. / 
 
 R « V 
 
 >y 1 r 
 
 . t 
 
 AN ADDRESS 
 
 ^^'t^P^ 
 
 AT THE 
 
 Reopening of Pardee^Jall, 
 
 LAFAYETTE COLLEGE, 
 
 NOVEMBER SO, 1880. 
 
 BY 
 
 FRANCIS A. MARCH, LL.D., 
 
 Professor of the English Language and of Comparative 
 Philology in Lafayette College. 
 
 WITH AN APPENDIX 
 
 CONTAINING A REPORT OF OTHER ADDRESSES AND THE GENERAL 
 PROCEEDINGS OF THE DAY. 
 
 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES. 
 
 E ASTON, PA 
 
 1881. 
 
iilliiii^ i(Vi iW'«A',,\:ii:i'' 
 
AN ADDRESS 
 
 AT THE 
 
 Reopening of Pardee Hall, 
 
 LAFAYETTE COLLEGE, 
 
 NOVEMBER SO, 1880. 
 
 BY 
 
 FRANCIS A. MARCH, LL.D, 
 
 Professor of the English Language and of Comparative 
 Philology in Lafayette College. 
 
 ^A^ITH AN APPENDIX 
 
 CONTAINING A REPORT OF OTHER ADDRESSES AND THE GENERAL 
 PROCEEDINGS OF THE DAY. 
 
 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES. 
 
 EASTON, PA. 
 1881. 
 
t g%> 
 
 imV7 YORK PUBL. LXT^P., 
 
 /■ 
 
ADDRESS 
 
 FRANCIS A. MARCH, LL.D., 
 
 PROFESSOR OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPARATIVE 
 PHILOLOGY IN LAFAYETTE COLLEGE. 
 
 We meet to-day as friends of education, and, therein, lovers 
 of our country and of our race, to celebrate the completion of 
 this Hall of Science — Pardee Hall — and to honor its founder. 
 
 Addresses of welcome and of thanks have been made ; ad- 
 dresses of congratulation are to follow. This address is to set 
 forth in a summary manner the uses of the hall, the nature of 
 its equipment and apparatus, and the part they play in edu- 
 cation. And such is the magnitude of the building and the 
 extent and variety of its apparatus that a discourse upon them 
 is really a discourse upon the general topic, " The buildings 
 and apparatus of the modern college." 
 
 If we explore the East Wings of Pardee Hall, we shall 
 find them full of the apparatus of manipulation. Work-rooms 
 for the department of mechanics and physical laboratories are 
 the main features of the first and second floors. The third and 
 fourth floors are occupied by the department of civil engineer- 
 ing. They are stored with instruments for work in the field, 
 and fitted up for industrial drawing and office-work. In another 
 part of the building there are rooms for other kinds of drawing, 
 and laboratories for work in botany and natural history. A 
 separate building is devoted to the laboratories of chemistry, 
 and another to the astronomical observatory. 
 
 All good teachers now-a-days try to have the study of 
 books accompanied with continual exercises of practice. It is 
 
 3 
 
4 ADDRESS OF PROFESSOR MARCH. 
 
 not enough for the student of mechanics to read and compute ; 
 he must put together, handle, and run real machines. The 
 student of engineering must shoulder his instruments and use 
 them in the field. It is little for the students of chemistry to 
 read and remember that water is a compound of oxygen and 
 hydrogen. Each one for himself must take the water apart 
 and manipulate the oxygen and hydrogen with his own hands. 
 The student of botany must pick the petals from real flowers 
 with his own fingers. The mathematician is always doing sums. 
 The study of language goes on to the accompaniment of tongue 
 or pen, and grammar-work for beginners consists for the most 
 part in preparing papers of problems illustrating the laws of 
 speech. 
 
 The necessity for this continual manipulation is plain from 
 the nature of language. Words are artificial signs, and do 
 not in themselves give knowledge of objects. We are made 
 aware of this when we hear words in a strange tongue, or fall 
 among the sesquipedalian monsters with which our modern 
 books of science swarm. But it is just as true of the simplest 
 words of the mother-tongue. The child hears the words papa, 
 water, laugh, kiss, repeated in connection with those objects and 
 acts until the sound of the word makes it think of the object or 
 act. The sounds convey no knowledge, but only suggest the 
 knowledge it had before. Words are signs of complex ideas. 
 A person to whom only a single element of an idea is known 
 may yet use the word for it with popular correctness, and un- 
 derstand a little of what is meant by a sentence in which it 
 occurs. Words and sentences are therefore what we make 
 them to ourselves. They are nothing, or full of great mean- 
 ings, according to the furnishing of our own minds. The 
 school-boy who repeats a passage from Webster or Bacon 
 does not necessarily repeat in his own mind the thoughts of 
 Webster or Bacon. One of Bacon's essays has been read by 
 a school-boy as a composition of his own. The lad did not 
 see anything in it which he could not have written himself. 
 
 It should be further remarked of the nature of language that 
 it lags far behind the progress of thought. The innumerable 
 judgments on which sagacity depends are comparatively few 
 of them ever expressed in the formal speech of artificial signs. 
 
RE-OPENING OF PARDEE HALL. 5 
 
 The old furnace-man tells from the look of the bubbles that 
 the charge of steel is becoming ready, but he has no name for 
 that look. The engineer puts down breaks at a peculiar noise 
 in the engine as instinctively as his eyelids close when a fly 
 approaches, but he has no name for the noise. All processes 
 of reasoning need signs, but original thinking and practical 
 sagacity demand the use of primary signs in place of the sec- 
 ondary signs of language. The book-boy who early soars in 
 words, the shadows of the thoughts of others, when he comes 
 to an age to produce for himself and act for himself cannot find 
 his proper sphere in the actual world ; he fades from sight. 
 He was more than a boy at ten ; he is less than a man at 
 thirty. Manipulation is necessary to arrest this sublimation 
 of the mind, and to make up the short-comings of speech. 
 
 Its most general use is to keep the mind awake and alert. 
 Lectures are apt to go in one ear and out the other. The 
 printed page passes before the eye like a shadow. We set 
 ourselves to think, but we brood. The current of the mind 
 often turns a stagnant pool. The thought returns on itself 
 and passes in smother, as Lord Bacon says. To study with- 
 out pen in hand is to dream. In manipulation thought passes 
 into act, we use our hands and eyes ; we are kept busy ad- 
 justing and controlling material objects. 
 
 The manipulator stores his mind with conceptions of the 
 senses, with information from the eyes, ears, nose, the finger- 
 tips, the muscles, and the meters of science, those magnified 
 senses. Without these firm roots men are poor sapless things. 
 
 Manipulation trains the organs of perception and practice, 
 the eye of Herschel, the thumb of Phidias. Chemistry, bot- 
 any, mechanics, drawing, afford most effectual gymnastic of 
 manipulation. They make a new man of the clumsiest. Pre- 
 cision, purity, dexterity, grace, are their gift. The flout which 
 George Herbert transmits to us, that " the German's wit is in 
 his fingers," might well be turned to a plaudit. Sir Gareth is 
 a goodly figure in the Morte d'Arthure, in that he has "the 
 fairest and largest hands that ever man saw ;" and some one 
 has characterized the Anglo-Saxons as the race with more 
 nerves in their hands than there are in the heads of an- 
 other race. 
 
6 ADDRESS OF PROFESSOR MARCH. 
 
 It gives clear and distinct ideas. The complex ideas of 
 modern science to which the technical terms must guide us 
 are the result, for the most part, of wide generalizations. They 
 are obscure and indefinite to every man until he has often ap- 
 plied them to real objects. The exact meaning of the botan- 
 ical terms which denote the shape of leaves — and there is 
 nothing simpler — cannot readily be told except by actually 
 seeing numbers of leaves. Motion in a completed curve needs 
 to be produced and exhibited to the eye. There must also be 
 a clear conception of every element of the object and processes. 
 In reading or exposition we dwell on important points and 
 neglect minor matters, which are yet essential. In manip- 
 ulating, every detail must be attended to. To select the ob- 
 jects named in a formula, and put them in the relations named 
 so as to produce the proper results, clears up the meaning of 
 every term of the formula, since error is a failure. 
 
 This process of minute attention and verification strengthens 
 the memory. Once worked out is faster in mind than ten 
 times learned. The affections of the senses redouble the inner 
 memory. The recurrent force of muscular and nervous habits 
 is added. A long verbal description often in fact belongs to a 
 movement that is comprehended in a single stroke of the eye, 
 or other brief experience, which the memory holds without 
 effort. 
 
 The memory is lively also as well as strong in bringing up 
 matters which have been manipulated. The will seems to at- 
 tach itself specially to them and give them something of its 
 own activity and freedom. They spring promptly to mind 
 when needed. The difference between just knowing a thing 
 so that you can think it up if you are questioned and have 
 time, and knowing it so that it will come itself without effort, 
 clear and bright, is like the difference between drudgery and 
 genius. 
 
 But a greater advantage of manipulation is that it trains the 
 judgment. The reduction of theory to practice cannot be an 
 exercise of mere memory. There is judgment in determining 
 the real object and facts to which the theory will apply ; and 
 then there are the hundred unformulated little matters which 
 must be decided in each particular case — problems and diffi- 
 
RE-OPENING OF PARDEE HALL. 7 
 
 culties connect(?d with the material, its conditions, its relations 
 to heat, friction, and other unnamed disturbances. All these 
 compel the intelligent manipulator to extricate himself from 
 the meshes of popular speech and the traditions of the books, 
 and lead him to examine facts at first hand, and to be at one 
 with the powers he uses. 
 
 And finally, the manipulator is in training to become an in- 
 ventor and a discoverer. We cannot probe that vital point 
 v/here the infinite and finite meet in the personality of the man 
 of creative genius, but there are two sayings about its mode 
 of manifestation which are specially worthy of remembrance. 
 The first is the old Greek proverb, " Genius is the daughter of 
 memory ;" the other, the hint of Newton that there is a certain 
 style in the operations of the Divine Wisdom, in the perception 
 of which pliilosopliical sagacity and genius seem chiefly to con- 
 sist. A mind well stored with the powers and forms of the 
 world, which has caught the style in which these powers work 
 and these forms combine, is likely to create according to Nature 
 — to invent, to discover. But the manipulator has this well- 
 stored mind, and since he continually watches the trains which 
 real forces move in and the combinations which they actually 
 make, it would seem that his ideas would be prone to move in 
 accordant order, and that he, if any one, would catch the style 
 whose last secret no one may comprehend. 
 
 These remarks suggest the usefulness of apparatus of manip- 
 ulation to students of all branches of science and art, but per- 
 haps it is most useful to those who are intending to become 
 doctors of medicine or engineers. Every lover of the race 
 must rejoice over any well-considered attempt to supply the 
 means of uniting theory and practice in the education of our 
 physicians and engineers, that they may give us more health 
 and wealth, and kill and beggar us as little as may be. The 
 Johns Hopkins endowment of a medical school in Baltimore, 
 whose essential feature is a general hospital in which all the 
 students are to have actual practice before they receive their 
 diplomas, is the carrying out of a similar thought to that 
 which guides the earlier study of chemistry and toxicology 
 and physiology in our laboratories. 
 
 But it would seem that the engineers most of all demand 
 
8 ADDRESS OF PROFESSOR MARCH. 
 
 special, long-continued preparatory practice. The objects with 
 which they deal are peculiar. Large numbers of persons grow 
 up without ever having had sight of a machine of any com- 
 plexity, except, perhaps, a glimpse of a locomotive, and with- 
 out ever having examined the make and action of any. They 
 cannot follow the transfer of power from wheel to wheel of the 
 commonest machines, and in a great shop their heads clatter 
 and buzz and their eyes swim, and it takes longer to learn 
 to walk safely among the belts and cogs than to keep out 
 of the way of the omnibuses in New York. But a good en- 
 gineer ought to take up a shop into his consciousness as 
 simply and completely as a shepherd does his staff or Sir 
 Lancelot his horse and arms. The inexorable conditions of 
 economy make it necessary that the engineer should know all 
 working machines and their products. The costliness and per- 
 fection of existing machinery make it a primary question for 
 every new work or tool, How can it be put together from the 
 best and cheapest products of the old machines? The great 
 inventors work for the most part from ideas stored in early 
 youth. Their materials must come to the mind without effort, 
 haunt it in spite of effort, as do the lively impressions of youth. 
 So young Shakespeare stored his fancy with the skies and earth 
 and waters of Stratford ; so Bunyan his, with the sloughs and 
 meadows of Bedford. Nor was it less necessary that Newton 
 should watch the millwheels and clocks and dials of Grantham, 
 and that his young brain should teem with the constructions 
 of geometry and the series of universal arithmetic. As the 
 liveliness of youth passes away, the senses cease to store new 
 objects, the forms of the imagination are fixed, the judgment 
 begins to run in ruts. The morrow ceases to bring fresh woods 
 and pastures new. It is of no use to try to work in strange 
 beats. It would seem, then, that the best education of an 
 engineer must include early and continual familiarity with 
 machinery and its working. 
 
 It is said, however, that this working in laboratories, this 
 perpetual manipulation, this study of particular facts or of 
 second causes scattered, narrows the mind, makes men good 
 perhaps for their own alley, but incapable of comprehensive 
 plans or the wider views of science — that it makes the men 
 
RE-OPENING OF PARDEE HALL. 9 
 
 of whom Bacon says, " A little philosophy inclineth men's 
 minds to atheism." 
 
 That there is some truth in this view has long been recog- 
 nized by the physicians and engineers. And as these pro- 
 fessions year by year come to the consciousness of their own 
 importance and dignity, their more eminent members are more 
 and more earnestly advising aspiring young men to take a 
 course of liberal learning in addition to the courses of a pro- 
 fessional school. But many difficulties arise. The time and 
 cost block the way. The long interruption by a course of pure 
 culture may be a bad break. It has been attempted here to 
 combine the courses. The technical studies are begun at 
 once, but they are pursued in connection with other branches, 
 and the students are made regular members of the college 
 classes and societies, and share in the general cultivation and 
 learned habits and associations of college life. 
 
 But we have dwelt long enough among the laboratories. Let 
 us pass over to the Western Wings of the Hall. Here we 
 find the apparatus of the classificatory sciences — mineralogy, 
 botany, natural history, geology. Room beyond room, here 
 are marshalled cabinets and collections of minerals, plants, 
 and animals. Here the student is to learn the uses of all 
 natural objects, and those relations of each to all others which 
 tell us where to find them. He learns where to look for gold, 
 where for pyrites, and where for coal and iron; what plants 
 grow in what places, and what animals with them ; what inter- 
 dependences are to be found among all the creatures. He may 
 here learn to frame schemes of production or traffic which in- 
 clude the world. 
 
 We have seen that manipulation, laboratory-work, gives 
 acuteness and penetration. Studies of classification give sub- 
 tlety and comprehension. The reason is awakened to its most 
 vigorous exercise. As it constructs the types of species and 
 genera and compares them with natural individuals, it learns 
 that there are real kinds in nature, and that thinking out the 
 truth in classification is rethinking the thoughts of God. And 
 in certain rare spirits, brooding over these collections of facts 
 and feeling the joy of translating fact into truth, the love of 
 
10 ADDRESS OF PROFESSOR MARCH. 
 
 truth for its own sake arises, and once and for ever takes pos- 
 session of the soul. 
 
 It is true there are persons famihar with these natural ob- 
 jects and groups who say that there is nothing but matter in 
 the universe. It is plain, however, that man and other animals 
 act upon experience and purpose. But matter has no memory 
 nor purposes. The brain of every creature returns to dust as 
 it was, and it cannot be told of any atom of carbon to-day 
 whether it has gone through all the motions in the bodies 
 of all the animals, from protoplasm to the brains of Newton, 
 or has been lying in a coal-bed through all the ages. Ex- 
 perience and purpose belong to mind. 
 
 The production of organized structures is also seen to be a 
 working upon experience. The natural series of species is like 
 a series of inventions. Even those curious facts which most 
 obtrude the material relations between them are first fully inter- 
 preted when referred to mind. Just as the buttons behind a gen- 
 tleman's coat show that its pattern came from one who was fa- 
 miliar with coats on which the buttons were needed to support 
 a sword, so rudimentary organs in natural structures show that 
 their framer was familiar with similar structures in which the 
 organ has use. 
 
 But they say that our senses give nothing but matter, that 
 science knows nothing of causes, except as sensible ante- 
 cedents, and that atoms of matter come to be matter plus mind 
 by development. 
 
 John Stuart Mill once suggested that there might be worlds 
 in which it should be regarded as an axiom that two and two 
 are five. I have often pleased myself with imagining myself 
 in such a world, putting* pairs of twos together and always 
 finding five. And I have wondered whether it would be im- 
 possible to convince the inhabitants of such a world that two 
 and two are not five, but that two and two are four, and the 
 fifth one is thrown in. However it might be with them, it is 
 hard to believe that in our world any system of thinking can 
 long prevail which uses as its first law of induction, "Two and 
 two are five (if you give them time enough)," and which accepts 
 the Tenterden steeple as a fundamental law of logic. On the 
 contrary, we may still repeat with all confidence the familiar 
 
RE-OPENING OF PARDEE HALL. I I 
 
 words of the prophet of inductive science, of which we were 
 reminded in the laboratories: "A h'ttle philosophy inclineth 
 man's mind to atheism, but depth in philosophy bringeth 
 men's minds about to religion ; for while the mind of man 
 looketh upon second causes scattered, it may sometimes rest 
 in them and go no further; but when it beholdeth the chain 
 of them confederate and linked together, it must needs fly to 
 Providence and Deity." 
 
 We pass on to the Centre of the building. Here, as of 
 right, are the library, collections of art and antiquities, lecture- 
 rooms for history, social science and language, the society halls, 
 and the great Auditorium. With these should be counted in 
 other buildings, other lecture-rooms for languages, the Greek 
 room, and all the rest ; and the Reading-Room, dear to all 
 students of Lafayette. 
 
 These may be called apparatus for the study of man and for 
 training for the mastery of men. Here are laboratories of 
 mind. Here are cabinets of thought. And these must 
 always be the main part of the apparatus of education. The 
 study of other things, of plants and animals and minerals and 
 machines, will vary with the varying needs and fashions of 
 each generation and each country. Man is the one object 
 which is always the study of man. 
 
 Knowledge of men, and power to control them, are the 
 most universally useful knowledge and power. Training in 
 penetrating the thoughts of others, and in presenting thought 
 so as to rule the minds of others, is the most universally useful 
 training. Language is the chief scholastic apparatus for this 
 training, and the study of languages in books is the natural pre- 
 liminary, accompaniment, and supplement to all other studies. 
 
 The interpretation of a difficult passage in a foreign language 
 makes the nature of this training plain. We recall or look up 
 the general meanings of the words, and analyze them for special 
 meanings which will fit together. We beat every bush to start 
 every possible meaning. The judgment is summoned to detect 
 the wrong meanings and verify the right. We apply the rules of 
 construction. We discriminate every particle and form, and every 
 synonym. We grasp and hold large ranges of context. We 
 
12 ADDRESS OF PROFESSOR MARCH, 
 
 run over and over the general train of thought. We peer into 
 every corner for clues. We seek to examine every passage of 
 our author, or of other authors, in which any of the words or 
 thoughts recur. We collect and invent various readings. We 
 resort to the library, and, if need be, to the cabinets and lab- 
 oratories. We get up the whole subject-matter, the central 
 persons and facts, and the whole environment. We scrutinize 
 them in the light of psychology and of all science. Whatever 
 of observation, imaginative reproduction, invention, acuteness, 
 subtlety, and comprehension we are capable of, is called into 
 lively exercise. This is the training most needed by the learned 
 professions, and it is never amiss to any man. Eminent spe- 
 cialists who study nature and not language are often more 
 happy in elaborating their own views than in catching the 
 views of others. Two persons converse, and they think they 
 understand each other, but there is nothing in which there 
 is a greater difference between a trained and an untrained man. 
 You spend an hour trying to expound your thought to an un- 
 trained man, and at the end he only knows, or thinks he knows, 
 that you agree or do not agree with him ; but talk half that 
 time to an old lawyer, or priest, or professor of Greek, and he 
 knows you better than you know yourself. 
 
 Nor is it to be forgotten, in estimating the value of the study 
 of language or in approving methods for its study, that mas- 
 tering it is of the highest value as a mastering of valuable 
 thought. The ability to enter into the thoughts of great 
 thinkers makes the advantage of an American over a Zulu, 
 Books are the best tools of every workman. The youth who 
 might of himself have nothing better to do than to watch the 
 birds and beasts to snare or kill them, is able by means of 
 our English language to enter into the thoughts of the great 
 and wise of all ages. 
 
 In the history of man is also to be found material for the 
 study of Providence. He who in the laboratories and cabinets 
 has recognized an intelligent order in the world may here find 
 evidence of a moral purpose, and in the later and better days 
 in which Christianity has been the great power of history, evi- 
 dence that love and justice are at one. Bibles and catechisms 
 are a goodly part of the college apparatus. 
 
RE-OPENING OF PARDEE HALL. 1 3 
 
 Year by year these studies grow in proportional importance. 
 Investigations in archaeology and philology are pushing the 
 history of man farther and farther back continually. Man is 
 continually pushing forward. The libraries are the arsenals of 
 the army of progress. Here are the trophies of its past victories. 
 Here are the weapons for future conquests. We have just been 
 having an era of inventions of labor-saving machinery, of which 
 the most remarkable result is the improvement of means of 
 communication. Steam-motors and telegraphs bring alT men 
 near together. We are entering, with little observation, upon 
 a revolution of social organizations almost certain to be great- 
 er than the world has known before. Private corporations, 
 whether for wealth or for power or friendship, stretch their 
 arms around the world, and thousands of men distributed all 
 over the earth are moved as easily as a corporal's guard. The 
 irresistible power of organization is fully recognized in com- 
 mercial projects. It is just as plain in politics. Out of this 
 confused appearance of struggling corporations and asso- 
 ciations and parties which our modern life presents, one por- 
 tentous fact is emerging. Every organization must have a 
 head, and the larger the organization the more absolute the 
 necessity. Our largest organizations must have one head — 
 and a good one and a permanent one — for the proper running 
 of their machinery. The present state of matters in this re- 
 spect is so new that language does not yet furnish us with 
 words to designate these persons and things with courteous 
 recognition, but the instinct of the people has found them out, 
 and the masses have become as familiar with bosses and rinsrs 
 and the machine as with anything else in our great cities. Our 
 good people are still hoping that all these unnamables will 
 vanish. We ought really to be training youth to be the right 
 sort of heads of organizations ; it is high time for our cor- 
 porations to develop souls. Science is now embracing man 
 within its scope and studying the laws of his action and or- 
 ganization. Already many important branches of social and 
 political science are developed, and the extent of the apparatus 
 used in investigating and illustrating them, and the number of 
 the professors required to teach them, are so great as to call 
 for a national university. 
 
14 ADDRESS OF PROFESSOR MARCH. 
 
 To a national university must also be remitted the adequate 
 apparatus for historic study of the fine arts. 
 
 The society halls are a qiost important part of the apparatus 
 of a college. Here the students unfold their thoughts to each 
 other and sharpen their wits in friendly combats. Thus they 
 prepare themselves for the battle of life. 
 
 And here in the Auditorium is given the opportunity for the 
 expression of their best thoughts, in sympathy with the great 
 masters of English speech, under the glow of public decla- 
 mation, the supreme effort of the life of a college student. 
 
 What are to be the products of the college apparatus? 
 Men, of course, but what kind of men ? The scholar of the 
 old time, the man of perfect culture, trained to all feats of 
 mental activity, ready in all branches of knowledge, always 
 under control, strong, alert, and graceful, the delight of all men 
 and women, — some specimens of this kind may perhaps be 
 produced. 
 
 The scholar of to-day, eager for progress, devoting himself 
 to some specialty, and therein enlarging the bounds of human 
 knowledge and power, — this apparatus might be used for him. 
 That would be a poor college which should not number such 
 among its children. But knowledge is now built so high that 
 special powers as well as the devotion of a life are needed to 
 make advances. It would be hardly right to organize the 
 studies and direct the methods of college-work to the devel- 
 opment of men of genius or the instruction of incipient pro- 
 fessors in archaeological learning. The great purpose must be 
 to prepare our youth to discharge the duties of good citi- 
 zens in those professions or occupations requiring special prep- 
 aration — to make good preachers, lawyers, doctors, chemists, 
 teachers, journalists, engineers, merchants, master-workmen in 
 every good work, and heads of every good organization in 
 Church and State. 
 
 One thing more : manhood is good in itself and everywhere. 
 Students are, first of all, living souls. On a college campus 
 all paths lead to the college chapel. To pray well is to study 
 well. It has always been the pride of colleges and univer- 
 sities that they give their scholars a professional spirit, a 
 
RE-OPENING OF PARDEE HALL. 1 5 
 
 recognition of a brotherhood of scholars, who have learned to 
 look on the possession of truth, the welfare of man and other 
 intelligences, and the harmony of the world, as higher objects 
 than any selfish pleasures or any private good. This character 
 has been developed for the most part by religious teaching 
 and by instruction in literature, the records of noble thoughts 
 and acts which poets and orators have expressed in noble lan- 
 guage — the grand old masters of Greece, and Rome, and Pal- 
 estine, whose immortal voices echo through the corridors of 
 time, and not less the nearer and dearer and greater masters 
 of our own blood and language, utterers of that noble modern 
 thought which makes noble modern men. Familiarity with 
 these thoughts and acts, and with these inspiring forms of 
 speech, kindles like thoughts in the minds of youth. And it 
 must be remembered that each generation begins at the begin- 
 ning in character as well as knowledge, and has to learn high 
 ideals for itself Machinery has material existence, and the 
 knowledge and use of it live, but culture, nobleness, dies with 
 each generation. A nation may lapse into moral idiocy in 
 the rhidst of material greatness. A perfect course of training 
 for professional workers, which should take them young to 
 their own special fields, would yet not wholly engross them 
 there, but would give them time and room for daily con- 
 verse with the noble and the beautiful in history and art, 
 and for the enjoyment and mastery of language and literature, 
 to the end that they may become noble men as well as great 
 powers. 
 
 The general structure of a modern college building is cha- 
 racteristic. It suits well with the ample gymnasium near it, 
 and grounds prepared for athletic exercises, and rows of stu- 
 dents' homes. The halls of the universities of Europe have 
 been the theme of many an eloquent description. Too often 
 they are enchanted palaces of the poets, fabrics of beauty only 
 to the fancy — really, a hive of cells, cold, damp, dark, stifling, 
 deadly to live in. This Pardee Hall is a fair and stately struc- 
 ture. Its rooms are large and lightsome. By arts unknown 
 of yore, and at a cost that would have staggered princes, floods 
 of fresh air warm and grateful pour up perpetually all through 
 
1 6 ADDRESS OF PROFESSOR MARCH. 
 
 it to meet the bountiful expanses of windows and fill it full 
 of sweetness and light. 
 
 It is one of the felicities of architecture that its works are 
 adopted by Nature. This beautiful hall is henceforth of one 
 family with the hills around us ; not naked and alone, but robed 
 and garlanded with these green slopes, this glorious sky, and 
 all the wondrous beauties of earth in the midst of which it 
 stands. 
 
 And it is a still higher felicity that it may receive a conse- 
 cration, a light that never was on sea or land, from associa- 
 tion with high thoughts and noble deeds. One such associa- 
 tion is alive to-day in all our thoughts, and will live as long 
 as these walls stand. It is put on record for all the genera- 
 tions of Lafayette in the following action of the Faculty : 
 
 Whereas, It has been held seemly to honor intelligent 
 munificence, and for Christian scholars to tenderly preserve 
 the memory of promoters of science and learning, and for 
 learned foundations to have set times to honor their founder 
 and cherish his grateful remembrance ; and 
 
 Whereas, The celebration of such deeds of munificence is a 
 powerful means of inciting youth to imitate them, and of train- 
 ing them up to all those liberal acts and thoughts which are 
 the fruit of the highest culture ; therefore — 
 
 Resolved, That to-morrow, the 2ist day of October, being 
 the first anniversary of the formal opening and dedication of 
 Pardee Hall, the usual lectures and recitations be suspended, 
 and the day marked by appropriate exercises ; and that here- 
 after the Wednesday following the 2ist day of October in each 
 year be recognized as the anniversary of the founding and gift 
 of Pardee Hall, and that it be set apart forever by Lafayette 
 College, its Faculty and students, under the name of Founder's 
 Day, as a day of commemoration of the founder, Ario Pardee. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 The following Report of the Exercises at the Re-opening of 
 Pardee Hall, Tuesday, November 30, 1880, is taken from the De- 
 cember Number of the Lafayette College jfournal : 
 
 Tuesday, November 30, 1S80, will ever be a red-letter day in 
 the calendar of Lafayette. It was a joyous occasion in itself, and 
 the general rejoicing was to many blended with grateful recol- 
 lections of October 21, 1873, when the first Hall was dedicated 
 amid one of the greatest outpourings of the people that Easton 
 had ever witnessed, and probably the largest assemblage of the 
 Alumni and friends of the College from abroad that had ever been 
 known. These rejoicings were heightened, too, by the recollec- 
 tion of that sad night in June of last year when the multitudes 
 looked In silent grief upon the devouring flames that left Pardee 
 Hall a mass of blackened ruins, and doubted whether the noble 
 building, which was the pride of the College and of the town, 
 would ever be restored. And now that the stately edifice had so 
 speedily risen from its ashes in the same beautiful proportions, and 
 even rendered more complete by many improvements in the recon- 
 struction, the citizens of Easton and the Alumni and friends of the 
 College felt the thrill of a more exuberant joy even than at the 
 first dedication.^ 
 
 And never was there a happier combination of all that could 
 make a November morning bright and cheery. Providence seemed 
 to smile upon the day. Tuesday came between two days of storm, 
 upon either of which it would have been impossible to carry out 
 the programme which had been arranged. The snow-storm of 
 Monday had robed the hills and valleys in white, adding rare 
 beauty to the marvellous view from College Hill, which always 
 awakens the enthusiasm of every beholder. 
 
 The streets of Easton were early astir with crowds of men, 
 women, and children. Over night the town had been filled with 
 strangers, and the early trains were crowded with visitors, who 
 thronged the streets, and, climbing College Hill, passed the morn- 
 ing hours in visiting the various College buildings or in enjoying 
 the magnificent landscape spread out before the beholder on the 
 brow of the hill, and which has been so well described by the 
 graceful pen of Ik Marvel. 
 
 2 17 
 
1 8 APPENDIX. 
 
 At 10.45 ^he President of the United States and his distinguished 
 party arrived in a special car from Washington. An immense 
 concourse of people had assembled at the Phillipsburg depot and 
 in the large open square adjoining, who greeted with loud and en- 
 tluisiastic cheers the arrival of the train. Besides President Hayes, 
 there v/ere in the car from Washington his son, Mr. R. P. Hayes ; 
 Hon. Alexander Ramsey, Secretary of War ; Hon. Horace May- 
 nard, Postmaster-General ; Gen. W. T. Sherman ; Hon. A. D. 
 Hazen, Assistant Postmaster-General ; Hon. John Jameson, Super- 
 intendent of Railway Mail Service ; Hon. John Eaton, United 
 States Commissioner of Education and President Gilman of Johns 
 Hopkins University. The distinguished guests were briefly and 
 informally welcomed by the Governor of Pennsylvania and the 
 President of the College, with a Committee of eminent citizens of 
 both political parties who had united to show respect to the 
 chief Executive of the nation. The Committee consisted of the 
 Hon. Henry Green, of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, a 
 graduate of Lafayette, Class of 1846; Hon. O. H. Meyers, Class 
 of 1847, President Judge of the Northampton County Court ; James 
 K. Dawes, Class of 1862, President of the School Board of Eas- 
 ton ; E. J. Fox, Esq. ; E. E. Hemingway, President of the Borough 
 Council; Gen. Frank Reeder ; Hon. William Beidelman, State 
 Senator elect ; and the Hon. William Mutchler, Member of Con- 
 gress elect. 
 
 The Presidential party, with the Committee of citizens, was soon 
 seated in open carriages, and passed through the bridge and up 
 Northampton street, which was thronged with a vast multitude, 
 the houses on both sides being profusely and tastefully decorated 
 with the national colors. 
 
 It was the first time within the memory of the present generation 
 that a President of the United States had visited Easton. Some of 
 the older citizens recalled the visit of Martin Van Buren, w^ho 
 passed through Easton in 1839 on his way from Harrisburg to 
 New York. But President Hayes had come from Washington for 
 the express purpose of making this visit, and as he came with no 
 political, nor even any private or personal, object in view, but to 
 honor the dedication of the great Hall which is, as we have before 
 observed, the pride of the Borough as well as of the College, all 
 parties joined to show him respect, and amid loud huzzas and the 
 ringing of the church-bells the cortege wended its way slowly 
 through the surging crowd. A pleasing feature of the day was the 
 gathering of the children of the public schools upon Third street, 
 
RE-OPENING OF PARDEE HALL. 1 9 
 
 under the direction of their teachers and Superintendent Cottinghani. 
 President Hayes arose in his carriage and remained standing until 
 the carriage had passed the long line of nearly two thousand chil- 
 dren, bowing repeatedly as the cheers went up from the great throng. 
 The view from College Hill, looking down Third street, reminded 
 the beholder of the grand procession, gay with flags and banners, 
 that seven years ago filled Third street, and reached half a mile 
 beyond, on its way to the dedication services of the first Hall. 
 
 Arriving at the brow of the hill at the entrance of the College 
 grounds, the carriages passed through the ranks of the students, 
 who were there marshalled under their own officers. The President 
 bowed and received from the students loud cheers, ending with the 
 famous tiger La-fa-yette ! which he heard then for the first time. 
 The ranks of the students were then closed in solid column, and, 
 marching at the head of the carriages, they escorted the party to 
 the northern entrance of the Chapel, where the procession had 
 already been marshalled by Prof. Youngman in the following- 
 order : 
 
 The College Band. 
 The escort, consisting of the officers of the Senior Class, officers of thf> 
 Junior Class, officers of the Sophomore Class, officers of 
 the Freshmen Class. 
 The President of the College and the Orator of the Day, with the Pres- 
 ident of the Trustees and Mr. Pardee. 
 The President of the United States and the Governor of Pennsylvania ; the 
 Secretary of War and the Postmaster-General ; the Assistant Postmas- 
 ter-General and the President of the Alumni Association ; the 
 United States Commissioner of Education and the Superin- 
 tendent of Public Instruction in Pennsylvania ; the Mod- 
 erator of the General Assembly and the Moderator 
 of the Synod of Philadelphia. 
 The Trustees of the College, with representatives from the Trustees of 
 
 other Colleges. 
 The Faculty of the College, with representatives from the Faculties of 
 
 other Colleges. 
 The Board of Examiners of the Pardee Scientific Department, with the 
 Alumni Committee of Examiners. 
 The Alumni in order of graduation. 
 The President and Members of the Easton School Board, with the Pres- 
 ident and Members of the Borough Council. 
 The Clergy, 
 Other learned professions, including the Press. 
 Citizens of Easton and visitors. 
 Undergraduates in the order of classes. 
 
 Alighting from their carriages, the distinguished visitors took the 
 places assigned them, and the procession immediately moved on 
 
20 APPENDIX. 
 
 to the Hall, where it was halted and massed upon the terraces sur- 
 rounding the broad platform at the main entrance. President Cat- 
 tell, advancing to the edge of the broad flight of stone steps, said : 
 
 Seven years ago, upon this very spot, Mr. Pardee placed in my hands 
 the keys of the noble building which he had erected for the benefit of the 
 young men of the country. You know its subsequent history. You know 
 that it was destroyed by fire in June of last year; that it has been rebuilt 
 according to the original plans, except where experience in the use of the 
 building suggested improvements; and that to-day we have come here to 
 dedicate it. I have endeavored to get Mr. Pardee to make a speech on 
 the occasion, but the fact is that I find it easier to get him to give now 
 and then a hundred thousand dollars to the College than to persuade him 
 to make an address ; but I wish to state in this public manner that not a 
 dollar has been expended in the reconstruction of the Hall except that 
 which has been furnished by Mr. Pardee. (Applause.) As Mr. Pardee 
 begs to be excused from speaking, I have the honor of introducing to you 
 an old student at Lafayette College, Hon. Henry M. Hoyt, the Governor 
 of this Commonwealth. 
 
 Governor Hoyt was loudly cheered as he appeared in front of 
 the platform. In the«course of a brief speech, intended to introduce 
 President Hayes to the crowd, he humorously referred to " the 
 delightful kind of adversity, the chastening kind of prosperity, with 
 which Lafayette College had lately been visited. The people of 
 the neighborhood, the presidents and professors of other colleges, 
 and the magnates of the nation, were present, and it was good to 
 gather under this bright facade to congratulate and bless Ario 
 Pardee." (Cheers.) Governor Hoyt then introduced Mr, Hayes, 
 saying that the President had borne testimony to that strength and 
 beauty which education lends to the American nation. 
 
 President Hayes stepped forward to the edge of the broad steps, 
 and, baring his head in the bright sunlight, responded to the ap- 
 plause of the delighted assemblage with several stately bows. 
 When the cheering had subsided, the President, in a clear, strong, 
 ringing voice, that easily carried his words to those on the outskirts 
 of the gathering, spoke as follows : (For the report of the Pres- 
 ident's speech, and of several that follow, we are indebted to the 
 account of the proceedings which appeared in the New York 
 Tribune of the next day. — Eds. Journal.) 
 
 Mr. President, Governor Hoyt, Ladies and Gentlemen : In our 
 country and in every republic it is the business of the Government to edu- 
 cate its citizens in the duty of citizenship ; indeed the Government of this 
 country is in the citizen, and it will be a good government just in propor- 
 tion as the citizens have good education. (Applause.) The best govern- 
 ment under a republic will be that with the best education. Ignorant voters 
 
RE-OPENING OF PARDEE HALL. 21 
 
 are powder and ball for the demagogue. Therefore it is that from the be- 
 ginning Washington and Jefferson and the Fathers all urged upon the peo- 
 ple on every suitable occasion the importance of popular education. 
 
 But there is something beyond this — beyond that which is necessary 
 merely to make good citizens. There is that higher education which can 
 be furnished only by the college, the university, the scientific school ; and 
 those institutions our Government does not in any large degree aid. The 
 exceptional cases are West Point and the Naval Academy ; but for the rest, 
 for that higher education, which every people must have that is to be really 
 great and renowned, we must look to the benefaction and voluntary con- 
 tribution of the wealthy citizens. They, fortunately, have the wisdom and 
 generosity to found institutions like these. Wealthy men understand that 
 in no way can they do such good to those who are to come after them — in 
 no way can they build to themselves such a monument that will preserve 
 gratefully their memories in future generations — as by endowing a college, a 
 university, a scientific school. (Applause.) Therefore, my friends, we are 
 here on this occasion to do honor to the man who has set an example. 
 (Applause.) And what an example it is ! He has not waited for the time 
 of his last will and testament, and the uncertainties which my friends the 
 lawyers here perfectly understand. (Laughter.) He does it while he is 
 alive and can see that his wishes are properly carried out and the work well 
 done. Let us then say that you and I, and all of us, are spending our time 
 well to-day in contributing something to honor this example, which, we 
 hope, is often again and again to be followed in our country hereafter. 
 (Applause.) I thank the President and those connected with the institu- 
 tion for their kindness in inviting me to be present. I am glad to be here, 
 glad to join with you in saying " God bless Mr. Pardee !" (Loud applause.) 
 
 The concluding words of President Hayes's address led to loud 
 calls for Mr. Pardee, and Dr. Cattail with some trouble found him 
 in the crowd behind the Presidential party, and brought him for- 
 ward, Mr. Pardee saying to him, " You have brought me out, but 
 very little you will make of me." The appearance of this great 
 benefactor of the College was of course the signal for prolonged 
 cheering, but Mr. Pardee, after bowing his acknowledgments, only 
 said : 
 
 I rejoice with you that we can again look upon this building completely 
 restored, and even improved for its work ; but Dr. Cattell is wrong in say- 
 ing that it is my money that rebuilt it. It was through the wise forethought 
 of the Trustees, in keeping up an ample insurance, that we have to-day 
 the Hall restored to the College. 
 
 As Mr. Pardee retired amid the renewed cheers of the great as- 
 sembly, Dr. Cattell hastened forward to explain : 
 
 The citizens of Easton had contributed liberally to the equipment of the 
 building, and so had some other friends of the College, but for the recon- 
 struction of the building itself not one dollar had been received from any 
 other person than Mr. Pardee. It was upon the original Hall, built and 
 
22 APPENDIX. 
 
 equipped by him for the College at a cost of $300,000, that this ample in- 
 surance had been made. The Hall as it stands to-day is, therefore, equally 
 with the original building, his gift to the College. (Prolonged cheering.) 
 
 As he concluded there were loud cries for " Sherman ;" and 
 General Sherman came forward as if to speak, but, to the great 
 disappointment of the gathering, merely bowed and retired. 
 
 Secretary Ramsey was next introduced as one of the old La- 
 fayette students. " I am not so old as you think I am," he jocularly 
 remarked, and amid the hearty laughter this evoked made way for 
 Postmaster-General Maynard, who, after being formally introduced, 
 made a short but effective address. Hon. A. D. Hazen (Class of 
 1863), Assistant Postmaster-General, was loudly called for, but did 
 not appear. 
 
 The procession was then re-formed by Professor Youngman, and 
 mounting the stone steps entered the Hall. Soon every seat in the 
 great auditorium was filled, every inch even of standing-room upon 
 the ground floor was occupied. The galleries, which had been re- 
 served for the ladies and their escorts, were of course crowded to 
 their utmost capacity. Those who had entered the new building 
 for the first time, and who remembered the magnificent auditorium 
 of the old Hall, looked eagerly around, but a glance assured them 
 that the new was in no respect inferior to the old : in some things — 
 notably in the frescoing and in the movable cushioned seats — there 
 was a great improvement, and everybody pronounced it a great 
 success. 
 
 After the audience had become quiet the prayer of dedication 
 was offered by Rev. William M. Paxton, D. D., of New York City, 
 Moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 President Cattell then introduced the Orator of the Day, Francis 
 A. March, LL.D., Professor of the English Language and of 
 Comparative Philology in the College. He said : 
 
 During the fall term of my first year at Lafayette as Professor of An- 
 cient Languages — this was in 1855 — the Faculty found it necessary to ask 
 the Trustees for an additional teacher. We had heard of a young scholar 
 of great promise, a native of Massachusetts, but then residing in Fred- 
 ericksburg, Va., and we persuaded the Executive Committee to appoint 
 him Tutor in Ancient Languages. He entered at once upon his duties 
 — at a salary, I believe, of $400 — and heard the Freshmen recite in one 
 of the old basement rooms of the College, then known as "the Tombs." 
 I always claim to have been the first to find out that the Tutor knew more 
 Latin and Greek than the Professor. (Laughter.) Others soon found it 
 out too — my claim is only that of being the original discoverer (renewed 
 merriment) ; and I said to the Trustees that if we both continued in the de- 
 
RE-OPENING OF PARDEE HALL. 23 
 
 partment of Ancient Languages our places should be reversed. But the 
 situation was relieved after a year or two by promoting the young Tutor tc 
 a department of his own — one that placed the English language, as a col- 
 lege study, upon the same footing as the ancient languages. This was a 
 new departure, not only for Lafayette, but for any American college. Of 
 course our mother tongue had been studied here and in other colleges, but 
 it was more as a part of Rhetoric, Belles-lettres, etc. than as a language, 
 and we claim the honor of being the first college to erect the English lan- 
 guage into a department of its own, uniting with its study that of Compara- 
 tive Philology. This, I need scarcely add, is now done in most colleges of 
 high rank. (Applause.) 
 
 This is not the time nor the place for me to speak of the most friendly 
 and intimate relations that have, without interruption, existed between my 
 colleague and myself as both of us have steadily grown older during this 
 quarter of a century ; but I may say here, what all scholars know, that he 
 has come to be a recognized authority in Philology even in the oldest univer- 
 sities of Europe, and that his great learning reflects honor, not only upon 
 this College and upon this country, but upon the age in which we live. 
 (Applause.) 
 
 It is this great scholar, Dr. Francis A. March, who will now address you. 
 
 The readers of the jfournal need not be told of the enthusiasm 
 awakened in the audience as the honored Professor advanced to 
 the front of the platform and laid his manuscript upon the read- 
 ing-desk. It was long before the applause subsided and he could 
 commence his address, which he read in a clear, distinct voice, 
 plainly heard by every one in the great Hall, the stillness of the 
 vast audience being broken only by the applause which greeted 
 many passages and the prolonged cheering at the close of the 
 address. 
 
 At the conclusion of Professor March's address (which is given 
 in full in the preceding pages), President Cattell read telegrams 
 from the Hon. William A. Wallace and the Hon. J, Donald Cam- 
 eron, United States Senators from Pennsylvania, and from Gover- 
 nor George B. McClellan of New Jersey, regretting their inability 
 to be present. A round of applause greeted the reading of a tele- 
 gram in Latin from Rev. Dr. McCook of Philadelphia, addressed 
 to " President Cattell and his boys." Dr. McCook's interesting and 
 instructive lectures upon Darwinism were among the last public 
 exercises held in the old Auditorium. Dr. Cattell also referred to 
 the Fair held by the ladies of Easton, in November last, in aid 
 of the equipment of the building, and said that the amount real- 
 ized, about twenty-six hundred dollars, had been appropriated 
 toward the furnishing of the beautiful room in which they were 
 assembled. The benediction was then pronounced by the Rev. 
 
'24 APPENDIX. 
 
 Wallace Radclifie of Reading, Moderator of the Synod of Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 An opportunity was then afforded, for all who so desired, to be 
 introduced to President Hayes, the arrangements being under the 
 direction of the Committee of Citizens. 
 
 Promptly at two o'clock were thrown open the doors of the 
 Geological Hall, occupying the fourth and the fifth stories of the 
 central building, and of the large drawing-rooms of the Civil and 
 Mining Engineers in the east and west lateral wings, communi- 
 cating with the Geological Hall. These spacious rooms had been 
 tastefully decorated by the ladies of Easton, and tables were spread 
 for over five hundred guests. The readers of the Journal^ who 
 are familiar with the Lafayette Commencement dinners, need no 
 word of ours to be assured of the elegant and abundant provision 
 that was made, nor of the grace and beauty of the fair ladies who 
 did the honors of the occasion. 
 
 At the table at the south end of the room were seated at the 
 right of President Cattell the President of the United States, at his 
 left the Governor of Pennsylvania. The other places wei"e occu- 
 pied b}' Mr. Pardee ; Secretary Ramsey ; Postmaster-General 
 Maynard ; General Sherman ; Major-General Robert Patterson, 
 President of the Board of Trustees ; Hon. John Eaton, LL.D., 
 United States Commissioner of Education ; Hon. James P. Wick- 
 ersham, LL.D., Superintendent of Public Instruction in Penn- 
 sylvania ; Traill Green, M. D., LL.D., Dean of the Pardee Sci- 
 entific Department and the venerable David Thomas of the 
 Board of Examiners in the same ; Hon. H. G. Fisher, President 
 of the Alumni Association ; W. A. M. Grier, Esq. (Class of 1856) ; 
 and E. J. Fox, Esq., of the Citizens' Committee. On the opposite 
 side of the table sat Dr. Paxton, Moderator of the General Assem- 
 bly ; Rev. Wallace Radclifl:e, Moderator of the Synod of Philadel- 
 phia ; William Henry Green, D. D., LL.D., of Princeton Theo- 
 logical Seminary; Chaides A. Dickey, D. D., Chairman of the 
 Committee of the Philadelphia Ministerial Association ; S. C. Lo- 
 gan, D. D., of the Committee of Synod ; President Gilman, LL.D., 
 of Johns Hopkins University ; President Lamberton, LL.D,, of the 
 Lehigh University ; Hon. William E. Dodge of New York ; Hon. 
 John L Blair of New Jersey ; ex-Senator Cattell of New Jersey ; 
 Hon. A. D. Hazen, Assistant Postmaster-General ; and Mr. Hayes, 
 son of the President. Near these were grouped some of the 
 Trustees of the College : C. D. Wood, Esq., of New York City, 
 Chairman of the Finance Committee ; Rev. J. H. M. Knox, D D., 
 
RE-OPENING OF PARDEE HALL. 25 
 
 Hon. Thomas Dickson, Judge Alfred Hand, Mr. T. L. McKeen, 
 Mr. James W. Long, Rev. S. T. Lowrie, D. D., and Rev. N. S. 
 McFetridge ; while at the other tables throughout the three rooms 
 were seated many scholars and eminent men in Church and State. 
 It is safe to say that there has .rarely been gathered at a literary 
 festival in any American college such a distinguished company. 
 
 The divine blessing was asked by the Rev. J. W. Wood, D. D., 
 the oldest ministerial graduate of the College now living. 
 
 After ample justice had been done to the elegant provision by 
 the guests, who were gracefully served by the ladies, the whole 
 company arose and sung the long metre Doxolog}^ Those who 
 had occupied the tables in the east and west wings crowded into 
 the main hall, filling every available inch of standing room. The 
 galleries had been reserved for the ladies of the Dinner Association 
 and their friends. 
 
 Dr. Cattell then introduced President Hayes in the following 
 words : 
 
 In introducing to you the President of the United States, I beg to express 
 to him for his presence at these exercises the thanks, not only of the friends 
 of this College, but of all friends of education and all lovers of our country, 
 for in paying this tribute of respect to the cause of the higher education, 
 the President has given another proof that he has at heart the interests of 
 the country. I beg also to add that it is well for all college students and 
 young men throughout the land, and for the country whose future is so 
 closely bound up with theirs, that we have a Chief Magistrate of the nation 
 who adorns his high place by wise statesmanship and scholarly abilities, 
 and — what is more and better — by a character so pure that the young men 
 of our country may well take it as a model upon which to form their own. 
 
 President Hayes upon rising was greeted with loud cheers. He 
 said : 
 
 If on any occasion I could depart from the rule which I laid down for 
 myself long ago, it would be on this occasion. I am greatly gratified by 
 your kindness, and have enjoyed the visit very much. But long ago I 
 thought it would be best not to make speeches after dinner (laughter) ; and 
 so, my friends, I wish you to consider that I have said all that it would be 
 fitting and suitable for me to say on this occasion. Following the example 
 of my predecessor in the Presidential office, I will say, therefore, that it 
 gives me great pleasure to yield the rest of my time to a former student of 
 your College, Secretary Ramsey. (Applause.) 
 
 As Secretary Ramsey arose he was received with prolonged ap- 
 plause, which, as he proceeded in an easy and genial way with 
 reminiscences of his life at Lafayette, was frequently renewed, the 
 old students of the College embracing the opportunity to testify 
 their admiration of their former companion, whose career as Gov- 
 
26 APPENDIX. 
 
 ernor, Senator, and Cabinet officer had been so brilliant. He 
 spoke as follows : 
 
 I can understand very well that on an ordinary occasion the President 
 of the United States might well decline to make an after-dinner speech, 
 because on ordinary occasions there is generally a good deal of wine circu- 
 lating (laughter) ; but here we have been drinking pure water and tea and 
 coffee, and I really cannot see, therefore, why my friend is afraid to make 
 a speech. (Renewed laughter.) At a dinner where the wine flows in 
 abundance it might be a little indiscreet for a man to make a speech, 
 and no doubt the President has adopted this rule because of his past 
 experience in that regard. (Laughter.) I respect the President for the 
 habit he has acquired ; but having taken nothing but a cup of tea on the 
 present occasion, I feel none of his reluctance. 
 
 The President was kind enough to say that I was a former student of 
 this college. How long ago you do not want to know. If I should tell 
 you, you would not believe it. I appeal to the ladies whether a man as 
 fresh and hearty-looking as I am could have been a student here in 1834. 
 (Laughter.) But we are here to-day to inaugurate this grand Hall — one 
 which every man in the country, and especially Pennsylvanians, will be 
 proud of— the munificent gift of one great public benefactor. (Applause.) 
 The world everywhere may be proud of such a man. One who has done 
 so much for his country, for his community, and for his friends is entitled 
 to the favorable consideration of the whole country. (Applause.) I have 
 no doubt, my friends, you esteem him in that regard. Surely, he is richly 
 entitled to it. 
 
 This ancient institution of Lafayette College had not this noble building 
 when I was here in '34. And that reminds me of a statement made to me 
 by a member of the Senate of the United States, who accompanied the re- 
 mains of Charles Sumner to Boston. When we passed by the magnificent 
 buildings which constitute Harvard College, he said, "What are those 
 buildings ?" — "Harvard College," was the reply. — "All those buildings ?" — 
 "Yes." — " Why," said he, " I graduated at Centre College, Kentucky, and there 
 were only four rooms in the whole college !" This shows the changes thathave 
 come round in the years passed. No man who was here when I was, and 
 saw the rustic character of this institution and its surroundings, could ever 
 have anticipated, in the remotest degree, the magnificent condition in which 
 you are now. At that time, when I stood upon this bleak and naked hill, 
 the population of all these United States was only fifteen or sixteen millions, 
 and the population of New York was but 250,000. Then we had no tele- 
 graph, and the first railroad was but started in that year. At that time no 
 President of the United States had ever crossed the Mississippi River, and 
 now, within three months, I have seen a President of the United States 
 bathe in the broad waters of the Pacific Ocean. (Laughter.) That makes 
 it for ever and ever an American sea. (Renewed merriment.) Everything 
 has wonderfully grown since 1834, and by the diffusion of education the 
 people have been largely benefited, and therein have been able directly to 
 help forward this cause. 
 
 The Secretary continued for some time in the same happy vein, paying a 
 high compliment to the State of Minnesota, which, he said, " has wonder- 
 
RE-OPENING OF PARDEE HALL. 2/ 
 
 fully developed in population and resources, within the last few years. 
 When I first went there the whole population of the Territory, exclusive of 
 Indians, was not four thousand. At the last election the State cast not far 
 from 100,000 votes. Let me advise the young men here who are looking 
 toward the West to settle in the great and growing Commonwealth of 
 Minnesota, where, however low the temperature without may be, our 
 homes and hearts are always warm. (Great applause.) 
 
 Dr. Cattail then made another ineffectual attempt to get a speech 
 from Mr. Pardee. Great cheering of course followed the mention 
 of his name, but Mr. Pardee only said that it was useless for him at 
 this late day to assume the character of a public speaker. Prov- 
 idence had denied to him this gift ; and, thanking the audience for 
 their courtesy, he sat down amid renewed applause. 
 
 Governor Hoyt was the next speaker. In introducing him 
 President Cattell said that " of all the distinguished occupants of 
 the Governor's chair in Pennsylvania, no one was more in place 
 in such a company of scholars and statesmen than Governor Hoyt. 
 He nobly represented ' the scholar in politics.'" The Governor 
 was loudly cheered, and began his speech by some pleasant rem- 
 iniscences of the three years he had spent at Lafayette. He further 
 said : 
 
 "The foundation of the greatness of this College was laid fifty years ago 
 in the obscure labors and loving toil of its first President, Dr. George Junkin ; 
 and God spared the patriarch to a good old age that he might see, at 
 least in part, the fulfilment of his heart-cherished hopes for the College. 
 Every stone of the plain but substantial building that crowned the hill, and 
 which for so many years was the only college edifice, was laid in the prayers 
 of the good doctor." He then gave a humorous account of the circum- 
 stances that led to his leaving Lafayette at the close of his Junior year, and 
 added: "This, in some respects, has been a lifelong disadvantage. For 
 example, I lost the differential calculus ! (Laughter.) That was a Senior 
 study at Lafayette and a Junior study at Williams, and between the two 
 colleges I missed it in early life, and ever since have been trying in vain 
 to catch up with its inestimable beauties and treasures. (Renewed merri- 
 ment.) But there was one thing I found at both colleges, and that was the 
 Shorter Catechism. Dr. Junkin drilled us in it; so did Dr. Hopkins. If 
 anybody here wants to ask me any of the one hundred and seven ques- 
 tions, I am ready to give him the answer, I don't live up to the Catechism 
 perhaps as well as I ought, but it is one of the things I claim to know." 
 
 He then paid a glowing tribute to the educational institutions of 
 Pennsylvania, and resumed his seat amid great applause. 
 
 The Hon. Horace Maynard, Postmaster-General, was then intro- 
 duced. Dr. Cattell referred to Mr. Maynard having been a Lay 
 Delegate to the recent Presbyterian Council in Philadelphia, and 
 
28 APPENDIX, 
 
 said the distinguished career of such men shows that manly Chris- 
 tian life can be maintained in high political station. Mr. Maynard 
 replied in an eloquent speech. Among other things, he said : 
 
 " I should not occupy your time but for a single suggestion that I have 
 to make to these young men, who, in life's early morning, are looking 
 forward to a future bright and full of hope. The suggestion is this : Do 
 not allow the means of education to deceive you into thinking that it is 
 education itself I remember an interview, during the war, that several of 
 us had with the late President Lincoln. The gentlemen present were high 
 in the confidence of the country and of the President. One point of the 
 discussion was that instead of letting our army be misled by those martinet 
 officers from West Point, we should go out into the country and pick up 
 men who had a genius for war, men to whom war comes as an instinct. 
 Mr. Lincoln hstened patiently, and repHed, 'Well, I never knew much 
 about West Point, and I suppose that the general notion out in our Western 
 country, that we should get along just as well without such knowledge, is 
 pretty correct. I believe that West Point never gave a man brains if his 
 Maker hadn't given him any. Still, a man must know more about a busi- 
 ness he had adopted and devoted his life to than the man who has not.' 
 Just in the same way in regard to education. It is not the apparatus, the 
 means, the appliances ; it is the mind, the intellect. Take any learned pro- 
 fession, and see with what comparatively humble and ineffective instru- 
 ments they had to work half or three quarters of a century ago, yet many 
 became great scholars and great men." He then paid a glowing tribute to 
 Marshall, Kent, and Story, the three great luminaries in American Juris- 
 prudence. Other names illustrious in Theology and Medicine might be 
 named, and these were men who had not such advantages as were now 
 afforded at Lafayette and other colleges. But they achieved success, 
 "You, young men, must depend upon yourselves. Appliances of educa- 
 tion are great helps, but all the paraphernalia of the schools will not 
 alone make scholars. You must, in an important sense, educate your- 
 selves." 
 
 The " great soldier" was then introduced, and General Sherman 
 rose to his feet amid a perfect storm of applause. The greeting 
 the general received from the scholars and divines around him 
 could not have been heartier had he risen in the midst of his old 
 comrades in " the March to the Sea ;" even the ladies joined in the 
 demonstration, for the frank, cheery, courteous manner of the gen- 
 eral seemed to have taken their hearts also. He commenced by 
 saying : 
 
 I am always astonished when I find myself among learned men — Pro- 
 fessors in colleges. Senators and Governors, and great men — that they 
 should turn to me, a plain, blunt soldier, to speak. I do not profess to know 
 anything about what you call learning, but I bear the highest honor to the 
 labors of men such as Professor March, who ranks among the first philol- 
 ogists of the world, and to the institution he so nobly represents. Still more 
 
RE-OPENING OF PARDEE HALL. 29- 
 
 do I honor him who gave of his portion freely to erect this Hall, which is a 
 gift of love and reverence for education and for the spread of knowledge 
 among men. (Applause.) He has received to-day stronger thanks than 
 words, for he can see in every face how much his act is honored and ap- 
 preciated. (Applause.) His name will ever stand as a monument on the 
 banks of the Delaware, to be honored for all time. He then referred to 
 the historical associations of this beautiful valley, speaking of the many 
 battles with the Indians which had taken place near the spot. He con- 
 cluded with an exhortation to the young men to make the best of their 
 advantages, and said that they, the elders, had entered the threshold of 
 life, and were preparing the way for greater things than could now be con- 
 ceived, but which would be for the enjoyment of the coming generation. 
 " Franklin was sent here as a soldier, and," said he, " I love to think of the 
 great statesman as a soldier. He succeeded in that, as he did in whatever 
 else he undertook. Any man with good muscle and brains, who is in 
 earnest, can become a great general if called to the field ; but education 
 fits him for his profession, as it does the lawyer and the doctor for theirs. 
 
 "This great assembly, in which there are so many young men, is an in- 
 teresting sight to me. You young men are to be held to an account for the 
 world's progress. We older men have but prepared the way for greater 
 possibilities. The world is going on for the better, but it is not yet half 
 done, or a quarter done. You must study well ; read, and digest what you 
 read ; love your country ; then apply all your energies and resources to the 
 part you act, and God will take care of the rest." (Great cheering.) 
 
 The Hon. William E. Dodge was then introduced by Dr. Cattell 
 as one of the great benefactors, not only of Lafayette College, but 
 of many other institutions of learning; indeed, there was scarcely 
 an organization for doing good into which he had not put his 
 heart and his pin-se. His great philanthropy was only one trait 
 of a rare Christian character. 
 
 Mr. Dodge responded in his usual felicitous manner. Secretary 
 Ramsey had referred to the old times, but the speaker lived in New 
 York when its population was only 175,000, and when there was 
 no Chicago. In the wonderful growth of our country, institutions 
 of learning like Lafayette had also grown. It was scarcely fifty 
 years since its Charter was obtained, and graduates of its first class 
 are still living, yet see to what proportions it has attained ! Young 
 men had greater advantages now than they had when he was a 
 boy, and they have therefore greater responsibilities. He and Mr. 
 Pardee had walked, arm-in-arm, this morning through the spacious 
 rooms and corridors of this noble edifice, and when Mr. Pardee told 
 him that he could not make a speech, he replied that his actions 
 spoke for him, and they spoke louder than words. He paid a 
 handsome compliment to the young ladies who, with such grace 
 and kindness, had waited upon the guests. (Great applause.) 
 
30 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Dr. Cattell then stated that when he entered upon the duties of 
 the Presidency in 1864, he found among the papers in the College 
 archives a subscription -book dated more than forty years ago. 
 Among the subscriptions was one for two dollars, marked, with 
 decided strokes of the pen, Paid. Following up the clue, he found 
 that the subscriber, a young man then just entering business, had 
 prospered — and he " interviewed" him. " The result was," added 
 the doctor, " that I have a subscription-book in which the same name 
 appears opposite the sum of seventeen thousand dollars (applause), 
 and this too is marked Paid. (Renewed applause.) This same 
 gentleman has endowed a Professorship at Princeton College — 
 the first endowment of a Chair, I believe, in that noble institution, 
 the mother of Presbyterian colleges. He has done a still more 
 munificent act by founding Blair Hall, an academy of high rank, 
 at the place of his residence, which he has endowed and transferred 
 to the Presbytery of Newton. Such a benefactor to the cause of 
 Education deserves high honor on a day like this, and I have the 
 pleasure of introducing to you the Hon. John I. Blair of New 
 Jersey." (Great applause.) 
 
 Mr. Blair replied in a humorous vein, and was frequently inter- 
 rupted by applause. He said it was easy to be seen that he was 
 no " graduate," Like his friends, Mr. Pardee and Mr. Dodge, he 
 did not have much advantage in the way of early education, but, 
 like them, he was anxious that the young men of the present day 
 should enjoy these advantages, and he was glad that he had been 
 able to do something toward putting education within their reach. 
 " When a boy," added he with a merry twinkle in his eye, "I did study 
 a little arithmetic, and in my subsequent life have done pretty well 
 in ' addition.' Dr. Cattell and some other college-men took me in 
 hand, later in life, and gave me some lessons in 'subtraction.'" 
 (Great merriment.) He warmly eulogized Mr. Pardee for his 
 benefaction, and said he would be remembered and honored as 
 long as water runs and grass grows green. Referring to the grow- 
 ing needs of such institutions as Lafayette College, he proposed to 
 be one of five to endow the Presidency in the sum of fifty thousand 
 dollars.* (Great cheering.) 
 
 " The following extract from a letter received by President Cattell from 
 the Rev. Dr. Ballard, as these pages were going through the press, will be 
 read in this connection with peculiar interest, and Mr. Blair will receive the 
 crrateful thanks of all friends of education for this munificent addition to his 
 former gifts to this cause : 
 
 " I am happy to announce to you that, after an interview had yesterday with 
 
RE-OPENING OF PARDEE HALL. 3 1 
 
 Dr. Catteil said that having now heard from these distinguished 
 guests, he would propose as a toast " Alma Mater," and in re- 
 sponse would call upon representatives from the Alumni, from the 
 Faculty, and from the Trustees. 
 
 Hon. H. G. Fisher, President of the Alumni Association and 
 Member of Congress from Pennsylvania, was the first to respond 
 to this toast, which he did in what the New York Tribune fittingly 
 describes as " a graceful address." He paid a handsome tribute to 
 the learning and ability of his predecessor in the Presidency of the 
 Association, N, B. Smithers, LL.D., late Member of Congress from 
 Delaware, and Ahtia Mater has indeed reason to be proud when 
 represented in the national legislature by such men as Mr. Fisher 
 and Dr. Smithers. 
 
 Traill Green, M. D., LL.D., the Dean of the Pardee Scientific 
 Department, and, as Dr. Catteil called him, the Nestor of the Fac- 
 ulty, having been connected with the College almost from its 
 organization, responded for the Faculty in a fitting though brief 
 speech. " The ancient people of God," said he, " at the dedication 
 of the second temple wept as they remembered the glory of the old, 
 which overshadowed that of the new. We rejoice to-day over a new 
 building in no respect inferior to the old, and in many respects a 
 great improvement even upon the noble building we had before." 
 
 R. W. Raymond, Ph. D., the orator of the day at the first dedi- 
 cation, also responded for the Faculty, and his witty speech was 
 greeted by round after round of applause. He said : 
 
 Mr. President, Ladies, and Gentlemen : I might well be somewhat 
 surprised at the recklessness involved in calling again in this place upon 
 the ill-omened orator whose inflammatory speech of seven years ago scat- 
 tered in this stately edifice the unsuspected seeds of conflagration. (Laugh- 
 ter.) I thought the wisdom which had selected for the orator of to-day my 
 staid and learned colleague might well evince itself still further by omitting 
 from the progamme altogether the incendiary of 1873. Indeed, I had no 
 desire to have that performance recalled. I would rather remain in friendly 
 oblivion than pass into history as the sole companion of that famous wretch 
 who fired the Ephesian dome. (Laughter.) 
 
 But I must confess that as I listened to the address of Prof March, pro- 
 found and learned as it was, I felt a fresh alarm for the college, for I was 
 conscious that something burned within me. I fear that you, sir, too hastily 
 forgot how beneath the calmness of the mature philosopher may live the 
 
 Mr. Blair, he generously enlarged his offer made on the day of the re-opening of 
 Pardee Hall, and placed in my hands a written guarantee endowing the President's 
 Chair in the sum of ^40,000 ; the bonds of that amount to be fully secured, bearing 
 interest at 7 per cent., payable semi-annually, to be delivered to the Trustees of the 
 College in April next." . . . 
 
32 APPENDIX. 
 
 heat of a noble enthusiasm, nourishing the flame of an immortal youth — ■ 
 how thoughts that burn may flash from lips that seem to promise cold, sage 
 counsel only, as through the lens of ice the rays of heat may be transmitted 
 with intense, concentrated force. (Applause.) In a word, sir, I warn 
 you, with the authority of an expert in conflagrations, that Prof. March's 
 address is every whit as dangerous as mine was ; and I advise you to keep 
 the building fully insured. (Great merriment.) 
 
 The place where we are gathered has its associations of a different kind. 
 This was the chemical store-room. If at any former time we had under- 
 taken to gather and eat and drink the contents of the jars and dishes that 
 were then as now displayed in rich abundance here, the result of the con- 
 vivial assemblage would have been fearful to contemplate. It is in one of 
 Marryat's forgotten novels, I believe, that half a dozen couples are carried 
 safely through the misunderstandings and adventures of true love, paired 
 off at last and made ready for the final ceremony of marriage, to when, on 
 the morning of the day which is to make twelve hearts beat as six, the cook 
 poisons the broth, and the curtain falls on all the drainatis personce laid 
 out in a row ! (Laughter.) Similar would have been the climax of a sym- 
 posium in this place a few months ago. But there came the day of awful 
 cooking, when acid met alkali in death-encounter, and atomicities ran riot 
 like naked imps seeking for victims, while over all a cloud of thermal units 
 hovered like emancipated Afrites, to complete the destruction of the limbo 
 where they had been imprisoned. Then all the principles and operations 
 of chemistry broke loose at once. What had been patiently taught for 
 years, piecemeal, beneath this roof — solution, precipitation, sublimation, 
 reaction, dissociation, ignition, fusion — found one grand experimental illus- 
 tration. (Great merriment.) 
 
 Science having thus demonstrated its power — once for all, let us hope — and 
 made, on the whole, rather "a mess" of its cookery, the ladies have taken 
 the matter in hand ; and we have no reason on this occasion to regret their 
 supremacy. What a wonderful power has woman if she were not too kind 
 to wield it selfishly ! Even in this presence, looking as it were the govern- 
 ment of their country in the face, the ladies of Easton might say, "We care 
 not who makes the laws of a country, while we prepare its dishes." (Ap- 
 plause.) A bit of underdone heavy pastry, a trifle too much of saleratus, 
 a muddy cup of coffee to-day, and who could have answered for the re- 
 sult? A dyspeptic Cabinet meeting revenging itself upon the Indians, the 
 Chinese, the Solid South, Wall street, foreign nations, and the postmaster 
 of Easton ! (Laughter.) But, on the other hand, what blessings may we 
 not expect from this excellently prepared and well-digested meal ! Even 
 that dream of poets, civil-service reform, — may it not start from the more 
 than civil service of these fair hands, and, extending to hotels and railroads, 
 find its way at last into politics ? (Great applause.) 
 
 A single word more. This place has prophecies as well as memories. 
 It is destined to be the geological museum. That it is not so to-day is due 
 to the absence of fossils. But they will come in time, and I may be per- 
 mitted to hope, sir, that in those distant days when you and I shall deserve 
 that enviable distinction, we may be blest with as fair and friendly a resting- 
 place as this. (Long-continued applause.) 
 
RE-OPENING OF PARDEE HALL. 33 
 
 President Cattail then referred to the presence of many distin- 
 guished representatives from other colleges and universities, and to 
 the many letters received from their Faculties bearing congratula- 
 tions and hearty good wishes. To respond for these sister institu- 
 tions of learning he called first upon the eminent President of Johns 
 Hopkins University, D. C. Oilman, LL.D., of Baltimore, who 
 was loudly cheered. He said : 
 
 Mr. President, Ladies, and Gentlemen : I am sure that the graduates 
 of many American colleges rejoice to-day with Lafayette. They are glad 
 that this thriving institution has such a President as Dr. Cattell ; such a 
 benefactor as Mr. Pardee; such a professor as the Orator of the Day (Dr. 
 F. A. March) ; such a graduate in the service of the State as he who sits 
 before us (Secretary Ramsey) ; such a graduate in the service of the Church 
 as he who sits upon my left (Prof WiUiam Henry Green) ; such neighbors 
 in Easton as hailed our progress through the streets this morning toward 
 this hill of science ; such ladies as have welcomed us to this coUeo-e assem- 
 bly; such a landscape engineer as he (Mr. Donald G. Mitchell) who has so 
 skilfully brought out the beauties of this beautiful site. (Applause.) 
 
 We regard this day as in many respects auspicious. It marks recovery 
 from adversity ; it indicates growth ; it testifies to the harmonious relations 
 which are here maintained by the students of theology and of science; it 
 shows us how cordially a man of letters, the representative of culture, can 
 endorse a school of technology, the embodiment of utility. More than 
 that, it has given an occasion for the President of the United States, who 
 has shown eminent wisdom and patriotism in discharging all the duties of 
 his lofty station (applause), for the Governor of Pennsylvania, for the Gen- 
 eral of the Army, and for many other distinguished citizens, to bear public 
 testimony to the value of a college whose glory it is to have been for more 
 than fifty years the promoter of sound learning free from bigotry and pre- 
 tence, varied in scope, adapted to the training of young men for all the 
 learned vocations of life. (Applause.) 
 
 It was a suggestive ride, Mr. President, which we took this morning from 
 Philadelphia, crossing the Delaware with Washington's successor in the 
 Executive office and Washington's successor in the command of the army, 
 and listening to the famihar story which fell from their lips of "the crossing 
 of the Delaware" under very different circumstances a century ago. I 
 could not but think with what pleasure Washington, if gifted with pro- 
 phetic eye, would have looked forward to this time, when the name of his 
 great ally, Lafayette, before whose likeness we are sitting, should become 
 the synonym for a college, and when his successors in office should journey, 
 in mid-winter, from Washington to Easton that they might show the value 
 which they set upon liberal education. (Applause.) 
 
 In the Johns Hopkins University, Mr. President, we have special reasons 
 to speak well of Lafayette College, for one of our ablest Trustees, Mr. John 
 W. Garrett, is one of your Alumni (applause) ; our Associate Professor of 
 English, if not a graduate at Easton, is at least a pupil of Dr. March, to 
 whose generous commendation we owe his appointment ; and three young 
 men, a mathematician, a chemist, and a linguist, have held the office of a 
 3 LrfC. 
 
34 APPENDIX. 
 
 Fellow among us, one of whom entered the service of the U. S. Coast Sur- 
 vey while continuing to be a member of our academic staff; a second re- 
 turned to Easton as a member of your Faculty ; and a third remains with 
 us in the prosecution of his studies. (Renewed applause.) 
 
 Allow me also, Mr. President, to remind you that the first student of the 
 Johns Hopkins University was a graduate of Lafayette. You gave him a 
 letter of introduction to me, saying that he was regarded here as a mathe- 
 matician of promise. Under the guidance of Professor Sylvester this prom- 
 ise soon developed into performance. He graduated as a Doctor of Phil- 
 osophy. He began to contribute to the advancement of mathematical 
 science by the publication of important memoirs ; and last summer, when 
 a delegate from the University of Cambridge visited Baltimore, it was his 
 great desire to see this young scholar and tell him that his writings on 
 hydro-dynamics were used as text-books in that great English university 
 where the science of mathematics has been so long and ably cultivated. 
 Under all these circumstances I take pleasure in responding for the "sister 
 institutions of learning," and in congratulating Lafayette on the excellent 
 progress it is making under the fostering care of its President and Faculty. 
 (Great applause.) 
 
 To respond to the same toast he also called upon Hon. Robert 
 A. Lambei'ton, LL.D., President of Lehigh University, whose elo- 
 quent speech was received with long -continued applause. His 
 allusion to Hon. Asa Packer, the founder of Lehigh University, 
 was most appropriate and eloquent ; and his graceful references to 
 the cordial and generous I'clations of the two neighboring institu- 
 tions — Lehigh and Lafayette — were received with loud cheering. 
 He further said, 
 
 In your night of trouble we sorrowed with you. And we rejoice with 
 you to-day ! Lehigh by this sign extends her hand in congratulations to 
 Lafayette (he said, as he reached across the table and shook hands with 
 President Cattell), and heartily prays, God bless Lafayette College! God 
 bless Mr. Pardee ! God bless Dr. Cattell ! 
 
 Dr, Cattell said the Trustees and Faculty of the College had 
 been delighted with the cordial letters received from the Theolosf- 
 ical Seminaries with which the College had been so closely iden- 
 tified ; and to respond for these he called upon William Henry 
 Green, D. D., LL.D., the distinguished Professor of Hebrew in the 
 Theological Seminary at Princeton. Dr. Green is a graduate of 
 Lafayette College (Class of 1840), and the Alumni and all the 
 friends of the College are justly proud of his career as a scholar 
 and leader in the Church. His address was listened to with pro- 
 found attention. He said : 
 
 Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: My colleague, Rev. Dr. 
 Moffat, and myself have been charged to bring to you the greetings of 
 
RE-OPENING OF PARDEE HALL. 35 
 
 the institutions at Princeton on this auspicious and joyous occasion. It is 
 an embassy which, for personal reasons, we take a special pleasure in ful- 
 filling, for we are here revisiting familiar scenes. We, too, belong to La- 
 fayette. Years ago my honored colleague was my preceptor in this college. 
 He as a former Professor and I as an alumnus of this beloved institution 
 cherish a lively interest in its welfare. And we exult in what our eyes 
 behold this day, in the noble structures which adorn this beautiful hill, 
 devoted to literature and science, with their appliances for the highest edu- 
 cation, and especially in this stateliest of them all, the ornament and the 
 pride of this whole region, whose restoration we now celebrate. (Applause.) 
 As I stand here memories of the past crowd upon me, which I hail as au- 
 guries of a yet more distinguished future. I cannot recall the history of 
 this College from its humble beginnings to its present expansion and note 
 what has already been achieved, and look upon the abundant signs of 
 promise which now appear, without the most gladsome anticipations. The 
 highest aspirations shall be fulfilled of the great and good men who found- 
 ed it. It shall be a crowning benediction to this great Commonwealth, 
 holding high rank among the literary institutions of the land, adding lustre 
 to American scholarship, and sending forth year by year increasing num- 
 bers of well-trained and disciplined sons who shall do her honor in the 
 various professions and walks of life. (Renewed applause.) 
 
 Gladly, then, do we tender to you the greetings and congratulations of 
 the venerable College of New Jersey, and particularly those of Princeton 
 Theological Seminary, which we more immediately represent. Princeton 
 Seminary rejoices in your joy as it sympathized in your sorrow. And the 
 interest which she feels is not merely that of personal regard for those 
 esteemed and excellent scholars who preside over this institution and con- 
 duct its affairs, amongst whom she recognizes now as formerly some of her 
 own cherished sons ; nor does it merely arise out of the fact that she has 
 both adopted into her Faculty and numbers among her students those who 
 were once connected here, and who have no thought of repudiating the 
 silken tie which still binds them, and will ever bind them, to this College ; 
 nor the additional fact that a goodly number of Alumni are common to 
 both institutions, who, in prominent positions or in obscurer spheres 
 throughout this country and in various parts of the world, are doing their 
 work creditably and well. Our presence at these festivities has a deeper 
 significance than this ; it represents a firmer and more intimate bond, the 
 alliance of theology and of liberal learning. What is so conspicuously 
 true of this College is likewise true of the vast majority of the colleges of 
 this land and of the principal universities in foreign parts. As a rule, they 
 were founded by the pious zeal of those who recognized in Learning the 
 natural handmaid of Religion, and who were inspired by an eager desire to 
 rear a well-educated ministry of the gospel. Who have been the founders 
 and the foremost friends of our American colleges ? Who their presidents 
 and professors ? And who those large-hearted benefactors by whose well- 
 directed munificence these comparatively recent institutions are coming to 
 rival in their equipments and resources the famous universities of the Old 
 World, enriched by the accumulations of ages ? They are men who, for 
 the most part, were animated by equal zeal for Christian truth and for the 
 promotion of sound learning ; it is the friends of religion who everywhere 
 
2,6 APPENDIX. 
 
 and at all times have chiefly been the favorers and patrons of education 
 and of the liberal arts ; and this from the well-founded conviction that 
 ignorance is the mother not of devotion, but of superstition and cor- 
 ruption. (Applause.) 
 
 And it is especially appropriate and significant that the occasion upon 
 which we are sent with our congratulations is the dedication of this elegant 
 edifice devoted to physical science. Much has been said of the alleged 
 conflict between Science and Religion. We have no fears of any such 
 conflict. Let investigation into the secrets of Nature be pushed to the fur- 
 thest possible extent; the student will, as we are told in the admirable 
 address of Prof. March, be but tracing out the thoughts of God. We 
 rejoice in all that is developed by men of science in their earnest, patient 
 search after truth. Only let it not be forgotten that unproved hypothesis is 
 not fact ; the dreams of scientific men, however eminent, are not science. 
 Much less are they to be trusted who, blinded by exclusive devotion to one 
 pursuit, lose sight of all that lies beyond this narrow range ; who are so 
 shut up within the region of physical causation that they cannot rise to the 
 conception of Him who is the supreme cause of all ; who are so pre- 
 occupied with what is material and tangible that they are oblivious of 
 man's immaterial and immortal part, and find no room in their system for 
 free agency, morality, and obligation, until it comes to be seriously ques- 
 tioned whether life is indeed worth living, and materialistic philosophers 
 themselves shrink back alarmed at the disastrous consequences of that 
 loosening of all moral restraints which follows from their principles. We 
 wish learning, but not at the expense of character, not at the expense of 
 all that makes learning desirable. (Applause.) 
 
 And, on the other hand, it is unsafe to entrust the defence of religion to 
 incompetent champions, however forward they may be to enter the lists in 
 its behalf— who dogmatize in the face of facts which science has clearly 
 established, but of which they are in blissful ignorance. What is wanted 
 is a body of men trained in the thorough study of nature from a Christian 
 point of view, who can intelligently apprehend and appropriate every fact 
 of science by whomsoever made known, and set it in its proper relations 
 to universal truth — who will aim to exhibit nature as, what it truly is, the 
 handiwork of God, and evolve from every feature of it materials for his 
 praise. Looking for such results from the scientific study here pursued, 
 we cordially bid you God speed ! (Great applause.) 
 
 Referring to the dedication of the first Hall in 1873, Dr. Cattail 
 spoke of the presence, among other distinguished educators, of 
 Hon. James P. Wickersham, LL.D., the Superintendent of Public 
 Instruction in Pennsylvania, and also alluded to his admirable 
 speech upon that occasion. " To-day," added he, " we have also 
 present a gentleman eminent among educators and scholars — Hon. 
 John Eaton, LL.D., the United States Commissioner of Education, 
 w^hom I now have the pleasure of introducing to you." 
 
 General Eaton's speech v^as full of interesting and valuable in- 
 formation, of which we hope to make use in subsequent num- 
 
RE-OPENING OF PARDEE HALL. 37 
 
 bers of the jfournal. He said the gifts for educational purposes 
 from private citizens in America had aheady exceeded $50,000,000. 
 Referring to the speedy restoration of Pardee Hall, he said it re- 
 minded him of the announcement by the French of the death of 
 the king, followed in the same sentence by the salutation to his 
 successor: JLe roi est mort — vive le roil There was no interreg- 
 num ; and it is a cause of pride and joy to all educators that the 
 announcement which carried sorrow all over the country, " Par- 
 dee Hall completely destroyed by fire," has been so speedily fol- 
 lowed by the salutations and greetings of the multitudes assembled 
 to-day at the dedication of a new hall as royal in all its appoint- 
 ments as its predecessor. (Great applause.) 
 
 The last speaker was Rev. S. A. Mutchmore, D. D., of Phila- 
 delphia, who was called upon to i-espond for " The Press." The 
 President said that the Faculty and students at Lafayette had heard 
 many excellent sermons from Dr. Mutchmore in the visits with 
 which he had favored the College, but many more had heard from 
 him through the columns of The Presbyterian^ of which he was the 
 editor. Many of our readers have heard the doctor at Lafayette, 
 and need not be told that he was listened to with deep interest. 
 Not being in the pulpit, he could give way to his natural humor, 
 and his graver thoughts were interspersed with sallies of wit. The 
 doctor was in his happiest vein. 
 
 The benediction was then pronounced by Thomas C. Porter, 
 D. D., LL.D., Professor of Natural History in the College and a 
 graduate in the Class of '40. 
 
 The "post-prandial" exercises were followed by a reception 
 given by Dr. Cattell at his residence, whither the Presidential 
 party, with Gov. Hoyt and many other distinguished guests, re- 
 paired. Supper was served at six o'clock. The departure of the 
 President, who left in a special train at seven o'clock, was the occa- 
 sion of another popular ovation. The streets through which he 
 passed were hung with Chinese lanterns and illumined with color- 
 ed fires. The train moved from the depot amid the loud cheers of 
 an immense throng of people 
 
 In the evening the whole of Pardee Hall was brilliantly illumi- 
 nated and thrown open to visitors, who crowded the rooms and cor- 
 ridors. At eight o'clock a fine display of fireworks was given by 
 the students in front of the Hall — a special account of which we 
 reserve for our next number — and as the College Band played its 
 " good-night " the great multitudes slowly wended their way down 
 the hill, an 1 thus ended happily the great festal day. 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW HALL. 
 
 The following description of the new Hall is also taken from 
 the December number of the Lafayette College Journal: 
 
 In its exterior the new Hall is essentially the same as the old. The 
 original plan, designed by the distinguished architect, Mr. John McArthur 
 of Philadelphia, has been adhered to, except where experience has required 
 or suggested alterations. The new Hall presents, therefore, the same beau- 
 tiful and stately proportions that called forth the admiration of every be- 
 holder. 
 
 GENERAL DESCRIPTION. 
 
 The edifice consists of one centre building, five stories in height, 53 feet 
 front and 83 feet deep ; on each side of the centre building a lateral wing 
 extends 61 feet in length and 31 feet in depth. Each lateral wing termi- 
 nates in a transverse wing, 44 feet front and 84 feet deep, thus giving to 
 the building an entire front of 256 feet ; while the walls built of Trenton 
 brown stone, with trimmings of Ohio white sandstone, the main entrances 
 with their massive but well-proportioned columns, the beautiful Mansard 
 roof with its graceful iron crestings and the appropriate cornice-work, give 
 stateliness and grandeur to the whole structure. 
 
 The main entrance on the south side opens into a large corridor, which 
 connects with the corresponding entrance on the north side. This large 
 corridor is intersected by a smaller one which joins the departments of 
 Natural History and Mineralogy. These corridors are tastefully frescoed, 
 and upon the walls are hung drawings and plaster casts representing va- 
 rious classes and species in the animal kingdom, and give intimations of 
 the rich collections in Palaeontology, etc. to which they lead. 
 
 THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL HISTORY. 
 
 The north-west room on the first floor of the centre building is for the 
 use of the Natural History Society of the College, which has made an 
 almost complete collection of the local flora, minerals, rocks, birds, and 
 insects. The museum of collections in Natural History occupies the first 
 floor of the west lateral wing. Here are arranged, in beautiful cases of 
 stained ash, specimens representing the different branches of Natural His- 
 tory. Two large alcoves at the east end contain the collections of the So- 
 ciety of Natural History already referred to. These collections are the 
 result of the society's labors over an area whose radius is thirty miles, the 
 College being taken as a centre. In the other alcoves are arranged a com- 
 plete series of skeletons, illustrating the species of animals, also a series of 
 Professor Ward's casts, and the purchases made for the College by Profes- 
 sor Hitchcock in Europe. In addition to these numerous relics of a former 
 age, there are many things which will engage at once the attention of the 
 scientist and the curiosity of the multitude, such as the beautiful collection 
 of birds, birds' nests, and birds' eggs, comprising many rare and valuable 
 specimens ; the collection of shells ; the excellent representation of the 
 local fauna ; the group of Indian relics, arrow-heads, stone hatchets, pieces 
 of pottery, etc. The first floor of the west transverse wing is also devoted 
 
 38 
 
RE-OPENING OF PARDEE HALL. 39 
 
 to the department of Natural History. On the south side of the corridor 
 are Dr. Porter's private rooms and the Botanical Laboratory, with the Col- 
 lege Herbarium, which contains the most complete flora of Pennsylvania 
 in existence. On the north side of the corridor is the large class-room of 
 Natural History, 50 feet by 44, equipped in the most thorough and ap- 
 proved style with blackboards, charts, diagrams, and specimens used in 
 the daily lectures and recitations. 
 
 COLLECTIONS IN MINERALOGY. 
 
 The main collection of Mineralogy occupies the first floor of the east 
 lateral wing (61 feet by 31). The cabinets are ranged around the walls, 
 while in the centre of the room are rows of horizontal cases. This room 
 contains most of the treasures of the old cabinets, which were fortunately 
 saved from the fire, among which are the large and splendid collections 
 of Dr. Beadle and those of the Pottsville Scientific Association. It has 
 recently been enriched by the fine collection of minerals made by Mr. 
 Jacob Wagner, one of the founders of the College, and presented to the 
 institution by Dr. Joseph Mixsell of Easton. The collection of Northern 
 antiquities, purchased by Dr. Beadle in Europe, which was in the old Min- 
 eralogical Hall, now occupies cases in the corridor facing the main en- 
 trance, where have also been placed the Swedish iron ores and the 
 products of their reduction, presented to the College in 1876 by the Jern 
 Kontaret of Sweden. 
 
 THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. 
 
 The Department of Physics and of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics 
 occupies the basement and the entire first and second stories of the east 
 transverse wing, together with the second story of the east lateral wing, 
 above the Mineralogical Hall and of the same dimensions. On the first 
 floor of the east transverse wing south of the corridor are Dr. Moore's 
 private room and his workshop, which contains machinery for making or 
 repairing apparatus used in his department. The motive-power for driving 
 this machinery is furnished by one of Otto's gas-engines. The two rooms 
 north of the corridor are used for photometry and laboratory purposes. 
 On the second floor of the east transverse wing is the lecture-room (53 feet 
 by 35), which has been designed and constructed in a manner to satisfy 
 even the most critical. The chairs are arranged in semicircular tiers rising 
 one above the other ; the counters are portable, so that they can be moved 
 to suit the purposes of the professor. For optical experiments requiring the 
 exclusion of light the windows have been furnished with patent roller 
 slides, which when drawn shut out every ray. Around the walls and from 
 the ceihng are suspended by ingenious appliances the screens, charts, and 
 diagrams used for illustration in the various branches of Physics. Instead 
 of having portable gas-tanks for the oxhydrogen blowpipe, as heretofore, 
 permanent ones in the basement are connected by pipes with the lecture- 
 room above. In the basement are also placed the large batteries which are 
 used for experiments in electricity. An hydraulic elevator affords a speedy 
 and easy communication between the basement, the workshops, and the 
 lecture-room. North of the lecture-room is the laboratory for Physical Re- 
 
40 APPENDIX. 
 
 search, connected with the rooms below by an elevator. The machine 
 used in the experiments with electric light is one of the latest made by the 
 U. S. Electric Lighting Co., and was presented to the College by Mr. M. 
 Hartley of New York City. The second floor of the east lateral wing con- 
 tains the cases in which are arranged the instruments used in the many 
 experiments that relate to Theoretical Mechanics, Magnetism, Electricity, 
 Heat, Sound, and Light. The apparatus recently procured in Europe by 
 Dr. Moore not only increases the already large collection, but also assures 
 the student that the department is abreast of the science of the day, and 
 that the latest results of scientific thought and investigation will form part 
 of its course of instruction. No labor or expense has been spared to make 
 this department of Natural Philosophy efficient in every sense of the word. 
 Upon every hand the observer is impressed with the utihty, the neatness, 
 and beauty of the various appointments, while the large and varied collec- 
 tion of scientific apparatus for the uses of the lecturer will warrant the as- 
 sertion that the equipment of this important department is not excelled, and 
 is scarcely equalled, in any American college. 
 
 THE AUDITORIUM. 
 
 The second and third stories of the centre building are occupied, as in 
 the old Hall, by the Auditorium (6i by 47 feet). It is connected with both 
 the lateral wings and with main stairways at the front entrance, which also 
 lead to the galleries. The platform, doors, wainscoting, and gallery fronts 
 are finished in black walnut and ash. The Hall is fitted up with cushioned 
 chairs which have reversible seats. At the rear of the platform is an ante- 
 room, which connects with both of the hallways and also with the balcony 
 in front of the building. Immediately above the platform is the Music 
 Gallery. Throughout the internal arrangement of this splendid room are 
 seen rare combinations of the useful with the beautiful, while the frescoing, 
 finished in the modern renaissance stucco, bronze, and illuminated colors, 
 the tasteful chandelier (the gift of Mr. Benjamin Thackara of Philadelphia), 
 the neat gas-jets around the walls, the graceful designs, the harmony of 
 colors, the emblems which represent the different branches of science, give 
 to the interior a beauty superior even to that of the former Hall. 
 
 GEOLOGICAL HALL. 
 
 Immediately over the Auditorium and of the same dimensions, occupy- 
 ing the fourth and fifth stories, is the large hall for the collections in Geology, 
 Palaeontology, etc. To support the weight of the specimens which will be 
 exhibited in this department the floor is supported by immense iron-trussed 
 girders built into the walls. On the east side this hall opens into the draw- 
 ing-room of the Civil Engineers ; on the west side into that of the Mining 
 Engineers. For the present this central room will be assigned to the De- 
 partment of Physical Culture, and will be fitted up and used as a Gym- 
 nasium. It is admirably suited for this purpose, but the friends of the Col- 
 lege are hoping that some munificent donor will provide the means for the 
 erection of a separate building, and release this room for the numerous 
 important collections of the College, which cannot be displayed to advan- 
 tage in other quarters. 
 
RE-OPENING OF PARDEE HALL. 41 
 
 THE WARD LIBRARY. 
 
 The second floor of the west lateral wing has been assigned for the use 
 of the Ward Library, the gift of the heirs of the late Hon. C. L. Ward of 
 Towanda. It numbers about 10,000 volumes. Besides many rare and 
 valuable books, it contains a large collection of autograph letters, maps, 
 and engravings. Some of the books date as far back as 1520. Among its 
 literary curiosities may be mentioned Raleigh's History of the World; 
 America, an Accurate Descriptioti of the New World ; the Cromwelliana, 
 comprising a great number of old portraits and also fac-similes of histori- 
 cal documents relating to the times of the Commonwealth. In the depart- 
 ment of History and Biography there are about 1200 volumes. Under the 
 head of Travels and Geography there are 1200 more. The edition of 
 English Poets, together with Johnsons Lives contains at least 400 vol- 
 umes. Besides these there is a very large collection of general litera- 
 ture, works upon Theology, Medicine, Law, Science, Philosophy, Parlia- 
 mentary Debates, Encyclopaedias, Dictionaries, and the classics, both 
 ancient and modern. 
 
 It is the intention of the College authorities as soon as possible to arrange 
 this valuable library in its new and commodious quarters, thus affording the 
 student ample opportunity for enjoying its rich and varied contents. 
 
 LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE. 
 
 In the west transverse wing the Modern Language class-room occupies 
 the northern portion of the second floor, while on the opposite side of the 
 staircase are study-rooms for the professors. The third floor of this wing 
 is divided into the Rhetorical class-room on the north and the Library of 
 the Washington Literary Society on the south. The library-room opens 
 into the main hall of that society in the west lateral wing. The Franklin 
 Literary Society will occupy the corresponding rooms in the east lateral and 
 east transverse wings with its library and hall. These halls will be oc- 
 cupied by the literary societies for weekly meetings for culture in oratory 
 and debate. 
 
 CIVIL AND MINING ENGINEERING. 
 
 The two rooms in the east transverse wing, north of the library of the 
 Franklin Literary Society, are class-rooms for the Civil Engineers. The 
 corresponding rooms on the fourth floor of the same wing are to be used 
 as class-rooms, laboratories, and rooms for apparatus and models and the 
 hall for the Society of Physics and Engineering. In the west transverse 
 wing ample provision is made for the Mining Engineers. The laboratories 
 for assaying, etc. have been removed to Jenks Hall, which has been ap- 
 propriated, according to its original design, to the Chemical Department. 
 The drawing-rooms for the Civil and Mining Engineers, as before observed, 
 are upon either side of the Geological Hall — each 61 feet by 31, and well 
 lighted. Two rooms at the front entrance of the building, east of the main 
 corridor, also belong to the Engineering Department, the northern one to 
 be used for recitations in the mathematics of the course, and the one south 
 of the hall for models and instruments in daily use. In all the depart- 
 ments of Engineering, Natural History, and Physics the studies and lec- 
 tures are illustrated by a series of colored wall-charts, thirteen hundred in 
 
42 APPENDIX. 
 
 number, many of which were prepared especially for this College, and 
 give illustrations not otherwise easily accessible to students. 
 
 WATER-SUPPLY AND PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE. 
 
 An abundant supply of water is conveyed by pipes to all parts of the 
 building from a large boiler-iron tank placed on the upper floor of the 
 centre towers. The water is forced up to the tank by a large Worthington 
 pump placed in the cellar for this purpose, and which also furnishes speedy 
 and efficient means of extinguishing fire should such a calamity occur. 
 
 Stand-pipes, connected both with the pump and tank, are erected in all 
 the hallways of the building, having on each floor, and also upon the roof, 
 where they terminate, two-inch outlets, with fifty-feet sections of hose at- 
 tached and ready for immediate use. The full force of the Worthington 
 pump can be thrown upon the stand-pipes, and a powerful stream speedily 
 brought to bear upon any part of the building. 
 
 As a further protection against fire, rolling steel shutters, working in iron 
 grooves, have been placed in all the doorways leading from one part of the 
 building to another. These are kept closed at all times except when the 
 building is in actual use. The cornices and dormer windows (in the former 
 building made of wood) are now of galvanized iron. The floors imme- 
 diately over the valuable collections in Natural History and Mineralogy 
 are filled with brick and mortar, so as to render them practically fireproof, 
 
 HEATING AND VENTILATION. 
 
 No effort has been spared to make the combined system of heating and 
 ventilation as complete as experience and modern science can devise. 
 Mr. John Sunderland of Philadelphia, who has had a large experience 
 and great success in the heating and ventilation of large buildings, is the 
 author of the general plan. Fresh air is supplied to the building by means 
 of a spacious air-duct running underneath the cellar the entire length of 
 the building, terminating at either end in vertical columns opening into 
 the outer air. From this main duct there are lateral ducts leading to each 
 of the numerous banks of radiators in the cellar. Fresh air is thus con- 
 ducted directly from the outside of the building to the steam-heated radi- 
 ators, over which it passes into separate and independent flues, leading 
 directly to each of the rooms in the several stories of the building. 
 
 The ventilation is by means of flues in the walls leading from the floor- 
 line of each room to the cellar, where they terminate in ducts along the 
 base of the cellar-wall, which ducts are carried from the extreme ends 
 toward the centre of the building, enlarging gradually as they approach 
 the centre, where they are all gathered into two main ducts, which termi- 
 nate in two large air-shafts that are carried up through and out of the top 
 of the front towers. The air in these ascending shafts is kept in constant 
 motion by a bank of steam-radiators placed in the base of each shaft. By 
 this means there will be a constant ingress of warm, pure air to the rooms, 
 and an egress of impure air carried down through the ducts in the walls. 
 By this system the very best results obtainable in heating and ventilation 
 are looked for. 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 028 342 640 3^