J LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. t 
 
 I UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. I 
 
SECESSION" 
 
 OR 
 
 $r0se in gfcgme 
 
 AND 
 
 EAST TENNESSEE 
 $ foem 
 
 BY 
 
 AN EAST TENNESSEEAN. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA : 
 PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR 
 
 1864. 
 
Li 
 
 Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1863, hy 
 
 S. T. LOGAN A CO., 
 
 in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the 
 Eastern District of Pennsylvania. 
 
secession; 
 
 OR, 
 
 $« in gjjpe. 
 
 AN EAST TENNESSEEAN. 
 
 "Behold all ye that kindle a fire, that compass yourselves about with 
 sparks; walk in the light of your firo and in the sparks that ye hava 
 kindled."— Is. 1. 11. 
 
SECESSION. 
 
 What pen can trace, with just impression, 
 
 The glowing wonders of Secession, — 
 
 So peaceful once, so warlike now, 
 
 "With ghastly form and frowning brow? (1) 
 
 Once holding out, by way of suction, 
 
 The principle of reconstruction ; 
 
 !Now branding all as traitors, who 
 
 Would past alliances renew ; (2) 
 
 At home, arousing States to fear 
 
 That Abolition's sway was near ; 
 
 Abroad, denying that such cause 
 
 Made States and men defy the laws ; 
 
 Here, charging home, like cunning knaves, 
 
 That " Lincoln's War " would free the slaves ; 
 
 There, begging England's cash and aid, 
 
 To speed the progress of "Free Trade;" 
 
 1* (6) 
 
b SECESSION. 
 
 Here, fighting for the right to man, 
 
 There, offering Abolition plan ; 
 
 Now, claiming Cotton as the King 
 
 Of all the world — the magic spring 
 
 To press crowned monarchs to their knees, 
 
 And make them do just as we please ; 
 
 But, finding dull that cotton phasis, 
 
 Proclaiming it a specie basis ; 
 
 Then, teaching that all men should spurn it, 
 
 And, with religious fervor, burn it ; (4) 
 
 Inviting foreign intervention 
 
 To stop, at once, a fierce contention ; 
 
 But foiled, denying recognition 
 
 As needful, in our strong condition ; (5) 
 
 With Protean shape, chameleon hue, 
 
 Forever changing, ever new — 
 
 A thing of magic and of might, 
 
 Ne'er warped to wrong, but always right ! 
 
 "Who hath not heard that "Washington, 
 "With all its wealth, would soon be won ? (6) 
 That one brave bee, of Southern hive, 
 From Northern swarms, could vanquish five ? 
 That craven Yankees would not fight, 
 And, seeing us, must take to flight ? 
 
SECESSION. 
 
 That war their fields might desolate, 
 But dare not visit Southern State ? 
 Tho', if it came, then glory's blaze 
 Should burn it out in sixty days ? 
 "While Southern men need have no fears, 
 As none might fight but Volunteers ? (7) 
 
 Who doth not know that Washington 
 Has not been reached, will ne'er be won ; 
 That one live Yankee is as much 
 As Southern knight may safely touch ; 
 And that to tread on Northern soil 
 Somehow produces strange recoil ? 
 Who hath not seen the fierce conscription — 
 In all its moods, beyond description — 
 Compel the twelve months' Volunteers, 
 Against their will, to serve three years ? (8) 
 Hunt Union sympathizers down, 
 And, handcuffed, bring them into town ? 
 Who doth not feel that War, defied, 
 Has sadly humbled Southern pride, 
 When conquering legions come at will, 
 Our lands and harbors all to fill ? 
 
8 SECESSION. 
 
 Who now can Northern courage doubt 
 When promised victory proved a rout ? 
 
 If tidings of their fame you seek, 
 Go view the flight at Fishing Creek ; 
 If useful truth not prone to shun, 
 Behold the fall of Donelson ; 
 If falsehood, trained to scorn and hate, 
 Of many a stronghold read the fate, 
 And learn that every place which fell 
 Was heralded — impregnable ! 
 No foeman's face should e'er be seen 
 To frown, or smile, at Bowling Green ; 
 Columbus, Island Number Ten, 
 Could never yield to Yankee men ; 
 While Norfolk, New Orleans, Shiloh, 
 Would each inflict a fatal blow, 
 And Vicksburg, as a fortress stand, 
 The pride and boast of Dixie land ! (9) 
 
 The people drank the bitter cup 
 As, t)ne by one, they all " went up ; " 
 But, in their grief, were blandly told 
 That neither place was — jit to hold! 
 
SECESSION. 
 
 If Lee, with cannon, sword, and lance, 
 On Northern soil makes proud advance, 
 His aim will thousand tongues unfold 
 To conquer towns with daring bold ; 
 To seize their Railroads, burn their cars, 
 And wave o'er cities " Stars and Bars ; " 
 But if, perchance, each nobler deed 
 Is baffled by the impetuous Meade — 
 If, with a routed army, Lee, 
 O'er swollen streams, is forced to flee, 
 He never purposed to remain ; 
 His object was — to save his train ; 
 And, tho' he retrogrades his track, 
 'Tis no retreat, but— "falling back 1 1" (10) 
 
 Ere war began, a wordy flood 
 Of eloquence, belittled blood, 
 And Orators, ere war should stop, 
 Would spill their last and reddest drop ; 
 But, since they raised the awful flame, 
 Their best performances, how tame ! 
 The tattered Southern army view, 
 Dragged out by an ambitious crew 
 Of selfish leaders, 'gainst the right 
 And their own native land to fight. 
 
10 SECESSION. 
 
 How few of those who strove to fire 
 The Southern heart with war and ire, 
 Among their guilty, naughty pranks, 
 E'er deemed it safe to join the ranks ! 
 How many of the selfish brutes 
 Were swift to hire substitutes, 
 Themselves from all exposure shield, 
 But others urge to take the field, 
 "While they could stay at home and make 
 Whatever gains they chose to take : 
 Or, if provoked by pride or shame, 
 On tented field to win a name, 
 They, from their firesides ventured out, 
 To share in victory or rout, 
 'Twas only that as officers, 
 With gilded coats and brazen spurs, 
 They might the soldier's duties shun, 
 And snatch the fame that he had won ! 
 
 What useful lessons spur our sense, 
 When taught by sour experience! 
 We've learned " Virginia's sacred soil," 
 Like common earth, may bleed and toil ; (11) 
 
SECESSION. 11 
 
 That Tennessee in zeal may flag 
 
 To witness the dismay of Bragg, 
 
 And that our Floyd was taught to dance, 
 
 In reels, by master Rosecrans — 
 
 An active, flying Dutchman, who 
 
 Our straggling armies will pursue; 
 
 Or, if outnumbered, hold his own 
 
 "With all the masses round him thrown. 
 
 But what of these ? Bring Conscripts out ; 
 
 The men of fifty oft are stout, 
 
 And, should they strive to hide or fly, 
 
 The lash and ball you may apply — 
 
 No Volunteer so freely fights 
 
 As one who's forced to seek his rights. (12) 
 
 Old Union never gazed upon 
 Such piebald rights as have been won ; 
 By valor gained, in open day ; 
 These let Secession proud display — 
 A motley group of great and small, 
 But, in hotch pot, behold them all. 
 
 The right to have our ports blockaded, 
 And our own paradise invaded ; 
 
12 SECESSION. 
 
 To be, at once, sublimely roasted 
 
 With "that same" fire of which we boasted. 
 
 The right of Preachers, who inherit, 
 From ancient Seers, "a lying spirit," (13) 
 To prophesy that we, in battle, 
 Should slay our brethren just like cattle ; 
 But, when the fiery tide was turning, 
 "With hell-born inspiration burning, 
 Besetting heaven that war should cease, 
 And wrestling lustily for peace, 
 As if the just would deign to hear 
 Prayers meant alone for human ear. (14) 
 
 The right to banish silver, gold, 
 And paper promises unfold, 
 Printed and paid, amidst duress, 
 In every shape of ugliness ; (15) 
 To laud each petty corporation 
 That labors to build up a nation ; 
 To fill your pockets with "shin-plasters," 
 Prolific fruits of cash disasters, 
 And take as good, all free from stricture, 
 Whatever rags display a picture. 
 
SECESSION. 13 
 
 The right to force your hay and oats (16) 
 With, or without, Confederate notes ; 
 To have j'our mules and horses prest, 
 And swear that you have been caressed; 
 To see your treasured wheat and flour 
 Consumed by military power ; 
 To part with fodder, corn, and bacon, 
 At arbitrary value taken ; 
 And feel that farmers freely bleed 
 'Neath prices stamped by lawyer Sneed — (17) 
 A man whose mind alone enlarges 
 When pondering o'er his own huge charges* 
 
 The right to let rude soldiers seize 
 Your milk and poultry when they please ; 
 Grab all your bed-clothes, sugar, honey, 
 And think your murmurs very funny ; 
 The right to have your country take 
 Tour leather for the army's sake ; 
 In one of patriotism's fits, 
 To make your harness of oak splits, (18) 
 And let your wives and children go 
 Barefooted through the mud and snow ; 
 2 
 
14 SECESSION. 
 
 "While some young stripling, -whom it suits, 
 Struts, high and fby, in seven-leagued boots ! 
 
 The right to have your stills destroyed 
 That liquors may be well employed — 
 For common soldiers all " go dry" 
 That officers may frolic high — (19) 
 The right to make your coffee, tea, 
 Of rye, or roots, and boast you're free ; 
 To learn the art of breeches thatching, 
 Grow skilled in many-colored patching ; 
 "Wear faded clothes till old and rotten, 
 And make the new of Dixie cotton. (20) 
 
 The right to close all business doors, 
 And do without the shops and stores ; 
 To see your loving wife grow mad 
 When pins and needles can't be had ; 
 Heave sighs for silks and calico, 
 And wonder where the sugars go ; 
 To grasp you sternly by the throat, 
 "With rents in her last petticoat, 
 Or wear some hideous hat or bonnet 
 And scream a threadbare rebel sonnet ! 
 
SECESSION. 15 
 
 The right to travel as first-class. 
 But, like a negro, show your pass; (21) 
 Large hires to pay for substitutes, 
 Then be compelled to "go it, boots;" (22) 
 And, when Secession cuts a caper, 
 The news to read — on wrapping paper. 
 
 The right to pay the heaviest tax (23) 
 That ever broke a people's backs — 
 (In vain the sturdiest Southern writhes 
 At thoughts of paying cash and tithes) — 
 The right to hear of sons well-fed, 
 In distant armies, bravely led ; 
 To be assured they get relief 
 Against the climate, with mule beef, 
 And that 'tis glorious when they die, — 
 They know not where, and care not why. (24) 
 
 The right to disarm Union men 
 By dash of Zollicoffer's pen ; (25) 
 With tents and blankets to dispense, 
 And burn their cheap or costly fence ; 
 Their houses search, their persons seize, 
 With hostile bands of Cherokees ; 
 
10 SECESSION. 
 
 Then " devilish Yankees " to abuse 
 "Who negroes iu their service use. 
 
 The right to dream that all's impartial 
 "Which may be done by Provost Marshal ; 
 To view the scum of all the nation 
 Promoted to official station ; (26) 
 By drumhead law, to hang bridge burners, 
 In terror to Secession spurners; (27) 
 To murder men and boys unarmed, 
 Who are not with its beauties charmed ; 
 "When startled renegades evanish, 
 Their goods to steal, their wives to banish, (28) 
 And give your safety the eclat 
 Of bayonet courts and martial law. (29) 
 
 Such priceless rights he never felt, 
 "Who, at the Union altar, knelt ; 
 Such blessings ne'er were seen or sent 
 In our " old, rotten government;" 
 They came — so willed the smiling fates — 
 From our beloved Confederate States ! 
 
 Let these, and other changes prove, 
 How their whole country all should love; 
 
SECESSION. 17 
 
 How Washington's Farewell Address 
 May every noble mind impress ; 
 How wise and just his sage reflections 
 On party names and wars of sections ; 
 What madness has controlled the hour, 
 And wildly led with demon power ! 
 
 Oh ! Union, born in throes and blood, 
 Well nurtured by the wise and good, 
 What wickedness has sought thy life, 
 'Mid civil broils and party strife ! 
 'T was thine to crown with happiness 
 A land that Heaven rejoiced to bless ; 
 Extend to all a parent's care, 
 With poor and rich thy bounties share ; 
 Whate'er was wrong, subdue, correct, 
 Nor smallest privilege neglect ; 
 'Twas thine to give the exile home, 
 Guard well thy people should they roam ; 
 Shield citizens in desert sands, 
 Or wandering o'er the prairie lands ; 
 Exact from Savages and Kings 
 
 The homage that from power springs ; 
 2* 
 
18 SECESSION. 
 
 Of Liberty the guide to be 
 
 In newborn States begot of thee, 
 
 And see thy children thrive and grow 
 
 "With active limbs and healthful glow ; 
 
 Wealth springing up at their command, 
 
 From mines of ore and teeming land, 
 
 With naught to fear or emulate 
 
 Save progress in a rival State ! 
 
 With thee, religion, equal law, 
 
 Went, hand in hand, the vile to awe ; 
 
 Thy youth were taught, and hoary age, 
 
 In safety, spoke its counsels sage ; 
 
 The humblest man in power or place 
 
 Might boldly his accuser face, 
 
 And from the courts of right demand 
 
 A speedy trial in native land ; (30) 
 
 No hidden foe could have him borne 
 
 Away, in distant jail to mourn; 
 
 No myrmidon could keep him there, 
 
 For Justice reached him everywhere, 
 
 And Law's great writ of common right 
 
 Flashed o'er him its resplendent light; (31) 
 
 No coward fears, no false alarms 
 
 The people robbed of safety's arms ; 
 
SECESSION. 19 
 
 Long-cherished charters did assure 
 
 Their property and lives secure ; 
 
 No fetters chained the free-born mind, 
 
 No prisons innocence confined ; 
 
 The ruffian's search, the assassin's tread, 
 
 Ne'er filled the land with silent dread ; (32) 
 
 The tyrant's power, unfelt, unknown, 
 
 By patriot fathers overthrown, 
 
 Existed, in the dreamy past, 
 
 Like memory of a thunder blast, 
 
 And, in the sunshine of the day, 
 
 The horrid phantom fled away ! 
 
 Where'er thy flag disturbed the breeze, 
 
 On oceans wide or distant seas, 
 
 Already had thy matchless name 
 
 Aroused the trumpet blast of fame ; 
 
 O'er all the earth down-trodden man 
 
 Revered the word — American ; 
 
 And panting to be great and free, 
 
 His fondest wishes turned to thee — 
 
 The despot's foe, the living light 
 
 To guide the struggling nations right ! 
 
 Shades of our country's champions ! where 
 Dwell ye amid the ambient air? 
 
20 SECESSION. 
 
 Are ye allowed to see or know 
 
 All that occurs on earth below? 
 
 Are Freedom's heroes, when they die, 
 
 Wafted above the deep blue sky ? 
 
 Their thronging spirits ! may they tell 
 
 How conflict rages like a hell ? 
 
 And can ye yet exert a power 
 
 To lull the storms that darkly lower V- 
 
 It cannot be — or Washington 
 Would sternly censure what we've done, 
 And hush the cannon that declare 
 Our slight of his paternal care ! 
 It cannot be — or Jackson fierce, 
 The grave's dark gloom would boldly pierce, 
 And back to earth, in wrath return, 
 " With thoughts that breathe, and words that 
 
 burn!" 
 It cannot be — or Webster, great 
 In all the lore that forms a State, 
 Would, for the Constitution, plead, 
 And shout — of Anarchy take heed ! 
 It cannot be — or matchless Clay 
 The veil that hides would tear away, 
 And his tall form erect display 
 
SECESSION. 21 
 
 Arrayed in dazzling robe of white, 
 And, flashing with angelic light, 
 Upon an arching rainbow stand, 
 Viewed by a torn and bleeding land ; 
 And, with an eloquence new-born, 
 A maddened people loudly warn ; 
 Bid War's infernal carnage cease, 
 And million's voices cry for peace ! 
 
 What hissing curse, or crushing blast, 
 Shall be o'er perjured traitors cast, 
 Who swore their country to sustain, 
 But gladly give that country pain ? (33) 
 Who can atone for all the blood 
 That deluges, like angry flood, 
 And fills a land with groans and tears, 
 That happiest stood among her peers ? 
 
 The orphan child, the widowed wife, 
 The soldier ruined, maimed for life ; 
 The patriot scourged, the prisoner freed, 
 All who have suffered, all who bleed ; 
 The thousands who in lies believed, 
 The millions in their hopes deceived ; 
 
22 SECESSION. 
 
 The cheerless homes, the ruins black, 
 The fields thrown out to "War's wild track ; 
 The very horses, starved and thin, 
 "With ghosts of murdered men, begin, 
 In bitterest strains, to chant, rehearse, 
 The traitor's doom, the tory's curse ! 
 
 Where'er the} T go, let withering scorn 
 Against their coming quickly warn ; 
 "Whate'er they say, let shy distrust, 
 In doubt, deny their statements just ; 
 Whate'er they do, let jealous eyes 
 Their best performances despise ; 
 From their vile presence turn away, 
 Trust not the miscreants who betray ; 
 Do not their callous conscience mock 
 With oaths that cannot bind or shock ; 
 Withhold the honors they may seek 
 With brazen front or bearing meek; 
 Imbue your children with a dread 
 Of all who in Rebellion led; 
 And, while its gay, deluded fair, 
 And misled votaries you spare, 
 Let every proud, detested name, 
 Be " damned to everlasting fame ! " 
 
NOTES. 
 
 (1.) Previously to the war, and with the view of 
 creating the belief that such an event was impossible, 
 there was an incessant cant, among Southern leaders, 
 in favor of " peaceable secession." 
 
 (2.) The doctrine of " Reconstruction " was freely 
 promulgated until all the seceding States "went out;" 
 but afterwards it was regarded as treason to speak of it. 
 
 (3.) The Southern Commissioners, who were sent to 
 England, knowing the hostility of that country to 
 slavery, argued there that Abolition was not the cause 
 of the war, and referred to Mr. Lincoln's inaugural to 
 prove it. It was said that, after lashing the whole 
 South into fury on the slavery question, they offered 
 a plan for the gradual abolition of slavery ; and repre- 
 sented opposition to Free Trade as the cause of the 
 war ! 
 
 (4.) Southern leaders boasted that " Cotton was 
 King," until they began to believe themselves mon- 
 archs of all the earth. Their boasts, as to European 
 dependence, have not been fulfilled. Cotton has not 
 
 (23) 
 
24 NOTES. 
 
 been made a specie basis to sustain tbe Confederate 
 currency, as they promised j and Confederate notes, 
 even among themselves, are 1500 per cent, below par. 
 
 (5.) In the hope of keeping up the spirits of the 
 people, Southern papers have published articles, ad 
 nauseam, upon foreign intervention, ever since the 
 war began. But, of late, they argue it would be of 
 no service. See the fable of the Fox and the Grapes. 
 
 (6.) Mr. Secretary Walker declared, in his speech 
 at Montgomery, on the 12th of April, 1861, that " the 
 flag which now flaunts the breeze here, would float 
 over the old Capitol at Washington before the first of 
 May ; " and many a deluded soldier believed him. 
 
 (7.) It was a stereotyped expression that " one 
 Southerner could whip five Yankees ; " yet, ages ago, 
 it was said : " Let not him that girdeth on his harness 
 boast himself as he that putteth it oft"." 
 
 (8.) The Conscript Law was passed to keep the 
 Southern army together. Thousands, who had volun- 
 teered to serve twelve months, were forced into the 
 three years' service. In executing the law, in East 
 Tennessee, Union men and women were whipped, and 
 the latter sometimes hung, to make them tell where 
 the Conscripts were secreted. Many were shot, and 
 nothing was more common than to bring them tied 
 and handcuffed into the little towns. At Knoxville, 
 conscripts were whipped, compelled to wear the ball 
 and chain, and, in some instances, hung for desertion. 
 Captain Harris, a respectable young man. of Jeffer- 
 
NOTES. 25 
 
 pon County, was sentenced to be hung, although he 
 was never in the Confederate service, on the technical 
 ground that, as his name had been enrolled, he was to 
 be regarded as a soldier. It was with the utmost 
 difficulty that his numerous relations and friends ob- 
 tained a commutation of the punishment to imprison- 
 ment for life. 
 
 (9.) Before the capture of the places named, they 
 were each represented as of great consequence and 
 impregnable. Afterwards, it was said they were not 
 good strategic positions, and had been badly fortified ! 
 
 (10.) Southern papers never admit that an army is 
 defeated. They modestly call it — "falling bade ! " 
 
 (11.) Poor old Virginia! Land of politics and 
 pride, and victim of traitors ! The cotton States were 
 too smart for her, and transferred the war to her 
 sacred soil. She rushed into it without cause, and 
 her fields are desolate; her bosom, a graveyard ! She 
 has nothing left but the Resolutions of '98. 
 
 (12.) The phrase most popular among Southern 
 men, was that they were "going out of the Union to 
 get their rights." The enumeration which follows, if 
 not poetical, is, at least, true, and drawn from actual 
 occurrences. 
 
 (13.) Once upon a time, the question was put : — 
 "Who shall entice Ahab, king of Israel, that he may 
 go up and fall at Ilamoth Gilead V And a spirit said : 
 " I will entice him and be a lying spirit in the mouth 
 of all his prophets." There were 400 against one; 
 3 
 
26 NOTES. 
 
 yet Ahab fell, as Micaiah predicted ; and our Parsons 
 may learn that it is not always right to " follow a mul- 
 titude to do evil." 
 
 (14.) The clergy — whose proper business it is to 
 declare " on earth peace, good will towards men " — 
 with a few honorable exceptions, forgot their calling 
 and clamored for war, when no man in the United 
 States could truthfully say that he had ever been 
 oppressed by his government. After a few defeats, 
 and after thousands of widows and orphans had been 
 made in the land, in a great measure through their 
 influence over the public mind, they began to " walk 
 softly " before their Maker, and to pray for peace. Let 
 them now, in good faith, practice that repentance which 
 they preach to others. 
 
 (15.) Never, since the world began — no, not in the 
 days of Continental money, or of the French assigwats 
 — was there such a currency ! States, Counties, Banks, 
 Corporations, Companies, and individuals, have issued 
 their notes by the bale, printed in the meanest style 
 and on the meanest paper. Oh ! for the tongue of old 
 Bullion, to lash the Southern States-rights-hard-money- 
 Bemoeratic leaders ! 
 
 (16.) No pen can describe the pilfering and stealing 
 depredations of the Southern cavalry in East Tennessee. 
 The Impressment Law was a farce. The property of 
 Union men was generally taken without compensation. 
 That of Secessionists was, sometimes, taken in the same 
 inauuer, but certificates were generally issued to them; 
 
NOTES. 27 
 
 and, in order to obtain payment, they had to run the 
 gauntlet of the " Circumlocution Office," and then 
 received about half-price in Confederate notes. 
 
 (17.) W. H. Sneed and W. E. Travis, grand com- 
 missioners of valuation under the impressment law, 
 fixed the price of corn, in their Schedule No. 1, at 
 $1.85 and 82 per bushel, when it was selling at $5, 
 and other articles in proportion. These gentlemen, 
 of profound erudition and limitless knowledge, actually 
 valued bacon at 35 and 40 cents, and country-made 
 soap at 50 cents, per pound ; thus presenting, although 
 the army was half starved, a strong temptation to 
 manufacture all the bacon into soap ! 
 
 (18.) Sixty per cent, of all leather is taken by the 
 rapacious and unscrupulous government ; and, as a 
 consequence, hundreds — not to say thousands — of 
 women and children have been compelled to go bare- 
 footed through all the inclemency of winter. The 
 " Lynchburg Republican " recommended the oak sub- 
 stitute, as stated in the text, and his article was exten- 
 sively copied by the Southern papers. 
 
 (19.) The orders and acts of the military authorities 
 in East Tennessee, prohibiting the manufacture of 
 liquors, closing groceries, and destroying stills, were 
 palpable violations of the license laws of Tennessee ; 
 but, notwithstanding the stringency of these measures, 
 many of the officers contrived to have the article man- 
 ufactured, under the pretence that it was needed for 
 the hospitals, and were often gloriously drunk. 
 
28 NOTES. 
 
 (20.) It lias been, and is impossible to procure any- 
 thing like an adequate supply of the most common 
 articles, and the "makeshifts" are legion. 
 
 (21.) Martial law was declared and has been kept 
 up in East Tennessee, in defiance of all law. The 
 passport system lias been exceedingly oppressive. 
 Under it, some of the Provost Marshals refused to 
 grant passports to Union men to go for salt, with their 
 wagons, to the Salt Works, the only place where it 
 could be had ! 
 
 (22.) Conscripts were called out, first, to the age of 
 40 ; then to 45 ; and the militia, under the State law, 
 to 55. A person who hired a substitute under the 
 first call, who was over 40, but under 55, is now re- 
 quired to serve himself. 
 
 (23.) The Confederate tax law takes one-tenth of all 
 grain and other agricultural productions, in kind, and 
 provides for the appointment of Tithing-men to collect 
 it. It taxes the same person and the same thing in a 
 great variety of forms. It beats anything that ever 
 was passed in America; and, in many respects, is equal 
 to England. But what are our new-fledged rights 
 worth, if they cost us nothing ? By the time we are 
 fully overrun by the two opposing armies, we shall 
 begin to appreciate their value, and to learn that war 
 ought never to be resorted to, except in cases of abso- 
 lute and imperious necessity, and is not to be justified 
 on the ground of theoretical and imaginary injuries. 
 
 (24.) Remember Vicksburg and mule beef. 
 
NOTES. 29 
 
 (25.) Among the papers of General Zollicoffer, 
 found after his death at Fishing Creek, was an order 
 to Major' Wood, directing that the tories — i. e. the 
 Union men — should be disarmed. This was done 
 under his order, and an unconstitutional law passed 
 by the State Legislature. It was pretended that the 
 arms were needed by the Southern army. They con- 
 sisted chiefly of old rifles, shot-guns, and pistols, and 
 were never used, but were boxed up. The real object 
 was to deprive Union men of all power of resistance. 
 Southern leaders " prepared the Southern heart, and 
 fired the Southern mind" with the idea that the object 
 of Mr. Lincoln was to subjugate the South ; yet, in 
 their own practice, they subjugated the people of East 
 Tennessee, so far as it was possible for them to do, and 
 attempted the same thing in Kentucky and Missouri ; 
 thus showing that this, as well as all other pretexts 
 for the disruption of the government, were false and 
 unfounded. 
 
 (26.) Some of the Provost Marshals and Enrolling 
 Officers, not to speak of others, were the grandest 
 rascals the Confederacy could produce. In the boiling 
 of the political cauldron it was natural that the scum 
 should rise to the surface ! 
 
 (27.) If the bridge burners acted under the au- 
 thority of the United States, they were guilty of no 
 offence. If they acted without such authority, they 
 were amenable, for a penitentiary offence, to the State 
 laws. In either view, their execution was a murder, 
 3* 
 
30 NOTES. 
 
 for which all concerned may be lawfully indicted and 
 punished — if the people will take care not to elect 
 Secessionists to the offices of Judge and Attorney- 
 General ; but especially the latter. 
 
 (28.) The Confederate soldiery have, in a vast num- 
 ber of instances, stolen the property of Union men, sold 
 it at public sale, and divided the proceeds. The 
 Confederate court has shown equal rapacity, in the 
 numerous cases in which the confiscation law has been 
 enforced, and its Judge solemnly declared, in open 
 court, that an alien — that is, a Union man who had 
 fled to Kentucky — had no rights in his court. On the 
 23d of April, 1862, an order was promulgated from 
 headquarters, at Knoxville, by the Provost Marshal, to 
 the effect that those who had fled might return within 
 thirty days; but that, if they did not do so, their wives 
 and children in East Tennessee "should be sent to 
 their care in Kentucky, or beyond the Confederate 
 lines, at their own expense," it being declared that 
 " the women and children must be taken care of by 
 husbands and fathers, either in East Tennessee or in 
 the Lincoln government." 
 
 (29.) In September, 1861, Hon. West H. Humphreys 
 — who was impeached as a Federal Judge before the 
 United States Senate, but contrived to hold a similar 
 position in the Confederate government — held his high 
 court of Star Chamber at Knoxville, having the court 
 house filled with armed soldiers, who prevented the 
 entrance of any one who had not express permission. 
 
NOTES. 31 
 
 Such a scene was never before witnessed in Tennessee. 
 Some foolish circuit Judge, whose name was not pub- 
 lished, afterwards imitated tho example at Athens, but 
 was admirably rebuked by the Athens Post. 
 
 (30.) In view of the thousands who have been sent 
 to prison in this and other States, without accuser and 
 without trial, let the people read again and love more 
 than ever the Bills of Rights in every American Con- 
 stitution ! 
 
 (31). General Buckner informed the State Judges, 
 in East Tennessee, that he would not obey their writs 
 of habeas corpus, and that such process, to be respected, 
 must emanate from a Confederate Judge. As the proper 
 residence of the Confederate Judge was at Nashville, 
 and his ambulatory domicil was everywhere, it was thus 
 rendered impossible for a soldier, or other person wrong- 
 fully held in military custody, to obtain a legal release. 
 
 (32.) Confederate soldiers, directly in the teeth of 
 all our constitutions and laws, were constantly in the 
 habit of searching and robbing the houses of Union 
 men by day and by night; but none of them were 
 ever punished, or, if they were, the public journals 
 did not state it, lest it should fill their own description 
 of the Yankees. 
 
 (33.) Let it never be forgotten that governors, 
 members of Congress, judges, clerks, lawyers, sheriffs, 
 justices, and all other officers, were sworn to support 
 the Constitution of the United States. Those of them 
 who inaugurated or advocated secession before the 
 
32 NOTES. 
 
 State " went out," were guilty at least of moral perjury. 
 But those who acquiesced in or supported it, after a 
 government de facto was established, stand on a very 
 different footing. They, and also the vast numbers 
 who, by means of actual or apprehended force, were 
 compelled to take the oath, are certainly excusable, 
 and perhaps justifiable. 
 
EAST TENNESSEE 
 
 $ locm. 
 
 BY 
 
 AN EAST TENNESSEEAN, 
 
 " He who first met the highland's swelling bine, 
 Will love each peak that shows a kindred hue; 
 Hail, in each crag, a friend's familiar face, 
 And clasp the mountain in his mind's embrace." — Btron. 
 
EAST TENNESSEE. 
 
 East Tennessee ! secluded land, 
 
 Of gentle hills and mountains grand, 
 
 Where healthful breezes ever blow, 
 
 And coolest springs and rivers flow ; 
 
 Where yellow wheat and waving corn 
 
 Are liberal poured from plenty's horn, — 
 
 Land of the valley and the glen, 
 
 Of lovely maids and stalwart men ; 
 
 Thy gorgeous sunsets well may vie, 
 
 In splendor, with Italian sky ; 
 
 For, gayest colors deck the clouds, 
 
 As night the dying sun enshrouds, 
 
 And heaven itself doth wild enfold 
 
 Its drapery of blue and gold, 
 
 And, pillowed in the rosy air, 
 
 The seraphs well might gather there, 
 
 (85) 
 
36 EAST TENNESSEE. 
 
 And, iii the rainbow tinted West, 
 Be lulled by their own songs to rest ! 
 
 Thy bracing Winter, genial Spring, 
 The ruddy glow of rapture bring ; 
 Thy Summer's mild and grateful heat, 
 From sweltering suns gives cool retreat ; 
 While frosty Autumn, full of health, 
 Fills crib and barn with grainy wealth, 
 And challenges the earth to dress 
 Its leaves in richer loveliness ! 
 
 Enchanting land, where nature showers 
 Her fairest fruits and gaudiest flowers ; 
 Where stately forests wide expand, 
 Inviting the industrious hand, 
 And all the searching eye can view 
 Is beautiful and useful too ; — 
 Who knows thee well, is sure to love, 
 Where'er his wandering footsteps rove, 
 And backward ever turns to thee, 
 With fond, regretful memory, 
 Feeling his heart impatient burn 
 Among thy mountains to return ! 
 
EAST TENNESSEE. 37 
 
 Thy varied charms might well prolong 
 A poet's lay, a lover's song ; 
 But love and poetry no more 
 Invite the muse to sigh or soar ! 
 Thy fields are waste, thy towns are dull, 
 Thy trade destroyed, thy prisons full ; 
 Thy bravest men away are driven, 
 The only exiles under heaven, 
 The ties all rent that bind to earth, 
 And nothing now can move to mirth. 
 
 Time was, when in this lovely clime, 
 A people dwelt, removed from crime, 
 Of frugal habits, honest name, 
 Whose deeds were not unknown to fame ; 
 Their fathers drank at Freedom's fountain, 
 And bravely battled at King's Mountain ; 
 The sons, on many a bloody plain, 
 Their love of country proved again, 
 When England, in her second war, 
 Against that country, sought to mar 
 Its growing grandeur and its pride 
 In institutions yet untried ; 
 And, once again, were swift to show 
 Their prowess, in far Mexico, 
 
 4 
 
38 EAST TENNESSEE. 
 
 "Where each defile and fortress owns 
 Their valor, in their bleaching bones ! 
 
 . Could such a people e'er rejoice 
 To hear the traitor's hateful voice ? 
 Could they their blessings all forego, 
 And madly seek their country's woe ? 
 Disown her flag, her Union sever, 
 And blast her glorious name forever ? 
 No ! had they formed the purpose wild, 
 Been blindly led, or soon beguiled ; 
 Submitted, in that frantic hour, 
 "When men rejected reason's power; 
 "When perjury and passion swayed 
 The counsels which a land betrayed — 
 Their generous, patriotic blood 
 Had burst its veins in angry flood ; 
 Their mothers had their sons disowned, 
 Their sad decline their wives bemoaned, 
 And ev'n the spirits of their sires 
 Had doomed them to eternal fires! 
 
 "What tho', with many a fair pretence, 
 Sustained by matchless impudence, 
 
EAST TENNESSEE. 39 
 
 Secession triumphed in its hate, 
 
 Or seemed to triumph, o'er the State ; 
 
 What, tho' a rash and rotten league, (1) 
 
 In secret formed, through vile intrigue, 
 
 "Was ratified, without reflection, 
 
 By an illegal, mock election ; (2) 
 
 What, tho' our trusted public men 
 
 Proved recreant to their duty then, (3) 
 
 Nor sought the martyr's diadem, 
 
 But rode the tide they feared to stem — 
 
 East Tennessee, firm as her rocks 
 
 That bear the mighty earthquake's shocks, 
 
 Resolved all ills to brave and dare 
 
 Rather than crouch in calm despair ; 
 
 To breast the fierce and threatening storm 
 
 Of tyranny — in every form ! 
 
 Right sorely, as the months revolve, 
 Have tyrants tried that stern resolve ; 
 But murder and imprisonment 
 Have failed to quell their discontent ; (4) 
 In vain, each fierce and hireling band 
 Marauds and desolates the land ; 
 
40 EAST TENNESSEE. 
 
 In vain, are Indians kept to spy 
 Their hiding places, when they fly ; (5) 
 In vain, are force and flattery brought 
 To change the currents of their thought ; 
 In vain, may fiends, with red hot breath 
 Their patriots doom to felon's death ; — (6) 
 No art or power can bind their will, 
 They love their fathers' country still, 
 And hope, with joy, once more to see 
 The banished banner of the free — 
 The stars and stripes of Liberty ! 
 
 Oh ! could the truthful muse display 
 The terrors of our night and day, 
 All that has sprung from rage and fear, 
 All we have felt and witnessed here ; 
 With burning words, compare, contrast, 
 The dismal present with the past — 
 Show all that has been done or meant 
 By one bad, bold experiment — 
 Could helpless woman's shrieks be heard 
 Beyond the dells where crimes occurred ; 
 Could childhood's fruitless cries for life 
 Arise above "War's din and strife — (7) 
 
EAST TENNESSEE. 41 
 
 Our people would not be alone 
 
 Their long loved flag to claim and own — 
 
 The very Rebels, in disgust, 
 
 Their heartless leaders would distrust ; 
 
 With shouts of gladness, rush to view 
 
 The emblem of their safety, too, 
 
 And, cursing their delusion, vow 
 
 To raise it as their standard now ! (8) 
 
 The press, once free, is bound in chains, 
 No liberty of speech remains ; 
 An utter recklessness of life 
 Displays the bitterness of strife ; 
 The blood of Bowman, Byrd, Caldwell, (9) 
 And thousands more who darkly fell, 
 Unnoticed, cries for vengeance yet, 
 And curses still the earth it wet ! 
 The Judge and Jury are displaced 
 By stripes and brass and collars laced ; 
 The love of order long has ceased, 
 The guiltiest felons are released, 
 And dearest rights are held as toys, 
 By swaggering men and foppish boys, (10) 
 4* 
 
42 EAST TENNESSEE. 
 
 Who, in a summary way, decide 
 "What time and learning gravely tried, 
 While Justice, fled in tears and pain, 
 Gives up to Arms her tranquil reign ! 
 
 No Constitution hampers them, 
 To be accused, is to condemn ; 
 To be suspected, will prevail 
 To open wide the distant jail, 
 And prisoners rarely hear or know 
 Why they're compelled to come or go, 
 But deem it worse than death to feel 
 That hearts, once kind, are turned to steel. (11) 
 
 Of this, may Galbraith, Senter, Meek, 
 Rogers, and Johnson truly speak ; (12) 
 Torn from their families and friends, 
 To answer Party's secrets ends, 
 Their characters of no avail 
 To save them from the loathsome jail ; 
 They never their accusers knew, 
 Or what the crimes 'twas charged they'd do ; 
 But, after months of banishment 
 Returned, untried, as they were sent ! 
 
EAST TENNESSEE. 43 
 
 Long may they live and faithful tell 
 Of prisons, they have known too well, 
 And show the world that hate or pride, 
 Religion's soothing aid denied, 
 And strove to still the voice of prayer 
 For captives, who were dying there ! (13) 
 And oh ! that Pickens, Trewiiitt, too, (14) 
 With Thornburg, could alike review, 
 The tender mercies of a foe, 
 "Who strikes th' unarmed with cruel blow, 
 And prove that Rebeldom can be — 
 The hottest bed of infamy ! 
 
 But Trewhitt, Pickens, Thornburg died, 
 As captives firm, with faith well tried, 
 Adored their land with latest breath, 
 And praised the stars and stripes till death ! 
 We see them not, nor more can hear 
 Their stirring words arouse and cheer ; 
 But dream that with their spirits' prayer, 
 They burthen now the very air — 
 To think of them, without regret,* 
 As patriots whose sun has set, 
 
44 EAST TENNESSEE. 
 
 Whose freed and deathless souls arise, 
 And shed their radiance from the skies, 
 To prove that patient suffering here, 
 In a good cause, has naught to fear ; 
 That Freedom's path, if firmly trod, 
 Is blazoned by the living God, 
 And heaven itself has no despair, 
 For glory twines with Union there ! 
 
 East Tennessee may point, with pride, 
 To other sons well proved and tried, 
 While Huntsman almost lifeless hangs, 
 And fearless dares death's keenest pangs, 
 Her thousands swell the bannered hosts 
 Of which a mighty nation boasts. 
 Those whom despotic rule expelled, 
 Their principles have faithful held; 
 Borne rushed at War's first wild, loud blast, 
 To nail their colors to the mast, 
 And sink or swim with ship of state, 
 However steered, whate'er its fate ; 
 With like devotion, others flew, 
 As heavier the oppression grew. 
 
EAST TENNESSEE. 45 
 
 To bear reproach, forego applause, 
 And give their life blood to the cause ! 
 At last, the hunted Conscripts go, 
 To prove themselves a stubborn foe ; 
 For, in Secession's cursed course, 
 The despot's argument of force, 
 To win recusants to their side, 
 "With vigorous sternness is applied, 
 And lawless ruffians are turned loose 
 To fire their guns or ply the noose — 
 To seize the frightened as they fly, 
 And, with remorseless rigor, tie, 
 Or plunge them in the prisons dank, 
 Without regard to age or rank! (16) 
 
 These stern examples fail to move 
 The public fear, or gain its love ; 
 A conscientious sense of right 
 Prevents a willingness to fight, 
 In treason's base and rotton cause, 
 Against the government and laws, 
 And Conscripts struggle to "get through" (17) 
 Tho' maddened soldiers close pursue. 
 
46 EAST TENNESSEE. 
 
 Footsore, and weary, day and night, 
 Diseased, distrest, in humble plight, 
 O'er paths untravelled, on they press, 
 To make the dangerous distance less; 
 Nor blazing sun, nor ice, nor snow, 
 Can make them their bold aim forego ; 
 Of tyranny alone afraid, 
 They woo the name of renegade, (18) 
 And, hurling back the taunts of haters, 
 Denounce their persecutors — traitors ! 
 
 Long did the Rebels well prepare 
 A gallant leader to ensnare ; 
 But, dashing through their bristling steel, 
 As if not made its balls to feel, 
 And, bleeding free at every pore, 
 "While hundred muskets 'round him roar, 
 The mountain warrior conquers pain ; 
 And gives to fame the feats of Lane ! (19) 
 
 East Tennessee ! Tho' darkness now 
 Its shadow casts upon thy brow, 
 The Muse, with his prophetic sight, 
 Beholds thee clothed in joy and light ! (20) 
 
EAST TENNESSEE. 47 
 
 How changed the scene ! the exiles come 
 Back to their long deserted home ; 
 Their banners flutter to the breeze, 
 Their guns are glistening thro' the trees ; 
 To martial sounds their horses prance, 
 Their long, blue lines make proud advance ; 
 Their thundering cannon wake the roar 
 Of gladness, in the hills once more ; 
 The guilty tyrants all have fled, 
 Or sleep, dishonored, with the dead ; 
 The shouts of freedom ring again 
 In hill and valley, town and plain ; 
 The hidden flags, revealed to sight, 
 Rejoice to flutter in the light; 
 The frowns have passed from beauty's brow, 
 And kerchiefs white are waving now ; 
 The mother, leaving task undone, 
 Folds in her arms her absent son ; 
 With smiles and tears, the sister too, 
 Her long lost brother runs to view ; 
 The sad and late despairing wife 
 Revives to happiness and life ; 
 The babes their tender hands stretch out, 
 The little children play and shout; 
 
48 EAST TENNESSEE. 
 
 The tiny streamlets dance and glow, 
 The rivers run with speedier flow ; 
 The flowers assume their brightest hues, 
 The birds are gladdened with the news ; 
 The servants dark, with shining eyes, 
 And noisy voices, laugh surprise ; 
 Gayer than nightingale or lark, 
 The skipping dogs their welcome bark ; 
 Released from death and toil and pain, 
 The wanderers are at home again ; 
 And never, to the Refugee, 
 Seemed half so lovely — Tennessee ! 
 
 And oh ! when War's fierce sword and brand 
 Shall leave our hill-girt Switzerland ; 
 When Time shall to the world reveal 
 What hostile presses now conceal, 
 And prove what has been done and borne, 
 Though isolated and forlorn, 
 By a brave people, who adored, 
 And ne'er their country's cause ignored — 
 How they endured the Oppressor's blame, 
 And suffered poverty and shame; (21) 
 
EAST TENNESSEE. 49 
 
 How, of their lands and goods deprived, 
 All bare and comfortless they lived ; 
 How, when by ruffian bands enclosed, 
 The usurper's power they still opposed; 
 While Treason, taught to domineer, 
 By petty malice, coward fear, 
 Was ever ready to condemn 
 And murder or imprison them — 
 When a free press shall publish all 
 That was intended to appal, 
 And show, how sons to Freedom born, 
 Could laugh the tyrants' chains to scorn, 
 Then will East Tennessee be hailed 
 Like conqueror who has prevailed ! 
 Applause shall build the tasteful arch 
 That spans her grand, triumphal march, 
 And "Wonder strew the flowery way 
 That graces the august display ! 
 The poet shall her praises sing, 
 The orator his tribute bring ; 
 The novelist find truth more strange 
 Than fiction's wildest, widest range, 
 And history shall blazon then, 
 The deeds of faithful, valiant men, 
 
50 EAST TENNESSEE. 
 
 And give to our dear mountain home 
 "A name surpassing Greece or Rome!" 
 
 Thus sang the Muse — ere Burnside came, 
 With all our hills to link his name ! 
 
 Relief delayed, but promised long, (22) 
 To rid our suffering land of wrong, 
 Had blunted Expectation's sense. 
 And chilled the feelings, once intense, 
 Until alternate doubt and fear 
 Refused to trust that aid was noun 
 
 "Hark to the sound of trump and drum," 
 At last, our brave deliverers come ! 
 
 And is it not a fitful dream, 
 That o'er our darkness bright may gleam, 
 Then leave us, all our cries unheard, 
 Heart sick and taint, from hope deferred ? 
 
 Tit? no delusion ! rouse, awake ! 
 They come, resolved our bonds to break; 
 And many a hero whose great deeds, 
 The admiring world delighted reads, 
 
EAST TENNESSEE. 
 
 With kindling heart and swelling' vein, 
 Bounds to our iron-banded plain, (23) 
 And, while 'tis trod by Rebel feet, 
 Feels that his task is incomplete ! 
 Oh ! see them scale the mountain's height, 
 With bayonets sharp and sabres bright. 
 And, as they swell to distant view, 
 They mingle with the sky's dark blue, 
 And seem a cloud new-forming there, 
 Just fringing the horizon fair ! 
 
 Will they not pause and tamely rest, 
 Like others, on the lofty crest ? 
 Where thickening dust obscures display, 
 Do they descend the winding way ? 
 And have they come, in truth and deed, 
 Willing for us to die or bleed ? 
 Or, are we doomed to feel again 
 The tightened cord, the doubled chain ? 
 
 Away with doubt and banish fear, 
 Their massive lines shall soon appear ! 
 More merry than the laughing morn, 
 Loud peals the spirit-stirring horn ; 
 
52 EAST TENNESSEE. 
 
 The measured tread, the flashing steel, 
 The clattering hoof, the rumbling wheel, 
 Tell that advancing hosts are nigh, 
 With courage tried and purpose high ! 
 
 Now, as they dash along the plain, 
 With prancing steeds and endless train, 
 With Freedom once again shake hands, 
 And welcome her victorious bands ! 
 South Mountain, Antietam, Roanoke, 
 Their heroes send to break our yoke, 
 And free the land from threatened fire, 
 The ruthless sword and vengeance dire ! (24) 
 Hartshuff, with wounds as }-et unhealed, 
 Refuses to forsake the field ; 
 Wilcox and Manson, Potter, White, 
 And Park, are arming for the fight ; 
 Ferraro, Hascall, Carter rush, 
 Secession's hydra heads to crush ; 
 Well earned by skilful deeds of war, 
 Saunders displays a new-born star ; 
 And, waving high his glittering sword, 
 The Morgan-tamer, Shackelford, 
 Pants to begin the steeple chase, 
 And win again immortal race ! (25) 
 
EAST TENNESSEE. 53 
 
 While Burnside, proved on sea and land, 
 Full worthy of his high command, 
 With genial, but undaunted soul, 
 Arrays and well directs the whole, 
 Moves on his veteran army corps, 
 And fadeless laurels plucks once more ! 
 
 Hail ! chieftain of the rescue, hail ! 
 A saddened land has ceased to wail ; 
 And, as thy crowning work is done, 
 With open arms, the people run, 
 Thine every lineament to trace, 
 And clasp thee in their kind embrace, 
 A brother, in each soldier, see, 
 And, more than friend, behold in thee ! 
 
 While nations give thee just renown, 
 And grateful States with honor crown, 
 Our hills shall clap their joyous hands, 
 And shout for thee and thy brave bands ; 
 Mothers shall teach their babes thy name, 
 And prattling childhood lisp thy fame, 
 The voice of age its thanks express, 
 And unborn generations bless ! 
 
 6* 
 
NOTES. 
 
 (1.) The memorable League, entered into on the 
 7th of May, 1861' by which Tennessee was attached 
 to the Provisional Government of the Confederate 
 States, was formed in secret and ratified — by a Legis- 
 lature, elected in 1859, before the Secession troubles 
 commenced — without consultation with the people, and 
 after the State had voted for the Union, in February, 
 1861, by more than 50,000 majority. 
 
 (2.) At the elections of June and August, 1861, by 
 which the secession of Tennessee was supposed to have 
 been perfected, Volunteers were permitted to vote, in 
 or out of the State, in direct violation of the Constitu- 
 tion, which requires the electors to vote in their re- 
 spective counties. 
 
 (3.) John Bell, Andrew Ewing, and others, issued 
 an address, on the 19th of April, 1861, to the people 
 of the State, in which they advised Tennessee " not to 
 take sides against the General Government ; " but 
 yielding, perhaps, to military coercion, they made 
 speeches, on the same night, in favor of War. Had 
 
 (55) 
 
56 X T F. s . 
 
 they and the other signers of the address stood up to 
 the Union cause, like most of the public men in East 
 Tennessee, the State would never have been claimed 
 as having seceded. 
 
 (4.) In almost every county of East Tennessee, the 
 Confederate soldiers have murdered citizens ; and it is 
 supposed that not less than 5,000 persons have been 
 arrested and imprisoned, since the commencement of 
 the war, for no other reason than that they adhered to 
 the Union. They were confined at Knoxville, Nash- 
 ville, Tuscaloosa, Madison. Macon, %nd other places. 
 
 (5.) Cherokee Indians, from North Carolina, have 
 been employed, throughout East Tennessee, like blood- 
 hounds, to search for the hiding places of Refugees 
 and Conscripts. England, in her wars with America, 
 received and deserved the execration of the world for 
 her barbarity in employing the Savages; and the 
 Southern Confederacy will become equally odious. 
 
 (6.) The allusion here is to the murder of Fry, 
 Hinsiiee, Haun, and the two Harmons, father and 
 son, five worthy citizens, who were hung for bridge 
 burning, in November, 1861. They were tried by 
 drumhead courts-martial, pursuant to the order of 
 Secretary Benjamin. So hasty and heartless were 
 the proceedings, that the two first named did not know 
 they were to be executed until they reached the gal- 
 lows at Greenville. The three last were hung at 
 Knoxville ; and Haun declared, at the gallows, that 
 what he had done was for his country's good, that he 
 
NOTES. 57 
 
 did not regret it, and, under the like circumstances, 
 would do so again. 
 
 The sufferings, imprisonment, and banishment of the 
 undaunted Dr. Brownlow, who narrowly escaped 
 hanging, are already familiar to the whole nation. 
 
 (7.) The outrages to which females, residing in the 
 remote mountain settlements, have been subjected, 
 cannot, with propriety, be described. But it may be 
 proper to state, briefly, that, in the winter of 18(ji'~J, 
 the people of Madison County, North Carolina, near 
 the Tennessee line, were in great need of salt; that a 
 supply of this article, belonging to the county, bad 
 been brought to that place; that those who had the 
 control of it refused to supply Union men ; that, as a 
 consequence, the Union men broke into the depositary 
 and took their supplies ; that to punish them for doing 
 so, Confederate troops were sent there, who were guilty 
 of every species of indignity and outrage to the Union 
 population, male and female ; that they took some 
 twelve or fourteen of the citizens prisoners, and re- 
 moved them from camp under the pretext that they 
 were to be taken to Knoxville for trial, but shot them on 
 the Laurel within about one mile of their camp ; that, 
 among the persons thus murdered, was a boy between 
 twelve and fifteen years of age, who was only wounded 
 at the first fire, but was shot a second time, and killed 
 while piteously begging to be taken to his mother. 
 
 (8.) The greater part of , the Poem was written 
 before General Burnside took possession of East Ten- 
 
58 NOTES. 
 
 nessee, but already has this prediction been fulfilled, 
 as hundreds, perhaps thousands, of Secessionists have 
 taken the oath to support the United States Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 (9.) Byrd, a citizen of Hancock County, was a 
 member of a military company, and, having been 
 wounded in a skirmish, in which his men fled and 
 left him, he crawled behind a fallen tree and laid down 
 among the leaves, while the Rebel soldiers pursued his 
 comrades. The pursuers returned, discovered him in 
 his hiding-place, and, as he was unable to stand, 
 propped him up against a tree and killed him with 
 twelve balls. This was about the 1st of January, 1862. 
 About the same time, Mr. Caldwell, a venerable and 
 worthy citizen of Hawkins County, who was ignorant 
 that any law had been passed to disarm the citizens, 
 resisted the attempt to take his gun, and was murdered 
 at his own house. More recently — i. e., in September, 
 1863, — Mr. Bowman, a Punkard preacher, was shot, 
 in Sullivan County, because he refused to give up his 
 horse to soldiers who were attempting to take, and 
 took, him in defiance of the Confederate law of im- 
 pressment. 
 
 (10.) Throughout East Tennessee, there was a gen- 
 eral jail delivery to obtain soldiers for the army; and, 
 in some instances, the guiltiest murderers were thus 
 allowed to go " unwhipped of justice." No soldier, 
 who killed a Union man because of his Unionism or 
 on account of some private grudge, has ever been 
 
NOTES. 59 
 
 punished. The Provost Marshals, in the different 
 counties, have usually been young men, ignorant of 
 law and destitute of military experience. They have 
 not hesitated to try civil suits and to force creditors to 
 take Confederate notes in payment of specie debts. 
 
 (11.) Secession seems to " harden all the hearts and 
 petrify the feeling." The instances have been rare in 
 which any kind offices were performed by them, in 
 behalf of their Union friends and neighbors, when in 
 injprisonnient or under accusation. 
 
 (12.) The five gentlemen named were imprisoned, 
 at Tuscaloosa and Macon, and do not know, to this 
 day, who was their accuser or what was their offence. 
 Messrs. Galbraith, Senter, and Meek, had been mem- 
 bers of the Tennessee Legislature, and Messrs. Rogers 
 and Johnson were Methodists, in good standing with 
 their church. 
 
 (13.) The Rev. Mr. Rogers, and eight other clergy- 
 men, of different denominations, were confined in 
 prison, at the same time with many others, and de- 
 sired to hold religious services, alternately, in the 
 prison, on the Sabbath. The privilege was refused, 
 and the keeper would not consent that either of them 
 should officiate at the bedside of a dying prisoner. 
 Mr. Rogers, in defiance of the prohibition, rendered 
 his services. 
 
 (14.) Messrs. Pickens and Tiiornburo. had also 
 been members of the Tennessee Legislature; and the 
 latter held the office of Attorney-General at the time 
 
60 NOTES* 
 
 of his death. Colonel Trewhitt was a respectable 
 attorney. The three died in prison, without trial, and 
 far away from the comforts and consolations of home. 
 Their only crime was that they loved their country too 
 well. 
 
 (15.) Mr. Huntsman, a kind-hearted farmer of 
 Hawkins County, who lives in the mountains, had 
 occasionally fed Refugees, who passed his house on 
 their way to Kentucky ; and, for this, and his unwill- 
 ingness to make disclosures, he was hung until almost 
 dead, and then taken to Jonesboro' and Knoxville, 
 where he was further insulted, in various ways, and 
 finally discharged. 
 
 (16.) The Rebel cavalry were commonly employed 
 in consuming the substance of our people, and in run- 
 ning whenever the Federal raiders, or regular troops, 
 offered them a fight. Their mission, like that of the 
 Indians, was to hunt for Refugees and Conscripts ; to 
 murder and pillage at discretion; to shoot citizens 
 striving to get out of their way, and to hang old men 
 and women almost to suffocation. Conscripts, when 
 caught, were almost invariably tied or handcuffed, and 
 taken to jails full of filth and vermin. 
 
 (17.) "To get through" was a technical phrase 
 among the Conscripts, signifying that they had safely 
 passed into the Federal lines, over mountains and other 
 obstructions. Although the Union men were continu- 
 ally urged, in the newspapers, to leave the country, 
 yet soldiers were statioucd. at the different mountain 
 
NOTES. 61 
 
 passes, to prevent their exit, and frequently arrested 
 thern. 
 
 (18.) The Rebels styled the East Tennessceans, who 
 went into the Federal service, — Renegades. 
 - (19.) Colonel Lane, of Greene County, was remark- 
 ably successful in conducting different companies of 
 Refugees, through the mountains, into Kentucky, and 
 was in the act of taking out a large number, when he 
 was hotly pursued into the mountains, by the Rebel 
 cavalry, who dismounted, at some distance from his 
 encampment, and called him out, pretending to be 
 Refugees, who desired to join his company. With all 
 his caution, he did not discover the artifice until he 
 was among a large number, and was seized by four or 
 five of them. Being a very athletic man, he succeeded 
 in breaking their hold, fired his revolver indiscrimi- 
 nately among them, and retreated as rapidly as possible. 
 During the retreat he was wounded several times, and 
 fell ; and was represented by the Rebels as being dead.' 
 He was taken care of, however, by friends, and it is 
 believed will recover. 
 
 (20.) These lines and those which follow, were 
 written before the advance of Major-General Burnside, 
 but in anticipation of his coming. They have been 
 more than realized in the enthusiastic reception given 
 to him and his army, and to our returning citizens 
 and soldiers. 
 
 (21.) Southern orators and presses, animated by the 
 most intense hatred of the Union population of East 
 
 6 
 
C2 NOTES. 
 
 Tennessee, have, studiously and repeatedly, represented 
 the people as being extremely " ignorant barbarians;" 
 when it is well known that, owing to the long prevail- 
 ing custom of stztmp discussion, the masses, in none 
 of the States, are better informed on political subjects. 
 Wheu their leaders were banished, imprisoned, or vir- 
 tually gagged; when no man, of any prominence, dare 
 avow his Union sentiments ; when many of the best 
 citizens were compelled to dissemble and seem to sym- 
 pathize with the Rebellion ; when the people could 
 not hold Union meetings, or freely confer with each 
 other ; when the Inquisitorial proceeding was resorted 
 to of summoning as witnesses the intimate associates 
 and friends of a party accused, to testify as to his sup- 
 posed conversations, and when proceedings to confiscate 
 property were of every day occurrence in the Confed- 
 erate court, the Union men, by a tacit understanding, 
 as general as it was remarkable, refused to vote for 
 members to the Southern Congress, and, when they 
 voted, in judicial elections, actually elected Union 
 men ! Without arms, and disappointed in their hopes 
 of aid from the General Government, their fidelity 
 remained unshaken ! ! 
 
 (22.) Four Federal movements, of a partial charac- 
 ter, were made into East Tennessee, prior to the occu- 
 pation of the country in force by Major-General Burn- 
 side, in September, 1863, viz. : the taking of Cumber- 
 land Gap, the shelling of Chattanooga, the burning 
 of Watauga bridge, and the raid of Colonel Saunders. 
 
NOTES. 63 
 
 These movements, although well intended, exerted a 
 disastrous influence on the Union men of East Ten- 
 nessee; who, believing in each case that an army 
 sufficient to hold the country was advancing, in many 
 instances were imprudent in the expression of their 
 satisfaction, and, as a consequence, were arrested and 
 treated with greater rigor than ever. The succeeding 
 lines are only a feeble representation of the hope and 
 fear that exercised the public mind at the time Major- 
 General Burnside and his army arrived; hope, that 
 the report of his arrival might be true ; fear, that it 
 might prove to be simply a raid. 
 
 (23.) The " iron banded plain" is an allusion to the 
 fact that East Tennessee is surrounded by mountains 
 abounding with iron ore. 
 
 (24.) When General Burnside first entered East 
 Tennessee, the Rebels evacuated the whole country 
 east of Knoxville, but afterwards returned twice; 
 first, to the vicinity of Henderson's Depot, and, on 
 the second occasion, to the Blue Spring, west of Green- 
 ville. Just before the first evacuation, a Confederate 
 enrolling officer was shot in Washington County, by 
 the "bushwhackers." The Union men, as a party, 
 had no agency in the transaction ; but the " Lynch- 
 burg Virginian," edited by Charles W. Button, charged 
 it upon them, and, among other things said, " fire 
 and sword should be their portion when we reoccupy 
 the abandoned country." When the army returned, 
 after the date of this article, they came as a band of 
 
64 NOTES. 
 
 thieves and robbers, and plundered Union men and 
 Southern men alike, of their horses and every species 
 of movable property. So general were these depreda- 
 tions, that a strong Southern paper, the "Abingdon 
 Virginian," of Octobor 2, 1863, denounced them, in 
 an article under the title " Public Outrages," in 
 which it was said that " many and loud complaints 
 were made," and that " the people have suffered greatly 
 from the depredations of squads of cavalry — men who 
 enter their houses and fields and take whatever they 
 want, without even asking the privilege or making 
 remuneration." The editor observed, very properly, 
 that he was not in favor of " honoring theft by the softer 
 name of pressing." 
 
 (25.) Among the many brilliant achievements of 
 the war, there is none which exceeds, in novelty or 
 splendor, General Shackelford's pursuit of Morgan. 
 It continued nearly 1200 miles, and is without a par- 
 allel in history. He and his men were in the saddle 
 twenty days at one time and without rest. The cap- 
 ture of so daring a raider as Morgan was equivalent 
 to the destruction of an ordinary army, and the his- 
 torian will transmit the exploit to future times as the 
 greatest " fox hunt" on record. 
 
 THE END. 
 
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