Class _ Book_ Gopyright^°_ il - L COPYRSGHT DEPOSIT /N4 THE STORY OF THE Marches, Battles and Incidents OF THE Q H H Indiana Volunteer Infantry. $ Axr<>-*- -> TJa-' BY A MEMBER OF THE REGIMENT. 4^ NEW (ASTLE. INK: The Courier Company I L891. ENTERED ACCORDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS IN THE YEAR 1891 BY WILLIAM GROSE, IN THE OFFICE OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS, AT WASHINGTON, D. C. TO THE MEMORY OF OUR BRAVE COMRADES, Who upon the Field of Battle, or elsewhere hi the Service, gave their lives to save the Government, AND TO THE SURVIVING MEMBERS Of the 36th Her/intent Indiana Volunteers, this Work is Dedicated, BY THE AUTHOR. " The flowers of Fame will grow beautiful and green, And by his grave's side pilgrim feet shall tread, And blessing, pure as men to martyrs give, Will there be breathed by those he died to save." PREFACE. Twenty-five years have passed since the close of the war, and yet no satisfactory history of the same is accessible to the public. The abundant materials that are buried in the War Department at Washington are slowly becoming ac- cessible to the enterprising student of history. The pub- lication of the War Records are moving slowly and very limited to the reading public. It is probable that the next century will come before the Records, upon the present limited plan for the public, can be completed. The author of this small and imperfect volume had fre quent overtures from comrades to write and have pub- lished a history of the doings and service of the Regiment, and finally, at the annual reunion in 1890, a resolution was passed unanimously requesting him to do so. He who writes an account of transactions in which he himself was an active participant, is always at a disadvantage to present many of the important points. We lay no claim to literary ability. It was never the ex- pectation to write a book of high historical merit, but if we have written the facts, and placed them in shape to be comprehended by the casual observer, we shall be con- tent. Deeming further apologies unnecessary, we submit this unpretending volume, and indulge a hope that the surviv- ors who may read of the toils, privation and perils we have attempted to record, will find a truthful account of their distinguished services, as far as given. William Grose. New Castle, hid., November, 1891. CONTENTS. PART I. CHAPTER I. The Causes that Led to the War, !i CHAPTER U. Roster of Officers and Enlisted Men, with Residence, Date of Enter- ing Service, Muster Out, and Remarks on Service and Inci- dents to Each Member of the Regiment, 14 CHAPTER III. Organization of the Regiment at Camp Wayne, at the City of Richmond, Indiana, and Its Movements to the Front by Way of Indianapolis, Jeffersonville, Louisville, New Haven, Camp Wickliffe, Down the Ohio and Up the Cumberland River to Nashville, thence to Savannah and Pittsburg Landing — The Battle of Shilob, 94 CHAPTER IV. Movements toward Corinth and the Capture thereof — Pursuit of the Enemy — Abandonment of Pursuit — March to luka, Tus- cumbia, Florence, Athens, and Return to Nashville — Murfrees- boro — Advance to McMinnville — Fight with Forrest — Back to Nashville and Louisville, IK! CHAPTER V. Re-organization at Louisville — The Battle of Perry ville — Pursuit of Bragg — Wildcat — The Army of the Cumberland — Return to Nashville, 135 CHAPTER VI. Stone River Campaign — Disposition of Forces — Forward Move- ment — Battles of December 29, 18(>2, and January L', 1863, . 14.'! CHAPTER VII. Operations During the Army's Encampment at Murfreesboro — 6 CONTENTS. General Crittenden's Command Disposed so as to Cover the Liberty and Lebanon Turnpikes, the Left Resting on Stone River, 167 CHAPTER VIII. From Cripple Creek to the Tennessee River and across to White- side Station — The Battle of Chicamauga, 172 CHAPTER IX. s Siege of Chattanooga — Battles of Lookout Mountain and Mission- i ary Ridge. 190 CHAPTER X. The Atlanta Campaign, 209 PART II. Abraham Lincoln — Morton — General William Grose — Colonel O. H. P. Carey — General Thomas VV. Bennett — The Regiment by Companies — General Grose's Farewell to his Old Brigade — The 1891 Reunion — Soldiers' Help, 227 PART I. CHAPTER I. THE CAUSES THAT LED TO THE WAR. Over a century has passed since our patriotic grand sires entered upon a contest, with the declaration prom inent before them and the world that of right all men should be free and equal. And in 1H60, upon a greal political contest, an advance step was taken by one of the parties, that the inhumanity of human slavery should not extend its blighting curses over any more of the free soil of the United States, nor in the Territor ies thereof. The issues were made and submitted, and this cardinal axiom won at the ballot-box and was de- clared to be the rule for our people in the future of our government. Then it was that wicked and bad men arrayed themselves against these results, and declared. • • Rather than these, we will destroy and have no more United States favoring equal rights and humanity to all : but we will go to and have the Confederate States of America, and the corner-stone thereof shall be human slavery and inhumanity forever."' And hence came tin 1 great, bloody conflict, and the great losses we have so often and so sincerely lamented. One of the great, if not the greatest of the champions of freedom for all the human race, was stricken down in his public position in the United States Senate, for the cause of 'advocating human freedom in opposition to human slavery. The attempted assassination of Senator Sumner was the declaration of war in favor of slavery and the destruction of the governmenl of the I'nited States. The would-be assassinator declared at a pub] it- banquet : "I tell you. fellow citizens, from the bottom of my heart, that the only mode that I can think of for 10 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. meeting the issue, is just to tear the constitution of the United States, trample it under foot, and form a South- ern Confederacy, every State of which shall be a slave - holding State. I believe it as I stand in the face of my Maker ; I believe it on my responsibility to you as your honored representative, that the only hope of the South is in the South, and that the only available means of making that hope effective is to cut asunder the bonds that tie us together, and take our separate position in the family of Nations." These sentiments found ready echo among the sedi- tiously disposed people of the South, and willing ears from some parts of the North. The time for nomina- tions for the struggle was approaching. The Democratic National Convention assembled on the 25th of April, 1860, at Charleston, S. C. Caleb Gushing, of Massachu- setts, was made president of the convention, and a plat- form adopted. This, however, did not concede to the South the ' ' necessary guarantees for the preservation of the Union," and the Southern delegates withdrew, organized a Southern convention, met May 3d, and after attempts to nominate adjourned to meet at Richmond. The balance of the Charleston convention adjourned to meet at Baltimore on the 13th of June. On re-assem- bling at Baltimore quite a number more withdrew; those remaining nominated Stephen A. Douglass, of Illinois, for President, and Benjamin Pitzpatrick, of Alabama, for Vice President. The seceders at Richmond nomi- nated John C. Breckenridge, of Kentucky, for President, and Joseph Lane, of Oregon, for Vice President. In the meantime another convention, styling itself the "Constitutional Union," met at Baltimore on the 9th of May and nominated John Bell, of Tennessee, for Presi- dent, and Edward Everett, of Massachusetts, for Vice President. Then on the 16th of May, a convention at CAUSES THAT LED TO THE WAR. 11 Chicago nominated Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois, for President, and Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine, for Vice President. The leaders of the South had lost faith in their North ern combinations and determined to go without them. This was properly the Breckenridge party, and the con trolling element determined to maintain the slave power or break up the government and establish a Southern confederation of States. But a kind Providence and the brave Union soldiers directed otherwise. The Douglass party hobbled along through the campaign without hope or promise, with full privilege in the future to squat politically wherever they might see proper. The Bell, "Constitutional Union," party fell still-born, without funeral ceremonies or mourners, and was not heard of after the November election. On November 6, 1H00, Abraham Lincoln, as had been foreseen, was elected President of the United States. His principles and positions' on all the questions in- volved were well known. He was a native of Kentucky; from there he removed to Indiana, thence to Illinois, next to the Presidency. He was the intellectual, politi- cal giant of his day, and was the man above all others for the position and the occasion, to main tain and de- fend the government of the United States against its enemies, then in full array for its destruction. Stephen A. Douglass, the "Little Giant'* of Illinois, his late com- petitor, at once came to his assistance, and the remain- der of his life, though short, was given to the Presidenl to put down the Rebellion, and as well many others of the friends of Mr. Douglass gave their best help, their lives, their all. to the government, by helping the ad ministration of President Lincoln. Of the party that nominated and elected Lincoln, none faltered, but all stood firm against the destruction of the government 12 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. and the constitution. Thousands upon thousands sacri- ficed their lives thus upon the altar of their country's cause. Port Sumter, under command of Major Anderson, with a small force of United States Infantry, was compelled to surrender to the rebel force at Charleston, S. C. Im- mediately thereafter, on the 15th of April, 1861, the President issued his proclamation declaring that the laws of the United States had been for some time past and then were opposed, and the execution thereof ob- structed in the States of South Carolina, Georgia. Ala- bama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas, by combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the or- dinary course of judicial proceedings or by the power vested in the marshals of the law : and therefore called forth 75.000 of the militia of the several States, to sup- press said combinations and to cause the laws to be executed. The cannon that bombarded Sumter awoke strange echoes, and touched forgotten chords in the American heart ; patriotism and loyalty leaped into instant life, and stood radiant and ready for the fierce encounter. The public press, as well as the people, divided through- out the country as to the course to be taken. The President called Congress to meet on the 4th of July, and by proclamation of May 3, 1861, called for volun- teers — 42,000 infantry and cavalry, to serve three years, and to increase the regular army 22,714, and the enlist- ment of 18,000 seamen for from one to three years, for naval force. All of these requisitions were promptly filled. By act of Congress of July 22 the States were asked to furnish 500.000 volunteers for three years, or during the war, and by act of July 29 the regular army was to be increased 25,000 in addition, The portion for Indiana CAUSES THAT LED TO THE WAR. 13 was soon made up, the 36th Indiana being one regiment thereof. On the first day of December Indiana had in the volunteer service 57,332. rank and file, those in the regular army not included. Lincoln had foreseen, and said in a public speech, that our government could not continue to exist half free and half slave. It was an advance step for him to take at that time, and then to be elected President of the United States ; yet still more wonderful for right, jus- tice and humanity it was. that within the first two years of his administration he should, as a war measure, pro- claim that slavery should cease to exist in all parts of our country that should be in rebellion on a given day. The day arrived and the proclamation was made abso- lute and sustained by the onward inarch of the Union soldier, and thereby slavery has become extinct. Victor Hugo says that America in the nineteenth cen- tury, after she had awakened to her condition, looked upon herself and said, "What; I had slaves!" and that Europe would awake in the twentieth century and ex- claim. "What; I had kings!*' 14 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. 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ORGANIZATION OF THE REGIMENT AT CAMP WAYNE, AT THE CITY OF RICHMOND, IND., AND ITS MOVEMENTS TO THE FRONT BY WAY OF INDIANAPOLIS, JEFFER- SONVILLE, LOUISVILLE, NEW HAVEN, CAMP WICK- LIFFE, DOWN THE OHIO AND UP THE CUMBERLAND RIVER TO NASHVILLE, THENCE TO SAVANNAH AND PITTSBURG LANDING — THE BATTLE OF SHILOH. The Regiment was organized at Camp Wayne, at the city of Richmond, and mustered into service on the 16th of September, 1861, for three years, under the immediate superintendence of William Grose, who was Colonel thereof, receiving the kindest of help from the peace- loving citizens of said city and the county of Wayne, as well as the favor of the entire Fifth Congressional Dis- trict. On the 11th day of October, 1861, the Regiment left Camp Wayne for Louisville, Ky. , via Indianapolis, tarry- ing a few days at the latter city for arms and equip- ments. Leaving Indianapolis with 1,047 men, rank and file, on the 23d of October, it arrived at Jeffersonville the same evening, reporting next day to General Sher- man in Louisville, by whom the Colonel was kindly re- ceived and directed to remain in the camp that the Regiment was then in, and in a few days he could re- port to General Buell for orders, which direction was obeyed. The Regiment was ordered by General Buell to New Haven, Ky., by rail, thirty miles from Louis- ville, where the Regiment remained until December 15, in the meantime trying hard day and night to cease to be citizens and learn to be soldiers, officers and men be- CAPTAIN PYRRHUS WOODWARD. ENROUTE TO NASHVILLE. 95 ing fearful that the war would end and they would not get into a fight. On the 15th, upon orders, reported to General Nelson, at Camp Wickliffe, ten miles distant. The Regiment was there assigned to the Tenth Brigade, under command of Colonel Jacob Ammen. of the 24th Ohio, and the Fourth Division, under command of Gen- eral Nelson, a complete disciplinarian, who taught us to act like soldiers in camp life, and informed us not to be uneasy about not getting into a fight, for we would have ;is much of that business as we desired in the coming two years. General Sherman and General Nelson were two of the few who fully estimated the magnitude of the great struggle then upon the country. It was said at the time that General Sherman was a little off be- cause of having stated that it would take an army of 200.000 men to advance from Louisville to the South and break down the rebellion. On February 10. 1862, the Regiment moved to Camp Hart, four miles north of Green River, where they be- gan to come in sight of some real rebels, who had real guns, or "arms," to shoot with. But up to this time the measles had been our worst enemy, by which a number of good young men of the Regiment, among them James Millikan, a popular young man. son of John R. Millikan. were stricken down. The next move was the march to West Point, on the Ohio River below Louisville with the Division, in bad February weather. Here the Regiment embarked on the steamer Woodford and joined a fleet of eighteen transports, which trans- ported the Division down the Ohio and up the Cumber- land River to Nashville. These waters were very high, all the valleys along the same being inundated. Fre- quently the steamers would for a shorter route leave the main channel and pass over farms, and by houses with the first story filled with water and the family in 96 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. the upper, with their boats cabled to the building. The Woodford, in the advance, reached the landing at Nash- ville February 25, closely followed by the Diana, with the 6th Ohio, General Nelson and staff. The 36th Indi- ana and 6th Ohio were the first Federal troops that entered the city, driving out the few remaining rebel cavalry. General Nelson advanced to the State-house with the 6th Ohio and raised the stars and stripes thereon. The 36th Indiana advanced through the city by the court-house square and Main street, the rebel cavalry retiring before it at a respectful distance. The rebel flags that before that day had been flaunted pro- fusely throughout the State capital, blushed and retired, and have been modest to appear in public since. While the rebel element had it all its own way in Nashville, yet there were many good Union people there, and some of them still remain, with large numbers since added. When the Fourth Division was leaving Kentucky it was expected that it might be in time to assist our friends at Fort Donelson, on the Cumberland River below Nash- ville, but the forces under General Grant had finished that job before Nelson's Division reached there, and we only interested ourselves, as our fleet passed up the river, in viewing the ruins occasioned by the battle. The camp for the Division was selected out upon the Murfreesboro turnpike, near the city, and was named Camp Andrew Jackson, by General Nelson. Meanwhile, the remainder of Nelson's Division was disembarking, and Generals Buell and Mitchel had made their appearance across the country. The 6th Ohio was finally ordered to move about two miles out, on the Murfreesboro turnpike, where the Division was to estab- lish its camp. It arrived there just at dark, stacked arms, and was preparing for the night's bivouac, when the near and sudden crash of musketry, followed by a AT CAMP ANDREW JACKSON. 97 deafening clatter of horses' hoofs, caused every man to rush for his rifle. Scarcely had the Regiments formed, amid some confusion that was inevitable in the darkness. before a body of horsemen swept by, which was recog- nized at once as the German Cavahy Company that had been sent forward to picket the turnpike. Captain Klein, their commander, was in hot pursuit, shouting the order to "halt," at the top of his voice, first in English and then in German, but without effect, unless to quicken their speed, if such a thing were possible. A party of rebel cavalry had fired into them from the ambush of some cedars in front of a farm-house, situ- ated about one-fourth of a mile in advance of the posi- tion occupied by the 6th Ohio. Entirely ignorant as to what force of the enemy might be near, as well as of the surrounding locality. Lieutenant Colonel Anderson immediately advanced a line of skirmishers, and made other dispositions to resist an attack ; but there was no further disturbance. During the stay of nearly three weeks at Camp An- drew Jackson the Fourth Division received important accessions, which, with other changes, made its organi- zation as follow T s : Tenth Brigade, Colonel Am men. composed of the 6th and 24th Ohio, and 36th Indiana. Nineteenth Brigade, Colonel Hazen, embracing the 41si Ohio. 6th Kentucky, and 9th Indiana. Twenty -second Brigade, comprising the 1st. I'd. and 20th Kentucky, under command of Colonel Saunders D. Bruce, of the Regiment last named. Second Indiana Cavalry, then commanded by Lieuten- ant Colonel Edwin L. McCook. Battery D, 1st Regiment Ohio Artillery, Captain A. T. Konkle. and two Indiana batteries, under command of Captains Coxe and Harris. '98 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. Of the newly-joined regiments, the 9th Indiana had come directly from West Virginia and was the suc- cessor, in the three years' organization, of Milroy's bold skirmishers at Laurel Hill; while the 1st and 2d Ken tucky, schooled to campaigning by a five months' experi- ence in the Kanawha Valley, and recent graduates from General Thomas J. Wood's Division, contained hundreds of Cincinnatians, who could share in many a reminis- cence of Sumter times, and had intimate friends among its members. The three Regiments, now associated in the Tenth Brigade, and which were soon to receive a common bap- tism in blood and fire, became warmly attached to each other, and until their last surviving members shall no longer bivouac on the banks of time the recollection of those bygone days will remain a bond of friendship, strong as a three-fold cord that cannot be broken. The Brigade commander, Colonel Jacob Ammen, was born in Virginia, January, 1808, of Swiss descent. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1831, moved to Ohio when young and was not in the military service at the commencement of the late war. At the time he was appointed Colonel of the 24th Ohio he held the position of superintendent of public schools of Brown county, Ohio. He is yet living, a faithful and true patriot, but unfortunately has lost his eyesight. He is remembered favorably and kindly by the mem- bers of the Tenth Brigade. On the 12th of March the Fourth Division was or- dered out upon "a reconnoissance," in the lightest pos- sible marching order, as if for a rapid movement against the enemy. The expedition proved to be noth- ing of the kind, however ; it was simply a visit to the Hermitage, once the home and now the burial-place of Andrew Jackson, of whose birth this day was the ninety- ON THE MARCH THROUGH TENNESSEE. 99 fifth anniversary. The Hermitage is situated near the Lebanon turnpike, twelve miles from Nashville, but is remarkable for nothing, save the associations which cling to its time-browned walls. General Nelson, who held the character of Jackson in great reverence, was in his best humor upon this excursion, always excepting such occasions as promised well for a fight. The day was a beautiful one of early spring, everything was ad- mirably managed, and the men reached camp at evening twilight, well pleased with the trip, though weary, for they had marched not less than twenty three miles. On Sunday, March 16th, the Fourth Division received orders to prepare for a march, with tents, camp equip- age and seven days' rations, in the direction of Frank- lin. It moved at 7 a. m., next day, in the following or- der : The Tenth Brigade in advance, which position it retained throughout the march ; the Twenty -second Bri- gade next, and the Nineteenth Brigade in the rear. Returning from Camp Andrew Jackson almost to Nash- ville, the troops struck across to the Franklin turnpike, and soon passed the deserted camping grounds of McCook. who, as Senior Division Commander, had claimed the advance and started early the day before. That night, after an easy march of thirteen miles, they bivouacked near the toll-gate, then kept by Mr. Belle w. twelve miles from Nashville. On the 18th the Fourth Division marched nineteen miles, through Franklin, halting for the night near Spring Hill. The command was now traversing the fertile and highly-cultivated cotton regions of Middle Tennessee, and gangs of -slaves were seen at work upon almost every plantation, or else clinging to the fences by the roadside, whence they watched the marching column with wondering eyes and unmistakable delight, as long as it remained in view. The rebel cavalry, which had been left to watch the 100 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. Army of the Ohio, was not in sufficient force to retard its progress, except by destroying the bridges along its line of march ; and even in this they had thus far been foiled by the rapid movements of the Union cavalry, pushed well forward in advance of the main column. But here General Nelson learned that McCook had been compelled to halt by the destruction of the bridges across Rutherford Creek and Duck River, which were respectively six and ten miles ahead. No serious de- tention had been caused at the former, but the Duck River bridge it would be impossible to replace for sev- eral days, and. as the river was greatly swollen by late rains, fording was out of the question. On the 19th McCook moved up almost in sight of Columbia, and im- mediately began the construction of another bridge, in which, however, he made slower headway than he had at first anticipated. The delay continued until the 27th of March, and on that day General Nelson, and per- haps General Buell also, learned for the first time that General Grant's army was on the west bank of the Ten- nessee River. General Nelson strongly exclaimed, "We must cross this river at once, or Grant will be whipped," and immediately applied to General Buell for permis- sion to pass the river in some way. Upon reviewing the situation, General Buell gave permission, and that evening at dress parade the troops of the Fourth Divi- sion were pleased to hear read the following order: Headquarters Fourth Division, ) Camp near Spring Hill, Tenn., V 28th March, 1862. J (Circular.) Reveille will be sounded tomorrow at 4 o'clock a. m. At 6 a. m. , the Tenth Brigade will move with one day's ra- tions in haversacks, in the following order: First, the 24th Ohio Regiment; second, the 6th Ohio Regiment; third, the 36th Indiana Regiment. The wagons will be carefully ARRIVAL AT SAVANNAH. TENNESSEE. 101 loaded with reference to fording Duck River — tents and other articles not liable to injury 1'rom water at the bottom, and ammunition at the top. On reaching the ford, the men will strip off their panta- loons, secure their cartridge-boxes about their necks, and load knapsacks on the wagons; bayonets will be fixed, and the pantaloons, in a neat roll, will be carried on the point of the bayonet. A halt will be ordered on the other side of the ford, to allow the men to take off their drawers, wring them dry. and resume their clothing and knapsacks. Strong parties will be detailed to accompany the wagons, to assist them to cross the ford. The rear-guard to each Regiment will consist of one Company under charge of a field officer, whose particular province it will be to assist the passage of the train over the ford. The ammunition boxes of the artillery will be taken off the limbers and passed across the river on scows. By command of Brigadier General Nelson. J. Mills Kendrick, A. A. A. <;. At 6 o'clock on the next morning. March 29th, the Tenth Brigade moved to the river, and notwithstanding a bad ford the men crossed the river and the Division, except some artillery, was safely beyond before sunset and on the march toward Savannah, Nelson's division in front, over bad roads. The 36th Indiana, in front of the Tenth Brigade, arrived at Savannah April 5, at noon, and the whole division was near there by evening. Colonel Ammen, in a conversation with General Nelson and General Grant, said his troops were not fatigued and could march on to Pittsburg Landing if necessary. General Grant said in response, "You can not march through the swamps. Make your troops comfortable; I will send boats for you." General Nelson was like Rachel, he would not be comforted. He used strong language, insisting that Sidney Johnson was a wise commander and would endeavor to attack Grant's army before Buell's arrived. But all quieted down. We had 102 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. a pleasant afternoon, enjoyed a nice dress-parade and a comfortable night's rest. The next morning, a beautiful Sabbath morning, while eating our best for breakfast and rubbing up to make everything lovely for the day, there came from the direction of Pittsburg Landing the pop, clatter and roar of arms. Soon the artillery began to thunder, louder and nearer rolling, until all were convinced that General Nelson had correctly foreseen what would come to pass. Mounted on his big horse, he rode through the camps admonishing the regiments and officers to be ready to move at any moment, an- nouncing that Johnson had attacked Grant and would whip him if the Fourth Division or some sufficient part of Buell's army failed to reach him in time. A little before 1 o'clock the orders came for the Tenth Brigade to march the eight miles to Pittsburg Landing. In ten minutes the 36th Indiana was in motion on the route in front. Lieutenant Colonel Carey in charge of the ad- vance guard. General Nelson rode by the side of the Colonel at the head of the column, followed closely by the 6th and 24th Ohio. The guide, a large, fine-looking Tennesseean, rode with Colonel Carey, but frequently dropped back to talk with General Nelson, Colonels Ammen and Grose. There was no swamp on the route and never had been. The first half of the way was undulating, rolling ground, easy for travel. We de- scended to the bottom lands along and approaching the river recently overflowed. Here the ground was wet and soft, but infantry and cavalry passed over it at good speed. We made the eight miles to the river opposite the raging battle in about three and a half hours. The northeast bank of the river was low. the opposite side higher, with a rugged ascent of two hun- dred feet, but men and horses ascended quite easily. The river was full of boats, steam up ; these and the ARRIVAL AT PITTSBURG LANDING. 103 space between the river and the top of the hill, for half a mile or more in length along the river, were crowded with men in uniforms, 10,000 to 15,000, trying to keep out of danger. General Nelson went over on the boat with Colonel Carey and the advance guard, Colonel Grose soon followed with the remainder of the 36th and joined the advance at the river. The skulkers and crowd proclaimed their regiments cut to pieces and that we would meet the same fate. Such looks of ter- ror, such confusion is beyond description. One Lieu- tenant of the 36th advised some of the shoulder-strap fellows who were trying to avoid danger to jump into the river and drown themselves and get out of misery. General Nelson told them they ought to be punished and ordered them to clear the way for soldiers to gel up the hill; but they responded, "You will see." '"You will come back, or be killed.'* "It's murder." Notwith- standing these surroundings, calculated to discourage the bravest of the brave, the 36th Indiana obeyed every order promptly. It moved up through the throng to the summit of the hill, to the left and near the noted double log house. The Regiment was formed front to the southwest. Grant. Buell and Nelson were all there between the Regiment and the house, standing in a group. About this time. 4 o'clock. King, of Company G. of Union county, had both legs torn off, and a scout. or some attache of General ('rant's command, had his head torn oft' and fell from his horse dead, close in front of the Regiment, These death scenes caused the men in the line near thereto to curve by a step or two back, but upon hearing the Colonel call out. '• Straighten up that line." it was as promptly done as though the Regimenl had been on drill or dress parade. When the Regiment was aligned. General Buell stepped to the Colonel and asked if he was ready. The response being 104 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. in the affirmative, the General then said, "Do you see that Battery (Captain Stone's) forward of the Regiment about one hundred and fifty yards upon an eminence, firing and falling back by alternate sections V" ••Yes." •'Please move forward and sustain it if you can." said the General. The order was "Load"; then "Left ob- lique, march." This was the first time in battle for the 36th. As the Regiment ascended to the left of the Bat- tery, then a little » behind the summit, the enemy was advancing up on the other side in two lines. It was intended by the Colonel, at the proper time, as he could see, to give the command, "Fire at will, fire": but as soon as the opposing forces began to see each other they began the firing without command. After three or four rounds the enemy fell back, re-formed and came again. The 36th, in the interval, had time to prepare and be ready. As the enemy advanced the word went along the line. "Boys, fire low." As soon as the enemy Was in sight the firing again commenced and after a few well-directed volleys the enemy again fell back. It was then dusk and firing ceased generally for the night. As the Regiment advanced near to the battery the Captain told the Colonel he was out of ammunition and would retire, which he did in a short time. Our heavy guns in position some three or four hundred yards to the right of the position of the 30th. did the Regiment great good and no doubt did much to lessen and lighten the attack by an oblique fire across the front in the immediate location whence came the enemy. During this contest about fifteen or twenty Iowa men of Grant's Army, under command of an officer, came to the Colonel and asked to take part in the contest. They were directed to the left of the Regiment, took position there, advanced with and did a good part in the fight. Colonel Belknap afterward wrote the Col- THE BATTLE OF SHILOH. 105 one] of the 36th Indiana, that it was he and his men who helped do that fighting. It is proper to say. on behalf of Colonel Ammen. concerning- this fight, what he says himself, as follows: "General Nelson ordered me to remain and see my Brigade over and give orders to the commanders of the other Brigades to bring their Brigades after the Tenth. I instructed Colonel Grose to be certain to keep guides at the river to conduct all our commands to the same point on their arrival by boats.'* It is truthful and right to say here that no pari of BuelVs Army except the 36th took any part what- ever in that Sunday evening fight at the Landing. Upon the arrival of the 36th Indiana on the hill by the log house there were no troops. Infantry or Cavalry, in po- sition, nor any other Union forces in sight to the right or left, except Stone's Battery and the heavy guns, three or four hundred yards to the right. As we were advancing our pickets after this fight, in the dark of the night, we found a wounded Confederate and inquired of him what troops we had been fighting that evening. He named three Mississippi Regiments, to one of which he belonged, of Chalmers' Brigade, as the force that advanced upon us that evening. General James R. Chalmers, in his official report of the battle and the part taken by his Brigade on that Sunday evening, says: "It was then about 4 o'clock in the evening, and after distributing ammunition we received orders from General Bragg to drive the enemy into the river. My Brigade, together with that of Brigadier General Jackson, filed to the right and formed facing the river and endeavored to press forward to the water's i>i\ge % but in attempting to mount the last ridge we were met by a fire from a whole line of Batteries protected by Infantry and assisted by shells from the gunboats. Our men struggled vainly to ascend the hilt, which was very 106 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. steep, making charge after charge without success, but con tinued to fight until night closed hostilities on both sides." This statement is true no doubt, except, the gunboats were not firing at that time, and if they had been, would have been more likely to have done injury to friend than foe. There was more bosh than anything else about the gunboat firing at this battle. It was simply done to scare the Johnnies and was not known to otherwise hurt anyone. The following is the official report of Colonel Grose of the battle : Headquarters 36th Reg't Ind. Vols.. ] Near Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., r April 8. 1862. I Colonel Jacob Ammen, Acting Brig. Gen. Tenth Brie/.. Fourth Div.: Sir: In discharge of my duty. I make the following report of the part the 36th Ind. Vols, took in the general engagement at this place on the evening of the 6th and day of the 7th inst. On our march from Savannah on the 6th, my Regiment had the advance of the column and I sent four Companies forward as an advance guard under command of Lieutenant Colonel Carey, leaving four under my command at the head of the column (two Companies having been left behind on other duty). On reaching the river with the four Companies at the head of the column, they were immediately ferriei over to join those under Colonel Carey that had passed over before my arrival. On arriving on the south side of the river, under circum- stances that looked discouraging to new troops, my Regi- ment was formed about four hundred strong (the eight Companies) amid great commotion and excitement. While forming the Regiment one of my men was killed by a ball of the enemy. As soon as formed I was ordered to ad- vance and support Captain Stone's Battery, about one hundred and fifty yards distant from my place of forming, which was done in tolerable order ; and as soon as the Reg- iment was in place the firing commenced and continued COLONEL GROSE'S OFFICIAL REPORT. 107 until near dusk. I there lost another man killed and one wounded. During the fore part of the night, with the Brigade, we took an advanced position of about two hun- dred yards, and took our position on the left of the Bri- gade and extreme left of the line of battle, which seemed to have been formed during the night, and lay on our arms until 5:30 the next morning, when we were ordered and moved forward with the Brigade in line of battle, with two Companies thrown forward and to the left as skir- mishers. We advanced forward to the left of the Corinth road about one-half mile, when our skirmishers engaged the enemy, we advancing steadily and the enemy falling back for a distance of about one mile from where we lay in the morning, when the engagement became general, in strong force on both sides. Seeing the enemy making continuous efforts to turn our left. I threw out by your or- der a third Company as skirmishers, which, with the as- sistance of the skirmishers from the 24th Ohio on my right, succeeded in saving our left from being turned. We slowly advanced, our skirmishers maintaining their positions, driving the enemy's Cavalry. Infantry and Ar- tillery before them, over the same ground fought over the previous day. About 11 o'clock my remaining live Com panics not on skirmish to our left, were ordered forward in conjunction with the 24th Ohio and part of the 15th Illinois, at this time on my left, into the general tight and engaged the enemy in strong force, they with a heavy Battery, Cavalry and Infantry in our front. My Regi- ment advanced to a fence mostly thrown down, where a desperate contest ensued, during which my Regiment (five Companies) advanced about seventy-five yards to a second fence mostly down, my right resting on some old buildings. While in this position my ammunition gave out, mosl of my men having fired forty to fifty rounds. I then ordered them to fall back behind the firsl fence to procure a new supply of ammunition, which was obtained, and we then again advanced to the position we left, and further. The enemy at this time occupied an eminence about four hundred yards distant, in the woods and an old Union camp ground, when we received orders to charge bayonets upon them, which was commenced in quick time. 108 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. As my Regiment reached the summit of the eminence the enemy was far out of our reach, moving off with their Bat- tery and Infantry in front, their Cavalry taking the Cor- inth road to the left, all in double quick time. We now occupy the ground from which we drove the enemy, over which we found many of their dead. The main struggle at the fences, as above stated, before we received orders to charge, lasted for two hours, from 11 to 1 o'clock. My officers and men behaved well, stood the fire with great bravery, and even to daring - , without flinching. I know not how, in truth, {o compliment any one of my command over the rest, as I was well satisfied with all. The casualties of my Regiment during the engagement, including the first evening, were eight killed, one missing and about fifty wounded, six of whom probably mortally; a complete list of which will be forwarded as soon as it can be obtained. Among my killed is Lieutenant A. M. Davis, of Company H. who commanded Company E in the engagement. He fell by my side bravely discharging his whole duty. During most of the engagement I was on foot, my horse having been shot at an early part of the main fight. I have the honor to be Your obedient servant, W. Grose. Col. 36th Reg't Ind. Vols. Following is a copy of a private letter written by Colonel Grose on the day after Monday's battle : Battle-field, ] Near Pittsburg Landing, Te,nn., \- April 12, 1862. J My Bear — I will continue this as a part of yesterday's letter. We moved forward at 5:80 a. m. , south, passing a dee]) ravine in front. As we ascended the next hill our skirmish- ers, under Captain Woodward, came in contact with the enemy and commenced firing. The enemy fell back nearly one mile, where our Brigade halted, except the skirmish- ers, who still continued to fight with the skirmishers of ANOTHER ACCOUNT OF THE BATTLE. 10? the enemy, about four hundred yards in our front and to our left. We then had three companies forward skirmish- ing 1 . Skirmishing is done by each man taking a tree, or any obstacle he chooses, to save himself, and shooting the enemy as best he can. keeping in front of the main body the distance he may be directed, three to four hundred yards. When we came to this point we halted to avoid the result of a heavy firing going on off to our right, and here it was that Lieutenant Chambers received his wound on the side of the head, a rod to my right. He fell and was carried back, but is in no danger now. About the same time young Reece was struck by a cannister across the breast, immediately under the nose of my horse, and fell dead. Our line was then faced to the west (three Regi- ments). Soon orders came to change our front to the south, to move up toward where our skirmishers were en- gaged with a heavy force of Infantry, Cavalry and a heavy Battery. We changed front. Captain TerrelFs fine Battery was directed to assist us. The 24th Ohio and part of the 15th Illinois then came into line with us on our left. I gave the command, -'Forward.** The woods here w T ere open, but we soon came out to some small fields, and my Regiment advanced from fence to fence, all down, however. At a third down fence, after we had crossed a small ravine, the Ohio Regiment lagging behind and the Illinois Regi- ment getting scattered and small, was where we had the deadly contest. Lieutenant Davis fell here by my left shoulder; he never spoke. Here is where my brave boys. Driver, Hunt, Houser and Robinson fell, the latter near me, the other three some distance to my left in the line. My horse was shot as we were advancing to this fence, after which I dismounted and took it on foot. In advance of this fence about fifty yards were two or three little old build- ings, to the right and front of the right of my Regiment, and I saw the rebels pressing down, evidently with a view- to gain those buildings. An Ohio Company somehow had then got to my right, and a fat Captain with them lay be- hind a bank with a down fence upon it. I asked him why he was not firing. He replied thai his muskets would not reach the enemy, which was not true. I then told him to advance to the old buildings, which he silently refused to 110 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. do. I then saw that we must gain those buildings, and said to First Lieutenant Freeman, who commanded Com- pany A, my Regiment, to command his Company and fol- low me to the buildings. God bless his brave soul ! he did it in double quick. We thus came within two hundred yards of the enemy, and here took place the most glorious scene, to me, that I saw during the day. To see Lieutenant Freeman's men drop the rebels faster than I could count them for about fifteen or twenty minutes ; this, with the steady firing on our side to my left and rear of the remain- der of my Regiment and part of the 24th Ohio. The enemy Was thrown into confusion and began to fall back. At this time we received orders to charge up the eminence upon Which they were situated, which my Regiment did in good order and in quick time, and when we arrived upon the summit all there was for us to see was dead rebels on the ground and traitors' heels turned up to us far in the dis- tance. Here ended our part in the greatest battle ever fought on this continent. While this desperate struggle was going on. Company C, under Captain Woodward and Lieutenant Holland ; Company B, under Lieutenant Shultz ; Company G, under Lieutenants King and McClung, with a few men from Company A under Sergeant Carr, as skir- mishers, were giving the right flank of the enemy Hail Co- lumbia in good order, and contributed largely to our suc- cess. I feel proud of my officers and men who engaged with me in this battle, and shall leave it for them to say whether I said ••Come," or ''Go, boys." We have heavy forces out today to see, if possible, where the traitors are in front of us. Unless they run. we will have another contest of imminent proportions. We are 40,000 stronger now than at the end of the battle on Mon- day evening. I will give you in my next some of the scenes and hardships of this contest. New Castle boys here gen- erally well. W. Grose. Number of killed, wounded and missing in the battle of Shiloh, April 6th and 7th, 1.S62, in the 36th Indiana: Officers killed. 1 ; men killed, 8 ; officers wounded, 1 ; men wounded, 35 ; total, 45. KILLED, WOUNDED AND MISSING. Ill Field returns of the several Divisions of the Army of the Tennessee, General U. S. Grant commanding, April 4th and 5th, 1862: Six Divisions; total present, officers, 1,987; men. 42,908; aggregate, 44,895; artillery pieces. 42 ; Division Staff not included. On the morning of the 6th of April Grant's forces present for duty must have been less than 40.000, and the casualties of that clay would reduce it at least 10.000 more. But the increase from Buell's Army, by Nelson's. Wallace's and Crittenden's Divisions, that arrived during the night of the 6th and were in position on the morn- ing of the 7th. would make the effectual strength of the Federal force on the morning of the 7th about as it was on the morning of the 6th, 38.000 to 40.000. General Beauregard officially reported that the Con- federates went into the battle with an effective force of 40.335. The casualties of the battle reported by the Confederates on their side were 1.723 killed. 8,012 wounded, 959 missing, total, 10.694. The Federal re- ports show their casualties of the battle at 1,754 killed. 8,408 wounded, 2.885 captured or missing, total, 13.047. This great battle was mostly in a woodland, no breast- works nor barricades on either side, but a fair open field fight and deadly at every point all the time. But few such battles were ever fought and so equally bal- anced. The Confederates were seeking it and knew it was coming and were ready and prepared. The Fed- erals did not know nor did not believe that there was to be a battle then, nor until it was upon them and they were forced into it, Hence the great advantage lo the Confederates and the corresponding disadvan- tage to the Federals in the beginning of the mighty contest, The endeavor has been to obtain the numbers engaged and loss on each side from the official reports of the proper officers as now published. The total 112 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. killed in this battle, as shown, was 3,477. It can safely be said that all of this number, not removed from the field by friends who could have the chance to do so, were decently buried, for a war burial ; and suppose that 477 bodies were shipped away by and to friends, it would leave 3,000 soldiers buried at Shiloh. The writer of these lines was in command of a burying de- tail and all bodies, found on the ground assigned were well buried, friend and foe alike. Missions of Mercy came in great numbers from far and near to care for the wounded and disabled, and none excelled our good friends of Indiana, with her Governor holding out his kind right hand, his voice saying. '-Take care of the soldier." CHAPTER IV. MOVEMENTS TOWARD CORINTH AND CAPTURE THEREOF - PURSUIT OF THE ENEMY — ABANDONMENT OF PUR- SUIT — MARCH TO IUKA. TUSCUMBIA, FLORENCE. ATH- ENS. AND RETURN TO NASHVILLE — MURFREESBORO - ADVANCE TO M'MINNVILLE — FIGHT WITH FORREST - BACK TO NASHVILLE AND LOUISVILLE. On the 12th of April General Halleck reached Pitts- burg Landing from St. Louis, and as Commander of the combined Armies of the Ohio and Tennessee as- sumed command, the former Commanders of each re- maining on duty under him. On the 30th of April General Halleck issued a field order placing General Thomas in command of the right wing, consisting of that officer's own Division (trans- ferred for the occasion to the Army of the Tennessee, and commanded by T. W. Sherman) and the Divisions of W. T. Sherman. Hurlbut and Davis. General Grant was "retained in general command of the district of West Tennessee," including his old Army Corps; but in the movement then making, was announced as second in command under General Halleck — a stroke of finesse on the part of the latter, virtually superseding a subor- dinate whose rising fame had previously excited his jealousy, but whom, although at this time under a heavy cloud, he dared not actually displace. General Buell remained in command of the center, and General Pope of the left. When the lines had fairly developed, and, with painful labor, began their slow approach to Corinth. Nelson found himself on the left of McCook. with Crittenden filling: the interval between himself and 114 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. Pope. By this time the Fourth Division had been strengthened by the 31st Indiana and 17th Kentucky, both of which Regiments had fought at Donelson under Lewis Wallace, and again at Shiloh in Hurlbut's Divi- sion, losing many men in each battle. The 17th Ken- tucky. Colonel John H. McHenry commanding, was as- signed to the Tenth Brigade. The latter still held the left, of Nelson's Division. On May 1st Colonel Grose became the commander of the Tenth Brigade on leaving the field of Shiloh. and so remained until May 30th, when he was specially de- tailed to the command of the Nineteenth Brigade of the same Division, when preparing for the assault on Cor- inth, and the two Brigades moved together upon the works of the enemy and entered the town with very small loss. Colonel Grose returned to the command of the Tenth Brigade July 17th. and continued to com- mand the same during its existence. On May 2d, at 6 a. m.. Nelson's Division moved by the ••Bark Road" toward Corinth, passing the camps of Wood and Thomas about three miles out. One mile be- yond them it took a new road on the left, corduroyed through a dense swamp, and at 2 p. m. went into bivouac on the Hamburg road, within ten miles of Corinth, and about the same distance from its last camping ground at Shiloh. Prom this on we moved by regular ap- proaches, as it was called by regular army officers, by much fatigue labor, building roads, works of defense, and skirmishing with the enemy, until the 29th, when, after the Tenth Brigade had enjoyed a comfortable night's rest, it was aroused at early dawn and moved to the front to relieve the Nineteenth Brigade, taking po- sition on the left of the Twenty-second Brigade, with its left resting upon the Corinth road. Mendenhall's Battery was so posted as to cover the road and the ap- GOVERNOR MORTON IN CAMP 115 proaches in our front. The work of making rifle-pits was hurried on until there was a continuous line of them extending along the front of our two Brigades, on the summit of a gentle slope, the western side of which, toward Corinth, was mostly open and cultivated. The enemy was in position beyond this western slope and a low marsh, in an elevated, sparse woodland, at a distance of about six hundred yards, with their Artillery well covered. Here, at intervals during the day. we carried on Artillery duels, until the enemy ceased tiring. in the afternoon. The tiring on both sides was heavy. It was here that Governor Morton came to us and spent several hours. The immediate commanding officer said to the Governor: "Too much danger for a Governor here." The response was. "Not more for me than for you.*' He did not seem to consider that the officer was there from duty and necessity, and the Governor from an anxiety to give his influence and encouragement to the success of the cause of his Government. It was only after considerable persuasion that the Governor was induced to take a safe and more retired position. Following is the report of Lieutenant Colonel Oliver H. P. Carey. 36th Indiana Infantry, of operations from May 2d to June 14th : Headquarters 36th Indiana Volunteers. I Iuka. Miss.. June 14. 1862. \ Dear Sir: In compliance with your order, I submit the following report of the operations of this Regiment from the time of its leaving Pittsburg Landing to the presenl date. On the morning of May 2d, the command of the Regiment was turned over to me. Colonel Grose having taken command of the Tenth Brigade in place of Colonel Ammen. who was absent on leave. On the same morning the Regiment was ordered to march with the Brigade toward Corinth. For several days thereafter the Regi- ment was engaged in fatigue duty, building roads. 116 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. bridges, etc. On the morning of May 7th we marched in the direction of Corinth, and encamped about five miles from the enemy's lines. For several days we were en- gaged in grand guard duty, when on the evening of May 10th we moved across Seven Mile Creek and encamped a few miles from Corinth. Prom that date to May 29th the Regiment was engaged constantly in constructing en- trenchments, picket duty, skirmishing with the enemy, and guarding trenches. On May 21st. while skirmishing with the enemy immediately in front of our entrench- ments. Private Michael Donner, of Company I, was severely wounded in the thigh by a musket bail from the enemy's pickets. On the morning of the 29th the Regi- ment was ordered, with the Brigade, which was then com- manded by General Ammen. to move forward toward the enemy's works. We took up a position in easy range of the rebel fortifications, and under cover of a heavy forest and a strong picket force, commenced the construction of rifle-pits and trenches. The Brigade threw forward a picket guard of six companies, consisting of two com- panies from the 24th Ohio, two from the 6th Ohio and two from the 36th Indiana, under command of Major Bennett, of the 36th. Early on the morning of May 30th, these skirmishers were ordered forward to the rebel works, which they found abandoned. These Companies were then deployed as skirmishers and moved through the rebel works, over the town, and formed into line beyond the Memphis & Charleston railroad, on the south side of Corinth, and were there at least one hour before any forces entered the towm. The Division of General Nelson, with the Tenth Brigade in advance, w T ere the first Federal forces to enter after these skirmishers. The Regiment, with the Brigade, moved back to camp in the evening, where it remained, doing only guard duty until the morn- ing of June 4th, when it was ordered on a forced march to re-enforce Generals Pope and Rosecrans. in the direction of Baldwin, Miss. , on the Mobile & Ohio railroad. After a fatiguing march, consequent upon the extreme heat of the weather, dusty roads, and scarcity of water, we arrived at the lines of General Pope, at Blackland, where we bivouacked until the evening of June 9th, when FROM SHILOH TO CORINTH. 117 we moved toward Iuka, by way of Jacinto, and where we arrived, after a very severe march, on the 1 1th. and have since been bivouacked. During al] this time the R sgimenl has been in fine order and ready at all times to promptly obey every order. Respectfully. O. H. P. Carey. Lieutenant Colonel commanding. T" General commanding Tenth Brigade. Following is the report of Colonel William Grose, commanding the Nineteenth Brigade : Headquarters Nineteenth Brigade. j Army of the Ohio. Near Iuka. Miss.. June 1<>. 1862. \ Sir: In compliance with orders I make the following brief report of the operations of this Brigade, composed of the 27th Kentucky, Colonel Charles D. Pennebaker; 6th Kentucky. Colonel Whittaker ; 9th Indiana. Lieutenant Colonel Blake, and 41st Ohio. Lieutenant Colonel Mygatt, from the time of leaving the field of Shiloh to the evacua- tion of Corinth and the determination of the pursuit of the enemy. As is shown by the reports of the respective Reg- imental commanders, herewith forwarded, the Brigade took up its line of march with the Division from the battlefield of Shiloh. on the 2d day of May. 1862, in the direction so as to approach Corinth from the northeast by short marches and approaches, assisting on the way in pickel and skir- mish duties, erection of entrenchments and fortifications. On the 28th of May. then entrenched about two miles to the northeast of the enemy's works at Corinth, the Brigade marched out to support the Twenty-second Brigade in a reconnoissance in force before Corinth. The enemy on this occasion were driven behind the creek in trout of Corinth, and to within three-quarters of a mile of their entrench- ments and guns, which advanced position was maintained by our forces. On the morning of the 30th of May I was placed in command of this Brigade, and on that morning, preceded by the Tenth Brigade, marched in order of battle in force, driving the enemy's pickets before us. and occu- pied Corinth, in line of battle to the left of the Tenth Bri- 118 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. ^ade, near the center of the village, inside the enemy's trenches and works, between 7 and 8 o'clock a. m.. the rear guard of the enemy leaving the farther side of the position as we approached, the Tenth and Nineteenth Brigades pre- ceded by the skirmishers under the command of Major Bennett, of the 36th Indiana. Nothing particular, except picket duty, occurred in which the Brigade took part until the 4th of June, when we left camp in pursuit of the enemy, with the Division, on the Baldwin road south, and advanced in the three following days about twenty miles, to a point four miles northwest of Boone vi lie. At this point, not coming up with the enemy, our pursuit terminated. In all movements and preparations for battle the officers and men of the Brigade under my a mmand have evinced promptness and patriotism worthy of the great cause in which they are engaged, of maintaining the good old gov- ernment that has served us so long and so well. For particulars more in detail I may respectfully refer to the reports of the Regimental commanders. I have the honor to be your most obedient servant. William Grose. Colonel commanding Nineteenth Brigade. To Captain ,J. M. Kendrick, A. A. G. On June loth the Tenth Brigade was commanded by General Ammen. who had lately been promoted, the Nineteenth by Colonel Grose, the Twenty-second by General Manson. The 23d Kentucky. Colonel Mundy in command, had now taken the place in the Tenth Brigade of the 17th Kentucky, which made the Tenth Brigade consist of the 36th Indiana. Lieutenant Colonel Carey ; oth Ohio. Lieutenant Colonel Anderson ; 24th Ohio, Colonel Jones ; 23d Kentucky. Colonel Mundy. which remained substantially together in the Brigade during the remainder of their service, with other Regi- ments afterward added. June 17th the Fourth Division marched from Iuka. During the day the sick in the ambulances suffered terribly from the intense heat and the dust ; and, for ON THE MARCH FROM IUKA. Mil that matter, so did all the troops. After fording Big Bear Creek, and when within a mile and a half of Buz- zard's Roost, or about four miles within the State of Alabama, the Brigade was overtaken by Captain Ken- drick, with orders from General Nelson to return in- stantly toward Iuka. which was threatened by a heavy body of rebel cavalry. It recrossed Bear Creek, and. after an exhausting day's march of fifteen miles, halted for the night an hour after dark, on the hill, one mile west of that stream. Hundreds of stragglers slept on the banks of the creek or by the side of the road thither. The Tenth Brigade remained in bivouac, in nearly the same position as that just noted, for three entire days. During this time it was paid off by Major Foote for the two months ending April 30th. After this delay we again marched east to Tuscumbia, at the Big Mountain Spring, or rather at the stream of water flow- ing from the mountain, where the Tenth Brigade re- mained for a few days, and on the 25th crossed the Tennessee River to the north at Jackson's Landing (so called from the fact that General Jackson here crossed his army in the war of 1812), and was ferried across the Tennessee by the Lady Jackson, a little stern- wheel steamer towing two barges. A circuitous march of three more miles through Florence, brought it to a pleasant camping place in a lliin belt of woods bor- dering the Tennessee River, about a mile above the town. On .June 26th, at :: o'clock a. m.. the march was re- sumed on the turnpike toward Athens and Huntsville. Seven miles brought the Brigade to Shoal River, where it bivouacked. <)n the morning of the 27th the Brigade moved for- ward and at ( .i a. m. the column came up wiih the rear 120 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. of Crittenden's Division, just moving out of his last night's camping place on Blue Water Creek, and there halted several hours to allow his trains to get ahead. The Brigade bivouacked at night-fall in a wood two miles west of Rogersville, after a total march of sixteen miles. On June 28th, passing through Rogersville at sun- rise, the column soon afterward overtook Crittenden's slow-moving train* agam, anl a drove of beef-cattle destined for the use of the troops at Huntsville. To- ward noon it forded Elk River, and early went into bivouac in an op an m3a:l:>w, after marching only eight miles. On June 29th, Sunday, the Tenth Brigade marched fifteen miles, through Athens, and at 1 p. m. encamped in a low piece of woods one mile east of the town. The troops complained greatly on account of having to march in the heat of the day. The Fourth Division remained in camp near Athens for two weeks, protecting one of the two lines of rail- road toward Nashville, which General Buell was labor- iously engaged in reopening, not merely as a necessary preliminary to his movement upon Chattanooga, but also as the only means left him of subsisting his army. The Tennessee River was no longer available for the latter purpose, while the great superiority of the rebels in Cavalry enabled them to cut his railroad communica- tions with Corinth almost at pleasure, and keep them constantly broken. While at Athens the troops re- ceived the outfit of clothing and rest much needed, and the entire Division celebrated the Fourth of July by a grand review at the county fair grounds a short dis- tance west of Athens. A diary says : ' ' We started from camp in line array and display, the Tenth Bri- gade in advance, for the fair grounds, but the dust was G AT ELK RIVER TUNNEL. 121 awful and a disappointment to those who had come out in the splendor of white collars and fancy cravats, as many had done, and the shining brasses of all of them ; they would have been as bright had they been Left untouched. But when upon the grounds all passed off well and to the delight of the many contrabands present. The poor class of citizens only were present, and when marching through the town the Union sol- dier was scowled at from almost every house." On the 9th of July the Brigade, for sanitary reasons, changed camp to a thin piece of woodland with dense under- brush, about two miles from Athens, near by a lovely spring with an excellent supply of good water. Next day the 36th Indiana. 6th and 24th Ohio received orders to march to Elk River tunnel, about twenty miles north of Athens, to clear a road through the tunnel for the passage of wagon trains, and ultimately to repair the railroad track, all under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Anderson. The detail marched seven miles that day and bivouacked for the night in a storm. The march was continued next morning at 4 a. m. and they reached the tunnel at 9 p. m. During the next day (the 12th) the tunnel and approaches were cleared, and on Sunday ( the 13th ) the expedition set out on its re- turn ; recrossed Elk River and halted for the night eight miles north of Athens. See forward for further movements. General Forrest's Brigade of rebel Cavalry, on Sun- day. July 13th, surprised Murfreesboro and captured the entire garrison, amounting to about one thousand men, under the command of Brigadier General T. T. Crittenden, originally the Colonel of the 6th Indiana In- fantry. This sudden and unexpected blow the "whole Army regarded as peculiarly humiliating. Moreover, it severed the only line of railroad communication which 122 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. General Buell had yet succeeded in re-opening with his base at Nashville, and jeopardized the safety of that post itself. To counteract this alarming change in the condition of affairs. General Nelson was ordered to march to Reynolds' Station, forty-three miles from Athens — which was as far south as the Tennessee & Central Alabama railroad had then been put in running order — and there take cars for Nashville, whence he was to move upon Murfreesboro and re-open communi- cation as speedily as possible. The Tenth Brigade had just received a greatly-needed supply of clothing, which was only partially distributed, but. as the emergency did not admit of a moment's unnecessary delay. Nelson placed himself at the head of that favorite command, ordering his other Brigades to follow, and at 8 a. m. on July 14th began a forced march northward. Lieu- tenant Colonel Anderson's expedition, just returning from Elk River tunnel, fell in with the column at Athens, after a rapid march that morning of about eight miles, and without waiting to rest or draw ra- tions, pushed on with the remainder of the Brigade. The men suffered intensely from the heat and several cases of sunstroke occurred, but it was nearly 9 p. m. before General Nelson halted for the night at a magnifi- cent spring on the Tennessee State line, fifteen miles from Athens. The troops slept by the roadside without going into regular bivouac, and resuming the march at half past 2 o'clock on the 15th, marched four miles and forded Elk River before sunrise, then snatched* a hurried breakfast on the outskirts of the village of Elkton and again pushed forward. At the end of fif- teen miles further the head of the column reached Pu- laski, where it went into bivouac on the banks of Rich- land Creek, and ambulances and wagons were sent back six miles toward Elkton to bring in the sick and feeble. LX ROUTE TO NASH VII.LK. L23 At Pulaski the 17th Kentucky was replaced in the Tenth Brigade by the 23d Kentucky, Colonel Mark Mundy commanding. July L6th a comfortable inarch of eighl miles broughl the troops to Reynolds' Station. By < s a. m. a long train of ears w;is in waiting, upon which they immedi- ately began embarking 1 , leaving- wagon trains and nearly all the baggage under guard of the 2nd Kentucky, which accompanied the Tenth Brigade from Athens, to follow by turnpike. Rebel guerillas had lately burned a bridge and destroyed a water tank near Reynolds' Sta- tion and the first ten miles a locomotive piloted the way. with General Nelson standing at the side of the engineer. Next followed a crowded train of freight and platform cars containing the 6th and 24th Ohio and Mendenhall's battery, and the 36th Indiana and 23d Kentucky on another train a short distance in the rear. About three miles south of Columbia an accident oc curred, caused by the breaking of an axle, which resulted in instantly killing Private John Collins, of the Ba1 tery, as he lay asleep under a cannon, and severely wounded two others, one of them a member of the 24th Ohio. "For a Eew minutes." so says a 6th Ohio diary. "General Nelson was almost beside himself with rage. lie pui both the engineer and conductor under arresl and did nol release them until after reaching Nash- ville. He struck one of them a ferocious blow in the face, denounced them as secessionists who were trying to murder his men. and threatened to hang them both before the sun wi'iit down.'" By his orders two of our boys were placed in charge of the train and ran it throughout the remaining forty four miles of our jour uey. The accident delayed us aboul three hours, and when we did start we moved very slowly, so that it was almosi midnight when we reached Nashville and 124 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. marched to a level meadow near the penitentiary and slept till morning. July 17th the Brigade camped near the same place it bivouacked the preceding night. July 18th, at 8 a. m., the Tenth Brigade started by rail for Murfreesboro, thirty miles distant. Numerous delays occurred in examining bridges before crossing, in leaving detachments as guards at three or four of the larger ones and in questioning some of the paroled prisoners, whom we met returning to Nashville, con- cerning the movements of the enemy. The train halted half a mile before reaching Murfreesboro, the troops disembarked, formed in column by companies and with arms at "right shoulder shift" marched rapidly into the town. They occupied it without firing a shot. The flag was hoisted over the court-house and a heavy picket force was thrown out in every direction. The remainder made themselves comfortable in the court- house and other deserted buildings fronting on the public square. July 19th the troops slept on their arms and were formed in line of battle at 3 a. m. This precaution was continued for several days. The 36th Indiana, 23d Kentucky and 24th Ohio moved to camping grounds in the southern suburbs of the town near the site of the railroad depot which Forrest had burned down. During the day troops began arriving from the direction of Shelby ville, Tullahoma and Wartrace and General Nelson compelled the citizens to return all the United States property which had come into their possession at the surrender on the 13th. July 21st the Regiment held the first dress parade since leaving Athens. It was witnessed by a large crowd of spectators, and the Regiments received uni- versal praise for their appearance and drill in the man- IN AND ABOUT MURFREESBORO. 125 ual of arms. General Nelson issued a proclamation re- quiring the planters in the vicinity of Murfreesboro to furnish next morning two hundred able-bodied work- hands, with one day's food and necessary implements for the construction of fortifications. This being the first official document with his signature as Major Gen- eral, the troops noted his promotion with satisfaction. By this date the 35th Indiana, 51st Ohio, 2d, 8th and 21st Kentucky, Konkle's Battery and detachments of the 7th Pennsylvania, and 3d and 4th Kentucky Cavalry were added to our numbers. Soon after sunrise on July 22d. a courier reached headquarters with the intelligence that a reconnoitering party of the 7th Pennsylvania Cavalry had been ambus- caded near Lebanon and cut to pieces. By half-past six o'clock six Regiments of Infantry of the Tenth Brigade, with the 2d Kentucky and 51st Ohio and one of Cav- alry, were on the march toward Nashville, with which all communication had been cut off during the night by the enemy. A short distance from Murfreesboro Nelson informed the troops as they marched past him that Nashville was regarded as in danger, and if the day's march should be a hard one, to remember that it was for the flag and make extra effort to keep up with the column. After marching some twenty- two miles they lay down by the roadside without having encountered the enemy, although it was known that bodies of men were hovering about at no great distance. After the evacuation of Corinth the Army of the Ohio was assigned to the task of liberating East Tennessee. General Buell had obtained General Halleck's permission to advance by the way of McMinnville and thence east over the mountains, and move upon Chattanooga from the north, but this was soon countermanded by Halleck, and General Buell was directed simply to occupy Mc- 126 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. Minnville. for the purpose of protecting Nashville and the line of the Nashville & Chattanooga railroad. It was then considered that a force thus posted would be within supporting distance of that portion of the Union Army the advance of which was at Battle Creek and near Bridgeport, on the Tennessee river. Hence, on August 1st, the Fourth Division broke camp at Mur- freesboro and marched east over Cripple Creek, through the village of Rreadyville, to Woodbury, in Cannon county, nineteen miles, and camped for the night. The force with the column embraced detachments of the 4th Kentucky and 7th Pennsylvania Cavalry, in advance, under Colonel Wynkoop, of the latter Regiment ; the Tenth Brigade, under Colonel Grose ; the 1st and 20th Kentucky, of the Twenty-second Brigade, to which was temporarily attached the 35th Indiana ; and a Brigade under Colonel Stanley M. Matthews, at that time com- posed of the 51st Ohio and 8th and 21st Kentucky. Colonel Hazen. of the Nineteenth Brigade, was left in command of the post of Murfreesboro. On August 2d, "By mistake," says a diary, "the bugler at Division headquarters blew the reveille at 1 o'clock a. m.. and was himself blown up for it by Nelson, who threatened to buck and gag him if he made another such blunder, cheating the men out of their needed sleep, etc." The column started at daybreak, and. climb- ing the long hill just east of Woodbury, gained the first plateau of the Cumberland Mountains, on which McMinn- ville is situated. It reached the latter place at dark, after a hard march of twenty-two miles, the Cavalry advance driving out a small body of Forrest's rangers. McMinnville is the county -seat of Warren county, and the terminus of a branch of the Nashville & Chattanooga railroad, through Tullahoma and Manchester. Although the secession element largely predominated, it was found OPERATIONS ABOUT M'MINNVILLE. 127 to contain several families of stanchly Union principles, prominent among whom were the Armstrongs and Cliffs. At 4 a. m. on August 4th, the Division marched to at- tack a band of rebel Cavalry, in the direction of Sparta. twenty-two miles distant. Fording Collins* River, three miles out, it reached Rock Island, after a rapid march of thirteen miles, found the bridge at that point de- stroyed, and was forced to cross at another ford, over Caney fork, a mile and a half below. The hill beyond was high and very steep, and by the time all the ar tillery and trains had got over, it was night-fall. The Cavalry, under Colonel Wynkoop. encountered several hundred rebels, with two pieces of cannon, and after a protracted but desultory skirmish, withdrew to a posi- tion nearer the Infantry supports. The following day. after proceeding five miles, it was suddenly counter- marched, and the whole force returned to McMinnville. Many hours were consumed in recrossing the artillery and trains, so that it was 9 p. m. when the Infantry went into bivouac, one mile from McMinnville. at the end of a long day's tramp of twenty-three miles. Forrest's Cavalry this day picked up more than one hundred stragglers of bur forces. On Sunday. August 17th. by orders of General Buell, General Nelson left McMinnville for Kentucky, which ended his command of the Fourth Division, thai he had trained and so well prepared for the service. On the 19th General Thomas arrived and assumed command of the troops in the vicinity of McMinnville. consisting at this time of the Fourth and Sixth Divi- sions. The latter command (General Wood's) was sta- tioned along the branch railroad to Tullahoma, which was now in process of repair. Thomas* own Division, which he had left at Decherd. temporarily under the charge of General Schoepf, came up in a lew days, 128 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. swelling his command to nearly one-half of the effect- ive force of the Army of the Ohio. On the 20th the 36th Indiana. 24th Ohio. 23d Kentucky and Mendenhall's Battery marched to Smithville. northward about eigh- teen miles, to look after a body of rebels reported to be in that vicinity. On the 21st the railroad was re- opened, and. for the first time in more than six months, a train of cars arrived from Tullahoma. Next day telegraphic communication was established by the same route, and the 51st Ohio moved on another guerrilla- hunting expedition toward Sparta. For a fortnight past the air had been full of rumors in regard to Bragg's aggressive purposes, developing a widespread feeling, not of insecurity precisely, but un- mistakably one of uncertainty and suspense. Buell, in truth, was fully apprised of the heavy concentration which the enemy had made in the vicinity of Chatta- nooga, and, with straitened means which were daily wasting, found himself placed in a purely defensive atti- tude. On the 24th of August Bragg crossed the Ten- nessee in force, at Harrison's, a few miles above Chatta- nooga, and began a rapid march northward, masking it. however, by heavy Cavalry demonstrations, which, for a few days, left it in doubt whether his objective was Nashville or some point still further in the rear of Buell's Army. On the night of the 23d orders reached McMinnville for a concentration of Thomas' forces with other Divi- sions at Altamont, about twenty miles southeast, there to contest the enemy's advance toward Nashville. Sim- ultaneously, a heavy force of the enemy was reported within seventeen miles of McMinnville. moving directly upon it, and General Thomas decided to evacuate the post as speedily as possible. But all of our forces re- turned from Altamont without any serious engagement. ENCOUNTER WITH FORREST'S CAVALRY. 129 On the 26th the Tenth Brigade (minus the 6th Ohio) started to conduct a large train to Murfreesboro. and when a few miles out they met the enemy's Cavalry. but with a couple of Regiments in battle line drove them steadily before them until night. Our Regiment lay in line so as to cover the large wagon train, and in the morning, no enemy in front, we marched forward in close and guarded shape, with one Regiment and one section of Artillery in the rear of the train, with orders to the Colonel to face to the rear in battle line at every stop, ready for Forrest if he should appear. The wagons moved two side and side, and the train was about one mile in length. As we approached the town of Woodbury, upon a high ridge called Round Mountain, overlooking the town, and the smoking, deserted camp of Forrest in the valley on our left, the column was halted to see if we could learn anything of Forrest. A short delay revealed where Forrest was. An orderly from the rear, and the noise of battle following, told where he was. *" Tennessee " carried the Brigade com- mander to the field of strife (a cornfield) faster than double-quick ; but Colonel Mundy. of the 23d Kentucky, had laid for them, and struck them hard, with the assist- ance of Major Mendenhall. with his section of Artillery. The right wing of the 36th was ordered up and reached the field in time for the pursuit. A Texas Regiment of the enemy was badly cut and mangled. They were big, fine-looking men, especially some of the wounded, who came under the care of the writer of these lines. The following documents will give the further facts of this small fight of an hour's duration : FROM THE 36TH REGIMENT. Colonel Grose, in command of the Tenth Brigade, * Name of General Grose's horse. 130 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. Fourth Division of the Army in Tennessee, left Mc- Minnville. it seems, with a train of four hundred wagons. going to Murfreesboro. Tennessee, for provisions. When some twenty miles west of MeMinnville, near Woodbury, he was attacked by General Forrest, the rebel chief, with from fifteen to seventeen hundred Cavalry, on the 27th of August. The rebel chief was repulsed handsomely by the brave men composing his command. We understood from a letter from John E. Holland to his father, that a soldier by the name of Samuel Moore, of the 36th, was killed near Murfreesboro. but he does not say how or in what engage- ment. He also states that Thomas Houck. of this place, was wounded in the shoulder near the same place. He was sent to Nashville. Bslow we publish the report of Colonel Grose to General Ammen, giving the result of the engagement with Forrest, etc. — [New Castle Courier. Murfreesboro. Tenn., August 30. 1862. General J. Ammen, MeMinnville, Tenn.: I arrived here this morning at 6 o'clock. The forces under my command had an engagement with General For- rest, between 3 and 4 o'clock p. m. on the 27th inst., at Round Mountain, two and a half miles from Woodbury. He made the attack upon my rear and as he supposed upon our train, but instead of my train his heavy force came in contact with the 23d Kentucky under Colonel Mundy. The enemy was handsomely repulsed, and with a portion of Captain Mendenhall's Battery, the right wing of the 36th Indiana and Colonel Mundy's Regiment we pursued and drove them over two miles, scattering them in every direc- tion. Our loss is four of the 23d Kentucky and one of Lieutenant Colonel Cochran's Cavalry wounded. The loss of the enemy is much larger. Your obedient servant. W. Grose, Colonel Commanding Tenth Brigade. John E. Holland Lieut. A. A. A. Gen. After this interruption, the Brigade pursued its jour- ney to Murfreesboro, and arrived with the train all safe. There the 6th Ohio rejoined the Brigade, and we set IN PURSUIT OF GENERAL BRAGG. 131 out for McMinnvUle, with the train of about four hun- dred wagons drawn by about 2,000 mules, four and six- mule teams, back Over the same field where we had played with Forrest, to the vicinity of McMinnville, all in good order, with rations for the hungry. There be- ing some trouble about Murfreesboro, the 6th Ohio and 23d Kentucky were immediately, with a part of the train, returned there, under command of Colonel John P. Jackson, of the latter Regiment. At this time a crisis had reached us in the campaign. On the 27th of August Bragg reached Dimlap. and mov- ing rapidly north up the Sequatchie valley, through Pikeville. was in Crossville. several miles north of the latitude of McMinnville. on September 1st. and passing Nashville by. was then moving through Sparta, on the route to Carthage, as if to strike Buell's line of com- munications at Bowling Green, with Louisville as his objective point. It was afterwards developed that such was the undertaking the rebel commander had proposed to himself. Within a week from the time Bragg crossed the Tennessee River, Buell had abandoned his whole line on the Memphis & Charleston Railroad, and was hasten- ing his forces northward for a concentration at Nash- ville. On September 1st the remainder of the Tenth Bri- gade. 36th Indiana and 24th Ohio, with the Fourth Divi- sion, left McMinnville for Murfreesboro. and there met Generals Crittenden's and Rousseau's Divisions, of the Army of the Ohio, and a portion of the Army of the Mississippi, under command of General R. B. Mitchell. Troops were arriving constantly and rapidly falling back on Nashville, where the Tenth Brigade arrived on September 6th, and thence, with the Army under Buell, we moved to the north by daily marches, passed Bowl- ing Green September 17lh. and camped off of the main 132 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. road to the east, looking out for Bragg' s people to our right. We traveled all next day to the right of the main road to the north, as side guards to the main col- umn, with trains and artillery upon the road, and reached near to Cave City in the night. On the 19th we moved upon a road three or four miles to the right. While the Fourth Division lay at and about Bowling Green. Bragg's forces were getting in position on the main route at and 'about Munfordsville, or more properly Woodsonville, where the capture by the enemy of Col- onel Wilder's command, four thousand strong, took place, and Bragg's Army was in full possession on the main road between Buell's Army and Louisville. This was our first attempt at retreat, with an enemy between us and our objective point. News of General Nelson's de- feat in Kentucky by Kirby Smith, the defeat of our Army in a second Bull Run. and desperate lighting still in progress about Washington, the National Capital, Louisville and Nashville, all in danger of being pos- sessed by the enemy, with Wilder's four thousand pa- roled men on the roadside as we were trying to move north to save our war equipments, stores and position at Louisville, made our prospects look gloomy, even to a 36th Indiana patriot. But such was our situation, and yet in thirty days thereafter we had all these points fully safe, the enemy on the run to save capture, and our people confident, more confident than ever, of main- taining the government and suppressing the rebellion. On the 16th of September Brigadier General William Sooy Smith succeeded to the command of the Fourth Division. He was a native of Ohio, where so many great men have been born. A finely-educated gentle- man, a graduate of West Point ; he had been Colonel of the 13th Ohio Infantry, and withal was a pleasant and competent commander of the Division. ARRIVAL AT LOUISVILLE. 133 On September 18th the provision train came up about 9 a. m. and the Fourth Division received half-rations for four days, which the hungry troops had scarcely had time to begin disposing of when they were hurried into line and began a slow and tedious march of twelve miles to strike the turnpike at Prewitt's Knob. This they did about 8 p. m., and found the whole of Buell's Army there concentrated. "It was a magnificent sight to look down upon in the darkness — thousands of camp- tires and swarms of soldiers, all up and down the valley as far as the eye could reach." Before daylight September 19th, Buell began posting his Army in line of battle, the enemy having been found in front in force. The Fourth Division moved four miles toward the Glasgow turnpike, and took position near the right of the line. Active skirmishing was kept up all day along the entire front. Sharing in what was unmistakably the general desire of the men, many of the officers were anxious to attack the enemy, who had been followed with such labor and hardship across one State and portions of two more, and strike the blow which, if successful, must prove his ruin ; but Buell deemed the hazard too great, and the majority of his Division commanders acquiesced in the decision. For two and a half days the situation remained un- changed; then it was discovered that Bragg had with- drawn across Green River, and Buell followed at once. On the 24th we marched through Elizabethtown to the west of north of the main road to Louisville, twenty-three miles, to within a few miles of West Point. The next day we crossed Green River, passed Wes1 Point and rested for the night, and on the 26th moved twenty miles, to Louisvillle. all in good condition except footsore and in need of supplies and rest, and at noon went into camp on Goose Island, between the canal and River. 134 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. Before our forces changed their direction near Eliza- bethtown, Bragg's forces had left the main road to the right from Prewitt's Knob toward Bardstown. where he was on the 25th of September, and the way open for the Union troops to assemble at Louisville and all danger was past, even of an attack by Bragg's Army. Upon this Island Governor Morton visited the Tenth Brigade and bid the boys good cheer, with the assur- ance that the danger point wa? past, that the Govern- ment would be maintained and the rebellion put down. On the morning of the 29th of September, while the Army was yet at Louisville, it was that the killing of General Nelson by General Davis, of Indiana, occurred. Both were excellent Union officers, skilled in the art of war. In a personal altercation Davis shot Nelson and he died in less than half an hour. This was an occur- rence that did our cause no good, and tended to do us harm with the community. It had no effect on the soldiers except regret. MAJOR ISAAC KINLEY. CHAPTER V. REORGANIZATION AT LOUISVILLE — THE BATTLE OF PERRYVILLE — PURSUIT OF BRAGG — WILDCAT — THE ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND — RETURN TO NASHVILLE. Daring it's short stay at Louisville, the Army of the Ohio was re-organized and divided into three Corps, respectively commanded by Major Generals McCook and Crittenden and Brigadier General Charles C. Gil- bert. General Thomas being made second in command of the whole Army. Gilbert, who had been Halleck's Inspector General during the advance on Corinth, was in no respect entitled to the important command which General Buell conferred upon him. and within a month was superseded by General Thomas. The Divisions of Smith. Wood and Van Cleve (the last-named being Crit- tenden's successor in command of the Fifth Division ) constituted the Second Corps, under command of Gen- eral Crittenden. But these changes were of much less consequence than the accession of nearly or quite 30,- 000 new troops to the war worn ranks of Bin41V Army, most of whom were distributed among the old commands — one or two Regiments to a Brigade. The Fourth Division received the 84th and 110th Illinois and the 90th Ohio, of which the first-named was assigned to the Tenth Brigade. This Regiment rendezvoused at Quincy. Illinois, mustered September 1st. L862, with an aggregate of nine hundred and forty-two, reached Louis- ville on the 26th of the same month, and was com inanded by Colonel Lewis H. Waters, an officer of sev eral months* experience as Lieutenant Colonel of another Regiment. 136 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. On Wednesday, October 1st. Buell's Army again turned its footsteps southward — newly clad, greatly rested, and confident of victory, if the enemy could but be brought to battle. It moved in five columns, the left on Frankfort and the right on Shepardsville. under instructions which contemplated a concentration at Bards- town, where the main body of Bragg's forces was sup- posed to be. The Fourth Division formed part of the heaviest of these columns, and this day marched seven miles, directly out on the Bardstown turnpike. The ad- vance, under General Sill, found rebel Cavalry within six or eight miles of Louisville, and had a skirmish at Floyd's Fork. On October 2d, the Fourth Division (whose movements our brief record must henceforth be understood to chronicle, unless otherwise specified) marched eleven miles to Floyd's Fork. Sharp skir mishing occurred a few miles ahead, with half an hour's rapid cannonading about noon. On October 3d we marched eleven miles, through Mount Washington, to a position where the advance Divisions had formed in line of battle, just beyond Salt River, in consequence of vigorous opposition from the rebel outposts. On October 4th we marched eight miles to a creek within six miles of Bardstown. which place Wood's advance entered late in the afternoon, driving out the enemy's rear-guard. Polk, whose Corps it was that had there been posted, fell back toward Harrodsburg and Bryantsville. Next day the Division marched through Bardstown to a camping place two miles beyond, and on the 6th. nineteen miles to Cart- wright Creek, two miles west of Springfield. Buell was now pressing upon Bragg, seemingly to bring him to battle. On the 7th we marched twenty-two miles, through Springfield and Hayesville, to Rolling Fork, four miles H THE BATTLE OF PERRYVILLE. Ldi to the right of the road to where it was found neces- sary to obtain water. The weather was warm and dry, and we were skirmishing continuously most of the day. The enemy was at Perryville in force. On the morn- ing of the 8th our Division moved toward the turnpike four miles distant, and while resting and waiting for our trains and Artillery to get upon the road the roar of battle was heard a couple of miles to our left and front, It was soon learned that the left of our line was in conflict with the enemy. Smith's Division rapidly moved forward. Our Cavalry in front cleared the way for two or three miles. During that time Mc- Cook's Corps came up and advanced to the left of Gil- bert's forces and was soon in bloody conflict with the enemy, and most of Gilbert's forces were closely en- gaged. The chief force of the enemy was pressing heavily upon McCook's left with terrible loss on both sides. It was now about 2 o'clock. Terrell's Brigade of new troops were under a heavy pressure, and with superior numbers was forced back in confusion. Crit- tenden's Corps was on the right. Smith's Division on the right of the Corps and the Tenth Brigade, with 36th Indiana, on the extreme right of the line of bat ile. About 11 a. m. General Smith formed his Division directly across the turnpike, leaving a wide gap between him and Gilbert's Corps, with a view to hold the road until the Divisions of Van Cleve and Wood would eome up and till the interval to the left of the Fourth Divi- sion, which they did during the afternoon. From that time until night Crittenden's Corps virtually lay idle for want of orders to advance, in plain view from the elevated heights at the right of the Union lines, nothing between Smith's Division and Perryville but a skirmish line of the enemy's Cavalry. One hour's w T ork. and 138 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. Crittenden's two right Divisions could have been in pos- session of Perryville, upon the transportation line of the enemy, and at once put a stop to the bloody fighting to the left of our line with McCook's and Gilbert's Corps. But no orders came, though the night did come, and Crittenden's Corps did not move on Perry- ville. At night the battle on our left ceased, and dur- ing the night Bragg's forces withdrew through Perry- ville and were out of our reach the next morning. During the night 'orders came to move at early dawn, which was promptly done, and in forty minutes the Tenth Brigade was in Perryville, without firing a gun and the enemy well out of the way. The Union loss was serious. General Jackson and General Terrell, two of Kentucky's best and most gallant officers, were among the killed, and, as reported by General Buell, there were 916 killed, 2,943 wounded, and 489 missing; total loss, 4. 348, mostly trained and disciplined soldiers ; an exceedingly large number for the troops severely engaged. It has been difficult to ascertain the loss of the enemy with any correctness, but in prisoners and deserters it was very large, and perhaps in killed and wounded about as ours, or a little less. It was common to hear the battle of Perryville spoken of by the Union people and soldiers as having been delivered by Bragg with the object of saving his trains, laden with the spoils of three or four weeks, un- disturbed occupancy of the richest portions of Central Kentucky. But it is difficult to believe that this was the limit of Bragg's hopes or expectations. . When he decided to stand and fight at Perryville, he imagined Buell's Army to be much more widely scattered than it really was, and was especially deceived in regard to the strength of the Union column directed upon Prank- fort. Flushed with the confidence begotten of six FOLLOWING BRAGG FROM PEKKYVILLE. 139 weeks* unwavering success, lie seems at that time not yet to have abandoned the hope of wintering in Ken- tucky, and probably supposed he could here begin the task of beating Buell's Army in detail, though he had but five Divisions on the field himself. A brief but desperate collision convinced him of his error, where- upon he hastily retired toward Harrodsburg. to form a junction with Kirby Smith; thence, on the 11th. to Bryantsville and Camp Dick Robinson, behind Dicks River, and on the 13th began a rapid march for Cum- berland Gap. whither the bulk of his immense trains had been dispatched immediately after the battle. During these five days — from the 9th to the 13th of October, inclusive — Buell threw away the grand oppor- tunity of the campaign. It is true that his Army had been roughly handled at Perryville. but scarcely more so than his antagonist's, which was less able to lose three thousand men than the Army of the Ohio its four thousand. It is certainly true that General Buell did not rise on this occasion to the level of his high at- tainments in the military profession, his great talents for organization and moving large bodies of troops, and his record at Shiloh. The pursuit of Bragg was timid and allowed him to escape from Kentucky. The Fourth Division joined in the pursuit on to Dan ville, toward Camp Dick Robinson, through Stanford. Crab Orchard and across Rockcastle River. Early on the 17th we ascended the mountain to Camp Wildcat the Tenth Brigade in advance. The 36th Indiana de- ployed through the woods as skirmishers, pressed the rebel rear-guard with a stubborn resistance and lost four men killed and wounded. The enemy suffered an equal or greater loss, besides their loss of many pris- oners. On the 19th the Tenth Brigade moved to Nelson's Cross Roads, and the next day on to the Man- .140 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. Chester road, then but forty-five miles from Cumberland Gap. By this time the enemy was out of reach and the Brigade returned to Nelson's Cross Roads. After arming loyal mountaineers with captured arms, and picking- up rebel stragglers, the Fourth Division coun- termarched to Rockcastle River. Colonel Grose was absent sick for a couple of weeks about this time, which left Colonel Fred Jones, of the 24th Ohio, in command of the Brigade. After passing Crab Orchard the Division had received the surrender of six or seven hundred rebel soldiers and captured four or five hun- dred fat cattle from the supply train of the enemy that they were endeavoring to take with them from Ken- tucky. On the 24th of October the Division re-crossed Rockcastle River, marched to Mount Vernon and Buck Creek, thence to Somerset. This march, for suffering and hardship, was not surpassed by Valley Forge or the retreat from Moscow. We had no tents nor shelter, no axes to cut wood, were stinted in supplies and poorly clad, many were without shoes and tied clothing about their feet. We marched through frozen slush, snow and ice, leaving bloody footprints wherever we trod. The historian of the 84th Illinois has it as fol- lows : "Our men were scantily clothed, for the weather had been very warm for a few days after leaving Louis- ville, and finding themselves overloaded, they had thrown away all except one suit. Many were now nearly bare- footed, and some had been so unfortunate as to lose their blankets, or have them stolen by the older Regi- ments. We were the only new Regiment in the Bri- gade, and during the whole campaign our verdancy gave them frequent occasion for mirth and ridicule ; and from our men many were so unprincipled as to steal nearly everything not actually fastened to their persons.'" MANEUVERING ABOUT NASHVILLE. 14] On the 28th of October we marched to Fishing Creek, the next day passing the Mill Springs' battle ground! where the merit and fame of General Thomas began, thence to Wolf Creek and on to Columbia. While en- camped there, upon the banks of Russell Creek, the news came that on the 30th of October, the day before, General Buell had been superseded by General Rose- crans. The designation of the Army was now changed to the title which it bore with such pride and honor to itself in the war— the Army of the Cumberland. Crit- tenden's Corps became the "Left Wing.- McCook's the ••Right Wing.- and Thomas" the ••Center/" On Sun- flay. November 2d, the Fourth Division inarched twenty miles to Edmonton; on the 3d, twenty -two miles to Glasgow; on the 8th, twenty-two miles to Scottsville; on the 9th, three miles further, for better camp grounds ; on the 10th, twelve miles, to the Tennessee State line; on the 11th, seventeen miles, to within five miles of Gallatin, and on the 12th through Gallatin, across the Cumberland by a shaky bridge of trestles and loose boards, which had been hastily improvised by Wood's Division, and eight miles beyond, to the Lebanon turn- pike. On the 13th the Division moved three miles nearer Nashville to rejoin the remainder of Crittenden's Corps at Silver Springs. Here Colonel Grose mad., some changes in the Brigade stall. Captain South-ate of the nth Ohio, was appointed Acting Assistant Adju- tant General, Captain Irwin of the same Regiment. Bri- gade Inspector. They were two excelled officers and trusty soldiers. On the L9th the Division changed camp twelve miles, passing by the Hermitage, to within eighl miles of Nashville, and again on the 26th to within three miles of thai city, on the Murfreesboro turnpike. Thus the Army of the Ohio was between Bragg and the City of Nashville, which, no doubt, was his object- 142 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. ive point when he was compelled to leave Kentucky. His main force was then at Murfreesboro. and he ex tended his tormenting lines as he deemed most advan- tageous to his cause and the annoyance of the Union troops. Most of his Cavalry were annoying the Union force at Nashville, under General Negley. On the 7th of November, 1862, General Rosecrans an- nounced in general order No. 8 the re-organization of the Army, assigning General Thomas to the command of the Centre, comprising the Divisions of Rousseau, Negley. Dumont, Pry, and Palmer ; General McCook to the command of the Right Wing, and General Critten- den to the command of the Left Wing. Soon after he gave the Divisions of Sheridan, Sill and Woodruff to General McCook, and those of Wood. Smith and Van- Cleve to General Crittenden. Subsequently Generals R. W. Johnson and J. C. Davis commanded in place of Sill and Woodruff, and John M. Palmer in place of Smith. Thus the Division of Palmer was the old Fourth of Nelson. and by this change became the Second Divis- ion of the Left Wing. / CHAPTER VI. STONE RIVER CAMPAIGN — DISPOSITION OF FORCES FORWARD MOVEMENT — BATTLES OF DECEMBER L M .». 1862, AND JANUARY 2, 1863. When General Rosecrans ordered the advance of his Army, on the 20th of December, 1862, the disposition of the enemy's force was well known; Generals Polk's and Kirby Smith's Corps were at Murfreesboro, thirty miles from Nashville, with an advance at Stewart's Creek and La Vergne ; and General Hardee's Corps was on the turnpike road between Triune and Eagle- ville, with detachment thrown forward. As it was the prerogative of the enemy, being on the defensive, to choose his own battle-field. General Rosecrans gave pos- itive orders to each of the commanders of his Right Wing, Centre and Left Wing, to General McCook to move with his three Divisions — Johnson's, Davis' and Sheridan's, by the Nolensville turnpike to Triune ; Gen- eral Thomas, with Rousseau's and Negley's Divisions and Walker's Brigade, to march on the Franklin and Wilson turnpikes, threaten Hardee's left, and then to cross by county roads to Nolensville; and General Crit- tenden, to advance on the direct road (turnpike) from Nashville to Murfreesboro. At Nolensville General Thomas would be in position to support either wing, as might be needed, and General McCook was ordered to attack Hardee at Triune, as soon as Thomas should reach Nolensville. Should Bragg re-enforce Hardee against McCook. then Thomas was to move to his sup- port. If Hardee should retreat and the enemy meet Crittenden in force, then Thomas was to re-enforce him, 144 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. and move upon the left flank of the enemy, and Mc- Cook. after detaching a Division, was to pursue Hardee, or at least observe him ; and Hardee out of the way. then to move to the left, to the rear of Thomas and Crittenden. The movements as ordered begun on the morning- of the 26th of December. We regret that neither space nor time will allow us to follow in detail the action of the Right Wing and Center, as it is our duty to nar- rate more particularly the part taken by the Left Wing, in which the 86th Indiana did its share. The Left Wing, under Crittenden, then consisted of the three Divisions of Wood, Palmer and Van Cleve, afterwards numbered First, Second and Third, of the Left Wing. Palmer's Second Division comprised the following troops: First Brigade (formerly Twenty- second), Brigadier General Charles Cruft commanding, 1st and 2d Kentucky, 31st Indiana and 90th Ohio, and Battery B, 1st Ohio Artillery, under Captain Standart. Second Brigade (formerly Nineteenth), Colonel Hazen commanding. 41st Ohio, 9th Indiana, 6th Kentucky and 110th Illinois ; and Battery F, 1st Ohio Artillery, under Captain Cockerill. Third Brigade (formerly Tenth), Colonel Grose com- manding, 36th Indiana, 6th and 24th Ohio, 23d Kentucky and 84th ■ Illinois ; and Batteries H and M, 4th United States Artillery, officered by Lieutenants Par- sons, Cushing and Huntington, and consolidated for the time being under the command of the first-named. On the morning as stated in orders, the entire Army moved in the main as ordered, the Left Wing on the Murfreesboro turnpike, the Third Brigade in front, with heavy skirmishing. Crittenden advanced that day to La Vergne, over a rough country of forest and cedar- brakes, twelve miles. All the Regiments contributed ENROUTE TO STONE RIVER. 145 their portion as skirmishers and flankers. On the 27th Wood's Division had the lead. Hascall's Brigade in front at the start, but soon had to be deployed and helped by the artillery to advance, but steadily drove the enemy during the day to Stewart's Creek, saved the bridges and bivouacked at the creek. Groses Brigade took position on the extreme right of the Corps in line. and the Oth Ohio was thrown forward as a picket line. The next day, Sunday the 2sth. there was no move by the Left Wing, and all were disposed to rest on the Sabbath day and keep it holy, and to watch and shoot the enemy if he came in the way. Toward evening the pickets became friendly and exchanged newspapers and tobacco for coffee. It was rather expected that the enemy might give us battle at this creek, but when the Left Wing advanced on Monday morning there was but little resistance. We must relate here an incident in which the 6th Ohio boys took part. On Sunday, or Sunday night, while on picket duty, they crossed the creek, passed the rebel picket line, up a ravine that came down to the creek, at the head of which, by a farm house, was a spring and milk house, well supplied with milk and but- ter by the farm lady. They removed all the luxuries from the milk house, and returned down the ravine, through the rebel picket line, re-crossed the creek waist deep, and to their picket post, where there enjoyed the fruits of their labor. On Monday, when our lines moved forward over the same rough bluffs of the creek, after the Brigade commander had crossed the creek, following our lines that were driving the Johnnies, a 6th Ohio boy instructed him kindly that he could, go up that ravine and get handily on to the uplands. The advice was followed, and as he and staff passed a milk and farm house at the head of the ravine, the Union 146 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. lines driving the rebels, a lady appeared slapping her hands and exclaiming, ' ' Goody, goody, glory, I am glad to see you driving them rebel thieves ; hope you will kill 'em all ; they stole all my milk and butter last night. " Grose's Brigade, which this day had the advance upon the right of the turnpike, was formed in two lines, of which the 36th Indiana, 84th Illinois and 23d Ken- tucky were in first front, line ; the 6th and 24th Ohio constituted the second, and marched laboriously in line of battle across the country, abreast of a Brigade from Wood's Division on the opposite side of the road, forded Overall's Creek, and late in the day halted two hundred yards before reaching a brick house, then in flames, sit- uated in the midst of a large cleared space near the point where the railroad crosses the turnpike. This was the famous "Cowan's Burnt House," as it has so often been called in the reports of the battles of Stone River. Prom beyond it a strong line of rebel skirmish- ers had already fired two or three defiant volleys, wounding Corporal Joseph Reel, of Company A, 6th Ohio, and two men in the 84th Illinois ; while, as it af- terward proved, the enemy's main line was intrenched but a short distance behind the railroad, directly in front. The following official reports give as accurate de- scriptions of the movements of the 36th Indiana Regi- ment as could be written : Headquarters Third Brigade. Second Division. Left Wing, Army of the Cum- berland. NEAR MURFREESBORO. TENN.. January 8. 1S63. Captain I). W. Norton, Acting Ass't Adff Gen.. Second Divi: Sir : In accordance with duty I have the honor to sub- mit the report of the part this Brigade, under my command. COLONEL GROSE'S OFFICIAL REPORT. 147 took in the recent battles before Murfreesboro. The live Regiments, 36th Indiana, Major Kinley ; 6th Ohio. Colonel Anderson; 24th Ohio. Colonel Jones; 84th Illinois. Colonel Waters, and 23d Kentucky, Major Hamrick. aggregate officers and men. 1,788, left our camp near Nashville De- cember 26, 1862, with the Division, and bivouacked that night in front of La Vergne. twelve miles distant. Next day, the 27th, w y e moved to the west bank of Stewart's Creek, five miles, and my Brigade was put in position in front, to the right of the pike, the pickets of the enemy separated from ours by the creek. With light skirmishing, we rested here until Monday morning, the 29th, wiien we received orders and moved forward in double lines of battle, the 36th Indiana and K4th Illinois in the front line, wading Stewart's Creek, waist deep to most of the men. to within two and a half miles of Murfreesboro. where we arrived near sunset, with skirmishing all the way, which was only ended by the close of day. We there rested for the night. At early morn skirmishing again commenced and contin- ued during the day with more severity than before, the Artillery taking a heavy part. This again ended with the day. Up to this time the loss in my Brigade w T as ten wounded. During the night the Brigade was relieved from the front by the Brigade of Colonel Hazen. and retired to the rear to rest and to be held in reserve. Thus, on the bright Wednesday morning, December 31st. the Division, under command of its brave General, at early day was in battle line, the Brigade of General Cruft on the right, that of Colonel Hazen on the left, both in double lines, with my Brigade in reserve in the rear of the center, within sup- porting distance, with the Batteries of Cockerill and Par- sons in position to support the lines. While we were per- fecting our lines in the morning, the Divisions of General Negley and General Rousseau tiled by my rear through a heavy cedar grove which lay in the rear of General Cruft's Brigade and immediately to the right of my Brigade. The Brigade of Colonel Hazen w r as in an open cotton field, the pike dividing his left from the Division of General Wood, the lines of these tw T o Divisions resting nearly perpendicu- lar to the pike. The engagement had been raging fiercely some distance 148 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. to our right during the early morning, and at near 8 o'clock the clash of arms to our right had so far changed position that I saw the rear of my Brigade would soon be endan- gered. Hence I set about changing my front to the rear. which was done in quick time, with the left, when changed. a little retired to support Colonel Hazen's Brigade, then closely engaged with the enemy, our two Brigades forming a V. My Brigade was not more than thus fronted to the rear before the enemj^ appeared in heavy lines, pressing our forces that had been engaged to the right of our Divi- sion on our new front into fearful confusion. In this new formation the 6th Ohio and 36th Indiana were in the front line, the latter on the right, supported in the second line by the 84th Illinois and 23d Kentucky, with the 24th Ohio in an oblique form a little to the right of the rear line. In this shape the 36th Indiana and 6th Ohio advanced into the woodland about two hundred and fifty yards, and there met the enemy in overwhelming numbers. Here Major Kinley, Captain Shultz and others of the 36th Indiana fell, the for- mer badly wounded, the latter killed. Colonel Anderson, of the 6th Ohio, was here wounded, and his Adjutant, A. G. Williams, and Lieutenant Foster fell dead, with several others of their comrades. These two Regiments were forced from the woodland and retired to the right in the direction of the pike, while the other three Regiments, aided by the eight-gun Battery commanded by Lieutenant Parsons, with the efficient aid of Lieutenants Huntington and Cushing. poured a galling fire into the ranks of the pur- suing enemy, causing him to break in confusion and retire back to the woods out of our reach, leaving the field cov- ered with dead and dying, with the heavy loss of the 36th Indiana and 6th Ohio lying mingled with them on the bloody field. After some half or three-quarters of an hour the enemy renewed his attempt to advance, but was again re- pulsed with heavy loss on both sides. After this, then be- tween 11 and 12 o'clock, the enemy not longer appearing in our immediate front, the lines of our forces that had retired or been driven from the right, by this time were re-formed parallel with the pike, so that the front of the Brigade was again changed so as to assist the Brigade of Colonel Hazen, in the direction as formed in the morning. The 24th Ohio COLONEL GROSE'S OFFICIAL REPORT. 149 and 36th Indiana, were soon thrown forward near the pike and had a terrible conflict with the enemy. Here Colonel Jones and Major Terry fell, and were carried from the field in a dying condition. Each Regimenl of the Brigade, from this on until night closed the awful scene, alternately took its part in holding the position that we occupied in the morning. The enemy having gained the heavy cedar wood to the right of where we first took position in the morning, it became necessary to so change our position as to not be in reach of small arms from that woodland, hence at night- fall the center of the front line of the Brigade lay on the pike and diagonally across the same, fronting to the south- east, our left resting at the right of the lines of General Wood's Division. We were then a little retired, the center of the Brigade about two hundred and fifty yards to the left of where we commenced in the morning. We ceased fight- ing for the night in the front lines on the pike. During the day each of the Regiments, having exhausted its supply, had to replenish its ammunition, many of them haying fired over one hundred rounds. When Major Kinley, of tin 1 36th Indiana, fell, nearly at the commencement in the morning. the command of the Regiment devolved upon Captain Woodward ; and upon the fall of Colonel Jones and Major Terry, of the 24th Ohio. Captain Weller was left in com- mand. Although I was at Shiloh and commenced in that battle at the head of General Buell's Army and fought through- out that battle with that Army, yet this battle of the last day of the old year was by far the most terrible and bloody (in my command) that I have ever witnessed. During the latter part of the night, or rather in the early morning of the first day of January, our whole line was retired, for a more eligible position, six or seven hundred yards, and my Brigade was relieved from th s front and retired lor rest. During Thursday. .January 1st. 1863, we were ordered across to the north bank of Stone River to support a Di- vision on the extreme left of our line, there situate, an at- tack being anticipated in thai direction, but returned to our resting place before night, no attack being made that d On the next day, January I'd. in the forenoon, we were .150 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. again ordered across the river to support the Division there in position with its right resting on the river's bank, and its lines (double 1 lines) formed at right angles to the river, extending therefrom about one-half mile. The river below the right of the Division line about eight hun- dred yards changes direction, running about one- half mile in the rear and nearly parallel to the lines of the Division formed as above. When my Brigade arrived on the ground I was requested to put it in position so as to protect the left flank of the Division referred to, and repel any attack that might be made in that direction. The 23d Kentucky was posted to the left of the Division spoken of, about two hundred yards retired; the 34th Ohio three hundred yards to its rear, fronting same way; the 36th Indiana to the rear of the 24th Ohio, fronting diagonally to the flank of the other two. The right of the 36th distant from the left of the 24th about one hundred and fifty yards, and with direc- tions specially given to each of these Regiments to change front as the exigencies of the occasion might require in case of an attack. The 84th Illinois and 6th Ohio were placed 150 yards from the left of the 36th Indiana in one line, fronting the same direction as the 24th and 23d, as well as in the same direction as the Division posted as above, to our right and front. The right of the 81th Illi- nois rested on the bluff at the river, with the 3d Wisconsin Battery near the left and front of the 84th. The 6th Ohio was on the left of the 84th Illinois. Thus in position I took precaution to have each Regiment hurriedly throw before it barricades of such materials, fences, buildings, etc., as were at command. About 3:30 o'clock p. m.. the enemy came against the Division to my front and right (as above shown in position) in strong force, perhaps in three lines, and with three Batteries distributed along the front, and a heavv contest ensued which lasted from one- half to three-fourths of an hour, when the lines of the Di- vision gave way in considerable confusion, retiring toward the river and many of them breaking through the lines of my Brigade. I went to my front Regiments and superin- tend the changing of their fronts respectively, so as to meet the enemy the best we could coming from an unex- pected direction, which to some extent threw the 23d Ken- COLONEL GROSJE'S OFFICIAL REPORT. 151 tucky and 24th Ohio, my advanced front Regiments, into confusion and caused them to retire toward the left of the main line of the Brigade, but they kept up a strong fire on the advancing enemy as they retired. The 36th Indiana changed its front, and as the enemy's lines came near, it opened on them a deadly fire. But on they came until in reach of the 84th Illinois and 6th Ohio behind their barri cades, when both these Regiments saluted them with a terrible fire, and by this time all my Regiments were en- gaged. The masses of the enemy here began to falter and soon broke in disorder and commenced their flight back over the farm they had so fiercely advanced upon, pursued by the 36th Indiana, 23d Kentucky and 24th Ohio to the line occupied by the out picket posts/>f the Division before the battle commenced. Here night overtook us. the battle was over and the enemy was gone beyond the reach of our guns. Colonel Hazen's Brigade arrived across the river to our rear to support us about the time of the enemy's retreat, and moved forward with the 84th Illinois closely after my pursuing Regiments to give assist- ance if needed. Some other forces collected or crossed the river to my right and moved up the river bank in pur- suit of the enemy as my Regiments advanced. What forces these Were I have not learned. The Battery posted near the Brigade at the commencement of this day's fight, fired a few rounds, took a hasty leave from the field, and I have not made its acquaintance since. [^Artillery from the oppo- site side of the river rendered valuable aid by playing upon the enemy, both in his advance and retreat. Our loss this day was not large compared with that of the 31st, but that of the enemy was heavy. I cannot too favorably notice the coolness and prompt- ness of each and every field officer of the Brigade. They seemed to vie with each other which should most promptly execute every command, without regard to danger, ami the line officers and the men of the respective Regiments ap- peared to fear or know no danger. New and old regi- ments alike acted the heroic part, and braved every peril. Captain Weller, in command of the 24th Ohio, fell at his post on the last battle field, and left Captain Cockerill in command, who bravely and skillfully fulfilled his whole 152 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. duty, and as much may be said of Captain Woodward, who succeeded to the command of the 36th Indiana upon the fall of Major Kinley, at a critical and perilous moment in the first day's engagement. I am under lasting obligations to my Staff and Order- lies, for their efficient assistance during these several days' fighting. Captain Peden, 36th Indiana, is entitled to great 'Credit for the aid rendered me up to the time he fell, wounded, on the 31st. Lieutenant J. P. Duke of the 23d Kentucky, also on my Staff, deserves a high mead of praise for promptness and aid rendered me at all times during the whole of these engagements. Dr. Silas H. Kersey, acting Brigade Surgeon, with unsurpassed indus- try and skill, has rendered invaluable assistance to the suffering wounded. My mounted Orderlies, Prank Brough. Prank Webb. Albert Wood. William D. Smith, Martin Mann, and Lewis Miller. of the 2nd Indiana Cavalry. George Shirk, and Isaac Bigelow. of the 36th Indiana Infantry, rendered me valuable services. But I am left to remember and lament with friends the fall, in this mighty struggle for human prowess, such brave spirits as Colonel Jones, Major Terry, Captain Weller. Captain Shultz, Captain King. Ad- jutant Williams. Lieutenant Poster. Lieutenant Ball. Lieu- tenant Abercrombie and others whose earthly conflicts have closed with these battles. I may truthfully add that I mourn with those that mourn, over these irreparable losses. To the brave wounded whose fate may or may not be uncertain, you have my earnest prayers for a speedy restoration. The casualties of the Brigade, as near as can be ascer- tained, are as follows: REGIMENTS. OFFICERS KILLED. officers w'nded. MEN KILLED. .M EN W'NDED. MEN MISSING. TOTAL. 24th Ohio 4 4 10 68 12 23d Kentucky. . . . 3 8 50 22 83 84th Illinois 2 5 1 1 9 8 167 36th Indiana • > 6 23 85 18 134 6th Ohio 2 4 23 134 14 177 Totals 10 22 97 456 74 659 Lists of which, with the reports of the Regimental Com- i OFFICIAL REPORT OF CAPTAIN WOODWARD. L53 manders, for further details, are herewith forwarded. I have the honor to remain your obedient servant, W. Grose, Col. Commanding Third Brig. (Old Tenth). THE BATTLE OF STONE RIVER — REPORT OF CAPTAIN woodward. Headquarters 36th Reg*t Ind. Vols.. / January 6. 1H63. i Colonel W. Grose, Commanding Third Brigade: Sir : It devolves upon me, as the temporary commander of the 36th Regiment, to report the part taken by it in the recent engagements before Murf reesboro, and on the march thither. On the 28th ult.. we bivouacked on the west bank of Stuart's Creek, ten miles from Murfreesboro, and in sight of the enemy's Cavalry pickets. At an early hour the next morning. 29th ult., we moved forward in line of battle, and arrived within sight of the enemy's rifle-pits, two and a half miles from Murfreesboro, at 4 o'clock p. m. There we retained our position in front, the Regiment doing picket duty on the night of the 29th, and losing one man of Company D, wounded. We retained our position in front during the day and night of the 30th ult., losing one man of Company I. We were relieved on the morning of the 31st ult., by the 9th Indiana Regiment, and at daylight of the same day our Regiment was called out under arms, expecting to partici- pate in a general attack on the enemy's position at Mur- freesboro. Just as we had formed our line, and were pre- paring to advance, a terrific fire on the right of our posi- tion disclosed the fact that the battle had opened. In compliance with orders from you. my Regiment counter- marched, changed front, and advanced to the edge of the cedar thicket, to the righl and rear of our first position, forming the right flank of the Brigade, where ii was evi- dent our services would soon be needed. Hardly had we taken our position, when the enemy was upon us. con cealed from the view of my men by the thick- undergrowth of cedar. The first indication they had of his presence was a volley from his muskets, which riddled our ranks. 154 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. It was my impression that the 15th United States Infantry was in my front, as we had been informed that such was the fact on entering the thicket, hence the precaution of throwing out skirmishers had not been taken. Up to this time Major Isaac Kinley retained command of the Regi- ment, but at this point was severely, perhaps fatally, wounded, being struck in the thigh by a musket ball. Here, too. Captain A. D. Shultz. of Company B. fell mor- tally wounded, while bravely encouraging his men. and every mounted officer in the Regiment, except the Adju- tant, had his house shot under him. After delivering a few well-aimed volleys at the enemy, it became apparent that our position could not be held, the line having been al- ready confused by the 15th Regulars passing out between my left and the right of the 6th Ohio, and our right and left Hanks, as well as our front, being exposed to the enemy's fire. He quickly discovered his advantage and charged upon my Regiment with four times its number, compelling it to retire, cutting it off from the Brigade and separating two of my Companies (A and C) from the Regiment. The strongest efforts were made by all the officers of my Regi- ment to rally the men, and though their bravery was un- questioned, and they exhibited a strong disposition to maintain their ground, the fire of the enemy was too hot to admit of it; and they were retired to a point a short dis- tance from the scene of our first conflict. Here with the valuable assistance of Captain Gilbert Trusler and Adju- tant J. H. McClung, and other officers of the Regiment, I succeeded in forming our line, and again advanced, under a heavy fire, to the front. Not a man of my command flinched, and for eight long hours we assisted in maintain- ing our position against the furious assaults of the entmiy. First Lieutenant J. W. I. Smith and Second Lieutenant J. C. Byram, both of Company G, were wounded in the early part of the day. and compelled to retire from the field. At 4 o'clock' p. m.. the fire having slackened, we noted our condition and strength, and found that of four hundred and thirty commissioned officers and men. with whom we had entered the battle in the morning, two hundred and thirteen remained. This number was increased by the ar- rival of those who had become separated from the Regi- ment during the day to two hundred and eighty-three. OFFICIAL REPORT OF CAPTAIN WOODWARD. 1 5 ."> On the 1st of January. L863, we rested, and although my men were exposed to a heavy fire from the enemy's Artil- lery, during several hours of the day. none of them were killed or wounded. On the morning of the 2d, by your or- der, we moved across the river, taking a position on its northeast bank, behind a barricade constructed by my men. We had remained here but a few hours, when the enemy made a strong and sudden attack upon our position, from the direction of our right flank, while his Batteries to our righl gave my line a raking fire. Then by your order I changed position, moving by the left flank a distance of two hundred yards. It was a terrible struggle; but the terrific fire to which the enemy was exposed for an hour, c< >mpelled his lines to break and retire in disorder. At this juncture, my men were ordered to charge the enemy, which they did with alacrity, halting not until darkness put an end to the pursuit. Captain J. H. King, of Company G. was killed in this last engagement, while gallantly encour- aging his men at the barricade. He died nobly, bravely. ( )ur loss. Colonel, in this series of engagements, is as fol- lows : The killed were: Captain J. H. King, of Company G — shol through the head, ball entering above the left eye- Captain A. D. Shultz. Company B — shot through both hips. Company A. — Privates Henry Maner, shot in the head, and Jesse Shackle, killed by a cannon ball taking off his left leg. Company B. — Privates Andrew Fisher. Benjamin F. Warrington, and Robert G. Lake. Company C. -Private Absalom Julian. Company D. — Private Austin W. James. Company E. — Corporal William Kichler; Privates James E. Wood. Thomas *E Kent (musket shot through the shoulder, and bayoneted), and John H. Leavell ; the latter burned to death a house on the held, in which he was lying wounded, taking fire and burning to the ground before he could be rescued. Company F. — Corporal David Furry and Private John ( l-antz. Company H. — Privates Henry Williams. Jacob Eckhart and John McGlinn. 156 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. Company I. — Sergeant William Davidson, shot through the head ; Privates Samuel Thornton and Joseph Haines, the latter by a cannon ball. Company K. — Sergeant James A. Steele ; Privates John Hall. John N. Johnson, and Isaiah Hawhee. Total killed. 25. The wounded are ; Major Kinley. Captain Milton Peden. Company K. Topographical En- gineer, Third Brigade — flesh wound in thigh. First Lieutenant J. W. I. Smith — right thumb shot away. Second Lieutenant J. C. Byram — flesh wound in leg ; both of Company G. First Lieutenant Charles M. Davis, slightly, in the leg. Second Lieutenant J. Ross, in the leg, and collar bone broken ; both of Company K. Company A. — Corporals George Warrick, flesh wound in leg. and Franklin Elliott, flesh wound in thigh. Privates Samuel Bell, flesh wound in arm. and Wilson McKinney, slightly in groin. Company B. — Corporal Ephraim McLaughlin, leg shat- tered seriously. Privates Robert Johnson, in face, badly ; Jacob Kisling, slightly on head ; John H. Powers, in leg. slightly ; William H. H. Ritchie, in thigh, badly : Peter Raisinger, in leg. badly, and John M. Tamsett, in shoulder, badly. Company C. — Privates George Hazzard. severely in thigh : William Weber, in leg, severely ; Lorenzo D. Shep- herd, in leg, slightly ; Henry Reichart, in shoulder, slightly ; Tabor W. Ginn, in shoulder, slightly; Abraham Miller. Robert Burns. James Vores, William Hooton. all in hand, slightly ; Henry Henderson, in knee, slightly. Company D. — Sergeants George Cantly, in leg. slightly ; David Byers. in foot, slightly ; Thomas M. Swain, in leg ; Corporal Anson Bird, in breast, slightly. Privates A. D. Lacey, in hand ; John Lockridge, in both legs, seriously : Samuel F. Pike, three fingers shot off ; Henry Groves, in hand, slightly ; Erie Lamb, in leg. ( Jompany E. — Sergeants E. W. Parkinson, in arm. slight- ly ; Thomas Benbo. slightly, in hand. Privates Isaac D. Reeney. in hand, slightly; Jeremiah Hayes, in thigh and leg, badly ; Charles Conoway, arm broken ; Edward Taylor, OFFICIAL REPORT OF CAPTAIN WOODWARD. 1 ."7 in thigh, badly ; A. H. Grove, in jaw, badly ; B. F. Weaver, in hand, slightly ; L. B. Mannis, in leg, slightly. Company F. — Sergeant James Porter, in ankle, slightly ; Corporals Isaac J. Farquhar, in groin, slightly; William Lowe, in bead, slightly. Privates Aaron Hughes, in both anus, seriously; William F. Robinson, in arms and leg. se- verely: Francis C. Diggs. in thigh, slightly; Joshua W. Stevenson, in ankle, severely; Reuben W. Ray, on head. slightly : Joseph Miller, in hand, slightly. Company G. — Sergeant William H. Duvall. on head, slightly ; Corporal Albert Parvis. in small of back*, slightly. Privates John M. Hathaway, in foot, slightly; Levi J. Pentecost, in thigh, slightly; Douglas E. Ball, in breast. supposed mortally ; John Snyder, in leg, slightly ; Perry ( '. Mallory. in log. slightly ;. Joseph Gossett. in leg, slightly ; Abraham M. Miller, in foot^ slightly ; James Ashworth. in hip, supposed mortally. Company H. — First Sergeant George Mullikan. slightly. Sergeants Rhoderic B. Carr and George S. Violet, slight- ly. Corporals Stanhope Limpus. George M. Hathaway and William Jordon, slightly. Privates John A. Woods. seriously; Lewis Langston. Harrison Violet, James H. Sutton. Michael Conner. Lyman A. Frink, Charles Webb, Milton L. Stephens. Albert Cully and J. Schaeffer, are slightly wounded. Company I. — Sergeant Isaac Dulhagen. in head and band, slightly. Corporal Newton Johns, in leg. slightly. Privates Jacob Thornton, in shoulder and thigh, seriously ; Meredith Berry, in hand, slightly : Isaac Lester, in hand, slightly. Company K. — Sergeant Milton Thornburg. in leg, slight- ly. Corporal William Klynn. slightly. Privates George W. Bates, in thigh, slightly; William Sherry, in Leg, slight- ly; Calvin Cross, in thigh, slightly; W. H. S. Woods, in leg, slightly. The missing are: Corporal John Little. Privates Joseph Bainie and James C. Thorn. Company B. ; Private Noah \V. Coon. Company I). ; Sergeanl John 11. Erwin, Privates B. C. Hornaday. George Gephart, Joseph Jenkins and D. S. Erwin, of Company E. ; Privates Isaiah L. Smith. John Zimmer and Thomas Lawless, of Company F. ; Privates L58 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. Charles C. Wilson. James M. Talbert and Sanford Limpus, of Company G ; Privates Emory Mullen and Charles L. Scott, of Company I. ; Private Franklin Threewits, of Com- pany K. Total missing 1 , 18. Total loss in killed, wounded and missing, 134. Respectfully, Pyrrhus Woodward, Captain Commanding. As this great battle of Stone River was the most im- portant of any in the West, and the most destructive of life and property, and the time has arrived when the truth of history can be realized and told to a certainty, without injustice to any but justice to all, a further statement of the movements at that battle may be of interest, especially to those who participated in the same and know whereof we speak. On the 29th General Crittenden advanced his Corps from Stewart's Creek, with Wood's Division on the left of the Murfreesboro pike and Palmer's on the right of it ; Wagner's Brigade of the former and Grose's of the latter were deployed in front and drove the enemy's skirmishers before them upon their main line of battle. Late in the afternoon these Divisions halted about two and a half miles from Murfreesboro, the Division and Brigade commanders having observed indications of an Army in position in their immediate front. They at once deployed their troops in line of battle and in- formed the Corps commander of the appearance of things and their action. At night General Rosecrans ordered General Crittenden to occupy the town of Mur- freesboro that night with one of his Divisions and camp the others two miles outside. At dark this order reached General Crittenden at the front. He at once prepared for its prompt execution and designated Wood's Division for the advance. Wood and other officers pro- THE BATTLE OF STONE RIVER. L59 tested, but the order was imperative and Crittenden at tirsl declined to suspend it. but upon a second appeal he did suspend it for an hour and dispatched to Gen- eral Rosecrans for further consideration of such an at- tempt in the night time, over unknown ground and an Army of the enemy in position between us and the rily. General Rosecrans came up and finally counter- manded the order himself, and the troops returned to i heir former positions. On the next evening we were reminded again of this occurrence by a very similar one. A Captain in one of the Regiments of the Third Brigade was on picket duty with his Company, at the Burnt House, about equi-dis- fcant between the tw T o Armies; the rebels also had pick- ets out and they kept up a fire at the Captain and his Company, and for safety he had to keep under cover, but the annoyance became so continuous that the Cap lain sent in to his commanding officer, telling him of his disturbance, and requested that another Company be sent to him, and "he woidd move on them fellows and and clean them out. *' His officer reminded the Captain thai the whole rebel Army was over there a little be- yond him, and he had better not advance too far in the cleaning out business, for fear he might get cleaned out himself. General Wood, one of the bravest of the brave, more cautious than the Captain, thought il too great a risk to move through the rebel Army after night with one Division, for the pleasure of camping in Murfreesboro, so he protested. The Left Wing, during the 30th, maintained about the position assume, | the previous evening; there was a slight change in Palmer's Division, which was advanced a short distance againsl spirited opposition. It was now evident that the two Armies were in close proxim- ity, and for battle. During the day there was heavy 160 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. skirmishing in front of the troops in position, and the Right Wing met strong resistance in the advance to the position assigned to it. and at intervals, from right to left of the whole, Batteries responded to each other, and where the main lines were parallel they reciprocally felt the fire of small arms. On the battle front lines of the Union Army. Wood's Division was next to the river, Hascall's Brigade on the extreme left, Biarker's the center and Wagner's con- necting with Palmer's left at the turnpike. Palmer's was formed with Grose's Brigade in the noted cotton field on the left; Craft's on the right connected with Negley's Division, and Hazen's in reserve. Miller's Bri- gade, of Negley's Division, connected with Craft, Van Cleve, of the Left Wing, in reserve. Of this great battle our General commanding it says, in his official report thereof : ' ' We moved on the enemy with the following forces: Infantry, 41,421; Ar- tillery, 2,223; Cavalry, 3.296; total, 46,940." McCook, Thomas and Crittenden were Corps commanders of In- fantry and Artillery from right to left of our line in the order named, and as formed on the morning of De- cember 31st. Stanley was in command of the Cavalry. Our Divisions were commanded by such noted Generals as our own Davis, Johnson, Sheridan, Rousseau, Negley, Wood, Palmer and Van Cleve. A couple of these were wounded during the battle, and supplanted by the Bri- gade commanders. Our forces had no barricades nor breastworks, but had been in line, most of them, twenty four hours before the battle commenced. The enemy had breastworks covering their front from the river to the west as far as to our right. We marched into the trap set for us. Thus the enemy could hold his front fortified line with a third or half his force, and throw the remainder in columns of Regiments on our right flank, THE BATTLE OF STONE RIVER. 11)1 and "roll us up," or rather take us in reverse, and drive our Line in great disorder, as he did, until our en- tire line from the right, including McCook*s Corps on the right and Thomas' Corps in the center, and includ- ing the First Brigade General Cruft, of Palmer's Sec- ond Division of the Left Wing. That left Colonel Hazen\s Second Brigade of Palmer's Division to the right and west of the railroad, and General Wood's Di- vision to the left and east of the railroad, as the only remaining force in shape upon our battle line of the morning. The Third Brigade of Palmer's Division had been placed in reserve in the proper place, covering the center, between Cruft's and Hazen's Brigades, and as the crash and rolling up was approaching, the Third Brigade changed front to the right, near to and east of the cedars, and at right angle with the right of Colonel Hazen's Brigade and perpendicular to the main line of the morning. Quickly after this formation the enemy came in heavy force, and one after another continued the attacks. These two Brigades of Palmer's Division and Wood's Division maintained these positions through- out the day, assisted largely by our Artillery, and the return of General Van Cleve's Division of the Left Wing, from across Stone River, where it had been ordered, which prolonged this new line parallel to the railroad and Nashville pike. Thus, when the enemy were drawn from the protection of the breastworks or barricades, and the advantage they had thereby in the morning, and were compelled to keep every part of their line with full force, they ceased to drive our forces, and in turn took a little trot off south them selves, on Saturday morning, starting early. Our com- manding ' General of this haul.' says, in his official re- port : ••At daylight on the morning of the 31st the troops 162 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. breakfasted and stood at their arms, and by 7 o'clock were preparing for the battle. The movements began on the left by Van Cleve, who crossed at the lower fords. Wood prepared to sustain and follow him. The enemy, meanwhile, had prepared to attack General Mc- Cook, and by 6:30 o'clock advanced in heavy columns — Regimental front — his left attacking Willich's and Kirk's Brigades of Johnson's Division, which, being disposed as shown on the map. thin and light, without support, were, after a sharp but fruitless contest, crumbled to pieces and driven back, leaving Edgerton's and part of Goodspeed's Battery in the hands of the enemy. " Not inconsistent with the foregoing. General Bragg, who commanded the rebel Army, says : "The enemy was taken completely by surprise; Gen- eral and Staff officers were not mounted ; Artillery horses not hitched, and Infantry not formed. A hot and inviting breakfast of coffee and other luxuries, to which our gallant and hardy men had long been strangers, was found upon the fire unserved, and was left while we pushed on to the enjoyment of a more inviting feast, that of captured Artillery, fleeing Battalions, and hosts of craven prisoners, begging for their lives." Comrades of the 36th, these scenes thus described transpired on the right of your battle line, over a mile distant from your position, and you stand without blame. Had you men and officers of the Third Brigade. Hazen's Second Brigade and Wood's Division, neglected duty, your respective commands might have "crumbled to pieces," and been overcome, but you have the record that that part of the Left Wing maintained essentially the position assumed the previous evening, and extended its labors to the end on Friday, the second of January, across the river against the force under the command of John C. Breckenridge, an Ex-Vice President of the THE BATTLE OF STONE RIVER. 163 United States, engaged in rebellion to destroy his gov- ernment. General Polk, of the Confederate Army, commanding the force in front of our Left Wing, in his official report says of his troops on his right and next to the river : "In its front lay the right of General Palmer's Division of General Crittenden's Corps, which constituted the left wing of the enemy's line of battle. The general move- ment from the left having reached Chalmers' Brigade, it was ordered to attack, and its reserve, under General Donelson, was directed to move forward to its support. All the line in their front was carried, except the ex- treme left. This point, which was the key to the ene- my's position, and which was known as the 'Round For- est," was attacked by the right of the Brigade. It was met by a fire from artillery and musketry which mowed down more than half its numbers." We are willing to have these statements of General Polk stand as true, but when he gives as a reason for not being successful that we were receiving large re-enforcements, then he was at fault for making statements that he had no evi- dence to support. General Rosecrans says in his report : '•It is evident that we fought superior numbers." General Rosecrans gives the loss of his forces at the battle of Stone River as follows: Killed — officers. 92 ; enlisted men, 1.441; total. 1,533. Lost in wounded — officers, 384; enlisted men. 6,861 : total. 7. l'4.") ; total killed and wounded. 8,778. Estimated loss in prisoners. L\800; total loss, killed, wounded and prisoners, 11,578. This probably includes all after leaving Nashville on the 26th of December, and the missing. The 36th Indiana and (5th Ohio held the enemy in check long enough to afford time for the other three Regiments of the Brigade. 84th Illinois. 24th Ohio and 23d Kentucky, and Batteries H and M. Company 4th. U. 164 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. S. Artillery, to be put in position to meet the coming struggle as the enemy advanced and drove the two Regiments from the cedars and met the second line and Parsons" guns in the open field. It was the most fear- ful destruction of life that the writer of these lines wit- nessed during the war. The enemy was repulsed a first, second and third time, driven from the field into the cedars, and about the time of the second repulse help came and prolonged the line to the right, and the posi- tion of the Brigade was maintained until the shades of night put an end to the strife. The ground of this ter- rible contest was covered with the dead, dying and wounded, and by mutual consent each party went upon the field after nightfall and removed its wounded. The loss in the two front Regiments was heavy. Both the Regimental commanders were wounded. Major Kinley seriously with a broken thigh bone, and Lieutenant Col- onel Anderson painfully, also in the thigh. Two Regi- ments never did harder fighting or showed more bravery, in any war. than the 36th Indiana and 6th Ohio did in this Stone River battle. We may say the other three Regiments and the Batteries also fought to the death, and helped win the day. The following is an extract from the official report of General Hascall, commanding a Brigade in General Wood's Division : Colonel Hazen, commanding a Brigade in General Pal- mer's Division, was present with his Brigade to the right of the railroad, and Colonel Grose, commanding another Brigade in the same Division, was also present with his Brigade, and most nobly did he co-operate with me. with the 6th and 24th Ohio, to the right of the railroad. * * * I then threw forward the right of the 6th Ohio Regiment (of Colonel Grose's Brigade), which was on the right of the 26th Ohio, so that its line of battle was more nearly perpen- dicular to the railroad, and so its fire would sweep the front THE BATTLE OF STONE RIVER. L65 of the 26th Ohio and 58th Indiana, and supported the 6th Ohio with Estep's Battery, on a little eminence to its right, and brought up the 97th Ohio. Colonel Lane, from Wag- ner's Brigade, to still further strengthen the right. These dispositions being made. I galloped a little to the rear and found General Rosecrans, and called his attention to the importance of the position I was holding, and the necessity of keeping it well supported. He rode to the front with me. approved of the dispositions I had made, spoke a few words of encouragement to the men. cautioning them to hold their tire until the enemy had got well up, and had no sooner retired than the enemy emerged from the woods and over the hill, and were moving upon us again in splendid style and in great force. As soon as they came in sight. the 6th and 26th Ohio and Estep's Battery opened on them and did splendid execution; but on they came till within one hundred yards of our line, when Colonel Buell. of the 58th Indiana (a very large Regiment), who had lost three men. but had not fired a gun. ordered his men to fire. The effect is indescribable. The enemy fell in winrows, and went staggering back from the effects of this unexpected volley. Soon, however, they came up again and assaulted us furiously for about one and a half hours ; but the men all stood their ground nobly, and. at the end of that time, compelled the enemy to retire as before. Had Hascall's. Hazen's or Grose's Brigade given way. the battle would have been lost, at least for that day. The 6th and 24th Ohio were loaned to Colonel Hazen at about 11 o'clock by Colonel Grose, to whose Brigade they belonged. Hence it was that the 6th and 24th Ohio were so near to Colonel Hascall's Brigade; they were then fighting in Colonel Hazen's Brigade. On Friday, the 2d, the Brigade was again thrown across the river and took pari in repelling the heavy attack made by the force under Breckenridge againsl Van Cleve's Division and sonic other Union troops on that side of the river. The front line of the Brigade was driven back by the overwhelming numbers of Breck- 166 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. enridge, until it was upon the second and rear line, the 84th Illinois and 6th Ohio, of our Brigade, which had hurriedly built some barricades, and all the forces were put in position on that line, including- a portion of Van Cleve's Division that rallied from the assault. Thus Grose's Brigade was, all that could be rallied, in line. Colonel Waters, of the 84th Illinois, with a large Regi- ment not yet in action on that day. led off with a de- termined attack on the rebel lines, and with the assist- ance of about fifty guns, to the right and rear across the river, the enemy was met, repulsed, driven from the field and pressed closely one mile. Night came on. the conflict ended and the great battle was over, with heavy loss to the rebels on that afternoon, the Union loss not large. Saturday, the 3d, was rainy. Bragg took his Friday's punishment very sorely, and when Sunday morning dawned, it was discovered that he had withdrawn during the day and night, and was now in full retreat upon Shelbyville and Tullahoma. Grose's Regiments re- crossed Stone river, and, like the rest of the Army, be- gan the sad work of searching for their own dead, to honor them with special burial, and then of hunting out their widely-scattered wounded. Within a day or two the whole Army moved into and beyond Murfreesboro. and there sat down to rest, to count its losses over, and prepare for whatsoever else of soldier's duty the future might have in store for it. CHAPTER VII. OPERATIONS DURING THE ARMY'S ENCAMPMENT AT MURFREESBORO — GENERAL CRITTENDEN'S COMMAND DISPOSED SO AS TO COVER THE LIBERTY AND LEBA- NON TURNPIKES, THE LEFT RESTING ON STONE RIVER. Attention was first given to the recuperation and re- inforcement of the Army. The wounded, able to be moved, were sent to Nashville and farther north as rapidly as possible, while the severely wounded were cared for in such of the public buildings of the town as were not preoccupied by the enemy for the same pur- pose, and in large field hospitals in the vicinity, pre- pared for the occasion. While the Army was at Murfreesboro the most ex- tensive fortifications were projected and completed dur- ing the term of comparative inactivity which followed. The strongest types of earthworks were prepared be- tween the town and Stone River and were commanded by a succession of forts These extensive defenses could have been held by the Army of the Cumberland. if fully provisioned, against any Army of the world, but no great Army ever had an opportunity of repel- ling a greater force through their help. The necessity or propriety of such extensive works has never been discovered. No general engagemenf being imminent, the enemy's Cavalry was exceedingly active in embarrassing the concentration of our forces and in expeditions against the communications of our Army. A portion of Mor- gan's command, it was learned, were at Woodbury on 168 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. the McMinnville road, and the Third Brigade received orders on January 23d to march in that direction and see if Morgan's forces could be found. At 4 p. in.. Colonel Grose with the Brigade, except the 36th In- diana, absent with a. supply train to Nashville, moved out on the Ready ville road, marched ten miles to that village and bivouacked for the night. The report of Colonel Grose, will give the particulars of the move- ments on the 24th ^as follows : Headquarters Third Brigade, Second Division. Left Wing. Fourteenth Army Corps, near Murfreesboro. Tenn.. January 28, 1863, | Captain D. W. Norton. Acting Ass't Adft Gen.: Sir: I have the honor to r jport the part this Brigade took in the engagement at Woodbury, this State, on the 24th irist. According to orders I left camp near Murfrees- boro, at 4 o'clock p. m. on the 23d. with the 6th Ohio. Col- onel Christopher, 23d Kentucky. Major Hamrick, S4th Illi- nois, Major Morton. 24th Ohio. Captain Cockerill's and Parsons' Battery. Lieutenants Cushmg and Huntington, (the 36th Indiana absent to Nashville, with supply train). We marched that night to Ready ville. ten miles, and biv ouacked until 5 o'clock next m >rning, when, according to the General's order, we crossed the river there and took position on the other side, upon the Woodbury pike; our skirmishers feeling their way into the woodland in front. before daylight, where the enemy was known to have been the evening before. The other forces that were to have co-operated with us not being up. we there rested until H o'clock, when the General arrived, and we moved forward on the pike toward Woodbury, yet six miles distant, where the enemy was supposed to be in force, variously estimated at from one to six thousand. The Second Brigade Colonel Hazen's. under command of Colonel Blake, came up and moved forward, close in our rear, the 23d Kentucky and 24th Ohio, of my Brigade, taking the advance with two j A FIGHT WITH MORGAN'S MEN. L69 companies from each thrown forward as skirmishers, on either side of the road. After advancing about three miles we came to the enemy's outpost, and skirmishing com- menced: we advanced, however, cautiously and steadily. driving the enemy to within one mile of the town, where we found him posted in considerable numbers, behind a double stone fence with a deep ravine in his rear, forming complete protection against our small arms. My two front Regiments with the skirmishers gained the crest of some high ground on the road, which off to the left raised to a high hill, tin' 23d Kentucky on the left and the 24th Ohio on the right, in line about 550 yards distant from the enemy behind the stone fences ; the 6th Ohio and 84th Illinois in reserve in rear. Colonel Blake now came up and put in position- the 41st Ohio and 6th Kentucky to my left on the high hill, driving the enemy's skirmishers therefrom, as he advanced. At this time a general heavy firing was kept up on both sides, all along the line, our men sheltered by the crest of the hill, the enemy by the stone fences, so but little injury was being sustained on either side. I then re- quested, and the General sent me two pieces of Captain Cockcrill's Battery, under command of Lieutenant Osborn. who soon paid his compliments to the stone fences and those behind them, causing the enemy to "retire" in-con- tused double quick. We pursued to the farther side of the town. The enemy being all Cavalry, could easily move out of our way. He was perhaps about 1.000 strong, with no Artillery. My forces met no serious injury. We found thai the enemy had lest Lieutenant Colonel Hutchison, one Captain and three men killed, on the field, the former in command of the forces at the place, and heard of others being carried off killed or wounded ; one we saw. mortally wounded, left in the town. My men having had so much desperate lighting recently with the enemy, we might well have doubted a desire again to engage him. but I am proud to say. every officer and man, with energy and alacrity, moved upon the discharge <>f his whole duly. Captain Boden, 23d Kentucky, and Lieutenanl Dryden, 24th Ohio, I noticed as prompt and effi- cient commanders of the front skirmish lines, and perhaps to some one of their men belongs the credit of killing Col- 170 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. onel Hutchison, as he was killed by a minie ball at an early stage of the skirmishing. Allow me to call attention to the want of the co-operation of the Cavalry that was to have acted with our forces, as the cause of our not capturing the enemy. I am, your obedient servant. W. Grose, Col. commanding Third Brig. Richard Southgate, Capt. and A. A. A. G., Third Brig. In the evening- the Brigade and other troops retired to the river at Readyville, six miles, and rested for the night, remaining there until the evening of the 26th, when the command returned to camp near Murfreesboro. amid as heavy a rainstorm as even soldiers desire to meet in January. On February 4th the 36th Indiana and 6th Ohio, under command of Lieutenant Colonel Carey, were escort for a forage train, and found abundance of corn, but no fight. These forage expeditions were frequent during the stay about Murfreesboro, and these two Regiments were many times escort, and generally brought the corn. On April 3d another reconnoissance was made by the Third Brigade to look after rebel Cavalry at Woodbury.' The 36th Indiana and 84th Illinois went forward to Short Mountain under command of Colonel Waters, of the latter Regiment, and all returned to camp by way of Bradyville on the 7th. They found no enemy in force during the trip. On the morning of the 12th of May the Brigade changed camp and moved to Cripple Creek, at which the quarters were new and comfortable, and we were near neighbors of Colonel Cruft, with his Brigade of the same Division. On the 14th the Bri- gade commander, with the 36th Indiana and 24th Ohio, put in the day as scouts northeast to Liberty turnpike. They came in sight of some "horse soldiers," who rode rapidly away and declined any friendship with the IN CAMP AT CRIPPLE CREEK. 171 Union boys. They found no formidable numbers of the enemy. When expecting and preparing for a general advance of the Army south, the line officers of the 80th Indiana. <»u the 20th of June, then in camp at Cripple Creek, had obtained and presented to their Colonel commading the Brigade a fine sword and belt, in token of their confidence in and esteem for him. which, as a souvenir. can be seen at any time by any comrade in the parlor at the General's home in New Castle. CHAPTER VIII. FROM CRIPPLE CREEK TO THE TENNESSEE RIVER AND ACROSS TO WHITESIDE STATION — THE BATTLE OF CHICAMAUGA. On June 24th the Army of the Cumberland struck tents and moved south, the Third Brigade via Brady- ville and Hollow Springs to Manchester, and remained in that vicinity, scouting occasionally, repairing rail- roads, cutting ties and wood largely for the railroads, until August 17th, when the general advance commenced. The Third Brigade, with the Division, moved across Collins River, ascended the Cumberland Mountain to Rickeys, thence to Dunlap in the Sequatchee Valley, where the gray horse "Stony," of Colonel Grose, wounded at Stone River, died, and was buried with the honors of war. On September 1st. the Brigades of Cruft and Grose left Dunlap and marched down the Sequatchee Valley on the Jasper Road to within five miles of that town. On the od Grose's Brigade moved ten miles to the mouth of Battle Creek, at the Tennessee River. We arrived there at dark, with orders to cross the river that night. There were no pontoons nor boats to assist in crossing a deep, heavy river two hundred yards wide. After a lunch for supper,* all hands went to work to prepare to cross. A squad of men was dispatched to Bridgeport, six miles below, to procure two pontoons of General Davis, whose Division was there to cross the same night, the pontoons to be used to swim the horses by in cross ing. Strong details were made to build rafts upon which to cross the men. baggage and Artillery, two Bat- ASCENT OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 173 teries. A large barn of hewn logs near by was soon appropriated to build the rafts. The work was success- ful and all the four Regiments, Artillery and baggage was safely over at daylight next morning and formed in position of defence within hearing of the wheels of the rebel Army moving on the turnpike one mile and a quarter from the position of the Brigade, which was not noisy that morning until the enemy had passed by and a connection was made with the Union forces that were upon the pike following the enemy from Bridgeport. General Cruft was to have crossed at Shell Mound, five miles farther up the river, but there was too much en- emy for that, until the Union force from Bridgeport, with the Third Brigade, came up and made it safe for crossing at Shell Mound, which was soon done and all followed the rebel Army. A short delay at Shell Mound gave the opportunity to many of the two Brigades to visit the celebrated Nick- ajack Cave, near by. In the afternoon Cruft's and Grose's Brigades advanced eastwardly up the stream, called Falling Waters, seven miles, to the burnt bridge at Whiteside Station. On the 6th the Third Brigade moved southward up "Murphy's Hollow." which is a narrow gap in the Raccoon Mountains, into Lookout « Valley, marched seven miles and bivouacked on the Chattanooga and Trenton turnpike, seven miles from the latter place and eighteen from the former. Here it lay all next day in readiness to support Wood's Division, which had moved along the railroad from Whiteside Station, and the rebels were in force on Lookout Moun- tain. On the 8th Grose's Brigade moved five miles to- ward Chattanooga, to Hawkins' farm, and on the 9th as- cended Lookout Mountain, three of his Regiments, the 24th Ohio. 23d Kentucky and 84th Illinois. They reached , the summit, nine miles from Chattanooga, and surprised 174 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. the rebel picket post so that they left their dinner on the fire cooking. The dinner consisted of roasting-ears in several large sugar kettles, upon a pole over the fire. They had no time to take nor destroy it. One of the advance Yankees called out to the fleeing enemy, "'Here. Johnny, you forgot your corn. " The Yankies did better ; they did not forget the corn, which made a good dinner for them. The Brigade advanced northward on the Mountain, driving* the rebel Cavalry as they went. The 24th Ohio, having the advance, succeeded in getting a few shots at the enemy's pickets as they hastily re- treated. The preconcerted signal, to indicate that the ridge was clear of rebels, was then given to the troops lying in the valley below, and they began moving by the main wagon-road across the ''Nose of Lookout" — the bluff extremity of the mountain abutting on the Tennessee. Says an officer of the Third Brigade : ' ' The prospect that met our view when we reached Summer- town was grand beyond description. We were upon a high, bold bluff, nearly two thousand feet above the Tennessee River. The city of Chattanooga, almost de- serted, was only two and a half miles distant, and so much beneath us that we could look down into all its streets. Long lines of dust marked the road upon which the enemy was retreating, and a few miles to the east- ward rose the thickly-wooded slopes of Missionary Ridge, with the Pigeon and Chattagutta Mountains far in the distance beyond. Broad and fertile valleys, or coves, lay between the mountain ranges, beautiful in their quiet repose, and not yet entirely devastated by the terrible simoon of civil war. It was a lovely pic- ture. " Toward evening the Regiments descended by the road leading to Chattanooga, and, rejoining the Division, moved across Chattanooga Valley and out on the road to Rossville, near which place the whole command en- camped after a day's march of sixteen miles. MANEUVERING ABOUT CHATTANOOGA. 175 General Rosecrans now had the objective of the cam- paign in possession. The ease with which Chattanooga had been occupied was ominous of great peril. General Rosecrans accepted as true the first report that Bragg was retreating on Rome, beyond the Coosa River, over sixty miles from Chattanooga, when in fact he was con- centrating his forces at Lafayette, about half the dis- tance from the too much extended front of the Army of General Rosecrans. So the prize so skillfully won was frittered away and it was soon discovered that Bragg, with re-enforcements, was strongly in front of the Left Wing of Rosecrans' scattered Army. On September 10th, Crittenden's Corps having been ordered to follow up the enemy vigorously on the Ringgold turnpike. Palmer's Division moved through a gap in Missionary Ridge, but halted at the end of ten miles, to wait for rations, and bivouacked near Grays - ville. which is on East Chickamauga Creek, about twelve miles east of Rossville. Rebel Cavalry was encountered soon after starting in the morning, and a body of them charged the advance, rode pell-mell over four Compan- ies of the 1st Kentucky Infantry, captured fifty men and two officers and escaped with them unharmed. On that evening it was definitely settled that the main force of the Confederate Army w T as in the vicinity of Lafayette, with an advance toward Lee and Gordon's Mills on West Chicamauga Creek. General Wood with his Division was immediately sent to Lee and Gordon's Mills to reconnoiter and to continue there until further orders. The result of General Wood's reconnoissance, with information from other sources, satisfied General Rosecrans of the proximity and fearful strength of Bragg's Army, and it was a matter of life and death to have a speedy concentration of the Divisions of the Union Army. During four or five days that Bragg was 176 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. waiting for accessions, if he had. advanced upon Thomas or Crittenden and crushed both in quick succession, and then attacked McCook alone, who was not in reach to have helped either of the others, the Army of the Cum- berland could have been beaten, if not destroyed. But Bragg's delay was the salvation of the Army of the Cumberland. On the 11th Palmer's Division advanced to Ringgold, Wilder's Brigade and Van Cleve's Division in front. On the 12th the Third Brigade followed General Wood to the vicinity of Lee and Gordon's Mills, and all of Pal- mer's Division was soon near by. Crittenden's position was now dangerous in the extreme, on account of its isolation. In the effort to defeat Rosecrans in detail Bragg's first combination was directed against Thomas, and this fact doubtless saved Crittenden's Corps, which was in air, without protection to its left and not in a situation to resist an attack of Bragg's Army with larger num- bers. McCook's Corps was at the same time at Alpine in complete isolation and not far from the main body of the rebel Army. On September 14th, in obedience to orders. Palmer's and Van Cleve's Divisions were moved westward to ' ' the southern spur of Missionary Ridge, so as to command the valley of Chattanooga Creek" (beyond the ridge), whence General Thomas was communicated with upon the right. The Second Division this day marched about eight miles, reaching its assigned position on Chattanooga Creek between 8 and 9 o'clock in the morning. On September 15th, disappointed by his fail- ure in a promising attempt to strike Thomas unawares, as his Divisions pushed across McLemore's Cove to Dug Gap in the Pigeon Mountains, the enemy was found to have withdrawn from the front between Crit- THE BATTLE OF CHICAMAUGA. 177 tenden and Thomas, and McCook's advance being re- ported within supporting distance of the latter. Pal- mer's Division, by a march of eleven miles, obtained a position near Gowan's Ford, on the Chicamauga. six or seven miles southward from Lee and Gordon's Mills, and covered the line of the creek for four or five miles. Van Cleve's Division was posted at Crawfish Springs, about four miles toward the northwest. On the 16th, Grose's Brigade reconnoitered a few miles eastward in the direction of one of the gaps in Pigeon Mountain, and found the enemy in the gap with a quantity of gathered potatoes. They drove the Johnnies back and the boys took the potatoes to camp. Thomas' troops having begun arriving on Crittenden's lines. Palmer's Division in the afternoon was moved northward, by a march of three miles, to within two miles of Crawfish Springs. Grose's Brigade bivouacked behind some slashed timber, forming a protection against Cavalry raids for the night. Starting about midnight on the 18th they reached Crawfish Springs at dawn on Satur- day morning, with the Division all there in proper po- sition next on the left of Van Cleve's Division, about one mile to the north of Lee and Gordon's Mills. For a week the troops had lived in an atmosphere of battle, and with their guns in their hands ; yet few, except the higher officers, imagined that the dread issue was so soon to be decided. The men were jaded by their night march and previous harassing service, but were in excellent spirits notwithstanding — full of the confi- dence begotten of trained self-reliance, and brimming over with the dashing, half-reckless courage character- istic of old and successful campaigners. About 8 a. m.. Grose's Brigade was ordered to make a reconnoissance down the road in the direction of Reid's Mill, to ascer- tain if the main road from Lee and Gordon's Mills to 178 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. Rossville was clear of the enemy, and, if practicable, whether Colonel Dan McCook's Brigade still held Reid's bridge, as it had been reported doing the evening before. Threading its way through thick woods, with occasional clearings, Grose's command, at the end of two miles, reached Baird's Division (formerly Rousseau's), which had marched all night with the rest of Thomas' Corps, and had taken position on the Rossville road, while Brannan's Division ( in the main Thomas' old Division ) had filed past him and formed upon his left, extending the line of battle northward, in the direction of Ross- ville. While the troops were halted upon Baird's right, heavy volleys of musketry were heard along the front, some distance to the left; but the sound soon died away, and the Brigade then returned to the Division, rejoining it about 10:30 o'clock, without having encount- ered the enemy. Soon after, about 12 o'clock, General Brannan, on the extreme left as far as the formation was then made, was closely engaged. General Baird's Division was becoming seriously involved, as Bragg's solid masses swept across Chicamauga Creek, by appa- rently a left wheel of his line. As soon as his lines were across the creek he carried the assault to the south towards Lee and Gordon's Mills. All being rather quiet on Crittenden's front, he ordered Palmer to the support of the left, and the Division promptly obeyed. It had proceeded less than one-third of the distance to the point reached by Grose's Brigade two hours before, when the enemy was met in heavy force, pressing steadily forward on Johnson's Division of Mc- Cook's Corps, which was moving into position to assist Baird on his left flank, which had been exposed. The Second Division formed rapidly, Hazen's Brigade on the left, Cruft's next and Grose's on the right. By 1 o'clock the Second Division was engaged on its whole THE BATTLE OF CHICAMAUGA. 17!) line, and the Third Brigade was in the tempest and struggle of battle similar to that of Stone River. We have not space in this work to follow the Army of the Cumberland through all the details of this con- test, in which Bragg, by his own confession, lost two- fifths of his Army, and Rosecrans barely escaped de- struction with a terrible loss. General Thomas, com- manding the left, whose service was nothing less mag- nificent than saving the Army, after Rosecrans (upon another part of the field) had given up the day as lost and retired to Chattanooga. These are all matters of history, to which a simple reference is all that the scope of this volume permits. Palmer's Division fought under the command of General Thomas throughout — during the first day in the position before mentioned, and on the second day in the center of Thomas' line, with John- son and Baird on the left, and Reynolds and Brannan on the right. Its loss was very heavy, but. happily, the Third Brigade escaped with somewhat fewer casualties than at Stone River. Following is the olficial report of the Brigade com- mander of the battle of Chicamauga : Headquarters Third Brigade. Second Division, Twenty-first Army Corps, in Camp near Chattanooga, Tenn.. September 27, 1863. Major General •/. M. Palmer, Commanding Second Division : Sir : I have the honor to make a brief report of the part this Brigade took in the recent engagements with the enemy. I crossed the Tennessee River at the mouth of Battle Creek on the night of the 3d of September, by means of log rafts, sending most of my train by the way of Bridgeport, six miles below, to cross on the bridge. I passed over without any loss of either men or property. My command consisted of the 6th Ohio, Colonel N. L. Anderson. 84th Illinois, Colonel 180 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. L. M. Waters. 24th Ohio, Colonel D. J. Higgins, 36th Indi ana. Lieutenant Colonel O. H. P. Carey, and 23d Kentucky. Lieutenant Colonel James C. Foy, aggregate officers and men. 1,687 : to which were attached Batteries H and M. 4th U. S. Artillery (ten pieces), commanded by Lieutenants Cushing and Russell. In conjunction with the Division, we marched thence to Shell Mound, to Squirreltown Creek, and thence to Lookout Valley, and on the morning of the 9th inst.. with the 24th Ohio. 23d Kentucky and 84th Illinois, I ascended, or rather climbed upon Lookout Mountain near Hawkins' farm, nine miles to the right of Chattanooga, and met and drove the enemy from the mountain, with no loss to my force. The enemy left the mountain to the northeast, via Summer City. Cavalry was all that I found upon the mountain. As I reached the point of the mountain overlook- ing Chattanooga, the remainder of my Brigade, with the First Brigade, General Cruft, and General Wood's Division, were entering the city. I may here notice Captain Isaac N. Dryden, of the 24th Ohio, and his Company, for daring bravery in the advance in ascending the mountain and driv- ing and punishing the enemy with light but successful skirmishing near Graysville. Ringgold and Chicamauga Creek, and a reconnoissance from the latter to Worthen's farm, to a pass in Pigeon Mountain. I was directed on the morning of the 19th inst. to make a reconnoissance below Lee and Gordon's Mills, on Chicamauga Creek, in the State of Georgia, which I did, and found the enemy in force, and on receiving your orders I withdrew the Brigade, joined the column, and with it moved upon the enemy into an open woodland to the right of the road leading to Chattanooga. My position happened to be on a small elevation, General Cruft's Brigade to my left and General Reynolds' Division on my right. We met the enemy's lines about 11 o'clock. My Brigade was formed in double lines, the 24th Ohio, Col- onel Higgins. and the 23d Kentucky, Lieutenant Colonel Foy, in the front line, the 36th Indiana, Lieutenant Colonel Carey, and the 84th Illinois, Colonel Waters, in the rear line, the 6th Ohio. Colonel Anderson, in reserve. On meeting the enemy with the front line, the troops on the right of my Brigade gave way, and the 36th Indiana was immediately changed to the right to defend the flank, and in a very few COLONEL GROSE'S OFFICIAL REPOltT. 181 minutes the enemy passed so far by my right and rear thai the 6th Ohio, as well as the 36th Indiana, 24th Ohio and 23d Kentucky, were all desperately engaged, and so continued for two long hours. Here was the best fighting and least falling out of ranks (except the killed and wounded) I ever witnessed. Finally the ammunition of these four Regiments gave out. and there being none at hand (bad luck), they had to be retired. Now came the time for the 84th Illinois to come into the breach. The Colonel changed front to the right, and with his brave and hitherto tried Regiment con- tested every inch of the ground until compelled to give way before overwhelming numbers. The enemy having reached his then right flank, our former rear, all were retired in tol- erably good order, which ended my fighting for the day. General Cruft's Brigade, which had not yet exhausted its ammunition, nor been seriously engaged, now changed front to the enemy, engaged him and came off master of that part of the field. The ensuing night we laid upon our arms without water, or rest, and though the fatigues had been great, yet there was more to endure upon the coming day. Ammunition replenished, we were again in position for the fearful labors that awaited us on the Holy Sabbath. Early I was ordered to take position on the right of General Hazen's Brigade, on the right of our Division, which was done, and each Regiment quickly threw before it barricades of logs and such materials as could readily be obtained; but be- fore the action on our part of the line commenced, one of my Regiments, the 23d Kentucky, had been loaned to Gen- eral Hazen to fill out his lines, and with the other four. about ( .» o'clock. I was ordered to the left of General Bairds' Division (General Rousseau's old Division), to strengthen his left. Before we arrived at the intended position in the line, the enemy came upon Baird's Division, and conse- quently upon my command in fearful numbers. I formed the tour Regiments under a destructive fire from the enemy in a woodland fronting nearly north, and at right angles with the main line of battle. The 36th Indiana and 84th Illinois in the front line, the 6th and 24th Ohio in the sec ond line. Thus formed we met the enemy and had a des- perate struggle with fearful loss on both sides. The Bri- 1S1 1 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. gade advanced and was repulsed, advanced a second time and was again repulsed and with some forces that now came to our assistance advanced the third time and held the woodland. In this contest for mastery over the wood- land fell many of my best and bravest officers and men. The dead and dying of both Armies commingled together over this bloody field. Here I parted with many of my comrades in arms forever, particularly old messmates of the 36th Indiana, and whose remains I was unable to remove from the field. In this conflict and amid the shifting scenes of battle. Colonel Waters, of the 84th Illinois, with a part of his Regiment, became detached from the Brigade to the west of the road and became mingled with the Division of General Negley, who. it seems, shortly after ordered that portion of Colonel Waters' Regiment, with at least a por- tion of his own command, toward Chattanooga, on the pre- text of sending that of Colonel Waters' as train guard, for particulars of which reference is made to the report of Col- onel Waters. The residue of the 84th Illinois Regiment, under command of Captain William Erwin, of Company C, with Lieutenants McLain, Scroggan and Logue, with parts of four Companies, remained with the Brigade, and on the left of and with the 36th Indiana did efficient and good ser- vice. Captain Erwin deserves notice for coolness and bravery during this fight, as well as the Lieutenants above named. After the fighting had ceased and with seeming success to our arms on this portion of the line, now about 1 o'clock p. m., I withdrew the 36th Indiana, 24th and 6th Ohio, with that portion of the 84th Illinois under command of Captain Erwin, to near the position we had taken in the forenoon, near the right of General Hazen's Brigade, and put my men in position to rest, and to await further developments ; the 23d Kentucky having remained with General Hazen at that point where I had left it in the morning. The enemy's sharpshooters and occasional cannonading kept up amuse- ment for us in the meantime. It was here near by me that Colonel King, of the 68th Indiana, fell a victim to the aim of a sharpshooter. In these two days my command took a considerable num- ber of prisoners and sent them to the rear, among them COLONEL GROSE'S OFFICIAL REPORT. 183 was Captain E. B. Savers, Chief Engineer of General Polk's Corps. He surrendered to me in person, was put in charge of Lieutenant Scott, my Engineer, and sent back to General Thomas' Corps Hospital. Sayers was one of the Camp Jackson prisoners and formerly a citizen of St. Louis. Mo. I presume many of the prisoners taken on Sunday escaped. About 4 o'clock a deserter came in and informed us that Breckenridge's Division of the rebel Army was advancing toward the same point where we had been in such deadly strife during the fore part of the day. which statement was soon verified by the roar of Artillery and small arms in that direction, again moving upon Johnson's and Baird's shat- tered Divisions. About the same time a heavy force of the enemy commenced an attack to our right and rear from to- ward Lee's and Gordon's Mills, and from the direction we had come in the morning, and opened the most terrific can- nonading I had heard during these battles, and in a few moments completely enfilading our entire rear. At fifteen minutes before 5 o'clock Lieutenant Thomas. Major General Palmer's Aide, brought me an order to "retire my com- mand." Which way or where to retire to was not an easy question to solve, the enemy fast approaching from the right and left toward our rear, their artillery fire meeting. I, however, immediately sent orders to the Regiments there with me to retire across the farm to our rear, passing to the right of the farm house, in the following order : 6th Ohio. 36th Indiana and that portion of the 84th Illinois with me. the 23d Kentucky to bring up the rear ; portions of the 24th Ohio were with each of these Regiments. My Artillery had been retired to the west of the farm. The forces that were 'to my left when faced about had to retire further to my right and cross the farm further north When I commenced the move it seemed evident that my now small command would be swept away by the Artillery fire of the enemy. To pre- vent breaking of ranks or any further panic, and to indicate to the men that this was a time for coolness and "steady habits," with Lieutenant Boice, one of my Aides de Camp, he carrying the Brigade tlag. at my side, we rode on the left of the front Regiment, and in the direction from which' the most terrible fire of the enemy emanated, until we passed L84 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. the ordeal of danger. As soon as we had passed the point of greatest danger, I halted the two front Regiments, 6th Ohio and 30th Indiana, and into line faced them to the rear, to defend and cover the retreat. This was done coolly and deliberately. General Palmer was here to consult with me and give directions. Here was the last I saw of Captain J. R. Muhleman. Assistant Adjutant General of the Division, and I presume he fell near to this place, for we were yet under a sharp fire. As soon as all was closed up and had passed this line. I /igain retired the force across another farm about one-half a mile and ascended a high wooded hill, and re-formed faced as before, now out of the range of the enemy's fire. It was now dusk, and as soon as all was closed up. and meeting General Cruft, with bis Brigade, here, we consulted, together with our Division commander, and re- tired to Rossville, about four or five miles distant on the Chattanooga road, and rested for the night. It is due that I mention in this place an act of bravery in danger of my Aide. Lieutenant Boice. After we had passed over the first farm, fearing that my orders to Captain Erwin, of the 84th Illinois, had not been definitely understood, and that his command might be left behind and lost, I directed Lieu tenant Boice to return again over the field of death and see that the Captain was coming with his command. The direc- tion was promptly obeyed and the Lieutenant made the trip and returned unharmed. My fears for his safety were in- expressibly relieved when I saw him safely return. For this and similar efficient service during all these battles Lieu- tenant Boice deserves the most favorable notice. In the position assigned me with my command at and near Ross- ville on the -1st, although I did no fighting, and a better situation could not have been given me, yet I lost one man killed and one wounded from the enemy's Artillery. Prom there we withdrew to our present position, without further harm. Lieutenant Russell, in command of C< mpany M, 4th U. S. Artillery, on Saturday, the 19th, was placed in position in the center of my front line and did effective service. On Sunday, he, as well as Lieutenant Cushing, commanding Company H, 4th U. S. Artillery, played a heavy part upon the enemy's columns. Those Lieutenants, although they K COLONEL GROSE'S OFFICIAL REPORT. 185 look like mere boys, yet for bravery and effective service are not excelled, if equaled, in efficiency by any Artiller- ist in the Army. They have the credit of being in the last of the fighting' and then retiring all but the loss of one piece of Lieutenant Cushing's, that had been disabled dur- ing the engagement. Colonel Waters, with his brave Reg- iment, deserves great credit for the manner in which the one commanded and the other performed the perilous duties devolving upon them during the battles. The brave Col- onel Nick Anderson, with his Regiment, 6th Ohio, per- formed a whole duty up to the evening of the 19th. He having been wounded during that day was compelled to be relieved. The command thereafter devolved upon Major Erwin. who performed it highly satisfactory. Lieutenant Colonel Carey, 36th Indiana, brave to the last, received a severe wound during the battle on the 19th, and was suc- ceeded by Major Trusler in command, who deserves a high meed of praise for continuing the good management of the Regiment. Brave old Regiment, your country will remem- ber you when these trying times are over. Lieutenant Colonel Foy, and 23d Kentucky, side by side with your com- rades and brothers in arms from Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, you did your duty well. Colonel Higgins and the 24th Ohio can boast of as brave and dutiful officers and men as can be found in any Army. Captain George M. Graves, my Assistant Adjutant Gen- eral, a brave and good officer, fell by my side mortally wounded, on the 19th, while rendering efficient service. He has since died. Rest in peace, brave soldier ! Isaac Bige- low and Gorge Shirk, two of my Orderlies, were wounded on the 20th, the latter seriously, and w T ho was carrying the Brigade flag when he fell. Corporal Dossey Lennin, of Company I, 24th Ohio, seeing the flag fall, rushed to it. res- cued it and bore it off the field, as he did his own Regimental colors on two occasions the day before, w r hen Color Guards had been shot down. Such bravery and high bearing as this is highly deserving the notice of the appointing power. My grateful thanks are due to the brave officers and men of the Brigade for their noble conduct through these trying scenes in behalf of the right and to put down the w r rong. My Staff Officers, Captain Brooks, Inspector, Lieutenant 186 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. Scott. Topographical Engineer, Lieutenant Livezey. Aide cle Camp, Major Kersey, Medical Director. Captain Peden, Provost Marshal, with those heretofore mentioned, as well as my non-commissioned Staff, have my grateful acknowl- edgements for their kind and efficient help during these laborious battles ; and they, with me. unfeignedly lament the fall of our comrade and brother. Captain George M. Graves. Many officers and men of my command, that it is impossible to refer to specially, are equally deserving with the best of soldiers. Patriots Captain Adams. 84th Illinois. Captain Tinker, T3th Ohio, Captain Wadsworth, 24th Ohio, Lieutenant Patterson, 36th Indiana. Lieutenant Hoffman. 23d Kentucky, with fifty-seven brave enlisted men, fell on these battle-fields, a sacrifice upon their country's altar. My heart sickens to contemplate these irreparable losses. To the suffering wounded, may the God of Battles soothe their afflictions, heal and restore them again to usefulness. The following table shows the casualties of the Brigade as near as is possible to ascertain at the present time : KILLED. WOUNDED. MISSING. TOTAL. AG- COMMAND. •G ) tE G 1 E C | E C E , GATB Headnuarters 1 3 1 3 4 36th Indiana. . 1 13 8 89 17 9 119 128 24th Ohio .... 3 3 57 16 3 76 79 6th Ohio .....' 1 13 7 94 1 16 9 123 132 84th Illinois.. 1 12 2 81 9 3 102 105 23d Kentucky. 1 10 3 49 6 4 65 69 Bat. M. 4th A. g 6 8 8 Bat. H. 4th A. 4 1 16 | 1 1 21 22 Totals 5 57 24 395 1 65 30 517 547 Add to this the 659 lost at Stone River, with many other casualties in smaller engagements, it shows a fearful de- struction of human life in one small command. For further and more minute particulars reference is * Commissioned officers, t Enlisted men. REPORTS OF ROSECRANS AND BRAGG. l s 7 made to the reports of Regimental commanders, herewith forwarded. I have the honor to be, your most humble servant. W. Grose, Colonel commanding' Third Brigade. s. Boice, Lieut. 6th Ohio, A. A. D. C. The following are copies of letters written after the battle : Chattanooga. September ill. 1863. To the President of the United States: After two days* of the severest fighting I ever witnessed, our right center was beaten. The left held its position until sunset. Our loss is heavy, and our troops worn down. The enemy received heavy re-enforcements. Every man of ours was in action on Sunday, and all but one Brigade on Saturday. Number of our w r ounded large compared with thai of the killed. We took prisoners of two Divisions of Longstreet. We have no certainty of holding our position. If Burnside could come immediately it would be well, other- wise he may not be able to join us. unless he comes on the west side of the river. W. S. Rosecrans. Major General. Chicamauga River. September 20. / via Ringgold. September 21. \ Major General Cooper, Adjutant General: After two days' hard fighting we have driven the enemy, after a desperate resistance, from several positions, and now hold the field. But he still confronts us. The losses are heavy on both sides, especially of our officers. We have taken over twenty pieces of Artillery, and some 2,500 pris- oners. Braxton Bragg. The Confederates had been too severely handled to renew the battle on Monday, although the Union forces Lay in Line of battle on Missionary Ridge, near Rossville, during the day, but five miles distant from the field of 188 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. the day before, without action other than a weak recon- noissance with Cavalry, and of a few guns in the even- ing. During the day Rosecrans determined to fall back to Chattanooga, fortify and hold the place, and thither, on the night of the 21st, the whole Army was withdrawn, and began the preparation for the defense. On the morning of the 22d, the two Armies were in full view of the front lines of each other. The Union forces in well formed lines and works around Chattanooga, and the rebel Army in full view on Missionary Ridge. The following is the official report of casualties at the battle of Chicamauga : Fourteenth Army Corps. — General Thomas. Killed: 36 commissioned officers; 635 enlisted men. Total, 671. Wounded: 206 commissioned officers; 3,297 enlisted men. Total, 3,503. Missing: 127 commissioned officers ; 2,000 enlisted men. Total, 2,127. Twentieth Army Corps. — General McCook. Killed: 40 commissioned officers ; 363 enlisted men. Total, 403. Wounded: 168 commissioned officers; 2,367 enlisted men. Total, 2,535. Missing: 77 commissioned officers; 1,503 enlisted men. Total, 1,580. Twenty-first Army Corps. — General Crittenden. Killed : 39 commissioned officers ; 296 enlisted men. Total, 335. Wounded: 131 commissioned officers; 2,157 enlisted men. Total, 2,288. Missing : 22 commissioned officers ; 655 enlisted men. Total, 677. Reserve Corps.— General Granger. Killed: 16 commissioned officers ; 219 enlisted men. Total, 235. Wounded : 59 commissioned officers ; 877 enlisted men. Total, 936. THE LOSSES AT CHICAMAUGA. 189 Missing : 54 commissioned officers ; 507 enlisted men. Total, 561. Grand Total. — Killed: 131 commissioned omcers; 1,513 enlisted men. Total, 1,644. Wounded: 564 commissioned officers; 8,698 enlisted men. Total, 9,262. Missing: 280 commissioned officers; 4,665 enlisted men. Total, 4.945. Total loss, 15,851. The re-organization of the Army of the Cumberland before the battle of Chicamauga, as to Palmer's Divi- sion, was as follows : Second Division, 21st Corps. — Major General John M. Palmer commanding. First Brigade. — General Charles Cruft commanding; 1st Kentucky Infantry, 2d Kentucky Infantry. 31st In- diana Infantry, 90th Ohio Infantry. Second Brigade. — General William B. Hazen command- ing ; 41st Ohio Infantry, 124th Ohio Infantry, 6th Ken- tucky Infantry, 9th Indiana Infantry, 110th Illinois Bat- talion. Third Brigade. — Colonel William Grose commanding; 36th Indiana Infantry. 24th Ohio Infantry, 6th Ohio In- fantry, 23d Kentucky Infantry, 84th Illinois Infantry. Artillery with Division. — Batteries H and M, 4th U. S. Artillery, Battery B, 1st Ohio Artillery, Battery 2d, 1st Ohio Artillery. H and M Batteries mostly with Third Brigade. The commanders of each of the Armies in this great battle claimed that the other had superior numbers, which question has never been settled definitely. CHAPTER IX. SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA — BATTLES OF LOOKOUT MOUN- TAIN AND MISSIONARY RIDGE. General Bragg's old fortifications were quickly occu- pied and strengthened by General Rosecrans, as por- tions of a complete circumrotation of the town, but he made no effort to hold Lookout Mountain, the river or railroad below Chattanooga; hence Bragg speedily oc- cupied all these. At first General Bragg threatened to attack, but soon posted his forces to besiege and starve out the Army that he had failed to destroy in battle. His lines extended from the river below to Lookout Mountain, across Lookout Valley to Missionary Ridge and along its summit to the river above the town. Rosecrans still held Bridgeport, thirty-five miles below by railroad, as his base of supplies, but about double that distance by wagons around over Walden's Ridge, on the north of the river. Several plans were sug gested and urged upon Bragg, by his friends, other than to besiege. General Longstreet urged a flank movement to cross the river above and go to the rear of Rosecrans' position and compel him to capitulate or fight ; but Bragg declined all, except to hold his lines as made, and continuously to embarrass our supply line to starvation. Having attained a secure position at Chattanooga, Gen- eral Rosecrans disposed his Cavalry on the north of the river, from Washington to Caperton's Ferry, to observe the enemy, and protect his trains in passage from Bridgeport to Chattanooga. On the 22d, the Third Brigade was put in position on the south of the Union . CAPTAIN JOSEPH L. SMITH. RE-ORGANIZATION AT CHATTANOOGA. 191 lines, and to the right of what was afterward named Fort Wood, in honor of our own gallant General Wood. still living at Dayton. Ohio. The Brigade, in a very short time, made strong breastworks, covering their en- tire front, so that it was impossible for a successful at- tack to be made upon them from that direction, and only had occasional light skirmishing in their own front while in that position. On the 24th General Hazen. with his Brigade, made a reconnoisance toward Missionary Ridge, assisted by the 24th Ohio and 23d Kentucky, of Grose\s Brigade, and at 10 o'clock on the evening of that day, the enemy made an advance upon the Union picket line. The latter fell back as far as the railroad, where re -enforcements moved to their assistance, and in turn the rebel line fell back, which ended the skirmish, and without loss to the Second or Third Brigade. On the next day the pickets of the Third Brigade were advanced to their former position without opposition. On September 23d General Rosecrans wrote President Lincoln that. ••Immediate disposition should be made for covering our communications, by ordering down every available man from Kentucky to Bridgeport and Steven- son, and having all re-enforcements you can send hurried up. "" and other similar directions were given to the President quite frequently. On the 9th of October Gen- eral Alexander McCook and T. L. Crittenden. Corps commanders, were relieved. On October 10th reorgani- zation was again made by which Grose*s Brigade became the Third Brigade. First Division, Fourth Corps. The Regiments remained the same, with the 9th Indiana. 75th and 59th Illinois added to the Brigade. General Gordon Granger commanded the Corps. General Palmer continued Division commander, Generals Sheridan and Wood commanding the other Divisions of the Corps. The order of the President of October 18th creating 192 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. the Military Division of the Mississippi, with General Grant in command, placed General Thomas at the head of the Army of the Cumberland. He assumed com- mand on the 19th, and General Rosecrans, having dictated a farewell to his Army, left for Cincinnati before it was generally known that be had been relieved. General Palmer soon after left the command of the Division to take command of the Fourteenth Corps. On the 23d of October General Grant arrived at Chat- tanooga. How to feed the Army was now the first and vital question. The problem was solved by sending Hazen's arid Turchin's Brigades to seize the mouth of Lookout Valley at Brown's Perry, nine miles below Chattanooga, by the U-shaped course of the Tennessee River (although scarcely three miles by the wagon- road across Moccasin Point, which is the peninsula enclosed within the U), and by bringing up Hooker's column to occupy that valley in force, and guard the roads run- ning thither from Bridgeport. In what proportion the credit of planning these movements should be distrib- uted among Grant, W. F. ("Balcly") Smith, and Thomas, it does not concern us here to inquire. Embarking promptly, the troops were instructed to maintain perfect silence, keep close to the right bank of the river, and, on reaching their landing-place, to form with all possi- ble speed, and seize the positions which would be pointed out to them. At 3 a. m. on the 27th, the whole force started, twelve hundred picked men in fifty-two boats, and organized in four sections or detachments, the first of which General Hazen accompanied. Six squads of the 6th Ohio, occupying as many boats, formed the Third Regiment of the second detachment ( Colonel Wiley ) ; the seventh squad, under Lieutenant Meline, being de- tached as rear-guard for the entire fleet. Meantime the remainder of Hazen's Brigade, under Lieutenant Colonel MANEUVERING ABOUT CHATTANOOGA. 193 Lang-don, and the whole of Turchin's Brigade had filed over the pontoon bridge at Chattanooga, and were march- ing across Moccasin Point as supports. The expedition was a complete success, and gave us a permanent posi- tion in Lookout Valley on the south side of the river. On October 25th the Third Brigade was relieved of the position in the line of defense, and ordered to march, crossing the river to the north on pontoons, under com- mand of Colonel Post, of the 59th Illinois (Colonel Grose being sick), and west on the north side of the river over Walden's Ridge, to the river opposite Shell Mound, cross- ing the same and thence to Whiteside Station, on the railroad, fifteen miles west of Chattanooga, on the route to Bridgeport. They arrived there October 31st, for outpost duty at that important position. They rebuilt the railroad bridge over Running Water, fortified the camp, and frequently moved out to see after the enemy. The enemy held Lookout Valley at this time, and the south bank of the river at Brown's Ferry. The road to Kel- ley's Ferry, a few miles farther down the river, turns to the right. The enemy held the hills commanding these roads, and it was anticipated he would dispute their pos- session. The approach of a large Union force from Bridgeport, a few hours after the lodgement at Brown's Ferry, must have shown to General Bragg that the co- operative movements were designed to raise the siege of Chattanooga, and that he would have to crush Hooker, or interpose a force between him and Brown's Ferry. So Longstreet, on the night following October 28th, moved upon the force under General Hooker, about midnight, and a bloody fight took place, with success to Hooker. By such veterans as Howard and Geary, with their Divi- sions with Hooker. Longstreet's force was driven from the field across the creek to Lookout Mountain, burning the bridges behind them. This gave to the Union Army 194 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. Brown's Ferry and all below, and the valley west of the creek, which continued in possession of the Union Army, with Hooker in place to hold the same. On November 5th Colonel Grose rejoined his Brigade, able for duty, and took command, with active labor for the troops until November 23d. when orders came to move and report to General Hooker in Lookout Valley. The official report of Colonel Grose of the part taken by the Third Brigade is as follows : Headquarters Third Brigade, First . i Division. Fourth Army Corps. Whiteside, Tenn.. December 4th, 1863. j Lieutenant J. W. A. Wright, Acting Ass't Adft Gen:: .Sir : In accordance with duty I have the honor to report the part my Brigade took in the recent battles be- fore Chattanooga. On the 23d of November, under orders and the command of Brigadier General Cruft, I marched from this place with part of my command, 84th Illinois, Colonel Waters ; 9th Indiana, Colonel Simian ; 75th Illinois, Colonel Bennett ; 36th Indiana, Major Trusler ; 59th Illinois. Major Hale, and 24th Ohio, Captain Bacon ; effective force, officers and men, 1.093. We marched that day to Lookout Valley and reported to Major General Hooker, where we rested for the night and were ready to move at daylight on the morning of the 24th. at which time I was ordered with my command to the front and in- formed that General Hooker desired to see me in person. I repaired to his quarters and received instructions to move with my command and drive the enemy from and effect a crossing of Lookout Creek, at a destroyed bridge near the railroad crossing of that creek, which courses along the base of Lookout Mountain. I immediately went forward in advance of the troops to make observations and learn the position, and found the enemy's pickets on the east bank and ours on the west, within thirty paces of each other, enjoying a friendship which was soon after broken and turned into wrath upon the approach of my forces. THE BATTLE OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 195 I discovered soon that the creek was more swollen than was expected, and the only means of passage was to repair a space in the center of the bridge of about fifteen feet, which was strongly covered by the enemy from their ritie- pits on the opposite side, and from the railroad embank- ment, which gave them complete protection. I ordered up the 84th Illinois, supported by the 75th Illinois. The former, in line with the proper skirmishers, advanced through a bayou or pond, in some places to their waists, drove the enemy under cover and soon occupied the west bank of the creek, and Captain Chambers of the 36th In- diana, with a detail, was sent forward to do the work, but it was found impracticable without too great a loss. In the meantime Captain Bacon, with the i'-fth Ohio, had moved upon the left of the two Illinois Regiments and was briskly skirmishing with the enemy along the creek. General Hooker, from a hill to the rear, soon saw the impractica- bility of crossing and desired to see me. On reporting to the General, he directed me to take the other four Regi- ments not then in position and proceed to the creek a mile above and to the right, where General Wood's Brigade, of General Osterhaus' Division, was constructing a pole bridge, which was nearly completed. When I arrived at the crossing point. I met General Wood there ; he had some skirmishers over the creek and a Regiment ready to follow. As soon as that Regiment passed over, the General kindly gave me the use of the bridge, when I at once crossed over the four Regiments and prolonged the line of battle on his right. I formed in double lines, the 36th Indiana and 59th Illinois in front line, the right of my lines connecting with the left of the Brigade of General Whitaker and of General Geary, still to my right, who had advanced from a crossing yet further to the right and higher up the creek. The lines were thus formed obliquely up the slope of the mountain, and the grand forward move was soon in motion, moving forward as fast as the men and officers could climb (for all were on foot), sweeping everything before them, over rebel camps and rebel rifle-pits. As the lines advanced so that the left of General Wood's Brigade neared the position of the 84th and 75th Illinois, flanking the rilie-pits of the enemy defending the crossing, the enemy was so surprised 196 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. at the " Yankee trick" that the most of them threw down their arms and surrendered. These two regiments imme- diately crossed under command of General Cruft, and ex- tended the main line of battle on the left, covering and ad- vancing on the main Chattanooga road over the point of the mountain slope. The two Regiments of Colonels Wa- ters and Bennett, the latter in front, with the whole line only halted when imperative orders were received to "pur- sue to the crest of Lookout slope only and no further," un- til further orders. , The 84th and 75th Illinois had already been gallantly pressed forward four or five hundred yards in advance of the crest and beyond and to the left of the White House, and sufficiently far to uncover the mouth of Chattanooga Creek and allow troops to pass from the city to our rear. My other Regiments were in the line rather above and to the right of the White House, but fully cover- ing the plateau of ground on which it is situated. There were two Regiments of the troops on my right immediately under the high ledge of rocks at the top of the mountain and further advanced than the center of the line. I was greatly annoyed with overtures to relieve these two Regi- ments with Regiments from my command, and before night- fall I sent the 59th Illinois and 9th Indiana to relieve them, making now four Regiments of mine in the front line, two on the extreme left and two on the right and far in advance of all other Regiments. At the point now occupied by these two Regiments there was constant firing kept up on both sides, and about 8 o'clock p. m. Colonel Suman and Major Hale, commanding those two Regiments on the right, reported their ammuni- tion exhausted, when the 36th Indiana and 24th Ohio were sent to relieve them, who held the position until about mid- night, when the firing ceased on both sides, the enemy evi- dently having retired from our front and, as afterwards appeared, from the top of the mountain, but not until these two latter Regiments had also exhausted their ammunition. Thus all my Regiments had been in the front line during this engagement. The ground in front of the center of the line, in and about the White House, I believe was the com mon stock of the skirmishers of all the commands engaged, and at the house they found, in part, two pieces of the ene- THE BATTLE OF MISSIONARY RIDGE. 197 my's Artillery (with the limbers), which was not in use upon our advance. Early the next morning", the enemy having entirely left the mountain, the stars and stripes in triumph waved upon the point of rocks on the summit of this grand old mountain. This was the conclusive evidence to observ- ers for many miles around that one of the greatest feats of the war had been performed by our soldiers, in successfully storming this stronghold and taking as prisoners most of the enemy there posted. Our advancing lines completely enfiladed most of the enemy's works, which were poorly adapted to the defense of the position. Early on the morning of November 25th, the 84th and 75th Illinois were advanced on the left to make a recon- noissance,and captured some rebel guards, camps, baggage and several boxes of arms, near the road from Chattanooga up the mountain to Summertown, and found that the main force of the enemy had evacuated Chattanooga Valley. These facts being reported, the whole force under General Hooker moved about 10 o'clock a. m. toward Rossville, sit- uate at the base of Missionary Ridge, five miles distant from Chattanooga, and at which place the Lafayette road passes through a gorge in the Ridge. Having to rebuild the destroyed bridge over Chattanooga Creek, it was after 2 o'clock p. m. before our advance. General Osterhaus' Division reached the rebel lines, strongly posted in the gorge. The attack was soon made, however, and the ad- vance Division forced the passage, routed the enemy and moved forward through the gorge. As my advance ap- proached the passage in the Ridge, General Cruft directed me to move up the point of the Ridge to the left, and at right angles with the road. As we ascended the point of the Ridge, a brisk fire was opened from the summit upon some Cavalry escort in our front. They soon found other quarters and gave way for our Infantry. The 9th Indiana. Colonel Suman, was in advance, and seemingly by intuition came into line, with skirmishers in front, supported by the 59th Illinois. Major Hale, in double quick on the left ; the 84th Illinois and 36th Indiana, in the second line; the 75th Illinois and 24th Ohio, formed the third line. By the time the rear lines were formed the advance line had charged and driven the enemy from two lines of barricades, visiting L98 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. him with severe punishment, killing and wounding a large number and taking prisoners all the remainder that were behind the barricades Two Regiments of General Whit- aker's Brigade soon came up on the left of my second and third lines on the slope of the Ridge. General Geary's Divi- sion advancing still further to the left in the valley. .At the same time General Osterhaus' Division was advancing on the east side of the Ridge to my right. We continued the advance, meeting and driving more of the enemy north- ward on the Ridge., At the same time heavy firing was going on a couple of miles in front. As we approached it seemed to be advancing toward us. and turned out to be General Johnson's Division. Fourteenth Corps, driving the enemy south on the Ridge. When his lines and ours approached within MOO or 900 yards of each other, the enemy's forces between us threw down their arms, and tiring and the destruction of life ceased, and it appeared to me that we had more prisoners between than we had men in our own lines. Here we disposed of pris mers. cared for the wounded, buried the dead, and rested for the night. Colonel Sum an and Major Hale, with their Regiments, deserve favorable mention for daring and gallant conduct on this occasion. On the morning of the 26th our forces moved on the Ring- gold road in pursuit of the routed enemy. Two Divisions of the Fourteenth Corps, under Major General Palmer, had the advance, followed by General Osterhaus' Division, then came the two Brigades of our Division, followed by Gen- eral Geary's Division. Delayed at. Chieamauga to rebuild a bridge, we reached Peavine Valley about sunset, and the forces advanced cautiously through its wood and dense un- derbrush, until the advance peached the Lafayette road, wdiere it found a Battery and train of the enemy moving. One volley captured all. scattering the men therewith in every direction. General Palmer's forces there took the Grayville road. Our Division moved forward out of the valley, ascended the hill, gathering up many scattering pris- oners, and rested tor the night four miles from Ringgold. At early day on the morning of the 27th General Osterhaus took the advance, followed by our Division. At about 8 o'clock we approached the town and found the enemy in force on White Oak Ridge, and in the gorge through which PURSUING THE ENEMY. L99 Middle Chicamauga Hows beyond the town. A severe en- gagement soon commenced, our forces endeavoring to carry the position by a front assault. The action lasted about four hours with heavy loss to us. At last the place was carried and the enemy driven. My Brigade had been placed in position in the town and took no part, but was under tire where I lost one man killed. Shortly after the enemy had been driven from their position, I received orders to move with my command in pursuit, and was soon under way. Skirmishing with their rear guard soon commenced, but destroyed bridges made the pursuit difficult and slow. We followed them until night, a distance of three miles, and found what appeared to be a Division in a well-selected position, and in accordance with orders I returned to Ring- gold. We recaptured two of our wounded men. took two more prisoners., found broken caissons, wagons. ambulanc* (S, dead and dying men of the enemy strewn along the way to a horrible extent. We remained at Ringgold until the evening of November 30th. when I received orders to return to Whiteside, via the Chicamauga battle-field. We marched to Reid's farm on West Chicamauga. six miles, and camped for the night. On December 1st we crossed the creek and proceeded about two miles to the memorable battle-field of the 19th and 20th of September. 1863. We buried the remains of about four hundred of our brave fallen comrades, that had been the prey of animals for two and a half months. On the lel'i of our line the dead of the enemy, over a portion of the ground, had been well buried, and ours tolerably well covered, but toward the center and right bu1 few of ours were attempted to be buried or covered at all The heads and feel of those on that part of the field where the bodies had been slightly covered, were mostly uncovered, and frequently found sep- arated and some distance from the bodies. On the west of the road from Lee and Gordon's Mills to Rossville, and on our center and right, and as far as 1 went to the south, bul few burials had been attempted of either parly. We had not time to explore the entire field, and do doubt main of our soldiers remain unburied yet. All good clothing had been stripped from the bodies. Such a sight of inhumanity I hope never to witness again. 200 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. On December 2d we marched to our old quarters at this post, and thus ended our part of a fruitful campaign. My command took prisoners as follows, the evidence of which is herewith forwarded : List of names and rank taken by my Provost Marshal, 245 ; wounded on Missionary Ridge and prisoners. 21 ; voucher of Lieutenant Jaques, Provost Marshal of Division (with 4 officers ), 115 ; voucher of Cap- tain Woodbury, 24th Ohio Volunteers, 159 ; voucher of Cap- tain Tolby, 27th Missouri, 37 ; captured by Colonel Suman on Missionary Ridge and turned over to the Regiment on his right, as he states, which was one of General Wood's Regiments, 200 ; total, 777. The conduct of the officers and men of my command was highly commendable, and I thank them for a prompt obedi- dience and execution of all orders, without regard to danger or fatigue. I am under obligations to my Staff Officers for kind and willing assistance rendered me during the cam- paign. The following is a table of the casualties in the Brigade during the campaign : COMMAND. KILLED. WOUNDED. TOTAL. AG- *c w C E C E GATE. 36th Indiana 1 2 1 4 1 4 10 22 13 2 4 4 1 4 11 24 14 2 4 4 11 9th Indiana 25 59th Illinois 18 75th Illinois 9 H4th Illinois 4 24th Ohio 4 Totals 5 55 5 59 64 Knowing that I tilled every post of danger required of me, I rejoice that so few of my men have fallen, compared with former battles. Lists of the casualties accompany the reports of the Regimental commanders respectively, which for further particulars are herewith forwarded. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, W. Grose, Colonel commanding. * Commissioned officers, t Enlisted men. IN CAMP AT CLEVELAND. 203 The Brigade, after its return from the battles about Chattanooga, remained on light duty and routine of camp life until January 27th. 1864, when orders came to move from Whiteside Station, and on that day we struck tents and marched to Lookout Creek, next day over the Nose of Lookout Mountain, of Chattanooga Creek, thence to Tyner's Station, east to Chattanooga, and on Febru- ary 1st started as escort for bridge builders to Charles- ton, farther north in East Tennessee. We came in sight of Johnnies occasionally, but none that wanted to hold close communion with the Brigade, and after delivering the builders safely for the bridge labor, the Brigade returned to Blue Springs, two miles south of the town of Cleveland, and went into camp, expecting to remain for some time, and did so, with a good camping ground, good water, and plenty of w T ood, without taking the top rail. There was a majority of Union people at and about the town. Some that had been absent returned when the Union Army came, and some that had been thej e departed at the same time, or before. Upon the request of citizens of the town the Brigade commander, on the evening of February 10th, made a speech to an audience estimated at 2,000 people, and the Government had the cheers of both men and women in that locality. While the Union Army was there they felt free to so express themselves. At this time there were many rumors as to where the rebel forces were, now under command of General Joseph Johnstone, who had succeeded General Bragg. It was suspected that Johnstone was at Dalton and Tunnel Hill. General Grant ordered a strong reconnoissance to be made and strongly pressed to learn the strength and position of Johnstone's Army. The Third Brigade was of the force to engage, and on February 22d, that noted day, advanced by the way of Red Clay, on the State 202 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. line, toward Dalton. The Colonel's official report of the Brigade -Seven days before Dalton" gives the history as then written, as follows : Headquarters Third Brigade. First j Division. Fourth Army Corps. Blue Springs, Tenn.. Feb. 29. 1*64. ' Major W. H. Sine/air. Jss'f Jifj't Gen. Firs/ Division : Sir : I have the honor to report the part taken by this Brigade in the recent seven days before Dalton. I was ordered by the Division commander, and marched from this place to take part in the reconnoissance toward the enemy on the 22d of February. 1864, with the 84th Illinois. Colonel Waters. 75th Illinois. Colonel Bennett. 36th Indiana. Lieu- tenant Colonel Carey, 30tb Indiana. Lieutenant Colonel Hurd. 80th Illinois. Lieutenant Colonel Kilgour. and 24th Ohio. Lieutenant Colonel Cockerill, with Battery H. 4th U. S. Artillery, Lieutenant Hulman ; effective force, officers and men, 1.796. My Brigade having the advance, the 36th Indiana marching in front, we moved toward Red Clay, or " Counsel Ground." on the Georgia State line, a distance of eight miles, arriving there at 12:30 p. m I was there or- dered bj T the General commanding the Division to move on the road toward Dalton. and if possible find the enemy. I advanced three miles to Wade's and found the enemy's pickets, drove them, and directed Captain Vananthwerp. with his Company of the 4th Michigan Cavalry, to pursue them, which he did promptly one and a half miles. Upon the Cavalry rejoining the Brigade we returned to Red Clay and rested for the night. February 23d we marched with the Division. via-Dr. Lee's house, twelve miles to near Catoosa Springs. Georgia, to make a junction with the Fourteenth Corps, and arrived there about 9 o'clock p. m. February 24th we marched back east to Dr. Lee's house, with the Division. I was here directed to move southeast toward Dal- ton. crossing the ridge three miles north of the place known as Tunnel Hill, with my Infantry and one section of Artil- lery, the latter under command of Lieutenant Stansbury. I SEVEN DAYS BEFORE DALTON. 203 passed the first and a second ridge 1o a road running south on the eastern base of the latter, along the road to Neil's farm, six miles from Dalton. At this point I made a junc- tion with Colonel Long,in command of six hundred Cavalry. lie was in position and skirmishing with the enemy. He had left Charleston, Tennessee, passed around on Spring I Mace Road, thence west by Varnell's Station to the position at which I found him. Neil's farm is six miles northwest of Dalton. and three miles north of the Chattanooga & Dal- ton railroad. We both advanced on the wagon road south toward Glaze's house at the railroad. The ridge to our right at this place (Neil's house) soon changes to the southeasl and continues that direction until it passes be- yond Davis' house at the western base of the ridge, at which point the road crosses to the west side of the ridge. Five hundred yards beyond and southeast from the pas- sage of the road over the ridge, a gorge separates the ridge, through which a creek flows to the west, south of which the ridge bears to the west of south one and a fourth miles to the railroad, at a point three miles north of west from Dalton and at a point one and a half miles east of the gorge through Rocky Face Ridge or Buzzard Roost, form- ing a valley east of Rocky Face Ridge about one and a half miles wide, running from Davis' house south to the railroad a like distance. We steadily advanced. Colonel Long talcing the Lead, and drove the enemy from all the ridge north of the creek. Upon entering the valley Col- onel Long's command passed to the right along the base of the ridge to the west. The 84th and 75th Illinois Infan i vy were moved forward in the valley on the Left of the Cav- alry, covering the slope of the eastern ridge wit h skirmish- ers i brown forward and to the Left to cover the ridge and llanlc of the line. The 24th Ohio was thrown forward in rear of the Cavalry to supporl them. In this form we pressed the enemy to within three hundred yards of the railroad, the command of Colonel Long driving the rebel Infantry ou1 of their camp immediately a1 the road. We continued in this position, skirmishing in front, for some time, when lines of the enemy's [nfantry commenced an advance upon us. A few well-directed rounds from the section of Artillery, with the aid of a heavy skirmish Line, 204 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. brought them to a halt and put them under cover. It was now near night, and learning from the prisoners that Stew- art's rebel Division was in our front and Stevenson's near by. and not knowing that it was possible to have any as- sistance during the night, at dusk I withdrew the forces. leaving the Cavalry and 80th Illinois Infantry at Neil's farm and retiring the residue to Widow Burk's house, re- ported the facts and rested for the night. February 25th, at early day. Brigadier General Cruft, Division commander, promptly came up with the other two Brigades, and b'y his orders all moved forward to Neil's farm, the enemy having occupied the ridge where the road passes over toward Davis' house and for near a mile to the north. Our lines were soon formed, my Brigade on the ridge to the right, covering the summit and extending well over the western slope ; the 30th Indiana and 75th and HOth Illinois in the front line, from right to left in the order I have named them ; the 84th Illinois. 24th Ohio and 36th Indiana in the second line. The Second Brigade, Colonel Champion, formed on my left. Colonel Long's Cavalry extending his left, the other Brigade, Colonel Dickerman, in reserve. It was now about 9 a. m. Major General Palmer appeared on the field and wished to see me. I reported to him in front on the skirmish line. After consultation the General informed me that we would not advance until General Baird's Division should arrive in the valley to my right. About 11 o'clock all was ready, I sounded the forward, and the whole line moved off in splendid order. I rode with Colonel Bennett. 75th Illinois, whose Battalion was the Battalion of Direction. I was upon the summit of the ridge, with good opportunities to observe well the movements and grandeur of the scene to the right and left of the long blue lines moving to battle. A grander sight my eye has never beheld. The direction was left oblique to keep the bearing of the ridge, my Artil- lery following the lines closely and bearing part at every halt. We had not more than started before the skirmishers became closely engaged in all the woodland covering the ridge. The advance was steady and rapid, clearing the enemy from the ridge as we went. When my lines had reached the creek at the gorge and beyond Davis' house in the valley, the skirmishers well advanced beyond, a Staff SEVEN DAYS BEFORE DALTON. 205 Officer rode up and informed me that General Palmer de- sired me to have halted on the ridge. I at once halted where 1 was. We remained in this position during the afternoon, having heavy skirmishing and Artillery practice in the meantime, the enemy occupying the ridge and valley south of the e reek that I had possession of the day before. W i 1 h ten thousand more men to our left. Dalton. no doubt, would have fallen an easy prey to our arms. At night, the object of the reconnoissance being ended, we were ordered and with the Division retired to Dr. Lee*s farm, on the west of the Tunnel Hill range of ridges and three miles north of that place. February 26th. at about 9 o'clock a. m.. I moved my com- mand southeast one mile, on to the ridge two miles north of the Tunnel, threw out some skirmishers on to the east- ern slope, met some rebel Cavalry that was attempting to follow us. and drove them out of sight and hearing. In the evening we moved down southwest into the valley at Israel's house, rested until 9 o'clock p. m.. was ordered and marched westward to the •• Stone Church. " near Catoosa Platform, ami rested the remainder of the night. February 27th we started at 12 o'clock noon and marched to Ewing's farm. north nine miles, and camped for the night. February 28th we marched at 7 o'clock a. m. . and arrived in cam}) at this place at 12 o'clock noon; command in good condition. I can with pleasure refer to the prompt and willing co-oper- ation and obedience of the officers and men of my command during this short campaign, and I regard myself as truly fortunate in being surrounded by first-class officers, both of Infantry and Artillery, and braver soldiers never went upon a battle field. My Staff Officers and non-commissioned Staff have alike niv kindest regards for their efficient aid and assistance during the dangers and fatigues. My sincere condolence and high appreciation of the merits of fallen braves attend them. Major Watson. 75th Illinois, wounded by a falling tree, effects of Artillery tiring. deserves notice as a noble officer. I hope lie may soon recover. The following shows the casualties of the Brigade while on the reconnoissance : 206 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. KILLED. WOUNDED. missing. TOTAL. AG- *C | tE c E C | E c E GATE 75th Illinois . . 80th Illinois . . 84th Illinois . . 30th Indiana. . 36th Indiana. . 24th Ohio .... Bat. H, 4th A. 1 1 6 4 3 2 12 1 1 3 -' 6 4 3 3 3 12 1 8 4 3 3 3 12 1 Totals 1 | 1 28 1 3 2 32 34 For more detailed accounts I refer to the accompanying reports of the Regimental and Battery commanders. Ex- hibit "A" herewith, gives the topography of the ground in the vicinity of the contest. All of which is respectfully submitted. I have the honor to be, Major, your humble servant, W. Grose, Colonel commanding. The loss in this movement was light to the Brigade and the 36th Indiana, probably a couple of hundred loss to each of the tw T o Armies. As a reconnoissance to the Union side it was necessary and a success ; it seemingly recalled two Divisions that General Johnston had sent against General Sherman toward Knoxville. The chief advantages to General Grant were the development of the strength, position and purposes of General John- ston. Having ended the defensive. General Thomas now commenced preparations for the offensive spring cam- paign. February ended with the situation by no means developed. Neither were the plans of General Johnston in any way indicated; contradictory reports were daily received. Yet the rebel Army of Johnston still remained Commissioned officers. I Unlisted men. PREPARING FOR THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. I 1 !)? at Dal ton. with his Cavalry harrassing the Lines of trans portation of the Federal Army. On the 17th of March General Grant was appointed Lieutenant General in command of the entire Army of the United States, and General Sherman was assigned to the command of the Division of the Mississippi, which gave the contemplated campaign into Georgia a closer relation to operations against Lee's Army in Virginia than had previously existed between movements Eas1 and West. The union of the Armies of the Cumberland, Tennes- see and Ohio in a campaign south from Chattanooga as a base, had been determined upon, and preparations of the grandest dimensions possible were at once begun with vigor. General Johnston also was not idle, though he was restrained in his preparations for an offensive movement that it was expected in the South and by the Davis government he would be able to make in such force as to change the battle-fields to the North, rather than to the South — which the enemies of the Government did not realize. During April careful and vigilant attention was given to roads and to ascertain the location of the enemy, so as to be ready for a general advance of the united Armies. And important changes were made in the Army of the Cumberland, which, as affecting the First Division, were as follows : Fourth Army Corps.- Major General 0. O. Howard commanding. First Division.— Major General David S. Stanley commanding. First Brigade.— General Charles Crufl commanding. 1st Kentucky Infantry. 2d Kentucky Infantry. 21st Illi- nois Infantry. 38th Illinois Infantry. 31s1 Indiana Infan- 208 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. try. 81st Indiana Infantry, 90th Ohio Infantry. 101st Ohio Infantry. Second Brigade. — General W. C. Whittaker command- ing. 21st Kentucky Infantry. 35th Indiana Infantry. 84th Indiana Infantry. 40th Ohio Infantry. 51st Ohio Infantry. 99th Ohio Infantry, 96th Illinois Infantry. 115th Illinois Infantry. Third Brigade. — Colonel William Grose commanding. 9th Indiana Infantry, 30th Indiana Infantry, 36th Indiana Infantry. 59th Illinois Infantry, 75th Illinois Infantry, 80th Illinois Infantry, 84th Illinois Infantry, 77th Penn- sylvania Infantry. Artillery. — 5th Indiana Battery. Battery B, Independent Pennsylvania. CHAPTER X. THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. On the 29th of April a tentative advance was made by General Baird. having reference to the general move- ment contemplated for the united Armies under General Sherman. He sent a Cavalry force under General Kil- patrick, supported by Colonel Vandeveer*s Brigade, to feel the position of the enemy at Tunnel Hill. These forces encountered the enemy and drove him some dis- tance, which developed a greatly superior force, and they were compelled to withdraw. On the first of May, 1864, was a crisis of the war. Two of the largest Armies hitherto assembled. East or West, were in readiness to move against the enemy at the bidding of the Lieutenant General. The objective points of these Armies were distinct, but the common object was the immediate suppression of the rebellion. The object was to crush Lee*s Army covering Richmond, and Johnston's standing before Dalton. These two Armies were the remaining life of the wicked rebellion. General Grant was to forbid the transfer of troops from Virginia to Georgia by vigor of attack, and General Sherman was to press Johnston to the extent that he could not send Lee help from Georgia to Virginia, The campaigns. East or West, had never been undertaken under conditions of similar promise, and the loyal people, were hopeful of an early and complete success. The Fourth Corps lay about Cleveland. Grose's Bri- gade at Blue Springs with most of the Division, await- 210 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. ing' orders to move, which came to march on the 3d day of May. General Grose at the time had leave of absence for home to attend the marriage of his daughter. The Regimental commanders of the Brigade, learning the facts, visited him and requested him not to leave, but to remain with the command upon the forward movement, to which he consented, and missed the wedding. The official report of the part taken in the campaign by the Brigade, in full detail, is as follows : Headquarters Third Brigade, First i Division. Fourth Army Corps, Atlanta. Ga., September 5, 1864. ) < 'aptain E. D. Muxoik Ass'f Adft Gen., First Division: Sir : In completion of my duties in connection with the arduous campaign just closed, I have the honor to report the part taken therein by my command ; the 59th Illinois, Colonel Post ; 75th Illinois, Colonel Bennett ; 84th Illinois, Colonel Waters ; 80th Illinois. Lieutenant Colonel Kilgour ; 9th Indiana. Colonel Suman ; 36th Indiana. Lieutenant Col- onel Carey ; 30th Indiana. Captain Dawson ; 77th Pennsyl- vania. Captain Lawson. to which was attached Battery B. Pennsylvania ; effective force, officers and men. about 2,900. By orders from Major General Stanley. Division comman- der, we inarched with the balance of his command, on the 3d day of May. 1864, from our camp at Blue Springs, near Cleveland, Tenn., to Red Clay, on the Georgia State line, and camped for the night. May 4th we marched with the Division to Catoosa Springs. Georgia, with light skirmish- ing, for concentration with the Army, where we rested until May 7th, when we advanced with the Corps, drove the enemy from and took possession of Tunnel Hill, Georgia. For several succeeding days we advanced upon and ineffectually endeavored to drive the enemy from Rocky Face Ridge, in our front. My position was on the left of the rail and wagon road leading through Buzzard Roost Gap. on the Dalton roads. The enemy had strongly fortified this pass and the high ridge on either side. I had some previous knowledge THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. I'll of the position and knew that it was impregnable to our assaults, but in obedience to orders we frequently made the attempt, with a heavy skirmish line at which my loss was about forty men. Finally, a portion of our Army havin°- passed the ridge further south, on the morning of the L3th of May it was found thai the enemy had retired from our front, when I was ordered and moved in pursuit on the Dal- ton road, but soon came up with the rear- guard of the retreat- ing enemy and skirmishing commenced. We drove them to and through Dalton. My forces (9th and 36th Indiana) were the first to enter the place, so long a stronghold of the enemy. We continued the pursuit, and at about ll* m., three miles south of Dalton. on the Resaca road, we came upon the enemy in line upon a high, wooded hill. As we approached he opened upon us with a Battery of Artillery. Our Artillery was placed in position and a heavy duel com- menced across a large, open farm, with a low valley be- tween. The 9th and 36th Indiana, supported on the right by the 84th Illinois, were ordered into line and advanced across the valley "double quick.'* under a heavy fire, as- cended the wooded hill, drove the enemy from his barricades and carried the place, with very light loss. This was the last of our fighting for the day. We advanced a few miles to the right, entered Sugar Valley and camped, with the Corps in line, for the night. May 14th. — Early this morning our Corps moved toward the enemy's posh ion at Resaca. on the right bank of Aus- tanoola River, Georgia, At about 12 m. we came upon the enemy in position about three miles from the river. The face of the country, rough and hilly, interspersed with small farms, but mostly heavy woodland with thick under- brush. I was directed and put my command in position, in double lines, on the lefl of General Hazen's Brigade of General Wood's Division. The 77th Pennsylvania, H()th Illinois. 75th Illinois and 30th Indiana in the front lines. The ground was too rough for the Artillery to move with us. At about 1 o'clock General Wood informed me that he was ready to advance, and I had received orders to advance in conjunction with his Division. The other two Brigades of our Division were to have been in line on my left, but did not come up. and the lines advanced about L* o'clock, my I'll 1 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. Brigade on the extreme left of the advancing lines. We drove the enemy from the woodland in which we formed, across a farm in my front, through another woodland, thence over another small valley farm, and over a high wooded hill beyond, upon which we were ordered to halt, a farm in a valley to our front and the enemy fortified on the wooded hills beyond. Here I caused barricades to be con- structed in front of my front lines. Late in the afternoon the other two Brigades of our Division came up and took position on my left. The enemy near night advanced upon them and drove them back. When I discovered them giv- ing way I immediately formed a line from my rear Regi- ments facing to my left perpendicular to the rear, to pro- tect the left flank of the main line. This new formation was made by the 59th Illinois, one wing of the 84th Illinois and 36th Indiana. It was formed and ready for action, with skirmishers out, in less than ten minutes. Our Bat- teries in the meantime had been brought up and put in position, under the command and personal supervision of the gallant, brave and lamented Captain Symonson of the 5th Indiana Battery, on the left of this flank line. But the enemy moved rapidly forward toward and to the left of the Batteries, with, as he thought, no doubt, a sure prize be- fore him. But the ever-ready Major General Jo Hooker was advancing with his Corps at this point, and met the advancing enemy, engaged and drove him back with severe punishment. My front line was engaged at long range with the enemy while the fight with Hooker was going on. Night soon threw her mantle over the bloody scene, and all was quiet except continued skirmishing. In this day's battle some of our bravest and best officers and men were amongst the fallen. My Acting Assistant Inspector Gen- eral, Captain Davis, 77th Pennsylvania, brave, good soldier, fell here. May 15th. — Major General Hooker's Corps advanced on my left, my left swinging round to assist, and a severe en- gagement ensued in which we gained signal advantages, capturing prisoners and Artillery, and the enemy had to retreat during the night, leaving most of his dead and wounded in our possession. May 16th. — We jmrsued the retreating enemy, crossed THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. 213 the Austanoola at Resaca, advanced to near Calhoun and camped for the night. May 17th. — Advanced, encountering the enemy's rear with heavy skirmishing, to near Adairsville, Georgia and lay for the night, My command not engaged today. May 18th. Passed Adairsville, the enemy retreating with light skirmishing, and camped on the Kingston road for the night. May i9th.-Moved on to Kingston, found the enemy in position, attacked and drove him. most of Fourth Corps engaged. My command captured enemy's hospitals, with property, etc. Continued to drive the enemy, with heavy skirmishing and Artillery firing on both sides, so at night- fall the enemy was driven into his prepared trenches on a high ridge to the southeast of Cassville. At this point we made a junction with the Twentieth Corps. Major General Hooker, and during the night the enemy a^ain retreated crossing the Etawah River, seven miles distant, burning the bridges behind him. Our loss not heavy. We rested in camp at Cassville until May 23. when we marched ; crossed the Etawah River to the right of the Atlanta road, and camped at Euharlee. May 24th. -Marched to Burnt Hickory. May 25th. — Advanced toward Dallas, crossed Pumpkin- vine Creek; rested in reserve in rear of Major General Hooker s Corps while he had heavy fighting in front, late in the evening. May 26th.— Moved into position on left of Twentieth Corps, pressed close upon the enemy's lines and fortified four miles north of Dallas. May 27th.— Changed position to the left, relieving Gen- eral Wood's troops. Close skirmishing all day. May 28th.— Advanced; drove in the enemy's outposts and fortified. May 29th. -Advanced the Battery to front line. Heavy skirmishing. During the night the enemy attacked and was repulsed with severe loss. We continued the varied scenes some changes in position with heavy skirmishing until the mght of the 4th of June. whea the enemy withdrew from our front. June (5th.- Marched with the Corps east ten miles, to l!14 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. within two and a half miles of Ackworth, on the railroad, where we remained with comparative quiet until June 10th, when we moved three miles southeast and found the enemy in strong position on Pine Mountain, in my front. Skir mishing commenced and continued until the night of the 13th of June, when the enemy retired, and my Brigade ad- vanced upon the mountain early on the morning of June 14th. On this mountain is where Bishop Polk. General of the rebel Army, fell by a shot from the 5th Indiana Battery, under Captain Symonson. The Battery was in position at the front and right of my lines. We pursued the enemy two miles to his new position, and found him strongly fortified. June 16th. — Advanced my lines of trenches with hard skirmishing. On this day we had the misfortune to lose the brave and gallant officer. Captain Symonson, our Chief of Artillery. June 17th. — The enemy again withdrew. We pursued, Wood's Division in front, with heavy skirmishing. June 19th. — The enemy retired during the night. We pursued, my Brigade in advance. At two miles we came upon the enemy upon the east side of a large farm. My lines were formed for an attack, the 9th and 36th Indiana and 80th and 84th Illinois in the front line, advanced and drove the enemy from his position and into his fortifica- tions upon Kenesaw Mountain and the adjacent hills. My loss was severe, particularly in officers. Lieutenant Bow- man, 36th Indiana, fell mortally wounded, bravely leading his men in the advance. June 20th. — Contest continued, the enemy trying to hold, and we to drive him from a swamp between our main trenches, in which we succeeded, but were compelled to abandon a portion of the ground because of a destructive tire from the enemy's Artillery bearing thereon from his main works. Upon the evening of this day the !)th Indiana, afterward relieved by the 59th Illinois, was mo'ved across the creek to the right to assist the Second Brigade. General Whittaker. I have seen by the newspapers that the enemy made seven unsuccessful assaults on the lines of this Bri- gade at this point. I will have to refer to the reports of Colonel Suman, 9th Indiana, and Colonel Post, 59th Illinois. for the facts in the premises, as they participated in what- THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. 215 ever fighting took place. In these two days the losses in my command were very heavy. June 21st. — On this day I was ordered to send my rear Regiments to the right of the Division to support the Pirsl Brigade in an attack and critical position, and accordingly moved with the 84th and 80th Illinois. 30th Indiana and 77th Pennsylvania to the position indicated, and was placed in reserve. June 22d. — Moved with the whole Brigade during after- noon and night two miles to the right, to support and relieve a part of the Twentieth Corps. Took position in close prox- imity to the enemy, and fortified. June :23d. — Was ordered and made an attack on the ene- my's line, which was unsuccessful and with fearful loss upon our skirmish line, heavily formed Lieutenant Hendricks. 36th Indiana, an accomplished young officer.fell dead in this attack, pierced by a minie ball. June 24th, 25th and 26th. — Heavy firing at the entrenched position of the enemy, four hundred and fifty yards distant. June 27th. — Heavy assault made upon the enemy's lines at various points. My. command was in one line, all in the tnmches, and was not to advance, yet suffered considerable loss. The assault failed, with heavy loss to our arms. Heavy skirmishing and Artillery tiling kept up on both sides until the night of the I'd of July, when the enemy re- treated under cover of the night and loosed his hold and position on Kenesaw Mountain and vacated Marietta. July 3d.— Pursued the enemy early, my Brigade in ad- vance. 59th Illinois first to enter Marietta. Found the enemy in the evening five miles from Marietta, on Atlanta road, strongly entrenched. July 4th. — Celebrated this National anniversary by a charge over a large corn farm, carried the enemy's outer works, taking many prisoners, with a loss of eighty-nine killed and wounded in my Brigade. Held the position until night, under cover of winch the enemy withdrew four miles to the Chattahoochee River. Captain Hale. Brigade Officer of the Day. of the 75th Illinois, one of 1 he best officers of the Army, tell here. July 5th. — Pursued the enemy, Wood's Division in front, to the rivei-. Continued skirmishing untilJuly loth. Marched five miles up the river. 216 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY'. July 12th. — Crossed the Chattahoochee; marched clown the left bank and encamped at Powers' Ferry, in front of the 23d Corps, with our Corps. The 36th Indiana com- menced and built while here a trestle bridge over the river, which was completed on the 16th of July. July 18th. — Moved from Powers' Ferry, with Corps, to near Buck Head, south seven miles. July 19th. — Advanced across Peach Tree Creek. 75th Illinois in advance, skirmished, drove the enemy from, de- stroyed bridge and rebuilt the same. July 20th. — Moved with the Division. Second Brigade in front, crossed South Peach Tree Creek, came upon the for- tified position of the enemy and went into line on the right of the Second Brigade. Attacked the rifle-pits of the rebels and carried the same, taking forty-three prisoners. July 21st. — Advanced my lines and fortified, skirmished all day. At night the enemy retired. July 22d. — Pursued the enemy at 3 o'clock a. m. ; came up to him at sunrise in his fortifications in front of Atlanta. Georgia, on the north, two miles from the center of the city. Took position, the balance of the Division came up on the left. Wood's Division on the right. Here we entrenched, skirmished with the enemy daily, took up his picket lines twice. capturing most of them. until the 27th of July. Major General Stanley being assigned to command the Corps. I came in and assumed command of the Division. August 5th. — Relieved from command of Division and assigned as Brigadier to the command of the Brigade again. On this day. by orders from Corps headquarters, the Brigade attempted an assault on the enemy's works and lost thirty- six men. amongst whom were the brave Captain Walker, of the 77th Pennsylvania, and the gallant young officer. Lieu- tenant Willard. of the 36th Indiana. August 22d. — Marched at 3 o'clock with six Regiments two miles to the left, struck the enemy's out picket line, drove them, captured eight prisoners, made demonstration and returned with small loss. On the 15th of August the 84th Indiana, Lieutenant Col- onel Neff. was transferred to my Brigade and the 59th Illi- nois to the Second Brigade. With frequent skirmishing and changes of lines and posi- THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. 217 lions of Regiments, this Brigade substantially remained in the same position in the siege of Atlanta from the morning of the -I'd of July until the night of the 25th of August, when we received orders and marched to the right seven miles to Procter's Creek, and rested until daylight on the morning of August 26th, when, starting at 8 o'clock a. m., we moved, with the Corps, seven miles south across Utoy Creek, and camped for the night. August 27th. — Marched with Corps four miles south to Camp Creek, and camped. August 28th. — Marched southeast three miles to Red Oak station, on West Point Railroad, striking this road twelve miles southeast from Atlanta. August 29th. — Lay still and fortified. August 30th. — Marched to Shoal Creek, five miles. August 3 1 st. — The Army of the Tennessee fighting today in front and on the west of Jonesboro, Georgia. Our Corps advanced east ; met Cavalry behind works on east bank of .Flint River. My Brigade was formed, 9th Indiana, 84th Illi- nois and 84th Indiana in front line, and with a strong skir- mish line drove the enemy from their position and advanced, Wood's Division in front and the Twenty-third Corps on our left, and both Corps struck the Macon Railroad about 4 o'clock p. m. and fortified the position, my command in line on the right of the Division, the Second Division, General Newton, extending my right, our Corps fronting south. All quiet during the night. September 1st. — Our Division marched at 6 o'clock a.m., First Brigade in advance, moving on the railroad toward Jonesboro. and under orders spent most of the day in the destruction of the railroad as we advanced. About 4 o'clock p. m. the advance Brigade of our Division made a junction with the left of the Fourteenth Corps, on the railroad, at a point about two miles north of Jonesboro. The First Bri- gade formed in line, its right near or upon the railroad. I was ordered by General Kimball to prolong the left of the First Brigade, which I did, without halting until my advance was checked by getting into a thick bramble of underbrush and a swamp in a dense woodland, through which it was im- possible to ride ; and the enemy, with a heavy skirmish line 218 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. in our front and his Artillery in reach playing upon us, con tributecl to impede our progress. The course or direction when I entered the woods seemed to be about south, and upon emerging from it. at a distance of a half to three - fourths of a mile, the Brigade to my right had shifted to the right to such an extent that I had to move right oblique to fill the space, and my left swing around so that when my lines came upon the lines of the enemy behind barricades my front was about southwest ; and by the time we got the lines straightened up and the enemy's skirmishers driven back, and the position of the enemy discovered, night came on, yet my lines, 77th Pennsylvania, 84th and 80th Illinois and 9th Indiana in front line, pressed forward under a heavy cannister fire from the enemy's guns to within three hun- dred yards of the enemy's barricaded lines. When the fighting ceased at dark one of General Newton's Brigades had moved up toward my left, and his skirmish line con- nected with the left of my front battle line. The barricade of the enemy ceased opposite the left of my lines. During the night the enemy withdrew. September 2d. — At early day I advanced my Brigade into the enemy's vacated works, issued rations, and marched in pursuit of the enemy on the road toward Lovejoy, my Bri- gade in the advance of our Division, the Second and Third Divisions of our Corps in advance of me. At about 1 or 2 o'clock p. m. our advance came upon the enemy, and in the deploying of the column I was ordered and moved to the left of the railroad about one and. a half miles. Formed my lines, 84th Indiana, 84th Illinois and 75th Illinois in front line, in a cornfield on the left of Colonel Knefler's Brigade of Wood's Division, and advanced as rapidly as the ground, very rough and hilly, would permit. We soon came upon the enemy in rifle-pits about five hundred yards in advance of his main works ( heavy trenches ) ; assaulted and carried the pits, taking most of the men in them prisoners. Our advance skirmishers went beyond these pits toward the main works of the enemy, but were driven back with severe loss. Much of the injury I received here was from the enemy's Artillery, with cannister. Our Artillery did not come up until next day, nearly twenty four hours after the THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. 219 fight. My front lines maintained i heir positions at the line of these pits, and fortified them during the night. Colonel Taylor's Brigade soon came into position on my left. The loss in my command during these last two days was ninety, killed and wounded. Amongst the latter were Captain Brinton. my Acting Assistant Adjutant General, severe wound in arm ; Major Phillips. 77th Pennsylvania, arm off; Captain Fellows and Captain Taylor, 84th Indiana. All fell bravely at their posts. September 3d. — No change in position today, but much firing at each other's lines, with some casualties. So re- mained until the morning of September 5th, then twenty - six miles east of south of Atlanta, in front of Lovejoy. a station on the Macon Railroad and seventy-five miles from the latter place, when orders were received announcing that the campaign had ended and that the Army would fall back on Atlanta, rest for one month and " prepare for a fine win- ter's campaign." Thus ended the most eventful and successful campaign in the history of the war. The enemy driven from Dalton, his stronghold, over rivers and mountains, naturally strong military positions one after another were yielded up to the prowess of our arms until the " Gate City," Atlanta, was at last vacated to the onward march of our brave and gallant Armies. It is clue to the officers and men of my command to notice, in terms of gratification to myself and commendation to thorn, that better soldiers I never wish nor expect to com- mand ; all ready and willing to obey every order without regard to fatigue, peril or danger, without halt or hesitation. Many acts of distinguished valor could be mentioned that came under my immediate notice, but they are so numerous it would be impossible to do full justice to all. The effective force of my command, monthly, during the campaign, was as follows : May 30th, 1804, including Bat- tery,2,753; June 30th. including Battery, 2,739 ; July 31st, including Battery, 2,395; August 31st, without Battery. 1.'. 171 1. The casualties of the campaign are as follows : 220 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. t i IMMAND. KILLED. WOUNDED. MISSING. TOTAL. AG- *c \E c E C E c * GATE 59th Illinois . . 10 1 53 2 1 63 66 75th Illinois. . 1 10 4 53 5 63 68 80th Illinois.. ' 13 5 68 5 81 86 84th Illinois.. 12 1 74 1 2 86 88 9th Indiana. . . 17 8 87 8 104 112 30th Indiana . . 7 6 63 7 6 76 89 36th Indiana. . '3 9 2 52 5 61 66 77th Perm. . . . 2 7 6 77 3 8 87 98 84th Indiana. . 3 3 24 1 3 28 32 Bat. B. Pa. Art, 1 1 1 13 9 14 16 Totals 7 89 37 564 2 12 44 666 711 This presents the bitter of such a brilliant campaign, and leaves many aching hearts, not only with families and friends at home, but these fallen heroes will ever be remem- bered and lamented by their comrades in arms, as the jewels sacrificed upon the altar of their country. A change of Provost Marshals inadvertantly deranged the papers, so I am now unable to give an accurate list of the prisoners captured by my command during the cam- paign, but the probable number was about five or six hun- dred. Prom my situation I have been unable to have the reports of Regimental commanders before me. and will respectfully refer to them, to be forwarded herewith, for more minute particulars and for a list of casualties in their respective commands. I am. Captain, your most obedient servant, W. Grose, Brigadier General commanding. On May 3d, 1864, the 36th Indiana moved forward upon the remarkable Atlanta campaign of four months' duration, one hundred days under fire, to Tunnel Hill, Rocky Face, first to enter Dalton, thence to Resaca, * Commissioned officers, t Enlisted men. MUSTERED OUT OF SERVICE. 221 Austanoola River, Adairsville, Cassville, Etawah, Pump- kinvine Creek, Pine Mountain, Kenesaw Mountain. Mari- etta, Chattahoochee River, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, and around the Gate City to the Macon Railroad and Jonesboro, in the center of the great State of Georgia and the very heart of the Confederacy, where, on the 3d of September, after this long, continuous battle, wherein it had assisted in driving the enemy from every stronghold for one hundred and fifty miles, over rivers and mountains, naturally strong military positions, in- cluding the noted Gate City, it was announced to the 36th: "Timeout; cease firing ! You have served your country well during these long years." We would not say that this Regiment served better than any other, but can safely say that none served better than the 80th Indiana Volunteers. The Regiment, including 122 recruits, numbered in the aggregate 1,144, officers and enlisted men. From Shiloh to Jonesboro the loss is showm to be, in killed, wounded and missing, 486. This does not include those who died from other causes, of whom there were several. At the reunion of the Regiment in 1890 there were L54 present and letters from four others, and in 1891 but a few less, with a less favorable time for the reunion. We conclude from the foregoing and other facts that there are yet surviving members of the Regi- ment about 300, most likely a little above that number. The beauties in meeting these ex-soldiers are that you find them apparently thoughtful, sensible, well-preserved, sober members of society and worthy citizens. Will these soldiers and comrades ever forget each other, or fail to remember the wonderful springtime of '61 ? Certainly none who felt its wondrous thrill. A day of that inspired and splendid era was well worth a com- mon lifetime. Our ears tingle yet with the sound of 222 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. Sumter's cannon. How the wide land kindled with a single flame of zeal, and the watchword rang from sea to sea, "The Union forever!" We have no apologies to make today for having rallied 'round the flag at the call of Lincoln and made those splendid marches, led by a Sherman, a Logan, a Thomas or a Grant. We are not ashamed today of the cause that started us on those campaigns which cost the Nation so dear, whose bloody path crossed the width of a dozen warlike States and whose dark memories are perpetuated in half a million freemen's graves. There was reason in the wrath that flashed into the tremendous blaze of frater- nal war. The Union soldier did his part, and we are willing to defend it. Pursuant to orders the Regiment left for Indianapolis, except the. veterans and recruits, and was mustered out at that city on the 21st day of September, 1864. The few remaining veterans and recruits were then organized into a Residuary Battalion of one Company, with Captain John P. Swisher Captain thereof, Lieuten- ant Samuel V. Templin First Lieutenant, and Calvin C. McLain Second Lieutenant. This Company, after At- lanta and the muster-out of the Regiment, remained with the command of General Grose, mostly on duty at his headquarters. It participated in the battles of Franklin and Nashville, with an active part therein. After Nashville Captain Swisher, with his Company, took part in the pursuit of Hood's broken Army to the Tennessee River, thence, with the command of General Grose, to Huntsville, Alabama, and continued with the Third Brigade until July 12th, 1865, when, by order of General Sheridan, it was transferred to the Residuary Battalion of the 30th Indiana Regiment and made Com- pany H thereof, moving soon thereafter, with the old Fourth Corps, to New Orleans, thence into Texas, and SERVICE OF THE RESIDUARY BATTALION. 223 late in the fall of that year was mustered out and re- turned to home and friends. Valiant and tried soldiers ! They marched and fought under and about the old em- blem of human liberty, indicating the same as it did over a hundred years ago. It was the comrade of Washington, Adams, Franklin. Hancock, Hamilton, Jef- ferson. Madison, Monroe, Jackson, Harrison and Scott, and at a later period re-baptized in fire and blood the comrade of Lincoln, Grant, Sherman. Sheridan, Thomas, Logan and millions more, including the 36th Indiana Regiment, who assisted to carry the grand old flag forward, higher, grander, with more pow T er and influence at home and abroad than ever before. PART II. ABRAHAM LINCOLN. The names of great men are household words. The centuries since man began to make a record have been marked with illustrious names. They have not occurred often, but as frequent perhaps as one in a century. Nature having but a limited quantity of the greatest quality, it may be that heroic virtues are dealt out sparingly, that they may accomplish the greatest good among the sons of men. But the great problem to solve is that some of the most illustrious in history have been the most vicious and in some cases most diabolical. What is there in the economy of nature that can explain why characteristics that have lifted a man high above his fellows, have been at the same time used to cause great injury rather than blessings to the world ? But so it is. and may continue for the future ; hence the heroes we may worship are just objects of criticism, and may be measured by the stand- ards which each must form for himself. He who leaps to quicker life at the sight of blood and carnage would look to Caesar as his type; he whose blood pulsates more rapidly upon assimilating with his own musings the exalted thoughts of others, would prefer Shake- speare to Caesar, and he who is sufficiently generous to unite with both these a love for his kind, a dislike for wrong wherever it causes injury or grief to the humble and lowly, will, above all other mortals for ages past, place the name of Abraham Lincoln. Great men who have dominated the world have depended upon their critics and admirers for the place they have occupied. The Friend Quaker seldom finds anything to admire in the battles of war. Heroes, therefore, are pleasing as 228 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. the observer's senses are gratified with respect to what- ever he may consider virtues in the subjects observed. What has been so far said applies with force to every man who has helped make history, with the exception of Lincoln. The greatest man in any age has been considered so only in specialties. If he has been a mil- itary hero, then usually great vices have been charged in the background. It may be stated as a fact that none have been aliowed to possess all the virtues con- templated by nature, until the rise of Lincoln. It is our purpose to make this as emphatic as possible, and to challenge contradiction if any be bold enough to make it. In the lower ranks there have been men at all times brave, pure and self-sacrificing, without blemish before men, but we are not speaking of them. We are dealing with those who have risen by their life and deeds to a position to create a new era in the world, which has changed the currents for good. Lincoln was one of this rank, and his life and works brought new forces with them which are not yet spent, but are still rolling on in volume and consequences, to direct our race for right, justice and pure humanity for all. Lin- coln, in history as in life, shines brilliantly at every angle, and his effulgence increases with time and scru- tiny ; not excellent in any one particular, but high in all. A many-sided man, and on every side strong and wonderfully equipped for the great career he ran. Lin- coln was with us when most needed for great good. Some may think it providential. If true that a Super- ior Power rules in the affairs of men on earth, then we have reason to believe that such an exercise of power intervened when Lincoln was ordained to be. Born in lowly life, yet his heart was warm enough to feel for the humblest. Born in a station by some estimated lower than the potentates of earth, yet in dignity, grace ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 229 and honor he out-ranked them all, wearing the crown of manhood, humanity. Love to his fellow, that out- weighed all metal crowns on earth. This is not the voluptuous phrase of adulation ; these are truthful asser- tions, verified in the life of Lincoln. Could any other man then living in the United States have conducted affairs so as to have successfully saved the Government against the rebellion ? Reader, if you doubt this, name one in your own mind who would have done so well. Our volunteers, rugged, hardy yeomen, at the beginning prejudiced against close military discipline, all to be made into soldiers, and the Government without trained troops. But Lincoln, through his great captains, secured the training and obedience which brought efficiency to his Army. There was no serious complaint of his man- agement. No man living ever heard any complaint of the Commander-in-Chief by his subordinates. The next hardship to meet was an empty Treasury, the country in debt, no income, no credit. These obstacles were all overcome during the conflict, and the Government was rebuilt grander and stronger because of Abraham Lin- coln — 4i Of the people, by the people and for the people." It was officially proclaimed by Lincoln that there. should be no more slavery in these United States; that no man should any more sell another man. woman or child, even if he be the father of the latter, or hus- band of the woman. Rest, patriot, martyr, savior, friend, Defender of the poor ami weak. Thy glory shall not have an end While History has a voice to speak. — Parker. April 30, 1865. MORTON. Governor Morton had the most troublesome surround- ings, at a time beset with more difficulties, that ever fell to the lot of any other Governor of Indiana. The Governor, on the 14th day of January, 1861. qual- ified as Lieutenantr Governor and entered upon the dis- charge of his duties as such. The Legislature being in session, Henry S. Lane. Governor-elect, was elected to the Senate of the United States for six years, where- upon Lieutenant Governor Morton qualified as Gov- ernor, and immediately entered upon the duties of that office. The Governor then delivered the usual address to both houses of the Legislature, bespeaking a cour- teous discharge of their official duties. He pointed out in the address some peculations upon the money and property of the State, named the "Sinking Fund.*' "Swamp Lands" and "Stover Fraud." He kindly re- quested the co-operation of the Legislature to correct all abuses. The Governor also particularly called the attention of members to the cloud of disunion in the South, which even that early began to thicken and look serious. He appealed to them for mutual assistance to preserve the honor of the State and prevent it playing into the hands of the secessionists. The Governor con- ferred with the best and ablest men he could reach, with- out regard to party. The voters that had given support to the election of Lincoln, and many who supported Douglas for President, joined with the Governor and the Union party with a hearty good will, for the main- tenance of the Government against rebellion He re- ceived no help from a majority of that Legislature, and leading men in the State, hitherto some of them mem- OLIVER P. MORTON. 231 bers of the Legislature, said --Not a dollar for the sup- port of the Government with its abolition war," while others would say, "I am not going to the Army myself and will not advise others to go." Morton was never a friend of half-way measures, nor did he seek advice of men of that cast. His position from the beginning was of the most decided character. He saw the honor of his State in danger and the perpetuity of the Govern- ment of the United States also in peril. A few days after the fall of Fort Sumter, in answer to peace prop- ositions from the Governor of Kentucky, Governor Morton wrote. "I will unite in any effort for the restor- ation of the Union and peace which shall be constitu- tional (on! honorable to Indiana and the Federal Govern- ment" A few days after he wrote further, so as to have no mistake between him and the Governor of Ken- tucky : "I hold that Indiana and Kentucky are but integral parts of the Nation, and as such are subject to the Government of the United States and bound to obey the requisitions of the President issued in pursuance of his constitutional authority : that it is the duty of every State Government to prohibit, by all means in its power, the transportation from within its own limits of arms, military stores and provisions to any State in open rebellion and hostility to the Government of the United States, and to restrain her citizens from all acts giving aid and comfort to the enemy." These words settled the peace question between the two Governors. Gov- ernor Magoffin, of Kentucky, was in sympathy with a majority of the members of the Indiana Legislature, and both in sympathy with the States fomenting dis- union and pro-slavery sentiments, and would have broken down the Federal Government, or contributed to the perpetuity of the slave power in the Government of the United States, for the coming ages. 232 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. Surrounded by these adverse elements, Governor Mor- ton stood firmly by the policy of Lincoln's administra- tion, which was his own, and said: "We will have sol- diers, equip, clothe and feed thorn ; we will have money to defray the State expenses and carry on the institu- tions of the State, whether voted out of the State Treasury or not." The Legislature refused all these. The Governor stood firm, obtained money from counties, bankers, the Federal Government, upon the pledge that the State should repay all. Who could have done this but Morton? He labored on without letup, had his agents at every battle field where an Indiana soldier was on duty, frequently was there himself, administering to the wants of the soldiers from Indiana. He stood a tower above all, and was styled the "War Governor" of Indiana. He labored on until the election of 1864, and was the great force in the campaign. The people ral- lied to his help, elected him Governor, and a Legislature friendly to him, by an overwhelming majority, and the Lincoln administration was sustained by the re-election of the great President. All the obligations of the State made by the promise of Morton were fully accounted for to a farthing and paid by the expressed will of the people of Indiana. No man of Indiana during that period could have accomplished what Oliver P. Morton did. His election to the United States Senate was but a fitting compli- ment for great service done. Yet he continued on duty, witli hard toil and valuable to his people, until Novem- ber 1st. 1*77, when, at fifty-four years of age, he pro- claimed his last words among men: "I am dying; I am worn out." "Who fought a Nation's battles bravely, Shorn of strength, lies at his Maker's feet; A chieftain's dead." GENERAL WILLIAM GROSE Was born at Dayton. Ohio, December 16, 1*1-. Both of his grandfathers served in the War of the Revolution. his grandfather Grose being killed in the service; and his father served in the War of L812, under General Harrison. The General received but a common school education. He was a Presidential Elector on the Pierce ticket, and Democratic Free- Soil candidate for Congress in 1852, but took part in the organization of the Repub- lican party at its formation, was a member of the Legis lature in 1856-7. He was chosen Judge of the Common Pleas Court in 1*60. served until August 23, 1861, when, at the request of Governor Morton, he resigned the Judgeship and went to Camp Wayne to recruit and organize the 36th Indiana Infantry, and was appointed Colonel thereof August ;!(). 1861. He completed the or- ganzation and reported to General Sherman at Louis- ville. Kentucky, in October, and in a few days General Buell gave the necessary orders to put the Regiment into active service, as shown heretofore in this volume. The General commanded the Regiment as Colonel until the first day of May. 1862, when he was ordered to the command of a Brigade in General Nelson's Division, and continued in command of. a Brigade, Division or Corps, to the end of the war. In June. L865, upon the tender of his resignation, he was detailed as President upon a court martial to sit at Nashville. Tennessee, for the trial of several offenders, by the order of General Thomas, with the promise that as soon as the court could complete the business that would come before it. the resignation would be approved and forwarded to 234 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. the President of the United States for acceptance, which was done to take effect December 31, 1865. General Grose took part in all the battles of the Army of the Cumberland from and including- Shiloh to Nashville, inclusive, and arrived home from the service January 1. 1866, since which time he has filled several important civil positions, the duties of which he has en- deavored to faithfully discharge. And he loves to meet and be with his old comrades and friends at his quiet home in the city of New Castle. General Grose was married to Rebecca Needham. in Henry county, Indiana, on the 22d day of December, 1836, who was the mother of his children ; Madison, now at Indianapolis ; Sarah M. Moore, now at Albuquerque, N. M.; Ella G. Clements, now at Washington, D. C; Adolphus M., now at Cincinnati. O. ; James L., now at Joliet. 111.; all married and self- sustaining. The mother died May 23, 1*79. loved by all the family. John W., another son, was a member of the Band of the 36th In- diana; died April 2s, 1872. Madison was also a member of the band, and Lieutenant, acted as Adju- tant for a time, was mustered oat, and enlisted in the 9th Indiana Cavalry; commissioned Lieutenant in Com- pany E, served to the end of the war and was mus- tered out with the Regiment. The General married his second companion on the 19th of February, 1884. She was the widow of Dr. Black, of Delaware county, In- diana, an old aquaintance. The following reference to Shiloh is from "Private MS," in the •• Story of a Regiment," of the 6th Ohio, by Hannaford : '•At the top of the bank we met General Nelson. He asked us what command we were. I answered, 'Three REFERENCE TO SHILOH. 235 Companies of the 6th Ohio.' He said: '6th Ohio. J ex- pect a good account from you. Reporl to Colonel Grose, 36th Indiana. * Southgate (one of his Aides taken from our Regiment), show them where to go.' We marched to the rear of the 36th, which was already in line. Shells were whizzing overhead, and men were being wounded, behind us even. Colonel Grose was in front of his Regiment, as cool as an iceberg. I told him we had three Companies to report to him. He said he was glad to have us with him, and told us where to form, and I then hurried back to the men. About a hundred stragglers had been got together by some officers, and formed just in front of us; but just at this time a shell came plunging- along close to our heads, and the stragglers scattered quicker than a flash of light- ning. They troubled us no more after that. We were ordered to advance; then the order was countermanded, and the 36th moved forward alone toward a Battery, which the rebels were just getting ready to charge. The gallant 36th gave them the compliments of Buell's Army, and the first lick from that hard old hitter. General Nelson. We advanced to a hollow, a position where we could protecl tin- left flank of the 36th. but Grose's men did not need such help, doing their work most splendidly without us. The battle soon died away, and the rebels retired to refresh themselves for the next day's contest, which was to drive us to the water's edge. For once, however, they counted too fast. • Buell was on the ground, and all night long his troops were arriving and getting into position for the mor- row's struggle." This helps to settle the question that the only fight- ing on Sunday evening (April 6th), done by any of Buelhs Army, was done by the 36th Indiana. Generals Nelson. Buell and Grant were all present at the forma- tion of the Regiment. Colonel Ainmen was hack- at the river. General Buell personally gave the orders to ( Jolonel ( rrose to advance. * Aide of Colonel (.rose. COLONEL OLIVER H. P. CAREY Was born in 1819 at Connersville. Indiana. His father. Samuel Carey, was a Colonel in the War of 1812. Oli- ver's training and education took place mostly in Rush county, Indiana. , He was a son of toil, a harness-maker, until 1847, when he enlisted for service in the Army of the United States in the war with Mexico, in Colonel Lane's Regiment. On the passage to the seat of war, while on the Gulf, the steamer carrying the Regiment blew up, with much destruction of life among the troops. But Colonel Carey, with a portion of the men, made his way to shore, and after a inarch of sixty miles to Sa- bine City, reached the Army of General Scott. He served therein until the end of the war, with credit to himself as a soldier, attaining the rank of Captain, and was honorably mustered out. In 1861, upon the call of the President for 75,000 men to suppress the rebellion. Colonel Carey promptly volun- teered in the 8th Indiana Regiment for three months' service, being commissioned Lieutenant and promoted Captain in Company B, and was mustered out at the expiration of the term. He re-entered upon the re-or- ganization of the Regiment for three years, being made Captain of Company H of the line. On September 21st. 1861, he was promoted Lieutenant Colonel of the 36th Indiana, and. as heretofore shown, faithfully served in that Regiment to the end of the three years, being com- missioned Colonel thereof, and was honorably mustered out with the Regiment September 21st, 1864. On the 18th of February, 1865, the Colonel was com- missioned Captain of Company D, 153d Indiana Infantry, COLONEL OLIVER H. P. CAREY. 237 and on the first day of March following was appointed, commissioned and mustered as Colonel of the Regiment. He was ordered and moved with his Regiment to Louis- ville. Kentucky, and was on duty with detachments at dif- ferent points in that State. In June he was returned to Louisville and assigned to duty at Taylor Barracks, in that city, where he remained with his Regiment until the 4th of September. ISO"), when both were honorably mustered out of the service. Colonel Carey, the brave and gallant veteran, in early life inclined to be a soldier for his Government, served in two wars and five Regiments, passing through all with honor and credit to himself and the Government, after which he tilled honorable positions in civil life to the satisfaction of his people, and in the year 1889, at his home in Marion, Indiana, he departed this life for the great unknown future, with the laments of comrades, family, friends and society. GENERAL THOMAS W. BENNETT Was born in Union county. Indiana. February 16, 1831. He completed his education at Asbury, studied law. and after graduating at the University law school, practiced law at Liberty.' Indiana, until the breaking out of the rebellion, when he resigned his seat in the Indiana State Senate from the counties of Fayette and Union, and at the first call of President Lincoln for troops, in April, 1861, he raised a full Company of soldiers at Lib- erty, and as Captain of the Company was mustered into the loth Regiment Indiana Volunteers for three years* service. With that Regiment he served in the West Virginia campaign, under General McClellan. and was at the battles of Rich Mountain. Elk Water and Cheat Mountain. In September. 1861. while with his Company in West Virginia, he was commissioned Major of the 86th Regiment, then in camp at Richmond, Indiana. Joining that Regiment, he participated in its movements and battles for more than a year. With that Regiment he entered Nashville as the advance of General Nelson's Division of the Army of the Ohio, went with it to Shi- loh, and participated in the Corinth campaign of General Halleck. and thence in the long marches to Tuscumbia. Iuka. Florence, Athens. Pulaski. Nashville, Murfreesboro and McMinnville. and from the latter place to Nashville and Louisville. Kentucky, in the great parallel race be- tween Buell and Bragg. He was at the battle of Perry- ville with Grose's Brigade, but the Corps and Division did not participate in the battle to a large extent. Then in command of the Regiment he led the advance in the pursuit of the rebels out of Kentucky. In Octo- GENERAL THOMAS W. BENNETT. 239 ber, 1862, while in the field with the 36th. he was com- missioned Colonel of the 69th Indiana Volunteers, then in camp at Richmond. In command of that Regiment, and at times in command of the Brigade to which it belonged, he was in all the marches, skirmishes and battles which ended in the capture of Vicksburg and the opening of the Mississippi River, including the great battle of Chicasaw Bluffs and the capture of Ar- kansas Post, under General Sherman, and after crossing the Mississippi in the advance of Grant's Army, he was in the battles of Port Gibson. Rorymond. Champions Hill. Black River, and the Seige of Vicksburg. Then with his regiment he joined the Army of the Gulf at New Orleans, under General Banks. With that Army he was in the Tesche campaign, the Texas compaign, and the Red River expedition. He obtained a leave of absence to attend a session of the Indiana Senate to which he was elected in November, 1864. In the spring of I860 he was commissioned by the President Brevet Brigadier General for ••meritorious services in the field." At the close of the War he was mustered out, and resumed the practice of law at Richmond. Ind., of which city he was Mayor ten years. In 1870 he was. by President Grant, appointed Governor of Idaho, and after serving his term of four years was re-appointed, but declined the office. He returned to Richmond. Indi- ana, in 1876, where he now resides. In 1886 he was elected Department Commander of the Grand Army of the Republic for the Department of Indiana. He is at present one of the State Commissioners for the building of the Indiana Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument at Indi- anapolis. THE REGIMENT BY COMPANIES. COMPANY A. Company A. 36th Indiana Regiment, was recruited by William D. Wiles at Lewisville. Henry county. Indiana, and went into Camp Wayne at Richmond about the middle of August, 1861, and organized by electing Wil- liam D. Wiles Captain. Lewis C. Freeman First Lieuten- ant, and Nathan H. Wiles Second Lieutenant. The Company was composed almost entirely of young men. farmers and mechanics of that locality, many of whom were possessed of a good English education, and in enlisting did so from a sense of duty to their coun- try, and not because of any love for the profession of war. And yet their intelligence, in connection with the schooling and training in the movements of the drill given before and dining the time of their Camp Wayne stay, enabled them to present a very handsome appear- ance on the drill tield immediately upon entering the sci' vice. So noticeable was this fact, being then early in the war, that it was thought to be the cause that succeeded in giving the Company its name and rank in the Regimental line. The Company served with distinc- tion, participating in all the marches, hardships, expos- ures and battles in which the Regiment took part; and the Captain, yet living and in business at our State Capital, thinks that there are now but about thirty of the Company surviving. Captain W. D. Wiles was born in Liberty township. Henry county, Indiana, in 1828. He was a son of Luke Wiles, one of the early pioneers of Indiana. The youth- CAPTAIN \V. I). WILES. THE REGIMENT BY COMPANIES. 241 ful days of the Captain were spent in farming and ac- quiring an education, and he started into the service with as good promise of usefulness and making his mark as a soldier might expect, but his connection with the Company was destined to be of comparatively short duration, as the exposures while in Camp Wickliffe brought on an attack of typhoid pneumonia, from the effects of which he was compelled to resign the follow- ing June. Lieutenant Lewis C. Freeman, who succeeded Captain Wiles, stood number one as a line officer. He was a native of Henry county and now resides in western Kansas. Lieutenant Nathan H. Wiles, brother of the Captain, was also unfortunate and compelled to leave the service because of ill health, and died many years since. "Forward — march!" was the Captain's word, And the tramp of a hundred men was heard. As they formed into line, in the morning gray, Shoulder to shoulder went Company A. COMPANY B. Alfred Kilgore, of Muncie, son of Hon. David Kil- gore, Represent alive in Congress for several years, recruited Company B in Delaware county. It was the second Company in Camp Wayne and he was. elected and commissioned Captain of the same. He was a gen- tleman all the time, and faithful to duty, but because of poor health was compelled to resign. He died several years since, at Muncie. May I'l*. 1862, Lieutenant Abra- ham D. Sliultz, a gallant and brave officer, was promo- ted to the vacancy. He was killed on the bloody Wednesday at Stone River, at the head of his Company, and was succeeded by Lieutenant Hugh A. Stephens. 242 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. Captain Stephens, a capital soldier, is yet living, and an excellent citizen, at Portland, Indiana. This Company had no superiors in line officers in the Regiment. Lieutenant George O. Willard was mortally wounded before Atlanta when charging the outer works of the enemy with his Company, and died August 8, 1864. The men of this Company, for gentility, repute and gallantry, were not excelled anywhere. The Thorn - bergs, old comrades, where are you ? Only one of you at the reunion last year. When will we see you ? COMPANY C. Captain Pyrrhus Woodward was born at New Castle, Indiana, in 1822, where his parents, Asahel and Cathar- ine Woodward, had settled three years before at the first organization of the town, and where the Captain passed his school days and grew T to manhood. In Octo- ber, 1*47. he enlisted in Company H. 5th Indiana Infan- try, the Regiment commanded by Colonel James H. Lane and the Company by Captain Oliver H. P. Carey, for the war of the United States with Mexico. He served with distinction to the end of that war. returned home and was mustered out at Madison, Indiana, in July, 1848. When the rebellion broke out the Captain enlisted, recruited Company C, 36th Indiana, went to Camp Wayne, was unanimously elected Captain, and was com- missioned as such September 14. 1861. He went to the front with Company C and formed line with the Regi- ment at the log house at Shiloh on the evening of April 6th, advanced, took part in repulsing the enemy, was on picket duty that dark and rainy night, and next day was with his Company on the skirmish line to the left flank, with close, hard fighting all day to the end of THE REGIMENT BY COMPANIES. 243 the battle. The Captain continued in command of his Company on to Corinth, the lorn? marches that followed, and back to Kentucky. Perryville, Wildcat, and on to Stone River, and on that bloody Wednesday, the last day of the old year 1862, upon Major Kinley, in com- mand of the Regiment, being badly wounded in the first of the tight, the Captain at once assumed command of the Regiment and commanded it to the end of the long three days' battle with wisdom and credit to himself and the Regiment, His official report of the battle ap-. pears in another part of this volume, and is referred to for a fuller statement of the particulars in detail. The peril to the Captain was great, as well as to his men, one horse being shot and killed under him and the sec- ond one hit twice Because of an injury in the breast, the Captain resigned October 18, 1863, and was suc- ceeded by Lieutenant John C. Livezey. who was after- ward, April. 1864, promoted Commissary of Subsistence by the War Department. Daring Captain Livezey's Captaincy in the Company he was on detail on the Staff of the Brigade commander. COMPANY D. Major Kinley was born in Randolph county, Indiana, on the 7th day of November, 1821. His parents were of that stalwart pioneer Quaker stock which has contributed so much to the sterling character and worth of the east- ern counties of Indiana. The Major occupied a high position as a scholar and educator. He had studied law and been admitted to practice, represented Henry county in the legislature, and was a member of the convention that formed the present State constitution. He was active with some others in recruiting Company D of the 36th Regiment. Upon the organization of the 244 THIRTY- SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. Regiment, on the 16th day of September. 1861. the the Major was commissioned Captain, and David W. Chambers and Robert S. Swain, of New Castle, Lieu- tenants of Company D, and went with the Regiment to the front into active service. Major Bennett, of the Regiment, having been promoted Colonel of the 69th Indiana. Captain Kinley succeeded him on 7th day of November. 1862 ; Lieutenant Chambers succeeded Major Kinley as Captain on the same day. and Second Lieuten- ant Fentress succeeded Captain Chambers as First Lieu- tenant. The Major was in command of the Regiment at the commencement of the Battle of Stone River, on the 31st of December. 1862, and early in the engage- ment fell terribly wounded, with a broken thigh bone by a ball from a small arm. The Major was removed to the rear as soon as it was possible to be done. This was a very dangerous wound, yet with sound physical make-up. and good nursing by his loving companion, who reached him in a few days, his life was saved. The Major afterwards filled the office of Provost Mar- shal of what is now the Sixth District of Indiana, and served four years as State Senator from Wayne county. But a sad part is yet to be named, the loving nurse and companion, after their removal to California, sick- ened and died several years since. The Major is at Sunland. that State, in business. He was a gallant, brave soldier, and always a good, quiet and worthy citi- zen. Many of the men of this Company were educa- ted, and from the best families of Henry county. They served their country earnestly and faithfully. COMPANY E. The Captain of Company E at the organization of the Regiment was Samuel G. Kearney, who was relieved THE REGIMENT BY COMPANIES. 245 and went out of the service February 25, L862. Lieu- tenant Charles R. Case was promoted to Captain and detached to the Signal Corps. First Lieutenant Joseph G. Lemon, of Richmond, had the general care and com- mand of the Company, aided by other Lieutenants by turns, and it was well commanded. But Lieutenant Lemon was badly wounded on the Atlanta campaign. July 4. 1864. and was never after able for duty, and was mustered out with the Regiment. He was an excellent soldier, as well as one of the best of citizens. He was mustered out of all earthly toils a little over two years since, lamented by all who knew him. Lieutenant Zene C. Bohrer was promoted to Adjutant, and was one of the best in every capacity. Every member of the Com- pany knew his duty and performed it well. The Com- pany was recruited promiscuously over the district. COMPANY F. Company P was recruited from Wayne county, mostly from the vicinity of Richmond. George Hoover, of Richmond, was first Captain, and resigned February 5, 1862. Then came Lewis C. Freeman, transferred from Company A. Next came George M. Graves, of Rich- mond, as Captain, who was detailed as Acting Assistant Adjutant General, or Chief on the Brigade Commander's Staff. He was mortally wounded at the battle of Chic- amauga. and died September 28, L863. He was a brave and most excellent soldier and officer. Next came Lieu- tenant Joseph L. Smith, commissioned Captain Septem- ber 29, L863. He stayed to the end. was a complete soldier, and trained the members of his Company to the same standard. Lieutenant Salathiel D. Colvin died of wounds received at Chicamauga. Lieutenant Robert P. Gordon remained with Captain Smith and the Company. 246 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. and all were mustered out with the Regiment, duty well performed. COMPANY (t. Company G was recruited entirely in "little Union'" county, organized with the Regiment at Camp Wayne and duly mustered in. James P. Orr mustered as fir&t Captain September 16th. 1861. resigned June 9th. 1862. James H King,' brave and daring, was appointed his successor and killed at Stone River January 2, 1863. He was shot through the head while cheering on his men. He was succeeded by Lieutenant James H. Mc- Clung, who served faithfully as Captain until January 26th, 1864, when he resigned and was succeeded by Lieutenant Jesse W. I. Smith, who continued to the end and was mustered out with the Regiment. He served his Government well ; was wounded at Stone River, but was only a little time away from duty. The Captain worked his way from Sergeant to the highest Company officer. This Company suffered largely in killed and wounded. George W. White, torn to pieces on the evening of April 6th, 1862. was the first sacrifice in bat- tle in the Regiment, All whose lives were spared, as well as those who fell by the way, deserve a high meed of praise for duty well performed. COM" PA NY H. Company H was recruited entirely from the goodly county of Fayette, in which have been reared many great men who have served their country grandly. Of such were the members of Company H. 36th Indiana Regiment. One known to the writer spent a portion of his boyhood days there, and from that he has become tolerably great and is still living right on. THE REGIMENT BY COMPANIES. 247 The Company was recruited and went to Camp Wayne early in September. 1861, largely by the labor and influ- ence of Gilbert Trusler, who. upon the organization of the Regiment, was elected Captain of Company H and served faithfully as such until promoted Major of the Regiment. June 3d, 1863, and resigned that position De- cember 23d, 1868. He died some years since. Lieuten- ant William F. Limpus succeeded Major Trusler as Captain. He served and was mustered out with the Regiment. Lieutenant Addison M. Davis, the ranking Lieutenant, when the Regiment was leaving Savannah on Sunday for Shiloh. his Company being left as train guard, ran after the Colonel at the head of the Regi- ment and urged to be permitted to go. which was al- lowed, and he returned and got his equipments and came forward joyfully. Company E having no commis- sioned officer at that time present, he was placed in command thereof, and on the next day, April 7th. near to the close of the battle, while pressing the Company forward in proper shape, he was struck by a ball at the neck in front, and fell dead without a word. Thus went clown a gallant, brave young man. leaving a young companion and other friends to mourn their loss. First Lieutenant George Mulliken was mustered out with the Regiment, having worked his way up from a private. The line officers in command of this Company, as well as the enlisted men. performed their duties fully and gallantly, and deserve well of the country. COMPANY I. This Company was recruited from the vicinity of Cambridge City, all in Wayne county, mostly by the ef- forts of Dr. John Sim. assisted by James Newby. and at the organization of the Regiment, September 16th, Dr. 248 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. Sim was commissioned Captain and George B. Seig and George L. Weist Lieutenants. The Company thus offi- cered wont into active service at the front. Sieg and Weist were mustered out December 25, 1862, and Ser- geant James Newby was appointed First Lieutenant. December 24. 1863, Captain Sim was promoted to Major. Lieutenant Newby was promoted to Captain, and Ed- ward W. Gilbert, of Company B. was promoted First Lieutenant, Major Sim. Lieutenants Newby and Gilbert were competent and excellent officers. With them the enlisted men feared no danger, and went at the enemy whenever ordered. The last heard of Major Sim he w T as living in Chicago. Newby and Gilbert are both living. COMPANY K. Rev. Morrow P. Armstrong and Milton Peden re- cruited Company K. mostly in Henry county, and upon the organization of the Regiment and Company. Morrow P. Armstrong was commissioned and mustered as Cap- tain. Milton Peden as First Lieutenant and John S. Way as Second Lieutenant. Captain Armstrong re- signed April 24, 1*02. and was succeeded by Lieutenant Peden as Captain. Captain Armstrong re-entered the service as Chaplain of the same Regiment, and because of disability resigned January 22. L863. Captain Peden was mustered out with the Regiment and re entered the service as Colonel of the 147th Regiment, and served to the end of the war. Charles M. Davis was appointed First Lieutenant to succeed Colonel Peden, and was mustered out with the Regiment and re-entered the ser- vice. John S. Way, mustered in with the Company as Second Lieutenant, resigned February 0. 1862, and was succeeded by Corporal Jonathan Ross, who served well and was mustered out with the Regiment. These line THE REGIMENT BY_COMPANJEK. 249 officers were all competent and efficient in their duties and served their country well. Colonel Peden was wounded by a small ball through the thigh at Stone River, while acting on the Staff of the Brigade com- mander, and perhaps has never fully recovered from the effects of the wound. Lieutenant Ross died a few years since, lamented by all. The officers and enlisted men of this Company who did not fall by the way, re- turned to their homes with an enviable reputation as gallant soldiers and true men. TO COMRADES." Comrades, ye who in the battle Stood together firm and true, At the shrine of this union Dedicate your loves anew. Ye are like the trees left standing YVhen the fierce tornado's past: Let the boughs of those remaining Twine together firm and fast. And when sounds the last assembly, When the guard lias gone his round, May you pitch your tents together On some happier camping ground. GENERAL GROSES FAREWELL TO HIS OLD BRIGADE. The following is General Grose's farewell to his old Brigade : Headquarters Third Brigade, First J Division, near Nashville, Tenn., >■ Jane 6th, 1865. ) Soldiers of the Third Brigade: The object for which we have been associated together having been accomplished, we are now about to separate and most of us join our families and friends at home. while some of you continue for further duty. You have acted well your part, faithfully and bravely, in the great struggle of your country for the maintenance of right and justice over wrong and oppression. You will feel better that you have done your part for your country, than to have stood as idle spectators. Since we are compelled to separate, I feel thankful that I leave you in the enjoyment of an enviable reputation, a reputation of which j 7 our friends can boast and you feel proud. Your toils, hardships and perils will be attended with the perpetuation of the National Govern- ment with greater power and glory than ever before. Treasure up for our fallen comrades a kind remembrance as heroes of their age, in a great and good cause. Take home, and into the future with you, the heartfelt gratitude of your humble commander for his lot having been cast with such gallant soldiers and kind-hearted gentlemen. God bless and take care of you. Good-bye. . Wm. Grose, Brigadier General. THE 1891 REUNION. Roster of names of members of the 36th Indiana Reg- iment attending the annual reunion at Hagerstown, on September 24th and 25th, 1891 : COMPANY A. Wm. D. Wiles. Indianapolis ; C. Watson, Pendleton ; J. E. Werking. Elwood ; J. H. Henry, Mays Station ; Wm. Calla- han. Knightstown; John Antrim, Knightstown; George Beach, Lewisville ; J. T. Thomas. New Castle. COMPANY B. Phil A. B. Kenneday. Indianapolis ; C. H. Runkle.. South Bend; J. P. Sullivan. Anderson; G. W. Worl, Farmland : Wm. Clevinger, Farmland ; L. P. Everett. Muncie ; John Vail, Williamsburg ; C. L. Reynolds, Elwood ; W. P. Mc- Clain, Muncie ; John Little, Muncie ; John W. Taylor. Mun- cie ; W. H. H. Richey, Muncie; John Reynold. Muncie ; Joshua Jester, Yorktown ; J. T. Fullhart. Reed Station ; Lieutenant Ed. Gilbert, Burlington ; G. L. Janney, New Corner. COMPANY C. Captain John C. Livezey. New Castle ; Lieutenant John C.Wayman, New Castle ; Captain C. M. Moore, New Castle ; Jacob Sweigart, Muncie : Andrew McDowell. Muncie ; John Sanders. Shelby ville ; John Harvey, New Castle ; Geo. At- kinson. Sulphur Springs; Henry Reichart. Cadiz; Benj. Crawford, Losantville ; L. D. Shepherd. New Castle ; Zeno Pearson, Russiaville ; Noah McCormick. Cadiz ; M. Hague- wood, New Castle; E. F. Millikan, New Castle: Nathan Nicholson. New Castle. COMPANY D. Captain D. W. Chambers. New Castle ; Lieutenant A. W. Saint. New Castle ; Jabez H. Bowman. Greensboro ; J. W. Coon, Greensboro; Wm. Newby, Spiceland ; J. Spencer. Spiceland ; Thos. Howren, Greensboro ; H. B. Chew, Ken- 252 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. nard ; P. Rose, Snyder : Exum Copeland. Greensboro ; W. E. Bicknell, Richmond ; Tom Houck, New Castle ; Wm. H. Macy. New Castle ; John Newby. Knightstown. COMPANY E. Captain Zene C. Bohrer. St. Paul. Minn. ; B. C. Hornaday, Muncie ; C. H. Smothers, Modoc ; D. Minnick. Daleville ; D. Cheesman, Hagerstown; Jack Walker. Bethany. Mo.; John Level. Greensfork ; John Erwin, Muncie ; J.W. Olvey, Economy ; J. B. Benbow, Hagerstown ; James Thompson, Richmond ; Albert Fritz, Hagerstown ; George Gephart, Hagerstown ; J. A. Fowler, Parker ; G. F. Andrew, Penn ville ; Wm. Sullivan, Straughn ; Richard Level, Winchester; Tom Benbow, Hagerstown. COMPANY F. Captain Joseph Smith, Richmond ; Geo. Muhl, Rich- mond ; R.M.Clark, Fountain City; Wm. Robinson, Fountain City ; W. H. Thornburg, Bloomingsport ; David Veal, Me- chanicsburg ; Thad Gordon, Knightstown ; Frank Frentz, Farmland ; L. Gautz, Farmland ; Aaron Hughes, Pink Staff, 111. ; John Dennis. Richmond ; Lieutenant R. P. Gor- don, Callo, Mo.; Matt Brower, Anderson; Albert Cain, Greensfork ; O. P. Brown. Camden, O. ; C. W. Skinner, New Corner ; 01 Miller, Carlos City ; Seth Watson, Rich- mond. COMPANY G. Captain J. H. McClung, Muncie ; Captain J. H. Swisher, Liberty; Captain J. W. I. Smith. 1212 Michigan Ave., Chi- cago, 111. ; A. F. Hall, Cammack ; Wm. Allen. Richmond ; H. H. Eaton, Bringhurst ; H. C. Bridgett. Mooreland ; Thomas J. Eaton, Liberty ; C. M. Paddock, Darwin. COMPANY II. Captain W. H. Limpus, Alpine ; John Campbell, Pendle- ton ; Jacob Askins, Pendleton ; Henry Branner, New Lis- bon ; James Ludlow, Connersville ; W. S. Jordon. Con- nersville ; Robert Best, Brookville ; Wm. Young, Conners- ville ; Benj. Turner, Harrisburg ; John Myers. COMPANY I. James Werking, Anderson; John H. Cecil, Muncie; Jos. THE LAST REUNION. 253 Funk, Dublin ; Wm. Miller, Cambridge ; Aaron Conklin, Mt. Summit. COMPANY K. D. A. Waller, Farmer City. 111. ; W. P. Sherry, Muncie ; Daniel Rinker, Daleville : Daniel Catt, New Castle ; Wm. Bailey, Farmland ; John McGuire, Farmland ; Clint Haw- hee, Knightstown ; A. J. Driscoll, Neff ; John Murray, New Castle ; Peter A. Helm, Windsor ; Wm. Hewitt, Windsor ; C. Armstrong, Knightstown ; 0. V. Lemon. Richmond. Visitors. — Joel Collins, Company A, 139th Indiana; James M. Welker, 16th Indiana; Micajah Newby, 16th In- diana. William Grose, President of Association. John C. Livezey, Secretary. Patient in toil; serene amidst alarms; Inflexible in faith ; invincible in arms. SOLDIERS' HELP. Our great country today would have been a depen- dency if it had not been for her soldiers. India, with all her wealth and numbers, is subject to the little island of Britain. We were also her subjects once, but our brave citizen soldiery threw off the yoke ; and the people are indebted to them for the creation of our in- dependent government. The War of 1812 gave further assurance of our power and soldierly strength on land and sea in favor of the defence of the great cardinal principles marked out and laid down by our fathers. The Mexican War demonstrated to the world that we had a brave, skillful soldiery ; and we grew up through our wars and developed into the hardy, vigorous Repub- lic of the United States of America, commanding the respect of the world ; our flag everywhere honored, and our country the refuge for oppressed humanity of every land. Except the slavery in a portion of our own. This was the condition and standing of our Govern- ment in 1860; our people then with a fair promise be- fore them; with a President elected for the four suc- ceeding years, than whom none better could have been chosen, than whom none better ever was chosen among men for any political position on earth. Yet through the teachings of bad and sinful men he was stricken down in the prime of his useful life, and may not yet have risen to the full measure of his greatness. But the same wicked hearts and hands extended their wrongs and crimes further, with a powerful effort to destroy the Government of Washington, Jefferson, Ham- ilton and their compeers ; and to blot out the hopes of SOLDIERS' HELP. 255 a Republican government forever, and thus to call a halt to the advance of civilization, civil liberty and humanity : and in lieu thereof to set up and maintain forever a Confederate Government. Yet the mischief failed, and in lieu thereof slavery was abolished and all placed equal before the law, with the help of the soldier. We desire to say. on behalf of one of our auxiliaries and great helps during the war: If the love of country and abnegation of self is to be approved and admired ; if disinterested labor and sacrifice that counted not the cost . is worthy the gratitude of truly grateful hearts, then the mothers, wives and sisters of our country are those whom we. the soldiers of the Republic, in our hour of action, should honor with the truest, the sincer- est gratitude of soldiers' hearts. What sacrifice on the country's altar was more clearly purchased than the lift 1 of the husband who left his widow desolate ; what can comfort the heart of her whose only boy died that the Nation might live ! If we who survive feel the moisten- ing eye and the thickening throat as we recall the names of comrades who have gone before, how ever- present the sorrow of those whose staff and hope have departed, whose joys and whose loves lie buried in the bloody grave ! But yet our heroic dead : of all the memories of the rebellion and the war, there are none so full of grief and sorrow as the memory of our fallen comrades. In the Long and weary tramp, tramp, tramp, many perished l>y the wayside, many pined to death in the prisons, and many went down heroically upon the gory field. We wish not to forget those who were sacrificed for the good of the present and coming generations, but rather emulate their love of our common country. For the needy survivors, the widows and orphans of those who have passed away, w r e may quote the follow- 256 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INDIANA INFANTRY. ing : "We must take care of these men who bore the front and fire of the battle ; we must shield their wid- ows and orphans from the cares and trials of this life as far as we can." — [A. Lincoln.] As this grand patriot says, "we must take care of these men" does not mean to send them to the poor house, but rather, with an overflowing Treasury, it means to compensate the needy in accordance with their need and service to their coun- try, and care for them as duty demands. # *