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CLARK UNIVERSITY. 
 
 WORCESTER, MASS. 
 
 EARLY PROCEEDINGS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 BOARD OF TRUSTEES. 
 
 WILL OF 
 
 JONAS G. CLARK. 
 
 press of tbc TUnlversiti^. 
 
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SOUBCE UKKKOWM 
 
 DEC 5 1944 
 
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 CLARK UNIVERSITY. 
 
 [Extracts from the Records of the Board. Not for general circulation.] 
 
 As the first positive step toward the realization of his plans, 
 Mr. Jonas G. Clark, in the latter part of 1886, invited the 
 following gentlemen to constitute with himself a board of 
 trustees : 
 
 THE TRUSTEES. 
 
 STEPHEN SALISBURY, A. B., Harvard, 1856; Universities of Paris 
 and Berlin, 1856-58 ; Harvard Law School, 1859-61 ; Presided 
 Antiquarian Society since 1887. 
 
 CHARLES DEVENS, A. B., Harvard, 1838; Harvard Law School, 
 1840; Major Gen'l, 1863; Judge Supreme Court, 1857; U. S. 
 Att'y Gen'l, 1877-81; LL. D., Columbia and Harvard, 1877; 
 Judge Supreme Court since 1881. 
 
 GEORGE F. HOAR, A. B., Harvard, 1846 ; Harvard Law School, 
 1849; U. S. House of Representatives, 1868-76; U. S. Senator 
 since 1876 ; LL. D., William and Mary, Amherst, Harvard and 
 Yale. 
 
 WILLIAM W. RICE, A. B., Bowdoin, 1846. Admitted to Bar 1854. 
 U. S. Houseof Representatives, 1876-86; LL. D., Bowdoin, 1886. 
 
 JOSEPH SARGENT, A. B., Harvard, 1834; M. D., Harvard, 1837: 
 London and Paris Hospitals, 1838-40. 
 
 JOHN D. WASHBURN, A. B., Harvard, 1853; Harvard Law School, 
 1856; Representative, 1876-79; State Senate, 1887; U. S. Minis- 
 ter to Switzerland, 1889. 
 
 F. P. GOULDING, A. B., Dartmouth, 1863; Harvard Law School, 
 1866; City Solicitor since 1881. 
 
 GEORGE SWAN, A. B., Amherst, 1847; Admitted to Bar, 1851; 
 member of Worcester School Board since 1879 ; Chairman of 
 High School Committee. 
 
2 
 
 THE PETITION. 
 
 To the Honorable the Senate and the House of Representatives 
 of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 
 The undersigned, citizens of this Commonwealth, respect- 
 fully petition your Honorable body for an Act of Incorpora- 
 tion, establishing at Worcester, in the County of Worcester, 
 an Institution for the promotion and encouragement of 
 learning in all its higher branches, with the power to receive 
 and hold real and personal estate, the use and income of 
 which is to be devoted wholly to the purposes of said Insti- 
 tution ; and to hold, enjoy and exercise all the privileges 
 immunities rights and powers (including that of conferring 
 degrees) held, enjoyed and exercised by the universities and 
 colleges of this Commonwealth. 
 
 And your petitioners further pray that said Institution may 
 be known by the name of Clark University in recognition 
 of the munificence of its originator and founder, as shown 
 by an endowment of One Million Dollars, and probably 
 more, should the community exhibit substantial evidence of 
 its sympathy, encouragement and support. 
 
 Jonas G. Clark, Joseph Sargent, 
 
 Stephen Salisbury, John D. Washburn, 
 Chas. Devens, Frank P. Goulding, 
 
 George F. Hoar, George Swan. 
 
 William W. Rice, 
 
 The following are the endorsements of said petition : 
 
 Senate. 
 Petition of Jonas G. Clark and others for the Incorporation 
 of the Clark University at Worcester. 
 
 Senate Jan'y 17th, 1887. 
 Presented by Mr. Marble of Worcester. 
 Referred to the Committee on Education. 
 Sent down for Concurrence. 
 
 E. Herbert Clapp, Clerk. 
 House of Representatives, Jan'y 18th, 1887. 
 Concurred : 
 
 Edward A. McLaughlin, Clerk. 
 
ACT OF INCORPORATION. 
 Chapter 133. 
 
 COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS IN THE YEAR ONE THOUSAND 
 EIGHT HUNDRED AND EIGHTY SEVEN. AN ACT TO INCORPORATE 
 THE TRUSTEES OF CLARK UNIVERSITY IN WORCESTER. 
 
 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General 
 Court assembled, and by authority of the same, as follows: 
 
 Section 1. Jonas G. Clark, Stephen Salisbury, Charles Devens, 
 George F. Hoar, William W. Rice, Joseph Sargent, John D. Wash- 
 burn, Frank P. Goulding, and George Swan, all of the city of Wor- 
 cester, in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and their successors, 
 are hereby made a corporation by the name of the Trustees of Clark 
 University, to be located in said Worcester, for the purpose of estab- 
 lishing and maintaining in said city of Worcester an institution for the 
 promotion of education, and investigation in science, literature and art,^ 
 to be called Clark University. 
 
 Section 2. Said incorporation may receive and hold real or personal 
 estate by gift, grant, device, bequest or otherwise, for the purpose 
 aforesaid, and shall have all the rights, privileges, immunities, and 
 powers, including the conferring of degrees, which similar incorpora- 
 ted institutions have in this Commonwealth. 
 
 Section 3. Said corporation shall have the power to organize said 
 University in all its departments, to manage and control the same, to 
 appoint its officers, who shall not be members of said corporation, and 
 to fix their compensation and their tenure of office; and said corpora- 
 tion may provide for the appointment of an advisory board, and for 
 the election by the Alumni of said University to fill any vacancies in 
 said board. 
 
 Section 4. The number of members of said corporation shall not 
 be less than seven nor more than nine, and any vacancy therein may 
 be filled by the remaining members at a meeting duly called and noti- 
 fied therefor; and when any member thereof shall, by reason of infirm- 
 ity or otherwise, become incapable, in the judgment of the remaining 
 members, of discharging the duties of his office, or shall neglect or 
 refuse to perform the same, he may be removed and another be elected 
 to fill his place, by the remaining members, at a meeting duly called 
 and notified for that purpose. 
 
 Section 5. This Act shall take efifect upon its passage. 
 
 House of Representatives, March 30, 1887, Passed to be Enacted. 
 
 Charles J. No yes. Speaker. 
 
 Senate, March 31, 1887, Passed to be Enacted. 
 
 Halsey J. BoARDMAN, President. 
 
ADDRESS OF THE FOUNDER. 
 
 At a meeting of the Board of Trustees held May 4, 1887, 
 the Secretary, at the request of the President, and Founder, 
 read to them the following address : 
 
 To the Members of the Corporation of Clark University : — 
 Gentlemen : 
 We have now signified our acceptance of the charter which 
 has recently been granted to us by the Legislature of the 
 Commonwealth and completed our general organization as a 
 corporation, under it. 
 
 The first matter which presents itself for our consideration 
 in our new enterprise is the discussion and adoption of some 
 plan which shall seem to be the best and the most effective 
 for the promotion of our future work. 
 
 In the consideration of this question we shall be materially 
 aided by the experience of other institutions of a similar 
 character to the one we propose, both in foreign countries 
 and in our own. 
 
 In our own country we have institutions of learning of all 
 ages, grades and objects, which will afford us much assist- 
 ance, and from whose experience we can derive many hints 
 and take many practical lessons. Among the newer ones 
 are the Cornell and the Johns Hopkins universities which 
 are evidently doing good work, and to the general scope, 
 purpose and methods of which I would invite your special 
 attention. 
 
 We have been accustomed to regard Oxford and Cam- 
 bridge as ideal standards of educational institutions. Their 
 foundations are ancient, and they have grown up under a 
 government in which Church and State have always been 
 allied. They are undoubtedly better adapted, excellent as 
 they are, to English institutions and to the English people 
 than to our own. 
 
 In France, the instruction given in the higher branches of 
 learning, in their institutions, is very much more thorough. 
 
 The results are plainly descernible in the giving to the 
 
world so many distinguished and accomplished scholars as 
 that country has done in the last and present centuries. 
 
 Prussia has probably, as a whole, the best school and uni- 
 versity system in practice at the present time. Its effects 
 are clearly perceptible upon the growth and prosperity of 
 the nation, and it has been generally acknowledged to be one 
 of the leading forces which have contributed to its elevation 
 from a third-rate kingdom to a commanding and leading 
 power among the nations of the world. At some future 
 time I desire to call your special attention to h€r schools and 
 universities, and their methods. 
 
 In proceeding with this work which we are about to under- 
 take the first step seems to be to plan and construct the 
 necessary buildings, or, at least, a part of them. In antici- 
 pation of this part of our labors, I have prepared a plan or 
 design which I present for your examination, and which will 
 invite your criticism or commend itself to your approval, 
 after having such explanation of it generally and in detail, 
 as I am able to give. 
 
 I recommend that we proceed at once and with all con- 
 venient dispatch to erect such building or buildings as may 
 be found needed, and as may be required for the prosecution 
 of a collegiate course, and have the same in such a state of 
 forwardness that the first class may present itself for exami- 
 nation and admission on the first Monday of October in the 
 year one thousand eight hundred and eighty-eight. 
 
 During the four years which will be occupied for this first 
 class in its undergraduate course, we shall need to prepare 
 other buildings and provide other facilities, that we may be 
 in readiness for the members of this class or such of them 
 as may desire to avail themselves of the opportunity, to 
 enter at once upon the post-graduate courses, professional 
 or otherwise, in their preparation for the actual business of life. 
 
 These post-graduate and professional courses, allow me to 
 say, it should always be our aim and determined purpose, to 
 keep above and beyond the reach of partisan influence and 
 sectarian basis, and in their conduct and pursiiit they should 
 be made to embrace as wide a range as possible of Theology, 
 Philosophy, Science, Literature and Art. 
 
For these objects, therefore, and to secure their attainment 
 I propose to give : 
 
 1. The sum of three hundred thousand dollars (payable as 
 the same shall be needed) to the general working or con- 
 struction fund, to be applied in the erection of buildings and 
 equipping them with such appliances and facilities as may be 
 deemed necessary for putting the University in good working 
 order. 
 
 2. I propose to give the sum of one hundred thousand dol- 
 lars the income of which shall be devoted to the support and 
 maintenance of a University Library. 
 
 3. I propose to give the sum of six hundred thousand dol- 
 lars the income of which is to be devoted to the general uses 
 of the University and its support and management, and which, 
 for the sake of convenience, may be called the University En- 
 dowment Fund. 
 
 The Library and the Endowment Fund are never to be 
 diminished and no part of the principal is, in any event, ever 
 to be applied to the objects to which the income of each is to 
 be devoted. If by any accident or loss either of said funds shall 
 at any time become impaired, then the income of each of said 
 funds shall be added to the principal until such impairment 
 is made good and the funds restored to their original amounts. 
 
 I reserve the right to pay said Library and Endowment 
 Funds as the management and investment of my property 
 make convenient for me, but within a reasonable time. 
 
 4. I propose to give, in the way of real estate, library and 
 works of art, what I estimate and believe to be of the value 
 of five hundred thousand dollars. (Deeds to real estate given 
 for record this day.) 
 
 5. And lastly, I propose to give the further sum of five 
 hundred thousand dollars, the income of which is to be de- 
 voted to the erection and maintenance of three or more Pro- 
 fessorships in the University ; but in the manner, at the time, 
 and on the express conditions following : 
 
 When at any time on or before the first day of July, in the 
 year eighteen hundred and eighty-nine, the sum of two hun- 
 dred thousand dollars shall be raised from any source, and to 
 be paid at such time as the donor or donors may elect, but all 
 
to be paid on or before July 1, A. D. 1892, I will contribute 
 a like sum for a like purpose, to wit, the erection of a Pro- 
 fessorship in said University. 
 
 When at any time, within the time aforesaid, the sum of one 
 hundred and fifty thousand dollars shall be raised from any 
 source and to be paid at the time aforesaid, for the erection 
 and maintenance of a Professorship in said University, I will 
 contribute a like sum for a like purpose. 
 
 And when, at any time within the time aforesaid, and to be 
 paid at the time aforesaid, a second sum of one hundred and 
 fifty thousand dollars shall be raised from any source for the 
 erection and maintenance of a Professorship in said Univer- 
 sity, I will contribute a second like sum for a like purpose. 
 
 In all cases the donor or donors shall have the right to 
 name the Professorship, and to designate the branch of 
 learning which the Professorship is to teach. 
 
 I have thus briefly. Gentlemen, endeavored to give an out- 
 line of my views and purposes in relation to this Institution 
 which we are now establishing for the benefit of our people. 
 Of course it is only the beginning. It is to be hoped and 
 expected that, from time to time in the future, scholarships in 
 various amounts will be established for the aid of those see- 
 ing the advantages of the University, and that other aids 
 incident to an institution of this kind will be added to make 
 it a success and a blessing to the community in which it is 
 established. 
 
 Nor is this all. We shall at all times need additions to 
 the endowment fund. This must be made an effective agent 
 in the work of the University, and to that end must be kept 
 constantly replenished. Not every one is able or willing to 
 erect a professor's chair or found a scholarship. But all can 
 contribute something to the strength and permanency of the 
 Institution, to a greater or less degree, by contributing 
 somewhat to its permanent fund. 
 
 Therefore let it be known that donations of any amount, 
 however small, will always be gratefully received and faith- 
 fully applied. 
 
 The above is respectfully submitted, 
 
 Jonas G. Clark. 
 
REPLY OF THE TRUSTEES. 
 
 Worcester, May 5th, 1887. 
 Jonas G. Clark, Esq., 
 Dear Sir : 
 
 It is with the deepest sense of public responsibility as well 
 as of the confidence you have reposed in us, and in each of 
 us, that we have undertaken the duty of trustees of the in- 
 stitution you have founded. We will endeavor with the aid 
 of the great Source of all wisdom and light, to discharge 
 that duty to the very best of our ability. 
 
 We cannot adequately convey to you the profound feeling 
 of gratitude which is entertained by the community whose 
 moral and intellectual well-being this princely benefaction is 
 intended to promote. It is the largest single charitable gift 
 ever made by a private person in New England, and with 
 very few exceptions the largest ever made, by a private per- 
 son in his lifetime, anywhere in the world. If wisely and 
 faithfully administered, it will be a perpetual fountain of 
 usefulness and blessing until time shall be no more. It will 
 elevate our beloved city, already the heart and centre of the 
 manufactures of New England, to a still higher plane among 
 civilized communities. Through countless generations, 
 your name will be held in grateful rememberance by large 
 numbers of educated men, as that of the man to whom they 
 owe the best blessing of their existence. 
 
 We thank you also for your liberal proposal to stimulate 
 co-operation in other quarters. Large as this endowment is, 
 the field is still larger. The usefulness of this seminary of 
 education may be multiplied many fold if other public spirited 
 persons shall avail themselves of your invitation to increase 
 its resources. Hoping that your example may find many 
 imitators, and that the University may have, in every way, 
 the support and confidence of the public, and especially that 
 your own life and strength may long be spared to give it the 
 benefit of your counsel and direction. 
 
 We are very sincerely. 
 
 Your friends and associates, 
 Stephen Salisbury, Joseph Sargent, 
 Charles Devens, John D. Washburn, 
 
 George F. Hoar. Frank P. Goulding, 
 
 W. W. Rice, George Swan. 
 
LAYING OF THE CORNER STONE, 
 October 22, 1887. 
 
 From the Speech of General Devens. 
 
 We are assembled to unite in the ceremony of laying- the 
 corner- stone of the first of the buildings of Clark University 
 and of beginning the dedication of the University to the great 
 purposes for which it is organized. Simple as the ceremony 
 is, the event is one of the gravest interest and importance. 
 
 A University cannot be created at once; it must be largely a 
 growth. Time is needed to'develop and adapt it to the wants 
 of its age. The interest and the associations it will have% 
 when the memories of the great and good men who have 
 been its children cluster around it, it cannot have at once. 
 All that this is to be we cannot look to see; all the good it is 
 to do, we cannot know, save in hope and anticipation. Yet 
 commencing with an ample endowment, situated in a wealthy 
 and rapidly growing city, we may fairly anticipate that it will 
 quickly win for itself an eminent place among the more an- 
 cient seats of learning; and that its influence and its useful- 
 ness will be steadily increasing hundreds of years after we 
 that gather here shall have passed away. 
 
 "I have taken," says Lord Bacon, "all knowledge to be 
 my province." In the spirit of this noble sentiment the 
 founder of this University has sought to act. We shall ven- 
 ture to hope that literature, the studies that adorn and em- 
 bellish life, philosophy, the arts and sciences, will find within 
 these walls their chosen seat, and above all, as the object of 
 culture is to make men nobler, wiser, and happier, that those 
 educated here will be lifted to higher and more exalted lives 
 in recognition always of their relations to humanity and their 
 obligations as intellectual and immortal beings. We stand 
 to-day at the fountain head, and we will believe that living 
 waters are to flow from it as of old they flowed from the rock 
 when it was struck by the staff of the Hebrew warrior and 
 law giver. 
 
10 
 
 Senator Hoar's Address. 
 
 A native of Worcester County, who received in his youth 
 such training as she had then to bestow, after a long and 
 successful business life, has come back to spend the evening 
 of his days near his birthplace. He desires to show his 
 gratitude for the good that has come to him in life, and to 
 confer a benefit upon his countrymen which shall be a per- 
 petual fountain of usefulness and blessing until time shall 
 be no more. He has desired to create something which 
 shall exert the highest and most permanent influence upon 
 the character of this people. To this end he has founded 
 this University. He has surely chosen well. This is the 
 largest single charitable gift ever made by a private person in 
 his life time in New England and with very few exceptions 
 the largest ever made by a private person in his life time 
 anywhere in the world. 
 
 University is a flexible term. It is incapable of exact 
 definition ; but it is a place where the highest instruction is 
 to be obtained that can be given by teachers and to classes. 
 It is a place where libraries are to be found which show the 
 existing boundaries of human knowledge, and workmen and 
 apparatus are found, fitted and employed to extend them. 
 These institutions have ever been among the very largest 
 and most beneficent forces in American history. If you 
 would predict the history of a nation you must inquire what 
 its youth are thinking. 
 
 If you would know what its youth are thinking you must 
 open your ear to the voice of its universities. Among the 
 men who founded New England and who shaped its destiny 
 in the beginning, the leaders of the leaders were the men bred 
 in the English universities. Dr. Ellis says that : "A hundred 
 scholars from Cambridge and Oxford Universities were con- 
 cerned in the first planting of our wilderness settlements 
 with their churches, schools, colleges, and printing presses, 
 during a period in which there was to be found scarcely a 
 single college bred man in all the other English colonies 
 here." This influence they maintained and transmitted. 
 John Hancock declared at the close of the Revolution that 
 
11 
 
 Harvard University " was in some sense the parent and 
 nurse of the late happy Revolution in the Commonwealth." 
 
 The university is the natural ornament and the bright con- 
 summate flower of democracy. It is the greatest of all 
 levelers. It brings every man to his proper individual level. 
 The boy of humblest origin, the waif, the outcast, the child 
 of poverty or shame, if he can gain admittance here, may 
 gain that precious talisman of scholarship, with which he 
 may stand erect, self-confident, unchallenged in the presence 
 of kings. While we hope the rays of this beacon may 
 penetrate to the farthest ends of the continent, its light must 
 of course blaze with greatest strength upon the city where 
 its tower stands. It will take its fitting place and find its 
 own work among the educational institutions of the country. 
 There is, and will be, room enough in that lofty companjfc 
 In this great and growing city, surrounded with its garland 
 of fair towns, the heart and centre of the manufactures of New 
 England, the spot on earth where God has bestowed in 
 largest measure the inventive faculty to the brains of man, 
 the spot on earth where labor receives the largest share of 
 its product, an institution devoted to the highest culture of 
 brain and heart, will find its appropriate work. Experience 
 will teach us to find our place and perform our office in the 
 great education of the future, without jar or friction with 
 any other. 
 
 The purpose and plans of the founder, so far as they are 
 then matured, will be declared more in detail when this 
 building is dedicated and the University inaugurated. We 
 are here to-day to lay its corner-stone. All university 
 teaching, all human life is in some sense, but a laying of 
 corner-stones. We would lay this stone deep in the confidence 
 and affection of this community, without which the liberality 
 of the founder thoughSpoured out in seas will be of little avail. 
 But, beneath all, may it rest on the unshaken rock of truth, 
 and upon Him, who is the chief corner-stone. It is devoted 
 to no sect or creed or statement of doctrine in which human 
 presumption has sought to imprison the free spirit of truth 
 and to bar its onward pathway. But we would reverently 
 hope that this University with all its teachers and resources 
 
12 
 
 may be ever consecrated to building up in the hearts of its 
 children that quality of character of which there has been but 
 one perfect example on earth. With Lord Bacon, the greatest 
 of scholars, the father of modern science, we would pray that 
 God "would please to open to us new refreshments out of 
 the fountains of His goodness. This, also, we humbly and 
 earnestly beg that human things may not prejudice such as 
 are divine, neither that from the unlocking of the gates of 
 sense, and the kindling of a greater natural light, anything of 
 incredulity or intellectual night may arise in our minds to- 
 wards divine mysteries. But rather, that by our mind thor- 
 oughly cleansed and purged from fancy and vanities and yet 
 subject and perfectly given up to the divine oracles there may 
 be given unto faith the things that are faith's." 
 
 Mr. Clark's Address. 
 Mr. John D. Washburn then said: — 
 
 At Mr. Clark's request and in his behalf, and acting for the 
 moment as his personal representative, I read the following 
 words: 
 
 We have assembled at this time to participate in the obser- 
 vance of a most pleasing and agreeable rite, the laying of 
 the corner-stone of the first building to be erected for the use 
 of a new university; and although we may all feel and realize 
 the fact that a university as such, fully organized and equipped 
 in every respect for doing the work of such an institution, 
 cannot be called into existence at once by the fiat of any 
 human agency, but that it must be the result of a gradual 
 growth, extending over a period of many years, we are taking 
 the initial steps in the foundation of an institution which we 
 believe without a doubt or a fear, will in the time to come 
 realize our most sanguine hopes. Broad in its scope, liberal 
 in its methods, and comprehensive in its teachings, it must 
 of necessity prove a powerful instrument in promoting the 
 higher education and the fuller development of the intellect- 
 ual faculties of our people. 
 
 Being placed, as we propose it shall be, in charge of the 
 
13 
 
 ripest and most accomplished scholars of the day in the sev- 
 eral departments of science, literature, and art, those seeking 
 to avail themselves of its advantages will be brought in close 
 relations with the best thought and the most profound wisdom 
 of the world and the age. 
 
 We are glad to be able to contribute to the foundation of 
 such an institution, the work and mission of which will be the 
 culture and elevation of a great and a rapidly growing people. 
 
 We shall watch its progress with the deepest interest and 
 most solicitous regard. 
 
 The body of corporators under whose advice and guidance 
 the inceptive steps have been taken in the formation of this 
 new institution of learning is composed of gentlemen too 
 well known to need any assurance from me that nothing will 
 be omitted on their part to make it one worthy of your beau- 
 tiful city; and it is not too much, perhaps, to say that its loca- 
 tion here is a well earned tribute to the public spirit, diligence 
 and care manifested by its citizens in the maintenance of so 
 excellent a system of educational facilities, and which have in 
 great measure prepared the way for the one which we are 
 now planting within your borders. 
 
 We bespeak for it your most kindly regard, admonishing 
 you that for the encouragement and growth of such an insti- 
 tution, nothing is more grateful or more necessary for its 
 progress than the sympathy that goes out to it from your 
 citizens, engendered by the influence of local pride. 
 
 We, therefore, here and now, dedicate this University to 
 Science, Letters, Art and human progress in their best and 
 most valuable forms. And may the giver of all good crown its 
 efforts and labors with His constant and abundant blessing. 
 
 Jonas G. Clark. 
 
 Worcester, Mass., 22d Oct., 1887. 
 
14 
 
 CALL AND ACCEPTANCE OF 
 PRESIDENT HALL. 
 
 Prof. G. Stanley Hall, 
 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 Dear Sir : 
 
 It is with great pleasure that I convey to you the announce- 
 ment that the Founder and Trustees, by unanimous action, 
 invite you to accept the position of President of Clark Univer- 
 sity. Deeply influenced by the evidence which in various 
 ways has been brought before them of your high qualifica- 
 tions for such a part, impressed also by what they have been 
 permitted to see of you in personal interviews, not only with 
 unanimity but with enthusiastic hope do they confide this 
 great charge to your hands. 
 
 In the work to which you are thus called the Trustees 
 promise you a hearty and unselfish co-operation. They desire 
 to impose on you no trammels; they have no friends for whom 
 they wish to provide at the expense of the interests of the 
 Institution ; no pet theories to press upon you in derogation 
 of your judgment ; no sectarian tests to apply ; no guarantees 
 to require save such as are implied by your acceptance of this 
 trust. Their single desire is to fit men for the highest duties 
 of life, and to that end, that this Institution, in whatever 
 branches of sound learning it may find itself engaged, may 
 be made a leader and a light. 
 
 To this high purpose they have dedicated their University, 
 and, in calling you to the first position of influence and author- 
 ity for its accomplishment, they give you their present confi- 
 dence and the assurance of sympathy, co-operation and 
 support. I am with much respect, 
 
 Yours truly, 
 
 John D. Washburn, 
 Secretary of Clark University . 
 
 Worcester, Mass., April 3, 1888, 
 
15 
 
 Baltimore, Md., May 1, 1888. 
 Hon. John D. Washburn, 
 My Dear Sir: 
 
 The invitation conveyed to me by your official letter of 
 April 3 to become the President of Clark University finds 
 me absorbed in a department of academic work which is new 
 and full of promise, and attached by strong official and per- 
 sonal ties to an institution, where the stimulus to research is 
 strong" and the enthusiasm for science is great — where much 
 has already been done and the hope of future achievement is 
 high. 
 
 Such a field, the work of organizing another college of the 
 old New England type, or even the attempt to duplicate those 
 that are best among established institutions old or new, would 
 not induce me to leave. • 
 
 But as I have come to know the rare educational wisdom 
 as well as the rare munificence of your Founder, the single 
 .and express desire of the corporation that in whatever 
 branches of sound learning it may engage, the new Univer- 
 sity may be a leader and a light, the many advantages of lo- 
 cation afforded by your city which seem to make the place of 
 this great foundation no less auspicious than is the time, the 
 public co-operation, interest and good will of your citizens, 
 and as I realize how inevitably these influences, once fairly 
 organized, must tend in this day to still further university 
 progress along old lines and to the opening of new ones, I 
 am drawn with hope and enthusiasm too strong to resist from 
 this present to the future service to which you call me. 
 
 Believing that, because so much has lately been done in 
 the advancement and diffusion of knowledge among men still 
 further progress is made possible, and animated by the hope 
 that we may together have the wisdom and the strength to 
 take the next step in academic development, I accept the 
 great charge you confide to my hands. 
 
 I trust the Board you represent will never forget that I 
 shall need their constant counsel and active co-operation, and 
 I beseech in advance the indulgence and sympathy that a 
 plain man under such responsibilities and in the presence of 
 such a task is certain to need. 
 
 I remain respectfully yours, 
 
 G. Stanley Hall. 
 
16 
 
 LETTERS. 
 
 Dr. Hall visitad many institutions and educational leaders 
 in this country from whom he received much oral and written 
 advice, nearly all of which was in the line which the following 
 two letters, selected from many, illustrate : 
 
 Cornell University, 
 Ithaca, New York, June 18th, 1888. 
 My Dear Dr. Hall: 
 
 The more I think of the questions you put to me at Sara- 
 toga, the more thoroughly am I convinced that your institu- 
 tion would render the greatest service it can possibly do to 
 Education and the development of Science, Literature, and 
 Art in the United States, by distinctly adopting the policy of 
 developing and fostering the highest study and researches in 
 these fields, or in some of them. 
 
 It seems to me that to compete for undergraduate instruction 
 with the many great institutions already established all about 
 you, is hardly worth your while. Each one of them can and 
 would gladly accommodate a much larger number of students 
 than it already has. Their competition in the undergraduate 
 field would be serious, and, in my opinion, tend to the 
 deterioration of education, rather than to its extension. But 
 there is more and more need of places where the highest 
 work can be done. The best men graduating from the exist- 
 ing institutions are seeking such places more and more, and 
 of all men they are the most worthy of aid. 
 
 You remember the answer in the old Fable, — "One, but a 
 Lion," and if you will send out each year twenty, or ten, or 
 even five men fitted to take leading places as professors, 
 teachers, experts, leaders in public discussions, in the press 
 and elsewhere, on important subjects, you will, I fully be- 
 lieve, do a greater work than you can do in any other way. 
 
 But you will not be restricted to the above numbers. After 
 a few years you will send out much larger bodies of men. 
 Every one of the colleges around you would, under such a 
 policy, be a feeder to you rather than a competitor with you. 
 
 I might add much more in favor of such a plan, but the 
 above points are in my view controlling. 
 
17 
 
 With most hearty thanks, as an American citizen, to Mr. 
 Clark for his great gift, which forms one of the most 
 splendid chapters in the history of munificence, and with all 
 good wishes for the success of your University, and for 
 your own success in the shaping of its policy, and in its 
 administration, 
 
 I remain very sincerely yours, 
 
 Andrew D. White. 
 
 [copy.] 
 
 Newport, June 28th, 1888. 
 Prof. G. Stanley Hall, 
 Dear Sir : — 
 .... I should devote the new University as exclusive!^ 
 as possible to the work of scientific research — using the word 
 scientific in its highest and not in any narrow sense. There 
 is at present no University which covers this ground. You 
 will therefore have no rivals and will interfere! with no other 
 institution. But you will occupy the highest ground upon 
 which a University can stand, and you will attract a class of 
 men to be found no where else — men who devote themselves 
 to a scientific life exclusively. I would not draw any dis- 
 tinction between post-graduates and others, but simply accept 
 all who are really prepared to avail themselves of the mag- 
 nificent advantages which you can offer. Let each professor, 
 in ordinary cases at least, judge as to who shall be admitted 
 to work in his department. And let him also, in ordinary 
 cases, judge as to how long a particular student shall be 
 allowed to work. This will, of course, depend on observa- 
 tion of the way in which the man works, of his real power 
 and capacity to do good work. Keep him as long as he is 
 doing good work. Drop him peremptorily when he fails. 
 Such advantages should only be offered to those worthy of 
 them. Require clear evidence of active work of research 
 from each professor also. Let all teaching be teaching in 
 the lines of original research, full of suggestion, of practical 
 assistance and above all of a real living intellectual sympathy. 
 I believe that such a scheme is perfectly feasible and that 
 
18 
 
 with patience, good management, hearty interest and full 
 confidence on the part of Mr. Clark and the trustees it must 
 succeed triumphantly. 
 
 Second, as to scholarships, fellowships, etc. By all means 
 as many as possible, always subject to the condition that the 
 fellowship ends when a man stops working from any other 
 cause than sickness or physical incapacity. A University is 
 a collection of learned men working in their several depart- 
 ments making an intellectual center. I would begin with the 
 best and strongest men who can be got. I would adopt the 
 German plan of Professors Ordinary, Extraordinary and Pri- 
 vat-docenten, because the Privat-docent is a very powerful 
 stimulus to the Professor above him. Then working fellows 
 have a similar influence. If you can, give working fellows 
 a salary to keep them above want, but steadily maintain the 
 principle that they must give constant evidence that they are 
 working steadily and effectively. 
 
 You will want, of course, the best possible facilities, the 
 best laboratories and the best apparatus. I should begin 
 with Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Physiology includ- 
 ing Biology. Then I would bring in other branches as fast 
 as means were provided, but I would fill those four depart- 
 ments thoroughly at first and then expand. Bring in Politi- 
 cal Science (in the broadest sense), Historical Research, 
 Ethnology including Anthropology, some branch of Astron- 
 omy offering a field for new work. Philology, etc. I would 
 have the University grow and develop and not try to create at 
 
 once a complete institution 
 
 Very truly yours, 
 
 WOLCOTT GiBBS. 
 
 Dr. Hall was given leave of absence for eight months 
 abroad during which he visited many men and institutions, 
 and his note books are largely filled with advice to devote 
 the new institution to research and the training of professors 
 only. Helmholtz, Lords Rayleigh and Kelvin, Professors 
 Michael Foster, Mosso, Victor Meyer, and nearly two score 
 others thus advised. During this trip Mr. Clark wrote with 
 
19 
 
 his own hand about thirty letters to Dr. Hall, the spirit of 
 which is illustrated in the following extracts : 
 
 Letters of Mr. Clark to Dr. Hall. 
 
 Aug. 11, 1888. 
 "The deficit of the Journal [which is chiefly for the pub- 
 lication of research] we will provide for. Please give direc- 
 tions about the payment." 
 
 ^ >!j >1< -J[i ^ 
 
 Worcester, Oct. 8th, 1888. 
 
 " I do not wish to take too much of your time, but if you 
 have leisure, I shall be pleased to have you give me a short 
 account of the different institutions, and of the features you 
 most approve, especially in advanced work, as I am confident 
 that all of our efforts should be in that direction for the* 
 present. 
 
 " If you can get men whose lives are devoted to their spe- 
 cial work, to work with you I have no doubt but that we can 
 in a reasonable time take our position among the leading in- 
 stitutions in this country. 
 
 " Our work should be planned for the highest standard pos- 
 sible and when we get well established we can consider the 
 other departments." 
 
 Worcester Dec. 4, 1888. 
 
 " I fully agree with you in regard to the policy of securing 
 several of the best men that can be obtained. The consider- 
 ation of having such men to start with will be invaluable 
 to us. 
 
 " It seems to me that Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics and 
 Physiology including Biology should be the first to prepare 
 for. We can then take History, Political Science and other 
 branches as fast as we can properly care for them." 
 
 Worcester, Jan. 3rd, 1889. 
 " I very much wish you could delay your engagement 
 with Prof. until we get more advanced with the depart- 
 ments which we hope to make the best in the country. 
 
20 
 
 " They are the departments that are to make our leading 
 men in the advanced educational institutions in this country, 
 when we get them well arranged with their various branches 
 others will readily fall in. 
 
 "Possibly we may see our way clear in the spring to prepare 
 for the historical departments but my impression is now that 
 we ought to have one year in the other departments first." 
 
 Worcester, Feb. 11, 1889. 
 " Since writing to you I have had quite a chat with Presi- 
 dent Seeley of Amherst. He says at first he felt it his duty 
 to do all he could to have our plans changed, but would not 
 now if he could, for he thinks we are in the right and saw 
 more clearly what was wanted than he did. He says they 
 send a large number of students to Harvard, Johns Hopkins 
 and Europe and can aid us materially and will co-operate 
 with us most heartily and wanted us to feel free to call upon 
 him for advice or aid in any way." 
 
21 
 
 OPENING OF THE UNIVERSITY, 
 October 22, 1889. 
 
 General Charles Devens presided, and on taking the 
 
 chair spoke in part as follows: 
 Ladies and Gentlemen: 
 
 The edifice of which we then (Oct. 22, 1887,) laid the cor- 
 ner-stone and the laboratory which supplements it are com- 
 pleted and furnished — intended for the purposes of investi- 
 gation and instruction, its library halls and rooms for recita- 
 tions will be seen to be commodious and convenient. The 
 solidity and thoroughness which characterizes these external 
 structures will, we hope, in a greater degree mark the educa- 
 tion offered and the studies pursued here. 
 
 It has been determined after full discussion to commence 
 our courses of instruction in five different departments of 
 science only, instead of at once undertaking all those with 
 which we hope and confidently expect hereafter to deal, and 
 to proceed further only as we shall be satisfied that we have 
 reached, in what we have undertaken, the fullest proficiency. 
 
 In apportioning their labors we have sought that they 
 should be not so encumbered by the work of the immediate 
 instruction of pupils that they shall in any important degree 
 be deprived of the opportunity of pursuing themselves those 
 scientific investigations which the whole community may 
 properly look for and expect from a university. 
 
 Mr. Jonas G. Clark, the Founder of the University, then 
 made the following address: 
 
 The occasion which calls us together to-day marks a decided 
 as well as an original step in our undertaking. Scarcely more 
 than thirty months ago we formally entered upon our work 
 by accepting the charter granted by the Legislature of the 
 Commonwealth, and by completing our organization under 
 its several provisions. During this time we have made per- 
 
22 
 
 haps as rapid progress as could reasonably have been expected 
 when we take into consideration the greatness of the work 
 and the almost infinite variety of detail involved in its execu- 
 tion. 
 
 In the progress of our labors we have met with as few ob- 
 stacles as could have been anticipated, and we present to-day, 
 as a result of those labors, the main building of the Univer- 
 sity fully completed and ready for occupancy, and a building 
 for a Laboratory far enough advanced to answer all our pres- 
 ent requirements. Both buildings are receiving the necessary 
 equipments and furniture to render them available for prac- 
 tical use. 
 
 In our announcement of May 23rd, we proposed to open on 
 October 2nd for the commencement of actual work. For this 
 purpose we are now here assembled. When we first entered 
 upon our work it was with a well defined plan and purpose, 
 in which plan and purpose we have steadily persevered, turn- 
 ing neither to the right nor to the left. We have wrought 
 upon no vague conceptions nor suffered ourselves to be borne 
 upon the fluctuating and unstable current of public opinion or 
 public suggestions. We started upon our career with the 
 determinate view of giving to the public all the benefits and 
 advantages of a university, comprehending full well what that 
 implies, and feeling the full force of the general understand- 
 ing that a university must, to a large degree, be a creation 
 of time and experience. We have, however, boldly assumed 
 as the foundation of our institution the principles, the tests 
 and the responsibilities of universities as they are everywhere 
 recognized — but without making any claim for the prestige 
 or flavor which age imparts to all things. It has, therefore, 
 been our pupose to lay our foundation broad and strong and 
 deep. In this we must necessarily lack the simple element 
 of years. We have what we believe to be more valuable — 
 the vast storehouse of the knowledge and learning which 
 have been accumulating for the centuries that have gone be- 
 fore us, availing ourselves of the privilege of drawing from 
 this source, open to all alike. We propose to go on to fur- 
 ther and higher achievements. We propose to put into the 
 hands of those who are members of the University, engaged 
 
23 
 
 in its several departments, every facility which money can 
 command — to the extent of our ability — in the way of appa- 
 ratus and appliances that can in any way promote om- object 
 in this direction. To our present departments we propose to 
 add others from time to time, as our means shall warrant and 
 the exig^encies of the University shall seem to demand, always 
 taking those first whose domain lies nearest to those already 
 established, until the full scope and purpose of the Univer- 
 sity shall have been acomplished. 
 
 These benefits and advantages thus briefly outlined, we 
 propose placing- at the service of those who from time to time 
 seek, in good faith and honesty of purpose, to pursue the 
 study of science in its purity; and to engage in scientific re- 
 search and investigation — to such they are offered as far as 
 possible free from all trammels and hindrances, without ajy 
 religious, political or social tests. All that will be required 
 of any applicant will be evidence, disclosed by examinations 
 or otherwise, that his attainments are such as to qualify him 
 for the position which he seeks. 
 
 In the government of the University it is our aim and fixed 
 purpose that nothing like favoritism in any form shall be 
 allowed ; that everything approaching religious, political or 
 social bias shall be excluded, and in nothing can the friends 
 of the University more fervently unite than in the prayer 
 that in all times hereafter everything connected with its 
 administration or the ordering of its internal arrangements, 
 and in dispensing its advantages or bestowing its favors — 
 either in the selection of officers or in the admission of 
 applicants for place — shall be kept free from this baleful 
 influence. Experience on every hand teaches us that the 
 moment these influences gain a hold in the councils of a 
 university the effectiveness of its work will be seriously 
 impaired and its influence for good weakened or altogether 
 gone. 
 
 The Board of Trustees extend to the gentlemen who con- 
 stitute the Faculty, and in whose hands have been committed 
 the educational labors of the University, a sincere welcome 
 to our city. Their presence with us will be an additional 
 attraction to Worcester as a place of residence, and will con- 
 
24 
 
 stitute a new and strong claim for it to be regarded as one 
 of the educational centres of our country. 
 
 Personally, I avail myself of this occasion to extend to 
 my associates on the Board of Trustees my sincere and 
 grateful thanks for the earnest co-operation which they have 
 shown in the progress of our initiatory work ; for the zeal they 
 have constantly manifested in the execution of the trust 
 which they have accepted, for the unwearied labor which 
 they have ever given and for their willingness to bestow 
 their best care upon the work which we have had in hand, 
 that it might be crowned with abundant success. 
 
 It is fitting, in conclusion, that I should allude to the great 
 loss we have sustained by the death of one of the original 
 members of our Board — a loss that can scarcely be estimated 
 by those unacquainted with the labors, the duties and the 
 responsibilities which fall upon one who occupied his posi- 
 tion. Those labors and duties were always discharged by 
 him with the most scrupulous exactness and with a care 
 which could not have been excelled in the management of 
 his private affairs. But it was not alone upon the University 
 that the great loss fell. Distinguished in various walks of 
 life, exceptionally skilled in the exercise of his chosen pro- 
 fession, he acquired and maintained through life an enviable 
 and commanding position. He was an accomplished scholar, 
 an upright and large-hearted gentleman. We deeply realize 
 our loss, but feel that ours is not comparable to that of 
 his immediate family. They have our warmest sympathies. 
 
 It now only remains for me in behalf of the Trustees to 
 announce the University open and to welcome all those who 
 desire to avail themselves of its benefits and advantages. 
 We pray for the future success of the University which we 
 now dedicate to science, letters, art and human progress in 
 their best and highest forms. We invite the Divine aid ; 
 and may the Giver of all good crown its efforts and labors 
 with his constant and abundant blessing. 
 
25 
 
 President G. Stanley Hall delivered an address, a part 
 of which was as follows : 
 
 We are here to mark in a simple way, as befits its dig-nity, 
 a rare event which we hope and pray may prove not only the 
 most important in the history of this favored city, but of for- 
 ever growing significance for our state and nation, for cul- 
 ture and humanity 
 
 Just because, instead of the easy and wasteful task of re- 
 peating what is already well done about us, we strive to take 
 the inevitable next step and to be the first, if we can, upon 
 the higher plane ; because we must study not only to utilize 
 all available experience wherever we can, but to be wisely 
 bold in innovations wherever we must; because there will 
 be indifference and misconception from friends who do not 
 see all the importance of our work at first ; because there ar# 
 difficulties inherent in the very nature of that work itself as 
 great as the work is needed; we must go slowly and surely, 
 establishing but few departments at first, and when they are 
 made the best possible, adding new and most related ones as 
 fast as we can find the men and money to support them. We 
 must prolong the formative period of foundation, and must 
 each and every one realize well that we are just entering up- 
 on years of unremitting toil, in which patience and hope will 
 be tempered with trial. But our cause is itself an inspira- 
 tion, for it is in the current of all good tendencies in higher 
 education, and of the ultimate success of what is this day 
 begun, there is not a shadow of doubt or fear. ... in 
 the express exemption, too, of all instructors who can sus- 
 tain the ardor of research from excessive teaching and exam- 
 ination, in the appointment of assistants in a way to keep 
 each member of the staff at his best work, and to avoid the 
 too common and wasteful practice in American universities 
 of letting four thousand dollar men do four hundred dollar 
 work, in the ample equipment of each department, that no 
 force be lost on inferior tools — in all these and many other 
 respects the ideal of our founder has been to make every- 
 where an independent application of the simplest and sever- 
 est but also the largest principles of business economy. 
 
 The university, which is entirely distinct from and higher 
 
26 
 
 than any form of technical or prof essional instruction can be, 
 should represent the state of science per se. It should be 
 strong in those fields where science is highly developed, and 
 should pay less attention to other departments of knowledge 
 which have not reached the scientific stage. It should be 
 financially and morally able to disregard practical application 
 as well as numbers of students. It should be a laboratory 
 of the highest possible human development in those lines 
 where educational values are the criterion of what is taught 
 or not taught, and the increase of knowledge and its diffusion 
 among the few fit should be its ideal. As another puts it, 
 " The more and better books, apparatus, collections and 
 teachers, and the fewer but more promising students the better 
 the work." In Europe, besides its duty to science the uni- 
 versity must not fail of its practical duty to furnish to the 
 state good teachers, preachers, doctors, advocates, engineers 
 and technologists of various kinds. Here a university can, 
 if it chooses, do still better and devote itself exclusively to 
 the pure sciences. These once understood, their applications 
 are relatively easy and quickly learned. The university 
 must thus stand above, subordinate and fructify the practical 
 spirit, or the latter will languish for want of science to 
 apply. 
 
 The important facts that are both certain and exact, and 
 the completely verified laws, or well ordered, welded cohe- 
 sion of thought that approach such mental continuity as 
 makes firm, compactly woven intellectual or cerebral tissue, 
 are so precious in our distracted and unsettled age, that it is 
 no marvel that impartial laymen in all walks of life are 
 coming to regard modern science in its pure high form as 
 not only the greatest achievement of the race thus far, but 
 also as carrying in it the greatest, though not yet well 
 developed, culture power of the world, not only for knowl- 
 edge but also for feeling and conduct. It is of this power 
 that universities are the peculiar organs ; to them is now com- 
 mitted the highest interests of man ; from them and from 
 science now comes the light and advancement of the world. 
 They became and remained the asylums of free thought and 
 conviction when Rome and all other privileged orders 
 
27 
 
 declined, and their germs were brought and piously and 
 early planted on these shores by our fathers. The term is 
 not only "the noblest in the vocabulary of science," but 
 universities are the chief nurseries of talent, where is kept 
 alive the holy fervor of investigation that in its passion for 
 truth is fearless of consequences and has never been more 
 truly and loftily ideal than now, when its objects of study 
 are often most crassly material. It is their quality more 
 than anything else that determines not only the status of the 
 medical and all technological professions, but also whether the 
 legal profession is formal, narrow, mercenary and unlearned 
 as it seems now in danger of becoming, in Germany, because 
 even the German universities, despite their great pre- 
 eminence in all other respects, are by general consent of the 
 most competent Germans themselves relatively weak ^n 
 those departments which underlie the practice of law or 
 broadly based on history and social or economic science, 
 informed in administrative experience, and culminating in 
 judicial talent and statesmanship. Universities largely deter- 
 mine whether a land is cursed by a factious, superstitious, 
 half-cultured clergy, or blessed by ministers of divine truth, 
 who understand and believe the doctrines they teach ; who 
 attract and enlarge the most learned, and penetrate the life 
 of the poor and ignorant, quickening, comforting and inform- 
 ing in a way worthy the Great Teacher himself ; and making 
 their profession as it should be — the noblest of human 
 
 callings. 
 
 ^ H< * * * 
 
 Again, we apply science with great skill but create or 
 advance it very little indeed. Should the supply of European 
 science, which now so promptly finds its way here and ferti- 
 lizes and stimulates to more or less hopeful reaction our best 
 scholars, and upon which we live as upon charity, be cut off 
 by some great war or otherwise, the unbalanced and short- 
 sighted utilitarian tendencies now too prevalent here would 
 tend toward the same stagnation and routine which similar 
 tendencies unchecked long ago wrought out in China. 
 ^ * * * * 
 
 The university problem seems to be fairly upon us. We 
 
28 
 
 now need men in our chairs whose minds have got into inde- 
 pendent motion; who are authorities and not echoes; who have 
 the high moral qualities of plain and simple living and self- 
 sacrificing devotion to truth, and who show to this community 
 and the country the spectacle of men absorbed in and living 
 only for pure science and high scholarship, and are not mere 
 place-holders or sterile routine pedagogues, and all needed 
 material support is sure to come Our plan in this re- 
 spect implies a specialization as imperatively needed for the 
 advanced students, as it would we admit, be unfortunate for 
 
 students still in the disciplinary collegiate stage 
 
 Perhaps the most thorough and comprehensive government 
 reports ever made in any language are those of the English 
 parliamentary commissioners on endowments. The first of 
 these occupied nearly nineteen years and fills nearly two-score 
 heavy folio volumes. In all, about twenty thousand founda- 
 tions, new and centuries old, large and small, devoted to a 
 vast variety of uses, good and questionable, were reported. 
 The conclusions drawn from this field of experience, which is 
 far richer and wider in England than elsewhere, was that of 
 all the great popular charities, higher education has proven 
 safest, wisest and best, and that for two chief reasons — first, 
 because the superior integrity and ability of the guardians 
 who consented to administer such funds, the intelligence and 
 grateful appreciation of those aided by them, and the strong 
 public interest and resulting publicity — all three combined to 
 hold them perpetually truest to the purpose and spirit of 
 the founders; and secondly, because in improving higher 
 education, all other good causes are most effectively aided. 
 The church can in no other way be more fundamentally 
 served than by providing a still better training for her 
 ministers and missionaries. Charity for hospitals and alms- 
 houses is holy, Christ-like work, but to provide a better train- 
 ing for physicians and ec9nomists, teaches the world to see 
 and shun the causes of sickness and poverty. Sympathy 
 must always tenderly help the feeblest and even the defect- 
 ive classes, but to help the strongest in the struggle for ex- 
 istence, is to help not them alone, but all others within their 
 influence 
 
29 
 
 Senator George F. Hoar made an address, of which the 
 following is a part : 
 
 An occasion so interesting as the opening of a university 
 ought not to pass by without some word of public gratitude 
 for the munificence that has founded it, some utterance of 
 gratulation and good cheer for him who takes up the heavy 
 burden of its administration, and some statement of the be- 
 liefs, hopes and conditions, under which this community wel- 
 comes it, and is willing to adopt it among its governing 
 forces, to hold out a reasonable assurance of its support. 
 When the purpose of Mr. Clark was first announced there 
 were many people who thought it would have been better to 
 enlarge the resources of some existing college. But, as his 
 plans have gradually unfolded, such critics have become sat- 
 isfied, not only that this university can do its work with(^t 
 jar or friction with any other, but that the time has come 
 when a work should be done in this country which it may not 
 be wholly convenient for any other just now to undertake. 
 
 It would be hard to state too strongly the title to public 
 gratitude of a man who, after a life of extraordinary success 
 in great business transactions, devotes the large fruits of that 
 success to the benefit of his fellow men, even if that were all. 
 Such benefactions, though hardly ever on so large a scale, 
 are not unusual in this country. They seem in our day to be 
 the congenial product of the American spirit. 
 
 Kal o'lSe /xev Trpoin/KouTcos rfj -nSXei Tbroi^e eyivovro 
 
 These places become the hallowed spots in the eyes of the 
 nations, like the scenes of famous battles, or the places where 
 the foundations of great states have been laid, or where great 
 civic scenes have occurred, or the dwelling places or burial 
 places of heroes or statesmen. Pilgrims from afar visit them. 
 Foreign war spares them. They survive all changes of con- 
 stitution or dynasty. International law throws its protection 
 about them. In the bloodiest and angriest civil strifes men 
 
 " Lift not their spears against the Muses' bower." 
 '. Their pupils, scattered over the country, retain an attach- 
 ment for them and for each other, which is to the college like 
 
30 
 
 a coat of chain armor, and which is one of the strongest 
 bonds of the national life itself 
 
 But I find an especial sublimity in the purpose of the founder 
 which gives this institution its distinctive peculiarity, cer- 
 tainly among American institutions of learning. It seems to 
 me very remarkable that a man whose own training and life, 
 whose own disciplines and successes have been among what 
 are called practical affairs, who in early life had so well known 
 the need of the strict economies in which our fathers in New 
 England brought up their children, should have conceived 
 the plan of endowing an institution where the study of sci- 
 ence for its own sake, as an end, and not as an instrument, 
 should be the the leading object ; that he should have called 
 into its service eminent scholars whose chief occupation is to 
 be research rather than teaching ; and should have understood 
 so perfectly that while waste and extravagance in the small- 
 est things are not only wrong but criminal, the costliest man 
 or equipment is often the cheapest, so the highest excellence 
 cannot otherwise be attained. 
 
 Those of us who have had any part in the organization of 
 this undertaking well know that the man who founded it is 
 still the wisest of its administrators. This whole people will 
 join with them in the prayer that his life may be long spared 
 to witness the growth of the tree he has planted, and to en- 
 joy the gratitude of the youth whose lives he has blessed. 
 As God denied children to Washington that his country 
 might call him father, so, to our founder shall, through re- 
 motest time, uncounted generations educated by his bounty, 
 stand in the place of posterity. . . . 
 
 It is doubted, also, whether, after all, science has any other 
 proper function than that of the handmaiden of human life ; 
 whether the need of this country be not still so great, both in 
 the development of her vast resources, and in the competi- 
 tion of her industries with those of other countries, of all the 
 aid which science can lend her, that it is almost wasteful to 
 use either the brains of her students or the resources of her 
 capital, for any other object 
 
 If we are able to bring here great and shining lights of 
 science, who shall conduct their pupils along the attractive 
 
31 
 
 paths of an original research, which they are to share and 
 partake with each other, we have no fear that our youth will 
 fail in gratitude and affection. The heart of no pupil of 
 Agassiz is likely to grow cold toward the spot hallowed by 
 the master's lessons. The thick warbled note of the Attic 
 bird never failed to bring back the olive groves of Academe 
 to the loving memory of the disciple of Plato. 
 
 Let no man think that this university is to be indifferent to 
 the moral or religious character of her children. She will 
 signally fail in the judgment of those who expect most from 
 her, if the truths to be revealed to those who study here shall 
 fail to beget a spirit of child-like reverence in the presence of 
 the Author of all truth, or if " by the unlocking of the gates 
 of sense, and the kindling of a greater natural light, anything 
 of incredulity or intellectual night shall grow up in thel^ 
 minds toward divine mysteries." 
 
 We do not exalt science above faith, or intellectual attain- 
 ment above moral character. The child that has learned to 
 govern its will by the golden rule, though it can scarce count 
 its fingers, is higher in the scale of being than the astrono- 
 mer who has not learned that lesson, though he know all 
 Kepler's laws and have catalogued the stars. Our pupils 
 will come here, mature in years, with characters largely 
 formed. They will devote themselves to, and be absorbed 
 by, the pursuit of truth. They will have for guides, com- 
 panions, and masters men who will themselves be an exam- 
 ple and an inspiration to all moral excellence. There is little 
 danger that the tares will get into the measures that are 
 already filled with wheat. 
 
 Speaking now for myself alone, I have little sympathy with 
 that arrogant and disdainful spirit with which some men who 
 undertake, with little title, to represent science in this 
 country, sneer at any attempt to make use of the forces she 
 reveals to us for the service of mankind. Some one said 
 the other day, that science was becoming a hod-carrier. I 
 do not see why the term "hod-carrier" should express the 
 relation rather than the term "benefactress," I do not see, 
 either, that there is anything degrading in the thought that 
 the knowledge of the learned man enables him to lift the 
 
32 
 
 burden, beneath which humanity is bowed and bent. I do 
 not know that science is exempt from the divine law, " He 
 that is greatest among you, let him be the servant of all." 
 If the great forces of the universe perform all useful offices 
 for man, if the sunshine warm and light our dwellings, if 
 gravitation move the world and keep it true to its hour, nay, 
 if it keep the temple or cathedral in its place when the hod- 
 carrier has builded it, I do not see why it should not lend its 
 beneficent aid to him also. Our illustrious philosopher 
 advised his countrymen to " hitch his wagon to a star." The 
 star will move no less serenely on its sublime pathway when 
 the wagon is hitched to it. I do not know that any arch- 
 angel or goddess, however resplendent the wings, has yet 
 been constructed or imagined without feet. I do not know 
 that any archangel, however glorious, has ever been created 
 or imagined without sympathy for suffering humanity. 
 
 I look for great advantage to the country, both in wealth 
 and power and in the comfort and moral improvement of the 
 people by the application of science to the useful arts. 
 
 But all this is very different from the hireling spirit, which 
 loses all interest in the revelations of divine wisdom, but 
 for the riches she displays in her left hand ; all this is very 
 different from requiring of the investigator anything but the 
 search for absolute truth. Agassiz, who had no time to make 
 money, and who knew the rich treasures of the Calumet and 
 Hecla mine, without caring to take advantage of them ; 
 Henry, who knew the powers of magnetism years before 
 Morse came with his harness for the steed, are still our best 
 examples of the servant and teacher of science. 
 
 So may this university of ours, modestly, yet hopefully, 
 take its place in that lofty company. It will be a base thing 
 if we let it fail. Massachusetts in her poverty and weakness 
 created the common school and the college. She will dis- 
 dain to fall behind other countries in the higher education 
 which the new centuries require. 
 
33 
 
 General Devens then called upon Rev. Edward Everett 
 Hale, who said: 
 
 "He wished he could have foreseen the establishment of such 
 an institution, but he had not, though he could say that Amer- 
 ica was doing wonderfully well for the Americans. It was 
 in the education of rneji that there was a lack of facilities, es- 
 pecially in the education of those just out of college. The 
 progress of an education should not be broken short when a 
 man has just found out what he wants ; when he has discov- 
 ered what chemistry is, what the study of physics implies, 
 and. so on. For this purpose, it was that Clark University 
 has been organized. He said that he had been to many uni- 
 versity commencements, but never before had he been pres- 
 ent at the commencement of a university. The country does 
 not know yet the meaning of the word university. Some* 
 think of the city of Paris as a place where one goes to spend 
 money for the opera, or where, if they were lucky, they might 
 see a revolution. But its great university is the greatest 
 thing in Paris. We go into our so-called universities and 
 find professors explaining to the boys the diflEerence between 
 the masculine and feminine genders. In the Paris Univer- 
 sity the professors lecture to their equals ; in America it 
 
 ought to be the same He felt that America 
 
 ought to be able to teach Americans everything. It was 
 true, though, that men like Agassiz were Swiss and had taught 
 Americans, but he hoped that Clark University might turn 
 out many like him, who should give heart and soul to the work 
 of science." 
 
34 
 
 FROM THE RECORDS OF THE TRUSTEES. 
 
 Worcester, April 17, 1889. 
 
 All the Trustees and President Hall were present at a meet- 
 ing held this day at the house of Mr. Clark. 
 
 The president of the University was present, and sub- 
 mitted to the trustees a report on the subject of the, organi- 
 zation of the same. 
 
 Voted : — That this report of President Hall be accepted 
 and placed on file, and that the recommendations therein be 
 adopted. 
 
 Voted : — That in accordance with said recommendations, 
 the University begin by the establishment of five depart- 
 ments in science, as follows : 
 
 A Department of Mathematics, 
 A Department of Physics, 
 A Department of Chemistry, 
 A Department of Biology, 
 A Department of Psychology, 
 and that the same be opened in October next. j: 
 
 Voted : — That President Hall be requested to prepare and 
 issue a Prospectus, based on the recommendations of his 
 report. 
 
 Worcester, May 23, 1889. 
 
 A regular meeting of the board of trustees was held this 
 day at 2.30 p. m. at the main building. 
 
 Present: Messrs. Clark, Salisbury, Devens, Rice, Swan 
 and Goulding, and President Hall. 
 
 Mr. Rice was called to the chair. 
 
 Records of the last meeting were read and approved. 
 
 Mr. Clark as chairman of the finance committee, reported 
 that of the $300,000 set apart as a building fund, $190,000 
 have have been spent for the main building and that about 
 $60,000 of this fund remain at this date unspent. 
 
 It was then Voted : — That the finance committee be auth- 
 orized to provide all instruments and all other material 
 needed for the opening of the University in its variou.s 
 departments. 
 
35 
 
 On motion of Judge Devens it was then 
 
 Voted : — That the duties of the president of the Univer- 
 sity be defined as follows : 
 
 The president of the University shall consult frequently 
 with the trustees on all matters which concern the welfare of 
 the University, and attend the meetings of the board. He 
 shall confer with each instructor concerning the development 
 of his department, determine the duties and authority of 
 each, and preside at the meetings of the faculty. He shall 
 be the authorized medium of communication between the 
 board of trustees and the officers of instruction, individually 
 and collectively, in all matters involving the administration 
 of the University. The enactments of the board concerning 
 instructors and their work and all requests, complaints and 
 proposals from the faculty to the trustees shall be made 
 known through him. He shall exercise or provide such 
 superintendence over buildings, apparatus, books and other 
 property as will secure their protection and appropriate use. 
 Expenditures must not be ordered by any instructor of the 
 University without his previous consent or the express 
 authority of the board. 
 
 At this meeting, on motion of Mr. Clark, it was 
 
 Voted: — That the President of the University be, and 
 hereby is, appointed Professor of Psychology, but without 
 additional salary. 
 
 The President was authorized to engage the following 
 Professors and Instructors : 
 H. H. Donaldson, 
 W. P. Lombard, 
 
 E. C. Sanford, 
 A. A. Michelson, 
 
 F. Mall. 
 
 The salaries of the above Instructors and that of the Presi- 
 dent were determined. 
 
 President Hall submitted the following first official an- 
 nouncement of the opening of the University. 
 
36 
 
 Clark University — First Official Announcement. 
 The Founder's Purpose. 
 
 Clark University was founded by the munificence of a 
 native of Worcester county, whose plans, conceived more 
 than 20 years ago, have gradually grown with his fortune. 
 His aflEairs have been so arranged as to allow long intervals 
 for travel and study. During eight years thus spent, the 
 leading foreign institutions of learning, old and new, were 
 visited, and their records gathered and read. These 
 studies centered about the means by which knowledge is in- 
 creased and diffused, and by which the highest culture of one 
 generation is best transmitted to the youths of the next. 
 To the enlargement and improvement of these means the 
 University will be devoted. 
 
 It is the strong and expressed desire of the founder that 
 the highest possible academic standards be here forever 
 maintained ; that special opportunities and inducements be 
 offered to research ; that to this end the instructors be not 
 overburdened with teaching or examinations ; that all avail- 
 able experience, both of older countries and our own be 
 freely utilized, and that new measures, and even innovations 
 if really helpful to the highest needs of modern science and 
 culture, be no less freely adopted ; in fine, that the great 
 opportunities of a new foundation in this land and age be 
 diligently explored and improved. 
 
 He has chosen Worcester as the seat of the new founda- 
 tion after mature deliberation — first, because its location is 
 central among the best colleges of the east, and by supple- 
 menting rather than duplicating their work, he hopes to 
 advance all their interests and to secure their good will and 
 active support, that, together, further steps may be taken in 
 the development of superior education in New England ; and 
 secondly, because he believes the culture of this city will 
 insure that enlightened public opinion always indispensable 
 in maintaining these educational standards at their highest, 
 and that its wealth will insure the perpetual increase of 
 revenue required for the rapid progress of science. 
 
 The organization of several of the departments was deter- 
 
37 
 
 mined upon at some length at this important meeting and 
 in the personnel of the appointees, the apparatus, the equip- 
 ment of the laboratories, and in the announcements author- 
 ized research and advanced work were primarily considered ; 
 e.g., "A well-equipped laboratory of apparatus for research 
 in the various departments of experimental psychology will 
 also be opened in October. 
 
 Opportunities for prompt publication of meritorious in- 
 vestigations, together with digests of current literature in this 
 department, will be found in the Arnerican Journal of Psychol- 
 ogy, which is published under the editorial care of Dr. Hall. 
 
 " The work of the psychological department is intended for 
 the following classes of students: those who desire to teach 
 philosophy in any, or all, of its departments; physicians who 
 wish to become specialists in the treatment of insanity or ol 
 diseases with nervous complications; those who desire to 
 study education professionally (and who are advised to give 
 most of their energy to psychology, which is its chief scien- 
 tific basis, pedagogy being a field of applied psychology). 
 
 Some of the special topics into which the work above 
 naturally falls can be attended as a special course by stu- 
 dents of other departments. 
 
 ' ' The organization of all of the above and of other depart" 
 ments will be gradual, and the foundation-period of the Uni- 
 versity will cover some years." 
 
 METHODS. 
 
 Besides field work, excursions to institutions public and 
 private, coaching and cram-classes, examinations, conferences 
 and other modes by which knowledge now seems best im- 
 parted and retained, the following educational methods will 
 probably be prominent: 
 
 Semi7taries. These are stated, perhaps weekly, meetings, 
 often in a department library, for joint, systematic, but con- 
 versational work, under the personal direction of the professor, 
 in some special chapter of his subject. Here the results of 
 individual reading are reported for the benefit of all; views 
 are freely criticised; new inquiries, methods, comparisons, 
 standpoints, etc., suggested. From the mutual stimulus thus 
 
38 
 
 given many important works hare proceeded, and the effi- 
 ciency of universities, especially in Germany where semina- 
 ries were first generally introduced, has been greatly increased. 
 
 Laboratory Work. For beginners this was from the first 
 the best of all forms of apprenticeship, bringing student and 
 professor to a far closer and mutually stimulating relation. 
 Here the manipulation of apparatus is learned, each well- 
 chosen piece of which is an obvious epitome of long lines of 
 research, processes are criticised, results obtained by other 
 investigators are tested, methods are discussed and perfected. 
 The modern laboratory has thus become an unexcelled school 
 of logical mental discipline, from which is developed, as its 
 best product, that rare independence in research which is the 
 consummation of scientific culture. 
 
 Lectures. The trustees desire that each instructor, of how- 
 ever few students, should prepare and deliver regular lectures, 
 with diagrams, illustrative apparatus and references to stand- 
 ard textbooks, and the best current literature upon each topic. 
 Advanced students and instructors will also be encouraged 
 to supplement the work of the professors by giving special 
 lectures and courses. Public lectures will from time to time 
 be given. 
 
 CLASSES OF STUDENTS. 
 
 The following classes of students will be admitted : 
 
 I. Independent Students. 
 
 This class will include those who have already taken the 
 doctorate or other academic degrees in this country or abroad, 
 and others of sufficient training who have time that may be 
 devoted to particular lines of study or research. 
 
 For competent men of this class, individual arrangements 
 may be made, and an independent room, and even special 
 apparatus and books provided, that they may pursue their 
 investigations, either alone or with the aid and counsel of 
 the instructors, to the best advantage. 
 
 " Conditions under which a few of the most advanced stu- 
 dents of this class can be granted the venia docendi, as lectur- 
 ers or docents, are under careful consideration. 
 
39 
 
 " It is hoped that some of the permanent instructors of the 
 University may be recruited from this class. 
 
 " It is probable that a few of these mature students can be 
 received not only in the five departments named above, but 
 in others soon to be organized, and in the development of 
 which they may co-operate." 
 
 II. Candidates for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 
 
 " Those qualified for this degree will be matriculated early 
 in the fall, after suitable tests, which will also aid in determ- 
 ining when they can be admitted to the final examination. 
 
 "The full course provided for this class of students will be 
 three years, but admission to advanced standing at the out- 
 set is possible, and those found to be qualified may be 
 allowed to take the doctor's examination in two years, or 
 even one. 
 
 "It is to the needs of these students that the lectures, sem- 
 inaries, laboratories and collections of books and apparatus 
 will be especially shaped, and no pains will be spared to 
 afford them every needed stimulus and opportunity. It is 
 for them that the fellowships and scholarships are primarily 
 intended, although any of these honors may be awarded to 
 students in classes I or III." 
 
 III. Special students not candidates for a degree. 
 
 "This class includes those who may desire to devote them- 
 selves exclusively to one or more of the special branches — 
 mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology or psychology — 
 but who do not care to matriculate or become candidates for 
 a degree. 
 
 " These students, provided they satisfy the heads of depart- 
 ments of their training and competency in one subject, in 
 which they must be advanced (although they may be less so, 
 or even beginners, in other subjects) may be allowed entire 
 freedom in their choice and combination of studies, and, 
 as special students, may enjoy all the privileges of the 
 University. 
 
 "Thus, students of sufficient preliminary training can be 
 admitted to the departments of chemistry, biology, anatomy, 
 
40 
 
 physiology and neurology, and receive here the purely sci- 
 entific part of a medical education." 
 
 IV. Preliminary candidates. 
 
 "Non-university students of less special, or less advanced 
 standing than the above four classes, who are nearly, but 
 not quite, qualified to become candidates for the degree of 
 doctor of philosophy, may also be received. 
 
 " Students of this class must for the present have completed 
 the work of the first three, or at least of the first two, years 
 of a regular under-graduate course in a college of good stand- 
 ing, or the equivalent thereof. They must satisfy the author- 
 ities of the University that they can proceed to the degree of 
 A. B. in one year and contemplate advancing to a higher 
 degree. The privileges and status of these students will be 
 more fully defined later. They may be elected to scholar- 
 ships, but not to fellowships." 
 
 FELLOWSHIPS AND SCHOLARSHIPS. 
 
 To no form of educational gift or bequest have probably 
 so many people contributed as to the various forms of indi- 
 vidual aid to meritorious students. 
 
 Under the names of bursaries, stipends, exhibitions, prizes, 
 benefices, etc., as well as of scholarships and fellowships, 
 the revenues of foundations established by and bearing the 
 names of sometimes hundreds of donors in a single univer- 
 sity, are annually distributed. 
 
 Sometimes these funds were given by men or women 
 themselves not far removed from need, and are appointed 
 to furnish a student with firewood, a room, a bed, one daily 
 meal, or a coat each year, etc., and sometimes yielding one 
 or two thousand dollars to a single holder. Often many 
 students were provided by a single donor, and some of these 
 European foundations, even the smallest, are centuries old, 
 so sacredly are they guarded, and others are even now being 
 established. 
 
 The more advanced the education the more such aids are 
 needed, and the more numerous and substantial do they in 
 fact become in Europe. 
 
41 
 
 So great is now the need of bringing the best intellects to 
 fullest maturity, and so increasingly necessary for the highest 
 scientific attainment are now the leisure, tranquility, books 
 and apparatus thus best supplied, that the demand is strong 
 for still more and greater aids of this kind for advanced and 
 competent students. 
 
 Several of the wisest governments in Europe, recognizing 
 that the modern world and its rulers are ruled by experts 
 thus best trained, vie with private munificence in supplying 
 such aids. 
 
 With a deep sense of the peculiar needs of our country in 
 this respect, the founder of this University and his wife have 
 provided such opportunity and incentive here as follows : 
 
 In addition to all previous gifts of the donor, and apart 
 from the permanent funds of the University, full tuition ftf 
 two hundred dollars each for thirty meritorious students will 
 be paid into the treasury. For eight of these students, thus 
 freed from tuition, Mr. Clark has also established fellowships 
 yielding each holder four hundred dollars per annum, and 
 eight more fellowships yielding each holder two hundred 
 dollars per annum. These, with eight free scholarships as 
 above provided, will be known as the Jonas G. Clark 
 Fellowships and Scholarships respectively. 
 
 Mrs. Clark has established two fellowships yielding four 
 hundred each, and two fellowships yielding two hundred 
 dollars each per annum. These with the two remaining 
 scholarships, will be known as the Mrs. Jonas G. Clark 
 Fellowships and Scholarships respectively. 
 
 These six latter are especially provided for the depart- 
 ment of psychology, while the 24 presented by Mr. Clark 
 are to be distributed among the other four departments at 
 the discretion of the president and faculty. 
 
 The founder and his wife unite with the trustees and presi- 
 dent in inviting sympathy and practical co-operation in the 
 multiplication of such aids, large or small, temporary or 
 permanent, here at the outset. 
 
 Both scholarships and fellowships are open only to students 
 in one or more of the five departments announced, and are 
 renewable annually. They are designed to encourage prom- 
 
42 
 
 ising- young men, graduates of colleges and others who have 
 developed a preference for particular lines of study in which 
 they desire to attain still further proficiency. 
 
 While intended to remove pecuniary hindrances in the 
 way of such students, both scholarships and fellowships are 
 primarily honors, awarded without reference to pecuniary 
 needs. Thus those desiring to do so may relinquish the 
 emolument and retain the title of scholar and fellow. 
 
 Residence in Worcester, during University sessions, and 
 work under the general direction of the heads of depart- 
 ments is required. Those appointed to these honors must, 
 unless by special arrangement, be under the age of thirty- 
 five, and must devote themselves to scientific or liberal, in- 
 stead of to industrial or professional studies. They should 
 work in a spirit of hearty co-operation with their instructors 
 and of genuine devotion to science. 
 
 Applications can now be received, and may be accompanied 
 by diplomas, testimonials, and a brief statement of the 
 course of study. Those applying for fellowships, especially 
 of the first class, should also if possible, submit some spec- 
 imen of their work, in writing or in print. 
 
 Appointments will be made from time to time during the 
 coming summer and fall. Private announcements will be 
 sent to successful candidates, and no publicity will be given 
 to the names of those not appointed. 
 
 Beginning with the above paragraph on the duties of the 
 president, what follows under the heading of Departments 
 and Instructors, Methods, Classes of Students, Fellowships 
 and Scholarships, etc., was not only entered in the proceed- 
 ings of the board but has stood in the catalogue every year 
 since the opening of the institution. 
 
 G. Stanley Hall, 
 
 President of Clark University. 
 
 Voted : — That the form of this first official announcement, 
 as above presented by the president be accepted, adopted 
 and extended on the records. 
 
43 
 
 Voted : — That the Faculty be authorized to allot fellow- 
 ships and scholarships according to their best judgment. 
 Adjourned. 
 
 Frank P. Goulding, 
 
 Secretary of the Corporation. 
 
 Worcester, April 17, 1889. 
 
 All the trustees were present at a meeting held this day at 
 the home of Mr. Clark. 
 
 September 26, 1889. 
 
 Present : Messrs. Jonas G. Clark, Charles Devens, George 
 F. Hoar, Stephen Salisbury, and Frank P. Goulding, and 
 President Hall. 
 
 The following appointments to the corps of instructor^ 
 was ratified and approved: 
 WilHam E. Story, 
 Arthur Michael, 
 C. O. Whitman, 
 J. U. Nef, 
 Oscar Bolza. 
 
 President Hall's report on books and apparatus was ac- 
 cepted and recorded. 
 
 Preparations for the opening exercises were made. 
 
 The following by-laws were unanimously adopted : 
 
 1. The President of the University shall preside on all 
 public academic occasions, shall direct the official corres- 
 pondence, study the wants and interests of the whole Uni- 
 versity and exercise a general superintendence over all its 
 concerns. His first care, and that of the authorities of the 
 University, shall be the departments already established, and 
 next those closely related to them ; but no other department 
 shall be established until those already introduced have been 
 brought to the highest state of efficiency then possible. All 
 acts, however, which shall involve the expenditure of money 
 in the administration of the University's affairs, shall be sub- 
 ject to the approval of the Board of Trustees or the Finance 
 Committee for the time being. 
 
44 
 
 2. As the efficiency of the University depends chiefly upon 
 the quality of its Faculty, the Board of Trustees will hold the 
 President to a strict but reasonable accountability for the 
 fidelity and ability of each instructor. The President only 
 shall have the power to select and appoint all officers of in- 
 struction, subject to the approval of the Board of Trustees. 
 To make wise and well considered appointments, to maintain 
 harmony within the Faculty and to increase their efficiency 
 in research and instruction shall be his most important duty. 
 If at any time the President shall be negligent in the dis- 
 charge of these or other duties, or is from any cause disabled 
 from discharging them, they may be exercised by the Board 
 of Trustees. 
 
 3. The President of the University shall be the medium 
 of communication between the Trustees and Instructors, in- 
 dividually and collectively, upon all matters within the field 
 of action of either body. He shall attend all meetings of the 
 Board of Trustees, of which he shall be notified, and shall 
 participate in their deliberations, but without the power to 
 vote. All complaints and requests from members of one 
 body to the other shall be made through him. 
 
 4. The President shall call and preside over all official 
 meetings of the Instructors, and a record of their proceedings 
 shall be kept. These records are in no case to be made known 
 to others than the Trustees. They shall always be in the 
 custody of the President, but may be inspected by the Trus- 
 tees, or either of them at any time. 
 
 5. The President of the University, in the absence of the 
 Trustees or Finance Committee, shall have the entire direc- 
 tion and control of the persons employed about the Univer- 
 sity, and not engage in the work of instruction ; the duties of 
 all such persons shall be assigned, and they shall be appointed 
 or removed by him, subject to the approval of the Finance 
 Committee. 
 
 6. No Instructor shall order any books or apparatus, or 
 any thing connected with the work of instruction, without 
 the approval of the President. No expense for the care of 
 building or grounds, nor for alterations or repairs within and 
 upon the same shall be made without the approval of the 
 
45 
 
 Board of Trustees or the Finance Committee, such altera- 
 tions or repairs in no case to exceed the appropriations made 
 for that purpose. If the Trustees or Finance Committee, or 
 any person shall make contracts in behalf of the University 
 without authority, the officer or person making such contract 
 shall become individually responsible therefor. 
 
 7. The officers of instruction shall be appointed for a term 
 of from one to five years. At the end of this period the work 
 of each Instructor will be subjected to a careful scrutiny upon 
 the results of which his reappointment will depend, always 
 provided, however, that any Instructor will be liable to be 
 discharged at any time for incapacity, neglect of duty, or for 
 such other cause as shall seem good to the Trustees. 
 
 8. Each Instructor shall give stated lectures to however 
 few. He shall actively and zealously strive to maintain tl|p 
 highest possible standard, shall work in a spirit of hearty 
 sympathy and co-operation, and shall encourage research by 
 precept, and if possible, by example. 
 
 9. The foregoing By-Laws are intended to embody the 
 provisions contained in a vote passed by the corporation on 
 the twenty-third day of May, A. D. 1889, upon the motion of 
 Judge Devens. If at any time hereafter any discrepancy 
 shall be found to exist between the two, said By-Laws shall 
 be so far modified as to conform to the provisions of said 
 vote. 
 
 10. No Instructor shall engage in any outside professional 
 or technical pursuit without the approval of the Board, the 
 Finance Committee or the President. 
 
 11. These By-Laws, or any one of them, may be changed, 
 amended or repealed by a vote of three-fourths at least of 
 the Trustees at any meeting of their Board duly called, 
 notified and held for that purpose. 
 
 At this meeting it was 
 
 Voted: — To establish the grade of docent and to define 
 its functions as follows : 
 
 The highest annual appointment is that of docent. This 
 rank and title is primarily intended as an honor to be awarded 
 to those worthy of more permanent and lucrative positions, 
 
46 
 
 as professors, or assistant professors in colleges. It may be 
 bestowed without examination upon a few men who have 
 advanced beyond the requirements of a doctorate and who 
 satisfy the authorities of the University by a thesis, a public 
 address or in any other way, of both their scientific attain- 
 ments and their teaching ability, and, if necessary, may be 
 accompanied by a salary. 
 
 Docents may be provided with individual rooms, a special 
 apparatus may be purchased for their research if desired and 
 approved. They may also be equipped and sent on scien- 
 tific expeditions. While they will be expected during some 
 part of the year to deliver a limited number of lectures on 
 some special chapter of their department, their time will 
 usually be reserved for study and research in a way best 
 adapted to qualify them still more fully for academic ad- 
 vancement. 
 
 It is believed that by the existence of such a select body 
 of men of guaranteed scientific training and ability and 
 approved power to teach, that the difficulties under which 
 college trustees sometimes succumb in selecting suitable 
 men as their professors may be diminished and that other- 
 wise this new academic grade will aid in raising standards 
 of scientific scholarship in colleges and in encouraging scien- 
 tific research. 
 
 October 2, 1889. 
 
 A meeting was called by order of the president of the 
 board, the following named being present : 
 
 Jonas G. Clark, Charles Devens, George F. Hoar, John D. 
 Washburn, W. W. Rice, Stephen Salisbury, George Swan, 
 Frank P. Goulding and G. Stanley Hall. 
 
 Edward Cowles, M. D., of Somerville, Mass., was unani- 
 mously elected by ballot of trustees to fill the vacancy 
 caused by the death of Joseph Sargent, M. D. 
 
 Voted : — That Jonas G. Clark be appointed Treasurer, and 
 James P. Hamilton of the Worcester National Bank, Cashier. 
 
 April 11, 1890. 
 A meeting was held at the house of Mr. Clark. 
 Present : Messrs. Clark, Devens, Rice, Cowles, Salisbury, 
 Swan, Goulding and President Hall. 
 
47 
 
 On motion of Judge Devens it was 
 
 Voted: — To authorize the president and finance commit- 
 tee to engage .men to strengthen the present departments 
 and add others to the extent of the means provided for that 
 purpose. 
 
 On motion of Judge Devens it was 
 
 Voted : — As the work of the University increases its settled 
 policy shall be always, to first strengthen departments al- 
 ready established until they are as thorough, as advanced, as 
 special, and as efficient as possible, before proceeding to the 
 establishment of new ones. 
 
 When this is done and new departments are established, 
 those shall always be chosen first which are scientifically 
 most closely related to departments already established, 
 that the body of sciences here represented may be kept vi|;- 
 orous and compact, and that the strength of the University may 
 always rest, not upon the number of subjects nor the breadth 
 or length of its curriculum, but upon its thoroughness and 
 its unity. 
 
 This shall in no wise hinder the establishment, by other 
 donors than the Founder, of other and more independent 
 departments, if approved by the trustees. 
 
 While ability in teaching shall always be held in great 
 importance, the leading consideration in all engagements, 
 reappointments and promotions, shall be the quality and 
 quantity of successful investigations. 
 
 Among the by-laws adopted at this meeting for the admin- 
 istration of the University, the following is the ninth : 
 
 9. The Trustees desire that no Instructor, Docent, or 
 Fellow, shall enter upon other engagements outeide his 
 proper work in the University, of a kind or amount likely to 
 lessen his full efficiency for science within the University. 
 
 Voted : — That the following announcement be adopted : 
 
 Only graduate students are admitted, or those of equiv- 
 alent attainments, unless in rare and special cases. At 
 present no entrance examinations are required, but, by testi- 
 monials, diplomas, personal interviews, or written specimens 
 of work, the authorities must be satisfied that the applicant 
 has scholarship enough to work to advantage, and zeal and 
 
48 
 
 ability enough to devote himself to his chosen field. The 
 methods of the University, its energy and funds are too 
 precious to be spent upon men who are not promising and 
 in earnest. 
 
 It is highly desirable that candidates entering any of the 
 five departments should have, besides a knowledge of the 
 subjects taught in college, a reading knowledge of French 
 and German. 
 
 Degrees. Doctor of Philosophy. 
 
 For most candidates just from college, three years of 
 post-graduate study will probably be required for this degree, 
 but it may be conferred at any time when merited in the judg- 
 ment of the University authorities. For this degree a 
 reading knowledge of French and German, an examination 
 and a thesis are indispensable. The thesis must be on an 
 approved subject, to which it must be an original contribution 
 of value, must be reported on in writing by the chief instruc- 
 tor in the department, printed in whole or in part at the 
 expense of the candidate and one hundred copies given to 
 the University. 
 
 For the bestowal of this degree the approbation of the 
 board of trustees must in each case be obtained, who desire 
 the standard requirements for it to be kept the highest prac- 
 ticable, that it may be reserved for men of superior ability 
 or attainment only, and that its value here be never suffered 
 to depreciate. 
 
 Fellowships at Clark University are intended for young 
 men of promise who desire to pursue post-graduate studies 
 in order to fit themelves for intellectual careers. It is desir- 
 able, but not required, that candidates for these positions 
 should intend to proceed to the degree of Doctor of Philos- 
 ophy or to equivalent attainments. In general, those in- 
 tending to represent some special branch of learning are 
 preferred to those directly fitting themselves for one of the 
 three learned professions, although the latter are not excluded. 
 
 Applications should state the candidate's course of study 
 and be accompanied by testimonials or diplomas; should 
 indicate a decided preference for some special department, 
 
49 
 
 and if possible, be accompanied by some specimen of his 
 work for the aid of the board of selection. 
 
 Applications will be considered in June and in October, 
 and should be in the hands of the president on or before the 
 first of these months. In special cases, vacancies may be 
 filled by appointments at any time during the year. 
 
 The names of unsuccessful candidates will not be made 
 public. 
 
 Fellows must reside in Worcester duringf the acadeniic 
 year and devote themselves to special studies under the 
 direction of their instructors, and must give such evidence 
 of progress of proficiency before the end of the year as the 
 authorities may require. They must co-operate in promoting 
 order and the ends of the University, must not teach else- 
 where and may be reappointed at the end of the year. • 
 
 Docents. The highest annual appointment is that of docent. 
 These positions are primarily honors and are reserved for 
 a few men whose work has already marked a distinct advance 
 beyond the doctorate, and who wish to engage in research. 
 
 These positions are now official appointments. Appointees, 
 or others found worthy, however, may be formally invested 
 with the licentia decendi, the terms of which can now be 
 furnished on application and a memoir or essay representing 
 original work in their own department, but without examin- 
 ation. This highest academic honor will be strictly reserved 
 for those of marked scientific attainment and teaching ability, 
 and, so far as this diploma can have the significance of a 
 title or degree, it will be regarded by the University as a 
 brevet collegiate professorship. 
 
 Good men of this class are desired by the University 
 above all others and may even be paid a salary. 
 
 April 4, 1891. 
 
 Present: Messrs. Hoar, Salisbury, Rice, Goulding, Swan 
 and Cowles, and President Hall. 
 
 This was the first meeting of the Board since its organiza- 
 tion at which Mr. Clark was absent. 
 
 Voted : — To approve revised regulations for the Doctor's 
 degree, suggested by Dr. Hall, which are as follows : 
 
50 
 
 It is probable in most cases that three, or at least two, 
 years of graduate work, will be necessary for this degree. 
 Examinations for it, however, may be taken at any time 
 when in the judgment of the University authorities the can- 
 didate is prepared. A prearranged period of serious work 
 at the University itself is indispensable. 
 
 For this degree the first requirement is a thesis upon an 
 approved subject, to which it must be an original contribution 
 of value. To this capital importance is attached. It must 
 be reported on in writing by the chief instructor, printed at 
 the expense of the candidate, and at least one hundred copies 
 given to the University. In case, however, of theses of very 
 unusual length, or containing plates of unusual expensive- 
 ness, the academic senate shall have power, at the request 
 of the candidate, to reduce the number of presentation copies 
 to fifty. Each of these copies shall bear upon it, in print, 
 the statement of the chief instructor that it is a thesis for the 
 doctor's degree in his department at Clark University. 
 
 Such formal or informal tests as the academic senate shall 
 determine shall mark the acceptance of each student or fel- 
 low as candidate. 
 
 One object of this preliminary test shall be to insure a good 
 reading knowledge of French and German. Such formal 
 candidature shall precede by not less than three months, and 
 not more than one year, the examination itself, and the nature 
 and result of this test shall be made matter of record. 
 
 The fee for the Doctor's degree is $25.00, and in every 
 case it must be paid, and the presentative copies of the thesis 
 must be in the hands of the Librarian before the diploma is 
 given. In exceptional cases, however, and by special action 
 of the senate, the ceremony of promotion may precede the 
 presentation of the printed copies of the thesis. The latter, 
 however, must always precede the actual presentation of the 
 diploma. 
 
 An oral but not a written examination is required upon at 
 least one minor subject in addition to the major before an 
 examination jury, composed of at least four members includ- 
 ing the head of the department and the President of the Uni- 
 versity who is authorized to invite any person from within or 
 
 I 
 
51 
 
 without the University to be present and to ask questions. 
 The jury shall report the results of the examination to the 
 senate who, if they are also satisfied, may recommend the 
 candidate for the degree. 
 
 April 8, 1891. 
 
 Adjourned meeting. Present: Messrs. Hoar, Salisbury, 
 Rice, Goulding and Swan, and President Hall. 
 
 The following letter from Mr. Clark was read and recorded : 
 
 President G. Stanley Hall and Trustees 
 OF Clark University, 
 Gentlemen : 
 I very much regret my inability to meet you on our second 
 anniversary, but it seems prudent for me to remain quiet. 
 
 We send you a hearty greeting and authorize you to say 
 that Mrs. Clark and myself will contribute fifty thousand dol- 
 lars to the University which you can place to the general 
 account and use the same where it is most needed. 
 Yours most respectfully, 
 
 Jonas G. Clark. 
 39 Elm St., Oct. 4th, 1890. 
 
 May 19, 1891. 
 
 A regularly called meeting was held at the Worcester 
 National Bank. 
 
 Present: Messrs, Clark, Hoar, Salisbury, Rice and Gould- 
 ing, and President Hall. 
 
 This was the last meeting ever attended by Mr. Clark. 
 
 Mr. Hoar presented the following letter to Mr. Clark on 
 the occasion of his proposed journey to Europe : 
 
 Worcester, Mass., May 11th, '91. 
 
 Jonas G. Clark, Esq., 
 
 Worcester, Mass. 
 
 Dear Mr. Clark : 
 
 Your associates, the members of the Board of Trustees 
 
 of the University which bears your name, desire to express 
 
 to you their earnest hope that the journey you are about 
 
 to undertake may be in all respects fortunate, and that you 
 
52 
 
 may return with your health completely restored, and may 
 be spared for many years to give to the University the benefit 
 of your wisdom and experience. 
 
 It seems to us that there is most abundant reason for 
 congratulation and satisfaction in the history of the institu- 
 tion thus far. The most eminent scholars, not only in this 
 country but in Europe, have testified their approbation of its 
 plan so far as it has been developed. Other institutions, 
 including the foremost in this country, are watching it, 
 eager to adopt its ideas, and are endeavoring (some of 
 them) to tempt from its service the distinguished schol- 
 ars whom it has engaged. Among the many evidences 
 of this success one of the most striking is the statement 
 made by an Overseer of Harvard University that the endow- 
 ment had already done more good to Harvard alone than 
 would have been accomplished if it had been given to Har- 
 vard. When we consider that the great care which has been 
 taken to make no mistake in laying deeply and wisely the 
 foundation of Clark University has not permitted a constant 
 advertisement beforehand, or taking the public into full 
 confidence until the wisdom of the purposes of the Founder 
 had been made manifest by the accomplishment of results, 
 it seems to us that the position it has gained in public esteem 
 is very remarkable. We hope you will not permit yourself 
 to doubt for a moment the deep and strong hold you have 
 upon the public gratitude as one of the very foremost among 
 public benefactors. 
 
 Renewing the expression of our hope for the success of 
 your journey, and for the health and happiness of Mrs. Clark, 
 we remain, 
 
 Your friends and colleagues, 
 
 George F. Hoar, 
 W. W. Rice, 
 Frank P. Goulding, 
 George Swan, 
 Stephen Salisbury. 
 
 Ordered: — That the above letter be spread upon the 
 records of the corporation. 
 
 1 
 
53 
 
 Mr. Clark then presented the following letter, which was 
 ordered to be entered upon the records. 
 
 Worcester, April 1, 1891. 
 
 To THE Trustees of Clark University, 
 Gentlemen : 
 
 I have obtained in the interests of the University the 
 following securities, and now offer the same for your accept- 
 ance. If accepted by you, the transfer of these securities to 
 be upon the following specified conditions, viz.: 
 
 They are to be endorsed on my note of $700,000.00 under 
 date of April 1, 1891 :— 
 
 Accrued interest on each one to that date to be paid to me 
 when collected: — 
 
 All interest paid upon each one from that date with matur- 
 ity over four per cent, per annum to be paid to me or my 
 estate as partial indemnity for extra premium paid by me. 
 
 A list of the securities follows. 
 
 At this meeting Mr. Clark resigned his office as treasurer, 
 and presented the following letter : 
 
 Worcester, May 12, 1891. 
 
 Trustees of Clark University, 
 Gentlemen : 
 Mrs. Clark and myself will contribute for Fellowships, 
 Scholarships, and to the General Fund for the next academic 
 year, commencing October first. 
 
 ($2,000) two thousand dollars per month: 
 $3,000 for department of Morphology, $1,000 for depart- 
 ment of Physics, $1,000 for department of Pedagogy, $1,000 
 for department of Psychology, making in all ($30,000) thirty 
 thousand dollars. 
 
 Respectfully yours, 
 
 Jonas G. Clark. 
 
 By L. C. M. 
 
 Voted : — That the thanks of the Trustees be presented to 
 Mr. and Mrs. Clark for their generous gift, and that the same 
 be gratefully accepted. 
 
54 
 
 May 25, 1891. 
 
 Present: Messrs. Hoar, Salisbury, Rice, Gage and Swan, 
 and President Hall. 
 
 It was 
 
 Voted :— That it is the mind of the Board that the present 
 departments of the University should be sustained to the full 
 limit of the funds available for the coming year. 
 
 December 3, 1891. 
 
 Present: Messrs. Hoar, Salisbury, Rice, Gage, Washburn, 
 Cowles and Goulding, and President Plall. 
 
 Voted unanimously : — That it is the determination of the 
 Board to maintain the present high standard of University 
 work in the Institution in all the departments which our re- 
 sources shall enable us to maintain at all. 
 
 April 9, 1892. 
 
 Present: Messrs. Rice, Gage, Goulding, Swan and Salis- 
 bury, and President Hall. 
 
 A letter from Mr. Clark, dated Nice, March 19, 1892, in 
 which he says : 
 
 I do not care to make a pledge for a term of years, but 
 Mrs. Clark and myself will contribute for next year, $1,500 
 per month, commencing Oct, 1st, 1892. 
 
 At this meeting it was 
 
 Resolved: — That the trustees have learned from time to 
 time of the unusual diligence and success in research of As- 
 sistant Professor Nef, and take occasion, near the close of 
 his first term of appointment, to express and record their 
 satisfaction that the University has been able to aid him by 
 the appointment of a research assistant and by exemption 
 from excessive teaching, to opportunities that have been so 
 fully utilized, both by the rapid growth of his own scientific 
 power and standing, and by the value of his special contribu- 
 tions to science, both of which have brought credit to his 
 department of the University among the chemists of the 
 world. 
 
 June 10, 1893. 
 
 Present: Messrs. Hoar, Rice, Salisbury, Washburn, Cowles, 
 Swan, Gage and Goulding, and President Hall. 
 
55 
 
 A communication addressed to the president and trustees 
 from twenty-three scholars and fellows was presented. 
 
 Voted: — That the said communication be recorded and 
 placed on the records. 
 
 It is as follows : — 
 
 To THE President and Trustees 
 
 OF Clark University: 
 
 As fellows and scholars in Clark University during this 
 the fourth year of its work, we feel that we cannot allow the 
 year to close without some expression of our appreciation 
 of the privileges that have been accorded us. 
 
 The uniform kindness and attention of the president and 
 the staff of professors and other instructors, and the readiness 
 with which they have at all times given encouragement and 
 direction to our efforts, have largely facilitated the worE 
 with which we have been occupied and have given us an 
 interest and enthusiasm which could not otherwise have been 
 attained. We have acquired an increased love of science 
 for its own sake, and such an interest in all educational 
 questions as comes only from contact with men who are 
 broad and sympathetic, and who are thoroughly informed on 
 all movements for the advancement of human knowledge. 
 
 The facilities here furnished for study and research, the 
 ready access to all books and apparatus, the freedom from 
 mere routine duties and those restricting regulations which 
 are necessary in institutions embracing an under-graduate 
 department, the direct contact with the instructors, which is 
 possible only when the number of students is small, all tend, 
 in our opinion, to make Clark University an ideal place for 
 the true student, and to render his work the best that he is 
 capable of accomplishing. 
 
 July 9. 1900. 
 
 Present: Messrs, Hoar, Salisbury, Gage, Goulding and 
 Cowles, and President Hall. 
 
 It was 
 
 Voted : — The trustees hope and expect to go on with the 
 work of the University, according to the scheme heretofore 
 pursued, and with a wider efficiency and usefulness. 
 
57 
 
 WILL OF JONAS G. CLARK. 
 
 Know al! men by these presents: Thati, jONAS 
 
 G. CLARK, of the City of Worcester, in the County of Wor- 
 cester, in Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Gentleman, being 
 in the enjoyment of my ordinary and accustomed health, and 
 in the possession of a sound and disposing mind, memory and 
 understanding, do make, publish and declare this Instrument 
 to be my last will and testament, hereby revoking and declar- 
 ing null and void, any and all former wills, or instruments in 
 the nature of a will, by me at any time heretofore made, that 
 is to say : — 
 
 % 
 ITEM FIRST. I direct that all my just and legal debts, 
 if any I have, all my funeral expenses, and all necessary proper 
 and reasonable costs and charges, incurred in any way in the 
 settlement of my business affairs, and in carrying into execu- 
 tion the several provisions and trusts contained and set forth 
 in this present Instrument, including the sums hereinafter pro- 
 vided to be paid to my several executors for personal services 
 in the execution of the trusts hereby committed to them, be 
 first paid out of my estate and the proceeds thereof. 
 
 ITEM SECOND. All of my wardrobe of every descrip- 
 tion, together with all my jewelry, watches and ornaments of 
 the person ; also, all of my horses, carriages, sleighs, harness, 
 robes and other articles and furnishings appertaining to, or 
 ordinarially used in connection with my said horses, carriages, 
 &c. , whatsoever the same may be, or however named or de- 
 scribed, I give and bequeath unto my dear wife, Susan W. 
 Clark, for her own sole and absolute use and benefit forever. 
 
 ITEM THIRD. I also give and bequeath unto my said 
 wife, Susan W. Clark, the sum of fifty thousand dollars for 
 her sole use ; the same to be paid over to her by my executors 
 hereinafter named, as soon as the same can conveniently be 
 done, in the course of the settlement of my estate, and within 
 
58 
 
 one year from the date of the probate of this Instrument, to- 
 gether with interest thereon from the date of such probate. 
 
 ITEM FOURTH. I also give, devise and bequeath unto 
 my said wife, Susan W. Clark, the absolute control, use, im- 
 provement and income of my homestead estate, situated on Elm 
 Street, in the City of Worcester aforesaid, with all of the privi- 
 leges, appurtenances and easements of every kind, in any way 
 thereto appertaining or belonging ; also, of all my household 
 furniture, plate, linen, china, house adornments, including my 
 library, paintings, pictures and all other works of Art, whatso- 
 ever the same may be, and all other movable chattels of a kin- 
 dred character, which may be in, around or about my said 
 Homestead estate, and used and enjoyed in connection there- 
 with, and of which I may be possessed at the time of my de- 
 cease : — To have and to hold the same to her, the said Susan 
 W. Clark, and the entire control, use, benefit and income 
 thereof, free from all taxes, insurance and repairs of every kind, 
 (which I will and direct to be paid by my executors, or those 
 having the settlement of my affairs, out of my estate) for and 
 during her natural life. 
 
 ITEM FIFTH. I give and bequeath unto my executors 
 hereinafter named, the sum of four hundred thousand dollars, to 
 have and to hold the same unto them and their executors, ad- 
 ministrators and assigns. In trust, however, in the manner, 
 upon the terms and conditions, and for the uses and purposes 
 following, and none other whatsoever, to wit : — 
 
 1. The same to hold, manage, invest and reinvest from 
 time to time, in real estate, bonds, mortgages, and such other 
 secureties as shall yield the largest amount of income con- 
 sistent with entire and absolute safety to the principal. 
 
 2. The income thereof, to pay over to my said wife, 
 Susan W. Clark, at such times as shall be most agreeable 
 to her, or shall best suit her convenience, and as she may call 
 for the same, for and during her life, and also the sum of fifteen 
 
59 
 
 hundred dollars per month of the principal thereof during her 
 life, if she may call for the same, 
 
 3. I make the above provision for my wife so that she 
 may be able to contribute to Clark University, or to assist any 
 of the Departments thereof she may wish to encourage or 
 support. Our contributions for those purposes have heretofore 
 been mutual, and I can only advise her to do what she can for 
 them in the future in case that University receives substantial 
 encouragement from the People or otherwise as I have herein- 
 after indicated and provided. Otherwise. I wish her to feel 
 perfectly free to make such use of this fund and the interest 
 provided for her in this Item of my will as she may deem best, 
 as I wish that no restrictions be placed upon her as to the 
 manner in which she may desire to use this money. ^ 
 
 4. If the income of said fund shall be more in amount 
 than my said wife, Susan W, Clark shall require or shall 
 call for, or if at the end of any year a balance thereof shall 
 require or shall call for, or if at the end of any year a balance 
 thereof shall remain in the hands of said executors which she 
 does not desire to draw and use, then I will and direct them to 
 add the same to the principal sum to become a part thereof. 
 
 5. At the decease of my said wife, Susan W. Clark, 
 I will and direct said executors to carry whatever may remain 
 in their hands of said fund unexpended, whether principal or 
 interest to the residuary portion of my estate and as such to be 
 disposed of in the manner hereinafter provided. 
 
 ITEM SIXTH. . It has been my first and chief aim and 
 object as it has been my highest pleasure, to make full ample 
 and generous provision for the support and maintenance of my 
 said wife, Susan W. Clark, and to contribute in every way 
 to her highest comfort, and to promote, as far as may be in 
 my power, her permanent wellbeing during her life. And it 
 has been particularly my purpose and desire to do it in such 
 a manner, that she may be relieved from all care and anxiety, 
 annoyance and responsibility in the matter, and without impos- 
 
60 
 
 iog Upon her, at any time, any labor, trouble, or thought in 
 the management and care of property, or giving her any solici- 
 tude whatever. To effect this purpose, and to insure the 
 accomplishment of the wish I have in mind, I have deemed 
 the sum named in the preceeding Item to be far larger than 
 would be sufl&cieut to that end. And still further as the object 
 to which I have devoted and still intend to devote the larger 
 bulk of my propert}'^ by the provisions hereinafter contained 
 meets with her hearty approval and concurrent support, so 
 that the gifts in that regard are, in soms sense our joint acts, 
 I have the fullest confidence that she will agree with me that it 
 would be unwise to increase this fund for her benefit or disposal 
 and thus to some extent perhaps postpone or delay the execu- 
 tion of the main purpose we have in view. And in this con- 
 nection it seems proper for me to say, that I desire my said 
 executors, in setting apart the portion of my estate which is to 
 constitute the fund named in the Fifth Item, for the benefit 
 andfdisposal of my said wife, to select at their market value, 
 the best and most reliable securities which I may have on hand 
 at the time of my decease, rather than to invest said fund in 
 new secu reti es. 
 
 ITKM SEVENTH. If from any reverses or misfortunes 
 or from any cause or accident whatever, my estate shall prove 
 insufficient to pay all of the legacies, bequests and devises 
 herein contained for the purposes named, then I will and 
 direct that all of the sums named in the preceding Items to be 
 paid, and all of the provisions therein contained for the benefit 
 and disposal of my said wife, Susan W. Ci<ark, shall be fully 
 performed and carried out to the absolute exclusion of all of 
 the other legacies, bequests and devises herein contained. 
 
 ITEM EIGHTH. The foregoing provisions for the 
 benefit of my said wife, Susan W. Clark, are intended to be 
 in lieu of all dower or right of dower and homestead exemption 
 in any of the real estate of which I may die seized or possessed, 
 and of all claim to any distributive share in the personal estate 
 of which I may be possessed at the time of my decease. But 
 
61 
 
 if she shall elect to waive the said provisions of this my will 
 made in her behalf, and to take portion of my property and 
 estate to which she would be entitled in that event, under the 
 Statutes of this Commonwealth of Massachusetts, thus render- 
 ing said provisions inoperative, an event which I do not by 
 any means expect to anticipate, then in addition to the portion 
 of my estate she would receive, I will and direct her to have 
 the various articles given and bequeathed to her in and by the 
 Second Item of this my will, as fully and absolutely as she 
 would have received the same if she had made no such waiver 
 or election ; and I will and direct that such waiver and election . 
 if made, shall in no sense have any effect upon said second 
 Item, but that my executors deliver to her without delay or 
 question the various articles therein set forth or referred to. 
 
 « 
 ITEM NINTH. Unto my brother Appleton Clark, 
 of Cambridge, in the County of Middlesex and Commonwealth 
 aforesaid I give and bequeath the sum of twenty thousand 
 dollars for his own use, 
 
 ITEM TENTH. I direct my exeutors hereinafter named 
 to pay to my eldest sister, Caroline E. Waite, of Hub- 
 bardston in said County of Worcester, the widow of the late 
 Alson Waite, out of the income of any moneys in their 
 hands not specifically appropriated otherwise b)' the provisions 
 of this Instrument, or in default of such income, then out of 
 any moneys in their hands and not hereinbefore specifically 
 appropriated, the sum of six hundred dollars per annum, in 
 quarter yearly payments, during her life. And in this con- 
 nection it seems proper for me to say that I have made this 
 yearly payment no larger for the reason that in the division of 
 our Father's estate I waived my claim to my share therein, in 
 my said sister's favor, and she received the same. 
 
 ITEM ElyEVENTH. I give and bequeath unto my 
 sister Abbie AllEN of Agawam, in the County of Hampden 
 in the Commonwealth aforesaid, the wife of Elijah D. Allen, 
 the sum of Ten thousand dollars for her sole use. 
 
62 
 
 ITEM TWELFTH. I give and bequeath unto my 
 brother Leonard Ci<ark, of Springfield, in said County of 
 Hampden, the sum of Twenty thousand dollars for his own 
 sole use and benefit forever. 
 
 ITEM THIRTEENTH. I give and bequeath unto my 
 brother Sumner Clark of Agawam aforesaid, the sum of 
 sixteen thousand dollars, for his sole use and benefit. 
 
 ITEM FOURTEENTH. I give and bequeath unto my 
 nephew Charles H. Clark, the son of my said Brother 
 Leonard Clark, and now in the service of the government, 
 the sum of five thousand dollars, of which I ask his acceptance 
 as a mark of my warm approval of the course persued by him 
 in his life, to the presnt time. 
 
 ITEM FIFTEENTH. Unto my niece Adelphia Clark, 
 of Hubbardston, in said County of Worcester, the daughter of 
 my deceased brother Simpson Clark, I give and bequeath the 
 sum of two hundred dollars for her own use and benefit. 
 
 ITEM SIXTEENTH. Unto my nephew George Clark, 
 of Worcester, aforesaid, the son of my deceased brother Simpson 
 Clark, I give and bequeath the sum of four hundred dollars 
 for his own use. 
 
 ITEM SEVENTEENTH. Unto my nephew Simpson 
 Clark, of Springfield, aforesaid, the son of my deceased 
 Brother Simpson Clark, I give and bequeath the sum of four 
 hundred dollars, for his own use. 
 
 ITEM EIGHTEENTH. Unto William L. Clark, 
 my nephew, and the son of my brother William S. Clark, late 
 of Hubbardston, aforesaid, deceased, I give and bequeath the 
 sum of four hundred and fifty dollars, for his sole use and benefit. 
 
 ITEM NINETEENTH. I give and bequeath unto each 
 of the two children of Albert Clark, the son of my brother. 
 
63 
 
 WiLi^iAM S. Clark, which son married Miss McFarling, the 
 sum of two hundred dollars. 
 
 ITEM TWENTIETH. I give and bequeath unto 
 Charles Davis, the son of Elizabeth Clark, the daughter 
 of my said Brother, William S. Clark, the sum of two hun- 
 dred dollars. 
 
 ITEM TWENTY-FIRST. I give and bequeath unto 
 Anthony F. Clark, the sum of one thousand dollars in case 
 he is in my employ at the time of my death. 
 
 ITEM TWENTY-SECOND. I give and bequeath unto 
 the Washburn Memorial Hospital, in the said city of Worcesterij^ 
 and of which I am one of the Trustees, the sum of one thousand 
 dollars. 
 
 ITEM TWENTY-THIRD. I give and bequeath unto 
 the Old Men's Home in the said city of Worcester, and of 
 which I am one of the Trustees, the sum of five hundred dollars. 
 
 ITEM TWENTY-FOURTH. I give and bequeath unto 
 the Orphans Home on Main street near Oriad street, in the 
 said city of Worcester, the sum of five hundred dollars. 
 
 ITEM TWENTY-FIFTH. I give and bequeath unto 
 the Hubbardston Town I,ibrary, the sum of five hundred dol- 
 lars, to be added to its endowment fund and subject to the 
 same conditions as that fund is subject to ; the interest thereof 
 to be added to the principal until the required amount provided 
 in and by those conditions is reached. 
 
 ITEM TWENTY-SIXTH. I give and bequeath unto 
 the New England Historic and Genealogical Society, of No. 12 
 Somerset street, Boston, Massachusetts, the sum of one thousand 
 dollars. 
 
64 
 
 ITEM TWENTY-SEVENTH. I will and direct that all 
 of the legacies contained in Items Ninth to Twenty-first herein, 
 both inclusive, shall be paid by my executors as soon as the 
 same can conveniently be done in the course of the settle- 
 ment of my estate, and within one year from the date of the pro- 
 bate of this m}^ will. And if my estate shall prove insufficient to 
 pay them in full, after providing for the payment of the legacies 
 mentioned in the first eight Items of this my will, then I will 
 and direct them to be paid, so far as the means in my exec utor's 
 hands will allow them to be paid, after providing for said eight 
 prior items, pro rata. And if I shall hold any claims of any 
 kind at the the time of my decease, against any of the legatees 
 named in said Items Ninth to the Twenty-first inclusive what- 
 ever may be the date of such claims, I will and direct that the 
 amount thereof with interest, shaU be deducted from his or her 
 legacy. And if after the payment of the said legacies mentioned 
 in the said Items Ninth to the Twenty-first inclusive, my 
 estate shall prove insufficient to pay the legacies mentioned in 
 the Items Twenty-second to the Twenty-sixth, both inclusive 
 of this my will, then I will and direct them to be paid, after 
 providing for and paying all former Items, pro rata. 
 
 ITEM TWENTY-EIGHT. I have made in this will no 
 provision for, nor left an}' legacies to, any of the relatives or 
 friends of my said wife, Susan W. Clabk, for the reason 
 that the means which I have already placed at her disposal 
 and those which are now standing in her own name, together 
 with the provisions which I have made for her in this my will, 
 are quite ample, to enable her if it be her good pleasure so to 
 do, to provide for them quite as liberally as I have done for my 
 own family and kindred by the provisions hereinbefore made 
 for them. 
 
 ITEM TWENTY-NINTH. I direct my executors here- 
 inafter named, within a reasonable and proper time after my 
 decease, to procure and erect a Monument to mark the final 
 resting place of the remains of myself, and of my said wife, 
 Susan W. Clark. Such Monument I desire to be plain and 
 substantial in its character, to be constructed of suitable and 
 
 I 
 
65 
 
 enduring materials, of such style, form and design as my said 
 executors after consulting with those who are familiar with 
 monumental design and architecture, professionally or other- 
 wise, if they shall desire to avail themselves, of the benefit and 
 aid of such consultation, shall determine to be in accordance 
 with the principles and rules of good taste, and in harmony with 
 a general sense of fitness and propriety, taking into considera- 
 tion its location and general surroundings. 
 
 And for the purpose of carrying into effect the provisions 
 of this item, my said executors are hereby authorized to ex- 
 pend out of my estate a sum not exceeding thirty thousand 
 dollars. 
 
 ITEM THIRTIETH. I have for many years been im^ 
 pressed with the belief that the higher educational agencies 
 of our Commonwealth have not kept pace with her material 
 growth nor multiplied in proportion to the increase of her 
 population. I refer to those institutions of learning which 
 furnish the facilities for acquiring at a moderate expense a 
 general and liberal education similar in extent and thorough- 
 ness to that obtained at what we are accustomed to term our 
 leading Colleges and Universities. In our own immediate 
 locality, in this central portion of our Commonwealth we are 
 supplied with Schools and Seminaries of various grades and 
 ranks in our scheme of education, which all do excellent pre- 
 paratory work, and the needed work for fitting our youth for 
 such an Institution as I have in mind ; to wit, an Institution 
 which can take the graduates of these various schools and 
 seminaries and carry them forward to as high, or even in some 
 respects to a higher plane of instruction, learning and educa- 
 tion than can now be furnished by any Institution in our 
 Country. 
 
 There seems to be now, therefore, a pressing demand for 
 an Institution of this higher rank, which can secure the good 
 results I have intimated, and do its work faithfully and effect- 
 ively, and at the same time at such a reasonable cost as to 
 give onr people those advantages which they are now to a 
 great degree deprived of by reason of the large and ever 
 
66 
 
 increasing expenses attendant upon the residence at our leading 
 Colleges and Universities. 
 
 And when we also consider and realize the fact, as we 
 should, that the sons of New England represent the higher 
 commercial interests in almost every part of the world, and 
 that her Institutions exert a powerful influence in shaping the 
 future of so many communities and settlements that are con- 
 stantly springing up at different points in the newer portions 
 of our Country, not only as to their business enterprises and 
 institutions, but in all their means for intellectual and social 
 development and improvement, — and when we reflect that 
 improvement of this kind is essential to all that makes life 
 valuable, and adds strength and solidity to our Common 
 Country our great Commonwealth, the duty of wealth to 
 sustain this higher education seems to me imperative. I 
 determined, therefore, to devote a large part of mj'^ estate 
 to the establishment of such an Institution in the City of 
 Worcester which should combine in effective co-operation 
 Departments ; 
 
 1. For original research in the acquisition of knowledge, 
 with 
 
 2. General and liberal instruction to students and attend- 
 ants, and 
 
 3. Also a Library, which might to some extent under 
 proper restrictions be open for general use. 
 
 The measures which I took towards the accomplishment 
 of this design have met with general approval and have 
 resulted in partial success. 
 
 The legislature of onr Commonwealth in the year 1887 
 granted a Charter fully incorporating the Institution under the 
 name of Clark University, which Charter was duly accepted, 
 and the organization of the Corporation was fully completed. 
 Since that time it has been in practical operation and has 
 begun, and to a very considerable extent has realized, the 
 courses of instruction and education contemplated, especially 
 in the Department of original research. 
 
67 
 
 In my petition to the I^egislature for the Charter of that 
 University I proposed to devote one million dollars, and 
 probably more, to its foundation and support, should the 
 Community exhibit to said University evidence of its sym- 
 pathy and encouragement by substantial support, 
 
 When the University was organized and its "Charter was 
 accepted I made an addition to the original million in land, 
 and also of a lyibrary and other property. Since then my wife 
 and I have given to the said University about one hundred 
 thousand dollars in money. In my original proposition I 
 offered to give more upon certain conditions which have not 
 been complied with, and which, therefore, I cannot now regard. 
 But I now owe one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars, 
 which remains unpaid on my obligation of seven hundred 
 thousand dollars given and included to make up the one million 
 dollars originally pledged as hereinbefore stated. I have also 
 pledged the sum of fifteen hundred dollars per month to be 
 paid for the support of said University up to the first day of 
 September 1893, the last payment of which is to be made on 
 that day. These sums, to wit : — the balance of one hundred 
 and twenty-five thousand dollars on my said original obligation, 
 and said fifteen hundred dollars per month, I give and hereby 
 direct my executors to pay to or for said University as above 
 stated, thus confirming and fulfilling all of the devises, gifts, 
 bequests, pledges and obligations which I have made or agreed 
 to make or have assumed in regard to said University in the 
 past. 
 
 And now, in order to make the foregoing and the follow- 
 ing provisions of this my will in regard to said University fully 
 understood, I here state that I have no confidence in the future 
 success of that University under the management of its present 
 President, G. Stanley Hall, and I do not wish nor intend to 
 contribute any more money or property to it, or to its support, 
 until there is a change in that respect ; nor until the needful 
 support by the People or other parties who may become inter- 
 ested is practically indicated : — I therefore, will and provide 
 contingently as follows : — 
 
68 
 
 ITEM THIRTY-FIRST. In case G. Stanley Hall, the 
 present President of Clark University, shall resign and cease 
 to have any connection with or relation to that University 
 within one year after the probate of this my will, and in case 
 the People, or others interested in the purposes for which it 
 was founded, shall within two years thereafter raise and con- 
 tribute to said university the sum of two hundred and fifty 
 thousand dollars, then and in that case, I hereby give, devise 
 and bequeath to the said University the sum of five hundred 
 thousand dollars ; and if the sum of five hundred thousand 
 dollars is thus raised and contributed by the People, or by 
 parties interested as aforesid, then and in that case, I hereby 
 give, devise and bequeath to said University the sum of one 
 million dollars ; said sum or sums to be placed in the endow- 
 ment fund of said University ; the principal thereof to be safely 
 invested and kept good, and the income only to be used for 
 the current expenses of the University. 
 
 And further I provide and condition that if the sum of 
 two hundred and fifty thousand dollars is raised, and then 
 some additional sums are raised within two years and are 
 added thereto by the People or others interested as above 
 stated then and in that case I give devise and bequeath to said 
 University such sum as will be the double of the total of the 
 sums thus raised and contributed, until such sums shall reach 
 the total sum of five hundred thousand dollars, so that the 
 total sum in that case contributed by me shall equal the sum 
 of one million dollars. 
 
 And, further, in order to give time to determine whether 
 the said University can be made worthy of and actually receive 
 the support by the People, or those interested as I have above 
 provided, I will and direct, that in case, in the judgment of 
 my executors, a bona fide effort is made to raise the two 
 hundred and fifty thousand dollars for said University as above 
 is proposed, and the said President Hall shall have wholly 
 ceased to be in any way connected with said University, or 
 shall have finally arranged to wholly sever his connection 
 therewith within the said year after the probate of my will, 
 then and in that case I give devise and bequeath and direct my 
 
69 
 
 executors to pay over to the said University for the support of 
 the same, during the term of two years from said probate, the 
 sum of one thousand dollars per month. 
 
 ITEM THIRTY-SECOND. I make the above con- 
 ditional provisions, because I cherish the hope and have little 
 doubt but that said Clark University can be established and 
 conducted so as to be useful to the educational institutions and 
 interests of the City and State in which it is situated and to 
 the Country at large as I have hereinbefore indicated. 
 
 I accordingly wish the said University to be re-organized 
 by its trustees in a way that will enable it to meet the wants 
 of the People as an educational institution, in addittion to its 
 other Departments as hereinbefore described, and so that tile 
 People will feel it to be worthy to also receive their co-opera- 
 tion and support ; and to that end I would wish the tuition 
 to be fixed at a moderate rate so that many may be able to 
 avail themselves of an education that they could not otherwise 
 obtain. 
 
 In case, therefore, the provisions hereinbefore provided 
 are accepted and acted upon, so that the sums I have above 
 provided conditionally are actually to be paid over to said 
 University, then I further will direct and condition that the 
 sums so paid over to the full extent thereof shall be added 
 to and be held and invested by its Trustees as a part of the 
 permanent fund of said University, which for the sake of 
 convenience I designate as The University Endowment Fund. 
 The income of this Fund shall be devoted to the general uses 
 and purposes of the University in its conduct and management, 
 and shall be confined to its active and legitimate work, month 
 by month, and year by year, and to furnishing the necessary 
 and proper means for enabling its students in the different de- 
 partments of the institution to realize the full benefit of their 
 regular course. But it is not intended, however, that such in- 
 come shall furnish means for the support of Emeritus Professor- 
 ships the payment of pensions to retiring Professors, or other 
 payments of a similar character. I recognize that provisions 
 of this kind are highly creditable, and not to say necessary. 
 
70 
 
 and I favor and recommend the adoption of some plan looking 
 to the establishment of some fund for that purpose from further 
 endowments or contributions. 
 
 But my will and the condition of the said endowment 
 Fund is, that the proceeds of said Fund shall be used to sus- 
 tain in effective working condition the three Departments 
 which I have above described, in equally effective working or- 
 der and operation as near as may be, to wit : the Department 
 for original research and experiment ; the Department for gen- 
 eral and popular education ; and a lyibrary to be as easy of 
 access as can be arranged, and to have a circulating division if 
 possible. As a foundation for this lyibrary I have contributed 
 as above stated and have placed in it books and works of rarity 
 and value which I wish to be carefully preserved. 
 
 ITEM THIRTY-THIRD. The endowment fund named in 
 the preceding item, to wit : the University Endowment Fund, 
 is never to be diminished, and no part of the income thereof is 
 ever to be applied to any other than the objects to which said 
 income is devoted by the provisions and conditions contained 
 in the several Items of this Will creating the same. If by any 
 accident or loss, the principal of said fund shall at any time be- 
 come impaired, then the income of such fund so impaired, shall 
 be added to the principal until such impairment is made good 
 and the Fund is restored to its original amount. 
 
 And I do further will, direct and provide in regard to the 
 said Endowment Fund of said University, and for the purpose 
 of preserving the same intact, that in case any person or persons 
 in any way controlling or connected with said University, or 
 its property, officially or individually, shall use or attempt to 
 use, or keep, or invest, or apply said property, or any part 
 thereof otherwise than in my will is provided, or so as to en- 
 danger the same in any way, then in that case I request, will, 
 direct and empower any one of my executors, or any one of 
 the Trustees of said University, or the Mayor of the city of 
 Worcester then in office, in their discretion together, or in- 
 dividually, to apply to the proper Court for the removal or re- 
 straint of such person or persons, and for the proper protection 
 
71 
 
 and security of said endowment fund and property, to the end 
 that the same and the whole thereof may be sacredly preserved, 
 and the income thereof may be securely devoted to the purposes 
 of said University as provided in this my will. 
 
 And to that end I further will, provide and direct that the said 
 Trustees shall make and keep an accurate and full record of the 
 investments of said Fund and property, and a full and accurate 
 account of all the business and affairs of said Clark University ; 
 which records and accounts shall be at all times open to ihe in- 
 spection of said executors and the said Mayor, and at the 
 close of each year said Trustees shall make a statement of the 
 same to the said Mayor showing the actual property invest- 
 ments, income, disbursements, and the condition and usefulness 
 of said University. And I hereby direct and empower any one 
 of my said executors or all of them, or any one of said trusted, 
 or the said Mayor to apply to said Court to compel such state- 
 ment to be made, if in their judgment, the foregoing provisions 
 in regard to it, are not fully and properly complied with. 
 
 And I also declare in this connection, that it is my earnest 
 desire, will and direction, that the said University, in its prac- 
 tical management, as well as in theory, may be wholly free 
 from every kind of denominational or sectarian control, bias or 
 limitation, and that its doors may be ever open to all classes 
 and persons whatsoever may be their religious faith or political 
 sympathies, or to whatever creed, sect, or party they may be- 
 long, and I especially charge upon my executors and said 
 trustees, and the said Mayor to secure the enforcement of this 
 clause of my will by applications to the Court as above pro- 
 vided, or otherwise by every means in their power. 
 
 ITEM THIRTY-FOURTH. And in case the said sum 
 of five hundred thousand dollars shall be raised for and be con- 
 tributed to said University, as is above provided in this my will, 
 so that the sum of one million dollars shall be given, devised 
 and bequeathed to, and be received by said University, from my 
 estate as hereinbefore is provided, then and in that case, but 
 not otherwise, I also give, devise and bequeath all of the rest 
 residue and remainder of my estate, real and personal, or mixed, 
 
72 
 
 of which I may die seized or possessed, or to which I may in 
 any way be entitled at the time of my decease, whatsoever the 
 same may be wherever it may be or be situated, or however it 
 may be known, designated or described, including all rever- 
 sions and remainders, unto the said Clark University ; the 
 same to be added to, and to become a part of the said Uuiversity 
 Endowment fund hereinbefore described, and as such to be 
 kept invested and used as hereinbefore is provided in regard to 
 said Fund ; And thus to have and to hold the same to the said 
 Clark University in the manner, and for the purposes aforesaid 
 and to its successors and assigns, to its and to their use and be- 
 hoof forever. 
 
 If within three years of the probate of my said will the sum 
 of five hundred thousand dollars shall not be raised for and be 
 contributed to said University, as is above provided and con- 
 ditioned in this my will, then and in that case, I give, devise 
 and bequeath all the rest, residue and remainder of my estate 
 and property as above described, and which is not in this my 
 will otherwise disposed of, to my heirs and next of kin, to be 
 held, taken and divided by and among them according to law, 
 in all respects as though I had died intestate as to such re- 
 siduary property. 
 
 And for and during the said three years after the said pro- 
 bate of my will, during which time it will be determined 
 whether the conditional provisions hereinbefore provided for 
 the benefit of Clark University, will be accepted and realized 
 or not, I do hereby give devise and be queth all of the estate, 
 property or moneys covered by or referred to in said pro- 
 visions to my said executors, for them to have and to hold the 
 same in trust nevertheless, and to safely keep preserve and in- 
 vest, the same similarly, as I have provided in regard to the 
 fund for my wife, in the Fifth Item of this my will, and upon 
 the expiration of said three years, or during the same to pay 
 over and to dispose of the said property, money and estate so 
 held by them as aforesaid, to the said Clark University if the 
 said conditional provisions have been accepted and realized 
 during or at the expiration of said three years ; but if the said 
 conditional provisions shall not have been accepted and realized 
 
73 
 
 at the expiration of said three years, then to pay over and dis- 
 pose of said trust property and estate as a part of my residuary 
 estate to wit, to my heirs and next of kin as hereinbefore is 
 provided. 
 
 ITEM THIRTY-FIFTH. For the purpose of facilitating 
 as much as possible the settlement of my business affairs, and 
 relieving those having the care and management of my estate 
 of as much labor, care, trouble and inconvenience as may be, 
 I hereby authorize and empower my said executors or the sur- 
 vivor of them, or whichever of them may be in the execution 
 of the trust, if only one of them shall accept and qualify to sell, 
 and to pass deeds to convey, any or all of the real estate of 
 which I may die seized ( and not therein otherwise disposed of ^ 
 or to which I may in any waj'' be entitled at the time of my 
 decease, or any interest which I may have in such estate 
 including all reversions or remainders, whatsoever or whereso- 
 ever the same may be, or however known, bounded measured 
 or described, at such times, in such way or manner, upon such 
 terms or conditions, and for such prices, as they in the exercise 
 of a sound discretion may deem wise and expedient, and most 
 for the interest of those entitled to my estate under the several 
 provisions herein contained. And the same power and authori- 
 ty is also hereby conferred upon any administrator with the 
 will annexed, or any person who may be lawfully entrusted 
 with the execution of this my will. It being always expressly 
 understood, however, that no purchaser, at any sale made un- 
 der the authority contained in this Item, shall in any event be 
 made answerable for the application of the purchase money. 
 
 And I further authorize and empower my said executors, 
 or any person to whom may be committed the execution of 
 this Instrument, to settle, compromise or refer to arbitration, 
 any claim which may be due to or from my estate, and about 
 which there may be any dispute or controversy, in such man- 
 ner, and upon such terms, as may seem to them wise, proper, 
 just, or equitable, and without first obtaining the leave or per- 
 mission of any Court or Tribunal whatever. 
 
 And further it is my will, direction and intent that if any 
 
74 
 
 one of the Items or clauses of this my will, shall be or become 
 invalidated or inoperative from any cause such fact shall not 
 in any way affect the validity of this mj'^ will, nor of any other 
 portions thereof not strictly dependent upon the provisions 
 which may be or become invalidated or inoperative. 
 
 ITEM THIRTY-SIXTH. I do hereby nominate and ap- 
 point my beloved wife, Susan W. Ci^ark, to be the executrix, 
 and my brother Appleton Clark, of Cambridge, and my 
 brother I^eonard Clark of Springfield, and my friend James 
 P. Hamilton of Worcester, all of Massachusetts, to be the 
 executors of this my last will and testament. 
 
 If from any cause my said executrix, and all of the above 
 named executors should not be able to act, then I hereby con- 
 stitute and appoint as my sole executor my said nephew, 
 Charles H. Clark, son of IvEonard Clark, now a captain 
 in the Ordinance Department of the United States Government. 
 
 I will also suggest that my said friend Hamilton, the 
 Cashier of the Worcester National Bank, is so well acquainted 
 with the secureties of the estate that his judgment will be 
 particularly valuable in that regard, as well as in relation to 
 the general management of the estate. 
 
 He can advise with Messrs. I^aidlow & Co. (now of No. 14 
 Wall street. New York City) as to the collections to be made, 
 and the disposition of the property in their care. 
 
 ITEM THIRTY-SEVENTH. It is my express desire 
 that my said executors named in the last preceeding Item, and 
 each of them, be excused from giving a bond or bonds or fur- 
 nishing sureties for the faithful execution of any of the trusts 
 herein and hereby committed to their hands in whatever 
 capacity they may be called upon to act. 
 
 And I further will and direct that each of my said execu- 
 tors who may qualify and act as such, shall receive the sum of 
 five thousand dollars, as full compensation for the first year of 
 their personal services to be rendered by them in the settlement 
 of my estate and the management of my property under the 
 provisions of this instrument, in whatever capacity they may 
 
75 
 
 be called upon to serve, and I request that such compensation 
 be allowed to them in their final accounting. For all services 
 that it may be necessary for my acting executors to render after 
 the first year in carrying the trusts created therein or otherwise, 
 I wish a reasonable compensation to be allowed to them ; but I 
 desire and expect that the bulk of the affairs of my estate may 
 be settled, or chiefly disposed of during the said first year after 
 the probate of my said will : 
 
 Provided always, however, in regard to said compensation, 
 that in addition thereto, my said executors may be allowed 
 for all reasonable and proper disbursements of money made by 
 them for travelling expenses, professional services, and such 
 other incidental expenses as they may necessarily incur in the 
 discharge of the duties hereby laid upon them, and these duties 
 I have ventured to impose in the hope and belief that th^ 
 sympathise with and will have at heart the purposes I have de- 
 signed to secure by this my will. 
 
 In witness whereof I the said Jonas G. Clark, hereunto 
 set my hand and ajQ5x my seal and publish and declare this in- 
 strument to be my last will and testament, in the presence of 
 the witnesses named below, the twenty-fourth day of February 
 in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and ninety- 
 three. 
 
 JONAS G. CIvARK. (seal) 
 
 T. B. WAKEMAN. 
 
 WALTER G. HENNESSY. 
 
 ELBERT LUDLAM WAKEMAN. 
 
 Signed, sealed, published and declared by the said Jonas 
 G. Clark, the testator above named, as and for his last will and 
 testament in the presence of us, who, in his presence, and in 
 the presence of each other, and at his request have subscribed 
 our names as witnesses thereto. 
 
 JONAS G. CLARK, (seal) 
 
 T. B. WAKEMAN, 
 
 No. 351 West 19th St., N. Y. City. 
 
 WALTER G. HENNESSY, 
 
 No. 1323 Madison Avenue, N. Y. City. 
 
 ELBERT LUDLAM WAKEMAN, 
 
 Oyster Bay, Long Island, N. Y. 
 
76 
 
 CODICIL No. I. 
 
 Know all men by these presents, that I Jonas G. Ci.ark, 
 of the City of Worcester, in the County of Worcester and 
 Commonwealth of Massachusetts, having heretofore made my 
 last will and testament bearing date the twenty-fourth day of 
 February, one thousand eight hundred and ninety-three, do 
 now make this Codicil to be, and to be taken as a part of my said 
 Will in all respects as though the same had been written there- 
 in, to wit : — 
 
 FIRST ITEM. Whereas I have heretofore given to The 
 Clark University named in my said Will the sum of one hun- 
 dred thousand dollars the income whereof was designed to be 
 applied to the foundation and support of the Library of said 
 University, and which sum is referred to in the Thirtieth Item 
 of my said will. Now as I have paid up the sum of one hun- 
 dred and twenty-five thousand dollars, referred to in said 
 Item, and also the several sums of fifteen hundred dollars re- 
 ferred to therein I am still desirous of increasing the means and 
 utility of said Library as designed and described in my said 
 will, and I do, therefore, hereby give, devise and bequeath to 
 said University the further sum of one hundred thousand dol- 
 lars, to be by its Ofl&cers and trustees securelykept and invested 
 as is provided and directed in regard to the other endowments 
 in my said will, and all of the income or proceeds thereof shall 
 be by said Trustees and Officers faithfully used and applied 
 to the support and maintenance of said Library and the 
 increase of its efficiency and usefulness as in my said Will is 
 provided and designed. 
 
 But I make this gift, bequest and provision only upon this 
 condition, to wit: That the first sum of one hundred thousand 
 dollars which I have given for said Library, as above stated 
 shall be by said trustees kept safely invested, and if encroached 
 upon shall be restored as is directed in regard to other endow- 
 ment funds in my said will, and that the proceeds and income 
 thereof shall be also faithfully applied to the support of said 
 Library according to the intent of my said Will and the con- 
 
77 
 
 ditions upon which the said University was organized and its 
 Charter accepted ; That is to say, that the interest income 
 and proceeds only of said fund shall be applied to the support 
 of said lyibrary and that the principal shall remain securely 
 invested and intact. 
 
 For my will is, that this second One hundred thousand 
 dollars shall not be given until my executors know that said 
 first sum of that amount is securely kept, invested and applied 
 as above described. And when this second gift and bequest 
 is made my will is that both of said sums shall continue to be 
 kept securely invested and the income be faithfully applied as 
 I have above and in my said will stated and provided. 
 
 And in future if any part of the said first or second sum of 
 one hundred thousand dollars, given and bequeathed as endov^- 
 ment funds for the support of said Library as aforesaid shall be 
 in any way expended, lessened or encroached upon, then and 
 in that case, I authorize, request and direct my executors or 
 heirs to claim, recover and collect from said University or its 
 Trustees the said sum of one hundred thousand dollars hereby 
 bequeathed as above stated ; and in such case I will and direct 
 that they have and receive back the same as a part of my estate. 
 For my will and purpose is that the total principal of Two 
 hundred thousand dollars as a Library Endowment Fund, shall 
 be kept in all cases and events whole and intact and without 
 any encroachment, and by its income afford a constant and 
 permanent support of said Library. 
 
 And to further and secure my purpose last stated I will 
 and direct that this Item of this my codicil in regard to said 
 Library and its special endowment and support, shall be read, 
 construed and executed as though the same had been inserted 
 and found in my said will just before the Thirtieth Item there- 
 of ; intending thereby to secure as my will and intention is, 
 that it and its provisions shall take precedence of any and all of 
 the gifts, bequests and provisions in regard to said University 
 contained in the said Thirtieth and the subsequent Items of 
 my said Will in case that from want of means or otherwise, 
 those portions of my will should fail of execution. 
 
 At the beginning of this Item I stated that I have paid the 
 
78 
 
 sums mentioned in my will as completing the million dollars I 
 had devoted to this University. I now state that neither have 
 I nor has any one authorized by me, made or assumud any 
 further or other obligations in regard to said University, 
 whether as to fellowships or Scholarships, or otherwise. In 
 March 1894 I sent to the Trustees a correct statement of my 
 financial contributions and relations to said University which 
 if need be I wish to be referred to and which was and is the 
 limit of my obligations. 
 
 SECOND ITEM. I also make the following changes and 
 additions touching the special gifts and bequests contained in 
 my said will to wit : — 
 
 1. Whereas Anthony F. Clark named in the twenty- 
 first Item of my said will is now deceased the bequest of one 
 thousand dollars to him therein is hereby revoked and cancelled. 
 
 2. I give and bequeath unto The American Unitarian 
 Association having its oflB.ce at No. 25 Beacon street, Boston, 
 the sum of two thousand dollars. 
 
 3. I give and bequeath unto the National Conference of 
 Unitarians, of which Edward Everktt Hai^k and George 
 F. Hoar are Officers, the sum of five hundred dollars. 
 
 4. I give and bequeath unto the Worcester County 
 Mechanics Association of Worcester, Massachusetts, the sum 
 of five hundred dollars. 
 
 5. I give and bequeath unto the Church of the Unity, 
 (Unitarian) in Worcester, Massachusetts, the sum of five hun- 
 dred dollars. 
 
 6. I give and bequeath unto the Worcester Fire Depart- 
 ment, Worcester, Massachusetts, the sum of five hundred dol- 
 lars. 
 
 7. I give and bequeath unto The Fire Patrol of Worcester, 
 
79 
 
 Worcester, Massachusetts, the sum of two hundred and fifty 
 dollars. 
 
 8. I give and bequeath unto the Castilian Club of Boston, 
 Massachusetts, of which Elizabeth A. Wai<ks is correspond- 
 ing Secretary, the sum of two hundred and fifty dollars. 
 
 9. I give and bequeath unto the Company or Association 
 known as the "Continentals" of Worcester, Worcester. 
 Massachusetts, the sum of two hundred and fifty dollars. 
 
 10. I give and bequeath unto Henry 1,. Keyes now in 
 my employ in case he shall remain in my employ at the time of 
 my death, the sum of two thousand dollars. 
 
 And my will and direction is that the foregoing gifts ana 
 bequests shall be read, construed and executed, as though the 
 same had been inserted and found in my said Will just before 
 the Twenty -seventh Item thereof, and that said Item shall ap- 
 ply to them as it does to the gifts and legacies in said Will in 
 said Item named and referred to. 
 
 And if it so happen that some of the Associations or par- 
 ties (not natural persons) to whom gifts and bequests are made 
 in in my said will or codicil are not incorporated so as to be 
 legally able to take the same, then my will and direction is 
 that such gifts and bequests be made and be paid to the Treas- 
 urer or other ofl&cer so acting of such Association or party for 
 the use of the Association or party named or referred to. 
 
 But if at the time of my death any of the said Associations 
 or parties have gone out of existence, then I will and direct 
 that no such payments shall be made to their late Treasurer or 
 other officer, but shall be retained as a part of my estate. 
 
 ITEM THREE. Lastly, I do hereby approve, ratify and 
 confirm my said will in every respect and particular, except in 
 so far as any part of it is revoked or is inconsistent with the 
 provisions of this Codicil or is modified or conditioned thereby. 
 
 In witness whereof I the said Jonas G. Clark, hereunto 
 set my hand and affix my seal and do publish and declare this 
 
80 
 
 Instrument to be a Codicil to my said last will and testament in 
 the presence of the winesses named below, this eighteenth day 
 of May in the year of our Ivord, one thousand eight hundred 
 and ninety-five. 
 
 JONAS G. CLARK, (seal) 
 In the presence of 
 
 T. B. WAKEMAN. 
 FREELING W. ARVINE. 
 EI.BERT I.UDI.AM WAKEMAN. 
 The foregoing instrument was upon the day of the date 
 thereof signed, sealed, published and declared by Jonas G. 
 Clark, the testator named and described therein, to be a codi- 
 cil to his I^ast Will and testament named therein, in the presence 
 of us, who in his presence and in the presence of each other, 
 and at his request have hereunto subscribed our names as wit- 
 nesses to the same. 
 
 T. B. WAKEMAN, 
 
 No. 142 East 35th St., N. Y. City. 
 FREEZING W. ARVINE, 
 
 St. George, Staten Island. 
 EI.BERT LUDLAM WAKEMAN, 
 
 Oyster Bay, Long Island. 
 JONAS G. CLARK, (seal) 
 
81 
 
 CODICII. No. 2. 
 
 Know all men hy these Presents that I, Jonas G. CIvARK 
 of the City of Worcester in the County of Worcester and Com- 
 monwealth of Massachusetts, having heretofore made my last 
 will and testament bearing date the twenty-fourth day of 
 February, one thousand eight hundred and ninety-three, and 
 also a Codicil annexed thereto bearing date the eighteenth day 
 of May one thousand eight hundred and ninety-five, do now 
 make and execute this instrument as a second codicil to my 
 said Will, to be, and to be taken as a part of my said will in all 
 respects as though the same had been written therein, to wit: — 
 
 FIRST ITEM. Whereas in the said Codicil to my will 
 executed on the eighteenth day of May 1895 I gave and be- 
 queathed to Clark University the sum of one hundred thousand 
 dollars, to be used for the support of the Ivibrary of said 
 University ; Now, I do hereby revoke, cancel and annul the 
 said gift and bequest, leaving my said will and codicil in all 
 respects as though the same had not been made. 
 
 SECOND ITEM. In making my first gift of one hun- 
 dred thousand dollars for the benefit of the Library of Clark 
 University, when the University w^as first organized I specified 
 that the income only was to be used for the support of the 
 Library. I did not for a moment think that the income of that 
 original endowment for the Library would be applied and used 
 in paying the Salary of the Librarian of the University or for the 
 warming and lighting of the rooms &c, which I find has been 
 done. I certainly expected that if money was furnished for 
 the purchase of books the University would take care of them 
 and charge the same to general expenses. 
 
 I have, therefore, revoked, cancelled and annulled the gift 
 and bequest referred to in the first Item of this Instrument. 
 But I desire, subject to the conditions stated in my said codicil 
 and hereafter in this Instrument to give and bequeath the sum 
 of one hundred thousand dollars for the increase of the Library 
 
82 
 
 of said University, and therefore, I do hereby renew and re- 
 store the gift and bequest made and expressed in my said Codicil 
 and thus I do hereby give and bequeath to the said Clark 
 University for the increase of its said I^ibrary the sum of one 
 hundred thousand dollars upon the terms and conditions stated 
 in said Codicil and upon the following further terms and con- 
 ditions and none other : to wit. 
 
 1. That the Trustees of said University in addition to the 
 said terms and conditions expressed in my said first Codicil do 
 also see to it that all of the income of the said original endow- 
 ment fund of one hundred thousand dollars for said lyibrary 
 which has been taken from the Clark University Fund shall 
 not be used for any purpose except for the purchase of books, 
 and as far as the same has been otherwise used shall be re- 
 placed and made good, so that it can be made available and be 
 used for the purchase of books. 
 
 2. And also that the said Trustees shall make good the 
 over-draft of $9,568.04 which has been taken from the princi- 
 pal of the lyibrary fund, the first year after the University was 
 opened, and which was provided for in the gift by me of $50, 
 000 under a mutual agreement with G. Stani^ey Hall, the 
 President of said University referred to and explained in a 
 Letter from me to him bearing date Worcester June i, 1895, a 
 copy of which I mark "Exhibit A", and also annex to this my 
 codicil as a matter of explaination and which letter was written 
 to him rather than to the said Trustees because he was at that 
 time in charge of the University Books. 
 
 3. And also that the whole Endowment Fund for said 
 Library increased by this gift of one hundred thousand dollars 
 to the total sum of Two hundred thousand dollars, shall be 
 held and kept by said University only as an Endowment Fund, 
 whereof the principal shall not be encroached upon for any 
 purpose, and the income thereof shall be used only in purchas- 
 ing books for said Library ; but both principal and income 
 shall be subject to the terms (and) and conditions and the 
 
83 
 
 protection specified in the first Item of my said Codicil of May 
 i8, 1895. 
 
 But now in case the terms conditions and protection aforesaid 
 are not strictly complied with kept and preserved as to said 
 total Endowment Fund of Two hundred thousand dollars, 
 then I do hereby request authorize and direct my executors to 
 withold the payment of said sum of One hundred thousand 
 dollars named in my said Codicil of May 18 1895 and given as 
 above provided and conditioned in this Instrument ; and in 
 case the said One hundred thousand dollars shall have been 
 paid over to said University, and then the terms conditions 
 and protection aforesaid are not strictly kept complied with and 
 preserved as to the whole of said Endowment Fund of Two 
 hundred thousand dollars then and in that case I do hereby 
 request, authorize and direct my executors to proceed andnto 
 recover back and collect the said sum of one hundred thousand 
 dollars given as above provided for said I^ibrary in this Instru- 
 ment, as forfeited for such it shall be, to my estate, and obtain 
 and return the same to the rest residue and remainder of my 
 estate : — It being my firm will intent and purpose that the 
 whole of said Endowment fund of two hundred thousand dol- 
 lars shall be kept and held sacred and intact, and that the 
 income thereof shall be applied only and strictly for the pur- 
 chasing of books for said lyibrary otherwise that the said gift 
 made in this Instrument for said Library is simply conditional 
 and is to be witheld by my executors or be recovered back by 
 them so that it will remain or become a part of my residuary 
 estate. 
 
 THIRD ITEM. In regard to my Private Library my 
 wish and direction to the Trustees of said University is that 
 they will provide so that the books and matters belonging to 
 the same may be kept in the University Building and may not 
 be removed, nor allowed to be used for general circulation. 
 
 FOURTH ITEM. I make the following provisions in 
 regard to Works of Art and the Art Department of said Uni- 
 versity, to wit : — 
 
84 
 
 If the Trustees of Clark University will take the Works 
 of Art which we may leave, for I have provided that the same 
 shall remain in the possession of my wife during her life, and 
 will furnish good suitable and permanent rooms in Clark Uni- 
 versity Building and not elsewhere, well warmed and lighted 
 and in good condition to exhibit the same permanently and to 
 the best advantage, and free of expense to the public or to 
 Visitors, then and in that case I hereby give and bequeath to 
 said Clark University the further sum of one hundred thousand 
 dollars as an Endowment Fund for the Art Department of said 
 University, and the said sum is to be held and kept sacred 
 and intact as a principal not to be used or expended under any 
 condition; but the income interest or proceeds thereof shall be 
 used only in putting and keeping the said Works of Art, or 
 others given or obtained for said Department in good condition, 
 and in taking care of them ; and then if there is a surplus of 
 the income of said Fund left, I will and direct that it be used 
 in the purchasing of additional Works of Art or of such 
 matters as will add to the usefulness and efficianc y of said Art 
 Department. 
 
 But this gift and Endowment of the Art Department of 
 said University is made and shall be subject to the same pro- 
 tection and conditions as are specified in my said will, and this 
 item making said endowment will take and be of effect as 
 though the same were contained in my said will directly after 
 the gift for the endowment 'of said lyibrary and before Item 
 Thirty of said will, and this gift and endowment is also subject 
 to the same terms, and conditions and protection as are specified 
 in the two Codicils to my said will in regard to the Endowment 
 fund of the lyibrary of said University : So that in case the 
 said conditions upon which the said gift and endowment for 
 said Art Department is made are not strictly complied with I 
 will and direct my said executors to withhold and to refuse 
 to pay over the same to said University, or in case it shall have 
 been paid over, and the said conditions upon which the same 
 was given shall not be fully and continuously complied with, 
 then and in that case I will and direct my executors to proceed 
 to recover back and to collect the said one hundred thousand 
 
85 
 
 dollars as forfeited, whicli it shall be, and to return the same 
 to the rest and residue of my estate. 
 
 FIFTH ITEM. In case any of the Items or part of any 
 Item of my said will or of either of the codicils thereto shall be 
 found to be illegal or void or non-effective, such fact shall not 
 in any wise affect any other part or portions of said Instru- 
 ment which may otherwise be legal and capable of execution. 
 And, Finally, I do hereby in all respects approve, ratify 
 and confirm my said will and prior Codicil, except in so far as 
 any part of the same may be revoked or may be inconsistent 
 with the provisions in this Codicil or may be modified or con- 
 ditioned thereby. 
 
 In witness whereof, I the said Jonas G. Clark hereun^p 
 set my hand and affix my seal and do publish and declare this 
 Instrument to be the second Codicil to my said last will and 
 testament in the presence of the witnesses named below, this 
 twenty-fifth day of January in the year of our I^ord, one thou- 
 sand eight hundred and ninety-six. 
 
 JONAS G. CLARK, (seal) 
 In the presence of 
 
 T. B. WAKEMAN. 
 WALTER G. HENNESSY. 
 ELBERT LUDLAM WAKEMAN. 
 The foregoing Instrument was upon the day of the date 
 thereof signed, sealed, published and declared by Jonas G. 
 Clark, the testator named and described therein, to be the 
 second codicil to his last will and testament named therein, in 
 the presence of us who in his presence and in the presence of 
 each other, and at his request have hereunto subscribed our 
 names as witnesses to the same. 
 T. B. WAKEMAN, 
 
 No. 142 East 35th St., N. Y. City. 
 WALTER G. HENNESSY, 
 
 residing at 1323 Madison Avenue, N. Y. City. 
 ELBERT LUDLAM WAKEMAN, 
 Mill Neck, Long Island. 
 
86 
 
 "EXHIBIT A." 
 
 being the Letter to President Hai,l referred in the foregoing 
 
 Codicil. ^ 
 
 "Worcester, June i, 1895, 
 
 President G. Stanley Hall, 
 
 My dear sir : — 
 
 Since I have 
 
 been in Worcester the last few days I have learned for the 
 
 first time that none of the Fifty thousand dollars that I gave to 
 
 the University the second year was credited to the Library 
 
 account. You may recollect in discussing our condition at the 
 
 Commencement of the second year, I proposed to give $40,000 to 
 
 pay old bills and balance to the general fund of the University. 
 
 You stated that the Library fund had been over drawn 
 about $10,000. In order to make that good I added $10,000 
 more, making the donation $50,000 to make good that account 
 that we may have the full benefit of the income from the Li- 
 brary Endowment Fund. You said you would need that 
 amount for books and balance was to go into the general fund 
 to be used where it was most needed. By some oversight this 
 has all been placed in the general fund. 
 
 In order to make this correction $9,568.04 should be taken 
 from the general fund and placed to the credit of the Library 
 Fund. 
 
 I trust you will see the importance of the adjustment of the 
 account. 
 
 Very respectfully yours, 
 
 JONAS G. CLARK." 
 
 NOTE. This is a copy of the letter sent to G. Stanley 
 Hall, June ist, 1895. 
 
 In this letter announcing the donation, I did not allude to 
 the understanding with Dr. Hall, that the old bills were first 
 to be paid, as he said it would not sound well to allude to it. 
 as he claimed it would be taken for granted that was the first 
 thing to be done. 
 
 JONAS G. CLARK, 
 JONAS G. CLARK, (seal) 
 
87 
 
 CODICIL No. 3. 
 
 Be it remembered that I, Jonas G. Clark of the City 
 and County of Worcester and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 
 being of sound and disposing mind do make, publish and 
 declare this Instrument as a codicil to my last will and testa- 
 ment, said Will having been executed on the twenty-fourth 
 day of February in the year 1893 and two prior codicils thereto 
 having been executed by me, the first on the eighteenth day 
 of May in the year 1895 and the second on the twenty-fifth 
 day of January in the year 1896. I hereby revoke, annul, and 
 cancel so much of the conditions contained in the thirty-first 
 Item of my said will as relates to G. Stanley Hall, the 
 present President of Clark University, and to his ceasing to 
 have any connection with said University, said condition beinf 
 set forth in the first thirty-five words of said Item, and except 
 for said clause so annulled and except as hereinafter provided, 
 I hereby ratify confirm and republish my said will and codicils 
 so that the same shall continue and be of force and validity as 
 if said clause so cancelled had never been inserted in said Will. 
 
 When said clause was written I felt compelled to adopt 
 that course, inasmuch as the said President Hall had failed to 
 carry out the plans agreed upon at the outset of the undertak- 
 ing, which were to take up certain branches or courses of ad- 
 vanced or postgraduate work or research or instruction for a 
 period of three years, and at the expiration of said term to 
 inaugurate a regular course of collegiate instruction for which 
 the work of the previous three years should have prepared the 
 way. He has until now steadily declined to take any measures 
 to carry out the latter part of the plans, but at the present 
 time consents to immediately commence a collegiate depart- 
 ment, and I desire to assist that work in a manner that will 
 meet the wants of the community and enable some to obtain a 
 liberal education who could not under less fav^orable conditions- 
 
 With this end in view I make the following provisions. 
 
 The trustees of Clark University are to elect a President 
 of the Collegiate Department of the University, who shall be 
 and remain absolutely independent of the President of the Uni- 
 
88 
 
 versity and shall be responsible only to the trustees, and shall 
 conduct this department as a separate and independent branch 
 of the University. 
 
 There shall be no charge for tuition in said Department 
 during the first year of its establishment ; for the second year 
 the charge shall be fixed at twenty-five dollars, and for the 
 third year at fifty dollars for each student. 
 
 All students of said Department are to have the use of the 
 University Library in its reading-room, but are not to be 
 allowed to take books away from the library except within the 
 building. They are also to be permitted to attend any lecture 
 in the University without extra charge. . 
 
 If such a department as I have thus described is inaugu- 
 rated, and the conditions and provisions which I have indicated 
 are carried out by the trustees, and statutes or regulations 
 framed by them for compliance with said provisions, I agree 
 on my part to give to the trustees of Clark University the sum 
 of seventy-five thousand 75000 dollars to enable them to carry 
 out the plan said amount to be paid in instalments as follows : — 
 two thousand and eighty-three and one third dollars during 
 the first mouth of the operation of said department, and the 
 same amount during each month that said department contin- 
 ues in operation allowing of course for usual vacations, so that 
 at the end of three years if said department continues in opera- 
 so long, said amount of seventy-five thousand dollars will have 
 been paid but if said department is abandoned before the 
 expiration of said period all liability for further payments shall 
 cease. And I hereby give, devise and bequeath upon the 
 conditions hereinbefore set forth, and payable in the manner 
 and upon the conditions hereinbefore set forth, to the trustees of 
 Clark University so much of said sum of seventy-five thousand 
 dollars as has not been paid and given by me in my lifetime, 
 the same to be held and used by said trustees for the purposes 
 of said Department and for no other. And I direct the execu- 
 tors, executor, or administrators, who shall carry out the 
 provisions of this instrument to satisfy themselves that the 
 provisions of this Codicil have been and are being complied 
 with, and thereupon to make such payments as become due 
 
89 
 
 under the foregoing provisions, at the times and in the manner 
 just set forth. 
 
 The provisions of this Codicil are to take effect as if 
 inserted in my will aforesaid before the thirtieth item of said 
 will, and I also revoke, annul and cancel all reference to G. 
 Stanley Hall aforesaid in said thirtieth item, in the last 
 paragraph thereof, so far as the same imports or may be con- 
 strued to imply any condition upon the other items of said will 
 or the codicils thereto. 
 
 In testimony whereof I hereunto set my hand and seal 
 this twelfth day of August in the year one thousand eight 
 hundred and ninety-seven. 
 
 JONAS G. CLARK, (seal) 
 
 On the day and year last above written Jonas G. Clark 
 signed the foregoing instrument in our presence and declared 
 it to be a third codicil to his last will and testament and re- 
 quested us to witness it as such ; and thereupon in his presence 
 and in presence of each other we hereunto set our hands as 
 witnesses. 
 
 CHARLES F. ALDRICH, 
 GEORGE W. MACKINTIRE, 
 FREDERICK M. HEDDEN. 
 
90 
 
 CODICIL No. 4. 
 
 Be it remembered that I, Jonas G. Ci^ark of the City 
 and county of Worcester and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 
 » being of sound and disposing mind, do make, publish, and de- 
 clare this instrument as a fourth Codicil to my last will and 
 testament, said will bearing date the twenty-fourth day of Feb- 
 ruary in the year 1893, and three prior Codicils thereto having 
 been executed by me, the first on the eighteenth day of May 
 in the year 1895, the second on the twenty-fifth day of January 
 in the year 1896, and the third on the twelfth day of August in 
 the current year. 
 
 First, I revoke and annul so much of the third Codicil 
 aforesaid as makes provision for the establishment of a Collegiate 
 Department of Clark Universit5^ and so much of said Codicil 
 as provides and bequeaths under certain conditions a fund of 
 seventy-five thousand dollars for that purpose. 
 
 When said Codicil was made I believed that President 
 Hall was prepared to accede to my views on this matter and 
 that the plan of a Collegiate Department as outlined by me was 
 to be carried out. Since that time after several interviews with 
 President Hall I find that I have altogether misunderstood 
 him, and that his present propositions and plans are totally 
 different from those which I had supposed we had both agreed 
 to. I therefore for these reasons withdraw the financial support 
 I proposed under said Codicil to furnish. 
 
 If however I can hereafter agree with the Trustees with 
 regard to the matter of a Collegiate Department, it is my wish 
 and intention to contribute to its support. 
 
 Second, upon condition that the Trustees of Clark Uni- 
 versity, shall set aside for the purpose, out of the land now 
 owned by the Corporation, a lot of land having a frontage of 
 one hundred feet on Main street and of two hundred and twenty 
 feet on Downing street, I agree to erect thereon, at an expense 
 not to exceed one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, a build- 
 ing for use in connection with said University as a library and 
 as a department of Arts and Sciences. 
 
91 
 
 For this purpose, upon the condition aforesaid with regard 
 to the site, I give and bequeath to the Trustees of Clark Uni- 
 versity so much of the sum of one hundred and fifty thousand 
 dollars as I shall not have expended upon such a building in 
 my lifetime, to hold in trust for the sole purpose of finishing, 
 furnishing, and maintaining in accordance with plan or plans 
 that may have been adopted and begun during my life, a build- 
 ing upon the site aforesaid to be occupied and used by said 
 University for a library and for a department of Arts and Sci- 
 ences; or, if said building shall not have been begun during my 
 lifetime, then the whole sum of one hundred and fifty thousand 
 dollars hereby bequeathed is to be held in trust by said Trus- 
 tees for the sole purpose of erecting, furnishing, and maintain- 
 ing a building upon said site to be used for such purposes; and 
 this bequest is upon the further express trust that at least o»e 
 hundred thousand dollars of the fund herein provided shall be 
 used and expendied in the erection of the building itself. 
 
 It is my desire and intention to provide this building for 
 the proper care, preservation, and use of the books and works of 
 Art that are now or may become the property of the Univer- 
 sity, and that such valuable things should have a proper 
 repository from which they should not be removed. 
 
 I therefore expressly provide and impose as a trust and con- 
 dition upon all books and works of Art given by me to the 
 University or purchased with funds given by me, that they 
 shall be forever kept as the property of the University and 
 neither sold, exchanged nor removed from the building provided 
 for their accommodation. 
 
 This bequest is to take effect as if inserted in my will before 
 referred to before the thirtieth item thereof and is to take pri- 
 ority over all subsequent items of said will and the Codicils 
 thereto. 
 
 Kxcept as herein modified or expressly annulled, I hereby 
 ratif)'', confirm and republish my will and codicils hereinbefore 
 referred to. 
 
 In testimony whereof I hereunto set my hand and seal 
 this third day of November in the year one thousand eight 
 hundred and ninety-seven. 
 
 JONAS G. CIvARK. (Seal) 
 
92 
 
 On the day and year last above written, Jonas G. Clark 
 declared the foregoing instrument to be a codicil to his last will 
 and requested us to witness it as such, and in his presence and 
 in the presence of each other we have hereto set our names as 
 witnesses, 
 
 CHARLES F. ALDRICH. 
 
 F. P. DOUGLASS. 
 
 HENRY L. KEYES. 
 
93 
 
 CODICIL No. 5. 
 
 Be it remembered that I, Jonas G. Ci^ark of the City and 
 County of Worcester and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, do 
 make, publish and declare this instrument as a fifth Codicil to 
 my will ; said Will bearing date the twenty-fourth day of 
 February in the year 1893 ; the Codicils bearing date respec- 
 tively as follows ; — the first, the eighteenth day of May in 
 the year 1895 ; ^^^ second, the twenty-fifth day of Januar}^ in the 
 year 1896 ; the third, the twelfth day of August in the year 
 1897 ; the fourth, the third day of November in the year 1897. 
 
 ITKM I. It is my earnest desire to provide for the carry- 
 ing out of that which was originally intended and proposed as 
 the principal feature of Clark University, namely, a Collegiate 
 Department where young men who have graduated from the 
 high schools and other preparatory schools and have not the 
 means to enable them to attend Universities where the expense 
 is large, may obtain at a moderate cost and in a three years 
 course a practical education which shall fit them for useful 
 citizenship and their work in life. 
 
 The building on the grounds of Clark University now 
 known as the Chemical Labratory, at a reasonable cost can be 
 fitted to accommodate a considerable number of students. It 
 would not be difficult for the trustees to secure the services of 
 a man as President of the Collegiate Department who has had 
 practical experience in training and educating young men in 
 the manner I have suggested. 
 
 On condition that the Trustees of Clark University will 
 choose as President of the Collegiate Department, one who has 
 no connection with the University, and will establish such a 
 Collegiate Department as an entirely separate and independent 
 organization, and will so provide that its president shall be re- 
 sponsible only to the Trustees, and that the management of 
 this department shall be absolutely separate from the University 
 as now organized, and in fact will carry out substantially the 
 provisions and conditions set forth in the third Codicil to my 
 will, I will give, and do hereby, upon the said conditions, give 
 
94 
 
 and bequeath to the Trustees of Clark University the sum of 
 one hundred thousand dollars to hold in trust as an endowment 
 fund for said Collegiate Department, the income only of said 
 fund to be expended annually under the direction of said 
 Trustees for the support of said Department and the principal 
 to be kept intact as is provided in my will and codicils aforesaid 
 with regard to other funds given to the Institution. And to 
 further secure the establishment of such a department, upon the 
 conditions aforesaid and upon the conditions set forth in my 
 said Third Codicil, I do hereby renew the gift of seventj^-five 
 thousand dollars as set forth in said Codicil and revoked for 
 the reasons stated in my fourth Codicil, so that upon the con- 
 ditions aforesaid I hereby give, devise, and bequeath said sum 
 of seventy-five thousand Dollars to the Trustees of Clark Uni- 
 versity, upon the trusts set forth in said third Codicil, and sub- 
 ject in all respects to the provisions thereof as to the use there- 
 of and as to times and amounts of payments ; provided however, 
 that in place of the requirement that members of the Collegiate 
 Department should be permitted to attend any lectures in said 
 University, it should be provided that they be given all reason- 
 able privileges afforded by said University, including attendance 
 on all public lectures without additional charge 
 
 I should further recommend that the south hall in the 
 basement of the University Building be set aside for a gym- 
 nasium for students in this department. 
 
 ITKM 2. In the fourth Codicil above referred to I have 
 made provision for a building for a Department of Arts and 
 Sciences. The building which I contemplate is to provide 
 suitable accommodations for the library of the University and 
 also for its works of Art, and suitable guarantees should be 
 provided that the books and works of Art should not be re- 
 moved from the building. In this connection I wish to so far 
 modify the language of the second Codicil in relation to this 
 subject that it shall read that all books and works of Art given 
 by me to the University shall be and remain in the building 
 provided for them on the grounds of the University, or in a 
 building on grounds adjoining the present University grounds, 
 
95 
 
 and this condition is to apply to all books and works of Art 
 given by me to said University. 
 
 It seems to me wise that the government of this depart- 
 ment should be to some extent in the hands of those who are 
 to receive its benefits. The rules should be so framed that any 
 person of good character may on the payment of a small fee to 
 be fixed by the board of government, become an associate 
 member of this Department and entitled to enjoy its privileges. 
 I would then recommend that its board of government or con- 
 trol should consist of the nine trustees of the University, and 
 of nine other persons to be chosen by vote of the associate mem- 
 bers from among their number. The Mayor of the City of Wor- 
 cester might be added and given a casting vote in case of a tie 
 on any questions upon which the board should be divided. 
 
 In order to relieve the trustees as much as possible from 
 care and responsibility in connection with the new building, 
 and in order that plans which have been carefully matured 
 may not fail of being carried out, I desire to provide at the ex- 
 pense of my estate a man who is conversant with the details, 
 and who shall have charge of said building and its contents. 
 
 I therefore direct my executors to employ Henry L. 
 Keyks who is now in my employ to attend to such details of 
 my affairs as he is now accustomed to, and to act as Custodian 
 of the building for a Department of Arts and Sciences, during 
 its erection and after its completion for a period of five years 
 from the probate of this instrument. He is to collect rents and 
 account to the executors for them as he has been accustomed to 
 account with me, once a month, and to retain therefrom his 
 weekly compensation. For this purpose I direct the executors 
 to allow him the sum of twenty-one dollars per week until the 
 building is completed and twenty-four dollars per week there- 
 after. If from any change in circumstances this remuneration 
 should become inadequate, I wish my executors to deal liber- 
 ally with him. He is to have the custody or superintendence 
 of the building and its contents for said period of five years, 
 and to employ such assistants for the care of the same as may be 
 necessary, the expense of such care outside of his own salary to 
 be charged upon the funds of the Institution and Mr, Keyes 
 
96 
 
 to account to the Trustees for all expenses ordered or incurred 
 by him in and about said building. If for any reason Mr. 
 Keyes declines to serve or ceases to serve in this capacity, I 
 direct my executors to fill the vacancy by the appointment of 
 some other suitable person who shall assume these duties. 
 
 The provisions of this item with regard to the employment 
 of a custodian are to be considered as if inserted in said fourth 
 codicil, and compliance with them is to form one of the condi- 
 tions of said gift for a building for a Department of Arts and 
 Sciences. 
 
 ITEM 3. I revoke so much of the provision of my Will 
 aforesaid, as relates to the disposition of the rest and residue of 
 my estate, said provisions being contained in the 34th item of 
 said will. 
 
 All the rest and residue of the property of every nature of 
 which I may be seized and possessed or to which I may be en- 
 titled at the time of my decease, which shall remain undisposed 
 of by the foregoing provisions of my will and codicils, I direct 
 my executors to divide into one thousand equal shares. 
 
 Of these shares, I give, devise and bequeath five hundred 
 shares to the Trustees of Clark University to hold in trust as 
 an additional endowment fund for the Collegiate Department 
 aforesaid in case the same is successfully established as provided 
 hereinbefore and this bequest is subject to the same conditions 
 and upon the same trusts as the prior gifts for the same depart- 
 ment. 
 
 I give, devise and bequeath to said Trustees of Clark 
 University, two hundred and fifty of said shares of the residue 
 as an endowment fund for the Department of Arts and Sciences, 
 and two hundred and fifty shares as a fund for the library, 
 these gifts to be subject to the same conditions, upon the same 
 trusts, and liable to the same forfeitures as are provided with 
 reference to prior gifts for said purposes, it being my intention 
 to add the residue of my estate in the proportions indicated to 
 the three funds mentioned in the same manner and with the 
 same effect as if that amount had been added to the amounts 
 stated in the original bequest, and without reference to other 
 bequests or conditions. 
 
97 
 
 ITEM 4. I think it proper to provide and do according- 
 ly direct my executors to appoint Mr. James P. Hamilton 
 one of their number, as treasurer to hold and have charge of 
 such of the funds as are directed to be kept separate from the 
 general endowment fund of the University, for the space of five 
 years after the probate of this instrument, in order that my 
 purpose to keep these funds intact and independent of said 
 general fund may not fail. 
 
 All conditions with reference to the cessation of President 
 Hall's connection with the University wherever set forth or 
 referred to in my said will and Codicils are hereby revoked, if any 
 doubt remains from the language of the former revocation. But 
 if at any time his connection with the University should cease, 
 the Trustees and Executors are authorized to consolidate the 
 management of the different Departments provided for, and 
 thereafter the management of all Departments may be carried 
 on under one head if it seems best. 
 
 ITEM 5. The nine legacies provided in article 2 of the 
 first codicil to my will are to follow item 26 of my will and to 
 be paid in order after payment in full of said first 26 items. 
 
 The monument provided for in the twenty-ninth item of 
 my will has already been erected. Both that provision and 
 generally any provision of my will and codicils which I may 
 carry out in my lifetime are of course to lapse and become of 
 no effect. 
 
 All the minor legacies hereinbefore contained in said will 
 and codicils should be paid as promptly as may be and within one 
 year at least of the probate of this instrument. The large leg- 
 acies I should expect to be paid certainly within three years 
 and I direct my executors to allow interest at the rate of four 
 per cent per annum on any of said legacies not paid within the 
 times specified. 
 
 If any clause, provision, or item of this codicil or of any 
 prior codicil or of said will is illegal, void, or of no effect, the 
 failure shall not extend to any other portion or provision of 
 said will and codicils. 
 
 If for any reason the provisions I have made in this codicil 
 
98 
 
 with reference to the residue of my estate shall fail or not be 
 accomplished within three years from the probate of this instru- 
 ment, then said rest and residue is to be divided among my 
 legally entitled representatives as if said residue were intestate 
 property. 
 
 In all respects save as herein modified I hereby reaffirm 
 republish, and declare the provisions of my aforesaid will and 
 the codicils thereto. 
 
 In testimony whereof I hereunto set my hand and seal this 
 twenty-sixth day of November in the year one thousand eight 
 hundred and ninety-seven. 
 
 JONAS G. CIvARK. (Seal) 
 
 On the day and year last above written we saw Jonas G. 
 Clark sign the foregoing instrument which he declared to be 
 a codicil to his will, and in his presence and in presence of each 
 other, at his request w^e have hereunto set our hands as wit- 
 nesses. 
 
 CHARLES F. ALDRICH. 
 CHARLES E. PARKER. 
 EDGAR S. DOUGLASS. 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 029 923 107 
 
 
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