upwards 
 of £8,000. The late Corporation of Scarbrough 
 acquitted themselves towards the company with 
 the greatest liberality — for, with a view to aid 
 its objects, they not only permitted the terrace 
 to be formed on their land, but granted to it a 
 long lease, (at a nominal rent) of "The Spa 
 Wells," with the houses, platforms, &c, adjoin- 
 ing. 
 
 There is no improvement at Scarbrough so 
 useful and attractive as the Cliff-Bridge and its 
 appendages, the Promenade, Spa-terrace, Sa- 
 loon, and ornamental grounds. The exclusion of 
 improper classes, — the extent and variety of the 
 walks, — the prospects which have scarcely a 
 parallel, — and the animating scene of beauty 
 and fashion on every side, conspire to form a 
 picture of the most delightful interest ; and in 
 the evenings, the charm is heightened, by the 
 powerful aid of Music. 
 
THE OLD SPA. 
 
 This building was erected in the year 1739, 
 and on the evening of the 17th February, 1836, 
 during a heavy gale and an extraordinary high 
 tide, the staith was nearly washed away. Since 
 which time, the present substantial SeaAVall and 
 the Saloon have been built. The new Building 
 is of stone, in the castellated gothic style, 
 from a design furnished by one of our worthy 
 representatives in Parliament, Major Gen. Sir 
 
SCARBROUGH. 47 
 
 F. W. Trench. Mr. Henry Wyatt of London was 
 the Architect, and Mr. John Barry of Scarbro' the 
 Builder. — The Saloon wss opened on the 16th 
 August, 1839, by a public procession of Share- 
 holders and others, who assembled at the Town- 
 Hall, at one o'clock, and proceeded from thence, 
 headed by a band of music, over the Bridge and 
 Walks to the Saloon ; when the company con- 
 sisting of about 170 Ladies and Gentlemen, sat 
 down to a sumptuous breakfast, at half-past one, 
 and the festivities concluded with a ball in the 
 evening. 
 
 The Terms of Admission to the Bridge, New 
 Terrace, Walks and Pleasure Grounds, Pro- 
 menade Gallery, Spa, and the use of the 
 Mineral Waters, are now connected with the 
 toll of the bridge, and are as follow . — 
 
 For One Day. £ s. d. 
 
 Ticket for. each individual, without 
 
 distinction 6 
 
 For One Week. 
 Ticket for each Person, not being a 
 
 servant 2 6 
 
 Ditto for a servant I 6 
 
48 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 For Fourteen Days. 
 
 £ s. cl. 
 Ticket for each Person, not being a 
 
 servant 4 
 
 Ditto for a servant 2 
 
 THtto admitting any number of the 
 same family constantly on the es- 
 tablishment, including nurses in 
 attendance on children, (but all 
 
 other servants excepted,) 
 
 A Family Ticket 15 
 
 For One Month. 
 Ticket for each Person, not being a 
 
 servant 6 
 
 Ditto for a servant 3 
 
 A Family Ticket as above described ..110 
 
 For the Season. 
 Ticket for each Person, not being a 
 
 servant 10 6 
 
 Ditto for a servant 5 
 
 A Family Ticket as above described 111 6 
 
SCARBROUGH. 49 
 
 £ S. (L 
 
 Individuals having or hiring a bath- 
 chair drawn by a servant, or a sedan 
 chair carried by chairmen, to pay 
 for each day, in addition to any of 
 foregoing terms „ 1 
 
 And no bath chair or sedan chair can be al- 
 lowed to pass along the Bridge, except in pro- 
 ceeding to or from the walks or the Spa, nor 
 can the party using them continue to exercise 
 on the bridge only, or the chair to remain 
 stationary thereon. 
 
 The Tickets are not transferrable. No 
 gratuity to be paid to any of the Bridge or 
 Spa attendants. 
 
 On Tickets for the season or year only, a re- 
 duction of one third of the price is allowed to 
 Proprietors holding seven shares and upwards, 
 viz. on one, two, or three single Tickets, or on 
 one Family Ticket. And to Shareholders hold- 
 ing a number less than seven, an allowance of 
 one shilling and sixpence per share on a Family 
 
50 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 Ticket ; and sixpence per share on each Ticket 
 for an individual ; but no reduction to any pro- 
 prietor for a shorter period. 
 
 Tickets for which a reduction in price may 
 be claimed shall be for such shares only as are 
 bona fide registered on the books of the Bridge 
 Company, in the name of the party claiming. 
 
 Visiters and others taking Tickets, are par- 
 ticularly requested to observe the date upon 
 which the same will expire ; and they must then 
 either have them renewed, or be subject to the 
 same rules, &c, as if never possessed of a Ticket. 
 They are also requested to produce them when- 
 ever required to do so, by the collector. 
 
 Tickets may be obtained on application at the 
 Bridge, or to Mr. John Gillott, the Secretary, at 
 the Post-Office. 
 
 THE MINERAL WATERS, 
 
 The first cistern for collecting the waters was 
 built in the year 1698. 
 
SCARBROUGH, 51 
 
 The mineral waters have supported their 
 fame upwards of two centuries. Dr. Wittie writes 
 that the discovery of their virtues was owing 
 to the following accidental circumstance : — 
 
 " Mrs. Farrer, an intelligent lady, who lived 
 at Scarbrough about the year 1620, sometimes 
 walked along the shore; and observing the 
 stones over which the water passed to have re- 
 ceived a russet colour, and finding it to have an 
 acid taste, different to the common springs, and 
 to receive a purple tincture from galls, thought 
 it probably might have a medical property ; and 
 haying therefore made an experiment herself, 
 and persuaded others to do the same, it was 
 found to be efficacious in some complaints, and 
 became the usual physic of the inhabitants. It 
 was afterwards in great reputation with the 
 citizens of York, and the gentry of the county ; 
 and at length was so generally recommended, 
 that several persons of quality came from a 
 great distance to drink it; preferring it before 
 all the other they had formerly frequented, even 
 the Italian, French, and German Spas."* 
 
 * Dr. Wittie on Scarbrough waters. 
 
 H 
 
:§2 ^CARBHOXJGH, 
 
 In the month of December, 1737, the staith 
 of the Spa, composed of a large body of stone 
 %oand by timber, as a defence against the sea, 
 for the security of the Spa-house, in a most 
 extraordinary manner gave way. A great mass 
 of the cliff, containing near an acre of pasture- 
 land, with the cattle grazing upon it, sunk per- 
 pendicularly several yards. As the ground 
 sunk, the earth or sand under the cliff rose on 
 the north and south sides of the staith, out of 
 its natural position, above 100 yards in length ; 
 and was in some places six, and in others seven 
 yards above its former level. The Spa-wells 
 ascended with the earth or sand ; but so soon 
 as the latter began to rise, the water ceased 
 running into the wells, and for a time seemed 
 to be lost 
 
 The ground thus risen was 26 yards broad ; 
 and the staith, notwithstanding its immense 
 weight, (computed at 2463 tons,) rose entire 12 
 feet higher than its former position, and was 
 forced forward to the sea about 20 yards. 
 
SeARBRCHJ&fr. OS 
 
 The springs of the mineral waters were r by 
 diligent search, afterwards recovered ;. and the 
 staith being repaired, the Spaw continued in 
 great reputation- 
 
 The celebrated Dicky Dickinson, an origi- 
 nal character, was at the above period the 
 Governor of the Spa. His person was, m the 
 highest degree, deformed ; but he possessed an 
 uncommon brilliancy of wit, and considerable 
 ingenuity. The annexed lines were composed 
 in honour of the vivacity of his talents := — 
 
 Samos unenvied boasts her Jisop gone,. 
 And France may glory in her late Scarron,. 
 While England has a living Dickinson. 
 
 The following analysis of the waters by the 
 late Dr. Belcombe, formerlya resident Physician 
 in Scarbrough, was made in 1796. 
 
 The north-well is the chalybeate water; and 
 not far from it, is the salt or south well. From 
 both wells the water is perfectly clear, of & 
 bluish cast, sometimes sparkling; has not & 
 
54 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 disagreeable taste, or the least unpleasant smelL 
 Although the north well has been called the 
 chalybeate, it is found not to hold much more iron 
 in solution than the other ; but containing much 
 less vitrolated magnesia, its taste is stronger, or 
 more inky. The taste of the north well water is 
 brisk and not disagreeably saline. When suf- 
 fered to stand in an open vessel exposed to the 
 sun, or in a warm room, the sides of the vessel 
 are soon covered with air-bubbles, and the water 
 becomes somewhat turbid ; in a day or two, it 
 deposits a little yellow or orange-coloured 
 sediment. The water then grows clear again ; 
 and if suffered to stand lightly covered for some 
 weeks, a thin skin or pellicle forms upon the 
 surface, and under it a number of beautiful 
 crystals, which on the least motion fall to the 
 bottom. Phenomena nearly similar may be 
 observed in the north-well water, except that 
 few or no crystals form by this spontaneous 
 evaporation. It is said that the water from 
 both wells, on being kept for some time corked, 
 will become foetid; and, on being again expos- 
 ed to the air, will recover its former pur 
 
SCARBROUGB. 55 
 
 Much of the orange-coloured sediment is ob- 
 served in all the channels near the Spa ; and it 
 sometimes comes down the pipes, which con- 
 duct the water, in considerable quantities : this 
 is called the coming down of the mineral. It is 
 chiefly carbonate of iron and carbonate of lime* 
 The temperature of these springs varies very lit- 
 tle ; which is considered as a proof that they 
 rise at a considerable depth in the earth. The 
 thermometer generally stands at 45 deg. in the 
 north well water, when it is at 32 deg. (or freez- 
 ing,) in the open air. In the south well water, 
 it is commonly half a degree higher. I have 
 seldom seen it more than 49 deg. or 49 deg. 5 
 min. even in summer. The specific gravity of 
 the south-well water is 10038,06; of the north 
 well water, 10033,23; of sea water, 10270,54; 
 distilled water being considered at 1000. 
 
 From remote ages mineral waters have been 
 considered as very efficacious medicines in al- 
 most all those diseases which have not yielded 
 to the use of other remedies, and not unfre- 
 quently as instances of God's peculiar goodnesa 
 
£6 SCARBROUGff. 
 
 to his creatures; consequently, their effects 
 have been miraculous. So prone is human 
 nature to superstition, and so apt to attribute 
 to the partial interposition of the Deity the 
 effects of general laws which its finite reason 
 does not comprehend! Scepticism commonly 
 succeeds superstition ; and, accordingly, it is 
 now the mode with some physicians to regard 
 mineral waters as remedies of little value. 
 
 The surprising advance which Chemistry 
 has made within a very few years, by enabling 
 men to ascertain with accuracy the contents of 
 mineral waters, has (it is truej also enabled 
 them to judge more correctly of their probable 
 effects, and consequently rendered them less* 
 liable than formerly to imposition from suppos- 
 ed cures, which may have been the effects of 
 other unnoticed circumstances ; but until they 
 can explain more satisfactorily than at present 
 the way in which medicines act, they ought not 
 to descry the valuable effects which experience 
 informs us are frequently produced by small 
 quantities of mineral substances diffused through 
 
'S'CARBROUGH, 57 
 
 large portions of pure water. Chemistry has, 
 also, enabled them to imitate the mineral waters 
 with considerable success; but it has been found 
 extremely difficult to make the waters as agree- 
 able and pure as at the fountain. 
 
 The general effects of the south-well water, 
 when drank in sufficient quantity, is to act gent- 
 ly on the bowels and kidneys, and sometimes 
 on both, but without harassing or fatiguing ; 
 on the contrary, it strengthens and exhilarates. 
 It is serviceable in debility and relaxations of the 
 stomachy in nervous disorders, scurvy, struma or 
 swelled glands, chlorosis, and particularly weak- 
 ness. I have found it very useful in a variety 
 of chronic complaints, attended by habitual cos- 
 tiveness. These complaints are often accom- 
 panied by some degree of jaundice, or are fre- 
 quently subsequent to it, to a sedentary life, to 
 long continued and painful affections of the mind, 
 to long and tedious illness, to agues, to residence 
 in hot climates, and sometimes to intemperance* 
 In such cases, I have known a small glass of 
 this water, repeated every day for some time 
 
58 S€ARBROUGH. 
 
 produce the most desired and permanent effect; 
 <3ven when very powerful medicines have not 
 been found to answer, or only to afford temporary 
 relief. Most commonly, however, two three, or 
 even four half-pints, taken at proper intervals, 
 and repeated daily, are required ; although no 
 very great constipation may have preceded. 
 
 Some diseases of the stomach, as 1 have al- 
 ready observed, are much relieved by this water, 
 others are increased by its use; especially all 
 those proceeding from long continued intem- 
 perance ; but the sickness arising from occasion- 
 al excess is often wonderfully relieved by a glass 
 or two of this water. It sometimes affords relief 
 in the gravel, as well as in several pains of the 
 loins, whose seat seems to be in the kidneys, 
 although they are generally called rheumatic. 
 Disorders commonly comprehended under the 
 appellation of scurvy, as pimples, red face, erup- 
 tions, in various parts of the body ; roughness of 
 the skin, or scurf, &c, are often cured by a long 
 continued use of the south-well water. Some 
 remarkable instances of this kind haye come 
 
SCARBROUGH. 59 
 
 to my knowledge, both of the inhabitants of the 
 town, and of strangers. In these disorders as 
 much water should be drank daily, at proper 
 intervals, as will produce some sensible effect 
 upon the bowels ; sometimes a single glass, 
 even of the smallest size, will be sufficient ; but 
 when three or four half-pints are not found to 
 answer, it is better to add a little Scarbrough 
 or Epsom salt, or drink a glass of sea-water, 
 than to increase the quantity. 
 
 The Chalybeate, or north-well water, has 
 little or no opening property. It braces, and 
 generally passes off by urine. Hence it is pre- 
 ferable, in most complaints in which the bowels 
 will not bear the south-well water. In all cases 
 of general weakness and relaxation, its virtues 
 are acknowledged ; and I observe that the 
 water-servers generally recommend it to the deli- 
 cate of their own sex, and I believe with good 
 success. This water is however apt to heat, and 
 sometimes sits heavy. This may be prevented 
 by the means hereafter mentioned, or by taking 
 a glass of the south-well water at the same time. 
 
60 SCA.RBROUGH. 
 
 The north-well water is peculiarly useful in 
 a variety of nervous cases, particularly those con- 
 sequent to confinement, dissipation, and a town- 
 life, where the bowels require gentle assistance. It 
 is, likewise, serviceable in those very numerous 
 cases which occur to females at that time of life 
 when the growth seems disproportionate to the 
 strength. This complaint is mostly distinguish- 
 ed by a pale complexion, depraved appetite, weari- 
 ness and pains in the limbs, palpitations, &c. 
 
 To reap any material advantage, these waters 
 must be drank at the fountain : for as their vir- 
 tues in some measure depend upon an elastic 
 fluid or gas, which quickly escapes from the 
 water, they must necessarily lose some of their 
 properties by being transported to any distance. 
 This circumstance, although of importance, is 
 not much attended to, except by a few who have 
 already experienced the advantage of it. The 
 custom, therefore, of sending for the water to the 
 lodging-houses ought as much as possible to be 
 avoided ; more particularly as some exercise 
 should be taken between each glass, to assist its 
 effect. 
 
SCARBROUGH. 61 
 
 In all cases, where the patient is able, walk- 
 ing is preferable to every other exercise ; next 
 riding on horseback ; and last of all, in the car- 
 riage. The best time for drinking the waters is 
 before breakfast; but some persons cannot bear 
 the coolness of these waters fasting ; in which 
 case they may conveniently be drank about two 
 hours after breakfast. When they sit heavy, 
 or when the stomach is delicate, they are some- 
 times drank a little warm. By this practice their 
 virtues are diminished. The addition of a tea- 
 spoonful of brandy, tincture of cardamoms, or 
 ether, &c. is preferable. The dose cannot be 
 ascertained but by trial. 
 
 Those who bathe and drink the water the 
 same day, generally bathe first. And this 
 seems a proper precaution, particularly for 
 such as are delicate, who ought indeed rather to 
 bathe and djrink the waters on alternate days. 
 Those who are robust will sometimes drink the 
 waters on the same day, both before and after 
 bathing. Every year, however, gives some in- 
 stance, that both bathing and drinking the waters 
 
62 SCARBROUGH 
 
 may be practised incautiously; often in diseases 
 in which they are improper." 
 
 A Treatise and Analysis on these Mineral 
 Springs were published in the year 1833, by 
 William Alexander, Esq., resident Physician, 
 copies of which may be had of any of the Book- 
 sellers. 
 
 In Dr. Granville's recent work on the ll Spas 
 of England," the very distinguished character of 
 these waters, and the varied attractions of Scar- 
 brough, hold a pre-eminent place. 
 
 In the year 1839, the Cliff Bridge Company 
 passed a resolution that the Scarbrough Mineral 
 Waters should be forthwith analysed by a prac- 
 tical Chemist of the highest authority; Dr. 
 Murray, Dr. Travis, and Mr. Dunn, Surgeon, 
 were appointed a Committee to see the same 
 carried into effect: this Committee conferred 
 with Drs. Granville and Faraday, and on their 
 recommendation, the analysis was performed 
 by Richard Phillips, Esq., F. R. S. L. & E. &c. 
 &c., of which the following is a copy ; — 
 
SCARBROUGH. 63 
 
 THE CONTENTS OF A GALLON ARE AS FOLLOW : — 
 
 NORTH SOUTH 
 
 SPRING. SPRING. 
 
 Azotic Gas... ..♦ .. 6-3 cubic inches 7*5 
 
 Chloride of Sodium (Common Salt).. 26-64 grains 29-63 
 
 Crystallized Sulphate of Magnesia . . 142-68 „ 225-33 
 
 Crystallized Sulphate of Lime 104-00 „ 110-78 
 
 Bicarbonate of Lime . 48-26 „ 47*80 
 
 Bicarbonate of Protoxide of Iron.... 1-84 ,, 1-81 
 
 Total Contents 323-42 „ 415-35 
 
 Specific gravity of the Water 1-0035 „ 1-0045 
 
 Temperature 49° with very little variation. 
 
 The late William Hutton, F. S. A., in his 
 " Tour to Scarbrough" notices the great benefits 
 which the drinking of these waters and bathing 
 effected upon his daughter, in the following 
 words :— - 
 
 " My daughter's complaint was a nervous 
 asthma of some standing, from taking cold. We 
 visited Scarbrough as the last resort. She 
 stayed eleven weeks, rode on horseback every 
 day, bathed every secondhand drank the waters 
 three times each day. 
 
 About four weeks elapsed before any change 
 
£4 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 was apparent, when her breathing, activity, and 
 strength, began gradually to return, and nature 
 seemed approaching towards her former tone; 
 and, though not perfect, I have hopes that it 
 will tend to preserve that life which 1 value 
 ■ more than my own." 
 
 THE MUSEUM. 
 
 Among .the numerous interesting objects 
 with which this place abounds, the Museum 
 now stands most prominent and attractive. It 
 is situated to the south of the bridge, on an as- 
 cending piece of ground, and is seen from the 
 sands rising -majestically above that beautiful 
 erection. 
 
 The Museum is a rotunda of the Roman 
 Doric order, 37 feet 6 inches in external diame- 
 ter, and 50 feet high. The basement contains 
 pro tempore, the library, keeper's room, and 
 laboratory. When sufficient funds are obtained 
 it is proposed, to place these accessaries in 
 wings radiating from the central building, which 
 will then be solely used as a Museum. The 
 
SCMiBROUGH. 65 
 
 principal room is 35 feet high, and is lighted by 
 a central eye or opening. The beautiful Hack- 
 ness stone, the munificent gift of Sir J.V. B. John- 
 stone, Bart., has been employed in this building 
 The fossils, which are very numerous, are ar- 
 ranged on sloping shelves, ih the order of their 
 strata, — shewing at one view, the whole series of 
 the kingdom. A horizontal shelf below sustains 
 the generic arrangement of fossil shells. 
 Among the collection of fossils, which is one of 
 the most perfect in England, are two admirable 
 collections of local specimens, one purchased of 
 Mr Williamson, and the other presented to the 
 Society by the late Mr. Duesbery, being the valu- 
 able collection of his relative Mr. Hinderwell. 
 The birds and animals are placed above the geo- 
 logical arrangement; so that every part of the 
 Museum can be seen at once. The whole ex- 
 pense of the building, fitting up, &c, was £1400. 
 A donation of £25 constitutes a proprietor's 
 share, which is transferable at all times by will 
 or sale, and confers a perpetual right of admis- 
 sion to the family of the owner. A donation of 
 £5 confers the same perpetual right to the 
 families of strangers. The terms of admission 
 
66 SCARBOROUGH. 
 
 are given below; and the receipts from this 
 source go to pay the keeper, Mr. Williamson, 
 who is always there to explain the geology of 
 the district. 
 
 The building has been erected from designs 
 by Mr. R. H. Sharp, Architect, of York; on 
 whom it reflects much credit. 
 
 TERMS :— 
 
 s. d: 
 
 A single admission . • 1 
 
 Ditto to a Child, under 14 years of age . . 6 
 
 Admission for a month for each person . . 2 6 
 
 Ditto for the season 5 
 
 Admission for a month to a whole family.. 5 
 
 Ditto for a quarter of a year for a family... 10 6 
 
 The Members of this Institution have no 
 view to private emolument, but are only desir- 
 ous of providing for the instruction and amuse- 
 ment of the casual visiter and themselves, by 
 collecting and arranging in a systematic form, 
 the great variety of interesting specimens, with 
 which the district abounds. For the furtherance 
 
SCARBROUGH. 67 
 
 -of these objects, they most respectfully venture 
 to appeal to the liberality of the public, without 
 whose assistance individual exertions would 
 be ineffectual. 
 
 Donations and Specimens will be thankfully 
 received and registered at the Museum ; where 
 also, Tickets of admission may be had : — those 
 for the families either of subscribers or casual 
 visiters, to include servants ; but if more than 
 one family lodge in the same house, the pay- 
 ment of each to be independent of the other. 
 
 As a means of amusement and instruction 
 for the stranger, and as a guide to the natural 
 history of a coast replete with objects of the 
 highest interest, it may be proper to observe, 
 that it appears so effectually to have answered 
 the purpose, that the collection has been visited 
 duriug the last season, by no fewer than 1500 
 persons. 
 
 THE MUSEUM OF W. BEAN, ESQ. 
 
 The private Museum of Mr. Bean, compris- 
 ing decidedly the best collection of British Shells 
 
68 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 in the kingdom, is politely thrown open for pub- 
 lic inspection, about six days, at indefinite 
 periods, during the season, when all strangers 
 are kindly admitted on being properly intro- 
 duced. On these occasions the drawers of every 
 cabinet are openly displayed in the various 
 apartments of the house of the proprietor; so 
 that the whole suite of rooms, is, on these oc- 
 casions, appropriated to the purposes of a Mu- 
 seum. The Geological specimens are equally 
 valuable, and have been long celebrated. Mr. 
 Bean's collection of Corallines is choice; and 
 by the novel manner in which they are display- 
 ed, being a style quite different from any we 
 have hitherto witnessed, an increased effect is 
 given to their minute beauties ; and the whole 
 collection is truly worthy of the taste of the 
 possessor, and shews his penetration in subjects 
 connected with Natural History to distinguish- 
 ed advantage, 
 
 THE THEATRE, 
 
 situated in Tanner Street, has been lately newly 
 painted and tastefully embellished, and pre- 
 
SCARBROUGH. 69 
 
 sents a coup tfoeil at once chaste and effective. 
 Its boards have been graced by some of the 
 the most popular of the London Performers. 
 The late Mr. Stephen Kemble possessed the 
 Theatre for a series of years, and occasionally 
 performed some of his most celebrated charac- 
 ters, in which he was most ably supported by 
 the talents of his wife, formerly the celebrated 
 Miss Satchell, of Drury Lane.* It usually 
 opens about the middle of July, and closes in 
 October. W. R. Beverly, Esq., is the present 
 Lessee. The prices of admission are: Boxes, 3s.; 
 Pit, 2s.; and Gallery, Is. There is one fashion- 
 able night in the course of the week . 
 
 THE TOWN-HALL 
 
 is a commodious building in Long Room Street, 
 where the sessions are held, and all business 
 connected with the town transacted. In one of 
 the Committee-rooms is a fine portrait, by J. 
 Jackson, R. A., of Mr. Bartholomew Johnson, of 
 
 * In the Poems of the pastoral poet, Cunningham, 
 appears a Prologue, spoken at Scarbroughj where, the 
 author then figured on the Stage. 
 
70 SCARBROUGH 
 
 Scarboro', a highly respected musical character,, 
 who completed his 100th year, on the 3rd Octo- 
 ber, 1810. This event, so highly interesting to 
 all who knew him, was celebrated by a Jubilee 
 dinner, and musical performance, at the Free- 
 masons' Hall in Scarbrough. Several poetical 
 compositions, from the classical pens of the Rev. 
 Francis Wrangham, Thomas Hinderwell, Esq., 
 &c, were sung and recited with great ap- 
 plause."^ 
 
 TRAVIS'S BATHS ON THE CLIFF. 
 
 This establishment was originally opened in: 
 1798 ; since which time, it has undergone sever- 
 al improvements; in 1822 it was rebuilt, and 
 the interior fitted up with every attention to 
 comfort and elegance. The Baths are in- 
 Wood or Marble, and are varied as to form, 
 being adapted either for plunging, or for the 
 erect or horizontal position. They admit of 
 every variety of temperature, and are supplied 
 every tide with the purest sea-water. Here 
 
 * For a full account of this Jubilee, see " The Gentle- 
 man's Magazine," vol. 80. 
 
SCARBROUGH. 7T 
 
 Mewise are Shower-baths, and the Douche 
 on an improved principle, affording every de- 
 gree of force and temperature. A room is also^ 
 fitted up for Steam Baths ; and no expense- 
 has been spared to render the establishment 
 equal to any in the kingdom. 
 
 HARLANDS BATHS. 
 
 These Baths are delightfully situated in the 
 New Road, at the bottom of Vernon Place, com^ 
 bining in that situation as much as possible, 
 privacy with convenience, together with the 
 advantage of receiving with facility, a constant 
 supply of the purest Sea- Water, from the 
 southern shore. The interior of the baths is 
 constructed on a plan entirely new, the rooms 
 are elegantly fitted up, and the apparatus on the 
 most philosophical principles. One of the Baths 
 has been constructed for bathing in the erect or 
 sitting position, for those who are not able to 
 bear the horizontal. 
 
 There has also lately been erected' an elegant 
 building contiguous to the original edifice,, con- 
 
72 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 taining a plunge Bath, of size sufficient to ad- 
 mit of all the advantages of Sea-bathing; intend- 
 ed chiefly for those who, from delicacy of con- 
 stitution or other causes, are prevented from 
 bathing in the open sea. Also, an additional 
 Shower-bath upon an improved principle, by 
 which the height, force, rapid succession, or 
 number of showers, may be readily adapted to 
 each particular case In the fitting-up of these 
 Baths no expense has been spared either with 
 regard to ornament or utility. 
 
 WARM AND SHOWER BATHS, NEAR 
 THE PIER, SCARBROUGH. 
 
 These baths possess exclusive advantages; 
 they are supplied with water of the purest qual- 
 ity, pumped immediately from the Sea, at a situa- 
 tion remote from the drains and other impurities 
 of the town; and advantage is constantly taken 
 of flowing tides to obtain it of the greatest 
 possible strength and efficacy. 
 
 CHAMPLEY'S BATHS 
 
 are centrally situated between the Cliff and 
 
SCARBROUGH. 73 
 
 Crescent, constructed on a plan entirely new, in 
 which privacy and elegance are combined, and 
 on a scale of magnitude hitherto unattempted 
 in Scarbrough. 
 
 One suite of rooms is appropriated for the use 
 of Ladies, and another for that of Gentlemen. 
 Orders received at the Baths, and by J. Cham- 
 pley. Chemist, &c, at his shop, No. 71, opposite 
 the New Inn, Newbrough Street. 
 
 VICKERMAN'S BATHS 
 
 are near the Marine Houses, and are replete 
 with convenience for warm bathing. 
 
 THE TOWN NEWS-ROOM & LIBRARY 
 
 are situated on the verge of the Cliff, at the 
 south end of King-Street. Strangers, as well as 
 residents, have access to the news-room ; the 
 subscription for the season being 10s. 6d. The 
 library is a permanent one, and being established 
 as well by gentlemen in the country, as those in 
 
74 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 the town, has received the appellation of The 
 Agricultural and General Library.. A room for 
 billiards is also attached to this building. 
 
 The booksellers will procure Newspapers, for 
 stbese who wish to take either London or Provin- 
 cial ones. 
 
 CIRCULATING LIBRARIES. 
 
 The Libraries are those of Mr. Theakston, 
 Long-room-street, who also supplies a News- 
 room, during the summer months ; Messrs. W., 
 T., and J. Ainsworth, Newbrough-street ; and 
 Miss Bloomfield, Cliff. There is, likewise, a 
 Library attached to the Mechanics' Institution, 
 established here in 1830, which contains some 
 valuable works on the arts and sciences. The 
 several Chapels too have their respective Libra- 
 ries of theological works; and there is likewise 
 a Free Library, founded by a lady of Hull. 
 
SCARBROUGK. 75 
 
 SHOPS 
 
 for the sale of Agates, &c. of the coast, are 
 situated on the Cliff, and in Newbro' Street. Mr. 
 Cracknell, Mr. A., & Mr. W. Crawford, at their re- 
 spective shops on the Cliff, deal largely in works 
 of art, viz, Oriental China, paintings, coins and 
 medals, carvings, Foreign shells, &c. &c. Miss 
 Corbett, in Merchants' Row, has a large collec- 
 tion of curiosities of various descriptions, par- 
 ticularly ancient China : indeed the shops 
 generally will be found extremely well fur- 
 nished. 
 
 CUSTOMS. 
 
 Early morning is appropriated for bathing 
 and drinking the waters, mid-day for walking the 
 sands, shopping, lounging at the libraries and 
 rooms, or taking one of the drives in the romantic 
 environs. After dinner a general muster is ap- 
 parent on the Cliff-Bridge and Saloon, where a 
 band of Music attends and performs selections 
 from the most celebrated composers, three even- 
 ings in the week, during the season ; the Theatre 
 is visited, or the Lecture attended. 
 
 L 
 
76 SCARBROUG3K 
 
 BATHING. 
 
 The Sea and Spa generally afford engage- 
 ments which engross the first attention, and fill 
 up the earlier part of the morning ; for to bathe 
 and drink the waters, are mostly recommended 
 before breakfast. The beautiful form of Scar- 
 brough Beach is, at an early hour, enlivened by 
 the confused, but entertaining dispersion of 
 bathing machines, scattered on its verge, while 
 the sun slopes its early beams upon them, as they 
 are drawn to and from the sea. There are about 
 forty commodious bathing-machines, which be- 
 long to the same proprietor. Two women attend 
 each lady who bathes, as guides ; and one man, 
 every gentleman who requires it. A boy attends 
 with a horse, to draw the machine to and from 
 the water; which is drawn to any depth the 
 bather pleases. There are also machines for 
 bathing on the north shore near Low Peasholm. 
 The regular price for bathing is sixpence each 
 time. 
 
 The following excellent observations on Sea- 
 bathing, by Dr. Gibney, cannot be otherwise 
 than acceptable : — 
 
SCARBROUGH. 77 
 
 To invalids, who bathe for the restoration of 
 general health, or for the mitigation or removal 
 of local complaints, it would be almost impossible 
 to give directions and cautions which would ex- 
 actly suit every case. To those who from long 
 indisposition are much reduced in strength, 
 whose digestion and secretions are performed 
 with languor and sluggishness, whose sleep is 
 un refreshing, and whose mind is irritable and 
 fretful, the warm bath is recommended, as 
 the sudden use of the cold bath is generally 
 unfriendly, until they pass a certain qua- 
 rantine on the borders of the sea, and by the 
 effects of its salutary air, are, in some measure, 
 restored to health and vigour. After this pre- 
 paration, if the temperature of the bath be ad- 
 justed to the state of the debility, so as by a 
 regular progression to increase its coldness, and 
 shorten the period of immersion, according to the 
 restoration of strength, the invalid may with pro- 
 priety bathe in the open sea. 
 
 From a neglect of these precautionary rules, 
 many have been obliged to abandon its use, 
 having plunged into the water when so cold as 
 to produce enervating chills and nervous feel- 
 ings, accompanied with head-ache, loss of spirits 
 
78 SCARBROUGH 
 
 and languor. Invalids of this description should 
 not bathe before breakfast, but choose a favour- 
 able moment an hour or two after that meal, 
 taking particular care to avoid being chilly or 
 cold before entering the sea. To the generality 
 of persons, one or two immersions are sufficient, 
 but this depends upon the effect experienced 
 after a few trials, beginning with caution and 
 persevering with regularity, in all cases drying 
 ths skin, and putting on the usual clothing with 
 all expedition. A genial glow suffuses itself over 
 the surface, and a pleasing warmth succeeds, ac- 
 companied by refreshed and invigorated feelings. 
 In general this effect may be considered as a 
 proof of its salutary influence, for when a sensi- 
 ble glow arising from the cutaneous re-action, 
 does not immediately succeed, it is the common- 
 ly received opinion that cold bathing, except 
 under particular regulation, will not contribute 
 toward the improvement of health, and, if in- 
 judiciously persisted in, may be the cause of 
 bringing on disease. In entering on a course of 
 warm bathing, the condition of the patient, the 
 moment be«t suited to that condition, and the 
 particular temperature of the water, are of es- 
 
SCAR3ROUGH. 79 
 
 sential conseqaence. When from a due con- 
 sideration of the circumstances of the disease, we 
 have determined on its use, the best general rule 
 for regulating its temperature must be founded 
 on the animal heat of the person about to use it. 
 This is of primary moment, as a leading feature 
 in the general use of the warm bath, but more 
 particularly with respect to delicate persons, in 
 the treatment of whom, a neglect of this point 
 has often been prejudical. 
 
 AMUSEMENTS. 
 
 After breakfast, the usual avocations of all 
 public places here succeed in their turn as fancy 
 may lead, or convenience direct. Morning par- 
 ties for country rides, sally forth with their gay 
 and lively trains, in pursuit of health or amuse- 
 ment; returning for the most part, gratified by 
 a competent share of both. When the tide per- 
 mits, about noon, as many as wish to enjoy, to 
 the utmost, every breeze of the sea air, parade 
 the sandy beach, and compose one of the most 
 cheerful medleys. The warmest conception would 
 perhaps be inadequate to the beauty and the 
 
SO SCARBROUGH. 
 
 liveliness which the sands then display. Splendid 
 chariots, towering phaetons, pony-carriages, and 
 parties on horse-back, vary the scene: thus, each 
 pursues the most eligible or convenient method 
 of enjoying the salutary exhalation, and takes sea 
 water in at every breath. Added to this, is a rich 
 assemblage of fixed objects ; the semi-circle of a 
 sloping town, and all its motley-coloured houses, 
 churches, and castle, which spread out an un- 
 commonly fine back-ground; while the sea opens 
 to the S. E. a boundless expanse, sometimes a- 
 dorned by passing fleets, or many a sail of 
 straggling ships, coasting along : the eye seems 
 never tired with such a view ; which it is as dif- 
 ficult to describe justly, as to quit without re- 
 luctance. The usual dinner-hour at Scarbrough 
 is four or five: about seven, the clifF-bridge-pro- 
 menade, the beach, and plantation-walk, are 
 thronged with groups of pedestrians. 
 
 There scarcely can be two sea-rides so near 
 each other, as the north-sands, and those to the 
 south more agreeably contrasted. We would 
 much recommend the north sands, to those un- 
 able, or disinclined to mix in the throng, when 
 
SCARBROUGH. 8f 
 
 they take the sea air. About a mile from the 
 castle, along these sands, is a celebrated tea- 
 house, called Scalby Mill, greatly resorted to, 
 by those fond of rural tea-excursions. The road 
 from which Mill may be varied by a return 
 along the top of the cliffs ; or through the fields 
 into the Whitby road. 
 
 It generally proves a gratifying source of 
 amusement to collect on the sea-soast petrefac- 
 tions, with jaspers, agates^ and mochos, of which 
 the superincumbent deposit of gravel here, and 
 along the coast is replete with interesting speci- 
 mens. The sands, near Scalby Mill, is one of the 
 situations pointed out by the Rev, F. Kendall, 
 in his " Descriptive Catalogue of the Minerals of 
 Scarbrough," for Jasper Agates ; and near Peas- 
 holm-beck Magnetic Iron Sand is found in the 
 greatest plenty, and being strongly metallic, it is 
 easily collected by passing a magnet gently over 
 the surface of the sand, or slightly plunging it in; 
 the particles clinging to it after the manner of 
 steel-filings. A remarkable fine specimen of a 
 fossil tooth of an Asiatic Elephant was found ox* 
 these sands, near Scalby MilL 
 
82 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 The vestiges of one of the small forts thrown 
 up daring the siege of Scarb rough Castle in 
 1645, may yet be seen upon the hill above Peas- 
 holm-vale, near to the Scalby Mill foot-path. 
 
 The following valuable Observations are Extracts 
 from a very useful book, entitled "The Peram- 
 bulator's Guide to the Scarbrough Sands,"/br 
 which we are indebted to Mr. John Bleckly, of 
 York. 
 
 It should be observed, that as the time of high 
 water as well as the height of the tide is varying 
 every day, the arrangements both for walking 
 and riding upon the sands, as well as for bathing 
 or going upon the sea, should all of them in some 
 sort be regulated by it Thus, if it is purposed to 
 walk to the Nab* before dinner, a day should be 
 taken when it is high water between seven and 
 eight o'clock, and commence the walk about 
 ten, after which, there will be three hours of fall- 
 ing tide, and three hours after that of rising 
 water, in which the return upon the same walk- 
 ing ground may be effected. 
 
 * A projecting rock, about one mile and a half, south of 
 the Spa. 
 
SCARBROUGH. 83 
 
 This rule will apply to the North as well as 
 to the South Sands, and indeed ought to be 
 uniformly observed whenever it is proposed to 
 take a long walk by the sea-side ; more especial- 
 ly on the approach of evening. On every occa- 
 sion of this sort, care should be taken that the 
 time of high water be not earlier than one, nor 
 later than three o'clock in the afternoon; for, 
 under either of these circumstances, it will not 
 be low water sooner than from six to eight, 
 which will always leave possession of good 
 walking ground, and a broad field view under 
 the shadows of the evening, ere the curtain of 
 night closes upon all the surrounding objects. 
 It may be proper in this place to state, that two 
 days after the new and the full moon, when the 
 tides are at the highest, they fall as much below, 
 as they rise above their ordinary places, and that 
 consequently the run of water is accelerated and 
 increased as much as the difference between high 
 and low-water mark at the neap and at the spring 
 tides. This circumstance is mentioned that 
 strangers may not only be upon their guard, but 
 avail themselves of every opportunity to inspect 
 
 M 
 
84 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 the coast, and behold, under all the advantages 
 of light and shade, the splendid scenery. 
 
 The next subject which presses upon 
 notice, is the alternately tranquil and agitated 
 state of the sea, arising solely from the influence 
 of the tide ; for it will be found, when there is 
 but little wind, that the waters are in a state of 
 equilibrium for about an hour, at the period of 
 both high and low water ; and that as the tide 
 begins gradually to recede or advance, the pout- 
 ing lipper soon becomes a restless wave. This 
 circumstance will naturally suggest to those who 
 intend to bathe, and are not very partial to a 
 boisterous sea, that their convenience and their 
 comfort may be easily consulted, and that the fears 
 and the tears of children may be greatly abated. 
 It is also deserving the attention of all who in- 
 tend to bathe, that a rising tide is always to be 
 preferred, and if within an hour or two of high 
 water, the better. The first part of these obser- 
 vations is equally applicable to those who in- 
 tend to go upon the sea ; and if attended to, 
 may be made productive of high gratification 
 and benefit to many, who would otherwise never 
 
SCARBROUGH. 85 
 
 dare to venture upon the unstable element; but 
 for the convenience of such, it should be remem- 
 bered, that with a serene sky, as soon as the tide 
 is half flood, or within three hours of high water, 
 the waves will gradually subside into a perfect 
 calm. The parties may then take an excursion 
 for an hour or two upon smooth water, and re- 
 turn with the natural impulse of a flowing tide. 
 To those who are indifferent to this consider- 
 ation, to say no more of it, it would always be a 
 matter of convenience and sound policy to go 
 to sea within an hour or two before or after low 
 water, according to the length of time they pur- 
 pose to stay out, ever bearing in mind, that it is 
 easier to return with, than against the tide. 
 These remarks will also be serviceable to those 
 who are fond of Fishing, where they are provided 
 with good tackle, plenty of fresh bait, and a full 
 supply of patience ; clear water is not always the 
 most favourable for the diversion, although 
 smooth water is more agreeable to inland fisher- 
 man. 
 
 It should be observed that proper bait of some 
 kinds is only to be obtained at low water, and 
 
86 SCARBROUGH 
 
 that it is always safest to procure it previously, 
 to prevent disappointment at the time of em- 
 barkation. The best chance of success in fishing 
 from the Pier-head, is to commence about two 
 hours after low water, and if the wind be favour- 
 able, the fish in the season, on their way into the 
 harbour, will bite very freely. 
 
 
 WALKS IN THE IMMEDIATE VICINITY 
 OF SCARBROUGH. 
 
 The field for exercise at Scarbrough will be 
 found sufficiently ample, and the walks or rides 
 of a pleasingly varied description. After the 
 most heavy rains, the Beach is in a few minutes 
 dry and fit for a place of promenade. The plan- 
 tation, which consists of the several varieties of 
 trees and shrubs, which form a shade to the 
 tastefully laid-out walks, is situated directly op- 
 posite the Cliff-Bridge, and is liberally thrown 
 open to the public by the corporation. Varied 
 and interesting views may be obtained from 
 several openings, and particularly from the 
 eminence, called the Grove-head, which is at the 
 extremity of the Plantation-walk. 
 
SCARBROUGH. 87 
 
 Passing the Grove^head, the stranger is con- 
 ducted, by a path leading along " rural hedge- 
 rows/' to the " well-protected lanes" which ter- 
 minate at Falsgrave, whence a gravelled walk is 
 continued on both sides of the York road to 
 Scarbrough. Or, a return over the fields will 
 present several romantic views of the town, from 
 the hills enclosing the valley an which the foot- 
 path is formed. 
 
 THE QUAKER'S RETREAT 
 
 is a place much visited. It consists of a single 
 cottage, on the edge of the cliff, overlooking the 
 sea, at a short distance beyond the spa. The first 
 occupier was a well-known character. He was 
 a cultivator and vendor of flowers, which he was 
 in the habit of offering, with the cry, " buy my 
 beauties." He died in the winter of 1831. The 
 present occupier, Mrs. Parnell, has converted 
 the place into a tea-house. On a tabular pro- 
 jection of cliff, a few yards from the cottage, a 
 noble view of the town and bay of Scarbrough, 
 may be obtained. About a mile from this place 
 is that conspicuous point projecting into the sea, 
 
88 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 called the Nab. It is in the direct road to Car- 
 nelian Bay. 
 
 A WALK TO CARNELIAN BAY. 
 
 At last Carnelian Bay they tread, 
 With all its myriad treasures spread; 
 Gems of all kinds — red, white, square, round, 
 A new Golconda above ground. 
 
 Poetical Sketches of Scarbro\ 
 
 \ 
 A walk to Carnelian Bay, about three miles from 
 
 Scarbrough, usually gives rise to much mirth 
 
 among parties climbing over rocky cliffs on their 
 
 progress to this small, but picturesque spot : 
 
 nor does this portion of the excursion constitute 
 
 its chief delight; as the search for Carnelians or 
 
 other pebbles occupies and amuses some hours, 
 
 and the scene may be varied by returning a- 
 
 long the Bridlington road, which will be less 
 
 fatiguing than over the sands. Visitants, indeed, 
 
 may order their carriages to be in waiting there, 
 
 as the tour of the rocks will probably afford 
 
 sufficient exercise for the day. Particular at- 
 
SCARBROUGH. 89 
 
 tention should be paid respecting the suitable 
 time, as visitants returning by the sands, are 
 sometimes intercepted by the influx of the tide. 
 
 CAYTON-CLIFF MILL 
 
 is romantically situated on the margin of Car- 
 nelian Bay. A pleasant excursion by water may 
 be made in any of the pleasure boats and cobles, 
 which may be engaged either by the hour, or by 
 the voyage, under the management of experienced 
 mariners. 
 
 OLIVER'S MOUNT. 
 
 Among the grand prospects to be obtained from 
 elevated sites near Scarbrough, must not be for- 
 gotten, that from the lofty eminence, called 
 Oliver's Mount, about a mile from Scarbrough, 
 on the Bridlington road. A driving road is made 
 round the hill, winding to the fine level plain on 
 its top. This Mount is thus called from a mis- 
 taken notion, that Cromwell erected batteries here 
 against the Castle, during the siege, in 1644 — 5. 
 It is an indisputable historical fact, that Crom- 
 well was never present at this siege. 
 
90 SCARBROTTGH. 
 
 Those who have ascended this mount, since 
 the inclosure in 1797, will not think that in 
 grandeur of prospect it can easily be exceeded. 
 The roads are judiciously laid out, and intersect 
 each other in the most convenient manner. The 
 ascents are gradual, seldom exceeding a rise of 
 seven feet in a hundred, so that in a few minutes 
 the traveller is conveyed by a good road, thirty 
 feet wide, to a delightful terrace elevated six 
 hundred feet above the sea. Hence there is a 
 view of the Ocean, (bounded by the horizon) the 
 Coast, the Castle-hill, the Town, the Harbour, 
 and extensive Piers. To the westward, the vale 
 of Pickering, and a vast extent of country in all 
 charming diversity of landscape, exhibit scenes of 
 a very picturesque nature. As a ride, it posses- 
 ses every thing desirable ; and the coolness and 
 freshness of the air, at such an elevation, give a 
 sense of lightness and comfort not easily de- 
 scribed. From this eminence, Falsgrave, one. 
 mile west from Scarbrough, is prominently con- 
 spicuous. 
 
THE MERE TEA GARDENS, 
 
 about two miles from Scarbrough, at the foot of 
 Oliver's Mount, are much frequented by those 
 fond of rural excursions. The house is picturesque- 
 ly situated on a considerable elevation, at the 
 side of the Mere, a fine piece of water, abound- 
 ing with fish, belonging to the corporation, who, 
 on application, will grant leave to those who 
 wish to fish there. About two miles beyond the 
 Mere is situated the village of Seamer. 
 
92 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 ELEVATED WALK ON THE SOUTH 
 CLIFF. 
 
 There is a walk which, for elevation and for 
 the grandeur of prospect which it affords, both 
 of sea and land, is certainly unequalled in the 
 immediate vicinity of Scarbrough : we mean that 
 along the edge of the cliffs, above the Bridge 
 Promenade ; the road conducting to which is a 
 few paces from the Museum, on the left of the 
 Bridlington road, where a flight of steps is the 
 conductor. The foot-path at length makes a 
 digression from the sea-side, and conducts by 
 winding ways into a lane leading into the Brid- 
 lington road, at about a mile distant from the 
 Museum. This generally proves an interesting 
 walk. If parties wish to lengthen their excur- 
 sion, a white gate on the left in returning, and 
 about half a mile from Scarbrough, opens into 
 a plantation of firs, which conducts down the 
 hill to Plantation Cottage, and thence, by an as- 
 cent up the pebbled walk into the York road 
 near the Pavilion. 
 
 BARROW-CLIFF PLANTATION. 
 
 Half an hour's walk of picturesque and ever- 
 
SCARBROUGR. §g 
 
 varying interest may be enjoyed in an excursion 
 to Barrow-cliff Plantation. From the top of 
 Tanner-street, winding sheep walks lead to the 
 small wood, called Barrow-cliff; but the readier 
 way is that along the Whitby road, and to turn 
 over the fields after you have passed the tenth 
 gate on the left of the high road leading to 
 Whitby. On returning from this verdant spot 
 of earth, the walk may be prolonged and varied 
 by crossing the Whitby road into the north fields,, 
 where is a path winding round the edge of the 
 cliff to the castle. 
 
 The walk along the side of what is called the 
 Castle Dykes, commands a full view of the town 
 of Scarbrough and the circumjacent country;, 
 and under the arch of the bridge of the castle, is 
 a road of gradual descent conducting to the 
 north sands. 
 
 A WALK FROM SCARBROUGH 
 
 TO MR. DUNWELL'S, LATE PEARSON'S, 
 
 PUBLIC GARDENS, FALSGRAVE. 
 
 The first object from Scarbro' which strikes the 
 
 eye after passing the delightful Terrace of Brum- 
 
94 SCARBROUGH 
 
 wick-Crescent and Albion-Place, is, " Belle-Vue 
 House, the residence of Dr. Murray ; aptly so 
 named as occupying one of the finest of situations 
 for mixed and beautiful prospect." Continuing 
 our walk along a well-gravelled and safely- 
 defended path by the side of the York road, we 
 shortly reach the village of Falsgrave, which is 
 about one mile distant from Scarbrough. " It is 
 certainly of great antiquity," writes the Historian 
 of Scarbrough, " and previously to the conquest 
 (1066) was part of the demesne of Tosti, Count 
 of Northumberland." Proceeding along the 
 village street, we arrive at the shop of the Statu- 
 ary, described in an animated style in a work, 
 entitled, "Prose by a Poet;" and shortly after, 
 reach the Gardens of Mr. Dunwell, which are 
 at the extremity of the village, in a retired situa- 
 tion : the road leading to it is designated by the 
 School-House, known by presenting at its top, a 
 bell, with the word Falsgrave underneath ; and 
 having altogether the appearance of a chapel. 
 The grounds abound with strawberries, choice 
 gooseberries, &c, and several rustic summer- 
 houses afford pleasant situations for resting to 
 eat the fruit, or in which to drink tea, present- 
 
SCARBROUGH. 95 
 
 mg at the same time arf attractive view of Scar- 
 brough Castle and the North Sands, with Bell- 
 vue House in the nearer prospect. The walk 
 beyond the village of Falsgrave as far as to 
 Stepney-house is delightful. 
 
 BRUNSWICK CRESCENT 
 
 forms a striking object from the Bridlington road. 
 Within these few years very striking improve- 
 ments have taken place in Scarb rough, par- 
 ticularly in the erection of public and private 
 buildings, as instances of the former may be 
 mentioned Christ-church & St, Thomas's Church, 
 the cast iron Bridge, the Museum, the Saloon, 
 and the Wesleyan Centenary Chapel, &c. 
 
 HUNTING, SHOOTING, COURSING, 
 FISHING, ETC. 
 
 Besides such amusements as hunting, shooting, 
 and coursing, which gentlemen acquainted in 
 the neighbourhood may obtain occasional leave 
 to pursue, and exclusive of the pleasant rides in 
 the vicinity, sea-parties in fine settled weather 
 
96 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 (especially in the month of August) are 
 abundantly entertaining to such as enjoy little 
 trips around the bay in sailing boats, for fishing, 
 with the prospect of a fine diversified line of coast. 
 
 Haddock, small whiting, codling, and gurnard, 
 frequently come so near the shore, as to be 
 angled for with success from the outward pier. 
 Cobles put off behind the castle, or near the 
 rocks eastward in the bay, and catch small sized 
 fish, often as fast as they can bait. This 
 amusement, however, depends on the appetite 
 of the fish, and the wind being offshore : when 
 both are favourable, it is highly successful ; and 
 it is observable, that they bite most greedily as 
 the evening closes. There is another mode of 
 line-fishing here, which though not without the 
 same uncertainties, often affords good pastime : 
 angling for billet, parr, and cole-fish from the 
 neighbouring rocks, or in a coble anchored at a 
 short distance. When in a humour to bite, these 
 fish afford much diversion, and require far more 
 play to be taken than the smaller tribe of salt- 
 water fish in common.* 
 
 * To those who may wish to make a fishing | 
 requisite apparatus v. ill be supplied on applical 
 bo a tin 
 
SCARBROUGH. 97 
 
 ANTIQUITIES. 
 
 Those attached to objects of Antiquity will 
 be pleased to see a register, however brief, of 
 subjects of the "olden tyme," connected with 
 Scarb rough. 
 
 In High-Tollergate, opposite the Ropery, on 
 the road leading to St. Mary's Church and the 
 Castle, from the former of which it is distant 
 about sixty yards, is a Market Stone of great 
 antiquity, one of its sides being affixed in the 
 boundary wall of a field. From the name of 
 the street, Tollergate, it is conceived that tolls 
 were, in former times, levied here. The stone is 
 Basalt, of the same quality as the remarkable 
 Whin dyke on the high moors. 
 
 In Saturday Market is an ancient cross, 
 which has. exercised the ingenuity of several 
 Antiquaries. It is mentioned in the records, as 
 the '* Butter-cross." 
 
 At the entrance to the Museum is an ancient 
 effigy, supposed to represent John de Mowbray, 
 one of the Governors of the Castle ; or one of 
 the Percy family, but of this there is no certainty- 
 
98 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 FISH BROUGHT TO SCARBROUGH 
 MARKET. 
 
 The principal fish brought to Sea b for 
 
 sale are cod, haddock, ling, scate, hollibat, 
 lings, herrings, turbot, whiting, parr,, billets, 
 cole-fish, lobsters, crabs, and shrimps. The B< 
 for cod-fish has been erroneously supposed to 
 be altogether confined to the winter-months 
 as a proof, however, to the contrary, ma] 
 them are daily seen in the market in June, July, 
 and August, in the finest condition. 
 
 Mackarel cannot be properly classed am 
 
 the kinds of Fish caught her. 
 
 casionally appear within the ran 
 
 Sometimes, however, Mackarel come up in 
 
 shoals, even to the piers; but their appearance 
 
 in such numbers is an unusual oceurrei 
 
 Salmon is also supplied in the season. 
 
 MARKETS. 
 
 The Fish Market is upon the Sands,, i 
 the West Pier. 
 
SCARBROUGH. 99 
 
 The Markets for butchers meat, poultry, and 
 fruit, are on Thursdays and Saturdays. Those 
 on Thursdays, however, are by far the most con- 
 siderable. The moor-mutton brought to Scar- 
 brough is celebrated for its fine flavour. 
 
 FRUIT 
 
 of the best kind and highest perfection may be 
 obtained at Scarbro', on moderate terms. Messrs. 
 Bravender & Hick have a pinery, and supply 
 grapes, nectarines, peaches, apricots, melons 
 plumbs, pears, &c, fresh-gathered every day 
 during the height of the Scarbrough season. Mr. 
 George Walshaw also, has hot-houses, and sup- 
 plies families with fine fruit, &c. Mr. Chatwin 
 likewise, has hot-houses and displays good fruit. 
 And in regard to strawberries, they may be en- 
 joyed in the greatest perfection, at Mr. Dunwells 
 Gardens, Falsgrave. While on this subject, we 
 may be allowed to observe, that we have noticed 
 excellent fruit at Mr. Jobson's Pinery, at Hut- 
 ton-Bushell, a pleasant village, about six miles 
 from Scarbrough, on the York road. He raises 
 some of the earliest and finest grapes of the year. 
 
 L.cfC. ° 
 
100 SCARBROUGB. 
 
 Having now conducted the stranger through 
 this "Queen of English Watering Places," we 
 will hope that, in the preceding pages, every 
 species of direction has been afford to scenes 
 
 u which daily viewed, 
 
 Please daily, and whose novelty survives 
 Long knowledge, and the scrutiny of years ;" 
 
 and hasten to describe 
 
 THE ENVIRONS OF SCARBROUGH. 
 
 Scarbrough is the centre and source of at- 
 traction to a great variety of picturesque and 
 majestic scenes both of nature and art. The man 
 of taste, fixing his residence there a whole sea- 
 son, may find abundance of matter to gratify his 
 curiosity throughout that period, by visiting ob- 
 jects contained within a circle of twenty- five 
 miles round that romantic watering-place ; and, 
 being in the immediate vicinity, we will com- 
 mence our descriptions with 
 
 HACKNESS, 
 
 which is a romantic village, celebrated for the 
 beauty of its scenery ; and is therefore visited 
 
SCARBROUGH. 101 
 
 by all persons of discernment and fashion who re- 
 sort to Scarbro', from which it is about six miles 
 distant. The road conducting to it may be taken 
 through the villages of East and West Ayton, 
 which are pleasantly situated on the opposite 
 banks of the river Derwent. The Derwent, after 
 winding in a confined current through the valley 
 from Hackness, here displays a broader stream. 
 On the slope of a pleasant field to the north of 
 West Ay ton , stands the ruin of an ancient building, 
 once the fortified residence of the family of the 
 Eures or Evers, who possessed large demesnes in 
 these parts, and in the neighbourhood of Malton. 
 
 The village of East Ayton* is celebrated for 
 its charming valley, through which, is the delight- 
 ful ride to Hackness. The lofty hills which em- 
 bosom this valley, rise almost perpendicularly, 
 
 * Five miles from Scarbrough, and four thence down the 
 valley to Hackness. Those who would like to walk down 
 the vale might proceed by the mail from Scarbrough, at one 
 P.M., as far as Ayton : they will find a good Inn and accom- 
 modations at the Johnstone Arms, at Hackness: A return by 
 Scalby and Newby, (the distance in which line being only six 
 miles,) will give a pleasing variation to the excursion. 
 
102 SCARBROUGH 
 
 clothed with pendent woods of various foliage ; 
 and the river Derwent, overhung with branching 
 shrubs and spiry alders, meanders is its silvery 
 course through the vale. About a mile up the 
 valley the road winds into Raincliff, where there 
 is another change of sylvan scenery, which covers 
 the north-west declivity of Seamer-moor. A lane, 
 to the left, leads to Hackness, through the village 
 of Everley on the verdant slope of the opposite 
 hill. This is one of the most pleasant rides from 
 Scarbrough to Hackness ; and the scene may be 
 diversified by returning along the carriage-road 
 which descends to the hill at Hay-Brow. From 
 the summit of this hill there is a delightful view 
 of the Sea and Scarbrough Castle. The pictu- 
 resque village of Scalby adds considerably to the 
 beauty of the landscape. 
 
 Hackness is situated in a pleasant valley, 
 embosomed by surrounding hills, adorned with 
 trees of the richest foliage. The hills are lofty, 
 and finely variegated, differing from each other 
 as well in shape as in ornament. The prospects 
 at Hackness have a charming variety ; the hand 
 of nature having not only enriched them with a 
 
SCARBROUGH. 103 
 
 profusion of sylvan embellishments, but also 
 moulded them into such different forms and 
 projections, as are at once picturesque and 
 beautifuL The road winds irregularly through 
 the valley, presenting at every turn a change of 
 scenery, and the view is sometimes improved by 
 springs of water bursting from the sides of the 
 hills in natural cascades, or falling in gentle 
 
 murmurs. 
 
 i 
 
 To this delightful solitude, Lady Hilda, the 
 pious and illustrious foundress of Whitby A bbe\> 
 retreated, in the evening of life, to pass her days 
 in sacred retirement and meditation.* 
 
 The Church is a pleasing rural edifice, embo- 
 somed in verdent foliage, having, on a low tower,, 
 a spire, than which no other kind of erection 
 could have been more happily chosen for its* 
 peculiar situation, as it forms, when viewed 
 through the openings of the woods, a most in- 
 teresting object; particularly in conjunction 
 with the mansion-house. The interior of the 
 
 * Vide HinderwelPs Scarbrough* 
 
104 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 church bears evident marks of antiquity, and has 
 been attached to the monastery of Lady Hilda. 
 "The ancient oak-stalls of the monks, in the 
 choir, still remain, nearly in their original state." 
 It is the receptacle of a fine piece of statuary by 
 Chantry, The canopy over the font, and a pair 
 of curiously embellished candlesticks at the altar 
 are worthy of inspection In the Church Library 
 are several valuable ecclesiastical works, and we 
 think a " Bibliotheca Parochial is de Hackness" 
 w r ould not prove uninteresting. 
 
 On entering Hackness from Scalby,an elegant 
 arched entrance bespeaks the approach to the 
 village, the view through which, as it gradually 
 unfolds itself, backed by that uncommonly bold, 
 fine hill near the church, crowned with wood of 
 varied foliage, when tinged with the soft glow of 
 an evening's sun, produces an effect beyond de- 
 scription luxurious. 
 
 The gateway itself is an appropriate and 
 pleasing design, and is covered with a great 
 variety of ornamental shrubs, which are pendent 
 
SCARBROUGH. 105 
 
 over its sides, and would form a most interesting 
 subject for the artist* 
 
 On the right of this gateway appears the ele- 
 gant modern Mansion-house* of the proprietor 
 ©f the lordship, Sir John Vanden Bempde John- 
 stone, Bart., erected by Sir Richard Johnstone, 
 the father of the present owner. 
 
 Some very striking improvements have recent- 
 ly been made in the grounds contiguous to the 
 mansion, in the enlargement of the sheet of water 
 in front of the house, the conducting of a rivu- 
 let round the woods which environ the park, the 
 embellishment of the sides of the €arriage-road, 
 by plantations, the erection of a New Lodge, and 
 other effective alterations. A few more such 
 changes will contribute toward rendering Hack- 
 ness, Fairy Land, and this sweet vale a place of 
 enchantment. 
 
 "The high ground between Scarbrough and 
 Ayton, called Seamer-moor, and the moors which 
 
 * Lithographic views of the House and Church are pub- 
 lished, and may be had of the Booksellers of Scarbrough. 
 
106 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 extend westward to Lockton and Saltergate, 
 present many interesting objects to the eye of 
 the antiquary ; particularly camps, trenches, 
 houes, upright stones, and foundations of ancient 
 British dwellings. These hills are also interest- 
 ing to the naturalist, from their peculiar form ; 
 being all flat on the top, with steep but smooth 
 declivites on their northern fronts, descending 
 at the same angle. Some of these hills are 
 stretched out in oblong ridges, which when their 
 ends are presented to the spectator, have the ap- 
 pearance of haystacks. This is particularly the 
 case with Langdale End, and Blakey Topping; 
 to which we may add Oliver's Mount, near 
 Scarbrough."* 
 
 SCALBY 
 
 is a pleasant village, three miles from Scarbro', 
 to the north of the York road, and may be visited 
 either in the way to, or on the return from Hack- 
 ness. The situation of Scalby is more pleasant, 
 and its general appearance more inviting, than 
 many other villages of the country ; it being 
 
 * 
 
 Young's Picture of Whitby. 
 
SCARBROUGH. 107 
 
 agreeably dispersed ; not having too much of the 
 straight line, but presenting many rural devia- 
 tions, both as regards the buildings themselves 
 and their situation. At the west end of the vil- 
 lage, a road turns off which ultimately 
 " Descends into the opening glade" 
 
 of Hackness, so celebrated in this neighbourhood. 
 It may be considered a new road, having been 
 formed only about twenty-five years, by the late 
 Sir Richard Vanden Bempde Johnstone, Bart., 
 the proprietor of Hackness, at about £600 ex- 
 pense. 
 
 Near this turn to Hackness stands, upon a 
 gentle elevation, the Church, a very neat edifice, 
 with an embattled tower, which from several 
 points of view assimilates in a delightful manner 
 with the surrounding landscape.* The prospect 
 from the church-yard embraces an extent and 
 variety of objects, seldom realized without some 
 
 * A picturesque view of the Church of Scalby has been 
 published by C, R. Todd, Scarbrough, finely etched by Mr. 
 C. J. Smith, of London ; from a drawing by Mr. H. B. Carter, 
 of Scarbrough. 
 
 P 
 
108 S€ARBROUGH. 
 
 counteracting impression of dreariness and va- 
 cancy. In the landscape here presented, the eye 
 of taste is fully satisfied. The hills of Hackness, 
 especially one tabular projection, and the range 
 of RainclifF, form the boundaries of the horizon 
 on the right hand and on the left. These noble 
 eminences and slopes of every size and form, are 
 clothed with woods, in growth and quantity 
 most picturesque, and disposed with the best ef- 
 fect on the very points where we should most 
 desire them. 
 
 The small building near the church-yard gate 
 is a School-room, built by the Rev. C. A. Thur- 
 low, the late Vicar. 
 
 Times of Divine Service. — On Sunday morn- 
 ings in summer, service commences at half-past 
 ten ; and when in the afternoon, at lialf-past two. 
 In winter each service begins half an hour 
 earlier. 
 
 NEWBY 
 
 is a hamlet contiguous to, and in the parish of 
 Scalby. 
 
SCALBY MILL. 
 
 A branch of the Derwent, formed into a 
 canal, not navigable, passes the outskirts of Seal- 
 by, and winds its way to Scalby Mill, a celebrated 
 tea-house, for which too much cannot be said ; it is 
 romantically situated, commanding an excellent 
 view of the Ocean, Scarbro' Castle, &c. and the 
 visitant cannot spend an afternoon, more plea- 
 santly, or at less expense, than by visiting this 
 picturesque scene. Parties who wish it can have 
 their tea served in the alcoves. 
 
110 SCARBROUGH 
 
 A road opposite Newby, to the south, leads to 
 RainclifF, in every respect the most extensive 
 wood in the neighbourhood of Scarbro'. Through 
 it, in the warmer seasons of the year, may be 
 taken one of the most delightful rides that this 
 country affords. The wood is entered by a gate 
 on the right hand of the lane, which may be fol- 
 lowed along the bottom of the hill, and will con- 
 duct strangers either to Hackness by way of 
 Everley, or through the Forge-valley to Ay ton, 
 and thus returning to Scarbrough by the York 
 road. The variety of ground passed through in 
 making this agreeable tour is abundant in diversi- 
 fied sylvan scenery. The succession of very 
 dissimilar, but well contrasted scenes, almost 
 every one beautiful in its kind, may, combining 
 the effect of the whole, scarcely be rivalled 
 within so small a compass. The river Derwent 
 overhung with branching shrubs, and spiry 
 alders, sweeps its winding course, rippling along 
 at the foot of lofty eminences, thickly planted 
 with trees. The river afterwards spreads a broader 
 stream, meandering through more open ground, 
 toward the picturesque village of Ayton, adorned 
 by a handsome modern bridge, near to which 
 
SCARBROUGH. Ill 
 
 are the remains of an ancient mansion, all so 
 happily situated, as if designed in succession to 
 surprise and gratify the eye of the visitant. 
 
 BURNISTON 
 
 is the first village on the road to Whitby, about 
 four miles from Scarbrough, and is attached to 
 the parish of Scalby. 
 
 CLOUGHTON, 
 
 five miles distant from Scarbrough, on the Whit- 
 by road, is, likewise, in the parish of Scalby. 
 The roof of the small chapel of ease here, in 
 November, 1831, fell in, and the building al- 
 together being in a dangerous state, it was found 
 necessary to rebuild the sacred edifice; according- 
 ly in January, 1832, the Rev. C. A. Thurlow, laid 
 the first stone of a new and larger chapel, which 
 was opened in the summer. The Vicar of Scalby 
 performs Divine Worship here, at those times 
 when he does not officiate at Scalby. 
 
 Quarry .-In this township is a celebrated Quarry 
 
112 SCARBROLGH. 
 
 of free-stone, whence Scarbrougb Castle is said 
 to have been built, and with which durable stone 
 Belvoir-Terrace, &c, forming a portion of the 
 Crescent buildings at Scarbrough, have been 
 erected. 
 
 f* At Cloughton-wyke is a petrifying spring, 
 whence remarkably fine specimens of incrusted 
 moss, twigs, &c. may be obtained. 
 
 ANCIENT BRITISH VILLAGE, 
 NEAR CLOUGHTON. 
 
 Mr. Knox's Map of the Environs of Scarbro', 
 by pointing out some considerable foundations 
 near Cloughton, excited much interest, which 
 occasioned the spot to be investigated in the 
 autumn of 1828, and an interesting letter, 
 developing the plan, and containing the result 
 of the discoveries made, was addressed to John 
 Tindall, Esq., Banker, Scarbrough. 
 
 Little doubt is left on the mind that these 
 foundations have been a settlement, or town, of 
 the ancient Britons ; connected, as they certain- 
 
S€ARBROUGH. 113 
 
 ly are, by track-ways, or roads, to other remains 
 of acknowledged high antiquity, at no great dis- 
 tance on the moors. The situation, although not 
 greatly elevated, commands an extensive and 
 beautiful prospect. 
 
 Stone celts have been found on the moors 
 near this place ; a fine large one being now in 
 the possession of Mr. T, Pickering, who had, till 
 lately, much to his credit, preserved the remains of 
 a small British urn, found in the Tumulus, near 
 Ringing Keld. A quern, or ancient mill stone, 
 was also ploughed up in this neighbourhood. 
 
 HAYBURN WYKE 
 
 possesses a picturesque wood, and under the 
 luxuriant branches of oak, ash, birch, pine, &c, 
 numerous forest- walks have been formed, on 
 which are placed in various appropriate situa- 
 tions rustic temples, summer houses, huts, &c, ; 
 and at different openings are discovered beauti- 
 ful cascades, forming in conjunction, a scene of 
 varied richness and beauty. It is the property 
 of Mis. Woodall, of Scarbrough. 
 
114 SC&RBROUGH. 
 
 AT ROBIN HOODS BAY 
 
 is a small fishing town, about thirteen miles north 
 from Scarb rough, and is frequently visited by- 
 strangers on account of its peculiarly romantic 
 situation, and grotesque appearance, the houses 
 being strangely scattered over the face of a steep 
 cliff. About a mile from the village are situated 
 the celebrated alum works, the operations of 
 which are at present suspended. The road 
 to Robin Hood's Bay turns off from the moors, 
 or high Whitby road, about five miles from 
 the half-way house between Scarbrough and 
 Whitby ; but the descent into the vale is very 
 inconvenient for a carriage, the road being 
 irregular and steep. 
 
 In the event of a party visiting the place in a 
 carriage, we by all means advise the com- 
 pany to walk down the valley, on quitting the 
 Whitby road, for the distance of a mile or two, 
 and to leave the carriage, on its arrival, at the 
 entrance of the village, called Robin Hood's Town; 
 a person possessing a field, being generally in 
 readiness to take charge of the carriage and 
 horses; as the descent into the village is so pre- 
 
SCARBROUGH. 115 
 
 cipitous, as to render it extremely dangerous for 
 any vehicle to proceed farther than the brow of 
 
 the hill. 
 
 FILEY, 
 formerly a mere fishing town, has now acquired 
 some celebrity as a watering-place ; it is distant 
 eight miles south from Scarbrough. The situa- 
 tion of Filey is bold and romantic, being elevated 
 upon the Cliffs, nearly in the centre of a spacious 
 bay, whose terminations are on the south, by the 
 vast promontory, Flamborough Head, and on the 
 north by the remarkable ridge of rocks, which 
 
 ' lacks a parallel' 
 on the English coasts, emphatically denominated 
 Filey Bridge, ranging about half a mile into the 
 sea. At the time of high- water this vast mole 
 is overflowed ; but when the tide is down, it 
 may be paced to its extremity, whence noble 
 views of Scarbrough-castle on the north, and 
 Flamboro' Head, on the south, offer themselves 
 romantically to the sight. The sandy beach of 
 Filey is particularly fine, being firm and smooth 
 for five miles in extent. After storms, the species 
 of shells, corallines, &c. deposited upon the coast, 
 particularly in the bay, are remarkably numerous, 
 
116 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 Fishery is pursued at Filey with much spirit ; 
 the lobsters caught here are considered particu- 
 larly excellent. Bathing is practiced here, there 
 being several machines kept. Baths have been 
 erected near the beach. The Spa is situated 
 about a quarter of a mile to the N. E. of the 
 village; "the water contains/' according to 
 Munro, " besides iron, a considerable portion of 
 sea salt, some Epsom salt, calcareous earth, and 
 probably much fixed air." The population of Filey 
 is about 800. A Free Library lias be 
 lished here by Miss Walker. The Hotel, kept 
 by Mrs. Foord, is a very respectable Inn. 
 
 HUNMAXBY, 
 
 about the midway between Scarbrough and 
 Bridlington, is well built and pleasantly situ- 
 ated, being surrounded by 6,000 acres of fertile 
 land, and adorned by a considerable quantity of 
 ornamental wood, chiefly growing on an elevated 
 site, called the Castle-hill, where are still to be 
 traced the foundations of an ancient fortress. 
 From this place the ground slopes, with a regular 
 and almost imperceptible descent, toward the 
 beautiful and picturesque bay of Filey. 
 
Ik 
 
SCARBROUGH. 119 
 
 In the Church is a sumptuous monument, 
 commemorating such of the Osbaldeston family, 
 who died in the eighteenth century- Over the 
 central arches of the Church are emblazoned, in 
 twelve distinct shields, the armorial bearings, 
 subscribed with the names of the ancient lords 
 of the place. The vicarage-house, which stands 
 near the Church, has been greatly improved and 
 embellished by the present incumbent, the Rev. 
 Francis Wrangham, M. A. F. R. S. &c, &c. 
 
 Bertram Mitford Osbaldeston Mitford,Esq.,the 
 Proprietor of the Lordship, has a seat here. It is 
 not, however, a conspicuous object from the road, 
 being walled round, and shaded by aged trees. 
 At the extremity of the village towards Brid- 
 lington, is a gothic entrance-lodge, in imitation 
 of a ruined abbey, which has a very striking 
 effect. - 4 
 
 FLAMBOROUGH CLIFFS. 
 
 The Cliffs of Flamborough, about eighteen 
 miles distant from Scarbrough, are well worth 
 inspecting : " they are of amazing grandeur and 
 
120 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 a tremendous height, from one hundred to a 
 hundred and fifty yards perpendicular. They 
 are composed of a mouldering limestone rock, of 
 snowy whiteness, covered and adorned with an 
 astonishing number of birds, remarkable for the 
 variety and brilliancy of their plumage. From 
 the latter end of April to the beginning of August, 
 myriads resort thither, to build their pensile nests, 
 and trust their eggs and tender offspring to the 
 exposed and dangerous security of broken rocks, 
 and projecting ledges. 
 
 ,f At the foot of the Cliffs, are some extensive 
 Caverns, formed either by the restless turbulence 
 of the ocean, gradually and imperceptibly exca- 
 vating the solid rock, or by some unknow n cause 
 of distant origin. There are three, which exceed 
 the others in extent and curiosity. The principal 
 is Robin LytKs Hole, which surpasses the rest in 
 extent of dimensions. It has two openings, one 
 communicating with the land, the other with the 
 sea. The former is low and narrow, giving solemn 
 admission into the cavern, which, at the first en- 
 trance, is surrounded with a tenebrious gloom ; 
 but the darkness gradually dispersing, the mag- 
 
SCARBROUGH. 121 
 
 nificence becomes unfolded, and excites the 
 admiration of the exploring stranger. The floor 
 is a solid rock, formed into broad steps of an 
 easy descent, and the stones, at the sides, are 
 curiously variegated. The roof is finely arched, 
 and nearly fifty feet high at the centre. The 
 many projecting ledges and fragments of sus- 
 pended rocks, joined to the great elevation, give 
 it an awful, and, at the same time, a majestic 
 appearance; and when looking upward to survey 
 the lofty arch, and reflect upon the superincum- 
 bent mass sustained by it, there is a difficulty in 
 suppressing those ideas of danger which intrude 
 upon such an occasion. 
 
 Near Flamborough is situated the celebrated 
 Light-House, which, from its elevated situation, 
 may be seen at at a great distance. The interior 
 may be viewed %i application. 
 
 From Flamborough, an excursion to the 
 church of Bridlington should be made, which 
 presents interesting specimens of the architecture 
 of various periods ; for a minute description of 
 
122 SCAJtBROUGH. 
 
 which, and several antiquities connected with | 
 this edifice, we refer our readers to Prickett's 
 Architectural Description of Bridlington Priory 
 Church, and Poulson's History of Holderness. 
 
 In the church-yard at Rudston, a village five 
 miles west from Bridlington, "is an obelisk 
 highly worthy the attention of the antiquary." 
 It consists of one entire and immensely large 
 stone, of itself a curiosity ; the erection of which 
 has been ascribed to the Druids, the Romans, &c. ; 
 and as no description can present an adequate 
 idea of its magnitude and effects, combined with 
 the adjacent scenery, we earnestly recommend a 
 visit to the original, which is a venerable object 
 of antiquity. 
 
 PICKERING, 
 
 which is eighteen miles distant Trom Scarbrough, 
 lies in the road to Kirby Moor-side and Dun- 
 combe Park, and wa3 formerly the chief town of 
 the district, and once sent two members to Par- 
 liament. It is situated is upon a pleasant eminence. 
 The castle at present is in a very ruinous state ; 
 
SCARBROUGH. 123 
 
 but not many years since, some of the towers had 
 wooden floors entire, and doors to the dungeons. 
 The castle-hill commands a charming view of the 
 vale of Pickering, which is celebrated for its 
 fertility. 
 
 The railroad from Pickering to Whitby affords 
 excellent accommodation for passengers. 
 
 Coaches for a party of not less than eight, and 
 trucks for the conveyance of carriages may be 
 had at any time, either at Whitby or Pickering ; 
 and even a single individual will find the en- 
 gaging of a railway carriage to himself, less ex- 
 pensive than a post chaise. 
 
 WHITBY, 
 
 A delightful excursion may be made from 
 Pickering to Whitby by the railway. It is atownof 
 some importance^where ship-building is carried 
 on to a considerable extent, but our limits will 
 not allow us to enter into any full description. 
 
 KIRBY MOOR-SIDE 
 
 is a market town situated near the river Rye. It 
 
 R 
 
124 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 was originally called Kirkby, and received the 
 additional epithet Moor-side, from its situation on 
 the side of Blackmoor. It is distant from Scar- 
 brough about twenty-six miles. Kirby Moor-side 
 and Helmsley (including Duncombe Park) were 
 part of the extensive possessions of VUliers, Duke 
 of Buckingham, who was killed by Felton. 
 
 The house in which the succeeding Duke ex- 
 pired is situated in the Market-place. During 
 the summer-season it is much visited by the 
 curious. 
 
 On the road from Kirkby Moor-side to Helms- 
 ley, and Duncombe Park, is the celebrated 
 
 KIRKDALE CAVERN, 
 
 of the discovery of which, we extract the following 
 from Young and Bird's " Geological survey of 
 the Yorkshire Coast." 
 
 * The labourers at the quarry of stone for 
 repairing roads at Kirkdale, having removed the 
 alluvium from above a fresh piece of this rock, 
 in the north part of the quarry, and wrought this 
 
SCARBROUGH. 125 
 
 rock downward for a few feet, discovered, in 
 July 1821, a cavern running horizontally from 
 the slope of the bank eastward, and then making 
 a turn to the north east. 
 
 " The operations of the workmen laid open 
 that part of the cave which extended from the 
 bank to the remarkable turn now mentioned, a 
 distance of forty-six feet. The aperture toward 
 the slope was nearly square, being about two feet 
 each way ; but it became considerably wider to- 
 toward the turn, and a little higher. The stratum 
 forming the floor was flat and unbroken, and was 
 thickly covered with bones and teeth, not- lying 
 in distinct skeletons, but strewed about in the 
 greatest confusion, and mixed with a soft marly 
 earth, apparently resulting from the decom- 
 position of bones. The bones had scarcely any 
 appearance of being water- worn ; a few of them 
 were tolerably entire, but the greater part con- 
 sisted of broken fragments of leg bones, thigh 
 bones, jaw bones, &c. ; and many of them were 
 greatly decomposed, being nearly in the state of 
 phosphate of lime, and ready to crumble into 
 powder. The teeth were found, partly in the 
 
126 SCARBROUGH. 
 
 fragments of the jaws, and partly detached. 
 The quantity of bones in this part of the cavern, 
 was reckoned to exceed a cart load. The roof and 
 sides of the cavern were, in many places,incrusted 
 with stalactites, masses of which were also mixed 
 with the bones."f 
 
 At a short distance from this cave, is Kirkdale 
 Church, situate in a fine romantic valley, and 
 celebrated for a dial, bearing a very ancient 
 inscription, at a date, before the Norman Con- 
 quest. % 
 
 HELMSLEY, 
 
 the property of Lord Feversham, is an ancient 
 market town, in a pleasant situation, on the banks 
 of the river Rye, six miles from Kirby Moor-side. 
 The cultivated part of the country contiguous to 
 it, is fertile, and abounds with venerable woods ; 
 but, at a distance, the barren moors appeal in 
 view. 
 
 f Professor Buckland, P. G.S., published a very into 
 volume on the subject of this cavern, and the remain* 
 in it. 
 
 % See' a description of Duncombe Park, Rievaux A1 
 &c, price 2s. 6d., and Eastmead's Bittoria RUvattt i -. 9 
 
SCARBROUGH. 127 
 
 The remains of the castle are grand and im- 
 posing, consisting of a lofty tower ; and some 
 other detached broken parts, with a noble gate- 
 way, situated upon an eminence, surrounded 
 with a double moat. The tower, in conjunction 
 with the rich woodland scenery around, forms a 
 prominent and most interesting object from the 
 exquisite terrace belonging to Buncombe Park* 
 
 Visitants will find excellent accommodation at 
 the New Inn, at Helmsley, from which place the 
 road" 34 is usually taken to 
 
 RIEVAUX ABBEY, 
 
 a stately vestige of antiquity, situated in a plea- 
 sant vale, about three miles from Buncombe Park. 
 
 *• Parties generally take their vehicle to the Abbey, 
 whence they walk to Duncombe Park along the fine terrace^ 
 called the Bank Top, which is near the ruins of the Abbey, and 
 return thro' the Park to Helmsley, in which course the remains 
 of the Castle will meet the eye, and call for minute examina- 
 tion. Those who can spare time, should contrive to devote 
 two days to the excursion, sleeping the first night at Kirby- 
 moorside, or at Helmsley, and proceeding the next morning 
 to inspect these majestic and enchanting scenes. 
 
128 SCARBROUGH 
 
 The vestiges, yet standing, are noble, and prove the 
 abbey to have been of great extent. The situa- 
 tion is not to be surpassed in picturesque beauty. 
 At a little distance from the ruins, are the 
 gardener's apartments, whence there is a steep 
 and winding path ascending to a charming 
 terrace, which overlooksthe whole, and commands 
 the most beautiful and diversified prospects. At 
 one end is an elegant pavilion ornamented with 
 paintings ; at the other a handsome circular 
 temple, whence appears an extensive valley, 
 richly adorned with wood and water. The north 
 side of the terrace is defended by a thick plan- 
 tation of firs, and the slopes are covered with a 
 variety of trees and shrubs. Indeed the scenery 
 is beyond description fascinating. 
 
 BUNCOMBE PARK, 
 
 the seat of Lord Feversham, is about two miles 
 from Helmsley. The house is a fine building 
 designed by Sir John Yanbrugh. In the Hall, a 
 noble room, sixty feet long and forty wide, sur- 
 rounded with fourteen large Corinthian pillars of 
 stone, is that invaluable piece of sculpture, the 
 
SCARBROUGH. 129 
 
 Dog of Alcibiades, the performance of the cele- 
 brated Myron, and the famous statue of the 
 Discobulus, which is esteemed the first statue in 
 England. The saloon, in spirit with the laudable 
 fashion of the times, has been converted into a 
 library. The collection of paintings, though not 
 very numerous, is extremely capital and choice. 
 
 We must not fail to notice to the traveller, 
 that Byland Abbey, an interesting ruin, is only 
 about four miles from Rievaux Abbey. 
 
 CASTLE-HOWARD, 
 
 the seat of the Earl of Carlisle, six miles to the 
 west of Malton,* (which place is distant twenty- 
 two miles from Scarbrough,) stands upon a 
 beautiful eminence in view of the York road, and 
 is esteemed one of the noblest mansions in this 
 country. -It was built from a design by Sir John 
 Vanbrugh. The large and princely collection of 
 
 The York Coach might be taken in the morning at 
 seven for Malton, where, at the Talbot Inn, are good accom- 
 modations, and there would be sufficient time to inspect the 
 house, and return to Malton to meet the Coach about three 
 ft. M. for Scarbrough. 
 
133 SCARB ROUGH. 
 
 antique busts, statues, marbles, urns, and paint- 
 ings, with which this mansion is enriched, affords 
 a high gratification to the admirers of the tine 
 arts, while the liberality of the noble proprietor 
 entitles him to the praise and gratitude of the 
 public for allowing them to participate in the 
 pleasures arising from such a repository of taste. 
 
 An enumeration of the whole of the paintings 
 here would be too extensive for insertion : a 
 selection only will, therefore, be introduced. 
 The three of the greatest reputation, formed a 
 a part of the Orleans Collection. The most 
 celebrated picture is that of the Three Maries , by 
 Annibal Caracci. 
 
 In this astonishing effort of art all the excel- 
 lencies of painting are united. With respect to the 
 reputed value of this extraordinary performance, 
 it has been alleged that the court of Spain pro- 
 posed to cover it with louis-d'ors, and that this 
 would have amounted to eight thousand. 
 
 The following should be particularly noticed : 
 
 i 
 
SCARBROUGH- 131 
 
 The Entombing of Christ — Ludovico Caracci; 
 The Finding of Moses — Don Diego Velasquez ^ 
 Adoration of our Saviour by the Wise Men — - 
 Mabuse; The Portrait of Snyders — Vandyck; 
 Herodias with the Head of John the Baptist in a 
 Charger — Rubens ; The Circumcision — Giovanni 
 Bellani; Isaac going to be sacrificed — Rembrandt;: 
 Saint John the Evangelist — Dominichino ; Por- 
 trait of Omai — Sir Joshua Renyolds. 
 
 The Park is enriched with several ornamental 
 buildings, viz. : a beautiful Mausoleum, an Ionic 
 Temple, a stately Obelisk, &c. 
 
 A View of this Mansion from a drawing by 
 J. Jackson, R. A. is published. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 ARTISTS. 
 
 Baynes, Mr. M., Jim., portrait and animal 
 painter, has a small exhibition of pictures, and 
 teaches Drawing. He resides on Palace-Hill. 
 
 Carter, Mr. H.B., (late of London,) Exhibitor 
 at the Royal Academy, British Institution &c. 
 resides in Queen-street. He excels in Water- 
 colour drawings of coast scenery, &c, and gives 
 instruction in oil and water-colour painting. 
 Works of art may be seen at any time, at his 
 house. 
 
 Hartley, Mr., Huntriss' Row, has been a re- 
 spectable teacher of Drawing at Scarbrough for 
 a great number of years. 
 
 Harrison, Mr., a young Artist of considerable 
 
APPENDIX. 133 
 
 ability in portrait painting. Specimens may be 
 seen at his residence in Long-west-gate. 
 
 CARRIERS. 
 
 To Hull ; John Bell, Cross-Street ; starts on 
 Mondays from Queen-street, and returns on 
 Wednesdays. On Thursdays from Cross-street; 
 and returns on Saturday mornings. 
 
 To Whitby ; William Cooper ; starts on 
 Thursday mornings, and returns on Saturdays. 
 
 To York ; Michael Walker, Long-room-st.; 
 starts on Mondays at noon, and returns on Wed- 
 nesdays. Starts on Thursdays, and returns on 
 Saturdays. 
 
 Thomas Swaby, Queen-street; starts on 
 Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday evenings at 
 six o'clock. 
 
 To Bridlington ; Robert Elliot; starts on 
 Tuesdays and Fridays, at nine o'clock in the 
 morning, from the Star Inn, King-street. 
 
134 APPENDIX. 
 
 CARRIAGES, HORSES, GIGS, &c 
 
 let for hire 
 
 by Mr. Mark Dove, Tanner-street; Mr. Joseph 
 Jackson, ditto ; Mr. Peacock, Queen-street ; Mr, 
 R. Dove, Sand-side; Mr. T. Mosey, ditto; and 
 Mr. Woods, Princess' Street. 
 
 Ladies' and Gentlemen's Horses, &c., by the 
 day or hour. 
 
 Mr. Coulson, Long- room-street, has a neat 
 Barouche for hire. 
 
 COACHES. 
 
 To Hull ; The Royal Mail leaves the Coach- 
 office next the George Inn, Newbro'-street, every 
 morning at ten, and returns to the Talbot Inn, 
 Queen-street, at half-past three in the afternoon. 
 
 The Wellington leaves the Royal Mail and 
 General Coach-office, every morning (Sundays 
 excepted,) at eight o'clock. 
 
 To Whitby ; The Royal Union leaves the 
 General Coach-office at five in the evening 
 
APPENDIX. 135 
 
 To York ; The Royal Mail at one o'clock 
 in the afternoon, from the General Coach-office, 
 Newbrough-street. 
 
 The Prince Blucher, at seven o'clock every 
 morning (Sundays excepted) from the Coach- 
 office, Newbro'-street, and returns to the Talbot 
 Inn. 
 
 The True Blue, at eight every morning (Sun- 
 days excepted,) from the General Coach-office, 
 and returns to the Bull and Bell, alternate 
 weeks. 
 
 The Regulator, leaves the Blacksmiths' Arms 
 and London Inn, every morning (Sundays ex- 
 cepted,) at ten o'clock. 
 
 DANCING. 
 
 Mr. Allan, of York, attends Miss Irvin's 
 Academy every fortnight. 
 
 HOTELS AND PRINCIPAL INNS. 
 
 Reed's Hotel, Long-room-street ; Houson s 
 Hotel, Without the Bar ; and Towers's Hotel, 
 Huntriss' Row. The Bell Inn, Bland's Cliff; 
 the Blacksmiths' Arms, and the Talbot, Queen- 
 
136 APPENDIX. 
 
 street ; George Inn, New Inn, and London Inn, 
 Ne wbro u gh-street. 
 
 Most of the above are posting houses : besides 
 these, there are several other inns of respectability. 
 
 LODGINGS. 
 
 The Cliff-lodgings, Belvoir Terrace, and the 
 Crescent, hold the first place in point of situa- 
 tion, style, and prospect: the houses of Mrs. 
 Edmond, Mr. Hopper, and Mr. Webb, on Pros- 
 pect-place ; the Marine-houses, at the foot of the 
 News-room steps, the houses on the cliff ascend- 
 ing these steps, and those on Brunswick-Ter- 
 race, Albion-Place, and Vernon-Place, also boast 
 their sea-prospects. They are in general clean, 
 airy, and furnished in good style, The cliff 
 houses, &c, are usually engaged by the week ; 
 but there is a customary charge of twelve shil- 
 lings per week, for each room, in different parts of 
 the town. Linen is furnished, but for washing it, is 
 an extra charge. Mrs. Blanchard, Mrs Coverley, 
 Miss Robinson, and Mrs, Towers, in Huntriss' 
 Row; Miss Banks and Mrs. Woodall, Merchants' 
 
APPENDIX. 137 
 
 Row ; and Mr. Cooper, on the sands ; are 
 directors of the Boarding-houses, and furnish a 
 daily table for the accommodation of their re- 
 spective Lodgers. Besides these, there are 
 ordinaries at the different inns, from which, or 
 from the boarding-houses, dinners are sent to all- 
 parts of the town at varied rates, according to 
 the articles ordered ; the lowest prioe being 2s. 
 
 PHYSICIANS. 
 
 Murray, Peter, Esq., Belle Vue, (Retired from 
 
 general practice.) 
 Kelk, John, Esq., Brunswick Terrace. 
 Hulme, , Esq., Granby Place. 
 
 SURGEONS AND GENERAL 
 PRACTITIONERS. 
 
 Travis, William, M.D., and Dunn, Mr., New- 
 
 brough-street. 
 Harland, William, M. D., and Easton, Mr. 
 
 Alexander, Newbrough-street, 
 Weddell, Mr. Thomas, and Hopper, Mr. George, 
 
 Queen-street. 
 Wilson, Mr. William, Newbrough-street. 
 Rennison, Mr. Robert, and Cross, Mr., Cliff and 
 
 Carr-street 
 
133 APPENDIX. 
 
 TEACHERS OP MUSIC. 
 Hartley, Mr., Huntriss' Row. 
 Wilson, Mr. W., (Organist of St. Mary's and 
 
 Christ Church,} Wellington Place. 
 Crawford, Miss, (Organist of the Roman 
 
 Catholic Chapel,) Cliff. 
 Todd, Mr. C, R., Tanner-street. 
 Peckett, Mr. A., Toller-gate. 
 
 STEAM PACKETS. 
 
 There are several Steam Packets which ply 
 between London and Edinburgh, and which pass 
 Scarbrough, three or four days in a week, where 
 they take on board passengers for those places. 
 
 Besides these Edinburgh Packets, are several 
 smaller ones, which ply between Hull and New- 
 castle, calling off Scarbro' (weather permitting). 
 
 PIANO-FORTES 
 
 are let by 
 
 Hartley, Mr. 3, Huntriss' Row. 
 Wilson, Mr. W., Wellington Place. 
 Todd, Mr. C. R., 1, Tanner-street. 
 
SCARBROUGH. 139 
 
 CHEMISTS AND DRUGGISTS. 
 
 Champley. Mr J., 71, Newbrough-street. 
 
 Fox, Mr. J. T., 52, ditto 
 
 Ireland; Mr. G., 16, ditto. 
 
 Porrett, Mr. G., 64, ditto. 
 
 Rooke, Mr. C, Globe-street. 
 
 Buckoll, Mr. W. C, 26, Huntriss' Row. 
 
 Weigbtman, Mr. W. 20, Newbrough-street 
 
 THE POST-OFFICE 
 
 Is situated at No* 50, Newbrough Street. 
 
 Arrivals. — From London and the south, 
 and from York and the North generally at twenty 
 minutes past twelve o'clock at noon : from Hull, 
 and the south-east line, at half-past three in the 
 afternoon. 
 
 The Letter-Box is closed at ten minutes be- 
 fore twelve o'clock at noon, the fee on late letters 
 one penny until twenty minutes past twelve, and 
 two-pence from that time until the despatch of 
 the London and York Mail. 
 
 Departures. — For Hull, at ten o'clock in 
 the morning; and to London, York, Leeds, the 
 
140 APPENDIX. 
 
 North and Western parts of the Kingdom, &c, 
 at one o'clock in the day. 
 
 The delivery of Letters from York, the West, 
 the North, Ireland and Scotland, and from Lon- 
 don, by York, an hour after the arrival of the 
 York Mail ; those from Bridlington, Beverley, 
 Driffield, Hull, Lincoln, Norfolk, &c. at half an 
 hour after the arrival of the latter. 
 
 WESLEYAN CENTENARY CHAPEL. 
 
 This new Chapel was opened in the Summer 
 of 1840, it is situated in the centre of Queen- 
 Street, and will accommodate 2000 persons. — 
 For times of meeting, see page 27. 
 
 ST. THOMAS'S CHAPEL. 
 
 This Chapel is situated in East-sand-gate, 
 and will accommodate about 600 persons. 
 Service is performed on the morning and evening 
 of Sabbath Day by either the Vicar or one of his 
 Curates. 
 
 SCARBROUGH : PRINTED BY C. R. TODD. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Sketch of the History of Scarbrough, . • . . 3 
 
 Castle, 7 
 
 Convents, Churches, Chapels, &c, . . . . 16 
 
 St. Mary's Church, 17 
 
 Christ Church, 22 
 
 Independent Chapel ; or, Old Meeting House, 24 
 
 Baptists' Chapel, 25 
 
 Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, 140 
 
 Friends' Meeting-House, 27 
 
 Roman Catholic Chapel, 27 
 
 Primitive Methodist Chapel, 28 
 
 Tabernacle, .. 28 
 
 Bethel, f, ., 29 
 
 Charitable Institutions, &c, .. .. .. 31 
 
 Amicable Society, 32 
 
 Lancasterian Schools, . . . . • • 33 
 
 Infant Schools, , . 34 
 
 National Schools, ,, %b 9 
 
TAGE. 
 
 ^Seamen's Hospital, ... -. ... .. ib. 
 
 Sea-Bathing Infirmary, . . . . . . 35 
 
 Humane Society, . . . . . . ... 36 
 
 Life Boat, . . 37 
 
 Corporation, &c, . . .. .. .. .. ib. 
 
 Trade, ... .. .. ... ., .. 39 
 
 Places conducive to Health, Instruction, and Amusement. 
 
 Scarbrough Cliff Bridge, 41 
 
 The Spa, 46 
 
 • Mineral Waters, . . . . . . . . 50 
 
 Museum, . . . . 64 
 
 The Museum of W. Bean, Esq., < . . . 67 
 
 Theatre, .. 68 
 
 Town-Hall, 69 
 
 Travis's Baths, .. 70 
 
 Harland's ditto, .- 71 
 
 Warm and Shower Baths, near the Pier, . . 72 
 
 Champley's Baths, .. ib. 
 
 Vickerman's ditto, 73 
 
 Town News-Room and Library, . . . . ib. 
 
 Circulating Libraries, .. .. <• 74 
 
 Shops, c .. .. 75 
 
 Customs, e &* 
 
PAGE. 
 
 ^Bathing, .. .. 76 
 
 Amusements, . . 73 
 
 Walks in the Immediate Vicinity of Scarbrough, . . 86 
 
 Quaker's Retreat, . . .. 87 
 
 Carnelian Bay, . . .. .-. .. 88 
 
 Dayton-Cliff Mill, .. .. .. .... 89 
 
 Oliver's Mount, . . .... ... . . ib. 
 
 Mere Tea Gardens, .. .. .. .„ 91 
 
 Elevated Walk on the South Cliff, ... ... 92 
 
 Barrow-Cliff Plantation, ... .. .. ib. 
 
 Mr. Dunwell's, late Pearson's Public Gardens, 
 
 Falsgrave, . . * . . . . . 93 
 
 Brunswick-Crescent, . . . . . . . . 95 
 
 Hunting, Shooting, Coursing, Fishing, &c, . . ib. 
 
 Antiquities, ..... .. .. .. .. ... 97 
 
 Fish brought to Scarbrough Market, . . . . 98 
 
 Markets, .. .. ib. 
 
 Truit, ... ... 99 
 
 The Environs of Scarbrough. 
 
 Hackness, 100 
 
 Scalby, ... .. .. .. .. 106 
 
 Newby, ,.108 
 
 Scalby Mill, .. .. .. M .. 1CS 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS { 
 
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