(lass lidok SB 9^ ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE RAVAGES OF THE Gypsy and Brown Tail Moths SECOND EDITION l^TTBLISHKD BY MEDFORD MERCURY IMEDFORt), INIASS. 1906 •riiKKK ^vll.l.o^v^ VT H ScnoN- OF FOBEST STREF.T ASD Ff:i,I.SWAT WEST HAVR BT COIXT S,?>b- PESTROYEP WII.I. PROm-CE NEXT YEAR OVER S.ain.nOO CATERPILLAR ,r, CLL-STERS OF GYP.sY MOTH EGGS, WItlcII IF NOT PKESS OP" 1 f )( >(3 ■Xxft 9:-: i-'C; The Gypsy and Brown Tail Moth Pe^s EVIDENCES of the ravages of the gypsy and brown tail moths are apparent everywhere in Medford. Some few streets and private places are comparatively clear, but even there may be found traces of past damage, with scattered egg clusters waiting to develop in the spring. The gypsy moth is Medford's great blight. The beauty and comfort of the city are in danger; property values are threat- ened, and unless the pest is brought under control the prosperity of Medford will be seriously affected. It has been demonstrated by private individuals that the moths may be destroyed in such numbers as to practically free estates from damage; but under pres- ent conditions the emigration from neighboring places requires continual vigilance and active labor to maintain the freedom of trees once cleansed. United, intelligent and persistent efifort only will clear Medford of the moths which have been its curse for many years. The city, the state and all owners of private property must work together to consistenth- suppress the moths, and the money and labor must be directed by intelligent effort. To efficiently carrj- on the work of suppressing the gypsy moth most advantageously a knowledge is necessary of the nature of the insect, its habits, con- ditions of life and the most certain means of killing it. Medford is the centre of the gypsy moth ra\'ages. It has sufitered more than any other city in the west- ern world from these attacks, and, emigrating from Medford, the moths have spread over a large area of eastern Massachusetts. The legislature has done wisely to take up the fight in the hope of redeeming the section already afifiicted and protecting the rest of the state from the invasion. The curse of the gypsy moth in Massachusetts is traceable to the experiments of Professor Leopold Trouvelot, an eminent astronomer and naturalist, who was trying to breed a new silkworm. Professor Trou- velot lived on Myrtle street in 1S6S, and by the acci- dental falling of a vessel containing moths from the sill of an open window some of the insects escaped, and later more moths were freed when a high wind broke the nettings in which he had confined them on shrubs growing on his premises. The professor was aware of the escape of the moths, and, recognizing their destructive capacity, he strove earnestly to recover them. As his efforts were una- vailing he gave public notice of the escape of the moths that his neighbors and townspeople might as- sist in eradicating them before their foothold in this climate was secure. Unfortunately for Medford the co-operation of the people was not hearty nor effective. They did not realize the danger then, nor do they fully realize the magnitude of the danger which threatens the city now. For ten years the gypsy moths slowly accumulated. Their numbers were kept down by various adverse influences. They were held in check by the new and changeable climate; forest and brush fires thinned their numbers amazingly, and the birds and other insects attacked them with more or less success. Nature's forces strove to drive out the interlopers, while man ignored their increase. By 1879 the moths had spread over a considerable territory, and they increased each year in numbers and voracity until in 18S9 the first extensive outbreak of the moths was noticeable in Medford. The caterjDillars assembled in hordes in the neighborhood of the Trouvelot house, blighting the foliage on all the trees and shrubs, and making life miserable for all the inhabitants of that locality. They spread to other sections of Medford and to Maiden, and to-day the infested district com- prises one hundred and twenty-four cities and towns in Massachusetts and takes in wide stretches of wood- land. The beautiful Middlesex Fells, purchased by the state for the Metropolitan park reser\-ation, are seriously infested, and the damage the moths will inflict there is only limited by the activity of the park commission in fighting the pests and the efficiency of the methods of destruction. For many years before it made its appearance in this country-, the gypsy moth flourished in the forests of the old world. In Germany particularly it has gained a strong hold, although it has been kept reasonably under control bj' its natural enemies and the ener- getic and thorough methods of hand destruction prac- tised by the German authorities. At times whole regiments of the German army have been set at work In the forests destroying caterpillars, and it is ap- parent that the scourge in America will exceed the European ravages unless its growth is speedily checked. The gypsy moth has been subjected to extraordi- nary study since the time of Professor Trouvelot, but, although its nature and characteristics are well un- derstood by naturalists, the public is still astonish- ingly ignorant on this subject, even in places like Medford where no one can walk for an}- distance without seeing gypsy moths in one of their various stages of development. A certain amount of infor- mation has been disseminated through the State board of agriculture, and the superintendent of gypsy moth destruction, appointed last summer by the governor, is now sending out various leaflets and posters in the hope of educating the people as to the best means of dealing with this evil. Misdirected efforts at extermination only serve to spread the pest, but a campaign of education coupled with active, intelligent efforts by town, city and state authorities may }-et reduce the pest in America to a minimum if it cannot be completel}' eradicated. I'he life of the gypsy moth is marked by four stages. The first stage is the egg cluster which serves to contain life from the late summer until the first warm days of spring. These egg clusters are the yellowish brown patches now apparent on the trees of Medford. Each egg cluster contams from three hundred to six hundred eggs, and many trees are so thickly covered with clusters as to conceal the bark for considerable space around the trunks. The egg clusters are laid by the female moth in Jul}' and August. The hairy covering is spun by her, and, having given her all for the benefit of posterity, she forthwith dies. The covering she places about the eggs will survive an ordinary flame, is secure protection from extremes of cold and suffices to keep out predatory insects and animals. It is when the moths are inert in the form of egg clusters that the best opportunity- is offered for hand destruction. Creosote and crude oil are deadly to eggs and caterpillars, and the application of a brush dipped in creosote or crude oil to the egg clusters of the gypsy moth, with sufficient care to saturate the eggs, will kill more moths in the egg state than can ever be as easily destroyed in any other stage. For treating the egg clusters of the gypsy moth, General Samuel C. Lawrence is using a mixture of four parts of crude oil and one part of creosote. To fort\- gallons of crude oil he adds ten gallons of creo- sote and colors the fift}' gallons with one and a half pounds of lampblack. The creosote mixture sold in the market is the best for people who use it in small quantities. In April and May the eggs clusters begin to hatch. The young caterpillars first attack buds, then blos- soms and foliage, increasing in voracity as they aug- ment in size. While they show some preference for fruit trees and certain kinds of shade trees, the gypsy moth caterpillars will, if their choice is limited, eat any sort of trees or shrubber}-. They feed mostly in the late afternoon and night, as they object to the heat of the sun, and this peculiarity of seeking the shade gives opportunity for their wholesale destruc- tion in that stage. Caterpillars crawl or spin down from the foliage to seek shade by day. Many of them gather under burlap bands tied about the trees and offer a good opportunit)' for their slaughter which should not be neglected. In the caterpillar stage occurs most of the spread of the pest. When whole orchards and stretches of woodland have been bereft of every green leaf, colonies of caterpillars will seek new worlds to conquer. Stray caterpillars are taken on teams, cars and automobiles and dropped m new localities, there to breed new colonies of pests. The voracity and filthiness of the gypsy moth cat- erpillar beggar description. In emigrating from place to place they have swarmed over trolley tracks so that the car wheels slipped on their bodies and pedestrians could not avoid stepping on them. \\'hen the caterpillars are feeding in the trees in the height of the season the noise of the excrement as it drops from them can be plainly heard and sounds like the patter of rain. The caterpillars are gluttons, eating everj'thing and anything in the way of foliage and increasing in size with marvelous rapidity. In the caterpillar stage the moths do the most damage and are most offensive. The majority- of hardy trees will not survive three successive seasons of defoliation, and many fruit trees will not survive two. One sea- son at the mercy of the caterpillar will kill pine trees. Through the work of caterpillars unopposed by the destructive agencies of man, orchards and woodlands are left as bare in July and August as in the dead of winter. Having eaten and destroyed such vegetation as he is able, the gypsy moth caterpillar in July or August goes into the pupal state. Seeking a shel- tered spot the caterpillar spins about him a silken web and hangs head down. Within two weeks the caterpillars emerge from the pupal state as moths, but they do not live long. The female moth proceeds to lay her eggs soon after emerging from the pupal state. It is one of the merciful dispensations of Providence that the female moth with her body stored with hundreds of eggs cannot fly. Otherwise the pest would be now spread over a vast extent of America instead of still being confined within a comparatively small area after a growth of thirty-seven years, that is, since the summer of 1S6S. As soon as the female moth has laid her eggs she dies. The male moths live longer but do no damage apart from the annoyance of their presence in large numbers. It is clear that moth destruction may be most eco- nomically and efificientl}- carried on while the nests still contain the unhatched egg clusters. The female moth burdened with her heavy load of eggs will drop it where she may. Hidden recesses of w-alls and fences, the inside of rotted trees and other sheltered spots are her favorite places for depositing eggs; but the female is frequently unable to carry her heavy load any considerable distance, and the egg clusters are found in large numbers on the ground, on the trunks and branches of trees, on porches and sides of houses, in plain sight and easy of access for pur- poses of destruction. From the time the eggs are laid until they hatch in the spring, the destruction of the moths may be effectively carried on, although the snow acts as a blanket to conceal and preserve the nests from their foes. The following is a summary of the number of trees defoliated this yearon the estates on the streets in Medford, not including the tens of thousands of trees which have been stripped of their leaves in the wood- lands. Apple Other trees, kinds. West Medford, North of High street, 257 358 South of High street and east of B. & M. R. R., 80 88 South of High street and west of B. & M. R. R., 68 69 Medford Hillside, Medford Center, Between Salem street and Mystic river, North of Salem street and east of Forest street, North of High street and east of Rural avenue. 1161 1396 Making a total of 2,557 trees stripped of their leaves, and of these trees in all probabilit)' two-thirds will die this year or the ne.xt. To give an adequate idea of the destruction of trees by the moths in a term of three years in localities which are either not intelligently and efficiently cared for, or are wholly neglected, we submit the following instances: — In Walter C. Wright's wood lot, formerly known as Colonel Samuel Blanchard's white pine grove, on Fulton street, of the 379 trees that were )'et standing early in July all but 39 trees, which are mostly \'ellow pines, were defoliated, and of the 340 defoliated trees 405 515 440 270 147 176 132 332 37 1(13 182 are dead, including 154 pine trees, most of them very tall, white pine trees and many of these of quite large size. Of the 158 defoliated trees other than pine trees left, many will not long sur\'ive the effects of the ravages of the moths to which they have been subjected during the past three years. A good illustration of the destructive power of the gypsy and brown tail moths, and of the fact that few trees will survive defoliation by these moths for three years in succession maj' be seen in the north- ern part of the Russell wood lot on Winthrop street near Oak Grove cemetery. A recent careful exam- ination shows that in the ten acres inclosed for three sides by a stone wall only a few trees sur\'ive. These facts certainly present food for thought, and should arouse the residents of Medford to more vigorous exertion in the destruction of the gypsy and brown tail moths. The city of Medford has begun its winter's work of moth destruction. A gang of men armed with brushes and crude oil colored with printer's ink are taking tree by tree, painting each egg cluster within reach and destroying two millions of eggs a day. The city work should be kept up energetically until spring, and when the caterpillars which escape destruction are hatched, they should be promptly attacked by spraying the foliage with arsenate of lead and lime. General Samuel C. Lawrence has taken a deep interest in the destruction of the moths. He is cleaning his own extensive estates, and has also cleaned many of his neighbors' estates. He has made a study of the gypsy moth and knows how it ma)- be efficiently overcome. He has demonstrated, too, that the moths can be kept under control, and the object lesson furnished by his estate has done much to keep up the courage of the people in maintaining the conflict. The discouraging feature of even the most efficient destruction is the rapidity with which grounds once cleansed are again overrun by invasions from neigh- boring territor)'. One careless or shiftless property owner can neutralize by his inactivity' the energy of all his neighbors. All must work together. A sys- tematic campaign of destruction must be waged con- sistently throughout the whole infested district if the moth pest is to be conquered. City must co-operate with city, town with town and individual with indi- vidual. Money must be freely expended and all work intelligently directed. After the caterpillars have begun to crawl much can still be done in the way of destruction although such wholesale results as the attacks on the egg clus- ters accomplish are not possible. Young caterjjillars may be killed by spraying the foliage with arsenical poison, and the spraying of foliage with arsenical poison will kill many older gypsy caterpillars and all brown tail caterpillars. A simple burlap band tied around a tree so that a loose flap will hangover is an efTective attraction for caterpillars; seeking shelter from the sun's rays they will crawl under the burlap, and a daily visit will disclose them congre- gated there for comfort, and they should be promptly killed there and then, or perhaps never. Printer's ink applied on bands of tarred paper will prevent the passage of caterpillars provided the ink is often replenished as it dries quickly. However, experience proves that printer's ink cannot be depended upon for this purpose in cold snaps and is of no use when it has become dry. Where the pest rages the cater- pillars will plunge into the sticky mass until the bodies of the dead form a dry bridge on which the living may pass over to reach the foliage of the trees. By the mere force of numbers the gypsy moth caterpillar renders ordinary methods of little use unless closely followed up. The surest method is to band the trees with tanglefoot, which, unlike raupenheim and bod- lime, does not kill or injure the trees. Much has been stated in the public press and in inten-iews of scientific men regarding the discovery of a parasite or a natural enemy of the gypsy moth which would prevent its rapid spread and ultimately eradicate it from the country. Some people have urged as an objection to public appropriation or pri- vate expenditures that the proper way to fight a scourge of Nature is with Nature's weapons, and that parasites are bound to be discovered to eft'ec- tively do the work which expensive hand destruction is doing now. Various parasites have been discov- ered and are well known, both from their operations abroad and laboratorj' experiments in this country. But all attempts to breed an eftective parasite of the g)'psy moth in this country have so far failed. Attempts to import parasites from Europe have failed through the death of the insects on shipboard; the frequent changes of the American climate has hin- dered the growth of parasites, and so many difficul- ties have interfered that after years of study and experiment the g>-psy moth in America is as yet untroubled by any considerable attacks from para- sites. The investigation and experiment are still going on, and it may be that the problem will ultimately be .solved that way; but in the meantime the caterpil- lars are ruining the vegetation of the infested district, and without hand destruction to keep the caterpillars in check not a tree would be left in the district. There are many sombre examples of the destruction the caterpillars may do within the borders of Med- ford. Dead trees and defoliated forests mark every bit of woodland where caterpillars have been per- mitted to live unmolested for three years. It is no exaggeration to say that the Middlesex Fells would be destroyed within a few years if the war on the gypsy moth were to cease. Hand destruction must be actively prosecuted while the parasite is being developed; and when a parasite of the gypsy moth is discovered, it will take a term of years to get an adequate supply for general effective use. Strong pressure was brought to bear on the legis- lature of 1904-1905 to provide for state supervision of the destruction of the gypsy moth. The danger to the whole state w^as explained, as well as the impos- sibilit}' of eftectively fighting the pest without the consistent co-operation of all the places infested w^ith the moths. At the hearings held before the commit- tee on agriculture, and later before the ways and means committee, it was shown that the interests of the whole state were threatened and that the need for concerted, authoritative action w-as imperative. Late in the session the ways and means committee agreed upon a bill which received the approval of the house and senate and the signature of the governor. The bill puts by far the greater portion of the expense on the district directly affected, but a state superin- tendent is placed in charge of the work with authoritj' to compel co-operation. The results of the legislation were not apparent last year because of the lack of time, but from now on the war against the gj'psy moth should be intelligently waged with every one cheer- fully and efficiently doing his ow-n part. Signs of a mitigation of the scourge will be eagerly looked for ne.xt spring, and all over the state people are watching for an improvement in conditions. The vegetation of Massachusetts is threatened, and Medford as the worst afflicted place in the infested district will make the record by which the w hole district must be judged. Every propert}- owner and householder in Medford, in addition to ridding his own place of the pest, must heartily co-operate with the city and the state in this renewed and united eft'ort to stamp out the gy'psy and the brown tail moths. A copy of the act of the legislature, approved May 8, 1905, under which the suppression of the gypsy and brown tail moths is proceeding, follows in full : — [Chap. 381.] An Act to provide for suppressing the gypsy and brown tail .moths. Be it enacted, etc. , as follows: Section 1. For the purposes of this act the pupae, nests, eggs and caterpillars of the gypsy and brown tail moths and said moths are hereby declared public nuisances, and their suppression is authorized and required; but no owner or occupant of an estate infested by such nuisance shall by reason thereof be liable to an action, civil or criminal, except to the extent and in the manner and form herein set forth. Section 2. The governor, b)- and with the consent of the council, shall appoint a superintendent for suppressing the gypsy and brown tail moths and shall determine his salary. The governor may, with the consent of the council, remove said superintenden at an)' time for such cause as he shall deem sufficient. In case of death, removal or resignation of the super- intendent the governor shall forthwith appoint a successor. On or before the third Wednesday in January in each year the superintendent shall make a report of his proceedings to the general court, which shall be a public document and shall be printed. Said report shall separate so far as is practicable the expenditures on work against the gypsy moth from those on work against the brown tail moth in each city and town. Sectiox 3. The said superintendent shall act for the Commonwealth in suppressing said moths as public nuisances, in accordance with the provisions of this act. For this purpose he shall establish an office and keep a record of his doings and of his receipts and expenditures, and may make rules and regulations. He may employ such clerks, assistants and agents, including e.xpert advisers and inspectors, as he may deem necessary and as shall be approved by the governor. He ma}' make contracts on behalf of the Commonwealth; may act in co-operation with any person, persons, corporation or corporations, including other states, the United States or foreign governments ; may conduct investigations and accu- mulate and distribute information concerning said moths; may devise, use and require all other lawful means of suppressing or preventing said moths; may lease real estate when he deems it necessar)', and, with the approval of the board in charge, ma}- use any real or personal property of the Commonwealth : may at all times enter upon the land of the Common- wealth or of a municipality, corporation, or other owner or owners, and may use all reasonable means in carrying out the purposes of this act; and, in the undertakings aforesaid, ma}-, in accordance with the provisions of this act, expend the funds appropriated or donated therefor; but no expenditure shall be made or liability incurred in excess of such appro- priations and donations. Section' 4. Cities and towns by such public officer or board as they shall designate or appoint, shall, under the advice and general direction of said super- intendent, destroy the eggs, pupse and nests of the gj-ps}' and brown tail moths within their limits, except in parks and other property' under the control of the Commonwealth, and except in private propert)^ save as otherwise provided herein. When any citj' or town shall have expended within its limits cit)' or town funds to an amount in excess of five thousand dollars in any one calendar year, in suppressing gj'psy or brown tail moths, the Commonwealth shall reim- burse such citjr or town to the extent of fifts^ per cent of such excess above said five thousand dollars. Cities or towns, where one twenty-iifth of one per cent of the assessed valuation of real and personal propert)' is less than five thousand dollars, and where the assessed valuation of real and personal property is greater than six million dollars, shall be reim- bursed by the Commonwealth to the extent of eighty per cent of the amount expended by such cities or towns of city or town funds in suppressing the gypsy and brown tail moths in any one calendar year, in excess of said one twent\--fifth of one per cent. In the case of towns where the assessed valuation of real and personal property' is less than si.x million dollars, after they have expended in any one calendar year town funds to an amount equal to one twentj'- fifth of one per cent of their assessed valuation of real and personal property the Commonwealth shall expend within the limits of such towns, for the pur- pose of suppressing the gpysy and brown tail moths, such an amount in addition as the superintendent with the advice and consent of the governor shall recommend. Disbursements made by said last named towns in excess of said one twenty-fifth of one per cent shall be reimbursed by the Commonwealth every sixtj' days; but in the case of all others the Common- wealth shall reimburse cities and towns annually according to the provisions of this act. No cit>- or town shall be entitled to any reimburse- ment from the Commonwealth until it has submitted to the auditor of the Commonwealth itemized ac- counts and vouchers showing the definite amount expended by it for the purpose of this act; nor shall any mone)' be paid out of the treasury of the Com- monwealth to cities or towns, pursuant to the provi- sions of this act, until said vouchers and accounts ha\e been approved by the auditor of the Common- wealth. For the purposes of this section the years nineteen hundred and five and nineteen hundred and seven shall be considered half years, and the valuation for the year nineteen hundred and four shall be taken ^s a basis. Section 5. When, in the opinion of the superin- tendent, any city or town is not expending a sufficient amount for the abatement of said nuisance, then the superintendent shall, with the advice and consent of the governor, order such cit)' or town to expend such an amount as the superintendent shall deem neces- sary : provided, that no cit)' or town where the assessed valuation of real and personal propertj' exceeds six million dollars shall be required to expend during any one full year more than one fifteenth of one per cent of such valuation, and that no town where the assessed valuation of real and personal property is less than six million dollars shall be required to expend during any one full year more than one twentj'- fifth of one per cent of such valuation. For the pur- poses of this section the valuation of the year nineteen hundred and four shall be used. Any city or town failing to comply with the direc- tions of the said superintendent in the performance of said work within the date specified by him shall pay a fine of one hundred dollars a daj' for failure so to do ; said fine to be collected by information brought by the attorney-general in the supreme judicial court for Suffolk county. Section 6. The mayor of everj' city and the selectmen of every town shall, on or before the first day of November in each year, and at such other times as he or they shall see fit, or as the state super- intendent may order, cause a notice to be sent to the owner or owners, so far as can be ascertained, of ever)^ parcel of land therein which is infested with said moths; or, if such notification appears to be impracticable, then by posting such notice on said parcels of land, requiring that the eggs, pupie and nests of said moths shall be destroyed within a time specified in the notice. When, in the opinion of the mayor or selectmen, the cost of destroying such eggs, pups and nests on lands contig^uous and held under one ownership in a cit)' or town shall exceed one half of one per cent of the assessed value of said lands, then a part of said premises on which said eggs, pups or nests shall be destroyed may be designated in such notice, and such requirement shall not apply to the remainder of said premises. The mayor or selectmen may designate the manner in which such work shall be done, but all work done under this section shall be subject to the approval of the state superintendent. If the owner or owners shall fail to destroy such eggs, pupjB or nests in accordance with the require- ments of the said notice, then the city or town, acting by the public officer or board of such city or town designated or appointed as aforesaid, shall, subject to the approval of the said superintendent, destroy the same, and the amount actually expended thereon, not exceeding one half of one per cent of the assessed valuation of said lands, as heretofore specified in this section, shall be assessed upon the said lands; and such an amount in addition as shall be required shall be apportioned between the city or town and the Commonwealth in accordance with the provisions of section four of this act. The amounts to be assessed upon private estates as herein pro- vided shall be assessed and collected, and shall be a lien on said estates, in the same manner and with the same effect as is provided m the case of assessments for street watering. Section 7. If, in the opinion of the assessors of a city or town, any land therein has received, by rea- son of the abatement of said nuisances thereon uy said superintendent or by said city or town, a special benefit beyond the general advantage to all land in the cit\- or town, then the said assessors shall deter- mine the value of such special benefit and shall assess the amount thereof upon said land : provided. that no such assessment on lands contiguous and held under one ownership shall exceed one half of one per cent of the assessed valuation of said lands: ■3x\A provided, that the owner or owners shall have de- ducted from such assessment the amount paid and expended by them during the twelve months last pre- ceding the date of such assessment toward abating the said nuisances on said lands, if, in the opinion of the assessors, such amount has been expended in good faith. Such assessment shall be a lien upon the land for three years from the first day of January next after the assessment has been made, and shall be collected under a warrant of the assessors to the collector of taxes of such city or town, in the manner and upon the terms and conditions and in the exercise of the powers and duties, so far as they may be applicble. prescribed by chapter thirteen of the Revised ^.aws relative to the collection of taxes. Real estate sold hereunder may be redeemed within the time, in the manner, and under the pro- visions of law, so far as they may be applicable, set forth in chapter thirteen of the Revised Laws for the redemption of land sold for taxes. A person aggrieved by such assessment may appeal to the superior court for the county in which the land lies, by entering a complaint in said court within thirty days after he has had actual notice of the assess- ment, which complaint shall be determined as other causes by the court without a jury. The complaint shall be heard at the first sitting of said court for trials without a jur\- after its entrj-; but the court may allow' further time, or may advance the case for speedy trial, or may appoint an auditor as in other cases. The court may revise the assessment, may allow the recovery back of an amount wrongfully assessed which has been paid, may set aside, in a suit begun within three years from the date thereof, a collector's sale made under an erroneous assess- ment, may award costs to either party and may ren- der such judgment as justice and equity require. If, in the opinion of the assessors, the owner of an estate upon which an assessment, as aforesaid has been made is, by reason of age, infirmity or poverty unable to pay the assessment, they may upon appli- cation abate the same. Every city or town in ren- dering an account to the state auditor as provided for in section four of this act shall deduct from such amount as it has expended in excess of one twenty- fifth of one per cent or of five thousand dollars as provided in said section, tlie total amount it has received for work performed under section six of this act during the term covered by the account : provided, such worlv was performed under such conditions as require reimbursement in wlrole or in part by the state. Section S. To meet the expenses incurred under authority of this act, there shall be allowed and paid out of the treasury of the Commonwealth, during the period up to and including May first, nineteen hun- dred and seven, the sum of three hundred thousand dollars. Of this amount seventy-five thousand dol- lars may be expended during the calendar year nine- teen hundred and five; one hundred and fifty- thousand dollars, and any une.xpended balance of the previous year, may be expended during the calendar year nineteen hundred and six; and seventy-five thousand dollars, and any unexpended balance of the previous years, may be expended during the calen- dar year nineteen hundred and seven, up to and in- cluding May first. Section 9. An additional sum of ten thousand dollars in each of the years nineteen hundred and five, nineteen hundred and six and nineteen hun- dred and seven may, in the discretion of the state superintendent, be expended by him for experiment- ing with parasites or natural enemies for destroying said moths, and any unexpended balance of any year may be expended in the subsequent years. Section 1 0. Chapter two hundred and ten of the acts of the year eighteen hundred and ninety-one and sections one and two of chapter five hundred and forty-four of the acts of the year eighteen hundred and ninet)'-eight and section two of chapter fiftj'-seven of the acts of the year nineteen hundred and two, are hereby repealed. Section 11. A person who wilfully resists or obstructs the superintendent or an official of a city or town, or a servant or agent duly employed, while lawfully engaged in the execution of the purposes of this act, shall forfeit a sum not exceeding twenty- five dollars for each offence. Section 12. Valuations of real and personal propertj' of the year nineteen hundred and four shall govern the provisions of this act. Section 13. This act shall take effect upon its passage. {Approved May 8, iQOj. ] The following copy of the summary of the law is quoted from Bulletin No. I, issued by A. H. Kirk- land, superintendent, September 1, 1905: A SuMM.iRY of the Law. In the suppression of the g>'psy and brown tail moths, certain duties under the law devolve not only upon the Commonwealth but also upon cities and towns and upor citizens as individuals, .\ttention is hereby called to chapter 3SI of the Acts of 1905, which defines these duties at length and which is printed in full at the end of this bulletin. The following summary of the law is designed to give its salient points: — The g>'psy and brown tail moths are declared pub- lic nuisances and their suppression is required. A superintendent, appointed by the Governor, with power, subject to the Governor's approval, of ap- pointing agents and assistants, has entire general charge of the work of suppressing the moths. Cities and towns (under the advice and general direction of the superintendent, and by such agent as they may designate or appoint) are required, under penaltj- for neglect, to destroy the eggs, pupa; and nests of the g>'psy and brown tail moths within their limits: Exeepting that such work is not to be done by cities and towns on property controlled by the Com- monwealth ; nor is it to be done upon private prop- erty', excepting where the owners of the same fail to destroy the eggs, pupae and nests of the moths, in accordance with tl>e terms of the official notice to private owners, noted in the section here following: — The mayor of ever}- cit)' and the selectmen of every town shall, at suitable times, notifj' every owner of land located therein which is infested with the moths, requiring him to destroy the eggs, pupai and nests of the moths within a specified time. When the ma)'or or selectmen decide that the cost of such destruction (on lands contiguous and under one ownership) will exceed one-half of one per cent of the assessed valuation of the lands, then they may designate in the notice a part only of such lands on which the destruction shall take place. If the owner does not, as required by the terms of the aforesaid notice, destroy the eggs, pupa; and nests of the moths, then the city or town, subject to the approval of the state superintendent, shall de- stroy them, and shall assess upon such aforesaid lands the actual cost of so doing, to an amount, how- ever, not exceeding one-half of one per cent of the assessed valuation of the land. This amount, so assessed, shall be collected in the form of taxes, and constitutes a lien upon such lands. The assessors may abate the moth assessment in the case of any private landowner decided by them to be unable to pay it because of age, infirmity or poverty. Appeal to the county superior court, with special provision for prompt hearing, is provided b}- the statute for any person aggrieved by assessment on account of this work; provided a complaint is en- tered within thirty days of notice of such assessment. To meet the expenses incurred under its moth- suppression law, the Commonwealth has appropriated I300,(J0(I. Of this sum, $75,000 may be expended during 1905, 1150,000 (and any unexpended balance) during 1906, and 175,000 (and any unexpended bal- ance) during 1907, up to May 1, 1907, inclusive. For the purpose of experimenting with natural enemies for destroying the moths, |1 0,000 is addi- tionally appropriated for each of the years 1905, I9(j6 and 1907. 1. Cities and towns with valuation of real and per- sonal estate of $12,500,000 or more, having spent 15,000 in any one calendar year, shall be reimbursed annually 50 per cent ( one-half i of all further expendi- ture. 2. Cities and towns, with valuation less than $12,500,000 and more than 16,000,000, having spent an amount equal to one-twenty-fifth of one per cent of such valuation in one year, shall be reimbursed annually 80 percent (four-fifths) of all further expend- iture. 3. Towns with valuation less than 16,000.000, hav- ing spent an amount equal to one-twenty-fifth of one per cent of such valuation in one year, shall be reim- bursed once in sixty days for all further expenditure. After any town of less than 86,000,000 valuation has expended in suppressing the g>'psy and brown tail moths an amount equal to one-twenty-fifth of one per cent of its real and personal valuation, thjn tlie Commonwealth shall expend within such town such additional sum for suppression as the superintendent, with the advice and consent of the Governor, in such case shall recommend. No city or town with an assessed real and personal valuation of more than $6,000,000 shall be required to expend in the suppression of the moths, during any one full year, more than one-fifteenth of one per cent of such valuation. No town with an assessed real and personal valuation of less than $6,000,000 shall be required to thus expend during any one full year more than one-twenty-fifth of one per cent of such valuation. Whatever valuations of real and personal property- are referred to in the gypsy and brown tail moth sup- pression law, the valuations of 1904 are meant. Wilful resistance to or obstruction of any agent of the Commonwealth or of any city or town, while law- fully engaged in the execution of the purposes of the moth-suppression law, is forbidden under penalty. The Ma3-or of the City of Medford has notified the residents that they must comply with the law, and that failure to do so will not be tolerated. All but nine of the negatives used for the follow- ing half tone prints were taken by Mr. George W. Hersey, Medford, Mass. BROWX TAIL CATERPILLAR, GYP'^Y MOT H CAltKPILLAR. HOUSE OF L. TROUVELOT, WHERE THE PEST STARTED, GYPSY MOTHS AND PUPAS ON BOCK IN THE RUSSELL WOOD LOT. ih-'m t ». ■ ) V I WU.I.DW IUKE, FEI.LSWAY WEST, SHOWING KKMAI.E GYPSY MOTlls LAYING TllEIK EG( CIl AN HI.]-:!! l.Ol', FII.TON STRKET, .il'I.V l;t(l4, N E(i l.ECTK 1 1 THE SAME LOT IN 1905, AFTKK BEING CAHEI) FOR. 1 1 MKAIIY IIOISE, OOBNKH OF GOVKRNORS AND HALL AVIOMES, IN 11104, SHOWING A TRKE DEFOLIATED liY GYPSY AND BKOWN TAIL CATERPILLAKS. lURNING GYPSY MOTH CATKKPILL ABS WITH OIL BY MEANS OF CYCLONE BURNERS ON CHANDLER LAND, • FCTLTON STREET. CLEARING LAND OK GYPSY MOTH CATERPILLARS liY lURNINll Willi on,, FCLTON STREET. MKADY HOUSE IN l!)0o, SHOWING THE TREE AS IT API'EAKS WHEN KKEK FKOM GYPSY MOTHS. GANG OF WORKMEN WITIt OITFIT FOR HIRNING MOTHS WITH Oil,. riIANI>rEli I, ANIL GYPSY MOTHS ON TRP.E, GOLF GROUNDS, BORDER ROAD. as W ?j o ■0 01 » ts IS H ,.^^g^ r^' ! * ^.,,^^.r.^3^,,^ DEFOLIATED TREES OX ESTATE OF JOHN M. COPELAXD. Si PRESCOTT STREET, WEST MEDFORD. DEFOLIATKD TREES ON ROCK IIILE, LOOKING SOI'TH, LAND OK BROOKS T1 SOITIl SIDE OF TBKE ON CHANPLEK LAND, COKNEK BROOKS AND WINTIIROP STKIVI\(i IN VAIN TO ASCEND Till'. I'Ul:!:. STREETS. SHOWING MOTHS IjAnd in hear of chp;mical house, canal street, west medford. TKEE ON LAND OF FRANK E. CIIANDLEK, COKNEK BROOKS ANTl WINTIIHOI' STREETS, WITH ITS NOinil sllii: COVERED WITU GYPaY ANr) BROWN TAIL MOTHS BELOW THE HAND OF PUINTEK's INK WHICH PREVENlEi) THEIR FLliTUKK ASCENT. ■ . I K.'jXATJi O.N eon AUK STKELT. Zt?H SHOWING GYPSY MOTH EGG CI.rsTERS ON TREE AXI) CI'KBSTONE. THOMPSON KIDDEB ESTATE. FULTON STKEET. Kl LTON SPRING LAND, OFK KlI/l'ON STKEET. -'■\*\V-*; '^' gJ"-^'-*^ ■t»-T — l" l^ia^ ^m-*v'j.-*W TRKK ON ALI.STOX STRKRT, WKST MKTJFORn, SHOWING PITAS UNDER BCRT.AP AND GYFSY MOTHS ON TREE. *, TREE LOADED WITH APPLES BIT STUIPPEI) OF LEAVES, ON SIMPSON ESTATE, WEBSTER STREET. !-\ .N nUAlK l.AMi. I.IIIIKIM. Xlllll lOWAKH l'U(l>l'lxr PAKK. SECTION OF DUTTON'S WOODS BACK OF GOI.F GROUNDS; NEARLY ALL OF THE PINE TREES IN THE WHOLE WOOD LOT WERE KILLED BY SINGLE DEFOLIATION. CiULl- GKOUXDb FliUM liUKlJEK ROAD. ESTATE OF WII.I.IAM T. IlEBBINS, FOREST STREET, WITH WAI/nOH C. WKIGIIT's WOOD LOT IN ISACKGliOlND. WALTEK C. WKIGIIT's WOOUS ON FULTON STUEET. WALTKR C. WIUGTIT S WOOD LOT, FTLTON STItEICT, lOOKING Ndlnill-: STUIPPED OAK ON U. O. KIDUEK ESTATE, FOREST STREET. PINE TREE ON II. O. KIIlIIER ESTATE, FOREST STREET. TREE WITH LARGE Bl'NCHES OF PUPAS BETWEEN THE LOWER BRANCHES, STMMES' WOOD LOT, BORDER ROAD. t«^^ \VAI,TKli C. WRIGHT'S WOOD I.OT, DEFOT.l ATED BY MOTHS, FII.TON STRKKT, FliOM TIIK NOI!TII. WALTER C. WRIIillT S WOOD LOT, FULTON STREET, LOOKING SOlTriWEST. FAru AVEKAGK OF MANY TREES. i WAI/IEK C. WRIGHT'S NORTH WOOD I-OT, FROM FII.TON STREF.T. ACROSS TIIF. WALTER C. WRUillT LAND ON FULTON STREET WITH GEN. LAWRENCE'S LAND IN THE BACKGROUNI). iTRIPPRI) TKK?: ON SYNDICATE l.ANH ON (iOV EHNOIiS AVKNl'K. HOMESTEAD OK WAT.TKll V. WHKillT, FOKEST STREET, SHOWING APPLE TKEES IN 1904, BIT NEARLY ALL OF THEM ARE ON LAND OWNED liV MARY C. G. WEIGHT. APPLF, TREES COMPLETELY' STRIPPED ON LAND OF MARY" C. G. WRIGHT. KS? WALTER C. WKKJHT'S NOKTU WOOD LOT, 1)K KOLI AT H; I) BY MOTHS, FITLTON STREET, LOOKING SOUTHEAST. WALTER C. WRIGHT'S WOOD LOT, FULTON STRKET, NORTHWEST CORNER. ', ■■■ *?:■ ':>* . ' . .'s'^' '.^m^'/ TKEK IN RUSSELL WOOD LOT, WINTUKOP STKEET. APPLK OKCIIAKI) OF MARY C. G. WKKillT. KORKST STREET, WEST VIEW. WOOllS OK VVALTKK C. WKIOIIT. NEAR Uls. HOME. WEST SIDE OF FOREST STREET. GYPSY AND BKOWN TAIL MOTHS OX TREK ON LAN1> KAST OF FULTON STREET. CVr-iV Mdllls ANIi Bl NrHES of PIPAS on a pine TKEH in SYMMFs' wood I,0T on IlOHIiKIl KOAli. t*- -. J..,- APPLE OliCIlAKI) OK MARY C. G. WRIGiri', SOITHWKST VIE\ MITCHELL ESTATE, FOREST STREET. HIONJIAM STKKET, COKNKli OK CllESTEH AVKNUE, ■""*™"'?1 DKFOLIATEI) TKEES ON MYSTIC VAI.l.EY PAUKWAY. WEST MEDFORD. SMITH ESTATE. WOBIBN STREET. ' -r / ' if ft ''If* \"A ^ «V1>S\ MOTHS ON TREE IN TAUK KE.SEKVATION, WHITMORE BROOK ROAD. mi.I.SIDK I,()T OK HKNRY Ti. JACOBS, SAI,EM STREKT ANI> FKI.l.SWAT WEST. COKNEli OF CHERKY STREET AND FEI.I.SWAY WEST. PART OF A C'OI.ONV OF THOISANDS OF GYPSY AND BROWN TAIL CATERPIIXABS C«A^M,1^G ACROSS THF. BORDF,R ROAD, SHOWING A SKCTION OF AROUT A TIIOfSANI) FF.KT OF THE ROAD IN THE SAMF, CONDITION. l!()ri.F.\'Ai;l) TIIKATI'.IO. hK l.I.SW A > Wl^l. APPl.K THKH ON Al.liKHMA.N lIANf-COMS LOT, MONIMKNT STIUOKT, WEST M K UFOH 1). AI'FM.K, ilii;!': (IN A I.IIHUM .\X MAXSCOM's 1,0T. MOMMKNT SIUKF.T. l,(>A[>i:il Wnil l.l'Ud ITI'AS. I'UDDICTIVK OF :',t«i, 1)011 oA'i'ioui'n.i.AKs. ^^vgfe j afca a - ^ . ■a^f&t.} TRKES STRIIM'K1> OF TilKIK I.KAVK^t, METCAI.F I-AXI>, (iRERM.EA?' AVKNUE, FRONT OK l,OT. ^ku^iAv: jS^ ^^M^j^AMk H - y ^ METCAI.K LANO, CRKEN'LEAF AVKNTK. REAR OF H)'l'. liVl'sY MOTHS ON- TliKK ON WIIITMORK BROOK ROAD, M ETROPOMTAN PARK, ENOllill K J. - ■'^— ■ - OSGOOD WOOL> LOT, 1':AST OF FILTOX STIIKKI'. .f'^ 'J^' JOSHUA T. FOSTER KSTATE, KlVERSinK AVENIE, LOOKING SOITII. i o 3 c o o 3 o 1 >; t.; -JOO ij \ 1 i TREE IN STMMKS WOOIl LOT, OX BUKHEK KOAll, SUOWING CLUSTEKS. OF THE FUl'AS OF T1]E GYPsV MOTU. LOHAN AVKNIE, FHOM LOdAN PAKK, liOOKING NORTHEAST. IKVINO HOUSE I-OT, IBVING STREET. TBKK ON RI'SSTOT.T, AVOOT) I,()T. Kt^SSET,!. WOOD I,OT. EAST SIDE, WHOI.I.Y STRIPPED OF EEAYES HY TPE MOTHS. STRIPPED APPLE TREES ON CITY FARM. TREE IN RUSSEM, WOOD I,OT SHOWING OYPSY MOTHS LAYING THEIR EGGS. i I i,' \ Rt'SSET.I, WOOD LOT, SOl'TIIEAST COKNKK. THE MIDUI.E OK Hl'SSEM, WOOD I.OT, FROM THE EAST. TllF.r. ox BORDER KOAD, IN METRO Pol. ITAN I'AKK. SUnWINf: (i V I'SY AND BROWN TAIL CATERPII.I.AKS roVRRING ITS TRUNK AND SWARMING IN A DARK MASS SEVERAL FEET LONG AT ITS BASE. AI'PLF, TREE, IIOLTON STUEET, WEST MEIlKOKll f ' T"K^ ■iTKII'l'El) AI'l'LE TKEKS ON I,r)T IN liEAIi '>V IIILLSIUE SI'IIUOLHOUSE, TKEE WITIT «F.VKRAT. THOUSANDS OK CATERPILLAKS ON BOKDFK FOAD OPPOSnE TIWTT.R WOOP LOT, WHOSE FURTHER ASCENT WAS PREVENTED BY A BAND OF TANGLEFOOT. BORI>EK ROAD, NEAR WINCHESTER LINE. IIEKOI.IATEII Al'l'LE TREES ON D. H. BROWN I,OT, WYMAN STREET SIDE. A TREE ON THK ESTATE OF UOLAXI) HOPKINS, PLEASANT STREET, ARLINGTON. SHOWING EGG CLUSTERS OF TUE (iYPSY MOTHS. MIllDI.KSKX KKSERVATION', UOitDER KOAIl T(l WINCH K.STK H. ■"-r ■■mffrtliilTlltfcfil*- ^ II I— ^- J'.SSJi^ ^^T jrAb I'm UOKDKK KOAI), NKAU WINOUKSTKK lA^K, » sR:'.^■^.:i•S*■.•>^ TBKE WITH KGO CI.LSTERS ON LAND OK UKOIiGE F. MANNING, KOKErST STliEET. IlWyiOK WOOD LOT ox UO\ EKSORS AVENUE, LOOKING SOUTH, WHITE PINE TREES KILLED BY A SINGLE DEFOLIATION. BORDEK ROAD, SOUTH 8IDE. NEAR VIKW OF TREE ON SYNDICATE LAND, ON GOVUKNOBS AVENIIE, SHOWING TIIK I'l'l'AS CLUSTERS OF THE GYPSY MOTH. ~ -y. J APPLF. TRKi;> ON D. II. BKOWX LOT. ALI.STOK STRKKT. SAKAU FULLKK HOME ESTATE, WOBIRN STREET, ALE (IF THE APPLE TREES WERE STRIPPFP 1)F THEIR LEAVES. TIIEK ON WHITMORE IIHOOK ROAIJ IN METROl'OLITAN I'ARK. ^ .^7^ TKEE ON LANT) OF UKOKUK K. MANNING, FOKKST STKEKT, WITH KUU I'Ll ^^TEKS AND A MASS OF I'UPAS. FIFIEM) ESTATE, FULTON STBKET. \V. H. KERR S WOOIl I.HT. T OREST STREET. ■i'i!i';i', wnii Knn om'stkkk on Oakland street. ' \!r>»'!^^*g?ys^^^ifti!?^.;^i^u■&■w»5 * ^ftjay^S»>»j '^ fff. ^ .. ;'i tfgsgfc^t^ w«tMA^<:^^ ^ ».^?Ka!£^.J!? 5$t^4.,^ '■>&,>*» WHITE PINKS HACK OF IllK GDLF GROlNI>S WERE KILLED BY THE MlllllS IN I'.Hjrj I>WVEK WDOIl LOT ON ciOVEKNOKS AVENUE, LOOKING NOUTII. TUKK ON SYNIlICATE LAND WITH PVPAS AND EGG CLUSTERS. ; V 1 - / .. - SYNDICATE LAND, LOOKING EAST. SYNDICATE LAND, LooKINO NORTHEAST FROM PROSPECT PARK. llN THE I>. O. KIllllKU K^^l■A■l•| FOltKST S-IHKKT, A SKCTION OK A PINK IKl';!': CLUSTERS OF THE GYPSY MOTH. WIIKU IS I.OAlll'.li WITH KGG \ ! <» "■ w .,«€ I, kC . <* v^ 2 ^ "^ ».^^yS .»a..a..<-„.. .. V!ySlS»Sy7SA^j^K.. .-a-.^ . ..^ BACK OF I.ANE I-OT FROM WOBT'BX STKF.ET. LANK LOT. ItHOOKS STKFET. TKKF. l)X ClIKimV STRKKT SIIOHINI! (iVPSY ITI'AS AXI) TUK MOTHS tAYIXG EG6S. \ ^'JL.-'-.,. -'AlaSt- -l^ O.N ASA LOCKR'S KSTATE, UIDGF. STKKKT, IN WINCHKSTEU, A TREE COVRREI) WITH EGG CLUSTERS OF THE GTPSY MOTH. i ■ TREES ON THE CONTIN ;• ATION OF GOVERNOKS A\ENrK IN THE METKOPOIJTAN PARK. ic^t^VH^ i'Maut^^i^^Mit^^Ai^-^i^J^ >.j»^^^^,w«^^Am, 'i^*' A„,r„'---^- ^-'■■'^■'.. PINES IN NORTHEAST CORNER OF GOI.F GROINDS, LOOKING NORTH. •]-HKI-: ON |.-()1,:s()m'.S lot, Al!I,I\(iTOX STRKl'-.T. \VI XCIIKSTK U, C'0\ EKEII WITH GYPSY MOTH EGG CLISTKHS IN OEORGE I.OCKE's wood I.OT, IN WINCHESTER, A TREE THOROUGHIA' COVERED WITH GYPSY MOTH EGG CLUSTERS. IN HENDERSON S OKCIIAKD ON KIDGE STKEET, IN WlNCllESIKK, AN APPLE THKE SlloWlNO }< E»TS UK GYPSY MOTHS. A SAMM.K 01' THKKS IN UIOOKUIO [.IIC'KF.'.S WOOII LOT IN WIN CH KSTKli. o IX UKNDEKSON's 0KCHAK1>, in WIXCUKSTKU, AN APPLE TKEE WITH MASSES OF GYPSY MOTH EGG CLUSTERS. 00 CATERPILLARS IX IflOO. ^-^WT^^M.'^ A TREE SHOWING PUPAS AND EGG CLUSTERS, IN BURLINGTON, NEAR THE JOHN CUMMINGS ESTATE IN -n-OBURN. ON LAND OF LOUIfiK BACON, 20::! PLEASANT STREET, WOBUKN. A TKEE SHOWING PUPAS AND EGO CLUSTEKS. NEAR THE JOHN Cl'MMINGS ESTATE, IN WOBURN, IS A TREE IN HVRLINGTON WITH ITS TRUNK AND BRANCHES COVERED WITH THE EGG CLUSTERS OF THE GTPSY MOTH, CAPABLE OF HATCHING HALF A MILLION OF CATERPILLARS. AT COKNEK OF MONTVALE AVENUE AND 2nI) .STREET, IN WnBl'RN, A TREE COVERED WITH THE PUPAS AND EGG CLUSTERS OF THE GYPSY MOTH. ANOTUER TREE OOVEREI> WITH EGG CIA.STERS, IN liURLINGTON, NEAR THE JOHN CI MMIN(iS ESTATE IN WOBURN. THE EGG CLUSTERS ON THIS THEE CAN PRODUCE OVER 350,000 CATERPILLARS NEXT SPRING. 1 M^HiiB^^Br 'f" KET^ m "V, ■^Eii'^'^ ■! 1 ^^^^|H^^^^ %« ' 4 >vi "' 1 1 ^P*^^& ix>* ayi^jHH MifeB ."^ ^liKLi*& - '~%jS ^ ^ ^^vj m^. ^^r^^^H^^^B^Sfl Hi .£& 1..^ rij.r5.*^^'3 N A LKIJIJK WITH PlIPAS AND K(i(i CLUSTERS ON THE ESTATE OF ROLAND HOPKINS, PLEASANT STREET, ARLINGTON. TKEK WITH IH'PAS AXI) EGG CJjUSTEKS OX IPIIAM STItKKT, MEI,KOSE. TKEE STUMP AND I.EIKJE, IlIclll.AM) ANK.NLK, AUI.IXUTOX, SlIOWISG KGG CI.rsTEK.S AND A MASS OF THE PIPAS OF THE UYPSY MOTH. A TKEB ON THE CORNER OF MYSTIC AND .SL'JUMER STREETS, IN WYOMING, SHOWING THE PUPAS AND EGG CLUSTERS OF THE GYPSY MOTH. GYPSY MOTHS ANU THEIR KGG CLUSTERS ON A PINE TREE ON THE U. O. KIIJDEU ESTATE, FOREST STKEET. A LARGE WIIITK PINE TKEE NEAKI.V TIIHEE FEET IN DIAMETER ON THE ESTATE OF I., o. KIIlOKli, FOKEST STREET, WAS KILLED BY A SINGLE DEFOLIATION BY GYPSY CATERPILLARS AT WORK ONLY A FEW DAYS. ON THE CITY OF MEUFOKD S LAND. OX EI,M STREET. AX APPLE TKEE STIUPPEI) OF ITS RETAINED ITS CROP OF APPLES. LEAVES BY MOTHS AN OAK SlIRfB SIX FEET IX HEIGHT, ON SYXDICATE LAXU, HAS THIETY-EIGUT BKOWX TAIL XESTS, WHICH, AT 250 PEE NEST, CONTAIN "J, 500 BROWN TAIL CATERPII.LAKS. SECTIONS OF LIMBS SHOWING GYPSY MOTH PUPAS AND EGG CLVSTEES. THE GYPSY MOTHS LAY EGG CLUSTERS NOT ONLY ON THE TRUNKS OF TREES BUT ALONG THE BRANCHES, SO THAT TREES ARE SOMETIMES BESPKCKLED WITH THE CLUSTERS. THE UNDERSIDE OF A StJUIRREL's NEST SHOWING ENOUGH EGG CLUSTERS TO PRODUCE OVER 15,000 GYPSY MOTH CATEBPII.I.ARS. ANOIIIEU si^lIRRKI/s NEST GOOD FOR lo,OOU CATERPILLARS. f ■iPf:CIMF,N OK A GYPSY MOTH KGG CLUSTER LAID OX A LEAF, WHICH SHOWS A COMMON PRACTICE OF THE GYPSY" MOTH. THK PUPAS AND 110 EGG CLCSTERS ON THE FOUR INSIDE SURFACES OF A VENTILATOR CLEARLY SHOW THE DISPOSITION OF THE GYPSY" MOTH CATERPILLARS TO CRAWL INTO ALL SORTS OF HIDING PLACES TO GO INTO THE PUPAL STATE AND OF THE FEMALE GTPST MOTHS TO LAY THEIR EGG CLUSTERS IN SUCH PLACES. X ^ 2 o ^ > a H z S -^ a 5 T ^ f ►J- t^ o >> o o s d d f cc e H >T) a a (► o S w TUK lit') KGO t'l.l'STKRS ON ■tilK INSIDE OF THE VENTH.ATOK COl'LD PRODUCE 34.8U0 CATERPILLARS AND LEAH THE OWSKR OF THE PROPERTY TO STATE THAT THE C ATKRPILLARS MIST HAVE COME FROM HIS NEI«HB0R"'S PREMISES. J % ^^ •mm>i J_^. _l AS ENLARGED VIEW OF THE EGG CLUSTERS ON ONE OF THE SIDES OF THE VENTILATOR, SHOWING FOBTT-TWO EGG CLUSTERS ON A SECTION FORTY-ONE INCHES LONG, WHICH CAN PRODUCE 12,600 CATERPILLARS. I \ d-^- A PEAR TREE ON THE CORNER OF MAIN AND HANCOCK STREETS, IN MEDFORT), IN BLOOM OCTOBER 25, 1905, WITH FORTY-THREE BROWN TAIL MOTH NESTS CONTAINING AT THE ESTABLISHED AVERAGE OF 250 PER NEST 10,270 CATERPILLARS. w O X O S 5 S 31 2 o H ■ -1 ::- S a a ^ * 5 a o o ^ 9 z o K ^; 'i: i.' ^y Ju^- • U A WHITE OAK TREE ON TlIK BOUOKii KOAH, IN AVINC71 ESTER, HAS 420 BUOWX TAIL M„TH > KSTS CONTAINING 10o,50l.) CATERPILLARS ANXIOUS TO JOIN THE TRAVELING PUBLIC As TIIEY PASS NEXT SUMMER. *""' rn^'xr/vL-T'^n- -n ^■^^•"""■«'-- '^'■"■■^KT, IX woh.kx, auk s.-fck..,;]. with 42:i niu.w.v tah. moth nk«ts, CONTAIM^O lOo.loO CATKHI.II.LAKS, AX IMPKNI.IXG CALAMITY WUICH SHOCM. AKOrSE TIIK RESIDKXTS OF THAT LOCALITY TO A LIXELY SENSE OV TUEIK KESPOX.SIIilLlTY. A TRIPLE WHITE OAK TREE AT 123 HIGHLAND AVUNtlC, IN WINCHESTER, HAS 315 BROWN TAIL MOTH NESTS CONTAINING 78,750 CATERPILI,ARS, A SUFFIGIEN'!' Nl'MBKR TO INTEREST THE DWELLERS IN THAT VICINITY IN DUE SEASON. 'ylOif.^-^ ON A HEn OAK TREE AT :W1 MAIN STKEET, IN WINCIIKSTEK, 312 NESTS OF BROWN TAII, MOTMs WERE COL-NTED NOVRMBICR 21, 190'), WlllCir CONTAIN OX TIIH ESTAliLISlIEI) AVERAGE OF 250 CATERPILLARS PER NEST, 78,000 CATERPIT.T.ARS. THIS FACT MAV PROVE INTKRESTINU TO THE OCCUPANTS OF THE lUII.DINC INimi! Till'. IliF.E NEXT Sl'MMBB. A WHITE OAK TREK ON CLARK STKEKT, IN WINCUESTKK, HAD, ON NOVEMBER 21, I'JUO, 414 BROWN TAIL MOTH NEST.S CONTAINING 103,500 CATERPILlAKs WAITING THH COMING OF SPRING TO TORMENT THE NEIGUBOUIIOOD. II, OF ASA LOCKK, IX WINCHKSTKK, TUKRE Is A SliCKKL I'KAK TREE I,OAl>KD WITH PKAUS, BUT STUIPPi;i» OF LKAVKS IIY nROWX TAIL MOTU CATERPILLARS HATCIIETl IN Jl'LY I.AST. ;^:rA 9 !306 I I