o n > pi O o ^ «-^ tin ;. > O - P w . . > i-" CI2 o pi I— I hj H I— I O '^ O K I— I o ORIGINAL NARRATIVES OF EARLY AMERICAN HISTORY NARRATIVES OF EARLY CAROLINA 1650—1708 EDITED BY ALEXANDER S. SALLEY, Jr. SECRETARY OF THE HISTORICAL COMMISSION OF SOUTH CAROLINA WITH TWO MAPS AND A FACSIMILE CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS NEW YORK 1911 o U COPYRIGHT, 191 1, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER's SONS Published April, 191 i % ^^ Hi A ') •■■i I'. A 5? (-1 / ?/ NOTE ^^_. With the assistance of Mr. Salley, the general editor makes the following comments upon the maps reproduced in this volume: The " Generall Mapp of Carolina," used as frontispiece, is re- produced from the somewhat larger map (8| by 6 inches) which appeared in the first volume of Richard Blome's Description of the Island of Jamaica, with the Other Islands and Territories in America, to which the English are Related (London, 1672). It will be ob- served that it is adorned with the eight coats of arms of the propri- etors. Of these Mr. Salley says that they "are almost heraldically correct, but several of the proprietors quartered their family arms with those of other sides of the respective houses, and their seal of the province, containing their eight coats of arms, displays these (Uarterings." The map extends from Cape Henry in Virginia to some distance down the coast of Georgia, perhaps as far as the A tamaha. The portion of it relating to North Carolina may be compar'^^^ with the John White map of 1585 or 1586, printed in the volume of this series entitled Early English and French Voyages, page 248. The map as a whole reflects the imperfect knowledge available in London at the time when it was made. It will be seen that the compiler has fallen into marked confusion of mind respecting the position of Charles Town. The first settlement of that name had been located some twenty or thirty miles up the Cape Fear River. The Charles Town founded in 1670 was placed on the west side of Ashley River and before long transferred to the present position between the Ashley and Cooper Rivers. Blome's map indicates "Ashly Riv." near his Charles Town but gives the latter a position near Cape Fear and not far from the old site on the Cape Fear River. The proper position of the name Ashley would be against the river lying between "C. Romano" and "R. Grandy" (the North Edisto). Another point deserving attention is that Charles VI NOTE Fort, the short-lived Huguenot establishment, is set on a large island east of "S. Hellen's," the two islands being of about the same size; whereas, as has been explained in one of Mr. Salley's foot-notes, St. Helena is a large island east of Broad River, while Charles Fort was on a small island formed by Broad River, Port Royal River, and Pilot Creek, lying southwesterly from St. Helena. The plan of Charles Town is reproduced, in the same size as the original, from an engraving by James Akin, in the second volume of Ramsay's History of South Carolina (Charleston, 1809). The plan is indicated by Dr. Ramsay as taken " from a survey of Edward Crisp in 1704." The original cannot now be found. It is perhaps identical with a map which Dr. Ramsay describes in his History (II. 262) as having been preserved among the papers of the distinguished family of Prioleau. Some doubt surrounds the origin of the map. Mr. Salley finds a record in South Carolina, of date 1716, reciting a grant that had previously been made to Edward Crisp of London, but finds nothing further to identify him with South Carolina. He signalizes two errors of fact in the "References" which are placed beneath the map. N is marked as Keating L. Smith's Bridge (wharf). There was no Keating L. Smith at that time; the owner was Keating Lewis. W is indicated as the scene of the first rice patch in Carolina; but Mr. Salley con- siders this to have no historical foundation. In general, however, the plan is correct. It may be compared with one by Herman Moll which constitutes a side map to his Map of the Dominions of the King of Great Britain in America, 1715. In Dr. J. L. E. W. Shecut's Medical and Philosophical Essays (Charleston, 1819), there is a chapter (pp. 1-14) " Of the original Topography of Charleston," which follows the lines of this Ramsay map, with explanations, and identifications of its landmarks with those of the author's time. J. F. J. CONTENTS NARRATIVES OF EARLY CAROLINA Edited by Alexander S. Salley, Jr. '^ PAGE The Discovery op New Brittaine, 1650 1 Introduction 3 Prefaces 5 Sir Walter Raleigh's Observation 7 Departure of Expedition 8 Arrival at the Meherrin Town 10 Passage of the Meherrin River 12 Tale of Powhatan's Treachery 14 Journey down the Roanoke River 15 Return Journey 17 Francis Yeardley's Narrative of Excursions into Carolina, 1654 21 Introduction 23 The Young Fur-trader's Expedition 25 The Indians visit Yeardley's House 26 Tales of the Tuscaroras 27 A Relation of a Discovery, by William Hilton, 1664 . . .31 Introduction . . . . . . •* 33 handiaW oi the Adventure . . . 37 Exploration of the Combahee River 38 Recovery of the English Prisoners 39 Correspondence with the Spaniards 42 Exploration of Port Royal and its Neighborhood .... 43 Of Cape Fear River 45 Of Hilton's River 48 Reprisals on the Indians 50 New England Men disparage the Country 53 Correspondence with the Spaniards 53 Proposals to the First Settlers 57 A Brief Description op the Province op Carolina, by Robert HoRNE (■?), 1666 63 Introduction 65 General Description of Carolina 66 vii via CONTENTS PAGE Particular Description of Cape Fear Region 67 Productions of Earth, Water, and Air 68 Privileges to Settlers .71 A Relation of a Voyage on the Coast of the Province of Car- olina, 1666, BY Robert Sandford 75 Introduction 77 Address to the Proprietors 82 The Port Royal Discovery 83 Sandford takes Command; sets out to Explore 85 Explores the North Edisto River 87 Visits the Indian Tovs^n 90 Explores the South Edisto 92 Stands out to Sea and incurs great Danger 94 Explores St. Helena Sound 96 Explores Port Royal Sound 100 Explores Calibogue Sound . . . . . . . . . 103 Leaves Dr. Woodward with the Indians 105 Lies outside Charleston Harbor 106 Returns to Charles Town (on Cape Fear) 107 Testimonial of the Principal Gentlemen 107 Letters of Early Colonists, 1670 109 Introduction Ill Mr. Mathews's Relation of St. Katherina 114 Mr. Carteret's Relation of the Planting at Ashley River . . .116 Letter of Joseph West 120 Letter of Governor Sayle and Council 122 A Faithfull Relation of my Westoe Voyage, by Henry Woodward 125 Introduction 127 Sets forth from Charles Town 130 Crosses the Edisto and the Head of Port Royal River . . . .131 Visits the Westo Town 132 Returns 134 Carolina, or a Description of the Present State of that Country, ^. ^ BY Thomas Ashe, 1682 135 ...J^ Introduction 137 ^ Preface 138 ^ . g The Origin of Carolina 140 y The Soil, Trees, and Vines 141 ^ Gardens and Vegetables 145 Ambergris 148 Animals and Birds 149 Fish, Turtles, and Alligators 152 CONTENTS ix Minerals and Metals 155 The Natives, their Arts and Government 156 The Proprietors, Towns, and Trade 157 Y^ An Account of the Province of Carolina, by Samuel Wilson, 1682 161 Introduction 163 Address to the Proprietors 164 The Situation and Granting of Carolina 165 The Beginnings of Settlement 166 The Climate 167 The Soil and Natural Productions 169 The Increase of Live Stock 171 The Indians and Relations with them 172 The Privileges granted by the Proprietors 173 Possibilities of Profitable Agriculture 174 )( Letters of Thomas Newe, 1682 177 Introduction 179 Arrival in Carolina; Charles Town; Prices 181 The Fur-trade 183 The Increase of Live Stock 184 Inquiries as to Books ■ . . . . 184 Hostilities with the Spaniards 185 Possibilities of Trade 187 Journal op Elder William Pratt, 1695-1701 189 Introduction 191 The Voyage from Boston 194 Arrival in Charles Town; Search for a Location . . . .195 Elder Pratt's Second Voyage 198 Jottings of Subsequent Events 199 Letter of Edward Randolph to the Board of Trade, 1699 . . 201 Introduction 203 Description of the Province . 204 Attack by the Spaniards 205 Alarm over Settlement of Louisiana 206 The Making of Tar, Pitch, and Turpentine 207 Various Enclosures and Requests 209 Reverend John Blair's Mission to North Carolina, 1704 ry Introduction Arrival in Virginia; Difficult Journey thence Ecclesiastical Condition of North Carolina Discouragements to Missionary Labors 211 213 214 215 217 CONTENTS Party-Tyranny, by Daniel Defoe, 1705 Introduction Considerations on Invasions of Liberty The Powers of the CaroHna Proprietors The Settlement and Charter of Carolina The Legislative Power in the Province The Fundamental Constitutions The Conduct of the Proprietors in Governing The Representation of Colleton County Its Complaints as to Elections As to Relations with Indians and Spaniards Tyranny of the Governor and Council; Riots Appeal to the Proprietors .... The Mission and Death of John Ash The Petition brought over by Joseph Boone The Letter of Mrs. Elizabeth Blake . The Church Act of 1704 .... Defoe's Criticisms of it The Proprietors' Reception of the Remonstrances Evil Consequences of Intolerance 111 Treatment of Rev. Edward Marston The Necessity of Redress .... PAGE 219 221 224 225 227 229 231 232 236 238 240 242 245 247 248 250 253 256 258 260 262 264 The Present State of Affairs in Carolina, by John Ash, 1706 . 265 Introduction 267 Governor Moore's 111 Conduct 269 The St. Augustine Expedition 272 Riotous Attacks upon the Governor's Opponents .... 273 Violence at the New Election 274 A New Description of that Fertile and Pleasant Province op Carolina, by John Archdale, 1707 Introduction Preface The Course of Providence The Discovery of America; the Carolina Patent General Description of Carolina The Indians and their Quarrels The Soil and Climate The Scottish Settlement; the Possibilities of Trade The Propagation of the Gospel .... The Form of Government; its Early Conduct . Governor Archdale's Arrival; his Address The Address of the Commons Assembly Letter from a New England Man ^he Governor's Relations with the Indians Governor Moore and the St. Augustine Expedition 277 279 282 284 287 288 289 290 292 293 294 296 298 299 300 303 CONTENTS xi PAGE Intolerance of the High Church Party; its Unwisdom . . . 305 List of Proprietors 307 Governor Archdale's Advice for the Colony 308 Recent Signs of Prosperity 310 X From the History of the British Empire in America, by John Oldmixon, 1708 313 Introduction 315 Discovery of Carolina; Spanish Expeditions 317 Settlements of the French in Florida 318 Castell's Description of Carolina in 1644 321 The Grant by King Charles II 322 The Fundamental Constitutions; Government under them . . 324 The Beginnings of Settlement; Sayle's Arrival 326 The Form of Government 327 Governors Yeamans and West 328 The Blake Family; Governor Blake 330 Governor Morton and his Parliament; Governors Kyrle and West . 332 Lord Cardross's Settlement . . ... . . . . 333 Governor Colleton and his Successors 333 Governor Archdale; the Spaniards and the Indians .... 335 Governor Blake; the Election of Governor Moore .... 338 The St. Augustine Expedition 341 Dissensions and Riots 345 The Church Act of 1704 . . '. 348 The Remonstrance brought over by John Ash 349 Rev. Edward Marston's Censures 351 The Proprietors' Reception of the Remonstrances .... 353 The Appeal to the House of Lords ....... 354 Its Declaration against the Church Act 355 Queen Anne annuls the Act 356 New Elections for the Assembly 357 ^'^ — Geographical Description of Carolina, its Climate .... 360 The Northern Counties 361 Charles Town 362 The Southern Counties 366 The Products and Commodities of the Province .... 368 Recent Signs of Progress 371 List of the Proprietors and Chief Officers 373 Index 375 MAPS AND FACSIMILE REPRODUCTION Map op Carolina, from Richard Blome's "Description op the Island op Jamaica," etc., 1672. From a copy of the original in the New York Public Library Frontispiece PAGE Title-page op Daniel Defoe's "Party-Tyranny," 1705. From a copy of the original in the Library of Congress 224 Plan op Charles Town, by Edward Crisp, 1704. From a copy of Ramsay's "History of South Carolina," in the New York Public Library 364 THE DISCOVERY OF NEW BRITTAINE, 1650 INTRODUCTION Presuming on the claim that the explorations of Sebas- tian Cabot gave the British government sovereignty over that portion of North America lying between the 31st and 36th degrees of north latitude, Charles I., on October 30, 1629, granted it to his attorney-general. Sir Robert Heath, for the founding of a province. Sir Robert did nothing in the way of settling his territory, and for thirty years after the grant was made to him very few explorations were made in that country and very little was written about it. One con- tribution to the subject, however, was a pamphlet published in London in 1651, containing an account by Edward Bland, Abraham Woode, Sackford Brewster, and Elias Pennant of an expedition made by them in August and September, 1650, into that part of the domain of Carolina next to Virginia, to which they gave the name New Britain. Bland was a merchant of Virginia and in this trading expedition among the Indians he realized that the Christian- izing of the Indians and settling of the country would sooner advance the interests of the province of Virginia and the merchants and traders thereof. Upon his return he and his companions petitioned the Assembly of Virginia to be allowed to make discoveries to the southward and to estab- lish settlements and have intercourse with the Indians there. The petition was granted on condition that Bland and his associates, in effecting the settlement, should secure them- selves with a hundred able men suiB&ciently supplied with arms and ammunition. To advance their undertaking they resorted to the cus- tomary plan of publishing a pamphlet designed to attract 4 NARRATIVES OF EARLY CAROLINA and interest prospective settlers. They gave an account of each day's movements, with their observations of the topog- raphy, condition, and advantages of the country which they had journeyed over and to which they were now inviting settlers to come. This pamphlet, first printed in 1651, was reprinted at New York by Joseph Sabin in 1873, THE DISCOVERY OF NEW BRITTAINE, 1650 The Discovery of New Brittaine, Began August 21, Anno Dom. 1650, hy Edward Bland, Merchant, Abraham Woode, Cap- taine, Sackford Brewster, Elias Pennant, Gentlemen. From Fort Henry, at the Head of Appamattuck River in Virginia, to the Fats of Blandina, first River in New Brittaine, which runneth West, being 120. Mile South-west, between 35. and 37. degrees, (a pleasant Country), of temperate Ayre, and fertile Soyle. London, Printed by Thomas Harper for John Stephenson, at the Sun below Ludgate. M. DC. LL^ To the Honorable, Sir John Danvers, Knight:^ Great Favourer of the Westerne Plantations, and a Member of the Parliament of England. Noble Sir: The great Incouragement that I have found from your Worthy selfe to propogate the Pubhque Affaires, as well Forraigne as Domestique, hath imbolned^ mee to presume humbly to present this small Piece of the Discovery of the Westerne Part of Virginia, wherein you shall finde by the Industry of the Surveyors of that Part, the great Benefit that may accrew to the English Plantation; in regard of the many and severall Commodities that may thence arise, by reason of the fertility of the Soyle, Nature having pro- vided so plentifully for all things, that with no extraordinary great Charge it may be effected, to the great Profit, and more Glory of this English Nation: And whereas your selfe hath beene, and still are a Chiefe Agent in that, and other Plan- ^ Text of the title-page of the original. * Sir John Danvers (1588-1655) had been a prominent member of the Vir- ginia Company and in 1649 one of the regicide judges of Charles I. ^ Emboldened. 5 6 NARRATIVES OF EARLY CAROLINA [1650 tations, so (under God) you may be a meanes for converting divers of those poor Indians to the Christian Faith. For the World doth take notice you observe the Orators saying; That you were not borne for your selfe, but for your Country: Which that you may ever doe, shall be the Prayer, Sir, Of your most humble servant, J. S. To the Reader. Who ever thou art that desirest the Advancement of Gods glory by conversion of the Indians, the Augmentation of the English Common-wealth, in extending its liberties; I would advise thee to consider the present benefit and future profits that will arise in the wel setling Virginia's Confines, especially that happy Country of New Brittaine, in the Lati- tude of 35. and 37. degrees, of more temperate Clymate then * that the English now inhabite, abounding with great Rivers of long extent, and encompassing a great part, or most of Virginia's Continent; a place so easie to be settled in, in regard that Horse and Cattle in foure or five dayes may be conveyed for the benefit of Undertakers, and all inconven- iencies avoyded which commonly attend New Plantations, being supplied with necessaries from the Neighbourhood of Virginia. That the Assembly of Virginia (as may be seene by their Order since my returne hereto procured) have conceived a hundred to be a sufficient force and competence for the estab- lishment of that Country in which Tobacco will grow larger and more in quantity. Sugar Canes are supposed naturally to be there, or at least if implanted will undoubtedly flourish: For we brought with us thence extraordinary Canes of twenty- five foot long and six inches round; there is also great store of fish, and the Inhabitants relate that there is plenty of Salt made to the sunne without art; Tobacco Pipes have beene seene among these Indians tipt with Silver, and they weare Copper Plates about their necks: They have two Crops of Indian Corne yearely, whereas Virginia hath but one. What I 1 Than. 1650] THE DISCOVERY OF NEW BRITTAINE 7 write, is what I have proved; I cordially wish some more then private Spirits would take it into their consideration, so may it prove most advantagious to particular and publick ends; for which so prayeth, Your faithfuU servant, Edward Bland. October 20. 1650. By the Assembly.^ It is Ordered by the Grand Assembly, that according to the Petition of Mr. Edward Bland, Merchant, that he the sayd Bland, or any other be permitted to discover and seate to the Southward in any convenient place where they discover; and that according to his Petition for furthering his Designes hee bee permitted to have correspondence with the Indians, and also receive the benevolence of the well- affected, and use all lawfull meanes for effecting thereof, provided that they secure themselves in effecting the sayd Designe with a hundred able men sufficiently furnished with Armes and Munition. John Corkes/ Cler. Dom. Com. Sir Walter Rawleighs Observation on 35. degrees Latitude. Paradise was created a part of this Earth, and seated in the lower part of Eden or Mesopotamia, containing also a part of Shinar and Armenia; it stands 35 degrees from the Equinoctiall, and 55 from the North-pole, in a temperate Climate, full of excellent fruits, chiefely of Palme-trees with- out labour; for whereinsoever the Earth, Nature, and the Sun can most vaunt that they have excelled, yet shall the Palme-tree be the greatest wonder of all their workes: This tree alone giveth unto man whatsoever his life beggeth at Natures hand. The like are also found both in the East and West-Indies as well as in Paradise, which Countries are also blessed with a perpetuall Spring and Summer, etc. Raw- leighs Marrow of History, Page 42. ^ Of Virginia. * Properly, Corker. "Clericus Domus Communis " = Clerk of the House of Commons. 8 NARRATIVES OF EARLY CAROLINA [1650 By how much Adam exceeded all living men in perfection by being the immediate workmanship of God, by so much did that chosen, and particular Garden exceed all the parts of the Universall World in which God had planted the Trees of Life, and Knowledge, Plants onely proper, and belonging to the Paradise, and Garden, of so great a Lord. Ihid., p. 43. THE DISCOVERY OF NEW BRITAINE August 27. 1650. The Right Honorable Sir W. Berkly,* Kt. being Governour and Captaine Generall of Virginia, Edw. Bland Merch. Abraham Wood Capt. Elias Ponnant ^ and Sackford Brewster Gent, foure Men, and one Indian named Pyancha, an Appamattuck for our Guide, with two servants, foure Horses and Provision, advanced from Fort Henry, lying on Appamattuck River at the fals,^ being a branch of James River, intending a South westerne Discovery. This day wee passed over a branch * belonging to Black- water lake, running South east into Chawan River; at that place wee were forced to unlade our Carriages by reason of the great raines lately fallen, which otherwise is very pass- able for foot, being firm gravelly ground in the bottome, and lieth from Fort Henry 20. miles, and some 12. miles from this place we travelled unto a deepe River called the Nottaway Creeke some 100. paces over sandy bottomes (and with a little labour may be made passeable) unto a Nottaway Town lying some two miles from the River. Hither we came within night, and by reason of our suddaine approach and hallowing of Robert Farmer servant to Mr. Bland, the Inhabitants ran all away into the Woods, with their Women and Children; therefore by us it was named Farmers Chase. After our arrivall there within a small space of time one Indian man appeared, and finding of us peaceable, and the white flag bore before us by our Guide whom they knew, he made a hallow, and the rest came in from their sculking holes like ^ This is not the proper spelling, Berkeley being the way that Sir William himself and his brother, John, Lord Berkeley, spelled the name. ^ Pennant. * Now Petersburg, Virginia. ^ Presmnably Stony Creek. 1650] THE DISCOVERY OF NEW BRITTAINE 9 so many timerous Hares, and shewed us what curtesie they could. About two houres after came to us Oyeocker elder brother to Chounterounte of the Nottaway Kings, who told us that his brother Chounterounte, and other of the Nottaway Kings would come to us next day by Noone, and that the day before Chounterounte and all his men had been a hunting, and it hapned that Chounterounte had shot one of his brothers in the leg, and that thereupon he was gone do wne wards. We stayed untill next day at Noone but he came not, and then we journyed unto the To wne belonging unto Oyeocker, who kindly invited us thither, and told us he thought that Choun- terounte would meet us there, and also of his owne accord proffered us to be our guide withersoever we went. The Land generally to this Towne is Champion, very rich, and the Towne scituate in a rich levell, well timbered, watered, and very convenient for Hogs and Cattle. August 28. We journied with our new entertained Guide Oyeocker, lying betweene South, and South and by West, from the first Towne upon a very rich levell of Land: sixteen miles from this place we came unto the River Penna Mount, being another branch of Chawan River eight miles on the South side it hath very rich Land and Corn-fields on both sides the River, and is about 200. paces wide, and runs out with elbowes: at the place of our passage over this River to this second Towne is shallow upon a Sandy Point, and with a very little labour may be made passeable both for foot and horse, or any Carriage by Land, or pentater with small Boats, and some two miles higher there is a sound passage no deeper then a mans anckle: Within night came Chounterounte unto our Quarters frowning, and with a countenance noting much discontent, downe he sets, and lookes about him, salutes the English with a scornefuU posture, and then our Appamattack Guide, and tels him, I am sorry for thee friend, thou wilt be knockt on the head; after this some pause was made before any discourse, expecting the English would begin, but finding us slow, he thus spake: There was a Wainoake Indian told him that there was an Englishman a Cockarous ^ hard by Captaine Floods, gave this Indian Bells, and other petty truck to lay downe to the Tuskarood ^ King, and would * Ind. cawcawaassaiigk, adviser. ^ Tuscarora. 10 NARRATIVES OF EARLY CAROLINA [1650 have hired him to have gone with him, but the Wainoakes being doubtfull what to doe, went to Captaine Flood for advice, who advised them not to go, for that the Governour would give no licence to go thither; heere upon Chounter- ounte was by us questioned, when and who it was that had told him so, and if he did know that Wainoake Indian, to which he answered doubtfully, and demanded of us whither we did intend to go; we told him the Tuskarood King had envited us to trade, and our Governour had ordered us to go, and speake with an Englishm.an amongst them, and to enquire for an English woman cast away long since, and was amongst those Nations. Chounterounte perswaded us to go no further, alleadging there was no English there, that the way was long, for passage very bad by reason of much raine that had lately fallen, and many rotten Marrishes and Swampps there was to passe over, in fine we found him, and all his men very unwilling we should go any further; but we told them, that let the waies and passages be never so bad, we were resolved to go through, and that we were not afraid of him nor his Nation, nor any other, for we intended no injury, and that we must go, for we were commanded by our King; these words caused Chounterounte to assimulate a feare in his countenance, and after delivery of himselfe, at our going away next day, when we had mounted our Horses, Chounterounte came privately unto us, and in a most serious manner intimating unto us, that he loved us, and our Nation, and that he lively apprehended our danger, and that our safety concerned him, for if any accident hapned otherwise then good to us, he should be suspected to have a hand in it, and withall wished us to go no further, for that he certainly knew that the Nations we were to go through would make us away by treachery; we answered him, that we were not afraid to be killed, for that any one of us were able to deale with forty through the protection of our great God, for we were commanded by our King. August 29. We travelled from this second Town to Maharineck,^ eight miles upon barren Champion Lands, and six miles further is a branch that runnes South west, ^ The town of the Meherrin Indians, an Iroquoian tribe living on Meherrin River. 1650] THE DISCOVERY OP NEW BRITTAINE 11 with rich Lands upon it; and from thence some six miles further, is a Brooke some hundred paces over, and runnes South and a Uttle to the West, on both sides of the Creek: for fowre miles or thereabouts, is very rich Lands, well Tim- bered and Watered, and large dry Meadowes, South and by West: From this Creeke is another, some eight miles off, that opens it selfe into divers small Guts, made by the inun- dation of Freshes of Waters; and the passage lies some two hundred paces from the Path, and this Creek is some ten miles from Maharinecke Towne, and was by us named New- combs Forrest. It was night when we entred into Mahar- ineck, where we found a House ready made for us of Matts; and Corne stalkes layd in severall places for our Horses, the Inhabitants standing, according to their custome, to greet us: and after some discourse with their Werrowance,^ a Youth, to whom wee presented severall gifts, we certified them the cause of our comming was to Trade in way of friendship, and desired the great men that what Wares or Skins the Town did afford, might be brought to our Quarters next morning; and also a measure for Roanoak,^ which they promised should be done, and so left us to our selves a while, untill wee had refreshed our selves with such provisions as they had set before us, in most plentifull maner; and afterwards the great men and Inhabitants came, and performed divers Cere- monies, and Dancings before us, as they used to doe to their great Emperour Apachancano,^ when they entertain him in most solemne maner and friendship. August 30. Being wearied with our last dayes_travell, we continued at Maharineck, and this day spake with a. Tuskarood Indian, who told us that the Englishman was a great way off at the further Tuskarood Towne, and wee hired this Tuskarood Indian to run before, and tell his Wer- rowance wee intended to lay him dowme a present at Hoco- mowananck, and desired to have him meete us there, and also wrote to that effect to the Englishman in English, Latine, Spanish, French and Dutch, the Tuskarood promised in three dayes to meete us at Hocomawananck. In the afternoone came two Indians to our Quarters, one of whom the Mahar- 1 Chieftain. ^ Wampum. ^ Opechancanough, Powhatan's brother and successor. 12 NARRATIVES OF EARLY CAROLINA [1650 inecks told us was the Werrowance of Hocomawnanck River, seemed very joyfull that wee could goe thither, and told us the Tuskarood would have come to us to trade, but that the Wainoakes had spoken much to dishearten them from having any trade with the English, and that they intended divers times to have come in, but were afraid, for the Wain- oakes had told them that the English would kill them, or detaine them, and would not let them goe without a great heape of Roanoake middle high, to which we answered that the Wainoakes durst not affirme any such thing to our faces, and that they had likewise spoken much against the Tuska- rood to the English, it being a common thing amongst them to villefie one another, and tell nothing but lies to the Eng- lish. This day in the morning the Maharineck great men spake to heare some of our guns go off: Whereupon we shot two guns at a small marke, both hitting it, and at so great a dis- tance of a hundred paces, or more, that the Indians admired at it: And a little before night the old King Maharineck came to us, and told us, that the people in the Towne were afraid when the guns went off, and ran all away into the Woods. This night also we had much Dancing. August 31. Wee went away from Maharineck South East two miles to goe over Maharineck River, which hath a bottome betweene two high land sides through which you must passe to get over, which River is about two hundred paces broad, and hath a high water marke after a fresh of at least twenty foot perpendicular by the trees in the breaches betweene the River, and the high land of the old fields. This River is the Southerly last and maine branch of Chawan River, and was by us named Woodford River, ^ and runs to the Eastward of the South. On both sides of Woodford River is very much exceeding rich Land, but especially on the further side towards Hocomawananck. Imediately after the passage over this River, are old Indian fields of exceeding rich Land, that beare two Crops of Indian Corne a yeare, and hath timber trees above five foot over, whose truncks are a hundred foot in cleare timber, which will make twenty Cuts of Board timber a piece, and of these there is abundance. * Now called the Meherrin. 1650] THE DISCOVERY OF NEW BRITTAINE 13 As also exceeding rich Land, full of great Reeds thrice as big as the largest Arrow Reeds we have about our Plantations; this good Land continues for some six miles together unto a great Swampp, and then begins a pyny barren Champion Land with divers Branches and Pecosans, yet very passeable, running South and by West unto a deepe River some a hun- dred paces over, running South, and a little to the East, which River incloses a small Island which wee named Brew- sters Island, some eighteene miles from Woodford River due South, and by West, with very exceeding rich Land on both side of it for some sixe miles together, and this River we also named Brewsters River, it being the first branch of Hocomawananck River :^ and a little lower downe as the River runs, is such another River as Chickahamine River (which is a mile broad.) After we had passed over this River we travelled some twenty miles further upon a pyny barren Champion Land to Hocomawananck River, South, and by West: some twelve miles from Brewsters River we came unto a path running crosse some twenty yards on each side unto two remarkeable Trees; at this path our Appamattuck Guide made a stop, and cleared the Westerly end of the path with his foote, being demanded the meaning of it, he shewed an unwillingnesse to relate it, sighing very much: Whereupon we made a stop untill Oyeocker our other Guide came up, and then our Ap- pamattuck Guide journied on; but Oyeocker at his comming up cleared the other end of the path, and prepared himselfe in a most serious manner to require our attentions, and told us that many yeares since their late great Emperour Appa- chancano came thither to make a War upon the Tuskarood, in revenge of three of his men killed, and one wounded, who escaped, and brought him word of the other three murthered by the Hocomawananck Indians for lucre of the Roanoake they brought with them to trade for Otter skins. There accompanyed Appachancano severall petty Kings that were under him, amongst which there was one King of a Towne called Pawhatan, which had long time harboured a grudge ^against the King of Chawan, about a yong woman that the Roanoke River. The explorers apparently went to its mouth and then returned. 14 NARRATIVES OF EARLY CAROLINA [1650 King of Chawan had detayned of the King of Pawhatan: Now it hapned that the King of Chawan was invited by the King of Pawhatan to this place under pretence to present him with a Guift of some great vallew, and there they met accordingly, and the King of Pawhatan went to salute and embrace the King of Chawan, and stroaking of him after their usuall manner, he whipt a bow string about the King of Chawans neck, and strangled him; and how that in me- moriall of this, the path is continued unto this day, and the friends of the Pawhatans when they passe that way, cleanse the Westerly end of the path, and the friends of the Chawans the other. And some two miles from this path we came unto an Indian Grave upon the East side of the path: Upon this Grave there lay a great heape of sticks covered with greene boughs, we demanded the reason of it, Oyeocker told us, that there lay a great man of the Chawans that dyed in the same quarrell, and in honour of his memory they con- tinue greene boughs over his Grave to this day; and ever when they goe forth to Warre they relate his, and other valorous, loyall Acts, to their yong men, to annimate them to doe the like when occasion requires. Some foure miles from Hocomawananck is very rich Champian Land: It was night when we came to Hocomawananck River and the Indian that came with us from Woodford River, and belonged to Hocom'^ ananck, would have had us quartered upon the side a great Swampp that had the advantage of severall bottc nes of the Swampp on both sides of us, but we removed to take our advantage for safety, and retreate, in case any accident should happen, which at that time promised noth- ing but danger, for our Guides began to be doubtfull, and told us, that the Hocomawananck Indians were very treacher- ous, and that they did not like the countenances, and shape well; this place we named Pyanchas Parke: about three houres after we had taken up our Quarters, some of the In- habitants came, and brought us roasting ears, and Sturgeon, and the Hocomawananck Indian that came with us from Woodford River, came not unto us untill next day, but his Warrowance told us before wee came from Woodford, hee could not come untill that day at night. The next day morning after our comming to Hocomawananck the Inhabi- 1650] THE DISCOVERY OF NEW BRITTAINE 15 tants seemed to prepare us a house: But we about eight of the clock set forward to goe view the place where they killed Sturgeon, which was some six miles from the place where we quartered by Pyanchas Parke, where there is a River running very deep South, exceeding deepe, and foure hundred paces broad. The high water marke of this River between both sides of the River perpendicular, from the top of the Banck to the River, is forty five foot upon a fresh; this River was by us named Blandina River: from Pyanchas Parke to the place where they kill Sturgeon is six miles up the River run- ning Northerly, and all exceeding rich Land: Both upwards and downewards upon the River, at this place where they kill Sturgeon are also the Falls, and at the foot of these Falls also lies two Islands in a great Bay, the uppermost whereof Mr. Blande named Charles Island, and the lowermost Cap- taine Wood named Berkeley Island: on the further side of these Islands the Bay runs navigable by the two Islands sides : Charles Island is three miles broad, and foure miles long, and Berkeley Island almost as big, both in a manner impreg- nable by nature, being fortified with high Clefts of Rocky Stone, and hardly passeable, without a way cut through them, and consists all of exceeding rich Land, and cleare fields, wherein growes Canes of a foot about, and of one yeares growth Canes that a reasonable hand can hardly span; and the Indians told us they were very sweet, and that -■*•. some time of the yeare they did suck them, and eate thei. ')and of those we brought some away with us. The Land liiver against Charles Island we named Blands Discovery, andi.the Land over against Berkeley Island we named Woods journy, and at the lower end of Charles Island lies a Bay due South from the said Island, so spatious that we could not see the other side of it: this bay we called Pennants Bay and in the River between Charles Island, and the maine Land lies a Rocky Point in the River, which Point comes out of Charles Island, and runs into the middle of the River: this Point we named Brewsters Point, and at this Point only, and no other is there any place passeable into Charles Island, and this Brewsters Point runs not quite from Charles Island to the maine Land, but when you come off the maine Land to the Rivers side, you must wade about fifty paces to come 16 NARRATIVES OF EARLY CAROLINA [1650 upon the Point, and if you misse the Point on either side, up or downe the River, you must swim, and the River runs very swift. Some three miles from the River side over against Charles Island is a place of severall great heapes of bones, and heere the Indian belonging to Blandina River that went along with us at the Fals, sat downe, and seemed to be much discontented, insomuch that he shed teares; we demanded why those bones were piled up so curiously? Oye- ocker told us, that at this place Appachancano one morning with 400. men treacherously slew 240. of the Blandina River Indians in revenge of three great men slaine by them, and the place we named Golgotha; as we were going to Blandina river we spake to Oyeocker our Guide to lead us the way, and he would not; but asked our Appamattuck Guide why we did not get us gone, for the Inhabitants were jealous of us, and angry with us, and that the Runner we sent to the Tuskarood would not come at the day appointed, nor his King, but ran another way, and told the Indians that we came to cut them off; whereupon our Appamattuck Guide stepped forth, and frowning said, come along, we will go to see the Falls, and so led the way, and also told us that the Woodford Indians lied, and that Indian that came to us, which the Woodford Indian said was the King of Blandina River, was not the Werrowance of Blandina River; where- upon we resolved to return (having named the whole Con- tinent New Brittaine) another way into our old path that led to Brewsters River, and shot off no guns because of making a commotion, adding to the Natives feares. At Blandina River we had some discourse with our Appamattuck Guide concerning that River, who told us that that branch of Blan- dina River ran a great way up into the Country; and that about three dayes journy further to the South- West, there was a far greater Branch so broad that a man could hardly see over it, and bended it selfe to the Northward above the head of James River unto the foot of the great Mountaines, on which River there lived many people upwards, being the Occonacheans and the Nessoneicks, and that where some of the Occonacheans lived, there is an Island within the River three dayes journy about, which is of a very rich and fertile soile, and that the upper end of the Island is fordable, not 1650] THE DISCOVERY OF NEW BRITTAINE 17 above knee deepe, of a stony bottome, running very swift, and the other side very deepe and navigable: Also we found many of the people of Blandina River to have beards, and both there, and at Woodford River we saw many very old men, and that the Climate according to our opinions was far more temperate then ours of Virginia, and the Inhabi- tants full of Children; they also told us that at the bottome of the River was great heapes of Salt; and we saw among them Copper, and were informed that they tip their pipes with silver, of which some have been brought into this Coun- try, and 'tis very probable that there may be Gold, and other Mettals amongst the hils. September 1. About noone from Woods Journey wee travelled some sixe miles North East, unto the old Path that leads to Brewsters River: within night we quartered on the other side of it, and kept good watch: this Path runnes from Woods Journey north and by East, and due North. September 2. In the morning about eight of the clocke, as every one was mounted, came to our quarters Occonnos- quay, sonne to the Tuskarood King, and another Indian whom he told was a Werrowance, and his Kinseman, with the Runner which wee had sent to the Tuskarood King, who was to meet us at Blandina that night; the Kings sonne told us that the English man would be at his house that night, a great way off; and would have had us gone backe with him, but we would not, and appointed him to meete us at Woodford River where hee came not, wee having some sus- pition that hee came from Woodford River that night, and that our Runner had not beene where we had sent him, through some information of our Nottaway guide, which afterwards proved true, by the Relation of the Werrowance of Blandina River, whom about fowre howres after wee had parted with the Kings son, wee met on the way comming from Woodford River with a company of men, thinking he should have found us at Blandina River that night, according to his order and promise; with whom falling into discourse, he told us that the King of the Tuskaroods son, and our Runner were the night before at Woodford River; but the Kings son told us he came from Blandina River, and beyond, and hearing wee were gone before he came, he had travelled all 18 NARRATIVES OF EARLY CAROLINA [1650 night from Blandina River to overtake us. This day about Noone we came to Woodford River Towne, and tarried there that night, we found the old Werrowance, and all his great men gone, yet had courteous quarter; but not without great grounds of suspition, and signes that they were angry at us: at our coming back to Woodford River we had information that some Spies of Wainoake had been there a little before we came, and that the King of Wainoake and Chounterounte had sent Runners to all the Nations thereabouts, informing fchem that the English were come to cut them off, which we supposed to be some greater Politicians then Indian Con- sultations, who had some private ends to themselves, and minded nothing lesse then a publick good; for we found that the Runner whom we imployed to carry our message to the Tuskarood King, ran to the Waynoakes, and he whom the Woodford Indians told us was the Werrowance of Blandina River, was a Woodford Indian, and no Werrowance, but done of purpose to get something out of us, and we had infor- aiation that at that time there were other English amongst the Indians. September 3. By breake of day we journied from Wood- ford River to a path some eight miles above Pennants Mount nmning North, and by East and North, North, East, which was done by the advice of our Appamattuck Guide, who told us that he was informed that some plots might be acted against us, if we returned the way that we came, for we told Chounterounte we would returne the same way againe: And this information our Guide told us he had from a woman that was his Sweet-heart belonging to Woodford River. Phis day we passed over very much rich, red, fat, marie Land, betweene Woodford River Towne, and the head of Pennants Mount, with divers Indian fields; the head of which River abounds much with great Rocks of Stone, and is two hundred paces over, and hath a small Island in it named Sackfords Island. Betweene Pennants Mount River head, and the head of Farmers Chase River is very much exceeding rich, red, fat, marie land, and Nottaway and Schock- oores old fields, for a matter of sixe miles together all the trees are blowne up or dead: Heere it began to raine, and some six miles further we tooke up our quarters, and it proved 1650] THE DISCOVERY OF NEW BRITTAINE 19 a very wet night. At the first other Nottaway old fields, we found the Inhabitants much perplexed about a gun that went off to the Westward of them, the night before wee came thither, which our Appamattuck Guide conceived were the Wainoake Spies, set out there to prevent our Journyings, and we found severall Agers about the place where the Indians told us the gun went off. Septemb. 4. About 8 of the Clock we travelled North North-East some six miles, unto the head of Farmers Chase River, where we were forced to swimm our horses over, by reason of the great rain that fell that night, which other- wise with a little labour may be made very passable. At this place is very great Rocky stones, fit to make Mill-stones, with very rich tracts of Land, and in some places between the head of Farmers Chase River and Black water Lake, is ground that gives very probable proofe of an Iron, or some other rich Mine. Some sixteen miles from Farmers Chase, North, and by East, and North, North-East, lies Black water Lake, which hath very much rich land about it, and with little labour will be made very passable. From Black Water Lake we did travell to the old fields of Manks Nessoneicks, and from thence some 12 miles N. N. East we came unto Fort Henry about the close of the Evening, all well and in good health, notwithstanding from the time we had spoken with Chounterounte at Pennants Mount, we every night kept a strickt watch, having our Swords girt, and our Guns and Pistols by us, for the Indians every night where we lay, kept a strict guard upon us. The Discoverers, viz. Mr. Edward Blande, Merchant. Abraham Wood, Captaine. Mr. Elias Pennant. Mr. Sackford Brewster. Robert Farmer, Servant to Mr. Blande. Henry Newcombe, Servant to Captaine Wood, p . , S Oyeocker, a Nottaway Werrowance. ui es. -^ pyancha, an Appamattuck War Captaine. FRANCIS YEARDLEY'S NARRATIVE OF EXCURSIONS INTO CAROLINA, 1654 INTRODUCTION Beginning with the second half of the seventeenth cen- tury, information about the province of Carolina, which Charles I. had founded in October, 1629, when he granted all of the territory between the 31st and 36th degrees of north latitude to Sir Robert Heath for a province to be known as Carolina, was acquired and distributed by voyagers and explorers with more frequency than had been the case in the preceding years. Following the appearance of Edward Bland's Discovery of New Brittaine in 1651, came a letter from Francis Yeardley, of Virginia, to John Ferrar, Esq., of Little Gidding in Huntingdonshire, England, who had been a prominent member, and for a time deputy treasurer, of the Virginia Company. The letter, dated May 8, 1654, gives a narrative of several excursions into that part of Carolina adjacent to Virginia by some of his employees and neighbors. Francis Yeardley, the author of this narrative, was the son of Sir George Yeardley, who had been thrice (1616-1617, 1618-1621, and 1626-1627) governor of Virginia. He was born in Virginia about 1622, being one of three children, the other two being a brother, Argall, born about 1620, and a sister, Elizabeth, born about 1618.^ Upon reaching man- hood he became quite prominent in the affairs of Virginia, being for some time a colonel of militia and in 1653 a member of the House of Burgesses for Lower Norfolk.^ About this time chance brought him into possession of the information contained in his letter, and his philanthropic nature induced ^ J. C. Hotten, Original Lists of Persons . . . who went from Great Britain to the American Plantations, 1600-1700, p. 222. *W. G. Stanard, Virgi7iia Colonial Register (Boston, 1900), p. 70.) 23 24 NARRATIVES OF EARLY CAROLINA him to transmit it to Mr. Ferrar in the hope that it might be a means of advancing interest in the territory known as Carohna and at the same time bringing about a better- ment of the Indians in that quarter. The letter was printed in 1742 in the State Papers of John Thurloe, II. 273-274. FRANCIS YEARDLEY'S NARRATIVE OF EXCURSIONS INTO CAROLINA, 1654 Virginia, Linne-haven, this 8^^ May, 1654. Sir, My brother Argol Yardley hath received many letters from you, with animadversions and instructions to encourage him in the prosecution of better designs than that of tobacco, but myself never any: yet the honour I bear you, for your fervent affections to this my native country, commands me in some measure to give you an account of what the Lord hath in short time brought to light, by the means of so weak a minister as myself; namely, an ample discovery of South Virginia or Carolina, the which we find a most fertile, gallant, rich soil, flourishing in all the abundance of nature, especially in the rich mulberry and vine, a serene air, and temperate clime, and experimentally rich in precious minerals; and lastly, I may say, parallel with any place for rich land, and stately timber of all sorts; a place indeed unacquainted with our Virginia's nipping frosts, no winter, or very little cold to be found there. Thus much for the country; the manner and means in the discovery follows: In September last, a young man, a trader for beavers, being bound out to the adjacent parts to trade, by accident his sloop left him; and he, supposing she had been gone to Rhoanoke, hired a small boat, and with one of his company left with him came to crave my licence to go to look after his sloop, and sought some relief of provisions of me; the which granting, he set forth with three more in company, one being of my family, the others were my neighbours. They entered in at Cara- toke,^ ten leagues to the southward of Cape Henry, and so went to Rhoanoke island; where, or near thereabouts, they found the great commander of those parts with his Indians a * Currituck Inlet. 25 26 NARRATIVES OF EARLY CAROLINA [1653 hunting, who received them civilly, and shewed them the i-uins of Sir Walter Ralegh's fort, from whence I received a sure token of their being there. After some days spent to and fro in the country, the young man the interpreter pre- vailed with the great man, and his war-captains, and a great man of another province, and some other Indians, to come in and make their peace with the English, which they will- ingly condescended* unto; and for the favour and relief I extended to the interpreter in his necessity, in gratitude he brought them to me at my house, where they abode a week, and shewed much civility of behaviour. In the interim of which time, hearing and seeing the children read and write, of his own free voluntary motion he asked me, (after a most solid pause, we two being alone), whether I would take his only son, having but one, and teach him to do as our children, namely in his terms, to speak out of the book, and to make a writing; which motion I most heartily embraced; and with expressions of love, and many presents, crediting with cloaths, dismissed him. At his departure he expressed himself desirous to serve that God the Englishmen served, and that his child might be so brought up; promising to bring him in to me in four moons, in which space my occasions calling me to Mary- land, he came once himself, and sent twice to know, if I was returned, that he might bring his child; but in my absence, some people, supposing I had great gains by commerce with him, murmured, and carried themselves uncivilly towards them, forbidding their coming in any more; and by some over-busy justices of the place, (my wife having brought him to church in the congregation), after sermon, threatened to whip him, and send him away. The great man was very much afraid, and much appalled; but my wife kept him in her hand by her side, and confidently and constantly on my behalf resisted their threatenings, till they publickly protested against me for bringing them in; but she worthily engaged my whole fortunes for any damage should arise by or from them, till my return; which falling out presently after, I having by the way taken my brother in with me for the better prosecution of so noble a design, immediately I dis- patched away a boat with six hands, one being a carpenter, to * In the sense of "agreed." 1663] FRANCIS YEARDLEY'S NARRATIVE 27 build the king an English house, my promise at his coming first, being to comply in that matter. I sent 200 I. sterling in trust, to purchase and pay for what land they should like, the which in little time they effected, and purchased, and paid for three great rivers, and also all such others as they should like of southerly; and in solemn manner took posses- sion of the country, in the name, and on the behalf, of the commonwealth of England; and actual possession was solemnly given them by the great commander, and all the great men of the rest of the provinces, in delivering them a turf of the earth with an arrow shot into it; and so the Indians totally left the lands and rivers to us, retiring to a new habitation, where our people built the great commander a fair house, the which I am to furnish with English utensils and chattels. In the interim, whilst the house was building for the great em- peror of Rhoanoke, he undertook with some of his Indians, to bring some of our men to the emperor of the Tuskarorawes, and to that purpose sent embassadors before, and with two of our company set forth and travelled within two days journey of the place, where at a hunting quarter the Tuskarorawes emperor, with 250 of his men, met our company, and received them courteously; and after some days spent, desired them to go to his chief town, where he told them was one Spaniard residing, who had been seven years with them, a man very rich, having about thirty in family, seven whereof are negroes; and he had one more negro, leiger * with a great nation called the Newxes. He is sometimes, they say, gone from thence a pretty while. Our people had gone, but that the interpreter with overtravelling himself fell sick; yet the Tuskarorawe proffered him, if he would go, he would in three days journey bring him to a great salt sea, and to places where they had copper out of the ground, the art of refining which they have perfectly; for our people saw much amongst them, and some plates of a foot square. There was one Indian had two beads of gold in his ears, big as rounceval peas; and they said, there was much of that not far off. These allurements had drawn them thither, but for the interpreter's weakness, and the war, that was between a great nation called the Cacores, a very little people in stature, not exceeding youths * Resident. NARRATIVES OF EARLY CAROLINA [1654 of thirteen or fourteen years, but extremely valiant and fierce in fight, and above belief swift in retirement and flight, whereby they resist the puissance of this potent, rich, and numerous people. There is another great nation by these, called the Haynokes, who valiantly resist the Spaniards fur- ther northern attempts. The Tuskarorawe told them, the way to the sea was a plain road, much travelled for salt and copper; the salt is made by the sea itself, and some of it brought in to me. After the Tuskarorawe could not prevail, but our people would return, he sent his only son with a great man his tutor, and another great man, and some other attendance with them; and when they came to the rest of our company, the house being done and finished, the Rowanoke with the Tuskororawe prince, and sundry other kings of the provinces, in all some forty-five in company, together with our six men, on May-day last arrived at my house. The Rowanoke brought his wife with him, and his son, to be baptized. It fell out happily, that my brother and many other friends were met at my house. The only present brought us was the turf of earth with the arrow shot into it, which was again solemnly delivered unto me, and received by me, in the name, and on the behalf, of the commonwealth of England, to whom we really tender the sure possession of this rich and flourishing place; hoping only, that our own properties and our pains will not be forgotten. There is no man hath been at a penny charge but myself, and it hath ;already cost me 300 I. and upwards; and were my estate able, I should hope to give a better account of my well-wishes to a general good. My hopes are, I shall not want assistance from good patriots, either by their good words or purses. Tuesday the third of May, the Rowanoke presented his child to the minister before the congregation to be baptized, which was solemnly performed in presence of all the Indians, and the child left with me to be bred up a Christian, which God grant him grace to become ! At their departure, we appointed a further discovery by sea and land, to begin the first of July next. God guide us to his glory, and England's and Virginia's honour! Sir, if you think good to acquaint the states with what is done by two Virginians born, you will honour our country. 1654] FRANCIS YEARDLEY'S NARRATIVE 29 I have at this instant no present worthy your acceptance, but an arrow that came from the Indians inhabiting on the South-sea, the which we purpose, God wilhng, to see this summer, non obstante periculo. I am lastly, Sir, a suitor to you, for some silk-worms eggs, and materials for the making of silk, and what other good fruits, or roots, or plants, may be proper for such a country. Above all, my desire is to the olive, some trees of which could we procure, would rejoice me; for wine we cannot want with industry. Thus desiring to kiss your hands, with the fair hands of my virtuous coun- try-woman, the worthily to be honoured Mrs. Virginia Farrar,^ I humbly take leave, and ever remain. Sir, Your true honourer, and affectionate servant to be commanded, Francis Yardley. For the worshipfull John Farrar, Esq; at his mannor of Little Gidding in Huntingdonshire. ^ Daughter of John Ferrar. "Mrs." was in the seventeenth century used of unmarried ladies. A map of Virginia by her is reproduced in Winsor's Narra- tive and Critical History of America, III. 465. A RELATION OF A DISCOVERY, BY WILLIAM HILTON, 1664 INTRODUCTION On March 20, 1662/3, King Charles by letters patent granted to eight Proprietors — the Earl of Clarendon, the Duke of Albemarle, Lord Craven, Lord Berkeley, Lord Ashley (afterward Earl of Shaftesbury), Sir George Carteret, Sir Will- iam Berkeley, and Sir John Colleton — a province to be called Carolina, extending from latitude 31° to 36° N. and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. In this province the Proprietors were to have the right to institute government, to appoint officers, and, with the assistance of the freemen, to make laws. By a new charter of June 30, 1665, the bounds of the province were extended to run from 29° to 36° 30' N. About the time when the first charter was granted. Captain William Hilton, of the island of Barbados, already a populous and important colony, made a voyage to the coast of what is now North Carolina and, upon his return, gave a favorable account of the country about the Charles (Cape Fear) River. Some New Englanders who had previously been sent to settle at Cape Fear to raise cattle departed about this time and made contrary reports as to the condition of the country. In con- sequence of these reports many citizens of Barbados united and sent out a second expedition under Captain Hilton, as commander and commissioner. Captain Anthony Long, and Peter Fabian, to explore the coast of Carolina southward from Cape Fear to latitude 31° north. The expedition sailed from Spikes (Speights) Bay August 10, 1663, in the ship Adventure. On August 12 the '^ Adventurers," as the pro- moters of the expedition were called, addressed to the Lords Proprietors a petition requesting that these Barbadian advent- 33 34 NARRATIVES OF EARLY CAROLINA urers, some two hundred in number, might be permitted to purchase from the Indians and hold under the Proprietors a tract of a thousand square miles in Carolina, to be called the Corporation of the Barbados Adventurers, and that they might have certain powers of self-government/ Their agents, Thomas Modyford and Peter Colleton, suggested that these powers might be like those of a municipal corporation in England, e. g., Exeter. To the petition of the adventurers the Proprietors an- swered on September 9, stating that they had "given direc- tions to Col. Modyford and Peter Colleton, to treat with them concerning the premises, not receding from the substance of their declaration."^ In the meantime Hilton's expedition reached the coast of Carolina August 26, 1663, and explored the coast of what is now South Carolina from the Combahee River southward to Port Royal, sailing up the Combahee about six leagues and also entering the great harbor of Port Royal, While in that quarter they rescued several Englishmen who had been shipwrecked near there some time previously, had reached land at that point, and had fallen into the hands of the Indians. The Spaniards at St. Augustine had heard of the peril these shipwrecked Englishmen were in and had sent a party to aid them, but Hilton arriving at a propitious moment they readily relinquished their undertaking to the Englishman. Hilton next sailed to the coast of what is now North Carolina and explored the country in and about the Cape Fear River. He and his associates then returned to Bar- bados and wrote an account of their explorations. Shortly 1 Colonial Entry Book no. 20 (MS.), Public Record Office, London, 10-11; Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, 1661-1668, p. 153; Colonial Records of North Carolina, I. 39-42; Collections of the South Carolina Historical Society, V. 10-11. ' Colonial Entry Book no. 20, 12-13; Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, 1661-1668, pp. 161-162; Collections of the South Carolina Historical Society, V. 16-18. INTRODUCTION 35 thereafter Modyford and Colleton, representing the Lords Proprietors, presented a set of proposals for the encourage- ment of settlers for the territory "Southwards or Westwards of Cape Romana in the Province of Carolina." The narrative of the explorers and the proposals of the agents of the Lords Proprietors were printed in London in 1664. The favorable account given by Hilton and his associates, and the liberal inducements offered to settlers by the agents of the Proprietors in their proposals, induced many settlers to go to South Caro- lina a few years later, and the early records of the province show that the terms of the proposals were faithfully kept toward those who settled in the territory prescribed during the time specified. Under the terms of the proposals every subscriber to the expedition fund who had paid, or should pay within two months after the date of the proposals, and every subspriber to the public stock, was entitled to five hundred acres of land for every thousand pounds of sugar subscribed. The adventurers elected treasurers for their fund, and a certificate from one of the treasurers acknowledging the receipt of a contribution was subsequently recognized as sufficient basis for the granting of the prescribed amount of land to the contributor presenting such certificate. Hilton's expedition was of great assistance to the Lords Proprietors of Carolina in their work of settling their province. Not only did it interest the "adventurers" who sent it out, but the publication of the narrative concerning it and the accompanying proposals induced hundreds of excellent people to settle in Carolina, as is shown by the extant land records of South Carolina. The pamphlet has been reprinted several times: in 1884 as an appendix to the Year Book of the city of Charleston; in 1897 in the fifth volume of Collections of the South Carolina Historical Society; and in 1907 in The Genesis of South Caro- 36 NARRATIVES OF EARLY CAROLINA Una, by Hon. William A. Courtenay. The pamphlet of 1664 is described in Allibone's Dictionary of American Authors as ^^iber rarissimus." Hilton's name has been preserved in the nomenclature of South Carolina by a promontory extending into Port Royal Sound at the mouth of the Port Royal River known as Hilton Head, and by an island from which this head juts out, known as Hilton Head Island. A RELATION OF A DISCOVERY, BY WILLIAM HILTON, 1664 A Relation of a Discovery lately made on the Coast of Florida, {Froin Lat. 3L to 33 Deg. 45 Min. North-Lat.) By William Hilton Commander, and Commissioner with Capt. Anthony Long, and Peter Fahian, in the Ship Adventure, which set Sayl from Spikes Bay, Aug. 10. 1663. and was set forth hy several Gentlemen and Merchants of the Island of Barhadoes. Giving an account of the nature and temperature of the Soyl, the manners and disposition of the Natives, and whatsoever else is remarkable therein, together with Proposals made by the Commissioners of the Lords Proprietors, to all such persons as shall become the first Setters on the Rivers, Har- bors, and Creeks there. London, Printed by J. C. for Simon Miller at the Star neer the West-end of St. Pauls, im4:.' A true Relation of a Voyage, upon discovery of part of the Coast of Florida, from the Lat. of 31 Deg. to 33 Deg. 45 m. North Lat. in the Ship Adventure, William Hilton Commander, and Commissioner with Captain Anthony Long and Peter Fabian; set forth by several Gentlemen and Merchants of the Island of Barbadoes; sailed from Spikes Bay, Aug. 10. 1663.^ After Sixteen days of fair weather, and prosperous winds, Wednesday the 26 instant, four of the clock in the Afternoon, God be thanked, we espied Land on the Coast of Florida, in the lat. of 32 deg. 30 min. being four Leagues or there- abouts to the Northwards of Saint Ellens,^ having run five hun- * Title-page of original. ^ Heading of original, p. 1. ^ The name by which the Spaniards then designated Port Royal. Port Royal was the name given by Jean Ribault, the French explorer, when he reached it on his voyage of exploration in 1562. 37 38 NARRATIVES OF EARLY CAROLINA [1663 dred and fifty Leagues; and to the Westward of the Meridian of Barbadoes, three hundred thirty and one Leagues. This Evening and the Night following we lay off and on : Thursday the 27th instant, in the morning, we stood in with the Land, and coasted the Shoar to the Southward, Ankering at Nights, and sending our Boat out a Mornings, till we came into the lat. of 31 deg. but found no good harbour that way. On Sunday the 30th instant, we tacked, and stood Northward: and on Wednesday the second of September, we came to an Anchor in five fathoms at the mouth of a very large opening of three Leagues wide, or thereabouts, in the lat. of 32 deg. 30 min. and sent our Boat to sound the Channel. On Thurs- day the third, we entered the Harbour, and found that it was the River Jordan,^ and was but four Leagues or there- abouts N. E. from Port Royal, which by the Spanyards is called St. Ellens:^ within Land, both Rivers meet in one. We spent some time to sound the Chanels both without and within, and to search the Rivers in several branches, and to * The harbor was doubtless St. Helena Sound and the river the Combahee. professor William J. Rivers, one of the most accurate of our historians, says (A Sketch of the History of South Carolina, foot-note, pp. 16-17), "The reiterated statement in our authors, that the 'Jordan' is the Combahee, I am not prepared to adopt, after a close examination of the accounts of early voyages, old maps and charts, and a comparison of Indian names that have been handed down to us. If, however, we believe that Cutisi-chiqui was the old name of Silver Bluff, the Jordan could not have been far from the Savannah river." At the time Professor Rivers wrote (1856) Sandford's narrative was inaccessible to him, and he probably did not examine Hilton's, for their location of the Jordan certainly identifies it as the Combahee. " Professor Rivers {ibid., p. 15), speaking of the Spanish expedition from Hispaniola to the coast of what is now South Carolina in 1520, also says: "They entered a bay, a cape of which they named St. Helena, and a river in its vicinity they called the Jordan." The name St. Helena has been preserved in that vicinity to the present time, and St. Ellen's was probably another form of writing the same name. Formed by Port Royal River, Morgan River, and several creeks and inlets is St. Helena Island, a large and fertile island that has played no in- conspicuous part in the history of South Carolina. In 1712 a parish (an eccle- siastical and legislative sub-division of the province of South Carolina) was laid off contiguous thereto and inclusive thereof and named St. Helena's Parish. By the constitution of 1865 the parishes were abolished as political sub-divisions of South Carolina and St. Helena's passed out of existence. A large sound extend- ing from the mouth of the Coosaw tp the mouth of the Combahee also bears the name St. Helena. 1663] WILLIAM HILTON'S RELATION 39 view the Land. On Saturday the fifth of September, two Indians came on Board us from the N. E. shoar, whom we entertained courteously, and afterwards set them on shoar. On Sunday the sixth, several Indians came on Board us, and said they were of St. Ellens; being very bold and familiar; speaking many Spanish words, as, Cappitan, Commarado, and Adeus.^ They know the use of Guns, and are as little startled at the firing of a Peece of Ordnance, as he that hath been used to them many years: they told us the nearest Spanyards were at St. Augustins, and several of them had been there, which as they said was but ten days journey; and that the Spanyards used to come to them at Saint Ellens, sometimes in Canoa's within Land, at other times in small Vessels by Sea, which the Indians describe to have but two Masts. They invited us to come to St. Ellens with our Ship, which they told us we might do within Land. Munday the 14 September, our Long-Boat went with twelve hands within Land to St. Ellens. On Wednesday the 16th, came five Indians on board us; one of them pointing to another, said, he was the Grandy Captain of Edistow ^: whereupon we took especial notice of him, and entertained him accordingly, giving him several Beads, and other trade that pleased him well: He invited us to bring up our Ship into a branch on the N. E. side, and told us of one Captain Francisco, and four more English that were in his custody on shoar; whereupon we shewed him store of all Trade, as Beads, Hoes, Hatchets and Bills, etc., and said, he should have all those things if he would bring the English on board us; w°^ he promised ^ Capitan, camarado, o Sir Nath. Johnson, Governour, sallary 200Z. a Year. Col. James Moor, Col. Thomas Brought on. Col. Rob. Gibbs, Mr. Nich. Trott, Mr. . Ward, Mr. Hen. Noble, Speaker of the Assembly, William Rhett, Esq. The Secretary, Ward, Esq; his Salary 60Z. a Year. The Chief Justice, Mr. Trott, 60Z. The Judge of the Admiralty-Court, Col. James Moor, 401. Surveyor General, How, Esq; 401. Attorney General, Col. James Moor, 60?. Receiver General, the same, 001. Naval Officer, Mr. Trott, 40Z. Collector of the Customs, Col. Thomas Broughton. Agent for the Colony in England, Mr. Joseph Boone. Counsellors. INDEX Abaco, wreck near, 111. Abrahall, Richard, 85; testimonial relative to Sandford's explorations, 108. Adventure, ship, 33. Albemarle, George, Duke of, patent granted to, 33, 287. Albemarle, ship, wreck of the, 111. Albemarle County, 166; description of, 361. Albemarle Point, location, 120 n; West's narrative of events at, 112; see also Charles Town. AUibone's Dictionary of American Au- thors, 36. Alumni Oxonienses, by Foster, 179 n. Alush, 40, 90, 101, 116 n. America, discovery of, 286-287. America, by John Ogilby, 139 n. America, Winsor's Narrative and Criti- cal History of, 29 n. American Historical Review, 180, 215 n. Amory, Jonathan, speaker, 299, 335. Amy, Thomas, 338; received share in Carolina from Seth Sothell, 308 n. Andrews, Charles M., Colonial Self- Governmervt, 180. Anne, Queen, bounty, 214, 214 n. Apachancano, see Opechancanough. Apalachicola River, 133 n. Apalachicoloes, 336. Apalachites, 321. Appamattuck guide, see Pyancha. Aranjuez y Cotes, Don Alonso, Gover- nor of Florida, 54. Archdale, Gov. John, 204 n, 307; op- poses the passage of the Exclusion Act, 259, 259 n; claim to governor- ship, 279, 335; sale of Berkeley's share to, 279; establishes harmony in South Carolina, 279; pamphlet printed, 280-281 ; New Description of that Fertile and Pleasant Province of Carolina, 282-310; introduction to readers, 282-283; comments on the Exclusion Act, 283; remarks on Divine Providence, 284-285; sketch of the discovery of America by Co- lumbus, 286-287; comments on the propagation of the Gospel, 293, 294; entrusted with mission to South Carolina, 296, 297; letter of the Carolina Assembly to, 297; letter of thanks from the Commons in Charles Town, 298-299; letter relative to transportation of New Englanders to South Carolina, 299-300; letter to the Spanish governor, 300-301; returns to England, 302; efforts to pacify Dissenters and Churchmen, 305; comments on government of Carolina, 307; advice relative to conditions in Carolina, 308-309; comments on the silk industry in Carolina, 310; Parliament presents address of thanks to, 335; settles differences between the English and Spanish Indians, 335-336; opposes ratification of bill against Dissenters, 353. Arguelles, Capt. Alonso de, letters from, 53-54, 56-57. Arratommakaw, King of the Yani- oseaves, conduct in the expedition against St. Augustine, 344. Arx Carolina, see Fort Charles. Ash, John, 252; presents petition rela- tive to election abuses, 258, 268, 274, 345, 349; The Present State of Affairs in Carolina, 269-276; objection to election of Governor Morton, 269; election of Governor Moore, 269; Moore's plan to gain the Indian trade, 270, 270 n, 271 n; the As- sembly dissolved, 270, 270 n.; elec- tion abuses, 271, 271 n.; Moore's plan to take St. Augustine, 272; results of expedition, 273; various riots under Moore's governorship, 273-274; appointed to present peti- 375 376 INDEX tion, 274; extortions practised, 275; proposes confirmation of the Funda- mental Constitutions, 341-342. Ashby, John, 350. Ashe, Thomas, Carolina, or a De- scription of the Present State of that Country, 138-158; first discovery of the country, 138; object of going to Carohna, 140; derivation of the name Carohna, 140; settlements at Fort Charles, 141, 141 n.; descrip- tion of the country, 141-142; variety of trees, 142-143; the cultivation of silk, 143; vineyards, 144; building material, 144; roots and herbs, 144- 145; vegetables, grain and tobacco, 145-147; other productions de- scribed, 148-149; cattle and game, 150-155; minerals, 155-156; de- scription of the natives, 156-157; settlement of Charles Town, 157- 158. Ashepoo River, 92 n., 96, 96 n. Ashley, Lord, see Shaftesbury, Earl of. Ashley Barony, 128 n. Ashley River, 94 n.; location, 106- 107; Mr. Carteret's Relation of their Planting at Ashley River, 116-120. Ashley River settlement, 94, 94 n. beginning of, 112, 166; climate, 168 foimding of a church, 195, 196, 197 productions, 168. Axtell, Lady Rebecca, entertains Elder William Pratt, 195, 195 n. Bahama Islands, 124; West's explora- tion party wrecked on the. 111. Bandoleer, 41 n. Barbados Adventurers, Corporation of the, 34. Barbados, important colony, 33; Hil- ton's exploration party returns to, 53. Barony, definition of, 128 n., 295 n. Barrow, Robert, 301, 336. Barton, Thomas, 350. Baskerville, Hannibal, 179. Bath, John, Earl of, 338; eldest Pro- prietor, 232 n. Beamer, Mrs., 197 n. Bellinger, Landgrave Edmimd, 349; attempts to suppress riot, 346, 347. Beresford, Richard, 350; votes for, 271 n. Berkeley, Lord (John Berkeley), patent granted to, 33, 287. Berkeley, Sir William, 8, 8 n.; letters patent granted to, 33; death, 279. Berkeley Bay, named, 85. Berkeley County, 332, 366; descrip- tion of, 362. Berkeley Island, named, 15. Bermuda, sloop obtained at, to replace the Port Royal, 111. Birds of South Carolina, by A. T. Wayne, 151 n. Blair, Rev. John, sent out as mission- ary to North Carolina, 213; hazard- ous journey, 214; arrival in Virginia, 214; ordination, 214; preachings and baptisms, 215; maintenance, 216; different religious sects, 216; difficulties of labor, 217; distances between settlements, 217; account of the Indians, 217-218; prisoner of war in France, 218. Blake, Benjamin, 295, 295 n.; arrival in Carohna, 331. Blake, Elizabeth (Axtell), 250 n., let- ter relative to conditions in Carolina, 250-252. jH Blake, Gov. Joseph, 196, 196 n., 260 n., V 268; appointed deputy governor of South Carolina, 204, 204 n.; rule in South Carolina, 280; purchases share of Lord Berkeley, 302 n.; succeeds Governor Archdale, 302, 302 n., 338, 338 n.; procures main- tenance for Church of England min- ister, 306, 338; Proprietor of Caro- lina, 307; death, 221, 267, 338. Bland, Edward, pamphlet of, 3-4; title-page of the original pamphlet, 5; Discovery of New Brittaine, 5-19, 23; permission granted to make discoveries, 7; exploring party meets Indians, 8-9; invited to home of Oyeocker, 9; visited by Chounter- ounte, 9; Indian tells them of dan- gers, 10; journey to Meherrin, 10-11; Indians at Meherrin entertain, 11; sends message to Tuscarora Indians, 11; leaves Meherrin, 12; journey to Roanoke River, 12-13; arrival at river, 14; kindness of Indians, 14- 15; names rivers, etc., 15; Oye- ocker refuses to lead, 16; names New Brittaine, 16; reaches Brew- INDEX 377 ster's River, 17; treachery of Ind- ians to, 17-19; dealings with Oc- connosquay, 17; returns to Meherrin, 18; arrival at Fort Henry, 19. Blandina River, named, 15; descrip- tion of, 16-17. Blandina River Indians, treachery of Appachancano, 16. Blome, Richard, Description of the Island of Jamaica, 139, 139 n.; Pres- ent State of His Majesty's Isles and Territories in America, 139 n, 163. Blowers, Pyam, reward for discoveries on the Carolina coast, 57. Board of Trade, report to, by Edward Randolph, 203. Boone, Joseph, petition presented by, 247, 264 n., 353, 354; comments by Daniel Defoe, 258-260; appointed on the commission to decide dif- ferences between the English and the Indians, 329; assault on, 346. Bowell, Edward, imprisoned by Span- iards, 205. Bray, Rev. Dr. Thomas, 215, 215 n., 364. Brayne, Henry, 85, placed in command of vessel by Sandford, 86; biographi- cal sketch, 86 n.; meets Sandford, 101; testimonial relative to Sand- ford's explorations, 108; letter to Lord Ashley, 124 n. Brayne Sound, 100. Braziletto, 124 n. Brewster, Sackford, 3, 5, 8, 19. Brewster's Island, named, 13. Brewster's Point, named, 15. Brewster's River, named, 13. British Empire in America, The His- tory of the, by John Oldmixon, 315. Broad River, 100 n. Broughton, Col. Thomas, 256, 350; votes for, 271 n. Buckley, John, votes for, 271 n. Bull, Col. Stephen, 336; votes for, 271 n.; tale relative to the Indians, 301-302. Bull's Bay, 117 n. Bull's Island, Beaufort County, 103 n. Burnet, Bishop Gilbert, 283. Burnham, Dr. Charles, votes for, 271 n. Cabot, Sebastian, 165 n., furnished with ships, 287, 317; expedition to Florida coast, 287, 288; discovery of Carolina, 157. Cacores, description of, 27-28. Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, 1661-1668, 67 n., 77 n., 78 n., 79, 80 n. Calibogue Soimd, exploration of, 103, 103 n. Caouitas, 133, 133 n. Cape Carteret (Romain), 111, 113, 116. Cape Fear Indians, treatment of the English, 302; treatment by other Indians, 302. Cape Fear River, 33; Hilton explores country around, 34; description of the sail of Hilton's party up, 45-49; purchase of the river and land, 52; description of the country around, 67-68, 68-70; settlement made, 77; casting away of an English vessel on, 302. Cardross, Lord (Henry Erskine), settle- ment made by, 292, 292 n., 333; returns to Scotland, 333. Caribby Islands, History of the, by John Davies, 320 n. Carlisle Bay, 53. Carolina, Province of, brief description published in London, 65; location, 66-67, 141, 165, 288, 360; source of name, 66, 88, 140, 140 n., 319, 319 n.; chmate, 141, 168-169, 288, 290-291, 360; soil, 141-142, 290, 368; trees, 142-143, 144, 170, 290; silk indus- try, 143, 143 n., 310; vineyards, 144, 174-175; roots and herbs, 144-145; gardens, 145; grain, 146; vegetables, 146; indigo, 147, 147 n.; tobacco, 147, 147 n.; ambergris, 148-149; cattle and game, 149-150, 170, 171- 172, 289; birds, 150-151; fire-flies, 151-152; fish, 152-155, 171; pro- ductions and commodities, 175-176, 288-289, 368; rivers, 291, 361, 361 n. 362, 362 n., 370; charter granting extension of boundaries, 33; excur- sions into, letter of Francis Yeardley relative to, 25-29; expedition to ex- plore coast, 33-35; grant for the province, 33; Hilton's expedition reaches coast, 34; inducements to settle in, 35; terms to subscribers of the expedition fund, 35; rewards for 378 INDEX discoveries made in, 57-58; pro- posals made to the first settlers, 67-61; grants to settlers, 71-73, 158, 173, 322; formal possession taken by Sandford, 88; map of, 139; settlement by the French, 140, 141, 141 n.; natives and their customs, 156, 172-173, 289; letters patent, 165; power of the Lords Proprietors, 165-166; method of obtaining land, 173-174; letters of Thomas Newe relative to conditions in, 181-187; constitution, 225, 227-233; address to the Proprietors from Colleton County, 236-248; petition from certain freeholders, 248-250; letter from Elizabeth Blake relative to conditions in, 250-252; act against the Dissenters, 253-256, 256 n.; election abuses and contests, 271, 271 n., 272 n., 341, 345; first dis- coveries of, 287; provisions for transportation and settlement, 288, 326; advantages of trade with, 292; propagation of the gospel, 293, 294, 311, 311 n., 322; powers and officers of the government, 294-295; diffi- culties and dangers of the govern- ment, 295; governors, 295, 296, 334; to be made a bulwark to the colonies, 306; names of Proprietors, 307; comments by Governor J. Archdale, 307; advice of the governor relative to conditions in, 308-309; repealing of injurious acts, 311; expeditions sent by Admiral Coligny, 318, 319; arrival of Ren^ Laudonniere, 319; expedition of Captain De Gourgues, 320; conflict between French and Spanish under Ribaut and Laudon- niere, 320; description of, before the English settlement, 321; patent granted the Earl of Clarendon, 322; powers given to the Proprietors, 322-323; conduct of the Proprietors, 323; religious toleration, 324; Con- stitutions drawn up by the Pro- prietors, 324; Palatine's powers, 324-325: Fundamental Constitutions, 325-326; division of, 326, 360; Ash- ley River settlement, 327, 327 n.; Captain Halsted sent with provisions, 327; form of government, 327; model of a town, 328; date of tem- porary laws, 328; differences be- tween Proprietors and planters, 329; counties, 332, 360-361, 362, 365, 366- 367; settlement of the Scots in, 333; new form of government drawn up, 334; no vindication for disorders in, 340; act establishing the Church of England, 350; illegality of the Church Act of 1704, 352; repeal of act, 354; address to the Queen in behalf of, 355-356; Assembly dis- solved, 357; Assembly disowned by the governor, 358; list of Proprietors and chief officers, 373; Account of the Province of Carolina, 139 n.; Carolina, or a Description of the Present State of that Country, by Thomas Ashe, 138-158; Descrip- tion of Carolina, 331, 333 n.; The Humble Address, etc. Relating to the Province of Carolina, 264 n.; The Present State of Affairs in Caro- lina, 345; see also North Carolina; South Carolina. Carolina, ship. 111; letter of Governor Sayle relating to expedition of, 122- 124. Carroll, B. R., Historical Collections of South Carolina, 163, 281, 316. Carteret, Sir George, patent granted to, 33, 288. Carteret, James, appointed Land- grave, 327. Carteret, Lord, see Granville, Lord. Carteret, Nicholas, narrative relative to the settlement at Ashley River, 112; biographical sketch, 116 n.; Relation of their Planting at Ashley River, 116-120; kind reception by the Indians, 117; landing on Bull's Island, 117; trade with the Indians, 117, 119; food prepared by the Ind- ian women, 117; arrival at Port Royal River, 118; goes with Captain Brayne to explore channel, 118-119; whales found in river, 119; descrip- tion of St. Helena, 119. Carteret County, description of, 367. Cartwright, Sir George, see Carteret, Sir George. Cary, Capt. George, 85; accompanies Sandford on visit to Edisto, 90-91; testimonial relative to Sandford 's ex- plorations, 108. I INDEX 379 Gary Island, named, 96, 96 n.; situa- tion, 98. Cassiques, of the Indians, 90-104, passim; under the Proprietors, 294. Castell, W., A Short Discoverie of the Coasts and Continent of America, 317 n., 321 n. Chaphn's Island, 98 n. Charles I., King of England, grants Carolina to Heath, 3, 319 n. Charles II., King of England, grants patent for Carolina, 321-322. Charles II., King of Spain, death, 206 n. Charles V., sends Pdnfilo de Narvaez to Florida, 318. Charles IX., 318. Charles Fort, 41, 41 n.; location, 319, 319 n. Charles Island, named, 15. Charles River, see Cape Fear River. Charles Town, Ashley River, 261 n.; named, 128, 128 n.; location and de- scription of, 157-158, 205, 362-364; settlement of, 167, 167 n.; arrival of Thomas Newe, 181; letter of thanks to Governor Archdale from the Commons in, 298-299; expan- sion of trade, 310 n.; churches and ministers, 363-365, 366; public library, 364; population, 365. Charles Town, Cape Fear River, de- scription of, 68, 68 n.; settlement made, 77. Charleston, Year Book of the city of, 35, 79, 111 n. Charleston Harbor, 94 n., 106 n. Chatooga River, 133 n. Chawan Indians, king of, 13-14; grave of great man; 14. Chawan River, 8, 9, 12. Cherokee Indians, 133, 133 n. Chickahominy River, 13. Chounterounte, visits the English, 9, 10; apprehensions of danger to the English, 10. Chowan, North Carolina, 228 n.; see also Chawan. Church Act, of 1704, 224-225, 248-249, 251-252, 257; text of, 253-256; Archdale on, 304-307; Oldmixon on, 348-352; Proprietors sustain, 258- 260, 353-354; House of Lords dis- approves, 355-356; Queen Anne annuls, 356-357. Church Act, of 1706, 304, 304 n. Church of England, 223, 268; Arch- dale on, 30&-309; Oldmixon on, 330; see also Church Act. Churchcates, 336. Clarendon, Earl of (Edward Hyde), patent granted to, 33, 287. Clarendon County, description of, 361. Clutterbuck, Thomas, 58. Codner, Richard, 179. Coligny, Admiral Gaspard de, sends ships to America, 318; procures ships for a second expedition, 319. Colleton, Maj. Charles, votes for, 271 n. Colleton, Gov. James, settles in Charles Town, 333; chosen governor, 333; character, 333; expelled from the province, 279, 296 n., 334. Colleton, Sir John, 260 n., 307, 338; patent granted to, 33, 288; presented set of proposals for encouragement of settlers in Carolina, 35. Colleton County, 204, 204 n., 332; address to the Lords and Proprietors of Carolina, 236-248; complaints against the government, 237; elec- tion abuses, 238-240, 245, 347-348, 357; ruin of Indian trade, 240; charges relative to expedition against St. Augustine, 240-242; enumera- tion of riots, 243-244; description of, 366-367. Colliton County, Representation of the Members of, 345 n. Colonial Records of North Carolina, 77 n., 140 n., 213, 230 n. Colonial Self -Government, by C. M. Andrews, 180. Columbus, Christopher, attempt to obtain ships for expedition, 286; furnished with vessels by the King and Queen of Spain, 287; departure for the Indies, 287. Combahee (Jordan) River, 38, 42; Hilton's party sail up, 34; en- trance to, 43-44; description of the land around, 44-45; explored by Sandford, 92, 92 n., 93. Compton, Bishop Henry, 352, 352 n. Cooper, Anthony Ashley, see Shaftes- bury, Earl of. Cooper River, 167. Coranines, 286, 337. Cosmographie, by Peter Heylin, 151 n. 380 INDEX Courtenay, William A., The Genesis of South Carolina, 35-36. Cowetas, 133 n. Crane, Joshua Eddy, 193. Crane Island, 52. Craven, William, Earl of, 338; patent granted to, 287; Proprietor of Caro- lina, 307; made Palatine, 328. Craven County, 332; election abuses, 347-348, 357; description of, 362. Culpeper, John, sent to England as a prisoner, 329. Currituck Inlet, 25 n. Cusitaw Indians, 134, 134 n. Dalton, Thomas, 345. Daniel, Maj., new constitution brought from England, 338. Daniel, Col. Robert, 177; commanded land division in the expedition against St. Augustine, 342-343; captures St. John's and St. Mary's, 343; takes St. Augustine, 343; escape of, 344. Danvers, Sir John, 5 n. Davies, Sir John, 248 n. Davies, John, of Kidwelly, History of the Caribby Islands, 320 n. Davis, Capt. David, votes for, 271 n. Davis, William, letters to, 55-56. Dawhoo River, 92 n. Dearsley, Lieut.-Col. George, 242, 243, 271 n., 345. Defoe, Daniel, 223; text of his pamphlet, Party-Tyrany in South Carolina, 224-264; duty of the English House of Commons, 224; remarks on the constitution of Carolina, 225-233; criticism of the Proprietors and government of South Carolina, 233- 236, 247-248; address to Lord Gran- ville, 236-247; complaint relative to violations of laws, 237; charges against Governor Moore, 237-238; election abuses, 238-239, 245; reg- ulations of the Indian trade, 240; commissions granted to destroy Indians, 240; complaints regarding expeditions against St. Augustine, 240-242; charges relative to as- saults and riots, 242-245; French imposed upon, 246; petition brought to Proprietors by Joseph Boone, 247-250; letter from Lady Blake to the Proprietors, 250-252; Act of Exclusion against the Dissenters, 253-256; comments on the Act by, 256-257; comments on reception of petitions presented by John Ash and Joseph Boone, 258-260; conclusions relative to elections, 260-264. De Gourgues, Capt. Dominic, expedi- tion to Carolina, 320; no settlement made, 320. Dictionary of American Authors, 36. Dictionary of National Biography, 78 n. Dissenters, Exclusion Act passed against, 253-256, 256 n., 303, 303 n., 304, 348; Rev. Edward Marston op- poses action taken against, 262, 262 n., 351; test of strength between Churchmen and Dissenters, 268; troubles with the Churchmen, 305; Archdale's efforts to pacify, 305, 353; held by the pleasantness of the coun- try, 307; persecution in England against, 329-330; reasons for leav- ing England, 330; increase settle- ments, in Carolina, 333; Dissenters in Carolina, The Case of the, 349, 353. Dodsworth, Anthony, commission from Governor Moore to destroy Indians, 342. Dorchester, Carolina, 191, 192, 195- 197; description of, 366. Dorchester, Mass., church sent to South Carohna, 191, 192, 193. Dorchester, New England, Records of the First Church at, 191 n., 192, 192 n. Edisto, 39, 40. Edisto Island, 87 n. Edisto River, 44; formation of, 39 n; description of the land around, 44- 45; discovered by Sandford, 87. Eleuthera, 111. Eve, Capt. Abraham, votes for, 271 n. Exclusion Act, 253-256, 256 n.; com- ments by Daniel Defoe, 256-258; comments by Governor Archdale, 283; danger of the, 306-307; see also Church Act, of 1704. Exeter College, 180. Fabian, Peter, 53; sent to explore the Carolina coast, 33; reward for dis- coveries, 57. Farmer, Robert, 8. INDEX 381 Farmer's Chase, 8. Farrar, John, 29, 29 n. Farrar, Virginia, 29. Fast Days, 200. Federal and State Constitutions, by Thorpe, 230 n. Fitz, Jonathan, appointed on the com- mission to decide differences be- tween the Enghsh and the Indians, 329. Florida, discovery of coast, 37; ex- pedition from South Carohna sent to invade, 222; plans for a second invasion of, 222; visited by Sebas- tian Cabot, 287, 288; expedition of Hernando de Soto to, 318; P^nfilo de Narvaez sent to, 318; Spaniards claim to, 318; Vasquez de Ayllon sent to, 318; discoveries by Jean Ribaut, 319. Fort Charles, 140 n.; settlements made at, 141, 141 n. Fort Henry, Bland's arrival at, 19. Fowler, Christopher, 354. France, civil wars in, 319; peace be- tween Papists and Protestants, 319. French, defeated by South Carolina troops, 291 n.; in Florida, 140, 141, 318-321. French Protestants, in South Carolina, 209 n., 238 n. Friendship, brigantine, leaves Boston for South Carolina, 194. Fuller, William, appointed on commis- sion to decide differences between the English and the Indians, 329. Fundamental Constitutions, 230-232, 328, 338; opposition to, 342. Gibbes, Col. Robert, 256, 350. Gilbertson, James, 197 n. Giles, Thomas, 85, 90; testimonial relative to Sandford's explorations, 108. Godfrey, Capt. John, 58, 350; votes for, 271 n. •Grandy River, see Edisto River. 'Granville, Lord, (John Carteret), 232, 259, 338; address from Assembly of Colleton County, 236-248; petition relative to complaints from certain freeholders in Carolina, 248-250; Proprietor of Carolina, 307; as Palatine countenances divisions in Carolina, 339; favors Governor Moore, 340; interests with prevail- ing party in Carolina, 349; refusal to call Board of Proprietors, 353. Green's River, 49. Grimball, Mr., house robbed by Span- iards, 205. Guerard, Peter Jacob, 69 n., 143 n., 208, 208 n. Guppell, Capt. John, votes for, 271 n. Halsted, Capt., sent with provisions to Carolina, 327; ordered to make discoveries on the Ashley River, 328. Hancock, John, reward for discoveries on the Carolina coast, 57. Harvey, Lieut. Samuel, 85, 90; testi- monial relative to Sandford's ex- plorations, 108. Harvey Haven, 87, 101. Haynokes, resisted Spanish invasions, 28. Heath, Sir Robert, grant from Charles I., 3, 319 n. Henry VII., 138; furnished Sebastian Cabot with ships, 287; lost oppor- tunity of possessing Mexican mines, 287. Henry VIII., furnished Sebastian Cabot with ships, 317. Hex-t, Hugh, 350. Heylin, Peter, Cosmographie, 151 n, Hickauhaugan, see Westo town. High Commission Court, 350. Hilton, Capt. William, expedition under, to explore Carolina coast, 33-35; party reaches Carolina, 34; sails up Combahee River, 34; explores country about the Cape Fear River, 34; sights coast of Florida, 37; en- ters harbor to Jordan River, 38, 38 n. ; treatment by the Indians, 39; sends boat to St. Ellens, 39, 40; Indians deliver up some English prisoners, 40; treachery of Indians, 40-41; sends letter to English prisoners, 41; prisoners demanded from Indians, 42; dealings with the Spaniards, 42; sails for Port Royal, 43; description of course, 43-44; description of the Edisto River and the country around it, 44-45; exploration of the Cape Fear River, 45-49; dealings with Indians around the Cape Fear 382 INDEX River, 49-51; arrives at Hilton's River, 51; purchases Cape Fear River and land, 52; sails for Bar- bados, 53; letters from, 54-56. Hilton Head Island, 36; location rela- tive to Gary Island, 98. Hilton's expedition, reward to mem- bers for discoveries on the Carolina coast, 57. Hilton's River, exploration of, 49-51. Historical Collections, by B. R. Car- roll, 316. Hocomawanack River, see Roanoke River. Home, Robert, Brief Description of the Province of Carolina, 65-74. Hotten, J. C, Original Lists of Persons , . . who went from Great Britain to the American Plantations, 1600-1700, 23 n. Howes, Capt. Job, votes for, 271 n., 350, 357; elected speaker, 348, 358- 359. Hubbard, Thomas, 350. Huguenots, 209 n., 246 n.; see also French Protestants. Humble Address, etc., Relating to the Province of Carolina, 264 n. Hunting Islands, see Gary Island. Hyde, Edward, see Clarendon, Earl of. Indians, meet Bland's party, 8-9; visit Hilton's party, 39; deliver up some English prisoners, 40; treach- ery toward Hilton, 40-41; more prisoners demanded from, 42; Hil- ton's dealings with Indians around Cape Fear River, 49-51; present gifts to Sandford, 100; kind reception to Nicholas Carteret and party, 117; trade, 117; food prepared by the women, 117; dress of the women, 117, 118; reception of Dr. Wood- ward's party, 132; treatment by the English in Carolina, 172-173; Blair's intercourse with, 218; popu- lation, 218, 218 n.; bill relative to, 270, 271, 271 n.; cruelty of the Eng- lish, 285; reduction of numbers, 285, 286, 337, 371-372; trouble be- tween Indians under the English and Spanish rule, 300-301, 335-336; Colonel Bull's tale relative to, 301- 302; treatment of the Cape Fear Ind- ians, 302; kind reception of Ren^ Laudonniere, 319; conversion to Christianity, 320, 321; massacre of the English in Virginia and New Eng- land, 321; trade with, 310, 310 n., 332; commission appointed to de- cide differences with the English, 329; commission dissolved, 331; friendliness to the English, 336; justice for murder committed, 336- 337; war prevented, 337; commis- sions given by Governor Moore for the destruction of, 342; Samuel Thomas sent as missionary to, 372; description of, 372; see also Apalachicoloes; Apalachites; Arra- tommakaw; Blandina River Ind- ians; Cacores; Caouitas; Cape Fear Indians; Cassique Indians; Cha- wan Indians; Cherokee Indians; Chounterounte; Coranines; Cusitaw Indians; Haynokes; Mallicans; Me- herrin Indians; Nessoneicks; Notta- way kings; Occonacheans; Occonos- quay; Opechancanough; Oyeocker; Pemlico Indians; Pyancha; Roan- oke Indians; Savannah Indians; Sewee Indians; Stono Indians; "Wattcoosa Indians; Westo Indians; Woodford Indians; Yemassee Ind- dians. Iroquois Indians, see Meherrin Indians. Izard, Ralph, 270 n., 350. Jamaica, Island of. Description of ike, by Richard Blome, 139, 139 n. James Island, 122 n., 198. Johnson, Sir Nathaniel, 256; efforts to raise silk, 143 n.; those injured in riots apply to governor for jus- tice, 274; responsibility for religi- ous troubles, 303, 303 n., 350; be- havior of, 304. Jordan River, see Gombahee River. Journal of the Grand Council of South Carolina, 184 n. Journals of the Commons House of Assembly, 209 n. Keowee River, 133 n. Kiawah, see Ashley River settlement. Kyrle, Sir Richard, appointed govern- or, 332. I INDEX 383 Ladinwah Creek, exploration of, and description of the country, 89, 89 n. Laudonniere, Rene, arrival in Carolina, 319; kind reception by the Indians, 319; search for gold and silver mines, 319; returns to France, 320. LeSerurier, James, jr., see Smith, James. LeSerurier, James, sr., 251 n. Letters of Early Colonists, 1670, 109, 114. Locke, John, 232; appointed a land- grave, 327. Logan, Col. George, 350; votes for, 271 n. Long, Capt. Anthony, 53; sent to ex- plore coast of Carolina, 33; reward for discoveries, 57. Lord, Rev. Joseph, 191; ordained minister of emigrating church from Dorchester, Mass., 196 n. Ludwell, Col. Philip, succeeds Gov. Sothell, 280. Mackoone, Robert, commission from Gov. Moore to destroy Indians, 342. Maharineck, see Meherrin. MaUicans, 321. :, * Marrow of History, by Sir Waited' Raleigh, 7. Marston, Rev. Edward, opposes action against the Dissenters, 262, 262 n.; censure of, 351; persecution, 352. Martin, John, extortions from, 275. Mathews, Maurice, narrative of the Three Brothers, 112; biographical sketch, 114 n.; anchors at St. Katherina, 114; treatment by the Indians, 114-116; appointed on commission to decide differences between the English and the Ind- ians, 329; complaints against, 331. May River, see Savannah River. Meherrin, Bland's journey to, 10-11; Indians entertain explorers, 11; explorers return to, 18. Meherrin Indians, 10, 10 n., 11, 12. Meherrin River, description of, 12. Menendez, Pedro, 320 n. Methodus Plantarum Nova, by John Ray, 184 n. Midway Congregational Church, His- tory of the, by Reverend James Stacy, 193. Militia Act, 295; non-settlement, 334. Modyford, Col., 34; presents set of pro- posals for encouragement of settlers in Carohna, 35. Monck, George, see Albemarle, George, Duke of. Mooney, James, The Siouan Tribes of the East, 218 n. Moore, Gov. (Col.) James, 207, 207 n., 256, 350; succeeds Gov. Joseph Blake and defeats Joseph Morton, 221, 267, 269, 280, 303, 339; marriage, 267; op- position of enemies, 268; introduces bill regulating Indian trade, 270, 270 n., 340; dissolves Assembly, 270, 270 n., 341, 341 n.; election abuses under, 271, 271 n., 272 n.; expedition against St. Augustine, 272-273, 341, 342-343; riots under governorship of, 273-274, 345-347; complaints against, 275-276, 345; opposes Morton, 338-339; new As- sembly called, 340; commissions given for destruction of the Indians, 342; misrepresentation of, 344, 344 n. Morgan River, 101 n. Morris Island, 122 n. Morton, Gov. Joseph, 196, 196 n., 349; loses slaves, 205; attacked by Span- iards, 205; appointed governor, 329, 329 n.; opposition to as governor, 267, 269, 338-339; acts passed, 332; protests against validity of objec- tions to his election, 339, 339 n. Mount-Bonny, Hilton's treaty of peace with the Indians, 51. Narvaez, Panfilo de, sent by Charles V. to Florida, 318. Nary, Nicholas, 345. New Brittaine, discovery, 5-6; journal relative to discovery, 8-19; named, 16. New England, colonists from, 191-200, 299; Indian massacres in, 321. New London, 196, 196 n., 291 n.; description of, 367. Newcomb's Forest, named, 11. Newe, Thomas, biographical sketch, 179-180; letters to father relative to conditions in Carolina, 181-187; arrival at Charles Town, 181; con- ditions in the town, 181; prospects 384 INDEX for trade, 181-182, 184; war with the Indians, 182; furs and skins ex- changed by the Indians for arms and ammunition, 183; exports to Barbados, 184; writes home for book on plants, 184; wants to know the price of sassafras in England, 185; capture of Spanish by the French and English, 185; an Indian reports the plan of an attack by the Spanish, 185-186. Newxes, 27. Noble, Henry, 256. Norman, William, grant of land, 192. North Carolina, 8-19, 25-29, 360; condition of the church in, 215, 216; Colonial Records of North Carolina, 77 n., 140 n., 213, 230 n.; see also Carolina, Province of. Norton, John, 179. Norvill, Thomas, 58. Nottaway Creek, 8. Nottaway Kings, 9. Nottaway town, 8. Occasional bills, 225, 225 n.; see also Church Act. Occonacheans, 16. Occonnosquay, 17. Oconee River, 134 n. Ogilby, John, America, 139, 139 n. Old South Leaflets, 203 n. Oldmixon, John, The History of the British Empire in America, 315; criticism on work of, 315-316; ex- tracts from, 317-373. Oniseecau, see Bull's Island. Opechancanough, 11; makes war on the Tuscaroras, 13; treachery tow- ard Blandina River Indians, 16. Original Lists of Persons . . . who went from Great Britain to the Ameri- can Plantations, 1600-1700, by J. C. Hotten, 23 n. Oyeocker, invites Bland's party to his home, 9; acts as guide, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19. Paice, Joseph, 354. Parris Island, named, 41 n.; location, 41 n., 101. Pawhatan, see Powhatan. Pemlico Indians, 286. Penn, William, 305. Penna Mount River, description of land around, 9. Pennant, Capt. Elias, 3, 5, 8, 19. Pennant's Bay, naming of, 15. Periaguas, 342, 342 n. Perry, Micaiah, 354. Petersburg, Virginia, 8 n. Pierpont, Rev. Benjamin, death in Charles Town, 199, 199 n. Pilot's Creek, 101 n. Pinckney, Mrs. Elizabeth (Lucas), 143 n. Ponce de Leon, Juan, 165 n.; dis- coveries, 317; names Florida, 317. Port Royal, named, 37 n., 319; de- scription of, 43, 44-45, 292, 368; Sandford's search for, 94-98; arrival at the mouth of, 98; explorations, 98-101; location, 98-100; Sandford proposes to leave, 104; expedition sent to make settlement about. 111; attacked by Spaniards, 205; see also St. Ellen's. Port Royal, ship. 111. Porto Rico, Island of. Ponce de Leon sails from, 317. Powhatan, King of, strangles King of Chawan, 14. Pratt, Elder William, sent to South Carolina from church in Dorchester, 191, 192; journal of voyages, 191- 192, 194-200; biographical sketch, 192-193; sails from Boston, 194, 198; coast of Carolina sighted, 195; reception by the people of Carolina, 195; interviews people in regard to founding church, 195-196; goes to Charles Town, 196; criticism of the people from New England, 197; elections at Charles Town, 197; drawing of lots, 199, 199 n.; deaths from small-pox, 199-200; fast days, 200. Proprietors of Carolina, and Hilton Adventurers, 33, 34, 287, 288; pub- lish Home's Description, 65; send out Yeaman's expedition, 77-78; send settlers to Port Royal, 111; letters to, 109-124; publish Ashe's pamphlet, 137; Wilson's, 163; legal position of, 227-230; frame Funda- mental Constitutions, 230-232; con- duct of government by, 233-236, 294-296, 322-328; Representation INDEX 385 of Colleton County to, 236-247; petition to, 248-249; letter of Mrs. Blake to, 250-252; sustain Church Act, 257-260, 353-354; Ashe's re- monstrance to, 269-276; elections by, 279, 280, 326, 328; conduct of, 294-296; letter of Commons to, 298-299; list of, 307. Public Records, Deputy- Keeper of the, Thirty-third Report of the, 230 n. Pyancha, 19; an Appamattuck guide of Bland's party, 8, 9; makes a sign in the path, 13, 14; tells of treachery, 16; advice of, 18. Pyancha's Park, named, 14; Bland's party quartered at, 15. Quakers, 214, 216, 283. Quary, Robert, chosen governor, 333, 333 n. Quit-rents, 296 n. Raleigh, Sir Walter, observation on 35 degrees latitude, 7-8; Marrow of History, 7. Randolph, Edward, arrival at Charles Town, 203, 204; letter to the Board of Trade, 204-210; administers oath to Joseph Blake, 204, 303 n.; population statistics, 204, 204 n., 205 n.; attack on Gov. Morton's house by the Spaniards, 205; de- struction of property by the Span- iards, 205; English plan to take St. Augustine, 206; fear of French settle- ment on the Mississippi, 206; Moore's quest of the Mississippi, 207, 207 n.; great improvements made in Carolina, 207; commodities, 207, 208; draft of town and castle of St. Augustine, 209; need of vessel for transportation of, 209-210; suffers from cold, 210. Ray, John, Methodus Plantarum Nova, 184 n. Reese, Bartholomew, 58. Renew, Peter, 354. Rhett, Col. William, 291 n., 345, 350; succeeds Job Howes as Speaker, 359. Ribaut, Jean, placed in command of ships sent to America, 140, 318; names rivers, 318-319; mutiny of soldiers, 319; discoveries in north- east part of Florida, 319; returns to France, 319; returns to Carolina, 319; reception by the Indians, 319- 320; death, 320. Rice, cultivation of, introduced, 69. Richmond, ship, expedition to South Carolina, 137. Risbee, Col. James, 350; votes for, 271 n. Rivers, Professor William J., A Sketch of the History of South Carolina, 198 n., 203, 264 n. Roanoke Indians, 13, 14; present child for baptism, 28. Roanoke River, 11, 12, 13, 13 n. Romain, Cape, 111, 113, 116. Sabin, Joseph, 4. Sainsbury, W. Noel, 113. St. Augustine, 209; rescue party sent from, 34; expedition of Governor Moore against, 272-273, 303; letter to Spanish governor from Governor Archdale, 300-301; kindness of governor to English castaways, 301; Colonel Daniel commands land divi- sion in the expedition against, 342- 343; the English take possession, 343; result of expedition, 344. St. Catherine, island of, 112, 114, 114 n. St. Ellen's, 38; Hilton's expedition in- vited by Indians to visit, 39, 40; Hilton's dealings with the Indians at, 40-42; see also Port Royal. St. George's Bay, 206. St. Giles, 128 n., 130. St. Helen's, see St. Ellen's. St. Helena Island, 38; description of the land, 119. St. Helena Sound, 38, 38 n., 39; loca- tion, 96. St. Katherina, relation of, by M. Math- ews, 114-116. Salisbury, Bishop of, 283. Salwege River, 133 n., 134 n. Samuel, ship, 181, 182. Sandford, Robert, promoter of the set- tlement at Charles Town, 77; secre- tary and register of Clarendon County, 77; starts out to explore lower Carolina coast, 79; biograph- ical sketch, 80-81; letter from, 82-83; sails from Charles River, 85; names Berkeley Bay, 85; companions and provisions, 85-86; arrival at the 386 INDEX Edisto River, 87; takes possession of land, 88; explores river and sur- rounding country, 88-89; enter- tained by Shadoo, 90; description of Indians and their town, 90-92; explores the Combahee River, 92, 92 n., 93; search for Port Royal, 94-98, 127; arrival at the mouth of Port Royal, 98; explores Port Royal and vicinity, 98-101; Indians pre- sent gifts, 100; meets Ens. Brayne, 101; further explorations, 101-103; prepares to leave Port Royal, 104; leaves Henry Woodward among the Indians, 105, 105 n.; arrival at Charles Town, 107; testimonial from companions relative to explorations, 107-108; Relation of a Voyage on the Coast of the Province of Carolina, 75-108. Savannah Indians, 133, 133 n., 134; good friends to the English, 285. Savannah River, 132, 132 n.; explora- tion of 102, 102 n., 103; description of the country around, 367. Sayle, William, appointed governor in Carolina, 113, 326, 326 n.; letter rel- ative to the expedition of the Car- olina, 122-124; purchases supplies from the Indians, 122; ill-will of the Spaniards, 122; Capt. Brayne fired upon, 122; Indians sent out to discover camp of the Spanish Indians, 122; safe arrival of the Car- olina with supplies, 123; the Caro- lina sent to Barbados for more people, 123; cattle received from Vir- ginia, 123; need of a minister, 124. Scull Creek, 102 n. Scab rook, Robert, 350; chosen Speak- er, 358. Searle, Capt. Robert, releases prisoners at St. Augustine, 127. Seewee Indians, 117 n. Seneca River, 133 n. Serurier Smith, see Smith, James. Sewee, French landed at, 299 n. Shadoo, 116 n.; entertains Sandford's party, 90, 93-94. Shaftesbury, first Earl of (Anthony Ashley Cooper), 259 n., 338; letters patent granted, 33; biographical sketch, 128 n.; plantation, 128, 128 n. Shaftesbury, third Earl of (Anthony Ashley Cooper), declines governor- ship, 296, 296 n.; Proprietor, 307. Short Discoverie of the Coasts and Con- tinent of America, by W. Castell, 317 n. Signiory, definition of, 128 n. Silver Bluff, South Carolina, 133, 133 n. Siouan Tribes of the East, by James Mooney, 218 n. Slaves, 207, 207 n. Smith,jJames, alias LeSerurier, James, 251, "251 n., 350; votes for, 271 n.; character, 351. Smith, John, attack on the house of, 346. Smith, Paul, 169 n. Smith, Gov. Thomas, 268, 345, 345 n.; successor to Governor Colleton, 296, 296 n.; letter of, 335; resigns gov- ernorship, 335. Smith, Landgrave Thomas, 273, 345, 345 n. ; votes for, 271 n. Smith, Maj. William, 350; votes for, 271 n. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 215 n. Sothell, Seth, 259 n.; appointed gov- ernor, 279-280; bought share of S the Earl of Clarendon, 307 n. W Soto, Hernando de, expedition to New Spain, 318. South Carolina, 360; Hilton's account induces settlers to go to, 35; explo- ration party under Hilton, 35-36; "Shaftesbury Papers" relative to, 79; founding of a church, 195; ac- count of William Pratt's journey from New England, 198-199; mi- litia, 204, 204 n.; population, 204, 204 n., 205 n.; commodities, 207- 208; aliens, 239 n.; jealousy of Florida Spaniards, 221; plot of Spaniards to invade, 222; plans for a second invasion of Florida, 222; constitution, 225, 227-233; Defoe's criticism of the Proprietors and government, 233-236; letter rel- ative to purpose of New Englanders to go to, 299-300; Archdale sent on mission to, 296, 297; Birds of South Carolina, 151 n.; Collections of the South Carolina Historical Society, 35, 77 n., 80, 81 n.. Ill n., 112 n., INDEX 387 113, 114 n., 116 n., 120 n., 124 n., 127 n., 128 n., 129, 134 n., 137, 203; The Genesis of South Carolina, by Wm. A. Courtenay, 35-36, 80; Historical Collections of South Car- olina, by B. R. Carroll, 87 n., 163, 281, 316; History of South Carolina under the Proprietary Government, by McCrady, 111 n., 200 n., 221 n., 262 n., 291 n.; Journal of the Grand Council of South Carolina, 184 n.; A Sketch of the History of South Carolina, by Rivers, 38 n., 203, 207 n., 264 n. ; South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine, 78 n., 116 n., 128 n., 192 n., 193, 196 n., 199 n., 200 n., 291 n., 367 n.; War- rants for Lands in South Carolina, 116 n. ; see also Carolina, Province of. Sowee, 118, 119. Spaniards, plot to invade South Caro- lina, 222; see also St. Augustine. Spanish rusk, 42. Spanish settlement in America, origin of, 287. Spanish war, 303; see also St. Augus- tine. Speights Bay, expedition sails from,;33. Spikes Bay, see Speights Bay. Stacy, Rev. James, History of the Mid- way Congregational Church, Liberty County, Georgia, 193. Stanard, W. G., Virginia Colonial Register, 23 n. Stanhope, George, dean of Canterbury, 263 n. Stannaries, Court of, 339, 339 n. Stanyarne, Capt. Edward, 84, 84 n.; death of, 79, 85; Sandford assumes charge of vessel of, 79, 85. Stephens, Robert, 270, 270 n., 340. Stono Indians, 40, 40 n. Stono River, 40 n., 122, 122 n. Stroude, John, 350. Sugar cane, 15. Sullivan's Island, 198, 198 n. Sumner, Increase, 191. Tavernier, J. B., 145 n. Thomas, Rev. Samuel, sent as minis- ter to the Yemassee Indians, 311 n.; sent as a missionary to Charles Town, 365, 366. Thompson, George, 58. Thornburgh, William, 338. Thorpe, F. N., Federal and State Con- stitutions, 230 n. Three Brothers, ship, 111; reaches Car- olina, 112. Thurloe, John, State Papers of, 24. Trott, Nicholas, member of the As- sembly, 256, 270, 271, n., 308 n., 340, 342, 350. Trott, Nicholas, of London, Proprietor, 307, 308 n.; governor of New Prov- idence, 342 n. Tugaloo River, 133 n. Tuscarora Indians, 9 n.; meet Bland's party, 11-12; desire to trade with Bland, 12; Appachancano makes war on, 13; courtesy to Yeardley's com- pany, 27-28; visit at Yeardley's house, 28. Valentyn, Simon, 275, 275 n. Vasquez de Ayllon, Lucas, sent to Florida, 318; imprisonment of na- tives, 318. Virginia, benefits to be obtained from settlement in, 6; massacre of the English by the Indians, 321; Vir- ginia Colonial Register, by W. G. Stanard, 23 n. Walker, Gov. Henderson, 216 n. Warden, Edward, 301, 336. Waring, Maj. Benjamin, votes for, 271 n. Wattcoosa Indians, 52. Wayne, A. T., Birds of South Carolina, 151 n. Webb, Col. Nicholas, governor of the Bahama Islands, 209 n. Werowance, 11, 12, 16, 17, 18. West, Joseph, commander of expedi- tion to settle around Port Royal, 111; fleet wrecked on the Bahama Islands, 111; narrative of events at Albemarle Point, 112; commission for a governor in Carolina, 113; bi- ographical sketch of, 120 n.; letter of, 120-121; letters sent demanding men detained by the Spaniards, 120; treachery of the Spanish, 121; boat sent to the Bermudas for provisions, 121; appointed governor, 328, 328 n., 332; character, 328; holds a Parliament in Charles Town, 329. 388 INDEX Westo Indians, 128, 130, 285, 367; troublesome to the colony, 329. Westo town, description of, by Dr. H. Woodward, 132, 132 n., 133. Weymouth, Viscount, bounty, 214, 214 n. Wigginton, Henry, 358; votes for, 271 n. Wilkinson, Matthew, 73. Willtown, see New London. Wilson, Samuel, Account of the Prov- ince of Carolina, 139 n., 164-176; location of Carolina, 165; patents granted, 165-166; powers of the Pro- prietors, 166; settlement at Albe- marle, 166; Ashley River settlement, 166-167; description of Charles Town, 167, 167 n.; chmate, 168- 169; description of soil, trees, cattle, etc., in Carolina, 170-172; considera- tion for the Indians, 172-173; grants of land allowed to each settler, 173- 174; hst of productions, 174-176. Wilton, see New London. Wood, Capt. Abraham, 3, 5, 8, 19. Woodford Indians, 18. Woodford River, see Meherrin River. Wood's Journey, naming of, 15. Woodward, Dr. Henry, 90; left with the Indians by Sandf ord, 105, 105 n. ; A Faithful Relation of My Westoe Foiag-e, 1674, 125-129; work among the Indians, 125-129, 183; travels toward the Ashley River, 130; crosses the Edisto, 131; description of the land, 131; passes the head of the Port Royal River, 131; re- ception by the Indians at Westo, 132; curiosity of the Indians, 132; gifts received, 132; style of Indian houses, 132-133; description of the inhabitants of Westo and the sur- rounding country, 132-133; arrival of the Savannah Indians, 133-134; plantation at the head of Ashley River reached, 134. Woory, Joseph, 85; testimonial rela- tive to Sandford's explorations, 108.. Woory Bay, formation of, 98-99. Yeamans, Sir John, biographical sketch, 77, 78 n.; appointed governor of Carolina, 77, 328; promoter of the Charles Town settlement, 77; knight- ed for activities in Carolina, 78, 78 n. ; organizes an expedition to ex- plore coast, 78, 83; wrecking of ex- ploring party, 78; settlers at Charles River in needy condition, 78; au- thority to plant colonies, 83 ; depart- ture from Barbados, 83; wreck of vessel at entrance to Charles River,, 83; lends vessel to aid colonists on the Charles River, 84; appointed landgrave, 327. Yeamans, Margai-et Foster, marriage to Gov. James Moore, 267. Yeamans Harbor, situation, 96, 97;. entrance. 97-98. Yeardley, Francis, biographical sketch, 23; letter narrating excursions into Carolina, 25-29; description of the country, 25; Indian desires to have his child educated, 26; wife protects Indian, 26; sends material to build house for Roanoke chief, 26-27; courteously received by Tuscaroras, 27-28; meeting of Indians at house of, 28; Indian child baptized, 28; turf with arrow presented to, 28, 29.. Yemassee Indians, 300, 372; Rev. Samuel Thomas sent as minister to the, 311 n.; seize other Indians asf. prisoners, 335. A GREAT HISTORICAL WORK ORIGINAL NARRATIVES OF EARLY AMERICAN HISTORY REPRODUCED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION General Editor, J. FRANKLIN JAMESON, Ph.D., LL.D. DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH IN THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON Each volume octavo, cloth-bound, about 450 pages $3.00 net. Postage extra VOLUMES ALREADY PUBLISHED Each with Full Index, Maps and Facsimile Reproductions The Northmen, Columbus, and Cabot, 985-1503 Edited by Julius E. Olson, Professor of the Scandinavian Languages and Liter- atures in the University of Wisconsin, and Edward Gaylord Bourne, Ph.D., Professor of History in Yale University. The Spanish Explorers in the Southern United States, 1528-1543 Edited by Frederick W. Hodge, of the Bureau of American Ethnology, and Theodore H. Lewis, of St. Paul. Early English and French Voyages, Chiefly Out of Hakluyt, 1534-1608 Edited by the Rev. Dr. Henry S. Buhrage, of the Maine Historical Society. "Voyages of Samuel de Champlain, 1 604-1 61 8 Edited by W. L. Grant, M.A. (Oxon.), Beit Lecturer on Colonial History in the University of Oxford. Narratives of Early Virginia, 1606-1625 Edited by Lyon Gardiner Tyler, LL.D., President of the College of William and Mary. Bradford's History of Plymouth Plantation, 1606-1646 Edited by William T. Davis, Formerly President of the Pilgrim Society. Winthrop's Journal (History of New England), 2 vols., 1630-1649 Edited by Dr. James K. Hosmer, Corresponding Member of the Massachusetts Historical Society and of the Colonial Society of Massachusetts. 3?arratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664 Edited by Dr. J. F. Jameson. Johnson's Wonder-Working Providence of Sions Saviour in New England Edited by Dr. J. F. Jameson. ORIGINAL NARRATIVES OF EARLY AMERICAN HISTORY ' A series so well vouched for on the editorial side can need little commendation from other quarters, for the volumes are their own best commendation. As a teacher of American history to college classes, however, I am always glad to find valuable material for student use increase, and the ' Original Narratives ' deserve, and I hope will receive, a cordial reception and a generous use." Worihin^ton C. Ford, Chief of "Di-Oijion of Manxijcriptj, Librarjr of CongTejj, Washington, D. C: "I look upon it as one of the best series undertaken to encourage the study of Ameri- can history. Not only is the original plan rarely intelligent, but the individual volumes prove the care and critical capacity of each editor. The volumes are not only our source books of American history, but they are also readable and in such convenient form that they should be in every library, and used as text books in the teaching of history." Senator Henry Cabot Lod^e, in the J^orth American "Rextietv : "In this volume on 'The Northmen, Columbus, and Cabot,' and as the prospectus indicates, in its successors, the selection could not be improved. Judging from this volume alone, it may also be said that nothing could be better than the editing. We have the best texts accompanied by brief but clear introductions, and explained by notes which are sufficient to guide and instruct and not sufficient to puzzle and encum- ber. In each case a short list of authorities is given which will direct those who wish to pursue their inquiries upon any one of the three subjects in the way in which they should go, to find all the sources and the last works of modern research and antiquarian learning. The selection and editing could not in fact have been better done for the purpose which the editors had in view. "If any one wishes to wrestle with the endless questions and controversies of the Columbian voyages, it is easy to plunge into the countless books upon the subject. Meantime the general reader, little concerned with dates and identification of places, but profoundly interested in the fact of America's discovery, can find in these letters and journals the man himself, and live over with him the triumph, one of the greatest ever won, and the tragedy, one of the most piteous ever endured. "After all, there is nothing better than this that history can do for us, and very few histories can do it quite so well as an original narrative with all its errors and imper- fections on its head, if we are only fortunate enough to possess one which has both literary quality and real human feeling." A NECESSITY IN EVERY LIBRARY The American Library Association "BooK. List says of " /farrati-Oes o_f Early Virginia" : "A careful edition of the most readable original narratives having to do with the early history of Virginia. No better introduction to the use of source material could be given, and the general reader of history will find these accounts more fascinating than the latest historical novel. They should be found in every library that can afford to purchase them." ^ For Fuller Information, send to the Publishers CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 153-157 Fifth Avenue, New York Hi iHtoilMiMi iiriiliMiraiiilfeillliiiiiii^ V \.^, :r*^^ H„lyl..„K^ TjI^^^^ ^/iWr A^v? =?Sr- ■- ==6 Sjt- -I^J =^S*!> .=«#:- ^^^ *«\'^K [^ =:«fe« ^^ O 3" E M K 1 ir J.. -/^ (Hf. F E REN [a^ A . Gxaia^lle B as ti B. Craven. I>° C. C a.r« eret I) " D. foJletoix D.'^ K 15 laKiA W ort.y «>. Ilairj :Moon. I. .TohriSf Ions ™.^., ,-.//.»?/• .i&» K. Dra-vy r-bridge .>. '■'•'fmn,, L. Palis* i-des. MIL? ^^"j l.MxKtts IBridge. jsr. Kca:L.Suiitlis Brkloe. O. Ministers Hoii.se. P. Klio-lish Clvurclv. Q. Frencli D." R.llxctepeii^«. jVr.B,y,>„,- r/f ■Ivar/d s house.. Ma t: J^ a w d" ;.; \. l^Midi/mve Smith d" J., . Col: Hhetts . . .d' I, [lien: SK-enkin