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THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
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 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 TWELVE LESSONS IN REED WEAVING 
 
 BY 
 
 MARY MILES BLANCHARD 
 
 MASTER CRAFTSMAN OF REED BASKETRY 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
 CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 
 
 1914 
 
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 Copyright, 1914, by 
 CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 
 
 Published November, 1914 
 
 
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 NOV 10 1914 
 
 'CU387460 
 
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CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Introduction xi 
 
 CHAPTER I 
 Materials, Tools, Preparation .... 3 
 
 CHAPTER II 
 Fundamental Weaves 6 
 
 CHAPTER III 
 Base 16 
 
 CHAPTER IV 
 Work-Baskets. (Models i, 2, and 3) . . 21 
 
 CHAPTER V 
 
 Baskets with Simple Handles. (Models 
 
 4, 5, 6, and 7) 29 
 
vi CONTENTS 
 
 CHAPTER VI 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Lily-Shape Flower Baskets with Handles. 
 
 (Model 8) 36 
 
 (demonstrating variations of a model by 
 different weaves) 
 
 CHAPTER VII 
 
 Flower Baskets. (Models 9, 10, 11, and 
 
 12) 48 
 
 (demonstrating variations of a model by 
 different measurements) 
 
 CHAPTER VIII 
 
 Candy Baskets with and without Lids. 
 
 (Models 13, 14, 15, and is 2 ) .... 55 
 
 CHAPTER IX 
 
 Indian Centres 62 
 
 violet bowl. (model 1 6) 68 
 
 TABLE JARDINIERES. (MODEL lj) . . . 69 
 
 CHAPTER X 
 
 Scrap Baskets. (Model 18) 72 
 
CONTENTS vii 
 
 CHAPTER XI 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Scrap Baskets. (Models 19 and 20) . . 79 
 
 CHAPTER XII 
 
 Oval Base 84 
 
 Oval Baskets. (Models 21 and 22) . . . 87 
 
 CHAPTER XIII 
 
 Culling-Flower Baskets. (Model 23) . . 90 
 
 Large Gathering Basket. (Model 24) . . 92 
 
 CHAPTER XIV 
 
 Table of Weaves 94 
 
 Table of Coils 97 
 
 Scale of Measurements for Models Given 
 
 in the Twelve Lessons 98 
 
 Table of Borders 99 
 
 CHAPTER XV 
 
 Answers to Questions 101 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 Variety of Baskets Showing what Can Be Made with 
 
 Reed Frontispiece 
 
 FACING PAGE 
 
 Figure I. Tools 4 
 
 Figure II. "Weaves" 10 
 
 Figure III. Four-Spoked Base 18 
 
 Figure IV. Base 20 
 
 Figure V, Model 1 . 22 
 
 Figure VI, Models 4 and 5 30 
 
 Figure VII, Models 6 and 7 34 
 
 Figure VIII, Model 8 38 
 
 Diagram No. o. Base with Thirteen Spokes . . . page 37 
 
 Diagrams No. 1 and No. 2 42 
 
 Diagrams No. 3 and No. 4 43 
 
 Diagrams No. 5 and No. 6 44 
 
 Diagrams No. 7 and No. 8 45 
 
 4 
 
 Diagrams No. 9 and No. 10, Handle-Bar 46 
 
 Figure IX, Models 9, 10, 11, and 12 50 
 
 Diagram No. 11. Inserting Split Handle-Bars . . page 50 
 
 Diagram No. 12. Winding a Split Handle 52 
 
 Figure X, Models 13, 14, 15, and is 2 56 
 
 ix 
 
x ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 FACING PAGE 
 
 Diagrams No. 13, No. 14, No. 15 60 
 
 Diagram No. 16. Indian Centre No. 1. Sixteen Spokes 64 
 
 Diagram No. 17. Indian Centre No. 2. Sixteen and one 
 
 half Spokes 64 
 
 Diagram No. 18. Indian Centre No. 3. Sixteen Spokes 65 
 
 Diagram No. 19. Indian Centre No. 4. Twenty-four 
 
 Spokes 65 
 
 Diagram No. 20 page 67 
 
 Figure XI, Models 16 and 17 68 
 
 Diagram No. 21. Correct and Incorrect Base Spokes page 73 
 
 Diagram No. 22. Correct Side Spokes 74 
 
 Diagram No. 23. Correct and Incorrect Side Spokes . . 74 
 
 Figure XII, Model 18. Scrap Basket 76 
 
 Figure XIII, Models 19 and 20 80 
 
 Diagram No. 24 page 84 
 
 Diagram No. 25. Winding of Intersection of Needles and 
 
 Threads in an Oval Base page 85 
 
 Diagram No. 26. Right Side of an Oval Base .... 86 
 
 Diagram No. 27. Under Side of an Oval Base .... 86 
 
 Diagram No. 28. Separating Spokes in an Oval Base page 86 
 
 Figure XIV, Models 21 and 22 88 
 
 Figure XV, Models 23 and 24 92 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 Basketry is one of the most ancient of crafts and 
 probably the origin of all the textile arts of the world. 
 
 The process of interweaving twigs, seeds, or leaves 
 is practised among the rudest nations of the world; 
 and as it is one of the most universal of arts, so also 
 does it rank among the most ancient industries. 
 
 Authorities on the subject declare that there has 
 never been a tribe in any part of the world that has 
 not employed some mode of making baskets, and 
 that all the weaves in use at the present day have 
 their origin in baskets made by our savage ancestors. 
 
 A craft of such antiquity is naturally of surpassing 
 interest. 
 
 The ancient Britons appear to have excelled in 
 the art of basket making, and the shields of the 
 ancient warriors and also their huts were made of 
 wicker-work; and their boats of the same material, 
 covered with skins of animals, attracted the notice 
 of the Romans. Herodotus mentions boats of this 
 kind on the Tigris and Euphrates. 
 
 Among many uncivilized tribes of the present day 
 baskets of a superior order are made and applied to 
 various useful purposes. 
 
xii INTRODUCTION 
 
 The North American Indians prepare strong, 
 water-tight baskets from roots. The Indians of 
 South America weave baskets equally useful from 
 fronds of their native palms, while the Hottentots 
 of South Africa are as skilful in using reeds and the 
 roots of plants, and display great adroitness in the 
 art of basket weaving. 
 
 The Chinese and the Japanese excel in the appli- 
 cation of bamboo in the weaving of baskets and the 
 making of furniture, and their products are of un- 
 equalled beauty and finish. 
 
 In England and America the value of manual 
 training is being recognized, and basketry is taking 
 an important place. The art has proved itself ca- 
 pable of immense development. New shapes as well 
 as new designs in weaving are constantly suggesting 
 themselves, and the most advanced teachers find 
 that there is a great deal in the craft yet to be 
 learned. 
 
 A thorough and steady training of twelve months 
 is necessary to become proficient, and three years to 
 acquire sufficient accuracy and speed (training the 
 eye for shaping and the hand for regular and even 
 weaving) to be able to fill correctly orders for special 
 designs, and to reproduce models from specified 
 measurements. 
 
 George Wharton James has given us the thought 
 that each basket has a significance in shape, design, 
 and color all its own, and suggests that in our work 
 
INTRODUCTION xiii 
 
 we follow the Indian idea of making the basket the 
 exponent of something within ourselves; then the 
 shape, design, and colors will all mean something 
 more to us than what merely shows on the outside. 
 
 Train yourselves to imitate in form the simple 
 things, and find your true inspiration in nature. 
 
 To be proficient in this task one must be perse- 
 vering, accurate, neat, and capable of making the 
 hand obey the mind. 
 
THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
CHAPTER I 
 MATERIALS, TOOLS, PREPARATION 
 
 i. Materials. 
 
 Rattan, imported from the East Indies, is used 
 exclusively in the making of reed baskets. It comes 
 to us from the manufacturer in round or flat 
 strips of various sizes, ranging from No. oo to No. 
 15, the former being the finest and also the most 
 expensive reed. The reed can be purchased at bas- 
 ket factories in most of our large cities, or from 
 retail dealers, in bales weighing from one pound to 
 one hundred pounds. It is advisable to buy not less 
 than five pounds of each required number and in- 
 crease the pounds when necessary. Reed in all sizes 
 can be procured from the following addresses: 
 
 The American Rattan & Reed Mfg. Co., Norman 
 and Kingsland Avenues, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 The New England Reed Company, 9 to 17 Green 
 Street, Boston, Mass. 
 
 2. Tools. 
 
 (1) Sloyd knife or penknife. 
 
 (2) Side cutters or pliers. 
 
 (3) Pincers. 
 
 (4) Winding awl. 
 
 (5) Awl. (See Fig. III.) 
 
 (6) Tape measure. 
 
4 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 (7) Foot rule. 
 
 (8) Pencil. 
 
 (9) Good-sized tin dish pan. 
 
 (10) Rubber finger-guards (when the skin becomes 
 tender). 
 
 3. Winding Awl. 
 
 This tool cannot be purchased in hardware stores, 
 but a machinist can make it by taking an awl, a 
 trifle smaller than an ordinary lead-pencil, flattening 
 the end (as in Fig. I) and curving this end slightly 
 upward. This instrument will be found invaluable 
 in saving wear and tear on the hands, and in curving 
 a weaver close to a spoke, where it is impossible to 
 use the fingers. 
 
 4. Preparation. 
 
 The reed is received from the manufacturer in long 
 skeins and must be drawn out one reed at a time 
 from the loop end. The heavier material, which is 
 to form the ribs or spokes of the basket, should be 
 cut into lengths of the required number of inches, 
 while the smaller reed, or "weavers," should be 
 wound into circles about a foot in diameter, the ends 
 being twisted in and out several times to prevent 
 unwinding. 
 
 The reed must lie in tepid water for ten minutes 
 before using it. When pliable, pour the water off 
 and use the reed while damp. Should it dry out 
 while using, place in water again, but reed that lies 
 in water too long becomes brittle. The spokes, 
 which have already been cut the required length, 
 should be placed in any vessel that will take their 
 
MATERIALS, TOOLS, PREPARATION 5 
 
 length without bending and allowed to soak five 
 minutes before using. 
 
 5. Definitions. 
 
 "Spokes." The reeds which form the framework, 
 viz.: ribs of the base or sides of the basket. 
 
 (a) Base Spokes. Spokes used in the base. 
 
 (b) Side Spokes. Spokes used in the sides of a 
 basket. 
 
 (c) Initial Spoke. The spoke behind which the 
 first weaver is placed. 
 
 (d) For convenience the spokes to the left of the 
 initial spoke will be termed X, Y, Z; the initial 
 spoke No. 1 and the spokes to the right of this spoke 
 No. 2 and No. 3. 
 
 (e) "Weavers." The reed or reeds woven over 
 and under the spokes. These must necessarily be 
 smaller in size than the spokes. 
 
 (/) The weavers will be designated by the same 
 terms as the spokes behind which they start, viz.: 
 Weaver starting behind the initial spoke is weaver 
 No. 1. 
 
 (g) "Stroke" is the distance a weaver is carried 
 in one movement, either in front or back of the 
 spokes. 
 
CHAPTER II 
 
 FUNDAMENTAL WEAVES 
 
 6. The eight fundamental weaves (Fig. II) will 
 be developed in the lessons following, and can only 
 be acquired by thoroughly understanding each 
 weave as it is explained in the lesson. Make a 
 practice of referring to this chapter, as the different 
 weaves come into play, until each weave becomes 
 second nature to you. 
 
 (i 
 
 (2 
 
 (3 
 (4 
 
 (5 
 (6 
 (7 
 
 (8 
 
 " Over and under" 
 
 "Double over and under?' 
 
 "Japanese weave." 
 
 "Double Japanese?' 
 
 "Pairing." 
 
 " Triple weave?' 
 
 "Coil." 
 
 "Arrow." 
 
 7. General Rule. Weave from left to right. 
 
 8. Over and Under. (Fig. II, 1.) 
 
 In front of one spoke and back of one. 
 
 (a) One Weaver. When there is an odd number 
 of spokes, the weaver is placed behind a spoke and 
 carried in front of the next spoke, thus alternating 
 over and under around the basket. 
 
 6 
 
FUNDAMENTAL WEAVES 7 
 
 (b) Two Weavers. When there is an even number 
 of spokes, carry the first weaver once around the 
 basket, stopping in front of the spoke to the left of 
 the initial spoke, i. e.> spoke Z (5 D). Insert a sec- 
 ond weaver behind this spoke, or spoke Z, and carry- 
 it around the basket, allowing the second weaver to 
 pass back of the spokes that the first weaver passed 
 in front of, and in front of the spokes that the first 
 weaver passed back of, and so continue the weave 
 by carrying each weaver separately around the bas- 
 ket; keeping the first weaver always ahead of the 
 second weaver, to prevent crossing. 
 
 9. Double Over and Under. (Fig. II, 2.) 
 
 In front of one spoke and back of one. 
 
 This weave is exactly the same as "over and 
 under," except that two weavers are carried as one. 
 
 (a) Two weavers carried as one when there is an 
 odd number of spokes. These two weavers are 
 placed behind the same spoke and carried in front 
 of the next spoke, thus alternating over and under 
 around the basket. 
 
 (b) Four weavers carried as two pairs when there 
 is an even number of spokes. Place two weavers be- 
 hind the same spoke, and carry this first pair once 
 around the basket, stopping in front of the spoke 
 to the left of the initial spoke. Insert a second 
 pair of weavers behind this spoke (i. e. y the one to 
 the left of the initial spoke) and carry them around 
 the basket and so continue by carrying each pair of 
 weavers separately around the basket; keeping the 
 first pair of weavers always ahead of the second pair, 
 to prevent crossing. 
 
8 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 io. Japanese Weave. (Fig. II, 3.) 
 
 In front of two spokes and back of one. 
 
 One Weaver. This weave cannot be used where 
 the number of spokes is divisible by three. 
 
 11. Double Japanese. (Fig. II, 4.) 
 
 In front of two spokes and back of one. 
 
 Two weavers carried as one where the number of 
 spokes is not divisible by three. Place the two 
 weavers behind the same spoke and carry them as 
 one, in front of two spokes and back of one. 
 
 12. Pairing. (Fig. II, 5.) 
 
 In front of one spoke and back of one. 
 
 Two Weavers. This weave can be used on an odd 
 or even number of spokes. Two weavers are placed 
 behind two consecutive spokes. The weaver to the 
 left, each time, is carried in front of one spoke and 
 back of one, allowing it to cross on top of the weaver 
 to the right. 
 
 "Pairing" differs from "over and under" in the 
 fact that, in pairing, the weaver to the left, or back 
 weaver, each time crosses over the front weaver (i. <?., 
 weaver to right), while in "over and under" the 
 weavers never cross each other. 
 
 13. Triple Weave. (Fig. II, 6.) 
 
 In front of two spokes and back of one. 
 
 Three Weavers. This weave can be used on an 
 odd or even number of spokes. 
 
 Three weavers are placed behind three consecu- 
 tive spokes and each weaver (beginning with the 
 
FUNDAMENTAL WEAVES 9 
 
 weaver to the left) is brought, in succession, in front 
 of two spokes, and back of one, allowing it to cross 
 on top of the two weavers to the right. 
 
 14. Notice the similarity between "pairing" and 
 "triple weave." 
 
 In pairing, two weavers are used, and each weaver 
 in turn passes over one weaver, and two spokes 
 come into play. 
 
 In triple, three weavers are used, and each weaver 
 in turn passes over two weavers, and three spokes 
 come into play. 
 
 15. Coil. (Fig. II, 7.) 
 
 A coil is one row of heavy weaving around the 
 basket, resembling a rope twist. 
 
 It is a variation of the triple weave, though four 
 or more weavers may be used. 
 
 (a) Three-Rod Coil. Three weavers: In front of 
 two spokes and back of one. 
 
 (b) Four-Rod Coil. Four weavers: In front of 
 three spokes and back of one. 
 
 (c) Five-Rod Coil. Five weavers : In front of four 
 spokes and back of one. 
 
 16. The following rule is imperative: 
 
 All coils must be reversed and locked. 
 
 17. Reversing a Coil. 
 
 Example — Three-Rod Coil 
 
 Three Weavers. Each weaver measuring six inches 
 longer than the circumference of the basket. In 
 
 front of two spokes and back of one. 
 
io THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 In beginning a coil allow at least two inches of 
 each weaver on the inside of the basket. The 
 weavers are carried around the basket as in triple 
 weave, stopping before the initial spoke. For con- 
 venience, we will mark these three spokes (to the 
 left of the initial spoke) X, Y, Z, and number the 
 initial spoke and the two to its right I, 2, 3. 
 
 At this point the weaving is to be reversed, as 
 follows: Carry the weaver passing back of spoke Z 
 (». e., the right-hand weaver) in front of spokes 1 
 and 2 and back of spoke 3. (Fig. II, 7.) 
 
 The weaver back of spoke Y passes in front of 
 spokes Z and 1 and back of spoke 2. (Fig. II, 7.) 
 
 The weaver at X passes in front of spokes Y and 
 Z and back of spoke 1 (i. <?., the initial spoke). 
 
 Explanation : In reversing a coil you reverse the 
 weaving; that is, instead of carrying the left-hand 
 weaver, you carry the right-hand weaver, and, if 
 the coil is completed correctly, the left-hand weaver 
 will finish behind the initial spoke and the other 
 two weavers behind spokes 2 and 3. (Fig. II, 7.) 
 
 Notice that behind these three spokes there is the 
 beginning of a weaver and the ending of a weaver. 
 These three pairs must be locked. 
 
 18. Locking a Coil. 
 
 Behind each of these three spokes we have the 
 beginning of a weaver and the ending of a weaver, 
 which we will designate as "beginning weaver" and 
 "ending weaver." 
 
 With the left hand hold the "beginning weaver" 
 back of spoke 3, inward and away from the spoke, 
 and with the right hand draw the "ending weaver" 
 
FIGURE II. WEAVES 
 
 I. Over and under. 2. Double over and under. 3. Japanese. 4. Double Japanese. 
 
 5. Pairing. 6. Triple. 7. Coil. 8. Arrow. 
 
FUNDAMENTAL WEAVES n 
 
 back of the spoke 3 and under the coil to the outside 
 of the basket, so that the two weavers lie flat, side by 
 side. 
 
 Continue the same with the two weavers at 
 spokes 2 and 1. 
 
 Trim the three weavers on the outside of the bas- 
 ket with a very slanting cut close to the coil; likewise 
 the three on the inside of the basket. 
 
 19. Arrow. (Fig. II, 8.) 
 
 Two rows of weaving, converging at each spoke, and 
 composed of: 
 
 (a) 2 rows of "pairing." 
 
 (b) 2 rows of "three-rod coil." 
 
 (c) 2 rows of "four-rod coil." 
 
 Example — Three-Rod Arrow. 
 
 Three Weavers. Each weaver must measure twice 
 the circumference, as it requires two rows to com- 
 plete the arrow. 
 
 The first row of an "arrow" consists of a coil and 
 must be reversed but not locked. (Fig. II, 8.) 
 
 In the second row each weaver, in turn, as it 
 passes in front of the two spokes, is carried under 
 the weavers to the right, instead of on top of them 
 as in the first row. This causes the weavers of the 
 second row to converge with those of the first row 
 at each spoke. 
 
 Explanation of second row : Hold the two weavers 
 to the right, with the left hand, and draw them up 
 and out toward you, allowing the left-hand weaver 
 to pass in front of two spokes, under these two weav- 
 
12 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 ers, and back of the third spoke and out. Continue 
 this around the basket, always taking the left-hand 
 weaver until you come to the initial spoke, when you 
 complete the "arrow." This is very different from 
 reversing a coil and must not be confused with 
 same. 
 
 Completing the "Arrow." Completing the second 
 row of an "arrow," the first weaver ends back of 
 the initial spoke and on the inside of the basket. 
 (Fig. II, 8, X-i.) The second weaver to the left 
 passes in front of two spokes, under the one remain- 
 ing weaver to the right, and also under the first 
 stroke of the second row of the arrow, ending behind 
 spoke 2 on the inside of the basket. (Fig. II, 8, Y-2.) 
 The third weaver passes in front of two spokes and 
 under the two weavers which compose the first and 
 second strokes of the second row of the arrow, 
 and this third weaver ends behind spoke 3 on the 
 inside of the basket. (Fig. II, 8, Z-3.) 
 
 In completing an "arrow" bear in mind that the 
 weavers are lacing with the weavers that began the 
 second row and have nothing to do with the first 
 row. That row was completed when the weaving 
 was reversed. 
 
 20. Rule. 
 
 (a) First weaver ends back of the initial spoke. 
 
 (b) Second weaver laces under the weaver which 
 passes in front of spoke 2. 
 
 (c) Third weaver laces under the two weavers that 
 pass in front of spoke 3. 
 
 (d) In a four-rod arrow, the fourth weaver laces 
 under the three weavers that pass in front of spoke 4. 
 
FUNDAMENTAL WEAVES 13 
 
 21. Double Weaving. 
 
 Carrying two weavers as one, as: "double over 
 and under," "double Japanese," "double pairing," 
 and "double triple weave." 
 
 22. Terms. 
 
 (a) Turn of a Basket. The point where the sides 
 of the basket leave the base. 
 
 (b) Shoulder of a Basket. The turn at the top of 
 a basket. 
 
 (c) Opening of a Basket. The space included in 
 the border of a basket. 
 
 (d) Border. The finishing of a basket at the top, 
 formed by the spokes. 
 
 (e) Mending. The insertion of a new weaver to 
 continue the weave, when the previous weaver has 
 been terminated. 
 
 (/) Mending Spoke. The spoke behind which the 
 mending is done. 
 
 23. Mending Over and Under. 
 
 Allow the short weaver to end behind a spoke. 
 Make a slanting cut on the weaver to the right of the 
 spoke and lay the new weaver back of the same 
 spoke, trimming it on the left-hand side of the spoke. 
 
 24. Mending Pairing. 
 
 Same as mending "over and under." 
 
 25. Mending Double Over and Under. 
 
 The method is the same as in single "over and 
 under," but always insert the new weaver below, no 
 
i 4 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 matter whether it is the under or upper weaver that 
 is being mended. 
 
 26. Mending Japanese Weave. 
 
 Allow the short weaver to end behind a spoke and 
 trim the weaver on the right side of the spoke. 
 Insert the new weaver down in the weaving on the 
 right-hand side of the spoke to the left of the mend- 
 ing spoke (22/). Carry this new weaver back of 
 the mending spoke, on top of the short end, and 
 to the outside of the basket and continue the weave. 
 Notice that the new weaver comes out just where 
 the short one would have continued. 
 
 In a model that requires very neat weaving, mend 
 "Japanese weave" like "triple weave" (28). 
 
 27. Mending Double Japanese. 
 
 Mend as in single "over and under," always in- 
 serting the new weaver below, no matter whether it 
 is the upper or under weaver that is being mended. 
 
 28. Mending Triple Weave. 
 
 Trim the weaver to be mended about one quarter 
 of an inch on the right side of the mending spoke 
 (22/). With the pincers, pinch this weaver on the 
 left side of the mending spoke, and turn it down in 
 the weaving on the left side of the mending spoke. 
 Insert the new weaver in the weaving on the right 
 side of the spoke to the left of the mending spoke. 
 Pinch close to the weaving and carry the new 
 weaver back of the mending spoke and to the out- 
 side of the basket. This process of mending "triple 
 weave" is the neatest method and is used where the 
 
FUNDAMENTAL WEAVES 15 
 
 inside of the basket is desired to be smooth; other- 
 wise "triple weave" may be mended as in "Jap- 
 anese" mending (26). 
 
 29. Mending a Coil. 
 
 Allow the short weaver to end back of a spoke. 
 Hold it away from the spoke on the inside of the 
 basket and insert a new weaver to the right of it, 
 close to the mending spoke. Allow the end of the 
 new weaver to pass to the outside of the basket in 
 the space to the left of the mending spoke and thus 
 lock with the short end of the old weaver, so that 
 the two weavers lie flat, side by side. Carry the new 
 weaver back of the mending spoke and to the out- 
 side of the basket. 
 
 A coil may also be mended as described in 28. 
 
 30. Mending an Arrow. 
 
 The method in both rows is the same as mending a 
 coil (29). 
 
 31. Directions for Measuring a Basket. 
 
 (a) Base. The diameter of the under-side of the 
 base without the arrow. 
 
 (b) Height. Place the basket on a table and take 
 the perpendicular distance between the table and a 
 rule laid across the top of the basket. 
 
 (c) Opening. The diameters from border to 
 border. 
 
 {d) Greatest Diameter. The greatest distance be- 
 tween the sides of the basket. 
 
CHAPTER III 
 BASE 
 
 32. As the base is the starting-point in making 
 baskets and the most important factor, it is wise 
 for the student to conquer this part of the weaving 
 first. Make at least six perfect bases with the cor- 
 rect slope, straight spokes, and with no mistake in 
 the weaving before attempting the sides of the bas- 
 ket. A base that is not correct should be ripped 
 out, the materials resoaked and made over. 
 
 33. Rule for Round Bases. 
 
 (a) The spokes must radiate from the centre, be 
 an equidistance from each other, and curve down- 
 ward evenly. 
 
 (b) The weaving must be executed with equal ten- 
 sion, it must be smooth and very close. Draw the 
 weaver down tight, so that it will press close to the 
 weaving of the preceding row. 
 
 (c) The curve of a finished base should resemble 
 an inverted saucer. In a four or five inch base, the 
 centre should be three fourths of an inch from the 
 table when the ends of the base spokes rest on 
 the table. 
 
 (d) The base spokes should be cut one and one 
 half inches longer than the required dimensions of 
 
 the base. 
 
 16 
 
BASE 17 
 
 34. Materials. 
 
 Eight spokes, six inches long, No. 5 reed. Weavers 
 No. 2 reed. 
 
 Soak the spokes and reed in tepid water for ten 
 minutes. Place four of the spokes on a block of 
 wood and, with the awl, pierce these four spokes 
 successively in the centre, making a slit about an 
 inch long and keeping them on the awl as seen in 
 Fig. III. These four spokes are called the "needles" 
 and the remaining four the "threads." Make a 
 slanting cut on one end of each of the "threads" and 
 push these four-pointed spokes, one at a time, 
 through the slits of the "needles," drawing them 
 half-way through the "needles." When one is in 
 place the awl may be removed and the other three 
 inserted. This operation is termed "threading the 
 needles." 
 
 Holding the ends of the needles in both hands, 
 curve them slightly downward from the centre out; 
 likewise the threads. This helps to direct the spokes 
 in the curve that you wish to weave the base. 
 
 35. The Button of the Base. 
 
 Select a soft, mellow weaver of No. 2 reed and, 
 with the pincers, crush the fibre about twenty inches 
 from one end, so that the weaver can be turned back 
 on itself without breaking. Place the spokes before 
 you with the concave side down and one end of the 
 needles pointing toward you. With the left hand 
 pick the spokes up, having the thumb and back of 
 your hand above and the fingers underneath the 
 spokes. The "needles" will be vertical or parallel 
 with your body and the "threads" horizontal. With 
 
18 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 the right hand place the crushed point of the weaver 
 in the outer left-hand angle, where the "threads" 
 meet the "needles" (Fig. Ill, a), placing the long 
 end of the weaver in front of the vertical spokes or 
 "needles" and the short end underneath. With in- 
 dex finger and thumb of the right hand draw the long 
 end of the weaver down in the outer right-hand angle 
 (Fig. Ill, b), holding it in place with the middle fin- 
 ger of the left hand and bring the short weaver back 
 of the "needles" up at the outer right-hand angle 
 (Fig. Ill, b) and on top of the long weaver just car- 
 ried down. Turn the spokes to the left, so that the 
 "threads" are now pointing toward the body and 
 the "needles" horizontal. 
 
 Move the position of the left hand each time you 
 turn the base, always having the thumb and back of 
 the hand on top, with the thumb resting on the 
 centre of the spokes and the fingers underneath. 
 Carry the short weaver in front of the "threads," 
 close to the "needles" and down at the third angle 
 (Fig. Ill, c) y which is now in the position of b in the 
 plate, holding it underneath with the middle finger 
 of the left hand. Bring the long weaver under the 
 threads and up at angle c, on top of the short weaver 
 just taken down. 
 
 Turn the spokes to the left and carry the long 
 weaver in front of the "needles" and down at angle 
 d, and bring the short weaver back of the "needles" 
 and up at angle d, on top of the long weaver just 
 taken down. 
 
 Turn the spokes to the left and carry the short 
 weaver in front of the threads and down at angle a> 
 and bring the long weaver back of the threads and 
 
BASE 19 
 
 up at angle a> on top of the short weaver just taken 
 down. 
 
 This completes one circuit of the button, and you 
 continue the weave until you have made four com- 
 plete circuits and have four weavers crossing the 
 two sets of "needles" and the two sets of "threads." 
 (Fig. Ill, 3.) 
 
 This forms the button of the base, and, when 
 woven correctly, the short weaver passes down in 
 the last angle and the long weaver, which is under- 
 neath, is brought up between the two spokes to 
 the left of this angle instead of at the angle. (Fig. 
 Ill, 3.) The spoke to the left of the long weaver is 
 the initial spoke of the base. (Fig. Ill, 3.) 
 
 36. The Weaving of a Base. 
 
 Japanese weave (10), in front of two and back of 
 one, is the most practical weave for bases. 
 
 The spokes of the base must now be separated as 
 in Fig. IV, 1. 
 
 This separation must be done with the greatest 
 care and evenness, bearing in mind that the spokes 
 must radiate from the centre at an equal distance 
 from each other and also must have a gradual down- 
 ward curve. The winding awl will be found most 
 helpful in the first few rows of a base, as a spoke that 
 tends to lie above or below the other spokes can be 
 brought into position with this tool. 
 
 As you weave, press each stroke down tight be- 
 tween the spokes, using the winding awl in the first 
 few rows, and draw the weaver close to the weaving 
 of the preceding row. By the time the third row is 
 woven, the spokes should be evenly separated. 
 
20 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 As you carry the weaver each time in front of two 
 spokes and down between the spokes, with the index- 
 finger of the right hand endeavor to give the weaver 
 a slight curve down and in toward the centre, so that 
 it will curve under the spoke rather than merely pass 
 back of it. This curving of the weaver can only be 
 mastered by practice, but it is essential in all weaving 
 as it not only adds strength and beauty to the 
 weaving but prevents the weaver from standing out 
 from the weavers of the preceding row. Do not for- 
 get with every stroke down, in the first few rows of 
 the base, to use your winding awl and press the 
 weaving as close to the button as possible. As you 
 weave, curve the base slightly downward. 
 
 Continue the Japanese weave until the diameter 
 of the base underneath measures three and three 
 quarters (3^) inches. Stop the weave at the initial 
 spoke and turn the base over. Lace the weaver 
 under the weaver of the preceding row that crosses 
 the spoke and cut it off, allowing about an inch, so 
 that it will not pull out. With a slanting cut, trim 
 any weavers underneath that may stick out where 
 you mended. Refer to mending of Japanese weave 
 (26) when a new weaver is needed. Do not trim 
 the base spokes until you are ready to weave the 
 sides of the basket. 
 
 Make a second base and, if it proves stronger, a 
 better curve and smoother weaving, rip the first one 
 out, soak the weavers, and make it over. Continue 
 this until you have six perfect bases. 
 
CHAPTER IV 
 WORK-BASKETS 
 
 37. Work-Basket I, Model i. 
 
 dimensions 
 
 Base 4^4 inches. 
 
 Height 4 inches. 
 
 Opening 9K inches. 
 
 materials 
 
 8 base spokes No. 5 reed, 6 inches long. 
 
 Weavers No. 2 reed. 
 
 32 side spokes No. 4^ reed, 18 inches long. 
 
 Weavers No. 3 reed. 
 
 Weave base as described in paragraph on bases 
 (34-36). 
 
 38. Soak side spokes five minutes and with a 
 knife sharpen the ends that are to be inserted in the 
 base with a long slanting cut of about an inch. Turn 
 the base upside down in your lap, trim one spoke at a 
 time of the base spokes, as close to the weaving as 
 possible, pressing the pliers tight against the weav- 
 ing as you cut. Insert two of the side spokes (No. 
 43^) on either side of the base spoke, having first run 
 the awl down along the spoke to open the way and 
 push the spoke down to the button. 
 
 21 
 
22 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 Should any of these spokes prove soft, reject them 
 and replace them with hard ones, as one soft spoke 
 in a basket may ruin a model. Continue around the 
 base until each spoke has been bi-spoked with two 
 spokes of No. \%. 
 
 39. Separating the Bi-Spokes in a Base by 
 Means of a Three-Rod Arrow. 
 
 These side spokes must now be separated an equal 
 distance apart before turning the basket. This is 
 accomplished by a three-rod arrow (19). (See Fig. 
 
 IV, 3.) 
 
 Select a soft weaver of No. 3 reed, measure the 
 circumference of the base, allowing an inch over, 
 double the length and cut two weavers of equal 
 length from soft reed. These three weavers, each 
 twice the circumference of the base, will make the 
 arrow. Place the base with the inserted spokes on 
 your lap with face or right side of the base up. 
 Select any spoke and run one of the weavers close 
 down in the weaving on the right side of the spoke, 
 pinch it close to the weaving, and allow it to lie on 
 the top of the base. Mark this spoke with a pencil 
 mark or string, as it is the first or initial spoke of the 
 arrow. Insert a second weaver in the same way on 
 the right side of the spoke to the right, and the third 
 weaver to the right of the third spoke, pinch and 
 draw on top of base. Carry each left-hand weaver 
 in succession in front of two spokes and under the 
 third, allowing it to pass on top of the other two 
 weavers. See directions for making an arrow (19), 
 and follow them accurately, remembering as you 
 weave to separate the spokes an equal distance apart. 
 
WORK-BASKETS 23 
 
 Reverse the first arrow in the row at the initial spoke, 
 and make the second row of the arrow with great 
 care. 
 
 This part of the weaving will be difficult for a 
 beginner, but must be mastered at the start as it is 
 essential to separate the side spokes before attempt- 
 ing to turn the basket; trim the weavers on the wrong 
 side with a slanting cut. 
 
 40. Turning the Basket. 
 
 Turn the basket over and pinch the spokes very 
 close to the weaving of the arrow. Select four 
 weavers of No. 3 reed. 
 
 A basket can be turned best from the base by a 
 four-rod coil (15&, 17), and, as a rule, it takes three 
 rows of coils to turn the spokes at a right angle from 
 the base, as in Fig. V. 
 
 Insert these four weavers at four consecutive 
 spokes, marking the first one to the left as the initial 
 spoke of the basket. Hold the base with the concave 
 or under side toward your body. The bi-spokes 
 are now to be turned, each one in its order, at right 
 angles to the base. As you carry each left-hand 
 weaver in front of three spokes and back of one, 
 guide the direction of the three spokes so that they 
 turn perfectly evenly and are the same distance 
 apart, and direct them to form the same angle with 
 the base. The turning of a basket is one of the 
 most important features of basket weaving. Re- 
 verse the weaving at the initial spoke to complete 
 the coil but do not lock as in a single coil, remember- 
 ing that when a coil is followed by a second one the 
 locking is omitted. Make a second and finally a 
 
24 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 third coil, reversing each time at the initial spoke. 
 At the end of the third coil the spokes should be 
 turned as in Fig. V. Cut out the fourth weaver and 
 continue in triple weave (13) for three quarters of an 
 inch. You will notice at the initial spoke that the 
 weavers in the first two rows of the triple weave 
 pass immediately one on top of the other, making a 
 slight blemish in the weaving; but it is wiser not to 
 reverse the triple weave at the initial spoke as it 
 tends to make a depression in the weaving at this 
 point of the basket. Cut out the third weaver, and 
 weave one and five eighths inches of "double Jap- 
 anese weave" (11), carrying the two weavers as 
 one. At the beginning of this weave the weaver at 
 the initial spoke passes in front of two spokes and 
 back of the third, while the weaver to the right of 
 it passes over one spoke and under one, which brings 
 the two weavers under the same spoke, and now the 
 "Japanese weave" can be done correctly. 
 
 Finish this weave as you began, one weaver back 
 of the initial spoke and the second to the right of 
 it. Insert a third weaver and continue in "triple 
 weave" (13), one and one quarter inches. Finish 
 the top of the weaving with a four-rod locked coil 
 (15&, 17-18). The diameter of the basket should 
 measure ten and one half inches. 
 
 41. Border No. i Made in Three Rows. 
 
 Soak the spokes and crush them very close to the 
 weaving, and make the following border: 
 
 First Row. Take any spoke, as No. 1, and carry 
 it to the right and back of Nos. 2 and 3 close to the 
 weaving and to the outside of the basket. No. 2 is 
 
WORK-BASKETS 25 
 
 brought back of Nos. 3 and 4, and so on around the 
 basket. 
 
 Do not draw the first two spokes of the border 
 too close, for when the circuit is being completed the 
 last two standing spokes must lace under the first 
 two spokes laid down and come to the outside of the 
 basket. 
 
 Second Row. Each spoke in turn is carried in 
 front of three of the original standing spokes and 
 on top of the spokes to the right of it and inside of 
 the basket, under the first row of the border, not 
 drawing the first three spokes in this row too tight, 
 as the last three must pass over them. This row 
 forms a heavy coil on the outside rim of the basket 
 and can be made to lie more evenly by running the 
 palm of the hand around the basket. The spokes 
 now are all on the inside of the basket. 
 
 Third Row. Carry each spoke in turn on top of 
 the two spokes to the right and down under the 
 third, curving the spokes in close to the basket and 
 lacing the last two spokes in the row with the first 
 two spokes of the third row laid down. Be careful 
 in finishing this row not to confuse the last two 
 strokes with any of the strokes in the first row. To 
 make it easier insert your awl or a little piece of 
 reed back of the first stroke in this third row 
 as a mark, when you come to lace in the last two 
 spokes. 
 
 The diameter of your basket should now measure 
 about nine and one half inches. 
 
 Trim each spoke neatly with a slanting cut on 
 the right-hand side of the spoke it passed under in 
 the third row. 
 
26 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 42. In weaving great care must be taken to 
 keep the spokes in correct position, in reference to 
 the base and each other. This is a most difficult 
 part of basket weaving and can only be acquired by 
 close attention to the two rules following: 
 
 First. The spokes must all have the same slope 
 from the base; as each spoke comes into play see 
 that it does not push in or bend out farther than the 
 spokes on either side of it. 
 
 Second. Keep the spokes an equal distance from 
 each other. 
 
 Continue to produce this model until you have a 
 firm basket, with straight spokes, even weaving, 
 and the specified measurements. 
 
 This model may be reproduced in a smaller size 
 by using a smaller base. 
 
 43. Work-Basket, Model No. 2. 
 
 dimensions 
 
 Base sH inches. 
 
 Height 3K inches. 
 
 Opening g}4 inches. 
 
 MATERIALS 
 
 8 base spokes No. 5 reed, 7 inches long. 
 
 Weavers No. 2 reed. 
 
 32 side spokes No. 4K reed, 18 inches long. 
 
 Weavers Nos. 2 and 3 reed. 
 
 Weaving. Four-spoke base (34-36) five and three 
 quarters inches. 
 
 Bi-spoke with thirty-two side spokes (38), and 
 separated with a three-rod arrow (39). 
 
WORK-BASKETS 27 
 
 Pinch and turn with two rows of a four-rod coil 
 
 (40). 
 
 Three rows of triple weave (13). 
 
 Six rows of over-and-under weave (8&), using two 
 weavers as the number of spokes is even. 
 
 Four-rod arrow (19-20^). 
 
 One inch of double over-and-under weave (8b), 
 using four weavers of No. 2 reed. 
 
 And finish with a four-rod coil locked (15^, 17-18). 
 
 Border No. 1 (41). 
 
 See Work-Basket No. 1. 
 
 44. Bowl-Shaped Basket, Model No. 3. 
 
 Base 4 inches. 
 
 Height 4 inches. 
 
 Opening 8 inches. 
 
 Diameter 9 inches. 
 
 Do not pinch the spokes at the base but make a 
 gradual curve from the base like a bowl, until your 
 diameter is nine inches, then curve inward until the 
 diameter is eight inches. 
 
 Select your own weaves. 
 
 45. Questions. 
 
 One. What part of the weaving is designated by 
 the term "Button" ? 
 
 Two. Holding the base spokes in the first posi- 
 tion, that is, needles parallel to the body, which 
 spoke becomes the initial spoke of the base? Is it a 
 needle or one of the threads ? 
 
 Three. Of what use is the arrow in the base ? 
 
 Four. What does bi-spoking mean ? 
 
28 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 Five. What is the difference between a three-rod 
 coil and triple weave ? 
 
 Six. What two distinct features in weaving deter- 
 mine a coil ? 
 
 Seven. When a coil is followed immediately by a 
 second one, what part of the weaving of a coil is 
 omitted ? 
 
 Eight. What is the long stroke in "Japanese 
 weave r 
 
 Nine. Describe how "double Japanese weave" 
 is begun ? 
 
 Ten. What two fundamental principles of weav- 
 ing characterize the position of the spokes in a 
 basket ? 
 
DIAGRAM NO. l6. INDIAN CENTRE NO. I. 
 
 SPOKES 
 
 SIXTEEN 
 
 DIAGRAM NO. IJ. INDIAN CENTRE NO. 2. 
 AND ONE HALF SPOKES 
 
 SIXTEEN 
 
DIAGRAM NO. l8. INDIAN CENTRE NO. 3. SIXTEEN 
 
 SPOKES 
 
 DIAGRAM NO. IQ. INDIAN CENTRE NO. 4. TWENTY- 
 FOUR SPOKES 
 
CHAPTER V 
 BASKETS WITH SIMPLE HANDLES 
 
 Rule. Baskets with handles must always be made 
 on an even number of spokes. 
 
 46. Model No. 4. Bowl-Shaped Basket, Wound 
 Handle. 
 
 dimensions 
 
 Base 4^ inches. 
 
 Height \% inches. 
 
 Opening 8}4 inches. 
 
 From coil at base to coil at border four and a half 
 inches (by tape measure). 
 
 MATERIALS 
 
 8 base spokes No. 5 reed, 6 inches long. 
 
 Weavers No. 2 reed. 
 
 32 side spokes No. 4^ reed, 16 inches long. 
 
 Weavers No. 3 reed. 
 
 Weave base as directed in lesson No. 1 (34-36), 
 sharpen the side spokes and insert in the base, sepa- 
 rating them with a three-rod arrow on the right side 
 of the base (39). 
 
 In turning this basket at the base the side spokes 
 are not crushed, as in the previous models, but are 
 turned gradually, making what is known in basketry 
 as a bowl-shaped turn, the same as the turn in basket 
 No. 3 of the second lesson (44). 
 
 29 
 
30 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 Turn the base face downward and make a four- 
 rod coil (locked) of No. 3, turning each spoke as you 
 pass over it slightly upward. This coil gives the 
 basket something to rest on and helps to direct the 
 spokes into the correct slope from the base. 
 
 Weaving the Basket. Proceed with one and one 
 half inches of "over-and-under weave," using No. 3 
 reed (use two weavers always on an even number of 
 spokes, (8 B); one and one half inches of "double 
 Japanese" (11), using No. 3 reed; one and one half 
 inches of "triple weave," using No. 3 reed; finish with 
 a four-rod locked coil, using No. 3 reed (15&, 18). 
 
 Border. Crush the spokes (41). First row back of 
 two spokes and out, second row in front of three and 
 in under first row, third row over two spokes and 
 down. 
 
 47. Handle. The handles given in this lesson 
 are very simple and used only on small baskets, but if 
 a beginner masters them and understands the princi- 
 ple, the more elaborate ones will be acquired with 
 greater ease. There are three essential points to be 
 considered in the handles: 
 
 (a) The size of the handle-bar must correspond 
 with the size of the basket. 
 
 (b) The height of the handle must correspond with 
 the height of the basket. 
 
 (c) The two ends of the handle-bar must be in- 
 serted at two spokes in the basket that are exactly 
 opposite each other; and these two spokes must be 
 one or other of the two side spokes inserted between 
 the two middle needles in the base or the two middle 
 threads. 
 
BASKETS WITH SIMPLE HANDLES 31 
 
 48. Materials. 
 
 Handle-bar No. 8 reed, 21 inches long. 
 
 Weavers No. 3 reed. 
 
 With a long stroke of the knife cut one side of the 
 end of the handle-bar into a point about two inches 
 long, making it perfectly smooth. Cut the other end 
 in the same manner, taking care to pare both ends 
 on the same side of the bar. 
 
 Insert these ends down beside the spokes selected 
 in the basket, previously opening the way with an 
 awl. Press the bar down two and a half inches be- 
 tween the weaving; the other end of the bar is in- 
 serted in the same way beside a spoke exactly oppo- 
 site the spoke at which the first one was placed. 
 This makes the foundation handle. 
 
 49. Select a pliable weaver of No. 3 reed and 
 with it measure the height of the handle-bar from 
 border to border, allowing two inches over. Take 
 three times this length for one weaver and cut a 
 second one. 
 
 (a) Insert these two weavers under the coil at the 
 top of the basket, and to the right of the spoke hold- 
 ing the handle-bar, and draw these two ends through 
 to the inside of the basket for at least two inches. 
 Carry them back of the handle-bar to the left and 
 under the coil to the outside of the basket, and in 
 front of the next spoke to the left to the inside of the 
 basket, and trim the ends off*. This fastens the ends 
 of the weavers and must always be done before at- 
 tempting to wind the handle. 
 
 {b-i) Take up the two long weavers on the out- 
 
32 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 side of the basket and carry them to the left up over 
 the border across the handle-bar and wind them 
 around the bar at regular intervals about two and a 
 half inches apart. On reaching the other side, in- 
 sert the two weavers under the coil on the outside of 
 the basket to the right of the handle-bar and draw 
 them through to the inside of the basket. 
 
 (b-2) Bring the two weavers up on the right side of 
 the bar and curve them around the bar, allowing 
 the weaver to the right to turn downward and lie 
 close to the first row of winding on the handle-bar 
 just completed; the weaver to the left must lie close 
 to the right one and above it. Carry these weavers 
 back over the bar to the other side as close to the 
 first winding as possible. On reaching the other side 
 where the winding started, instead of taking the 
 weavers to the right of the bar insert them under 
 the coil and to the left of the handle-bar and then 
 draw them through to the inside of the basket. This 
 gives two pairs of weavers, one on each side of the 
 bar. 
 
 (£-3) Carry the weavers, now on the inside of the 
 basket, back of the handle-bar and up on the right 
 side of the bar, and bring them to the outside of the 
 bar, curving the weavers down to meet the winding 
 already on the bar, so that the weaver to the right 
 falls next to the winding on the bar, and the left 
 one is close to it and above it. On reaching the 
 other side, carry the weavers under the coil and to 
 the left of the handle-bar, and draw them through 
 to the inside of the basket and fasten these ends as 
 in the beginning of the winding, by taking them to 
 the right, back of the bar, and to the outside of the 
 
BASKETS WITH SIMPLE HANDLES 33 
 
 basket under the coil, and in and out over one or two 
 spokes to the right. 
 
 50. Before the reed dries out, singe the ends 
 over a lamp or gas-stove, being careful not to hold 
 the basket too close. 
 
 51. Model No. 5, Japanese Handle. 
 
 dimensions 
 
 Base \% inches. 
 
 Height \% inches. 
 
 Opening 9^ inches. 
 
 MATERIALS 
 
 8 base spokes No. 5 reed, 6 inches long. 
 
 Weavers No. 2 reed. 
 
 32 side spokes No. 4^ reed, 15 inches long. 
 
 Weavers No. 3 reed. 
 
 Weave base as directed in lesson No. 1 (34-36), 
 separate side spokes with three-rod arrow (39). 
 Crush spokes and turn directly up with three rows 
 of four-rod coils (40), remembering that a coil fol- 
 lowed immediately by another one is not locked. 
 In the fourth row carry the weavers under instead 
 of over the weavers following, thus making an 
 arrow with the third coil (19). Lace the weaving at 
 the initial spoke to complete the arrow. 
 
 Cut out three of the weavers, and with one 
 weaver at the initial spoke, weave two inches of the 
 "single Japanese weave" (10); at this point the 
 diameter should measure seven and one half inches. 
 Measure the circumference and take four weavers 
 
34 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 of No. 3, twice this length, and make a four-rod 
 arrow (19-20^), weave one and one fourth inches 
 of "double over-and-under weave" (9), carrying 
 four weavers, two as one, as the spokes are of even 
 number. 
 
 Complete the basket with a four-rod coil (19-20) 
 of No. 4K reed. 
 
 52. Border No. 2. 
 
 Crush the spokes, first row in front of three spokes, 
 and in; second row over two spokes and down. 
 
 53. Japanese Handle. 
 
 See directions for handle under model No. 4 for 
 preparing the handle-bar (47). 
 
 Select a pliable weaver and measure twice the 
 height of the handle from border to border, allowing 
 fully eight inches over. Crush the middle point in 
 this weaver, and from the inside of the basket draw 
 one end to the outside under the coil to the right of 
 the bar, and the other end to the outside under the 
 coil to the left of the bar. Draw the two ends tight 
 so that the crushed part lies close to the bar. Cross 
 these weavers, carrying the right-hand one over the 
 border to the left of the bar, and likewise the left- 
 hand one to the right. Crossing these back of the 
 bar, bring them to the top and under again, and so 
 on at equal intervals to the other side of the basket. 
 Take them on the outside of the border and under 
 the coil to the inside, where they are crossed under- 
 neath the inside coil and fastened off by bringing 
 each end out across a spoke and inside the basket, 
 where the ends are trimmed. 
 
o 
 < 
 
BASKETS WITH SIMPLE HANDLES 35 
 
 54. Fig. VII, Models 6 and 7. 
 
 The two models in Fig. VII are given without 
 the measurements. The students are to reproduce 
 them proportionately, choosing their own measure- 
 ments. 
 
 55. Questions. 
 
 Eleven. What constitutes a four-spoke base ? 
 
 Twelve. Can a handle basket be made on an odd 
 number of spokes ? 
 
 Thirteen. Give the reason for your answer to 
 question twelve. 
 
CHAPTER VI 
 
 LILY-SHAPE FLOWER BASKETS WITH 
 HANDLES 
 
 56. Figure VIII, Model No. 8. 
 
 This lesson demonstrates how a model may be 
 varied by the use of different weaves. 
 
 57. New Propositions. 
 
 No. 1. Base with thirteen spokes. 
 
 No. 2. Colonial weave. 
 
 No. 3. Bellefonte weave. 
 
 No. 4. Two-ply weave. 
 
 58. Base with Thirteen Spokes. 
 Thread three spokes with three needles. 
 Make a button of three winds. 
 
 Pare an extra spoke three fourths the length of the 
 other ones to a point and insert it between two of 
 the threads, well down into the button, not allowing 
 it to pass beyond the opposite edge of the button. 
 Separate these thirteen spokes an equal distance 
 apart, using the "Japanese weave" (10). 
 
 59. Colonial Weave. 
 
 In front of two spokes and back of two spokes; one 
 weaver. 
 
 This weave can be used in baskets where the 
 number of spokes, when divided by four, leaves a 
 
 36 
 
LILY-SHAPE FLOWER BASKETS 
 
 37 
 
 remainder of 2 (i. <?., 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 38, etc.). 
 Change the weave by passing under one spoke; this 
 is done as follows : Weave over two and back of two 
 until there are two strokes over every two sets of 
 spokes. Then change the weave by bringing the 
 weaver under one spoke instead of two spokes, and 
 
 ' 23 -— INSERT EXTRA 
 5PQKE 
 
 i3<-EXTRA 5P0KE 
 
 4 12 
 s 11 
 
 6 10 «sss 
 
 87 
 
 THREADS 
 
 THREADS 
 
 DIAGRAM O. BASE WITH THIRTEEN SPOKES 
 
 proceed as before, over two spokes and back of two 
 spokes, changing each time when the point is reached 
 where three strokes would pass over any two spokes, 
 if such change were not made. 
 
 Explanation, 10 Spokes 
 
 Row 1. Start with weaver back of spoke No. 1, 
 pass weaver over Nos. 2 and 3, under Nos. 4 and 5, 
 over Nos. 6 and 7, under Nos. 8 and 9, and over Nos. 
 10 and 1. 
 
 Row 2. Pass weaver under Nos. 2 and 3, and over 
 Nos. 4 and 5, under Nos. 6 and 7, over Nos. 8 and 9, 
 under Nos. 10 and 1. 
 
38 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 Row 3. Pass weaver over Nos. 2 and 3, under 
 Nos. 4 and 5, over Nos. 6 and 7, under Nos. 8 and 9, 
 over Nos. 10 and 1. 
 
 Row 4. Pass weaver under Nos. 2 and 3, over 
 Nos. 4 and 5, under Nos. 6 and 7, over Nos. 8 and 9, 
 and under No. 10 only. 
 
 This changes the weave in row No. 5 to — over 
 Nos. 1 and 2, under Nos. 3 and 4, over Nos. 5 
 and 6, etc. Keep the basket damp, and press the 
 weaving down, giving it a kink. 
 
 60. Mending Colonial Weave. 
 
 Allow the short weaver to end back of a spoke 
 on the inside of the basket; holding it away from 
 the spoke, draw the new weaver from the inside of 
 the basket to the outside, splicing it with the old 
 weaver and carrying it back of the mending spoke 
 and the one to the right, following the line the old 
 weaver naturally would have taken. Trim the new 
 weavers on the outside of the basket with a slanting 
 stroke close to the left of the mending spoke. 
 
 61. Bellefonte Weave. 
 
 In front of one spoke and back of three; one weaver. 
 
 This weave can be used in baskets where the num- 
 ber of spokes when divided by four will leave a re- 
 mainder of two (i. e., 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 38, etc.). 
 
 Explanation : Every other spoke is left out of the 
 weaving. This weave should be used only for bands 
 not more than three inches in width. The spokes 
 that are left out must be picked up by a four-rod 
 arrow or coil (19-20J, 15-18). 
 
 Mend as in "over-and-under weave" (23). 
 
OO JB 
 
 Q 
 O 
 
 > > 
 
 W % 
 Pi n 
 
 u 
 
 
LILY-SHAPE FLOWER BASKETS 39 
 
 62. Two-Ply Weave. 
 
 In front of two spokes and back of two spokes; 
 four weavers. 
 
 This weave can be used in baskets with any num- 
 ber of spokes. 
 
 Explanation : Four weavers are inserted back of 
 four consecutive spokes, each in turn carried over 
 two spokes, and back of two spokes. 
 
 Mend as in "triple weave," hiding the ends (28). 
 
 63. There are two important things to be remem- 
 bered in weaving baskets with handles: 
 
 (a) All baskets requiring handles must be woven 
 on an even number of spokes, so that there are the 
 same number on either side of the basket between 
 the two spokes exactly opposite each other, where 
 the handle-bar is inserted. 
 
 (b) The handle-bar must be inserted in the basket 
 along the spoke that runs from the middle needle or 
 middle thread of the button in the base and not 
 from the corners of the button. 
 
 64. Model No. 8. 
 
 dimensions 
 
 Base 3K inches. 
 
 Height 6 inches. 
 
 Opening 9K inches. 
 
 MATERIALS 
 
 6 base spokes, No. 5 reed (or a 3-spoke base), 5 inches 
 
 long. 
 1 base spoke, No. 5 reed (and 1 extra spoke), 4 inches 
 
 long. 
 26 side spokes, No. 4^ reed, 20 inches long. 
 
40 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 Weavers, Nos. 2, 3, and 3% reed. 
 Handle-bar, No. 10 reed, 24 inches long. 
 
 Basket weavers endeavor as far as possible to have 
 in round models twice as many side spokes in a bas- 
 ket as there are base spokes, in order that each spoke 
 may be bi-spoked. 
 
 The model used in Fig. VIII is woven on twenty- 
 six side spokes, and a three-spoke base, with one ex- 
 tra spoke inserted in the button to give thirteen 
 base spokes. 
 
 Cup the base with the usual downward slope. 
 Trim the base spokes, one at a time close to the 
 weaving, and insert the twenty-six side spokes, bi- 
 spoking each base spoke, having previously sharp- 
 ened the side spokes as directed in lesson on Work- 
 Basket No. 1 (38). 
 
 Crush the side spokes close to the weaving and 
 omit separating them with an arrow as in the pre- 
 vious lessons. Turn the side spokes directly at 
 right angles to the base, using four rows of a four- 
 rod coil and making an arrow of the last coil (51). 
 Each basket in Fig. VIII is turned in this same man- 
 ner with No. 3 reed. 
 
 65. Basket No. i. 
 
 Weave in "single Japanese weave" (10) with No. 3 
 reed, until basket measures two inches from base. 
 
 Weave in "double Japanese weave" (11) with 
 No. 3 reed, until the basket measures three and 
 one half inches from base. 
 
 Weave in "two-ply weave" (62) with No. 3^ 
 reed, until basket measures six inches from base. 
 
LILY-SHAPE FLOWER BASKETS 41 
 
 66. Basket No. 2. 
 
 Weave in "over-and-under weave" (8b) with No. 
 3 reed, until the basket measures two and one half 
 inches from base. 
 
 Weave a "four-rod arrow" (19-20^) No. 3^ reed. 
 
 Weave in "two-ply weave" (62) No. 3% reed, 
 until the basket measures six inches from base. 
 
 6y. Basket No. 3. 
 
 Weave in "colonial weave" (59) No. 3 reed, until 
 basket measures three inches from base. 
 
 Weave a "four-rod coil" (15&-18) No. 1% reed. 
 
 Weave in "two-ply weave" (62) No. 3^ reed, 
 until the basket measures six inches from the base. 
 
 68. Basket No. 4. 
 
 Weave in "Bellefonte weave" (61) No. 3 reed, 
 until the basket measures two and three quarters 
 inches from the base. 
 
 Weave a "four-rod arrow" (19-20^) No. 3K reed. 
 
 Weave in "two-ply weave" (62) No. 3^ reed, 
 until the basket measures six inches from the base. 
 
 69. Each basket in model 8 measures five inches 
 in diameter at the beginning of the "two-ply 
 weave." From this point in the weaving the bas- 
 ket must be woven out gradually like a lily so that 
 when the height measures (with a tape measure) six 
 inches from the base to the top of the weaving, the 
 diameter of the opening is nine and one half inches. 
 
 70. Commercial Border No. i. 
 
 Wet the spokes and crush them close to the 
 weaving. 
 
42 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 Diagram No. i. 
 
 i. Lay Down Two Spokes. 
 
 (a) Select any spoke (No. i) and carry it back 
 of the next spoke to the right, and to the outside of 
 the basket, holding it with the left hand. 
 
 (J?) Lay the next spoke (No. 2) allowing it to pass 
 back of the spoke to its right, and to the outside of 
 the basket. Two spokes are now laid down. 
 
 Diagram No. 2. 
 
 2. (a) Carry the first laid-down spoke (No. 1) in 
 front of the first standing spoke (No. 3) to the right, 
 and 
 
 (b) across the second laid-down spoke (No. 2), and 
 
 (c) back of the second standing spoke (No. 4) to 
 the outside of the basket, 
 
 (d) holding these two laid-down spokes (Nos. I 
 and 2) with the left hand. 
 
 With the right hand bring the first spoke now 
 standing (No. 3) back of the next standing spoke 
 (No. 4), and to the outside of the basket, allowing 
 it to lie parallel, and close to the laid-down spoke 
 (No. 1) previously carried back of this spoke (No. 4); 
 in other words, the third spoke has been laid down. 
 
 At this point of the border there is a single laid- 
 down spoke (No. 2) passing to the outside and in 
 front of the now first standing spoke (No. 4), and a 
 double set of laid-down spokes (Nos. 1 and 3) passing 
 to the outside in front of the now second standing 
 spoke (No. 5). 
 
 The two standing spokes to the right will be 
 termed first and second spokes throughout the 
 border. 
 
DIAGRAM NO. I 
 
 DIAGRAM NO. 2 
 
DIAGRAM NO. 3 
 
 DIAGRAM NO. 4 
 
LILY-SHAPE FLOWER BASKETS 43 
 
 Diagram No. 3. 
 
 3. (a) Carry the single laid-down spoke (No. 2) 
 in front of the first standing spoke (No. 4), and 
 
 (b) across the double set of laid-down spokes (Nos. 
 1 and 3), and 
 
 (c) back of the second standing spoke (No. 5), 
 and to the outside of the basket. 
 
 (d) Lay down the first standing spoke (No. 4), 
 i. e. y bring No. 4 back of 5 to the outside, parallel 
 with No. 2. 
 
 There are now two double sets of laid-down 
 spokes on the outside of the basket, each set made 
 up of a long and a short spoke, with the longer to the 
 right of the shorter one. 
 
 Diagram No. 4. 
 
 4. (a) Carry the longer laid-down spoke of the 
 first set (No. 3), in front of the first standing spoke 
 (No. 5), and * 
 
 (b) across the second double set of laid-down 
 spokes (Nos. 2 and 4), and, 
 
 (c) back of the second standing spoke (No. 6) to 
 the outside, and 
 
 (d) lay the first standing spoke (No. 5) parallel 
 with it. 
 
 (<?) Bring the longer laid-down spoke of the second 
 set (No. 4), in front of the first standing spoke 
 (No. 6) 
 
 (/) back of the second standing spoke (No. 7) and 
 out, and 
 
 (g) lay the first standing spoke (No. 6) parallel 
 with it. 
 
44 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 There are now two single laid-down spokes and 
 two double sets of laid-down spokes passing to the 
 outside of the basket. 
 
 General Rule. Continue around the basket, each 
 time carrying the longer left-hand laid-down spoke 
 
 (i) in front of the first standing spoke to the 
 right, 
 
 (2) across a double set of laid-down spokes, 
 
 (3) back of the next standing spoke to the right 
 and out. 
 
 (4) Lay the first standing spoke parallel with it. 
 Pay no attention to the shorter laid-down spokes 
 
 on this first row of the border. 
 
 Diagram No. 5. 
 
 5. Completion of the First Row of Border. 
 When the beginning of the border is reached and 
 
 only one standing spoke remains: 
 
 {a) Carry the longer laid-down spoke (No. 24) in 
 front of this last standing spoke (No. 26), 
 
 (b) across the last set of double spokes (Nos. 23 
 and 25) and, 
 
 (c) back and out, under the first spoke (No. 1), 
 which was the first laid-down spoke of the border. 
 
 Diagram No. 6. 
 
 6. Carry the last standing spoke (No. 26) back 
 and from the inside out under the first laid-down 
 spoke (No. 1) and parallel with the spoke (No. 24) 
 just drawn under spoke (No. 1) and to the outside 
 of the basket. The last standing spoke has now 
 been laid down. 
 
25 
 
 DIAGRAM NO. 6 
 
DIAGRAM NO. 7 
 
 23 24 
 
 DIAGRAM NO. 8 
 
LILY-SHAPE FLOWER BASKETS 45 
 
 There are now two double sets of spokes on the 
 outside of the basket, Nos. 23 and 25 and 24 and 26. 
 
 Diagram No. 7. 
 
 7. The two longer spokes in each set must be 
 carried in turn in front of the spokes to the right 
 (which is now a laid-down spoke instead of a stand- 
 ing spoke) and back of the next laid-down spoke to 
 the outside of the basket. 
 
 Caution. These spokes must be parallel with the 
 already laid-down spokes and not cross them. 
 
 (a) Carry the longer left-hand laid-down spoke 
 (No. 25) in front of the first laid-down spoke of the 
 border (No. 1) and 
 
 (b) across the last double set of laid-down spokes 
 (Nos. 24 and 26). 
 
 (c) With the winding awl push spoke (No. 1) away 
 from spoke (No. 2), and carry spoke (No. 25) in and 
 back of spoke (No. 2), and to the outside, so that it 
 lies parallel with and in front of spoke (No. 1) but 
 does not cross it. 
 
 Diagram No. 8. 
 
 8. (a) Carry the remaining longer laid-down 
 spoke (No. 26) in front of spoke (No. 2), 
 
 (b) across the two spokes (Nos. 25 and 1) which 
 pass back of spoke (No. 2), and 
 
 (c) with the winding awl push spoke (No. 2) 
 away from (No. 3) and carry spoke (No. 26) in and 
 back of spoke (No. 3), and to the outside, so that, 
 it lies parallel with and in front of spoke (No. 2) but 
 does not cross it. 
 
46 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 This completes the first row of the border, but to 
 make it more effective and stronger we carry these 
 short spokes to the inside of the basket. 
 
 Diagram No. 9. 
 
 9. Bring each spoke in turn in front of one spoke 
 to the right and back of a second spoke to the inside 
 of the basket, making it lie parallel and in front of 
 the two spokes already passing back of this second 
 spoke. 
 
 To accomplish this, with the awl make an opening 
 for the spoke to pass through between the spokes 
 that fell back of the second spoke and one spoke 
 that fell in front of it. 
 
 Trim the spokes carried inside the basket with a 
 slanting cut, which completes the border. 
 
 71. Handle. 
 
 To place the handle correctly in a basket woven 
 from a base composed of thirteen spokes, turn the 
 basket upside down and select the side spoke to the 
 left of the extra spoke inserted in the button. 
 
 Trace it to the border of the basket and insert one 
 end of the handle-bar (previously sharpened to a 
 point and flattened on one side) along the left-hand 
 side of this spoke, two and a half inches down in the 
 weaving. To locate the spoke directly opposite this 
 one, select the side spoke at the right of the middle 
 thread that comes from the side of the button con- 
 taining the three threads and trace this to the bor- 
 der. 
 
 Insert the other end of the handle-bar along its 
 left side. There will be twelve spokes on each side 
 
DIAGRAM NO. 9 
 
 HANDLE BAR INSERTED HERE 
 
 A 
 
 EXTRA BASE SPOKE 
 
 INNER CIRCLE= BASE 
 
 ^-OUTER CIRCLE = BASKET 
 
 HANDLE BAR INSERTED HERE 
 
 DIAGRAM NO. IO. HANDLE-BAR 
 
LILY-SHAPE FLOWER BASKETS 47 
 
 of the basket between the two spokes holding the 
 handle-bar. 
 
 See Model No. 4 (49), for winding the handle. 
 
 Diagram No. 10, Handle-Bar. 
 72. Questions. 
 
 Fourteen. How many spokes, of the total num- 
 ber of spokes used, come into play in the "Belle- 
 fonte weave" ? What is the weave ? 
 
 Fifteen. Why is it better to insert the extra spoke 
 in a base containing thirteen spokes among the 
 threads rather than the needles ? 
 
 Sixteen. In "commercial border'* (No. 1) give 
 the four distinct strokes that each spoke undergoes 
 in making the border. 
 
 Seventeen. If one end of a handle-bar in a basket 
 made on a thirteen-spoke base is inserted along the 
 side spoke which leads from the right of the left-hand 
 middle thread (on the side of the button containing 
 the four threads), state what spoke leading from 
 base spoke the other end of the handle-bar should 
 be inserted along. 
 
CHAPTER VII 
 FLOWER BASKETS 
 
 73. Baskets in Fig. IX demonstrate the variations 
 possible in one model by the use of a graduated scale 
 of measurements. 
 
 Each basket is turned with three rows of a four- 
 rod coil (15&, 18), using No. 3 reed and making an 
 arrow with the fourth row. 
 
 75. Split Handle. 
 
 A split handle consists of two handle-bars of equal 
 length which lie close together across the top but 
 separate as they pass into the basket on either 
 side. 
 
 Insert the sharpened ends of the two bars along 
 the side spokes leading from the middle needles or 
 threads of the base. Allow two side spokes between 
 the two spokes carrying the handle-bars. Insert the 
 other ends of the two bars alongside spokes directly 
 opposite these, being careful to have the two bars 
 perfectly parallel and each bar measuring the same 
 from the border on one side of the basket up and 
 over to the border on the opposite side. 
 
 Wet a piece of twine or raffia and tie the two 
 handles firmly in two places where the bars come 
 together. 
 
 48 
 
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 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 TIE MERE 
 
 76. Winding a Split Handle. 
 {A) Measure off four weavers of No. 3 reed, each 
 one fully three times the length of the handle-bar 
 used. Insert two of them from the outside, under 
 the border on the right-hand 
 side of the spoke carrying the 
 right handle-bar. Draw these 
 to the inside of the basket 
 merely long enough to carry 
 them back of the handle-bar, 
 then to the outside of the bas- 
 ket under the border, over one 
 spoke to the left and then in. 
 Trim with a good slanting cut. 
 The ends are thus held firmly 
 and will not pull out. 
 
 (B) The winding of a split 
 handle will become very clear if 
 strict attention is paid to the 
 following rule: start the wind 
 of both bars on the right-hand 
 side of the bar. There are three 
 distinct steps. 
 
 (C-i) Going over the first time pass in on the 
 opposite side under the border on the right side of 
 the handle-bar. 
 
 (C-2) Coming back pass in on the left side. 
 
 (C-3) Going over the second time, pass into the 
 left and end. 
 
 The two weavers are used as one, always keeping 
 them parallel and close to each other. 
 
 DIAGRAM NO. II. 
 
 INSERTING split 
 
 HANDLE-BARS 
 
FLOWER BASKETS 51 
 
 yy. Winding of the First Handle-Bar in a 
 Split Handle. 
 
 That is, the Bar to the Right 
 
 Explanation of No. 1 
 
 Carry the long ends up over the border to the left 
 and curve them around the handle-bar, making two 
 winds on the single part of the handle-bar at either 
 end, and three winds where the bars lie together. 
 
 On reaching the other side of the basket, carry the 
 weavers down the single part of the same bar upon 
 which you started the winding, noticing that the 
 handle-bar to the right on the side where you began 
 the winding becomes the left handle-bar on the op- 
 posite side of the basket. Crossing on top of the 
 border, pass in under it, to the right-hand side of 
 the bar. Draw the weavers directly through to the 
 inside of the basket and up on the right-hand side 
 of the handle-bar. 
 
 Explanation of No. 2 
 
 Carry them in front of the handle-bar, curving the 
 right-hand weaver close down to the first winding. 
 Take the weavers back across the handle-bar, making 
 them follow the curves of the first winding, and be 
 parallel with it. 
 
 On reaching the other side, i. e., the starting- 
 point, draw the weavers under the border to the 
 inside of the basket, this time on the left-hand side 
 of the handle-bar. 
 
 Explanation of No. 3 
 
 Carry them back of the handle-bar and up on the 
 right-hand side of it. Curve them across the front 
 
52 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 of the handle-bar, being careful, as before, to make 
 the weaver to the right fall close to the previous 
 windings on the bar. This gives the weavers the 
 proper twist, and makes them lie much closer to the 
 other windings than if you allow the left-hand 
 weaver at this point to fall in next to the previous set 
 of windings. Carry the weavers across the handle- 
 bar to the other side, passing in, under the border, on 
 the left side of the handle-bar, and fasten the ends 
 as in the beginning, by drawing them back under the 
 spoke holding the bar, to the outside, over a spoke 
 to the right, and in, and trim with a slanting cut. 
 This completes the winding of the first handle-bar. 
 
 78. Winding of the Second Handle-Bar in a 
 Split Handle. 
 
 That is, the Bar to the Left 
 
 The second handle-bar is wound in a similar man- 
 ner to the first. Fasten the short ends, and with the 
 long ends make two winds on either end of the single 
 part of the bar. 
 
 On reaching the three winds on the double bar, 
 instead of allowing the weavers to lie close to the 
 first set of windings, allow sufficient space the first 
 time the weavers are carried over for two weavers 
 to lie between the original windings and the ones 
 being carried across. Coming back, the weavers fill 
 up this space, and going over the last time they fall 
 to the right of the first winding of the second bar. 
 The rule for the second bar is the same as the first 
 one (76c). 
 
 In going over the first time, pass in under the bor- 
 
,2"? OVER 
 IL5ET 
 
 I SET END II SET END 
 
 SIDE OF BASKET WHERE WINDING ENDS 
 
 f * 
 
 n SET START I SET START 
 
 SIDE OF BASKET WHERE WINDING STARTS 
 
 DIAGRAM NO. 12. WINDING A SPLIT HANDLE 
 
FLOWER BASKETS 53 
 
 der on the right side. Coming back, the weavers fall 
 naturally into the space left for them across the top 
 of the handle-bar and pass in under the border on 
 the left side. Going over the third time, they pass 
 into the left and end, and the winding is completed. 
 
 79. Set No i. 
 
 On handle-bar to right first time over red line. 
 First time back green line, second time over yellow 
 line and ends. 
 
 Set No. 2. 
 
 On handle-bar to left first time over blue line. 
 First time back white line, second time over brown 
 line and ends. 
 
 Diagram No. 12. 
 
 80. Commercial Border No. 2. 
 
 The principle of this border is the same as No. 1 
 Commercial Border with the following changes in the 
 detail: 
 
 (1) Lay down three spokes (70—1). 
 
 (2) Carry each weaver in turn 
 
 (a) in front of two spokes — the first one is a laid- 
 down spoke, the second one is the first standing 
 spoke — 
 
 (b) across two sets of laid-down spokes 
 
 (c) back of the second standing spoke and to the 
 outside of the basket, and 
 
 (d) lay the first standing spoke parallel with it. 
 
 (3) In completing the border, there are three laid- 
 down spokes to be carried in front of two spokes, 
 
54 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 back of the third spoke, and to the outside of the 
 basket. 
 
 (4) In carrying the short ends to the inside of the 
 basket, allow them to pass in front of two spokes 
 and in back of the third spoke. 
 
 The short ends pass in between the two spokes 
 that fell back of the third spoke and the two that 
 fell in front of it. 
 
 81. Questions. 
 
 Eighteen. On a basket woven on a base of thir- 
 teen spokes and twenty-six side spokes, if the right 
 handle-bar of a split handle has been inserted along- 
 side of the side spoke leading from the right side of 
 the extra spoke in the base, and the left handle-bar 
 has been inserted alongside the side spoke to the left 
 of the middle thread on the same side of the button, 
 state precisely alongside which threads and on which 
 side of these threads the other ends of the handle-bars 
 should be inserted. 
 
 Nineteen. When and why is a space allowed in 
 the winds passing over the double part of the bar 
 in winding a split handle ? 
 
CHAPTER VIII 
 
 CANDY BASKETS WITH AND WITHOUT 
 LIDS 
 
 82. Model 13. 
 
 dimensions 
 
 Base lYz inches. 
 
 Height, from arrow at base, to top of 
 
 weaving 3 yi inches. 
 
 Opening 5>£ inches. 
 
 MATERIALS 
 
 8 spokes, No. 4 reed, 30 inches long. 
 Weavers, Nos. 2 and 3 reed. 
 
 It is not necessary to make a separate base in small 
 baskets. Pierce the middle of four of the thirty-inch 
 spokes and thread them with the remaining four. 
 
 With a No. 2 weaver make the usual button (35) 
 of three winds and separate the spokes by "Jap- 
 anese weave" (36), curving downward to obtain the 
 necessary slope for the base. When the base mea- 
 sures three and one half inches in diameter, turn it 
 over, holding the under-side of the weaving toward 
 you and turn the spokes slightly upward by a four- 
 rod arrow (19-20^). Weave one and one half 
 inches of over-and-under weave (8b), carrying two 
 weavers and giving the spokes a bowl-shaped curve. 
 
 The diameter at this point should be six and one 
 
 ss 
 
56 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 half inches. Weave two inches of triple weave (13), 
 turning the spokes gradually in, so that at the given 
 height from the arrow (3^ inches) the diameter of 
 the opening will be five and one half inches. 
 
 BORDER 
 
 Back of one spoke and out. 
 
 Over two spokes and in. 
 
 Over two spokes and down and trim. 
 
 83. Model No. 14. 
 
 dimensions 
 
 Base 1 r A inches. 
 
 Height .4 inches. 
 
 Opening 6 inches. 
 
 MATERIALS 
 
 9 spokes, No. 4 reed, 30 inches. 
 Weavers, Nos. 2 and 3 reed. 
 
 Thread five needles with four threads and notice 
 that the total number of spokes is eighteen. Jap- 
 anese weave cannot be used except in the following 
 way: After making the button of three winds, sepa- 
 rate the spokes by one row of Japanese weave. On 
 reaching the initial base spoke you will find that the 
 weaver naturally passes over and under the same 
 set of spokes in the second row as in the first; to 
 avoid this, carry the weavers at the initial spoke un- 
 der two spokes instead of one, and proceed with the 
 Japanese weave. Each time when the weaver, if con- 
 tinued, would pass over the same set of spokes as in 
 the preceding row, always change the weave by pass- 
 ing under two spokes. This forms a spiral coil on 
 
CANDY BASKETS 57 
 
 the under-side of the base, which is not a mistake in 
 the weave, but is caused by passing under two 
 spokes instead of one once on every circuit. 
 
 When the base is three and one half inches, crush 
 the spokes and turn the basket at right angles to the 
 base with three rows of a four-rod coil (15&-18). 
 
 Proceed with colonial weave (59) until the basket 
 measures two and one half inches from the base, then 
 with the triple weave until the height is four inches. 
 
 BORDER 
 
 Back of one spoke and out. 
 
 Over two spokes and in. 
 
 Over two spokes and down and trim. 
 
 84. Model No. 15. 
 
 Model No. 15 is given in two sizes, and the basket 
 proper in each size is woven similar to the candy 
 basket, Model No. 13 (82), with the following 
 measurements: 
 
 Model No. 15, No. 1. 
 
 DIMENSIONS 
 
 Base 3^ inches. 
 
 Height 3X inches. 
 
 Opening at top of weaving 6% inches. 
 
 Opening after border is completed $% inches. 
 
 MATERIALS 
 
 10 spokes, No. 4 reed, 32 inches. 
 Weavers, Nos. 2 and 3 reed. 
 5 threads through 5 needles. 
 
 85. Basket Proper. 
 
 Turn with a four-rod arrow (ig-2od). 
 
58 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 One and one half inches of over-and-under weave 
 
 (83). 
 
 Two inches of triple weave (13). 
 Diameter seven and one half inches at a point 
 one and one half inches from base. 
 
 86. Basket Border. 
 
 Wet the spokes but do not pinch them. 
 
 In front of two spokes and in. 
 
 Over three spokes and down and trim. 
 
 The opening inside the first row of the border 
 measures five and three quarters inches and gives us 
 the diameter for the finished lid, which will rest on 
 the second row of the border. The lid must not fit 
 too closely and should measure five and one half 
 inches in diameter. 
 
 87. Lid. 
 
 10 spokes, No. 4 reed, 30 inches. 
 5 threads through 5 needles. 
 
 Make a button (35) of three winds and separate 
 the spokes by Japanese weave (36), curving slightly 
 downward until the lid measures underneath four 
 and three quarters inches in diameter. This allows 
 three eighths of an inch for border on each side, or a 
 total of three quarters of an inch for the border, 
 giving the desired five and one half inches for the 
 finished diameter. 
 
 88. Lid Border. 
 Crush the spokes. 
 
 Each spoke in turn is carried under one spoke 
 and up, and over one spoke and down, lacing the 
 
CANDY BASKETS 59 
 
 last two spokes under and over the first two spokes 
 of the border. 
 
 89. Lift on Lid. 
 
 Select a pliable weaver of No. 3 reed and cut two 
 weavers, each measuring twelve inches long. 
 
 (a) Bring the two ends of one of these weavers 
 from the under-side of the lid up between the two 
 outside needles, on one side of the button. 
 
 (b) Bring the two ends of the other weaver up on 
 the opposite side of the button, on the outside of the 
 needles. 
 
 Diagram No. 13. 
 
 (c) Holding the ends of the second weaver (b), 
 one in each hand, cross the right-hand end over the 
 left, until you have three twists. Carry the end 
 down to the under-side of the lid on the opposite 
 sides of the button, on the outside of the needles. 
 
 Diagram No. 14. 
 
 (d) Turn the lid around and carry the other set 
 of ends (a) to the opposite side of the button in the 
 following manner. These ends are carried over sep- 
 arately and each one must have four distinct curves. 
 
 1. The Weaver to the Left. 
 
 (a) Curve to the right, under one weaver. 
 
 (b) Curve to the left, above two weavers. 
 
 (c) Curve to the right, under two weavers. 
 
 (d) Curve to the left, above one weaver, and to the 
 inside of the lid between the two outside needles on 
 the left. 
 
60 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 2. The Weaver to the Right. 
 
 (a) Curve to the left, above two weavers. 
 
 (b) Curve to the right, under three weavers. 
 
 (c) Curve to the left, above three weavers. 
 
 (d) Curve to the right, under two weavers, and to 
 the inside of the lid between the two outside needles 
 on the right. 
 
 Diagram No. 15. 
 
 (<?) Fasten the four ends underneath by carrying 
 each pair across under the button and draw them 
 under the original loop of the opposite weaver, and 
 trim. 
 
 90. Model No. 15, No. 2. 
 
 dimensions 
 
 Base 3^ inches. 
 
 Height .4K inches. 
 
 Opening at top of weaving 7^ inches. 
 
 Opening after completion of border 6^4 inches. 
 
 materials 
 
 13 spokes, No. 4 reed, 34 inches. 
 Weavers, Nos. 2 and 3 reed. ' 
 6 threads through 7 needles. 
 
 border 
 Same as basket border of No. 1, Model 15 (86). 
 
 LID 
 
 10 spokes, No. 4 reed, 30 inches. 
 5 threads through 5 needles. 
 
1 
 
 END 
 
 DIAGRAM NO. 1 3 
 
 START 
 DIAGRAM NO. 14 
 
 START 21 D 5ET 
 
 l s - T 5ET**MV b I- I, LENDIST5L] 
 
 START I S - T SET- 
 
 START ISJ5ET 
 
 END 2 H -P SET 
 
 DIAGRAM NO. 1 5 
 
CANDY BASKETS 61 
 
 DIMENSIONS 
 
 Diameter of lid, without border 5^ inches. 
 Diameter of lid, with border 6% inches. 
 
 BORDER 
 
 Same as lid of border No. 2, Model 15 (88). 
 
 91. Questions. 
 
 Twenty. If the finished diameter of a basket 
 measures six and five eighths inches, what should the 
 diameter of the lid measure before putting in the 
 border, used in the lids of Model 15? 
 
 Twenty-one. What weaves can be used on Model 
 
 13, the total number of side spokes being sixteen ? 
 What weaves cannot be used ? 
 
 Twenty-two. What weaves can be used on Model 
 
 14, the total number of side spokes being eighteen ? 
 What weaves cannot be used ? 
 
CHAPTER IX 
 INDIAN CENTRES 
 
 Violet Bowl and Table Jardiniere 
 
 92. New Propositions. 
 
 (a) Indian centres. 
 
 (b) Overspoked basket with standard. 
 
 (c) Pairing arrow. 
 
 93. Indian Centres. 
 
 Examples of four Indian centres are given and 
 may be used in small, bowl-shaped baskets and lids, 
 where an artistic centre is desired, but never in 
 baskets that demand strong side spokes. 
 
 94. Indian Centre No. i. Sixteen Spokes. 
 See Diagram No. 16. 
 
 Divide into four groups, each containing four 
 spokes. Mark the middle of each spoke. 
 
 (a) The first group is held horizontally, directly 
 in the middle, with the left hand. 
 
 (b) The second group is placed vertically, back of 
 the first group, so that the two groups bisect each 
 other. 
 
 (c) The third crosses diagonally back of the first 
 and second groups, with its upper end at the right of 
 the vertical group and its middle under the point 
 where the first and second groups cross. 
 
 62 
 
INDIAN CENTRES 63 
 
 (d) The fourth group crosses diagonally back of 
 the three groups, with its upper end at the left of the 
 vertical group and its middle under the point where 
 the others cross. 
 
 95. Weaving. 
 
 Select a No. 2 weaver and with the right hand 
 begin the weaving at the back of the lower left diag- 
 onal group. 
 
 Carry it over the left horizontal group. 
 
 Under the upper left diagonal. 
 
 Over the upper vertical group. 
 
 Under the right upper diagonal. 
 
 Over the right horizontal group. 
 
 Under the right lower diagonal group. 
 
 Over the lower vertical group. 
 
 Under the left lower diagonal group, and continue 
 passing over and under the same groups until three 
 strokes have been woven. 
 
 As the weaver passes on its third circuit under the 
 left lower diagonal group, change the weave by 
 carrying it under the left horizontal group also (i. e., 
 under two groups) and continue as before, this time 
 passing over each group of spokes that the weaver 
 passed under in the first three rows. Continue until 
 three strokes in this circuit have been woven. 
 
 96. Separate the spokes into pairs by the over- 
 and-under weave (8), bring the weaver under two 
 spokes (not two groups) of the left horizontal group, 
 over the next two spokes, and so on, changing the 
 weave on each circuit by passing under four spokes. 
 If preferred, two weavers (8b) may be used, as the 
 
64 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 number of spokes is even. The total number of 
 spokes is thirty-two, or sixteen pairs. 
 
 97. Indian Centre No. 2. Sixteen and One 
 Half Spokes. See Diagram No. 17. 
 
 Sixteen spokes of required length. 
 
 Two spokes one inch longer than half the required 
 length. 
 
 This centre is used in order to avoid using two 
 weavers when one more set of spokes is desired, and 
 when over-and-under weave (8) is to be used in 
 weaving the sides of the basket. 
 
 98. Centre No. 2 is begun very much the same as 
 centre No. 1, excepting that the two short spokes are 
 placed between the two sets of spokes in the upper 
 half of the vertical group, making six spokes in this 
 group; allowing the short ends of these extra spokes 
 to pass about an inch below the horizontal group. 
 The weaving is the same as in centre No. I, regarding 
 the six spokes in the upper vertical as one group. 
 
 99. When the spokes are separated into pairs, the 
 short ends are not considered as a pair, but in the 
 first row one short end is woven over with one pair 
 and the other short end with the next pair, and gradu- 
 ally these short ends fall out of the weaving entirely. 
 
 The total number of spokes is thirty-four, or seven- 
 teen pairs. 
 
 100. Indian Centre No. 3. Sixteen Spokes. 
 See Diagram No. 18. 
 
 Divide into four groups containing four spokes. 
 The first group is held horizontally. 
 
INDIAN CENTRES 65 
 
 The second group is placed vertically back of the 
 first group. 
 
 The third group is placed horizontally back of the 
 second group. 
 
 The fourth group is placed vertically back of the 
 third group and over the first group. 
 
 101. Begin the weaving back of the upper left 
 horizontal group alternating over and under the 
 groups for one circuit (two if preferred). Even up 
 the spokes at this point, if they have not been held 
 directly at the centre, and separate them into pairs 
 by over-and-under weaving (8), bringing the weaver 
 up between the two pairs of spokes in the upper left 
 horizontal group. Change the weave on each cir- 
 cuit by passing under two pairs or four spokes or by 
 using two weavers. 
 
 Total number of spokes is thirty-two, or sixteen 
 pairs. 
 
 102. Indian Centre No. 4. Twenty-Four 
 Spokes. See Diagram No. 19. 
 
 This centre is an elaboration of centre No. 3. 
 
 Divide into six groups, each containing four 
 spokes. 
 
 The first group is held horizontally. 
 
 The second group is placed vertically back of 
 group No. 1. 
 
 The third group is placed horizontally back of 
 No. 2. 
 
 The fourth group is placed vertically back of 
 group No. 3 and over group No. 1. 
 
66 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 The fifth group is placed horizontally back of group 
 No. 2 and over group No. 4. 
 
 The sixth group is placed vertically back of group 
 No. 1 and over groups Nos. 3 and 5. 
 
 103. Begin the weaving back of the upper left 
 horizontal group, alternating over and under the 
 groups of spokes until two circuits are made. 
 
 Bring the weavers up between the pairs of spokes 
 in the left horizontal group, and even up the spokes 
 before separating them into pairs by passing over 
 and under two pairs of spokes. 
 
 Change the weave in each row by passing under 
 three pairs. Notice that this weave causes a rope 
 effect. 
 
 Total number of spokes is forty-eight or twenty- 
 four pairs. 
 
 104. Overspoked Basket with Standard. 
 Models 16 and 17 are examples of baskets with 
 
 spokes carried from the border over the weaving to 
 the base and there woven into a standard. It is 
 more effective in these models to use a small-sized 
 reed for the spokes (as Nos. 2 and 3) and to carry 
 the spokes in pairs, rather than to use a larger single 
 spoke. 
 
 105. Pairing Arrow. Two Weavers. 
 There are two methods of pairing. 
 
 (a) Each weaver to the left is carried in turn in 
 front of one spoke and on top of the weaver to the 
 right, then back of the second spoke and out. 
 
 (b) Each weaver to the left is carried in turn in 
 
INDIAN CENTRES 
 
 6? 
 
 front of one spoke and under the weaver to the 
 right, then back of the second spoke and out. 
 
 106. A pairing arrow requires two rows of pairing 
 and is similar to a three-rod arrow except that two 
 weavers are used instead of three, and consequently 
 
 INITIAL SPOKE 
 
 INITIAL SPOKE 
 DIAGRAM NO. 20 
 
 the weavers in turn pass in front of one spoke in- 
 stead of two. 
 
 (a) Row one of a pairing arrow. 
 
 Use the first method of pairing (1050) and re- 
 verse the weaving at the initial spoke. 
 
 (b) Row two of pairing arrow. 
 
 Use the second method of pairing (105&) and 
 complete the arrow by allowing the first weaver to 
 end back of the initial spoke, and the second weaver 
 to lace under the first stroke in the second row, and 
 end back of the spoke to the right of the initial 
 spoke. 
 
68 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 107. Model No. 16. Violet Bowl. Indian 
 Centre No. 2. Sixteen and one half Spokes 
 (97). 
 
 DIMENSIONS 
 
 Base 3 inches. 
 
 Height from top of weaving. . . .3^ inches. 
 
 Greatest diameter 6}4 inches. 
 
 Opening, without border \% inches. 
 
 Opening, with border 2^4 inches. 
 
 MATERIALS 
 
 16 spokes, No. 2 reed, 32 inches. 
 2 spokes, No. 2 reed, 17 inches. 
 Weavers, No. 2 reed. 
 Glass finger-bowl. 
 
 Diameter of opening in bowl 4^ inches. 
 
 Height of bowl 2^ inches. 
 
 Indian centre No. 2 is used in this model and a 
 base woven three inches in diameter. 
 
 Two spokes are used as one throughout this 
 model. 
 
 Curve the spokes slightly upward, using a pairing 
 arrow (106). 
 
 Weave in over-and-under weave (8a) with a grad- 
 ual bowl-shaped curve of the spokes until the diam- 
 eter of the basket at half its height is fully two 
 inches greater than the diameter of the finger-bowl. 
 In the dimensions given the diameter is two and 
 one fourth inches greater. 
 
 From this point curve the spokes in toward the 
 
i— i 
 
 a 
 
 z, 
 < 
 
INDIAN CENTRES 69 
 
 top of the bowl and continue until the weaving 
 meets the rim of the finger-bowl. 
 
 108. Border. 
 
 Each pair of spokes is carried in turn over two 
 pairs of spokes and under one pair of spokes to the 
 outside of the basket. 
 
 Turn the basket upside down and draw each pair 
 of spokes in turn through the pairing arrow at 
 the base, allowing them to take a natural curve 
 over the basket proper, from the border to the 
 base. 
 
 A good rule is to carry each pair as it leaves the 
 border over one pair of spokes in the basket proper 
 and insert through the arrow to the left of these 
 spokes. 
 
 109. Standard. 
 
 Holding the basket upside down making a pairing 
 arrow (106). Carry each pair of spokes in turn in 
 front of two pairs of spokes and back of one pair of 
 spokes and trim, allowing a good end to prevent the 
 border from pulling out. 
 
 no. Model No. 17. Table Jardinieres. 
 
 dimensions 
 
 Base ^yi inches. 
 
 Height $% inches. 
 
 Opening, without border 9 inches. 
 
 Opening, with border. 6 inches. 
 
 Greatest diameter 10 inches. 
 
70 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 MATERIALS 
 
 8 base spokes, No. 5 reed, 7 inches long. 
 48 side spokes, No. 3 reed, 25 inches long. 
 Weavers, Nos. 2 and 3 reed. 
 
 BASE 
 
 Four threads through four needles. 
 
 Weave to five and one half inches in diameter, 
 curving the base up instead of down, and forming it 
 into the curve of a saucer having a very gradual 
 slope. Insert side spokes at each spoke, two on one 
 side of the spoke and one on the other. 
 
 Three spokes are used as one throughout this 
 model. 
 
 Weave in triple weave (13) with a slight upward 
 curve until the diameter is ten inches at half the 
 total height of the basket. Then curve until the 
 diameter is nine inches. 
 
 in. Border. 
 
 Carry each set of spokes in turn over two sets of 
 spokes and under one set of spokes to the outside 
 of the basket. Turn the basket upside down, and 
 carry each set of spokes in its natural curve over the 
 basket proper and draw them through two rows of 
 weaving in the basket (about the third and fourth 
 rows from the base) to hold them in place. 
 
 112. Standard. 
 
 Crush the spokes close to where they leave the 
 weaving and carry each set in turn. 
 
 (1) In front of two sets of spokes and back of one 
 set and out. 
 
INDIAN CENTRES 71 
 
 (2) In front of two sets of spokes and in, and trim, 
 not too close. 
 
 113. Questions. 
 
 Twenty-three. If you wish to use twenty-four 
 spokes in an Indian centre No. 1, how can the 
 spokes be grouped ? 
 
 Twenty-four. Can a sixteen-and-one-half-spoke 
 centre be grouped in an Indian centre No. 3 ? 
 
 If two weavers are used in separating the spokes 
 in an Indian centre No. 1, behind which group is 
 the second weaver inserted ? 
 
CHAPTER X 
 
 SCRAP BASKETS 
 
 114. Caution. 
 
 It is advisable for students to perfect themselves 
 in the models and weaves already given in the pre- 
 ceding seven lessons before taking up scrap baskets 
 or models requiring the heavier reeds. 
 
 115. There are three fundamental points in bas- 
 ket weaving relating to the position and direction of 
 the spokes. These occur in every basket, and to be 
 a proficient weaver a student must understand and 
 conquer them. 
 
 116. First. 
 
 The base spokes must radiate from the centre in 
 straight lines and must be equal distances apart. 
 One curved base spoke or any two spokes separated 
 unevenly will cause a defect in the basket proper. 
 
 117. Second. The side spokes must be: 
 
 (a) An equal distance from the centre of the 
 basket. In a model with curved sides the distance 
 from the side spoke to the centre will, of course, vary 
 with the curve, but at any given point each side 
 spoke must be the same distance from the centre. 
 
 (J?) An equal distance from each other. 
 
 72 
 
SCRAP BASKETS 73 
 
 The distance between the spokes will also vary with 
 the curve, but at any given point this distance must 
 be the same. 
 
 SPOKES UHEVEHLY 
 ^ SEPARATED 
 
 spoke curved 
 uithebasi 
 
 diagram no. 21. correct and incorrect 
 base spokes 
 
 Diagram No. 22. Correct Side Spokes. 
 
 At X the spokes are an equal distance from the 
 centre and an equal distance apart. 
 
 At Y the spokes are an equal distance from the 
 centre, and an equal distance apart, but the dis- 
 tances at Y are greater than at X. 
 
 118. Third. 
 
 The side spokes throughout the basket radiating 
 from the base spoke must be an equal distance from 
 an imaginary line from the base spoke to the bor- 
 der. The side spokes in a basket have a tendency 
 to swerve to the left of the point where they start 
 from the turn at the base. 
 
74 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 Diagram No. 23. Correct and Incorrect 
 Side Spokes. 
 
 119. (b) is an imaginary line from the base spoke 
 to the border. 
 
 I— 1. Correct direction of the side spokes, each an 
 2-2. equal distance from the imaginary line (b) 
 3-3. and an equal distance from each other. 
 
 4-4. 
 
 5-5- 
 6-6. 
 
 7~7- 
 
 8-8. 
 
 etc. 
 
 i-m. Incorrect direction of the spokes swerving 
 
 2-n. to the left. The distance between the 
 
 3-0. spokes is equal, but the distance of the 
 
 \-p. spokes from the imaginary line (b) is not 
 
 $-q. equal. 
 
 6-r. 
 
 S-t. 
 etc. 
 
 120. Model No. 18. Scrap Basket. 
 
 Dimensions 
 
 Base 6 inches. 
 
 Base, with arrow and coil 7^ inches. 
 
 Height 11 inches. 
 
 Opening 10 inches. 
 
 Greatest diameter 13 inches. 
 
 Turn the shoulder at height of. 9 inches. 
 
ATX THE 
 EQUAL 
 THE CENTRE AND AN EQUAL DISTANCE APART 
 
 ATY THE SPOKES ARE AN EQUAL DISTANCE FROM THE CENTRE AND 
 
 AN EQUAL DISTANCE APART, BUT THE DISTANCE ATY IS GREATER THAN ATI 
 
 DIAGRAM NO. 22. CORRECT SIDE SPOKES 
 
 M 1 BN2 03 BP4 Q 5 BR6 57 BT 8 u9 BV wl Rxl2 
 
 I B I 3 B 4 5 B 6 7B8 9BI0 II B 12 
 
 DIAGRAM NO. 23. CORRECT AND INCORRECT 
 SIDE SPOKES 
 
SCRAP BASKETS 75 
 
 MATERIALS 
 
 8 base spokes No. 6 reed, 7^ inches. 
 
 32 supporters No. $}4 reed, 12 inches. 
 
 32 side spokes No. 6 reed, 22 inches. 
 
 Weavers Nos. 3, 4, and 5 reed. 
 
 (a) Weave the button and the first half of the 
 base in Japanese weave (10) with a pliable weaver 
 No. 3, and change to No. 4 when the base is half 
 woven. Draw the weaver down and under with a 
 strong stroke, in order to give the base the necessary 
 slope and to make the weaving as firm as possible. 
 The base should be cupped so that the centre is at 
 least three quarters of an inch from the table when 
 the weave is completed. 
 
 (b) Sharpen the side spokes and supporters with 
 a long slanting cut, having previously wet them 
 thoroughly. Never allow side spokes for a scrap 
 basket to lie in the water, as they become too pliable. 
 
 Trim the base spokes, one at a time, as close to 
 the weaving as possible, and bi-spoke with the thirty- 
 two supporters, pressing them well down in the 
 weaving, to the button if possible. 
 
 Turn the base over and separate the supporters 
 on the right side of the base an equal distance apart 
 with a three-rod arrow (19-20) and crush the spokes 
 close to the weaving. 
 
 (c) Turn the base upside down on your lap and 
 insert the thirty-two side spokes, putting one to the 
 right of each supporter, pressing them as far down 
 as possible. 
 
 Each supporter with its side spoke is carried as 
 one spoke, to add strength to the basket. 
 
76 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 (d) Crush the side spokes close to the arrow and, 
 using No. 5 reed, turn them with the supporters 
 directly at right angles to the base with three rows 
 of a four-rod coil (15&-17), and making an arrow 
 with the fourth row (19-20^.) 
 
 (<?) Place the basket on a table and put a heavy- 
 stone or brick inside to weigh it down. 
 
 Go around the basket holding the winding awl 
 on the weaving and striking it with a hammer to 
 drive the weaving down close at the turn. 
 
 It is well to repeat this hammering of the weaving 
 at intervals of three inches, as it forces the rows of 
 weaving together and makes a much firmer basket. 
 
 (J) Before beginning to weave the sides of the 
 basket, direct each spoke into its proper position. 
 
 From this point on strict attention must be paid 
 to the spokes. They will tend persistently to the 
 left; each time the weaver is passed over or under a 
 spoke it is necessary to see that it has its proper 
 place. 
 
 Judge both from the inside and the outside of the 
 basket. 
 
 (g) As the basket must have a diameter of thir- 
 teen inches, before beginning to weave measure the 
 diameter between the spokes, nine inches from the 
 table, and notice whether you must bring the spokes 
 out or hold them in to secure the desired thirteen 
 inches. 
 
 (h) A basket woven on a table has a tendency to 
 come out too quickly, so make the slope very gradual 
 and measure, from time to time, in order to calcu- 
 late correctly. 
 
 Should the basket slope out too much, hold the 
 
FIGURE XII, MODEL l8. SCRAP-BASKET 
 
SCRAP BASKETS 77 
 
 spokes straight; in case the diameter should be thir- 
 teen inches before the required nine inches in height 
 is reached, weave the necessary distance on the 
 straight before curving in on the shoulder. 
 
 (i) The shaping of a basket can only be acquired 
 through practice, but endeavor from the first not 
 only to form the basket in your mind but to produce 
 that form and shape in imagination with the spokes. 
 
 Thus it is possible to calculate how the spokes 
 must be directed to obtain it. 
 
 Use the foot rule constantly and always aim to 
 work within given measurements. 
 
 (J) The basket proper in Model No. 18 from the 
 coils and arrow at the turn is woven entirely in triple 
 weave, using No. 4 reed. 
 
 It is much easier for a student to procure the desired 
 shape with this weave than by the use of the bands. 
 
 (k) When the basket is nine inches high and thir- 
 teen inches in diameter, dampen the spokes and turn 
 them toward the centre of the basket. 
 
 At this point the supporters have disappeared, 
 and the long side spokes only are left. 
 
 Make a gradual curve in, at the shoulder of the 
 basket, endeavoring to have the diameter of the 
 opening eleven and one half inches when the height 
 of the basket is eleven inches. 
 
 (/) Make a four-rod coil (15&, 18) of No. 5 reed. 
 
 Dampen and crush the spokes close to the coil and 
 finish with the following border: 
 
 (m) Scrap-Basket Border. 
 
 First Row. Bring each spoke in turn in front of 
 three spokes and in. 
 
78 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 Second Row. Bring each spoke in turn over two 
 spokes and down and trim. 
 
 It is customary to make the coil at the top of the 
 basket with reed of the same number as the spokes, 
 but a coil of No. 6 is too heavy with an opening of 
 eleven and one half inches, so No. 5 or No. 5^2 is 
 substituted. 
 
 (n) Singe the basket while damp, and notice if 
 the opening is a perfect circle. 
 
 If the weaving of the basket, coil, and border has 
 been done unevenly, then the opening will not be 
 perfect. 
 
 Place the basket straight on the table or floor and 
 let it dry. 
 
 121. Questions. 
 
 Twenty-five. Name the weaves that can be used 
 on a basket with thirty-two spokes. 
 
 (a) Using one weaver. 
 
 (b) Using two weavers. 
 
 (c) Using three weavers. 
 
 Twenty-six. Name the weaves that can be used 
 on a basket with thirty-three spokes. 
 
 (a) Using one weaver. 
 
 (b) Using two weavers. 
 
 (c) Using three weavers. 
 
 Twenty-seven. Name the weaves that can be 
 used on a basket with thirty-four spokes. 
 
 (a) Using one weaver. 
 
 (b) Using two weavers. 
 
 (c) Using three weavers. 
 
s 
 
 o 
 a 
 
 w 
 r 
 
 to 
 vO 
 
CHAPTER XI 
 SCRAP BASKETS 
 
 Models Nos. 19 and 20. 
 
 122. Model No. 19 demonstrates the variety pro- 
 duced in baskets by the use of bands. 
 
 The measurements are the same as Model No. 18 
 (120), and six different bands are given as an elabo- 
 ration of the model. 
 
 DIMENSIONS 
 
 Base 6 inches. 
 
 Base, with arrow and coil 7^2 inches. 
 
 Height 11 inches. 
 
 Opening 10 inches. 
 
 Greatest diameter 13 inches. 
 
 Turn shoulder when the basket is nine inches high. 
 
 MATERIALS 
 
 8 base spokes, No. 6 reed, 7^ inches. 
 32 supporters, No $yi reed, 10 inches. 
 32 side spokes, No. 6 reed, 22 inches. 
 Weavers, Nos. 3, 4, and 5 reed. 
 
 This model is turned at the base like Model No. 
 18 (i2ob-d), three rows of a four-rod coil of No. 5 
 reed, the fourth row forming an arrow. 
 
 79 
 
80 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 123. Scrap Basket with Bands of Arrows. 
 
 No. 1 
 
 Two and one half inches of triple weave (13) No. 4 
 reed. 
 
 Double three-rod arrow (19-21). 
 
 Two and one half inches of triple weave (13). 
 
 Double three-rod arrow (19-21). 
 
 Finish the basket in triple weave (13). 
 
 No. 2 
 Scrap basket with band of double Japanese weave 
 
 (II); 
 
 Five inches triple weave (13) No. 4 reed. 
 
 Three inches of double Japanese weave (11). 
 
 Finish the basket in triple weave (13) No. 4 reed. 
 
 The band of double Japanese weave (11) may be 
 inserted lower down in the basket but must never 
 be used on the shoulder, and the band may be elab- 
 orated by using a four-rod coil (15&-18) or arrow 
 (19-20^) on either side of it. 
 
 No. 3 
 
 Scrap basket with a band of three arrows (19). 
 Five inches of triple weave (13) No. 4 reed. 
 Three rows of a three or four rod arrow (19-20). 
 Explanation: It requires six rows to make three 
 arrows. 
 
 First row coil; reversed but not locked. 
 
 Second row forms arrow. 
 
 Third row coil; reversed but not locked. 
 
 Fourth row forms arrow. 
 
 Fifth row coil; reversed but not locked. 
 

 . ,*•,,■ 
 
 1 ,•■••'• 
 
 o 
 
 Q 
 
 < 
 
 ON 
 
 MP* 
 
SCRAP BASKETS 81 
 
 Sixth row forms arrow. 
 
 Finish basket in triple weave (13) No. 4 reed. 
 
 No. 4 
 
 Scrap basket with rows of double Japanese weave 
 (11). 
 
 Two inches of triple weave (13). 
 
 Two rows of Japanese weave (11), that is, twice 
 around. 
 
 Two inches of triple weave (13). 
 
 Four rows of double Japanese weave (11) that is, 
 four times around. 
 
 Two inches of triple weave (13). 
 
 Six rows of double Japanese weave (11), that is, 
 six times around. 
 
 No. 5 
 Scrap basket with a band of coils and arrows 
 (15-18) (19-20). 
 
 Five inches of triple weave (13) No. 4 reed. 
 
 Four-rod coil (15&-18) of No. 5 reed. 
 
 Arrow (19) of No. 2 reed. 
 
 Four-rod coil (15&-18) of No. 5 reed. 
 
 Finish the basket in triple weave (13) No. 4 reed. 
 
 No. 6. 
 
 Scrap basket with band of over-and-under weave 
 (18). 
 
 This band may be used with or without four-rod 
 coils on either side. 
 
 Single over and under (8b) No. 4 reed. 
 
 Double over and under (9^) Nos. 3 or 4 reed. 
 
 Triple over and under (carry three weavers as one) 
 No. 3 reed. 
 
82 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 124. Model No. 20. Low Scrap Basket. 
 
 This basket is suitable for palms, as well as for a 
 library, bedroom, or porch scrap basket. 
 
 The measurements used in this model were taken 
 from pottery. 
 
 DIMENSIONS 
 
 Base %% inches. 
 
 Height 8>^ inches. 
 
 Opening, with border 9 inches. 
 
 Greatest diameter 16 inches. 
 
 From coil at base to border (with the tape mea- 
 sure) eleven inches. 
 
 Five inches of over and under (8ri) and six inches 
 of triple weave (13). 
 
 MATERIALS 
 
 8 base spokes, No. 7 reed, 10 inches. 
 35 side spokes, No. 6 reed, 25 inches. 
 Weavers, Nos. 3, 4, and 5 reed. 
 
 No supporters are used in this model, and the 
 spokes are not crushed at the turn at the base. 
 
 Weave the base as described in Model No. 18 (120). 
 Bi-spoke the base spokes with the side spokes, and 
 insert three extra spokes at equal distances apart, 
 giving three sides spokes at three of the base spokes. 
 
 Separate the spokes on the right side of the base 
 with a three-rod arrow (120&); with the under-side 
 of the base toward you turn the basket with a four- 
 rod coil (15&-18) of No. 5 reed, directing each spoke 
 slightly upward. 
 
SCRAP BASKETS 83 
 
 Weave three and one half inches in single over-and- 
 under weave (8#), endeavoring to have the diameter 
 at this point sixteen inches; the slope from the coil 
 is a very gradual one, and great care must be exerted 
 to carry out the three fundamental rules given in 
 lesson No. 8 (11 5-1 18). 
 
 When the required diameter has been reached, turn 
 the spokes directly in until the five inches is com- 
 pleted of the over-and-under weave. 
 
 Place the basket on the table and weight it, and 
 continue the weaving of six inches in triple weave 
 (13), directing the spokes to obtain the nine-inch 
 opening, at the height eight and one half inches. 
 
 When diameter is eleven and one half inches, fin- 
 ish the basket with a three-rod coil (150) of No. 5 
 reed and the following border: 
 
 Crush spokes and bring each in turn, 
 First row in front of two spokes and in, 
 Second row over two spokes and down, 
 Third row over two spokes and down and trim. 
 
 125. Questions. 
 
 Twenty-eight. Using border given for Model No. 
 20, would it be correct to use a four-rod coil to finish 
 the basket and why ? 
 
 Twenty-nine. Give two reasons for using thirty- 
 five side spokes in Model No. 20 instead of thirty- 
 two. 
 
CHAPTER XII 
 OVAL BASE 
 
 126. MATERIALS 
 
 6 needles, No. 5 reed, 5 inches. 
 3 threads, No. 5 reed, 7 inches. 
 2 supporters, No. 5 reed, 7 inches. 
 
 Thread the six needles with the three threads. 
 
 Place the two middle needles over the centre of 
 the three threads and draw the two other pairs 
 three fourths of an inch away from the middle ones. 
 
 (a) Holding the spokes in the left hand, with the 
 
 !-NEEDLiS 
 
 J-THREAOS 
 
 DIAGRAM NO. 24 
 
 threads vertical, select a pliable No. 2 weaver, run it 
 down through the three pairs of needles, along the 
 threads on the left-hand side. 
 
 84 
 
OVAL BASE 
 
 85 
 
 (b) Hold the spokes so that the needles are ver- 
 tical and the threads parallel with your body. 
 
 Carry the long end of the weaver from the lower 
 left angle across the first pair of needles (to the left), 
 to the upper right angle (Diagram 25 [1-2]), and 
 down under the threads to the lower right angle (Dia- 
 gram 25 [2-3]), and up and across the upper left angle 
 (Diagram 25 [3-4]), and down and under diagonally 
 across to the lower right angle (Diagram 25 [4-5]). 
 
 z> 
 
 Uv\J 
 
 DIAGRAM NO. 25. WINDING OF INTERSECTION OF 
 NEEDLES AND THREADS IN AN OVAL BASE 
 
 Repeat the cross as described in (b) over the 
 second pair of needles. 
 
 Wind the threads with eight winds and repeat 
 the cross as described in (b) over the third pair of 
 needles and bring the weaver up and out finally at 
 the lower right angle of the lower pair of needles. 
 
 This is called the "spine of the base." 
 
 Sharpen the ends of the two supporters and drive 
 them on each side of the spine up through the open- 
 
86 
 
 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 ing in the needles, which adds great strength to an 
 oval base. 
 
 Diagrams Nos. 26 and 27. 
 
 127. Crush the supporters at the four points 
 where they intersect the needles. 
 
 The initial spoke is the lower left thread and the 
 weaver is brought up between it and the supporter. 
 
 DIAGRAM NO. 28. SEPARATING SPOKES 
 IN AN OVAL BASE 
 
 Separate the spokes with Japanese weave, treating 
 each pair of needles as one spoke, but separating 
 the threads and supporters at either end, at equal 
 distances, considering the middle thread as the 
 spine, and keeping it at right angles to the needles, 
 but directing the threads and supporters on either 
 side toward the needles to form a fan shape. 
 
 128. The base must be sloped similar to a round 
 one and the same rule applies in regard to the spokes; 
 
w 
 Q 
 
 w 
 
 CO 
 
 £ 
 
 pq 
 
 U> 
 
 
 
 hJ 
 
 
 < 
 
 O. 
 
 > 
 
 O) 
 
 O 
 
 O 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 < 
 
 ^ 
 
 fe 
 
 < 
 
 U 
 
 a! 
 o 
 < 
 
 w 
 
 
 
 < o 
 Pi 
 
 o w 
 
 < Q 
 
OVAL BASE 87 
 
 they must radiate from the spine in straight lines 
 and must be an equal distance apart. 
 
 A badly woven oval base will cause the spine to 
 be crooked and consequently the basket proper will 
 be defective. 
 
 The first few weaves of Japanese weave must be 
 done with the utmost care, and the weaver must be 
 drawn very tight and pressed in close to the spine 
 with the winding awl, otherwise it will stand away 
 from the spine and result in a weak base and uneven 
 weaving. 
 
 If a larger-sized weaver is used, wind the spine 
 between the needles with less number of winds. 
 
 129. Model No 21. Oval Market Basket. 
 
 dimensions 
 
 Base, 6 inches long, 4 inches wide. 
 
 Height, 7 inches. 
 
 Opening, 14/^ inches long, 12^ inches wide. 
 
 MATERIALS 
 
 6 needles, No. 5 reed, 5^ inches. 
 
 3 threads, No. 5 reed, 7^ inches. 
 
 2 supporters, No. 5 reed, 7^ inches. 
 34 side spokes, No. \ x /2 reed, 20 inches long. 
 
 2 handle-bars, No. 10 reed, 26 inches. 
 Weavers, Nos. 2, 3, 3^2, and 4 reed. 
 
 Weave the base six by four inches, and bi-spoke 
 with the side spokes, placing the two extra spokes 
 in the middle thread of the spine. 
 
 A satisfactory method is to split the middle 
 
88 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 thread in the bare spokes with the winding awl and 
 run the extra spoke well down in the middle of the 
 spoke, which helps to hold the side spoke firmly in 
 its proper place. 
 
 In weaving the sides of an oval basket mark this 
 extra spoke at each end, and remember that this 
 spoke is the centre of the oval ends and must be 
 held in this central position in respect to the spokes 
 on either side of it. 
 
 Crush the spokes and turn the basket with three 
 rows of a four-rod coil, making an arrow with the 
 fourth row. 
 
 Weave two and one half inches of single Japanese 
 weave (10) No. 3 reed, a four-rod arrow (19-20^ of 
 No. 4 reed, three inches of two-ply weave (62) No. 
 3^ reed. 
 
 Crush the spokes and finish with a commercial 
 border No. 2 (Lesson 5). 
 
 Insert the handle-bars on the long side of the oval, 
 and allow the two middle spokes to intervene be- 
 tween the spokes where the bars are inserted. 
 
 Wind the split handle as in Lesson 5. 
 
 130. ModelNo. 22. Oval Basket with Handle. 
 
 dimensions 
 
 Oval base, 6 inches by 4. 
 
 Height, 6 inches. 
 
 Opening, 9^ inches by n>£ inches. 
 
 MATERIALS 
 
 6 needles, No. 5 reed, $y 2 inches. 
 3 threads, No. 5 reed, 7K inches. 
 
OVAL BASE 89 
 
 2 supporters, No. 5 reed, 7^ inches. 
 34 side spokes, No. \% reed, 20 inches. 
 
 131. Weave base six inches by four inches and 
 bi-spoke with the side spokes as in Model No. 21. 
 
 Separate with a three-rod arrow (19) and turn the 
 spokes slightly upward, with a locked four-rod coil 
 of No. 4 reed (15&-18). 
 
 Weave three inches in single Japanese weave (10) 
 with No. 3 reed. 
 
 Four-rod arrow (19-20^) of No. 4 reed. 
 
 Two inches of two-ply (62) of No. 3^ reed. 
 
 132. Finish with the following border: 
 Crush the spokes and carry each spoke in turn. 
 First row, back of one spoke and out. 
 Second row, over three spokes and in. 
 
 Third row, over two spokes and down and trim. 
 
 Insert the handle-bars lengthwise in the basket, 
 leaving one spoke between the two spokes where the 
 bars are inserted, and wind as in Lesson 5. 
 
 133. Questions. 
 
 Thirty. State four distinct different points in the 
 weaving of round and oval bases. 
 
 Thirty-one. Give the reason for placing an extra 
 spoke in the middle thread of an oval base. 
 
 Thirty-two. If thirty-two spokes are used in the 
 sides of a basket in an oval base (three threads and 
 three double needles) and three are placed in the 
 middle thread at each end, how are the remaining 
 twenty-six spokes inserted in the base ? 
 
CHAPTER XIII 
 CULLING-FLOWER BASKETS 
 134. Model No. 23. 
 
 dimensions 
 
 Base, 5 by 7 inches. 
 
 Height, 5 inches, with the tape measure, from the 
 
 arrow in the base to the top of the weaving. 
 Opening, 15 inches by 17 inches. 
 
 MATERIALS 
 
 6 needles (3 pairs), No. 7 reed, 6}4 inches long. 
 
 3 threads, No. 7 reed, 8K inches long. 
 
 2 supporters, No. 7 reed, SJ4 inches long. 
 32 side spokes, No. 5K reed, 18 inches long. 
 
 2 handle-bars, No. 10 reed, 28 inches long. 
 Weavers, Nos. 3 and 4 reed. 
 
 Thread the three pairs of needles with the three 
 threads, and wind five times between the needles 
 with a pliable No. 3 weaver. 
 
 Insert the supporters and weave the base until it 
 measures, underneath, five inches wide by seven 
 inches long. 
 
 As these flower baskets are flat, do not cup the 
 
 90 
 
CULLING-FLOWER BASKETS 91 
 
 base too much but make the weaving very close 
 and firm and give the spokes a very gradual slope. 
 
 Insert the thirty-two side spokes as follows: one 
 at each middle needle, bi-spoking the other base 
 spokes and placing the extra side spoke in the mid- 
 dle thread of the base spokes. 
 
 Separate the spokes with a four-rod arrow with 
 No. 4 reed (19-20^), turn the basket upside down, 
 and weave two and one half inches of double Japa- 
 nese weave (n), wrong side out. 
 
 Explanation: As the basket is flat we wish the 
 right side of the weaving to be inside, therefore re- 
 verse Japanese weave by going under two spokes 
 and over one spoke. 
 
 135. Mending Double Japanese Weave. 
 (Wrong Side Out.) 
 
 Allow the short end to rest in front of a spoke on the 
 side of the basket toward you, insert the new weaver 
 (irrespective of which weaver is being mended) below 
 the two weavers, and allow it to rest back of the 
 spoke to the left of the mending spoke, that is, in- 
 side the basket. 
 
 The short weaver ends on the outside of the bas- 
 ket and the new weaver begins on the inside and 
 both are trimmed with a very slanting cut. 
 
 Slope the side spokes very gradually, giving those 
 on the outside of the oval, where the handle is to be 
 inserted, a more direct upward slope than those on 
 the ends. 
 
 Weave two and one half inches of two-ply weave 
 (62) and finish with commercial border No. 2 (80). 
 
92 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 Insert the handle-bars crosswise, leaving one 
 spoke between, and wind as in Lesson 5 (75). 
 
 136. Model No. 24. Large Gathering Basket. 
 
 dimensions . 
 Base, 7 by 9 inches. 
 Height, 6 inches from the arrow in the base to the 
 
 top of the weaving. 
 Opening, 19 by 21 inches. 
 
 materials 
 
 6 needles (3 pairs), No. 7 reed, 8K inches long. 
 
 5 threads, No. 7 reed, n>£ inches long. 
 
 2 supporters, No. 7 reed, n}4 inches long. 
 40 side spokes, No. ^yi reed, 20 inches long. 
 
 2 handle-bars, No. 11 reed, 34 inches long. 
 Weavers, No. 4 reed. 
 
 Thread the three pairs of needles with the five 
 threads and wind six times between the pairs of 
 needles with a pliable No. 4 reed. 
 
 Insert the supporters, remembering to crush them, 
 and separate the spokes with a gradual slope until 
 the base measures seven inches by nine inches. 
 
 Insert the side spokes, one at each middle needle, 
 bi-spoking the other base spokes, and inserting the 
 extra spoke in the middle thread. 
 
 Separate the side spokes with a four-rod coil (15- 
 18) of No. 4 reed, turn the basket over and weave 
 from the under-side, in No. 4 reed, three inches of 
 single Japanese weave (10), wrong side out — that is, 
 under two spokes and over one spoke, curving the 
 spokes as in Model No. 23. 
 
Q 
 < 
 
CULLING-FLOWER BASKETS 93 
 
 137. Mending Single Japanese Weave. 
 
 (Wrong Side Out.) 
 
 Allow the short weaver to end in front of a spoke 
 on the side of the basket toward you. 
 
 Insert the new weaver on the right side of the 
 spoke to the left of the mending spoke and carry- 
 it in front of the mending spoke, back of the two 
 spokes, and out, and proceed with the weaving. 
 
 Place the basket on your lap and weave a four-rod 
 arrow (19-20^), in No. 4 reed, on the inside of the 
 basket. 
 
 Reverse the basket again, weaving on the outside, 
 and weave three inches of two-ply (62) weave and 
 finish with commercial border No. 2 (80). 
 
 Insert the handle-bars crosswise, leaving one side 
 spoke between, and wind as in Lesson 5 (75). 
 
 138. Questions. 
 
 Thirty-three. How many spokes come into play 
 with each stroke of the weavers in — 
 
 (a) Pairing? 
 
 (b) Triple weave ? 
 
 (c) Four-rod coil? 
 State the general rule. 
 
 Thirty-four. What weaves can be used in Model 
 No. 24 ? 
 
 Thirty-five. What constitutes the spine of an oval 
 base ? 
 
 Thirty-six. Is the initial spoke of the spine the 
 same as the initial spoke of the base in an oval base ? 
 
 Thirty-seven. State the difference between pairing 
 and under-and-over weave on an even number of 
 spokes where two weavers are used. 
 
CHAPTER XIV 
 
 (a) Table of Weaves. 
 
 (b) Table of Coils. 
 
 (c) Table of Scale of Measurements for 
 Series of Baskets. 
 
 (d) Table of Borders. 
 
 (a) WEAVES 
 
 139. Number One 
 
 Under-and-over weave, odd number of spokes. 
 Under-and-over weave, one weaver, in front of one and 
 
 back of one. 
 Double under-and-over weave, two weavers carried as 
 
 one, in front of one and back of one. 
 Triple under-and-over weave, three weavers carried as 
 
 one, in front of one and back of one. 
 
 Number Two 
 Under-and-over weave, even number of spokes. 
 Under-and-over weave, two weavers, in front of one 
 
 and back of one. 
 Double under-and-over weave, four weavers, two car- 
 ried as one, in front of one and back of one. 
 Triple under-and-over weave, six weavers, three car- 
 ried as one, in front of one and back of one. 
 94 
 
WEAVES, COILS, MEASUREMENTS, AND BORDERS 95 
 
 Number Three 
 Japanese weave, number of spokes not divisible 
 
 BY THREE. 
 
 Japanese weave, one weaver, in front of two and 
 
 back of one. 
 Double Japanese weave, two weavers carried as one, 
 
 in front of two and back of one. 
 Triple Japanese weave, three weavers carried as one, 
 
 in front of two and back of one. 
 
 Number Four 
 Pairing weave, on any number of spokes. 
 Pairing weave, two weavers, in front of one and back 
 
 of one. 
 Double pairing weave, jour weavers, two carried as 
 
 one, in front of one and back of one. 
 Triple pairing weave, six weavers, three carried as 
 
 one, in front of one and back of one. 
 
 Number Five 
 Triple weave, on any number of spokes. 
 Triple weave, three weavers, in front of two and back 
 
 of one. 
 Double triple weave, six weavers, two carried as one, in 
 
 front of two and back of one. 
 Triple triple weave, nine weavers, three carried as one, 
 
 in front of two and back of one. 
 
 Number Six 
 Two-ply weave. 
 
 Two-ply weave, four weavers, in front of two and back 
 of two. 
 
96 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 Number Seven 
 Colonial weave. 
 
 Colonial weave, one weaver, in front of two and back 
 of two. 
 
 One. Number of spokes divided by four leaving a 
 remainder of two; number of spokes, 18, 22, 26, 
 30, 34, and 38; change the weave by going back 
 of one. 
 
 Two. Number of spokes divided by four leaving a 
 remainder of three; number of spokes, 19, 23, 
 27, 31, 35, and 39; heavy coil to the right; do 
 not change the weave. 
 
 Three. Number of spokes divided by four leaving a 
 remainder of one; number of spokes, 17, 21, 25, 
 
 29, 33, and 37; heavy coil to the left; do not 
 change the weave. 
 
 Number Eight 
 
 Bellefonte weave. 
 
 Belief onte weave, one weaver, in front of one and back 
 of three. 
 
 One. Number of spokes divided by four leaving a 
 remainder of two; number of spokes, 18, 22, 26, 
 
 30, 34, and 38; every other spoke exposed. 
 
 Two. Number of spokes divided by four leaving a 
 remainder of three; number of spokes, 19, 23, 
 27, 31, 35, and 39; heavy coil to the right. 
 
 Three. Number of spokes divided by four leaving a 
 remainder of one; number of spokes, 17, 21, 25, 
 29, 33, and 37; heavy coil to the left. 
 
WEAVES, COILS, MEASUREMENTS, AND BORDERS 97 
 140. (» COILS 
 
 3 rod coil. 3 weavers. In front of 2, back of 1 
 
 . a k (c u 
 4 4 3, 1 
 
 *. a . it 11 _ t< 
 
 4 4 2, 2 
 
 5 " 5 " " 4, " 1 
 
 5 " 5 " " 3, " 2 
 
 6 " 6 " " 5, " 1 
 
 6 " 6 " 4, " 2 
 
 00 3, 3 
 
 * Coil inside and out. 
 
 141. 
 
 ARROWS 
 One 
 
 Pairing arrow. Two weavers. Twice the circumference. 
 Double pairing arrow. Four weavers. Two carried 
 
 as one. Twice the circumference. 
 Triple pairing arrow. Six weavers. Three carried 
 
 as one. Twice the circumference. 
 
 Two 
 
 Triple arrow. Three weavers. Twice the circumference. 
 Double triple arrow. Six weavers. Two carried as 
 
 one. Twice the circumference. 
 Triple triple arrow. Nine weavers. Three carried 
 
 as one. Twice the circumference. 
 
 Three 
 
 Four weavers. 
 
 T 
 
 wice 
 
 th 
 
 e circum- 
 
 Four-rod arrow. 
 ference. 
 
 Double four-rod arrow. Eight weavers. Two carried 
 as one. Twice the circumference. 
 
 Triple jour-rod arrow. Twelve weavers. Three car- 
 ried as one. Twice the circumference. 
 
98 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 (c) SCALE OF MEASUREMENTS FOR MODELS 
 GIVEN IN THE TWELVE LESSONS 
 
 ! 
 
 BASE 
 
 HEIGHT 
 
 GREATEST 
 DIAMETER 
 
 OPENING 
 
 I. Work-basket, straight 
 sides. 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 SA 
 7A 
 9 l A 
 
 SA 
 7A 
 9A 
 
 2. Work - basket, bowl- 
 shaped. 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 S 
 7 
 9 
 
 3. Handle basket, round. 
 
 VA 
 
 4 
 
 AA 
 
 SA 
 
 ey 
 
 VA 
 
 sy 
 
 10A 
 
 i2y 
 
 6y 
 
 sy 
 
 ioy 
 
 4. Handle basket, pear- 
 shaped. 
 
 3A 
 4 
 
 AA 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 10 
 
 SA 
 
 9A 
 
 10A 
 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 
 5. Handle basket, lily- 
 shaped. 
 
 VA 
 
 4 
 
 AA 
 
 6 or 7 
 8 
 9 
 
 10 
 12 
 14 
 
 10 
 12 
 14 
 
 6. Candy basket, straight 
 sides. 
 
 zA 
 4 
 
 AA 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 7. Candy basket, bowl- 
 shaped. 
 
 zA 
 A 
 
 AA 
 
 ZA 
 
 A 
 
 AA 
 
 SA 
 
 ey 
 
 7A 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8. Table jardinieres. 
 
 ZA 
 AA 
 SA 
 
 ey 
 
 zA 
 AA 
 SA 
 
 ey 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 10 
 11 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 9. Violet bowls. 
 
 3 
 
 zA 
 
 A 
 
 ZA 
 
 4X 
 AH 
 
 ey 
 
 7A 
 
 sy 
 
 2A 
 3 3 A 
 A 3 A 
 
 10. Scrap basket, Model 
 18. 
 
 6 
 
 ey 
 7 
 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 
 10* 
 iot 
 
 11. Scrap basket, Model 
 19. 
 
 VA 
 8 
 
 sy 
 
 7A 
 8 
 
 SA 
 
 14 
 is 
 16 
 
 9§ 
 
 9ll 
 9 1T 
 
 12. Culling - flower bas- 
 kets. 
 
 5x7 
 
 6x8 
 7x9 
 
 s 
 
 SA 
 
 6 
 
 15x17 
 17x19 
 19x21 
 
 15x17 
 17x19 
 19x21 
 
 * Turn shoulder at nine inches high, t Turn shoulder at ten inches high. 
 
 JTurn shoulder at eleven inches high. 
 
 §Turn basket in when diameter is thirteen inches. 
 
 || Turn basket in when diameter is fourteen inches. 
 
 II Turn basket in when diameter is fifteen inches. 
 
WEAVES, COILS, MEASUREMENTS, AND BORDERS 99 
 
 I4 2. id) BORDERS 
 
 (a) Border No i. 
 
 First row, back of one and out. 
 
 Second row, in front of two and in; or in front 
 
 of three and in. 
 Third row, in front of two and down. 
 
 Border No. 2. 
 
 First row, back of two and out. 
 
 Second row, in front of two and in ; or in front 
 
 of three and in. 
 Third row, in front of two and down. 
 
 Border No. 3. 
 
 First row, back of three and out. 
 
 Second row, in front of two and in; or in front 
 
 of three and in. 
 Third row, in front of two and down. 
 
 (b) Commercial Border No. 1. 
 
 (a) Lay down two spokes. 
 
 (J?) In front of one spoke, back of one and 
 
 out, and lay the first standing spoke, 
 (c) Carry the short ends, in front of one 
 
 spoke, to the inside of the basket. 
 
 Commercial Border No. 2. 
 
 (a) Lay down three spokes. 
 
 (b) In front of two spokes, back of one and 
 out, and lay down the first standing spoke. 
 
 (c) Carry the short ends, in front of two 
 
 spokes, to the inside of the basket. 
 
ioo THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 Commercial Border No. 3. 
 
 (a) Lay down four spokes. 
 
 (b) In front of three spokes, back of one and 
 
 out, and lay the first standing spoke. 
 
 (c) Carry the short ends, in front of three 
 
 spokes, to the inside of the basket. 
 
 Commercial Border No. 4. 
 
 (a) Lay down five spokes. 
 
 (b) In front of four spokes, back of one and 
 
 out, and lay the first standing spoke. 
 
 (c) Carry the short ends, in front of four 
 
 spokes, to the inside of the basket. 
 
 (c) Scrap-Basket Border No. i. 
 
 First row, in front of two and in. 
 Second row, over two and down. 
 
 Scrap-Basket Border No. 2. 
 
 First row, in front of three and in. 
 
 Second row, over two and down. 
 
 A third row may be added; over two and 
 
 down. 
 
CHAPTER XV 
 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS 
 
 Answer to Question One: 
 
 The weaving over the spokes in the base before 
 they are separated. 
 Answer to Question Two: 
 
 The second spoke in the threads to the left of 
 
 the first angle (angle a). 
 It is a thread. 
 Answer to Question Three: 
 
 To separate the side spokes, inserted in a base, 
 an equal distance apart. 
 Answer to Question Four: 
 
 A new spoke each side of an old one; i. e.> two 
 new spokes against each original spoke. 
 Answer to Question Five: 
 
 A three-rod coil is only one row of triple weave 
 
 and is reversed and locked. 
 Triple weave may be any number of rows and 
 the weaving is not reversed at the initial spoke 
 and is not locked. 
 Answer to Question Six: 
 
 Reversing the weaving at the initial spoke. 
 Locking the weaving at the initial spoke. 
 Answer to Question Seven: 
 The locking of the coil. 
 
102 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 Answer to Question Eight: 
 
 Stroke that passes in front of two spokes. 
 Answer to Question Nine: 
 
 The first weaver passes over two spokes and 
 back of one. The second weaver is inserted 
 back of the spoke to the right of the one 
 containing the first weaver and passes over 
 one spoke and back of one; thus the two 
 weavers pass back of the same spoke. 
 Answer to Question Ten: 
 
 The spokes of any row must all be the same 
 distance from the button, and they must be 
 an equal distance apart. 
 Answer to Question Eleven: 
 
 Four needles and four threads. 
 Answer to Question Twelve: 
 
 No. 
 Answer to Question Thirteen: 
 
 The number of spokes between the handle-bar 
 on each side of the basket would not be the 
 same. Therefore the handle would be crooked 
 in the basket. 
 Answer to Question Fourteen: 
 
 Half the total number of spokes used. Over- 
 and-under weave. 
 Answer to Question Fifteen: 
 
 It can be pushed through to the other side of 
 the button and held firmly by the needles. 
 Answer to Question Sixteen: 
 
 First. Each stroke passes back of the spoke to 
 its right and out. 
 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS 103 
 
 Second. In front of the first standing spoke to 
 
 the right and in. 
 Third. Back of the second standing spoke and 
 
 out. 
 Fourth. In front of one spoke and in, ending 
 
 on the inside of the basket. 
 
 Answer to Question Seventeen: 
 
 Along the side spoke to the left of the middle 
 thread, on the side of the button containing 
 the three threads. 
 Answer to Question Eighteen: 
 
 The right handle-bar will be inserted on the 
 opposite side along the side spoke, to the left 
 of the right-hand thread. 
 
 The left handle-bar will be inserted on the op- 
 posite side along the side spoke, to the right 
 of the left-hand thread. 
 Answer to Question Nineteen: 
 
 The principle is the same in both bars. In 
 coming back on the first bar the weavers fell 
 to the left or below the weavers of the first 
 winding. Therefore on the second bar the 
 necessary space to the left must be allowed. 
 Answer to Question Twenty: 
 
 The finished lid must measure one fourth of an 
 inch less than the diameter of the opening of 
 the basket. 
 
 Diameter of lid must be six and three eighths 
 inches, as the lid border measures three 
 eighths of an inch on each side or a total of 
 three quarters of an inch. Six and three 
 eighths inches less three fourths of an inch 
 
104 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 gives five and five eighths inches for diameter 
 of the weaving of a lid before the border is 
 completed. (6^ — ^ = 5^.) 
 
 Answer to Question Twenty-one: 
 
 Pairing. 
 
 Over and under; two weavers. 
 
 Double over and under. 
 
 Single Japanese. 
 
 Double Japanese. 
 
 Triple. 
 
 Two-ply. 
 
 All coils. 
 
 Colonial and Bellefonte weaves cannot be used. 
 
 Answer to Question Twenty-two: 
 
 Pairing. 
 
 Over and under; two weavers. 
 
 Double over and under. 
 
 Triple. 
 
 All coils. 
 
 Colonial. 
 
 Bellefonte. 
 
 Japanese single or double cannot be used. 
 
 Answer to Question Twenty-three: 
 
 Six in each group. 
 Answer to Question Twenty-four: 
 
 No. 
 
 Under the lower vertical group. 
 
 Answer to Question Twenty-five: 
 {a) Japanese. 
 
 (b) Pairing, over and under, double Japanese. 
 
 (c) Three-rod coil, triple weave, triple Japanese. 
 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS 105 
 
 Answer to Question Twenty-six: 
 
 (a) Over and under. 
 
 (b) Pairing, double over and under, double 
 Japanese. 
 
 (c) Three-rod coil, triple weave, triple over and 
 
 under. 
 Answer to Question Twenty-seven: 
 
 (a) Japanese, Bellefonte, Colonial. 
 
 (b) Pairing, over and under, double Japanese. 
 
 (c) Three-rod coil, triple weave, triple Japanese. 
 Answer to Question Twenty-eight: 
 
 No. 
 
 The border goes in front of two and forms an 
 
 arrow with the coil. 
 Answer to Question Twenty-nine: 
 
 Supporters being omitted, requires more spokes, 
 
 so that they will not be too far apart. 
 Able to use one weaver in over-and-under weave. 
 
 Answer to Question Thirty: 
 
 Round base has a button. 
 
 Oval base has a spine. 
 
 Oval base has supporters. 
 
 Oval base carries needles in pairs as one spoke. 
 Answer to Question Thirty-one: 
 
 Spokes in basket would be too far apart at the 
 border. 
 
 Answer to Question Thirty-two: 
 
 Bi-spoke all but the middle needle. 
 Answer to Question Thirty-three: 
 
 As many spokes as weavers. 
 
 Pairing, two; in front of one and back of one. 
 
106 THE BASKETRY BOOK 
 
 Triple, three; in front of two and back of one. 
 Four-rod coil, four; in front of three and back 
 of one. 
 
 Answer to Question Thirty-four: 
 
 Over and under, two weavers; all kinds. 
 
 Pairing; all kinds. 
 
 Triple. 
 
 All coils. 
 
 Japanese; all kinds. 
 
 Answer to Question Thirty-five: 
 
 Needles, threads, and supporters with the winds 
 between the needles. 
 
 Answer to Question Thirty-six: 
 
 No. 
 
 The initial spoke of the spine is the upper left- 
 hand needle. 
 
 The initial spoke of an oval base is the lower 
 left-hand thread. 
 
 Answer to Question Thirty-seven: 
 
 In over-and-under weave the weavers never cross 
 each other. 
 
 In pairing the weavers cross each other in be- 
 tween the spokes. 
 
INDEX 
 
 A 
 
 PARAGRAPH 
 
 American Rattan & Reed Mfg. Co i 
 
 Arrow 6-8, 19, 141 
 
 B 
 
 Base 32,36 
 
 Base spokes 5-a 
 
 Base with thirteen spokes 57 - lj 58 
 
 Basket with simple handle 46 
 
 Bellefonte weave 57-3, 61, 139 
 
 Border 22-d, 142 
 
 Border No. one 41, 142-a 
 
 Border No. two 52, 142-a 
 
 Border No. three. 142-a 
 
 Bowl-shaped basket 44, 141 
 
 Button of base 35 
 
 C 
 
 Candy baskets 82, 141 
 
 Coil 6-7, 15, 140 
 
 Colonial weave 57~2, 59, 139 
 
 Commercial border No. one 70, 142-& 
 
 Commercial border No. two 80, 142-& 
 
 Commercial border No. three 142-b 
 
 Commercial border No. four 142-i 
 
 Correct and incorrect base spokes 1 16 
 
 Correct and incorrect side spokes 1 17, 1 19 
 
 Culling-flower baskets 134, 141 
 
 D 
 
 Definitions 5 
 
 Directions for measuring a base 3 \-a 
 
 Directions for measuring a basket 31 
 
 Directions for measuring the diameter of a basket 3 \-d 
 
 Directions for measuring the height of a basket 31-& 
 
 Directions for measuring the opening of a basket 31-c 
 
 Double Japanese weave 6-4, II, 139 
 
 107 
 
108 INDEX 
 
 PARAGRAPH 
 
 Double over-and-under weave 6-2, 9, 139 
 
 Double weaving 21 
 
 F 
 
 Five-rod coil I5~f, 140 
 
 Flower baskets with handles 56, 73, 141 
 
 Foot rule 2-7 
 
 Four-rod coil *S~b> 140 
 
 G 
 
 Gathering baskets 136, 141 
 
 General rule for weaving 7 
 
 H 
 
 Handle for beginners 47, 49 
 
 Handle (Japanese) 53 
 
 Handle (split) 75~78 
 
 I 
 
 Indian centres 93, 102 
 
 Initial spoke 5-c 
 
 Initial spoke of an arrow 39 
 
 Initial spoke of a base 35, Fig. 3, No. 3 
 
 Initial spoke of an oval base 127 
 
 J 
 
 Japanese handle 53 
 
 Japanese weave .6-3, 10, 139 
 
 Jardiniere for table no, 112, 141 
 
 L 
 
 Lay-down spokes 70-1 
 
 Lid 87 
 
 Lid basket 82, 90, 141 
 
 Lid border 88 
 
 Lift on lid 89 
 
 Lily-shaped flower basket with handle 141, 56, 64, 69 
 
 M 
 
 Market basket 129 
 
 Materials I 
 
 Measurements of four flower baskets 74 
 
 Mending 22-c 
 
 Mending an arrow 30 
 
INDEX 109 
 
 PARAGRAPH 
 
 Mending Bellefonte weave 61 
 
 Mending a coil 29 
 
 Mending Colonial weave 60 
 
 Mending double Japanese weave 27 
 
 Mending double Japanese weave (wrong side out) 135 
 
 Mending double over-and-under weave 25 
 
 Mending Japanese weave 26 
 
 Mending over-and-under weave 23 
 
 Mending pairing weave 24 
 
 Mending single Japanese weave (wrong side out) 135 
 
 Mending triple weave 28 
 
 Mending two-ply 62 
 
 Model No. one 37,42 
 
 Model No. two 43 
 
 Model No. three 44 
 
 Model No. four 46 
 
 Model No. five 51 
 
 Model No. six 54 
 
 Model No. seven 54 
 
 Model No. eight 56, 64, 69 
 
 Model No. nine 74-9 
 
 Model No. ten 74~i° 
 
 Model No. eleven 74 -11 
 
 Model No. twelve 74 -13 
 
 Model No. thirteen 82 
 
 Model No. fourteen 83 
 
 Model No. fifteen 84 
 
 Model No. sixteen 107 
 
 Model No. seventeen 108 
 
 Model No. eighteen 120 
 
 Model No. nineteen 122, 123 
 
 Model No. twenty 124 
 
 Model No. twenty-one 129 
 
 Model No. twenty-two 130 
 
 Model No. twenty-three 134 
 
 Model No. twenty-four 136 
 
 N 
 
 Needles of an oval base 126, Diagram 24 
 
 Needles of a round base 34 
 
 New England Reed Co 1 
 
 New propositions 57> 9 2 
 
 O 
 
 Opening of a basket 22-c 
 
 Oval base 126, 127 
 
no INDEX 
 
 PARAGRAPH 
 
 Oval basket 126, 130, 141 
 
 Oval basket with handles 130 
 
 Oval culling-flower basket 134, 141 
 
 Oval flower basket 134, 136, 141 
 
 Oval gathering basket 136, 141 
 
 Over-and-under weave 6-1, 8, 139 
 
 Overspoked basket with standard 104, 107, 1 10 
 
 P 
 
 Pairing 6-5, 12, 139 
 
 Pairing arrow , 105, 106, 141 
 
 Pincers 2-3 
 
 Preparation of reed 4 
 
 Q 
 
 Questions No. one to ten 45 
 
 Questions No. eleven to thirteen 55 
 
 Questions No. fourteen to seventeen 72 
 
 Questions No. eighteen to nineteen 81 
 
 Questions No. twenty to twenty-two 91 
 
 Questions No. twenty-three to twenty-four 113 
 
 Questions No. twenty-five to twenty-seven 121 
 
 Questions No. twenty-eight to twenty-nine 125 
 
 Questions No. thirty to thirty-two 133 
 
 Questions No. thirty-three to thirty-seven 138 
 
 R 
 
 Rattan 1 
 
 Reversing a coil 15-c 
 
 Rule for handle basket 63 
 
 Rule for oval base ....128 
 
 Rule for round bases 33 
 
 s 
 
 Scale of measurements 141 
 
 Scrap baskets 120, 122, 123, 124, 141 
 
 Scrap-basket border 120-jrc 
 
 Scrap-basket border No. one 142-c 
 
 Scrap-basket border No. two 142-c 
 
 Shoulder of a basket 22-6 
 
 Side cutters 2-2 
 
 Side spokes $-b 
 
 Sloyd knife 2-1 
 
 Spine of an oval base 35— Fig. 3, No. 3 
 
 Split handle 75 
 
INDEX in 
 
 PARAGRAPH 
 
 Spokes 5 
 
 Standard . 109, 112 
 
 Stroke 5-g 
 
 Supporters 126, 127 
 
 T 
 
 Table jardinieres no, 112, 141 
 
 Tape measure 2-6 
 
 Terras 22 
 
 Threads of an oval base 126, Diagram 24 
 
 Threads of a round base 34 
 
 Three-rod arrow 19 
 
 Three-rod coil 15-c 
 
 Tools 2 
 
 Triple weave 6-6, 13, 139 
 
 Turn of a basket 22-a 
 
 Two-ply 57-4, 62, 139 
 
 V 
 
 Variations in measurements (in same model) 73, 74 
 
 Variations of basket No. one 65 
 
 Variations of basket No. two 66 
 
 Variations of basket No. three 6y 
 
 Variations of basket No. four 68 
 
 Variations of weaver (in same model) 56, 69 
 
 Violet bowl 107, 141 
 
 W 
 
 Weavers 5-,? 
 
 Weaves 6, 139 
 
 Weaving of a base 36 
 
 Winding awl 3 
 
 Winding of a split handle 76 
 
 Work-basket Model No. one 37, 42, 141 
 
 Work-basket Model No. two 43, 141 
 
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