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WISCONSIN MONUMENT 
 
 Front of Pedestal. State Legend. 
 
 Wisconsin Monument. 14th Wisconsin Legend. 
 
Wisconsin Monument. 16th Wisconsin Legend. 
 
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 te&sstmpztemmxm 
 
 Wisconsin Monument. 18th Wisconsin Legend. 
 
WISCONSIN AT SHILOH 
 
 Report of tfje Commission 
 
 COMPILED 
 
 CAPT. F. H. MAGDEBURG 
 
 issued by 
 
 Wisconsin Shiloh Monument Commission 
 
 1 909 
 
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 DEMOCRAT PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTE! 
 MADISON, WISCONSIN 
 
 D. OF 0, 
 
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CONTENTS 
 
 Page 
 
 Report of the Com miss ion 13 
 
 Expenditures 17 
 
 Fourteenth Wisconsin Infantry at Shiloh 23 
 
 Story of the Putnam Stump 28 
 
 Sixteenth Wisconsin Infantry at bhiloh . . 35 
 
 Eighteenth Wisconsin Infantry at Shiloh 55 
 
 Dedication Exercises 75-122 
 
 Program 76 
 
 Dedication and Prayer 77 
 
 Columbia the < rem of the < >cean 78 
 
 The Name of < >ld Glory 80 
 
 Battle Hymn of the Republic 83 
 
 Oration of Judge Jacob Fawcetl 84 
 
 Dixie Land 97 
 
 Decoration Day on t he Place 98 
 
 Tenting on the Old < 'amp Ground 104 
 
 A Tribute to Those Who Fell 105 
 
 Address of Captain F. H. Magdeburg 107 
 
 Acceptance and Presentation by Governor James < >. Davidson.. 110 
 
 Acceptance by Colonel Cornelius ( !adle Ill 
 
 Remarks, General Basil W. Duke 117 
 
 America 121 
 
 Benediction 122 
 
 What Shiloh National Military Park ( lommission has done 127 
 
 What States have done 133 
 
 Shiloh Campaign and Battle 139 
 
 The Battle 154 
 
 Detailed Movements of Organizations 178 
 
 Army of the Tennessee 178 213 
 
 Army of the Ohio 213-221 
 
 Summing up of the Wisconsin Shiloh Monument Commission 222 
 
 A trip to Shiloh 225 
 
 Resolutions 255 
 
 List of participants in the Excursion to Dedicatory Services 256 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS 
 
 Page 
 
 Wisconsin Monument 2 
 
 Wisconsin Monument. Stale Legend & 14th Wisconsin Legend .... 4 
 Wisconsin Monument. 16th Wisconsin Legend & 18th Wisconsin 
 
 Legend 5 
 
 The < Jommissioners 12 
 
 View of War Material 16 
 
 Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee 18 
 
 Field Officers of the L4th Wisconsin 19 
 
 Field of Operation of the 14th Wisconsin April 7, 1862 22 
 
 View of Batterj Charged and Tablet on Location from which 
 
 > 'harge of 14th Wisconsin was made 25 
 
 Fronl View of Putnam Si ump 27 
 
 I tear View of Putnam Stump 28 
 
 Field Officers of the 16th Wisconsin 31 
 
 Fie|,i of Operation of the L6th Wisconsin April 6th and 7th, 1862... 33 
 
 < laptain Saxe Tablet and his Piet ure 37 
 
 Excursionists of 16th Wisconsin and Friends at Monument 41 
 
 Burying Place of Color Guard of 16th Wisconsin in National Ceme- 
 
 i er\ 44 
 
 Captain Saxe's Family and Friends at Place where he was killed... 48 
 
 < Original Burial Place of 16th Wisconsin 49 
 
 Field ( Mlicers of the 18th Wisconsin 51 
 
 Field of Operation of the 18th Wisconsin April 6 and 7, 1862 53 
 
 Tablet erected h\ I", s. to 18th Wisconsin 57 
 
 View Near last Posit ion of 18th Wisconsin 61 
 
 Tablet erected by F. S. to L8th Wisconsin 65 
 
 Excursionists of 18th Wisconsin and Friends at Monument 69 
 
 .lames F. Yeaitnan, President Western Sanitary Commission 72 
 
 to First Tent Field Hospital ' 73 
 
 Dedical ion Party marching to Monument 75 
 
 View of Wisconsin Monument 79 
 
 GeneralJ. B. Stibbs reciting "Old Glory" 80 
 
 Shilob Spring 82 
 
 Governor .lames < >. i»a\ idson speaking 88 
 
 Jacob Fawcett, orator 84 
 
 r Louis P. Harvey 92 
 
 Cherry House. Savannah, Tenn 97 
 
 View ol Wisconsin Monument 98 
 
 one of the Pits in which Confederate Dead were buried 102 
 
— 11- 
 Page 
 
 Captain F. H. Magdeburg, President of Wis. shiloh Mon. Com 107 
 
 Major D. W. Reed, Secretary and Historian 109 
 
 Governor James O. Davidson 110 
 
 Taking on Cargo 113 
 
 Colonel Cornelius Cadle accepting Monument 114 
 
 Bloody Pond 116 
 
 General Basil W. Duke 117 
 
 Mrs. Mary Ann Ball Bickerdyke 122 
 
 General W. H. L. Wallace and Monument by U. S 123 
 
 General A. S. Johnston and Monument by U. S 125 
 
 General William T. Sherman and Style of Division Headquarters 
 
 Monuments erected by U. S 129 
 
 General John McArthur and Style of Brigade Headquarters Monu- 
 ments erected by U. S 131 
 
 Minnesota State Monument 13.3 
 
 Map of Field of Operations 1 37 
 
 General Ulysses S. Grant 138 
 
 Pennsylvania State Monument 143 
 
 Tennessee Monument 149 
 
 Map of Territory between Corinth, Miss., and Pittsburg Landing, 
 
 Tenn 150 
 
 Alabama Monument 151 
 
 Iowa State Monument 157 
 
 Iowa Style of Organization Monument 159 
 
 Illinois State Monument 165 
 
 Map First Day Battle 166 
 
 Illinois Cavalry Monument 173 
 
 Illinois Style of Organization Monument ISi 
 
 Map Second Day Battle lyo 
 
 One of the Ohio Monuments for Infantry 191 
 
 Ohio Cavalry Monument 107 
 
 Ohio Artillery Monument 205 
 
 General Benj. M. Prentiss and Surrender Tablet 211 
 
 Style of Indiana Monuments 219 
 
 Picture of Gun in Actual Service April 6 and 7, 1862 222 
 
 Bloody Pond 224 
 
 Entrance to Cemetery 225 
 
 View of Cemetery 233 
 
 Tree near which Gen. A. S. Johnston fell 243 
 
 View of where some of the hard fighting was done April 6, 1862.. 247 
 
 Rhea Springs 251 
 
 Three Views of Cemetery 253 
 
 Excursion Steamer, City of Saltillo 257 
 
H<>< lv\\ I I I I OSBORNE 
 
 II IT. AND ADJ. D. UOYD JONES. 
 < Ml \IN I !l. M \(;i)I.I5l K(i. 
 
 JEREMIAH \V. IJAEDOCK. 
 
Report of the Commission, 
 
 THE "Wisconsin Shiloh Monument Commission was created 
 by Chapter 381 of the Laws of 1901, which chapter was 
 subsequently amended by Chapters 199, 371 and 53 of the 
 Laws of 1903, 1905 and 1907, respectively. 
 
 Soon after the passage of Chapter 381 of the Laws of 1901 
 Governor R. M. La Follette appointed Captain F. H. Magdeburg 
 and R. E. Osborne, of the Fourteenth, Lieutenant D. Lloyd Jones 
 and D. G. James, of the Sixteenth, and J. W. Baldock, of the 
 Eighteenth, as Commissioners. 
 
 The Commissioners met and organized at Milwaukee by elect- 
 ing Captain F. H. Magdeburg president and Lieutenant D. Lloyd 
 Jones secretary. 
 
 All the Commissioners went to Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., in 
 October, 1901, and after having unanimously decided to erect but 
 one monument for the three regiments, they selected a site, which 
 was satisfactory to all of them, because all three regiments had 
 fought over the ground selected — the Sixteenth and Eighteenth 
 Regiments on the 6th and 7th of April, 1862, and the Fourteenth 
 Regiment on the 7th of April, 1862, while the latter was making 
 a charge against a Confederate battery, capturing the same. One 
 gun of this battery has ever since been at Madison as a trophy. 
 
 It took a long time to secure the approval of the site selected. 
 As soon as approval was received we asked for designs, and the 
 result thereof proved clearly the inadequacy of the appropriation 
 and the unwisdom of the limitation as to the exclusive use of Wis- 
 consin granite, contained in Chapter 381 of the Laws of 1901. 
 The Commissioners then decided to await the approaching session 
 of the Legislature of 1903 and to then ask for an increase of 
 funds and for the elimination of the unbusiness-like restriction 
 limiting the Commissioners to the exclusive use of Wisconsin 
 granite. Our efforts were successful, and we obtained $5,000 
 more, as well as an amendment which directed that the kind of 
 
materia] to be used in the construction of the monument was to 
 be left to the judgment of the Commissioners. 
 
 We then proceeded with the work, asked for designs limiting 
 the cost, and offered premiums, for first and second choice, of 
 $225 and -+7."). respectively. We appointed a committee of three, 
 composed of a sculptor, an architect and a memher of our Com- 
 mission, to make a selection from the designs submitted. First 
 choice was awarded to the design submitted by Comrade Cap- 
 tain \V. R. Hodges, of St. Louis, Mo., who had been a member 
 of the Thirty-second Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry. The de- 
 sign submitted by Captain Hodges embodied the patriotic senti- 
 ment that all who die upon the battlefield for their country are 
 sure of their reward in heaven. The design submitted contem- 
 plated the figure of an officer. It was changed to represent a 
 color sergeant, and the following instructions to the sculptor 
 were given: The soldier should not be dead, but mortally 
 stricken. His agony should be expressed by his grasp at his 
 death wound, supposed to have been received near his heart. 
 His face should express exultation at the knowledge that victorv 
 crowns liis effort and that the sacrifice of his life to his country's 
 cause is not in vain, which fact is made clear to him by Victory 
 hull ling aloft the flag he carried, where, in his last moments, he 
 can gaze upon it and glory in the comforting thought ot victory 
 won. The figure of Victory should be imposing and chaste, and 
 her face should express tenderness and solicitude. 
 
 A contract Avas made with Captain W. R. Hodges on August 
 20. 1903, which stipulated the sum of $13,000 and the premium 
 for firsl choice, $225, as the consideration, and limited the time 
 of completion to August 20, 1904. 
 
 On December 29. 1904, Secretary D. Lloyd Jones died sud- 
 denly at his home in Milwaukee. The work of the Commission 
 being practically completed, we all joined in asking the Governor 
 not to fill the vacancy in deference to Secretary Jones' memory, 
 which request was acceded to. Commissioner I). G. James was 
 then elected secretary of the Commission. 
 
 Conditions over which no one had any control dragged the 
 
 erection of the monument along to April. 1905. When com- 
 
 pleted and erected, the pedestal Avas damaged by one of the 
 
 workmen, necessitating the substitution of a hcay plinth, thus 
 
 ing the work another three months. 
 
The Shiloli National Military Park Commissioners placed an 
 iron tablet on the spot where Captain Saxe, of the Sixteenth 
 Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, was killed, in commemoration of 
 the fact that he was the first Union officer killed at the very 
 beginning of the battle, April 6, 1862. 
 
 The Commissioners, in April, 1905, unanimously agreed to 
 have the Putnam stump on the battlefield replaced by an exact 
 reproduction in granite, because part of the original had been 
 destroyed in the Capitol fire at Madison, where it had been placed 
 in the G. A. R. memorial room as a memento and for safe keep- 
 ing, and because the other part of the stump still in place at 
 Shiloli was fast decaying. The Commissioners desired to for- 
 ever fix this location on behalf of the Fourteenth Wisconsin, of 
 which Putnam was a member. He lost his life on that spot and 
 was buried by his comrades where he fell. 
 
 In July 1905, we were notified that the monument was accept- 
 able to the Shiloh National Military Park Commission, it being 
 in all respects up to their rules and requirements. It then being 
 too late for dedication, the Commissioners decided upon April 7, 
 1906, as the day of dedication, subject to the approval of the 
 Governor. This being obtained, the work required to make the 
 dedication of that monument a memorable and successful affair 
 began. 
 
 Chapter 53 of the Laws of 1907 made possible the publication 
 of this official report of the Commissioners, accompanied with 
 other information relating to the battle of Shiloh and the part 
 taken therein by the Fourteenth, Sixteenth and Eighteenth Regi- 
 ments of Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, the dedication trip to 
 Shiloh, as well as description of present condition of Shiloh bat- 
 tlefield, with maps and views to make the volume instructive 
 and interesting. 
 
 We submit herewith our financial report up to December, 1906. 
 
 In closing, the Commissioners desire to express their thanks to 
 all who interested themselves in behalf of this work, to the press 
 of Milwaukee and the State, as well as that of other States, giv- 
 ing our work support as well as publicity, enabling us to make 
 the whole, including the dedication, a grand success; to the rail- 
 roads and steamboat companies granting reduced rates of fare, 
 and especially to the Illinois Central Railroad, which placed a 
 special train at our disposal going and special cars returning, as 
 
well as to the St. Louis & Tennessee River Packet Company for 
 placing at our disposal their newest steamer, the City of Saltillo, 
 we are under great obligations. 
 
 Respectfully submitted by the Commissioners. 
 
 F. H. Magdeburg, 
 
 D. G. James, 
 
 E. E. Osborne. 
 J. W. Baldock. 
 
— 17 
 
 Expenditures of Shiloh Monument Commission. 
 
 1901. 
 
 To Riverside Printing Company $ 4.00 
 
 "• Traveling Expenses of Commissioners. 272.20 $ 276.20 
 
 1902. 
 
 To Traveling Expenses of Commissioners. 30.58 30.58 
 
 1903. 
 
 To Riverside Printing Company 5.00 
 
 " T. Alice Ruggles Kitson 75.00 
 
 " Traveling Expenses of Commissioners. 21.69 101.69 
 
 1904. 
 
 To Riverside Printing Company 4.00 
 
 " W. R. Hodges, contractor 2,500.00 
 
 •• Traveling Expenses, F. H. Magdeburg 39.85 2,543.85 
 
 1905. 
 
 To Traveling Expenses of Commissioners. 167.64 
 " W. R. Hodges, contractor 10.725.00 10,892.64 
 
 1906. 
 
 To Joseph Newall & Co 200.00 
 
 " Dedication Expenses 1.048.26 1,248.26 
 
 $15,093.22 
 Unexpended balance of appropriations 906.78 
 
 Total appropriations Chapter 381, Laws 1901 ; Chap- 
 ter 199, Laws 1903; Chapter 371, Laws 1905 $16,000.00 
 
— 18 
 
COL. DAVID E. WOOD. 
 LIEUT. COL. ISAAC MESSMORE. MAJOR JOHN HANCOCK. 
 
 14th Wisconsin. 
 
Fourteenth Wisconsin Infantry at Shiloh, 
 April 7, 1862. 
 
 By Captain F. II. Magdeburg. 
 
 THE Fourteenth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry was or- 
 ganized in Camp Wood at Fond du Lac, Wis.. November, 
 1861. by assigning thereto companies which were re- 
 cruited at Fond du Lac, Weyauwega, Omro, La Crosse, Manito- 
 woc, Depere, Chilton, Greenhush. Black "River Falls and Mazo- 
 manie, and were respectively designated A, B, C, D, E, F, G-, H, I, 
 and K. The regiment was mustered into the United States serv- 
 ice in January, 1862, and left Fond du Lac March 8, 1862, for 
 St. Louis, under the command of Colonel David E. Wood. After 
 a brief stay at St. Louis it was ordered to Savannah, Tennessee, 
 where it was still camped on April 6. 1862, when the battle of 
 Shiloh began. 
 
 In the evening of April 6 the regiment embarked on a steam- 
 boat, and was landed at Pittsburg Landing after dark that night. 
 It made its way up the sleep lank and camped in the open as 
 best it could that night, most of the officers and men standing in 
 the pouring rain all night, getting wet through, while some lay 
 down in the mud and slush en their rubber blankets, getting 
 muddy as well as wet. Monday morning. April 7, 1862, after 
 eating a frugal meal out of haversacks, the regiment moved for- 
 ward to the front, without guide or assignment. It was a part 
 of the Army of the Tenessee, General Grant's command, but the 
 Colonel, without inquiring for that army or a portion thereof, to 
 join his command to, attached himself and his regiment to the 
 Fourteenth Brigade of Crittenden's Division, Army of the Ohio. 
 Thus it came about that the Fourteenth AVisconsin fought that 
 day within the ranks of the Army of the Ohio. 
 
 At 8 in the morning the regiment was in line of battle, as 
 shown on the map of the second day, a short distance beyond the 
 mile circle from the landing, near and to the left of the Corinth 
 road. (See map.) By 10 o'clock an advance position had been 
 
gained of a little over a quarter of a mile, partly on the left and 
 partly on the righl of the Eastern Corinth road, fairly facing the 
 Duncan Field, as seen on the map. "Crittenden, 10 a. m." The 
 Duncan Field was then passed, the right of the regiment passing 
 through the corner thereof, and at noon a point was reached near 
 the Hamburg and Purdy road, about half way between "Critten- 
 den at 12 m." and "Confederate Position at 12 m.," and at which 
 point a tablei has been placed by the Park Commissioners. (See 
 map.) From this point the regiment charged a battery located in 
 the road at the northeast corner of Barnes Field. The battery 
 was taken, but the regiment was repulsed, and not until it had 
 been thrice taken was it held by the regiment, which then passed 
 beyond it. At 2 o'clock p. m. the regiment's position was in the 
 Barnes Field, about one-quarter of a mile inside the two-mile 
 circle, and shown on the map, "Crittenden, 2 p. m." 
 
 At 2 p. m. General Beauregard I egan his retreat, which was 
 accomplished at 4 o'clock, and the battle was then pratically 
 over. The Fourteenth Wisconsin was then ordered back to the 
 landing and at once placed on provost guard duty. 
 
 The casualties on April 7, 1862, were 16 killed, 74 wounded, 
 3 missing; total, 93. The names of the killed, as well as of those 
 who died of wounds, is here given. May the sacrifice of their 
 lives be ever remembered by a grateful people. 
 
 Killed at Shiloh, April 7, 1862. 
 
 Captain Geo. E. Waldo. E. 
 Corporal Joseph King, A. 
 Corporal Frederick A. Cullen, I. 
 Private Lucius Barker, G. 
 Private Samuel Bump, G. 
 Private John Eastwood, B. 
 Private Harvey E. Frost, I. 
 Private John B. Glenn, D. 
 Private John Moser, G. 
 Private Ebenezer Newton, G. 
 Private John D. Putnam, F. 
 Private Henry Peeler, H. 
 Private Thomas Rayson, I. 
 Private John -I. Rockwood, 1. 
 Private Gottlieb Sehlinsog, I. 
 Private Thomas Morgan, B. 
 
— 27 — 
 
 Died of Wounds Received at Shiloh, April 7, 1862. 
 
 First Lieutenant Joseph D. Post, B., May 27, 1862. 
 Sergeant Charles Drake, B, April 20, 1862. 
 Corporal Water 'n R. Lisherness, I, May 18, 1862. 
 Corporal Horace D. Lyman, K, April 19, 1862. 
 Private James Alley, C, April 15, 1862. 
 Private Ezra B. Austin, E, April 10, 1862. 
 Private Charles G. Bacon, I, May 7, 1862. 
 Private Charles A. Briar, K, April 26, 1862. 
 Private John Begood, K, June 8, 1862. 
 Private Daniel D. Hammon. H, May 29, 1862. 
 Private John Owens, D, May 7, 1862. 
 Private Henry Ross, 1, April 18. 1862. 
 Private Ezra L. Whittaker, B, May 9, 1862. 
 
 it of Putnam stump. Erected by Wisconsin. 
 
28 
 
 Rear View of Putnam Stump, Erected by Wisconsin. 
 
 Storg of the Putnam Stump on Shiloh Battle- 
 field at Pittsburg Landing, Term. 
 
 JD. PUTNAM, a member of Company F. Fourteenth Wis- 
 consin Volunteer Infantry, was killed April 7, 1862, dur- 
 • ing a charge of his regiment made upon a rebel battery, 
 and was buried where he fell by his company comrades, at the 
 foot of a young oak tree. 
 
 Thomas Steele, one of the burying party, suggested that Put- 
 nam's name should he cut into the tree sufficiently low down so 
 that in ease the tree was chopped down later on the name should 
 still remain to tell who was there at rest. This suggestion was 
 carried out. 
 
 When the Government established a National Cemetery at 
 Pittsburg Landing, Putnam's body was removed thereto, and 
 
— 29 — 
 
 his grave in the National Cemetery is. owing to these precau- 
 tions taken by his comrades in 1862, one of the few bearing full 
 name, company and regiment. 
 
 When the Wisconsin Shiloh .Monument Commissioners in 1901, 
 visited the battlefield to select a site for a State monument, it 
 was found that the tree had years ago been chopped down, but 
 the stump remained, and though very badly decayed by age, the 
 name of Putnam, cut into the tree in 1862 by his comrades, was 
 still legible. Thomas Steele, who was with the Commission, ex- 
 pressed a desire to have that portion of the stump which bore the 
 inscription given him. After consultation, the National Park 
 Commissioners granted the request, and the portion bearing the 
 inscription was sent to Thomas Steele, who fortunately had it 
 photographed and then forwarded the slab to Gr. A. R. Memorial 
 Plall. then located in the Capitol at Madison, to lie there pre- 
 served as a relic. A poor place it proved to be. It was de- 
 stroyed in the Capitol tire. 
 
 The Wisconsin Shiloh Monument Commissioners resolved to 
 mark the spot, because of its absolute and indisputable correct- 
 ness as to the position of the Fourteenth Regiment at a certain 
 time of the day, and further decided to reproduce the original 
 stump in granite, placing thereon the name, company and regi- 
 ment of Putnam, as cut into the tree by his comrades, and on 
 the reverse side the legend relating to the incidents connected 
 therewith. The Photograph of the stump in the hands of Cap- 
 tain F. H. Magdeburg, president of the Wisconsin Shiloh Monu- 
 ment Commission, was, with a pencil sketch of the balance of 
 the stump made by the park engineer of the National Commis- 
 sion, sent to Joseph Newall & Co., at Westerly. R. I., who were 
 enabled therefrom to reproduce an exact fac simile of the stump 
 as found by the Wisconsin Shiloh Monument Commissioners 
 while visiting the battlefield in 1901. 
 
 This granite fac simile was put in position on April 7, 1906, 
 on a concrete foundation placed by the Park Commissioners, on 
 the identical spot from whence the original stump was removed 
 in order to allow the fac simile to be placed. 
 
COL. BENJ. ALLEN 
 
 LIEUT. COL. CASSITJS FAIRCHILD MAJOR THOS. REYNOLDS 
 
 Ifith Wisconsin 
 

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The Sixteenth Wisconsin Infantry at Shiloh, 
 Tenn., April 6, and 7, 1862. 
 
 By D. G. James. 
 
 THE Sixteenth Regiment was ordered into Camp Randall, 
 Madison, Wis., November, 1861, with Benj. Allen, colo- 
 nel, Cassins Fairchild, lieutenant colonel, Thomas Rey- 
 nolds, major, and George M. Sabin, adjutant. The muster into 
 the United States service was completed January 31, 1862. They 
 remained in camp, drilling and preparing for the work at the 
 front, until March 13, when they struck camp and took the train 
 for St. Louis, Mo. Arrived the night of the 14th at East St. 
 Louis. On the morning of the 15th the regiment was transferred 
 from the cars to the steamer Planet and ordered to report to Gen- 
 eral Grant at Savannah, Tenn. 
 
 The voyage was down the Mississippi to Cairo, thence up the 
 Ohio to Paducah, Ky., thence up the Tennessee to Savannah, 
 where they arrived the 20th, and then proceeded up the river to 
 Pittsburg Landing, disembarking in the afternoon of the same 
 day. The entire voyage passed very pleasantly, stopping at dif- 
 ferent historical points. Among them was Johnsonville and Fort 
 Henry, which showed the effects of Commodore Poote 's bombard- 
 ing in February. 
 
 We camped near the river several days, when the regiment 
 was ordered out to the front of the encampment and attached to 
 Colonel Peabody's brigade of General Prentiss' Sixth Division, 
 Army of the Tennessee. Here it remained, doing camp duty and 
 engaged in the various drills of the brigade and division. 
 
 April 4 General Prentiss ordered a review of the division in a 
 field to our left and front about a quarter of a mile, since known 
 as the review field. After the review of the troops the general 
 took a gallop down an old road to the front, accompanied by his 
 escort. He had proceeded hardly eighty rods before he encoun- 
 
tered a squadron of Confederates coolly witnessing the review. 
 They beat a hasty retreat without any demonstrations. That 
 nighl General Prentiss advanced his picket line further to the 
 front. Saturday afternoon (the 5th), Companies A. B, C and D 
 of the regiment were ordered out, with two companies of the 
 Twenty-first Missouri-, under command of Colonel Moore. They 
 advanced about one and one-half miles to our right and front, 
 covering the front and left of General Sherman's division, near 
 the Corinth and Pittsburg road in the edge of the Fraley Field, 
 about a mile in front of Shiloh Church and one and one-half 
 miles from our camp. Here they remained until the morning of 
 the 6th, when, between 4 and 5 o'clock, Colonel Moore, hearing 
 a commotion in his front, ordered Captain Saxe to deploy his 
 company and make an advance, which he promptly executed. He 
 had proceeded but a short distance when his command received a 
 volley from the enemy, which killed Captain Saxe and Sergeant 
 John Williams. This was the opening of the battle of Shiloh, 
 and the time was 4 :55 a. m. 
 
 It is conceded that Captain Saxe was the first officer who was 
 killed in that battle, and it further dispels the erroneous idea 
 that some far-distant historian had that General Prentiss' divi- 
 sion was surprised that morning and the men bayoneted in their 
 beds. 
 
 General Prentiss, having been informed of what was transpir- 
 ing at the front, came up to Colonel Allen's tent, who was al- 
 ready out, and informed him of the death of Captain Saxe, and 
 ordered him to get the balance of his regiment into line and be 
 ready to move. He went on down the line ordering out the 
 balance of the Twenty-first Missouri on bis way to brigade head- 
 quarters. He returned from his OAvn headquarters, mounted, at 
 about 6 a. m. He ordered the brigade forward into line of bat- 
 tle, which advanced about eighty rods, where they remained 
 about half an hour, when the regiment was ordered to change 
 front to the right, going about another quarter of a mile in front 
 of our camp, near the Rhea Field, where Ave awaited the coming 
 of the advance skirmish line, which was falling back slowly, im- 
 peding the advance of the enemy as much as possible. 
 
 Here the four companies, except some thai were in other parts 
 of the field, joined the regiment, and tbe whole brigade became 
 engaged in holding the position about half an hour, when we fell 
 
37- 
 
back about half a mile to the Spain Field. Forming our second 
 line, we held this position until it became impossible, owing to 
 lack of any support on either flank. The brigade was ordered to 
 fall back and form a new line in rear of our camp. This was 
 about 8 o'clock a. m. They fought desperately to hold the camp. 
 Here Lieutenant-Colonel Fairchild was severely wounded and 
 taken from the held. Colonel Allen's horse was killed, and while 
 mounting a second horse that was also killed. 
 
 This line was held until the ammunition was nearly exhausted, 
 and the rebel hordes were coming on in front and flank, rolling 
 up great columns like the waves of the ocean. 
 
 Finding their valor was of no avail against such odds, General 
 Prentiss told the men to take to the trees for shelter and to fall 
 back, fighting to the best advantage, which they did, doing good 
 work, which the enemy's dead and wounded showed the next day. 
 The line fell back slowly until it found General Hurlbut's divi- 
 sion in line. The ammunition becoming exhausted, it had to re- 
 linquish its place to an Iowa regiment, supposed to be Colonel 
 Shaw's Fourteenth, of W. H. L. AVallaee's division. The regi- 
 ment went to the rear of Hurlbut's line, replenished their cart- 
 ridge boxes and was taking a needed rest, having been under fire, 
 without food or water, since 6 a. m. Their rest, however, was 
 of short duration. A staff officer came riding up to Colonel Allen 
 and requested him to put bis regiment on the front, relieving an 
 Indiana regiment which was out of ammunition. The Sixteenth 
 promptly responded and immediately opened fire. Soon after 
 Colonel Allen received a wound and had to retire from the field. 
 
 The regiment maintained this position until about •'-> p. m.. 
 when the troops to the left gave way and the regiment had to 
 fall back on the line in the rear of the Bloody Pond, to the lefl 
 of the Hornet's Nest. Here was more of the desperate fighting, 
 which was the key to the situation, as General Grant informed 
 General Prentiss that if he could hold that position until sun- 
 down the army would be safe. He did so. but at a great sacri- 
 fice. At 5:30 p. m. he. with a part of his division, was compelled 
 to surrender to avoid being annihilated. 
 
 After Colonel Allen was wounded and had left the field. Major 
 Reynolds assumed command, which he retained from then on. 
 
 After the surrender of General Prentiss the remainder of the 
 division fell back to the last line formed for that day. The 
 
enemy again appeared in our front, but not with much force. 
 After receiving a couple of well-directed volleys, they fell back 
 on! of reach of musketry, and bivouacked for the night in our 
 camp, while our army remained in line exposed to one of the 
 mosl severe storms that usually follow a battle. This closed the 
 battle for April (i. at that time the bloodiest battle ever fought 
 on the American continent. 
 
 The morning of the 7th, after partaking of a breakfast con- 
 sisting of raw pork and hardtack, the regiment advancing to lo- 
 cate the enemy, found that they had fallen back nearly a mile 
 and lay in line awaiting us. The battle then opened, the army, 
 having been reinforced by General Wallace's division of the 
 Army of the Tennessee, which had not been engaged the previous 
 day, and two divisions of General Buell's army. The Sixteenth 
 was put on the reserve and was used to reinforce different parts 
 of the line as necessity required. The enemy was put on the 
 retrograde movement until about 4 o'clock p. m., when they 
 abandoned the field. The regiment was then ordered to return 
 to its camp, and immediately proceeded to earing for wounded 
 and burying the dead, which latter took ns several days, going 
 over the field where we were engaged, some parts of which had 
 caught fire, which prevented us from identifying all of them. 
 
 The official report gives the losses of the regiment as follows : 
 Forty killed; one hundred and eighty-eight wounded, of which 
 thirty-nine were mortal ; missing, twenty-six, and but four of 
 them were known to have been taken prisoners. One of that 
 number was wounded, which swelled the number of wounded up 
 to one hundred and eighty-nine, and dead to sixty-two, as com- 
 piled from the Adjutant General's office in revising reports. It 
 would be well to know that six of the color guard of the regi- 
 iiictit were killed, and their remains were laid in a circle around 
 the flagstaff in the National Cemetery at Pittsburg Landing, on 
 the hill overlooking the Tennessee River. 
 
 The following are the names of the six that stood by the colors 
 
 In tile Ias1 : 
 
 Sergeanl II. L. Thomas, 
 
 Sergeanl L. E. Knight, 
 
 Sergeanl -I. k. Holeomb, 
 
 Sergeant -I. I\ Willis, 
 
— 44- 
 
Sergeant Philo Perry. 
 Sergeant Erwin Rider. 
 
 Killed in Action. 
 
 Edward Saxe, Captain. Company A. 
 
 James P. Wilson, Sergeant, Company C. 
 
 Joseph L. Holcomb, Sergeant, Company E. 
 
 Timothy H. Morris, Corporal, Company B. 
 
 Augustus Caldwell. Corporal. Company E. 
 
 Ephriam Cooper, Corporal. Company K. 
 
 John H. Williams, Sergeant. Company A. 
 
 John P. Willis. Sergeant, Company E. 
 
 Henry Babcock, Sergeant, Company H. 
 
 William M. Taylor, Corporal, Company D. 
 
 James V. Walker, Corporal. Company G. 
 
 Archer, William, private. Company G. 
 
 Austin, AYilliam, private, Company I. 
 
 Browning, Oliver II.. private. Company G. 
 
 Belknapp, Lewis P.. private. Company G. 
 
 Carey, Harrison E., private, Company F. 
 
 Clifford, Alonzo. private, Company I. 
 
 (lark, William A., private. Company K. 
 
 Francisco, Chas. IT., private. Company G. 
 
 Howe, Cyrus B., private. Company A. 
 
 Tlolton. Henry, private, Company C. 
 
 Haskins, Chester W., private, missing. Company D. 
 
 Harrington. Alfonso, private, Company D. 
 
 Henegan, John L.. private, Company G. 
 
 Herrick. Orville, private, Company II. 
 
 Haskins, George II., private. Company II. 
 
 Hodge, Charles, private. Company II. 
 
 Hennesey, John, private. Company K. 
 
 Knight, Lewis E.. private, Company E. 
 
 Lincoln, George, private. Company II. 
 
 Morse, Anthony, private, Company F. 
 
 McNown, John, private, Company F. 
 
 Manning. Thomas, private, Company K. 
 
 Post, Garret 0, private, Company C. 
 
 Pettis, Louis, private, missing. Company D. 
 
Perry. Philo, private, Company E. 
 Prevey, Franklin, private, Company F. 
 Rider, Erwin, private, Company E. 
 Stilson, Lyman, private, Company F. 
 Thomas, Henry L., private, Company E. 
 Tousley, Stoel A., private, Company K. 
 Tousley, William PL, private, Company K. 
 Wollem, August, private, Company D. 
 
 Missing in Action. 
 
 Dexter, Joseph, private, Company 15. April li. 1862. 
 Ferguson, John A., private. Company F, April 6, 1862. 
 Fleischbin, Lewis, private, Company D, April 6, 1862. 
 Hills, Jesse, private, Company B, April 6, 1862. 
 Rands, James, private, Company G, April 6, 1862. 
 Parks, William B., private, Company H, April 6, 1862. 
 Porter, George M., private, Company H, April 6, 1862. 
 Pettit, Lewis, private, Company E, April 6, 1862. 
 Redfield, Mills, private, Company H, April 6, 1862. 
 Weigle, John, private, Company I, April 6, 1862. 
 
 Died of Wounds. 
 
 Pease, Oliver D., Captain, Company D, April 11, 1862. 
 Smith, Cooley, First Lieutenant, Company A, May 6, 1862. 
 Vail, Charles H., First Lieutenant, Company I, April 7, 1862. 
 AVehster, Almon, Sergeant, Company E, April 20, 1862. 
 Thompson, Asa D., Sergeant, Company H, April 20, 1862. 
 Barnnm, Noah, Corporal, Company G, May 3, 1862. 
 Rashaw, George J., Corporal, Company H, April 16, 1862. 
 Valentine, Orlando J., Corporal, Company K, April 18, 1862. 
 Bennett, Jonathan, private, Company F, May 30, 1862. 
 Bucchill, George, private. Company I, May 12. 1862. 
 Blair. John, private, Company H, May 4, 1862. 
 Camp, George M., private, Company A, April 10, 1862. 
 Crank, John, private, Company A. 
 Dart, Charles, privates Company B. 
 Eldridge, Joshua, private, Company A. April 18, 1862. 
 Evenson, Ever S.. private. Company B. April 23. 1862. 
 
Filke, August W., private, Company C, April 23, 1862. 
 Fuller, Harrison, private, Company D, May 16, 1862. 
 Farrington, Milo, private, Company D, May 31, 1862. 
 Huggins, Hiram, private, Company F, May 7, 1862. 
 Howard, Harrison C, private. Company I, May 10, 1862. 
 Kennedy, Michael, private, Company E, April 26, 1862. 
 Lereh, John, private. Company A, May 3, 1862. 
 Long, Samuel, private, Company F, May 9, 1862. 
 Leigh, Richard, private, Company H, May 26, 1862. 
 McMillan, Malcolm, private, Company C, May 11, 1862. 
 Mauck, Charles, private. Company G, April 30, 1862. 
 Marshall, James W., private, Company A. 
 Murphy, John, private, Company K, May 13, 1862. 
 Patterson, James, private, Company A, May 4, 1862. 
 Powers, Henry, private, Company B, May 14, 1862. 
 Quiner, Joseph C, private, Company B, April 28, 1862. 
 Raymond, Livius, private, Company II, April 18. 1862. 
 Smith, Samuel, private, Company E, June 23, 1862. 
 Skeels, George, private. Company H. May 6, 1862. 
 Solomon, John, private, Company I, May 17, 1862. 
 AYalhrielge, William P., private, Company A, April 21, 1862. 
 Wooding, Morgan F., private, Company T, April 8, 1862. 
 Turck, AVilliam V.. private. Company I, May 15, 1862. 
 
48 ■ 
 
 Capt. Saxe's Family a( I lit* Place Where the Captain Was Killed. 
 
•Jnriiil Place <'» Kith Wis. Vol. Infantry. 
 
Commissioners made 
 all possible efforts to 
 obtain photo of Major 
 Crane, but faile 
 
 LIEUT.-COt. SAMUEL W. BEAL, 
 18th Wisconsin. 
 
■53 — 
 
 fc 2£ 
 
 S 
 
The Eighteenth Regiment, Wisconsin Infantry 
 
 Volunteers at the Battle of Shiloh, 
 
 Tenn., April 6, and 7, 1862. 
 
 By G. S. Martin. 
 
 THE Eighteenth Regiment, Wisconsin Infantry Volun- 
 teers, was organized in the winter of 1861-62 at Mil- 
 waukee, Wis. The companies constituting the regiment 
 were recruited for the most part in the following localities : 
 
 Company A— Captain James P. Millard, in Fond du Lac 
 county. 
 
 Company B — Captain Charles H. Jackson, in Green county. 
 
 Company C — Captain Newton M. Layne, in Vernon county. 
 
 Company D — Captain George A. Fisk, in Monroe county. 
 
 Company E — Captain William Bremmer, in Marathon and 
 Portage counties. 
 
 Company F— Captain Joseph W. Roberts, in Winnebago 
 county. 
 
 Company G — Captain John H. Compton, in Wood county. 
 
 Company H — Captain David H. Saxton. in Green Lake and 
 Waushara counties. 
 
 Company I — Captain William A. Coleman, in Columbia 
 county. 
 
 Company K— Captain William J. Kershaw, scattering through- 
 out the State. 
 
 During the winter the companies subsequently organized into 
 the Eighteenth Regiment were quartered in the city of Milwau- 
 kee, mostly in vacant store buildings. During this time there 
 was little opportunity for company drill except in the manual 
 of arms. In February the regiment was organized and went 
 into barracks in Camp Trowbridge, on the lake shore in Milwau- 
 kee. The snow was quite deep, rendering it impossible for the 
 regiment to do much in the line of regimental and battalion 
 
drill. Considerable progress, however, was made in company 
 drill, and the men became fairly proficient in the manual of 
 arms and company maneuvers. 
 
 In the latter pari of March the regiment received orders to 
 report at St. Louis, where it was supposed it would go into camp 
 and perfect itself in regimental drill before being sent to the 
 front. On Sunday, March 30, the regiment left Milwaukee, ar- 
 riving at St. Louis the next day in the forenoon. Here it re- 
 mained on the river levee some hours and then embarked on the 
 packet John Warner and steamed down the river. The boat 
 was laden with government supplies and the soldiers were 
 crowded on the upper deck. Arriving at Cairo, the boat took 
 its course up the Ohio River to Padueah, where the regiment 
 disembarked and marched through the principal streets. Here 
 the men saw the first evidences of real war. Stacked in two 
 huge piles were some twenty thousand stand of arms, said to 
 have been captured from the rebels at Fort Donelson. After an 
 hour's march the regiment re-embarked and started up the Ten- 
 nessee River toward its destination. The men had no definite 
 knowledge as to where they were going, but there was a general 
 impression that troops were being massed at some point on the 
 river preparatory to a general engagement. The regiment had 
 been equipped with Belgian muskets, which were very heavy 
 and awkward, and on the levee at St. Louis forty rounds of 
 cartridges had been distributed to each man. While passing up 
 I he river the boys got considerable practice shooting at loons 
 and other objects. 
 
 On Saturday morning, April 5, the boat touched at Savannah. 
 Tenn., and reported to General Grant, who had his headquarters 
 at this point. The regiment was ordered to Pittsburg Landing, 
 sonic ten miles further up the river, and assigned to General 
 Prentiss' division. Arriving at Pittsburg Landing, on the west 
 bank of the river, about noon, the regiment disembarked. This 
 place \v;is. like scores of other landings on the river, simply a 
 landing place for boats. At the landing were one or two log 
 cabins, which constituted the "place." This point had doubtless 
 been selected as the nearest point on the river to Corinth, some 
 twenty-three miles distant. Avhere it was known that a rebel army 
 was gathering. The river at this point runs almost directly 
 ninth. At the time of disembarking many of the men were 
 without rations. The regiment formed in line and marched 
 

back from the river in a southwesterly direction about two miles, 
 going into camp near a small field known as "Spain Field," 
 about one-half mile east of one of the roads leading from Pitts- 
 burg Landing to Corinth. During the late afternoon and even- 
 ing the regiment pitched its Sibley tents. The field which con- 
 stituted the camp sloped toward the east and toward the river. 
 The camp fronted west and toward Corinth. At the rear and 
 easterly from the camp was a deep ravine, and beyond it was 
 quite a steep rise covered with timber. In front of the camp 
 and along the west edge of the field ran diagonally toward the 
 left of the regiment another ravine, quite deep and skirted with 
 timber. This ravine was perhaps sixty or eighty rods distant 
 from the extreme right of the regiment, with intervening timber 
 At the left of the regiment this ravine was somewhat deeper and 
 ran within perhaps twenty rods of the extreme left of the regi- 
 ment, where Company B was stationed. 
 
 The Eighteenth Regiment formed part of Miller's brigade, 
 which occupied the extreme left of Prentiss' division. On the 
 extreme left of Miller's brigade was the Fifteenth Michigan, and 
 next to it was the Eighteenth "Wisconsin. Prentiss' division 
 formed the extreme left of the Union army, and between it and 
 the river was a gap of over a mile entirely unoccupied by troops 
 except by Stuart's brigade, which was stationed nearly a mile 
 from Prentiss' division, to the rear and toward the landing. 
 
 When the regiment went into camp on the afternoon of the 5th 
 the men had no thought of an enemy being nearer than Corinth. 
 The picket line that night was stationed less than half a mile in 
 advance. That night the men made their bed for the first time 
 in their army experience on the ground, and retired with no 
 more expectation of an attack than they had in their barracks 
 in Milwaukee. During the night occasional shots were heard in 
 the direction of Corinth, but nothing was thought of the firing 
 until early morning, when it became more frequent and soon 
 continuous on the right, single shots giving way to volleys, and 
 before the men had finished their breakfast the long roll sounded 
 and the regiment fell into line for its baptismal fire. The regi- 
 ment was formed about half way between its tents and the ravin6 
 and skirting timber in front. In the front of Peabody's brigade, 
 constituting the right of Prentiss' division, skirmishers had been 
 thrown out along the Corinth road, and these first engaged the 
 enemy about 5 o'clock in the morning. This skirmish line was 
 
being driven back before the main body of the rebel army, and 
 the battle soon raged along the entire Line of Prentiss' division. 
 Alter getting in line the Eighteenth remained some thirty min- 
 utes or more before it was attacked, throwing out a skirmish line 
 across the ravine in front and then withdrawing it. Meantime, 
 the Fifteenth Michigan, being without ammunition, was with- 
 drawn from the field, passing to the rear and joining McCler- 
 nand's division on the right of Prentiss. This left the Eighteenth 
 Wisconsin on the extreme left of Prentiss' division, with the 
 wide gap before mentioned on its left. The enemy evidently 
 knew our position better than we did ourselves, and it was their 
 plan to pass cur left Hank and throw themselves between our 
 troops and the river, which their superior numbers on the first 
 day of the tight enabled them to do. This plan was pushed with 
 vigor all of the first day of the tight. In carrying out this plan 
 of attack, after driving in our skirmish line on the right of 
 Prentiss' division, the enemy spread out along our line to the 
 left, massing regiment after regiment on the front of the 
 Eighteenth under cover of the timber and the ravine, by reason 
 of which their movements were unobserved and they were able 
 to approach within thirty or forty rods of our line without being 
 seen. The rebel troops massed in front of the Eighteenth was 
 Chalmers' brigade, consisting of five Mississippi regiments. A 
 member of Company B, which occupied the extreme left of the 
 Eighteenth, stood where, by reason of a deep depression in the 
 bank of the ravine, he could see the rebel troops passing along 
 the ravine to the left. He says that he saw rank after rank of 
 troops passing along the ravine to the left, so that when the 
 enemy opened fire on the regiment from the timber and brow of 
 the ravine, they had already turned its left flank. In the mean- 
 time, the enemy had pressed in on the light of the regiment, un- 
 der cover of the timber, and were passing around its right flank. 
 This left the regiment exposed to a fire from the front and also 
 
 to an enfilading fire from both flanks. There the regiment si 1 
 
 in the open field as if on dress parade, with its tents for a back- 
 ground, exposed to a merciless fire from the brow of the ravine 
 in front and also ft cm both flanks. If the regiment had been 
 lined up on the brow of the ravine in front or taken position on 
 the ridge t<» the rear, instead of in the open field, the advantage 
 would have been in its favor. Put its officers knew nothing of 
 
— 63 — 
 
 war or its stratagems, and apparently had no thought of avail- 
 ing themselves of the natural advantages which the contour of 
 the field presented. If the regiment had been drawn up for the 
 special purpose of giving the enemy all the natural advantages 
 the field presented, and placing our troops in the most danger- 
 ous and exposed position, the plan could not have been better 
 carried out. This is not said for the purpose of placing any 
 blame on the officers, who got themselves for the most part killed 
 off or captured before the battle was through. These officers 
 were among the bravest, but they knew nothing of Avar. 
 
 As the result of this exposed position, after a few volleys the 
 regiment retreated to the ridge in the rear of the camp, leaving 
 many of its number killed and wounded on the field and its 
 camp in the possession of the enemy. The rebels came up out 
 of the ravine with a yell and immediately fell to plundering the 
 camp. This very nearly cost them all the advantage they had 
 gained, for the Eighteenth had established a new line on the 
 ridge, and poured in a galling fire on the exuberant enemy. 
 Here some severe fighting ensued, but the position could not 
 be maintained by our troops, for the enemy seemed to be in such 
 force on this part of the field that they had no difficulty in en- 
 gaging our front and at the same time closing in on our flanks, 
 necessitating retreat or capture. Slowly and stubbornly the men 
 gave way before the heavy rebel lines, obstinately resisting their 
 advance through scattering trees, until they found a new posi- 
 tion about three-quarters of a mile from their first line, in a 
 washed-out road in a small grove that has since been known as 
 the "Hornets' Nest," on account of the severe fighting and ter- 
 rible execution in the enemy's ranks here inflicted. The brave 
 men who held that position against fearful odds for many hours 
 rendered a service that cannot be properly estimated, because 
 the rebels there checked in their advance would have been in- 
 valuable to their comrades, who had already turned the left flank 
 of our army and were pressing on toward the landing, which 
 they failed to reach because of their weakened lines and dimin- 
 ished numbers. Three times the rebel brigades charged this 
 Hornets' Nest position and three times were driven back. Then 
 sixty-two pieces of artillery were brought up, making a line a 
 quarter of a mile long, being placed as near together as they 
 could be worked, and ordered to fire at will, and the terrible 
 
carnage that followed made it impossible long to endure the 
 storm of lead and iron that came from those guns. Words are 
 inadequate to properly picture the resulting scene. Smoke en- 
 shrouded alike friend and foe with one vast pall. Neither side 
 could see the other, (inns were aimed at sound rather than at 
 objects. This position was maintained till about 5 o'clock in the 
 afternoon, when it was found thai the enemy had reached a posi- 
 tion to our rear, and our troops abandoned their stronghold only 
 to find themselves surrounded; and at 5:30 o'clock' in the after- 
 noon aboul twenty-two hundred of Prentiss 5 division were cap- 
 tured, among whom were nearly two hundred oi the Eighteenth. 
 Among the commissioned officers of the Eighteenth captured al 
 this point were: 
 
 Captain -lames P. Millard, commanding Company A. 
 
 Captain Newton M. Layne, commanding Company C. 
 
 Captain George Fisk. commanding Company D. 
 
 Captain William Bremmer, commanding Company E. 
 
 Captain D. II. Saxton, commanding Company II. 
 
 First Lieutenant Thomas A. Jackson, commanding Company B. 
 
 Fiist Lieutenant George Stokes, commanding Company P. 
 
 First Lieutenant Ira II. Ford, commanding Company I. 
 
 First Lieutenant D. W. C. Wilson, of Company I). 
 
 Firsl Lieutenant S. 1). Woodworth, of Company II. 
 
 Second Lieutenanl (). A. Southmayd, of Company I. 
 
 At the point of this surrender and near the ••Hornets' Nest" 
 the National Commission of the Shiloh Battlefield has placed an 
 iron tablet containing this inscription: 
 
 "Eighteenth Wisconsin Infantry. Millei 's Brigade, Army of 
 the Tennessee. About 200 of this regimenl were engaged here 
 under General Prentiss from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m., April 0, 1862, 
 when they attempted to retire, hut were captured with Prentiss 
 al 5 :30 p. m. " 
 
 The casualties ameng the officers of the regimenl during the 
 first day's fighl were: Lieutenant George Walbridge, Company 
 E, wounded during the first attack, and also Lieutenants Thomas 
 J. Potter, Company A. and S. I). Woodworth, Company I, 
 wounded later in the day. Captain John II. Compton. of Com- 
 pany G, was killed while rallying his men. About 1 o'clock. 
 while gallantly encouraging his hoys in the Hornets' Nest, Colo- 
 nel Alban was shot from his horse by a sharpshooter, dying the 
 
following day. A few minutes after, Lieutenant-Colonel Beal, 
 who had gone afoot on the firing line to tell of the colonel's 
 wound and assume command, fell with a ball through his leg; 
 and about this time Acting Adjutant Edward Colman was 
 severely wounded. Just before the surrender, Major Crane, 
 while seated upon his horse, fell pierced by eight bullets from a 
 volley of rebel flankers. 
 
 In falling back from the first line of attack, the regiment, ow- 
 ing to its lack of training in regimental movements, became 
 somewhat disorganized, and portions of it became detached from 
 the main body. These detached portions did good service during 
 the first day in other commands, principally in General Hurl- 
 but 's division. On the second day of the fight about two hun- 
 dred and fifty of the regiment were gathered by a few remaining 
 officers and formed into a battalion, and acted as a support of a 
 battery. Early in the morning of the second day they advanced 
 with Buell's force and drove the enemy before them, reaching 
 their old camp in the afternoon about 4 o'clock. During the 
 evening other parts of the regiment came in, so that there were 
 about five hundred men in camp, together with the wounded that 
 had been picked up on the field. The regiment went into the 
 battle about nine hundred strong. During the following sum- 
 mer it mustered about three hundred men fit for duty. 
 
 Adjutant General Gaylord, of Wisconsin, in his report, says 
 of the Eighteenth Wisconsin : "The terrible list of casualties 
 shows that on this blood-stained field they sustained the reputa- 
 tion of Wisconsin soldiers." And Governor Harvey, who lost 
 his life looking after the Wisconsin sick and wounded on this 
 field, writing from the battlefield shortly after the battle, says: 
 "Many regiments of that fight may well covet the impression 
 which the Eighteenth Wisconsin left, of personal bravery, of 
 heroic daring and determined endurance." 
 
 On account of the disorganized condition of the regiment after 
 the battle, owing to the loss of all its field officers, including the 
 acting adjutant and most of the company officers, the reports of 
 the killed and wounded in this battle are very imperfect, and it 
 is; impossible at this late day to obtain an absolutely correct list. 
 It is more than probable that some who were reported "missing" 
 were killed and buried on the field without identification. Sev- 
 eral of those captured, and who died soon after in rebel prisons, 
 
— 08 — 
 
 were doubtless wounded, but the fact never reported. The mor- 
 tality in the regiment shortly after the battle Mas great, twenty- 
 nine having died during the months of April and .May. 
 
 According to the official reports of the War Department, there 
 weir twenty-four killed and died of wounds, eighty-three 
 wounded, and one hundred and seventy-four taken prisoners. 
 The following lists of those who were killed or died of wounds 
 and of the wounded in this battle, are somewhat larger than the 
 official report, showing that the number of killed, including 
 those who died of wounds, was forty-one, and that the number of 
 wounded was ninety- three. These lists have been compiled from 
 the Adjutant General's reports and from lists appearing in 
 Quinner's and Love's histories of Wisconsin troops in the Re- 
 bellion, and from information gathered from members of the 
 regiment : 
 
 List of Killed and Those Who Died of Wounds. 
 
 Field Officers — Colonel James S. Alban and Major Josiah W. 
 Crane. 2. 
 
 Company A — Corporal Marcenus Gurnee, Privates Cephus A. 
 Whitmore, Thomas Leeman and Marshall Caffeen, 4. 
 
 Company B — Privates Hiram E. Bailey and William Spencer 
 (Redmond McGuire was shot by his guard in prison at Tusca- 
 loosa, Ala., April 10), 3. 
 
 Company C — Privates William Kettle. Norris W. Saxton, 
 Samuel Sager and Samuel Fish, 4. 
 
 Company D — Privates George Hicks and Milton M. Stewart, 2. 
 
 Company E — Corporal John E. Field. Privates Clifton G. 
 Merrill, Reuben Edminster, George W. Evans and Isaac Levi- 
 see. 5. 
 
 Company F — Privates Otis A. Cotton, Robert N. McWilliams, 
 I hut ley W. Onderdonk, Henry I. Jenkins and Ambrose Felton, 
 5. 
 
 Company (< — Captain John H. Compton. Private A. M. Coon, 
 2. 
 
 Company II — Privates Edward B. Ballon. Joseph II. Garlap, 
 Solomon Mansfield, Clark P. Walker and Eugene Gay, 5. 
 
 Company I — Sergeant Rensler Cronk, Corporal Thomas Las- 
 
» .1 
 
 
 Members and Friends of (he 18th Regiment at the Dedication of Monument, 
 
key, Privates Morris C. Cook, George W. Hillman, John Louth, 
 Benjamin W. Shaver, Alfred Q. Edson and John Topp, 8. 
 
 Company K — Jefferson Kingsley, 1. 
 
 Total killed and died of wounds, 41. 
 
 Wounded. 
 
 Field Officers — Lieutenant Colonel Beal and Acting- Adju- 
 tant Edward Colman, 2. 
 
 Company A — Lieutenant Thomas J. Potter, Corporal C. C. 
 Whitney, Privates D. C. Bailey, Richard H. Heart, Leander De- 
 puy, Ludwig Hulzer, J. Kocher, Alf. Losey, 0. R. Norris and G. 
 W. Sparks, 10. 
 
 Company B— Privates E. Combs and P. M. Bailey, 2. 
 
 Company C — Privates H. Clary, "W. W. Dikeman, John Kick- 
 patrick, Hiram Moody, Patrick Mooney, Laughlin Quinn, Ben- 
 jamin F. Rants, J. J. Swain and Augustus Singer, 11. 
 
 Company D — Corporal John Williams, Privates Ephraim 
 Croker, Henry Beach, Hugh C. Wilson, John D. Jewell, Thomas 
 Stevenson, C. N. Sprout, John Gary, Charles Molla, Ezra Hank- 
 about and Andrew Elickson, 11. 
 
 Company E — Captain William Bremmer, Lieutenant George 
 Walbridge, Corporal Orrin Clough, Privates Albert Taylor. Wal- 
 ter Whittiker, S. R, Hayner, George S. Martin, Jr., William H. 
 Sherwin, John Harris, John Kinney and Ed. L. Kent, 12. 
 
 Company F — Privates George Durr, Ambrose Felton, D. M. 
 Wilson, James M. Stanton, George Gould, James W. Samphier, 
 Eli R, Northam, Napoleon Whitman and Homer K. Nichols, 9. 
 
 Company G — Privates Stephen H. Snyder, A. G. Loomis, 
 Joseph Bullock, John S. Eaton and Edward Durkee, 5. 
 
 Company H — Lieutenant S. D. Woodworth, Sergeant Albert 
 Gates, Privates John C. Horton, E. T. Chamberlain, Edwin 
 Potts, Samuel Bixby, John Cary. B. W. Coates. F. Peeell. Gideon 
 F. Devore, A. F. Dowd, Zadoek K. Mallory and Abram De- 
 vore, 13. 
 
 Company I — Sergeant Samuel C. Alban, Privates Cornelius 
 Devere, S. W. M. Smith, E. M. Haight. W. Miller, Duncan Mc- 
 Cloud, Peter Calahan, James Leitch, Oliver Gunderson, Albert 
 Turck, Frederick Everson, Adrastus Cook, Ferdinand Benta, 
 
John N. James, S. Bennett, S. Langdon, George Dexter and 
 William H. Ferguson, 19. 
 
 Company K — Privates Perdinando Councilman, William P. 
 Green and William Lowe, 3. 
 
 Total number wounded, 93. 
 
 JAMES E. MAT MAN. 
 President the Western Sanitary Commission. 
 
 \\j< cm ire t Lme and energies wei e 
 
 Western Sanitary Commission. 
 
 highly esteemed by < 
 
 rears devoted to the work of the 
 a nal ive of Nashville, Tenn., 
 Irani and Sherman. 
 
This Tablet Erected by I . S. Marks the Location Where the First Tent Field 
 Hospital Ever Used in War Stood. 
 
Marching to the Dedication Grounds. 
 
 Dedication of Wisconsin Monument on the Battlefield of 
 
 Shiloh, Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., April 7, 
 
 1906, at 9:30 O'clock. 
 
 Wisconsin Shiloh Monument Commissioners — Captain F. H. 
 Magdeburg, President, Fourteenth Wisconsin Volunteer In- 
 fantry, Milwaukee; lieutenant and Adjutant D. Lloyd Jones, 
 Secretary, Sixteenth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, Milwaukee ; 
 Mr. R. E. Osborne, Fourteenth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, 
 La Crosse ; Mr. D. G. James, Secretary, Sixteenth Wisconsin 
 Volunteer Infantry, Richland Center; Mr. J. W. Baldock, 
 Eighteenth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry. Chilton. 
 
 i Died December 29, 1904. 
 
program 
 
 Captain F. TT. Magdeburg, President 
 
 "Wisconsin Shiloli Monument Commission, Presiding. 
 
 Prayer Eev. W. D. Dunn 
 
 Pastor of Shiloh :hur -h 
 Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean, . . . Thomas a Becket 
 
 Miss Lucile Strang. 
 Old Glory .hums Whitcomb Riley 
 
 Gen. J. II. Stihl.s. 
 
 P>attle Hymn of the Republic Julia Ward Howe 
 
 Miss Faweett and Mrs. E. R. Buckley. 
 
 Oration Judge Jacob Faweett, of Omaha 
 
 Private Kith Wis. Vol. Inf.. wounded •" Shiloh 
 
 Dixie Land, Daniel D. Emmett 
 
 Savannah Military Band. 
 Decoration Day on the Place, . . . James Whitcomb Riley 
 
 Gen. J. II. Stibbs. 
 Tenting on the Old Camp Ground, . . . Walter Kittredgt 
 
 Miss Faweett and .Mrs. F. R. Buckley. 
 Poem. A Tribute to Those Who Fell on the Battlefield of 
 Shiloh. April 6 and 7, 1862. Written for the oc- 
 casion by Comrade G. S. Martin . . . . G. S. Martin 
 
 ('(.. F. 18th Wis. Inf. 
 Transfer of Monument to Gov. James Davidson 
 
 Cap!. V. II. Magdeburg 
 President Wisconsin Shiloh Mon. Com. 
 
 Star Spangled Banner Francis Scott Key 
 
 Savannah Military Band. 
 .Acceptance of Monument and Presentation of same to the 
 
 United States Government . . Gov. James 0. Davidson 
 
 Acceptance <»!' Monument on behalf of V. S. Govern- 
 ment Colonel Cornelius Cadle 
 
 Chairman of Shiloh National Military Park Commission. 
 
 Remarks General Basil W. Duke 
 
 Member of Shiloh Xafl Military Park Com. 
 
 Song America Dr. Samuel F. Smith 
 
 Miss Faweett and Mrs. F. R. Buckley. 
 
 Benediction Rev. W. D. Dunn 
 
 Pastor of Shiloh Church 
 
Dedication. 
 
 On the morning of April 7, 1906, the dedication party formed 
 at the Landing, and, headed by the colors of the Society of the 
 Fourteenth Wisconsin, carried by Thomas Steele, of Depere, and 
 those of the Society of the Sixteenth Wisconsin, carried by H. 
 J. Smith, of Racine, marched to the monument, followed by 
 vehicles carrying those not able to march, as well as the ladies 
 of the party. 
 
 At exactly 9:30 a, m. Captain F. II. Magdeburg, the presi- 
 dent of the Wisconsin Shiloh Monument Commission and pre- 
 siding officer at the dedication, stepped to the front and an- 
 nounced that the proceedings would commence, and introduced 
 the Bev. W. D. Dunn, pastor of Shiloh Church, who then opened 
 the exercises with prayer. 
 
 Prayer by the Rev. W. D. Dunn. 
 
 Oh, Lord God of Heaven and Earth, Thou art the God of the 
 North, the God of the South, the God of the East, and the God 
 of the West. All the nations of the earth from Thy bounty have 
 been blessed. We thank Thee for Thy goodness and mercy that 
 Thou hast extended unto us from infancy to the present good 
 hour. Thou hast blessed us with both temporal and spiritual 
 blessings; Thou hast led us through dangers seen and unseen 
 by us. 
 
 We thank Thee for health and life, the right exercise of mind 
 and body. 
 
 We are the spared monuments of Thy tender love and mercy. 
 
 We thank Thee for nil of these blessings, and for all of these 
 opportunities for doing good; help us to improve them as we 
 should. 
 
 And as we, the North and the South, come together to unveil 
 this monument to the memory of the brave Wisconsin soldiers 
 who fought in Shiloh Rattle, may we all be reminded that our 
 life work, thoughts, words, and deeds, are to be unveiled at the 
 judgment bar of God. 
 
 Lord, help us to so think, speak and act, that we shall not be 
 ashamed of our record. 
 
 May this occasion lie a fresh reminder to us that there is a 
 greater battle to be fought by each of us than was fought at 
 Shiloh ; a battle against sin and Satan ; and as our comrades 
 
fall at their posts, one by one, may we lend a hand of help and 
 sympathy to ease and comfort them as they fall and pass 
 through the valley of the shadow of death, hold up the flag of 
 Jesus with the other hand to all the world, and do not let it 
 trail in the dust. 
 
 Oh, may we be as valiant in fighting for Jesus as these Wis- 
 consin soldiers were in fighting for the Union. 
 
 Sanctify this occasion to the good of us all ; and should we 
 never meet again in this world, may we fight such a good fight 
 for Jesus that we may meet in that world of everlasting bliss, 
 to live with God and the angels forever, through Jesus Christ 
 our Redeemer. Amen. 
 
 Columbia The Gem of The Ocean. 
 
 Thomas a Becket. 
 Miss Lucile Strang. 
 
 O Columbia, the gem of the ocean. 
 
 The home of the brave and the free: 
 The shrine of each patriot's devotion, 
 
 A world offers homage to thee. 
 Thy mandates make heroes assemble 
 
 When Liberty's form stands in view. 
 Thy banners make tyranny tremble 
 
 When borne by the red. white, and blue. 
 
 When borne by the red, white, and blue. 
 When borne by the red. white, and blue. 
 
 Thy banners make tyranny tremble 
 When borne by the red, white, and blue. 
 
 When war winged its wide desolation. 
 
 And threaten'd the land to deform. 
 The ark then of Freedom's foundation, 
 
 Columbia rode safe through the storm; 
 With her garlands of vict'ry around her, 
 
 When so grandly she bore her brave crew, 
 With her flag proudly floating before her, 
 
 The boast of the red, white, and blue. 
 
 The boast of the red, white, and blue. 
 The boast of the red, white, and blue. 
 
 With her flag proudly floating before her. 
 The boast of the red, white, and blue. 
 
— 79 — 
 
 The wine cup, the wine cup bring hither, 
 
 And fill you it true to the brim, 
 May the wreaths they have won never wither, 
 
 Nor the star of their glory grow dim. 
 May the service united ne'er sever, 
 
 But they to their colors prove true, 
 The army and navy for ever, 
 
 Three cheers for the red, white, and blue. 
 
 Three cheers for the red, white, and blue, 
 Three cheers for the red, white, and blue, 
 
 The army and navy forever, 
 Three cheers for the red, white, and blue. 
 
<ien. J. H. Stibbs Reciting "Olc 
 
 The Name of Old Glory. 
 
 James Whitcomb Riley. 
 
 General J. TI. Stibbs. 
 
 Mr. Chairman, Comrades, Ladies and Gentlemen: 
 
 1 have often wondered whether our people, as a rule, ever stop 
 to consider and appreciate how remarkable it was that nearly 
 eighteen centuries of our Christian era should have passed be- 
 fore the "Stars and Stripes" were discovered. For centuries 
 before Columbus discovered America the nations of the old 
 world Avert 1 at war, governments were destroyed and obliterated, 
 new dynasties were formed, and the ingenuity of man was taxed 
 to its utmost in designing and constructing new fla^s and ban- 
 ners that would lead great armies to victory; but in all of their 
 planning and designing no one of them thought of the "Stars 
 and Stripes," and it was left for the men of free America, when 
 they met to found this glorious Republic of ours, to discover, 
 
invent and get a patent for "The Star-Spangled Banner," the 
 flag of our Union. It did not represent a section or a faction, 
 but was adopted by all of the States, and during all of the 
 weary years of the Revolution it was carried by our gallant 
 troops, until beneath its silken folds the immortal Washington 
 received the surrender of the British army at Yorktown ; and 
 for more than three-quarters of a century prior to our great 
 Civil "War it was recognized, loved and revered, as it is today, 
 by all loyal citizens of the Republic — North, South, East and 
 West. It embodies more of beauty and sentiment, and com- 
 mands more universal respect throughout the world, than the 
 flag of any other nation. Some years ago someone — no one 
 knows who — gave our flag the name of "Old Glory," and on 
 every hand the name was accepted as a most appropriate one ; 
 but in recent years the question has been asked, over and over 
 again, "When, where and by whom was our nag first called 
 'Old Glory'?" And, finally, James Whitcomb Riley, in a poem 
 which Henry Watterson, of the Louisville Courier-Journal, pro- 
 nounced to be the best that had lieen written in the decade in 
 which it appeared, asked the question of the flag itself, and 
 permitted the old banner to make answer. This I will now 
 give you. 
 
 Old Glory, say. who. 
 
 By the ships and the crew. 
 
 And the long, blended ranks of the gray and the blue, 
 
 Who gave you, Old Glory, the name that you bear 
 
 With such pride everywhere. 
 
 As you east yourself free through the rapturous air. 
 
 And leap out full length, as we're wanting you to? 
 
 Who gave you that name, with the ring of the same. 
 
 And the honor and fame so becoming to you? 
 
 Your stripes stroked in ripples of white and of red. 
 
 With your stars at their glittering best overhead. 
 
 By day or by night 
 
 Their delightfulest light 
 
 Laughing down from their little square heaven of blue! 
 
 Who gave you the name of Old Glory — say. who — 
 
 Who gave you the name of Old Glory? 
 
 The old banner lifted, and faltering then 
 
 In vague lisps and whispers fell silent again. 
 
 Old Glory, speak out! we are asking about 
 
 How you happened to "favor" a name, so to say, 
 
 That sounds so familiar and careless and gay 
 
 As we cheer it and shout in our wild, breezy way — 
 
 We — the crowd, every man of us, calling you that — 
 
 We — Tom, Dick, and Harry — each swinging his hat 
 
 And hurrahing, "Old Glory," like you were our kin, 
 
 When, Lord, we all know we're as common as sin! 
 
 And yet it just seems like you humor us all 
 
— 82 — 
 
 And waft us your thanks, as we hail you and fall 
 
 Into line, with you over us, waving us ou 
 
 Where our glorified, sanctified betters have gone. 
 
 Aud this is the reason we're wanting to know 
 
 (And we're wanting it so! 
 
 Where our own fathers went we are willing to go) 
 
 Who gave you the name of Old Glory— O ho! — 
 
 Who gave you the name of Old Glory? 
 
 fin old flag unfurled with a billowy thrill 
 
 For an instant: then wistfully sighed and was still. 
 
 old Glory, the story we're wanting to hear 
 
 Is what the plain facts of your christening were — 
 
 For your name — just to hear it, 
 
 Repeat it and cheer it, 's a tang to the spirit 
 
 As salt as a tear; 
 
 And seeing you fly, and the boys marching by, 
 
 There's a shout in the throat and a blur in the eye 
 
 And an aching for you always— or die, 
 
 If, dying, we still keep you waving on high. 
 
 And so by our love 
 
 For you, floating above. 
 
 And the scars of all wars, and the sorrows thereof, 
 
 Who gave you the name. Old Glory, and why 
 
 Are we thrilled at the name of Old Glory? 
 
 Then the old banner leaped, like a sail in the blast, 
 
 And fluttered an audible answer at last. 
 
 And it spake, with a shake of the voice, and it said: 
 'By the driven snow white and the living blood red 
 Of my bars, and their heaven of stars overhead— 
 By the symbol conjoined of them all, skyward cast. 
 As I float from the steeple or flap at the mast. 
 Or droop o'er the sod where the long grasses nod — 
 My name is as old as the Glory of (bid. 
 So I came by the name of Old Glory." 
 
Battle Hymn of the Republic. 
 
 Julia Ward Howe. 
 
 Miss Fawcett and Mrs. E. R. Buckley. 
 
 Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coining of the Lord; 
 He is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored; 
 He has loosed the fateful lightning of his terrible, swift sword: 
 His truth is marching on. 
 
 I have seen him in the watch-tires of a hundred circling ramps: 
 They have builded him an altar in the evening dews and damps: 
 I can read his righteous sentence by the dim and flaring lamps: 
 His day is marching on. 
 
 I have read a fiery gospel writ in burnished rows of steel: 
 "As ye deal with my contemners, so with you my grace shall deal: 
 Let the hero, born of woman, crush the serpent with his heel. 
 Since God is marching on." 
 
 He has sounded forth the trumpet that shall never call retreat: 
 He is sifting out the hearts of men before his judgment seat: 
 Oh, be swift, my soul, to answer him! be jubilant, my feet! 
 Our God is marching on. 
 
 In the beauty of the lilies Christ was born across the sea, 
 With a glory in his bosom, that transfigures you and me; 
 As he died to make men holy, let us die to make men free. 
 While God is marching on. 
 
JUDGE JACOB FAWCETT 
 Orator 
 
 Address at the Dedication of the Monument Erected by 
 
 the State of Wisconsin on the Battlefield of Shiloh 
 
 in Memory of Her Soldiers Who Fought 
 
 on the Field. 
 
 Delivered April 7. 1906, by Jacob Fawcett op Omaha, Neb. 
 
 "Put off thy shoes from off thy feet for the place whereon 
 thou standest is holy ground." 
 
 AY hat was true of the place where God thus spoke to Moses 
 from the burning hush at Horeh is true of the place where we 
 stand today; and I feel myself under the spell of those words 
 as I enter upon the delivery of this address. 
 
 This ground is holy, not because soldiers who were killed in a 
 great battle Lie buried here, hut because it covers [vitriols, who 
 freely and bravely died for a great cause; for a country to which 
 their forefathers had been divinely directed, and which they 
 had dedicated to the eternal principles of civil and religious 
 Liberty; to freedom in its fullest and broadest sense, and to the 
 principle of true democracy thai ;ill men are ereated equal and 
 
 Now one of the judges of the supreme court of Nebraska. 
 
have an equal right to the enjoyment of life, liberty and the 
 pursuit of happiness. 
 
 Eighteen hundred and sixty-one opened upon a nation extend- 
 ing from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from the St. Lawrence 
 to the Gulf. A nation vast in extent and mighty in resources, 
 but a novice in war. A nation devoting all of its energies to 
 peaceful pursuits, and leaving wars and their attendant evils 
 to other less enlightened countries. A casual observer would 
 have said: "Here is a nation whose prospects for the future 
 are all that the most dissatisfied or ambitious heart could wish. 
 Here peace and prosperity must ever reign." But a closer 
 look at our nation's sky would have revealed the coming storm 
 which was so soon to break upon us with such destructive force. 
 Our nation had sinned. From its early infancy it had fostered 
 and maintained within its midst an evil of sur-h magnitude in 
 the sight of the great God who rules over the destinies of na- 
 tions that continued peace and prosperity were impossible. A 
 dark cloud had been rapidly gathering on the southern horizon. 
 The plagues of Egypt were about to be visited upon us, with 
 tliis difference — the last sconrge of the Egyptians was the first 
 scourge of Americans. The cloud continued to spread until all 
 of that portion of our nation's sky which covered this evil be- 
 came dark and threatening. The mutterings of the thunders 
 of discontent and oppression could be plainly heard. Various 
 means were tried to avert the threatened storm, but all were in 
 vain. The messenger of death went forth and the storm cloud 
 broke. The nation \s night of war and death was long and ter- 
 rible, and when the night had passed away and the dawn of 
 peace returned it was found that the death messenger had 
 scarcely missed a home. Lamentations for the dead went up 
 all over the land. The first-born, and the son of old age ; hus- 
 bands, fathers and brothers, alike lay moldering on southern 
 soil. But the sin that had caused the war had been removed, 
 and our nation started out upon a new life, with obedience to 
 God as the foundation, supporting the broad arch of universal 
 liberty; and to the top of that arch was nailed the flag of our 
 country, where it waves today, proclaiming to the whole world that 
 we are now in reality what we have always professed to be, the 
 Land of the Free. As a result of that great struggle, this na- 
 tion is now so thoroughly united that, travel where you will, 
 
from east to west, or north to south, were it not for an empty- 
 sleeve here and an artificial limb or a crutch there, with an oc- 
 casional mourner who will not be comforted, we would not be 
 able to realize that we had passed through such a terrible war 
 within so short a time. The institution of slavery, which was 
 the cause of all our trouble, is a thing of the past, and today 
 the people of the South sincerely join with us of the North in 
 declaring that it is gone forever, and can never again be the 
 cause of strife or discord between us. There is nothing in any 
 part of this fair land today to occasion any sectional strife or 
 bitterness, or cause any of the members of our great and happy 
 family to take up arms against their brothers. Our recent war 
 with Spain demonstrated the fact that if any nation engages in 
 war with the United States Government, it must expect to wage 
 thai war againsl a united people. As our minds go back today 
 to that terrible struggle which took place on this historic field, 
 and we witness again the wonderful courage and endurance of 
 the men who fought here, on both sides of that great battle, we 
 are able to realize what such men, standing shoulder to shoulder 
 under one flag, in defense of one government, would be able to 
 accomplish in a struggle with any foreign foe. As we of the 
 North assemble here today for the purpose of dedicating this 
 monument to the memory of Wisconsin soldiers who perished 
 here, our hearts rejoice to feel that in coming to this place we 
 are not coming into an enemy's country, and that our dead do 
 not lie in an enemy's soil, but that we have assembled here 
 among the people of the South and are mingling with them as 
 members of a reunited family. That we are among those who 
 honor our dead as we honor theirs. That we of the North join 
 with the people of the South in saying that the heroes of this 
 great battle wore both the blue and the gray. My sentiments 
 today are aptly expressed by the poet: 
 
 "In New England's fragranl forests; 
 
 'Mid Nevada's rugged hills: 
 'Mid her arid plains absorbing 
 
 All her myriad snow-fed rills: 
 In the southern groves of cypress: 
 
 On the northwest's open fields: 
 Where the cane gives up her juices. 
 
 And the hill his granite yields; 
 Wheresoe'er our starry banner 
 
 To the winds its folds may give, 
 There, my countrymen and neighbors, 
 
 There, as brothers, let us live." 
 
This sentiment, which is now shared by all of the people of 
 every portion of this wonderful country, has made this the 
 greatest nation the world has ever known, and one which all 
 future republics will use as their model. 
 
 We of Omaha, who formerly lived in the State we represent 
 here today, are wont to speak of her as the "good old State of 
 Wisconsin;" and a good — yea, grand — old State it is today; 
 hut when the deadly struggle of '61 to 65 opened it was in its 
 infancy as a State. I was admitted into Wisconsin in 1847 
 (the day I Avas horn), hut it was then only a territory; and it 
 was not until the following year that it was admitted into the 
 great sisterhood of States. So that, when the Avar began, Wis- 
 consin Avas only thirteen years old. But Avhat a sturdy, brave 
 and loyal member of the Union it proved itself to he! In 1860 
 the official census shoAved a population in the State of 776,455. 
 If Ave take six persons as the average of a family (and many of 
 those old pioneer families Avere much more Rooseveltian than 
 that), there were 120,607 families in the State at the beginning 
 of the Avar. Out of those 129,607 families, 91,379 men went 
 forth and offered themselves as sacrifices on the niter of their 
 country. Of that number 10,868 are known to have paid the 
 terrible price of freedom and made the last great sacrifice of 
 loyalty, while 258 are still missing — the saddest word that can 
 be spoken of a soldier. Some of them lie in unknown and un- 
 marked graves, Avhile others were left to molder above ground, 
 in some remote corner of the field, upon the very spot Avhere 
 their sacrifice was made, without even the doubtful benefit of an 
 enemy's burial. 
 
 "CoA'er the thousands Avho sleep far away. 
 Sleep where their friends cannot find them today: 
 They, who in mountain and hillside and dell. 
 Rest Avhere they wearied, and lie where they fell." 
 
 They died without a single friend to soothe or sympathize with 
 them in their dying moments; without the opportunity of send- 
 ing one parting word to the dear ones at home. Greater patri- 
 otism hath no man than this, that he lay down his life for his 
 country. 
 
 Returning to our figures, Ave find that, counting one man to 
 a family, over 70 per cent of the families in the State AA r ere rep- 
 resented in the Civil War; and, after making careful compari- 
 
sons and deductions, in accordance with well established rules 
 of computation, we find that one-half of all the men in the 
 State of Wisconsin, within the ages of 18 to 45, went into the 
 army; and that, of those who enlisted, about 12 1 L . per cent, or 
 one out of every eight, gave up his life for the preservation of 
 the Union. Add to that the large number who returned home 
 with empty sleeves, or ugly scars, or shattered constitutions 
 which clung to them until the Great Commander above ordered 
 the "assembly" sounded which called upon them to enter into 
 that new life where wars and wounds and death shall be no 
 more, and you will have some idea of what Wisconsin did to 
 preserve this nation. Among the many regiments that marched 
 away from the State of Wisconsin, following the ''Stars and 
 Stripes," the most beautiful flag that was ever kissed by the 
 dews of heaven, keeping step to the weird, wild music of the 
 fife and drum; leaving their fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters, 
 sweethearts, and, what was harder still, their wives and prat- 
 tling babes behind, and resolutely setting their faces toward the 
 march, the comfortless bivouac, the hospital ." id the field of 
 carnage and of death, were the Fourteenth, Sixteenth and 
 Eighteenth Regiments of Infantry. They were made up of 
 companies from all parts of the State, and of men from every 
 walk of life. They were composed of men who had enlisted, 
 not as mercenaries or soldiers of fortune, who fight for fame, 
 plunder or empire, but as volunteers in the grand army of their 
 beloved Republic ; to fight, and die if need be, for a great prin- 
 ciple, and to preserve a priceless heritage for their posterity. 
 They had laid aside their robes of peace and put on the habili- 
 ments of war. They had set their faces toward the foe, and 
 you could see written upon those faces a grim determination to 
 win the war upon which they were entering. Our great cap- 
 tain, Grant, did but express the feelings of his men when he 
 ottered those determined Avoids: "We will fight it out on this 
 line if it takes all summer." 
 
 What an ovation Ave received from the loyal people of our 
 State as we marched away! How little Ave, in fact. kneAv of 
 whal was in store for us here, and of the test to which we would 
 be subjected in a few short day 
 
 rs! 
 
 It is s;iid that "Coming events cast their shadoAvs before." 
 An incident which occurred in my company the evening before 
 
— 89 — 
 
 the battle of Shiloh verifies that saying. Some people say that 
 we were surprised that Sunday morning', but such is not the 
 fact. All day Saturday we had the instinctive feeling that a 
 great battle was imminent. You all doubtless remember many 
 times when, just before a hard storm, and while there was yet 
 no sign of a cloud, something in the atmosphere has told you of 
 what was coming. Your whole nervous system, like a great 
 barometer, has warned you of the approaching danger. So it 
 was on that Saturday. We felt that we were soon going to be 
 arrayed in deadly conflict, and that some of us would probably 
 pay the price of loyalty and be numbered with the slain. On 
 Saturday evening a number of us gathered together in one of 
 the large Sibley tents we were then using. One of the boys 
 struck up a song, in which we all joined. That song was fol- 
 lowed by others, and the spell which seemed to be over all 
 caused us, with one accord, to sing the songs of home and by- 
 gone days. Our last song was "Brave Boys Arc They." How 
 the words come back to me today! 
 
 "Thinking no loss of them, 
 
 Loving our country the more. 
 We sent them forth to fight for the flag 
 Their fathers before them bore." 
 
 We closed the evening's singing with the lines: 
 
 "Oh! the dread field of battle! 
 
 Soon to be strewn with graves! 
 If brothers fall, then bury them where 
 Our banner in triumph waves.'" 
 
 The singing ended, and, under the spell of its patriotic pathos, 
 without uttering a word, we separated and each man retired to- 
 his own tent; some to dream of homes to which they would 
 never return, and of friends they would never meet again this 
 side of the "eternal shore." That little company never met 
 again. On the next morning the "long roll" called them from 
 their dreams of home to "the dread field of battle," of which 
 they had sung the night before. Some of them fell that day; 
 but we have this great consolation: We were able to "bury 
 them where our banner in triumph waved." 
 
 The fourteenth had been encamped at Savannah for about 
 one week, when, on Sunday, April 6, it was ordered to be taken 
 by boat to Pittsburg Landing, arriving there after Sunday's 
 
battle was over. On Monday morning, April 7, without being 
 assigned, it fought with and on the right wing of the Fourteenth 
 Smith's) brigade of the Fifth (Crittenden's) division. Army of 
 the Ohio, serving with it all day. It assisted in the capture of 
 a battery, one gun of which was awarded to the regiment and 
 sen! lo the State as a recognition of the bravery of the regiment 
 in that, its first battle. The reputation which it won that day 
 was gallantly sustained throughout the war. 
 
 This regiment's casualties were: Killed. 16; wounded, 74; 
 missing. 3. Total, 93. 
 
 The Sixteenth belonged to the First (Peabody's) brigade of 
 the Sixth (Prentiss') division. It had left the beautiful city 
 of Madison on the 13th of the month previous, and had only 
 been at Pittsburg Landing two weeks when it went into the 
 battle of Shiloh. Four of its companies, under command of 
 Captain Saxe, were attached to Colonel Moore's Twenty-first 
 Missouri Infantry, all being ordered to the support of Major 
 Powell, of the Twenty-fifth Missouri Infantry, who, with three 
 companies, had been fighting since 4:55 a. m., Sunday, the 6th 
 of April, but had fallen back to the Seay Field. Here Captain 
 Saxe, of Company A, was killed, the first officer of the Union 
 Army killed in that battle. After fighting about an hour, this 
 force Pell back from the Seay Field to the Rhea Field, where 
 it was joined by the balance of the brigade under command of 
 Colonel Peabody, who held this position till about 8 a. m.. when 
 he fell back to his camp. Here he was attacked and forced to 
 abandon his camp at !> a. m. Peabody being killed, the brigade 
 organization was broken up. The Sixteenth participated in all 
 of these movements, and in the afternoon of that day was in 
 the hottest part of the famous "Hornets' Nest." The next day 
 it was again in the tight, so that, from start to finish, like a 
 band of trained warriors, its face was ever to the front. 
 
 Its losses both days were: Killed, 40: wounded. 188; miss 
 ing, 26. Total, 254. More than one-fourth of a full regiment, 
 in less than a month after leaving the State. 
 
 The Eighteenth was part of the Second (Miller's) brigade ot 
 the sixth (Prentiss') division. It had arrived Saturday after- 
 noon, April 5, the day before the battle, just one week after 
 leaving home. It formed with the brigade for battle at 6 a. m., 
 aboul 300 yards in front of camp, at the south side of Spain 
 
GOVERNOR LOUIS P. HARVEY. 
 
 Drowned in the Tennessee river April 19, L882. While stepping' from one 
 boat to another after dark, he missed his footing and fell into the 
 river. He runic to Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., with sanitary 
 supplies, surgeons and nurses to assist the Wiscon- 
 sin soldiers wounded in the Battle of Shiloh 
 April 6 and 7. 1862. 
 
— 93 — 
 
 Field, where the brigade was attacked at 8 a. m. and driven 
 back upon its camp, which at 9 a. m. it was forced to abandon. 
 Its colonel and major were killed and the lieutenant colonel 
 and adjutant wounded, in consequence of which the regiment 
 became separated. Part of the regiment joined with Prentiss 
 at his third position, and remained with him until they were 
 captured, with him, about 5 :30 p. m.. April 6. The balance of 
 the regiment took part in the action of April 7, fighting in a 
 manner and with a courage that would have done eredit to the 
 legions of Caesar. The regiment's casualties for both days 
 were: Killed, 23; wounded, 83; missing, 174. Total, 280. 
 
 I belonged to Company I, of the Sixteenth. I Avas wounded 
 about 2 o'clock in the afternoon of the 6th. The next day I 
 was taken aboard one of the boats lying at the landing, and a 
 few days later was taken to Savannah and placed in a hospital. 
 One day soon after I was placed in the hospital, a gentleman 
 came to my cot and inquired about my wound and how I was 
 being treated; and his kindly words, which I felt came from a 
 manly and sympathetic heart, cheered me more than words can 
 describe. That evening, or the next day, I do not now remem- 
 ber which, that great-hearted patriot, while passing from one 
 boat to another, fell into the river and was drowned. That 
 man was Louis P. Harvey, Governor of Wisconsin, who, at the 
 promptings of his great, loyal, loving heart, had immediately, 
 on hearing of the battle, left the comforts of the governor's 
 mansion and come here to see that "his boys" had everything 
 done for them that it was possible to have done. We number 
 him as one of Wisconsin's honored dead, at Shiloh. All honor 
 to his name and rest to his soul ! I sincerely hope — yea, I 
 know — that the great State he served so well will never cease 
 to cherish his memory or fail to reverence the little green 
 mound under which he now rests in Forest Hill Cemetery, at 
 Madison. 
 
 What shall we now say of the nation which they fought to 
 save? Is it worth the great sacrifice that was made to preserve 
 it? Seventy-five million Americans answer, Yes. We are not 
 only living today in the very lest period of time the world has 
 ever known, but we are living under the best government the 
 world has ever known. We are living in a country where edu- 
 cation and civilization have reached high-water mark, with that 
 mark pushed up higher than it was ever knoAvn before. Where 
 
men are the mos1 kingly and women the most queenly of any 
 age of country in the world's history. Where honor in men 
 and virtue in women are the rule, and dishonesty and immor- 
 ality the exception. Where man looks upon woman as his com- 
 panion and not his servant, and woman looks upon man as her 
 husband and qo1 her master. Where young men and women 
 enjoy the advantages of our splendid educational institutions 
 upon an equal footing. Where all things are possible to any 
 boy or girl of ambition, integrity and energy. "Where no acci- 
 dent of birth or caste can decide the future of any American 
 boy. Where the young man entering upon his life's career 
 can truly feel that he is not handicapped by his father's fail- 
 ures and thereby disheartened, nor that he is assured of suc- 
 cess by his father's eminence and thus induced to lessen his 
 efforts. A country which encourages every lofty and noble am- 
 bition of its poorest son, and ever holds before his eyes the 
 highesl prize in all the world — the Presidency. For we Amer- 
 icans claim, and the whole world is beginning to concede, that 
 it is a greater honor to be elected President of this Nation by 
 the free votes of its millions of voters than to gain a kingdom 
 by the accident of birth. Since the North and South have be- 
 come reunited in the bonds of national unity, the history of 
 this Nation reads like a fairy tale. Today the eyes of the 
 whole w r orld are upon us, and we, the once despised Republic of 
 America, now shape the policies of the civilized world. Noble 
 in its conception, grand in its construction, and magnificent in 
 the symmetry of its finish, our Nation stands today, without a 
 peer in all the world, as a monument of what can be accom- 
 plished by a government that is in fact of the people, for the 
 I 'co pie and by the people; and the prophetic words of the im- 
 mortal Lincoln come to us at this hour, declaring that such a 
 government "Shall not perish from the eorlh."- 
 
 To whom do we owe these great privileges and blessings? To 
 our Pilgrim Fathers, who, after landing at Plymouth Eock, 
 deliberately made return impossible by sending their ships 
 home to their fatherland without them, and, turning their faces 
 westward resolved to do or to die in the cause of religious lib- 
 erty 1 Yes. 
 
 To the heroes of the Revolution, who faced untold hardships 
 and suffering, and the fate of rebels if defeated, in fighting to 
 a successful issue what the whole world at first considered an 
 
impossible revolution, and in establishing what the world called 
 a republic of impossible dural ion .' Y< s. 
 
 To the sturdy and daring frontiersmen, who scaled the Alle- 
 ghanies and penetrated the wilderness of the West, as it was 
 then called, with ax and spade in one hand and rifle in the 
 
 (it her.' Yes. 
 
 They all three contributed in no small degree to make possi- 
 ble our present prosperous and happy condition. But, my 
 friends, of what avail would have been all of then' efforts, and 
 hardships, and sacrifices, if the brave men whose deeds of valor 
 
 this monument commemorates, and their comrades in arms, had 
 failed us from 'til to '65? When that time which had been 
 predicted seemed to have come; when our national life was 
 trembling in the balance; when internal strife and discord 
 threatened to tear us asunder and confirm the thought of the 
 old world thai disorder and destruction could only be subdued 
 
 or prevented l>\ the mailed hand of a king; when it seemed 
 
 that the prophecy thai no republican form of governmenl could 
 
 ever stand, was about to he verified; when i! looked as if the 
 
 passengers on the Mayflower had sailed in vain, and the sacri 
 lices of the Revolution were to be of no avail, and the hardships 
 
 Of the wilderness were to go for naught; Ih. mi it was that these 
 men and their comrades, imbued with the spirit of religious 
 
 Liberty of the Pilgrim Fathers, and the low of national liberty 
 of the Revolutionary heroes, and the daring and determination 
 of the frontiersmen, all combined with their Loyalty to the Na- 
 tion as it had thus been given to them. Laid aside all thoughl 
 -if self, and, swearing by the Eternal God thai this Nation 
 should not pass from the face of the earth, went forth to fight 
 that ureal battle which preserved Ih,- union and gave US the 
 Nation we have today. Nad they failed then to show their 
 appreciation of their greal and costly birthright, we would not 
 
 he unveiling this beautiful monument today, hut another great 
 iiionuiiienl would have been erected instead, on which the name 
 of the American Republic would have been made to proclaim 
 the fact to all coming generations that government of the peo- 
 ple, and by the people is an idle dream, and the doctrh f the 
 
 divine right of the king would have beco firmly established 
 
 again throughout the world. I'.ut this monumenl of granite 
 and bronze, and our presence here today, attest the fact thai 
 
they stood the crucial test, and in the hour of their country's 
 need were not found wanting. Of such clay as this the men 
 •of '61 to '65 were molded. The monument before us is an 
 inspiration. Beautiful in design and perfect in its execution, 
 it does credit alike to its designer, and builder, and to the great 
 State that caused it to be erected. Victory, in the form of a 
 chaste and beautiful woman, with one hand holds aloft the flag, 
 while with the other she supports the form of the stricken sol- 
 dier who has carried it through the thick of the fight, and who 
 now presses his hand upon the death wound near his heart as 
 if to stay the hand of death long enough for him to see and 
 realize that the battle has been won, and the flag for which he 
 is giving his life is waving in triumph o'er his head; and un- 
 derneath them both, as a symbol of the permanency of the 
 future of his beloved Republic, is the base of imperishable 
 granite. This beautiful monument has a two-fold significance 
 to me. It will stand through storm and sunshine, in the years 
 to come, as a memorial to the brave men who died on this 
 bloody field. It will also stand as a silent but constant witness 
 to the fact that, forty-four years after these men had died, the 
 loyal people and the patriotic Legislature of the State from 
 which they came had not forgotten them nor become unmindful 
 of the great service rendered and sacrifice made by them in the 
 hour of their country's need. The years will come and go in 
 the future as in the past. Each succeeding year seems a little 
 shorter to the old veteran than the one which just preceded it. 
 One by one they are dropping from the muster roll here and 
 answering to the roll call "over there." Soon, oh, so soon, 
 "taps" will be sounded, and the light of the last veteran of 
 '61 to '65 will go out forever; but the memory of the battles 
 they fought and the victory they won will never, never die. 
 Long after this monument shall have crumbled away — yea, as 
 long as the rocks and hills, the prairies and the lakes of their 
 beloved State shall endure, so long will the memory of their 
 deeds of loyalty and valor also endure. And, 
 
 "When the long years have rolled slowly away, 
 E'en to the dawn of earth's funeral day: 
 When, at the Archangel's trumpet and tread. 
 Rise up (he faces and forms of the dead: 
 When the great world its last judgmenl awaits; 
 When the blue sky shall fling open its gates, 
 
And our long columns march silently through. 
 Past the Great Captain for final review: 
 Then, to those who have died for the right, 
 Crowns shall be given untarnished and bright; 
 Then the glad ear of each war martyred son. 
 Proudly shall hear the good judgment — 'well done 
 Blessings for garlands shall cover them over. 
 Husband and father and brother and lover: 
 God will reward these dead heroes of ours. 
 And cover them over with beautiful flowers." 
 
 Dixie Land. 
 
 Daniel D. Emmett. 
 Savannah Military Band. 
 
 'Cherry House," Savannah, Tenn. — Headquarters of Gen. Grant. 
 
Decoration Dag on the Place. 
 
 James Whitcomb Riley. 
 
 Gen. J. H. Stibbs. 
 
 The Committee has kindly consented that, before reciting the 
 number assigned me on the program, I may give one of my own 
 choosing. 
 
 The men who held commissions during our great war have 
 always been foremost in conceding that the rebellion was put 
 down by the "man who carried a gun," and I feel today like 
 taking off my hat to the members of the "Wisconsin Commission 
 for having selected the figure of a common soldier with which 
 to decorate the beautiful monument now being dedicated. I 
 was one of those whose fortune it was to hold a commission — 
 T had a number of them, in fact — and T think I had good rea- 
 son to lie proud of them, because they came to me through the 
 
votes of the men I had the honor to command; but, while I was 
 proud of my commissions, I was prouder still of the fact that 
 when my country needed my services I was one of the first men 
 in the State of Iowa to sign a muster roll and enter the ranks 
 as a private soldier. I carried one of the heaviest muskets 
 known in war, and I carried it long enough and carried it far 
 enough to cause me to have the most profound regard and re- 
 spect for the men who served in the ranks ; and I feel that it is 
 a pleasure and a privilege, on an occasion like this, to say some- 
 thing which pays tribute to the enlisted man; and, with this 
 thought in mind, I will recite fcr yon. 
 
 The Man With the Musket. 
 
 They are building as Babel was built, to the sky. 
 
 With dash and confusion of speech; 
 r They are piling- up monuments massive and high 
 
 To lift a few names out of reach, 
 And the passionate, green laureled god of the great 
 
 In a whimsical riddle of stone, 
 Has chosen a few from the field and the state 
 
 To sit on the steps of his throne. 
 
 But I, I will pass from this race of renown. 
 
 This ant-hill commotion and strife, 
 Pass by where the marbles and bronzes look down, 
 
 With their half-frozen gestures of life. 
 On, out to the nameless, who lie 'neath the gloom 
 
 Of the pitying cypress and pine. 
 Your man is the man of the sword and the plume. 
 
 But the man with the musket is mine. 
 
 I knew him! By all that is noble, I knew 
 
 This commonplace hero I name! 
 I've camped with him, marched with him, fought with him, too, 
 
 in the swirl of the fierce battle flame. 
 Laughed with him, cried with him, taken a part 
 
 Of his canteen and blanket, and know 
 That the throb of his chivalrous prairie boy"s heart 
 
 Was an answering stroke of my own. 
 
 I knew him, I tell you! And, also, I knew 
 
 When he fell on that battle swept ridge. 
 That the poor, battered body that lay there in blue 
 
 Was only a plank in the bridge 
 Over which some should pass to a fame 
 
 That shall shine while the high stars shall shine; 
 Your hero is known by an echoing name. 
 
 But the man with the musket is mine. 
 
1 knew him! All through him the good and the bad 
 
 Kan together, and equally free! 
 But 1 judge, as I trust Chrisl lias judged, the brave lad, 
 
 For death made him noble to me! 
 
 In the cyclone of war, in the battle's eclipse. 
 
 Life shook out its lingering sands. 
 And he died with the names thai he loved on his lips. 
 
 His musket still grasped in his hands. 
 Up close to the flag my soldier went down 
 
 In the salient front of the line; 
 You may take for your heroes the men of renown. 
 
 But the man with the musket is mine. ! 
 
 Throughout the Northern States — and, I might say, in fact, 
 wherever a Union soldier is buried — Decoration Day, or Memo- 
 rial Day, as it is now called, is universally observed. On that 
 day, in all of our cemeteries, large and small, and at every 
 village or crossroads graveyard, the graves of our soldier dead 
 are strewn with flowers and marked by a flag; and I want to 
 say to the ex-Confederates who are here today that in the great 
 city of Chicago, where I am living, we have the graves of a 
 large number of Confederate soldiers, and on Memorial Day we 
 decorate their graves with as much care and ceremony as those 
 of the Union dead. No one stops to think of or discuss the 
 merits of the cause they fought and died for. AVe think of 
 them only as brave soldiers who died for a principle they be- 
 lieved was right; and on each succeeding Memorial Day some 
 post of the Grand Army is detailed to look after the graves of 
 the Confederate dead. 
 
 It was my good fortune to be present when James Whitcomb 
 Riley first recited in public his poem entitled, "Decoration Day 
 on the Place," and in connection with it he gave ;i bit of prose 
 in which he described an old home on the farm, where a race 
 of patriots had been reared. He said: 
 
 "There is the old ancestral roof, with the old locusts looming 
 all about it. with the old sweet blossoms on them and the old 
 bees droning there: the old dooryard, the old porch, and the 
 old dog sleeping in the sun; the old well-sweep, the little gar- 
 den patch, and the old orchard just beyond, made sacred as the 
 family burial-ground. The old house is very full of quiet now. 
 Sometimes an old man comes out, and sits upon the porch, and 
 looks wistfully across the fields to where the road to town goes 
 by. Sometimes an old woman comes out and sits there with 
 him, saint-like and silently. They see sometimes a neighbor 
 
102 — 
 
driving by, and know him by his horses. Sometimes they see 
 go by — in early morning generally, — two, three, five, sometimes 
 as many as a dozen different wagons, and then they know there 
 is a "big day" in town; maybe an old-settlers' meeting, a po- 
 litical rally, or Decoration Day. Vague rumors reach them of 
 these alien affairs, but they are always interested to hear of 
 them, especially of Decoration Day — the more so since it seems 
 most important to this old home-keeping couple, who have never 
 attended this annual decoration service, made so much of by 
 the people of the town. Their Decoration Day experiences the 
 old man might sum up like this: 
 
 Decoration Day on the Place. 
 
 It's lon?some, — sort o' lonesome — It's a Sunday day to me, 
 It "pears like, — more'n any day I nearly ever sec! 
 Yit. with the Stars and Stripes above, a flutterin' in the air 
 On ev'ry soldier's grave. I'd love to lay a lily there. 
 
 They say, though, Decoration day is ginerilly observed 
 Most ev'rywheres — especially by soldier hoys that's served — 
 But me and mother's never went— we seldom git away — 
 In pint o' fact, we're alius home on Decoration day. 
 
 They say the old boys marches through the streets in columns grand, 
 
 A-follerin' the old war tunes they're playin' on the band 
 
 And citizens all jinin' in — and little children, too — 
 
 All marchin' under shelter of the old Red, White, and Blue. 
 
 With roses! roses! roses! Ev'rybody in the town! 
 
 And crowds o' little girls in white, jest fairly loaded down! 
 
 O! don't the boys know it, from their camp across the hill? 
 
 Don't they see their comrades comin' and the old flag wavin' still? 
 
 O! can't they hear the bugle, and the rattle of the drum? 
 Ain't they no way under heaven they can rickollect us some? 
 Ain't they no way we can coax 'em through the roses, jest to say 
 They know that ev'ry day on earth's their Decoration day? 
 
 We've tried that— me and mother — where Elias takes his rest 
 In the orchard, in his uniform, and hands acrost his breast. 
 And the flag he died for, smilin' and a-ripplin' in the breeze 
 Above his grave— and, over that, the robin in the trees! 
 
 And yit it's lonesome — lonesome! it's a Sunday day to me, 
 It 'pears like— more'n any day I nearly ever see — 
 Yit, with the Stars and Stripes above a'flutterin' in the air. 
 On ev'ry soldier's grave I'd love to lay a lily there. 
 
Tenting on the old Camp Ground. 
 
 Walter Kittredge. 
 Miss Fawcett and Mrs. E. R. Buckley. 
 
 We're tenting tonight on the old camp ground; 
 
 Give us a song to cheer 
 Our weary hearts: a song of home 
 
 And friends we love so dear. 
 
 Chorus . 
 
 Many are the hearts that are weary tonight, 
 
 Wishing for the war to cease; 
 Many are the hearts looking for the right, 
 
 To see the dawn of peace. 
 Tenting tonight! Tenting tonight! 
 Tenting on the old camp ground. 
 
 We've been tenting tonight on the old camp ground; 
 
 Thinking of days gone by; 
 Of the loved ones at home who gave us the hand, 
 
 And the tear that said, "Good-by!" 
 
 Chorus. 
 Many are the hearts, etc. 
 
 We've been fighting today on the old camp ground: 
 
 Many are lying near; 
 Sonic are dead, and some are dying, 
 
 Many are in tears. 
 
 Chorus . 
 
 Many are the hearts that are weary tonight. 
 
 Wishing for the war to cease: 
 Many are the hearts looking for the right. 
 
 To see the dawn of peace. 
 Dying tonight! Dying tonight! 
 Dying on the old camp ground. 
 
— 105 — 
 
 A Tribute to Those Who Fell on the Battlefield of Shiloh, 
 April 6 and 7, 1862. 
 
 G. S. Martin. 
 G. S. Martin, Co. E, 18th Regiment, Wisconsin Infantry. 
 
 These are the men who fought and fell 
 
 As only freemen fall. 
 Not for a soldier's glittering crown. 
 
 Nor yet at glory's call: 
 Bnt that the kindled fires of truth 
 
 On Freedom's sacred shrine. 
 Reflected through the world at large, 
 
 Might glow with rays sublime. 
 
 This spot of consecrated ground 
 
 Was hallowed by their tread. 
 And here they met the battle shock 
 
 That strewed this field with dead 
 On those eventful April days 
 
 That set this field apart, 
 And left these honored names enshrined 
 
 In every patriot heart. 
 
 Our mural monuments may mark 
 
 The places where they fought, 
 But Freedom, glorified, in fact 
 
 These places long had sought. 
 And here had built her sacred shrine 
 
 And flung its portals wide, 
 And to the listening world had said: 
 
 "Come, see where patriots died." 
 
 This altar glows with living coals 
 
 Of Freedom's vestal fire. 
 Enkindled in the hoary past 
 
 By noble son and sire, 
 And kept aglow in loyal hearts— 
 
 A secret, quenchless flame — 
 Till, on this virgin continent, 
 
 It dared to take a name. 
 
 And for its banner plucked the stars 
 
 From out their field of blue. 
 And tore its stripes from robes of light 
 
 Dipt in the sunset hue. 
 And bound them in a symbol grand 
 
 Of Union strong and free, 
 .'-nil gave it to her sons to guard 
 
 As long as time shall be 
 
Misguided sons of Freedom here 
 
 This glorious flag- disgraced, 
 And sought to pluck one-half the stars 
 
 That Freedom there had placed; 
 But other sons with vision clear 
 
 To Freedom's cause were true, 
 And died that every star might shine 
 
 \\ itliin that field of blue. 
 
 But Freedom's cause at last prevailed 
 
 On this and other fields, 
 And every star, with light undimmed, 
 
 Its glorious radiance yields 
 To penetrate the wide, wide world 
 
 With Freedom's blessed light. 
 And wake the nations of the earth 
 
 To man's inherent right. 
 
 This sacrifice was not too great. 
 
 Nor died these men in vain: 
 The peoples of the earth have heard 
 
 And join the grand refrain. 
 Which, feebly, here today we voice 
 
 In praise o'er land and sea 
 Of those who here gave up their lives 
 
 That mankind might be free. 
 
 One star in that grand galaxy — 
 
 Wisconsin it is named — 
 Shone out resplendent through that night, 
 
 While others waxed and waned, 
 And Freedom's vigils boldly kept 
 
 Along the battle front, 
 Till every star within the group 
 
 Shone out as was its wont. 
 
 And here, today. Wisconsin brings 
 
 This tribute to her sons. 
 Who fell upon this battlefield 
 
 Midst thunderous roar of guns. 
 And who now sleep beneath this sod. 
 
 No mure in time to wake. 
 Their deathless names inscribed with those 
 
 Who died for Freedom's sake. 
 
— 107- 
 
 CAPTAIN F. H. MAGDEBURG. 
 
 Address of Captain F. H. Magdeburg, President Wiscon- 
 sin Shiloh Monument Commission. 
 
 Gove Dior: 
 
 The time has arrived for delivering to you the monument we 
 were entrusted to erect by the State of Wisconsin on this his- 
 toric spot in honor of her brave sons who so freely offered their 
 lives here for their country. 
 
 It will at this time be proper to state that in 1000 a self- 
 constituted committee, consisting of Captain F. II. Magdeburg, 
 of the Fourteenth "Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, Mr. D. G. 
 James, at that time Department Commander, G. A. R., Depart- 
 ment of Wisconsin, of the Sixteenth Wisconsin Volunteer In- 
 fantry, and Surgeon E. J. Buck, of the Eighteenth Wisconsin 
 Volunteer Infantry, prepared a bill asking for an appropria- 
 tion of $20,000 for the purpose of erecting this monument, 
 which was enacted into a law by the Legislature of 1901, but 
 cut down to $10,000, with a clause restricting the commissioners 
 to the exclusive use of Wisconsin granite. 
 
Acting upon the authority which this law conferred upon 
 him, the then Governor, Robert M. La Follette, commissioned 
 Captain F. H. Magdeburg, of Milwaukee; Mr. R. E. Osborne, 
 of La Crosse ; Lieutenant and Adjutant D. Lloyd Jones, of Mil- 
 waukee ; Mr. D. G. James, of Richland Center, and Mr. J. W. 
 Baldoek, of Chilton, to carry out the provisions thereof. 
 
 The Commissioners visited Shiloh in 1901 and selected this 
 site for a monument, which selection was approved by the 
 Shiloh National Military Park Commission and the Secretary 
 of War. 
 
 They then tried to get designs and bids, but found themselves 
 woefully handicapped by the smallness of the appropriation, 
 as well as the unbusiness-like provision in the law restricting 
 them to Wisconsin granite. Upon a proper representation of 
 these facts to the Legislature of 1903, an additional $5,000 was 
 appropriated and the unbusiness-like provision was stricken 
 out, leaving the Commissioners unhampered and free to act ac- 
 cording to their best judgment. 
 
 Designs were called for, and one, submitted by Captain 
 W. R. Hodges, a Wisconsin soldier of the Civil War, living at 
 St. Louis, was accepted. It is the design of Mr. Robert Porter 
 Bringhurst, a sculptor of St. Louis, a son of an Illinois com- 
 rade. It embodies the beautiful and patriotic sentiment: 
 "That all who die upon the battlefield for their country are 
 sure of their reward in heaven." The following were my sug- 
 gestions to the sculptor: 
 
 "Let me give you my idea of what this group should be, and 
 what idea or thought it should convey to those who look upon it. 
 
 "The soldier should not be dead, but mortally stricken. His 
 agony should be expressed by his grasp at his death wound, 
 supposed to have been received near his heart. His face should 
 express exultation at the knowledge that victory crowns his 
 effort, and that the sacrifice of his life to his country's cause 
 is not in vain, which fact is made clear to him by Victory hold- 
 ing aloft the flag he carried, where, in his last moments, he can 
 gaze upon it and glory in the comforting thought of victory 
 won. 
 
 "The figure of Victory should be imposing and chaste, and 
 her face should express tenderness and solicitude." How well 
 these instructions were carried out remains for the public to 
 decide. 
 
— 109 — 
 
 The pedestal was designed by Mr. Charles A. Fink, a Mil- 
 waukee architect, and was executed by Messrs. Joseph Newall 
 & Co., of Westerly, R. I., in granite from their quarries at that 
 place. The bronze work was all cast by the Gorham Manufac- 
 turing Company, of Providence, R. I. 
 
 The only regret the Commissioners have to express is that 
 one of our co-laborers, Lieutenant and Adjutant D. Lloyd 
 Jones, is not one of our number today to enjoy with us the 
 fruition of our joint labors. He died December 29, 1904, be- 
 loved by all who knew him, and we, his co-laborers, have ever 
 since missed him. In deference to his memory and the fact 
 that the work of the Commission was practically finished, the 
 remaining commissioners unanimously requested the Governor 
 not to fill the vacancy. 
 
 I now take great pleasure, on behalf of the Wisconsin Shiloh 
 Monument Commission, to surrender to your fostering care 
 and keeping our labor of love, the monument before you. 
 
 Dedicated by the State of Wisconsin 
 
 to her valiant sons 
 
 who on April (5th and 7th, ls>;:.\ 
 
 Fought on this Battlefield 
 
 For the Preservation and Perpetuity 
 
 of the Union. 
 
 MAJOR I). W. REED, 
 Secretary and Historian Shiloh Natural Military Park Commission. 
 
(iOVERXOR JAMES O. DAVIDSON. 
 
 Acceptance of Monument and Presentation of Same to 
 the United States Government. 
 
 Governor James 0. Davidson. 
 
 Ft How Citizi ns: 
 
 I accept this beautiful monument from the Wisconsin Shiloli 
 Battlefield Commission. Its design reflects great credit upon 
 Captain Magdeburg and his co-workers on the Commission, and 
 its execution more highly praises the artist than any words of 
 mine could praise him. In behalf of the State which I have 
 the honor to represent, 1 present this monument to the Na- 
 tional Government, which will care for it during all future 
 time through the agency of the Shiloh National Military Park 
 Commission. 
 
Forty-four years ago today this park was the scene of bloody 
 conflict. This spot will ever he distinguished as the place on 
 the American continent where the first really great battle of 
 any war was fought. "We often refer with pride to the achieve- 
 ments of our Revolutionary heroes, who, for seven long years, 
 between Bunker Hill and Yorktown, fought the soldiers of 
 England and their Hessian hirelings. But in all that memor- 
 able struggle, so rich in results to the world, no battle was 
 fought that at all compares with that which we commemorate 
 today. 
 
 "What a wonderful healer is time ! Forty-four years ago the 
 roar of cannon and the rattle of musketry, the charge and the 
 repulse, the dead and the dying. 
 
 Today, the survivors of that memorable and epoch-making 
 battle are here as friends. One flag floats over them — the flag 
 of Washington ; one government guards the monuments here 
 erected to commemorate their valor. In the North, the "boys 
 in blue" place the first flowers of springtime on the last resting 
 places of the "boys that wore the gray," and in the Southland 
 this kindness is reciprocated. 
 
 There was no element of personal bitterness between the sol- 
 diers of the North and the soldiers of the South. Each bears 
 cheerful testimony to the other's bravery, and their children 
 are now happily united in the effort to repair the ravages of 
 the war and make this country greater than it was before. 
 
 It would not be proper on this occasion to discuss the causes 
 that brought on the conflict which engaged in battle more than 
 two million of the best and bravest of America's sons. But it 
 can with truth be said that if the teachings of Washington and 
 Jefferson had been followed by the statesmen of our country, 
 there would have been no war between 1861 and 1865, and no 
 occasion for the dedicatory exercises in which we are this day 
 engaged. 
 
 I would at this time enjoin upon the soldiers of the North 
 and of the South that they teach their children to study well 
 the Declaration of Independence and Washington's farewell 
 address, and in the light of these construe the Constitution of 
 our country as a safeguard against future trouble. Human 
 selfishness and special privilege, controlling the public press 
 and stifling free speech and candid argument, deluged our land 
 
in blood and made widows and orphans in every hamlet. Let 
 us hope today, in the presence of the illustrious dead, that 
 human selfishness and special privilege will never again, in any 
 form, be permitted to fill this land with mourning. 
 
 Our greatest need at this time, as during our past history, 
 is education. The fundamental principle of our government, 
 the sovereignty of the people, demands that every citizen 
 should be well taught in all principles of private and public 
 duty. An educated people can never become the dupes of 
 demagogues. It was well said by one of our most illustrious 
 statesmen, more than a hundred years ago, that "People cor- 
 rectly informed will always do right." 
 
 Correct information must always precede right action. It is 
 only when the people are fully informed that it can be truth- 
 fully said that the "voice of the people is the voice of God." 
 The law that gives to the citizen the privilege of approaching 
 the ballot box should also provide for him such an education 
 that his ballot will prove a blessing and a benefit to his munici- 
 pality, state and nation. 
 
 Without universal education we cannot safely have universal 
 suffrage. I am led to this reflection by a conviction that many 
 of the calamities which have overtaken us in our national life 
 might have been avoided if the masses had been rightly in- 
 structed. It is the part of wisdom to profit by the errors of 
 the past, and bravely and patriotically face the future. The 
 forefathers of the brave men who repose on this battlefield fol- 
 lowed Washington at Trenton, at Monmouth, and at Yorktown. 
 They established a government based on the political equality 
 of man. We rejoice today that in the recent past the sons of 
 the "Roys in Blue" and the '"Boys m Gray," under the leader- 
 ship of Joe Wheeler and Theodore Roosevelt, followed the 
 starry banner of Washington and drove Spanish tyranny from 
 the American continent and gave birth to a new republic. 
 
 We are now one people. Forty-four years ago we numbered 
 32,000,000; we are now 80,000,000. Then we had 32,000 miles 
 of railway: now we have more than 250.000 miles. Then we 
 had 33 states; now we have 45. We are a ureal nation. 
 
 Every age brings its own problems for solution. We have 
 questions to settle today as momentous as any thai <-<>neerned 
 us in the past. And in their right settlement the North needs 
 the wise and patriotic co-operation of the South. 
 
The State which I have the honor to represent furnished 
 91,379 soldiers between 1861 and 1865. Of this number 3,810 
 were killed in action and died of wounds-, and 8.272 died from 
 all other causes, Wisconsin's total loss being 12,082. Three 
 regiments, the Fourteenth, Sixteenth and Eighteenth, partici- 
 pated in the battle in this park, of which 7!) were killed. 345 
 were wounded, and 203 were missing; total. 027. As we look- 
 about us and view these beautiful monuments, dedicated to the 
 valor of men who fought and died here forty-four years ago, we 
 are reminded of the awful price in blood and treasure paid for 
 our national unity. Let us prize it at what it eoet: and on this 
 ground, sanctified by the blood of the Nation 's brave men, let 
 us resolve that in the contests of the future our only weapons 
 will be arguments and reason, firmly relying on the intelligence 
 and virtue of the majority to give the victory on the side of 
 truth and right. 
 
 Iru,-.^"""H.^.„ I111P? . 
 ^■■■■iSii"-- 
 
 raking on a Cargo of Tennessee Peanuts. 
 
Acceptance of Monument en Behalf of U. S. 
 Government. 
 
 Colonel Cornelius Cadle, 
 
 Chairman of Shiloh National Military Park Commission. 
 
 Governor Davidson and Gentlemen of the Wisconsin Shiloh 
 Monumt at Commission : 
 At the suggestion of the President of your Commission, Cap- 
 tain Magdeburg, a formal request was made by me to the War 
 Department that the Secretary or Assistant Secretary of War 
 mighl lie present at this dedication to receive, on behalf of the 
 United States, the monument erected by Wisconsin on this field. 
 In response to this request. Colonel Robert Shaw Oliver, the 
 Assistant Secretary of War. who was a soldier for the Union 
 during the Civil War. writes me. regretting exceedingly that 
 neither the Secretary nor the Assistant Secretary of War can 
 be present on this occasion, and directing me. as Chairman of 
 
the Shiloh National ^Military Park Commission, to represent the 
 United States in the acceptance of this monument. 
 
 It therefore gives me great pleasure to accept this magnifi- 
 cent monument commemorating the valor and splendid service 
 performed on this field by the volunteers of the Fourteenth, 
 Sixteenth and Eighteenth Wisconsin Regiments of Infantry, 
 and to assure you that from now and henceforth the monument 
 will be under the care and protection of the United States. 
 
 It may not be amiss at this time to recall to your minds some 
 few details as to the part played by Wisconsin in the great 
 struggle for the preservation of the Union. It appears from 
 the official records that there were fifty-three regiments of in- 
 fantry, thirteen companies of light artillery, three regiments 
 of cavalry and one regiment of heavy artillery from Wisconsin 
 in the military service of the United States during the Civil 
 War. 
 
 It also appears that the number of men furnished to the 
 Army, Navy and Marine Corps by the State during that war 
 was 91,379. It should be borne in mind, however, that this 
 number represents enlistments (credits), and not the actual 
 number of individuals in service, which latter has never been 
 officially determined, no compilation of the number of enlist- 
 ments ever having been made. It is estimated, however, from 
 the best data obtainable, that the number of individuals from 
 your State in service in the Union Army, Navy and Marine 
 Corps during the war was 72,757. 
 
 According to the latest official compilation, the whole num- 
 ber of deaths among officers and enlisted men in Wisconsin or- 
 ganizations in the Union Army during the Civil War was 
 12,082. Of this number, 3,810 were killed in action and died 
 of wounds received in action, while 8,272 died from all other 
 causes. 
 
 Your three Wisconsin regiments on this field had present 
 for duty: The Fourteenth, 730; the Sixteenth, 827; the Eight- 
 eenth, 735 ; a total of 2,292. 
 
 There were killed: The Fourteenth. 16; the Sixteenth, 40; 
 the Eighteenth, 23 ; a total of 79. 
 
 There were wounded: The Fourteenth, 74; the Sixteenth,. 
 188 ; the Eighteenth, 83 ; a total of 345. 
 
 There were missing: The Fourteenth, 3; the Sixteenth. 26- 
 the Eighteenth, 174; a total of 203. 
 
The casualties aggregated ;i total of 627, or a loss of nearly 
 27 4-10 per centum. 
 
 These figures show that Wisconsin on this field, as on all 
 others, did her full service for our Union. 
 
 We have an orator upon our Commission. 1 refer to General 
 Basil W. Duke, of John Morgan's command, who, according to 
 the program, follows me. Theie is no controversy between Gen- 
 eral Duke and those of us who wore the blue and fought on this 
 historic field. We are now brothers of a reunited country — 
 brothers in every respect. 
 
 Bloody Pond. 
 
Remarks. 
 
 General Basil W. Duke, 
 
 Member of Shiloh National Military Pari- Commission. 
 
 The position I occupy today and the share I take in these 
 ceremonies may seem to some of those who hear me strangely 
 at variance with my former attitude as a soldier in the ranks 
 of the Confederacy, and would, at one time, have been scarcely 
 explicable to myself. Not many years since, indeed, it would 
 have been deemed incredible that one who stood upon this very 
 field in hostile temper and "bloody opposition" to the men in 
 whose honor this monument is erected—these men who fought 
 to preserve a Union he was seeking to dismember, and died for 
 a country he was striving to divide — should ever join sincerely 
 and gladly in rendering them a testimonial, not only of respect, 
 but of approbation. Yet the wonder ceases when we compare 
 the present with the past — that past of wrath and misconstruc- 
 tion, the present so unlike what some of us expected — and pon- 
 der the lesson the intervening years have taught. More than 
 the span of a generation had passed before either yon. to whom 
 
the victory was given, or we who knew the sting of failure and 
 defeat, could understand all that was involved in the conflict 
 or the full meaning and measure of the result. But when not 
 only had the causes of sectional controversy been removed and 
 the animus which incited it allayed, hut when the anger and 
 resentment of the strife had been forgotten as the years rolled 
 by, we could discern that estrangement was as abnormal as dis- 
 sension, and realized that our common destiny as a united peo- 
 ple could be accomplished only by mutual and perfect recon- 
 ciliation. 
 
 An occasion like this which brings you here today must be 
 one of interest in whatever aspect it be regarded. As a tribute 
 to the dead from their friends and surviving comrades — a 
 token of love and esteem for the brave men who gave their lives 
 for their people — all can understand it. They fell here in the 
 flower of youth and prime of manhood, and what you do now 
 is an appropriate recognition of the spirit which was willing 
 to brave any danger and suffer the extremest penalty self-abne- 
 gation could incur, if by such sacrifice they might serve their 
 country. It is no less intelligible as an evidence that national 
 appreciation and acknowledgment of such martyrdom will not 
 be wanting, and that the memory of those who died in defense 
 of the national integrity shall be held in remembrance and 
 honor. 
 
 But is there not a broader and even grander meaning in 
 these ceremonies when conducted at a spot like this? Upon 
 ground to which, in all the national future, men from the 
 North and men from the South alike shall come, like pilgrims 
 to some sacred shrine; where men who wore the blue and men 
 who wore the gray shall meet and unite in reverent homage to 
 the heroic dead. "When we witness these rites performed on a 
 Battlefield where men strove against as well as for the govern- 
 ment by whose countenance they are held, and know that equal 
 honor may be paid to all: when we reflect that there rest in 
 death beneath this held as many who were arrayed against the 
 national authority as those who marched and bled in obedience 
 to the national mandate, and that to each is given the same re- 
 spect and care, we can realize that what is so done here means 
 more than the same mortuary honors rendered elsewhere. 
 
 This National Park was established in order that it might be 
 
made a memorial of the valor and devotion shown by those who 
 fell on either side, and no testimonial which human wisdom 
 might devise could more perfectly attest the restoration of fra- 
 ternal feeling and the existence of that unity of national senti- 
 ment without which mere political union would be of slight 
 avail. 
 
 But you will pardon me, I trust, my friends, if I suggest 
 that these things have an even profounder significance, and one 
 that only in very recent years has been comprehended. Even 
 in the fiercest grapple of the Avar, and in the even bitterer pe- 
 riod which immediately succeeded it, the more tolerant and 
 generous of the combatants were accustomed to concede each 
 other at least sincerity of conviction. They said of each other: 
 ''They believe that they are right; they are fighting for that 
 which they have faith in.'' But have we not gradually come 
 to believe that something more than this may be justly said? 
 And that there was indeed an element of right and justice in 
 each contention? 
 
 We. who fought upon the Southern side, did so in the full 
 belief that the several States which constituted the Union were 
 sovereign, independent and equal; that the States which had 
 formed the compact, of which the Union was the result, had 
 possessed these political attributes since the date that they had 
 been freed from the dominion of Great Britain, and did not 
 surrender them by the terms of the compact or as a logical 
 consequence of its adoption ; and that the States subsequently 
 organized and admitted into the Union were admitted upon 
 an equal footing and accorded, necessarily, the same status 
 and the same rights that were claimed or possessed by its orig- 
 inal members. There was, it is true, no declaration of the right 
 of a State to secede or withdraw from the Union expressed in 
 the Constitution, nor. in our theory, was such a reservation 
 necessary, because the independent political communities which 
 could make such a compact could also rescind it. We believed, 
 therefore, that each or any member of the States had the right 
 to withdraw from the Union and form another and independ- 
 ent confederation, because such right to dissolve existing politi- 
 cal relations and enter into new ones is but one expression of 
 the fundamental truth that "all just government rests on the 
 consent of the governed." 
 
We also honestly believed that if one section of this coun- 
 try — if the people of one group of States — could interfere with 
 and control the domestic affairs of the people of the other States, 
 there would be an end of the local autonomy on which was 
 founded that liberty which in the estimation of the American 
 is almost the only form of freedom worth having. 
 
 You believed — and, I think, correctly — that, without the Un- 
 ion of the States, there could be no lasting peace upon this 
 continent; that the process of disintegration, having once be- 
 gun, would go on indefinitely until the whole land would be 
 subdivided into a multitude of feeble but unfriendly communi- 
 ties, and become a chaos of jealous rivalries and intestinal 
 strife — until not only the prosperity and happiness of its peo- 
 ple would be destroyed, but law and order would be impossible. 
 
 Regarding each contention independently and without con- 
 sideration of the other, might it not be said that each was right? 
 
 I say this with no purpose to reopen an argument which has 
 been removed from the region of discussion by the most conclu- 
 sive of all arbitraments, but only in a spirit of historic criticism 
 and a natural desire to offer such vindication of the conduct of 
 my own comrades as I think it deserves. Nor can justice be 
 fully rendered the dead men of both the contending hosts who 
 are buried upon this field unless the motives which impelled 
 them to the sacrifice are rightly and distinctly understood. They 
 were in no sense mercenary soldiers or military adventurers; 
 they were not the instruments with which greed or ambition 
 wages war; they were patriots in the noblest meaning of the 
 appellation, who, on each side, fought to assert a principle and 
 maintain a right. I believe that posterity will acquit of all 
 blame the soldier who in such a contest fell beneath his flag, no 
 matter whether the breast which was pierced by the bullet was 
 clad in the blue or the gray. I believe, also, that the experience 
 of that conflict, however much we may regret it, has been pro- 
 ductive of benefit in many ways. It has taught us wisdom we 
 could have acquired in no other school, has warned us effectually 
 against future strife, and has made us a nation the like of which 
 the world has never seen before. With Ibis conviction. T can 
 eulogize these dead heroes whom you are here to honor, if not 
 in the same affectionate spirit. a1 least as sincerely as yon do 
 
— 121 — 
 
 yourselves ; aye, and can be grateful for the example they have 
 furnished the youth of our country. 
 
 Remembering, then, my friends, that we are and must remain 
 one people, with a Union we all love, a flag we will all defend, 
 a common glory and a joint inheritance, we can stand with rev- 
 erence around these graves and honor the men who died for the 
 land of which all our children shall be citizens. 
 
 America. 
 
 Samuel F. Smith. 
 Miss Fawcett, Mrs. E. R. Pucki.ev, and the Audience. 
 
 My country, 'tis of thee. 
 Sweet land of liberty. 
 
 Of thee I sing; 
 Land where my fathers died, 
 Land of the Pilgrims" pride, 
 From every mountain-side 
 
 Let freedom ring. 
 
 My native country, thee. 
 Land of the noble free, 
 
 Thy nam!- I love: 
 I love thy rocks and rills. 
 Thy woods and templed hills: 
 .My heart with rapture thrills 
 
 Like that above. 
 
 Let music swell the breeze, 
 And ring from all the trees, 
 
 Sweet freedom's song; 
 Let mortal tongues awake. 
 Let all that breathe partake. 
 Let rocks their silence break, 
 
 The sound prolong. 
 
 Our father's God, to Thee, 
 Author of Liberty, 
 
 To Thee we sing. 
 Long may our land be bright 
 With freedom's holy light; 
 Protect ns by Thy might, 
 
 Great God, our King. 
 
Benediction. 
 By the Rev. W. D. Dtnn. 
 
 We thank Thee, our Heavenly Father, for the goodness and 
 mercy Thou hast extended to us. We thank Thee for this day, 
 with its blessings and opportunities. We thank Thee for tins 
 good weather. Bless this great and forever reunited Nation. 
 Bless these brethren and sisters: help them to live for Jesus. 
 May they have a pleasant and sate voyage back to their homes; 
 and at last save us in heaven. The grace of the Lord Jesus 
 Christ, and the love of God, and the communion of the Holy 
 Ghost, be with yon all. Amen. 
 
 MRS. MAKY ANN BALL IM( K KKDVKK. 
 
 known tlirnlll 
 
 d army nurse in the Army of Hie Tennessee, 
 thai army as "Mother Bickerdyke." 
 
127 
 
 What the Shiloh National Military Park Commission Has 
 Done Since Its Organization. 
 
 Under the provisions of the act of Congress to establish the 
 Shiloh National Military Park, approved December 27, 1894, the 
 Secretary of War appointed as Commissioners : Colonel Cor- 
 nelius Cadle, of Cincinnati, Ohio, for Army of the Tennessee, 
 Chairman ; General Don Carlos Buell, of Paradise, Ky., for 
 Army of the Ohio ; Colonel Robert F. Looney, of Memphis, 
 Tenn., for Army of the Mississippi; Major D. W. Reed, of Chi- 
 cago, 111., Secretary and Historian, and Captain James W. Irwin, 
 of Savannah, Tenn., agent for the purchase of land. 
 
 The Commission met and organized April 2, 1895, at Pitts- 
 burg Landing, Tenn., and at once entered upon the discharge of 
 its duties under the direction of the Secretary of War. Mr. 
 James M. Riddell was appointed Clerk of the Commission. 
 
 Mr. Atwell Thompson, civil engineer, of Chattanooga, Tenn., 
 was employed to take charge of the work. Under his direction 
 surveys were made and parallel lines run across the field from 
 north to south, every 200 feet, upon which stakes were set 200 
 feet apart. From this survey levels were taken and a contour 
 topographical map made of all the land within the limits of the 
 park. 
 
 General Don Carlos Buell died on November 19, 1898, and 
 Major J. H. Ashcraft, late of the Twenty-sixth Kentucky Vol- 
 unteers, was appointed in his place. 
 
 Colonel Robert F. Looney died on November 19, 1899, and 
 Colonel Josiah Patterson, late of the First Alabama Cavalry, 
 was appointed in his place. 
 
 Colonel Josiah Patterson died Fehrua^v 12. 1904. and General 
 Basil W. Duke, of Louisville, Ky.. was appointed in his place. 
 
 From official maps and reports, information received from 
 residents, personal recollection* of survivors of the battle, and 
 other information, roads, field* and camps were restored, battle 
 lines and positions of troops located and sbown on the map and 
 marked by historical tablets on the ground. Four maps have 
 
been made which show the field of operations, the approaches 
 to Shiloh, and a map of each day's battle. Copies of these maps 
 accompany this report. 
 
 The Shiloh National Military Park contains about 3,500 to 
 3,600 acres of land, traversed by about twenty-five miles of mac- 
 adamized roads, with paved ditches, stone or concrete bridges 
 and culverts with head walls, which have been constructed at a 
 cost of $83,983.18 to date of Commissioners' last report, August 
 31, 1906. 
 
 Dead trees have been cut away and replaced by young trees 
 and the underbrush has been cut out and is kept cut out yearly, 
 so that the whole has the appearance of a well-kept, beautiful 
 park, which in truth it is in every respect. 
 
 The United States Government has erected five mortuary 
 monuments to Wallace, Peabody and Raith (Union), Johnston 
 and Gladden (Confederate). They are of the same design, ex- 
 cept that of "Wallace, and are placed where the respective officers 
 fell. There have also been erected by the United States, head- 
 quarters monuments, all of the same design, at the places where 
 five division — McClernand, W. H. L. Wallace, Hurlbut. Sher- 
 man, and Prentiss — and nine brigade — Hare, Ross, Tuttle, Mr- 
 Arthur, Sweeny, Veatch, McDowell, Stuart and Peabody — 
 headquarters Avere located. 
 
 There are 226 guns mounted in the park, all in positions 
 where batteries fought on both days and on both sides. They 
 are mounted on cast-iron carriages, the trails and wheels being 
 placed on concrete foundations. These guns mark 127 Union 
 ■•Hid !)!) Confederate battery positions. Iron tablets planted into 
 cement foundations have been erected, showing 226 Union and 
 171 Confederate positions, with appropriate legends thereon. 
 
 In addition to these there are erected 254 more iron tablets, 
 divided as follows: Union camp tablets, *'■'> ; general historical 
 tablets, 2f) : brigade headquarters tablets. 9; explanatory tablets, 
 iU law tablets, 6; iron road siens. 00; grave markers, 35; grand 
 total of iron tablets, sitrns and markers, 651, all of a permanent 
 nature. In addition to these, the Government is about to erect 
 one monument to each arm of the service in commemoration of 
 the Infantry, Cavalry and Artillery of the United Spiles Army 
 participating in the battle, an appropriation of $6,000 having 
 
been made by the Congress of the United States for that pur- 
 pose. 
 
 The remains of Union soldiers were taken up and placed in 
 the National Cemetery, located on the bank of the Tennessee 
 River, overlooking the same for many miles. It is a most beau- 
 tiful, well-kept, but sorrowful, spot, with its 3,617 graves staring 
 .you in the face, of which 2,377 are marked "Unknown." 
 
 The remains of Confederate soldiers were, immediately after 
 the battle, placed in five large common graves on the battlefield, 
 and have since been properly surrounded by concrete walls and 
 coping, and have been appropriately marked. These bodies 
 have never been disturbed. 
 
 The history of Shiloh campaign and battle, which we deem 
 necessary to publish in this book, was compiled by Major D. W. 
 Reed, the Secretary and Historian of the Shiloh National Mili- 
 tary Park Commission, who has given this work the most careful 
 research and labor. He has spared no pains to ascertain the 
 truth, and has presented it fairly and squarely, and this report 
 of the campaign and battle of Shiloh stands today for all time 
 as the true official version thereof. 
 
 To Major D. W. Reed, personally, the Wisconsin Shiloh Mon- 
 ument Commissioners are indebted more than they can here 
 express. From the very beginning of our work he has been 
 patient, helpful and courteous, and has done everything in his 
 power to help put us right and to lighten our labors. We ren- 
 der him this tribute out of the fullness of our hearts. 
 
 What the Several States Have Done. 
 
 Illinois has erected one State monument, one cavalry monu- 
 ment and one monument to each of its organizations (which lat- 
 ter are of one design) participating in the battle, a total of forty 
 monuments, of which we take pleasure in presenting some views 
 herein. 
 
 Ohio has erected thirty-four monuments, one for each Ohio 
 organization engaged in the battle, all being of granite and all 
 being of different design. We present some of them on accom- 
 panying plates herein. 
 
 Indiana has erected twenty-two monuments, all of one design, 
 for the arm of service they represent, and. of course, inscribed 
 
with proper legends and dedicated to each organization which 
 had foughl in the battle. We present some for the information 
 of readers. 
 
 Iowa erected the most conspicuous State monument upon the 
 ground, as well as one monument to each of the organizations 
 from thai State participating in the battle, a total of twelve 
 monuments. The organization monuments are of one pattern. 
 We take great pleasure in showing what our neighboring State 
 has done. 
 
 Pennsylvania erected a very beautiful monument, of which 
 we produce a picture, for the Seventy-seventh Infantry, the 
 only regiment from that State in the battle of Shiloh. 
 
 Minnesota had but one organization engaged in the battle of 
 Shiloh. but has erected a very handsome monument within sight 
 of the Wisconsin monument. 
 
 Tennessee is represented by one monument, erected, as we un- 
 derstand, by private subscription. It is neat and appropriate. 
 and does the donors great credit. We take great pleasure to 
 here present it to readers. 
 
 Alabama is represented by one monument, the gift of the Ala- 
 bama Society of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, and 
 we present ;i picture thereof. It does the "Daughters" credit. 
 
 We are under obligations, and here tender our thanks to. the 
 Illinois and Ohio Commissioners and to the St. Louis and Ten- 
 nessee River Packet Company for the loan of some of their 
 plates used by us in this book. 
 
 There is a grand total of one hundred and fourteen monu- 
 ments now erected in memory of troops of various States who 
 participated in this battle, one of the most sanguinary, if not 
 the most sanguinary, of the War of the Rebellion. It is to be 
 hoped that eventually all States having troops in that battle 
 will do their memory justice by erecting monuments to them. 
 
138 
 
 MAJOR GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT. 
 
139 
 
 Shiloh Campaign and Battle. 
 
 By Major D. \V. Reed, 
 
 Secretary and Historian of Shiloh National Military Park Co 
 
 Field of Operations.* 
 
 On the 1st day of January, 1862, General Albert Sidney John- 
 ston was in command of all the Confederate forces of Tennessee 
 and Kentucky. His troops occupied a line of defense extend- 
 ing from Columbus, Ky., through Forts Henry and Donelson to 
 Bowling Green. Ky., where General Johnston had his headquar- 
 ters. 
 
 General H. W. Halleek at that date commanded the Depart- 
 ment of the Missouri, with headquarters at St. Louis, and Gen- 
 eral D. C. Buell commanded the Department of the Ohio, with 
 headquarters at Louisville. Ky. The Cumberland River formed 
 the boundary separating the Departments of the Missouri and 
 the Ohio. 
 
 Various plans had been canvassed by Generals Halleek and 
 Buell, participated in by the general-in -chief, for an attack upon 
 the Confederate line. General Halleek had asked to have Gen- 
 eral Buell's army transferred to him, or at least placed under 
 his command, claiming that without such union and an army of 
 at least 60,000 men under one commander, it would be impossible 
 to break the well-established lines of General Johnston. f 
 
 Before such union could be effected, and before General Hal- 
 leek had received a reply to his request. General Grant asked for 
 and received permission to attack the line at Fort Henry on the 
 Tennessee River.ij: Assisted by the gunboat fleet of Commodore 
 Foote. Grant captured Fort Henry on the 6th of February, and 
 then moving upon Fort Donelson captured that place with 15,000 
 prisoners on the 16th. The loss of these forts broke General 
 Johnston's line at its center and compelled him to evacuate Col- 
 
 * See map of field of operations. 
 
 fNo. 8 War Records, pp. 508-510. Reference to War Records will 
 be given by serial numbers, 10 War Records being volume in- 11 War 
 Records being part 2 of volume 10. 
 
 $1 Grant, p. 287. 
 
umbus and Bowling Green, abandon Tennessee and Kentucky 
 to the Union Army and seek a new line of defense on the Mem- 
 phis and Charleston Railroad. 
 
 General Halleck was displeased with Grant because he sent a 
 division of troops into Buell's department at Clarksville.* This 
 displeasure was increased when he learned that General Grant 
 bad gone to Nashville for consultation with General Buell. Hal- 
 leck directed the withdrawal of Smith's division from Clarksville. 
 suspended General Grant from command, and ordered him to 
 Fort Henry to await orders. f He then placed General C. P. 
 Smith in command of all the troops, with orders to proceed up 
 the Tennessee River and to make an effort to break the Con- 
 federate line on the Memphis & Charleston Railroad at some 
 place near Florence. $ 
 
 General Smith's advance reached Savannah, Tenn., March 13, 
 1862. Having determined to make that point his base of opera- 
 tions, he landed the troops that accompanied his advance and 
 sent boats back for supplies and the remainder of his army. 
 
 General W. T. Sherman had organized a division of new troops 
 while he was in command at Paducah. With these he was or- 
 dered to report to General Smith. He reached Savannah on the 
 14th of March and was ordered by General Smith to proceed up 
 the river to some point near Eastport, and from there make an 
 attempt to break the Memphis & Charleston Railroad in the 
 vicinity of Burnsville, Miss.§ 
 
 Previous to this time a gunboat fleet had passed up the Ten- 
 nessee River as far as Florence. At Pittsburg Landing this fleet 
 encountered a small force of Confederates consisting of the 
 Eighteenth Louisiana Infantry, Gibson 's battery of artillery, and 
 some cavalry. The gunboats shelled the position and drove away 
 the Confederates. A bursting shell set fire to and destroyed one 
 of the three buildings at the landing. The fleet proceeded up the 
 river to Florence, and on its return landed a small party at Pitts- 
 burg Landing to investigate. This party found a dismounted 
 32-pounder gun on the river bluff, and, about one mile out, a hos- 
 pital eontaining several Confederate soldiers that had been 
 wounded a few days before in the engagement with the fleet. 
 
 *Halleck's telegram to Ciilhim, March 1, 1862. 
 til War Records . p. 2. 
 
 t 7 War Records, p. fi~4: 11 War Records, p. 
 § 10 War Records, p. 22. 
 
Near the hospital a Confederate picket post stopped their ad- 
 vance and the party returned to the boats. 
 
 In the report made by the officer in command of this naval 
 expedition is found the first mention of Pittsburg Landing, that 
 little hamlet on the Tennessee River so soon to become historic. 
 
 When General Sherman's command was passing Pittsburg 
 Landing, Lieutenant Gwin, of the United States gunboat Tyler, 
 pointed out to General Sherman the position that had been occu- 
 pied by the Confederate battery, and informed him that there 
 was a good road from that point to Corinth. That it was, in fact, 
 the landing place for all goods shipped by river to and from 
 Corinth. General Sherman at once reported these facts to Gen- 
 eral Smith, and asked that the place be occupied in force while 
 the demonstration was being made against Burnsville. In com- 
 pliance with this request, General Hurlbut's division was at 
 once dispatched by boats to Pittsburg Landing. 
 
 General Sherman proceeded up the river and landed his divi- 
 sion at the mouth of Yellow Creek, a feAv miles below Eastport, 
 and made an attempt to march to Burnsville. Heavy rains and 
 high water compelled his return to the boats. Finding no other 
 accessible landing place, he dropped down to Pittsburg Landing, 
 where he found Hurlbut's division on boats. 
 
 Sherman reported to General Smith that Eastport was occu- 
 pied in force by the Confederates, and that Pittsburg Landing 
 was the first point below Eastport that was above water, so that 
 a landing of troops could lie made. He was directed to disem- 
 bark his division and Hurlbut's and put them in camp far 
 enough back to afford room for the other divisions of the army 
 to encamp near the river. 
 
 On the 16th of March Sherman landed a part of his division, 
 and, accompanied by Colonel McPherson, of General Halleck's 
 staff, marched out as far as Monterey, eleven miles, dispersing a 
 Confederate cavalry camp. Returning to the river, he spent two 
 days in disembarking his troops and selecting camps, and on the 
 19th moved out and put his troops into the positions to which 
 he had assigned them, about two and one-half miles from the 
 landing. 
 
 Pittsburg Landing, on the left bank of the Tennessee River, 
 eight miles above Savannah, was at that time simply a landing 
 place for steamboats trading along the river. Its high bluff, at 
 
— 142 — 
 
 Least eighty feel above the water at its highest flood, afforded a 
 safe place for the deposits of products unloaded from or to be 
 Loaded upon the boats. From this landing a good ridge road ran 
 southwesterly to Corinth. Miss., twenty-two miles away. One 
 mile out from the river the Corinth road crossed another road 
 running north and south, parallel with the river, and connecting 
 Savannah below with Hamburg, four miles above Pittsburg 
 Landing. One quarter of a mile beyond this crossing the Cor- 
 inth road forked, the part known as Eastern Corinth road run- 
 ning nearly south until it intersected the Bark road, three miles 
 from the river. 
 
 The other, or main road, running due west from the fork, 
 crossed the Hamburg and Purdy road two miles from the river, 
 and then turning southwest, passed Shiloh Church just two and 
 one-half miles from the river. At a point five miles out this 
 main road intersected the Bark road at the southwest corner of 
 what is now the lands of the Shiloh National Military Park. The 
 Bark road, running nearly due east to Hamburg, forms the 
 southern boundary of the park. 
 
 On the south side of the Bark road ridge is Lick Creek, which 
 has its rise near Monterey, and empties into the Tennessee about 
 two miles above Pittsburg Landing. North of the main Corinth 
 road, and at an average of about one mile from it, is Owl Creek, 
 which flows northeasterly and empties into Snake Creek at the 
 point where the Savannah road crosses it. Snake Creek empties 
 into the Tennessee River about one mile below Pittsburg Land- 
 ing. 
 
 All these streams flow through flat, muddy bottom lands and 
 are, in the spring of the year, practically impassable, and in 
 April. 1862, could not be crossed except at two or three places 
 where bridges were maintained. These streams therefore formed 
 an excellent protection against an attack upon either flank of an 
 army encamped between them. The general surface of the land 
 along the Corinth road is about on the same level, but is cut up 
 on either side by deep ravines and water courses leading into 
 the creeks. In many of these ravines are running streams with 
 the usual marshy margins. 
 
 In 1862 this plateau was covered with open forest with fre- 
 quent thick undergrowth and an occasional clearing of a few 
 acres surrounding the farmhouse of the owner. 
 
Pennsylvania State Monument. 
 
Sherman selected grounds for his division camps just behind 
 a stream called Shiloh Branch, McDowell's brigade on the right, 
 with his right on Owl Creek at the bridge where the Hamburg 
 and Purdy road crosses the creek. Buckland's brigade next in 
 line to the left, with his left at Shiloh Church. Hildebrand's 
 brigade to the left of the church. Stuart's brigade, detached 
 from others, to the extreme left of the line at the point where 
 the Savannah and Hamburg and the Purdy and Hamburg roads 
 unite just before they cross Lick Creek. 
 
 Hurlbut's division formed its camp one mile in rear of Sher- 
 man's, near the crossing of the Corinth and the Hamburg and 
 Savannah roads. 
 
 On the 11th day of March the Departments of the Missouri 
 and the Ohio were consolidated under the name of the Depart- 
 ment of the Mississippi, and Major General H. W. Halleck was 
 assigned to the command, giving him from that date the con- 
 trol he had sought— of both armies then operating in Tennessee. 
 General Smith, about the time of his arrival at Savannah, had 
 received an injury to his leg while stepping from a gunboat into 
 a yawl. This injury, apparently insignificant at first, soon took 
 such serious form that the General was obliged to relinquish 
 command of the troops, and General Grant was restored to duty 
 and ordered by General Halleck to repair to Savannah and take 
 command of the troops in that vicinity. Upon his arrival at 
 Savannah, March 17, General Grant found his army divided, a 
 part on either side of the Tennessee River. He at once reported 
 to General Halleck* the exact situation, and in answer was di- 
 rected to "destroy the railroad connections at Corinth." f 
 
 To carry out this order General Grant transferred the remain- 
 der of his army, except a small garrison for Savannah, to the 
 west side of the river, concentrating the First, Second, Fourth 
 and Fifth divisions at Pittsburg Landing, and the Third at 
 Crump's Landing, six miles below. General McClernand with 
 the First Division formed his camp in rear of Sherman's right 
 brigades. General W. H. L. Wallace, commanding the Second 
 Division, encamped to the right of Hnrlbut, between Corinth 
 road and Snake Creek. A new division, the Sixth, just organiz- 
 
 *H War Records, p. 43. 
 til War Records, p. 46. 
 
ing under General Prentiss out of new troops, went into camp 
 as Hie regiments arrived between Hildebrand's and Stuart's bri- 
 gades of Sherman's division, its .-enter on the eastern Corinth 
 toad. General Lew Wallace, commanding the Third Division, 
 placed his fii'sl brigade at Crump's, his second brigade at Stony 
 Lonesome, and his third brigade at Adamsville, five miles out on 
 the Purdy road. 
 
 On March 10 General Halleck wrote General McClellan: "I 
 propose going to the Tennessee in a few days to take personal 
 command."* Pending his arrival at the front, his orders to 
 Smith, to Sherman and to Grant were: "My instructions not 
 to bring on an engagement must be strictly obeyed ;"f but when 
 informed by General Grant that the contemplated attack upon 
 Corinth would make a general engagement inevitable, Halleck at 
 once ordered, "By all means keep your forces together until yon 
 connect with General Buell. Don't let the enemy draw you into 
 an engagement now."i To this General Grant replied: "All 
 troops have been concentrated near Pittsburg Landing. No 
 movement of troops will be made except to advance Sherman to 
 Pea Ridge. "§ Sherman made a reconnoissance toward Pea 
 Ridge March 24 and drove some cavalry across Lick Creek. He 
 bivouacked at Chambers' plantation that night and returned to 
 camp next morning. 
 
 On the 31st, with two regiments of infantry, a section of artil- 
 lery and a company of cavalry. Sherman went up to Eastport. 
 Finding the Confederate works there and at Chickasaw, aban- 
 doned, he sent his scouts toward Iuka. Confederate cavalry was 
 encountered, and the command returned to Pittsburg Landing. 
 
 The Army of the Tennessee, commanded by Major General U. 
 S. Grant, was, on the 5th of April. 1862, composed of six divi- 
 sions. The First, commanded by Major General John A. Mc- 
 Clernand ; the Second, by Brigadier General W. H. L. Wallace ; 
 the Third, by Major General Lew Wallace ; the Fourth, by Briga- 
 dier General S. A. Hurlbut ; the Fifth, by Brigadier General W. 
 T. Sherman, and the Sixth, by Brigadier General B. M. Prentiss. 
 Generals McClernand, C. F. Smith and Lew Wallace had been 
 
 *11 War Records, p. 24. 
 
 t 7 War Records, p. 074: 10 War Records, p. 2.">: 11 War Records, p. 
 41. 
 til War Records, pp. 50, ">1 . 
 § 11 War Records, p. 57. 
 
promoted major generals March 21, 1862. Official notice of such 
 promotion was sent to General Grant by General Halleck from 
 St. Louis April 5.* Previous to this notice of promotion the 
 order of rank of the brigadiers was as follows : Sherman, Mc- 
 Clernand, Hurlbut, Prentiss, C. F. Smith, Lew Wallace, W. H. 
 L. Wallace. General Smith, until relieved by General Grant, 
 March 17, was in command by order of General McClellan.f 
 
 The camps of Sherman and Prentiss formed the front line 
 about two and one-half miles from Pittsburg Landing and ex- 
 tended in a semicircle from Owl Creek on the right to Lick Creek 
 on the left. One company from each regiment was advanced as 
 a picket one mile in front of regimental camps. 
 
 By the official returns of April 5, 1862, there were, in the five 
 divisions of the Army of the Tennessee at Pittsburg Landing, 
 present for duty, infantry, artillery and cavalry, officers and men, 
 39,830; in the Third Division, at Crump's Landing, present for 
 duty, officers and men, 7,564. 
 
 On the evening of the 5th the advance of General Buell 's army 
 arrived at Savannah, and in one day more would have united 
 with the Army of the Tennessee, ready for the advance on Cor- 
 inth, as contemplated and announced in General Halleck 's pro- 
 gram. 
 
 "When General Johnston withdrew his army from Kentucky 
 and Tennessee, after the fall of Fort Donelson, he established his 
 new line of operations along the Memphis and Charleston Rail- 
 road with his right at Chattanooga and his left on the Mississippi 
 at Fort Pillow. On this line he was reinforced by Generals Polk 
 and Beauregard from Columbus and West Tennessee, and by 
 General Bragg from Pensacola and Mobile, and had ordered Van 
 Dorn from Little Rock, Ark., to report with his army at Corinth, 
 Miss. As early as March 9 General Ruggles was placed in com- 
 mand at Corinth and was ordered to put his troops in marching 
 order and to commence a line of intrenchments around the town. 
 
 On the 29th of March General Johnston issued a general or- 
 der consolidating the armies of Kentucky and Mississippi and 
 some independent commands into the Army of the Mississippi, 
 of which he assumed the command, naming General G. T. Beaure- 
 
 w ll War Records, p. 94. 
 til War Records, p. 82. 
 
gard as second in command and Major General Braxton Bragg 
 as chief of staff. Subsequently he organized his army into four 
 corps. The First Corps, commanded by Major General Leonidas 
 Polk; the Second Corps, commanded by Major General Braxton 
 Bragg ; the Third Corps, commanded by Major General W. J. 
 Hardee, and the Reserve Corps, commanded by Brigadier Gen- 
 eral J. C. Breckinridge. 
 
 One division of the First Corps, Cheatham's, was at Bethel 
 and Purdy; a brigade of the Second Corps was at Monterey; 
 the Reserve Corps at Burnsville ; the cavalry nearer the Union 
 lines. All other troops concentrated at Corinth.* 
 
 General Johnston had been depressed by the censure of the 
 Southern press, and as late as March 18 offered to relinquish the 
 command of the army to General Beauregard. Reassured by ex- 
 pressions of confidence by Mr. Davis, he resolved to retain com- 
 mand and, if possible, to regain the confidence of the people by 
 taking the offensive and attacking Grant's army at Pittsburg 
 Landing, hoping to defeat that army before it could be rein- 
 forced by General Buell. 
 
 Hearing that General Buell was nearing Savannah, General 
 Johnston determined to attack at once, without waiting the ar- 
 rival of Van Dorn. Accordingly, on the 3d of April he issued 
 orders for the forward movement, directing his army to move by 
 the several roads and concentrate at Mickey's, eight miles from 
 Pittsburg Landing, so as to be ready to attack at sunrise on the 
 morning of the 5th. Heavy rains, bad roads and the delays in- 
 cident to marching large columns with wagon trains and artillery 
 over muddy roads, prevented the assembly of the army at 
 Mickey's until nearly night of the 5th. It was then determined 
 to delay the attack until daylight next morning. 
 
 The aggregate present for duty, officers and men of the Con- 
 federate Army, infantry, artillery and cavalry, assembled at 
 Mukcy's April 5, 1862, as shown by official reports, was 43,968. 
 
 This army General Johnston put in line of battle and bivou- 
 acked Saturday night in the following order: Major General 
 Hardee's corps on the first or advanced line, with Cleburne's bri- 
 gade on the left, its left flank at Widow Howell's, near Winning- 
 ham Creek. Wood's brigade next to the right, with his right on 
 
 See map of Territory between Pittsburg Landing ami < '< 
 
149 — 
 
 Tennessee Monument. 
 
Alabama State Monument. 
 
— 153 — 
 
 the main Pittsburg and Corinth road, and just in rear of the 
 Woods field. Shaver's brigade on right of Pittsburg and Cor- 
 inth road, extending the line nearly to Bark road. As Hardee's 
 line thus deployed did not occupy all the space to Lick Creek, as 
 desired. Gladden 's brigade from "Wither 's division of Second 
 Corps was added to Hardee's right, extending the line across 
 Bark road. 
 
 Major General Bragg 's corps was deployed 800 yards in rear 
 of the first line, with Ruggles' division on the left and Withers * 
 division on the right, in the following order of brigades from left 
 tc right: Pond, Anderson, Gibson, Jackson and Chalmers. This 
 second line overlapped the first and extended beyond Hardee's 
 on both flanks, Jackson's left flank resting on the Bark road. 
 
 The corps of Generals Polk and Breckinridge were formed in 
 column by brigades in rear of the second line. Wharton's and 
 Brewer's cavalry were on the left flank, guarding the roads to- 
 ward Stantonville. Clanton's cavalry was on the right front; 
 Avery's, Forrest's and Adams' cavalry at Greer's Ford on Lick 
 Creek. Other cavalry organizations were attached to the dif- 
 ferent corps. 
 
 General Johnston's headquarters were established at the forks 
 of the Bark and Pittsburg roads. 
 
 Pickets were sent out from the first line. The Third Missis- 
 sippi, commanded by Major Hardcastle, was on such duty in 
 front of Wood's brigade, his reserve post at the corner where 
 Wood's and Fraley's fields join. 
 
The Battle* 
 
 During the Confederate advance from Monterey on the 3d 
 there had been skirmishing between the cavalry of the two ar- 
 mies, and on the 4th one of Buckland's picket posts was captured. 
 Buekland sent out two companies in pursuit of the captors. 
 These companies were attacked and surrounded by Confederate 
 cavalry, but were rescued by Buekland coming to their relief 
 with his whole regiment. On Saturday Generals Prentiss and 
 Sherman each sent out reconnoitering parties to the front. Nei- 
 ther of these parties developed the enemy in force, but reported 
 such evidences of cavalry that pickets of both divisions were 
 doubled, and General Prentiss, being still apprehensive of attack, 
 sent out at 3 o'clock Sunday morning three companies of the 
 Twenty-fifth Missouri, under Major Powell of that regiment, to 
 again reconnoiter well to the front. 
 
 Major Powell marched to the right and front, passing between 
 the Rhea and Seay fields, and at 4:55 a. m. struck Hardcastle's 
 pickets and received their fire. The fire was returned by Powell 
 and a sharp engagement Avas had 1 etween these outposts, con- 
 tinuing, as Hardcastle says, one hour and a half, until 6:30 a. 
 m., when he saw his brigade formed in his rear and fell back to 
 his place in line. 
 
 Wood's brigade, advancing, drove Powell back to the Seay 
 field, where he was reinforced by four companies of the Six- 
 teenth Wisconsin, that had been < n picket near by, and by five 
 companies of the Twenty-first Missouri under Colonel Moore, 
 who at once took command and sent back to camp for the re- 
 mainder of his regiment. 
 
 This force, fighting and retreating slowly, was reinforced at 
 southeast corner of the Rhea field by all of Peabody's brigade. 
 Peabody succeeded in holding the Confederates in check until 
 about 8 o'clock, when he fell back to the line of his camp, closely 
 followed by Shaver's brigade and the right of Wood's brigade. 
 
 While Peabody's brigade was thus engaged, General Prentiss 
 had advanced Miller's brigade to the south side of Spain field, 
 and placed Hickenlooper's battery to the left and Munch 's bat- 
 tery to the rigid of the Eastern Corinth road. In this position 
 
 So,- maps of first mid sec »nd flays 
 
he was attacked by Gladden 's brigade and by the left of Chalm- 
 ers' brigade, that had advanced to the front line. These Con- 
 federate brigades, after a stubborn fight, in which Gladden was 
 mortally wounded, drove Miller back to his line of camps at the 
 same time that Peabody was driven back to his. In their several 
 camps Prentiss formed his regiments again and was vigorously 
 attacked by Gladden 's and Shaver's brigades, assisted on their 
 left by a part of "Wood's brigade and on the right by Chalmers'. 
 
 At 9 o 'clock Prentiss was driven from his second position with 
 the loss of the entire division camp, two guns of Hickenlooper's 
 battery, and many killed and wounded left on the field. Among 
 the killed was Colonel Peabody, the commander of the First 
 Brigade of Prentiss' division. 
 
 While the right of Hardee's line was engaged with Prentiss, 
 his left had attacked the brigades of Hildebrand and Buckland, 
 of Sherman's division. These brigades had formed in line in 
 front of their camps and behind Shiloh Branch, with Barrett's 
 battery at Shiloh Church, and Waterhouse's battery to the left, 
 behind the camp of the Fifty-third Ohio. The Third Brigade of 
 McClernand's division was brought up and formed in support 
 of Sherman's left flank and of Waterhouse's battery. In the 
 Confederate advance the left of Wood's brigade had been slightly 
 engaged with the Fifty-third Ohio, which easily gave way, when 
 Wood obliqued to the right, to avoid Waterhouse's battery, and, 
 following Prentiss, passed the left flank of Hildebrand 's brigade, 
 then left-wheeled to the attack of McClernand's Third Brigade. 
 Cleburne's brigade, in attempting to cross the marshy ground of 
 Shiloh Branch, received the concentrated fire of the Third and 
 Fourth brigades of Sherman's division, and after two or three 
 unsuccessful efforts to dislodge them, in which his regiments lost 
 very heavily— the Sixth Mississippi having over 70 per cent 
 killed and wounded — he was obliged to give place to Anderson's 
 brigade of Bragg 's corps, which was in like manner repulsed 
 with severe loss. Johnson's and Russell's brigades of Polk's 
 corps now came up together. Russell on the right, overlapping 
 Sherman 's left, and Johnson to the left across the Corinth road. 
 The reorganized parts of the brigades of Cleburne and Anderson 
 joining Russell and Johnson, the four brigades, assisted by 
 Wood's brigade, advanced, and at 10 o'clock drove Sherman's 
 two brigades and the Third Brigade of McClernand's division 
 
— 156 — 
 
 back across the Purdy road with the loss of three guns of Water- 
 house's battery and of the camps of the three brigades. During 
 the contest Confederate Generals Clark, commanding a division, 
 and Johnson, commanding a brigade, were severely wounded, and 
 Colonel Raith, commanding McClernand's Third Brigade, was 
 mortally wounded. The capture of the three guns of Water- 
 house's battery is claimed by the Thirteenth Tennessee of Rus- 
 sell's brigade, and General Polk seems to concede the claim, 
 though it appears that several regiments were attacking the bat- 
 tery from the front when the Thirteenth Tennessee moved by the 
 right flank and approaching the battery from its left rear, 
 reached it before those from the front. General Vaughan, of 
 the Thirteenth Tennessee, says that when his regiment reached 
 these guns a dead Union officer lay near them, and keeping guard 
 over his body was a pointer dog that refused to allow the Con- 
 federates to approach the body. 
 
 Pond's brigade of Bragg 's corps had engaged McDowell's bri- 
 gade, in conjunction with Anderson's attack on Buckland, and 
 had succeeded in gaining the bridge at McDowell's right flank, 
 but had not become seriously engaged when Sherman ordered 
 McDowell to retire and form junction with his Third and 
 Fourth brigades, which were then falling back from Shiloh 
 Church. McDowell therefore abandoned his camp to Pond with- 
 out a contest. 
 
 After the capture of Prentiss' camps Chalmers' and Jackson's 
 brigades from Bragg 's corps were ordered to the right to attack 
 the extreme left of the Union line. Preceded by Clanton's cav- 
 alry, these brigades moved by the flank down the Bark road un- 
 til the head of the column was at the swampy grounds of Lick 
 Creek, then forming Line of battle and placing Gage's and Gir- 
 ardey's batteries upon the bluff south of Locust Grove Creek 
 they compelled Stuart, who was without artillery, to leave his 
 camp and form his lines to left and rear in the timber. Here he 
 held Chalmers in a fierce tight until about 2 o'clock, when he 
 fell hack to the landing, abandoning the last of Sherman's 
 camps. Jackson's attack, as he came across the creek, fell upon 
 McArthur's brigade, consisting of the Ninth and Twelfth Illinois, 
 supported on the left by the Fiftieth Illinois and by Willard's 
 battery in the rear, McArthur, in a stubborn contest in which 
 the Ninth Illinois lost 60 per cent of the men engaged, held his 
 
Iowa State Monument. 
 
ground until Jackson was reinforced by Bowen's brigade of 
 Breckinridge's corps, when McArthur fell back. 
 
 When Sherman and Prentiss discovered that they were being 
 attacked by the Confederates in force they asked reinforcements 
 from the divisions in their rear. 
 
 McClernand sent his third brigade to reinforce Sherman's left, 
 and Schwartz's battery to assist Buckland. He then formed his 
 First and Second brigades along the Pittsburg road in front of 
 his headquarters; Marsh's brigade, with Burrow's battery on the 
 right : Hare 's brigade to the left behind the Review field ; Mc- 
 Allister 's battery at the northwest corner of said field, and Dres- 
 ser's battery at "Water Oaks Pond. On this line the Third Bri- 
 gade rallied when it fell back from Sherman's line. 
 
 Veatch's brigade of Hurlbut's division was sent to reinforce 
 McClernand and formed behind Burrows' battery. Hurlbut 
 marched his other brigades to the Peach Orchard and formed 
 line of battle with Williams' brigade facing south and Lauman's 
 brigade facing west. The batteries — Mann's. Ross' and Myers' 
 — all in the field behind the infantry. 
 
 W. If. L. Wallace's First Brigade, commanded by Colonel Tut- 
 tle, moved out on the Eastern Corinth road and formed on the 
 east side of the Duncan field in an old sunken road. McArthur 's 
 brigade was disunited. The Eighty-first Ohio and the Four- 
 teenth Missouri were sent to guard the bridge over Snake Creek; 
 the Thirteenth Missouri to reinforce McDowell's brigade, and Mc- 
 Arthur. in person, with the Ninth and Twelfth Illinois and Wil- 
 lard's battery, went to the support of Stuart and formed on his 
 right rear and at the left of Hurlbut's division, just east of the 
 Peach Orchard. Of Sweeny's brigade, the Seventh and Fifty- 
 eighth Illinois formed on Turtle's right, connecting it with Mc- 
 ( 'lei nand's left. The Fiftieth Illinois was sent to McArthur. 
 The other regiments were held in reserve until about noon, when 
 the Eighth Iowa formed on Tuttle's left to fill a gap between 
 Wallace and Prentiss. The Fifty-seventh Illinois went to the 
 extreme left, and the Fifty-second Illinois reported to McCler- 
 nand at his sixth position just east of Tilghman Creek. Batter- 
 ies D, IT and K, First Missouri Light Artillery, were placed along 
 the ridge in rear of Tuttle. Prentiss rallied his broken division. 
 not over 800 men, on Hurlbut's right, connecting it with Wal- 
 lace's left. 
 11 
 
— 162 — 
 
 In the early morning General Grant, at Savannah, heard the 
 firing and directed General Nelson, of the Army of the Ohio, to 
 march his division along the east hank of the Tennessee to the 
 point opposite Pittsburg Landing. Then, leaving a recpiest for 
 General Buell to hurry his troops forward as rapidly as possible, 
 he hastened by boat to join his army. Arriving upon the field at 
 about the time that Prentiss was driven from his camp, he imme- 
 diately dispatched orders to General Lew Wallace to bring his 
 division to the battlefield. There has ever since been a dispute 
 as to the terms of this order and the time of its delivery. It is 
 admitted that General Wallace received an order, and that he 
 started his command at about 12 o'clock by road leading into the 
 Hamburg and Purdy road, west of the bridge over Owl Creek on 
 the right of Sherman's camps. This bridge was abandoned by 
 McDowell and held by the Confederates at 10 o'clock. An aide 
 from General Grant overtook Wallace on this road about 3 o 'clock 
 and turned him back to the Savannah and Hamburg, or river 
 road by which he reached the battlefield about 7 o'clock p. m. 
 
 In the movements of the Confederate troops in the morning 
 Gibson's brigade of Bragg 's corps had followed Shaver's brigade 
 and had halted just inside the line of camps. This had separated 
 Gibson from Anderson by the length of a brigade ; into this 
 space Bragg directed Stephens' brigade, of Polk's corps, and it 
 entered the line of camps in rear of Wood's brigade. Stewart's 
 brigade, also of Polk's corps, was sent to the right, and entered 
 the line of camps in rear of Gladden 's brigade. 
 
 When Prentiss was driven back, General Johnston ordered his 
 reserve into action by sending Trabue forward on the Pittsburg 
 Landing road to Shiloh Church, while Bowen and Statham were 
 moved down the Bark road and formed line of battle south of the 
 Peach Orchard to the left rear of Jackson and completing the line 
 to where Gladden 's brigade, now commanded by Adams, was rest- 
 ing near Prentiss' headquarters camp. 
 
 Following the capture of the guns of Waterhouse's battery and 
 the retreat of Sherman and Raith to the Purdy Road, Wood's 
 and Shaver's brigades, with Swett's battery, were ordered to 
 left wheel. Stewart's brigade was sent by left flank along the 
 rear of Peabody's camp to Wood's left, where three of the regi- 
 ments took their places in line, while the Fourth Tennessee, sup- 
 
— 163 — 
 
 ported by the Twelfth Tennessee, from Russell's brigade, went 
 into line between Wood's and Shaver's brigades. Stanford's 
 battery took position in the camp of the Fourth Illinois Cavalry. 
 Joining this force on its left were the somewhat disorganized 
 brigades of Cleburne, Anderson, Johnson and Russell. General 
 Polk was personally directing their movements, and led them f or- 
 ward. without waiting for perfect organization, in pursuit of 
 Sherman's retreating brigades. This combined force of seven 
 brigades moved to the attack of McClernand and Sherman in 
 their second position along the Pittsburg and Purdy road. The 
 right of this attacking force, extending beyond McClernand 's 
 left, became engaged with W. H. L. "Wallace's troops near Dun- 
 can House, while Stephens' brigade of Polk's Corps engaged 
 the left of Tuttle's brigade and Prentiss' division in the Hornets' 
 Nest. At the same time Gladden 's brigade attacked Lauman 
 on west side of the Peach Orchard. In these attacks Generals 
 Hindman and Wood were disabled and the Confederates in front 
 of Wallace, Prentiss and Lauman were repulsed. 
 
 The attack upon McClernand and Sherman was successful, and 
 drove these commands back to the center of Marsh's brigade 
 camp, where they made a short stand at what McClernand calls 
 his third line, and then retired to the field at the right of that 
 camp, to the fourth line. The Third and Fourth Brigades of 
 Sherman's division retired from that part of the field, and his 
 First Brigade, McDowell's, took position on McClernand 's right. 
 
 In the repulse of McClernand from his second and third line 
 he had lost Burrows ' entire battery of six guns, which was taken 
 by Wood's brigade; also one gun of McAllister's battery, taken 
 by the Fourth Tennessee, and two guns of Schwartz's battery 
 and four guns of Dresser's battery. Part of these, perhaps all, 
 are claimed by the One Hundred and Fifty-fourth Tennessee. 
 
 Rallying in camp of Hare's brigade, McClernand, with McDow- 
 ell's brigade on his right, checked the Confederate advance, and 
 then, by a united countercharge, at 12 o'clock, recovered his Sec- 
 ond Brigade camp and his own headquarters, and captured Cobb 's 
 Kentucky battery. McClernand gives the Eleventh Iowa and 
 the Eleventh and Twentieth Illinois the credit for the capture of 
 this battery. In the forward movement the Sixth Iowa and the 
 Forty-sixth Ohio, of McDowell's brigade, and Thirteenth Mis- 
 
souri, of Me Arthur's brigade, became engaged with Trabue's 
 Confederate brigade in a fierce battle, of which Trabue says : 
 
 The combat here was a severe one. I fought the enemy an hour and 
 a quarter, killing and wounding 400 or oOO of the Forty-sixth Ohio In- 
 fantry, as well as of another Ohio regiment, a Missouri regiment, and 
 some Iowa troops. * * * I lost here many men and several officers. 
 
 The number of killed, wounded and missing of the Forty-sixth 
 Ohio at the battle of Shiloh, both days, was 246. But of the 
 three regiments opposed to Trabue there were 510 killed, 
 wounded and missing; most of them were doubtless lost in this 
 conflict. So that Trabue may not have seriously erred in his 
 statement. 
 
 At the time that McClernand fell back from his second posi- 
 tion General Stewart took command of AVood's and Shaver's 
 brigades and with the Fourth Tennessee of bis own brigade 
 moved to the right and renewed the attack upon Tuttle and 
 Prentiss. Meeting a eevere repulse, lie withdrew at 12 o'clock, 
 with the Fourth Tennessee, to the assistance of the force in 
 front of McClernand. At the same time Shaver's and Wood's 
 brigades retired for rest and ammunition, and Stephens' brigade 
 moved to the right and joined Breckinridge south of the Peach 
 Orchard. 
 
 General Bragg then brought up Gibson's brigade, which bad 
 been resting near Peabody's camp, and sent it in four separate 
 charges against the position held by Prentiss and Tuttle. Gib- 
 son's brigade was shattered in their useless charges, and retired 
 from the field. While Bragg was directing these several move- 
 ments. Generals Polk and Hardee had renewed the attack upon 
 McClernand and in a contest lasting two hours had driven him 
 back once more to the camp of his First Brigade, where be main- 
 tained his position until 2.30 p. m.. when be fell back across the 
 valley of Tilghman Creek to bis sixth line, abandoning the last 
 of his camps. 
 
 About 12 o'clock General Johnston, having gotten bis reserve 
 in position south of the Peach Orchard, assumed personal com- 
 mand of the rigb.1 wing of his army, and directed a combined 
 forward movement, intending to break the Union left where 
 Chalmers and Jackson bad been engaged since aboul 10 o'clock 
 in an unsuccessful tight with Stuart and McArthur. Bowen's 
 brigade was sent to support Jackson, and was closely followed. 
 
165 
 
en echelon to the left, by Statham's, Stephens' and Gladden 's 
 brigades in an attack upon Hurlbnt in the Peach Orchard. 
 Stuart, hard pressed by Chalmers and threatened on the flank 
 by Clanton's cavalry, was. as we have seen, the first to yield, 
 and falling back, left McArthur's flank exposed, compelling him 
 and Hurlbnt to fall back to the north side of the Peach Orchard. 
 As Hurlbnt 's First Brigade fell back. Lauman's brigade on its 
 right was transferred to the left of the division in support of 
 McArthur. Hurlbnt \s division as then formed stood at a right 
 angle with the line of Prentiss and Wallace. 
 
 At 2:30 p. m.. while personally directing the movements of 
 his reserve, General Johnston was struck by a minie ball and 
 almost instantly killed. The death of the Confederate com- 
 mander-in chief caused a relaxation of effort on that flank until 
 General Bragg, hearing of Johnston's death, turned over the 
 command at the center to General Ruggles, and repairing to the 
 right, assumed command, and again ordered a forward move- 
 ment. 
 
 General Ruggles, having noted the ineffectual efforts of Bragg 
 to break the Union center, determined to concentrate artillery 
 upon that point. He therefore assembled ten batteries and a 
 section — sixty-two guns — and placed them in position along the 
 west side of the Duncan field and southeast of the RevieAV field. 
 In support of these 1 latteries he brought up portions of the 
 brigades of Gibson, Sbaver, AVood, Anderson and Stewart, with 
 the Thirty-eighth Tennessee and Crescent regiment of Pond's 
 brigade, and once more attacked the position so stubbornly held 
 by Wallace and Prentiss. The concentrated fire of these sixty- 
 two guns drove away the Union batteries, but was not able to 
 rout the infantry from its sheltered position in the old road. 
 
 AVilliam Preston Johnston, in "The Life of General Albert 
 
 Sidney Johnston, gives this graphic description of the fighting 
 
 at tbis point : 
 
 This portion of the Federal line was occupied by Wallace's division 
 and by the remnants of Prentiss' division. Here behind a dense thicket 
 in; the crest of a hill was posted a strong force of as hardy troops as 
 ever fought, almost perfectly protected by the conformation of the 
 ground. To assail it an open field had to be passed, enfiladed by the 
 fire of its batteries. It was nicknamed by the Confederates by that 
 very mild metaphor. "The Hornets' Nest." Xo figure of speech would 
 be too strong to express the deadly peril of an assault upon this natural 
 fortress, whose inaccessible barriers blazed for six hours with sheets 
 of flame and whose infernal gates poured forth a murderous storm of 
 
— 168 — 
 
 shot and shell and musketry fire which no living thing could quell or 
 even withstand. Brigade after brigade was led against it, but valor 
 was of no avail. Ilindman's brilliant brigades which had swept every- 
 thing before them from the field were shivered into fragments and par- 
 alyzed for the remainder of the day. Stewart's regiments made fruit- 
 less assaults, but only to retire mangled from the field. Bragg now 
 ordered up Gibson's splendid brigade; it made a charge, but. like the 
 others, recoiled and fell back. Bragg sent orders to charge again. * 
 * * Four times the position was charged. Four times the assault 
 proved unavailing, the brigade was repulsed. About half past three 
 o'clock the struggle which had been going on for five hours with fitful 
 violence was renewed with the utmost fury. Polk's and Bragg's corps, 
 intermingled, were engaged in a death grapple with the sturdy com- 
 mands of Wallace and Prentiss. * * * General Ruggles judiciously 
 collected all the artillery he could find, some eleven batteries, which lie 
 massed against the position. The opening of so heavy a fire and the 
 simultaneous advance of the whole Confederate line resulted first in 
 confusion and then in defeat of Wallace and the surrender of Prentiss 
 at about half past 5 o'clock. Each Confederate commander of division, 
 brigade, and regiment, as his command pounced upon the prey, be- 
 lieved it entitled to the credit of the capture, Breckinridge, Ruggles, 
 Withers, Cheatham, and other divisions which helped to subdue these 
 stubborn fighters each imagined his own the hardest part of the work. 
 
 Generals Polk and Hardee, with the commingled commands of 
 the Confederate left, had followed McClernand in his retreat 
 across Tilghman Creek, and about 4 o'clock Hardee sent Pond 
 with three of his regiments and Wharton's cavalry to attack the 
 Union position upon the east side of this creek. In this attack 
 the Confederates were repulsed with heavy loss, the Eighteenth 
 Louisiana alone losing 42 per cent of those engaged. Pond re- 
 tired to the west side of the creek and took no further part in 
 the action of Sunday. Trabue and Russell, with some other de- 
 tachments, renewed the attack, and at 4:30 p. m. succeeded in 
 driving McClernand and Veatch back to the Hamburg road, 
 then wheeled to the right against the exposed flank of W. H. L. 
 Wallace's division. At the same time Bragg had forced back 
 the Union left until McArthur and Hurlbut, seeing that they 
 were in danger of being cut off from the Landing, withdrew 
 their forces, letting the whole of Bragg's forces upon the rear 
 of Prentiss and Wallace, while Polk and Hardee were attacking 
 them on their right flank and Ruggles was pounding them from 
 the front. Wallace attempted to withdraw by the right flank, 
 but in passing the lines, closing behind him, he was mortally 
 wounded. Colonel Tuttle with two of his regiments succeeded 
 in passing the lines, while four of Wallace's regiments with the 
 part of Prentiss' division were completely surrounded, and, 
 
— 169 — 
 
 after an ineffectual effort to force their way back to the Land- 
 ing, were compelled to surrender at 5 :30 p. m. The number of 
 prisoners captured here and in previous engagements was 2,254 
 men and officers, about an equal number from each division. 
 General Prentiss and the mortally wounded General Wallace 
 were both taken prisoners, but General "Wallace was left on the 
 field and was recovered by his friends next day, and died at 
 Savannah, Tenn., four clays later. 
 
 During the afternoon Colonel Webster, chief of artillery, on 
 General Grant's staff, had placed Madison's battery of siege 
 guns in position about a quarter of a mile out from the Land- 
 ing, and then, as the other batteries came back from the front, 
 placed them in position to the right and left of the siege guns. 
 Hurlbut's division as it came back was formed on the right of 
 these guns; Stuart's brigade on the left; parts of Wallace's divi- 
 sion and detached regiments formed in the rear and to the right 
 of Hurlbut, connecting with McClernand's left. McClernand 
 extended the line to the Hamburg and Savannah road and along 
 that road to near McArthur's headquarters, where Buckland's 
 brigade of Sherman's division, with three regiments of McAr- 
 thur's brigade, were holding the right which covered the bridge 
 by which General Lew. Wallace was to arrive on the field. 
 
 About 5 o'clock Ammen's brigade of Nelson's division of the 
 Army of the Ohio reached the field, the Thirty-sixth Indiana 
 taking position near the left in support of Stone's battery. Two 
 gunboats, the Tyler and Lexington, were at the mouth of Dill 
 Branch, just above the Landing. 
 
 After the capture of Prentiss an attempt was made to reor- 
 ganize the Confederate forces for an attack upon the Union line 
 in position near the Landing. Generals Chalmers and Jackson 
 and Colonel Trabue moved their commands to the right down 
 the ridge south of Dill Branch until they came under fire of the 
 Union batteries and gunboats, which silenced Gage's battery, 
 the only one with the command. Trabue sheltered his command 
 on the south side of the ridge, while Chalmers and Jackson 
 moved into the valley of Dill Branch and pressed skirmishers 
 forward to the brow of the hill on the north side of the valley, 
 but their exhausted men, many of them without ammunition, 
 could not be urged to a charge upon the batteries before them. 
 
Colone] Deas, commanding a remnant of Gladden 's brigade. 
 tunned with 2'24 men in the ravine on Jackson's left, and An- 
 derson formed at the head of the ravine, where he remained ten 
 or fifteen minutes, then he retired beyond range of the floating 
 guns. Colonel Lindsay, First Mississippi cavalry, charged upon 
 and captured Ross' battery, as it was withdrawing from posi- 
 tion near Hurlbut's headquarters, and then with 30 or 40 men 
 crossed the head of Dill Branch and attempted to charge an- 
 other battery, but finding himself in the presence of an infantry 
 force "managed to get hack under the hill without damage." 
 This cavalry and the skirmishers from Chalmers' and Jackson's 
 brigades were the only Confederate troops that came under mus- 
 ketry fire after the Prentiss and Wallace surrender. 
 
 In the meantime General Bragg made an effort to get troops 
 into position on the left of Pittsburg road, but before arrange- 
 ments were completed night came on and General Beauregard 
 ordered all the troops withdrawn. The Confederate troops 
 sought bivouacs on the field, some occupying captured Pin on 
 camps and some returning to their bivouac of Saturday night. 
 General Beauregard remained near Shiloh Church. General 
 Polk retired to his Saturday night camp. General Bragg was 
 with Beauregard near the church, occupying General Sherman's 
 headquarters cam]). General Hardee and General Withers en- 
 camped with Colonel Martin in Peabody's camp. Trabue occu- 
 pied camps of the Sixth Iowa and Forty-sixth Ohio. Pond's 
 brigade alone of the infantry troops remained in line of battle 
 confronting the Union line. 
 
 The Union troops bivouacked on their line of battle, extend- 
 ing from Pittsburg Landing to Snake Creek bridge, where the 
 Third Division arrived after dark, occupying the line from Mc- 
 Arthur's headquarters to the lowlands of the creek. Thirteen 
 hours the battle had raged over all parts of the field without 
 a moment's cessation. The Union Army had been steadily 
 forced hack on both flanks. The camps of all but the Second 
 Division had been captured, and position after position surren- 
 dered after the mosl persistent fighting and with great loss of 
 life on both sides. Many regiments, and brigades even, of both 
 armies had been shattered and had losl their organization. De- 
 tachments of soldiers and parts of companies and regiments 
 
were scattered over the field, some doubtless seeking in vain for 
 their commands; many caring for dead and wounded comrades; 
 others exhausted with the long conflict and content to seek rest 
 and refreshment at any place that promised relief from the ter- 
 rors of the battle. The fierceness of the fighting on Sunday is 
 shown by the losses sustained by some of the organizations en- 
 gaged. The Ninth Illinois lost 366 out of 617. The Sixth Mis- 
 sissippi Lost 300 out of 42.">. Cleburne's brigade lost 1,013 out 
 of 2.7HO. and the brigade was otherwise depleted until he had 
 but 800 men in line Sunday night. He continued in the fight 
 on Monday until he had only 58 men in line, and these he sent 
 to the rear for ammunition. 
 
 Gladden 's brigade was reduced to 224. The Fifty-fifth Illi- 
 nois lost 275 out of 657. The Twenty-eighth Illinois 245 out of 
 642. The Sixth Iowa had 52 killed outright. The Third Iowa 
 lost 33 pei' cent, of those engaged. The Twelfth Iowa lost in 
 killed, wounded and prisoners 98 per cent, of the present for 
 duty. Only 10 returned to camp, and they were stretcher 
 bearers. These are hut samples: many other regiments lost in 
 about the same proportion. The loss of officers was especially 
 heavy; out of 5 Union division commanders 1 was killed, 1 
 wounded, and 1 captured; out of 15 brigade commanders 9 
 were en the list of casualties, and out of 61 infantry regimental 
 commanders on the field 33 were killed, wounded, or missing, 
 making a loss on Sunday of 45 out of 81 commanders of divi- 
 sions, brigades, and regiments. The Confederate Army lost its 
 commander in chief, killed; 2 corps commanders wounded; 3 
 out of 5 of its division commanders wounded; 4 of its brigade 
 commanders killed or wounded, and 20 out of 78 of its regi- 
 mental commanders killed or wounded. With such losses, the 
 constant shifting of positions, and the length of time engaged, 
 it is not a matter to cause surprise that the Confederate Army 
 was reduced, as General Beauregard claims, to less than 20,000 
 men in line, and that these were so exhausted that they sought 
 their bivouacs with little regard to battle lines, and that both 
 armies lay down in the rain to sleep as best they could, with 
 very little thought, by either, of any danger of attack during 
 the night. 
 
 We find at Shiloh that with three exceptions no breastworks 
 were prepared by either side on Sunday night. Of these excep- 
 
lions a Union battery near the Landing was protected by a few 
 sacks of corn piled up in front of the guns; some Confederate 
 regiment arranged the fallen timber in front of Marsh's brigade 
 camp into a sort of defensive work that served a good purpose 
 the next day; and Lieutenant Nispel, Company E, Second Illi- 
 nois Light Artillery, dug a trench in front of his guns, making 
 a slight earthwork, which may yet be seen, just at the right of 
 the position occupied by the siege guns. He alone of all the 
 officers on the field thought to use the spade, which was so soon 
 to become an important weapon of war. 
 
 During Sunday night the remainder of General Nelson's divi- 
 sion and General Crittenden's division of the army of the Ohio 
 arrived upon the field, and early Monday morning the Union 
 forces were put in motion to renew the battle. General Critten- 
 den's right rested on the Corinth road, General Nelson, to his 
 left, extending the line across Hamburg road. About 1,000 
 men* from the Army of the Tennessee, extended the line to the 
 overflowed land of the Tennessee. Two brigades of General Mc- 
 Cook's arriving on the field about 8 o'clock formed on Critten- 
 den's right, Rousseau's brigade in front line and Kirk's in 
 reserve. At McCook's right was Hurlbut, then McClernand, 
 then Sherman, then Lew. Wallace, whose right rested on the 
 SAvamps of Owl Creek. The Army of the Ohio formed with one 
 regiment of each brigade in reserve, and with Boyle's brigade 
 of Crittenden's division as reserve for the whole. The remnant 
 of W. H. L. Wallace's division, under command of Colonel Tut- 
 tle, was also in reserve behind General Crittenden. 
 
 The early and determined advance of the Union Army soon 
 convinced General Beauregard that fresh troops had arrived. 
 He, however, made his disposition as rapidly as possible to meet 
 the advance by sending General Hardee to his right, General 
 Bragg to his left, General Polk to left center, and General 
 Breckinridge to right center with orders to each to put the 
 Confederate troops into line of battle without regard to their 
 original organizations. These officers hurried their staff officers 
 to all parts of the field and soon formed a line. Hardee had 
 Chalmers on the right in Stuart's camps; next to him was Col- 
 
 *10 W. R., 295 and 338 (Colonel Grose says 15th Illinois, but must 
 be in error) . 
 
Illinois Cavalry Monument. 
 
onel "Wheeler in command of Jackson 's old brigade ; then Colonel 
 Preston Smith with remnants of B. R. Johnson's brigade; Col- 
 onel Maney with Stephens' brigade. Then came Stewart, Cle- 
 burne, Statham, and Martin under Breckinridge. Trabue, across 
 the main Corinth road, just west of Duncan's, with Anderson 
 and Gibson to his left under Polk. Then Wood, Russell, and 
 Pond, under Bragg, finishing the line to Owl Creek. Very few 
 brigades were intact, the different regiments were hurried into 
 line from their bivouacs and placed under the command of the 
 nearest brigade officer, and were then detached and sent from 
 one part of the field to another as they were needed to reinforce 
 threatened points, until it is impossible to follow movements or 
 determine just where each regiment was engaged. 
 
 Monday's battle opened by the advance of General Lew. Wal- 
 lace's division on the Union right, attacking Pond's brigade in 
 Hare's brigade camp, and was continued on that flank by a left 
 wheel of Wallace, extending his right until he had gained the 
 Confederate left flank. Nelson's division commenced his ad- 
 vance at daylight and soon developed the Confederate line 0/ 
 battle behind the peach orchard. He then waited for Critten- 
 den and McCook to get into position, and then commenced the 
 attack upon Hardee, in which he was soon joined by all the 
 troops on the field. The fighting seems to have been most stub- 
 born in the center, where Hazen, Crittenden, and McCook were 
 contending with the forces under Polk and Breckinridge upon 
 the same ground where W. H. L. Wallace and Prentiss fought 
 on Sunday. 
 
 The 20,000 fresh troops in the Union Army made the contest 
 an unequal one, and though stubbornly contested for a time, at 
 about 2 o'clock General Beauregard ordered the withdrawal of 
 bis army. To secure the withdrawal he placed Colonel Looney, 
 of the Thirty-eighth Tennessee, with his regiment, augmented 
 by detachments from other regiments, at Shiloh Church, directed 
 him to charge the Union center. In this charge Colonel Looney 
 passed Sherman's headquarters and pressed the Union line back 
 to the Purdy road; at the same time General Beauregard sent 
 batteries across Shiloh Branch and placed them in battery on 
 the high ground beyond. With these arrangements, Beauregard, 
 at 4 o'clock, safely crossed Shiloh Branch with his army and 
 placed his rear guard under Breckinridge in line upon the 
 
ground occupied by his army on Saturday night. The Confed- 
 erate Army retired leisurely to Corinth, while the Union Army 
 returned to the camps that it had occupied before the battle. 
 
 General Beauregard, in his Century "war-book" article, page 
 64, in speaking of "The second day's fighting at Shiloh," says: 
 
 Our widely scattered forces, which it had been impossible to organize 
 in the night after the late hour at which they were drawn out of action, 
 were gathered in hand for the exigency as quickly as possible. 
 
 Generals Bragg, Hardee, and Breckinridge hurried to their assigned 
 positions — Hardee now to the extreme right, where were Chalmers' and 
 Jackson's brigade of Bragg's corps; General Bragg to the left, where 
 were assembled fragments of his own troops, as also of Clark's divi- 
 sion, Polk's corps, with Trabue's brigade; Breckinridge was on the 
 left of Hardee. This left a space to be occupied by General Polk, who, 
 during the night, had , gone with Cheatham's division back nearly to 
 Hardee's postion on the night of April 5. But just at the critical time, 
 to my great pleasure, General Polk came upon the held with that es- 
 sential division. 
 
 By 7 o'clock the night before all of Nelson's division had been thrown 
 across the Tennessee, and during the night had been put in position 
 between Grant's discouraged forces and our own. * * * After ex- 
 changing some shots with Forest's cavalry, Nelson's division was con- 
 fronted with a composite force embracing Chalmers' brigade, Moore's 
 Texas regiment, with other parts of Withers' division; also the Cres- 
 cent regiment of New Orleans and the Twenty-sixth Alabama, sup- 
 ported by well posted batteries, and so stoutly was Nelson received 
 that his division had to recede somewhat. Advancing again, however, 
 about 8 o'clock, now reinforced by Hazen's brigade, it was our turn to 
 retire with the loss of a battery. But rallying and taking the offensive, 
 somewhat reinforced, the Confederates were able to recover their lost 
 ground and guns, inflicting a sharp loss on Hazen's brigade, that nar- 
 rowly escaped capture. Ammen's brigade was also seriously pressed 
 and must have been turned but fur the opportune arrival of Terrill's 
 regular battery of McCook's division. 
 
 In the meantime Crittenden's division became involved in the battle, 
 but was successfully kept at bay tor several hours by the forces under 
 Hardee and Breckinridge, until it was reinforced by two brigades of 
 McCook's division, which had been added to the attacking force on the 
 field after the battle had been joined. * * * 
 
 By 1 o'clock General Bragg's forces on our left, necessarily weakened 
 by the withdrawal of a part of Ids troops to reinforce our right and 
 center, had become so seriously pressed that he had called for aid. Some 
 remnants of Louisiana, Alabama, and Tennessee regiments were gath- 
 ered up and sent to support him as best they might, and I went wilh 
 them personally. General Bragg, now taking the offensive, pressed 
 his adversary back. This was about two o'clock. My headquarters 
 were still at Shiloh < ihurch. 
 
 The odds of fresh troops alone were now too great to justify the pro- 
 longation of the conflict. So, directing Adjutant-General Jordan to 
 select at once a proper position in our near rear, and there establish a 
 covering force including artillery. I dispatched my staff with orders to 
 the several corps commanders to prepare to retire from the field, first 
 making a show, however, at different points of resuming the offensive. 
 
These orders were executed, I may say, with no small skill, and the 
 Confederate army began to retire at 2:30 p. m. without apparently the 
 least perception on the part of the enemy that such a movement was 
 going on j 
 
 The losses of the two days' battle are summed up as follows: 
 
 
 Killed 
 
 Woun'd 
 
 Missing 
 
 Total 
 
 
 1 , 472 
 41 
 
 6,350 
 251 
 
 2 , 826 
 4 
 
 10 648 
 
 General Lew Wallace's division 
 
 296 
 
 Total, Army of the Tennessee 
 
 1,513 
 241 
 
 6,601 
 1,807 
 
 2,830 
 
 10,944 
 2,103 
 
 
 Grand total, Union Army 
 
 1,754 
 1,728 
 
 8,408 
 8,012 
 
 2,885 
 959 
 
 13,047 
 10 699 
 
 
 
 Total loss at Shiloh 
 
 3,482 
 
 16,420 
 
 3,844 
 
 23,746 
 
 
 This gives a Confederate loss of 24 1-3 per cent, of those pres- 
 ent for duty, and a loss in the five divisions of Grant's army 
 present for duty Sunday of 26% per cent. 
 
 It is impossible to give losses of each day separately, except 
 as to general officers and regimental commanders. These are 
 reported by name, and it is found that casualties among the 
 officers of these grades are as follows : 
 
 In the five divisions of Grant's army, loss on Sunday 45 
 
 In the same divisions, loss on Monday 2 
 
 In Lew Wallace's division, loss on Monday 
 
 In the Army of the Ohio , loss on Monday 3 
 
 Total loss general officers and regimental commanders, Sun- 
 day and Monday 50 
 
 In Confederate Army, casualties to officers of like grade, on Sun- 
 day were 30 
 
 In Confederate Army, Monday 14 
 
 Total loss of general officers and regimental commanders. 
 Confederate Army 44 
 
 12 
 
No genera] pursuit of the Confederates was made. The or- 
 ders of General Halleck forbade pursuit,* so the Confederates 
 were allowed to retire to Corinth while the Union Array occu- 
 pied itself in burying the dead and caring for the wounded until 
 General Halleck arrived, and assuming command, inaugurated 
 the "advance upon Corinth," in which the most conspicuous 
 and leading part was played by the spade. 
 
 In answer to an inquiry made by the Secretary of War, Gen- 
 eral Halleck said :f 
 
 The newspaper accounts that our divisions were surprised are utterly- 
 false. Every division had notice of the enemy's approach hours before 
 the battle commenced. 
 
 Later, in transmitting a map to the Secretary, he said:f 
 
 The impression, which at one time seemed to have been received by 
 the Department, that our forces were surprised in the morning of the 
 6th, is entirely erroneous. I am satisfied from a patient and careful 
 inquiry and investigation that all our troops were notified of the ene- 
 my's approach some time before the battle commenced. 
 
 Detailed Movements of Organizations. 
 The Army of the Tennessee. 
 
 On the 6th day of April, 1862, the Army of the Tennessee 
 was encamped on the west bank of the Tennessee River; the 
 First, Second, Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Divisions at Pittsburg 
 Landing, with 39,830 officers and men present for duty; the 
 Third Division at Crump's Landing, with 7,564 officers and men 
 present for duty. 
 
 General Grant's headquarters was at Savannah, Tenn., where 
 be was awaiting the arrival of General Buell. "While at break- 
 last early Sunday morning, April 6. General Grant heard heavy 
 firing at Pittsburg Landing, and leaving orders for General Nel- 
 son to move his division up the east bank of the river to 
 Pittsburg Landing, General Grant and staff repaired to the bat- 
 tlefield, where he arrived at about 8 a. m. Pie visited each of 
 his divisions at the front, and finding that the attack was by a 
 large force of the enemy, he sent an order for his Third Division 
 to hasten to the field and a request to General Buell for rein- 
 forcements. The Army of the Tennessee was gradually driven 
 
 *11 War Records, pp. 97, 104.1 
 1 10 War Records, p. 99. 
 
back until at sunset it occupied a position extending from 
 the Landing to Snake Creek bridge. In this position it repulsed 
 an attack made by the Confederates at 6 o'clock p. m. 
 
 General Grant passed the night in bivouac with his troops, 
 without shelter, and early next morning, reinforced by his Third 
 Division and by General Buell with three divisions of the Army 
 of the Ohio, he renewed the battle, and at -1 p. m. had regained 
 possession of the entire field. 
 
 First Division. 
 (McClernand's.) 
 
 This division, composed of three brigades of infantry, four 
 batteries of artillery, one battalion and two companies of cav- 
 alry, was ordered from Savannah to Pittsburg Landing March 
 2(>, 1862, and vent into camp across the main Corinth road 
 about one-half mile east of Shiloh Church. On Sunday morn- 
 ing, April 6, 1862, the division formed for battle with its Third 
 Brigade thrown forward to support Sherman's left; its First 
 and Second Brigades along the Corinth road; McAllister's bat- 
 tery at the northwest corner of the Review field; Burrows' 
 battery at center of Second Brigade; Dresser's battery at Water 
 Oaks Pond; Schwartz's battery, first to Sherman's right, then 
 al the crossroads. The division was attacked at about 9 a. m. 
 and was driven from its position along the Corinth road at 
 about 11 a. m. with the loss of Burrows' battery, one gun of 
 McAllister's battery, and one gun of Schwartz's battery. It 
 made its next stand at right angles to the center of its Second 
 Brigade cam]), where Dresser's battery lost four guns. The 
 division then retired to its fourth line, in the camp of its First 
 Hi igade, where it rallied and in a countercharge drove the Con- 
 federates back and recovered the whole of the camp of the Sec- 
 ond Brigade and McClernand's headquarters, and captured 
 Cobb's Kentucky battery at 12 m. It held this advance but a 
 short time, when it was driven slowly back until at 2 p. m. it 
 was again in the field of its First Brigade camp, where it held 
 its fifth line until 2:30 p. m. It then retired across Tilghman 
 Creek to its si-ih line at 'Cavalry Field," where at 1:30 p. m. 
 it repulsed a charge made by Pond's brigade and "Wharton's 
 
cavalry, and then retired to the Hamburg and Savannah road r 
 where, with its left thrown back, it bivouacked Sunday night. 
 
 It advanced Monday morning over the same ground where it 
 fought on Sunday, and at 1 p. m. reoccupied its camps on the 
 field. 
 
 First Bri 
 
 (Hare's.) 
 
 This brigade of four regiments, forming the right of the First 
 Division, was encamped in Jones field. It moved from its camp 
 at about 8 a. m., April 6, 1862, by the left flank and formed in 
 line of battle on the ridge between the Review field and the 
 Corinth road, its left in edge of Duncan field, in the following 
 order, from left to right: Eighth Illinois, Eighteenth Illinois, 
 Thirteenth Iowa. The Eleventh Iowa, detached from the bri- 
 gade, formed still farther to the right, supporting Dresser's 
 battery at the Water Oaks Pond. 
 
 In this position the three left regiments were attacked about 
 10 a. m. by Shaver's brigade of Hardee's corps, and at 11 a. m. 
 were driven back across the Corinth road, the left behind the 
 north side of Duncan field. This position was held until Mc- 
 Clernard advanced and recovered his camp at noon. These 
 regiments then retired with the division, the Thirteenth Iowa 
 participating in the repulse of "Wharton's cavalry on sixth line 
 at 4:30. Here Colonel Hare was wounded, and Colonel M. M. 
 Crocker, Thirteenth Iowa, took command of the brigade and 
 conducted the three regiments to bivouac near the Fourteenth 
 Iowa camp. The Eleventh Iowa, in support of Dresser's bat- 
 tery, fell back to the third and fourth lines with its division, 
 and in the rally and recovery of camps it captured a standard 
 from the enemy, and in conjunction with the Eleventh and 
 Twentieth Illinois captured Cobb's battery. The regiment then 
 fell back and at night was still supporting the two remaining 
 guns of Dresser's battery, in position at the left of the siege 
 guns. 
 
 On Monday this brigade was attached to Tuttle's command, 
 which served as reserve for General Crittenden's division, Army 
 of the Ohio, until about 3 p. m., when it was ordered to the 
 front and charged the enemy southwest of Review field, the 
 Eighth and Eighteenth Illinois each capturing one gun from the 
 enemy. 
 
183 
 
 Second Brigade. 
 (Marsh's.) 
 
 This brigade of four regiments was encamped, with its left in 
 Woolf field, in the following order of regiments, from left to 
 right : Forty-fifth Illinois, Forty-eighth Illinois, Twentieth Illi- 
 nois. Eleventh Illinois. It formed line of battle on its parade 
 ground Sunday morning, April 6th, 1862, and at about 8 a. m. 
 moved out, first to the front, but immediately afterwards to the 
 left, and formed along the Corinth road, its left at the north- 
 west corner of the Review field, its right near the crossroads. 
 Burrows' battery at the center. 
 
 In this position the brigade was fiercely attacked by Wood's 
 brigade of Hardee's corps and Stewart's brigade of Polk's corps. 
 11 withstood the attack from about 10 a. m. to 11 a. m., when it 
 fell back about 700 yards and reformed at right angles to the 
 center of its camp. It held this position for a short time and 
 then fell back to Jones field, where it rallied and in conjunction 
 with other troops recaptured its camp at about noon. In this 
 advance the Twentieth and Eleventh Illinois, assisted by the 
 Eleventh Iowa, captured Cobb's Confederate battery. Tbe bri- 
 gade retained possession of parts of its camp for about two 
 bours, retiring slowly to Jones field, where it was engaged until 
 2 :30 p. m., when it fell back to Hamburg and Savannah road, 
 where its three left regiments united with tbe Third Brigade 
 and bivouacked Sunday night, just south of Me Arthur's head- 
 quarters. The Eleventh Illinois, reduced to a captain and 80 
 men, bivouacked near the siege guns, and was in reserve on 
 Monday. The Twentieth, Forty-fifth, and Forty-eighth formed 
 a part of Marsh's command on Monday and advanced nearly 
 west, recovering their camps at about 3 p. m. 
 
 Third Brigade. 
 
 (Rai th's.) 
 
 This brigade of four regiments was camped along the Ham- 
 burg and Purdy road, its right near the left of the Second Bri- 
 gade, in the following order, from left to right: Forty-ninth 
 Illinois, Forty-third Illinois, Twenty-ninth Illinois. Seventeenth 
 Illinois. 
 
— 184 — 
 
 Colonel Rearden, senior officer present, being sick, Colonel 
 Raith was informed, after his regiment was in line of battle, 
 that he was to command the brigade. Under orders from divi- 
 sion commander, he moved the right of his brigade forward to 
 Shiloh Church to the support of Sherman's left. In this posi- 
 tion the brigade was attacked about 9 a. m., April 6, 1862, on its 
 left flank by Wood and Stewart and in front by Russell and 
 Johnson, and was driven slowly back to the crossroads, where 
 it joined the right of the Second Brigade. Here the Seven- 
 teenth and Forty-third, while supporting Schwartz's battery, 
 were subjected to a crossfire of artillery and lost heavily. Colonel 
 Raith was mortally wounded. The Forty-third was surrounded 
 and cut its way out, losing 43 men killed, that were buried in 
 one trench near the crossroads. Lieutenant Colonel Wood, who 
 succeeded to the command of the brigade, did not hold his 
 brigade intact. The Seventeenth and Forty-third rallied at Mc- 
 Clernand's third line and again at his fourth position, where 
 they were joined by the Forty-ninth. The Seventeenth and 
 Forty-ninth then retired to Hamburg and Savannah road. The 
 Forty-third was engaged in the advance and retaking of the 
 camp at noon, and then joined the Seventeenth and Forty-ninth 
 at Hamburg and Savannah road, where the three regiments were 
 engaged at 4 :30 p. m., and bivouacked Sunday night. On Mon- 
 day these regiments joined Marsh's command and served with 
 him until the enemy retired from the field. The Twenty-ninth 
 was engaged at Cavalry field in resisting Pond's attack at 4:30 
 p. m., after which it retired to siege guns, where it remained 
 Sunday night and Monday. McAllister's battery lost one gun 
 at northwest corner of Review field, and was afterwards engaged 
 in McClernand's fifth and sixth positions, and at the Landing 
 at 6 p. m., and on Monday with Marsh's brigade. 
 
 Second Division. 
 
 (W. II. L. Wallace's.) 
 
 This division, composed of three brigades of infantry, four 
 batteries of artillery, and four companies of cavalry, was com- 
 manded by Brigadier General C. F. Smith until April 2, 1862, 
 when, on account of Smith's disability, Brigadier General 
 W. II. L. Wallace was assigned to the command. 
 
 The division arrived at Pittsburg Landing March 18 and es- 
 
— 1S5 — 
 
 tablished its camp near the river between the Corinth road and 
 Snake Creek. It formed at 8 a. m., Sunday morning, April 6, 
 when the First and Second Brigades and three batteries were 
 conducted by Wallace to a position on Corinth road just east 
 of Duncan field, where Tuttle's brigade was formed south of the 
 road, and two regiments of Sweeney's brigade on north side of 
 the road. The other regiments of Sweeney's brigade were held 
 in reserve for a time and then distributed to different parts of 
 the field. McArthur's brigade was detached from the division 
 and served on other parts of the field. Batteries D, H, and K, 
 First Missouri Light Artillery, were placed on a ridge behind 
 Tuttle's brigade. In this position Wallace was attacked at 
 about 9:30 a. m. by Shaver's brigade, assisted by artillery lo- 
 cated in the Review field. At 10:30 a. m. the attack was re- 
 newed by Shaver, Stephens, and Stewart, followed at noon by 
 four determined attacks by Gibson's brigade. General Ruggles 
 then took charge of the Confederate forces in front of Wallace 
 and assembled ten batteries and two sections of artillery on the 
 west side of Duncan field, and sent Wood, Anderson, Stewart, 
 and Cleburne to reinforce Shaver in a renewed attack upon 
 Wallace's front. At the same time the Union forces on Wal- 
 lace's right and left retired, allowing the enemy to gain his 
 flanks and rear. Seeing that he was being surrounded, Wallace 
 sent his batteries to the rear and then attempted to move his 
 infantry out by the flank along the Pittsburg road. While rid- 
 ing at the head of his troops and near the fork of the Eastern 
 Corinth road, he received a mortal wound and was left for dead 
 upon the field. When that part of the field was recovered on 
 Monday General Wallace was found to be alive. He was taken 
 to Savannah, where he died on the 10th. Four regiments of 
 the division did not receive orders to retire in time to save them- 
 selves and were surrounded and captured at 5 :30 p. m. The 
 remainder of the division, under the command of Colonel Tuttle, 
 retired to the right of the siege guns, where the troops remained 
 in line Sunday night. 
 
 On Monday the infantry commanded by Tuttle acted as re- 
 serve to Crittenden's division of the Army of the Ohio, until 
 about noon, when it advanced to front line on Crittenden's right 
 and participated in all the after battles of the day. 
 
Battery A, First Illinois Light Artillery, served with MeAr- 
 thur's brigade on Sunday and had three guns in action with 
 Sherman on Monday. The three Missouri batteries, when they 
 retired from Wallace's line at 5 p. m., reported to Colonel Web- 
 ster near the Landing and were put in line, where they assisted 
 in repelling the last Confederate attack on Sunday. They were 
 not engaged on Monday. 
 
 First Brigade. 
 
 (Tuttle's.) 
 
 This brigade of four regiments was encamped near the river 
 north of the Corinth road. It moved to the front Sunday morn- 
 ing, April 6, 1862, by the Eastern Corinth road. When near 
 southeast corner of Duncan field, Colonel Tuttle, riding at the 
 head of his brigade, discovered the enemy in the woods beyond 
 the field. He at once turned the head of his brigade to the 
 right and threw his regiments into line in an old road behind 
 Duncan field in the following order, from left to right : Four- 
 teenth Iowa, Twelfth Iowa, Seventh Iowa, Second Iowa. The 
 right reaching to the Corinth road, the left extending one regi- 
 ment beyond, or south of. Eastern Corinth road ; the three right 
 regiments behind a field ; the left regiment behind a dense 
 thicket. About 9 :30 a. m. Confederate batteries opened fire 
 upon the brigade. This was soon followed by infantry attack 
 coming through the thick brush on the left. At about 10 :30 
 a. m. Stephens' brigade made an attack through the field. He 
 was repulsed when he reached the middle of the field. This was 
 closely followed by a second attack by Stephens, assisted by Gen- 
 eral Stewart, commanding Hindman's division. About noon 
 Gibson's brigade was sent against Tuttle's position, and made 
 four determined but unsuccessful charges, lasting until after 
 2 p. m., when it withdrew and Shaver made his third attack, in 
 which Lieutenant Colonel Dean of the Seventh Arkansas was 
 killed within a few yards of the front of the Fourteenth Iowa, 
 General Ruggles then assembled sixty-two pieces of artillery on 
 wesl side of Duncan field and concentrated their fire upon Tut- 
 tle and the batteries in his rear. At the same time Ruggles sent 
 Wood. Anderson and Stewart to reinforce Shaver in a renewed 
 attack at the front. While meeting this attack Tuttle was or- 
 
— 1ST — 
 
 dered, at 5 p. m., to withdraw his brigade. He gave personal 
 direction to the Second and Seventh Iowa and with them retired 
 to the right of Hurlbut's division, near the siege guns, where he 
 assumed command of the remnant of the Second Division and 
 formed his line near the camp of the Fourteenth Iowa. The 
 staff officer sent by Tuttle to order the Twelfth and Fourteenth 
 Iowa to fall back directed the commanding officers of those regi- 
 ments to "about face and fall back slowly." Marching by the 
 rear rank about 200 yards, these regiments encountered Confed- 
 erate troops across their line of retreat. These they engaged 
 and forced back to the camp of Hurlbut's First Brigade, where 
 the Confederates were reinforced and the two regiments, to- 
 gether with two from the Third Brigade, and a part of Prentiss' 
 division, were surrounded and captured at 5 :30 p. m. The 
 Fourteenth Iowa surrendered to the Ninth Mississippi of Chalm- 
 ers' brigade, which had occupied the extreme right of the Con- 
 federate army. The Twelfth Iowa surrendered to Colonel 
 Looney of the Thirty-eighth Tennessee, Pond's brigade, from the 
 extreme left of the Confederate Army. 
 
 The Second and Seventh Iowa were with Tuttle 's command on 
 Monday in reserve to General Crittenden. During the day the 
 Second Iowa was sent to reinforce Nelson's left and in a charge 
 across a field defeated an attempt of the enemy to turn the left 
 of the Army of the Ohio. Later the Seventh Iowa charged a 
 battery in Crittenden's front. 
 
 Second Brigadi . 
 (Mc Arthur's.) 
 
 This brigade, composed of five regiments, the Ninth and 
 Twelfth Illinois. Thirteenth and Fourteenth Missouri and the 
 Eighty-first Ohio, was encamped on the Hamburg and Savannah 
 road near Snake Creek. The first order to the brigade Sunday 
 morning, April 6, 1862, disunited its regiments and sent them 
 to different parts of the field, and they were not united again 
 until after the battle was over. 
 
 The Thirteenth Missouri went to Sherman; the Fourteenth 
 Missouri and Eighty-first Ohio to guard Snake Creek bridge. 
 General McArthur. with the Ninth and Twelfth Illinois and 
 Willard's battery, moved directlv south along the Hamburg road 
 
to the support of Colonel Stuart. Finding that Stuart had 
 moved to the left rear of his camps, Mc Arthur formed his com- 
 mand to Stuart's right rear just east of the peach orchard, the 
 Ninth Illinois on the right next to Hamburg road; the Twelfth 
 Illinois to its left; Willard's battery in rear of the Ninth. In 
 this position .Mc Arthur sustained himself against Jackson's bri- 
 gade until about 2 p. m., when Bowen from the Eeserve Corps 
 w;is scut to reinforce Jackson. Under this combined attack Mc- 
 Artlmr w;is compelled to fall back. The Ninth Illinois, having 
 lost 58 per cent of men engaged, retired to camp for ammuni- 
 tion and repairs. It was again engaged near its camp at 4 :30 
 p. m., and then joined Tuttle's command at the Fourteenth Iowa 
 camp, and served with him on Monday. The Twelfth Illinois 
 fell back to a second position, where it joined the Fiftieth and 
 Fifty-seventh Illinois and was engaged until about 4 p. m., when 
 it retired to its camp and passed the night. On Monday it was 
 engaged with McClernand's command. 
 
 The Fourteenth Missouri was engaged Sunday in a skirmish 
 with Brewer's cavalry on the right of Union line. On Monday 
 it joined the Third Division and supported Thompson's battery. 
 The Eighty-first Ohio remained on guard at Snake Creek bridge 
 until 3 p. m. It then moved south to Hurlbut's headquarters, 
 where it was engaged in the 4:30 conflict on Hamburg road. It 
 bivouacked on McClernand's left Sunday night and served with 
 Marsh's command on Monday. The Thirteenth Missouri joined 
 McDowell's brigade on Sunday and was engaged with it in the 
 conflict with Trabue at noon. It bivouacked Sunday night near 
 Ninth Illinois camp and joined Sherman on Monday. General 
 McArthur was wounded on Sunday and was succeeded in com- 
 mand by Colonel Morton of the Eighty-first Ohio. 
 
 Third Brigadi . 
 
 (Sweeny's.) 
 
 This brigade was composed of Eighth Iowa and the Seventh, 
 Fiftieth. Fifty-second, Fifty-seventh and Fifty-eighth Illinois. 
 It was encamped between the First and Second Brigades and 
 followed the First Brigade Sunday morning. April 6, 1862, on 
 the Corinth road to the Eastern Corinth road, where it halted in 
 reserve. The Fifty-eighth and Seventh Illinois were at once 
 
— 189 — 
 
 moved forward to Duncan field, where they formed at 9 :30 a. m. 
 on north side of the Corinth road, prolonging Tuttle's line and 
 connecting with McClernand's left. Soon after the Fiftieth 
 Illinois was detached and sent to the left, where it became en- 
 gaged on Mc Arthur's left. It fell back with the Twelfth Il- 
 linois to position east of the Bloody pond, where it was joined 
 at about 3 p. m. by the Fifty-seventh Illinois. These regiments 
 held their position on left of the army until 1 p. m., when they 
 IVII back ;ind supported Stone's battery near the Landing in the 
 last action of the clav. About 11 a. m. the Eighth Iowa was put 
 in line between Tuttle and Prentiss, where it supported Hicken- 
 looper's battery until 5 p. m. The Fifty-second Illinois was 
 sent, about 3 p. m., to the right. As it was moving down Tilgh- 
 man Creek it ran into Wharton's cavalry, which was moving lip 
 the creek. A few volleys were exchanged by head of column, 
 then the Fifty-second moved to the camp of the Fifteenth Il- 
 linois and was there engaged in repelling Pond's 1:30 p. m. at- 
 tack. It then retired to the siege guns. The Seventh and Fifty- 
 eighth Illinois, on Tuttle's right, and the Eighth Iowa, on his 
 left, participated in all the engagements described in the ac- 
 count of Tuttle's brigade until 1 p. m., when the Seventh retired 
 to McClernand's seventh line. The Eighth Iowa and the Fifty- 
 eighth Illinois were surrounded and captured at the same time 
 that Prentiss was captured. Colonel Sweeny was wounded on 
 Sunday and was succeeded on Monday by Colonel Baldwin, 
 Fifty-seventh Illinois. 
 
 Third Division. 
 
 (Lew. Wallace's.) 
 
 This division, composed of three brigades of infantry, two 
 batteries of artillery, and two battalions of cavalry, was en- 
 camped north of Snake Creek; the First Brigade at Crump's 
 Landing; the Second Brigade at Stony Lonesome; the Third 
 Brigade at Adamsville. Sunday morning, April 6, 1862, hearing 
 sounds of battle up the river, General Wallace ordered his com- 
 mand to concentrate at Stony Lonesome, where, at 11 :30 a. m., 
 he received orders from General Grant directing him to join the 
 right of the army, then engaged on the south side of Snake 
 Creek. At 12 m., leaving two regiments and one gun to guard 
 
the public property at Crump's Landing, General Wallace 
 started with his First and Second Brigades for the battlefield 
 by the Shunpike road, which led to the right of Sherman's di- 
 vision as formed for battle in the morning. 
 
 At about 2:30 p. m. a staff officer from General Grant over- 
 took General Wallace on this road and turned him back to the 
 river road, by which the Third Brigade having fallen into col- 
 umn, his division reached the battlefield after the action of Sun- 
 day was over. 
 
 The division bivouacked in line of bailie, facing west along 
 the Savannah road north of McArthur's headquarters; the First 
 Brigade on the left, with Thompson's battery on its right: the 
 Second Brigade in the center; the Third Brigade on the right, 
 with Thurber's battery at its center. 
 
 At daylight Monday morning, April 7. 1862, the batteries of 
 the division engaged and dislodged Ketchum's Confederate bat- 
 tery, posted in the camp of the Eighth Illinois. At 6 :30 a. m., 
 the division, its right on Owl Creek, advanced en echelon of bri- 
 gades, left in front, crossed Tilghman Creek, and drove the Con- 
 federates from their position at Oglesby's headquarters. Then, 
 wheeling to the left against the left flank of the enemy, it ad- 
 vanced fighting, until, at 4 p. m., it had pushed the Confederates 
 through the Union camps and beyond Shiloh Branch. Near 
 nightfall the division retired under orders to General Sherman's 
 •camps, where it bivouacked Monday night. 
 
 First Bri</(i(h . 
 
 (Smith's.) 
 
 This brigade was encamped at Crump's Landing. It moved 
 out two and a half miles on Purdy road to Stony Lonesome and 
 joined the Second Brigade early Sunday morning. April 6, 1862. 
 At 12 m. it started for Shiloh by a road leading southwesterly 
 toward the right of Sherman's camps. At about 2:30 p. m. the 
 brigade was counter-marched to the Adamsville and Pittsburg 
 road, by which it reached the battlefield about dark and bivou- 
 acked in front of the camp of the Fourteenth Missouri. On 
 Monday the brigade formed in Perry field, near McArthur's 
 headquarters; the Twenty-fourth Indiana on the left, the Elev- 
 enth Indiana on the right, and the Eighth Missouri in reserve. 
 
One of the Ohio Monuments. 
 
— 193 — 
 
 At about 6 :30 a. m. it advanced across Tilghman Creek and at 
 8 a. m. entered the field of Hare's brigade camp. It crossed said 
 field in a southwesterly direction, driving back the Confederate 
 forces, thence through the Crescent field and to McDowell's bri- 
 gade camp, where it bivouacked Monday night. Losses during 
 the day, 18 killed and 114 wounded. The Twenty-fourth In- 
 diana lost its lieutenant colonel, 1 captain and 1 lieutenant killed. 
 
 Second Brigade. 
 
 (Thayer's.) 
 
 This brigade, consisting of Twenty-third Indiana, First Ne- 
 braska. Fifty-eighth Ohio, and Sixty-eighth Ohio, was encamped 
 at Stony Lonesome, two and a half miles from the Tennessee 
 River, on the Purdy road. The Sixty-eight Ohio was detailed 
 to guard the baggage, the other regiments of the brigade fol- 
 lowed the First Brigade in its march toward Shiloh April 6, 
 1862. It counter-marched, from a point four and a half miles 
 out, to the Adamsville and Pittsburg road, and thence via river 
 road to the battlefield, where it arrived after dark and bivou- 
 acked, in line of battle, at the right of the First Brigade. Mon- 
 day morning it formed en echelon in right rear of the First 
 Brigade, the First Nebraska on the left, the Twenty-third In- 
 diana on the right and the Fifty-eighth Ohio in reserve. It fol- 
 lowed the movements of the First Brigade through the day and 
 bivouacked at night in the camp of the Forty-sixth Ohio. 
 
 Third Brigade. 
 
 (Whittlesey's.) 
 
 This brigade of four Ohio regiments, to-wit : The Twentieth, 
 Fifty-sixth, Seventy-sixth, and Seventy-eighth, was encamped at 
 Adamsville, four miles from Crump's. It formed in line early 
 Sunday morning, April 6, 1862, when firing was heard at Shiloh, 
 with all its camp equipage on wagons, and remained in line until 
 2 p. m., when orders were received to join the other brigades en 
 route for Shiloh. It marched on direct road toward Pittsburg, 
 falling in behind the other brigades as they came back into that 
 road from the countermarch. At about 4 p. m. the Fifty-sixth 
 was detached and ordered to go with baggage to Crump's Land- 
 
 13 
 
— 194 — 
 
 ing. The other regiments arrived on the battlefield after dark 
 and bivouacked in front of the camp of the Eighty-first Ohio. 
 Monday morning the brigade formed the extreme right of Union 
 line, its right, the Seventy-sixth, on the swamps of Owl Creek, 
 the Seventy-eighth en the left in rear of the right of the Sec- 
 ond Brigade, the Twentieth in reserve, until it crossed Tilghman 
 Creek, when it took position on the right. Retaining this forma- 
 tion, the brigade advanced, swinging to the left until 11 a. m., 
 when it was transferred to the left of the division in support of 
 Stuart's brigade of Sherman's division. The Seventy-sixth re- 
 mained on the left, the other regiments soon returned to the 
 right, the Twentieth in front line, the Seventy-eighth in reserve. 
 The last engagement by this brigade was between the Twentieth 
 Ohio, in the field near McDowell's headquarters, and Confeder- 
 ates at camp of Forty-sixth Ohio. The brigade bivouacked in 
 camp of Sixth Iowa Monday night. 
 
 Fourth Division. 
 (Hurlbut's.) 
 
 This division, composed of three brigades of infantry, three 
 batteries of artillery, and two battalions of cavalry, arrived at 
 Pittsburg Landing on boats March 16, 1862. On the 18th it 
 disembarked and established its camps about one mile from the 
 river near the point where the Hamburg and Savannah road 
 crosses the road from Pittsburg Landing to Corinth. 
 
 The division was formed about 8 a. m., Sunday morning, 
 April 6, 1862, and soon after the Second Brigade was sent to rein- 
 force General McClernand. 
 
 The First and Third Brigades, with the artillery, moved out 
 to the support of Prentiss' division, but finding that Prentiss was 
 falling back, Hurlbut put his division in line at the Peach Or- 
 chard field, the First Brigade on the south side, the Third Bri- 
 gade on the west side, the batteries in the field. In this position 
 he was attacked by Chalmers' and Gladden 's brigades, which 
 were following Prentiss' division, and by Robertson's, Harper's. 
 and Girardey's batteries, which were stationed in Prentiss' 
 camps. A shell from one of these batteries blew up a caisson 
 belonging to Myers' Thirteenth Ohio Battery: the men stam- 
 peded, abandoning their guns, and were not again in action at 
 Shiloh. 
 
— 195 — 
 
 .Mann's battery fought with the division all day, and again on 
 Monday. Ross' battery did excellent service until ordered to 
 fall back at 4 p. m., and was preparing to retire to the Landing 
 when it was charged by Lindsay's Mississippi cavalry and cap- 
 tured. Only two guns were saved. 
 
 Hurlbut held his position on two sides of the Peach Orchard 
 until about 1:30 p. m., when he was attacked by Breckinridge's 
 corps. Finding that Stuart was falling back on the left, Hurl- 
 but retired to the north side of the field with his First Brigade, 
 and transferred his Third Brigade from the right to the left 
 flank. Here he maintained himself until 3 p. m., when he was 
 again obliged to retire to the left of his camps. About 1 p. m. 
 he found that his left was again being turned, and fell back to 
 the siege guns and reformed. The Second Brigade rejoined the 
 division and all participated in the final action of the day. The 
 division bivouacked in line of battle in front of the siege guns, 
 and on Monday the First and Second Brigades and Mann's bat- 
 tery formed on McClernand's left ; the Third Brigade reported to 
 Sherman. All were engaged until the Confederates retired from 
 the field. 
 
 First Brigadi . 
 
 (Williams'.) 
 
 This brigade of four regiments was encamped across the Cor- 
 inth road I 1 /! miles from the river. On Sunday morning, April 
 6, 1862, at about 8 o'clock, it moved out on the Hamburg road 
 and formed line of battle along the south side of the Peach Or- 
 chard field in following order from left to right : Forty-first Il- 
 linois, Twenty-eighth Illinois, Thirty-second Illinois, Third Iowa. 
 In this position it was attacked by skirmishers from Chalmers' 
 brigade and by artillery fire, by which Colonel Williams was dis- 
 abled and the command of the brigade passed to Colonel Pugh, 
 Forty-first Illinois. Chalmers' brigade was withdrawn and Colo- 
 nel Pugh retired his brigade to the center of the field, where he 
 was attacked at about 1:30 p. m. by Statham's and Stephens' 
 brigades, and at 2 :30 was driven back to the north side of the 
 field. The Thirty-second Illinois was transferred to the left of 
 the brigade east of Hamburg road, and lost its lieutenant colo- 
 nel, Ross, killed. As the left of the line was driven back, Colo- 
 
— 196 — 
 
 nel Pugh again fell back to the Wicker field, where he held his 
 line until 4 p. m., when the brigade retired, under Hurlbut's 
 orders, to position near siege guns, where it remained in line 
 Sunday night. The Third Iowa, occupying the right of Hurl- 
 but's line, connected with Prentiss and remained until about 5 
 p. m., then retired through its camp and along Pittsburg road 
 just before the Confederates closed their line behind Prentiss. 
 Major Stone, commanding the regiment, was captured; other 
 casualties of the day among the officers left the regiment in 
 command of Lieutenant Crosley. He joined his command to the 
 Thirteenth Iowa in the last action of the day, and then reported 
 to his brigade commander. He commanded the regiment, in ac- 
 tion with his brigade, the next day. 
 
 On Monday the brigade formed on McClernand's left and was 
 engaged until noon. 
 
 Second Brigade. 
 (Veatch's.) 
 
 This brigade, of four regiments, was encamped across the Ham- 
 burg and Savannah road, north of the Corinth road. It was sent 
 April 6, 1862, to reinforce McClernand, and moved out along the 
 Corinth road and formed in line behind Marsh's brigade at about 
 9 a. m. in the following order from left to right : Twenty-fifth 
 Indiana, Fourteenth Illinois, Forty-sixth Illinois, Fifteenth Il- 
 linois. It became engaged at about 10 :30 a. m., and at 11 a. m. 
 was compelled to retire. The Twenty-fifth Indiana and Four- 
 teenth Illinois fell back 200 yards, changing front to rear on left 
 companies, and formed along the road that runs from Review 
 field past McClernand's headquarters. A little later they retired 
 to the right of Hare's brigade, where they held their position un- 
 til after noon, when they fell back to McClernand's sixth line, 
 where they were engaged in Pond's repulse at 4:30 p. m., after 
 which they joined Hurlbut in his last position on Sunday. 
 
 The Fifteenth Illinois lost all its field officers and several cap- 
 tains at first position and retired at 11 a. m. to the Jones field, 
 where it was joined by the Forty-sixth Illinois in supporting 
 Barrett's battery. These two regiments joined McDowell's left 
 in the advance at 12 m. and continued in line until 1 p. m., when 
 they retired — the Fifteenth Illinois to join Hurlbut, the Forty- 
 
— 197 — 
 
sixth Illinois to its camp for dinner; later the Forty-sixth joined 
 Marsh 's command on the Hamburg road and assisted in the final 
 action of the day. and was with Marsh's command on Monday. 
 The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Illinois and Twenty-fifth Indiana, 
 under Colonel Veatch, formed the left of the Army of the Ten- 
 nessee on Monday and joined McCook's right until about 11 a. m.. 
 when they crossed the Corinth road near Duncan's and were 
 engaged in Review field and in front line until 1 p. m. 
 
 Third Brigad( . 
 (Lauman's.) 
 
 This brigade had formerly belonged to the Army of the Ohio 
 where it was known as Cruft's brigade. It was sent from that 
 army to reinforce Grant at Fort Donelson and had remained with 
 the Army of the Tennessee. General Lauman was assigned to 
 the command April 5, 1862. Its camp was on the south side of 
 Dill Branch, its right at the Bamburg road. About 8 a. m., 
 Sunday. April 6, 1862, it moved out to the west side of the Peach 
 Orchard field and formed line with its right in the woods near 
 the head of Tilghman Creek. The order of its regiments from 
 left to right was: Seventeenth Kentucky, Twenty-fifth Kentucky, 
 Forty-fourth Indiana, Thirty-first Indiana. About 9 a. m. it 
 \\as attacked through the timber on its right by Gladden 's bri- 
 gade closely followed in succession by attacks, upon its while 
 line, by Stephens' brigade and the right of Gibson's brigade. 
 One of the features of the battle at this place was the burning 
 of the leaves and brush in the woods where the wounded were 
 lying. 
 
 About 2 p. m. the brigade was transferred to the left and 
 formed in open woods just east of the Hamburg road, the Thirty- 
 first Indiana in reserve on left flank. This position was held un- 
 til about 1 p. m. when the brigade retired with its division to 
 tlie siege guns. After the action for the day had closed it moved 
 150 yards to front and bivouacked for the night. On Monday 
 at 10 a. m. it reported to Sherman and served with him until 
 close of the battle. 
 
 Fifth Division. 
 (Sherman's.) 
 
 This division, of four brigades of infantry, three batteries of 
 artillery, two battalions and two independent companies of cav- 
 
— 200 — 
 
 airy, was organized at Paducah about the 1st of March, 1862. 
 It went up the Tennessee River to the mouth of Yellow Creek, 
 and returned to Pittsburg Landing March 16, disembarked, and 
 marched out to Monterey, returned to Pittsburg Landing and es- 
 tablished its camps on the 19th along the Hamburg and Purdy 
 road, its center at Shiloh Church. On Sunday morning, April 6, 
 1862, the division formed in front of its camps where its Third 
 and Fourth Brigades became engaged at 7 :30 a. m. These bri- 
 gades, reinforced by Raith's' brigade of the First Division, held 
 the line until 10 a. m., when Sherman attempted to fall back to 
 the Purdy road. In this movement his Third Brigade became 
 disorganized and retired, his Fourth Brigade formed on the road, 
 but soon fell back and after a short engagement retreated to Ham- 
 burg and Savannah road, only parts of regiments remaining in 
 line. McDowell's brigade, when ordered at 10 a. m. to fall 
 back, became engaged in Crescent field and afterwards on Mc- 
 Clernand's right until about 2 p. m. 
 
 Stuart's brigade was engaged with Chalmers on the extreme 
 left until 2 p. m. Barrett's battery formed in front of Shiloh 
 Church and opened fire at 7 :30 a. m. ; then at 10 a. m. retired 
 to Jones field, where it was engaged until 2 p. m., when it retired 
 to the river. Waterhouse's battery went into action at 7 a. m. 
 with two guns at Rhea House ; these soon retired to main battery 
 1 50 yards in rear, where the full battery remained in action until 
 10 a. m., when it was outflanked and lost three guns. The re- 
 mainder of the battery retired disabled from the field. Behr's 
 battery was with McDowell's brigade, one gun guarding the 
 bridge at Owl Creek. "When Sherman ordered McDowell to join 
 his other brigades near Shiloh Church, Captain Behr moved five 
 guns down the road, and was directing them into battery when 
 he was killed ; his men stampeded, leaving the guns on the field. 
 The gun at Owl Creek served with McDowell in his first engage- 
 ment, then retired. 
 
 On Monday, Stuart's and Buckland's brigades were engaged 
 on the left of Lew. Wallace all day. Sherman was wounded on 
 Sunday, but kept the field until the enemy retired on Monday. 
 
First Brigade. 
 (McDowell's.) 
 
 This brigade, of three regiments, was encamped on the Ham- 
 burg and Purdy road, its right on the high ground near Owl 
 ( "reck, in the following order from left to right: Fortieth Illinois, 
 Forty-sixth Ohio, Sixth Iowa. At the first alarm Sunday morn- 
 ing, April 6, 1862, each regiment formed upon its color line. 
 Two companies of the Sixth Iowa, with one gun of Belir's bat- 
 tery, were on guard at the bridge over Owl Creek. About 8 a. 
 m. the brigade was advanced to the brow of the hill overlooking 
 Shiloh Branch, the Fortieth Illinois joining the right of Buck- 
 land's brigade. After a skirmish with Pond's brigade, McDowell 
 was ordered, at 10 a, m., to retire to the Purdy road and move 
 to the left to connect with Buckland's brigade near the cross- 
 roads. In obedience to this order, the brigade abandoned its 
 camps without a contest and moved by the left flank past Mc- 
 Dowell's headquarters, when it was discovered that the Con- 
 federates occupied the road between this brigade and Buckland's. 
 McDowell then moved directly north and put his brigade in line 
 on west side of Crescent field, facing east, where he engaged and 
 drove back the for^e of the enemy moving into said field. The 
 brigade then moved north-easterly across Crescent field and into 
 Sowell field, facing south, its left at Sowell house, where it con- 
 nected with McClernand at 11 :30 a. m., and advanced with him 
 to the center of Marsh's brigade camp. Here the Sixth Iowa 
 was transferred from right to center of brigade, and Thirteenth 
 Missouri placed between the Fortieth Illinois and Sixth Iowa, 
 the Forty-Sixth Ohio slightly in rear and to the extreme right of 
 the line. 
 
 At about 12 m. the brigade was attacked on its right flank by 
 Trabue. In an engagement lasting until 1 :30 p. m. the Sixth 
 Iowa had 52 killed — they were buried in one grave where they 
 fell ; the Forty-sixth Ohio had 246 killed and wounded, and the 
 Fortieth Illinois 216 killed and wounded. The brigade com- 
 mander was thrown from his horse and disabled. At 2 :30 p. m, 
 the brigade retired to the Landing and later formed behind Hurl- 
 but. On Monday, the Sixth Iowa and Fortieth Illinois were at- 
 tached to Garfield's brigade of Army of the Ohio, and remained 
 with him until Wednesday, but were not engaged. 
 
Second Brigade. 
 (Stuart's.) 
 
 This brigade, of three regiments, was encamped at the junction 
 of Hamburg and Purdy road with the Hamburg and Savannah 
 road in the following order from left to right: Fifty-fifth Illinois, 
 Fifty-fourth Ohio. Seventy-first Ohio; a company from each 
 regiment on picket, one at Lick Creek Ford, two on Bark road. 
 These pickets gave warning, about 8 a. m., April 6, 1862, of the 
 approach of the enemy. 
 
 Stuart formed his brigade on regimental color lines, but find- 
 ing that he was exposed to artillery fire from batteries on bluff 
 south of Locust Grove Creek, and obeying orders to guard Lick 
 Creek Ford, he moved, at 10 a. m., to his left, placing the Fifty- 
 fourth Ohio on his left behind McCullers field, the Fifty-fifth 
 Illinois next to right, and the Seventy-first Ohio with its right 
 behind the left of the Fifty-fifth Illinois camp. Chalmers placed 
 his brigade in line on the bluff south of Locust Grove Creek, and, 
 after clearing Stuart's camps with his artillery, moved across the 
 creek and attacked the Fifty-fourth Ohio and Fifty-fifth Il- 
 linois in position. After a short conflict Stuart withdrew to a 
 ridge running due east from his headquarters. The right, 
 Seventy-first Ohio, occupying the buildings used as Stuart's 
 headquarters, was here attacked by the right of Jackson's bri- 
 gade and very soon retired, leaving a captain and 50 men prison- 
 ers. One part of the regiment under the major passed down a 
 ravine to the Tennessee River, where they were picked up by a 
 gunboat; another part retired to the Landing, where they joined 
 the brigade at night. 
 
 The Fifty-fourth Ohio and Fifty-fifth Illinois, with Stuart in 
 command, successfully resisted the attack's of Chalmers until 2 
 ]). m., when their ammunition was exhausted and they were 
 obliged to fall back- to the Landing, where they re-formed at the 
 Log House, the Fifty-fourth Ohio in what is now the cemetery, 
 the Fifty-fifth Illinois to its right supporting Silfversparre's bat- 
 tery, where they were engaged in resisting Chalmers' Sunday 
 evening attack. Stuart was wounded on Sunday, and was suc- 
 ceeded on Monday by Colonel T. Kilby Smith, who, with the 
 Fifty-fourth Ohio and Fifty-fifth Illinois, joined Sherman's com- 
 mand and fouirht on riffhl next to Lew. Wallace all day. 
 
— 203 — 
 
 Third Brigade. 
 (Hildebrand's.) 
 
 This brigade was encamped with its right, the Seventy-seventh 
 Ohio, at Shiloh Church; its left, the Fifty-third Ohio, near the 
 Rhea House and separated from the Fifty-seventh Ohio by a 
 small stream with marshy margins. About 7 a. in., April 6, 1862, 
 the brigade formed to meet the attack of the enemy, the Fifty- 
 seventh and Seventy-seventh in advance of their camps in the 
 valley of Shiloh Branch. The Fifty-third, being threatened by 
 an attack in left flank, formed its line perpendicular to the left 
 of its camp. While in this position the brigade was attacked 
 from the front by Cleburne's and Wood's brigades. This attack, 
 falling upon the exposed flank of the Fifty-third, compelled it to 
 change front to the rear on left company and form a new line 
 in rear of its camp. Attacked in this position, the regiment fell 
 back disorganized, passing to the rear around the flank of the 
 Forty-ninth Illinois, eight companies going to the Landing at 
 once, two companies, under the adjutant, E. C. Dawes, joining 
 the Seventeenth Illinois. The eight companies were re-formed 
 near the Landing by the major and supported Bouton's battery 
 in MeClernand's seventh line, and en Monday advanced with 
 .Alurslrs command. 
 
 The Fifty-seventh and Seventy-seventh were reinforced by 
 Raith's brigade of the First Division and held their positions for 
 some time, when they, too, fell back disorganized and were not 
 again in line as regiments. Colonel Hildebrand acted as aid for 
 General McClernand during Sunday. 
 
 Fourth Brigadt . 
 
 (Buckland's.) 
 
 This brigade was encamped with its left at Shiloh Church in 
 the following order from left to right : Seventieth Ohio, Forty- 
 eighth Ohio, Seventy-second Ohio. It formed for battle Sunday 
 morning, April 6, 1862, about 200 yards in front of its camps, 
 where it withstood the attacks of Cleburne, Anderson, and John- 
 son until 10 a. m. Its right flank was then threatened by Pond 
 and Trabue and it was ordered to fall back to the Purely road. 
 where its formation was broken by teams and the fleeing mass 
 
moving towards the river. The colonel of the Seventeenth Ohio 
 with a portion of his regiment joined the Third Brigade of Mc- 
 Clernand's division and fell back with it to Jones field, where it 
 joined McDowell's brigade and was engaged with it until 1 p. m.. 
 when it retired to the Hamburg road. The adjutant and 
 forty men of the Seventieth joined the Eleventh Illinois and 
 fought with it until night. The Forty-eighth and Seventy-sec- 
 ond after a short engagement with the enemy retired to Ham- 
 burg and Savannah road, where Colonel Buckland reorganized 
 his brigade and was engaged in the 4:30 p. m. affair, after 
 which the Forty-eighth retired to the river for ammunition, 
 where it supported a battery in the last engagement of the day, 
 and spent the night in line near the log house; the Seventieth 
 and Seventy-second passing the night in bivouac near McAr- 
 thur 's headquarters. 
 
 On Monday the brigade was reunited, and, with Stuart's bri- 
 gade, formed Sherman's line that advanced to the right of Mc- 
 Clernand's camps, thence southwesterly along the front of said 
 camps to Shiloh Church, where the brigade re-occupied their 
 camps at about 4 p. m. 
 
 Sixth Division. 
 (Prentiss'.) 
 
 On the 26th day of March, 1862, General Grant, by Special 
 Order No. 36, assigned General Prentiss to the command of un- 
 attached troops then arriving at Pittsburg Landing, with direc- 
 tions to organize these regiments, as they arrived upon the field, 
 into brigades, and the brigades into a division, to be designated 
 the Sixth Division. 
 
 Under this order one brigade of four regiments, commanded 
 by Colonel Peabody, had been organized and was encamped on 
 west side of the Eastern Corinth road, 400 yards south of the 
 Barnes field. Another brigade, commanded by Colonel Miller, 
 Eighteenth Missouri, was partially organized. Three regiments 
 had reported and were in camp on the east side of the Eastern 
 Corinth road. Other regiments on their way up the river had 
 been ordered to report to General Prentiss, but had not arrived. 
 
 The Sixteenth Iowa arrived on the field on the 5th and sent 
 its morning report to General Prentiss in time to have it in- 
 

eluded in his report of present for duty that day ; it was not 
 fully equipped and did not disembark from the boat until morn- 
 ing of the 6th. The Fifteenth Iowa and Twenty-third Missouri 
 arrived at the Landing Sunday morning, April 6, 1862. The 
 Twenty-third Missouri reported to General Prentiss at his third 
 position at about 9:30 a. m., and was placed in line at once as 
 part of bis command. The Fifteenth and Sixteenth Iowa were, 
 by General Grant's order, sent to the right to reinforce Mc- 
 Clernand. They reported to him at his fifth line in Jones field, 
 and were hotly engaged from about 1 p. m. to 2 :30 p. m. Hick- 
 enlooper's Fifth Ohio Battery and Munch 's First Minnesota 
 Battery and two battalions of Eleventh Illinois Cavalry had 
 been assigned to the division and were encamped in rear of the 
 infantry. One company from each regiment was on picket 1 
 mile in front of the camps. On Saturday, April 5, a recon- 
 noitering party under Colonel Moore, Twenty-first Missouri, was 
 sent out to the front. Colonel Moore reported Confederate cav- 
 alry and some evidences of an infantry force in front, but he 
 failed to develop a regular line of the enemy. Prentiss doubled 
 bis pickets, and at 3 a. m. Sunday sent out another party of 
 three companies of the Twenty-fifth Missouri, under Major 
 Powell, to reconnoiter well to the front. This party encount- 
 ered the Confederate picket under Major Hardcastle in Fraley's 
 field at 4:55 a. m. These pickets at once engaged, and contin- 
 ued their fire until about 6:30 a. m., when the advance of the 
 main line of Hardee's corps drove Powell back. 
 
 General Prentiss, hearing the firing, formed his division at 6 
 a. m. and sent Peabody's brigade in advance of his camp to 
 relieve tbe retiring pickets, and posted Miller's brigade 300 
 yards in front of bis camp, with batteries in the field at right 
 and left of the Eastern Corinth road. In this position the divi- 
 sion was attacked at 8 a. m. by tbe brigades of Gladden, Shaver, 
 Chalmers, and Wood, and driven back to its camp, where the 
 contest was renewed. At 9 a. m. Prentiss was compelled to 
 abandon his camp and fall back to his third position, which he 
 occupied at 9 :05 a. m.. in an old road between the divisions of 
 Hurlbut and W. H. L.Wallace. Hickenlooper lost two guns in 
 first position and Munch had two disabled. Each brought four 
 guns into line at the Hornets' Nest. Prentiss was here joined 
 by the Twenty-third Missouri, which gave him about 1,000 men 
 
at his third position. With this force he held his line against 
 the attacks of Shaver, Stephens, and Gibson, as described in 
 account of Tuttle's brigade, until 4 p. m., when Hurlbut fell 
 back and Prentiss was obliged to swing his division back at 
 right angles to Tuttle in order to protect the left flank. "When 
 Tuttle's left regiments marched to the rear Prentiss fell back 
 behind them toward the Corinth road, and was surrounded and 
 captured at 5 :30 p. m. near the forks of the Eastern Corinth 
 road. Hickenlooper and Munch withdrew just before they were 
 surrounded, Hickenlooper reporting to Sherman and becoming 
 engaged in the 4 :30 action on Hamburg road. Munch 's battery 
 reported to Colonel Webster and was in position at mouth of 
 Dill Branch, where it assisted in repelling last attack Sunday 
 night. 
 
 First Brigade. 
 
 (Peabody \s.) 
 
 This brigade of four regiments was encamped on west side of 
 Eastern Corinth road, about one-half mile south of Hamburg 
 and Purdy road, in the following order from left to right : Six- 
 teenth Wisconsin, Twenty-first Missouri, Twelfth Michigan, 
 Twenty-fifth Missouri. Three companies of the Twenty-fifth 
 Missouri, under its major, Powell, were sent out at 3 a. m., 
 April 6, 1862, to reconnoiter. Moving southwest from camp, 
 Powell passed between the Rhea and Seay fields into the main 
 Corinth road, where one of Sherman's picket posts was stationed. 
 Beyond the picket, and near the southeast corner of Fraley field, 
 he encountered Confederate pickets, and was fired upon at 4:55 
 a. m. After an engagement of over an hour, Powell fell back 
 before the advance of Wood's brigade to the Seay field, where 
 he was reinforced by Colonel Moore with his regiment, the 
 Twenty-firsl Missouri, and four companies of the Sixteenth Wis- 
 consin. Colonel Moore took command, but was soon severely 
 wounded, and Captain Saxe, Sixteenth Wisconsin, was killed. 
 Lieutenant Colonel Woodyard, Twenty-first Missouri, assumed 
 command, and Avas engaged about one hour, when he fell back 
 to Rhea field, where he was met by Colonel Peabody and the 
 remainder of* the brigade. Peabody held the Confederates in 
 cheek until 8 a. in., when he fell back to his camp. Here he was 
 
attacked by the brigade of Shaver and the right of Wood's bri- 
 gade. Peabody was killed and the brigade forced to abandon 
 its camp at 9 a. m. The brigade organization was broken up, a 
 part retiring through McClernand's lines and about 200 of the 
 Twenty-first Missouri and 100 of the Twelfth Michigan joining 
 Prentiss at his third position, where they were surrounded and 
 most of them captured at 5 :30 p. m. Sunday afternoon. 
 
 Second Brigade. 
 (Miller's.) 
 
 This brigade had three regiments in camp — a fourth assigned 
 and reported, but not yet in camp. The regiments were en- 
 camped between the Eastern Corinth road and Locust Grove in, 
 the following order from left to right : Eighteenth Wisconsin, 
 Sixty-first Illinois, Eighteenth Missouri. The Sixteenth Iowa 
 arrived at the Landing on Saturday, April 5, 1862. The colonel 
 reported for duty and handed in his morning report, so that his 
 regiment is included in Miller's report of present for duty. Not 
 being fully equipped, the regiment did not go to camp, but 
 remained at Landing ; on Sunday it, with Fifteenth Iowa, was, 
 by order of General Grant, held for a time near the Landing to 
 stop stragglers, and then sent to reinforce McClernand at his 
 fifth line, where they were engaged and lost heavily. 
 
 The Eighteenth Wisconsin arrived on the field on Saturday 
 afternoon and went at once into camp, but did not get into the 
 morning report of that day and are not included in Miller's 
 present for duty. The brigade was formed for battle Sunday 
 morning at 6 o'clock 300 yards in front of its camp, at south 
 side of Spain field, where it was attacked by Gladden and Chal- 
 mers at 8 a. m. and was driven back into camp, and at 9 a. m. 
 was compelled to abandon its camp. Parts of the Eighteenth 
 Wisconsin and Eighteenth Missouri, about 300 men, formed with 
 Prentiss at his third position and remained with him until cap- 
 tured at 5 :30 p. m. Tbe Sixty-first Illinois passed beyond or 
 through Hurlbut's line and was in reserve behind that division 
 all day Sunday, except about an hour when it relieved another 
 regiment in front line. 
 
UNASSIGNED. 
 
 The Fifteenth .Michigan arrived at Pittsburg Landing April 
 5, 1862. Arms had been issued to the men, but no ammunition 
 had been supplied. The regiment moved out upon the field early 
 Sunday morning and formed line and stacked knapsacks, at the 
 left of the Eighteenth Wisconsin in Locust Grove, just as 
 Chalmers appeared in front and moved to the attack. Failing 
 to obtain ammunition, Colonel Oliver ordered his men to fix bay- 
 onets, as if to charge the approaching Confederates, but recon- 
 sidered and about faced his men and returned to the Landing, 
 where he obtained ammunition and again joined the fighting 
 line at some place not now determined. On Monday morning 
 the regiment joined Rousseau's brigade of the Army of the Ohio 
 and fought with conspicuous gallantry all day. 
 
 The Fourteenth "Wisconsin arrived upon the field Sunday 
 night, and on Monday joined Smith's brigade of the Army of 
 the Ohio and served with it all day. It assisted in the capture 
 of a battery, one gun of which was awarded to this regiment 
 and sent to the State of Wisconsin. 
 
 Silf versparre 's battery (H), First Illinois, arrived upon the 
 field Sunday, April 6. Its guns were four 20-pounder Parrotts. 
 Horses had not been supplied. The men got the guns up the 
 bank and placed them in battery in front of the Log House, 
 where they were engaged Sunday evening. 
 
 Bouton's battery (I), First Illinois, arrived at Pittsburg Sun- 
 day morning fully equipped, but without drill, and with horses 
 that had never been harnessed to a gun. The battery was taken 
 ashore and reported to Sherman, and rendered good service in 
 repelling last attack upon his line at 4:30 p. m. It remained 
 with Sherman on Monday all day. and received special mention 
 by Colonel Gibson of the Army of the Ohio. 
 
 Siege Guns — Battery B. Second Illinois. The guns belonging 
 to this battery were, under the direction of Colonel Webster, 
 gotten ashore Sunday afternoon and placed in position one- 
 fourth of a mile west of the Log House, where they formed a 
 rallying point for all troops coming back from the front. 
 
 Powell's battery (F), Second Illinois, was encamped near the 
 landing awaiting an assignment which Captain Powell under- 
 stood would place him in McClernand's division. After waiting 
 
— 213 — 
 
 some time on Sunday morning for orders, Powell attempted to 
 take his battery to McClernand. He moved out along the Cor- 
 inth road, passing through Sweeny's troops at east side of Dun- 
 can field and arriving near the Duncan House, after Hare's 
 brigade had fallen back, found himself, suddenly, in close prox- 
 imity to the Confederate line of battle. In retiring, one gun 
 was upset and left just behind the Duncan field. With five guns 
 Powell reported to W. H. L. Wallace near the left of his line, 
 where he was engaged until about 5 o 'clock, when Captain Pow- 
 ell was wounded and his battery retired to its camp, where it 
 was engaged at 6 p. m. in the final action of Sunday. 
 
 Margraf's Eighth Ohio Battery arrived at the Landing the 
 last of March. By an order issued April 2, it had been assigned 
 to the Third Division, but had not reported to that division. 
 The only official report of its action is given in the report of the 
 First Minnesota, which says that the "Eighth Ohio was on its 
 left in the action of 6 p. m., Sunday, at the mouth of Dill 
 Branch." 
 
 Army of the Ohio. 
 
 Soon after the consolidation of the Departments of the Ohio 
 and Missouri, General Halleck ordered General Buell to move 
 his army from Nashville to Savannah, Tenn., and form junction 
 with the Army of the Tennessee. Upon General Buell's sugges- 
 tion to march his army across the country rather than transfer 
 it by boats, it was so ordered, and General Buell with the ad- 
 vance of his army reached Savannah, Tenn., April 5, 1862. 
 Early Sunday, April 6, General Grant informed General Buell 
 by note* of the situation at Shiloh and ordered General Nelsonf 
 to march his division up the east side of the Tennessee to a point 
 opposite Pittsburg Landing, where boats would be found to 
 ferry him across the river. General Buell and staff reached 
 Pittsburg Landing by boat between 2 and 3 o'clock. Ammen's 
 brigade, the advance of Nelson's division, arrived upon the field 
 at about 5 :30 p. m., a part of it engaging in the repulse of the 
 Confederates in the last attack of Sunday. During the night 
 the remainder of Nelson's division and Crittenden's division 
 
 *109 War Records, p. 232. 
 1 11 War Records, p. 95. 
 
I 
 
 . on t ho field, and o;\rly Monday morning two brigacl - 
 ached tho Landing, 
 In tl of the Tib the a ^ occupied the 
 
 xtending in a semicircle from the ren 
 — > - ith v>t* Dill Branch, to nortl - the Corinth 
 
 on tho Landing, Nelson's dh sioi on the left, 
 vlon in the center, Met i on the right enemy 
 
 on a line slightly oblique to ours and beyond open fields, with a 
 battery in front of Nelson's left, a battery in front of Critten- 
 den's left, a battery in front I - l 
 
 ad another battery in front of Met t's ] \ short 
 
 e in rear of tho enemy's left were the encampments of 
 maud's and Sherman's divisions, which the enemy held. 
 While troops tting into position, Mendenhall's battery 
 
 d the enen^i s - \ with some effect Bartlett's 
 
 battery engaged the enemy's third battery,"* 
 Tho . sions of the Army of the \ rd, pre 
 
 : thoir reli - s in line, and became en 
 
 about 8 a, m They advanced slowly until about 2 p. m . when 
 \'\ - nsioi rrivetl just as the final retreat of the I 
 federates began. In the forward movement MeCook's di> - 
 kept the main Corinth road, Crittenden's division about the di- 
 
 the eastern Corinth road. This separated the® 
 sions s hat at about U a. in, Veatch and Tuttle, from tho 
 Army of the Tennessee, were moved into the interval Ix 
 
 ttenden and became engaged in the Review field. 
 
 derates had retired from the field, and the 
 
 Arnn io bivouacked on a line extending from Stuart's 
 
 oar Shiloh Church, 
 Ton-ill's battery U\ Fifth United States, belonging to Mo 
 * :*s divis - detached for service with Nelson, at 
 
 in notion on Hamburg road and at the Peach Orchard 
 
 l\\ Kill Dl\ IMON 
 
 \ Isoi - 
 
 Tho head of tb - - arrived opposite to P - land 
 
 Ing about 5 p m. April 6, 1862, One brigade, Ammen's, 
 
 • and parts of the Thirty sixth Indiana and 
 
 Knoll's report . 
 
•Sixth Ohio were engaged in the closing action of Sunday. Ai 
 9 p hi the entire division had crossed the Tennessee Itiver and 
 
 I 'd along the north side of Dill Branch, where ii bivouacked 
 
 Sunday nighl with pickets across the branch. Ai 5 30 a m on 
 
 the Fth ihr division advanced, and a1 i a. tn. for <l on south 
 
 side of the branch and awaited Hie completion of the line Ai 
 tfa in it attacked the Confederates in the Peach Orchard Mr,, 
 denhall's batterj with Hi.' righl and Terrill's battorj with the 
 left The division gained the south side of the Poach Orchard 
 ai 2 i>. in. Hi.- Confederates retiring. This closed the conflict 
 "M Hi.' left, 'I'll,' division remained in line until night and 
 bivouacked with its lefl in Stuart's camps, its righl near I'ren 
 iiss' headquarters. 
 
 T< nth ttritittd, . 
 
 I Am ii 's | 
 
 This brigade, composed of Hi,' Thirtj sixth fndiana and the 
 Sixth and Twentj fourth Ohio, crossed the Tennessee River ai 
 i SO |) in. Sunday, April ii. 1802. Righl companies of the 
 Thirty-sixth Indiana and four companies of the Sixth Ohio were 
 formed one quarter of ;i mil.' in fronl of the Log House in sii|> 
 porl of Stone's battery, "the lefl in ;i ravine parallel with the 
 Tennessee River .-in. I having water in it." These companies par 
 lieipated in the final repulse of the Confederates Sunday night. 
 The Twentj fourth Ohio was senl one-half mil.' to the right, 
 bul did no! become engaged. After the repulse of the enemy 
 the brigade formed 300 yards in advance .mi the c.resl of the 
 bluffs of Dill Branch, whore il bivouacked Sundav night. On 
 M.>n.l;i\ ii formed line of battle with Hi.' Thirtj sixth Indiana 
 on ihr left, the Sixth Ohio on Id.' right, and Hi.' Twenty fourth 
 oino in reserve, and .-ii 5:30 a. m. crossed the ravine .-in. I ;ii s 
 • i in became engaged on the extreme lefl of the I n ion line. 
 near Tennessee River. AI aboul 11 a. m. Ammen's advance 
 was checked b? an attcmpl of Confederates to turn his left. He 
 was reinforced bj s,.,'.>n.l rowa and another regimenl and re 
 pulsr.l the attack, II.' reached Stuart's camp a1 aboul 1 p. m., 
 hui w;,s driven back, Ai 2 p. m, (his camp was again taken, 
 ihr Confederates retiring from this pari of ihr field 
 
Nineteenth Brigade. 
 
 (Hazen's.) 
 
 This brigade reached the battlefield at 9 p. m., April 6, 1862, 
 and bivouacked on the right of the division, south of the siege 
 gun battery, in the following order : Ninth Indiana on the left, 
 Sixth Kentucky on the right, and the Forty-first Ohio in reserve. 
 The brigade advanced at 5 :30 a. m., April 7, and became en- 
 gaged about 8 a. m. at Wicker field. The Ninth Indiana lost 
 heavily at the house on the north side of the Peach Orchard. 
 The brigade then advanced to the Wheat field, where a battery 
 was captured and its guns spiked by the Forty-first Ohio. This 
 advanced position was held only a few minutes, the brigade fall- 
 ing back somewhat disorganized to Wicker field, from which it 
 advanced at 2 p. m., across the west side of Peach Orchard, and 
 took position near Prentiss' headquarters. It was not again en- 
 gaged, and bivouacked there Monday night. 
 
 Twenty-second Brigade. 
 (Brace's.) 
 
 This brigade arrived at Pittsburg Landing about 6 o'clock 
 Sunday evening, April 6, 1862. It bivoucked between the Tenth 
 and Nineteenth Brigades, the Second Kentucky on the left, the 
 First Kentucky on the right, and the Twentieth Kentucky in 
 reserve. 
 
 It held the center of the division all day and was engaged in 
 a charge across the Peach Orchard, in which a battery was cap- 
 tured and lost again. At 2 p. m. the enemy retired and this 
 brigade took position on south side of Peach Orchard, where it 
 bivouacked Monday night. 
 
 Fifth Division. 
 
 (Crittenden's.) 
 
 This division, consisting of the Eleventh and Fourteenth Bri- 
 gades and Mendenhall's and Bartlett's batteries, came from 
 Savannah on boats, arriving at Pittsburg Landing during the 
 night of Sunday, April 6, 1862, and bivouacked along the Cor- 
 inth road in the rear of Nelson's division. Early Monday morn- 
 
ing it moved out and formed line in front of the camps of the 
 Thirty-second and Forty-first Illinois, joining Nelson's right, the 
 Fourteenth Brigade in front line, the Eleventh Brigade in re- 
 serve. At about 8 a. m. the division advanced and soon after 
 became engaged at the position held by Prentiss and Tuttle on 
 Sunday. Bartlett's battery on the right near the fork of the 
 eastern Corinth road was engaged until 12 noon, when it retired 
 to the Landing for ammunition. Mendenhall's battery was en- 
 gaged on Nelson's right until after noon, when it took position 
 in rear of the Fifth Division and was there engaged until the 
 close of action. 
 
 The division was engaged along the eastern Corinth road and 
 east of Duncan field about four hours, in which time both bri- 
 gades and all its regiments were repeatedly engaged. It ad- 
 vanced, capturing some guns; was repulsed and driven back to 
 the road several times. At about 2 p. m. it gained and held the 
 Hamburg and Purdy road, which ended the fighting on this 
 part of the line. It bivouacked Monday night in front of Pren- 
 tiss' camps. 
 
 Eleventh Brigade. 
 
 (Boyle's.) 
 
 This brigade formed in rear of the Fourteenth Brigade at 8 
 a. m. Monday, April 7, 1862, near Hurlbut's headquarters, in 
 the following order from left to right : Ninth Kentucky, Thir- 
 teenth Kentucky, Nineteenth Ohio, the Fifty-ninth Ohio in re- 
 serve. At about 10 a. m. it became engaged at the east side of 
 Duncan field, the Nineteenth Ohio in front of Bartlett's battery. 
 The brigade relieved the Fourteenth Brigade and w T as engaged 
 on the front line in two or three engagements, and finally took 
 position on right of the Fourteenth and held it until night. The 
 Nineteenth Ohio was at 12 m. sent to the support of Nelson's 
 division and was engaged at the Peach Orchard. 
 
 Fourteenth Brigade. 
 
 (Smith's.) 
 
 This brigade formed in front of the camps of the Thirty-sec- 
 ond and Forty-first Illinois at 8 a. m., Monday, April 7, 1862, 
 in the following order: Thirteenth Ohio on the left, Twenty- 
 sixth Kentucky on the right, and the Eleventh Kentucky in re- 
 serve. The Fourteenth Wisconsin was attached temporarily to 
 
the brigade and placed on the right of the Twenty-sixth Ken- 
 tucky. It served with the brigade all day. The brigade ad- 
 vanced, with its right on eastern Corinth road, and became 
 engaged along the sunken road, where Tuttle and Prentiss 
 fought on Sunday. It advanced through the thick brush and 
 assisted in the capture of a battery in the Wheat field, but was 
 obliged to abandon it and return to old road. In the final action 
 about 2 p. m. it captured some guns of another battery, which 
 were successfully held as trophies by the brigade. 
 
 Second Division. 
 (McCook's.) 
 
 The advance of this division, Rousseau's brigade, reached 
 Pittsburg Landing Monday morning, April 7, 1862, and took its 
 place in line of battle at 8 a. m. on Crittenden's right. Kirk's 
 brigade formed in rear of Rousseau. These brigades were joined 
 by Gibson's about noon. The advance of the division was along 
 the Corinth road to the Water Oaks Pond, where it was engaged 
 at noon. Its last engagement was at Sherman's headquarters, 
 from which point the Confederates retired from the field. 
 
 Terrill's battery belonging to this division was engaged on 
 Nelson's left until 2 p. m.. when it moved toward the right and 
 engaged a battery in McCook's front. 
 
 Fourth Brigadi . 
 
 (Rousseau 's. I 
 
 This brigade formed in line of battle on Crittenden's right 
 at 8 a. m., April 7, 1862, in front of the camp of the Third 
 Iowa, in the following order: Sixth Indiana on the left, First 
 Ohio in the center, First Battalions of Nineteenth, Fifteenth, 
 and Sixteenth United States Infantry on the right, and the 
 Fifth Kentucky in reserve. The Fifteenth Michigan was at- 
 tached temporarily to this brigade and served with it all day. 
 At 9 a. m. the brigade advanced across Tilghman Creek and 
 engaged Trabue's brigade until about 11 a. m., when Trabue 
 retired and Rousseau advanced to Woolf Field, where he found 
 fi force of Hie enemy mi ils west side. His ammunition being 
 exhausted, Rousseau retired and Kirk's brigade took his place 
 in Hie (irst line. As soon as ammunition was supplied Rousseau 
 

took position again in the front line and engaged the enemy 
 until he retired from the field. 
 
 Fifth Brigade. 
 
 (Kirk's.) 
 
 This brigade was in rear of Rousseau until about noon, when 
 it relieved that brigade and formed in front line behind the 
 Water Oaks Pond in following order: Thirty-fourth Illinois on 
 the left. Thirtieth Indiana in the center, and the Twenty-ninth 
 Indiana on the right; the Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania de- 
 tached to the left, where it was twice charged by cavalry. Later 
 in its advance the Seventy-seventh captured Colonel Battle, 
 Twentieth Tennessee. The Thirty-fourth Illinois in the first 
 advance passed directly through Water Oaks Pond. Its com- 
 mander, Major Levanway, was killed, and Colonel Kirk, com- 
 manding the brigade, was wounded. The engagement here was 
 the last effort of the Confederates to hold their line, and closed 
 the fighting for the day. 
 
 Sixth Brigade. 
 (Gibson's). 
 
 This brigade arrived upon the field about noon and joined its 
 division at Woolf field, and was at once ordered into line on 
 Kirk's left, where it became engaged at once. The Thirty-sec- 
 ond Indiana was detached and is mentioned in the reports as 
 having made a bayonet charge in front of Kirk's brigade near 
 the pond. It followed the retiring Confederates until ordered 
 to return. It failed to find its division and bivouacked by itself 
 Monday night. The other regiments of the brigade bivouacked 
 near the camp of the Fourth Illinois Cavalry. 
 
 Sixth Division. 
 (Wood's.) 
 
 This division arrived upon the field about 2 p. m. It was 
 ordered into line on Crittenden's right. When it got into posi- 
 tion the battle was about over, and only Wagner's brigade 
 became engaged, and that only for a few minutes, the Fifty-sev- 
 enth Indiana having four men wounded. The division biv- 
 ouacked in rear of the right of Prentiss ' division camps. 
 
222 
 
 The Wisconsin Shiloh Monument Commission cannot forbear 
 to call the attention of readers to the fact that it took the Con- 
 federate Army, as shown by the foregoing graphic description, 
 made clear by the accompanying map, from 4:55 a. m., April 6, 
 1862, when the battle opened on the picket line of Prentiss' divi- 
 sion, inside the three-mile circle, till 6 p. m., to push back the 
 Union forces practically to the half-mile circle from the landing, 
 where, before 6 o'clock p. m., the Union forces had established a 
 compact, unbreakable line of defence, which the Confederates 
 failed to successfully assail. 
 
 The comments made by the press agents on the conduct of the 
 troops who fought on Sunday, April 6, 1862, were outrageously 
 false and unjust to the gallant soldiers, and were a disgrace to 
 the newspaper profession, because of their untruthfulness. Why 
 high officers of the Army of the Ohio, as well as many others 
 holding inferior positions therein, deemed it proper to vilify and 
 denounce as cowards men, though not belonging to their own 
 army, but their comrades in arms, who had so valiantly con- 
 tested every foot of ground for over twelve hours, has always 
 remained a mystery, and stands today against these calumnia- 
 tors to their everlasting shame and disgrace. 
 
 There is absolutely no doubt that if the Army of the Ohio 
 had failed to arrive, the Army of the Tennessee alone, with such 
 troops as belonged to its own organization, and which joined in 
 the battle of Monday, the 7th of April, would have completely 
 defeated the Confederate army and driven it from the field in 
 utter defeat. See "Grant's Memoirs, 7 ' Vol. 1, page 286; also 
 "Sherman's Memoirs," Vol. 1. page 273. 
 
 Beautiful Monument at "Hornets' Nest," 
 Shiloh National I*arU. 
 
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Entrance to Sliiloh National Cemetery. 
 
 A Trip to Shiloh. 
 
 By Judge Jacob Fawcett. 
 
 Among the many regiments that were engaged in the historic 
 battle of Shiloh, at Pittsburg Landing. Tennessee, on April 6 
 and 7. 1862, were the Fourteenth. Sixteenth and Eighteenth 
 Regiments of Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry. These regiments 
 had all marched away from their home State less than four 
 weeks prior to the opening of that great battle. During those 
 two days of terrible fighting the losses in the three regiments 
 were: Killed, 7!); wounded, 345; missing, 203; total, 627. 
 
 The United States Government purchased the ground over 
 which the battle was fought, consisting of about 3,650 acres, and 
 established a national military cemetery and park. Numerous 
 meetings were had upon the old battlefield by soldiers and com- 
 manders of both the Union and Confederate armies, for the pur- 
 pose of locating the exact positions of the regiments, brigades, 
 and divisions of both armies at the opening of the battle, and 
 also during the various stages of the same ; and as a result, all 
 of those positions are now permanently marked by large metal 
 tablets securely riveted to metal posts set in concrete sockets. 
 The positions during the first day are marked with square tab- 
 lets, and those of the second day with oval tablets. The tablets 
 
 15 
 
for the Army of the Tennessee (Union) are painted blue, those 
 of the Army of the Ohio (Union) yellow, and those of the Army 
 of the Mississippi (Confederate) red. The dead who, after the 
 battle, had been buried on all parts of the field, were later re- 
 moved to the cemetery, which had been artistically laid out on 
 the hill overlooking Pittsburg Landing. A more beautiful 
 location could not have been selected. The view up and down 
 the now world-known Tennessee River is unobstructed for many 
 miles each way. With bluffs on one side and lowlands on the 
 other and the rapidly running river between ; with the cemetery 
 high enough to overlook them all, it is a place of enchantment 
 for the living and of assured rest for the dead. 
 
 After the Government had set apart the battlefield as a United 
 States military park, the various States in the Union began 
 erecting monuments upon the field in memory of their regiments 
 that had participated in the battle. In 1901 the Legislature of 
 Wisconsin made an appropriation for the erection of a monu- 
 ment to commemorate the deeds of valor of its regiments which 
 had taken part in the fight. This appropriation was increased 
 in 1903 to $15,000.00, to which an additional thousand was sub- 
 sequently added to cover the expense of dedication. Acting 
 under the authority given by the Legislature, Governor La Fol- 
 lette appointed Captain F. H. Magdeburg of Milwaukee. D. G. 
 James of Richland Center, R. E. Osborne of La Crosse, Adju- 
 tant D. Lloyd Jones of Milwaukee, and J. W. Baldock of 
 Chilton, to carry out the provisions of the act. The commis- 
 sioners at once entered upon the work assigned to them and dis- 
 charged their duties in such an intelligent and patriotic manner 
 that they are entitled to and will doubtless receive the unanimous 
 and hearty approval of the citizens of the great State which 
 they represented in this important work. 
 
 The monument having been completed, Governor Davidson 
 fixed upon April 7. the forty-fourth anniversary of the second 
 day's fighting at Shiloh, as the date for the dedication of the 
 monument. The commissioners saw fit, for reasons best known 
 to themselves, to invite the writer to deliver the dedicatory ora- 
 tion, and kindly invited his wife and daughter to accompany 
 him as their guests on the memorable trip to Shiloh. of which I 
 will now ;il1cni|)( to give ;i description. 
 
At 10 :45 in the evening of April 2 we boarded the Burlington 
 train for St. Louis, via Kansas City. We reached Kansas City 
 early in the morning of April 3, and after spending four hours 
 strolling around that stirring, wide-awake Western city, we took 
 the Burlington-Alton Red Flyer for "the city at the other end 
 of the bridge," as Chicago people sarcastically term the beauti- 
 ful city of St. Louis. Here we were joined by Mrs. E. R. 
 Buckley, daughter of President Magdeburg of the commission, 
 and the adopted daughter of the Fourteenth Regiment. AYed- 
 nesday morning, April 4, found our little party of four steaming 
 across the prairies of Southern Illinois for Paducah, Kentucky. 
 At Carbondale, Illinois, we were attacked by the Wisconsin dele- 
 gation, headed by President Magdeburg and Secretary James of 
 the commission, who took us bodily from our train and rushed 
 us aboard the "Wisconsin special," composed of Pullman cars 
 with a diner attached, which the Illinois Central Railroad Com- 
 pany had generously placed at the disposal of the Wisconsin 
 party. Our transfer from our regular train to the "Wisconsin 
 special" was so sudden and unceremonious that we feel safe in 
 saying that we were more surprised then than Grant was at 
 Sliiloh. The first thing we really understood and fully compre- 
 hended after the attack was when we found ourselves seated in 
 a sumptuous dining car with the jolly men and lovely women 
 of Wisconsin all about us. We proved ourselves equal to the 
 occasion, however, and immediately proceeded to demonstrate 
 the fact that the erstwhile citizens of Wisconsin who have emi- 
 grated to the great growing West are fully able to hold their 
 own in a contest of the kind that was then going on. We 
 arrived at Paducah about 3 o'clock in the afternoon, and found 
 ourselves, with our baggage, set out on the sidewalk in the sub- 
 urbs, wondering what we were there for and how we were ever 
 going to get away. In the dim distance we could see the steam- 
 boat awaiting us, but just how we were going to get that promis- 
 cuous and stupendous pile of suitcases down to the aforesaid boat, 
 to say nothing of how we were going to arrive there ourselves, 
 was a question which, for a time, seemed impossible of solution. 
 Comrade Osborne of the commission had gone ahead to make all 
 arrangements, but, not knowing of the generosity of the Illinois 
 Central Railroad Company, he had taken carriages to the main 
 depot, at which the regular train was expected to arrive, while 
 
our special had taken a short cut and landed us at another 
 depot a mile or so distant. Comrades Magdeburg and James, 
 however, proved themselves to be masters of transportation, for 
 by the aid of the telephone they soon had the palatial electric 
 cars of Paducah at our disposal. "All's well that ends well," 
 and in due time we found ourselves on board the magnificent 
 steamer "City of Saltillo," the largest and newest boat of the 
 St. Louis and Tennessee River Packet Company. The telephone 
 was again set to work, and Comrade Osborne notified of the 
 fact that we were already aboard the boat, and as soon as elec- 
 tricity could bring him aboard, he joined us, and the skillful 
 manner and ease with which he got our party of ninety-five 
 assigned to their various staterooms caused us to think that he 
 had possibly mistaken his calling and to conclude that he ought 
 to be the clerk of some big ocean liner. About 5 o'clock in the 
 evening our steamer "cast off" and began the trip up the Ten- 
 nessee River, a trip which will never be forgotten by those who 
 were fortunate enough to be numbered as members of the party. 
 A more genial, whole-souled and painstaking crew than the one 
 into whose hands we fell would be hard to find. Captain J. 
 Koger of the Confederate army, superintendent of the packet 
 company, accompanied us to see that everything possible was 
 done to make our trip enjoyable, and with the assistance of Cap- 
 tain H. N. Crane, Clerk S. C. Baker, and Steward Frank Gill, 
 our wants and slightest wishes were eared for in such a manner 
 as to secure for those officials the thanks of our entire party. 
 Our original schedule called for our arrival at Pittsburg Land- 
 ing on the morning of April 7, but on leaving Paducah the 
 officers of the boat assured us that if no bad luck befell them, 
 they would land us at our destination twenty-four hours earlier 
 than the schedule and thus enable us to spend both the 6th and 
 Till of April, the anniversary of both the first and second day's 
 fighting, upon the old battlefield. This promise they made good, 
 for when we awoke on the morning of April 6 and looked out 
 of our staterooms Ave saw, looking just as it had looked forty- 
 tour years before, the little landing on the west bank of the 
 Tennessee River where we had left our boats and marched up 
 the hill to take our places in the army of the Union. 
 
 Tlie trip up and down the river was a novel one to a great 
 many of the members of our party, as they had never seen the 
 
mate with his crew of deckhands loading and unloading- freight 
 on and off a steamboat. The deckhands were all darkies, and 
 typical ones they were, too; as jolly a lot of dogs as you would 
 see anywhere. The ease with which they carried, on shoulder 
 or head, sacks of grain or heavy pieces of freight up and down 
 the muddy banks of the river was truly wonderful. The fact 
 that they had slept on boards or gunnysacks during the night 
 did net seem to cast any damper upon their rollicking, care-free 
 dispositions. The only thing that was lacking, as compared with 
 similar scenes on the old Mississippi in earlier days, was the 
 mate's profanity. It was such a remarkable deviation from the 
 old-time rule that we sought the captain to ascertain the cause 
 of this lapse on the part of the mate. Captain Crane laughingly 
 replied that profanity was tabooed by their company; that the 
 mates on all their boats were strictly prohibited from the use of 
 profanity in any form while on duty. Early one morning, how- 
 ever, while the other officers were at breakfast, the mate made 
 use of his freedom within our hearing by applying some pretty 
 strong adjectives to a couple of darkies, who, in their mirthful- 
 ness, had knocked a sack of corn off of the shoulder of one of 
 the other men, which caused the bursting of the sack and the 
 spilling of some of the corn. Mrs. F. was rather indignant at 
 the profanity, but I confess that I thought the occasion rather 
 warranted the disregard of instructions by the mate. 
 
 The Tennessee River is navigable three hundred and sixty-five 
 days in the year. Captain Crane informed me that even when 
 the Ohio River is frozen so that teams may cross over it on the 
 ice, the Tennessee River at the wharf in Paducah is still open. 
 This must necessarily make the business of boating on the Ten- 
 nessee River more than usually lucrative. 
 
 As we passed the point where Fort Henry once stood, we were 
 surprised to learn that not a vestige of the fort remained. There 
 is absolutely nothing there, not even a landing place for boats. 
 Even so does the hand of time and the vicissitudes of business 
 obliterate what once had been an important place in the world's 
 history. 
 
 One thing impressed us greatly, viz., the little change that has 
 taken place along the banks of the Tennessee River since we 
 traversed it forty-four years ago. With the exception of John- 
 sonville and Danville, both of which are railroad towns, and a 
 
— 230 — 
 
 slighl improvement in the old town of Savannah, nine miles be- 
 low Pittsburg Landing, there were scarcely any changes to be 
 noted. We know nothing of the interior of the country along 
 the line of the river, yet we cannot but think that if this river 
 had Mowed from the north into the Ohio, instead of from the 
 south, there would he numberless thriving, hustling towns all 
 along its banks. We think that the negro is a drawback to the 
 South. In the North every man works, including "father," 
 while in the South nobody works who can hire a negro. Illus- 
 trative of this, Mrs. F. and 1 went ashore at one point and 
 walked about a quarter of a mile from the landing to what 
 appeared a prosperous farmhouse, with peach trees in bloom 
 in the orchard. On arriving there we were surprised to find 
 the house, both outside and in, together with all of its surround- 
 ings, in a most dilapidated condition. On going into the orchard 
 to gather some peach blossoms, we found two young colored 
 Iioys plowing. They had a small plow which a Wisconsin or 
 Nebraska farmer would consider a toy. To it was hitched one 
 horse. One boy was leading the horse and the other holding 
 the handles of the plow, while sitting on the grass with his back 
 up against a peach tree, listlessly whittling, was the white owner 
 of the place, a healthy, strapping man of about forty-five years 
 of age. We fear this scene is too nearly illustrative of the man- 
 ner in which all work is done in the South, and never until 
 labor has become dignified in that land, and men come to be- 
 lieve, as we do in the North, that there is honor in honest toil, 
 will the South experience anything like the general prosperity 
 and thrift that Ave have in the North. 
 
 After partaking of a hurried breakfast on the morning of the 
 6th, we were loaded by the commissioners in vehicles of all de- 
 scriptions (the best obtainable) and driven over the old battle- 
 held. How real everything seemed to us who were there in '62, 
 and how real it was made to appear to our wives and daughters, 
 who. for the first time in their lives, were walking over and 
 viewing a great battlefield. The positions of the various regi- 
 ments, brigades, and divisions, both of the Union and Oonfed- 
 eiate armies, are so accurately indicated by the metal tablets to 
 which we have already referred, that one can commence, as we 
 did in the front of Prentiss' division, where the fighting first 
 
hegan, and follow the line of fighting clear back to the last lines 
 formed by Grant on that memorable Sunday afternoon. While 
 standing viewing the Hornets' Nest and looking at the markers 
 which indicated the three lines of battle by which the Confeder- 
 ates made their assault upon that point, Mrs. F. remarked to 
 me that in imagination she could almost see the Confederate 
 columns advancing and the terrible tire from the old sunken 
 road by which they were repulsed. We looked at the spot where 
 Captain Saxe of Company A of the Sixteenth Wisconsin Avas 
 killed — the first officer on the Union side who gave up his life 
 for the Union in that great battle. In the party, as central fig- 
 ures while we viewed the spot, were Mrs. Charles W. Spaulding 
 of Chicago and Mr. Alfred J. Saxe of Aurora, Illinois, daughter 
 and son of Captain Saxe. How their minds and hearts must 
 have gone back to that time when their honored father upon 
 that very spot laid down his life for his country! Again, as we 
 stood in front of the monument and saw depicted there their 
 father as he was falling and his sword dropping from his hand, 
 they realized, as they could not have done under any other cir- 
 cumstances, the sacrifice which they, through their stricken 
 father, had made for the nation we love so well. We stood on 
 the spot where General Albert Sidney Johnston, commander-in- 
 ch ief «»f the Confederate forces, was killed. We visited the 
 bloody pond and found it there just as it was before the battle, 
 but not as it was after the battle. It covers a space of ground 
 about equal to an ordinary city block. Before the battle, as 
 when we viewed it now, the water had its natural color, but 
 after the battle it Avas red with the blood of soldiers and horses 
 who had sought its protection from the hail of lead and the heat 
 of the sun during that terrible fight. Hence its name. 
 
 The Government is preserving the old battlefield in its natural 
 state. Not a hill is being cut down or a depression filled, but 
 its exact topography is maintained, so that all coming genera- 
 tions may Avails: over this battlefield and know that it is just as 
 it Avas on the 6th and 7th days of April, 1862. The roads have 
 been thoroughly graveled, so that there are noAv tAventy-three 
 miles of good gravel road traversing this field. One hundred 
 and ten monuments have been erected by the Northern States, 
 
and one only by the South, viz., Tennessee,* which has erected 
 a very handsome monument indeed. The Government has 
 erected five mortuary monuments, one for General W. II. L. 
 Wallace, one for Colonel .Julius Raith, and one for Colonel Ever- 
 ett Peabody, all of the Union army; one for General Albert 
 Sidney Johnston and one for Brigadier General A. H. Gladden 
 of the Confederate anny. There are over four hundred histori- 
 cal tablets of iron on iron posts set in concrete sockets. Two 
 hundred bronze cannon used during the Civil War are mounted 
 at places where they fought, on cast iron carriages which are fac 
 similes of the old wooden carriages used during the battle. The 
 National Government has expended over half a million dollars 
 and the States over two hundred thousand dollars on this park 
 and cemetery. There were eighty-three camps of various kinds 
 on the ground at the beginning of the battle April 6. each of 
 which is carefully marked by an iron tablet in the form of a 
 cross section of a wall tent. In the cemetery proper there art 1 
 three thousand six hundred and seventeen graves. Of those 
 who are buried in those graves, one thousand two hundred and 
 forty are known, while two thousand three hundred and st r< nty- 
 si Vi n are unknown. Just inside of the gate as you enter the 
 cemetery from the superintendent's house is grave No. 3589, in 
 which lies Henry Burke, "the drummer boy of Shiloh." In a 
 semi-circle surrounding the flag staff in the center of the ceme- 
 tery are the graves of H. L. Thomas, Erwin Rider, L. E. Knight, 
 J. L. Holeomb, J. P. Willis and N. A. Perry, color guards, as 
 the writer is informed, of the Sixteenth Wisconsin. On one of 
 the tablets in the cemetery is written : 
 
 "The muffled drum's sad mil 1ms beat 
 The soldier's last tattoo. 
 No more on life's parade shall meet 
 That brave and fallen few." 
 
 Brave indeed they were, but not so very few. it seemed to us 
 as we viewed the row after row of stones at the heads of the 
 graves of those three thousand six hundred and seventeen brave 
 men who "no more on life's parade shall meet." 
 
 The national commissioners at the present time are Colonel 
 Cornelius Cadle, chairman, of the Army of the Tennessee; Major 
 
 Since this was written a monument has been erected for Al; 
 
J. H. Ashcraft of the Army of the Ohio, and General Basil W. 
 Duke of the Army of the Mississippi (Confederate). Major 
 D. W. Reed is the secretary and historian, while as superintend- 
 ent of the cemetery we found -Comrade George P. Dean, formerly 
 of Grand Island, Nebraska, and one of the former sheriffs of 
 Hall county. As soon as he learned that the writer was one of 
 the party, he sent us an invitation to visit him, which we lost no 
 time in doing, and one of the pleasant remembrances that Mrs. 
 F. and I will have of our trip is the visit which we had with 
 Comrade and Mrs. Dean in their cosy home on the battlefield 
 of Shiloh. Just inside the cemetery and near Comrade Dean's 
 residence is the stump of the old tree under which General 
 Grant spent that long Sunday night between the first and sec- 
 ond day's lighting. In his memoirs he says that after spending 
 a portion of the night under this tree in the beating rain, and 
 suffering from the injury to his foot which he had received a 
 few days before, he went to the house which stood near by to 
 escape the inclemency of the weather. "When he arrived there 
 lie found them bringing in the wounded, and the groans and 
 terrible suffering of the wounded were such that he left the 
 house and returned to his position under the tree, where he 
 spent the remainder of the night. The tree died and was cut 
 off about twelve or fifteen feet above the ground. Its trunk is 
 now completely covered by a beautiful ivy, from which Mr. 
 Dean cut a number of slips, which he presented to Mrs. P., and 
 which she brought home with her, hoping that she may be able 
 to have it grow, so that she may continually have with her a 
 vine from the old Grant tree at Shiloh. 
 
 We feel like going outside of the limits of this sketch at this 
 point to say a word or two in answer to the oft-repeated state- 
 ment that Grant would have been whipped at Shiloh but for 
 the arrival of General Buell with his army. Such is not the 
 fact. General Grant had the battle of Shiloh won at four 
 o'clock in the afternoon of the first day. When he told General 
 Prentiss to hold his position at the Hornets' Nest until 4 o'clock, 
 and that he would then have his lines perfectly adjusted and 
 formed, he knew what he was talking about. General Prentiss 
 made good. He not only held that position until 4 o'clock, but 
 he held it until 5:30. By 4 o'clock that afternoon General 
 Grant had his lines so formed that if neither night nor Buell 
 
had come, the result at Shiloh would have been the same which 
 history now records. General Johnston knew that the only 
 way for him to win that battle Avas to hurl his brave men, col- 
 umn after column, in a concentrated body, against Grant's scat- 
 tered divisions, hoping thereby to rush the fighting and drive 
 Grant's army into the Tennessee River. But he found himself 
 opposed to a commander who never got "rattled" and who 
 never planned a retreat, in command of an army of patriots who 
 upon enlisting to fight the battles of their country had not 
 si i idied the definition of the word defeat. Neither Grant nor 
 his men ever had any other thought that day except to win that 
 battle. The character of Grant as a commander is well shown 
 by three declarations of his made during the war, declarations 
 which, together with his record as a commander, establish the 
 fact that he was indeed the man for the emergency of the Civil 
 War. The three declarations referred to are these : First, 
 when the criticism was made that he did not have boats enough 
 at Pittsburg Landing to transport his army in case of defeat, 
 he calmly answered, "There were boats enough there to carry 
 all the men we would have had left if we had been defeated." 
 Second, that famous declaration of his, "We will fight it out on 
 this line if it takes all summer," and, third, at a council of war 
 held in his tent during the Battle of the Wilderness, his sub- 
 ordinate officers had all been discussing the best plan of retreat. 
 Grant sat smoking and saying nothing. After each one had 
 given his ideas, one of them turned to. Grant and said, "General 
 Grant has not yet given his idea as to the best plan of retreat." 
 Grant quietly removed his cigar from his mouth and answered, 
 "Gentlemen, I have not given up whipping them yet." He 
 then gave each of his subordinate commanders their instructions 
 for a forward movement the next morning, and history tells us 
 how the Battle of the Wilderness terminated. These remarks 
 by General Grant reveal the character of the man. He had un- 
 bounded confidence in his men and an abiding faith in himself. 
 He was a born commander. A master of the science of war and 
 a true American, who thought of his country's success only, 
 leaving his own personal interests to take care of themselves. 
 With such a man in command of such an army, there was no 
 such thing as defeat. He never suffered defeat in any battle 
 where he was in command, and there never was a moment dur- 
 
ing that figb.1 at Shiloh on Sunday when he was not sure of 
 victory. In making these statements. I do not for one moment 
 wish to be understood as attempting to detract one iota from 
 the reputation of General Buell or the magnificent army under 
 his command. As soon as they arrived upon the field they 
 were ready to, and did, take their places on the firing line, and 
 during the second day did their full share of the fighting. 1 
 have said what I have simply in vindication of my old friend 
 and commander, General Grant, one of the grandest men this 
 nation has ever produced and one of the greatest commanders 
 the world has ever known. To him, and to him alone, belongs 
 the glory of marshaling his untrained recruits in the face of an 
 apparently resistless enemy, attacking him in a manner which 
 gave them every advantage over him, and so calmly, steadily, 
 bravely and skilfully handling those recruits as to turn what 
 would have been crushing defeat to almost any other commander 
 into a glorious victory for the Union. 
 
 After a most interesting day spent on the battlefield, we all 
 returned to the boat and started for an evening trip further up 
 the river. At Eastport, .Mississippi, and Riverton, Alabama, 
 lengthy stops were made to enable the party to go ashore and 
 set foot on the soil of those two Southern States. This was the 
 farthest south that many of our party had ever been, and made 
 a total of eight States covered by our trip. After our party 
 had retired for the night, the boat steamed back down the river, 
 and on rising next morning we found ourselves again at Pitts- 
 burg Landing, ready for the exercises of the second day. 
 
 April 7, the day se1 apart for the dedicatory exercises, was 
 ideal. The air was balmy and a light, filmy cloud shielded us 
 from the rays of the sun. As soon as breakfast was over we 
 went ashore and formed in line for the march to the monument. 
 Comrades H. J. Smith of Racine and Thomas Steele of Depere, 
 each carrying a beautiful United States Hag. headed the pro- 
 cession. Marching between them, the proudest "man" of the 
 three, was the young son of Comrade W. H. Pier of Richland 
 Center, Wisconsin, a bright little fellow about six years of age. 
 It was interesting to watch this sturdy young son of a veteran 
 keep his place in line during the march of a mile and a halt' 
 to the monument. We thought as we saw him marching along 
 between the color-hearers, with his head erect and ever and anon 
 
proudly Looking up at Old Glory, that here was a true son of a 
 worthy sire, and a genuine type of the real American hoy. May 
 he live long to horn r the old rla.u 1 under which he so proudly 
 marched that April morning. The column of old soldiers, many 
 of whom have passed that period in life when they are ahle to 
 "keep step" or to "take the position of a soldier," but whose 
 eyes still shine with the loyalty and enthusiasm of former days, 
 was "followed by the ladies of the party and people from the 
 surrounding country in carriages and wagons and on horseback, 
 all seeming imbued with the true spirit of the occasion which 
 had called them together. As we marched along we met the 
 people coming from all directions in carriages, buggies, wagons, 
 on horseback, muleback, and on foot. While many of the turn- 
 outs were good and up to date, some of them were crude indeed ; 
 in fact, they were of that ancient type which carried us back to 
 the days "before the war." But, however crude the vehicles 
 which carried them, the people impressed us with the conviction 
 that they were loyal citizens of our reunited nation. Their de- 
 meanor during the exercises, and indeed throughout the entire 
 day, indicated that they had not come from idle curiosity alone, 
 but that they had come to aid in showing their respect for the 
 brave men whose death in the battle fought upon that field so 
 many years ago had resulted in the exercises that day held. In 
 spirit we clasp hands with them all and extend to them a sol- 
 dier's greeting and a hearty wish that the years to come which 
 they spend in the sunny Southland may be years of happiness 
 and prosperity. 
 
 The monument is one of the most beautiful on the field. Its 
 total height is fourteen feet four inches. Each figure in the 
 bronze design is seven feet in height. There is a double stone 
 base, upon which rests the dais, which is nine feet four inches 
 wide, seven feet eight inches deep and six feet high. Each of 
 the four faces of the dais has an inlaid bronze panel. On one 
 of the panels is the coat-of-arms of the State of Wisconsin ; an- 
 other represents the Fourteenth Wisconsin capturing a battery; 
 the third represents the opening of the fight by the Sixteenth 
 Wisconsin on the picket line, and shows Captain Saxe just as 
 he is falling after being killed by the fire of the enemy, with his 
 sword dropping from his hand; the fourth shows the Eighteenth 
 Wisconsin at the Hornets' Nest. The Hornets' Nest was the 
 
hottest and most deadly fought portion of the field. The Six- 
 teenth and Eighteenth Wisconsin both participated in that 
 deadly struggle. Surmounting the dais is the main design of 
 the monument in bronze. It represents Victory in the form of 
 a chaste and beautiful woman, who, with one hand, is holding 
 aloft the flag, with its shattered staff, while with the other she 
 supports the form of the stricken color sergeant who has carried 
 it through the thick of the fight, and who now presses his hand 
 upon the death wound near his heart as if to stay the hand of 
 death long enough for him to see and realize that the battle has 
 been won, and that the flag for which he is giving up his life 
 is waving in triumph over his head. It is a beautiful design, 
 and is perfectly executed. No citizen of Wisconsin who ever 
 visits the battlefield of Shiloh in the future will have any occa- 
 sion to be ashamed of the magnificent monument erected by his 
 State. May our loyalty to the Government for which the men 
 thus remembered laid down their lives be as enduring as the 
 granite and bronze of this beautiful monument. Promptly at 
 the hour set — 9 :30 in the forenoon of the 7th — Captain Magde- 
 burg stepped to the front of the platform and called upon Eev. 
 W. D. Dunn, pastor of Shiloh Church, to open the exercises 
 with prayer. The invocation of the reverend gentleman was full 
 of earnestness and evident patriotism. The next number on the 
 printed program was "Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean," by 
 the Savannah Military Band. But the band repeated the his- 
 tory of that day forty-four years before by failing to make the 
 trip from Savannah to Shiloh on time ; with less serious results, 
 however, for Miss Lucile Strang, niece of Secretary James, was 
 on the platform, and, in emulation of her energetic uncle, who 
 is always ready to fill a gap, she came to our rescue and sang 
 the "Red, White and Blue." General J. H. Stibbs of Chicago 
 then recited James Whitcomb Riley's poem, "Old Glory," in a 
 manner which caused every patriotic heart to swell with pride 
 for the old flag. The next number was the "Battle Hymn of 
 the Republic," sung by Mrs. E. R. Buckley, daughter of Cap- 
 tain Magdeburg. Next came the dedicatory address by the 
 writer. Upon that I have no comment to make, except that I 
 profoundly appreciate the many kind words in reference thereto 
 spoken to me by the members of our party and the numerous 
 letters of like import which I have received from them since my 
 
return home. I shall carefully preserve those letters to gladden 
 my heart by re-reading them when old age shall have retired me 
 from the activities of life, should an all-wise Providence so 
 "lengthen out my days/' During the delivery of the address 
 the Savannah Military Band arrived upon the scene, and, after 
 we had concluded, played "Dixie." We are happy to say that 
 the playing of that Southern air was very differently received 
 by us of the North than it would have been had any band at- 
 tempted to play it on that ground forty-four years before. We 
 were then favord with "Decoration Day on the Place," by Gen- 
 eral Stibbs, another of James Whitcomb Riley's Gems. Our 
 daughter, Alice, then sang "Tenting Tonight on the Old Camp 
 Ground," the audience of a thousand people joining in the 
 chorus, after which Comrade G. S. Martin of the Eighteenth 
 Wisconsin recited an original poem written for the occasion, 
 which was received with great satisfaction by the audience, and 
 which reflected unusual credit upon the author. Then came the 
 formal part of the transfer of the monument by Captain F. H. 
 Magdeburg, president of the commission, who, in well chosen 
 words and in a manner well suited to the occasion, formally 
 transferred the monument to the State of Wisconsin. After the 
 Savannah Military Band had rendered the "Star-Spangled Ban- 
 ner," Governor James 0. Davidson of Wisconsin, on behalf of 
 the State, accepted the monument from the commission, and in 
 a patriotic and able address presented the same to the United 
 States Government. The acceptance of the monument on behalf 
 of the Government was made by Colonel Cornelius Cadle, who 
 had been specially selected by the Secretary of War to represent 
 him on that occasion. Then followed an address by General 
 Basil W. Duke of the Confederate army. We feel that it were 
 well worth a trip to Shiloh to listen to that address by General 
 Duke. It was extemporaneous, and came straight from the 
 heart. There was no sycophancy whatever in his utterances, but 
 in a straightforward and manly way he gave us the Southern 
 view of the Civil War and its results. After declaring, what 
 we of the North have always conceded, that they (the South) 
 were sincere in their belief that they were right, he further 
 claimed, what many good lawyers of the North have admitted, 
 that constitutionally they were right. Tie maintained that the 
 States having voluntarily come together, they constituted a con- 
 
— 241 — 
 
 federaey of States from which any one had a perfect right, 
 whenever it so desired, to withdraw; but he said that, looking 
 at it from the standpoint of the country at large, they were 
 wrong, and we were right; that if they had succeeded in estab- 
 lishing the precedent which they sought to establish, by with- 
 drawing from the Union, other States would have had an equal 
 light to do so, and their own States would have had the same 
 right to withdraw from their confederacy; and as a result, in- 
 stead of having today this great nation of which we are all so 
 proud, and which stands as the foremost nation of the world, 
 there might have been a large number of petty governments 
 within our present boundaries, which would have made our pres- 
 ent greatness impossible. Therefore, he said he was glad that 
 we had been successful in our efforts to preserve the Union, and 
 that the people of the South would lay down their lives today 
 for the old flag as willingly and loyally as would the people of 
 the North. The general is a ready and fluent speaker, and 
 seemed, on that occasion, to be in one of his best moods. "We 
 were all delighted with his address. 
 
 At the conclusion of General Duke's address, the entire audi- 
 ence rose and joined in singing "America,"' after which Pastor 
 Dunn pronounced the benediction. This closed the exercises, 
 and the dedication of "Wisconsin's monument to its honored 
 dead at Shiloh had passed into history. 
 
 Tin- singing of the ladies was a feature of the exercises. They 
 all three seemed to catch the spirit of the occasion, and their 
 sweet voices Avon the hearts of the old veterans and the hearty 
 approval of all. 
 
 There wore a goodly number of ex-Confederate veterans on 
 the ground, and the cordial manner in which the blue and the 
 gray greeted each other and discussed the battle conclusively 
 verified the statement Ave have often made, that, so far as the 
 men Avho fought on both sides of the Civil War are concerned, 
 that Avar is over and has left no animosities in its Avake. After 
 the exercises Avere over an old Southerner came up to me and 
 greeted me with : "Well, I see you Avere in Prentiss' division." 
 I said: "Yes, I Avas there." He replied: "Well, I Avas there, 
 too. on the other side." I said: "Maybe you are the son of a 
 gun Avho shot me." He laughed heartily and ansAA^ered : "I 
 shouldn't wonder, for I Avas trying hard enough to shoot some 
 
242 
 
 of. vim fellows at that time." You can well imagine that my 
 visit with my old-time enemy was not marred by any bitterness 
 on either side. Colonel Cadle related another circumstance to 
 me which goes to show that the war is over and that the people 
 of the South have accepted its solution of the questions which 
 then divided us. He said: "Every year since we have had 
 charge of the cemetery we have decorated the graves of both the 
 Union and Confederate soldiers. For a number of years we 
 planted at the head of each Union soldier a little flag. We had 
 always felt that we would like to do the same with the graves 
 of the Confederates. Three years ago I took the matter up with 
 a number of the citizens and ex-Confederates, and told them 
 what we would like to do. They were pleased with the sugges- 
 tion and said to me, 'Go ahead and do it, colonel. It will please 
 our people very much, for we want to say to you that if those 
 men Avere alive today they would be just as loyal to and fight 
 just as quick for the old flag as would the men of the North.' 
 Since then, on Memorial Day we plant a flag at the head of 
 every grave in the park, whether the occupant wore the Union 
 blue or the Confederate gray." During the afternoon follow- 
 ing the dedicatory exercises of the morning the Confederate 
 veterans held a reunion in Shiloh Church. The Misses Ada and 
 Vi<la -laiues. Miss Keys and our daughter, learning of the re- 
 union, drove out to the church. As soon as they entered, the 
 chairman of the meeting suspended proceedings and, recogniz- 
 ing our daughter as one of the ladies who had sung in the 
 morning, stepped up and gave her a cordial greeting, which 
 greeting was extended by himself and the other Confederates 
 to the visting party of young ladies. Captain Norcross of 
 Janesville, Wisconsin, with a party of Union veterans (whose 
 names I do not now recall) had preceded the ladies to the 
 church, and were mingling with the "Johnnies" with as much 
 freedom and enthusiasm as they would have manifested at a 
 reunion of "Yanks" in Wisconsin. The meeting then reopened, 
 and Captain Norcross was invited to address them, which he did 
 in his customary happy and eloquent vein. These incidents 
 formed some of the pleasing features of our visit, and inspired 
 us with a firm conviction that there is now no North nor South, 
 but that we are one in our love for and devotion to the princi- 
 ples of our National Union. 
 
— 243 
 
At 6 o'clock that evening the cables were loosed, the gang- 
 plank raised, the prow of our noble steamer turned toward the 
 north, and we started on our homeward journey. As the boat 
 sped away, we stood and took one last, long, lingering look at 
 the field which in 1862 was the scene of death and carnage, but 
 which in 1906 had, by the softening influence of time and the 
 fostering care of the National Government, been the scene of 
 patriotic retrospect and joyous thanksgiving at the thought that 
 the brave men who had died there had not died in vain. 
 
 At Savannah, nine miles below Pittsburg Landing, our 
 steamer landed, and we all went ashore, where we visited "the 
 Cherry mansion," which was General Grant's headquarters up 
 to the commencement of the battle. We also stood upon the 
 bank of the river at the spot where Governor Harvey was 
 drowned. As we stood there, our hearts went out in gratitude 
 to that noble patriot, who lost his life while trying to do every- 
 thing in his power to ameliorate the condition of his brave boys 
 who had suffered in that terrible battle. The river will ever 
 flow on to the sea. There is no spot in it to indicate where he 
 went down, but our faith in the gratitude of the people of Wis- 
 consin is such that we believe his memory will never cease to 
 be cherished until those waters cease to flow, which will be at 
 the end of time. 
 
 After leaving Savannah, we learned that Mr. and Mrs. R. D. 
 Morrow of Danville, Tennessee, were aboard. Mrs. Morrow, 
 then a little girl of eight years, lived at Savannah during the 
 war. At a campfire held in the saloon of the boat the next 
 evening, Mr. and Mrs. Morrow were called upon to address us, 
 and each responded in a manner very pleasing to our party. 
 The fluency and tact with which Mrs. Morrow entertained us 
 with a description of her experiences during the war stamped 
 her as a woman of much more than average ability and attain- 
 ments. If she lived in Omaha, she would certainly be a star 
 member of our woman's club. Her father, while born and 
 raised a Southern man, was thoroughly Union in his sentiments. 
 He was also opposed to slavery. She told us why. She said 
 that his mother had died when he was a babe and that he had 
 been really raised by a colored "mammy." When he was a 
 little boy some six or seven years old, his father, at the demand 
 of his second wife, who was jealous of the little boy's love for 
 
— 246 — 
 
 his colored "mammy," sold the faithful colored woman, and 
 as she was torn away from the little hoy, he then and there, 
 child as he was, declared that when he grew to be a man he 
 would do everything' in his power to abolish slavery and make 
 it impossible to sell human beings. This resolve grew with his 
 growth and strengthened with his strength, and when the 
 crucial hour of '61 arrived, he left his home and family and 
 sought the Union lines, where he enlisted as a Union soldier and 
 fought the battle of freedom to its finish. 
 
 Our days on the boat passed pleasantly indeed. Tt was in- 
 teresting to view the changing scenery along the river banks 
 and to study the people, white and black, assembled at the land- 
 ings where we stopped to put off or take on freight. There were 
 many little diversions. At the first peep of day one morning 
 Ave were aroused by the vigorous crowing of a lusty cock. "We 
 supposed we were at some landing, but on looking out of our 
 stateroom window Ave found that our boat was ploughing away 
 in the middle of the channel. It seems that during the night 
 they had taken on a shipment of chickens at one of the landings. 
 The dampness of the morning — for it was raining hard — did not 
 seem to dampen the enthusiasm of old chanticleer, for he 
 sounded his note of welcome to the coming day with as much 
 assurance and enthusiasm as if he had been perched upon the 
 fence in his old-time barnyard. At one landing where we 
 stopped the steward told us that they were going to take on a 
 consignment of hogs. As the gangplank was lowered Ave won- 
 dered how they were going to get those' stubborn animals aboard, 
 for the only '•rooters" Ave could see were a couple of dozen in 
 a pen a distance of about fifty yards up the incline from the 
 landing. The gangplank had no sooner been loAvered, however, 
 than a dozen deckhands rushed up the hill, grabbed hold 
 of the pigpen and slid the pen. pigs, and all down the bill 
 to the boat, where they were unceremoniously, but with great 
 shouting and demonstrations on the part of the darkies, rushed 
 aboard the boat. It was the first time any of us had seen hogs 
 taken to market in moving pens, and caused no little diversion 
 to the members of our party. The feature of our trip, so far as 
 life aboard the boat was concerned, was the eampfire or miscel- 
 laneous entertainment by the members of the party each even- 
 ing. Our party consisted of Indies and gentlemen from various 
 
parts of the State, to which were added the Stibbs-Spaulding- 
 Saxe delegation from Chicago, our own party from Omaha, and 
 last, but not least, Mrs. E. R. Buckley, from Missouri. To 
 which I must also add Steward Frank Gill, all bright, intelli- 
 gent, cultured people of varied accomplishments, so that we 
 were able each evening to give a program of oratory, declama- 
 tion, song, and darky preaching which would have entertained 
 any audience anywhere. General Stibbs is a regular recitation 
 magazine gun ; and, notwithstanding the fact that he was called 
 into action day after day and time after time, we never found 
 his magazine empty. He is "a whole show" all by himself. 
 He had a worthy competitor in the party in the person of Mrs. 
 Alfred J. Saxe, who escaped a strenuous life aboard ship only 
 by concealing her talent until a late hour the last evening. 
 Then there was Captain Norcross. The eloquence of that 
 youngster was a thing to be both admired and remembered. 
 His response to the address of Mrs. Morrow was so appropriate 
 and captivating that that delightful little lady embra — no, 
 almost embraced him. Seriously, our party was charmed with 
 his talks. But the star number was a darky sermon by that 
 eminent divine, Frank Gill — he of the culinary department. 
 This religious effort on the part of "Brother" Gill so exhausted 
 him that he was compelled to at once repair to Major Ashcraft's 
 room for *' recuperation." On Sunday morning during our 
 return trip we all gathered in the saloon of the boat, and re- 
 ligious services were conducted -by Rev. Samuel G. Ruegg, a 
 Congregational clergyman from Stockbridge, Wisconsin, who 
 favored us with a most excellent sermon. The entire party par- 
 ticipated in the exercises with as much earnestness and sincerity 
 as any in which they had ever taken part in their home churches. 
 We arrived at Paducah Monday morning, April 9. Here the 
 Wisconsin party were to leave the boat and take the train for 
 home. Mrs. F. and daughter and I concluded that we would 
 remain on the boat until it reached St. Louis; so we went ashore 
 with the Wisconsin party and accompanied them to their depot, 
 remaining with them until the whistle of our boat admonished 
 us that it was time to go aboard. We then bade them a reluc- 
 tant good-bye. Our six days' association on the boat had drawn 
 us very closely together. So much so that we felt like a great 
 family of brothers and sisters. It seemed to us that we had 
 
— 250 — 
 
 always been together and that we ought never to separate. But 
 we had come to the parting of the ways. Our "trails" led in 
 different directions. Theirs toward the north pole, ours toward 
 the setting sun. But, however widely our pathways through 
 life may separate us in the body, our hearts will always have 
 the same fraternal beat, and in spirit we will ever be one; and, 
 however much of the past may, by the vicissitudes of life, be 
 driven from our memory, they can never efface our remembrance 
 of our trip to Shiloh. 
 
 When we returned to the boat, it seemed so lonesome and for- 
 lorn that the only thing I can compare it with is returning to 
 the home after a funeral. We were so utterly lonesome that, 
 four hours later, when the boat reached Cairo, we took our grips 
 and went ashore and boarded the train for home. We believe 
 the officers of the boat were sorry when "the Wisconsin party" 
 were compelled to leave them. They said to me that it was the 
 most enjoyable party they had ever taken up the river, and they 
 had taken a good many. 
 
 In conclusion, let me say one more word as to the commis- 
 sioners. We do not believe it would have been possible in the 
 entire State of Wisconsin to have found any gentlemen who 
 could have better performed the arduous duties which devolved 
 upon these commissioners from the time of their appointment to 
 the conclusion of the exercises and the separation of the party. 
 Each of the four commissioners with us seemed bent upon doing 
 everything in his power to work for the general good and to 
 make the affair a success which would he a credit to their State. 
 Our only regret is that Commissioner D. Lloyd Jones received 
 his final discharge and went to "the great beyond" a little over 
 a year ago. We w T ish he could have been with us to witness the 
 successful culmination of the efforts of the commission of which. 
 up to the time of his death, he had been secretary. He was ad- 
 jutant of our regiment, and I would have been glad indeed to 
 grasp his hand once more and to have again renewed the friend- 
 ship of '61 to '6."). But it was ordained otherwise; and to that 
 Will which so ordained we all must reverently bow. Governor 
 Davidson and his charming wife were a royal and respected 
 addition to our party. We are glad of the opportunity to have 
 made their acquaintance. We were impressed with the fact 
 1hat Ihe Governor is an honest, honorable, and true man, and 
 
Ave sincerely hope that the people of our old State will, at the 
 coming election, give him all credit for the honest and able 
 administration which we are sure he is giving them as governor 
 by succession, by making him their governor by election. 
 
 As we look back over those six days spent together, and, in 
 our minds, look again into the faces of that jolly and loyal 
 party from Wisconsin, we feel constrained to say that they were 
 a royal lot of people, among whom there were no cranks or 
 kickers to mar the pleasure of the trip, and that there was not 
 one in the party whose hand we would not gladly grasp again, 
 or whom Ave would not cheerfully Avelcome to our Omaha home. 
 There Avas, therefore, nothing to cause us to regret, but every- 
 thing to make us ever remember with genuine pleasure our 
 ''trip to Shiloh." 
 
 Rhea Springs. Shiloh National .Military Park. 
 
Resolutions Adopted by the Excursionists on Board of 
 Steamer City of Saltillo. 
 
 We, the members of the Wisconsin Shiloh Monument dedica- 
 tion party, attending the unveiling of Wisconsin's monument 
 on the battlefield of Shiloh, unanimously declare : 
 
 That April 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 will always be red letter days 
 in our lives, which not even the assaults of time can efface. 
 
 That the friendships which we have formed on this trip will 
 ever be prized by us as the most enjoyable and valuable that 
 we have ever formed. 
 
 That Captain F. H. Magdeburg, president; D. G. James, sec- 
 retary; Rockwell E. Osborne and J. W. Baldock, members of 
 the Wisconsin Shiloh Monument Commission, have performed 
 their arduous duties as commissioners in a manner which has 
 never been excelled, and which will receive the commendation 
 and hearty approval of the citizens of the grand old State of 
 AVisconsin. 
 
 That the commissioners are requested to extend to the officials 
 of the Illinois Central Railroad Company our hearty thanks for 
 the many courtesies extended to us by them on our trip from 
 Chicago and St. Louis to Paducah. 
 
 That the St. Louis and Tennessee River Packet Company is 
 one of the best transportation companies we have ever known, 
 and that Superintendent J. Koger, Captain H. N. Crane, Clerk 
 S. C. Baker and Steward Frank Gill are worthy officials of that 
 splendid company. That they and their subordinates have, by 
 their uniform courtesy and gentlemanly treatment, made our 
 six days' trip on the good steamer "City of Saltillo" one con- 
 tinuous period of enjoyment. 
 
 That we will never forget the forty-fourth anniversary of the 
 battle of Shiloh, nor the brave boys who fell on that historic 
 field. 
 
 That we pledge anew our loyalty and devotion to our nation, 
 our State and our honored dead, and, as we separate to travel 
 again our different pathways through life, we will take with us 
 pleasant recollections and loving thoughts of our "Trip to* 
 Shiloh." 
 
 Jacob Fawcett, President. 
 Pliny Norcross. Secretary.. 
 
The following Officials and Comrades with their Wives 
 
 and Children were Members of the Excursion to 
 
 Pittsburg Landing and Participated in the 
 
 Dedicatory Services on the Battle 
 
 Field, April 7,1906. 
 
 NATIONAL COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 Col. < !ornelius Cadle < 'iiu-iiin.it i. < >. 
 
 Major J. H. Ashcraft Paducah, Ky. 
 
 General Basil W. Duke Louisville, Ky. 
 
 .Major D. W. I teed Pittsburg Lauding, Tenn. 
 
 Captain James W. Irwin Savannah. Tenn. 
 
 WISCONSIN OFFICIALS. 
 
 Governor James O. Davidson Madison, Wis. 
 
 Colonel John G. Salsman Madison, Wis. 
 
 General Joshua Hoclgins Marinette, Wis. 
 
 Colonel Isaac Watson Stephenson Marinette, Wis. 
 
 WISCONSIN COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 Capt. F. II. Magdeburg Milwaukee. Wis. 
 
 R. E. Osborne La Crosse, Wis. 
 
 D. G. James Richland Center, Wis. 
 
 J. W. Baldock Chilton. Wis. 
 
 COMRADES AND FRIENDS. 
 
 Mrs. J. W. Baldock Chilton, Wis. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Chas. M. Beattie Antigo, Wis. 
 
 Mr. J. E. Blackwood Yppleton. Wis. 
 
 Miss Ada B. Briggs Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 Mr. William Buchanan Yppleton, Wis. 
 
 Mrs . Grace E . Magdeburg Buckley Rolla , Mo . 
 
 Mrs. Cornelia K. Davey Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Mrs. James O. Davidson Madison. Wis. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. C. G. Dreutzer Wauwatosa, Wis. 
 
 Miss Ruth A. Dreutzer Wauwatosa, Wis. 
 
 Judge and Mrs. Jacob Fawcett Omaha, Neb. 
 
 Miss Alice M. Fawcett Omaha, Neb. 
 
 Capt. George W. Graves Berlin. Wis. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. W. IT. Grinnell Beloit, Wis. 
 
 Miss Ada L. James Richland ( Jenter, Wis. 
 
 Mr. Norman L. .Tames Richland ( "enter. Wis. 
 
 Miss Vida L. James Richland Center. Wis. 
 
 Mr. J. H. Jones Waupaca . Wis. 
 
 Mr. Merritt L. Jones Wausau, Wis. 
 
 Mr. J. G. .Towers Olive Hill. Tenn. 
 
 Mr. W. H. Kaer Metropolis. 111. 
 
 Miss Oda C. Keys Richland Center, Wis. 
 
 Mr. P. W. Kilwine Brodhead, Wis. 
 
 Capt. James Koger, C. S. A Paducah, Ky. 
 
 Dr. David LaCount Wausau, Wis. 
 
Miss Lora M. LeHew Richland Center, Wis. 
 
 Mr. E. C. McFetridge Beaver Dam, Wis. 
 
 Mr. George B. McMillan Grand Rapids, Wis. 
 
 Mr. G. S. Martin Madison, Wis. 
 
 Mr. John H. Moore Horicon, Wis. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. R. D. Morrow Danville, Tenn. 
 
 Mrs. O. G. Munson » Viroqua, Wis. 
 
 Lieut. W. D. Niles Necedah, Wis. 
 
 Capt. Pliny Norcross Janesville, Wis. 
 
 Mr. Theo. Orphal Hilbert, Wis. 
 
 Mr. .and Mrs. H. C. Phelps Cape Girardeau, Mo. 
 
 Mr. H. C. Phelps, Jr Cape Girardeau, Mo. 
 
 Mr. William H. Pier Richland Center, Wis. 
 
 Master McKay Pier Richland Center, Wis. 
 
 Capt. T. S. Rogers Downers Grove, 111. 
 
 Rev. Samuel G. Ruegg Stockbridge, Wis. 
 
 Mrs. John G. Salsman Madison, Wis. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. A. J. Saxe Aurora, 111. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. H. J. Smith Racine, Wis. 
 
 Capt. E. R. Soper Emmetsburg, la. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Charles W. Spaulding Chicago, 111 . 
 
 Mr . and Mrs . Thomas Steele Depere , Wis . 
 
 General and Mrs. J. H. Stibbs Chicago, 111. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. G. H. Strang Richland Center. Wis. 
 
 Miss Lucile Strang Richland Center, Wis. 
 
 Mr. Ezra H. Stnart Brodhead, Wis. 
 
 Mr . Frank Tesch Chilton , Wis . 
 
 Mr. Fred Ties Brodhead, Wis . 
 
 Mr . Lewis L . Trexel Neshkoro , Wis . 
 
 Mr. Richard Trexel Neshkoro, Wis . 
 
 Mr. Thomas Turriff Depere, Wis . 
 
 Capt. D. F. Vail St. Paul. Minn. 
 
 Miss Margery Waldo Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 Mr. Thomas L. Wallace Metropolis. 111. 
 
 Mr . James C . Watson Berlin , Wis . 
 
 Mr. E. E. Williams Beaver Dam. Wis. 
 
 STKAMKR "CITY OF SALTILLO." 
 H. X. Crane. Capt. S. C. Baker, Clerk. Frank Gill. Steward. 
 
H 91 80 I 
 
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