r:?H>t:ir^::':.;^";'tii'^Ctfttu^:t;t^.'/j o V % ^ .0^ • ^^-' ,'-°'"<^- -.^P".° /°- -w.- .'" -- "■ ^ • :- ^Ao^ : • ''b >* . 'o • * ^ "•-"' <^ % '^^ ..^ /. < o t '^^^'^^ - ; A^' ^. V'^ • .^vP, o^ ..., %'•"" .\^ ,., --^ be RESOURCES OF MISSOURI. BY SYLVESTER WATERHOUSE, »T. I-.OXJIS, • EDITION, - - - 20y000 COPIES. ST. LOtJTS, MO., BTEBEOTYPKD A8D PfilKTED BY ADG. WIEBIISCH S BOH. 1867. :5c A !l R. P. STUDLEY $c CO., Printers,Lithographers WOOD ENGRAVERS, BLANK BOOK MAKERS, -AND JJKALKKS IN- QSce Staiioaerj of all kiads. S. W. COENEE MAIN AND OLIVE STS., ST. LOUIS. We lake plcaiiure in calling the attention of the public to our superior facilities in Printing, Engraving, I^ithographing, Book Binding and Blank Book Manufacturing. We emplo}' first class artists and craftsmen, have al\va3S on hand an ample supply of stock from the best mills and manufactories in the country, and keep pace with the demand for vSUPERIOR WORK b}' constantly adding new material and machinery. Books, Pamphlets. Catalogues, etc., printed at short notice. Estimates cheerfully furnished on application. Orders by m;vil;faithfully executed and satisfaction guaranteed. R. P. STUDLEY & CO. / • THE RESOURCES OF MISSOURI. BY S. WATEEHOTJSE, ST. XjOUIS, EDITION, 20,000 COPIES. ST. LOUIS, MO., 8TESE0TYPED ISD FBISTED BY IDG. WIEBU8CH & SOH. 1867. f^^^ Nj^ L-V Of \VA?VV CORRESPONDENCE. The origin and design of this pamphlet on the Eesources of Missouri are explained by the following letters. To the Editor of the N. Y. Tribune. Sir : At the request of the State Board of Immigration, of which I am President, Professor Waterhouse has prepared the accompany- ing papers for publication. They will serve to answer thousands of inquiries made from every part of the United vStates. The pub- lic interest manifested in the subject of these papers justifies me in asking their publication in your paper. I am, very respectfully. Tour obedient servant, THOS. C. FLETCHEE. Jefferson City, Mo. Gov. Thos. C. Fletcher, Dear Sir : The accompanying papers are hasty and informal expositions of the advantages which Missouri offers to the immigi-ant. In many instances, it has been found impossible to illustrate the resources of this State by recent statistics. For the last six years, no full record of industrial products has been kept. The civil war materially deranged every branch of business. So largely did it interrupt the operations of agriculture, mining and commerce, that the statistics of these departments during the rebellion would, even if they were accessible, convey an altogether erroneous and inadequate impression of the capabilities of Missouri. But time does not impair the force of a fact. If freshness adds to its interest, age does not detract from its truth. A decade of years has not deprived the statistics upon the minerals of Missouri of their power of producing conviction. And, though the facts which are famiKar to our citizens may be new to Eastern and 8 European emigi'aiits, the only vital point ia the efficacy of thepe facte to impress upon the public mind a full comprehension of the resources of Missouri. Hoping that a general knowledge of our economic advantages will convert many emigrants from other States and countries into immigrants and citizens of Missouri, I am, with high regard, yours truly, S. WATEEHOITSE. St. Louis. This series of papers has been revised and enlarged. It is hoped that the errors which have escaped correction are not suffi- ciently grave to weaken the force of the general conclusions. In some instances, from the impossibility of obtaining trustworthy statistics, approximate estimates have been given ; but these estimates express the best judgments of men practically conversant with the subjects under discussion. These articles are mere "advertisements" of the material re- sources of Missouri. The very object of the series precluded any thorough treatment of the several topics. A fuller discussion would have made a pamphlet too large for general circulation. The very kind and gi-atifying reception which a generous pub- lic has already given these articles induces the hope that a further indulgence will be granted to sincere efforts for the material growth and mental culture of our noble State. S. W. Washington University, June 1st, 1867. GENERAL ADVANTAGES OF MISSOURI. January 11, 1865, was the moBt eventful date in the history of Missouri. It was the birthday of libert}^ It ushered Missouri into the sisterhood of free States. The act of that day will bless Mis- souri through all coming time. It will invigorate every form of business life, and stir the State to an early achievement of material greatness. Slavery benumbed the faculties of Missouri. States quickened by the incentives of freedom displayed a readier intelligence and prompter solutions of the problems of political economy. With all its superior advantages, Missouri, paralyzed by the torpor of servile institutions, was subjected to the humiliation of seeing itself far sur- passed in rapidity of growth by j^ounger and smaller States. The tables of the census are registers of its comparative poverty. Such figures are not liable to the suspicion of rhetorical exaggeration. Slavery degraded labor, palsied enterprise, created injust social dis- tinctions, fostered a dangerous aristocracy, retarded the progress of industry, and finally plunged Missouri into the horrors of civil war. No free State conspired against the life of the nation. Slavery sowed the seed which has ripened into so fruitful a harvest of death. By its insurrection against lawful authority, it forced the nation — un- willing to submit to assassination, or to commit suicide at the re- commendation of traitors — to the ordeal of arms. Missouri bought her freedom with the costly treasure which is coined in the mint of battle. Her trial was severe. Desolate homes and burned villages are the monuments of her fraternal strife. Agricultural labor was interrupted, commerce was prostrated, life and property wore in- secure, turbulence and carnage reigned supreme. But patriotism has triumphed. The devoted gallantry of our Federal soldiery has vanquished the assailants of republican liberty. Victory has re- stored to the Nation unity and the possibility of greatness. Missouri Avill enjoy a liberal share in the splendor and rewards of triumph. Redemption from slavery, and a free participation in the prosperity which will flow from the re-establishment of the Union, are benefits of priceless value. Such gains will more than compensate for the losses of war. The advance in the price of real estate alread}' re- quites Missouri for the enfranchisement of her slaves. The Ordin- ance of Emancipation has inaugurated a better era. The State alread}'" begins to feel the generous impulses of freedom. A new life is invigorating the body politic. Enterprise, commerce and manufactures are stimulated. Capital is flowing into the State. 5 G Corporations are forming for the development of our internal re- sources, and factories are rising for the fabrication of domestic materials. The unsunned wealth of our mines is coming to the light in larger quantities. The pleased earth is yielding to the hands of free labor a richer store of golden grain. Processions of immigrant wagons are moving along all our highways. It is estimated that there was during last August and September an accession of 25,000 people to the population of the State. There is a fresh vitality in the very air of Missouri. The domain which the Ordinance of Emancipation has restored to freedom is imperial. Missouri contains more than 67,000 square miles. It is half as large again as New York, and more than eight times the size of Massachusetts. It would make a score of German principalities. Larger than England and Wales, or Scotland and Ireland, it is equal to one-third of the area of France. The State is 318 miles long by 280 broad. Of its 43,000,000 acres, at least 35,000,000 are valuable for the purposes of agriculture or mining. The geographical advantages of Missouri are peerless. The State lies not only in the center of the Mississippi Valley, but near the heart of the continent. Its meti'opolis, lying upon the Pacific Railroad, Avill be the half-way station between the oceans, and the great central emporium for the distribution of the productions of the Mississippi Valley. That destiny is inevitable. It is the glor- ious necessity of physical geography. Missouri, lying between the parallels of 36 deg. 30 min. and 40 deg. 36 min. north latitude, en- joys the golden mean of the temperate zone. The salubrity of its climate is proverbial. Its chief defect is a liability to sudden changes. The summers are long and^warm. The winters are gen- erally short and mild. On the parallel of St. Louis, the fall of snow is seldom more than two or three inches deep, and rarely remains on the ground a week. Sleigh-rides are infrequent and unsatisfact- ory. They illustrate the pursuit of pleasure under difficulty. The balmy airs of the Indian summer temper to delightful softness the tardy approach of winter. The average temperature of November, 1865, was 46 deg. 39 min. ; in 1866, it was 45 deg. and 6 min.* Semi-tropic fruits mature in Southern Missouri, while the productions of a higher latitude flourish in the northern portions of the State. The soil of the river bottoms and rolling prairie is inexhaustibly fertile, and even the mining regions are capable of supporting a large agricultural population. The surface of Missouri is varied and undulating. Hills and mountains diversify and intersect the State. The copious streams which flow from these elevations fertilize the valleys, and afford a motive power which the level pi^airie can never supply. Missouri invites manufacturers to her borders with the offer of rich facilities. If natural adaptation is any index of des- tiny, then this State will ultimately become the workshop of the Mississippi Valley. * The result of observations made on the northern front of Washington University, at 9 A. M. If it had been a southern exposure, or a later hour, the average would, of course, have been appreciably higher. According to another record, the mean tempera- ture was above 47 degrees. T Missouri is heavily wooded. Her forests contain fuel and tim- ber amply sufficient to meet the wants of a population of 10,000,000. The mineral Avealth of the State is illimitable. Probably no equal area on the face of the globe surpasses Missouri in the rich- ness and variety of her minerals. Her vaults are stored with almost eveiy kind of ore which the arts of man require. The key to alt this wealth is a spade. The lock which secures this treasure is earth — any man can pick it. During the rebellion Missouri was cruelly vexed with evil spirits. But these have at length been cast out, and now the State, though rent and scarred by convulsions, is restored to sanity and health. It is now ready to commence an unobstructed career of development. The motives of freedom, fertility of soil, salubrity of climate, wealth of minerals, facilities for commerce and manu- factures, and ease of railroad and river transportation are the mat- erial advantages which invite the capitalist, the tradesman and the artisan of every clime and nationality to a home in Missouri, to a co-operation in the development of its measureless resources, and to an enriching participation in its prosperity. AGRICULTURE OF MISSOURI. Missouri presents to the farmer those conditions of climate which are most favorable to husbandry. The cold of the Northern latitudes restricts variety of production and blockades communica- tion with icy barriers. The heat of the South enervates energy and invites to indolence. Missouri enjoys the genial mean which per- mits the widest range of products and the full exercise of physical powers. The thermometrical record kept at Jefferson Barracks — latitude 38 deg. 28 min., elevation 472 feet — shows that the mean annual temperature for twenty-six years, is 55.46 deg. The highest monthly average is 85.80 deg., and the lowest 18.54 deg. The mean annual rain-fall is 37.83 inches. The thermal and hydral averages of the season are : Spring, 56 15 deg. 10.56 inches Summer, 76 19 " 12.88 " Autumn, 55 63 « 8.02 " Winter, 33 85 « 6.37 « It seems as though it would only be neccessary to advertise these advantages of climate to induce agricultural emigrants to avail themselves of such a genial co-operation of nature. Of the 35,000,000 acres of arable land in Missouri, 2,000,000 are the alluvial margins of rivers, and 20,000,000 high rolling prairie. 8 The richness of the soil is pi-actically inexhaustible. In bottoms the mold is sometimes six feet deep. Some farms, after bearing with- out artificial fertilization twenty five successive crops, have yet failed to show any very great decrease in productiveness. The fitrength of the land and the length of the season permit two har- vests to be gathered from the same field every year. Winter wheat or oats can always be succeeded by a crop of corn fodder, or Hun- garian grass, from the same ground. This is an advantage of mat- erial importance to small farmers. The composition of the soil varies with the geological formation. But the main elements — clay, lime, sand and vegetable mold — commixed in different proportions, form a rich marl or loam which the facts of harvest prove to be highly fruitful. The following statistics, which are given by Mr. Parker, may in some instances largely exceed the average yield, but still they illustrate the possible productiveness of the soil: Counties Lnfiiyette. Hay, tons Wheat, bushel per acre Oats, fiiyette. Holt. Howard. Saline. Pettis. or 3 * 2 or 3 25 40 40 50 40 60 50 100 125 100 100 100 300 150 800 2000 1200 800 2200 1500 1500 1300 1200 Corn, '' " Potatoes, '' " Tobacco, lbs " Hemp, " " These counties are not selected on account of superior fertility; they are taken as samples for the simple reason that I have not been able to procure recent returns from other counties. In some of these products, the figures indicate a productiveness which is below the average of the richest districts. The table refers to special harvests and farms, and does not aim to express the mean fertility of the several counties or of other years. The average yield of wheat in Missouri is from 15 to 25 bushels an acre. Little facts are often suggestive of the fruitfulness of the soil. Sweet potatoes have been raised in Missouri which weighed ten pounds apiece. Apples and turnips have been exhibited at our fairs which measured respectively six and eight inches in diameter. Melons ahd pumpkins have been produced which attained the rela- tive weights of 40 and 100 pounds. Corn sometimes reaches as high as sixteen feet, and sorghum twenty feet. In good seasons, farm- ers occasionally cut four tons of hay to the acre. In all these cases, the average is of course much below these figures. These ex- ceptional instances are cited to show what vegetable monsters the richness of the soil sometimes brings forth. Yet, notwithstanding this wonderful wealth of soil, more than 25,000,000 acres of land in Missouri are suffered to lie falloAV. There are to-day 4,000,000 acres of unentered land in this State. jN'early all of this land is rich in agricultural or mineral resources. Under the Homestead Law, IGO acres can be purchased for §18. Improved farms can be bought at from %b to $30 an acre. * Timothy 3 — Clover 4 — Hungarifta Gra.'js 5 tona. According to a recent estimate of the Agricultural Bureau, the average price of fai'm labor in Missouri is §18. 00 a month with board, and $26.75 without it. The water of Missouri is abundant and healthful. Perennial springs and copious streams are found in every part of the State. The alluvium which the Mississippi holds in solution does not impair the salutary quality of its waters. The undulating surface of Min- souri affords advantages of drainage and water-power which are denied to level prairies. This is an important consideration. The necessity of thorough drainage to highly successful husbandry has been established, and the emigrant who would prefer the plains of other States to the gentle inequalities of Missouri, would betray a costly ignorance of his own interests. The products which thrive in Missouri are too numerous for separate enumeration. The list would be an inventory of the pro- ductions of the temperate zone. All the cereals grow with rank luxuriance. The soil is rich in the chemical elements of which the diiferent grains are composed. Cotton is produced in the Southern portion of the State. The amount per acre varies from 200 to 400 pounds. During the war, it was a very profitable crop. The soil of Missouri is suited to the culture of Sorghum and Imphee. Their rank growth and great productiveness strongly recommend a more general cultivation of these vegetables. No portion of them is worthless. The juice is refined into excellent sugar and sj'rup, the leaves make good fodder, and the fiber of the stalk is manufactured into paper. Hemp and tobacco are two of the main staples of Missouri. Equal to the best growth of Kentucky and Virginia, they are a vast source of wealth to the State. Few crops yield a larger profit. Missouri produces more than forty-five per cent, of the hemp of the United States. Missouri is admirably adapted to the cultivation of fruit. Apples, pears, peaches, plums, cherries, currants, strawbei'ries, blackberries, quinces, apricots and nectarines, reach a rare size and delicacy of flavor. Trees and vines grow rapidly and bear largely. In south- ern Missoiiri, the winters are so mild that fruit trees are seldom injured by inclemency of the weather. The season, which even in northern Missouri permits plowing by the middle of March, cannot be very severe or protracted. In open winters, farmers have not infrequently done their plowing in December and January. In the genial climate of Missouri, the farmers may enjoy from May to November an uninterrupted succession of fresh fruits. Apples can be produced in illimitable quantities. The trees mature at least five years earlier than they do in New England. Peach trees continue to bear from fifteen to twenty years, and apple trees from twenty- five to thirty years. Two thousand bushels of peaches have been gathered from a single acre. Fruit culture is one of the most lucra- tive branches of husbandry in Missouri. Unless the prophecies of scientific men are false and the obvious intentions of nature are thwarted, Missouri is destined to be the 10 vineyard of America. There has been no elaborate investigation since the geological survey of Professor Swallow. But the familiar- ity of the facts which his researches developed does not diminish their truthfulness. It is estimated that there are in Southern Mis- souri 15,000,000 acres adapted to the culture of the gi-ape. This land is situated 1,000 or 1,500 feet above the level of the ocean. jN^ature has, in many localities, moulded the surface into terraces, as if on purpose to facilitate the labors of the vine-dresser. The composition of the soil is remarkably like that of the celebrated vine lands of Germany and France. Chemical analysis shows that the soil abounds in lime, soda, potash, magnesia, and phosphoric acid; and these are the principal elements which enter into the structure of the vine. The soil is dry and light, the air equable and comparatively vaporless; the water abundant and pure. These are the identical conditions under which the luscious vintages of the Old World attain their perfection. The success of our vineyards has been seriously diminished by the inexperience of our vine-dressers. TJnfamiliarity with the best methods of treatment, and ignorance of the varieties best suited to our conditions of climate and soil, have materially lessened the profits of grape-growing in Missouri. Yet the following averages, based upon the statistics of Mr. HusMANN, in his excellent treatise on "Grapes and Wine," show that, even under the existing disadvantages, the culture of the vine has been highly lucrative. The approximate expense of preparing a vineyard is indicated below. Variety of Grape. Cost per Acre. Delaware $875.00 Norton's Virginia 660. 00 ITerbemont 625.00 Catawba 465.00 Concord 410.00 The mean results per acre of one of Mr. Husmann's vineyards, from 1849 to 1865 inclusive, are as follow : No. Vines. No. Gal. Price per Gal. Gross Value. Net Profit. 3276. 529. $1.50 $253.00 $163.00 The cost of 2| acres, planted in 1861, was : 1700 ITorton's Yirginia, at $20 per 100 $340.00 400 Concord, " 25 " " 100.00 350 Delaware, " 50 " " 175.00 150 Herbemont, « 25 « " 37.50 50 Cunningham, " 50 " " 25.00 Other assorted varieties 100.00 Expense of preparing land, $50 per acre 125.00 Erection of trellis, $150 per acre 375. 00 Interest on capital 100.00 Total $1,377.50 11 The products of this vineyard were : First year, layers and cuttings $330.00 Second " Third " Fourth « Third " Fourth " Fifth " u (( (I « (I a 2,000 lbs Concord grapes at 16 cts. net 2,040 1,030 a 1,300 125 40 gal. u Concord, 30 10 50 (C (C u (C Nort. Virg. Herbemont " Delaware " Cunningham " Clinton " Other kinds " 1,200.00 2,500.00 4,000.00 320.00 u 24 " " . . 489.60 at62.50pergal. 2,575.00 4.00 3.00 6.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 (C (( <( cc u (( a u ti u (I a 5,200.00 375.00 240.00 120.00 30.00 150.00 336 lbs Hartford Prolific, at 20 cts. per lb 67. 20 57,000 plants at $100 per 1000 5,700.00 Gross value .$23,305.80 Deduct the interest on capital at 5 per cent. $500. cost of plants, trellis &c 1,277. labor for the 1st year 150. 2nd " 300. (C {( a (I a ic <{ u cc cc cc cc cc cc 3rd 4th 5th cc cc cc cc 400. 500. 500.— $3,627.00 Net profit $19,678.80 The following exhibit shows the annual returns of Mr. M. Poe- schel's new vineyard : Year. Area. Gross profits. 1863 2i acres $3,900. 00 1864 5 " 5,450.00 1865 'h " ...14,237.50 Total ..$23,587.50 The averages of Mr. Poeschel's old vineyard, from 1847 to 1863 inclusive, were : Acres. 4.4 The statistics of Mr. YfRr. Qal. per acre. 986 Wm. Poeschel's vineyard are Area. Price por gal. $1.54 Gross profits. 1857. 1858. 1859. 1860. 1861. 1862. 18«3 , 1864. 186'5. ,1| acres $1,402.50 n .2 .2 .2 ■H .5 275.00 375.00 " 1,846.80 « 783.50 " 1,742.12 « 2,512.00 630.00 " 8,290.00 cc cc 9 years .201 acres $17,856.92 12 Under favorable circumstances, two acres of vines yielded the following results : No. Variety. UnlUiiis. Price per Gal. Amount. 350 Delaware 40 16.00 $240.00. 100 Herbemont 125 8.00 875.00 500 Concord 1,030 2.50 2,575.00 1,200 Norton 1,300 4.00 5,200.00 Other vines 8G7.20 Cuttings ....5,700.00 Total value $14,457.20 Deduction of cost, labor and interest... 1,000.00 Net profit of two acres in one year ^13,457.20 These figures exhibit a profit which is certainly ample enough to satisfy every reasonable expectation of gain. In 1865, the value of the grape crop in the vicinity of Hermann was appraised at $150,000. If we may be guided in our estimates by European statistics, the vinelands of Missouri are able to afford a pleasant and remunerative occupation to a population triple the present census of the State, and to yield an annual vintage of at least 1,000,000,000 gallons of wine. The physical structure of Southern Missouri is a prophecy of rich and delicious vintages, which the sagacious enterprise of our citizens should speedily fulfil. Almost all the valuable varieties ot forest trees abound in Mis- souri. The pine, oak, ash, elm, walnut, hickory, maple, gum, overcup, cottonwood, cypress, chestnut, sycamore, linn, beech, catalpa, and tupelo are found in different portions of the State. The following table, taken from Mr. Parker's suggestive volume, shows the magnitude which some of these trees occasionally reach : Comity. Treo. Circ\iiii. in feet. Hei^lit. Dunklin Catalpa 10 90 Cape Girardeau Sweet Gum 15 130 " " White Ash 18 110 Pemiscot Elm 22 100 " Cypress 29 125 Howard White Oak 28 100 Stoddard Beech 18 120 " Tupelo 30 120 Mississippi Spanish Oak 28 110 " Sycamore 43 — The magnitude of these statements excites distrust. But I have no means of verifying them. If there is no error in the figures, the existence of such vegetable giants demonstrates a marvelous opulence of soil. Large districts of .southern Missouri are heavily covered with timber. For the purposes of ship-building, the live oak of this State is unsurpassed by any that grows in the Mississippi Valley. In the southern counties, there are millions of acres of valuable yellow pine which the hand of man has not touched. Some of these are four feet in diameter, and shoot up to a height of ninet}'- feet. Energy might easily coin this timber into a fortune. 13 Last year about S50,000 worth of tar, rosin and turpentine was brought to vSt. Louis from these pineries and sold at a large advance upon the cost of manufacture. The cultivation of grass brings the farmer liberal profits. Clover, timothy, red-top, Hungarian and herds-grass gi'ow with spontaneous exuberance. The yield varies from one and a half to three tons an acre. In the culture of this crop, improved machin- ery enables the farmer to secure large returns for a slight outlay of labor. The richness of the herbage is favorable to stock-raising. Cattle occasionally graze all winter. It is seldom necessary to feed them more than two months and a half. The luxuriant verdure of our alluvial bottoms and loamy uplands would fatten cattle enoiagh to supply the markets of the country. The farmer has the advant- age of the open prairie — his herds can feed at will upon its verdant pasturage. The stock raiser adjacent to a prairie can make a profit- able use of its vast commons. The hilly region of southern Missouri is admirably adapted to sheep grazing. A moderate use of Mis- souri's ability to raise sheep would remove the necessity of import- ing into this country 100,000,000 pounds of wool annually. The alpaca of Peru is a hardy animal, and thrives upon the scantiest pasturage. Our national Bureau of Agriculture has re- commended the naturalization of this animal in the United States. The hardihood of the alpaca and its abundant yield of wool justify the attempt. Southern Missouri aifords the finest opportunities for the trial of this experiment. Our farmers may find in the introduction of this new breed a rich reward for their enterprise. In this way, portions of the State too uneven or sterile for the purposes of agriculture may be reclaimed to profitable uses. At all events, the experiment is worthy of a trial. The mulberry tree grows wild in Missouri. It is hardy and rank. With cultivation, it would answer every want of the silk-grower. The Chinese silk worm, which has been imported from France and naturalized in this country, would find in the abundant foliage of the ailanthus tree rich materials for its glossy fabric. The softness of the climate is peculiarly favorable to the health and industry of this little manufacturer. The castor bean richly repays the labor of cultivation. An acre will yield from fifteen to twenty-five bushels. During the last four years the price has varied, in consequence of competition, from $2.50 to $5.50 a bushel. The oil factories of St. Louis alone are able to express 200,000 bushels of castor beans annually. At the present price of castor oil, the manufacturers can afford to pay from $2.50 to $3 a bushel. Flax is a quick crop. In three months from the time of sowing, the farmer can receive the profits of his industry. The yield of an acre is from fifteen to twenty-two bushels of flaxseed ; or, when flax and barley are sown together, from ten to fifteen bushels of flaxseed, and from sixteen to twenty-two bushels of barley. The average weight of straw to the acre is from one and a lialf to two tons. The crop is unfailing. Its certainty is a strong recommendation. 14 The annual capacity of our St. Louie mills for the manufacture of linseed oil is 250,000 bushels. For the last three years, the seed has been worth $2.50 a bushel. The millions of dollars which this country is now paying for imported castor and linseed oil ought to enrich American producers. The culture of flaxseed and the castor bean challenges the favorable attention of the farmers of Missouri. The cultivation of the beet may yet expand into an important branch of Western agriculture. The enormous productiveness of this vegetable may enable it to enter into a profitable competition with cane in the manufacture of sugar. The necessary brevity of this article precludes a fuller discussion of the agricultural interests of Missouri. Our limits only permit the mention of our leading staples. But this brief enumeration of our pi'incipal products or capabilities suffices to show the rare adaptation of Missouri to the uses of agriculture. The Agricultural Bureau at Washington is efficiently promoting the interests of American husbandry. It is intelligently exploring the productions of the world, determining their value and testing their adaptation to the needs of American agriculture. Our farmers ought to avail themselves of every judicious and practical suggestion which emanates from this Bureau. They cannot afford to neglect the results of scientific investigation. The liberality of the general Government has given to Missouri 830,000 acres of public lands. This gift is sufficient for the organization and partial endowment of an Agricultural University. Such an institution, organized upon a practical basis, might render an important service to the farming interests of Missouri. It would elevate agi'iculture to a science, and promote alike the cultivation of the mind and the soil. It would diffuse throughout the State the latest results of scientific inquiry and experiment. It would suggest new, less expensive and more profitable processes of culture. It would liberalise the mind by broader views and nobler conceptions of the independence and dignity of the farmer's life. The husbandry which is prompt to take the hints derived from chemical analysis and actual trial, will always produce the most fruitful harvest. ,i Our soil and climate are favorable to every staple of the temp- erate zone. In every direction, there are unopened avenues lead- ing to wealth. Rich lands and certain competency are the prizes which the intelligent immigrant will draw. For the prudent and industrious settler there are no blanks. In this State, agriculture will assuredly bless its skilful follower with independence and worldly store. St. Louis, easily accessible by river or rail, furnishes a ready and unfailing market for every production of the husbandman. The exuberant West invites the farmers of the Old World and of JSTew England to forsake their ungrateful wastes for a soil which will show a richer appreciation of their tillage. 15 MINERALS OF MISSOURI. * Missouri may safely challenge the world to produce its superior in the number, extent and value of its minerals. The immensity of its mineral wealth subjects even a truthful exposition to a sus- picion of exaggeration. The sober calculations of geology seem to be mere figures of rhetoric. The imperfect explorations which have been made have disclosed the superiority, but not the full mag- nitude, of the metallic resources of Missouri. Some of the vaults of nature's bank have been opened, but the treasure is too vast to be counted. The earth has hoarded in its coffers an unminted and incalculable wealth. The inventory of the mineral resources of Missouri enumerates springs — whose waters are impregnated with salt, sulphur, iron and petroleum — jasper, agate, chalcedony, litho- graphic stone, vitreous sand, granite, marble, limestone, plastic and fire-clays, metallic paints, hj'draulic cements, mill and grind-stones, fire-rock, kaolin, emorj^, plumbago, nickel, cobalt, zinc, copper, sil- ver, gold, lead, coal and iron. Most of these minerals occur in quantities that are literally inexhaustible. In case of many of these articles, the mines and quarries of Missouri could easily supply the market of the world. If an incomplete geologic survey and the rude efforts of unscientific miners, who have as yet scarcely touched the vast deposits of the State, have disclosed such results, we may justly expect far richer developments when an exhaustive investi- gation has been made, and systematic mining been 'extensively pros- ecuted. Of silver and gold, traces onl}^ have been discovered. Cobalt and nickel exist in profusion. Zinc is very abundant. Its masses have often retarded the mining of more valuable ores. Thousands of tons of this metal, thrown away by the lead miners as a vexatious and worthless im- pediment to their progress, might be with a profitable cheapness reclaimed to the uses of commerce. The ore is very pui-e. Copper has been found in 15 counties. At Hinch's Mine, 800 pounds of ore gave 272 pounds of good copper. In this locality, the gangue is red cla}^, chert and magnesian limestone. At Eives' Mine, the ore lies only 20 feet below the surface. The deposit is several feet thick, and contains a rich proportion of copper. The copper Hill Mine' has yielded 100,000 pounds. The ore fror he Stanton Mines gives, according to two analyses, 48.41 per cent of pure copper. The ore is usually a sulphuret or carbonate. But very little attention has been paid to the zink and copper mines of Missouri. The larger profits of other kinds of mining have diverted public enterpiise from a fair trial and full develop- ment of these ores. The success of the copper works at Frederick- * The materials of this article are almost exclusively derived from the able Report* ©f Professors Swallow and Litton in the Geological Survey of the State of Missouri. 16 town would justifj more extended operations in this neglected branch of raining. Lead has been discovered in more than 500 localities. Its purple Teins run through 20 counties and intersect an area of more than G,000 square miles. The richness of these mines is exhibited by the following statistics : Pounds of Lead. Total yield of Perry's mine to 1854 12,000,000 • " " Valla's " 13,000,000 " " Franklin's " from 1824 to 1854 20,000,000 Yield of Shibboleth mine in 1811 3,000,000 " Washington and St. Francois Counties from 1841 to 1854. :.:.:. 50,000,000 Annual yield of Washington county 3,000,000 Total " Virginia mine 10,000,000* Yield of Williams' mine in 9 months of 1854 145,000* " Frazer's " 1 month 100,000* " " " week 50,000* Shipped from Selma alone from 1834 to 1854 70,000,000 Annual average of all mines from 1840 to 1854 4,000,000 At the mine of Price, Bray & Co., 2,000 lbs. of Galena have been taken from a shaft which is only 10 feet deep. The ore at Mineral Point is in some places 18 inches thick. The lead is mostly sulphuret. Out of 120 specimens of ore, 113 were sulphuret, 6 sulphuret and carbonate, and 1 sulphate. From 60 to 85 per cent, of the ore is pure lead. The gangue is generally sulphate of baryta. The ore is often found in mag- nesian limestone, or red clay interspersed with brown hematite, pyrites and ochre. The mines which have been worked are mostly shallow. The shaft of Williams' mine was from 25 to 75 feet deep. " " Shibboleth " " 16 " 60 " " " Price's " 10 « At Granby, the lead comes to the very surface of the ground. In November, 1865, Mr. Putter, the Superintendent of the St. Louis White Lead Factory, made a careful examination of Mine la Motte. His report to Mr. Banker, then President of the Lead and Oil Company, embraces the following interesting facts : The ore, which is almost exclusively a sulphuret, contains from 60 to 66 per cent, of pure lead. It is found in a limestone formation, at a depth of from 22 to 30 feet below the surface. The earth which ©verlies the limestone varies from 6 to 12 feet in depth. Horizontal sheets of almost pure galena, varying from 1 to 12 inches in thick- ness, cover the beds of mineral ; beneath them lies a less productive sulphuret, which extends downward from 4 to 6 feet. The mean tihickness is 8 inches. The weight of a square foot of lead, 1 inch thick, is 40 pounds. " « " " 8 inches " 320 " * Pounds of Ore. 17 Sometimes a single drill yields 100 of these nearly cubic feet in a month. But an average of 50 feet gives, as the product of one drill, 615 pounds a day, or 16,000 pounds a month. The daily expense of each drill is S7.50. Each furnace smelts from 40 to 80 pigs of lead a day. An average product of 50 pigs, or 3,700 pounds, requires the reduction of 6,166 pounds of ore. The cost of smelting is §37 a day. Ten drills are necessary to keep one furnace in blast. AVe are now ready for a summary of results : 3,700 lbs. lead at $5.71 1, the average price in this market for the five years previous to 1861. . . $211.51 Deduct freight to St. Louis |c per lb ?il8.50 " commission for selling, 1 per cent. on 8211.51 2.11 " costof mining, ten drills at $7.50 each 75.00 " cost of smelting 37.00 132.61 Profit of one furnace per day $ 78.90 " " " " month 2,051.40 « " " " year 24,616.80 At this rate 100 drills, a number not exceeding the capacity of a large company, would yield an average revenue of $359,252. During the first year, large operations Avould involve a heavy outlay for shafts, drainage and machinery. But the cost of repaii-s and improvements could hardly exceed 30 per cent, of the year's eai'nings. The preceding estimates are based upon present facts, and not upon theoretical possibilities. They ai-e founded upon the practical results of recent mining. An enlargement of present operations and a more extended use of existing facilities are all that is neces- sary to secure the success Avhich the foregoing figures indicate. Doubtless a treatment by the economic methods of science would give a measureably higher percentage of profit. Perfectly pure galena contains 13.34 per cent, of sulphur and 86.66 per cent, of lead. An uncrystalizod specimen from Mine la Motte, analyzed by Dr. Litton, gave — together with traces of iron, copper and nickel — 13.50 per cent, of sulphur and 84.50 per cent, of lead. Under our present Avasteful processes, the sulphurets of Mine la Motte sometimes yield 77.7 per cent, of pure lead. Except the slave labor of three proprietors, and scarcely 200 men have ever been employed at one time in the mines of Missouri. The operations have commonly been desiiltory and the methods un- scientific. Miners have chiefly sought superficial deposits in soft clay, where the ore could eafI^evada. The Company intend to complete the road from Sacramento to Virginia City 156 miles in 1867 " " Austin 320 " " 1868 " " Salt Lake City 585 " 'M870 The estimated cost and equipment of the road from Sacramento to the state line of California are estimated at $14,000,000. For 15 miles, the pathway up the ascent of the Sierra Nevada has been cut in solid granite. During the progress of the work, the daily consumption of powder was 350 kegs, worth $1400. During the fall I860, the working force was 8,000 Chinese. The number of horses and mules employed upon the road was 1200. This spring the Company intend to increase their industrial force to 12^000 or 15,000 men. In 1866, the earnings of the Central Pacific were : From Sacramento to Colfax, 62 miles, May, $65,000 " " " " June, 67,000 « " Alta, 69 " July, 85,000 « " " « August, 112,000 " « « « September, 114,000 " " " « October, 127,000 From Saci'amento to Cisco, the tarif of rates is $9,50 for pas- sengers, and $14.00 a ton for freight. But even at these high prices, there is a saving of 20 per cent, on the former cost of carriage. The Express Company of Wells and Fargo charge on freight From San Francisco to Austin, 320 miles, 50 cents in gold per pound. " " Salt Lake, 710 " 75 " " " La Nevada, green fire wood is $13 a cord in gold, and the timber necessary for mining purposes costs from $30 to $45 per hundrel. The quantity of lumber requisite for this use may be inferred from the alleged fact that the mine of Gould and Curry contains as much timber as Virginia city, a wood-built town of 15,000 inhabitants. Yet, notwithstanding the great expense of material and transportation, some of the mines of Nevada pay a monthly dividend of 2 to 5 per cent. The Gould and Curry Mining Company think that they could have saved in 1864, by the relative economy of railroad carriage, $2,000,000 in gold. The annual cost 47 of transportation to Nevada is $10,000,000. In 1866, tbc freight on §6,000,000 from the East to Montana was $2,000,000. These facts disclose the grave difficulties Avhich retard the growth of our Territories, and prompt the utmost vigor in the prosecution of the Pacific railroad. Official assurance is given that the entire line will be finished m 1871. The terms of the charter require its completion by the first of July 1876. The glory of this great achievement will chiefly belong to St. Louis. The conception of the enterprize originated in this city. The first capital was advanced by our own merchants. "With rare foresight and an honorable faith in the ultimate success of their great undertaking, our public-spirited citizens persevered in despite of every discouragement and opposition, till at last popular favor and financial prosperity have crowned their efforts. The prophecy of Benton is rapidly approaching its fulfilment. Soon the Atlantic and Pacific will be bound together by railroad ties. This colossal work will be a proud monument of American energy. Its consummation will inaugurate a new era in the history .of commerce. In anticipation of its completion a New York company, with a capital of $30,000,000, has just established a regular monthly line of steamers between San Francisco and China. The Colorado made its first voyage from San Francisco to Hong Kong in 27| days. The mail from Japan now reaches the Pacific coast in three weeks. The journey from New York to Hong Kong, by way of London and Suez, takes 56 days ; but by the Pacific Eailway, the time will be only 35 days. This inter-oceanic railroad will doubtless become the highway of travel between Europe and the Orient. Between the termini of the Pacific Railroads, there is an interval of about 750 miles. Conveyance by stage over this long and difficult line is relatively slow. Yet, notwithstanding this great impediment, Eng'and has already sent its China mail across this Continent. The economy of distance and time, the personal comfort of a passage lying wholly in the temperate zone, and the avoidance of the heat and perils of tropic seas will secure to this route the main patronage of the travel between the maritime frontiers of Europe and Asia. Time, too, is often an important element in commercial transactions. The Pacific Railroad will afford the quickest transit between the opposite borders of the Eastern hemisphere. The interchanges of merchandise of small bulk and great value will be carried on over this road. Commodities liable to be injured by the temperature of the tropics will seek the safetj' of this northern line of transportation. The temperate calm of Pacific waters in the latitude of San Francisco and Shanghai is an additional safeguard of life and cargo. The Pacific railroad will be a mighty agency in the development of that vast tract of country which lies between the Rocky Mount- ains and the Sierra Nevada. The discovery of gold and silver in the canons of these mountains gave the initial impulse to population — the Pacific railway will accelerate the movement. While the acquisition of wealth will still be the chief motive, the facility of 48 reaching the mountains by means of this road will strengthen the prime incentive. Populous States and well ordered governments now exist in regions which but few jcare. ago were only trackless solitudes. The presence of gold in the Eocky Mountains has sud- denly adorned their slopes with a flourishing civilization. The lure of riches and the convenience of the railroad will people these fastnesses, and add neAV members to the sisterhood of States. Under the action of these tAVofold motives, new communities will arise. Happy homes, social order, and public wealth will soon be found in the recent wilderness. The development of the mountain region will swell our national resources with ingots of precious metal, and probably require, for the accommodation of local travel and commerce, the construction of other roads to the Pacific. MISSOURI PACIFIC RAILROAD. This road runs from St. Louis to Kansas City, ft is 283 miles .long. The initial steps having been taken in 1849, active work was begun Aug. 2, 1851, and the last rail was laid Sept. 19, 1865, The cost of construction was ^11,418,794 " " roUingstock 2,049,674 Total cost of the road $13,468,468 Prom the inception to the completion of this road, every step of progress was retarded by difficulties of the gravest character. Financial embarrassments, disastrous accidents, and rebel raids have severcl}' tested the ability and resources of the Company. In the fall of 1864, the Missouri Pacific suff'ered terribly from the devast- ations of civil war. The rebels, besides inflicting other extensive injuries upon the road, destroyed 11 bridges whose total length Avas more than 3250 feet. The aggregate damage from this incursion Avas $500,000. Yet the magnitude of these losses and impediments has but increased the honor of ultimate success. The dauntless purpose and administrative skill which surmounted so great ob- stacles are worthy of public and grateful remembrance. The funds which enabled the Directors to complete the road were derived from the following sources : State Bonds $7,000,000 County subscriptions 2,845,630 Missouri Pacific Railroad Bonds 1,500,000 Private subscriptions 764,000 St. Louis County Bonds 700,000 Some of these loans were effected with the greatest difficulty. Aid was at times granted only when it became apparent that, in the event of refusal, the enterprise would have to be abandoned. The reluctance of the Legislature to pledge the public credit for the completion of the road did not arise from unfriendliness, but from the fiscal embarrassments of the State. Only a resolution undis- mayed by disaster and an ability resourceful in difficulties could have carried the road successfully through these financial emergencies. 4» During the rebellion, the main line and the Southwest Branch were of incalculable importance to the country. The extent of this service may be inferred from the fact, that, in 1863, '64 and '65, the net receipts for Government transportation were $758,550. The terrible ravages of the rebel armies would have been much worse, had it not been for the facilities of rapid movement and sud- den concentration which these roads afforded to the national forces. The present equipment of the Missouri Pacific is : Mail cars 7 Baggage and Express cars 17 Caboose cars 29 Passenger cars 41 Locomotives 47 Freight cars 641 The total quantity of iron rails iTsed in the construction and repair of this road is 27,600 tons. The service of the line requires a constant force of 1500 men. The Company is purposing, at an early day, to change the width of the track to 4 feet 8^ inches. The road will then have the same gauge as that of the Union Pacific. When the contemplated change has been made, this road will form an unbroken and uniform part of that magnificent line which will soon stretch to the Pacific shore. The road is now doing an immense and steadily increasing business. The success and general utility of the Missouri Pacific long since justified the action of the Legislature in granting the loan of the public credit. The issue of State bonds, ensuring the capital necessary to the completion of the road, was an act of legislative wisdom. The influence of this railway upon the prosperity of Mis- souri has been signally beneficial. We hope that public honor and private wealth will reward the energetic and farsighted men who, tinder such grave discouragements, carried forward this road to a successful consummation. UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD, EASTERN DIVISION. The State of Missouri has a deep and permanent interest in the Union Pacific railway. This line was contemplated in the Pacific Eailroad Act of 1862. In the original bill, it constituted the St. Louis connection of the Union Pacific railroad, whose initial point was the 100th meridian of longitude. By later legislation in 1864 and 1866, the junction of the "Northern or Omaha" road and the "Kansas or Smoky Hill" road was changed to a point "fifty miles west of the meridian of Denver" in Colorado. The Union Pacific railway, with its connections, is the shortest line between the mountains and the Mississippi river. It lies 200 miles south of the Omaha Branch, and will be comparatively free from the snows which will obstruct the Northern line. In its entire length, it crosses no navigable stream. It must inevitably become the trunk line across the continent. This road is a contin- uation of the great central chain of railways running west from the 4 50 Atlantic metropolis. From 'New York to San Francisco, the main road deviates but little from the base line of the fortieth parallel. The work upon the Union Pacific railway, Eastern Division, was begun in 1863, but owing to the war and various legal difiicult- ies was not vigorously prosecuted until July 1865, when the present organization assumed control. The following data in regard to the road have been furnished by one of the officers of the Company, The line of the Union Pacific railway, as located under the pres- ent law, starts from the Missouri river at the western terminus of the Pacific railroad of Missouri and runs almost due west up the rich valleys of the Kansas and Smoky Hill rivers, and from the head-waters of the latter across the plains to Denver, and thence along the base of the mountains to the point of junction with the Northern Branch. The length of this Division is about 700 miles. Of this distance, 225 miles have been completed, fully equipped, and accepted by the United iStates Government. A continuous railway now extends 508 miles west from St. Louis. A branch road, 31 miles long, has also been built from Lawrence to Leavenworth. The Union Pacific Company contemplate the construction of a railroad to Santa Fe. They purpose to begin the preliminary survey at an early date. The initial point is Filley, a town 200 miles east of Denver. The distance to Santa Fe is about 400 miles. This road would give an outlet to the productions of New Mexico, open the territory to the invasion of enterprise, bring its resources within the reach of commerce, and attract a rich trade to St. Louis. It is the design of the Company ultimately to extend this road through Arizona and Southern California to the Pacific. The same grave considerations of public econom}', self-defence, and material develop- ment which led the Government to lend its credit to the central road should induce it to grant subsidies to this Southern line. Contracts have been made to complete the main road to the 385 mile-post west of the Missom-i river by December 31, 1867. 225 miles of track, extending from Kansas City to Fort Harker, are now laid. Beyond the present terminus, 90 miles of graded road are ready for the rails. The cross-ties of the Pacific Eailroad, Eastern Division, are made of hard wood. The rails weigh 56 poxmds per lineal yard, and are all of American manufacture. 22,000 tons of bars have been already used in the construction of this road, and 14,000 more are now on their way. By the fii'st of June, this road will have the following equipment : Baggage and Express cars 5 Passenger cars 14 Locomotive engines 25 Freight cars 418 The earnings of the road for the quarter ending December 31, 1866, exceeded $200,000. It is believed that the receipts during 1867 will average $100,000 per month. 51 The subsidies with which the Government aids the construction of this portion of the Pacific railroad are : 1st. A loan of $16,000 for each mile of railroad and telegraph line, to be delivered to the company as each section of 20 miles is completed and accepted by the government. It consists of 30 years, U. S. 6 per cent, bonds, secured by a second lien. The interest and principal are guaranteed by the United States. The law per- mits the company to issue bonds of an equal amount per mile, secared by a first mortgage having priority over the government lien. 2nd. A grant of 12,800 acres of land per mile of finished road. It gives alternate sections extending 20 miles on each side of the road. The Bonds issued to this division of the Pacific railroad mature in 30 years. The interest on these Bonds is paid by the U. S. Government. To secure the repayment of this interest, the Government deducts and retains one half of the cost of its own transportations over the road. The amount of mails, troops, munitions of war, and Indian supplies, carried over this line, is very large. Before the close of the coming summer, 27,000,000 pounds of Government freight will be shipped by this route to the territories. The total amount of interest which the Government has paid on the bonds of this road, up to March 1, 1867, is ^97,000. The cost of Government transportation, from Oct. 15, 1866, to March 1, 1867, is $55,000. Of this sum, the Government has reserved $27,000. This amount is more than 30 per cent, of all the interest which the Government has paid on the Bonds of the road. After the present year, the transportation of Government supplies will probably refund to the national treasury all the money advanced for the payment of the interest on these Bonds. An examination of the business of the road discloses the unexpected and gratifying fact, that this great national work will be accomplished without cost or embarrassment to the Government. In the event of an Indian war, or of an invasion of the Pacific coast, this railroad would be invaluable to the financial interests and military success of the nation. It would lessen the expenses, and facilitate the prosecution, of a frontier war. It would give strong material guai-antees for the perpetuity of the Union. The completion of this national highway will strengthen the alliance of the States with iron bands, and develop our Western wilderness into populous common- wealths. In addition to the grant of public lands, the company has bought from the Delawai-e and Pottawatamie tribes of Indians about 600,000 acres in the heavily timbered regions of Eastern Kansas. This purchase comprises some of the finest farming lands in the State. Nearly 1,000,000 acres of valuable lands, all lying east of Fort Riley, are now offered by this company for sale to actual settlers. The progress of the Pacific railroad and the natural attractions of Kansas have exerted so marked an influence upon immigration, that the actual increase in the population of that State, during the year 1866, was, according to the estimate of Gov. Crawford, 50,000 people. 52 These princely subsidies from the Government and the financial strength and executive energy of this corporation justify the expectation that the work will be completed in the time prescribed by law. ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC RAILROAD. This road was formerly called the Southwest Branch, but its ownership and title have recently been changed. It runs from Franklin — a town on the Missouri Pacific, 37 miles west of St. Louis — to the Gasconade river. The length of the independent line is 88 miles. The extension of the Atlantic and Pacific is making rapid pi'ogress. A bridge nearly 800 feet long will soon span the Gas- conade. A force of 1500 men is now at woi'k upon the continuation of the road. The distance from the Gasconade river to the Arkansas line is about 200 miles. The cost of extending the road to the borders of the State is estimated at $6,000,000. The amount which the development of the mineral resources of Southwestern Missoui'i would add to our common wealth cannot be calculated, but the rise in the value of real estate which the completion of this road would cause has been appraised at $25,000,000. The extension of this line from its present terminus merely to the southwest corner of Missouri would be an incalculable benefit. The trade of the North western roads may be partially diverted from St. Louis by the construction of rival lines. But the Atlantic and Pacific, by its advantages of situation, will compel all connecting lines to be subsidiaiy to itself; and its commerce, constantly swelled by the trafliic of tributary roads, must necessaril}' flow to St. Louis. The extension of this road would open to settlement vast tracts of valu- able land, and by the impulse of cheap transportation lead to an extended development of the rich mines of Southwestern Missouri. ST. LOUIS AND IRON MOUNTAIN RAILROAD. "The St. Louis and Iron Mountain" and "The Cairo and Ful- ton" railroads have recently been sold by order of the Govei-nor of Missouri for the redemption of funds which the State advanced them. The amount of State loan to the former road is $3,501,000 " " " latter " 650,000 " interest for six years, to Jan. 1st 1867 ... . 1,494,360 Total indebtedness to the State $5,645,360 The State bought these roads Sept. 27, 1866, and in ISTovcmber following sold them through Commissioners to Messrs. McKay, Eeed and Co. of Pittsburg for $900,000, payable in Missouri Bonds. The deeds were made by the State Jan. 9, 1867; and, on the 12th of the same month, the purchasers sold the roads to Hon. Thomas Allen of St. Louis, for $1,275,000. The Iron Mountain railroad, running from St. Louis to Pilot Knob, is 87 miles long; and cost, exclusive of discount, interest and commiBsions, $4,356,800. The quantity of rails used in the con- 53 Ptruction ot tliis road is about 10,000 tons. Its freight ifl mostly iron ore, pig raetal, lead, barytes, lumber, and wood. In 1865, its earnings were 6424,700; and, in 1866, they were probably still larger. The Cairo and Fulton railroad begins at Bird's Point on the Mississippi, and will eventually terminate on Eed River in the Southwest corner of Arkansas. But 26 miles of the road are now finished. It cost, exclusive of incidental expenses, $680,300. It , has a land grant of about 500,000 acres. The country through which it runs produces a rich growth of timber, corn, and cotton. It is estimated that, in 1866, 60,000 bales of cotton — including prob- ably some shipments from contiguous counties in Arkansas — wei^e brought from Southeast Missouri. The present proprietor of these two roads will consolidate them under the style of "The St. Louis, Iron Mountain, and Southern Railway", and make an unbroken line from St. Louis to Belmont, opposite the terminus of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. The con- ditions of the purchase exact the completion of this road within five years; but Mr. Allen feels confident of his ability to finish it in less than half of that time. The cost of the road will be about $4,500,000. An ultimate extension of this line to Helena is contemplated. In fact, the initial steps have already been taken. The Legislature of Arkansas has recently revised the original charter of the road, and granted ampler privileges. The liberality of these franchises has led to the organization of a company, and the subscription of $1,000,000 in capital and materiel. The estimated expense of this road is $5,000,000. The distance from Ironton to Helena is 230 miles. The country through which the projected line passes is pix)- ductive, well-watered, and generally level. Even where inequalities exist, the grades are relatively light. The completion of this road to Helena is highly important to St. Louis. It would gi*eatly enhance our municipal prosperity. Vast commercial interests depend upon the success of this under- taking. Between St. Louis and Helena, navigation in the summer season is sometimes embarrassed by low water and sandbars; and, in the winter-time, it is frequently obstructed by floating ice. Though the intervals of interruption are temporary, yet the briefest sus- pension of our Southern communications inflicts a serious injury upon the mercantile interests of St. Louis. The continuation of the Iron Mountain road to Helena would open an avenue to a poiut below which navigation is never impeded by ice or low water. An outlet to the great markets of the South, direct, available, and always free from obstructions, would soon •develop our winter trade into summer proportions. 54 EDUCATION. No treatment of the mateiial interests of a State can be com- plete, without some discussion of the spiritual foi'ces which vitalize them. Public wealth is often a cause of national decay. Genuine prosperity implies the guidance of intelligence and morality. No community can greatly flourish where ignorance and dishonesty prevail. The political economy which ignores the intellectual and moral forces of society discards the prime essentials of public welfare. The commonwealth is only supremely great when it is actuated by enlightened motives and imbued with the spirit of a Christian civili- zation. During the war, domestic turbulence greatly impaired the efficiency of our common schools. In some of the rural districts, the shock of arms or the distempered condition of the public mind led to a temporary suspension of the schools. But now, since the civil strife which disorganized our educational system has ceased, our schools are resuming their activity. Under the old regime, indiiference to public culture was a prominent trait. A social system which rested on unjust distinctions of caste and fostered civil in- equality would naturally look with disfavor upon the cause of popular education. An aristocracy based upon wrong has an instinctive dread of intelligence. There is a deathless hostility between them. Ignorance is the helpless victim of oppression, but popular enlighten- ment is the divine victor of injustice. Now, since the feudal impediment to our progress has been removed, we shall advance with a freer movement. A fresh energy invigorates our public polity. A spirit of freedom and progress imparts a new life to our educational system. The people of Missouri are actively re- organizing their public schools. They are striving with a zealous co-operation of individual and legislative efforts, to extend and improve their institutions of learning. The public schools of St. Louis were organized in 1833, and went into practical operation in 1839. They are now an honor to Western culture. Improved by the best results of experience, taught by an accomplished corps of instructors, and aided with the resources of valuable Public Libraries, they afford to the youth of this metropolis the means of a thorough popular education. The grades of our public schools are based upon a system of rigid class- ification. They culminate in the High School. Students enter this institution only through the ordeal of a competitive examination. Admittance, thei'efore, implies exemplary deportment and success- ful scholarship. The discipline of the High School embraces the higher branches of an English education and the Academic course of Classic culture. The scholarly training of this institution qualifies its graduates for the duties of life or the pursuit of polite learning. The Normal School in this city affords excellent opportunities for professional discipline. It teaches the philosophy of education as well as the best processes of practical instruction. The profes- 55 sional success of its graduates shows the eifect of trained skill and systematic teaching. In addition to its public schools, St. Louis has endowed Universities whose excellence obviates the necessity of sending Western youth to Eastern institutions for a liberal education. In one of these Universities, the mathematical course is as full and exhaustive as at West Point, and the standard of scholarship, in the chief departments of stud}^, is scarcely inferior to that of Harvard or Yale. St. Louis also possesses excellent seminaries for the education of young women. The Mary Institute is virtually a College. To students pursuing the extended course, it offers the main advantages of a liberal culture. It opens to young women fields of study and sources of refined enjoyment from which they have been too long excluded. Such institutions exert a beneficent influence upon society. They add to wealth the graces of polite culture, invest poverty with honorable means of self-support, and enrich ©very fireside with ampler resources of happiness. The Polytechnic Institute of St. Louis is a noble monument of private munificence and public usefulness. The building is one of the most expensive and superb structures in the United States. The cost of erection, together with the value of the grounds, was more than $400,000. The edifice is worthy of its use. It will be devoted to the service of practical science. Here the philosophy of the industrial arts will be taught. In these halls, artisans will receive gratuitous instruction in those scientific principles which underlie every mechanical pursuit. The processes which mere experience can but imperfectly discover at the close of a business life may hei-e be accurately learned at the beginning. The apprentice and artificer can here acquire briefer solutions of mechanical prob- lems, cheaper methods of manufacture, and the latest appliances of ehemical science to the industrial arts. Poverty will debar no student from the halls of this institution. The instruction is free. A mastery of the practical principles taught in the Polytechnic Institute is a strong guarantee of business success. There is no reason why St. Louis, with its admirable system of public schools and higher institutions of learning, should not become the center of Western culture. The metropolis of the West should diffuse throughout this vallej^ those principles of mental and moral enlightenment on which our republican civilization rests. The State University of Missouri, located at Columbia, was seriously injured by the ravages of civil war. Insurgent violence caused a suspension of the literary exercises and a partial destruction of the buildings. But the appropriation gi-anted by the last Legis- lature will repair the injuries of the rebellion and restore the University to its former usefulness. The central location of this institution adapts it to the convenience of the interior. Eeorganized on a broader basis and imbued with a progressive spirit, our State University will be capable of efficient service in the cause of educa- tion and freedom. 56 Active effoi'ts are now making, with every probability of ultimate BxiccesH, for the establishment of an Agricultural College in Missouri. The new institution will be an important addition to the educational facilities of the State. By teaching the economic processes of scientific husbandry, by determining the analysis and capacities of different soils, by explaining the philosophy of fertili- zation and the remedy for defects of essential elements, by exploring the cause and cure of vegetable diseases, by discovering the nature of injurious insects and the means of destroying them, by testing the adaptation of valuable foreign plants to our own lands, and by ele%^ating the chief industry and reliance of the nation to the dignity of a science, an Agricultural College would actively promote the material and mental development of the State. The public school law of Missouri is liberal and equitable. It imposes upon the people of the State the duty of maintaining free schools. It provides for the education of all classes, without distinction of color. This law fully accords with the spirit of the age. Its provisions embody the soundest philosophy and the finest humanity of civil ethics. Missouri encourages immigrants by a just and generous care for the education of their children. Immigrants will find here not only rare opportunities for material success, but excellent facilities for the cultivation of those spii'itual forces which determine the destinies of men and the greatness of nations. SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS AND FACILITIES FOR IMMIGRATION TO MISSOURI. The provisions of the new Constitution of Missouri ai-e highly favorable to immigrants. By the liberal terms of this Charter "Every white male citizen of the United States, and every white male person of foreign birth who may have declared his intention to become a citizen of the United States, according to law, not less than one year nor more than five years before he offers to vote, who is over the age of twentyone years, who is not disqualified by or under anj- of the provisions of this Constitution, and who shall have complied with its requirements, and have resided in the State one year next preceding an}^ election, or next preceding his regis- tration as a voter, and during the last sixty days of that period shall have resided in the county, city or town where he offers to vote, or seeks registr-ation as a voter, shall be entitled to a vote at such elections for all officers, State, county or municipal, made elective by the people." There are hundreds of thousands of acres of valuable land in this State subject to entry under the homestead law. The conditions 57 of this law are generous: "Any pei'son who is the head of a family, or who has arrived at the age of twenty-one years, and is a citizen of the United States, or who shall have filed his intentions to become such, as required by the naturalization laAvs of the United States, and who has never borne arms against the United States Govern- ment, or given aid and comfort to its enemies shall, from and after the Ist of January, 1863, be entitled to enter one quarter section or less quantity of unappropriated public lands, upon which said person may have filed a pre-emption claim, or which may at the time the application is made be subject to pre-emption, at $1.25 or less' per acre; or 80 acres or less of such unappi'opriated lands at $2.50 per acre, to be located in a body, in conformity to the legal sub- divisions of the public lands, and after the same shall have been surveyed : Provided, That any person owning and residing on land may, under provisions of this act, enter other land lying contiguous to his or her said land, which shall not, with the land so already owned or occupied, exceed in the aggregate one hundred and sixty acres." The cost of entry at the land office is $14. After a residence of five years upon the land and the additional payment of $4, the title is complete, and a patent, vesting in the occupant the fee simple of the property, is issued. The humblest manual laborer can, by the earnings of a single month, purchase a farm of a hundred and sixty acres. By the liberality of our beneficent Government, the poor man can buy a homestead at less than twelve cents an acre. Any public lands in Missouri, contemplated by the terms of the act, can be entered under the homestead law. The Government accepts in payment for public lands cash, land warrants and agri- cultural scrip. By act of Congress passed July 2, 1862, "this scrip, when duly assigned and attested by two witnesses, under such authoritj^ of the said State as the act of the Legislature thereof may designate, may be surrendered at any land office in satisfaction of a location of "one quarter of a section," or for any quantity in one legal subdivision less than one quarter section, where such location is taken in full for one quarter section — the location to be restricted to vacant public lands subject to entiy at private sale at $1.25 per aci'e, mineral lands excluded, and whilst the aggregate location of all the claims under the said act may be taken in any of the territories without limitation as to the quantity located in any one of them, yet, in virtue of express limitation in the statute, not more than 1,000,000 acres of the total aggregate scrip-issue under said act can be located within the limits of any of the States." Agricultural scrip is now very cheap. It can be bought at sixty cents an acre; in other words, 160 acres of land, which the Govern- ment values at $200, can be purchased by means of this scrip for $96. But one difficulty attends the location of land with College scrip. Under a 160 acre land warrant, the sole requision is that the forty acre subdivisions shall lie in contiguous tracts. But a location with scrip demands that the land shall constitute a "quai'ter section" in the technical sense of the law. Divide a "section" into four equi- lateral parts — 160 acres, if entered with scrip, must comprise one of 58 these squares. No other form will satisfy the requirements of the law. There are now three land districts in Missouri. A new division has recently been made. The Ironton district lies east of range 11 west, and south of township 38. The recording office is at Ironton. The Springfield district comprises that portion of the State which is situated west of range 10 west, and south of township 35. The registry'' is at Springfield. The Boonville district embraces all the rest of the State. The office of entry is located at Boonville. Letters of inquiry should be addressed to the "Eegister of Public Lands" in that district where the immigrant proposes to settle. Gratuitous information relative to the character and adapta- tions of lands in their several departments is promptly furnished by the land officers. The Graduation Act was repealed in 1862. The public lands are. now in largo demand. Thousands of im- migrants are now coming to Missouri. But the danger of exhausting our supply of lands is not im- minent. Official returns, just received from the registries, show that there are now in the Boonville District — 790,000 acres of unentered public lands. L-onton " 1,000,000 " " Springfield " 2,000,000 " " As in each of these cases the lowest estimate of the registers has been given, it is probable that there are now in this State more than 4,000,000 acres of land still subject to entry. The efl:ect of freedom upon the material interests of Missouri is most palpable. When it is remembered that the ordinance of emancipation was passed January 11, 1865, the following figures, recently derived from official sources, are eminently instructive : The entries in the Ironton District wei'e in 1863 655 acres, " " " 1864 7,395 " « " « 1865 21,709 « " " " 1866 60,181 " From 1860 to 1866 inclusive, 17,375 acres were entered under the Pre-emption Act; and, in the years 1864, '65, and '66, 71,542 acres were registered under the Homestead Law. The statistics of the Boonville office are a still more signal illustratioB of the influence of universal liberty. For the year and three quarters preceding the passage of the Ordinance of Emancipation, the entries at the Boonville office were 38,496 acres — for the same period subsequent to the passage of that act, the entries were 607,145 acres. Of this vast quantity, 402,392 acres were entei"ed during the last year, prior to the first of October. During the rebellion, the disturbed condition of the State greatly diminished the number of entries. Yet, after making every 59 just allowance for the decrease due to civil disorder, our comparison Btill sio-nally vindicates the superior prosperity of freedom. Bnt even these facts do not fully indicate the extent of our ira- miffi-atioB. Thousands of immigrants have bought improved larms, but of course the land office keeps no record of such transfers of prop- erty The effect of this large accession to our population has been to rai^e the price of improved lands. Though our cultivated larmB can still be purchased at very low rates, yet Eastern men must no lono-er indulge the hope of buying our best lands at the prices which prevailed before the disenthralment of the State. Nor must they expect to find amid the rude conditions of frontier life the social ad- vantao-es of older communities. A recollection of this obvious fact will prevent disappointment. The immigrant will find here an in- exhaustible richness of soil and mine. A wild, exuberant, fruitful nature lies before him. But his own energy must develope its re- sources and his own art fashion abundant materials into a beautiful home ^Nature furnishes the facilities, but man must use them. The intelligent forecast of our railroad and steamboat com- panies leads them to encourage immigration by special favors. They often give to destitute immigrants free or reduced trans- portation, their policy is sagacious. The generosity _ which immediately relieves the beneficiary will eventually enrich the benefactor. "The Board of Immigration of the State of Missouri' was oreanized under an act of the Legislature, approved Feb. 16, 1865. The following sections, copied from the amended act, express the constitution, objects and resources of the Board. ''Be it enacted hy the General Assembly of the State of Missouri as follows: "Section 1. There shall be a Board of Immigration, which shall be composed of five members, three of which are to be appointed by the Governor. "Sec 2 The Governor and Secretary- of State shall be ex-ofticio members of this board; and it shall be its duty to do all and every- thing which may and will advance and encourage immigration to this State, either from the eastern States of the United States or from the eastern hemisphere. "Sec 3 The members of this board shall, if they deem_ it advisable and proper for the encouragement of immigration, publish or cause to be published pamphlets, essays and articles treating on and describing, in a true light, the developed and tindeveloped agricultural and mineral resources of the State of Missouri, our facilities for navigation, railroad connections, and our wide-spreaa commerce, and to distribute them in such localities ^^'l^crever, m their opinion, they may be useful, beneficial and of good for the promotion of immigration to our State. "Sec. 4. They also shall have power, whenever deemed exped- ient br them, to appoint an agent or agents, either for the eastern States of the United States or for Europe, for the purpose of aiding and advising immigration; and such agent or agents shall act solely 60 under the instruction of the Board of Immigration, who shall also fix and allow their compensation for their services, to be paid out of the fund created as hereinafter provided. '^Sec. 8. The sum of two thousand dollars, annually, is hereby appropriated out of any money in the Treasury of the State not otherwise appropriated, for the use of the Board of Immigration, to be expended by them as they think best and expedient for the interest of immigration to the State of Missouri, which shall be in full of all other appropriations. "Sec. 9. The Board of Immigration is furthermore authorized and shall have power to open books and invite and solicit contribu- tions and endowments of money from corporations, manufacturers, merchants and all persons who are immediately and directly bene- fited by the flow of immigration ; which money so contributed shall also be under the control of and expended by the Board for the intents and purposes in the preceding section stated. <'Sec. 12. It shall be the duty of said Board to co-operate with the Bureau of Immigration at Washington City, and to make regu- lar reports of their labors and proceedings to the General Assembly of the State, accompanied by such references, suggestions and statistics as may furnish good and reliable data and a proper basis for future legislation on the subject of immigration." The total receipts of the Board during 1865 and '66 were about §10,500. A rigid economy has presided over all disbursements. But the unsufficiency of the present apjjropriation greatly restricts the usefulness of the Board. A legislative liberality, proportioned to the importance of the work, would enable the officers to enlarge the operations and secure the beneficial objects of the organization. The results already attained, in despite of limited means, evince the wisdom of the Legislature in creating the Board, and justify san- guine expectations of future utility. ^ It is believed that 2000 families have been induced to settle in Missouri through the agency of this association. Thousands of letters of inquiry have been answered, and a large amount of valu- able information upon the resources of the State has been circulated. The first report of the Secretary is full of useful facts. The officers of the Missouri State Board of Immigration are : Gov. Trios. C. Fletcher, President, Jeff"erson City, Mo. F. Rodman, Secy, of State, Vice Pres., " " " Hon. Isidor Bush, Secretary, 322 Chestnut St., St. Louis. Hon. a. Valle, Treasurer, " '' " " Hon. F. Muench, German Correspondent, Augusta, Mo. Rev. Martin W. Willis, Gen. Agent, 309 Locust st., St. Louis. Office of State Board of Immigration " " " " The Secretary and Agent will cheerfully respond to all inquiries concerning Missouri. By the diffusion of free information and by the encouragement of personal assistance, the Board is actively fulfilling the object of its organization. The name of the " German Emigrant Aid Society" imports the nature of its services. The capital of this organization is now 6! about $5,000, and the prospect of an early enlargement is hopeful. The ofiiciency of the society is ajeater by far than its means. Its benevolent activity is restricted to the relief of indigent Germans. The following statement exhibits some of the labors of this society during the past year. Number of families forwarded to their destination 7 " " patients treated at the hospital 15 " " persons provided with board 70 '•' " " aided with money 78 " " " supplied with work 146 " " days' board furnished 181 Amount of pecuniary assistance S365 '( recovered for lost baggage $524 " dispatched to immigrants SI, 289 But perhaps the larger part of the labor of this society escapes the form of tabular expression. It has directed immigrants to those portions of the State best adapted to the exercise of their several vocations, recommended the cheapest lines of travel, negotiated loans, recovered delayed baggage, procured legal advice and com- pelled the fulfilment of contracts for transportation. Its services in cases of sickness, destitutioti and helplessness have been unre- mitting and effective. "The MuUanphy Emigrant Eelief Fund" is under the manage- ment of a Board of Commissioners composed of the Mayor of 8t. Louis and a member — elected by the Common Council — from each of the ten wards of the city. The amount of this fund is over $500,000. The property is mostly unproductive real estate. At first, the title of the lands was contested, and the Board was seriously, embarrassed by suits at law. After the adjustment of the rights of possession, the improvements, so long deferred by litigation, were begun. In 1864 and '65, the Board spent $40,000 in the erection of buildings. During the present year, the rent of fifteen new houses will still further enlarge the revenue of the fund. The net income from the estate is now $10,000 a year. It is the present policy of the Board to expend almost all of this sum in the improvement of the property. By this process the quickest increase of capital and the amplest means of future usefulness will be secured. In 1865, the almoner of the board dispensed $1,000 for the relief and assistance of foreign immigrants. The Commissioners are now erecting, at a cost of $25,000, a large building at the corner of Sixth and Gratiot streets. The structure will be 40 feet front, 120 feet deep, and 3 stories high. Its accommodations will be spacious. It will contain 75 berths, and couches could be spread, upon an emergency, in the open spaces. It will comprise rooms for baggage, bathing, and cooking. An elevator and a safe will complete the conveniences of the establish- ment. The Board think that the accommodations of this building will be sufficiently large to meet the present wants of all that class of immigrants contemplated in the bequest. The friendly and judi- 62 cioiis hospitalities of this institution will not only relieve destitu- tion, but also promote immigration. The following extract from the organic ordinance of the Common Council fully explains the uses of the Mullanphy fund : ''First. In order that relief from said fund shall be furnished . to all poor immigrants and travelers coming to St. Louis, on their way bona fide to settle in the West, a building shall be erected upon a lot at some convenient point, a part of which shall be fitted up for lodging and boarding rooms, with a hall for use in the day; and on the lower floor, let there be kept the ofiice of the Secretary of the Board and the business room, to which immigrants and travelers may first be taken. This plan is subject to such modifications b}'' the Board of Commissioners as may be found convenient. This house shall have ample room for the deposit of baggage of the im- migrants, and for other necessary conveniences. An officer shall be appointed to be the Secretary and Business Agent of the Board. He shall collect all information needful for the benefit of immigrants and travelers, relating to climate, soil, character of land, &c., that will enable immigrants and travelers to learn, as far as practicable, all facts relating to localities by which they may determine the best place for them to go, and he shall. In' all means in his power, and in the manner required of him by the Board, keep up correct inform- ation upon all such subjects, and he shall use his best endeavors to procure and keep in his office all information needed for the pur- poses above named, and shall procure and keep registered, as far as practicable, a list of lands in different localities which may be offered to settlers, with a note of all facts relating thereto. Second. There shall be appointed an Assistant Secretary by the Board. He shall visit all boats and trains of cars arriving with immigrants and travelers, make himself known to them and give them such information on the spot as they should have to enable them to pass safely through the city, and, where they need assistance, he shall, under regulations to be adopted by the Board, take them to the building with their baggage when necessary, and see that they are safely placed within the chai'ge of agents of the house. There they shall by him be furnished with all necessary information as to boats, routes and lands, so as to be thoroughly infoi'med upon all points useful to them. Where immigrants are poor and needy, they shall be relieved under regulations to be prescribed by the Board. And it shall be the especial duty of this officer to protect immigrants and travelers from impositions and false information attempted by runners, and upon their departure this officer shall procure their tickets and superintend their shipment." After the full improvement of the Mullanphy estate, the princely revenue accruing from the rents will be exclusively donated to the assistance of needy immigTants. Many a friendless passengcf will yet bless the memory of him who organized his generosity into a perpetual beneficence. Even a general description of the Counties of Missouri would far exceed the prescribed limits of this pamphlet. Emigrants desir- ing such fullness of practical detail must procure the Geological 63 Eeports of the State, or wait till they reach St. Louis, where it will be easy to obtain all the information they need. Immigrants who have not already decided npon a location should buy through tickets to the farthest points which they purpose to explore. For, even in case they should not go quite to the proposed destination, the local rates are so high that it would still be a matter of economy to pur- chase the through ticket. Parties who propose to settle in the "West would do well to foi'm colonies. Then they could at once command the advantages of organized communities. They could bear with them their household gods, and rear in their honor sacred and secular temples — the church and the school house. The institutions transplanted from a less genial clime might flourish in our fertile soil with a richer growth and mature the fruitage of a still fairer civilization. Our limitless expanse of unsettled lands invites the occupancy of colonists. The population of Missouri is not pi'oportioned to the magnitude of the State. In 1860, our census was 1,182,000. If this State was as densely peopled as England, Missouri would contain a population of 25,000,000. By the extent and diversity of its resources, Missouri is better able to support this vast number in competency and independence than England is to maintain its present population. Missouri needs able-bodied men. There is opulence i-n muscle. The physical energies of a healthful man in the prim.e of life are appraised at $1,000. Every robust immigrant, however unblessed with the goods of fortune, enriches the State with his wealth of sinew. Our broad acres need the labors of myriads of workmen. The suppression of the rebellion is an augury of peaceful thrift. The restoration of the Union is a guarantee of National greatness. The American people are now entering upon a career of material prosperity to which the annals of political economy present no parallel. It requires no gift of prophecy to fortell the thronging millions who will, within a score of years, people this vast valley. A simple calculation based upon the tables of the census is all the in- spiration which the prediction demands. The tidal waves of pop- ulation which follow the star of empire will not pause in their westward flow, till they break against the rocky barriers of the Sierra Nevada. The rich mineral deposits of the Eocky Mountains will lead to an early settlement of the surrounding country. Soon tens of millions will people the vast domain which lies on the "sun- set side of the Father of Waters." Cottages, hamlets, cities will spring up. Every resource of nature will be explored. "Wealth will be developed. The industrial products of the country will reach aggregates which will startle the statistician. The Mississippi valley, whose annual yield of cereals now exceeds 1,000,000,000 bushels, will become the granary of the world. Metallurgy will utilize in eountless forms and uses the rich products of our mines. Our manufactories will create capital, economize material, natur- alize gold, nationalize comfort, vindicate our industrial independence, and satisfy our American wants with domestic productions. The excliange of commodities, in obedience to the laws of demand and sup- ply will freight our railroads with the merchandize of a vast internal trade. Our vessels, laden with richer cargoes than the fabled freights of classic argosies, navigating every stream and traversing every main, will expand our inland and international commerce into still grander proportions. The restless energies of the Anglo- American character will achieve a greatness that will surpass precedent, and justify' to mankind the soundness of our faith in the incentives, stability and excellence of republican institutions. In the accomplishment of this great national destiny, Missouri will do her full part. Emerging from her fierce conflict with treason, triumphant yet sorely wounded, she will not now, with her brow radiant with the new luster of freedom and her loins girt with the untarnished cincture of loyalty, yield to any of her sister States in the generous rivalries of peace. But her present industrial force is not equal to the development of her resources. She urgently solicits assistance. She seeks the co-operation of the self-reliant laborers of New England, and of the two hundred thousand sturdy immigrants who are annually landing' at the port of New York, She promises a cordial welcome and liberal compensation to the higher classes of trained and skilful workmen. She especially needs educated labor. She appeals to an intelligent self-interest, and invites the potters, goldsmiths, watchmakers, vinedressers, silk- weavers, glassmakers and metallurgists of Europe to come to her heritage and better their condition. Free Missouri, instinct with the spirit of progress and loyal to the genius of republican liberty will welcome the immigrant to the enjoyment of her boundless advantages, and enrich his industry with generous recompense. Millions may accept the proffered hospitalities without exhausting the ample board which Missouri spreads upon her table lands. 65 RICH FARMS AND GOOD HOMES I AT LOW PRICES AND OK LIBEEAL TEEMS! THE HANNIBAL 8c ST. JOSEPH RAILROAD COMPANY OFFER FOR SALE OVER OP THE Best Prairie, Timber and Goal Lands in the West! IN FORTY ACRE LOTS OR MORE, OKT TTT^O OHL n?':ESJ>J- 'S'lEl.^a.H.S OH3ES3D3CT! AT PRICES RANGING FROM $2,4© to $3, $4, $5, $6, $9, $12, $15, &c., AVERAGIIVG UJVDER $10 PER ACRE. 28 per Cent, is Deilnctefl from 10 Years Crclit Price if fully pail in 2 Tears! Free Fare. — Exploring Land buyers should get tickets at Land office in Ilannibal, in order to have fare on this Railroad refunded or allowed on first payment for land. Town lots in towns on the Railroad are sold for one-third of value down, one-third in one year, and one-third in two years with interest. These Railroad Lands are located in twenty counties in North Missouri, about as follows : COUNTIES. ACRES. COUNTIES. ACRES. Pike ' 1,520 Linn 56,200 Ralls 1,560 Carroll 18,560 Marion 1,530 Livingston 60,400 Lewis 640 Grundy 4,560 Knox 280 Caldwell 62^,360 Monroe 8,006 Daviess 19,080 Shelby 18,000 Clinton 89,720 Randolph 4,960 DeKalb, 55,880 Macon 83,240 Buchanan 1,24« Chariton 21,550 Andrew 2,320 Hannibal and St. Joseph R. R, Land Circulars, Giving full particulars, are furnished gratis, and persons wishing to enlist their friends to emigrate with them should apply for all they want to circulate. A SECTIONAL MAP, showing the exact location of the lands, is sold at thirty ceata. Apply by letter or otherwise to GSO. S. HARRIS^ Land Commissioner H. & St. J. E, E., HANNIBAL, MO. 5 66 MISSOURI RAIL ROAD With its southeastern terminus at St. Louis, with its anticipated extensions and branches and natural advantages, is destined to become one of the most important lines in the West. It will be a line of MORE THAN 400 MILES All in the State, TO THE mwA sf 4f 1 Mm It will extend 235 miles, and with connections, reach St. Paul and Dubuque. Its West Branch, with eastern terminus at Moberly, where it forms a junction with the main line, will touch Brunswick, 39 miles, and then stretching across the rich counties of Chariton, Carrol, Ray and Platte, reach the Missouri river again on the western llmi' of the State at Kansas City and Leavenworth, 280 miles from St. Louis. Of the North Missouri Railroad will connect at both places with the Union Pacific Railroad Eastern Division for Denver City and San Francisco : at Atchison with the Central Branch of the Pacific Railway, and at St. Joseph with the Council BlufiFs and Omaha Railway. It is a matter of special remark, that the route of the North Missouri Railroad from St. Louis to Kansas City wiU bo 15 miles, and to Leavenworth 35 miles shorter than by any other lino. AMOTHEB SPUE OF 11 MILES Will soon be running from the main line at Centralia to Columbia, Boono County. And another still is seriously contemplated PK@ii uoBiRLY TO) mmmukL, Qiviog another eastern terminus on the Mississippi, 150 miles above St. Louis. Such are some of the features and outlines of the North Missouri Railroad, and its extensiouF, •oomprehending nearly 500 MILES OF RAIL ROAD LINE, All in the State of Missouri. . It will be a magnificent monument to the enterprise and foresight of its builders, and at the same time an immeasurable benefit to the State. It will form a link in the great lines that cross the contine^it, and thus be oi advantage to the nation, while it buildg up and incr<»8S(;.-:s the value of the localities in which it i? laiii. 67 The North Missouri R. Is located in a territory, on the whole, equal to anything in the United States though now but sparsely populated. The counties through which it runs, must become populous centres, both on account of the various crops that can be easily produced, and marketed, and because of its additional rich mineral wealth, and its healthy climate at once temperate and beautiful EMIGRANTS FROM THE EAST Passing over our verdant prairies, belted with timber, and intersected with streams are delighted. Nature here has done her best, but asks for the busy hand of industry and art to create fresh beauty, and new wealth. A few years since, there were hardly any settlements or towns from St. Charles to Macon. Now, there are FOHTY BUSY TOWNS END VtUAGES That have started up on the prairies, and are growing with rapidity. They are fortunate, who early find out the resources of Missouri, and invest at the low prices of the present time. if #€E mmi J)' There is no liner country ^or stock or shpep raising than North Missouri. The short winters, the icutritious grasses, the climate, with the low price of lands, and easy access to market cotispire to favor Missouri in the business of wool growing and stock raising, beyond most of her sister states. FRUIT C^ROWINC^. Audrain and the counties south and west of it are peculiarly adapted to the culture of fruits of the finest qualities and in great abundance. If in any thing Missouri is sure to excel, it will be in the culture of the grape. Wine, of the most superior kinds is made on the Missouri river. Some vine- yards produced from $500 to $2000 to the acre in past years. Pifices of Lunds* Through all these various counties the prices differ according to location and advantages, and range from $5 Ta $30 FOR IMPROVED AND UfflPlYED LODS. Some of these lands, for which $10, and $15 per acre are asked, are superior to lauds in the Eastern States, for which $50, to $100 are demanded. t8 t%W ON THE OF THE AILWAY i Km ot$TA«cE mm sr. touts. St. Louis Bellefontaine 4 Bridgton 14 Section 16—17 Ferry Landing 19 St. Charles 20 Dardenne O'Fallon Perruque G-ilmore 39 Wentzville 42 Millville 49 Wrights 52 Warrenton 58 Pendleton 64 Jonesburg 68 High Hill '. TS Florence 77 Montgomery 83 Wellsburg ..; 90 Martinsburg 94 Jeffstovvn 101 Mexico 108 Thompsons 114 Centralia 121 Sturgeon 130 Renick 140 Allen 147 Cairo 153 Jacksonville 158 Butler 162 Macon 168 NOTICE TO EMIGRAMTS. Parties desiring further information about the lands on the North Missouri Railway are referred to : HON. JAMES S. ROLLINS , Columbia, Boone Co. JUDGE J. P. CLARK, Mexico, Audrain Co. GEN. JAMES SHIELDS, Carrollon, Carrol Co. JUDGE L. SALISBURY Salisbury, Chariton Co. JUDGE DAVIS Brumioick " COL. FREDERICK MORSEY Warrtnton, Warren Co. N. B. COATES, ESQ Huntsville, Randolph Co. W, R. SAMUEL, ESQ 69 AGIFIC RAILROAD (OF m:issoxjri-) TO ANSAS CIT^, Lawrence, Fort Riley, Junction City, c^^ AND .1 m.ir w/^ipj AND DIRECT ROUTE TO Weston, Atchison, St. Joseph, 9 AND ALL POINTS ON THE UPPER MISSOURI. TWO THBOUGH lUXU tEAVE ST. tOUJS AS FOLLOWS : Mail Train every Morning, except Sunday, Express Train every Evening, except Saturday. SLEEPING CABS ON EXPRESS TRAINS. THEOUGH TO LEAVENWOETH WITHOUT CHANGE, Coanecting at WTANDOIIE with Trains od Union Paciflc Railway, FORT RILEY & JUNCTION CITY. CAN BE SECURED AT TIIK TICKET OFFICE, 42 FOURTH STREET, under the Planters House, AT KANSAS CITY, SANDERSON'S STAGE COMPANY Offers excellent facilities for transportation, and the most direct route for passengers t« con 4 Piiiis II siiii[ii mm. 70 THE PACIFIC RAILROAD (OF m:issoxjr,i,) Is now completed and opened for the TRAKORTATION OF PISSEN&EES AND FREIGHT IT EUHS FROM ST. LOUIS TO Kansas City^ 283 Miles^ TUENCE, fflTHOUX CHANGE OF CARS, TO CONNECTIXQ WITH THE mm vmm mm^H at wva«ootte» — FOR — LAWRENCE, TOPEKII, MANHATTAN, FT. MILET & JUNCTION CITY, AND WITH PACKET AND PLATTE COUNTRY R. R. FOR WiST@I!«, ^TCMBSOIM, ST. JOSiPP, Council Bluffs, Omaha and all points on the Upper Missouri, And is the most direct and only all Rail Route to those points. OverW Stages aiFreiilit Liis for Denver Citj aM Sai!a Fe Run from tUa Western Terraiuua of the Union Pacific Railroad, other lines also branch out iu every direclion, running daily stages and rencliirig every important point iu Middle, Western and South-Western Kansas, And the States and Territones adjoining. A great inducement to emigrants and those who propose to select choice farms for settlement and culture, is the munificent labd grant donated to the Union Pacific Railway by the general Govern- ment, of 1,200,000 acres. This tract comprises the celebrated Delaware and Pottawattamie Indian Re- serves, consisting of the Finest Land for Agricultural and Grazing Purposes, with an abundunco of choice timber, water and coal, to be found in the Western States or Territories. These lamis are now in the market to actual settlers, at the low price of horn #3 TO #10 PER, ACR,E, Upon the most convenient terms to the purchaser. TICKET OFFICES IN ST. LOUIS: No. 42 FOURTH STREET, under Planter's House, AND AT THE DEPOT, COR OF SEVENTH &. POPLAR STREETS. W. 0. LEWIS, C. K. PRATT, T. MCKiSSOCK, Gen'l Ticket Agent Passenger Agent. Sup't. 71 €iri€ m4ii.m#4 (OF MISSOURI.) ,Y ALL RAIL LINE 'XO X Uat ^ttil^^nL) X¥X Jx JX xX^ni X XxjiJ^j AND S^ i^^ .K\ W Wr ^K VRF ^ ^ ^R 3 AND THE MOST DI nn'S!^ TO ALL POINTS IN WESTERN mnmn Missouri, J^1. Perbt. President. W. W. Wright. Ocu I Siip't. Chas. B. IjAMBORn, Si'cietary. T. F. Oakes, Geii'l Agent.. Adolphus Metkr, Vice President. W. J Palmkr, 'I'iciisuier. S. T. Smith, Aiidiior. Jno. M. W liBSTi.K, Gfcii'l Freif;lit& Ticket Agt. DEaCill :Ei.o-o.1;o! OPEIV FOIi BUSINESS From Wyandotte and I.,eavenv»'ortli, on the Missour River, to Fort Uiley, Junction City, and Aliilene, Kansas, 165 miles west, and will be completed to Fort Harker by April 186^. In connection witli tlie Pacific Railroad of Mis-souri, and tlie 11annib.4l and St. Joseph Eailroad form — FROM — NEW YORK, BOSTON, PIIILADELPIII.i, WASHINGTON, BALTIMORE, CINCINNATI, ST. LOUIS, CHICAGO, CAIRO, ME.MPHIS, NASHVILLE, NEW ORLEANS, CHARLESTON, And all piiiicipal Cities North, East and South. To Laivrence, Fort miey, Salhia, Denver City, Topelca, Wamego^ Manhattan, ^function City, Abilene, Solomon City, Ft. Ellswortli, Pond Creek, Santa Fe, Salt Lake City, AND ALI> POINTS IN OREGON AND NEW MEXICO. Trains leave Wyandotte and Leavenworth daily on arrival of cars of Pacific Rail- road of Mo. from St. Louis, and IIannibai. and St. Joseph Railroad from Quincy, for all points in Western and Southern Kansas, and the Territories. THE UNITED STATES EXPRESS CO.'S OVEKLAUD MAIL & EXPRESS COACHES leave the Western Terminus of the Road daily on arrival of cars, for Denver City, Salt Lake City, Central City, Boise City, and all the principal places and cities of Colorado, Montana, Nevada, Utah, Oregon and California. BARLOW, SANDERSON & CO.'S SANTA FE COACHES Leave the end of the Road every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday for Fort Bent, Taos, Fort Union, Santa Fe, Albuquerque, and all points in Arizona and New Mexico. schedule: TIlMJtG. Denver City to New York 6 days. Denver City to St. Louis SJ^ days. Denver City to Chicago 4 days. The southerly location of this route secures exemption from delays and stoppages occasioned by snow, and travellers make than by any other route to the Mountains. It is the most reliable and popular route between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Coast. The Boiling Stock and Equipments are new, and unsurpasseil in durability and elegance. Passengers taking this route save time and ensure comfort. The choice of two first-class routes from the East is offered to shippers, and through contracts may be made for freight to Denver and Santa Fe on application to any of the oflBcers of the Great Western Dispatch Co., or of V/oolworth & Barton, No. 254 Broad way, New York. JNO. M. WEBSTER, ADNA ANDEESON, Gen'l Preight & Ticket Ag't. Gen'l Sup't. 75 LEAD & OIL COMPANY, MANUFACTDRERR OF WHITE LEAD, LINSEED & CASTQB OILS. ST. LOUIS IBD miD OIL CO.'S WARRATNTTED STRICTLY PHEE WHITE LEAD. Stmalai^l Wmw^ 1 The Company prepare White Lead under the following brands : Standard OTallon, Superior, Fulton, Star, Union, Premium, Laclede, Bellefontaine. They also prepare White Lead for their correspondents by special formulas and furnish special brands or labels. The White Lead manufactured by this Co. is guaranteed to equal in qual- ity any manufactured and sold at the same price in this country. It is packed in the patent or common keg, or in tin pails, strongly cased. RAW AND BOILED LINSEED OIL, No. 1 WHITE & S. S. OASTOE OIL. FACTORY: CASS AVBNUE & SECOND STREET, OFFICE: 52T N. SECOND ST, CORNER OF WASHINGTON AVENUE. W. H. PDLSIFER, President. JAMES S. WATERS, Secretary. 76 F[[D MAdHINE. -*o}«:o Combines all the good Qualities Of other first-class machines, and possesses many ADVANTAGES OVER ANV AND All OF THEM ! AJSTD THE Only one Capable of Sewing in More than One Direction. A few of the Superior Qnalifies of the Florence over all others are : The needle is easily adjusted. It is the only machine that can securely fasten both ends of each seam. It is almost noiseless, and can be used where quiet is necessary. It uses and wastes less thread than any other machine. Every machine is furnished with a corder, braider, hemmer, that will turn any width of hem, Barnum's Self-sewer, needles, oil, &c. j5@°"It makes /our distinct stitches — the lock, knot, double lock, and double knot — on one and the same machine. Each stitch is alike on both sides of the fabric. J5@"It has the reversible feed motion, which enables the operator, by simply turning a thumb screw, to have the work run either to the right or left, to stay any part of the seam, or fasten the ends of seams, without turning the fabric, or stopping the machine. B^Changing the length of stitch, and from one kind of stitch to another, can readily be done while the machiue is in motion. l^^Every stitch is perfect in itself, making the seam secure and uniform. We warrant every machine to be what we claim for it, and will give a written warranty if required. For circulars and samples of sewing, enclose a stamp, and address WILLIAM E. PLAIT, Gen'l Western Ag\ h. m CHEST\UT STREET. NEAR TBE COURT aOUSE. P. 0. BOX 2i72, STc LQUlDSr RS(?~. 77 mmiK COMPANY CHAELES BELCHER. EDWARD T. WARE, PRESIDENT. SECRETARY. ALL GRADES OP REFINED SUGAR AND SYRUP CRUSHED, POWDERED, (JEAHDLATED WHITE AND YELLOW COFFEE SUGAR In Barrels and Half Barrels. Gi-03La33E3r^ ®"Sr:E=LXJ:E=»» SUGAR HOUSE SYRUP MOLASSES IN BARRELS, HALF BARRELS AND KEGS. B@"Orders, accompanied by a remittance, addressed to Edward T. Ware, Secretary, will be promptly filled at lowest prices. Price lists will be regularly sent, if applied for. 78 NATIONAL LOAN BANK OIP ST. LOTJIS BANKING HOUSE: 210 NORTH THIRD STREET, SECOND DOOR SOUTH OF POSTOFFICB. CAPITAL, $250,000. T. B. EDGAE, Pres. CHAUNCBY I. FILLEY, CHAELES HOLMES, JOSHUA CHEEYEE, WILLIAM H. MAUEICE, Cashier. OUSHEMT Km ttm DEPOSITS HHGEtVEO. INTEEEST ALLOWED ON TIME DEPOSITS ^t tlie Hate of 5 per Cent, per Annum for three Months, This Bank makes the « cc « c< civ- f^ OP ALL KINDS OF GOVERNMENT SECURITIES A speciality, paying at all times the most liberal prices for 5-20 BONDS OF ALL ISSUES, 10-40 BONDS, 7-30 NOTES, COMPOUND INTEEBST NOTES, and UNION MILITAEY BONDS. Parties forwarding any description of Securities to this Bank for sale can rely upon receiving the highest market price for the same, and the proceeds remitted promptly on day of sale. WM. H. MAUEICE, Cashier. 79 AND ILLIKOIS BRIDGE COMPANY. O XT' F-l CE: FORTH-WEST COE. THIRD & PINE STS. OVER NATIONAL STATE BANK OF MISSOURI. CHAS. K. DICKSON, President. JAS. BLACKMAN, Y ice President. JOSEPH C. CABOT, • Secretary, JAS. B. EADS, Chief Engineer. JOHN M. KEIJM, Counsellor. BOARD OF DIRECTORS. CHAS. K. DICKSON, JAS. BLACKMAN, JAS. B. EADS, AMOS COTTING, WM. TAUSSIG, BARTON BATES, TT?OS. 0. SCOTT, JOSIAII FOGG, JNO. R. LIONBERGER. Tice Pres. Peiin. Central R. R. THE SL LOUIS AND ILLINOIS BRIDGE WILL EXTEND FROM THIRD STREET, ON WASHIKGTON AVE., ACROSS TO Bloody Island and the Dyke, It is located at the very centre of the city. Washington Avenue is the widest and finest street in St. Louis. The Company OWN AN ABSOLUTE AND EXCLUSIVE RIGHT OF W4Y. Some of the heaviest railroad corporations and banking institution b in the country have taken stock in the Company. Of the work are nearly completed. Two assessments on the stock subscription have already been paid, and two more will be called in by the first of next August. 8C w nmmmm m. EO. H. EEA, President, St. Louis. Wffl. H. SCUDDER, Secretary, St. Louis G. G. RUSSELL, Superintendent, St. Louis, J, T. BDRDEAU, General Agent, New Orleans, OFiniCE: ONWHARF BOATt FOOT OF PLUM STHEET, ST. HiOXJIS. THIS COMPANY IS NOW PREPARED TO TOW BARGES & TRANSPORT FREIGHTS In Bulls OF o'tkesp'i^ise IN AS QUICK TIME ASD AT LESS PRICE THM BY AHY OTHER METHOD OF TEASSPaETATIOB 81 SAML C. DAVIS & CO., WHOLESALE DEALERS IN ■J^ ^^ 1^1^^ mm % w 'P ai:"^^ ^ ^s ^ Mos. e ^ lO J^. MAIN ST.^ ST. LOUIS, livdlO. We invite the attention OF THE TO OUR LARGE AND WELL ASSORTED STODK. f&7 B. 8 ENTER. J. P, COLLIER. R, RA1S"KF.!V. SENTER, COLLIER & RAIKE] Successors to CABOT & SENTER, W #ii m KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND OF AND FANCY WHICH THEY OFFER TO THB TRADE AT i 2^ i urn m ill siiiciie siock No. 305, Old No. 76, NORTH SECI «jij £ ;f , MWis. ii#, 83 :^<^^ ® fF% H^ Menton ^ €o.^ IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF DRY GOODS, NOTIONS, &C., NO. 513 NORTH MAIN ST., Are daily adding new importations of Staple and Fancy Dry Goods, purchased for casli.. and ofifer greater inducements to Cash Buyers than any other house in the West. Their NOTION DEPARTMENT is now unexcelled by any house in the Western Country. They have now in store the best selected and most extensive stock of HOSIERY AND GLOVES, Ever exhibited in the United States, and are constantly receiving by direct importation a complete assortment of all the most popular brands of Which they oflFer at greatly reduced prices to merchants purchasing for cash. Thi» House, selling exclusively for cash defies competition, and asks the trade to. call and examine their magnificent stock of Staple and Fancy Dry Goods. Their facilities for purchasing are far superior to those of any of their competitors, and their Enables them to purchase their entire stock at m IPI W. fir. Memtom ^ €0.9 Having determined to adhere strictly to Can aflFord to offer GREAT BARGAINS TO CASH BUYERS. 84 HARDW ARE AND CU TLERY. PBATT & FOX, COR. MAIN STREET AND WASHINGTON AVE., ST« IflOUIS^ MO. We have in stock and are daily receiving some choice patterns of TABLE AND POCKET TO WHICH WE INVITE THE ATTENTION OF THE TKADE. Ako a large stock of THACE CHAINS, LOG CHAINS, COIL CHAINS, HALTEB CHAINS, ''G^^ HORSE NAILS, ANVILS, VICES. And a general assortment of FOBEIOM AND AMERICAN HARDWARE, Which we offer to the trade at the lowest market quotations. FORSYTH & GO'S STANDARD SCALES. A large stock of every description of above Scales always on hand, and sold at "Manufactiireus' Prices". Sole Proprietors of "MeHden&all's" Improved Patent Hand looin, For Missouri, Kansas, and all the Territories. Agents for "AMERICAN FILE COMPANY'S" FILES. A large and well assorted stock always on hand, AVarranted equal to any American File, and sold at "Manufacturers' List Price," Also Agents for HERMSG'g FIRE AND BURGLAR PROOF SAFES. A full stock of Hunt's Axes, **Ames'" and* '^Rowland's'' Shovels and Spader, J*ic7cs, Miners' Tools, Builders' Hardware and Railroad. Supplies, always on hand, Which we offer at lowest market rates. 85 CHAUIiCEY I. FILLEY \t^ ^@mi 13II1ICCT IIMPOR-TKR. A.N1L> JOBBER, OF AND AV/'Af /A\/< !^ ^^ ^^ mm ■&ai Oil Eitttnps^ FRUIT JARS, &c. Dealing direct both Avith foreign and borne manufacturors in all his wares and having the exclusive control of the Mound City and Kansas Shapes of WHITE CnANtTE QUEENSWAHE In the United States, offers inducements in the magnitude and variety of his Stock, and uniform low prices, that cannot fail to suit Western Buyers and more than compete with an^^ market ill the United States. Dealers will be supplied with circulars and full list of shapesi and sizes upon application. SB WAYMAN CHOW. MM. A. HARQADINE. irUGII MoKITTRICK. D. D. WALKER. JSXK ®A/r>^\ o Ph M Eh r- , o e4 H o Has but one damper, and is "so simple in^ its construction that a child can manage it. The ovens are larger, bake more uniform, and the Stove heavier than any Cooking Stove of corresponding size ever made. HOUSEKEEPERS, STOVE DEALERS AND TtMNERS "Can rely upon being supplied at the lowest rates, and will find it to their advantage to send for and examine our price List and Catalogues before purchasing elsewhere. Address EXCELSIOR MANUFAGTORIHG COMPANY, 612 & 614 MAIN STREET,, ST. LOUIS, MO. 88 MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN ^^^Ji Hard CARRIAGE TRIMMINGS ,1^^ £i©l HAVE ON HAND Tbe largest & Best Assorted Stock of Goods^ To be found in the West, comprising every variety and pattern of BUCKLES, STIRRUPS, a€#l gi^^ e)»j] lagi^ HAMES AND OOLLAES, l©§^ Spring §, ®Q)8t§, AND Carriage Trimmings generally. Most of our staple goods we manufacture, and in addition to this advantage, are prepared to sell many goods at eastern manu- facturers' prices. Orders solicited. HAYDEN, WILSONS & ALLEN. 89 VITRIFIKB STOWH PIPE 8 TO 88 INCHES IN DIAMETER, FOR SEWERS, CULVERTS, DRAINS, AQUADUCTS, &c., Also, Jugs, Jars, Bottles, Pots, Crocks, Pans, &c., p>iiicii: LIST. 3 inch Socket Pipe, per foot,. . .18 cents 12 inch Socket Pipe, per foot 4 " " '• " ...20 " 12 " King " " U^ 6 ...SO ...40 ...45 ...55 15 18 22 60 ::ent3 5& '■ .... 75 (; ...1 00 " ...1 30 h. t: CHIMNEY TOPS $2 to a eacli. Stench Traps $1 to $10 each. Junctions, Curves, Elbows and otlier Irregulars each coui)te MANUFACTURE AND DEAL IN EVERY DESCRIPTION OF merchant Bar. Boiler Plate and Iron, Car Axles, Railroad and Boat Spil^es, Boiler Rivets, &c>, &Ct JAS. HARRISON, Pres't. JULES VALLE, Vice Pres't. CHAS. A, PILLEY. Sec'y. AMERICAN IRON MOUNTAIN COMPANY, St. I^oiiijs Offices 603 IVortli Second Sti-eet, MANUFACTURE AND DEAL IN lEON MOUNTAIN, MALLEABLE, OAU WHEEL, MILL AND FOUNDEY PIG lEOU, AND IRON MOUNTAIN ORE. JOI ODD FELLOWS' HALL, CORNER OF FOURTH & LOCUST 5 ST. LOiCS, H®. THIS IS A FULL COURSE COMMERCIAL OR BUSINESS COLLE&E. IN ALL ITS DEPARTMENTS PERFECT, The President is a practical Accountant and Teacher of Twenty-six Years' standing in this city. The entire routine of the respective departments is .founded upon ACTUAL BUSINESS, and made to conform to the exact re- quirements of the Counting-house; and Book-keeping as adapted to the Whole- sale, Retail, Banking, Mamifaduring and Commission Business, &c. Hundreds of the oldest and most prominent busines.s-men and book-keepers of this city have been educated in this Institution, to whom personal reference will be given upon application to JONATHAN JONES, Fourth and Locust Streets. , 94 JAMES COLLINS, Late of Gaty, McCune Sf Co. JNO. J. IIOLLIDAY. .¥, COLLINS Sc Ho. 313 Garr St., St. I«ouis, BIANUFACTUREES OF STATIONARY & PORTABLE STEAM EN&IMS & BOILERS, MULAY AND CmCOLAR SAW MILLS, Saiv and Grist Mill Macliiiiery, RoISing Mill and Blast Furnace Castings, Wrought Shafting and House TFork, Parker & Johnston's Water Wheels, Tol>arco and Lard Press Screws, and Compound Tobacco Presses, L.ard Rettles, and Iron and Brass CASTIIVGS, of every kind 5 also, Quartz Mills and Smelting Furnaces of the most approved descriptions. \l^ Particular attention 2>(iid to Steafnboat WorJc, JheUM KNITS A STOCKING COMPLETE!! Forming the Heel and narrowing off the Toe as it goes along. It Sets Up its Oivn Work, Widens and narrows by varying the number of loops, the same as in hand-knitting. No other machine in the world can do any one of these things. It knits a yard of plain work i]V TEN m:iivtjtes, A pair of socks complete IN HALF AN HOUR, and an endless variety of fancy fabrics. Every^Machine'.Warranted to Work as Represented. Circulars and sample stocking sent to any address on receipt of stamps. M. W. LEET, General Agent, No. 11 NORTH 5th STREET, mm LfiCHiiE. The Champion ■ ■ of 136 first pre? miums in two HH seasons. ' 'Its seam is ^3W s t r o n g e r and less liable to rip than the Lock Stitch."— "Judges' Report of the Grand Tricl." Scud for the "Report," and Samples of work, containiiij!: both kinds of stitches on the same piece of goods. Agents wauted. M. W. LEET, Gen'I h^enU No. UN. Fifth St., ST. LOUIS, MO. 95 THE REPOSITORY & SALE ROOMS Of the celebrated Carriage Factory Of HOO MER ^ CO. Are at the old stand of T. B. EDGAR, Nos. 409 & 411 North Third Street, BETWEEN LOCUST AND VINE STREETS, mm. &@)Wis, M@e i8@°"Tlns Manufactory is dem- onstrably the largest in the coun- try outside of the limits of New York. The capital of the Com- pany is almost unlimited, and their stock of can-iages, made of the best material, and with the finest workmanship, comprises every new style known to the business. The public is cordially invited to visit this old establishment. NATHAN OAKD, Superintendent. .lAMES RICHARDSON. W. C, FORD. Ricliardson & Co., )?) IMPORTERS' AND MANUFACTURERS' AGENTS, IVos. '7'04 A.ND T'Oe ]V. ]>XAIN SXBLEET, fiK Ln ^ ^—r ^ MUSIC ^ STORE, No. 205 N Fourth street, ST. LOUIS. SEND FOR CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST, 96 .-L?JL 9 ] ^T Cu. J €€RHEH FIFTH & WALHUT STS., Under Southern Hotel, Btt S@lili^ WMt^j GENERAL AGENTS IN THE WEST FOR THE MASOH & HAMLIN CABINET OMG^MN^ FOR nmum, mmmz a ecuoots, —AND— MADE BY QEO. STECK & CO,, JAMES W. VOSE, AND DECKER & GO. ^m Send for circulars and price-lists. Orders sent by mail will be carefully filled. All our instruments are fully waranted for five years. We sell for CASH ONLY, and at SMALL PEOFITS. Address : . H. SAXTOM ^ CO.;, COB, FIFTH & JFALNUT STREETS, if. 'MmiB^. MQ. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY. Wasuixgton Ukiveksity, founded in the'city of St. Louis dnder an act of incorporation by the State of Missouri, approved February 22, 1853, already comprises five departments and will embrace, when the purpose of its founders is realised, the whole range of University studies, except Theology, and afford opportunity of complete preparation for every sphere of practical and scientific life. The institution is absolutely free from sectarian and partisan bias. Any official action of a denominational or political character is a violation of its charter. The express language is : — "Sec. 2. No instruction, cither sectarian in religion, or party in politics, shall be allowed in any Department of said University, and no sectarian or party test shall be allowed in the election of Professors, Teachers or other ofificers of said University, or in the admission of scholars thereto, or for any purpose whatever." Washington University was founded by citizens of St. Louis. Its endow- ment, in cash and real estate, already exceeds lialf a million dollars. Generous contributions have been made and two Professorships have been established by eastern benefactors, but by far the greater part of this endowment was given by public-spirited citizens of St. Louis. The five departments now organized are the Academic, the Collegiate, the Scientific, the Industrial, and the Mary Institute, TlIK ACADEMY Fits boys either for College or for immediate entrance upon a business life. It has a corps of sixteen teachers. Several of the Professors in the Collegiate department give instruction in the Academy. This is an advantage not usually possessed by schools of this grade. Under its present efficient management, the Academy has required a high reputation for thoroughness of scholarship. Students fitted in this Academy are fully qualified to enter any College in the country. THE COLLEGIATE DEPARTMENT Is unsurpassed in the extent and thoroughness of its course of study. The success which it has attained under the able administration of its present Chancellor is a pledge of still greater usefulness. But while the College has a full corps of Professors, the number of students is small. Western youth, dazzled by the reputation of older institutions, prefer to seek at the East the culture which they could more economically obtain at home. But there are marked advantages in small classes ; comparatively the students receive a much larger share of attention and supervision, and the Professors coming into more intimate personal relations with the youth committed to their charge can exert a more powerful influence in perfecting their scholarship and moulding their manhood. THE BCIENTI KI DEP.UIT MKXX la intended for students who do not wish to take the classics, aiid for graduates who wish to pursue the sciences beyond the limits of the College course. • Especial attention is given to Practical Chemistry, the Higher Mathematics, and the Principles of Mechanics. TJilE INDOSTRIAL DEPABTMENT Is organized under the name of the t)'Fallou Polytechnic Institute. Although established under the general charter and deriving essential advantages from its connection with the other departments of the University, it is administered by a separate Board of Directors. It will be the aim of this institution to teach apprentices, mechanics, and artisans the principles of practical science. At first, this instruction will probably be resti-icted to evening schools and courses of popular lectures on industrial science. Tuition will be free. THE M.\RY INSTITUTE Is one of the best female seminaries in the country. The course of study iu this institution is essentially Collegiate. It is the object of its founders to afford young women the same opportunities of liberal culture that young men enjoy, with only such diversities of subject and treatment as the difference of sex may require. The building is centrally ' cated on the finest street in St. Louis. The present corporation of Washington University is constituted as follows : WILLIAM G. ELIOT, Prceideut. WAYMAN CROW, Vice President. SETH A. EANLETT, Secretary and Treasurer. AND THESE ADDITIONAL DIKfCTORS: JAMES H. LUCAS, HENRY HITCHCOCK, JAMES SMITH, CHARLES A. POPE, JOHN HOW, JOHN M. KRUM, S-IMUEL TRfUT, ROBERT CAMPBELL, JOHN R. HHEPLEY, HUDSON E. BRIDGE, JAMES E. YEATMAN, CARLOS S. GREELEY, GEORGE PARTRIDGE, The heads of the several departments arc:— William Chauvenet, Chaucollor of the University. Calvin S. Pennell, Principal of the Mary Institute. Geo. B. Stone, Principal of the Academy. Location of (lie University Buildings : AOADEMT, SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL, UNIVEESITY HALL, Corner of 17th Street and Washington Avenue. MAEY INSTITUTE, " Lucas Place, between 14th and 16th Streets. POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, Corner of Seventh and Chestnut Streets. Additional information, can be obtained by application to the Chancellor at Univev.sity Hall, or to the Secretary, at die Procident Savings Institution, Olive Street, between Fifth and Sixth Streets. LB N '06 « 107 89 ■^^'4 o * * > °o • ^ ' o , o - ^' '-^^ • . . 1 • A V^ * o , o ' O « o ^ ^-;^ • ( 1 J^ LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 014 572 845 9