!()()1;LC J 6 3 HRKSKXTKII I'.Y , /, GENERAL PHILIP REED -ANI>- CAULK^S FIELD. CEREMONIES ATTENDING THE UNVEILING -OF'.A^ BATTLE-MARKER ON CAULK'S FIELD, AND A SLAB -AT- GENERAL REED'S GRAVE. / GENERAL PHILIP REED, OF KENT, Warrior and Statesman. General Philip Reed and Caulk's Field o » ' MEMORIAL. REPORT OF THE REMARKS -OF- REV. CHRISTOPHER T. DENROCHE -AND- CAPTAIN COLUMBMS A. LEARY ; Also the Historical Address on that occasion of HON. WILLIAM M^ MARINE, AND THE REMARKS OF A K. HADEL, M. I).. AT THE Ceremonies A ttending the Unmiling of a Stone to Marie the CauW s Field Battle Ground, in Kent County, Ilaryland, held on the Field, Saturday. October 18, 1902. ,# f-^ /:% \ ^ • c * b « INTRODUCTORY. The slaf. over the grave of General Philip Reed, being placed in position by the Ganlt lirm of Balti- more, and the granite stone by the Lackenmayer marble establishment of that city, on the Can Ik farm battle field, the 18th of October, 1902, was set apart by the committee of arrangements, for the ceremonial services, to take place at 1.30 o'clock p. m. President W. C. Eliason of the Tolchester Steam- boat Company, facilitated the transjjortation of gnests from the city of Baltimore. A threatening morning prevented a laiger attendance than arrived. Eighteen persons, however, were present, mostly from the patriotic societies of the American Revolntion and the Society of the AVar of 1812. From that society were Hon. A. Leo Knott and Dr. A. K. Hadel. Mr. Charles Steiff, of Baltimore, and Henry B. Leary, of Washington, were representatives of the commei-cial interests ; Miss Alice L. Crane, a great-grand-niece of General Philip Reed, and Mrs. Thomas Hill, President of Baltimore Chai)ter Danghters of the Americnn Revolntion. The neighbors responded generonsly with tlieir carriages, so that there was no lack of transi)ortati<)n 2:Ja'03 GENERAL PHILIP REED. 3 from Tolcliester to the battle ground. When the steamer Kitty Knight (an appropriate name) arrived, tlie guests were met by the Rev. Mr. Denroche, C. C. Hopper and W. M. Marine, of the eomniittee, accom- panied by Mr. Thomas Hill, who looked after secur- ing and handing over to tlie neighbors tlie guests for conveyance to the battle ground. They were taken to the old Caulk House, on the farm on which the battle was fought, where they were received by Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Hill. Under the supervision of Mrs. Hill, a luncheon was immediately served, and hot coffee, oysters, ham, bi'ead and other palatable dishes were enjoyed. By a few minutes of 2 o'clock the stand was reached bv the guests. It had been constructed hy Captain Leary, who had also erected two flag poles. Around the stand anf^^- C A. Leary, Col. Wm. M. Marine, Col. Win. J. Yannort, C. C. Hopjjer and the Rev. C. T. Denroche were made a special commit- tee on the "Battle-marker" monnment for Caulk's Field, Captain Leary to be chairman of that commit- tee. Other gentlemen were placed upon the general committee as follows : Messrs. Ed. T. Tnbbs, of Den- ton, Md.; Fred. G. Usilton, L. B. Russell, the Revs. D. L. Greentield, E. P. Roberts, James L. McSweeney, Dr. Henry B. Martin, all of Chestertown, Md.>, and the vestrymen of I. U. paiish. To all of these thanks are due for the parts they took in this happily conceived and humbly carried out loyal and patriotic movement. Previous to this, five hundred pamphlets, written by myself, giving a history of General Philip Reed's life and accomplishments, had been mailed to every- one who could be supposed interested, with a view of obtaining subscriptions. Various contributions were made, among which were fifty dollars from the Baltimore Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, a society widely known for liberality and staunch loyalty. Colonel Wm. M. Marine, an ardent lover of the per- petuation of his country's history, handed in a large amount collected by himself, and also a sum from the Society of the War of 1812. It is to his hearty interest, patriotic zeal and untiring energy that Kent county owes, m a large measure, the honor of having this stone memorial of the Battle of Caulk's Field erected. Through Captain Columbus A. Leary, whose loving interest and unllagging work in the cause has been second to none, each and every patriotic society in GENERAL PHILIP REED, 1] Rock Hall, Kent county, Md., contributed with large, cheerful and loyal generosity. The gifts of all the other subscribers were made, as were those previously mentioned, with a commendable liberality. Tlie Sons of the American Society of the Revolution kindly remembered us : and Mr, John M. Dulaney, president of the Society of the Descendants of the War of 1812, is entitled to our acknowdedgements for his able inter- est in behalf of the movement. All these have our heartfelt thanks. I desire' to render sincere thanks in yet another quarter, namely, to our good and faithful secretary, Mr. Charles C. Hopper, for the wise counsels and able nmnner with which he has forwarded this movement from first to last ; his office and time and labor have always been at our disposal, with glad alacrity. To the " Kent News" and to the ''Transcript," of Chestertown, and to the Baltimore newspapers, we are under manifest obligations. In this way we have been able to erect a practi- cally indestructible, though modest Battle-marker, on this, the very lield of tlie intrepid and loyal and imperishable exploit of General Philip Reed and his brave followers in gaining a victory at once eminently creditable to themselves, and vastly important to the welfare of our glorious and much-loved country. With tliankful gratitude for yf>ur kind attention, I respectfully close my remarks with tlie uttei'ance of a very widely-expressed sentiment, which holds that YOU are as patriotic and loyal a generation of the citi- zens of the United States of America, now^ as dear old General Philip Reed and his compatriots \\>^r.e IN TIlEIPv DAY AND GENERATION. 12 GENERAL PHILIP REED. May God bless you, yonr families and your homes, and our happily independent country. CHRIS. T. DENROCHE. ADDRESS BY CAPT. COLUMBUS A. LEARY. Captain Columbus A. Leary, of Kent county, beinii; introduced by President Denroche, spoke as follows : Ladies and Gentlemen : — I must first comfort you with the assurance that you will not be called upon to endure what I maj^ inflict upon you for but a few minutes, as at the end of tlint time I must make room for something more interesting and more in- structive, indeed, it is circumstances and not my own presumption which bring me before you at all. The sub-committee a])pointed to procure, inscribe and erect a monument or slab at the grave of General Reed and a "Marker" on this field, have to explain that they have given much more attention to stability and durability than to ornamentation. In reference to the inscription on the slab (for such it really is) at General Reed's grave, they have simply briefly recited his public services, the ability Avith which they were executed and the good fortune to his feHow-countrvmen Avhich attended them, and concluded tliat tliev couhl not easily invent a much GENERAL I'HIIJP REED, 13 higher C()ni])liment. Tii reference to the inscription on the Marker on tlii.s field the committee deliberately determined to free it fi-om clumsiness and to leave it abounding in charitj^ This sentiment was suggested by the recollection that our ancestors abundantly proved themselves worthy of the valoi'of a manly aiid chivalrous people in time of war, and this laid upon us the more agreeable but no less binding duty of showing by our magnanimit}^ that we were worthy the friendship of that same x^eople in time of peace. But oiir action in tliis regard was principally inspired by obedience to a law which governed man long before he had learned to temper the steel, weave the cloth, or to write the parchment, and is as potent to-day as it was when the Pyramids first cast their shadows across the blue Nile, or when Jacob was a young lierdsman guarding the Hocks of Laban on the hills of Padanaram. It provides no penalty for its violation, for man with all his cai)acity for mischief has never been able to vio- late it, and but for it human laws could not govern, human schools could not enlighten, and hnman chnrches could not reform — and it is decided in the sim])le sentence that man is an outgrowth of condi- tions, — a miri'or reflecting hisenviionment, and when we judge by this and measure by the standard which it provides, the men and boys who confronted each other on this field eighty-eight years ago, we find that the Americans were chiefly, indeed, almost altogether sons of Revolutionary soldiers who had heard much of the follies and vices of men who ruled by hereditary and sometimes claimed to rule by divine right. Who was tliere to tell them that society had suffered nearly, or quite as many ills, from the schemes and machi- 14 GENERAL PHILIP REED. uatioii« of irresponsible deniogogues as it eyei- had by the vices and follies of kings 't And on the other hand, tlie Britons, all of whom, despite their discipline and their valo!', snifered a humiliating defeat, and some of whom fonnd a premature grave in a strange and hos- tile land ; who were they before they became familiar with and capable of understanding the shi-ill whistle of the boatswain as it rose above the liowling of the wind, the splashing of the water and the fluttering of canvas, in ordering them to the discharge of those nautical evo- lutions which had been handed down from the time of Blake, and others not less renowned upon the seas? They were sons of flshermen whose cabins stood on the bleak shores of Yarmouth and who had been from their cradle taught that their highest virtue and flrst duty were loyalty to their king and country, and that the best theatre for its display was the deck of one of their majesty's ships, where they were expected to disregard the shcx^k and roar of the guns, the stifling and blind- ing smoke, or the ghastlj^ scenes which might sur- round them, in oi'der that tliey might distinctly hear and mechanically obey the hoarse voice of the trumpet in the hands of their commanding officer. And there were among them the sons of farmers whose homes stood on the banks of the Midway, surrounded by the hop fleldsof Kent and overshadowed by the venerable towers of Canterbury. If those boys regularly attended, or only occasionally wandered into that central shrine of their country, they heard pronounced from an altar revered as the shrine of the martyred Becket, prayers and invocations whi(di proved beyond all i)eradven- ture to their untrained and unphilosopliic minds that fj^e f.iipi,,ips of rliPir kinu' were the enemies of their GENERA!, PHILIP REED, lo God ; wljeii, p^n-Laps, if the same sounds luid fallen ii])on the ears of a truly wise philosopher he would have sincerely thanked heaven for the })rayers it did iiot answer. We have not the time to be circumstan- tial or elaborate, and even if we had it would be nn- necessary to l)e so to such an audience as this, for there are many among you more cax)able of reasoning from cause to effect than I, and more capable of stating their conclusions more forcibly and elegantly than I can ever hope to be. To yon, then, it is quite sufficient to say, reverse these conditions in theii" relation to the persons influenced by them and you will reverse your animosities and your friendships. In the second decade of the third century Tertu- lian in one of his apologies to Caracala and Getta declared that the gospel of jieace had been preached over the whole earth; that it liad been heard by the inhabitants of walled cities ; the Arab squatting beneath his tent and the Cythean wandering in rude and ponderous wagons. We believe this is the lan- ii'uao-e of declamation and rhetoric. We know it is not the language of history, but every scholar knows it was pronounced under very grave conditions ; that it was presented to two men who w^ere at that time styled the masters of the world, and the author knew it would be subjected to the critical examination of that assendilage of Catos know^n as the Roman Senate. Besides this, the author was canonized centuries ago and they hardly canonized him for his mistakes. We think then, that it does not belong to that class of history which is a graijhic and detailed account of things which never happened, V)ut that it constitutes a part of that valuable fund of informa- 16 GENERAL PHILIP REED. tion which informs lis of what has been happening in this ohl world, only that like other valuable history it is much exaggerated, and in this conclusion we are in harmony with men much wiser and vastly more learned than I, for they have religiously x)reserved it in the archives of the Vatican, where it can be seen to-day. Since then a succession of babies have be- come grand-mothers and been laid to rest ; acorns have grown to giant oaks and they have decayed — yes, and a hundred constructions and interpretations of this sublime philosophy or beneficent revelation have sprung into existence with niillions of adherents. What the conditions of society would have been if they had all been as ready to accept the duties it imposed as they were eager to grasp the benefits which it promised, I do not know, but we do know that man has not yet learned to treat his enemy as though he would some day become his friend ; or that the noblest revenge is not to imitate the wrong doer; that war continues to be a very fashionable and a very p()i)ular amusement. It has been dignified and elevated into a science— but degraded into a trade. The soldier of fortune continues a very conspicuous institution in the economy of nations ; an ornament and an author- ity in j)olite society. He spends his youth in acquir- ing an education and in exercises which make him dexterous and efiicient in the performance of his Hade; th(- \igor of his young and mature manhood in serv- ing his master and earning his wages; his dec^lin- ing years in deploring the ingratitude of nations and the inadequacy of his pension. The war de])ts of the most highly enlightened nations have swelled into a ponderous maze of figures appalling even to the skilled GENERAL PHILIP KEED, 17 ;ind experienced acconiitant. The pension rolls of christian nations are nearly as seandalons in the frands which they accidentally expose as they are o-hastlv in the bereavements and deformities which they labor to explain. These are disconraging facts, bnt we have some evidences that man can learn thongh he learns slowly, for we no longer see the learned, robed and wigged jndge endeavoring to reclaim schismatics and heretics by every means but the right one, and that right one the easiest and the cheapest — let them alone ; and the allegorist no longer represents the same respectable functionary, as a Cyclops armed with a thirty-pound sledge making heroic efforts to demolish a shadow because he was expending his vitality in the endeavor to exterminate witches which never existed. These evidences that man can learn inspires us with the hope that while mothers yet teach their chil- dren the noble language which was spoken by Shake- speare and Milton, by Gibbon and Gladstone, and all of our own great statesmen, orators and poets; that these children may yet read unaided by the arts of the university, and in their mother-tongue, what we have inscribed upon that stone. Earth will have produced children who will heed as heaven has long since done, heralds to proclaim ^' i^eace on earth, good will to men." I thank you, ladies and gentlemen, for the patience with which you have heard an expression of our eccen- tricities. COLUMBUS A. LEARY. j(^, GENERAL PHILIP REED. Tlieii took place the unveiling projyer, after the folloiDing remarks hy Rev. Mr. Deiiroche : Ladies and Gentlemen: — There stands your memorial Battle-marker covered with " Ohl Gh)ry/' — our symbolical Flao- of Victory. It is erected on the yery site of an eni^agement in which General Philip Reed and his gallant men cov- ered themselves with substantial glory and victory, by crushing the enemy who fought against ns, on this memorable old Caulk's Field, eighty-eight years ago. Our intention today is to j^erpetuate the history of this incident, and to bless and dedicate its Battle- marker. We, therefore, by hoisting the Hag of our country over it, do now unveil the monument. I, Chris. T. Denroche, rector of St. Paul's Parish, Kent County, Maryland, do, in the name of God, solemnly dedicate this stone for the uses to which we have erected it. It will not be out of pLace, at this time to allow our hearts to swell with sympathetic sorrow for the unfortunate conquered men — a number of whose dead lie buried yonder — near to this Battle-marker. And as it is our honest desire to show, in a kind and marked manner that on this occasion we harbor no ill-feeling toward the nation or the men who fought against us on this field in 1814 — we have agreed, as a simple token of respect to a brave and conquered foe — that, side by side with our own country's victorious flag, we, in thoughtful silence, raise their country's flag. GENERAL PHILIP REED. ]C) Let US lioite that, as the two flags are now hoisted in peaceful relationship side by side, so friendship and peace between the tw^o countries represented bv the two flags, may be as enduring as the granite over which the}^ now wave. CHRISTOPHER T. DENROCHE. Inscription on Battle-Marker* THE British, Commanded by SIR PETER PARKER, Baronet, AND THE Americans, Commanded by COL. PHILIP REED, Met in Engagement on this Field, August 31st, 1814. The British Were Defeated AND Sir Peter Parker Killed. Erected A. D. 1902, BY MARYLANDERS, to Commemorate the Patriotism AND Fortitude OF the Victor and Vanquished. GENERAL PHILIP REED, 21 ORATION I'.V llIK HON. WILLIAM M. MARINE. President Deiiioche introduced the orator of the occasion, the Hon. AVilliani jM. Marine, a native of the Eastern Shore, wlio delivered tlie I'ollowin.u- liistor- ical address : This nation is becoming x)articnhu]y gratefnl to its defenders, wliich is demonstrated by erecting to them, monuments. In what has been accomplished liere we are in accord vvith the developing spirit which may make ours the monumental era. Through such inspiration, the unmarked grave of General Philip Reed has escaped reproachful designation. The polished slab through the centuries Shall proclaim to the wide world his name, While the flowing years extend his tame. Caulk's Field has its ennobling recollections ; its honorable distinction is due to his masterful direc- tion : it is henceforth to be marked in giateful recog- 22 GENERAL PHILIP REED. nitiou of what lie and liis fellow-conntiaiis accom- plished eightj^-eight years ago. People of Kent, ac- knowledge him, as he must hereafter a])pear written, your niost illnstrious citizen. His grave is worthj^of the stone thoagh tliebody once placed in it may have crnmbled into dnst. The exaltation in yonr minds and hearts of what has occnrred is not to l)e dimin- ished in consequence of the few in numbers who w^ei*e engaged. Thermopylae was defended by a hundred men, who survived that battle and live now. The Alma, one of the most valliant and desperate defences in history, was maintained by fewer braves than were marshalled under Reed on this field. It is courage, heroism, and iinallv the mastery of the situation, wliicli make such conflicts memorable. Here, by speaking wooded heights, ])y smiling hills, in this vnlley of rei)ose, com^* a grnfeful ])eo[)le to unveil a stone ; to give to the wafting winds their heartfelt p^ons. We have been led hither by their county parson ; one whose care foi" living souls has not caused him to be unmindful of the dead ))ody of a servant of God and a defender of his country. Par- son Denroche was horn on p]nglish soil, but in chana- ing his citizenship from a fi-ee Englishman to a free American, Jie simply acted the easiest part in i)ersonal history and suffeied no shock in consequence. He only left the roof of his ])arents foi- that of his broth- ers. Nothing we have done oi' shall say, will interru2)t the amicable i-elations of the two national families. M GENERAL PHILIP REED, 23 It is appropriate and touching in tliis era of comity and good-will between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Republic of the United States, that Parson Denroche, the rector of I. U. Parish, of the Protestant Episcopal Cliurcli, should have resolved that Philip Reed, who, when among men, was a vestry- man of that parish church and a sincere worshipper within its walls, should sleep no longer the tenant of an unmarked grave. The Parson was heard to say, "That grave shall be marked if I have to beg from dooi- to door for the money/' Such a journey did not, happily, befall him. Thanks for that consumma- tion to those who made this project successful, which prevents it. No longer will a reproachful giave shock his eye on the Sabbath day, when he is entering the sanctuary to minister at the altar of Him, who is the ruler of all people, of governments, of patriots and of saints. The Parson and Captain Leary have told you in their addresses the history of the movement which gives a stone to yon grave and a marker to this field, thus relieving me from that branch of the hallowed and inspiring subject. Our thoughts will natui-ally follow in the dii-cction where the bugle sounded. War is as old as man, who has always had sanguinary instincts. " Thou shalt not kill '' was written on Sinai's stone ; nations nuiy set aside that commandment with imxninity, individuals, only at their peril. Heroes from crimson fields obtain 2^ GENERAL PHILIP REED. wreaths and receive honors. They are the recipients ol' eniolunients and civic promotions; when tiiey die, J'reqnently tlieyfail into I'oi-gotten graves, and often elaborately marked graves are snbseqnently pillaged and desticyed. You sliall hear at this moment of a real hero ; one who was idolized within and witlioiit this county ; one whom you had nearly forgotten, whose life and record as far as it is possible, shall be placed before you. Henceforth from this day you reinstate him on tlip throne of your nlfectionate remembrance. Philip Reed was born in Kent County, Maryland, savs one encyclopaedia sketch of him, "about the year 1760." Another such sketch definitely settles upon the year 1760, as the time of his birth. His father was a planter ; we are without his mother's name, the Bible containing it being in some unknown person' s possession. Reed' s early days were spent on a farm ; he received an academical education nnd luul a knowledge of the classics. He was sixteen years of age at the signing of the Declaration of Independence, and during 1776 he left school and entered the Con- tinental Army, which was one of the holiest bands of patiiots ever pledged to defend the cause of huiuan rio-hts. On the ariuy muster roll his name is written "Read," "Reid," and correctly '"Reed." The company in which he enlisted was recruited by Lieutenant Na- thaniel Kinnard, -li.; the members Avere receiyed and passed by William Henry, July 22, 1776. You will GENERAL PHILIP REED, '2t) observe he was cliiioiii;' the Hist wlio les^jouded to the rail of Ills l)]eedin,a- coiiiitiyiiieii. On the 2()th Feb- i-nai y, 1777, he was an ensiun in the f)th Maryhmd Keoiment. On liim was imposed the responsible and dano-erons dnty of bearing- ahdt the tiag of the i-egi- nient. On Octoliei' ]:5, 1778, he was promoted to a ]ienteinin(^y, serving as siicli in the Third Maryhind Regiment. The 9tii Fel)i-nary, 1782, he received his commission as captain, when twenty-two years of age. A note opposite his name on the mnster roll states he was appointed in place of (Jai)tain Bird of the Fiist Regiment, wlio had been taken prisoner and re[)orted as 'lead. Snbseqnently, in a list of officers mentioned as ^'injnred'' of the Maryland Line, Jan- nary 1, 1788, his name api^ears as a prisoner of war. t The last mention of Captain Reed's nanre on the Revolutionary roster is made in this wise : " Term of service of such officers, between January, 1782, and January, 1783, and from tlience u]) to the 15th Noyem- ber of that year." Wherever regimental officei's of the troops to which he was attached drew swH)rds, excepting the time when he was a x)risoner of wai', there was Reed with his npiifted sword. Let his conduct throughout the war be viewed by the following circumstances : At the opening of the campaign of 1782, the Brit- ish commander, Clinton, was at Stony and Verfiank Points. A detachment of Maryland troops joined Lee's cavalrv. in which was Lieutenant Reed. Th^ 2(3 GENERAL PHILIP REED. force reported to General Washington. Desertions were nnmerons from tlie AniHrican ai-niy, and exam- ples were resolved upon. Lieutenant Reed was in- structed to advance to tlie enemy's outpost and inter- cept deserters. He formed liis cordon of sentinels out- side of those of the enemy. Fron) a British deserter he learned of the route takeu ])y American deserters. Reed immediately moved to that locality. Shortly these deserters pre- sented themselves. They took the Americans, who had thrown oif their regimental coats, the weather being warm, foi- the enemy. They were told they (;ould not pass Stony Point nntil they were examined by the detachment officer. They were then led to Reed who was in his shirtsleeves. Thinking he was a. Brit- ish officer, they again made known their wish to go ovei- to the enemy. They were at once informed of their mistake. Reed read to them his direct orders from General Washington, which were to execute all snch withont delay. Out of Reed's kindly impnlses he conclnded to make an example of but one of them ; lie proposed to the deserters that they sliould draw lots as to which of them should die. They point-blank refused, wheren])on Reed referred the case to those of his non-commissioned officers who considered tlie matter. Two of the deserters were Irishmen and the third one was an American. The lot fell on the Amer- ican, who was shot and his head stricken off and sent to General Washington's headqnarters and publicly GENERAL PHILIP REED, 27 exposed. Tlie other two deserters were forwarded to the same pUice under giitnd. During Mr. Heed's sei-vicein tlie House of Kepre- sentatives, he declined endorsing the act (d" General Jackson in seizing and shooting Arburtlinot and Ani- l)iistie. It was sought by Mr. Tallniade, of New York, to parallel the case of Lieutenant Reed with that of General Jackson, — of course, there is no analogy. Mr. Tallniade. with glowing fervor, said, pointing to Mr. Reed, '-Thou art the man who without ceremony cut off the head of an American soldier and sent it to the camp of your General.'' Ji -^J * S yi * ■^ "" " The great soul of Washington fearlessly met the occasion ; he resolved on example, and issued orders that every deserter should suffer instant death. You, sir. had that order in your pocket the night of your absence with your command. These men, taken in the act of desertion, were brought to you, then, that heart which danger could not appall, for once trem- bled ; vou faltered between mercy and your duty ; you compromised with your generous feelings ; you spared two and executed one ; and, sir, your imme- diate superior officer told you it was mistaken mercy. This, and this only, was the censure to which the his- torian alluded to as being pronounced upon your con- duct. Sir, even this censure, you shortly wiped out- Your General foresaw that the crisis of the country required the reduction of Stony Point. Its neck of 2c:^ GENERAL PHILIP REED. land was strongly occupied, and he had not means to approacli it. It was determined tocaiiy it by storm. A In-ave band of American youth uiulertook the ex- jdoit, and you, the bravest of the brave, marched at the liead. It was at k^w tide and at the midnight liour. You entered the i-iver u^ider the auspices of darkness and silence and went around the sentinels and gained the point ; you scaled the rampart aud then the bayonet was made to pert'orni its duty/' It was a gi-aphic picture IVfr. Tallnuule portrayed, and Ileed heard it in silence. When the speaker had concluded, Mr. Reed got up and stated: "It was Lieutenants Gibbons and Knox that marched at the head of the two columns. This command was decided by lot among the subaltern officers. He was in the supj)orting columns of Col. Butler, with whom aud Flury he had been that morning reconnoitering the works of the enemy. Content wdth having performed his duty, he would not for a moment wear the laurels earned by another." In that speech the real man shone like a jewel. Captain Reed at the close of the Revolntion returned to his Kent County home, a, youthful hero, respected foi- courage and patriotism The farm yielded its welcome, he and his horse were ch)se companions. He was 28 years of age when peace was declared. F.or thirteen years in tranquility he saw the wheat and corn grow ; he looked upon the thriv- ing grass v/hicii the winds played Avith, and listened GENICRAI. i'llll.iF REED, 29 to the s(»ngs oi" the harvesters in the fields and to the birds overliead. He occupied on Sabbath day a ])ew ill 1. U. parisli church, not ashamed to strive after good- ness, which is far better than greatness, and possess- ing l)()tli. At the end of the period named he obeyed file public command of the State, requesting that he serve it in its most desirable arena. Pie was forty-six years of age, when on Monday, December 29, 180G, he was elected a United States Senator by the Legislature of Maryland, to succeed Robert Wright, who resigned to accept the office of (lovernoi'; he was elected for one year, Wright's unexpired time, and also elected to be a Senator from March, 1807, to the same month in 1813. Henry Clay took his seat in the place of John Adai]', ou the same day Mr. Reed was sworu in the Senate. The record of his accomplishments in the Senate is meagre. It ai^iears he indulged in remarlvs once only in the discussion over the production of a wit- ness in the case of John Smith, Senator from Ohio. He was complimented by Mr. Giles, a fellow-senator, wlio said : '' Senator Reed's suggestion was a strong argument against the resolution.'' It will be observed that he w^as a Senator at the com- mencement and during a part of the second year of the War of 1812. His opinions on the war are not in the official record. His sword has writteu what his actions were diiring that crisis. In 1813, he passed from the civil, back to the military service, and then in thehfty- 30 GENERAL PHIEIP REED. third year of his age, hadbestowed upon him the rank of Lieuteiianr Colonel, of the volunteers of his State. Maryland was conspicuously honored, by the Brit- ish by their presence on the land and waters of the Chesapeake and its tributaries during the War of 1812. Kent was in the chosen field which w*as alive with excitement; its soil echoed to the tread of the foeman. Georgetown was burned early in 1813, and by the light of its fire Kitty Knight's face has ever since been visi- ble. Cockburn is said to have felt his breast glow with a warmer tlame in her presence, than the one he lighted on the shores of the Sassafras. During the conflngration at Georgetown, Citizen Leary, who had been a soldier in the Revolution under Washington, took his ])oy along with him to Turner's Creek, where they saw the smoke from, the bui'iiing town. When the British expedition on its return reached the creek, they landed. The command- ing officers meeting with Mr. Leary, enteied into con- versation with him, while his sailors captured geese and ducks in an adjacent pond. It was by such methods they feasted like Lords of the Admiralty on shipboard; the entire line of the Chesapeake afford- ing the enemy vast and extended poultiy fields. The British officers sought to obtain information from Mr. Leary, which might be of service to his Majesty's fleet in future raids, which that gentleman positively declined to give, saying to his interogator, that he had been n soldier in the war for Independence, and that r,ENF.KAl. i'lUi.lP KF.RD, 3] he would be liable to be shot for coniuimiieatini^' infor- mation to the enemy were he to comply as requested. The geese and ducks belonged to Miss Knight. While they were being sent on ship-board, her farm manager stood trembling and fearing in the distance, silent and helpless. When the cackling geese, protesting against mnuiX into British stomachs, and their oars, could not be longer henrd, the manager's St. Pelee broke forth into tlame and fury, whose ashes, if there had been any, w^onld have pursued and buried thepurloin- ers irretrievably. The entire State was divided into military dis- tricts. Kent district w^as designated as the sixth, and was under the command of Brigadier General Benja- min Chambers. Colonel Reed commanded a regiment of less than the full complement of men necessary to constitute one. He w^as lookod to to do the fighting. Among his soldiers was a trooi) of horsemen com- manded by Cai)tain Wilson. The subjoined entries are from that company's book. Opposite one of the soldier's name is this entry: '' Returns in good time." Opposite the name of another: "Leave of absence nntil to-morrows" A further one has : "This day joined the trooi)S." The method of their detail- ment is thus disclosed : "9th May, 1813 — Sunday, Guard No. 2 at Richard Miller's ; class 1 relieved for a week if not sooner called on by class No. 2. This day week the troop was split into two classes, viz : 1 class, whose tour commenced 2d May, Sunday, 8 39 GENERAL PHILIP REED. o'clock A. M. and terminated 9tli, Sunday, 8 o'clock A. M." A class consisted of about 20 persons. New classes were formed in times of invasion. When "English sliii)s aj^peared, the troops, which, during their absence, were permitted to go to their homes, reported for active sei'Vice. The following entry illus- trates that method: "May li)th, Thursday, order I'eceived for our troops to disl>and."' A further sample order reads of date June 5th: "The troops met on Wharton Commons ;'' still another of date Jul}^ 27th : •' State pay-roll was made out for time of ser- vice of the troop while on the bay shore.'' The horse- men were actively kept in the saddle. " August 7th, Saturday, the troop started for Rock Hall." There- after "on August 25th, it was ortlered by Captain Wilson," ''that the troop meet in Chestertown, next Saturday three weeks, it being law-day." Another note reads: "Between 7 and 8 a. m, the troops at Rock Hall were disbanded by Lieutenant Colonel Reed." That disbaiulment must have been for a few days only, it a|)pearing that the troops were on duty from the 7th to the 25th of August. September 30th, the troop met Colonel Reed's regiment in William Strong's lield, about thirty members being i)resent. Mention is made in the record of certain members being yoted out of the troop and of one "who solic- ited to ])e voted out who was refused." By appoint- ment of the Captain, "the 2d Saturday in November next was to be law-day," — probably a day set ajmrt GENERAi. I'lni.lP KEEl). H'^ for inspection and drill. November 2u{K fhe troop were paid oif foi' the previous Aug'ust's services thus endino' theii' lecord for the year 1813. During an encampment at Hook Hall, a heavy easterly ^^'ale accompanied by lain made the ground muddy. The tents were um'omfortable, and the men <'(miplained that they had to sleep upon tlie wet o-round. Colouel Reed sent for Michael Miller, acting quarter-master, and pretended to berate him for care- lessness, which Miller, who was a wag, perfectly well understood, was with the intention of pacifying the men who were grumbling at their accommodations. "Quarter-master Miller,'^ said Reed, "my men must not sleep (Ui the wet ground, and you must get straw for them, and right away, sir— to-night, sir, and at once, sir." "But," pleaded the Quarter-master, "it is night now and late, and it cannot be done." "But it must be done, sir, and I will hold you responsible if it is not done, for disobedience of an order. Go and get stiaw ; take it from anywhere around here ; take carts and oxen and bring it, and do you go at once, sir." Miller went off, and after midnight returned with the straw, which pleased the men. Reed complimented Miller for his promptness in executinghis order,after which he recognised one of his slaves. He wished to know from him what he was doing there i He then learned that Miller had passed ^xev\ one's farm irntil lie had reached Reexi's Hunting- 34 GEiNERAL PHILIP REED. Held farm, where he ordered the Cohmel's shwes to yoke up his oxen and h)ad the carts with straw and drive tliera with it to the tents.* When the British encamiDed on Kent Island, Reed was apprehensive lest they shonld cross the Chester river in large force and devastate the farms. He resorted to a clever stratagem. He directed his cavalry, which, as we have seen, was a small force, to cross from what is now^ R. B. Willson's farm, known as Trnmi)ington, to the Jones farm on Eastern Neck Island. The crossing was in full view of the enemy's lookout-boats stationed in the mouth of the Chester river ; hours were apparently consumed in doing so, but it was the little force counter-marching and re- crossing all the while in a ferry scow. Such stratagems w^ere more than once resorted to (luring the War of 1812. Indeed, the science of that struggle w^as immensely similar to tlie tactics and ruses of the Revolution. There was slight improve- ment in arms or tactics until a much later period. About this time two sentinels w^ere stationed on the Huntinglield farm to watch the outlook-boats of the British at the mouth of the Chester river. The sentinels had paced their weary rounds through the night. On beholding the streaks of daylight in the east, their muskets grew^ heavier from fatigue. One of the sentinels said to the other one : "lam sick from hunger. I had nothing to eat last night ; it is ^Authority of C. A. Leary. GENF.KAL I'HILIP REED, 35 time we were relieved ; they have forgotten about us, and I am going to hunt for something to eat." ''But," said liis comiade, ''shouhl you leave your post and it get to the Colonel's ears, you will be undone/' The sentinel went off, and in a short time there was such a howling that the sentinel at his i^ost thought one of the ))lack regiments of slaves formed by the British was mai'ching in his direction. Looking up he saw his brother sentinel I'eturning witli a pone of corn oake, through which he had rammed his bayonet, followed by women and children in blabbing despair at having lost their breakfast l)read. The sentinel happened by one of the slave's huts as the bread was taken out of the oven ; it was too hot for his hands, so he ran his bayonet through it and marched off. Rejoining his associate, he said : " Here is proviu- der — we are all right now."* Stirring times were ahead ; larger game was to be hunted than was found in attacking nndefended towns and burning them. Everywhere the premoni- tions were that serious business was nearing. March 12, 1814, an entry in the book from which we have quoted of the cavalry, reads : "The troops met to- day at Ghestertown to receive arms." The names are given of thirty persons to whom they were distribnted. Colonel Reed was the nervy pilot, and to his experience, clearness and coolness of judgment the county was pleased to defer. On the original Letter *Authority of C. A. Leary. 3B GENERAL PMILIP REED. File No. 33 of the Maryland Hisrorical Society, is a communication written ])y him to Governor Winder, complaining of the failni-e to deliver, accoi'ding to a verl)al demand made by him, })o\vder, ball and ammu- nition for his men. In that communication he mani- fests surprise that his requisitions had not been at- tended to. The letter is in a neat hand, small letters, the cbirography denoting originality, and having one of the characteristics of the givat, inasmncli as it is difficult to be read. One of your citizens""- has given me an account of an encounter which took jdace at Worton Creek prior to the engagement at Caulk's Field, which account he received from persons who particix^ated in the hght. AVheii the British sent barges from the Menelaus uj) the creek, the small force of the Americans detailed thereabout, were not then near by. Upon their being- informed of the presence of the British they ran across the country to a X)oint near the mouth of the creek, shaded by thick i)ines and tangled undergrowth. The boats were returning fi-om uj:* the ci-eek when tlie Americans opened np a brisk tire ; numbers of the enemy were seen by the Americans to fall. A shower of one-ounce balls pierced through the .side of a barge below the water-line, causing several leaks. The dis- abled men were placed on the opposite side of the boat so as to keep the holes above water. The British had proven bad marksmen. Several of the Americans *Authority of Capt. C. A. Leary. GENERAL PHILIP KEED. 37 ran to a sand bar when a sailor in one of the Jaiinches in liis eagerness to do execution n})on tlieni, dis(diarged liis musket before witlidrawing his iron ramrod, which, when lired off, struck a hard substance in the sand and bent nj) near where a man named Rogers was standing. The oars in the enemies' boats at one time stood blades up ; the Americans continued firing until they were lowered. The officer in charge of the boat stood upon the stern sheets and waved his hat until they were out of range of the marksmen. Colonel Reed, w^ho, to the surprise of every one, appeared on the scene, was told of the throwing up of the oars ; he in- formed the men "that that was a man-of-warsnien\s way of surrendering ; that they had captured the boat but did not know of it." When informed of the con- duct of the officer. Colonel Reed said : " It is well you did no harm to him, he was a brave fellow and knew his duty to his men and to his King." My in- formant's recollection is, that in the beginning of the skirmish, the only officer i)resent was a Lieutenant ; that Colonel Reed arrived unexpectedly during the progress of the fight. It was probably the same engage- ment mentioned in the National Intelligencer of July 16th, 1814, subjoined, " Four schooners were off Swan Point, sailing down the bay and going as far as An- napolis ; when retracing their course up the bay, with fifteen captured craft, they made observations in each creek and river on both shores. Colonel Reed was in the locality of AVorton's Creek ; he armed himself 3g GENEF^AL I'lIlLlP KEEl). with a musket and summoned twenty of the neigh- bors who carried duck-guns and muslvets. The force was concealed in ambuscade. Four barges entered Worton, the largest in advance. When the barges were in short range of Colonel Reed's force, they fired four deliberate rounds which caused their retreat. Of the twenty-four oars }n'ox)elling the boats when they neared the ambuscade, only four were used when they pulled out, showing the effect of the firing to have caused fatalities." The Intelligencer and Niles' Register had great respect given to their rei)orts. Thej^ had the weight of official utterances. The Intelligencer's account only disagrees with your fellow-citizens in two ])ar- ticulars, viz: in a Lieutenant being in charge of the force at the commencement of the firing and Reed's interpretation of the meaning of throwing ux) the oars. The latter circumstance is a mere omission on the part of the pax)er. Both accounts can be accej)ted as in the main correct. We have reached the period of the great event in Colonel Reed's momentous life ; an achievement your memorial is set up to commemorate. Parlver was ener- getic in conducting his short campaign of predatory ex- cursions hereabout. Cockburn had inaugurated them ; they were an inseparable 2)art of the method of British naval warfare. In a memorial volume issued in Lon- don, to perpetuate and popularize Parker's name and memory, we are told that his object in making his GENF.RAl. I'lniAV KEEI3. 89 final (leiiionstmtioii was to pieveiit "'one man in every iive being drawn from the popnlation on the Eastern Shore I'oi' tlie defense of Baltimore." He determined to storm the American camp. Dnring night he landed a body of seamen and marines not exceeding 140 men formed into two divisions, headed by Lieutenants Crease and Pearce, the whole commanded by himself. They captured a lookout picket and one or two dragoons when tliev moved for the enemy's camp, who had shifted his position. After marching four miles they found him on a plain surrounded by a deep wood, his camp in his rear. His troops consisted of 5(H) militia ; a troop of horse and 5 pieces of artillery. He was formed inline and ready for action. Parker immediately made an attack, and under his fire and his charges the Americans were driven from their posi- tion and routed, when they took refuge behind their artillery, where he made a stand, losing one of his guns, which aftei- its capture was abandoned. Dur- ing a renewal of the attack, and while Sir Peter Parker was animating his men, he received a mortal wound which obliged him to quit the field, and he expired in a few minutes. The ball entered his right thigh and cut the main artery. He smiled and said: "They have hit me Pearce, at last, but it is nothing, push on my brave fellows and follow me." He advanced a few- paces further, and from the flow of blood greAv weak, fell into the arms of Lieutenant Pearce and then had that officer to sonnd the bugle to leave the field, when 40 GENERAL PHILIP REED. lie died. The (u)iitlict deepened, and it was of impor- tance who shonld successfully bear off his body. He was i^laced on the shoulders of his men, who relieved each other by turns, and thus they bore him to the shore, live miles away. That is substantially what our English cousins say about the battle. The British official list of their killed and wounded reported by Henry Crease, acting comman- der, were : Killed, Sir Peter Parker, baronet ; Captain J. T. Sands, midshipman ; R. Friar and R. Robinson, quartermasters ; J. Perren, swabber ; T. Dorris, sail- maker ; G. Hall, ordinary seaman ; J. Evans, sergeant- of-marines ; W. Hooper, W. Davis, R. Johnson, W. Rogers, W. Powell and R. Jones, marines, a total of fourteen acknowledged to have been killed. The wounded were reported to ])h : T. Pitzmaurice, boat- swain's mate, severely ; J. McAllister, J. Mooney, sea- men, severely ; M. Cullen, seaman, slightly ; J. Cooper and J. Malcolm, seamen, severely ; A. Mc Arthur, cap- tain of the forecastle, severely ; W. Noel, seaman, slightly ; T. Taffield, quartermaster's mate, severely ; M. Halligan, quarter-gunner, slightly ; B. G. Beynon. lieutenant-of-marines, severely ; G. Poe, similar offi- cer, slightly ; J. List, J. Harvey, J. Schriber, G. Mor- rell and W. Smith, marines, slightly ; W. Golatham, E. Turner and W. Pritchard, marines, and J. Mandei-- son, a seaman, J. Rowe, landsman, and G. Hobbs, captain of the foretop, severely. A total of 28 admit- ted to have heen wounded, some of whom subse- GENERAL FHiLlP REED. 41 qnently died. There is a nnld eiT.,r. pnt forth i,i the foregoing account to claim an advantage for themselves over the Americans. We shall have to shatter that tlimsy at- tempt There were not live hundred n.en under the starry banner of the Republic ; the cavalry were not in the fight ; .lor were there five pieces of arti lery. The British at no time proved masters ot the held. The \mericans buried the fallen British by the roadside, where a hedge now grows in thrifty lux- uriance. About the year 1830, a small boy on his way home from school saw some workn.eu opening a n.ound „„ the roadside ; he stood and watched the dirt-heav- ers The friends of the dead midshipman had sent across the ocean to bear the relics of their h.ved one over the sea. He was identified and his remains conveyed to England, where he sleeps, perhaps m one of those beautiful country church-yards where sublime stillness hovers over the sward. The earth was thrown back and has not since been disturbed. The dead Britons have graves secured against depreda- tions, in which they will rest securely until the Judg- ment Day. Recently, Committeeman Leary, wh<, was the boj ,vho witnessed the search after the bones of the mid- shipman, has placed a rough stone in the hedge, on a located spot where the graves are supposed to be We will now narrate the American account of the battle of " Caulk' s Field." 42 GENERAL PHILIP REED. The oinnipotent Colonel Reed, the night of the engagement atCanld's Field,* acconij)anied by a few men, reconnoitered the enemy when they were on line of march. Colonel Reed left his force and rode forward a considerable distance until he heard the approaching footsteps of the British, which he informed himself of by placing his ear close to the earth. On retnrning to his men, he was asked why he had exi:)Osed himself so recklessly, his rex)ly was, " No capable British officer would allow his line to be thrown in confusion for one man." Colonel Reed's official rejDort of the battle of Caulk's Field made by him to General Chambers, is an authority for the following account of that battle of which it is the index : At half -past 11 o'clock in the early part of the night of the 30th of August, 1814, the enemy's barges at AValtham's farm were making for the shore, supposedly to burn the houses on that gentleman's property. Colonel Reed m.arched to inter- cept them, when he ascertained that they were mov- ing on his camp. He ordered the camp and baggage changed to another locality a short distance away. He then gave orders for the troops to counter-march and to pass by the road to the right of his camp and form OH the rising ground about three hundred paces to the rear, the right towards Caulk's house and the left on the road. The artillery, consisting of three pieces, was placed in the centre, supported right and left by =Autliority of Capt. C. A. Leary. GENERAL PHILIP KEEl). 4;;^ the iiifaiiti y. Captain AVickes and a part of his ritle companj-^ covered tlie road 1)}' which the enemy marched. Colonel Reed had his headqnarters with that detachment. The British colnmn received the fire of the ad- vanced riflemen when at the distance of seventy paces from them. The enemy's force being too strong, Colonel Reed ordered his riflemen to form on the right of his main line wliich had been placed in position by Major Wickes and Captain Chambeivs, the Colonel taking his post by the line. The flrst serious effort of the enemy was a fruitless attempt to break and drive back the line firmh' standing in ftontof them; a general flring resulted. Parker was unable to do so. Failing, he next threw^ himself on Chambers' company on the left; there he was again baffled and defeated. From some cause, not then understood bv the Ameri- cans, the British had nearly ceased flring when it was ascertained that in some parts of the American line cartridges were entirely expended. The number in any one of the boxes of the men who were lucky enough to have them was a few rounds only. Each man carried into the action twenty rounds. The artil- lerymen had also exhausted their shot. Colonel Reed shifted his ptosition to where a part of the line had been fortified close by the main line of battle; there the few remaining cartridges were distributed among tJiat part of the line which was expected to re- sist another attack. They were surprised at remain- ^4 GENERAL PHILIP REED. ing unmolested. The artillery and such of the infan- try as were without ammunition had heen sent a few miles distant to Bel Air, now Fairlee. At the time the Americans changed position the British retired. They had lost Sir Peter Parker, who with his last breath had given the order to retreat. He was wounded on a spot where stood a cherry tree. An nnauthenticated claim as to who shot him, was made in behalf of Henry Urie,* who is said to have pointed at one of the officers of the enemy wearing white trousers, and remarked: "See that man in white pantaloons, I am going to shoot him." The retreat of the British left the Kent men in possession of the field. The engagement lasted tifty-live minutes, the moon shining brightly throughout all that time. A neighboring wood protected the enemy by its shade nnd somewhat obscured their line. The hash of their guns indi^-ated where they were, while the aim of the Americans was deadly in effectiveness. According to the report of Colonel Reed, the enemy left one mid- shipman and eight men dead on the field and nine wounded, six of whom died in a few hours. The fatality of their wounds was probably known to the British who did not encumber themselves with them. Sir Peter Parker was killed by a buckshot. His force was armed with boarding pikes, swords, muskets and rockets. Many such were captured. Colonel Reed posted a picket guard under Ensign S kirven ori *Authority of Capt. C. A. Leary. GENERAL PHILIP REEL). 45 the battle ground for the remainder of the night of the 31st of August, the battle having been fought after midnight of the 81st. One hundred and seventy-four Americans shared the glory of that engagement. They were the companies of Captain Ezekiel Chambers, Hand, Wickes, Griffith and Page. Tlie artillery was served by Captain Usilton, numbering officers and men twenty-one mend)ers. The Cavalry were not available for service. Of the courage and competency of their captain there can be no question. Not a single person was killed on the American side ; an exceedingly marvelous circumstance. The wounded were John Magnor and Philii) Crane, of Chambers^ company, and John Glanville, of Page\s company. We shall not pass this way again, therefore, at the risk of prolixity hear in an abbreviated form, the account of the battle appearing in the Balti- more American of September 6th, 1814. The narra- tion was a cheerful message to the troops assembled for the defence of Baltimore city. It was read in the streets, homes, hotels and in the camp of the threat- ened town. Kent had scourged the invaders from her soil. The youthful Reed of the Revolution, who was then the middle-aged commander of the defenders of hearths and homes, had omened the result of the Bal- timore conflict soon to take place. Where freemen make a stand there the oppressors fail, and so in type the storv was told in this wise: August 80, about 46 GENERAL FHILIP REED. 12 o'clock, tlie crew of the Menelaus, excepting a small guard, landed to surprise Colonel Heed's force. The enemy made seizure of certain negroes, who conducted them by a circuitous route towards our camp. Colonel Reed fell back to ground chosen by him flanked by a wood in which he posted a few liflemen. There the attack began which resolutely and gloriously lasted nearly an hour, when the British retreated, leaving on the field thirteen killed, among whom were one midshipman, one master-mate, one ca^^taiu of the foretop and three men badly wounded. The retreat was at the moment when the twenty rounds of amniu- nition to a man was nearl}^ exhausted. It was made in consequence of the fall of their commander under a second wound which killed him, which is reported by one of the wounded left behind. The captain with other dead and wounded were taken Avitli them to the bay. The 28th they landed at Worton and burned Waller's house and stock after a bombardment. On the 3()th they did the same thing to Richard Frisby at Bel Air. They took four negroes and burned the hogs in tlje sty. Tuesday night they had a liigh frolic, dancing and drinking; they took a circuitous route piloted by negroes. The Colonel was apx)rised ; he struck his tents and sent them off and then put his troops in motion and got by the advance post before his purpose was discovered. Tlie eneujy was in Major Bowers' upper corn field X)ressing for the encamp- (iENKKAl, I'HILIP REKD. 47 merit. Our men moved back with speed to the field on tlie rising oronnd towards Caulk's lionse. The rifie cor})s liad just got to the woods when the enemy came upon them. The rifiemen were tw^enty in num- ber ; when they fired, they dropX)ed several of the enemy. The action was genera], after wdiich the Brit- ish fled. We had three x^eces of artillei'y in tlie cen- tre whicdi kept up an animated fire. The enemj^ pressed on with ardor to take our cannon, and were within fifty yards of the militia when they gave up the contest. Sir Peter Parker fell before the artillery. Our guaids say seventeen dead and Avounded were carried oft' by the enemy. They made two of our men prisoners, AVhitehead Bill A])sby, a trooper, w^ith his horse, and John Clark. The guard over Absby was shot and he escaped. By a flag of truce from the ship, w^e learn they landed two hundred and sixty men. Parker had been ordered to leave for down the bay but said he "must have a frolic with the Yankies be- fore he left them." Excepting as to the numbers engaged and to the I'e- X)orted losses of the British, there is a certain harmou}^ in these resx)ective accounts. The victorious gloss at- temxDted to varnish over the report of the enemy is too thin to mislead any one. The trained men of the English navy w^ere vanquished by numbers not large! 3' in excess of their own, accexjting their account as to numbers. The British on Sir Peter's death, at his order abandoned the fii>ht and left the field in confu- 4^ GENERAL PHILIP REED sion, unable tu take along all of their dead and wounded; leaving several of their dead to be buried by the Americans and their wounded so left to be cared for bv tliem. A longer continuance of the fight and the result would have been otherwise. Emi>ty mus- kets do not win battles. Parker's death gave us the victory. Over that victory we may rejoice, not in the vain boast of the braggart, but from thankful hearts filled with love of hearth and home. The engagement was conducted according to the de- fined science of military warfare existing at that day. Neither side could risk hazardous movements ; face to face they fought sullenly to the end of the conflict. Who can estimate what were the emotions of hus- band and wife, brother and sister, sweetheart and beaux, when the soldiers stood at the gates of homes, and told their loved ones. God saved us from peril, none of our men are dead. Hearts sent forth their tedeams, and gladness was wafted in the land wh^ie the heralds of space warbled in the tree branches. Caulk's Field in its own way was a renewal of the spirit shown at Lexington and Concord. It was not a running fire in which tree, stone, hedge and houses were fortresses of flame, bnt an exciting encounter be- neath the moon's soft beams which shown upon victor and vanquished and over the pale faces of the English dead, hearing no call to return to the ship: their spirits had left the field to join their Cajjtain's, where no such commands are responded to: he lay on his GENERAL PHILIP REED. •19 oorv couch, — " Soldier rest, thy warfaif o'er. Dram of fisliting fieUls no more ; Sleep tl,e sleep that knows no hreakin-. MornoftcMl. nor ni-ht of uakino." Two wcoks niter Cnulk s bield li.ui ,-,.1 pastonU quietude a,ul ,«,-erul„ess. •■^'';;--'' ;;;- s,,ou,leato,l,eo.„„sol-them..„,.rKeu,. n,eyou,h- ,,,,„„, „„ble Parker was not -aUme in Ins ,lorv .|.,„. .,.i|t,.,l Ross shared m similar fnie. nn>l l»>. ..f l,n.d,nHl-s l.rnves, leaders perished on M.vvland s .„n. ltlu,sheenstated.lK,t,l,el,,,diesot-Parl<:--\';>;; ^^ l„„aers to oomn,emo,a.e the patrtot.sn, and fo.tttnde <,[ the victor and vanquished."* , , , ,. The Menehxns, a thirty -eight-gnn shtp, had lon„ 1 1 1 Qi,. Pufer Parlter. In tliat ship been connnanded by Su Petei f aiKe „e had unstained nnmerons enconnters vUl tl e K,e„el> ,.n the coasts of England and Italy. n March, ,814,Parker was on the eve of retiring fron., that ship s eoniniand, when he received an order t.Mn-eedo Bordeaux and join Admiral Malcolm. He sailed w i U that officer for America early in May. arriving at B . - ,„„,„ „ API,, ; thence he sailed for tfie ChesapeaK , and on the 27th of September he was detached by Ad- miral Cochran to assist in the blockade of the Port o Baltimore, having beside his ship two light draught smaller vessels. It was announced that Parker was engaged to be ,„arried to t.ord Byron's cousin. That noble lord by iaUeritance of his title, and worl.l-uide renowned den. ocrat by virtue of his sentiments; the most gUted poet ,,. „is age, has commemorated his friends and kin- „,an'sfate in " Kligiac stan.as, on the Death of Su Peter Parker, Baronet." Fr.un that poem, written probably lor the memorial volume luiblished^^^ ^^ Z^^ the battle field marker and tomb- *The inscription on bo h the battle occasion ; GENEkAI. PHILIP KEKD. fui petuate Parker's memory, are quoted the following verses "And, t^allant Parker! tluis enshrined Thy life, thy fail, thy fame shall be; And earthly valor glowing, find A model in thy memory." "Where shall they turn to mourn tliee less? When cease to hear tiiy cherished name ? Time cannot teach forgetfulness While grief's full heart is fed by fame." The ships of England, with sad reminders on board of them, bid farewell to the shores of the Ches- apeake. They passed beyond the capes, a part of them to a final fiehl of discomfiture, after which the cannon lapsed into silence and the mnsket became rusty, and may they evermore remain so ])etwpen the two nations while the same star of civilization shall light both nations on th^glorions track of destiny. Reed Avas again in retirement at Hunting-field farm. From his window he looked out on " The foam crested waves of the Chesapeake bay." He heard the songs of his slaves in the fields, and the warbling birds in the woods; he led the chase after the foxes, fished in the bay and saw the silvery shad whiten the shore of the river in spring season ; he o-unned in the forests for game, while before him swam the stately swan, and there were acres of water covered with wild ducks. He looked after his fields, provided for his slaves, fed his flocks, rode his horse 54 GF^Mr^RAL PHII.IP RREH. up and down tlie country ; got his mail, read his let- ters and his l)ooks, condncted his oorresx)ondence ; kept open doors and entertained his friends from the oyster-beds of the Chesapeake, which teemed in abnn- d;int I'ichness at his door. Though home have its lavish attractions ; one of a wandering mind will not stay there. The old salt soon tires of port and the lasses of the sailor-boarding-house. He longs to hear the w\af ting of the breeze rattling the cordage, creaking like spirit-sounds. From youth Reed had lived in a storm. Public lify is troubled w^ater. Those who have entered it are dissatisfied out of it ; into it the General was again to venture. It must be noted that since Caulk' s Field battle, the State had conferred upon him the rank of Brigadier C^eneral in grateful appreciation of his victory. He was elected to the House of Representatives in 1817. When the Military Appropriation Bill was up, he de- livered a speech upon it in which he claimed, "larger appropriations had been made than wei-e necessar}" for the payment oX the army ; that a part of the money appropriated under the head of military expenditures had l)een applied to the purpose of m:iking roads. It appeared clearly to him that the question on the ])]'op- osition to reduce the army ought to be first settled." In a second speech on the same subject, he thought "it very proper for the soldiers to be employed in con- structing and repairing barracks," etc., but he did not "think it right to expend the money in [mying them GENERAL PHILIP REED. 55 extra pay for such labor ; an extra ration might be given, but soldiei-s thus enniloyed on what was called extra labor were exempt I'roni all other duty at the time,'' and he '^did not think they ouglit to receive ex- tra pay for it ; it was the pioper duty of the army to construct bridges and i-oads i'or itself to pass over." An interesting event in his congressional career took place in the House, the 23d January, 1817, when he submitted the following preamble and resolution : " Whereas, A resolution was passed by Congress of the United States, on the 14th day of October in the following words, to wit : ''Resolved, That a monument })e ei-ected to the memory oC the late Major General, the Baron De Kall>, in the city of Ann polls, in the State oi Maryland, with the following inscription : "'Sacred to the memory of the Raron De Kalb, Knight of the Royal Order of France and Major Gen- eral in the service of the United States of America; having served with honor and reputation for three years, he gave a last and glorious \)V(Hii of his attach- ment to tlie liberties of mankind, and the cause of America, in the action near Camden, in the State of South Carolina, on 10th August, 1780, when leading the troops of the Maryland and Delaware lines against superior numbers, and animating by liis example to (^eeds of valor, he was pierced Avith many wounds, and on 10th following, expired in the 40th year of his age. The Co]ii;ress of the United States of America, in GEMEKAL PKILIP REED. DO o-vatitude to his zeal, service and merit, have erected this monument.' ^^ Resolved, therefore, That the aforegoing reso- lutions be referred to a select committee with instruc- tions to report a hill now to carry tlie same into effect." Mr Mercer advocated the resolutions. Mr. An- derson, of Kentucky, opposed them. "He would never vote for a monument to a snbordinate or a for eign officer so long as the remains of Washington lay neglected."' He moved to lay the resolution on the table. General Philip Reed was put on his mettle, and most courageously did he respond; "it was true," he said, "that a proposition was now before the Sen- •ite to carry into effect the resolutions of the old Con- gress which voted an equestrian statue for General Washington, but whether that should pass or not, ou-ht not to interfere with the present motion, and the fate of that proposition would not prevent him from calling on the House to carry into effect a law passed nearly forty years ago, and to which the faith .)nd honor of the nation were pledged. If Congress erected no monument to Washington, it would be no fault of his ; he would go as far as any gentleman m obtaining it. There was a law of the old Congress directing a monument to Montgon-.ery in the city of New York ; it had been neglected by the nation ; but the State of New York, to its lasting credit, had per- GENERAL PHILIP REED. 57 formed tluit; duty itself, and in the course of last year removed the boues of the immuital Moiiti^omery from tlie spot where he fell to the laud which lie had so gloriously defended. Propositions had frequently been brought forward in the House to erect a memo- rial of some kind to Washington, but for some rea- son or other, they were never carried. It had been said, the pages of history perpetuated the glory of AVashington ; but was not a monument also a history in which every one might read not only the virtues of the man, but also the gratitude of the country '' The question to lay Mr. Reed's motion on the table was carried by 7() yeas against 42 nays, and until recently, the pledge of an early Congress to do a patriotic act remained a dead-letter on the statute book. When all over the land the benign face of AVashington smiled on his countrymen ; when column, marble and bronze perpetuated his features, then the heroic Baron was remembered, s<> after all, Republics are not u.ngrateful. The first of February, 1819, Mr. Reed, in the House, delivered a long and vigorous speech on the Seminole war. It occupies thirteen columns in the ^'Annals of Congress." No one can read that speech and deny to Mr. Reed the grace of ornate sentence- making, lucidity of statement and fervor of rhetoric. He declined to support a resolution of approval of the act of General Jackson for having executed Arburth- not and Ambuerst. 58 GP.M.-.RAL PHHJP REED. In October, 1820, Reed contested with Jeremiah Cousden, the seat in Congress from the Sixth Mary- land District, composed of tlie connties of Harford, Cecil and Kent. The retnrns of the election made to the Governor and conncil, gave each an eqnal number of votes, neither having, "the greatest number of votes." The Governor and council awarded the seat to Cousden by one vote, who presented his credentiaLs to the House and was sworii in. Reed contested the election. He was successful, the House determining that the Governor and council conld not elect a member. During the contest, on motion of Mr. Sloane, INfr. Reed was permitted to appear within the bar and l)e heard. Cousden being temporarily seated, had the privileges of the floor. Both of them spoke for hours, when by a final vote of 82 to 74 Reed was sworn in. He thus explains why he did not vote on an im- portant question, in a note to the Speaker of the House, dated BOth March, 1822 : '' Severe indisposition pre- vented me fi'om attending the House on Thursday and recording my vote in favor of the Independence of the South American governments ; the same cause pre- vented me fi'om attending the Honse yestei-day ; nor was it until the hour of adjournment that I was in- formed that the members who were absent when tlie above vote was taken, were yesterda}" permitted l)y universal consent, to have their votes entered upon the Journal. Thus circumstanced 1 shall feel highly GENERAL PHILIP REED. [jC) honored by the House, il' they will permit my name to be recorded in the aifii-mative on that question, by plncing it with the yeas; or, if that cannot l)e done, l)y ])lacing this letter on the Journal/' The Congressional caieerof oui' soldier-statesman has enough in it to show that he was a capal)le public servant, and that he iutelligentlj/^ and faithfully dis- charged his constitutional duties to his constituents. As a specimen of his oratory the following extract does him honor: " There are two wavs by which a government may be overthrown ; one by too much tone, the othei- by t(.o much debility. We are told, however, that this country has nothiug to fear from oui' military commanders. This, sir, is the language which has been repeated in all countries. If, when C«Bsar was carrying on his wars against Britain, the question had been asked at Rome, whether Cffisar Avould overturn the liberties of his country, the answer would have been (with tlie exception of Cato) no ; C;esar is the friend of his country. Had it been asked of an Englishman, whether Cromwell would liave turned the Parliament out of doors and trampled under foot the liberties of his country, the answer no doubt would have been, Cromwell is the friend of lil)- erty. Had a Frenchman been asked whethei- the saint who now^ sits upon the rock of St. Helena, would turn tlie French Deputies out of doors at the point of the bayonet, the answer would have been no, Bona- parte is the friend of liberty."" ^ (^Q GENERAL PHliJP REElJ. At the expiration of his Congressional term, he ceased forever to be prominently connected with pnb- lic affairs. His last days were saddened by financial reverses through which nnfalteringly the confidence of the public sought to cheer and comfort him. No one snrvives who can recall him to us as he appeared in life. He was in presence and manners a o-entleman. He wore the conventional dress similar to that worn by Washington ; a ruffled shirt-bosom and a coat with a high collar. Tb.omas Vickers, who was a member of Usilton's artillery, spoke of him to the members of his family "as a noble man, a courageous man, who was not so large, either.'^ He was an orig- inal member of the Society of the Cincinnatti of Mary- land ; a vice-president of it, elected in 1828. His grand-son, Philip George Reed, in 1800, was made one of its secretaries. General Reed twice married ; he was buried by the side of his first wife in I. U. Parish Church. She was a Miss Hosanah Medford. The inscription on her tombstone tells all we can glean of her history. The General wrote it. It is a tender tribute to her virtues, and reads: "Sacred to the memory of Hos- anah Reed, daughter of George and Beatrice Reed Medford, and wife of Philip Reed, who departed this life on Wednesday, 10th Mai'ch, 1802, aged 29 years, months and f) days, leaving two young sons, Philip and George. She was an affectionate wife, a tender mother, a sincere friend and a good neighbour. She GENERAL PHILIP REED. 61 sustained a long and painl'nl illness with Christian patience and resignation. A fall from his carriage, by which his leg was fractured, deprived her affectionate husband of the power of paying her that unremitting attention to which her merits and virtues fully entitle her. This monumental stone is dedicated to her re- spected memory by him." " The end of the upright is peace." One of the aforementioned children, George, died in the early years of his boyhood. His second wife was a Miss Mary Medford ; she is buried in proximity to his grave, which place is marked by tombstones. By her he had two children, George Clinton Reed and Elizabeth Reed. During the year 1828, the United Sates govern- ment granted to the hero a pension for services in the Revolution ; it was of little avail ; it came to him too late. He who in early life had been high sheriff of Kent county from 1702 to 1795, was to receive a sum- mons from the Great High Sheriff of all the w^orlds in universal space to appear in His presence. An unusual solemnity overshadowed Hunting- field, the 2d of November, 1829 ; on that Monday, in the autumn of that year ; in the autumn of his life, Philip Reed, 69 years of age, departed for the invisi- ble world, and thereafter to this sphere ceased to be more than a memory ; a sweet, pure memory, fragrant and precious. Autumn was in its ripe, rich splendor, and spread around the warrior its mantle of yellow Q2 GENERAL PHILIP REED. leaves. Heaven's gates were thrown open for the ad- mission of one who was on earth a confessor of the true faith, to he received by tlie Master in His Princely Halls of Peace. May it not be asked, what palliation can l)e made for the long interval of neglect which permitted sev- enty-three years to choke with noxious growth the unmarked, unattended grave of the hero of this battle field 'i Why has been permitted the heroisnj of the men who followed their leader into the conflict, in the moonlight, to lapse almost from their memory;; Let that departed generation between us and the dead soldier, lie in graves unharmed by such inquiries. It might have saved for us narratives, but it did not ; it might have given the monuments we hnve reni'ed in an era when existing circumstances could have l)een recalled, but it did not. We have gathered together the crumbs of history from wherever found and placed them on the feast table of this day, and we have in- vited you to be seated, and to eat of the good food X)i'epared for tlie eurichment of your intellects and patriotism. And pray, what ought I to say of ourselves, who liave merely performed a duty, who have made tliis a monumental, gala day ; Avho have redeemed the grave and crowned it with the friendly granite, who shall henceforth command all who pass this way to halt by yon stone and read what we have written u^jon it in or- der that henceforth they shall not foi'^-et "tliat here is GKNEkAl. I'HIIJP REED. 03 valor's shrine and consecrated sod ;" that here Amer- ican patriots wrote in Mood wliicdi they cansed their assailants to shed the credentials of their own imnior- talitv ? May I not salnte yon i It was a landable act of generous patriotism foi- the owner of this blood-be- sprinkled field, to yrant the space on which the mon- umental stone stands, for its uplifting. I salute her in your names and in the names of the people whose tread will shortly be heard coming to this scene to read and commune with its past. I salute you, my com- rades of the committee, for what our eyes are permit- ted to behold on this proud, heaven-born and conse- <:;rated day. I salute all who are here present ; those who have come from the city across the bay, leaving behind them its spires and monuments, and those from the neighborhood around, you have brought General Reed from the obscurity of hanging shadows and re- concentrated upon him the loving gaze of the nation. And I salute the Republic, rich in heroes and heri- tages ; in swords and pens, in flags and cannon, in hearts of love and in minds of remembrance, worthy to be what it has grown, nurtured by servants conse- crated to its service. Hark ! hear you not the blast of an approaching herald, proclaiming to the ages in their appearing, behold the matchless jewels Columbia has in her sons ; and do you not see them, and can younotlx-hohl him whom we have eulogized, among the great nund)er of (^4 GENERAL PHILIP REED. the immortal army of the clouds >. On their brows are fadeless leaves which need no renewing- ; the breath of decay is not there ; life, eternal life, is the halo of their glory, the arch of their splendor. Hear ye not the herald again as he speaks ! they shall be kept in everlasting remembrance. At those words millions of people who have sprung into existence send up a shout which shakes the dome oL' the sky, and earth and heaven sing in united chorus, "they are ours ; they are imperishable ; the air they breathe is a living breatli and they can never die. They are our national gods; we have placed them in niches of fame and over them is the shield of the Republic, blazing in glorious efful- gence and having on it in flaming letters, Esto Per- GENERAi. t'HlLlP REED. 65 ADDRESS BY DR. ALBERT KIMBERLY HADEL. Dr. Albert Kimberly Hadel, of Baltiniore, repre- senting the Maryland Society of the War of 1812, in the city of Baltimore, in the absence of its president, John M. Dulaney, spoke as follows : Patriotic Ladies and Gentlemen of the Old Commonwealth : — I am before yon to-day to bring you fraternal greetings from the Society of the War of 1812 in Maryland, and from the General Society. We desire to congratulate you upon the work wdiich is completed to-day — work which is specially ours, that of marking historic spots in our beloved State and in celebrating events which record a glorious history. In marking the grave of General Philip Reed and Caulk' s Field you have honored yourselves, for while the contest which took place here was not a great bat- tle in point of number, it showed to the enemy the character of our people ; it show^ed to the world that, in the veins of the participants still ran the blood of the Revolution ; it show^ed that Marj^land could not be invaded with impunity, even by the most pow- erful nation on earth. But it is not my purpose to go into the details of the event which you commemorate to-day, after the splendid and exhaustive address of our patriotic comrade, William M. Marine. GENERAL 1*1 1 1 LI 1' REElJ. This act oi' defence, siiuill in comparison with others which histor}^ records, yet potential in shaping the ])olicy of defence which had to be developed rap- idly in the War of 1812, as was Lexington and Con- cord in the first war for Index:)endence. The history of events which led up to our Revo- lution is, or ought to be known to every school boy. It is known that for more than a hundred years our fath- ers bore with great patience born of English Christian- ity, the humiliation of being governed by weak-minded tyrants who by the accidents of birth became the rulers of the mother country. So patient w^ere our fathers that even in the Con- gress of 1775 it was not the jjrevailing sentiment of the delegates to dissolve the relations between mother and child, so great was their love for the land which had been the home of their ancestor's, and it was not until the doors of the British Ministry were closed in the face of Benjamin Franklin and his appeal to Parlia- ment returned with insult, that he turned his face to- ward his beloved country to report that hope for jus- tice must be abandoned — that his peoi)le must prepare for war. When the last act was passed which severed mor- ally their relations with Great Britain, a storm of in- dignation swept throughout the Kingdom. The great mass of the people sympathized with us in our strug- gle for justice. William Pitt in and out of Parlia- ment declared the acts of the ministers towards us were not only iniust but inhuman. Admiral Kex)pel said at his club one night that rather than light against the American Colonists he would resign. He was willing to fight against French- GENERAl, I'lllLll' KEKI). (57 men and Spaninids. ])ut ngainst their American brother, never. After the ii_<2,ht at Lexiiiii^ton and Concord the City Recorder of London api)eared in monrning; being asked whom he had lost, lie said: " My brothers in America Avhom yon have mnrdered." Lord Chatham, whose son was serving in the army in Canada reqnested that son to resign from the service immediately npon being ordered to follow his regi- ment to America. Granville Sharp, chief of ordinance in tlie war office, refnsed to attend to routine work incident to the sending of tr()oi)S to the Colonies. Lord Effingham, npon receiving orders to sail with his regiment for service in America, took off his nni- form and sent his resgination to the war office. Even the King's own brother, the Dtike of Clar- ence, asked and received a leave of absence to travel abroad that he might be freed from the hateful influ- ences of Lord North, who dominated the court of his brother, and it was at Metz, in France, that the gal- lant Lafayette heard from his lips the story of our trials, and it was that inforniation which gave him the inspiration whi(;h prompted him to leave his dear France which was then trembling before the shock of her own Revolution, to become a friend of our cause and a chosen comx)anion of our beloved Washington. The cry was heard in every part of England, "Down with the ministers," but George III dare not remove them, to come before the people, for an en- dorsement meant defeat, and it was with a sad heart that the people saw their friends and relatives sail away never to return, but to find graves in a hostile 63 GENERAL PHILIP REEL. land, sleeping in unmarked places 'til the final hour when the trump shall sound which will awake tlieni to that other life man has dreamed of since the creation. Regiment after i-egiment x^assed over the ocean to fight to death their kindred, but no human had the power to stay that cruel king. The destiny of that hated Tudor race was ordained but not yet written, yet it was the innocent men of his kingdom who would write that history in their blood. It was also the hour of trial for tlie Anglo-Saxon race, for it was at this time, through destruction of life and property that the highest conception of human government was to be made manifest by eight years of a bloody struggle which ended in 1781 at York- town. A treaty of peace was signed in Paris in 1783, but what that generation of Englishmen were forced by circumstances to agree to was to be violated by another. Indeed, the document signed was but a ces- sation of hostilities, for our old enemy never for a moment relinquished her intention to again become our political and commercial master, and never for a moment were we free from insults to our national be- ing, the great northwestern frontier being daily the scene of murders of our people by the English and their allies — and remember that for 29 years our fath- ers suffered their trials, and again in 1812 found them- selves at war with their relentless enemy, and mark you, with the same spirit of indignation manifest in our English cousins, and this feeling pervading every avenue, political, social and commercial, in Great Britain. The Duke of Wellington, it is said, refused to command the army of invasion, but strong as this sentiment was, nothiuii- could influence George IV- ■ GENEKAl. rtllLH' KEEU. 69 Destiny liad marked out another victim ; anotlier Tndor was on the throne, more bloody sacrilices were demanded. George lY had learned nothing from the failures of George III, and while our fathers fought noblv and won many victories. North Point and Plattsbnrg being the most influential and notable, for the battle of New Orleans was fought after a treaty of peace had been agreed upon, but we must thank the disturbed i)o]itical condition of Euroj^e for the x^t'ace which came in January, 1815, for that ambitious tyrant, Bonaparte, was on horseback and had arrayed himself against the allied powers. We are, however, confronted by the fact that witliout pandering to the Anglo-American fanatic, we owe much to our English blood with its combination of Gallic, Roman and Saxon Norman, and to Englishmen do we owe the full fruition of our struggle for absolute independence. Hands across the sea in 1902 are welcome as kin- dred, for it was the hands and hearts which came across the sea in 1776 and 1812 which gave us sub- stantial aid, which enabled us to make so bold an armed resistance. Finances which came to ns from our British friends and relatives not only helped us to buy arms but to bear them, for it is a well-known fact, thousands of British subjects enrolled themselves in our army in both of the two Wars for Independence, and fought gallantly beside our native-born Ameri- cans, and at greater risk, for capture meant death. The work of to-day is to mark an historic place and to x>ay a tribute to the men who on this battle- field maintained the honor of our dear Commonwealth and the nation, and ennobled American manhood. Shoulder to shoulder stood the children of tlie Round- 70 GENERAL PHILIP REEL. head, the Cavalier and the Hnguenot, whose fathers had not breathed the air of our free land without giv- ing to tlieir manhood a higher aspiration and a nobler cause to defend. Freedom here had a sweeter sound, for it was the full realization of man's desire to gov- ern himself, and, like the champions of old, they were willing to die that freedom might survive. To the men of the Revolution w^e owe the concep- tion of our government, and no monuments or tablets will pay the debt But it was the War of 1812 which assured to us that for which the Revolution was inau- gurated but which it did not attain, and in the evolu- tion of things it has come to pass that the child of a cruel parent has outgrown itself, that the feeble re- sults of the Revolution have become the most })ower- ful factor in the family of nations. Our influence upon the moral and })liysical forces of the world have been so stimulating that even our most optimistic citizens are amazed, and this has not been the result of war but the victories of peace and industry. Our fathers waged w^ar for the establishment of free institntions, but we have waged the war of peace and fellowship that these institutions might survive all things, that our dear land might continue to the end of time as the haven of the oppressed of all nations. When we pro- claim to the world our superiority in all things it is no idle boast, for it is proved by fact and now ac- knowledged by all, that our supremacy is unrivaled, our moral and physical forces incalculable and results in a manhood of such su])eriority as to be the marvel of human construction. Show me a nation which stands alone as on rs does, absolute!}^ independent of the world, free of foreign complication, self-depen- GENERAL PHILIP REED. 71 dent, with a wealth of agiicultuie, mineral, manufac- ture and commerce rapidly chasing- the other nations over the map of the universe, and with an activity which startles even our wisest statesmen and almost at a leap becomes the financial center of the world. With the early future conies a magnificent navy to carry our proud banner to the ends of the earth, and when necessary a mighty army of defence. Through the wisdom of our law-makers w^e shall be- come the conquerors of the world, for its Americani- zation has begun, and it is not a vanity of the 2()th century, for the greatest achievement of the years has been the rapid rise of a new race of i»eople, now per- fectly distinct, and shall be known in all times as ^'Americans r yet, with a just i)ride and true esti- mate of the value of those qualities which come to ns from those who came from '' Merry England,'' the land of their birth and of Alfred the Great, Cromwell, Mil- ton, Shakespeare, Scott and Burns. As we ascend to the height of power and prosper- ity, and claim the undisputed right to stand at the head of the English speaking nations, it is with the promise to the nations still lying in the darkness of past ages, that we stand for peace, not war ; life, not death ; prosperity, not destruction ; freedom for all and a fuller enjoyment of the blessings of citizenship. The right hand of fellowship will destroy that of plunder, and in the end our influences for good will be our desideratum and by our rectitude we will erect a monument to christian civilization. This, fellow-countrymen, I ])elieve t(. 1)e our destiny. DR. ALBERT KIMBERLY HADEL. 72 GENEKAi. PHILIP REEl.. The swoid ul" (Teiieral Reed, now in possession of Dr. Thomas B. Willson, to whose fatlier General Reed gave it, was in evidence, and was placed upri,G,'lit against the markei-. A gun rdaimed to be the one wliicdi shot Captain Parker, with powder horn, lar on the table njjon the stand. One of the most interesting events of the occasion was the x)l'^it'ing of a large wreath of green leaves on the marker by Mrs. Thomas Hill, whicli took place at its nnveiling. The British flag used was furnished by a steamer of that nationality, whose name cannot be stated. Six steamers competed for the honor of furnishing a flag of England for the occasion. The choice was decided by lot. The American Hag was furnished by the Chester River Steamboat Company. GENERAL FHILII' REFD. 7 '> The Grave-Stone Unveiled* IVtweeii four and five hundred citizens ol* Kent county. ACaryland, participated in the ceremonies oi' unveiling tlie monumental slab which had been placed over the grave of General Philip Reed in the ceme- tery at Christ Church, Parish of I. T., Kent county, Md., Diocese of Easton, on Sunday, October 26, 1902, at three o'clock i'. M. The day was cheerless and bleak, yet there was no dampening of the patriotic ardor of those who had assembled to honor their hero. Nearly every section of the county contributed its quota of representative citizens, and the exercises were marked by a dignity and simplicity in perfect harmony with the charactei- of the great Kent countian whose his- tory was being perpetuated in appropriately-marked granite. The picturesque beauty of the country church-yard gave added impressiveness to the appro- priate ceremonies which were being carried out. The slab is a solid granite block, six feet long, three feet wide, one foot thick, and lies tlat upon the grave. On this occasion it was surrounded by potted plants and cut flowers— a large wreath of green leaves crowned its surface, and a neat staif upon which to hoist the flag with whicli it was veiled, stood grace- fully at its head. Inscription on the Slab* GENERAL PHILIP REED, A SOLBTET. OF THE ReVOLFTIOiS^ AND THE War of 1812, Heko of CAULK'S FIELD, United States Senatoh and Member of the House ov Repkesentatiyes. Born 1760. Died 1829. GENERAL PHILIP REED. 7.0 A uuniber of iiatioiml and dtlier livmns formed a stirring featnrf^ oi" the unveiling service : every indi- vidual in the tlirong joined in them. The singing was led by an organ, at which Miss Olivia AVilkius pre- sided, and by a quartet of brass instruments in the hands of Prof. John Cannan, Foster Cannan, Benja- min Greenwood and Roland Matthews, under the able direction of Mr. Walter W. Chaiunan. A choir com- posed of Mrs. C. T. Denroche, Mrs. Alwyn X. Stavely, Mrs. Allan Harris, Mr. and Mrs. G. Wright Nicols ; Misses Hellen Wilkins, Isabel Beck, Hallie Westcott, Wheeler Peterson, Xellie Valliant. Lilian Greenwood, Erie Grimes, Elizabeth Pennington ; Prof. L. Harris Crewe. Nesbitt Trenchard, Thomas W. Perkins, Prof. Edw. J. Clarke, Mr. and Mrs. C. B. Lamb and others, gave the multitude substantial aid in every offering of prayer and ])raise in song. The ceremonies were devoutly opened, "In the Xame of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, Amen." and followed by the hymn, "Our Father's God, to Thee." An address was then delivered by the Rev. Chris. T. Denroche. Rector of St. PauFs and I. U. Parishes, after which the stone was fornmlly unveiled in re- sxK)nse to his following words : " It is now my happy duty, uf which I am hon- estly proud, to respectfully request and direct that the grave stone be now unveiled."' Immediately, Miss Elizabeth Anna Nicols, only dauahter of Mr. and Mrs. Harrv Nicols, of Worton, Md., and a great-grand niece of General Reed's wife, removed the handsome American flag from the pol- ished and engraved face of the massive granite slab. 7fi GENERAL PHILIP REED. and laid it at the Lx)ot of the staff iu gmceful fokls. The Rector then gave voice to tlie following beau- tiful sentence, well adapted to the solemn heart-feel- ing which such an event inspired : " In honor of the man who lies beneath this stone, and in order that the flag, which he, our heroic gen- eral, loved so well during his life, shall wave over his remains, we now hoist 'Old Glory.' " At these words, Mr. Edward W. Hepbron, a ves- tryman of I. U. Parish, slowly hoisted the General's loved flag, and as it floated gloriously in a stiff breeze the congregation, in loyal devotion, burst grandly into hymn 197, " O, Lord of Hosts ! Almighty King," " Singing and making melody in their heai'ts to the Lord." While this hymn was being sung, Mrs. Thomas Hill placed a delicate tracery of smilax over the face of the stone. Mr. Denroche then said : "We proceed now to Bless and Dedicate this memorial slab : — " In the name of the Father and of the Holy Ghost. Amen. "We, Christopher Thomas Deni'oche, Priest, Rector of the parishes of St. Paul's and I. U., Kent county, Md., in the presence of the vestrymen of I. U. and of the congregation here assembled, do solemn- ly Bless and Dedicate this grave and grave-stone, to the glory of God, and to the pious memory of General Philip Reed, who was a soldier of the Revolution and of the War of 1812, Hero of Caulk' s Field, Kent county, Md., United States Senator, member of the House of Representatives and sometime a member and vestryman of the parish. CiENEkAl. rmiJl' KEFA). 77 "Given at Clirisr Cliiiicli, in the Parisli ul I. U., ill rhellth year of our rectorate on the 26tli day ol' October, beino- the 22nd Sunday after Trinity, in tlie 3' ear of our Lord, 1902." The Lord's prayer and a select collect from the burial service were then used. Softly and with deep feeling, the choir and people sang the lovely hymns of faith, ^'Asleep in Jesus,'' '' Lead, Kindly Light," and ^' Praise God from Whom all Blessings Flow." The benediction was then given, and the people were dismissed, edified and instructed, happy and satis- fied, havinii- (hme well-merited honor to a brave hero, and iio})le Christian of tlieii' county and State. 78 GENKKAI. I'llll.ll' kKI-;i;'. ADDRESS OF REV. CHRIS. T. DENROCHE. To riiK I>A iKJK-HKA i;'ii:i) ( 'iii/.kns oi Kknt County. (tIiektin(; : As a represfATitativc body oi" loyal Aineiicans. you now srand ai-oinid (lie iiiojiurriPnt uliicli lias bcon placed o\eneaMi this stone inenioiial slab of granite are the remains of (ieneral Philij) Reed. It is well-known tliat a lovin;.;' desire to honor rhc memory of Genei-al Philip Heed, by erecting a monu- ment over his grave, has strongly i)ervaded the miiids and hearts of the nienibeis of 1. ('. congi-egaiioii, and of jriany other citizens of our coiinry. Tor yeai-s ; ])ut I hat owing to delicate and a[)i)arently insurinountable considerations they have been unable to bring their loving desii-es to any ju-actical issue. Within the last few years circumstaiic^es have altered, and have justified practical action in the mat- ter, and have allowed you to bi-ing to completion the previously hampered and loving desires ol' yoiii- wor- thy and loval hearts. (;i-:nI'.kai. iiiii.ii' i2 if was my pi'ivilege to be el('(;t(Ml I'ectoi-oi' Si. PaiiTs and 1. U. Parishe.s, Kent county, Md. In I. LI. Parish the stoi'j of (Teneral Phili]) Keed soon caiix^ t«i my ears, with the infoi-mation that his re- mains had hiid in the l)iirial ground hf^re i'oi' some seventy yeai's in an iinmai'ked grave. At that titne — as none ol' the I'oi-mei' difficulties opposed themsel\es — I coiisulted the leading members of the congi'ega- tion a s to t he propriety of having a memorial stone pro- <'ured lo mark the spot for future liciiei-ations. This idea recei\('(I iin(|iialified a])proval. The matter was then ])roiight before business men genei-ally. Mi". Charles (^ox IToppei', of Chestertown ; Caiitain Colum- bus A. Leary, of Edesville, and ('olonel William M. Maiine, of P>altimore, were my fii-st piactical advisei's. AJanv others seconded tlieii' valuaJjle snugestions. Subsequently, an infoi-mal meeting was held at the { 'hestei'town " T]ans<-ri[)t '" iievvs])aper (jffi(;e. It was tlieie resolved that this icdigious object should be at <)nc<% aji/r//^^r— Commissioned. Lieutenant in the 3rd. Regiment ot* the Maryland line, on October 13, 1778, and served bravely throughout the whole War of the Revolution. He commanded the militia in 1814 which repelled the British at Caulk' s Field, Kent County. Md., and was then made Brigadier General of the' Maryland Militia. In 1828 he was pensioned for iiis valuable services during the Revolution, but died on November 2, 1829, at Huntinglield, Kent county, Md., his pension being of little use to him. ''In the U. aS'. Senate— Yi^i was a United States Senator from 1806 to 1807 (one year) having been elected as successor to the Hon. Robert AVright, who p,(^ GENERAL PHILIP REED. resigned to become Governor of liis State. In ISO? he was re-elected to the Senate for the fiilP term of six years till 1813, thus holding his senatorship tor seven years. "His colleague all through his senatorial services was General Samuel Smith, of Baltimore, the hero of Fort iNIililin. In the House — He served during the l^th Con- gress, from December, 1817, to March, 1839 ; and in the 17th Congress from March 20tli, 1822, to March 3, 1823. "Tu 1818-10, he was an influential n;embei' of the committee ou military nifni]-s. liended by Richaid M. Johnson, of Kentucky." My Dear Fkiends and Fkllow-Citizkxs :— The purpose of our meeting on this Sunday :ind in this cemetery of the Parish of I. U., in the county of Kent, Md., and in the Diocese of Easton, is to unveil and to dedicat*^ a mouumentnl grave stoup to tlie (iloi-y of God, and in lioiioi :ii»1h nie-niory of (i^ncral l*iiili[) Heed, a noble hero of our Slalc and county. In honoring tliedead, we are executing a stiictly reliirious duty well worth v of performance on this venerable, holy day. As the subject matter of this as secuiai- considei'ations in its i-eiigicus as])ect, 1 desil■<^ with apology to you, indulgence in selecting a text, not from the Bible, but from the works of the immor- tal Shakespeare, and though a text is usually aii- nounced at the beginning of a sermon, I hope you will forgive me for announcing it in this place. My text will be foun