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History of Buffalo 
 
 AND 
 
 Erie County 
 
 1914-1919 ' 
 
 Compiled by 
 DANIEL J. SWEENEY, Editor 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 
 COMMITTEE OF ONE HUNDRED 
 
 FiNLEY H. Greene, Chairman 
 
 UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE CITY OF BUFFALO 
 JULY 4, 1919 
 
Copyright. 1920, 
 
 By 
 
 Daniel J. Swefnev 
 
 APR -b is^O 
 
 '^ 
 
 
^9/ 
 
 To THE 
 
 Soldier Mothers of Buffalo and Erie County 
 
 Who Bravely Gave Their Boys to the 
 
 Cause of Universal Democracy, 
 
 This Book, in the 
 
 Grateful Remembrance of a Patriotic Community, 
 
 is Respectfully Dedicated 
 
Chapter 
 
 I 
 
 II 
 
 III 
 
 IV 
 
 V 
 
 VI 
 
 VII 
 
 VIII 
 
 IX 
 
 X 
 
 XI 
 
 XII 
 
 XIII 
 
 XIV 
 
 XV 
 
 XVI 
 
 XVII 
 
 XVIII 
 
 XIX 
 
 XX 
 
 XXI 
 
 XXII 
 
 XXIII 
 
 XXIV 
 
 XXV 
 
 XXVI 
 
 XXVII 
 
 XXVIII 
 
 XXIX 
 
 XXX 
 
 XXXI 
 
 XXXII 
 
 XXXIII 
 
 XXXIV 
 
 XXXV 
 
 XXXVI 
 
 XXXVII 
 
 XXXVIII 
 
 XXXIX 
 
 XL 
 
 XLI 
 
 XLII 
 
 XLIII 
 
 XLIV 
 
 XLV 
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 Page 
 
 Preface 11 
 
 Introductory — Buffalo 13 
 
 With Minds Unshod of War 20 
 
 Monroe Doctrine Rocks on Its Base 24 
 
 Scenting the Battle Afar 27 
 
 Preparedness Seed is Sown 29 
 
 U. of B. Company in National Guard 32 
 
 Governor Whitman at First Preparedness Meeting 34 
 
 Patriotism Unleashed by June Day Parade 37 
 
 Unequipped Regiments Called to Mexico 41 
 
 Troop I Off to Border — Colonels Wolf and Babcock Relieved 44 
 
 Germany's First Peace Proposal 46 
 
 Mayor's Americanization Committee at Work 48 
 
 City Welcomes Returning Soldiers 51 
 
 Allies Decline Peace Terms 53 
 
 Chamber of Commerce Urges Armed Guards for Local Plants 55 
 
 Elmwood Music Hall Mass Meeting Declares for War 58 
 
 Naval Militia Off to War— Soldiers Guard Water Front 62 
 
 Rush for Marriage Licenses Congests City Clerk's Office 64 
 
 Flag Raising Ceremonies and Pulpit Appeals 67 
 
 Uncle Sam's Plan to Raise a National Army 70 
 
 Louis P. Fuhrmann— Buffalo's War Mayor 1914 to 1917 72 
 
 Volunteer Army to Administer Selective Service Law 74 
 
 Tony Monanco by Name: Water Boy by Occupation 76 
 
 I Am An American 78 
 
 Registration Day, June 5, 1917 80 
 
 Twenty Exemption Districts for Erie County 83 
 
 Exemption District Machinery in Operation 90 
 
 Rann's Appeal Agent Volunteers 92 
 
 Unlimited Service by Members of Buffalo Bar 95 
 
 District Board Number Three 97 
 
 "The Rose of No Man's Land" 100 
 
 Coal Shortage Through Winter of 1917-1918 103 
 
 Peace Proposal of Pope Benedict XV 105 
 
 Guardsmen Spend Summer of 1917 in Buffalo Camp 107 
 
 Festival of Light and Song — A Formal Good-By Ill 
 
 National Army of the United States 117 
 
 Amid Cheers and Tears Guardsmen Leave Home 121 
 
 George S. Buck, War Mayor 1918-1919 125 
 
 Fort Porter Plays Its Part in World War 128 
 
 Base Hospital No. 23 130 
 
 Wheatless Days in Buffalo Hotels 135 
 
 With Don Martin in London 138 
 
 Lieut. Harold B. Wertz, First Division U. S. A 140 
 
 Smoke Ammunition from the Buffalo News 141 
 
 And the Navy Took Them Over 145 
 
 Aboard an American Transport 150 
 
 3 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Chapter Page 
 
 XLVI 77th Division Within Thunder of Cxuns 152 
 
 XLVII Seeing Paris with Don Martin 154 
 
 XLVI 1 1 Germany's March Drive Crushes British Defense 157 
 
 XLIX Lightless, Heatless, Gasless Days 159 
 
 L Buffalo Women Face the Hun 163 
 
 LI American Alhed Exposition and Bazaar 169 
 
 LII Second Red Cross Drive 171 
 
 LIII "Can They Get to Calais?" 175 
 
 LIV Buffalo Draft Men of 78th Division in France 179 
 
 LV In Mrs. Vanderbilt's Paris Hospital \\ith Doris Kellogg 181 
 
 LVI Buffalo Marines in Battle of Belleau Wood 183 
 
 LVII House Warming Party for 77th Division at Baccarat 192 
 
 LVIII Smashing the Marne Salient 194 
 
 LIX Maj. Donovan at the Battle of the Ourcq 199 
 
 LX First American Army Formed 204 
 
 LXI Girls at Canteens Carry on Through the Hot Summer 205 
 
 LXII Germany's Dead Mark Trail of American Advance . 209 
 
 LXI II 108th Infantry Enters Front Line at Mt. Kemmel 211 
 
 LXIV 77th Division in the Hell Hole Valley of the Vesle 217 
 
 LXV Battle of St. Mihiel— Death of Capt. Piatt 223 
 
 LXVI Planning the Decisive Battle of the War . 229 
 
 LXVII General Nolan of Akron — Hero of Apremont 231 
 
 LXVI 1 1 77th Division Enters Argonne— Col. Jewett Decorated 238 
 
 LXIX Maj. Whittlesey's Battalion, 77th Division 242 
 
 LXX Lieut. Wilhelm, Buffalo, in "Lost Battalion" 244 
 
 LXXI Lost Battalion's Dead Still Hold the Position 248 
 
 LXX 1 1 Buffalo Artillerymen Wreck Forges on the Meuse 253 
 
 LXXI 1 1 Breaking the Great Hindenburg Line 255 
 
 LXX IV Death of Don Martin— A Soldier of the Pen 265 
 
 LXXV Sinkingof the "Mary Alice" 268 
 
 LXXVI 77th Division Before Grand Pre 270 
 
 LXXVII Grand Pre Proves a Buffalo Sepulcher 272 
 
 LXXVIII Twenty Days on the Meuse With the Old 65th 281 
 
 LXXIX St. Souplet and Across Le Selle 285 
 
 LXXX On a Field of Carnage Donovan Fell 289 
 
 LXXXI Putting the Last One Over With the Old 65th 292 
 
 LXXXII General Pershing's Story of the Final Days 294 
 
 LXXXIII Buffalo Tank Corps Fighters— Treat 'em Rough 299 
 
 LXXXIV Handling Gas on the Western Front 301 
 
 LXXXV Honors for Greatest Gains to 77th Division 303 
 
 LXXXVI U. of B. and Canisius Student Army Corps 305 
 
 LXXXVII Battling Above the Clouds 307 
 
 LXXXVIII On the Western Front 11 A. M., November 11, 1918 313 
 
 LXXXIX Paris With the Lid Off 318 
 
 XC Celebrating the Kaiser's Funeral 320 
 
 XCI Lieut. Colonel Pooley Leads Regiment into Germany 322 
 
 XCII Buffalo Boys Stand by as German Fleet Surrenders 325 
 
 XCIII When Johnny Came Marching Home 327 
 
 XCIV Putting Handcuffs on Disloyalty 340 
 
 XCV Four Minute Men of Buffalo 343 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Chapter Page 
 
 XCVI The Schools— The Children— The Teachers 345 
 
 XCVII Pasting the City with War Stamps 357 
 
 XCVIII Buffalo Chapter, American Red Cross 368 
 
 XCIX Boy Scouts Lend a Helping Hand 380 
 
 C The Military Training Camps Association 383 
 
 CI The United States Grain Corporation 387 
 
 CII What We Paid for Heat, Food and Clothing 390 
 
 cm Work of the Food Administrator . 397 
 
 CIV National League for Woman's Service ^ 404 
 
 CV The World War in Verse 405 
 
 CVI New 74th Regiment Infantry, N. G. S. N. Y 412 
 
 CVII New 65th Regiment Infantry, N. G. S. N. Y 414 
 
 CVIII Buffalo at Home and Her Visitors 417 
 
 CIX Home Defense Committee of Erie County 422 
 
 CX Child Welfare Program in War Time 424 
 
 CXI Belgian Relief Fund Committee 426 
 
 CXII Buffalo Police Reserves 427 
 
 CXIII For France and Her Allies 428 
 
 CXIV The Buffalo Thrift Kitchen 430 
 
 CXV Local Hygiene Lecture Catnpaign 433 
 
 CXVI Five Liberty Loan Campaigns 434 
 
 CXVII Independence Day, July 4, 1919 487 
 
 CXVIII In Conclusion 490 
 
 Buffalo and Erie County Roster 
 
 Our Heroic Dead 495 
 
 Erie County's Volunteer Chaplains 508 
 
 U. S. Army— Buffalo Roll Call 509 
 
 108th Regiment U. S. Infantry 612 
 
 106th Field Artillery 618 
 
 102d Trench Mortar Battery 623 
 
 U. S. Navy 624 
 
 U. S. Marines 664 
 
 Base Hospital No. 23— Male Members 675 
 
 Buffalonians in Polish Army 676 
 
 Red Cross Leaders 679 
 
 Red Cross Nurses 680 
 
 Buffalo Doctors Commissioned in Army and Navy 682 
 
 Volunteer Medical Service Corps — Buffalo Women 683 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association 684 
 
 Salvation Army 685 
 
 Knights of Columbus 685 
 
 Jewish Welfare Workers 685 
 
 Volunteers in U. S. Telephone Service 686 
 
 Erie County's Service Roster 687 
 
THE CITY COUNCIL FOR YEAR 1919 
 Arthur W. Kreinheder John F. Malone 
 
 George S. Buck, Mayor 
 Frederick G. Bagley Charles M.Heald 
 
James B. Stafford 
 
 Food Administrator, Buffalo 
 
 ERIE COUNTY LEADERS OF WAR WORK ACTIVITIES 
 
 Howard A. Forman Walter P. Cooke 
 
 Fuel Administrator Chairman Liberty Loan Committee 
 
 Charles Kennedy Robert W. Pomeroy Edward H. Butler 
 
 Food Administration Grain Corporation Chairman Red Cross Drives Chairman War Savings Stamp Committee 
 
 Oliver Cabana, Jr. William A. Rogers Frank S. McGraw 
 
 Food Administrator, Erie County Chairman United War Workers Chairman Red Cross Committee 
 
ERIE COUNTY'S DISTINGUISHED MILITARY LEADERS 
 
 Col. Henry C. Jewett 
 
 316th Engineers — 91st Division 
 Hero of Montfaucon 
 
 Rev. John C. Ward 
 
 Cliaplain 108th Infantry 
 Hero of Hindenburg Line and St. Souplet 
 
 Brig. Genl. Dennis E. Nolan 
 
 Of Genl. Pershing's Staff 
 Hero of Apremont 
 
 Col. William J. Donovan 
 
 165th Infantry— 42d Division 
 Hero of the Ourcq and the Argonne 
 
 Lieut. Col. William R. Pooley 
 
 7th Infantry — 3d Division 
 First Erie County Commander to cross the Rhine 
 
Daniel J. Sweeney 
 Editor 
 
 World War History Committee 
 
 FiNLEY H. Greene 
 Chairman 
 
 World War History Committee 
 
PREFACE 
 
 BUFFALO will one day realize the tremendous growth and development which its geo- 
 graphical location makes inevitable. As the years go by and we roll along toward 
 that period of community greatness, Buflfalonians will search through the written pages 
 to visualize in pride or humility their community ancestry, just as the individual beams or 
 scowls over his family tree. While men do not live in the past there is always a companion- 
 ship and an abiding interest in those who cut the path ahead of us, and history is ever a 
 congenial friend on the library shelf. 
 
 In these late days of 1918 and early days of 1919 we are too close to the World War to com- 
 pile a history of the war, but we can aim to produce a narrative in which we shall outline and 
 depict the activities of the men and women of Buffalo and the surrounding towns during the 
 years from 1914 to 1919 — an historical period. In that narrative we shall endeavor to portray — 
 perhaps 'twill be in a homely and inartistic way — but as accurately as man can, the events 
 at home and abroad in which Buffalonians and their neighbors participated. 
 
 In the chapters as they unfold the reader may expect to find : first, the record of the aver- 
 age American's early indifference to war reflected in Buffalo ; then the indefatigable efforts of a 
 few patriots to arouse the community to the need for preparedness, the organization of the 
 National Army, the camps and the training of men, the overseas expeditions and the glorious 
 epic of Buffalo and Erie County boys on the battlefields of France and Belgium, suffer- 
 ing wounds inflicted by gas and shrapnel and machine gun bullets; fighting and dying, but 
 ever with their faces forward. And the reader may expect, also, to find chronicled the tre- 
 mendous task which fell to the men, the women and the children at home in the struggle 
 that was waged to make all the world safe for democracy. 
 
 This book was written when the facts were fresh in the minds of those who have so gen- 
 erously contributed to it. Indeed, this preface was in the course of preparation by the 
 editor in the office of the City Clerk in the City and County Hall on that November day, 
 1918, when the erroneous report of the signing of the armistice threw the community into 
 pandemonium. 
 
 Outside! All around! Even about the City Hall, removed from the main arteries of 
 travel, the crowds were surging back and forth in the streets. Crowd leaders were endeavor- 
 ing to marshal their followers in the semblance of parade formation. Here and there por- 
 tions of what once might have been a band gave out voluminously, if not harmoniously, the 
 strains of martial music. Confetti was everywhere, and from the highest windows of the 
 office buildings on the corner girls were throwing out sparkling clouds of paper clipped to 
 snowflake size. Happiness in confusion appeared to have achieved its greatest triumph. 
 Enthusiasm was at its topmost pitch. The marchers, as their respective banners indicated, 
 were drawn from the great munition plants, from the high schools, from the law offices, from 
 the department stores and made up a cosmopolitan crowd from the avenues and institutions 
 where men and women earn their livelihood, or prepare themselves therefor. 
 
 It was among such surroundings I plodded on in the task previously undertaken of 
 preparing in an official way for historical reference the story of Buffalo's part in the war. 
 
 11 
 
12 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Contemporaneous writers whose individual capacity for the task far overshadows mine 
 abound. But unfortunately perhaps for this work, it happened that I had been closely 
 associated with Buffalo's war program from the first day until, at least, the present hour. 
 
 Compilations of this sort are usually the result of painstaking effort. I surely will bow in 
 grateful appreciation if this one shall be deemed worthy of that last word of commendation. 
 The book can claim a foundation of information obtained at first hand, and to that extent 
 it will be a substantial edifice. Though its ornamentations may not be suggestive of the 
 broadest culture nor the highest scholarship, it will deal with men as they were and events as 
 they transpired among the masses of our citizenship. An inspiring skyline, a knowledge 
 that it is a story of the splendid sacrifices and brilliant achievements of a patriotic people 
 will tend, I am sure, to hold even the balance so that just recognition may be accorded to 
 each, whether his task was performed under the rays of heroic splendor on the battlefield or 
 in the equally arduous but less dangerous and more dimly illuminated walks of civic war work. 
 
 This record is not set down for the men and women of to-day. They have heard the shouts 
 I have heard, and viewed all the scenes I have seen. Most of them have been participants 
 in the local activities to the same extent. They therefore need no written narration. To them 
 this would be simply a ponderous volume, for the most part unattractive and without fasci- 
 nation. But for the children, the men and women of Buffalo of to-morrow, it is hoped it will 
 serve a useful purpose. 
 
 The reader may be compelled to pass wearily over many of its pages. The editor furnishes 
 a narrative. Style for its own sake often captivates while the story runs barren of in- 
 terest. Most of us seek the pages that throb and glow. I cherish, perhaps vainly, but 
 nevertheless earnestly, the hope that the grim, chill statistics of this municipal history will 
 be softened by the radiance of valorous deeds that shed a glory about it, and that those who 
 come after us will feel a certain contentment in the fact that the activities of Buffalo and 
 Erie County, during the crucial days of the Great World War, have been preserved in impar- 
 tial data for the information of posterity. 
 
 The Editor. 
 
BUFFALO 
 
 BUFFALO, like every other American city, began in 1914 to write an epochal chapter in its his- 
 tory, unconscious, of course, of the tremendous events impending. George D. Emerson 
 and Frank H. Severance, who spun the web which carries us back to the earliest days of our 
 community existence and who set out the historical monuments hereabout, tell us that prior to 
 the outbreak of the Civil War, a facetious individual remarked that Buffalo had had three notable 
 events in its history; namely, the destruction of the village by the British and Indians, December 
 30, 1813; the hanging of the three Thayers in 1825, made famous by the late George Ferris, one- 
 time editor of the Courier, and the big flood of 1844. Neither Mr. Emerson nor Mr. Severance 
 concurs in the opinion that those events should be classified as notable, though conceding that 
 they have "impressed themselves indelibly" upon the annals of the municipality. One of them, 
 at least, the first named, is epochal. The Civil War established the second epoch, and in this 
 year of 1919 we have just emerged from the third. 
 
 Of course, for the purposes of this book and for the men and women of this day, it is not essen- 
 tial that the memorable events of other eras be set down, but the men and women of to-morrow 
 may have a desire and surely have a right to know what manner of municipality we had at the 
 time the great World War involved and enveloped us. 
 
 The Niagara Frontier as a maker of history prior to this date, Mr. Emerson says, is entitled 
 to a much higher rank than is usually accorded to it by the average historian and a careful survey 
 of the various sections of the city of Buffalo reveals many spots which are associated, some with 
 national history, all with the history of this locality. Buffalo Creek, or River, as it is known in 
 these later years, had been Buffalo Creek from time immemorial, so long that the mind of man 
 runneth not to the contrary; when, how or from whom or what it received the name, is buried 
 in the forgotten legends of the past. The city, located along this creek or river, received its 
 name, however, from the stream around which it has been built. 
 
 In point of known events, South Buffalo is the oldest part of the present city. On Buff"alo 
 Creek, some three or four miles from its mouth, the first Seneca Indian villages were established 
 during the Revolutionary War, refugees settling there in 1779-80, after Sullivan's raid had de- 
 stroyed their old homes in the Genesee Valley. In earlier epochs the Eries had their home in 
 this region, but, as a nation, they were wiped out of existence in the disastrous campaign with the 
 Senecas in a bloody and decisive battle which took place near the head of Honeoye Lake. In 
 the neighborhood of these villages was built a council house, in which councils of national im- 
 portance were held and treaties of commensurate significance made. Associated with it are the 
 names of Young King, Farmer's Brother, Red Jacket, and other Indian celebrities. In this 
 vicinity was also the Seneca Mission church, built 1826, abandoned 1843, and gradually destroyed 
 during succeeding years. Indian Church Road now runs through the churchyard and near the 
 site of the building. In the old cemetery were the original graves of Red Jacket and other chiefs, 
 and of Mary Jamison. Their bones were long since removed to other resting places — Mary 
 Jamison to "Glen Iris," the beautiful home of the Hon. William P. Letchworth, at Portage, in 
 1874, the chiefs to Forest Lawn in 1884 and 1894. 
 
 St. Paul's Episcopal Parish built the first Buffalo church, raising its structure at the corner of 
 Church and Erie streets in 1819. In that church the congregation of St. Paul's worshiped until 
 1850 when the present stone edifice bounded by Pearl, Church and Erie streets was built. In 
 1823 the First Presbyterian Society erected a church on the opposite corner — Niagara and Church; 
 that church was rebuilt in 1827 and in 1891 the Society reared the now commanding edifice on 
 The Circle. 
 
 The present City Hall was opened for official purposes in 1876, being erected on a site formerly 
 used as a cemetery. 
 
 13 
 
14 Buffalo's Part in the "World War 
 
 Out of small beginnings has come the City of Buffalo of to-day, a great municipality sur- 
 rounded by highly developed smaller cities, as well as by villages and towns, all of which have 
 taken an important part in the world-wide struggle for the preservation of democracy. 
 
 In place of the muddy roads of earlier days Buffalo now has more than 600 miles of paved streets; 
 instead of the two or three churches of 1820, it has 260 churches, representing the widest freedom 
 of religious thought and belief. The city is located at an elevation of from 580 to 690 feet above 
 the level of the sea. Seventeen different railroads, thirteen of them trunk lines, enter the city. 
 It has seven interurban traction lines, and issues annually building permits of a value in excess 
 of $10,000,000. It has 66 pubHc schools; three colleges and the University of Buffalo. It has 
 more than 40 parochial schools and several private schools, apart from the shorthand and business 
 colleges. Its hotel accommodations are up-to-date and extensive, including 60 registered hotels. 
 It has nineteen hospitals and six English daily newspapers. 
 
 Further data covering the municipality and facts in its history are here set forth in statistical 
 array: 
 
 Lake front (miles) 3.7 
 
 Realty transfers (yearly) 10,000 
 
 Suburban villages 20 
 
 River front (miles) 17.35 
 
 Libraries (public) — 7 branches 3 
 
 Libraries (distributing agencies) 166 
 
 Postal branches 76 
 
 Letter Carriers 396 
 
 Banks — 5 state, 2 national, 5 trust companies, 4 savings, and 11 branch banks 27 
 
 Savings and loan associations 26 
 
 Bank clearances (1917) $982,563,624 
 
 Autos in use 30,000 
 
 Articles manufactured in city (of all different lines) 56% 
 
 Express companies . 5 
 
 Power companies 2 
 
 Auditoriums (municipal) 2 
 
 Theaters (regular) 9 
 
 Picture theaters 72 
 
 Street car passengers carried 191,200,048 
 
 Public school enrollment 66,293 
 
 Steamship companies 14 
 
 Passenger boat lines 4 
 
 Dwellings in Buffalo 76,391 
 
 BUFFALO, THE MUNICIPALITY 
 
 First settled in 1795 
 
 Incorporated as a village April 2, 1813 
 
 Incorporated as a city April 20, 1832 
 
 Area, square miles 42,161 
 
 Population, 1910 census 423,715 
 
 Population, State census, 1915 454,630 
 
 Population, 1919, estimated 500,000 
 
 Registered voters, male and female 108,589 
 
 Assessed valuation, fiscal year beginning July 1, 1919, and ending June 30, 1920 . . $560,099,750 
 
 Tax rate, all purposes, 1919-1920 $26.88 
 
 Bonded debt $38,435,919.26 
 
 Miles of streets . . .- 636.858 
 
 Miles of street railway 223.40 
 
 Miles of water mains 610.32 
 
 Miles of sewers 568.2383 
 
 Miles of boulevard driveways 26.600 
 
 Breakwater, feet 33,600 
 
 Parks 17 
 
 Boulevards 10 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 15 
 
 Acreage — parks and boulevards 1,300 
 
 City playgrounds 17 
 
 City baseball diamonds 22 
 
 City football grounds 10 
 
 City tennis courts 58 
 
 City skating ponds 21 
 
 Police stations 15 
 
 Regular police 800 
 
 Fire stations 56 
 
 Fire companies 56 
 
 Firemen 915 
 
 City employees, including laborers 7,865 
 
 Average daily water consumption, gallons per capita 339 
 
 Gas lights 9,288 
 
 Arc lights 5,459 
 
 Gasoline lights 270 
 
 Miles of paved streets 424 
 
 Buffalo is the terminus of the State Barge Canal. 
 
 10,000 vessel clearances annually. 
 
 300,000,000 bushels of grain handled annually. 
 
 More than 2,000,000 tons of pig iron produced annually. 
 
 Mills produce 25,000 barrels of flour daily. 
 
 2,500 manufacturing plants. 
 
 22 grain elevators, with total capacity of 28,250,000 bushels. 
 
 4 public markets. 
 
 Between November, 1914, and January, 1919, the wage earnings increased 70%. 
 
 REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS 
 
 Fortieth District 
 S. Wallace Dempsey, 1914-1919 
 
 Forty-first District 
 Charles B. Smith, 1914-1919 
 
 Forty-second District 
 Daniel A. Driscoll, 1914-1917 William F. Waldow, 1917-1919 
 
 U. S. OFFICIALS AT BUFFALO 
 
 POSTMASTER 
 William F. Kasting, 1914 to June, 1916 George J. Meyer, June, 1916 to 1919 
 
 COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS 
 George Bleistein, 1914-1918 George Davidson, July, 1918-1919 
 
 COLLECTOR OF INTERNAL REVENUE 
 Vincent J. Riordan, 1914-1919 
 
 U. S. DISTRICT ATTORNEY 
 Stephen V. Lockwood, 1914-1919 
 
 U. S. MARSHAL 
 Henry L. Fassett, 1914-1915 John D. Lynn, Nov., 1915-1919 
 
 U. S. APPRAISER 
 John T. Ryan, 1914-1919 
 
CITY AND COUNTY OFFICERS 1914-1919 
 
 CITY OFFICERS 
 
 BOARD OF ALDERMEN— 1914-1915 
 
 John P. Sullivan, President, 1914 
 
 George J. Burley, President, 1915 
 
 D. J. Sweeney, City Clerk 
 
 1st Ward — John P. Sullivan 
 
 2d Ward — Michael J. Healy 
 
 3d Ward — Edward P. Costello 
 
 4th Ward — Arthur J. Shea 
 
 5th Ward — Timothy P. Coughlin 
 
 6th Ward — Edward Stengel, Joseph Suttner 
 
 7th Ward — Edward J. Endres 
 
 8th Ward — Edward Sperry 
 
 9th Ward — Anthony J. Walkowiak 
 10th Ward — Frank Roskwitalski 
 11th Ward — Peter Mildenberger 
 12th Ward — George J. Burley 
 13th Ward— Otto L. Geyer 
 14th Ward — John Fries 
 
 15th Ward — George Kohl 
 16th Ward— Frank T. Dance 
 17th Ward — Joseph H. Houck 
 18th Ward — Conrad J. Meyer 
 19th Ward — Arnold T. Armbrust 
 20th Ward — Frederick H. Holtz 
 21st Ward — William G. Humphrey 
 22d Ward — John Purcell 
 23d Ward — George G. Davidson, Jr. 
 24th Ward — Jospeh P. Broderick 
 25th Ward — George J. Haffa 
 26th Ward— Thomas H. McDonough 
 27th Ward— Edward P. Kelly 
 
 BOARD OF COUNCILMEN— 1914-1915 
 Boleslaw Dorasewicz, President 
 William J. Coad William E. Glass Horace C. Mills 
 
 Francis T. Coppins Allan I. Holloway William J. Warwick 
 
 Boleslaw Dorasewicz Theofil Kaitanowski William O. Weimar 
 
 January 1, 1916, the Commission form of Government was inaugurated 
 
 COUNCIL 
 
 Louis P. Fuhrmann, Mayor, 1916-1917 
 
 George S. Buck, Mayor, 1918-1919 
 
 Councilmen 
 Charles M. Heald, 1916-1919 Arthur W. Kreinheder, 1916-1919 
 
 Charles B. Hill, 1916-1917 John F. Malone, 1916-1919 
 
 Frederick G. Bagley, 1918-1919 
 D. J. Sweeney, Secretary 
 
 HEALTH COMMISSIONER 
 Francis E. Fronczak 
 
 FIRE COMMISSIONERS — 1914-1915 
 
 Simon Seibert Edward C. Burgard William Person 
 
 Bernard J. McConnell, Chief, 1914 to October 10, 1918 
 
 Edward P. Murphy, Chief, October 10, 1918, to 1919 
 
 POLICE COMMISSIONERS— 1914-1915 
 
 Fred F. Klinck James B. Wall 
 
 Michael Regan, Chief, 1914-1915 Henry J. Girvin, Chief, 1918 to May 1, 1919 
 
 John Martin, Chief, 1916-1917 James W. Higgins, Chief, 1919 
 
 16 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 COMPTROLLER 
 John F. Cochrane, 1914-1917 
 
 COMMISSIONER OF FINANCE AND ACCOUNTS 
 Charles B. Hill, 1916-1917 Charles M. Heald, 1918-1919 
 
 TREASURER 
 John Reimann, 1914-1915 Isaac N. Stewart, 1916-1919 
 
 ASSESSORS 
 
 John T. Mahoney, 1914-1917 John C. Betz 
 
 William J. Burke Charles J. Reuling, 1918-1919 
 
 AUDITOR 
 Joseph M. Gleason 
 
 COMMISSIONER OF PUBLIC WORKS 
 Francis G. Ward, 1914-1915 Arthur W. Kreinheder, 1916-1919 
 
 ENGINEERING COMMISSIONER 
 George H. Norton 
 
 WATER COMMISSIONER 
 Henry L. Lyon, 1914-1915 Thomas W. Kennedy, 1916 
 
 George C. Andrews, 1917-1919 
 
 STREET COMMISSIONER 
 Thomas W. Kennedy, 1914-1915 William F. Schwartz, 1916-1919 
 
 SUPERINTENDENT OF EDUCATION 
 Henry P. Emerson, 1914-1918 Ernest C. Hartwell, 1918-1919 
 
 OVERSEER OF THE POOR 
 Louis J. Kenngott 
 
 BUILDING COMMISSIONER 
 Frank T. Reynolds 
 
 CITY COURT 
 
 William P, Brennan, Chief Judge 
 
 Judges 
 George L. Hager Peter Maul 
 
 Albert A. Hartzell Thomas H. Noonan 
 
 Patrick J. Keeler Clifford McLaughlin, 1918-1919 
 
 Frank W. Standart, 1918-1919 
 
 CHILDREN'S COURT 
 George E. Judge, Judge 
 
18 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 BOARD OF SUPERVISORS 
 
 Frank A. Dorn, Chairman 
 ^^jjj) Alonzo G. Hinkley, Clerk 
 
 1— James W. Fitzhenry, 1914, 1915 1916, 1917; Thomas G. Lawley, 1918, 1919. 
 
 2— John C. O'Leary, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 
 3— Thomas W. Scully, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 
 4— Edward J. Kappler, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917; Albert Fox, 1918, 1919. 
 
 5— John T. McBride, 1914, 1915, 1918, 1919; Robert Mulroy, 1916, 1917. 
 
 6— Edward Flore, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 
 7— Samuel Frank, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 
 8— Frederick W. Theobold, 1914, 1915; William Pfeiffer, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 
 9— Patrick J. Hunt, 1914, 1915; .Jacob Henseler, 1916, 1917; Louis D. Herko, 1918, 1919. 
 10— Michael Tobolski, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917; Anthony Dropik, 1918, 1919. 
 
 11— James M. Mead, 1914; Edward Moylan, 1915; Oliver Hamister, 1916, 1917; Dennis J. Dee, 1918, 1919. 
 12— William A. Stambach, 1914, 1915; Charles M. Bogold, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 13— Andrew Sprenger, 1914, 1915; Ernst F. Martinke, 1916, 1917; Edwin F. Jaeckle, 1918, 1919. 
 14— William Kumpf, 1914, 1915; George L. Schupp, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 15— Max Kuczkowski, 1914, 1915; John H. Dietrich, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 16— B. Michalski, 1914, 1915; Joseph W. Becker, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 17— William J. Beier, Jr., 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 18— Edward C. Franklin, 1914, 1915; Frank A. Dorn, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 19— Charles E. Arber, 1914, 1915; Charles J. Koch, 1916, 1917; George Wild, 1918, 1919. 
 20— John C. Sturm, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917; Thomas E. Lawrence, 1918, 1919. 
 21— George Klein, 1914, 1915; William Fink, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 
 22— Charles B. Reinhardt, 1914, 1915; Fred A. Bradley, 1916, 1917; William F. Langley, 1918, 1919. ■ 
 23— Harvey D. Blakeslee, Jr., 1914, 1915; Hervey J. Drake, 1916, 1917; Robert C. Palmer, 1918, 1919. 
 24— William B. Lawless, 1914, 1915; Joseph P. Broderick, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 25— Carlton E. Ladd, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 
 26— Thomas H. McElvein, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917; Thomas H. McDonough, 1918, 1919. 
 27— John Lunghino, 1914, 1915; Bartholomew Oddo, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 
 Alden Otto H. Wende, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 
 Amherst Lee W. Britting, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 
 Aurora Asher B. Emery, 1914, 1915; Richard S. Persons, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 
 Boston Philip D. Weber, 1914, 1915; Howell Drake, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 
 Brant William F. Avey, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 
 Cheektowaga . . Frank Wildy, 1914, 1915, 1916. 1917; William C. Heeb, 1918, 1919. 
 
 Clarence Theodore Krehbiel, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 
 Golden William F. Frantz, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 
 Collins Frank H. Briggs, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 
 Concord George E. Stedman, 1914, 1915; Glenn N. Oyer, 1916, 1917; Alton C. Bates, Ira H. 
 
 Vail, 1918, 1919. 
 East Hamburg . . . Frank F. Holmwood, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 
 Eden Edgar M. Bunting, 1914, 1915; Charles H. Ide, 1916, 1917; Henry A. Bley, 1918, 
 
 1919. 
 
 Elma Ernest M. Hill, 1914, 1915; Benjamin J. Eldridge, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 
 Evans Marve Harwood, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917; Julius M. Schwert, 1918, 1919. 
 
 Grand Island . . . Adam Kaiser, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917; Henry W. Long, 1918, 1919. 
 
 Hamburg William Kronenberg, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917; George B. Abbott, 1918, 1919. 
 
 Holland Henry Bangert, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917; O. R. Whitney, 1918, 1919. 
 
 Lackawanna City . Thomas Delaney, 1914; Michael J. Mescall, 1915, 1916, 1917; Martin T. Ryan, 1918, 
 1919. 
 
 Lancaster John L. Staeber, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 
 Marilla Jesse G. Bartoo, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 
 Newstead Frank M. Stage, 1914, 1915; George A. Funke, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 
 North Collins . . . Joseph Thiel, 1914, 1915; Howard W. Butler, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 
 Sardinia Robert R. Olin, 1914, 1915; J. Gilbert Allen, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 
 Tonawanda .... Robert A. Toms, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917; Arthur R. Atkinson, 1918, 1919. 
 Tonawanda City . . John K. Patton, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917; William Stryker, 1918, 1919. 
 
 Wales Fred Kratt, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 
 West Seneca .... Christian L. Schudt, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 19 
 
 COUNTY OFFICERS 
 
 SHERIFF 
 
 Frederick G. Becker, 1914 Edward Stengel, 1915-1917 
 
 Frederick A. Bradley, 1918-1919 
 
 COUNTY JUDGE 
 Philip A. Laing, 1914 to May, 1919 George B. Burd, 1919 
 
 DISTRICT ATTORNEY 
 Wesley C. Dudley, 1914-1917 Guy B. Moore, 1918-1919 
 
 SURROGATE 
 Louis B. Hart 
 
 COUNTY TREASURER 
 Franklin E. Bard, 1914-1918 Severn A. Anderson, 1919 
 
 COUNTY CLERK 
 Simon A. Nash, 1914-1915 John H. Meahl, 1916-1919 
 
 COUNTY AUDITOR 
 George S. Buck, 1914-1917 Frederick C. Gaise, 1918-1919 
 
 COMMISSIONER OF CHARITIES AND CORRECTIONS 
 
 William Hunt 
 
 STATE SENATORS 
 
 Forty-eighth District 
 John F. Malone, 1914 Clinton T. Horton, 1915-1917 
 
 Ross Graves, 1917-1919 
 
 Forty-ninth District 
 Samuel J. Ramsperger, 1914-1919 
 
 Fiftieth District 
 Gottfried H. Wende, 1914 William P. Greiner, 1915-1917 
 
 Leonard W. Gibbs, 1917-1919 
 
 ASSEMBLYMEN 
 
 First District 
 William H. Warhus, 1914 Allen Keeney, 1915 
 
 Alexander Taylor, 1916-1918 
 
 Second District 
 Clinton T. Horton, 1914 Ross Graves, 1915-1916 
 
 John W. Slacer, 1917-1918 
 
 Third District 
 Albert F. Gey'er, 1914 Nicholas J. Miller, 1915-1918 
 
 Fourth District 
 Patrick W. Quigley, 1914 James M. Mead, 1915-1918 
 
 Fifth District 
 Richard F. Hearn, 1914 Arthur G. McElroy, 1915 
 
 John A. Lynch, 1916-1917 A. A. Patrzkowski, 1918 
 
 Sixth District 
 Leo F. Tucholka, 1914 Peter C. Jezewski, 1915-1916 
 
 A. A. Patrzykowski, 1917 George H. Rowe, 1918 
 
 Seventh District 
 William P. Greiner, 1914 John F. Heim, 1915 
 
 Joseph Roemhild, Jr., 1916 Earl G. Danser, 1917 
 
 H. A. Zimmerman, 1918 
 
 Eighth District 
 Wallace Thayer, 1914 Leonard W. Gibbs, 1915-1916 
 
 H. A. Zimmerman, 1917 Nelson W. Cheney, 1918 
 
 Ninth District 
 Frank B. Thorn, 1915 Nelson W. Cheney, 1916-1917 
 
20 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER I 
 WITH MINDS UNSHOD OF WAR 
 
 ON August 2, 1914, Kaiser Wilhelm II, Emperor of Germany, set his military machine 
 against Belgium in a quest for world domination. His recognized aim was to advance the 
 Hohenzollern dynasty, to secure a place in the sun, to establish and entrench "Deutsch- 
 land Ueber Alles " at any brutal cost. Buflfalonians at that time were enjoying the rare advan- 
 tages which the lake and river recreation spots hereabout afforded in the heated days of 
 midsummer. The Buffalo newspapers of that particular morning held no story of greater local 
 importance than a recital of the activities and pleasures of the throngs in the parks and at the 
 beach resorts. 
 
 Political sensations which had seeped from a collapsed water works pumping station and clung 
 around sundry aldermanic delinquencies were the discordant notes of the moment. They shared 
 the company of a rampant reappearance of a periodical investigation which beset the Depart- 
 ment of Public Works. These formed the basis for a charter reform campaign which held public 
 interest just at that time over all the other questions of immediate local concern. The public 
 mind was wholly free of matters of grave import. The cost of living was not high. Employ- 
 ment was plentiful. Industry was thriving. Buffalo had grown rapidly in population and com- 
 merce, and the people were contented and prosperous. 
 
 The story of war in Europe which came over the cable that day appealed to the people in no 
 heavier vein than might a story detailing the movements of a set of manikins or fabled brownies. 
 War was something the world seemed to have passed by forever. Disturbances could come? 
 Yes! But it was difficult to realize that great nations like those of Germany and France and 
 Russia and Great Britain would engage in a killing conflict. The violent death of Austria's 
 Archduke, Serbia's invasion, and the other royal rumblings which announced the advance of 
 Germany's terrible military machine, awakened no tragic interest among the people here; in 
 fact, so substantially imbedded was the idea of war's impossibility, that for days and weeks 
 many thousands of Buffalonians continued in the belief that Germany's purpose and Belgium's 
 plight were not real. 
 
 Through the last days of August, through September and October, Buffalo's interest centered 
 to a far greater degree — oh, to an immensely greater degree! — in the progress of the campaign 
 for the adoption of a commission form of government than in the European war. Gradually, 
 however, we were coming to realize that the war was real. But it was far removed from us. 
 Some old families of German origin received word of relatives engaged in the conflict. That 
 fact aroused their interest in the progress of the campaign. Buffalo, having a substantial Cana- 
 dian population, found another proportional source of interest in the announcement that the 
 British Government would need Canadian troops. England called early for her continental 
 forces, and, as weeks went by the activity across the Niagara River drew our attention to the 
 spread of the tremendous struggle, but no thought of American participation at any time entered 
 the public mind. We went serenely and quietly along our several and respective occupational 
 ways. Our concern in the war was not deep-rooted. Buffalo was engaged in its pursuits of 
 peace, and easily anticipated that the sober and saner minds of Europe would presently and sud- 
 denly end it all satisfactorily. That thought left undisturbed those who had given any serious 
 attention to the matter. Others were not interested. The closing months of 1914 found no 
 great war concern prevalent in the city, and interest was less in other localities throughout the 
 United States about in proportion to the distance one travelled away from the Canadian border. 
 
 In the minds of Buffalo men and women, through all the years of the Republic, there had been 
 implanted the story of only one righteous war — the victorious struggle of America for liberty 
 and independence. They knew that as a result of that war the United States had determined to 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 21 
 
 remain free from all foreign entanglements, and to insure our non-activity in Old World conflicts 
 our forefathers had established a policy long known as the Monroe Doctrine. We warned Eu- 
 rope not to interfere in our affairs; and, for our part, pledged the United States to abstain from 
 interference in Europe. History, on numerous occasions, vindicated the wisdom of that course. 
 The Monroe Doctrine became one of the institutions of America, and, although since the days 
 of its adoption we had advanced rapidly among the nations of the world, and although the modern 
 means of communications, the mails, the wireless, the ocean greyhounds, and the increase of our 
 trade and travel had brought us close to Europe and made our isolation, perhaps, more imagi- 
 nary than real, still at the outbreak of this struggle there was no sentiment for a change in the 
 policy which had for so long given us peace. In the American mind it was an irrefutable mandate. 
 
 This brief, though perhaps, unnecessary, explanation of a mental picture which hung in the 
 gallery of every American mind may be found useful to Buffalonians in after years as they study 
 the men and women and activities of this period. It may explain to them why the outbreak of 
 the war caught everybody here by surprise. Europe, steeped in wrangles, could readily, perhaps, 
 contemplate such a vicious onslaught on the ideals of civilization, but here the war was incom- 
 prehensible. A war among civilized nations? Impossible! It is somewhat difficult to write 
 into this narrative an explanation which will adequately convey to those who are to come after 
 us how utterly impregnable were the American minds in 1914 to the booming of those first guns 
 on the battlefields of France or the rumble of the trucks through Belgium and Luxemburg. We 
 were simply shock-proof against war. The slaying of the Austrian Archduke, Francis Ferdinand, 
 at Sarajevo on June 28th held no greater portent to most of our minds than the jumping of a king 
 on the checker board by rival players in a neighboring firehouse. And yet in the echo and con- 
 fusion of that assassination were the hoofbeats which told in terrifying terms to all of Belgium, 
 France and England of the coming of the Prussian War Machine. 
 
 Early in August, Potsdam declared war. Several days before — on July 28th — had begun 
 its — let us call it its predetermined assault on Serbia. The German invasion of Belgium started 
 like the rush of a mad bull and was consummated with Hunnish cruelty. As the Kaiser's army 
 trampled over the courageous forces of that small nation and swarmed on down into France 
 interest suddenly became aroused and it may be said to have become general in the United States 
 by September 6th, the date on which the advance of Von Kluck towards Paris was stopped by 
 the French under Joffre near the Marne River. The concern of Buffalonians, however, was the 
 concern of disinterested onlookers. The announcement by an umpire giving the names of the 
 rival batteries for the day's baseball game at the Ferry Street ball park occasioned about the 
 same relative interest as the telegraph despatches outlining the progress of the contending forces 
 on the French and Belgian battlefields. Each side was championed here by those among us of 
 foreign birth according to the location of their nativity, but the masses of Buffalo, at that early 
 day, saw no issue involved which affected our individual life or our national policy. "Let them 
 fight it out," was a common ejaculation among those who stopped to discuss the question. There 
 was no direct assault on our rights. No reason why we should become entangled; as a matter 
 of fact, had a modern and local Diogenes gone out with his lantern to find the plain spoken man 
 among us he might have returned with the impression that only our sporting blood had been 
 aroused. The lackadaisical folk awoke. That seemed to be all. Among city officials, at the 
 clubs, in the hotel foyers, everywhere the same indifference over the war's progress. Only where 
 one had a relative involved among the contending forces was there serious battle thought. To 
 most of us it was a purely European dispute. It never entered into the discussions, not even 
 into our thoughts, that we had need take sides in such a conflict. It detracted nothing from 
 our amusements. It curbed none of our wastes. We were prosperous, generally speaking, for 
 wages were good. It was the natural thing for us to go unshod of all vital concern in the troubles 
 of France, or Germany or England. We did sympathize with Belgium. The little buffer coun- 
 try had our good will from the start, just as the little fellow carries the heart of the onlooker in 
 every conflict with a "bully." But in the main enterprise we took no side. 
 
22 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 The Monroe Doctrine towered out before us second only to the doctrine cut in stone on Mount 
 Sinai. Accordingly, President Wilson's early proclamation of neutrality was received by the 
 people as a natural and inevitable course. He put into words the sentiment of the people as 
 accurately as that sentiment will ever be conveyed from the hearts to the minds of men. "Every 
 man who really loves America," his message ran, "will act and speak in the true spirit of neu- 
 trality, which is the spirit of impartiality and fairness and friendliness to all concerned." That 
 spirit had already found a lodging place here and the President's appeal met no counter currents. 
 We, surely, at that moment and in that period were solidly neutral. 
 
 It will be no easy thing for a student in the coming years, as he goes over the events of these 
 days, to disassociate from the history of local affairs of this period all thoughts of war and the 
 tremendous crushing out of life as the fighting machines of Europe clawed back and forth over 
 the battlefields of France and Belgium. It is difficult for even a contemporaneous writer to 
 clear his mind of the rumblings from across the ocean as he endeavors to set down aright the 
 record of that day at home. But the masses were able to do it. Their minds functioned in more 
 contented fields. Home, family, office — at work, in recreation, or at rest no trouble was astir. 
 
 The commission charter contest* came in November with its climacteric fierceness. The rival 
 forces stormed from automobiles on the street corners, and before the swarming, overalled throng 
 
 *On January 1, 1916, the first Council of the City of Buffalo, created under the new commission form of government, came into existence. The 
 scene of the inauguration was the old Council Chamber on the third floor of the City and County Hall. The chamber that day looked the part 
 of a display room of a metropolitan florist, or the main gallery at the annual flower show. Nothing like it had ever before come to pass, and the 
 well wishes on which the new government floated into power were perfumed with the fairest fragrance of the rose. . The old government stepped 
 out. Let it be said the retiring officials did it gracefully. They took their place in the throng that sang the praises of the new government, and 
 joined in the welcome extended to the incoming representatives. How much heart they had in the task is not of much moment. They stood 
 the ordeal, and gave a smile and Godspeed to their successors. 
 
 This new government had its beginning, though not its origin, with the war. Some months prior to the outbreak of hostilities in Europe, 
 Senator John F. Malone fought a battle for its adoption in the Senate Chamber at Albany. The campaign for its acceptance by the people of 
 Buffalo was at the height of the drive when the armies of the younger Moltke crossed the Belgium line in the first German offensive. The commis- 
 sion government campaign involved the overthrow of a form of city administration which had existed for more than a quarter of a century and 
 through which had become entrenched several exceptionally able men, listed among the most powerful political figures in the local public affairs 
 of their day. They were the controlling factors in the government; and, in its most exciting phase, the drive for the new Charter was a drive for 
 the destruction of the political power and position of those men. Two of the leaders — John P. Sullivan and Col. Francis G. Ward — fell with the 
 success of the new government, the latter, a very sick man throughout the final stages of the campaign, died within a week after the election 
 which had recorded his defeat. The third member of that triumvirate was Mayor Louis P. Fuhrmann, Under the terms of the new charter he 
 continued in office to the end of the term for which he had been elected — January 1st, 1918. He was a candidate for re-election in November of 
 1917, but was defeated by George S. Buck by a plurality of 10,000. 
 
 Many students of municipal government, of whom George B. Burd, William Burnett Wright, Frank M. Loomis, A. J. Ehas, Knowlton 
 Mixer, Oliver G. LaReau, Lewis Stockton and Charles J. Staples might be mentioned as leaders, had for many years in public forums of one kind 
 or another advocated the consideration of this simplified form of municipal management. They urged it in season and out. Mr. Stockton suc- 
 ceeded on one or two occasions in having it submitted to a popular vote, but the public interest was not sufficiently aroused to make the showing 
 an impressive one. The small body of campaigners, following each such disastrous occasion, returned undaunted to their academic discussion 
 of the subject. Their motto was "Carry On." 
 
 The Buffalo Board of Aldermen continued to create antagonisms as boards of aldermen and other legislative bodies frequently do. Mayor 
 Fuhrmann ran afoul of the aims of the political organization of his party, and lost the support of William H. Fitzpatrick, chairman of the Demo- 
 cratic County Committee. Fred Greiner, a very keen and forceful political leader, then at the head of the Republican organization, was not con- 
 cerned with the political destinies either of Mayor Fuhrmann, nor those in control of the legislative branch of the city government. Consequently 
 he had no heart for a fight against the reform movement. With an attitude of indifference or secret hostility existing in the two great parties 
 towards the existing government and its controlling heads, the reform element pressed on. At that period William J. Conners, owner of the Buffalo 
 Courier and Buffah Enquirer, two influential newspapers, opened a vigorous campaign for the adoption of the new form of government, and senti- 
 ment was sufficiently aroused to force its enactment over the opposition of the city officials. Senator Malone at Albany guided the measure through 
 the devious and precarious channels of legislation. 
 
 The State Constitution requiring the signature of the Mayor of the city to all special legislation, the new charter suddenly encountered another 
 hurdle and was obliged, in the course of its legislative progress, to come to Mayor Fuhrmann for his consideration and approval. The Mayor 
 expressed no opinion as to his probable course. The law as passed carried a provision that it should not be effective unless approved by a majority 
 of the people on a referendum vote, and, apart from the real merits of the measure itself, came the question of whether or not the people should 
 be permitted to say if they wanted this new form of government. The speakers in support of the measure at the hearing before the Mayor in- 
 cluded George H. Kennedy, W. H. Crosby, Charles J. Staples, George B. Burd, Mrs. Frank J. Shuler. Charles M. Heald, William B. Wright, 
 Peter B. Smokowski, G. Barrett Rich, Max Nowak, Carlos C. Alden, Mrs. Frank Bliss, W. A. Eckert, Charles Rohlfs, Alderman Fred H. Holtz, 
 Irving S. Underhill, Melvin P. Porter, Francis F. Baker, Roland Crangle, Chauneey J. Hamlin, A. J. Elias, L. W. Simpson, C. T. Horton, George 
 G. Davidson, John Purcell, C. B. Matthews, E. H. Buddenhagen, Mrs. Melvin P. Porter, Gus Wende, Frank H. Callan, Knowlton Mixer, Oliver 
 G. LaReau, and Dr. F. Park Lewis. There may have been others on the occasion of the hearing. The Mayor's reception room was packed to 
 the doors and the corridors of the City Hall were thronged with an eager, earnest crowd; denied admission by reason of physical impossibility of 
 getting more people into the small space which the Mayor's office afforded, they crowded into the Council Chamber and there held an indignation 
 meeting demanding that the hearing be stopped until a larger room was made available for those unable to reach the Ma.vor's office. The imper- 
 turbable Mayor again and again declined to listen to these appeals. He stood like adamant, insisting that the hearing was scheduled for the 
 Mayor's office; that it would be held there, and that everyone who wanted to speak either for or against the measure would be heard if it took a 
 week to hear them all. Those who spoke against the acceptance of the measure included: Simon Fleischmann, Arthur W. Hickman, Thomas C. 
 Burke, W. H. Tennant. D. J. Sweeney, Charles L. Feldman, Miss Mary L. O'Connor, President of the School Teachers' League, President Joseph 
 Lynch of the Erie Club I the policemen's organization). Dr. Pettit, William Schoenhut, Louis E. Desbecker, Frank S. Burzynski, John Coleman, 
 delegate of the United Trades and Labor Council, President Edward Boore of the Dauntless Club (the firemen's organization), John F. Cochrane. 
 City Comptroller, Henry W. Killeen, Vito Christiano, James Smith, John J. Griffin, and possibly others. 
 
 The hearing lasted two full days. At times acrimonious and bitter it concluded in harmony. Touching every fibre in the whole list of human 
 emotions it ended in an exchange of courtesies. The Mayor vetoed the measure, as might reasonably have been anticipated and expected. Some 
 part of its support was aiming at his official life. After the veto the measure was returned to the Legislature at Albany where Senator Malone, 
 with the aid of his powerful friends in that body and at home, succeeded in passing it over the veto of the Mayor — a very exceptional and remark- 
 able achievement. It was then opposed before Governor Glynn, but received the approval of the State's Chief Executive and came to a vote 
 ot the people in November of that year. It carried by a vote of 36,327 in favor; 21,011 against. The following year 46 candidates presented 
 themselves for nomination as commissioners to the four places tn be filled. The successful candidates were Arthur W. Kreinheder, Charles M. 
 Heald, Charles B. Hill and John F. Malone, and together with Mayor Fuhrmann they administered the affairs of the city during the earlier period 
 of the war. At the beginning of 1918, Mayor Buck succeeded Mayor Fuhrmann as a result of the preceding election and Frederick G. Bagley, 
 who served as chairman of the commission government association during the campaign before the people for ratification of the charter, succeeded 
 Charles B. Hill upon the latter's appointment as chairman of the State Public Service Commission. 
 
 The new Council came into the government at an eventful period in the city's history, and their work will necessarily be for all time a matter 
 of concern and interest to those of later years, particularly those into whose keeping the destinies of the city are entrusted. — Editor 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 23 
 
 In Pre- War Days 
 
 Members of the old 65th Regiment in training — About to break camp 
 
 that poured out of the factories. They exhibited their argumentative wares wherever a public 
 forum would afford the opportunity. 
 
 Election Day — and the new government had won an overwhelming victory. A good day's 
 work — then the citizens rested. Reformers, statesmen and politicians drew each respective 
 belt one eye-hole tighter. The scent of newer game was in the air. And so the time went by 
 from the winter of 1914-1915 to the Spring and Summer and Fall of 1915. Candidates multi- 
 plied for the new municipal posts like the leaves on the trees. Public interest was focused on 
 these new developments of personal ambitions and zeal for public service. A few contracts 
 from the Allied governments coming into the factories of Buffalo increased the demand for labor. 
 This widening industrial field of opportunity again enhanced the prosperity of the people. War 
 contracts were added to our list of productive occupations. The salaries of ordinary mechanics 
 rapidly advanced, and we began to feel — but only in a pecuniarily profitable way — the effects 
 of the war. The Mayor's message of 1915 contained no mention of the war nor its local effects. 
 His communication to the new Council in 1916 was likewise barren of war references. Though 
 the presence of the European struggle was felt in the industries and reviewed in the newspapers, 
 in the minds of the masses of the people it had drawn no nearer to us at the beginning of 1916 
 than it had been in the closing days of '14. We heard of the use of poison gas and of liquid flame. 
 Stories of Vimy Ridge floated across the border. The Canadian casualty lists contained the 
 names of boys from Toronto, Bridgeburg, Fort Erie, Port Colborne and other nearby Canadian 
 points. The spread of the submarine warfare incited local interest and the presence of the 
 "Deustchland," the underseas merchant ship from Germany, attracted our attention and elicited 
 expressions of admiration, but all these were happenings in a field from which we seemed wholly 
 and everlastingly eliminated. 
 
24 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER II 
 MONROE DOCTRINE ROCKS ON ITS BASE 
 
 THE first thought of a newer condition in our affairs might be traced to a speech delivered by 
 President Wilson before the League to Enforce Peace on May 27th, 1916. In that speech 
 for the first time in the history of the Republic, a President of the United States had indi- 
 cated that this Nation would have to give up its position of isolation behind the Monroe Doctrine 
 and assume the responsibilities of a world power. The League to Enforce Peace was organized 
 in Philadelphia, June 17th, 1915. It proposed as a fundamental plank of its origin that a League 
 of Nations be created at the end of the war for the purpose of setting up "a Judicial Tribunal 
 and a Council of Conciliation," and of using jointly economic and military force against any 
 nation belonging to the League that should go to war without first placing the questions involved 
 before the court or council of conciliation. It also proposed that conferences should be held 
 from time to time for the purpose of formulating and codifying rules of international law. Wil- 
 liam H. Taft was chosen as the first president of the League, and Alton B. Parker, a former chief 
 judge of the Court of Appeals of the State of New York, and a former candidate for President 
 of the United States, was chosen vice-president. President Wilson's first speech touching on the 
 newer foreign policy had such a forum for its dissemination. It is readily conceivable that the 
 speech delivered by the President in May, 1916, would have aroused, one year earlier, a storm of 
 bitter protest and of wide political portent. By that time, however, we had had many diplo- 
 matic exchanges with both England and Germany. The former Nation could not agree entirely 
 with the policy that we sought for the control of the seas. The authorities at Washington had 
 foreseen that complications on the seas might draw us into the conflict. As early as August, 
 1914, Secretary of State Bryan had despatched a note to all the powers then at war pointing 
 out rather clearly, it seemed, that serious trouble might arise out of the uncertainty of neutrals 
 as to their maritime rights and suggesting that the Declaration of London be accepted by all 
 nations for the period of the war. The reply of Great Britain was not entirely satisfactory, for 
 she could not accept in full any program which treated the questions of the sea apart, and 
 entirely so, from questions governing the powers on land. England's strength was in her Navy. 
 To bind her naval operations, without binding the land movements of other powers jointly 
 therewith, did not appeal to her. Probably it was illogical to expect more from England than 
 England then offered, but the American people, or a substantial portion thereof, were disap- 
 pointed in the reply. It did not tend to clarify the situation, nor did it carry any assurance that 
 neutral nations in the enforcement of their maritime rights would be able to steer clear of friction. 
 Our neutrality was real, but it was not easy to maintain, and Secretary of State William J. 
 Bryan soon found his relations with the Administration strained; his retirement from the Cab- 
 inet a natural course, and, from his point of view, inevitable. Controversies between this Nation 
 and Great Britain soon arose. These, while disturbing, did not seriously threaten our neutrality, 
 for the questions at issue concerned property rights and were fully covered, as the country under- 
 stood, by existing treaties between this country and Great Britain. Whatever impression this 
 attitude of England may have had upon the government of the United States, the trend of thought 
 it created among the people was not what might reasonably and naturally have been expected. 
 Instead of turning the public mind and the public hands to matters of preparation, it simply 
 aroused a sentiment something akin to indifference over England's fate. Nor did the German 
 propagandists, already busily burrowing in their rabbit-like way, overlook the opportunity it 
 afforded to shake loose the none too tightly-bound ties between the two great nations of English 
 speaking people. Simultaneously with these occurrences Germany stirred up among its popu- 
 lation a resentment against the people of the United States — or, rather, the government of the 
 United States. Germany endeavored to force a discontinuance of our trade in munitions with 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 25 
 
 belligerent nations by an appeal on humanitarian grounds. Coming from a nation whose atro- 
 cities in Belgium and on the high seas were already beginning to cry for vengeance, it attracted 
 no great measure of serious attention either at Washington or among the people throughout the 
 several States of the Union. The correspondence of the President with London and Berlin on 
 these and other questions had earned for him the title of "Our Letter-writing President." 
 
 When President Wilson addressed the League to Enforce Peace he had determined to strike 
 a new and significant note in our foreign policy. The day of our national aloofness was about 
 to pass, though the masses of America did not fully realize it even after the President had spoken. 
 He pictured in his address that day the principles on which lasting peace must rest, and reached 
 a conclusion, not drawn but forced, that the time had arrived for us to assume a new position 
 among the nations of the world . He said : 
 
 "So sincerely do we believe these things that I am sure that I speak the mind and wish of the 
 people of America when I say that the United States is willing to become a partner in any feasible 
 association of nations formed in order to realize these objects (lasting peace) and make them 
 secure against violation." 
 
 The sinking of the Lusitania, with its precious cargo of men, women and children, perpetrated 
 by U-boats on May 7th, 1915, the terrible affliction and suffering occasioned by the use of poison 
 gas on the field of battle had laid the foundation wherein the President's clearly stated intention 
 of departing from the tenets and restrictions of the Monroe doctrine brought no criticism; in 
 fact, won commendation from the people. 
 
 Our chief grievances against Germany grew out of the vicious use made of her underseas boats, 
 the wanton murder of innocent women and children and of peaceful men — noncombatants — 
 traveling along the public highway of the ocean; the presence in this country of German spies, 
 of paid agents to disturb the peace and destroy the property of American citizens. Those and 
 the constant quibbles and misrepresentation created an atmosphere of uneasiness. A smoulder- 
 ing volcano of hostility to the policy and purposes of the Imperial German Government was here, 
 though not entirely discernible to the naked eye. And yet the thought of taking an active part 
 in the European war was very, very far from most of our minds. The belief was general that 
 Germany would back down before she would risk an open rupture with the United States, but 
 it is apparent that this belief was not entertained at Washington; in fact, all evidence is to the 
 contrary. 
 
 In a speech at St. Louis, Mo., in February of 1916 the President said: "The danger is not 
 from within, gentlemen, it is from without, and I am bound to tell you that that danger is con- 
 stant and immediate, not because anything new has happened, not because there has been any 
 change in our international relationships with recent weeks or months, but because the danger 
 comes with every turn of events." 
 
 The President was speaking from an active and close association with the intricacies of our 
 relations with the belligerent nations and the difficulties he was experiencing in maintaining, in 
 the face of these, a strict neutrality. The public was far away from that standpoint. The reader 
 of history is concerned only with the book before him and the incidents it unfolds, while the man 
 on the street in the history-making period is concerned intimately only with the things which 
 surround his daily life; and with no feature of this war, save the headlines in the newspapers, 
 had the man on the street as yet come in contact. Early in October, 1916, the U-boats made a 
 raid on English shipping off Nantucket. For a moment there was surprise and concern. Could 
 Germany strike America from her submarines? Germany had already curtailed her underseas 
 activity at the request of this government, and that was taken as an evidence of her good faith ; 
 though here again we were fooled. The U-boats' visit was soon dismissed, and the spirit of in- 
 difference returned. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 27 
 
 CHAPTER III 
 SCENTING THE BATTLE AFAR 
 
 DURING the Fall of 1915 some of the leading men of the nation somewhat incensed by the 
 spread of German propaganda, and outraged by the depredations of the German submarine 
 commanders (we still partially, at least, absolved the German Government from the crime 
 of murdering those helpless women and children and attributed it to unrestrained Huns in charge 
 of the boats) began a movement looking to national preparedness. It was at first simply a 
 publicity enterprise to attract public attention to our deficiencies in the event of war. They 
 called it a hobby of the idle rich. Let it be that; but, nevertheless, it had a foundation in 
 the earth's illumination as the European conflagration shot its flames across the heavens. 
 Students of human nature and of history could not help but see the blazing sky. And it was 
 red! 
 
 A meeting called by Joseph Choate, former American Ambassador to the Court of St. James, 
 distinguished citizen and accomplished statesman, was held at the Bankers' Club in the City of 
 New York on November 3d, 1915. Every American city was invited to participate in that 
 gathering, and, while the meeting held many of the most representative men of the Nation, the 
 unrepresented cities would have made a much longer list than those whose representatives were 
 present. Bufi'alo appeared at that conference through its Mayor, Louis P. Fuhrmann, and 
 Evan P. Hollister — the latter a member of the law firm of Rogers, Locke & Babcock — a very 
 early and earnest worker for preparedness and one who eventually saw service with the American 
 Expeditionary Forces in France. The meeting sounded keenly the call for American activity 
 in preparation for home defense in the event the European struggle should ever sweep across the 
 ocean. We are not sure that those concerned in these preparedness plans were grave or appre- 
 hensive in their work. However, they were earnest. None went around with whitened face, but 
 as sound thinkers and farsighted men they saw — behind the good-natured, happy, well-paid 
 forces of the Nation — a dark background. It was not discernible to most of us. It must have 
 been to those men, for their activities were of a nature to spread broadly the preparedness prop- 
 aganda. 
 
 Mayor Fuhrmann spoke for Buffalo at the meeting, and in his address set forth briefly and 
 concisely our general attitude : 
 
 Mr. Toastmaster and Honored Guests: 
 
 I want to thank Mr. Choate and the gentlemen in charge of this gathering for their courtesy shown me in asking 
 me to participate with them and all of us in this initial meeting in the Empire State in behalf of national preparedness. 
 
 Buffalo, the city of which I have the honor to be the official head for the time being, is solidly in favor of the great 
 enterprise which inspires our coming together this afternoon. 
 
 Notwithstanding that Buffalo is on the Canadian border and for more than one hundred years has lived in peace 
 with the people of Canada, four hundred and fifty thousand of us stoutly favor every reasonable effort looking to 
 adequate national preparedness. 
 
 Buffalo, the one uniquely cosmopolitan city of the United States — a city composed of almost equal parts of a citi- 
 zenship of German, Irish, Italian, Hungarian and Polish antecedents — is in unanimous accord with the sentiment 
 "America First" and an America able at all times to take care of herself on land and sea, at home and abroad, 
 under any and all circumstances. 
 
 The people of Buffalo do not want the United States to go to war with any nation on earth — they desire peace and 
 good will between Americans and all others. Yet, if wars do come in the future, even as wars have sometimes been 
 our national portion in the past, then every last Buffalonian will be proud to have his country ready for the foe, 
 and everything that you and I and the rest of us can do toward creating an invincible America will be in accord with 
 the highest ethics and the highest patriotism, and will prove that we are worthy of those who bequeathed to us a 
 great, progressive, enlightened Republic. 
 
 We had no serious objection to others going to war as long as they remained on the European 
 continent and did not interfere with our peace and contentment. Germany, however, was even 
 
28 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 then engaged in arousing a hostile agitation on our Southern border by the means of paid agents 
 among the Mexicans, which, in later years we learned, had its inspiration right in the royal chairs 
 of the German imperial war lords; and, coupled with other overt acts on the highseas and here- 
 tofore spoken of, made it fairly certain that if war came our way it would be war with Germany. 
 
 Neither the Mayor's speech nor the occasion for it attracted any great amount of attention 
 here at home. The episode may have impressed the Mayor and the others who were present. 
 Probably it did. The Mayor seemed to feel the necessity of preparedness as a desirable pre- 
 caution, not as a need; still he did not delay putting the city in entire accord with the plans of 
 The National Security League. He announced, immediately after his return, the appointment 
 of a committee of one hundred representative men to form the Buffalo branch of that League. 
 Mr. Hollister was chosen as its first president; A. Conger Goodyear, afterwards a colonel in the 
 United States Army, was made treasurer; Harold J. Balliett, former city clerk and an active 
 worker in all civic enterprises, secretary. In addition to those mentioned, the executive com- 
 mittee was made up of the following members: Louis L. Babcock, Lyman M. Bass, Edward H. 
 Butler, Marshall Clinton, John F. Cochrane, James L. Crane, Boleslaw Dorasewicz, Gen. Francis 
 V. Greene, Harry D. Kirkover, Horace Lanza, Herbert A. Meldrum, Charles Mosier, Charles 
 P. Norton, Hugo Schoellkopf, Harry L. Taylor, George P. Urban and Orson E. Yeager. 
 
 The local branch fully completed its organization in November; established headquarters at 
 814 Fidelity Building, and opened a campaign for membership. The Mayor and Mr. Hollister 
 had, earlier in the month, attended a conference in Chicago, and the committee had plans in 
 embryo for the recruiting of the local regiments of the National Guard to full strength. It was 
 a matter of general knowledge, at that time, that the enrollment of the local regiments was far 
 below what might reasonably have been expected. The distaste for service as guardsmen was 
 deep-seated and not easily to be corrected. Buffalo boasted of two splendid new armories, one 
 for the use of the 74th Regiment of Infantry, located opposite Prospect Park, at Niagara and 
 Connecticut Streets; the other at Masten and Best Streets for the use of the 65th Regiment, 
 also an infantry regiment. The State had in the course of construction and about to be formally 
 opened a new armory on Delavan Avenue, opposite Forest Lawn, for the use of Troop I, First 
 Cavalry, National Guard — a cracking good organization of young troopers. These State mili- 
 tary quarters were equipped with the latest recreational facilities and club arrangements calcu- 
 lated to attract young men. But despite all this, the falling off in membership was very notice- 
 able and a matter of keen regret among military men generally throughout the city. A strike 
 of the street railway employees a few years before had proved so disastrous to property that it 
 was deemed necessary to call out the local regiments to guard the cars and, possibly, the lives of 
 those who sought to ride on them. The guardsmen proved themselves real soldiers, took orders, 
 and performed their duty, but their relations with the striking car men formed through associa- 
 tion in co-operating labor organizations brought a resentment against strike duty and soon left 
 the militia companies considerably undermanned. Later the regiments were called for strike 
 service at the Gould Coupling Works at Depew, N. Y. That strike occurred late in March, 1914. 
 The soldiers were on duty there about two weeks. Naturally, the Security League turned its 
 attention toward rectifying, if possible, that condition of affairs in the national guard organiza- 
 tions. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 29 
 
 CHAPTER IV 
 PREPAREDNESS SEED IS SOWN 
 
 GROWING out of the Bankers' Club banquet of November 3d an effort was made to co-ordinate 
 - the various preparedness movements in the State, and, early in January, 1916, Mayor 
 John Purroy Mitchel of New York City, a very earnest worker, appointed a New York 
 City committee which became known as the Mayor's Committee on National Defense. 
 
 Mayor Mitchel, while still Chief Executive of the first city of America, enlisted for training 
 at the citizens' training camp at Plattsburg; and, after leaving the office of Mayor two years 
 later, was given a commission in the aviation section of the National Army. He was killed by 
 a fall from his aeroplane while training at Kelly Field, Texas, for overseas service. 
 
 The committee he appointed early in January, 1916, did considerable work throughout the 
 State. An exchange of letters between the secretary of Mayor Mitchel's committee and Chair- 
 man Hollister of the Buffalo organization gave a very fair idea of the manner in which the pre- 
 paredness plans had progressed up to that time, and also an outline of the aims of those pre- 
 paredness pioneers. 
 
 CITY OF NEW YORK 
 Mayor's Committee on National Defense 
 Municipal Building, Rooms 914-916, New York 
 
 January 13, 1916. 
 Hon. Louis P. Fuhrmann, Mayor, 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y. 
 Dear Sir: 
 
 I have the honor to inform you that this committee is now organized and prepared to undertake active labors. We should be glad to receive 
 information as to the work which the Committee on preparedness appointed by you has undertaken and is doing, and hope that it may be possible 
 for us to co-operate to common advantage in the nation-wide effort to increase the readiness of the United States for National Defense. 
 
 May your Secretary send me the names of the officers and the correct address of your Committee, together with the names of those cities in 
 New York known to you besides Buffalo, Syracuse and New York in which a Citizens' Committee has been appointed by the Mayor? 
 
 Very truly yours, 
 
 (Signed) Gordon Ireland, Secretary. 
 
 Mr. Gordon Ireland, January 18, 1916. 
 
 Secretary, Mayor's Committee on National Defense, 
 914 Municipal Building, New York City. 
 Dear Sir: 
 
 Mayor Fuhrmann has referred to me your letter of the 13th instant in regard to the work accompHshed by the Committee which he appointed 
 to co-operate in support of the preparedness program of the National Security League. Our Committee of One Hundred has not only supported 
 the activities of the Buffalo Branch of the National Security League, which now has a membership of over 400 prominent citizens of Buffalo, but 
 has also undertaken to assist in the building up of the two National Guard Regiments of this city. At a meeting which we held for this purpose 
 on November 26th, we adopted a resolution calling upon all employers of men eligible for service in the Guard to grant vacations with pay to such 
 of their employees who are members of the Guard, when away on duty. I enclose a copy of this resolution, which was published in the papers and 
 sent to the large employers of labor in this city. 
 
 At the same meeting the Committee also unanimously adopted a resolution upon the subject of Preparedness, a copy of which is also enclosed 
 herewith. 
 
 Mayor Fuhrmann and I also attended the Chicago convention of the National Security League in November, as representatives of the Citizens' 
 Committee of Buffalo, as well as of the Buffalo Branch of the National Security League. 
 
 The Citizens' Committee will also be represented at the Congress of the National Security League to be held in Washington this week. 
 
 In December the Citizens' Committee, in co-operation with the Buffalo Branch of the Security League, obtained the consent of the owners of 
 the Buffalo Hippodrome to hold one of the performances of the moving picture exhibition known as "The Battle Cry of Peace" under the joint 
 auspices of the Committee and the Security League. There were about 3.000 people present at this meeting, and Henry A. Wise Wood of New 
 York dehvered a half-hour address on the subject of Preparedness. 
 
 I also enclose herewith, at your request, a list of the members of the Citizens' Committee, together with their addresses. 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 (Signed) KvAN Hollister, Chairman. 
 
 Mr. Hollister and his committee applied themselves to the task of inculcating the preparedness 
 idea in the public mind, at the same time inaugurating various movements calculated to arouse 
 the military spirit in the people. It seems we grew more familiar with martial airs. It was not 
 uncommon for our after-dinner speakers to refer to the desirability of national preparedness, 
 and, now and then, the vaudeville performers carried the thought in their songs, their mono- 
 logues and dialogues. A part of, and growing out of, this movement came a Congress of Con- 
 structive Patriotism, held in the City of Washington on January 25th, 26th and 27th. That 
 conference was attended by a number of Buflfalonians headed by Mr. Hollister and Mayor 
 
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Buffalo's Part in the World War 31 
 
 Fuhrmann. Returning, the members of the committee, on January 28th held a well attended meet- 
 ing for the purpose of drawing recruits into the local regiments. General Samuel M. Welch of the 
 Fourth Brigade, N. G. N. Y., and Councilman Charles B. Hill, a former national guardsman, 
 had much to do with the plans for the meeting, the general atmosphere of which was voiced in 
 a speech* delivered by Mayor Fuhrmann on that occasion. 
 
 The meeting was only partially successful. Bradley Goodyear, a young man of wealth and 
 position, Chauncey J. Hamlin, son of Harry Hamlin and grandson of Cicero J. Hamlin, one of 
 the builders of Buffalo, and others of more or less prominent positions enlisted in the 65th In- 
 fantry, N. G. N. Y., joining with Colonel Charles E. P. Babcock, Lieut. Col. John D. Howland, 
 Majors Louis H. Eller and James P. Fowler, Captains Kennedy, Marks, Colprice, Barrett, Brost, 
 Scholl, Hinds, Williams, Webber and Patrick J. Keeler, a judge of the City Court, Chaplain 
 Fornes and other earnest workers for the rehabilitation of the regiment. They made gains, and 
 they made sacrifices. Mr. Hamlin was chairman of the Progressive Party organization ; he was, 
 also, actively engaged in business enterprises and legal work, but was compelled, along with the 
 others in that regimental recruiting campaign, seriously to neglect his personal affairs. Col. 
 Charles J. Wolf of the 74th Regiment, with Lieut. Col. Beck, Majors Arthur Kemp, William R. 
 Pooley, Lyman A. Wood; Captains Ralph K. Robertson, Ziegler, Montgomery, Kaffenberger, 
 Kean, Minniss, Hubbell, Miller, Gillig, Taggart, Kendall, Sanburg, Kneubel, Branch, Cadotte, 
 Bagnall, Maldiner and Arthur C. Schaefer, Deputy Commissioner of Health for the city, likewise 
 gave their time and best efforts to bring their regiment to a substantial footing. To those men- 
 tioned should be added. Chaplain John C. Ward, who followed the fortunes of the old 74th Regi- 
 ment, not only through those very earnest recruiting times, but down into Texas, to the Mexican 
 border, across seas, and through the smoke and thunder of battle until victory was achieved and 
 the triumphant regiment returned. He, with every other member of the regiment, figuratively 
 speaking, took off his coat to aid Chairman Hollister and the Security League Committee in 
 arousing here the spirit of preparedness. They toiled day after day — in the shops, stores, theaters, 
 churches. It would not be accurate to say they created any great amount of enthusiasm, but 
 it is fair to say they toiled. On the other hand, their efforts were not wasted. They had sown 
 the seed of education, and so, in the latter months of the year, when we actually drew close to 
 war, it was not necessary to go over that ground again. 
 
 There was but little in the enlistments to encourage them, although they did gradually build 
 the regiments up to a reasonable size. From January to June those workers forced the campaign. 
 Then our military affairs took a turn toward the Southern border where the Mexicans, under 
 spur from outside sources, were threatening the lives of American citizens and it daily became 
 more and more evident that intervention by the United States in Mexico was inevitable. 
 
 *Mr. Chairman and Honored Guests: 
 
 I want to thank General Welch, Councilman Hill and the gentlemen in charge of this gathering for their courtesy shown me in asking me to 
 participate with them in this initial meeting in behalf of the 65th Regiment. 
 
 At the outset let me say that I know that Buffalo, the city of which I have the honor to be the official head for the time being is solidly in 
 favor of the policy of national preparedness. 
 
 I have just returned from a great gathering at Washington which emphasized and urged the need of a larger army and a larger navy. I 
 learned from the President of the United States and the Speaker of the House of Representatives and others, that our national law-making body 
 is presently to confront and solve this momentous problem. 
 
 The difficulties before our national legislators are two-fold. First arises the question: "What degree of preparedness will the American people 
 stand for?" and, second, "Where are the necessary revenues coming from to pay for these defense measures?" 
 
 Serious questions these are, my friends. Yet. I feel morally sure that when the final test comes, party lines will be forgotten and our repre- 
 sentatives in the House and Senate will measure up to their full duty and patriotically vote for adequate defense legislation. 
 
 To-night we have this particular burden on our minds, namely, what can we do and what will we do to strengthen our two Buffalo regiments — • 
 the 74th and the 65th? That they need additional strength is a matter of common knowledge. With my fellow townsmen I am here to urge 
 others and to pledge myself to join in a campaign to secure the necessary hundreds of men to fill these regiments to their full quota. 
 
 There are some, I am informed, who refuse to join the regiments because they object to the calling out of the militia during times of strikes. 
 As a public official I have always acted on the principle that the local public authorities could and must preserve order and enforce laws at all 
 times. I know that by exercising the unlimited power which we have to swear in special police we could cope with almost every possible occasion, 
 and that the necessity would almost never arise of calling out the State Militia. 
 
 The public mind is soon to give its deepest attention to what our legislators shall say and do on the paramount and supreme question before 
 this session of Congress. And while my fellow-citizens are urging our representatives to stand by and stand up for a policy of national prepared- 
 ness, I appeal to every patriotic BufTalonian here at home to prove anew our patriotism and honor by bringing up our two regiments to their 
 complete numerical standard. 
 
32 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER V 
 U. OF B. COMPANY IN NATIONAL GUARD 
 
 THROUGH the late months of Winter and the early months of Spring of 1916 the new city- 
 government spent its time in the adjustment of the various functions of the municipal 
 machine to the new schedule of operation. Bureaus and departments received "speed up" 
 orders. There was much for the new commissioners to learn and to do. While they applied 
 themselves to the multiplicity of tasks before them, the local regimental officers addressed them- 
 selves to the work of recruiting for the regiments, and the representatives of the National Se- 
 curity League bent their backs with a will to the spread of the preparedness propaganda. 
 
 In order that the national need for more adequate defense might be sharply impressed upon 
 the people. President Wilson set out from Washington on January 27th, 1916, at the head of the 
 preparedness movement for a tour of the country, speaking first in New York on January 28th. 
 That campaign attracted widespread interest; the President was welcomed by immense throngs 
 wherever he traveled, and local speakers of note everywhere added their voice of warning to the 
 appeal of the Nation's Chief Executive. The people were interested but not alarmed; they 
 listened, and simply heard. 
 
 Here in Buffalo the officers of the local regiments and the National Security League were dil- 
 igently at work. It was no uncommon thing then to drop into a church club meeting, a pedro 
 party, or a men's club smoker and find Captain Patrick Keeler or Chauncey Hamlin painting a 
 word picture of the forward gun on a foreign warship knocking the top off the Woolworth Building 
 in New York, or of a foreign army rushing unmolested through Pennsylvania and New York. Look- 
 ing back from this threshold of peace over the devastated areas of France it is difficult to realize 
 that we were then creating the great offensive machine which finally drove back the German 
 army. 
 
 The army for home defense for which Keeler and Hamlin and hundreds of others then appealed 
 became in reality, two years later, an irresistible military machine in a foreign land. Their appeals 
 however, at that period fell on rather indifferent ears. Still, they were not discouraged and con- 
 tinued to map out new progress. From street corner and club speeches they turned toward 
 the school. There, at least, they found the adventurous spirit of boyhood, and soon there ap- 
 peared a plan for the formation of a University of Buffalo Company in the 65th Regiment. It 
 was a novelty for the college boys and they took to the suggestion ; in fact, they took to the sug- 
 gestion much more readily than had been anticipated, and the project went through in a com- 
 mendable way. 
 
 The psychological moment for enlistment was created at a meeting held in the 65th Regiment 
 Armory January 29th where the sound of the gymnasium apparatus, the pump pump-pump 
 of the basket ball, and the whir-r-r of the bicycle riders as they tore around the training track 
 of the immense drill hall thrilled the college boys, while the general neatness and military splendor 
 of the uniformed officers and the men of the regiment touched off the spark of patriotism which 
 lies, sometimes dormant but ever present, in the breast of every American boy. The meeting 
 was presided over by Chancellor Charles P. Norton of the University and his heart was in the 
 effort. "There is a picture," he said, "which none of us wishes to see. We can picture for a 
 moment the country caught unprepared for a struggle forced on us. We may look for a moment 
 on the homes of Buffalo smoking, its buildings and its institutions shattered by shells, its women 
 fleeing, its babes trampled in the streets, and the red blood of carnage in every byway. If the 
 present condition should continue and that scene come to pass and the great God to judge us, our 
 answer would be, 'We were not ready'. Do you believe the people of the United States want to 
 see such a picture? — an event which might happen were there no trained men to respond to the 
 call." 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 33 
 
 Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, Lafayette Square 
 
 As it appeared before the war 
 
 Captain Keeler followed Chancellor Norton. Mayor Fuhrmann and Brigadier General Welch 
 likewise addressed the boys. Captain Hamilton Ward, who had given many years to service in 
 the local militia, made the final plea. "There was a time," he said, "when 300 trained British 
 soldiers invaded and burned Buffalo, and 3,000 untrained and unprepared militiamen fled into 
 the woods. We learned the lesson again in the Civil War. Only the pen of Horace Greeley 
 kept up courage. We have not forgotten the Spanish-American war. We were unprepared then. 
 We lost 500 men by gunshot in Cuba and 5,000 men from disease in the camps because we were 
 not prepared to care for these men. Are we again to be caught unprepared if war should come?" 
 
 The University boys answered that question so far as their limited numbers would permit by 
 then and there offering themselves for enlistment, and a U. of B. company for the 65th Regiment 
 was organized. It was, however, a small quota in comparison to the enlistments desired, but as 
 the movement was as much an educational endeavor to arouse public sentiment as it was to secure 
 recruits, the benefits of this effort could not fairly be measured by counting the men who affixed 
 their signatures to enrollment blanks. 
 
34 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER VI 
 GOVERNOR W^HITMAN AT FIRST PREPAREDNESS MEETING 
 
 IT is inconceivable that the public, under the constant pressure of the National Security League, 
 should have failed to find recreational interest at least in the preparedness movement. But 
 no particular enemy was discernible, and we were still living in the aloofness of the Monroe 
 Doctrine. Opinion was divided on the question of whether trouble might reasonably be 
 expected with England or with Germany, in the event of difficulty with any European country. 
 To clarify the atmosphere of any assumption that this Nation was then planning a military cam- 
 paign, the President repeatedly stated in his speeches that we were not. But he did say on 
 innumerable occasions that the conflict then in progress would be in all likelihood the last great 
 war from whose maelstrom we could remain free; in fact, he made clear the purpose of the pre- 
 paredness campaign by saying: 
 
 "We can no longer be a provincial nation. 
 
 "Let no man dare to say, if he would speak the truth, that the question of preparation for national defense is a 
 question of war or of peace. 
 
 "There is no spirit of aggrandizement in America. There is no desire on the part of any thoughtful and conscien- 
 tious man to take one foot of territory from any nation in the world. And I myself share to the bottom of my heart 
 that profound love of peace. I have sought to maintain peace against very great, and sometimes very unfair odds, 
 and I am ready, at any time, to use every power that is in me to prevent such a catastrophe as war coming to this 
 country. 
 
 "So that it is not permissible for any man to say that the defense of the nation has the least tinge in it of desire 
 for power which can be used to bring on war. But, gentlemen, there is something that the American people love 
 better than they love peace. They love the principles upon which their political life is founded. They are ready 
 at any time to fight for the vindication of their character and of their honor. They will at no time seek a contest, 
 but they will at no time cravenly avoid it. Because if there is one thing that the country ought to fight for and that 
 every nation ought to fight for, it is the integrity of its own convictions. We cannot surrender our convictions. I 
 would rather surrender territory than surrender those ideals which are the staff of life for the soul itself. And because 
 we hold certain ideals, we have thought it was right we should hold them for others as well as for ourselves. America 
 has more than once given evidence of the generosity and disinterestedness of its love for liberty." 
 
 The President concluded his campaign early in February, but the agencies of patriotism and 
 of preparedness continued actively at the task before them. In Buffalo a new impetus was given 
 to the effort when the local committee conceived the idea of holding an immense mass meeting 
 in the Broadway Auditorium at which the Governor of the State would be the principal speaker. 
 The meeting was called by Mayor Fuhrmann and was held on the evening of Saturday, February 
 26th. All avenues leading to the hall were packed and it was difficult to gain admission. Archer 
 A. Landon, of the Chamber of Commerce, presided, and the speakers, other than Governor Whit- 
 man and Mr. Landon, were Mayor Fuhrmann and Captain Keeler. 
 
 Buffalo answered the call to preparedness that night at a monster mass meeting. The en- 
 thusiasm aroused by Governor Whitman in his appeal for the proper defense of the nation cul- 
 minated in an excitement of patriotic fervor at the close when the war record of Buffalo men had 
 been reviewed and the young men in the audience, willing to play their part in defense of the flag, 
 were asked to stand. 
 
 Gray-haired men stood up with the youths in all parts of the hall. The enthusiasm that 
 swept through the hall as a great American flag was released from the girders over the heads of 
 the Governor and other men on the stage brought men and women to their feet, waving hats 
 and canes and handkerchiefs and cheering. 
 
 Governor Whitman, in his evening dress, stood at the front of the stage with the full staff of 
 gold-braided, red-striped military aides about him. Khaki-clad members of the Buffalo Cavalry 
 Association made their way through the wide aisles, collecting the pledge cards then signed by 
 the men standing on chairs and the floor in an.swer to the question : 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 35 
 
 "Are ijou ready as a citizen to do your duty for the national defense, for the safety and the liberty of 
 the flag?" 
 
 At the top of the patriotic intensity, the 65th and 74th regiment bands struck up "America." 
 Governor Whitman's was the voice which led the singing. The singing continued while the rest 
 of the sections cleared the seats for the doors. The like of that mass meeting was never before 
 seen in Buffalo. 
 
 While Captain Patrick J. Keeler of the 65th regiment was recounting the deeds of valor by- 
 Buffalo men in the Civil and Spanish-American wars, he called from the front row of seats a small 
 man of ruddy, smiling face. 
 
 "There is Pat Pierce," Captain Keeler said. "When Hobson called for thirteen volunteers to 
 go in the Alerrimac and sink it at the mouth of the harbor, two of the men he accepted were 
 Buffalo men. Seven of those men escaped after the ship blew up. They were taken prisoner 
 and thrown into the dungeons of Morro Castle. Pat Pierce was one of the seven. He lives at 
 No. 72 Hammerschmidt Street and is a freight conductor to-day for the Pennsylvania. Just a 
 few days ago he received, after all those years, the Congress medal of honor — the highest award 
 that can be made an American serving his country." 
 
 That was one of the high spots of applause during the close of the meeting. Governor Whit- 
 man came forward to the edge of the platform and shook hands with Pat Pierce. 
 
 "May I see your medal?" the Governor asked. 
 
 !Mr. Pierce had it in an envelope. The Governor held it up to view and showed it to the mili- 
 tary aides about him. 
 
 Among military men and others interested in the science of war and military training, the 
 question of the future of the volunteer system was always a live subject for debate. Draft laws 
 were not popular and never had been in this country. Militarism was, likewise, without sup- 
 porters among the people, for it was militarism which at that moment had forced the cataclysmic 
 conflict raging among the European nations. There was, however, a well defined sentiment in 
 favor of a military course of some sort in the schools, but that proposition had its able opponents, 
 as well as its able proponents. The League to Enforce Peace, of which William H. Taft was 
 president, was urgently pressing its campaign for the formation of a world league which would 
 end wars for all time by the establishment of a tribunal for the settlement of national grievances. 
 The speech of Governor Charles S. Whitman at the Auditorium meeting of that February night 
 fully and adequately reflected public sentiment on those questions as it then existed : 
 
 "I want to speak plainly to the parents and the guardians who object to having their boys in the National Guard. 
 Will you tell me that the training is going to make him a bad boy, a worthless young man when it teaches him obedi- 
 ence to orders, respect for authority and the ability to take care of himself? When it teaches him a patriotism that 
 is the surest guaranty of the safety and permanence of the free institutions of the United States. 
 
 "We as a nation must become trained to citizenship, trained to a finer manhood. The only way at present open 
 is through the National Guard. Here in Buffalo you have the opportunity offered by the finest armories in the 
 State. 
 
 "Nothing is further from my purpose than to attempt to sound a note of alarm, for the subject is too vital to be 
 complicated by passion and prejudice. Not because I dream of war, but because I want peace with all the power 
 of my heart and soul, I stand flatly and squarely with those who are insisting upon some sound scheme of adequate 
 preparedness. In common with all others whose sanity has not been undermined by the specious arguments of mili- 
 tarism, I look to a day when a great world parliament will provide machinery for the orderly adjustment of inter- 
 national disputes — the glorious day when racial hates will have given way to the spirit of universal brotherhood. But 
 madness still rests upon the face of the earth. 
 
 "As to the form of this preparedness, I have long since committed myself in opposition to the so-called volunteer 
 system. Even the most cursory study of history, American as well as European, proves conclusively that the vol- 
 unteer system has been a failure, is now a failure and must continue to be a failure. As unfair as it is undemocratic, 
 this system permits inequalities and makes discriminations, sending the brave and patriotic to fields of death and 
 allowing the base and cowardly to remain at home, profiting by sacrifices in which they play no part. What is this, 
 in the last analysis, but the penalization of patriotism and the placing of a premium on poltroonery? 
 
 "It is not compulsory military service that I preach. It is compulsory military training of the American youth 
 that I advocate, holding it to be the one true base of the citizen-soldiery idea. It is our good fortune not to be forced 
 
36 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 to run the risks of the experimental in this important matter, for in the world to-day there are two successful demon- 
 strations of the citizen-soldiery system — Switzerland and Australia. 
 
 "The Swiss system has been widely advertised, and is more known of men and yet the Australian system appeals 
 to me as better fitted to our peculiar needs. Like Switzerland, Australia proceeds upon the sound belief that national 
 defense is an inescapable obligation of citizenship and as vital a national consideration as education itself. As a 
 consequence, the two essentials are linked, and march forward hand in hand. 
 
 "From twelve to nineteen the boy receives instruction in the schools. He learns the fundamentals of soldiering, 
 drilling, marching, map reading, map making, trench digging, bridge building, tactics, sanitation, personal hygiene — 
 all these come to him just as his grammar and arithmetic come, simply and naturally. On his nineteenth birthday 
 he becomes a member of the citizen forces. He is presented with the full equipment of a soldier, for which he is held 
 responsible. He is called upon for eleven days of service each year until his 26th year. After his 26th year the young 
 defender passes into the reserve forces. He has learned not only to be a good soldier, but the instruction has helped 
 to make him a good citizen." 
 
 At the conclusion of the Governor's address, President Frank B. Baird of the Chamber of 
 Commerce arose to present a resolution. Mr. Baird was one of Buffalo's thorough, substantial 
 Americans of the war period, and much esteemed because of his indefatigable efforts in civic 
 enterprises. His presence signified the support of the business interests to the movement, as the 
 presence of Governor Whitman and Mayor Fuhrmann had signified the support of the State 
 and the city. The resolution was read in an attentive silence. It was as follows: 
 
 We, the citizens of Buffalo, in mass meeting assembled, do hereby proclaim our deep-seated convic- 
 tion that to insure the preservation of our glorious heritage of liberty and freedom we should forthwith 
 adopt in this country some such truly democratic form of universal military training as has won for 
 the republic of Sivitzerland the deserved admiration of the world and has helped to keep her at peace 
 amid the ravages of a ivorld war touching on her every frontier. 
 
 Appreciating, hotvever, the delay necessarily involved in putting such a system into effect, even if 
 adopted, we, therefore, declare that it is our immediate duty and patriotic obligation as American 
 citizens to do the only practical thing open for us now to do, and that is to forthuith build up and 
 strengthen our first and only line of defense — the regular army and the national guard. 
 
 Therefore, we, citizens of Buffalo, in mass meeting assembled, inspired by a deep sense of our duty 
 to our country in this hour of world crisis, do hereby resolve: 
 
 First, That the chairman of this meeting be and he hereby is requested to forthwith appoint a com- 
 mittee of 100 citizens whose duty it shall be to present to the President and Congress of the United 
 States and the Governor and Legislature of the State of New York copies of these resolutions, and who 
 shall be further authorized to take such other steps as they may deem advisable to further any legisla- 
 tion they deem necessary to make effective the recommendations herein contained. 
 
 Second, That appreciating the grave situation of our country arising through the serious lack of 
 men trained even in the elementary rudiments of the art of war, we, individually, here and now, with- 
 out waiting for any legislation, state or national, pledge our support to the national guard, and indi- 
 vidually declare our intention of forthwith taking such steps as we feel in duty bound to take to recruit 
 the local units of the national guard up to their full strength. 
 
 When the question on the foregoing resolution was put by Chairman Landon, the ayes it re- 
 ceived vibrated against the girders and found a hundred echoes in the nooks and corners of the 
 immense old edifice. All in all, the meeting had proved a wonderful demonstration of patriotic 
 fervor and willingness to serve. 
 
M 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 37 
 
 CHAPTER VII 
 
 PATRIOTISM UNLEASHED BY JUNE DAY PARADE 
 
 ARCH came along, after the preparedness events of the last chapter, and with it came the 
 Mayor's conference at St. Louis and another shower of patriotism. Across the Southern 
 border in Mexico outlawry was spreading. April and May followed much like March 
 so far as our national affairs were concerned. Mexican aggressions were increasing, and the 
 danger of our entanglement in the European conflict, like the rock of Gibraltar, was always there. 
 Following that February mass meeting at the Auditorium the preparedness campaign went 
 through three months of desultory firing, but ever advancing. The plans of the League came to 
 a splendid fruition with great force and volume in June and out of a clear sky, at a time and in a 
 manner which none of those originally in the movement had anticipated! 
 
 A. Conger Goodyear, son of Charles W. Goodyear, forester, lumber king, railroad president 
 and a founder of the Pan-American Exposition, was chosen Marshal for a parade to be held on 
 June 24th. He in turn had selected Ansley W. Sawyer, a local guardsman, for chief of staff, and, 
 with their co-workers, they assisted Mr. Hollister's League in arousing the commercial, profes- 
 sional, industrial, religious and civic organizations to joining in a monster preparedness parade. 
 Buffalo had not then grown more interested in the overseas struggle. We were going along our 
 war-listless way, concerned deeply with our own affairs, taking a look now and then at Europe, 
 perhaps to see who was ahead, or what new and devilish implement of warfare the Hohenzollern 
 war party had devised. In May, and possibly June, Buffalo joked about the coming prepared- 
 ness parade. There was no hostility to it, but no genuine feeling that such a thing was necessary. 
 Some may have felt otherwise, but not the masses. It received considerable notice in the news- 
 papers. Probably the versatile press agent was at work. Leaders in the industries organized 
 their shops. Clergymen of all faiths gave cordial support. The Rev. Thomas J. Walsh, then 
 chancellor of the Catholic Diocese of Buffalo, announced that 50 priests of that faith would march 
 in the parade, and the Rev. Cameron J. Davis, representing the Protestant clergymen of the city, 
 made a somewhat similar announcement. The spirit of the thing was growing rapidly. On 
 June 7th, at a meeting of the new city government. Councilman John F. Malone offered the 
 following resolution : 
 
 "Resolved, That Saturday, June 24th, 1916, from noon until midnight be, and is hereby declared a civic holiday 
 within the limits of the city of Buffalo." 
 
 The resolution was adopted with the approval of Councilmen Heald, Hill, Kreinheder and 
 Malone. Mayor Fuhrmann was absent. 
 
 A few days after that meeting. Marshal Goodyear announced his complete staff for the parade, 
 and the following order of formation and the names of the division marshals: 
 
 Squad of Mounted Police; Marshal of Parade and Staff; Mayor and Council of the City of Buffalo; 74th Regi- 
 ment N. G. N. Y.; 65th Regiment N. G. N. Y.; Troop I, First Cavalry, N. G. N. Y.; Naval Militia; U. S. Army 
 Detail; Aero Squadron; Spanish War Veterans; U. S. S. Marine Post 73. 
 
 SECTION 1 
 
 Clergymen's Division 
 
 Rev. Thomas J. Walsh, Rev. Cameron J. Davis, Marshals. 
 
 County and City Employees, George C. Diehl, Marshal; Federal Employees, George Bleistein, Marshal; Retail 
 Merchants, Herbert A. Meldrum, Marshal; Furniture Division, Laurens Enos, Marshal; Insurance Division, Frank 
 W. Fiske, Marshal; Real Estate Division, F. W. Kilhoffer, Marshal; Jewelers' Division, Edward A. Eisele, Marshal; 
 Traveling Men's Division, A. J. Fitzgibbons, Marshal; Hardware Division, George Walbridge, Marshal; Wholesale 
 Grocers and Produce, Frank E. Wattles, Marshal; Boot and Shoe Division, William H. Walker, Marshal: Platts- 
 burg Training Camp Division, George H. Field, Marshal; Buffalo Infantry Association, Montford Ryan, 
 Marshal. 
 
38 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 SECTION 2 
 
 Public Utilities and Heating, Charles R. Huntley, Marshal; Bankers and Brokers, Edward W. Dunn, Marshal; 
 Iron and Steel, Charles McCullough, Jr., Marshal; Women's Division, Mrs. Frank W. Fiske, Jr., Marshal; Trans- 
 portation Division, William Elmer, Marshal. 
 
 SECTION 3 
 
 Auto Manufacturers, George K. Birge, Marshal; Sheet Metal, L. R. Cooper, Marshal; Aeroplanes, Glenn H. Cur- 
 tiss. Marshal; Lancaster Division, August Blangden, Marshal; Coal Trade Division, Major Louis H. EUer, Mar- 
 shal; Fine Arts, Duane S. Lyman, Marshal; Engineers, John Younger, Marshal; Doctors, Dr. Charles Cary, Marshal; 
 Dentists, J. Wright Beach, Marshal; Stationary Engineers, John W. McGillvray, Marshal; Packers, Jacob C. Dold, 
 Marshal; Machinery, Charles P. Devine, Marshal; Baking Division, James B. Dwyer, Marshal; Soap Manufactur- 
 ers, John D. Larkin, Jr , Marshal; Rubber Manufacturers, Herbert H. Hewitt, Marshal. 
 
 SECTION 4 
 
 Lawyers, Louis L. Babcock, Marshal; Newspapers, Edward H. Butler, Marshal; Auto Trade, Mason B. Hatch, 
 Marshal; Paint, Oil and Varnish, F. W. Robinson, Marshal; Druggists, W. H. Reiman, Marshal; College and School 
 Division, Mark Hopkins, Marshal; Heating and Plumbing, H. J. Rente, Marshal; Milling Division, Frank F. 
 Henry, Marshal; Foundries, William H. Barr, Marshal; Building and Trades, Ballard I. Crooker, Marshal; Lumber 
 Division, Maurice M. Wall, Marshal; Wallboard, Wallpaper and Paper Boxes, William F. MacGlashan, Marshal; 
 Engine and Boilermakers' Division, David Bell, Marshal; Graphic Arts Division, David L. Johnson, Marshal; 
 Brewing Division, Col. John L. Schwartz, Marshal; Aniline Dyes Divison, C. P. Hugo Schoellkopf, Marshal; Petro- 
 leum Division, Horace P. Chamberlain, Marshal; Chemical, Reginald S. Richards, Marshal; Wholesale Drygoods, 
 Joseph A. McColl, Marshal; Milk Products, Edward C. Sutton, Marshal; Clothing Manufacturers, Benjamin 
 Hirsch, Marshal; Leather, Henry C. Zeller, Marshal; Men's Preparedness Battalion, Henry P. Werner, Marshal; 
 A. C. Goodyear, Grand Marshal; Ansley W. Sawyer, Chief of Staff. 
 
 Saturday, June 24th, 1916, was a bright, hot, summer day. The morning was clear. Very 
 early everybody in the city was astir with a desire either to participate in the parade or to secure 
 a desirable spot from which to view it. The street urchins were at their vantage points at dawn. 
 
 Buffalo's Preparedness Parade, June, 1916 
 
Buffalo's Pakt in the World War 39 
 
 At noon the pavement was giving off a glow, and the throng on the west side of the street was 
 steaming. Main Street crowded up early and the marching bands and squads, seeking their 
 place of formation, animated traffic in the downtown part of the city. Shortly before 2 o'clock 
 every division was at its appointed post. Some of them did not 'leave for hours, so great was 
 the number of patriotic men and women who turned out. Buffalo at that moment was but 
 one of a hundred or more American cities whose citizens were in line to step forth at 2 o'clock 
 as a signal to Washington that the masses of America demanded an adequate degree of prepared- 
 ness for home defense in the United States. 
 
 The parade started exactly at 2 o'clock. The last division filed past the reviewing stand in 
 Lafayette Square at 5.15 o'clock, and the pageant had passed into history. It was generally 
 acknowledged at that time and since to have been the greatest patriotic procession Buffalo had 
 ever seen. The G. A. R. Encampment pageant of 1897, which was graced by the presence of the 
 martyred President William McKinley, and the departure of the 13th U. S. Infantry, U. S. Army 
 regulars, from Fort Porter at the opening of the Spanish-American war, are the only former 
 marching spectacles that were mentioned, or might be mentioned, in comparison. The flame 
 of patriotism lit by that June day procession blazed, and the city glowed for days and weeks 
 thereafter; in fact, from the fervor of that academic moment, the city stepped into the realities 
 of war holding that torch still lit and burning with increasing radiance : 
 
 "/ pledge allegiance to my flag and to the Republic for which it stands ^one nation, indivisible; ivith liberty and 
 justice for all." 
 
 In those lines might be found the keynote of the day. It tells all there is to be said; yet, as 
 they left the ranks of marchers, drenched from the heavy downpour more than once encountered, 
 men and women little realized how near the day when the nation, involved in the greatest war 
 of history, would exact the fulfillment of that pledge. 
 
 In the light of after events, the parade spelled a momentous day in Buffalo's history. It will 
 stand in the memory of Buffalonians of that period as a demonstration of an Americanism that 
 knew no difference of race or creed — an Americanism single in its devotion to the Stars and Stripes. 
 The watchword of the march was preparedness for the nation; the transcendent idea was an 
 adequate defense for home and institutions. It was Buffalo's shot heard round the State. Abso- 
 lute and unqualified consecration to the nation was mirrored in every man and woman in the 
 procession and on the walks. Hats were flying, banners waving, and from a hundred thousand 
 throats came an almost constant cheer. For every man and woman in the parade, two had taken 
 their place on the sidewalks on both sides of IVIain Street between Exchange and Summer streets. 
 The martial music of the bands kept hearts atune. Men and women sang the old songs of the 
 Republic : 
 
 "My Country, 'tis of Thee, 
 Sweet land of Liberty, 
 Of Thee I sing." 
 
 And the younger folk, catching the spirit of the day, joined in the singing: 
 
 "America, I love you, 
 You are a sweetheart of mine. 
 From ocean to ocean, 
 For you my devotion 
 Is touching each boundary line — 
 
 And there's a hundred million 
 others like me." 
 
 The military division gave the keynote to the spirit of the day. It touched every last pulse- 
 beat of patriotism in every one of the thousands in the street. The infantrymen stirred the hope 
 that America might be so well safeguarded by a volunteer force throughout the land that its 
 preparedness might remove even the temptation from any power to infringe on the rights or the 
 ideals of the Republic. 
 
40 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Rain started at 2.50 o'clock while the parade was in motion. For several minutes before that 
 the storm clouds were banking the sky with the black threat of rain. The breeze that stirred 
 the waste paper in the street and whipped the flags from store windows was a grateful visitor 
 among the throng in the sweltering street. Then the rain! Everyone scampered for the shelter 
 of awning and store front. Streets which had been jammed to suffocation were cleared in a 
 minute. But the marchers continued. Umbrellas were raised in the line and on them the 
 heavy raindrops spattered and bounded. The rain raced up the street in a downpour that 
 drenched marchers and spectators to the skin. For twenty minutes the downpour continued. 
 The marchers continued also, laughing and chaffing each other, waving their flags above their 
 heads and shouting out their enthusiasm. The rain passed. 
 
 When the women's section came along, everyone wondered where the women could have hidden 
 during the downpour. For they came in spotless white of dress and waist, unrumpled, certainly 
 not damp enough to cling to their arms. The women's section was, next to the military division, 
 the most impressive of the parade. From the dense black of the men's divisions, distinguished 
 by the yellow of straw hats and the red of the flags, the street for a mile back gave way to a seeth- 
 ing stream of white. 
 
 The store and building fronts burst, it seemed, into a waving flag of flags as far as the eye could 
 see. There was unstinted applause. " Mrs. John Miller Horton marched at the head of the divi- 
 sion. Women carried flags which the breeze straightened out. 
 
 After it had all passed and the eventful day was done it was found that all eyes were focused 
 on Mexico. What began in an effort to arouse the nation to the fear of Germany and a proffer 
 of help to France and Great Britain ended with all eyes on the Mexican border. We still were 
 unaware of the proximity of that European struggle. 
 
 An editorial in The Courier of Sunday, June 25, 1916, the day following the parade, indicated 
 very clearly the trend of the public mind : 
 
 "Buffalo never before witnessed such a parade of its men and women, or offered so grand an exhibit. The weather 
 conditions were not such as were wished, but they could not dampen the public enthusiasm. Hour after hour the 
 columns moved in files on the Main Street pavement's full width, amid a multitude of bands and flags innumerable. 
 It was a glorious demonstration of the love of our people for their country and of their unity of purpose that protec- 
 tion shall be made for its defense. 
 
 "When the preparedness parade was planned, no emergency was immediately in view. The thought was that 
 the nation should be put in readiness for danger the future might bring. It was a somewhat abstract provision, pro- 
 moted by experiences other countries have undergone. Suddenly the matter of our difficult relations with Mexico 
 had developed, bringing war in view as almost a certainty. The National Guard is under arms. Our Buffalo 
 regiments are in expectation of being sent away. A wider call to the colors may be sounded by the Government 
 soon, and if a voluntary army must be raised immediately, regiments can be recruited from the tens of thousands of 
 splendid young men who yesterday swelled the marching throng in defense of the flag. 
 
 "The parade was not intended for the cultivation of militarism in a nation of which the greatness has been obtained 
 through the arts and industries of peace; but yesterday something of the war spirit has been incited by Mexican 
 insults and atrocities. We wished to help Mexico out of social and economic chaos, but it has bitten the hand of 
 kindness. The attacks upon American border towns, and lastly the apparent killing of our cavalrymen, have so 
 filled the measure of offense that armed intervention may be unavoidable. 
 
 "The report is that Carranza's answer to the last communication from the Government of the United States will 
 be made public in Mexico City to-day. If he prefers war to peace with this power, war will ensue — and, if so, all 
 America will throb with the patriotic fervor which yesterday caused the pulse of Buffalo to quicken." 
 
 On Monday morning came the announcement that Major General Leonard Wood, commander 
 of the Department of the East, had received from Secretary of War Baker an urgent appeal to 
 start for the border at once some of the militia organizations under his command. On Tuesday 
 Troop I had entrained, and the rush to fill up the 65th and 74th regiments was rapidly under way. 
 Buffalo's military men were headed for Mexico. The flame of the preparedness parade carried 
 the city into the plans for intervention in Mexico with patriotic enthusiasm. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 41 
 
 CHAPTER VIII 
 UNEQUIPPED REGIMENTS CALLED TO MEXICO 
 
 IN January, 1916, the government developments in Mexico indicated a more or less serious 
 situation along the Mexican border, and it became apparent to the Federal authorities that 
 both Carranza, the head of the Mexican government, and Villa, the outlaw chief, were bent 
 on deviltry. On the surface of things, Carranza could not control the activities of the Villa army 
 of desperadoes, but, in the light of subsequent events, it is possible that Carranza desired no 
 more public control over Villa's acts than Kaiser Wilhelm over the murderous operations of his 
 submarine commanders. In each instance, the subordinates were going about their villainous 
 work in a manner not entirely unsatisfactory to their superiors. In any event, the trend of 
 affairs on our Southern border through the Spring of 1916 was drawing the United States closer 
 daily to a conflict with our Mexican neighbors. 
 
 Depredations along the frontier became insolent, as well as destructive, and the lives of civilian 
 residents were constantly in jeopardy. 
 
 A "speed up" order about that time set the local military men on their toes, and, as soon as it 
 appeared reasonably certain that the militia might be called out for service against Mexico there 
 was a rustle about the armories, and an interest in soldierly work which showed that the men in 
 the militia, at least, were anxious and ready for service or adventure. 
 
 Mexican intervention to most people then seemed for all the world like a miniature war, but 
 it became apparent the trouble would not end until the United States stepped in and administered 
 a spanking to the outlaw Villa and his unruly army. The problem had a serious aspect as well, 
 for the mountainous country into which the American army would have to follow the Villa forces 
 
 Troop I on a Practice March 
 
42 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 afforded an opportunity to the Mexican brigands to carry on the sort of warfare they hked, and 
 would have endangered the lives of many of our men. But the time had come for intervention, 
 and the proximity of the trouble gave a zest to it that put the country, for the first time since the 
 Spanish-American war, into a military stride. Buffalo military men who rarely wore their 
 uniforms outside the armories could be seen on the streets with boot and spur. Enlistment 
 headquarters sprang up on street corners. The local commanders sought eagerly to fill up their 
 regiments, and, with the arrival of Spring, the campaign to secure recruits was under a full head 
 of steam. 
 
 While we were thus engaged in preparation for our own little war, the depredations of the Ger- 
 man submarine were increasing and the underseas power of the Central Empires became menacing 
 in the extreme. England and France had begun to feel the serious effect of this attack on their 
 source of supplies, and Germany was not at all adverse to keeping the United States busily en- 
 gaged with the Mexican problem. It was subsequently definitely established that the Mexi- 
 can government had promises of assistance from the German government so that the trouble we 
 were experiencing in Mexico was not entirely divorced from the plans of the German Emperor 
 in his quest for world domination. The American mind, however, had not centered on any such 
 thought at that time. Accordingly, we failed to put the two together, but went along with our 
 Mexican task as a simple proposition between ourselves and Mexico. 
 
 As the Mexican problem had been brewing before the European war began it was easy to con- 
 sider it as an affair quite apart from the larger struggle overseas. 
 
 Some few Americans had joined the Canadian army at the time we were making ready to head 
 into Mexico. 
 
 Captain William J. Donovan, the able and enthusiastic commander of Troop I, First Cavalry, 
 had gone abroad on a special mission for the Rockefeller Foundation. His troop was one of the 
 first to be called out for duty on the Mexican border. 
 
 General Pershing, with the regulars, was well on his way into Mexico when on June 19th Presi- 
 dent Wilson called the militia into Federal service. An opportunity was afforded the guardsmen 
 to drop out if they did not wish to enter the national muster. Very few took advantage of it, 
 and the transformation of the local regiments from the service of the State to the service of the 
 Nation took substantially the entire regiment in each case. The Buffalo regiments, and, pre- 
 sumably all others through the State, were poorly equipped. An example of the lack of pre- 
 paredness for war was shown by an order which then came to Colonel Wolf, 74th Infantry, direct- 
 ing him to organize a machine gun company in his regiment. At that time the war in Europe 
 had been raging under the terrible power of machine gun paraphernalia for two years. But it 
 was all so far from us that no serious thought had been given to the proper equipment of the 
 militia. There was not a machine gun company in the entire national guard of the State of New 
 York. 
 
 The Buffalo Courier of June 25th, in giving an account of the activity in local military circles, 
 said: 
 
 "Col. Charles J. Wolf of the Seventy-Fourth Regiment was ordered last night to organize and equip a machine 
 gun company, which means the command will go to Camp Whitman as an organization of thirteen companies. The 
 order was telegraphed to Col. Wolf by Major General John F. O'Ryan, with instructions to report immediately when 
 the company had been organized and fully equipped. 
 
 "The use of the machine gun has become quite an important factor in modern warfare, so it was explained by 
 officers who told of the great effectiveness of the weapon in the European war, and of the slaughter recently wrought 
 by Mexicans who turned a machine gun on members of the Tenth United States Cavalry at Carrizal. 
 
 "Although many machine guns are in use in the United States Army, few of the national guard organizations 
 have them, and the order of General O'Ryan is taken here to indicate that similar instructions will be given to other 
 New York State regiments and, perhaps, to militia units in every section of the country." 
 
 About that time, both local regiments were found to be short of uniforms and other equipment 
 for the new men, and the commanders were notified that no more would be shipped to Buffalo. 
 Old uniforms, long since discarded, were drawn out of the lockers. The more fortunate recruits 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 43 
 
 74th Regiment at Drill 
 
 Colonel Kemp and officers marching by in review 
 
 became the proud possessors of these. The regiments lacked, also, an adequate number of guns, 
 but it was understood, and afterward assured, that a further shipment of supplies would go to 
 the men in camp. In addition to the fact that our militia was, in the first instance, far below 
 war strength, and, secondly, that we had no machine gun companies, it was also apparent we had 
 no sufficient hospital force, no balloon companies, no hand grenades, no trench mortars, no tanks, 
 no air force, and not any of the steel helmets, which later saved thousands of lives in Europe. We 
 had no thought of war, and we were therefore not equipped for war. 
 
44 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER IX 
 
 TROOP I OFF TO BORDER— COLONELS WOLF AND 
 BABCOCK RELIEVED 
 
 Troop I alone of the Buffalo military units seemed to be at war strength, and, accordingly, 
 was the first contingent to get under way. The echoes of the preparedness parade of 
 Saturday, June 24th, had hardly died away when the cavalrymen were assembling pre- 
 paratory to leaving. The troop train was pulled in on a switch in Northland Avenue where the 
 railroad men had been in the habit of shunting circus trains when circus day came around. To 
 the small boy the occasion may have seemed like a circus day. The crowd was there, and the 
 excitement. The irrepressible vender of buttons and flags and toy balloons was present, and 
 the peanut man, with his fresh-roasted supply, was not to be denied the opportunity. It was 
 a more serious occasion, however, to the parents and friends of the boys, who pushed through 
 the throng to implant a parting kiss or give the last parental word of advice. The boys were 
 going away on serious business. Therefore it was a serious occasion. But it developed that 
 the serious business was not to come on that trip. Nor from the direction in which they were 
 then headed. 
 
 Members of the 74th and the 65th regiments had been growing impatient over the delay in 
 their orders. Only one company in the two regiments — Company I of the 65th, composed almost 
 entirely of men of Polish descent — was at full war strength. Some of the other regiments in the 
 State at full war strength, or nearly so, had already left for the border. In an eleventh hour 
 effort to stir the patriotism of the young men of the city and possibly induce them to enlist, 
 Brigadier General William Wilson of the Fourth Brigade, Colonel Wolf and Colonel Babcock 
 issued personal appeals for recruits. The appeals were issued on June 27th, the morning follow- 
 ing the departure of Troop I. General Wilson said: "It is disappointing that Buffalo has not 
 given us more men. In fact, the whole country has shown slowness to respond, but there is a 
 contrast between Buffalo and the smaller towns in this brigade district. The Third moves out 
 to-night with a regiment practically at war strength. Many companies have more than war 
 strength and many men are listed in class A of the depot company. 
 
 "For the week ending June 17th the two Buffalo regiments had approximately 750 officers 
 and men each and needed, in round figures, about 1,950 men each. That would show that they 
 still have to enlist about 2,400 men to complete the two regiments. 
 
 "To-day the Buffalo regiments have, in round figures, about 1,000 men apiece. They have 
 raised few more than 500 men between them. We greatly appreciate efforts that have been put 
 forward by officers and public-spirited citizens, but the result has been only about one-fifth of 
 what we started out to accomplish." 
 
 The appeals of the regimental officers, the spirit engendered by the preparedness parade and 
 the excitement attendant upon the departure of Troop I all tended to a further upbuilding of the 
 two regiments. Throughout that week there was a splendid improvement. At the height of the 
 campaign, and in the midst of the enthusiasm over preparations for departure, an order came 
 from Albany relieving Colonel Babcock from command of the 65th and Colonel Wolf from the 
 command of the 74th. Immediately the two regiments were pitched into a gloom from which 
 they were slow in emerging. It would be of little material value to recount here the charges and 
 counter charges which went back and forth over this order. It was a keen disappointment to 
 the members of both regiments. The new commanders were not residents of Buffalo. Whether 
 justly or not it was assumed that official favoritism was responsible for their presence. The 
 enlisted men proved good soldiers, however, and, when the orders came for their departure, they 
 accepted the new conditions with good heart, marching away with a determination to do their 
 bit faithfully and fully. Colonel N. B. Thurston, who was given command of the 74th Regiment, 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 45 
 
 died at McAllen, Texas, on January 15th, 1917. Colonel Daniel W. Hand of the Regular Army- 
 succeeded to the command of the 65th Regiment. He remained with the regiment through the 
 border campaign and for a short time after the return from the border. Orders having been 
 issued to transform the 65th into an artillery regiment, the Hasten Street men as they were 
 known, were mobilized on the 19th of June and left Buffalo on June 28th. They arrived at 
 Camp Whitman, Peekskill, N. Y., the following day. On July 10th they were changed into a field 
 artillery unit, but were not mustered into the Federal service until August 5th, and did not leave 
 Camp Whitman for the border until early in October. While in Texas the regiment was sta- 
 tioned at McAllen. The 74th received entrainment orders from Major General Wood on July 
 4th. The regiment had been Federalized on July 1st and left Buffalo for Pharr, Texas, on July 
 5th, being moved to McAllen on January 12th, 1917. 
 
 Buffalo National Guardsmen Training for Service 
 
 The Mexican campaign was neither exciting nor exacting. The camp was situated badly 
 and the men endured much bad weather and general discomfort, but they took it without com- 
 plaint. Strenuous drilling and severity of discipline that winter returned the regiment to Buffalo 
 a body of regulars, which later were used as shock troops in France. Before the end of the year 
 it was apparent that the government would not need an army for the Mexican task, as the Mexi- 
 cans themselves were inclined to return to peaceful relations with this country, though German 
 intriguers were still at work on both sides of the Rio Grande. 
 
46 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER X 
 GERMANY'S FIRST PEACE PROPOSAL 
 
 EARLY in January, 1916, criticism — mild criticism some may say — was aimed at President 
 Wilson for his failure to do more than merely parley with the German government. Theo- 
 dore Roosevelt, former President, at least was rather sharp in his censures of the Presi- 
 dent's policy, but, while that agitation tended to a growth of the war spirit in some sections of 
 the Nation, there was still no widespread desire to take part in the conflict abroad. The tradi- 
 tion of non-interference in the political affairs of Europe was too deeply rooted in our national 
 life to be easily overthrown. The first consideration, we were told, which stiffened the govern- 
 ment in its efforts to remain neutral was the traditional sense of responsibility toward all the 
 republics to the south of us. The American government was constantly in touch with the coun- 
 tries of Central and South America. They, too, we were told, preferred the ways of peace. The 
 authorities in Washington felt a very obvious obligation to safeguard the interests of those coun- 
 tries with our own. The second consideration, often developed in the President's speeches, was 
 the hope and expectation that by keeping aloof from the entanglements and bitter passions of 
 the involved nations we might be free at the end of the war to tender our good offices and bind 
 up the wounds of the conflict. 
 
 It was becoming daily more evident, however, that the German government was not keeping 
 faith in its promised submarine policy, and its aggressiveness and indifference to the rights of our 
 citizens must have convinced the President that if we were to continue to remain neutral even 
 in this war some further steps must be taken. Accordingly, he began the preparation of a note 
 to be addressed to the warring nations asking them to define their war purposes and aims. 
 
 Before that note was despatched the first German peace offer was promulgated. That move 
 came as a surprise. Germany had met with defeat at the Marne in the early stages of its invasion 
 of France, but the decisiveness of the military sequel, as seen in the retrospect of that December 
 moment, was open to question. At the time of its peace offering Germany was in rather a strong 
 position.* The note was despatched on December 12th and brought a somewhat prevalent belief 
 that the looked-for conclusion of wasteful and cruel and unnecessary war had perhaps arrived. 
 But underlying the proffer was further evidence of German trickery and deceit. It viewed the 
 struggle as a "catastrophe," and an injury to the "most precious achievements of humanity," 
 but it also carried the conviction that the peace terms must be such as would build up a great 
 Central Empire under German domination. 
 
 It was reported that unofficial word came to Washington that unless the neutrals used their 
 influence to bring the war to an end on terms satisfactory to Berlin, Germany would consider 
 herself and her allies free to make such warfare as she chose without respect to the rights of 
 
 *The first official proposal for peace came from Germany, at the close of the year 1916, at a time when, in Germany's eyes, victory for her army 
 was already at hand. In the west the Allies had no more than held the German line; while in the east the Central Powers had gained the aid of 
 Turkey and Bulgaria, had overrun Poland, Serbia, Roumania, and had inflicted serious reverses upon the British in Mesopotamia. The Italians 
 were advancing towards Trieste, and the sea was cleared of German merchant ships; but during the first two years then closing, the fortunes of 
 war were decidedly with Germany and her allies. Under these circumstances the German Government offered to discuss peace, confident that 
 if the Allies accepted the offer she could get what she wanted, while if they refused it, it could be made to appear that they were responsible for 
 prolonging the conflict. 
 
 The offer was contained in a note dated December 12, 1916, and forwarded to the belligerents through the neutral powers, Spain, Switzerland, 
 and the United States. The essential paragraph of the note is the following: 
 
 Our aims are not to shatter nor annihilate our adversaries. In spite of our consciousness of our military and economic strength 
 and our readiness to continue the war (which has been forced upon us) to the bitter end, if necessary; at the same time, prompted by 
 the desire to avoid further bloodshed and make an end of the atrocities of war, the four allied (Central) Powers propose to enter forth- 
 with into peace negotiations. 
 In the note which the German Government sent at the same time to the Pope, its aims were expressed as follows: 
 
 Germany is carrying on a war of defense against her enemies, which aim at her destruction. She fights to assure the integrity of 
 her frontiers and the liberty of the German nation, for the right which she claims to develop freely her intellectual and economic 
 energies in peaceable competition and on an equal footing with other nations. 
 Such an offer, clearly could have been made only by those who felt that they had the upper hand. It was not an offer of terms, but an offer 
 to stop the war on condition that the Allies should signify a willingness to accept such terms as Germany might propose. For the Entente to have 
 accepted the offer of a peace conference under the circumstances would have been equivalent to an "unconditional surrender" to Ger- 
 many. 
 
 The formal reply to the German offer was contained in a joint note of all the Allied Governments, December :30, 1916. The -Allies refused to 
 consider "a proposal which is empty and insincere." — War Bureau Committee. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 47 
 
 neutral or non-belligerent nations. It became apparent that Germany's purpose was to unleash 
 her submarines, and it is evident that the whole peace movement was conceived with the idea 
 that it would be refused and thus give to the German government an excuse before its own people 
 to justify open submarine warfare on the ships and citizens of the United States. It is difficult 
 to conceive of any other purpose in the peace proposal. Germany at that moment was at the 
 height of her military power and knew her advantage. 
 
 It was at this stage that President Wilson addressed a note to the belligerent nations. The 
 note was dated December 18, 1916 — that is to say, six days after the German proposal for a peace' 
 conference was issued; but the note had been written, or at least determined upon, before that 
 date, and the President was careful to say that his action was in no way associated with the over- 
 tures of the Central Powers. In his note the President pointed out that each side professed to 
 be fighting a defensive war; each side professed to be the champion of small nations; each side 
 professed to be "ready to consider the formation of a League of nations to ensure peace and justice 
 throughout the world." 
 
 Thus the objects for which both sides were fighting, "stated in general terms * * * seem tO' 
 be the same." The President felt justified therefore in asking the belligerent powers if it would 
 not be possible for them to avow the "precise objects which would, if attained, satisfy them and 
 their people." The President felt justified in making this request, because the United States- 
 was "as vitally and directly interested as the governments now at war" in the "measures to be 
 taken to secure the future peace of the world." 
 
 This note had a double significance. It assumed that something more was necessary for as- 
 suring "the future peace of the world" than the mere negotiation of particular peace treaties be- 
 tween belligerents; and it asserted that in this larger question the United States would have 
 something to say. The note amounted to saying that the war ought to result, not merely in 
 the establishment of a satisfactory peace between the belligerents, but in the establishment of 
 a new international order in which all nations would take part. 
 
 The President on December 18th despatched his note to the belligerent countries asking for 
 their war aims, and the year closed with the Republic very near to war with Germany and the 
 people wholly unaware of the fact. The German peace note had created a new somnolence. We 
 still believed that even a declaration of war could not take us into war; that in its gravest aspect 
 our utmost function as a belligerent would be in despatching food and ammunition to the Allies^ 
 
48 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER XI 
 MAYOR'S AMERICANIZATION COMMITTEE AT WORK 
 
 Iaunching the preparedness movement in this city, as in other American cities, had been 
 . no easy task. In some cities, notably Chicago, the effort had wholly failed. People were 
 -^ not afraid of war, because they could not conceive how war was to come to them. They 
 laughed at war's alarm. They smiled when public speakers talked of war. The only reason 
 they gave ear to preparedness orators was the good old American practice of trying everything 
 once. Here and there, however, the thought took root. Interested men, at various times 
 throughout the year of 1916, advanced propositions looking to better preparation for national 
 defense in the event of war. The preparedness parade, referred to in a preceding chapter, was 
 of that sort, but the Mexican intervention absorbed all the effect of those movements, and what 
 had been conceived as a general awakening of the people to the possibility of war with a European 
 belligerent went with the national guard to the border. 
 
 As the Mexican situation began to straighten itself out, and the soldiers once more faced to- 
 wards home, the masses, content with our military display, were inclined to dismiss from their 
 thoughts all consideration of preparedness plans and return again to their usual peaceful pursuits. 
 That practice, however, they were not long to follow; for the activity of the German submarines 
 on the ocean highways, the constant German aggressions against the rights of neutral nations, 
 and the continual agitation on the part of a small body of patriotic Americans, like a hundred 
 Paul Reveres dashing along with lantern and cry, succeeded in holding the country, against its 
 own wish, to the urgent need for better national defense. 
 
 The establishment of the National Security League was followed by the organization of the 
 National Conference of Mayors, the Conference of Constructive Patriotism, The American De- 
 fense Society, an organization for the promotion of Americanism in factory and school, and, per- 
 haps, many others. Branches of those mentioned were established here, and Buffalo was listed 
 among the foremost cities of the country in patriotic endeavor; in fact, the earnestness of the men 
 of Mr. Hollister's committee and of the municipal government in promoting patriotic enterprises, 
 attracted national attention. Our militia regiments went to the Border undermanned, but that 
 was true of nearly every regiment everywhere in the Union. We were in step with the men who 
 were trying to arouse the country to a realization of its needs. 
 
 On February 9, 1916, Mayor Fuhrmann received a letter from Mayor John Purroy Mitchel of 
 New York* enlisting his co-operation and inviting him to attend a conference on National 
 defense in St. Louis, on March 3d and 4th. Mayor Fuhrmann and Mr. Hollister attended the 
 Conference, and returned more determined than ever to press their preparedness efforts at 
 home. 
 
 Plans for the organization of a system of military training in the high schools were submitted 
 by Bayard Martin ; proposals for a vigilance corps, and many other suggestions of a like nature, 
 were presented to the city authorities. 
 
 These matters were discussed by the Council, but it appeared to be the opinion of the local 
 officials that if preparation of that sort was needed it would necessarily require a broader scope. 
 
 *Dear Mr. Mayor: New York, February 8th, 1916. 
 
 As a nation we are not adequately prepared for successful defense in case of attack. 
 
 To assist in expressing the sentiment of the Country in favor of national defense, the undersigned are calling a meeting of the Mayors and the 
 Mayors' National Defense Committees of the cities of the United States to meet in Conference in St. Louis on March 3 and 4, 1916. 
 
 We ask your co-operation in this movement. If you have not done so, we suggest that you appoint a National Defense Committee of Citizens 
 to take prompt action in this vital question, and that you urge such committee as far as possible to attend the St. Louis Conference. 
 
 Our foreign policies are only as strong as our ability to enforce them. Our security is only as strong as our defenses are strong. The better 
 able we are to defend ourselves, the less liable we are to be called upon to do so. Therefore, let us perfect our defenses and thus preserve and per- 
 petuate our free institutions, our liberties and our national life. 
 
 Yours very truly. 
 
 John Purroy Mitchel, Mayor of Xew York; 
 Henry W. Kie, Mayor of St. Louis; 
 James G. Woodward, Mayor of Atlanta, Ga.; 
 James M. Curley, Mayor of Boston. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 49 
 
 covering all those physically able and eligible for service. As a matter of fact there was no popular 
 demand for anything of the kind, and the Council was not prepared to commit the city to military 
 training until such time as the need became evident. No one in the Council, and but few out 
 of it, believed that such a time would ever arrive. 
 
 The Americanization project which came before the city that year received more serious atten- 
 tion than the others, and towards the end of the year several pamphlets were issued under city 
 financing for educational purposes. The co-operation of the teachers in the public and parochial 
 schools was obtained. Much of the educational work, however, was performed by the Civic 
 Education Association, and the brochures on citizenship and the need for Americanization issued 
 by that organization were instructive, and were widely read. In co-operation with the Civic 
 Education Association, and to carry on the work generally throughout the city. Mayor Fuhr- 
 mann appointed a committee of fifty on Americanization, and issued a proclamation* announcing 
 the personnel of the committee. The Americanization plan was largely a local effort. Detroit 
 and some other cities worked energetically, as did Buffalo, to achieve lasting results, and un- 
 doubtedly much good was accomplished. The need for that work became apparent very soon 
 thereafter, but at the time it was proposed it was looked upon as a hobby for those who had noth- 
 ing of a serious nature to occupy their time. There is probably no way of determining what 
 each of these movements accomplished singly or collectively. Surely they were not wholly un- 
 shod of value. At least they were educative. A finely drawn dial recording the variations in 
 the public mind from the beginning of the year would be needed to enable us to note the changes 
 at the end. We were drifting toward the European war but we were still unconscious of the fact. 
 
 *Whereas, never before in the history of the world has it meant more to be an American citizen than it- means to-day; and 
 Whereas, in our own city of Buffalo, we have more than a hundred thousand persons of foreign birth who seek to work and live with us, shar- 
 ing our responsibilities and privileges, but are handicapped through ignorance of our language — thirty thousand being totally without knowledge 
 of it — and being thus prevented from full assimilation, 
 
 Therefore, I, Louis P. Fuhrmann, Mayor of the City of Buffalo, do hereby ask all citizens, both native and foreign, to give serious attention 
 to this important city problem and co-operate to the best of their power with all existing educational authorities to make Buffalo an English-speak- 
 ing city, and to this end, following the action of other progressive American cities, I appoint the following citizens to constitute a Committee of 
 Fifty on Americanization: 
 
 Mrs. Henry Altman, President of Buffalo City Federation of Woman's Clubs: Frank B. Baird, President of the Chamber of Commerce; Har- 
 old J. Balliett, Secretary of the Department of Public Works; E. J. Barcalo, President of the Barcalo Manufacturing Co.; William H. Barr, 
 President of the Manufacturers' Association: Joseph Bellanca, President of the Italian-American Business Men; Mrs. Frank H. Bliss, Vice- 
 President of the Civic Education Association; Walter L. Brown, Librarian of the Buffalo Public Library; Mrs. Walter P. Cooke, President of 
 the Twentieth Century Club; Prank A. Coupal, President of the Rotary Club; Rt. Rev. D. Dougherty, Bishop of the Diocese of Buffalo; H. P 
 Emerson, Superintendent of Education; Mrs. John Knox Freeman, Director of the Civic Education Association; Dr. F. E. Fronczak, Health 
 Commissioner of Buffalo; Robert W. Gallagher, President of the Greater Buffalo Club; W. P. Goodspeed, President of the Ad Club; Stuart A. 
 Hayward, President of the Central Labor Council; Charles M. Heald, Commissioner of Public Affairs; Frank Henry, Manager of the Washburn- 
 Crosby Co.; William H. Hill, Treasurer of the Crosby Co.; Evan Hollister, President of the Buffalo Security League; Mrs. John Miller Horton, 
 Regent, Buffalo Chapter D. A. R.; Henry R. Howland, President of the Society of Mayflower Descendants; Arthur W. Hurd, M. D., President 
 of the Sons of the American Revolution; Arnold E. Jenny, Director of the Y. M. C. A. English to Foreigners Work; Daniel J. Kenefick, Chair- 
 man of the Board of Education; L. N. Kilman, United States Naturalization Examiner; Louis J. Kopald, Rabbi of the Temple of Beth Zion: 
 Mrs. Josephine Kudlicka, Librarian of the Dom Polski Library; Horace O. Lanza, Attorney; Louis W. Marcus, Justice of the Supreme Court: 
 Miss Martha Mazurowska, Department Principal of No. 7 School; H. A. Meldrum. Chairman of Chamber of Commerce Education Committee; 
 W. A. Morgan, President of the Buffalo Copper & Brass Rolling Mill; Adelbert Moot, Attorney, Member of the State Board of Regents; George 
 B. Montgomery, President of the Civic Education Committee; Henry D. Miles, President of the Buffalo Foundry & Machine Co.; Charles P. 
 Norton, Chancellor of the University of Buffalo; Gustave Ohlin, Immigration Inspector; Richard O'Keete, General Secretary of the Chamber of 
 Commerce; Frank Olszanowski, President of the Dom Polski Association; Alexander Osborn, Chairman of the Ad Club Americanization Com- 
 mittee; Rev. Alexander Pitass, St. Stanislaus Parochial School; Edwin A. Rumball, General Secretary of the Civic Education Association; Frank 
 H. Severance, Secretary of the Buffalo Historical Society; George A. Smith, Supervisor of Educational Extension Work; Rev. Angelo Strazzioni, 
 St. Anthony of Padua Parochial School; Harry L. Taylor, Justice of the Supreme Court; Rev. T. J. Walsh, Chancellor of the Diocese of Buffalo. 
 
50 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Returning from the Mexican Border 
 
 Troop I 74th Infantry 
 
 3d Artillery 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 51 
 
 CHAPTER XII 
 
 CITY WELCOMES RETURNING SOLDIERS 
 
 A FTER two months in the mud at Pharr and McAllen the national guardsmen of the several 
 l\ States were ready to return home. It had become evident by that time they were not to 
 ■^ -^ go into action, and the men lost interest in the task to which they had been assigned. 
 The Administration had no desire to keep them on the border longer than actual need required, 
 and, early in December, some of the troops moved homeward. Buffalo wanted her sons back 
 just as quickly as any other locality, and the pressure to secure an early demobilization of the 
 Buffalo guardsmen was soon felt. That desire was expressed in newspaper interviews and edi- 
 torials; in letters to public officials, and, finally, in resolutions which made their appearance in 
 the Council minutes. On December 7th Mayor Fuhrmann directed a letter to the War Depart- 
 ment at Washington urging the return of the Buffalo regiments. On December 12th he appointed 
 "a committee to prepare a proper welcome for the soldiers now in Texas on their return to 
 Buffalo." The personnel of the committee was as follows: 
 
 Louis P. Fuhrmann, General Chairman; William A. Morgan, Chairman, Reception Committee; Dr. Walter 
 S. GoODALE, Chairman, Executive Committee; Samuel B. Botsford, Chairman, Banquet Committee; Hans 
 Schmidt, Chairman, Music Committee; Albert B. Wright, Chairman, Hall Committee, including Interior Deco- 
 rations; Richard C. O'Keefe, Chairman, Committee of Street Decorations; Norman A. MacDonald, Chairman 
 Finance Committee; Brigadier-General S. M. Welch, Chairman, Committee on Military; Mrs. Edward A. Eisele, 
 Chairman, Women's Committee; Henry G. Anderson, Chairman, Auditing Committee. 
 
 In the meantime information was brought to the city that an effort would be made to divide 
 the forces of the Third Artillery (the old 65th Infantry) and that but a portion of the regiment 
 would be returned to Buffalo. In view of the manner in which the local commanders had been 
 relieved of their commands and out-of-town officers substituted on the eve of the departure of 
 the regiments, the rumor was given very general credence. Newspapers and public officials- 
 gave expression to an aroused public sentiment, and a resolution presented to the Council oni 
 December 13th, 1916, by Commissioner Charles M. Heald, calling on the Federal Government 
 to return the regiment intact, was unanimously adopted. 
 
 The City of Buffalo probably has contributed more soldiers for the defense of our southern border in response to the call of the President than 
 any other city in the country in proportion. All our citizens are justly proud of the three splendid military organizations, representing three 
 branches of the service, which are now on the border. The Seventy-fourth, the Third Artillery and Troop I, we believe, are unexcelled in their 
 respective fields. 
 
 We may reasonably expect that these men who have upheld the honor of their country and their city will soon be returning home. It is fitting 
 that the citizens of Buffalo be prepared to show their appreciation of the service of these three splendid organizations. 
 
 It is also important that the Third Artillery Regiment be returned intact to Buffalo after its present term of service in the field. This regiment 
 has one million dollars' worth of the latest and best ordnance equipment in the United States. It is said to be the latest word in heavy field artil- 
 lery. It appears that efforts are being made by other sections of the country to have part of this great regiment taken from Buffalo and sent 
 elsewhere. Buffalo must prevent any such action. This regiment was made an efficient fighting machine by the manhood of Buffalo. The mem- 
 bers of this regiment are entitled by their service to have this organization with all its equipment maintained in Buffalo after their return. The 
 citizens of Buffalo are also entitled to this at the hands of the nation. 
 
 I, therefore, recommend the adoption of two resolutions, as follows: 
 
 That the Council of the City of Buffalo hereby calls upon all citizens to unite in demanding that the Third New York Field Artillery be 
 brought intact to Buffalo after its duty on the border has been performed and that the regiment, with all its equipment, be maintained in this city- 
 and that the City Clerk be directed to send a copy of these resolutions to all of our representatives in the national and state legislatures. 
 
 Charles M. Heald, Comr. of Public Affairs. 
 
 In recognition of the city's demand no attempt, if contemplated, was made to divide the regi- 
 ment. 
 
 On January 22d, 1917, the Council directed another communication sent to the Secretary of 
 War, again urging the return of the Buffalo regiments. The request had scarcely reached the 
 War Department when orders were issued by Brigadier General Parker of the Southern Depart- 
 ment for the return of the 74th Regiment. Troop I and the 3d Artillery had been compelled, 
 however, to remain, all of which was explained in a letter from Adjutant General Cruikshank 
 presented to the Council on the following day: 
 
52 Buffalo's Pakt in the World War 
 
 Dear Sir: 
 
 I beg to advise you that the Commanding General, Southern Department, has recently designated for return home, for muster out, the 74th 
 Infantry, National Guard of New York, which will, however, leave on the border the 1st Cavalry and the 3d Field Artillery. With respect to the 
 last mentioned organization, it may be stated that it did not arrive on the border until October 10, 1916. and that there are a number of organiza- 
 tions of the National Guard which preceded the 3d Field Artillery to the border, which are still there and not under orders to return. 
 
 The matter of returning National Guard organizations is in the hands of the Commanding General, Southern Department, who has full respon- 
 sibility for the conduct of military affairs on the Mexican border and who, in the selection of organizations to be returned is being guided by 
 tactical and other reasons apparent to him alone, and over which the War Department cannot wisely undertake to exercise control. 
 
 The Department regrets, in view of the circumstances as set forth above, that it cannot be stated, at this time, with any degree of certainty, 
 when the 1st Cavalry and the 3d Field Artillery, National Guard of New York, can be returned to their home stations for muster out. 
 
 It was late in February before the 74th Regiment reached Buffalo. The reception committee 
 had planned a splendid welcome and the men marched through cheering thousands to the Con- 
 necticut Street Armory. They were greeted there by Governor Charles S. Whitman, Mayor 
 Fuhrmann, Commissioners Heald, Hill, Kreinheder and Malone, William A. Morgan, Dr. W^alter 
 S. Goodale and other members of the reception committee. The Rev. William A. Sunday, a 
 distinguished evangelist, then conducting services in Buffalo, left his tabernacle early in order to 
 join in the city's ovation to her returning troops. Brief speeches were delivered by the Governor, 
 by the Mayor and by Rev. Mr. Sunday, but their words scarcely reached the soldiers, for mothers, 
 sisters and sweethearts had crowded the armory floor and the boys were receiving the real heart- 
 felt welcome which only loved ones can give. After a luncheon in the officers' quarters the guests 
 dispersed, and the regiment was formally mustered out of Federal service on February 24th. 
 
 The Third Artillery and Troop I arrived in Buffalo on March 11 and 12. The first train sec- 
 tion, bringing a part of the artillery, reached the city on Sunday morning at 10 A. M.; another 
 section arrived in the afternoon, and two others about midnight. The train carrying the mem- 
 bers of Troop I arrived at 2.35 A. M. on Monday morning March 12. Governor Whitman came 
 to Buffalo to greet these returning soldiers, as he had the members of the 74th Regiment. A 
 parade was arranged to escort the men to their respective armories. It required some time to 
 unload the heavy apparatus, and on Monday afternoon the streets were again crowded with a 
 happy throng of Buffalonians bidding the boys a hearty welcome home. Governor Whitman 
 and Commissioner Malone extended the official words of greeting. Colonel Hand for the 3d 
 Artillery, and Captain William J. Donovan, who had returned from Europe to take command 
 of his troopers on the border, responded for their respective commands. 
 
 The homecomings were not, however, invested with any of the enthusiasm of permanence. 
 The vicious submarine warfare begun by Germany had already made certain hostile relations 
 with this country, and the returning soldiers were looking longingly toward the seaboard. They 
 had smelled the smoke of powder and were eager for action. Of course, no one anticipated 
 mobilization for foreign service; the men were to be mustered out. Even war on Germany, it 
 was assumed, would not entail anything further than a more effective system of home defense. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 53 
 
 CHAPTER XIII 
 ALLIES DECLINE PEACE TERMS 
 
 ON January 1st, 1917, the agitation in favor of an early return of the local troops from the 
 border was still intense and absorbed public interest. Affairs at Washington were rapidly 
 taking on a grave aspect and Buffalo was not wholly unmindful of the turn in events. 
 Germany's peace proposal of December was intensely autocratic, but Germany had established 
 a military supremacy on all the battle fronts of Europe and, accordingly, to the uninterested 
 throng of Buffalonians, like other Americans, who looked on with no more concern than the bet- 
 less spectator at a horse race, Germany's peace proposal did not seem extraordinarily exacting. 
 
 The German peace note did not, however, carry the tone of a nation fighting a battle of defense, 
 but rather of a nation which had already assumed the role of a conqueror. The proposal was a 
 peace move calculated to set up a central empire to dominate first, Europe, and then whatever 
 else without limit its powerful position might enable it to control. Also, the manifesto extended 
 an invitation to any of Germany's enemies, who wished to accept a separate peace, so that the 
 Imperial Government might the more easily crush its remaining enemies, and then take peaceful 
 possession of the supplicant at its own good pleasure. 
 
 While the German military machine succeeded, German diplomacy failed. The Allies declined 
 the peace proposal. Naturally and inevitably they were compelled to that decision; better a 
 complete military reversal and annihilation than peace of the kind offered. But the German 
 device was not viewed by all in the same light. To many it carried the conviction that Germany 
 was seeking a settlement on terms not more exacting than her military successes up to that time 
 entitled her to ask. Germany's method of conducting the war; her vicious treatment of the 
 citizens of the countries through which her armies passed, outraged the American sense of de- 
 cency, and, while our national position was still a matter of debate among the American people, 
 the majority were swinging strongly against Germany. President Wilson's reply to the peace 
 note met the approval of the Nation. It was not so strong as some wished it, nor did it carry 
 all the promise that France and England had hoped it would. He answered Germany with a 
 counter proposal, and in his answer, for the first time, the proposition of a League of Nations was 
 given definite form and official recognition. 
 
 Germany had not been placing a false hope on the successful outcome of the negotiations. 
 Her's was not a sincere peace initiative, though a portion of the public accepted it as such. Her 
 ostensible determination to curb U-boat activities, apparently in answer to the American demand 
 that the ruthless warfare of the ocean cease, was a determination of necessity adopted until such 
 time as the Imperial Government believed itself equipped to control all operation on the ocean 
 highways. 
 
 That moment was close at hand when she submitted her autocratic peace scheme. Knowl- 
 edge of these facts had not reached the people of this city, nor of this country, when the New Year 
 dawned, but such knowledge had already stirred official Washington and had greatly disturbed 
 the leaders of the Allies in London and in Paris. 
 
 The insincerity of Germany in her peace suggestion and in her letters to this government, while 
 widely suspected, was not completely established until late in March. Count Von Bernstorff, 
 the German Ambassador to the United States, protested at Washington the earnest desire of 
 his government to retain the friendship of the American people, and yet, at the same time, was 
 in communication with the German foreign office in furtherance of innumerable intrigues cal- 
 culated to injure this nation. German propagandists, spies and plotters were thick in all sec- 
 tions of the country. Munition plants, here and there, were destroyed, presumably by German 
 agents. It was subsequently established that on January 16th Count Von Bernstorff received 
 secret orders to have all German ships, interned in this country, dismantled and their machinery 
 
54 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 ruined. That work was quietly planned to be carried out on a given signal. On January 19th 
 the infamous letter* from Secretary Zimmermann, of the Portfolio of Foreign Affairs for the Impe- 
 rial Government, was transmitted by Count Von Bernstorff to Minister Von Eckhert in Mexico. 
 
 Germany's attempt to unite Mexico and Japan against the United States had been carried on 
 while the Administration at Washington was going to extremes in an endeavor to avoid an armed 
 clash with the forces of the Kaiser. President Wilson, accepting Germany's protestations of a 
 desire for continued friendship with this country, endured flagrant violations of American rights 
 on the sea, and breaches of neutrality on American soil. Official Washington endured them. 
 They were resented by some, to be sure, but the masses were not for war at that time and sought 
 to avoid it as long as it could be honorably avoided. Germany had her subtle intrigues carefully 
 concealed, and, while Washington had worked earnestly to compel a peaceful recognition of Amer- 
 ican rights and the protection of American interests, Germany had numbered the United States 
 among her enemies from the start and was making provision to dwarf American efforts. 
 
 The final German affront to this country came on the last day of January, 1917. On that day 
 Count Von Bernstorff handed to Secretary of State Lansing a note in which the German Govern- 
 ment announced its purpose to intensify and render more ruthless the operations of its submarines. 
 The German Chancellor stated before the Imperial Diet at that time that the reason this unre- 
 stricted policy had not been earlier employed was simply because the Imperial Government had 
 not been ready to act before; in other words, the delay was not out of respect to the protestations 
 of the United States, as Germany had previously stated in its official communications, but by 
 virtue of necessity. On February 3d, Secretary Lansing handed Count Von Bernstorff his pass- 
 ports, and, on the same day the President addressed both Houses of Congress and announced 
 the complete severance of diplomatic relations with Germany. At the same time he stated he 
 did not regard the act as tantamount to a declaration of war. 
 
 "We are the sincere friends of the German people," he said, "and earnestly desire to remain at peace 
 with the Government which speaks for them. God grant that we may not be challenged by acts of wilful 
 injustice on the part of the Government of Germany." 
 
 Berlin, January 19, 1917. 
 
 *"On the first of February we intend to begin submarine warfare unrestricted. In spite of this, it is our intention to endeavor to keep neutral 
 the United States of America. 
 
 "If this attempt is not successful, we propose an alliance on the following basis with Mexico: That we shall make war together and together 
 make peace. We shall give general financial support, and it is understood that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas 
 and Arizona. The details are left to you for settlement. 
 
 "You are instructed to inform the President of Mexico of the above in the greatest confidence as soon as it is certain that there will be an out- 
 break of war with the United States and suggest that the President of Mexico, on his own initiative, should communicate with Japan suggesting 
 adherence at once to this plan; at the same time offer to mediate between Germany and Japan. 
 
 "Please call to the attention of the President of Mexico that the employment of ruthless submarine warfare now promises to compel England to 
 make peace in a few months." 
 
 (Signed) Zimmermann. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 55 
 
 CHAPTER XIV 
 
 CHAMBER OF COMMERCE URGES ARMED GUARDS 
 FOR LOCAL PLANTS 
 
 ON the last day of February, 1917, while Buffalonians were celebrating the return of the 
 troops from the border, a copy of the Zimmermann note to Mexico was made public. It 
 stirred this city as it did Congress and the rest of the country. Action was demanded. 
 President Wilson no longer held out hope that the United States could continue as the nation 
 seeking to hold an even balance of judgment between disputants. And as much as the people 
 had hoped to keep out of the fray they exhibited no little relief to be free from that reserve which 
 is expected of a judge. On March 12th the order was issued to place armed guards on the Amer- 
 ican merchant ships, and the country rapidly drifted toward a declaration of war. A special 
 session of Congress, called by the President for April 16th, was shortly afterwards advanced to 
 April 2d. Through all this agitation it never really became apparent to the people generally 
 that a declaration of war would mean any serious sacrifice or the sending of troops out of the 
 country. 
 
 Buffalo's first realization that the war would reach into this city came about when the directors 
 of the Chamber of Commerce were quietly called in special session with the City Council on Friday 
 evening, March 23d, 1917. Councilmen Heald, Hill, Kreinheder and Malone attended. Mayor 
 Fuhrmann, though invited, did not attend. He expressed a belief that the directors of the 
 Chamber were unduly excited. The purpose of the meeting was to take all necessary steps to- 
 ward guarding elevators, water and light plants, and other valuable properties, particularly 
 the munition plants and industries supplying war material to the Allies. The excitement around 
 
 ■ ,,v->^S5s^'^^:-J5?!5^;'^.-s 
 
 
 Members of 74th Regiment Guarding Railroad Bridges 
 
56 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 the Chamber of Commerce Building that night was intense, but the Mayor was not moved by 
 the action taken there and endeavored to cool off the situation. He declined to wire the Governor 
 for military assistance, and he subsequently declined to go to Albany to see the Governor on that 
 sort of a mission. Commissioner Hill disagreed with the Mayor as to the necessity for immediate 
 measures, and early Saturday morning started for the State Capitol to obtain an interview with 
 Governor Whitman. Commissioner Hill urged the Governor to mobilize the 74th Regiment 
 and throw a guard around the Buffalo water works pumping stations and the elevators. Mayor 
 Fuhrmann contended that the guard of policemen then at those points furnished sufficient pro- 
 tection ; that no German sympathizers had been active here, basing that statement on the reports 
 from John Martin, Chief of Police. He cautioned the people not to become wrought up or dis- 
 turbed in their daily occupations. News of the meeting was made public on Saturday, March 24th. 
 
 Rumors spread about the city rapidly on Sunday. Most of these, purporting to tell of attempts 
 to blow up the water works and the electric plant on the River Road, and of other desperate 
 plots, were unconfirmed and probably baseless. 
 
 The excitement, however, necessitated some official recognition, and on Monday morning, 
 March 26th, a conference was held in the office of Mayor Fuhrmann. That consultation, attended 
 by Police Chief Martin, Major Arthur Kemp and Captain Ralph K. Robertson of the 74th Regi- 
 ment; A. A. Landon, president of the Chamber of Commerce; W. R. Huntley, president of the 
 Buffalo General Electric Company; Arthur W. Kreinheder, Sheriff Edward Stengel, George C. 
 Lehmann and Corporation Counsel William S. Rann settled most of the rumors. At the con- 
 clusion of the conference Mayor Fuhrmann issued the following statement: 
 
 "In view of the international complications and the need of reckoning with the local situation, I called 
 a conference this morning at my office. 
 
 "At this conference we went into careful details concerning all the precautionary measures which 
 have been taken and which might still be taken to insure the best possible protection for public and 
 quasi-public works. Consideration was also given to possibility of enlisting the services of the State 
 militia for guard duty. 
 
 "After a thorough discussion we reached the conclusion that the precautions already taken with 
 reference to the protection of public municipal works are ample. It was decided to increase the guard 
 at the electric power plant on the River Road, and this task has been assigned to Sheriff Stengel." 
 
 Excitement about the City Hall was somewhat allayed by that action, and the business organi- 
 zations took matters a bit easier. Out of the turmoil, however, was organized the Niagara De- 
 fense League, whose activities during the war period were both extensive and commendable. 
 At the regimental headquarters, however, from the date of the Zimmermann intrigue exposure 
 the earnestness of preparations was marked. On March 10th Governor Whitman signed the 
 appointment of Major Kemp as Colonel of the 74th, succeeding Colonel Thurston who had died 
 on the border. Shortly thereafter Colonel Manus M'Closkey, who subsequently fought with 
 the Second Division at Belleau Wood, and Captain J. K. Parkins, U. S. A., arrived to muster 
 the 74th men back into the Federal service. Recruiting stations were established at various 
 points down town and the city passed through another intense recruiting campaign. Enlistments 
 came more rapidly than when called for in connection with service on the border. General 
 gossip had it that the Regular Army and possibly those in the National Guard would be called 
 into service. Very few expected, even though war should be declared by Congress, any guards- 
 men to be sent out of this country. On March 12th a meeting in Troop I headquarters in the 
 Delavan Avenue Armory was held to organize an officers' reserve corps from among the members 
 of the Buffalo-Plattsburg Association. The President's call for 87,000 men to fill the needs of the 
 Navy, and the establishment of naval and marine recruiting stations all added to the interest 
 occasioned by these preparations for defense. Speakers could be found on all the rostrums every- 
 where urging young men to join the colors, and from across the border came appeals from Cana- 
 dian officers to the Canadians living in this city to give a hand to their brothers "over there." 
 
 German submarines increased their piracies and merchant ships were sent to the bottom daily 
 with their crews and cargoes. Some of these were American ships, and, as the time set for the 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 57 
 
 City Officials Inspecting Waterfront Property 
 
 Mayor Fuhrmann and military men throw guard around Buffalo plants 
 
 meeting of Congress drew near, the fighting spirit of the people became thoroughly aroused. 
 Still, it was not expected that we would send troops across the ocean ; in fact, that thought had 
 scarcely entered the public mind. Millions of men for home defense? Yes! But the possi- 
 bility of a foreign expedition did not seem to be in the realm of actualities. The sentiment of 
 that moment in Buffalo may be taken from an editorial excerpt which appeared in the Buffalo 
 Commercial on March 22d, the day after President Wilson had decided the extra session of Con- 
 gress should meet on April 2d instead of April 16th as previously announced. The editorial: 
 
 " The things for the Government to do in this crisis are manifold. It must open the ports of the United States 
 to the warships of all the nations at war with Germany. Its vast credits in gold must be available to those who are 
 fighting for the same end as we are. We may also extend to them supplies of war in still greater abundance, although 
 there is reason to believe that the Allies have now a vast preponderance of war material. Our Navy must co-operate 
 vnth the navies of Great Britain, France and Italy in keeping the ocean lanes clear of enemy submarines. A universal 
 military service law must be passed, not in the expectation that the army will find an actual field for activity in the present 
 war, but as a precaution and a guaranty for the future." 
 
 Just about that time the Czar was dethroned and Russia became a Republic. From out of 
 the war one dynasty had tumbled, and, even though it was a friendly dynasty, the sentiment 
 began to crystallize that this conflict was not a mere war of kings in which we had, by right, only 
 a spectator's part. As the day of the extraordinary session of Congress drew near, President 
 Wilson prepared to go before that body and ask the Representatives of the Nation to declare 
 the existence of a State of War with the Imperial Government of Germany. 
 
58 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER XV 
 ELMWOOD MUSIC HALL MASS MEETING DECLARES FOR WAR 
 
 PORTENTS of war, multiplying through March, found a realization in April. Buffalo had 
 awaited with keen interest the President's message which was read in Congress on April 
 2d. It was generally anticipated that it would be a war message; most of the people, 
 though not anxious, were ready for a declaration of hostilities. The young men especially had 
 caught the enthusiasm of the hour, and the schools rang with patriotic songs and martial airs. 
 Promptly at 12 o'clock noon on April 2d, as Congress was called to order, upwards of 75,000 
 children and more than 3,000 teachers of the public and parochial schools assembled at their 
 respective schools for patriotic exercises in recognition of the gravity of the situation with which 
 Congress was about to deal. The program was simple. At exactly 12 o'clock the children sang 
 "The Star Spangled Banner." The song concluded, they joined in rousing cheers for the Presi- 
 dent, for George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Teddy Roosevelt, Mayor Fuhrmann, and every- 
 one else who in their minds typified the American Government or American institutions. Appro- 
 priate resolutions were adopted, and !:he ceremonies Scpncluded with the singing of "America" 
 and a salute to the flag. 
 
 In the closing days of March, Mayor Fuhrmann received a letter from the Mayors' Committee 
 of American Cities, the same that had been active in the preparedness movement, suggesting 
 that all cities agree upon April 5th as a day to be set apart for mass meetings throughout 
 the country, "and to pass such resolutions as will demonstrate to the world that the people of 
 America are ready to act resolutely, promptly and patriotically to meet the crisis at hand." 
 
 In black-face type at the top of the letter were several patriotic appeals: "The Nation is in 
 peril!" "It is time to show our colors!" "We must defend our rights or we may soon have no 
 rights to defend!" "Every one should stand by the President in defense of our country!" That 
 call was heeded ; in fact, the Mayor, Mr. Hollister and others in the Security League and the many 
 similar organizations which had sprung into being, were not long in formulating plans for a mass 
 meeting to be held on the evening of April 5th at Elmwood Music Hall. On March 31st the 
 Mayor appointed a committee of 100. Fully half of the men named had filed an acceptance 
 within the day, and on the following day the Mayor issued a proclamation* to the people calling 
 on them to assemble at Elmwood Music Hall on the date set. 
 
 The President's war message of April 2d set the country aglow with patriotic fervor, and though 
 differences still existed in Congress, on the night of Buffalo's war meeting it was apparent 
 that war with Germany would be declared within a short time. The immense gathering 
 was itself aroused and in turn aroused the city to a higher pitch than had been experienced 
 on any prior occasion. An overflow meeting was held at the First Presbyterian Church. 
 Throughout the city civic organizations were likewise active, and at all of these, resolu- 
 tions declaring devotion to America, and support for the President and Congress were adopted. 
 
 Buffalonians volunteered that night their lives and fortunes as did their forefathers of Revo- 
 lutionary fame; they stated a willingness to stake all in "the struggle of Democracy against 
 Autocracy" for the peace and liberty of humanity. No such momentous rally had called the 
 people together in this city since the early '60's, but we were in no such fearful mood as were the 
 men and women of the earlier period. 
 
 *To The People of Buffalo: 
 
 Pursuant to the appeal addressed to me by fifty citizens of this city requesting a mass meeting to be held this week, to give public expression 
 to the loyalty and patriotism of the citizens of Buffalo in upholding the President of the United States in the stand he is taking to maintain Amer- 
 ican rights and to protect the lives of American citizens, I hereby call upon the people of Buffalo to assemble at Elmwood Music Hall, Wednesday 
 evening, April 4th, at eight o'clock, for this purpose. 
 
 Louis P. Fuhrmann, Mayor. 
 
 We were staging some of the show; not much, but some. For example, a German singing 
 society, the Buffalo Orpheus, was selected to sing America at the opening of the meeting. The 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 59 
 
 Orpheus was chosen to do the singing to convey the impression that all Buffalo was a unit, all 
 races one, in support of the determination against Germany. That probably was so as far as 
 the Orpheus was concerned, but it was not entirely true among the masses. Debate was heavily 
 supported on both sides, and sometimes intense, on the question of entering into "a foreign war." 
 
 The cheering at Buffalo's patriotic meeting that night undoubtedly voiced the prevailing 
 sentiment in the hearts of the audience. One young man in khaki, who had to climb over men 
 and chairs to reach the front of the platform in order to deliver his brief speech, showed in every 
 action his appreciation of the crisis and his eagerness for battle. That young man was Captain 
 WilHam J. Donovan of Troop I, who later as Major and then as Lieutenant Colonel, and finally 
 as Colonel, distinguished himself on the battlefields of France. Other hundreds in Elmwood 
 Music Hall that night felt likewise, but to the vast and overwhelming majority the actualities 
 of war seemed at that time remote. The speakers, other than Captain Donovan, were Adelbert 
 Moot, George H. Kennedy and John Lord O'Brian. Mayor Fuhrmann presided, and delivered 
 the preliminary address. At the overflow meeting in the First Presbyterian Church, Rev. Andrew 
 V. V. Raymond, pastor, presided. The audience was addressed by William L. Marcy, Mr. 
 O'Brian and Mr. Moot. The committee having immediate charge of the arrangements for the 
 meeting were Frank H. Callan, John K. Walker, George S. Buck (who later succeeded Mayor 
 Fuhrmann as head of the city), Joseph Morey and Evan P. Hollister. The speeches of the 
 evening accurately voiced the sentiments of the crowded hall, for the girders rang with enthusi- 
 astic cheering of the throng, under the splendidly patriotic reasoning, and resonant oratory of 
 the varii^us speakers. 
 
 Mayor Louis P. Fuhrmann was greeted with a burst of cheers as he arose to speak. He was 
 interrupted again and again by cheers and applause as he made the following declaration: 
 
 This mass meeting of the citizens of Buffalo is called for the purpose of upholding President Wilson, the official 
 head of the United States, in his efforts to maintain the honor of our country. 
 
 Among a free people public measures and policies are always debatable, but once a state of war exists there is just 
 one thing, and only one thing for all of us to do, and that is to steadfastly stand by the Government and the Presi- 
 dent. When the American flag goes up, all other flags must come down. That is the doctrine of Lexington and 
 Concord, of Lake Erie and New Orleans, of Palo Alto and Buena Vista, of Antietam and Gettysburg, of Santiago 
 and Manila Bay. 
 
 As the American people upheld their former war presidents — Madison, Polk, Lincoln, McKinley — so, from this 
 time on, President Wilson must have the ungrudging and continued support of the hundred million who enjoy the 
 blessings of liberty and equality under the Stars and Stripes. Regardless of racial antecedents, there is and must 
 be only one kind of Americans in America, and that is Americans who are with the President and the Government 
 to the uttermost; Americans who are willing to make every sacrifice of life and treasure necessary in the common 
 effort to uphold the integrity of our country. 
 
 Buffalo, the home of Millard Fillmore and of Grover Cleveland, is a loyal, patriotic city. Each and every one of 
 our half million people has a genuine love for our great republic. All that we have and all that we are we owe to its 
 institutions. Our fathers came from over the seas to establish a free government for all. I know I speak the sober 
 truth when I say that the spirit of the fathers lives forever in their sons. We are of the same breed as they and we 
 will prove ourselves just as loyal and just as unconquerable. 
 
 John Lord O'Brian, the next speaker, paid a high tribute to the Germans who came to the 
 United States to escape the military oppression that was felt in their land in 1848. He described 
 the public service of these German-Americans and their sons in the years that have followed, 
 becoming leaders in the business, professional and political life of this and many other commu- 
 nities. Mr. O'Brian then recalled the work of the United States for humanity in the Spanish- 
 American war, the Boxer rebellion and in opening the doors of Japan to civilization. 
 
 George H. Kennedy delivered the principal address. It was earnest and forceful. At times 
 he was forced to stop and wipe the perspiration from his forehead, for he was just recovering from 
 an illness and was not a well man. His speech, however, was a masterpiece of logic and elo- 
 quence. In part he said: 
 
 "At the opening of the Civil War the Sixth Massachusetts Regiment marched down Broadway in New York City. 
 A spectator stepped from the sidewalk and accosted one of the soldiers, enquiring from what place they came. With- 
 out breaking step to the martial music of his regimental band, he replied, 'From Bunker Hill, from Bunker Hill.' 
 
60 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 And the thought which should go out from this great meeting to-night is the fact that we are moved by the same 
 impulse that fired the shot at Concord Bridge, heard round the world. 
 
 "If our forefathers were justified in 1775 in resisting the encroachment of the British crown, we are more than 
 justified in repelling with force of arms the barbarous conduct of the German government. I can well imagine that 
 'taxation without representation' in some period of the world's history might have been a legitimate subject for 
 debate. But nowhere in the recorded history of civilization will you find the justification of the murder on the high 
 seas of innocent women and children until the Prussian war party assumed control of the German Empire. 
 
 "Whatever may be the consequences to us of our entering this war, it surely was not of our making. It was forced 
 upon us. During the past two years we have suffered with a patience rarely exhibited by any first-class power in the 
 history of the human race. Indignity after indignity has been heaped upon us until the measure was overflowing. 
 
 "We have sacrificed everything except honor itself to avoid this conflict. And the nation that submits to the dic- 
 tation of another power as to how, when and where it shall ferry its boats across the high seas, has reached that period 
 of decline that precedes disaster, dismemberment and decay. 
 
 "The finest thing about this conflict, the thing that will stand out to our greatest credit and be best remembered, 
 that will surpass the glory of all our victories, is the high plane upon which our cause of battle is placed. We are not 
 fighting for power, we are not battling for a place in the sun. (Applause.) 
 
 "We covet no nation's territory, we want no people's money. But the right of our people to sail the high seas in 
 our own boats, manned by our own seamen, guarded by our own flag, has never been surrendered to any power since 
 John Paul Jones and Jack Barry fought their way to imperishable victory, and, pray God, it never will. 
 
 "When this country had but three millions of people, with no army and with no navy, inspired by the words of 
 Patrick Henry and Samuel Adams, it threw down the gage of battle to the acknowledged 'mistress of the seas.' When 
 it has grown to more than one hundred millions of people, shall we allow a power hemmed in on all sides by her ene- 
 mies to drive us ruthlessly from the seas? 
 
 "We are all for President Wilson now. (Applause.) We are no longer party men seeking to control the political 
 fortunes of our government. In this day of conflict there are no Democrats; there are no Republicans; there are no 
 Irish; there are no Germans; there are no Canadians; there are no foreign born, and in real service to our country 
 there is no distinction in race or creed. We are all Americans with but one purpose in view — to maintain the power, 
 the prestige and the honor of this republic." (Applause.) 
 
 Adalbert Moot followed Mr. Kennedy as the final speaker of the evening. Mr. Moot said : 
 
 "I am a peace man, never more so than to-night, and yet I'm heart and soul with President Wilson for war. I never 
 was with him before, but I'm with him now because he speaks for my country, truly and well. 
 
 "More than 140 years ago we set up a new government — and made it go — with the help of France. And in making 
 it go we taught our mother country something about treatment of colonies, so that now England's territorial pos- 
 sessions are pouring their wealth, resources and men gladly to the aid of the Allies. 
 
 "Liberty-loving France now calls for our aid. Have we any cause for going to war? Should a peace man ever 
 fight? In the Civil War there were more Quaker soldiers in proportion to the members of their sect than any other 
 denomination. They weren't Quakers then, they were soldiers, and they did their duty. 
 
 "To-day we have no more loyal citizens than those who have German blood in their veins. I have, and am proud 
 of it. This is not a war on the German people. It is a war between autocracy and democracy. The whole question 
 is: 'Is the brotherhood of man going to dominate the world or not?' 
 
 "I'm a peace man, but I'm for war, because if Germany wins this war we'll have no peace. The only way to have 
 peace is for us to aid in the fight against autocracy until the people get so tired of it they are ready to tumble it into 
 the sea. 
 
 "We could make peace with the German people in twenty minutes. We couldn't make peace with Prussian 
 autocracy in twenty years. If the struggle ends right, great armies and navies will be unnecessary and we can begin 
 to think about the better things of democracy." (Applause.) 
 
 At the height of the enthusiasm Mayor Fuhrmann read a letter sent by President George Rand 
 of the Marine National Bank to President Wilson offering to raise a volunteer regiment. 
 
 Hon. Woodrow Wilson, Buffalo, N. Y., April 3d, 1917. 
 
 Executive Mansion, Washington, D. C. 
 Dear Sir: 
 
 The undersigned, recognizing the grave crisis now confronting our country in its threatened conflict with the German empire, and endorsing 
 your magnificent stand and determination in upholding the dignity and rights of American citizens at home and on the high seas, and being desir- 
 ous of doing everything within my power to assist you and our country at this time, it gives me great pleasure to offer my services in recruiting 
 an entire regiment of 1,000 men in this city, for home or overseas service, the expense of recruiting and equipment of whom I will defray personally, 
 requesting only from the Government the supplying of two or three officials, preferably from the West Point Military Academy, to co-operate in 
 the formation and drilling of such regiment. 
 
 While I myself am without military knowledge and training, yet I should expect to devote my time to acquiring such knowledge and training 
 as are necessary for service with said regiment. 
 
 Trusting that it may be my privilege to have you accept my services in thus responding to our country's need at this time, I beg you to believe 
 me, sir, your obedient servant. 
 
 George Rand. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 61 
 
 Lillian Russell Aids Marine Recruiting 
 
 Noted actress on the platform at Lafayette Square urges enlistments in the Marine Corps 
 
 While the offer aroused the meeting and the community it was not accepted by the Govern- 
 ment, however, because of a determination to end the volunteer system, if possible, and enlarge 
 the army in ways which would not disturb industrial conditions. 
 
 The meeting lasted until well into the night; crowds came and departed, and other crowds 
 succeeded to their places. In Washington the House of Representatives was battling through 
 the night in a determined stand to force a vote on the war resolution before adjourning. In the 
 early hours of the morning of April 6th, while the throng was still lingering about Elmwood Music 
 Hall, word came that war would be declared before morning and the prize to be fought for would 
 be liberty and independence for mankind everywhere. The cry had already gone up: "The 
 World Must Be Made Safe for Democracy." Early that morning the House, by an overwhelming 
 majority, adopted the joint resolution already accepted by the Senate: 
 
 "Whereas, the Imperial German Government has committed repeated acts of war against the Government and 
 the people of the United States of America; therefore be it 
 
 "Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
 That the state of war between the United States and the Imperial German Government which has thus been thrust 
 upon the United States is hereby formally declared; and that the President be, and he is hereby authorized and di- 
 rected to employ the entire naval and military forces of the United States and the resources of the Government to 
 carry on war against the Imperial German Government; and to bring the conflict to a successful termination all 
 the resources of the country are hereby pledged by the Congress of the United States." 
 
 At last the Nation was on its way to war and Buffalo was in step. 
 
62 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER XVI 
 NAVAL MILITIA OFF TO WAR — SOLDIERS GUARD WATER FRONT 
 
 EVENTFUL were the days immediately following the declaration of war, but not extraordi- 
 narily exciting. The first real touch of interest came with the news that members of the 
 Naval Militia stationed here had departed for the seaboard. The young mariners who 
 formed the State Guard of Naval Militia had been mustered into the Federal service prior to the 
 presentation of the war message to Congress. Early on the evening of April 7th, they left the 
 armory of the 74th Regiment in Niagara Street and marched to the Lehigh station where they 
 boarded a train for Philadelphia.* So quickly was it done, and so quietly, that very few people 
 knew of the Naval Militia's journey until they were well on their way to the deck of some Ameri- 
 can ship. The departure of that unit brought color to the cheeks of the Buffalo boys. And 
 while not all cheeks glowed with the red blood of courage, most of them did. Some Buffalo boys, 
 at least, had gone to war; others who felt eager to take part in the struggle immediately applied 
 for enlistment at the regimental headquarters. A small stream of young men had constantly 
 flowed into the Canadian Army or into foreign ambulance service. That stream was now di- 
 verted into the recruiting stations here. 
 
 Two battalions of the 74th assembled on the 7th of April at the armory to prepare for patrol 
 duty in guarding railroad bridges and other important points along the arteries of commerce. 
 The first battalion, under the command of Major William R. Pooley, later Lieutenant Colonel 
 of the regiment, was ordered to remain at the armory. That battalion included companies A, 
 B, C, and D, Headquarters Company, the Supply Company and the Machine Gun Company, 
 recently organized. (Sergeant Christopher Reddan, who really led the machine gun company 
 through the foreign campaign, being cited for bravery, fell down stairs a few days after his return 
 to Buffalo and was killed.) Company K of Tonawanda and Company E of Jamestown had 
 already taken up patrol posts in different parts of the State. An urgent call to guard the electric 
 plants at the Falls had been made, and by reason of the tremendous volume of power generated 
 at that point extra precaution was immediately taken. Federal and municipal authorities knew 
 that German propagandists were active, and a natural uneasiness as to the real extent of dis- 
 affection and disloyalty was felt here. Many officials, Mayor Fuhrmann among them, expressed 
 a disbelief that any disloyalty lurked in Buffalo, but they proceeded nevertheless on the theory 
 that it is better to be safe than sorry, and acted accordingly. 
 
 Commissioner Arthur W. Kreinheder at the head of the important city department of Public 
 Works sent a communicationt to the Council on April 6th, the day war was declared, urging action 
 looking to a further protection of the Water Works. 
 
 Business interests of the city began to exhibit apprehension and on April 12th Mayor Fuhrmann 
 asked Governor Whitman for State troops to guard local elevators. He had forgotten that the 
 troops were no longer under the control of the State, but was reminded of that fact in a telegram J 
 from Adjutant General Stotesbury on April 13th. 
 
 *There was little excitement last night at 8 o'clock in the Exchange street station as Buffalo's two divisions of the naval militia boarded a special 
 train for Philadelphia from which point they will be sent to a port on the Atlantic where they will be assigned to one of Uncle Sam's warships 
 for active service. No information was available as to where they are going, but it is known that they will be on warships within 24 hours after 
 they reach their destination. 
 
 Their departure was sudden. It was known for two days that they were going to leave, but the day tor departure was generally thought to 
 be 'Tuesday. Preparations had been completed swiftly and the militiamen were somewhat surprised when an order came from Washington late 
 yesterday afternoon ordering them to leave in the evening. 
 
 Their special train arrived in Philadelphia at 6 o'clock this morning. 
 
 Soon after the order came Lieutenant Frank Maytham and Lieutenant Commander Arthur E. Brock had the men ready and all their equip- 
 ment was sent on its way. 
 
 The men were barely able to inform their parents and their relatives that they were about to leave. As the boys marched out of the Connecti- 
 cut street armory they were given a great send-off by the members of the 74th Regiment and the hundreds of persons who were visiting the armory 
 and the wives and sweethearts and friends of the militiamen. 
 
 As the boys, most of whom are young, marched through the street small crowds gathered, for they were attracted by the tunes that were played 
 by the militiamen's fife and drum corps. The march continued in Niagara street to Main street to Exchange street. 
 
 This was a new experience for the naval militiamen. They did not go to the border when the infantrymen went, but their call this time is 
 different than the call that infantrymen received. The naval militiamen are going to war. — (Local newspaper) 
 1 1 See next page. 
 
 I 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 63 
 
 Upon receipt of that telegram, the Mayor immediately despatched a telegram ''. to the Com- 
 mander at Governor's Island, again urging waterfront protection. 
 
 The police guard around the elevators was increased and the elevator owners co-operated by 
 the appointment of watchmen to assist the police in safeguarding these immense repositories of 
 valuable foodstuffs. Fires in the elevators at Erie and at other points throughout the country 
 added to the uneasiness here. It was not until near the close of April that the Mayor received 
 word * * from the Government offering assistance in guarding these properties. On April 25th a 
 letter from Adjutant General Wing at Governor's Island assured Buffalo officials that troops 
 would be furnished. 
 
 To THE Council— tDEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS 
 
 Gentlemen: 
 
 The unsettled condition of the times and the prevailing apprehension that through the efforts of public enemies or malicious and evil minded 
 persons damage and loss may occur to the property of the city, especially the water works, urges me to lay before you this communication for 
 your consideration. 
 
 To minimize danger a special guard of police is now being maintained day and night over the water works property, and further precautions 
 have been taken to thoroughly safeguard the very large investments of the city in this most important system. Upon consultation with many 
 business men, I find that when large values are jeopardized, as a further precautionary measure these values are insured against loss by any of the 
 causes mentioned. 
 
 I therefore submit for the consideration of the Council the proposition that explosion insurance be placed upon the water works, and that the 
 cost of such insurance, which will not be very great considering the protection afforded, be borne as a current expense by the bureau of water. 
 
 It is not necessary to recite the terrible consequences which destruction of any vital or serious portion of the water works system would bring 
 upon the people of the city of Buffalo. While we have the utmost confidence in the patriotism and loyalty of all our citizens, we believe that in 
 the interest of public safety this department should be empowered to take all the precautionary measures necessary. 
 
 I am informed that other cities are protecting their public properties by insurance, and in view of the large values of our pumping station, I 
 recommend that this department be authorized to procure the necessary insurance at once on the best terms and conditions obtainable. 
 
 Respectfully submitted, 
 
 Arthur W. Kreinheder, Commissioner 
 
 (Copy of Telegram sent) iSTATE OF NEW YORK 
 
 The Adjutant General's Office 
 (26457) Albany 
 
 Hon. Louis P. Fuhrmann, 
 
 Mayor of Buffalo, Albany, N. Y., April 13th, 1917. 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y. 
 Reference your telegram all infantry National Guard organizations in western part of State are in Federal service. Have referred your tele- 
 gram to the Commanding General Eastern Department and requested him to wire this office whether National Guard units in Federal service will 
 be placed on duty for protection of elevator and milling district of Buffalo. Suggest you wire Commanding General Eastern Department, Gov- 
 ernor's Island, for adequate guard from troops in Federal service. 
 
 Louis W. Stotesbury, 
 
 The Adjutant General. 
 SPostal Telegraph — Commercial Cables 
 
 TELEGRAM 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y., April 14, 1917. 
 To the General Commanding Department of the East, U. S. Army, 
 Governor's Island, New York Harbor 
 Grain elevators at Buffalo, with a storage capacity of twenty-five million bushels of grain; flour and cereal mills with a daily output about 
 twenty-five thousand barrels flour, and corresponding quantity of feed, feel that their property is in jeopardy unless given immediate military pro- 
 tection. Two hundred million bushels of grain passed through this port last year, going very largely for export to the Allies. One hundred twenty- 
 five million of this was Canadian grain — principally wheat. There are thirty millions of wheat headed to Buffalo now, merely awaiting breaking 
 up of ice on lakes. I earnestly request that you detail at least a battalion of troops to protect these properties which are located almost entirely 
 in one district on the waterfront — a narrow strip a little over two miles long. I have asked the New York State authorities for such protection 
 and am informed that all State troops have been mustered into Federal service and that request should be addressed to you. Please act promptly. 
 Shippers and owners of grain and grain products passing through this port are greatly exercised over lack of protection. 
 
 L. Pt Fuhrmann, Mayor. 
 
 ** HEADQUARTERS EASTERN DEPARTMENT 
 Governor's Island, New York City 
 In reply refer to 370.21, Buffalo, N. Y. April 24th, 1917. 
 
 Hon. Louis P. Fuhrmann, 
 
 Mayor, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 Dear Sir: 
 
 Reference your telegram of April 14th, 1917. The Department Commander directs me to inform you that as soon as the 3rd New York In- 
 fantry is mustered into the Federal service, the Commanding Officer of the 74th New York Infantry at Buffalo has been directed to furnish such 
 troops as may be practicable to co-operate with your police force in the protection of the grain elevator district of Buffalo. 
 
 "These troops are furnished with the idea of co-operating with the civil authorities in protecting these districts, and it will not be practicable 
 to furnish the necessary troops to entirely safeguard this district, but your local police should co-operate with these troops in keeping this portion 
 of the city properly policed. While it is desired to furnish all the protection practicable for such utilities, he is unable with the number of troops 
 available to protect all such places, and in furnishing such protection as he is able, he hopes that your department will co-operate in such manner 
 as to make the protection adequate. 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 J. A. Wing, 
 
 Adjutant-General Adjutant. 
 
64 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER XVII 
 
 RUSH FOR MARRIAGE LICENSES CONGESTS 
 CITY CLERK'S OFFICE 
 
 T 
 
 HE recruiting campaign in April was confined largely if not wholly to enlistments in the 
 Regular Army and to filling the National Guard regiments to fighting strength. The fol- 
 lowing telegram explains the army purposes of the Government at that time: 
 
 WESTERN UNION TELEGRAM 
 Hon. Louis P. Fuhrmann. New York, N. Y., April 12, 1917. 
 
 Mayor, Buffalo, N. Y.: 
 Our telegram of April seventh, emphasized Navy's need. Understand Regular Army and National Guard to be filled if possible by Volunteers 
 but creation larger force dependent upon Congressional legislation. Venture to suggest you now urge Navj' enlistment. Hope by action your 
 own city, and by telegrams to your Congressmen and Senators, you will emphasize danger reljing upon volunteer system. Men needed in industry, 
 agriculture, and to look after families may wish to enlist. Men who should enlist may prefer to stay home. Chaos will result. Universal train- 
 ing service means every man will be assigned to duty for which best fitted. Service in factory or farm equally honorable with service with colors. 
 Under volunteer system there will be stigma upon those who stay at home. We hope for your support for universal service. Our Committee is 
 receiving strongest possible support from labor leader members. Suggest you include labor representatives on committees you may organize. 
 
 Alex.ander J. Hemphill, 
 Chairman, Recruiting Committee of the Mayor's Committee on Xational Defense. 
 
 Recruiting was brisk for a while but not exceptionally so. Captain Hamlin opened a recruiting 
 station for the Third Artillery at Lafayette Square, and another at Shelton Square. Colonel 
 Kemp, also, caused stations to be set up about the city to bring in recruits for the 74th. Marines 
 and naval officers were likewise active in recruiting. Scenes around the monument at Lafayette 
 Square at times grew most interesting and spectacular. Women joined in the work. Earnest 
 appeals were made to those w^ho congregated at that point to "join the colors." Captain Patrick 
 J. Keeler, a judge of the City Court, was among the most enthusiastic officers of the Third Artil- 
 lery in the effort to secure enlistments in his regiment. His speeches from the monument plat- 
 form were intensely patriotic and forceful. No two men could have possibly spent more time and 
 endeavor than did Captains Hamlin and Keeler in that reci'uiting campaign. Their labors were not 
 so fully rewarded, perhaps, as they had hoped, or as the effort deserved, but they did bring many 
 young men into khaki under the banner of the old 65th Regiment, then the Third Artillery. 
 
 On April 24th the Military Training Camp Association opened an office in the White Building 
 to receive applications for the officers' training camp at Madison Barracks. A number of guards- 
 men were permitted to join the officers' camps, and through that source Buffalo furnished many 
 officers to the Army. Later camps were established at Fort Niagara, and other points throughout 
 the country. Many men who secured commissions at Madison Barracks, were sent to the regu- 
 lars, and finally found their way into the First and Second Divisions in overseas service. 
 
 While it may be possible that all eyes were turned toward the military operations at that 
 moment, the rush of the young men of Buffalo was not wholly in the direction of the recruiting 
 stations. Many rushed to the City Clerk's office for marriage licenses, through which they 
 hoped to evade military service. The following article, appearing in the Buffalo Commercial on 
 the "Yellow Peril" was written by Frank Gilchriese, City Hall reporter, and father of Captain 
 Harry Gilchriese who gave valiant service throughout the war with the 106th Artillery in France. 
 
 "Slackers Enter Here" 
 
 "That was the sign that someone pasted over the doorway leading to the City Clerk's office and the marriage 
 license bureau yesterday. That sign didn't appear to have any effect on the rush. All records at Cupid's Bower 
 were smashed to smithereens by the onslaught of prospective brides and bridegrooms. The rush started immedi- 
 ately after the City Clerk's office was opened for business, and at noon it hadn't abated a jot. City Clerk Sweeney 
 had to detail practically all his employees to the job of making out licenses. There were fully fifty couples 
 lined up for marriage licenses all the time, and they kept coming until the wonder was where they all came 
 from. 
 
 "A careful scrutiny of the lapels of the coats of the bridegrooms failed to disclose more than one per cent of Ameri- 
 can colors — the colors that are being worn so profusely these days. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 65 
 
 "'Do these men have to swear to support the Constitution and the flag?' asked a bystander of one of the City 
 Clerk's men. 
 
 " ' Won't they have enough to do to support their wives? ' was the retort. 
 
 "Some of the couples that entered the hall noticed the big American flag that is suspended over the clerk's desk. 
 But most of the couples saw nothing in that flag to attract them. They simply followed the rush. The sight was 
 such an unusual one that city hall employees made a sort of Mecca of the City Clerk's office just to see the crowd. 
 
 "At noon an attempt was made to get a count of the couples that secured licenses during the forenoon, but the 
 rush and consequent confusion made this impossible. It was certain that more than 100 couples got licenses during 
 the forenoon and that more than half of the men were of military age — between 18 and 25. 
 
 "An officer of the Third Field Artillery called upon City Clerk Sweeney to ask if he could erect a recruiting station 
 in the City Clerk's office. 
 
 "'By all means,' said Mr. Sweeney. 
 
 "The officer said he would send a recruiting corps to the office during the afternoon. 
 
 "'That might stop the rush,' said a tired-out employee." 
 
 The following report in the Courier indicates that the recruiting officers did not overlook the 
 opportunity to set up a recruiting station where the heroes (of matrimony) were the thickest: 
 
 "At noon a sergeant and three privates of the 3d Artillery opened a recruiting office in the marriage license bureau. 
 They were furnished with office room and other necessaries by City Clerk Sweeney. They posted the usual notices 
 and prepared to do business, but the sergeant said he had little expectation for success at this time. 
 
 " 'Perhaps a few months from now some of these young fellows will be glad to join the army,' said a bystander." 
 
 The efforts of the military men quickly turned the tide, however, and the number appearing 
 for licenses gradually dwindled. The young women were the first to declare that they 
 would not run the battery of gibes from those gathered around the corridors leading to the 
 City Clerk's office, and a brighter and better and nobler color began to take the place of the 
 yellow shade in the cheeks of the young men. Many of those who felt the impulse to evade 
 service and who applied for licenses at that time were numbered later on with the boys who did 
 their "bit" to the limit, and made the Supreme Sacrifice under their country's flag in a foreign 
 land. 
 
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Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 67 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII 
 FLAG RAISING CEREMONIES AND PULPIT APPEALS 
 
 PRESIDENT Wilson's war message to Congress, the patriotic fervor of the Elmwood Music 
 Hall meeting, and the declaration of war itself served to set the blood of the people a-tingling 
 and fill the city with martial airs. The month of April found bankers and merchants fling- 
 ing the flag to the breeze. The practice quickly spread to the householders, if it did not originate 
 there. Large industrial plants added something akin to a renewal of allegiance by surrounding 
 the flag raising events with ceremony and song. In many of the plants, workmen purchased 
 and raised the flags themselves. Commissioners Malone and Kreinheder, Mayor Fuhrmann and 
 other city officials were much in demand as speakers at flag raising ceremonies. Though the 
 practice began in April it lasted through the entire year and at times the number was so large it 
 seemed as though the city would burst out in one great American flag with the entire population 
 cheering. The daily papers were filled with accounts of these jubilees. 
 
 The first flags raised with ceremony were at the Pierce-Arrow plant in Elmwood Avenue, and 
 at the Niagara Street branch of the Curtiss plant. Peter A. Porter, a former member of Congress, 
 and Colonel Charles Clifton were the speakers at the first named ceremonial, while Mayor Fuhr- 
 mann delivered an address of patriotic character at the Curtiss plant. The following day, "Old 
 Glory" was unfolded at the New York Central stockyards in East Buffalo, with Alfred D. Sears 
 as master of ceremonies and Edward L. Jung as the speaker. A squad of fifteen members of the 
 74th Regiment participated in the observances and fired a salute to the flag. Then the Post- 
 office employees raised an immense banner, the speakers being Robert Eichel, superintendent 
 of mails; David 0. Trainer, head of the Clerks' Association, and Thomas F. Kennedy, president 
 
 Hon. Charles M. Heald Addressing Crowd at Patriotic Meeting 
 
68 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 of the Letter Carriers' Association. On that occasion Postmaster George J, Meyer announced 
 that he would give his entire salary of $6,000 a year to war relief funds. Captain Patrick J. 
 Keeler and Lieutenant D. P. Wickersham, naval recruiting officer, were the speakers at Lafayette 
 Square when the boys of the recruiting station had a "flag raising" early in April. Fully 1,000 
 men massed themselves at the Cyphers Incubator plant in Dewey Avenue for a similar purpose. 
 The men poured in from the adjoining plants. The gathering was probably the largest at any 
 flag raising ceremony held during the month of April. Arthur W. Kreinheder, Commissioner of 
 Public Works, was the speaker. In many of the churches patriotic sermons were delivered. On 
 Sunday following the declaration of war Rev. Robert J. MacAlpine of the Central Park Presby- 
 terian Church and the Rev. Thomas J. O'Hern, a Catholic missionary, were leaders in the pulpit 
 appeal to patriotism. On the following Saturday and Sunday war sermons were preached by 
 the Rev. Louis J. Kopald of Temple Beth Zion, Rev. Carl D. Case of the Delaware Avenue Baptist 
 Church, Rev. Richard Wilson Boynton of the First Unitarian Church, Rev. John T. Cowan of 
 the Prospect Avenue Baptist Church, Rev. William J. Kirwin, 0. M. I. of Holy Angels Church, 
 Rev. William S. Mitchell of Plymouth Methodist Episcopal, Rev. Thomas J. Walsh, later Bishop 
 of Trenton, N. J., then rector of St. Joseph's Old Cathedral, Rev. L. 0. Williams, First Univer- 
 salist Church of the Messiah, and Rev. George F. Williams of St. Mary's on the Hill, who later 
 became Captain Williams of the United States Army — a chaplain. 
 
 Men were naturally turning to the armories, to the recruiting stations and to Congress for 
 information as to the next step. War had been declared, yet no one understood definitely how 
 we were to make war. Food was necessary; that was apparent. Ships had to be built; that, 
 also, we realized to be an essential duty of the nation. The Navy could use men, mariners would 
 be required in manning the ships to carry supplies and ammunition. It appeared to be conceded 
 we would, in compliance with our military and naval duty, simply fill up the local regiments and 
 aid in Navy enlistments. 
 
 Discussion grew at Washington as to whether or not we would send an army overseas, and the 
 arrival of envoys from England and France to discuss the form our aid should take, soon made 
 it certain that men would be needed for war service on foreign soil. The man-power of both 
 France and England had been materially weakened, and the morale of their troops was none too 
 high. 
 
 Offers to raise volunteer regiments poured in to Washington. President Wilson and other 
 officials at the head of the War Department were strongly set against the volunteer system, and, 
 at an early date in April, caused a bill providing for selective enrollment to be introduced in both 
 houses of Congress. The measure was discussed at length in the House Military Committee, 
 and, on April 18th, the committee, by a vote of twelve to eight, decided to have the army bill 
 carry a provision committing the Government to an attempt to raise the new force by volunteers 
 before taking other steps. At the same time the Senate Committee, by a vote of ten to seven, 
 decided in favor of conscription. The action of the House was virtually a declaration for the 
 volunteer system to raise 500,000 men, the number it was generally believed would be needed. 
 The provision which the House Committee agreed upon was as follows: 
 
 "That the President be and he is hereby authorized to call for 500,000 volunteers under and in accordance with 
 the act of Congress approved April 25, 1914 (the army reorganization act) * * * That in the event it becomes neces- 
 sary to raise an additional force of 500,000 men * * the President be, and he is hereby authorized to call such addi- 
 tional force by volunteers in the same manner, such volunteer army shall be apportioned among the various States 
 and Territories and the District of Columbia, according to population, raised in regiments' units or parts thereof * * * 
 Provided that such volunteer forces shall be recruited in local units as far as practicable and company officers may 
 be appointed from such units upon passing such reasonable and practical examinations as to fitness as the President 
 may direct. 
 
 "And provided further, that upon the completion of the enrollment as provided in this act and in the event the 
 President decides that such additional force or forces cannot be effectually raised and maintained under the call for 
 volunteers as herein provided, the President be and he is hereby authorized to raise and organize the same by the 
 selective draft as herein provided." 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 69 
 
 The foregoing resolution voiced the trend of thought of a great many people. The volunteer 
 system was looked upon as the more manly and patriotic way to go to war, while the draft was 
 viewed in many quarters as a somewhat degrading system of raising an army. It was stated 
 that riots and disorder would follow any attempt to draft men. Washington reports, while indi- 
 cating that men were needed on the farms and in the industries more than in the military branch, 
 still continued to carry assurance that eventually whatever military service would be required 
 of the young men would be determined by a selective draft system. In Buffalo people generally 
 felt assured that our part in the struggle would be confined wholly to sending supplies. In fact, 
 the utterances of all authorities tended to confirm that opinion. The Buffalo Commercial in that 
 day was a conservative newspaper. Politically it was opposed to the President but it strongly 
 advocated support of the President's war policy and the adoption of the selective service system.* 
 The other Buffalo newspapers were likewise earnestly behind the President, but not all were 
 entirely convinced that the volunteer method should be discarded. 
 
 Comment on the editorial pages of the papers even at that late day in April shows how little 
 the people then thought of our actual participation with an armed force on foreign soil. They 
 did not realize that their government was quietly shaping the machinery at that moment to raise 
 the army which in one year and a half from that date would halt and then destroy the German 
 military machine. 
 
 *"As the days pass since war was declared against Germany the part that the United States is to play in the great world struggle for supremacy 
 becomes more clearly and definitely pronounced. We now realize that America's duty is not primarily to send men to the fighting line either on 
 sea or land, but in supplying the nations already in the fight with the things they stand in need of. It is not for us to carry the gun but to work 
 behind the gunners. We are to be connected with the quartermaster's department. It is an humble part and one that will not bring great mili- 
 tary glory, but it is just as essential to the winning of this war as the work General Haig's forces are doing to-day on the blood-soaked slopes of 
 Vimy Ridge. 
 
 "When war was threatened between Germany and our country the German newspapers ridiculed the idea of the United States contributing 
 in any way to the cause of the Allies more than it was already doing. They declared that Americans had already done all they could do to help 
 the Entente by sending them ammunition and other supplies. Little did they count upon the expansive resources of this nation. Little did they 
 dream that what we had done for gold was but a moiety of what we could and would do under the stimulus of patriotism; that the streams of 
 supplies which have been flowing into Great Britain, France, Russia and Italy are rivulets indeed when compared to the great torrents that will be 
 poured into the lap of the Allies when the industrial forces of the nation are once fairly mobilized and 100,000,000 men, women and children, more 
 or less, have found their places and have begun to 'do their bit.' 
 
 "The United States is to be the great supply depot of the allied powers. It will be at once the granary of the Entente armies and the civilian 
 populations behind them, the arsenal of the troops fighting in the cause of democracy and the great shipyard of the world, building vessels in such 
 immense quantities that Germany with all the destructive power of her submarines cannot sink them as fast as they will be turned out. Food, 
 munitions, clothing and footwear for soldiers and non-combatants will soon pour into the commercial marts of the Allies in such increasing quan- 
 tities as to blast forever the hopes of the Central empires bringing the war to an end through the exhaustion of their enemies. 
 
 "This is the theme of the President's address to the country published in the newspapers to-day: We must take the place of the men who have 
 gone to the front and raise or make things that they are unable to produce or manufacture by reason of a shortage of men, material and machinery." 
 — Buffalo Commercial, April 16, 1917. 
 
70 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER XIX 
 UNCLE SAM'S PLAN TO RAISE A NATIONAL ARMY 
 
 ON Saturday, April 28th, 1917, Mayor Fuhrmann received notice through official channels 
 of the form Buffalo's essential military participation in the World War then raging in 
 Europe would take. The notice arrived fully three weeks prior to the date on which Con- 
 gress passed the act which subsequently became known as the Selective Service Law. It con- 
 veyed information to the head of the city government that the Federal authorities had deter- 
 mined to raise a National army from the youths of the country by the selective service 
 system. 
 
 K^ 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 
 Lf?lLJ^ 
 
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 set ' 
 
 ^^^y 1 
 
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 President and Mrs. Wilson visit Buffalo 
 
 First Lady of the Land alighting from automobile on occasion of President's visit to Builalo for the big labor conference 
 
 Mayor Fuhrmann had followed closely the affairs at Washington and at the capitals of the 
 belligerent nations of Europe and he was closer to a complete realization of the nearness of war 
 to Buffalo homes than most of the war students of Buffalo at that time. But the message he 
 received that evening came to him as a real awakening. It did, also, to the others who read it. 
 Like almost everyone else he had pictured in his mind's eye the National Guard called to war; 
 he had pictured a call for volunteers, and, then, if more men were needed for America's part — 
 a draft. Up to that hour, however, the Federal Government's plan of procedure had not been 
 announced to anyone in Buffalo, and the President and his advisers were at that moment deeply 
 concerned over the wisdom of their course and waited with apprehension, groundless as it happily 
 proved to be, the reception of the plan by the people. 
 
 The communication announcing the draft was forwarded to Mayor Fuhrmann by Brigadier 
 General Louis W. Stotesbury, Adjutant General of the State of New York, and was marked, 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 71 
 
 "Personal and Confidential." A messenger from the Mayor's office carried it to the Mayor at 
 Police Headquarters, where he had called for a conference with Chief Martin. 
 
 At that time, and for some weeks prior thereto, the police authorities were conducting an ex- 
 tensive investigation, in a secret way, to determine the extent of pro-German propaganda dif- 
 fused here, and to detect any conspiracies which might be afoot for the destruction of industries 
 or storage plants or the like. Explosions and fires, in which great quantities of war material and 
 foodstuffs had been destroyed, had been reported from various sections of the country, and the 
 Mayor and Chief of Police were extremely anxious to avoid a disaster of that sort in Buffalo. 
 
 Police Headquarters was then on a small rectangular plot of ground at the intersection of 
 Seneca, Franklin and Erie Streets, and the Upper Terrace. It faced Franklin Street, but its rear 
 windows abutted on the New York Central's Belt Line tracks, and volumes of dense black smoke 
 enclouded — almost engulfed — the building at regular intervals during the day and night while the 
 ponderous engines rocked and shook the old structure as they climbed up the grade to the Terrace 
 Station. The day of the electrification of railroad lines within the city limits had long been prom- 
 ised but had not yet arrived. Within the walls of that old building Buffalo officially entered the war. 
 
 Upon the arrival of the City Clerk at the Chief's office in answer to a telephone call, the Mayor 
 handed him a letter,* the one he had just received from Albany, being a condensed outline of the draft 
 in conformity with a letter sent to the Governors of all the States of the Union on April 23, 1917. 
 The plan of registration as outlined in that letter found no deviation in its execution, and though 
 thousands of men were engaged in the task and 70,000 registrations were effected in this County, 
 the machinery was never for a moment retarded, nor stopped, until the task was completed. 
 
 *STATE OF NEW YORK 
 Confidential and Personal The Adjutant General's Office 
 
 From: The Adjutant General Albany April 26th, 1917. 
 
 To: Mayor L. P. Fuhrmann, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Subject: Registration of Persons for Federal Draft. 
 
 1. The Governor has received information through the Secretary of War, that the Act now pending in Congress providing for the raising of 
 additional Army troops, is assured of passage this week and will have the immediate approval of the President. 
 
 2. The Act provides for the raising of the Army by selective draft, and as the basis for such action the President proposes, immediately upon 
 the approval of the Act, to issue a' Proclamation requiring all persons of the designated classes or ages, to present themselves for registration 
 on a certain day, at the customary polling places in their voting precincts or districts. 
 
 3. The War Department has called upon the Governor of each State to become responsible for such registration within the State, and has 
 directed that registration boards be constituted in each county, consisting of the Sheriff, County Clerk and the county physician or health officer 
 and that similar boards be constituted in cities of over 30,000 inhabitants, consisting of the Mayor, the City Clerk and the City Health Officer 
 or head of the local health department. That this board, in cities, shall be known as the City Board of Control, and will act as a supervisory 
 board for the entire city. Boards similar to the County Board should be constituted for one or more wards, to supervise the registration in indi- 
 cated precincts and to further execute the law, and the various ward boards should function under the central City Board of Control. 
 
 4. You, as Mayor, will be the executive officer of the Registration Board of the city. The City Clerk will be the custodian of its records. 
 The medical officer on each ward board would later pass upon the physical fitness of those selected for service. 
 
 5. The election district will be the unit of registration. There must be provided in each election district a registration depot, and for each 
 depot there would be appointed by the ward board or by your board, as you may determine, at least one registrar and a sufficient number of clerks 
 to take care of the registration within the district. 
 
 6. The important duty of making the selection from the drafted class would be made in the city by the Ward Board, and should be consti- 
 tuted of citizens who can be relied upon to exercise this solemn function with even justice and with appreciation of its gravity. 
 
 7. It is left to you, as Mayor of the city, to appoint the Ward Boards. The Governor will appoint the County Boards and the general Super- 
 vising Boards of the city. You as executive officer of the City Board will appoint and designate the Ward Boards, either a special Board for each 
 ward or one Board to cover several wards. There should be a physician on each Board. 
 
 8. According to the information received from the Secretary of War, the Proclamation will call for the registration, on a certain day within 
 ten days of the date of the Proclamation, and all of the men of the designated classes will be required to appear at the registration depots on that 
 day, and all the work of the registration is to be accomplished on that day. You will readily appreciate, therefore, the necessity of having all 
 the machinery prepared in advance, and for that reason we are giving you this information even before the Proclamation is issued, so that you can 
 immediately, informally organize the Board. 
 
 9. Immediate steps should be taken to secure the polling places in each district as registration depots. At least one registrar should be 
 appointed for each registration depot, and a sufficient number of clerks. Every preliminary arrangement should be made to take official action 
 immediately upon the receipt of notice or publication of the President's Proclamation. 
 
 10. The War Department is to provide the forms and instructions for the registration, which will be sent direct from Washington to you as 
 executive head of the Board, for distribution within your city. Further information will be sent to you as soon as it is received from Washington. 
 
 11. Undoubtedly, a question which will require prompt solution is that of the expense of carrying out this governmental undertaking. The 
 Act referred to gives the President full power to call upon State and Federal officials to perform such duties as the President may direct. How- 
 ever, in communicating the plan to the Governor, the Secretary of War stated; 
 
 "It would be gratifying also to think that the services required of members of these boards would be offered without hope of 
 compensation, but it is borne in mind that the duties imposed upon them will be exacting, difficult, and frequently distressing. 
 If compensation is necessary, the Government stands ready to make it. Where any service in connection herewith is rendered 
 gratuitously the Government will be prompt to express its appreciation." 
 
 12. While this refers to the service of the Board, it is not clear that it was intended to include the services of registrars and clerks. If it is 
 possible for you to obtain volunteers for such purpose, that would seem to be the intention of the Secretary. Otherwise, if there is to be expense, 
 either for service or for hire of suitable quarters, you must immediately prepare a budget and wire in the expense, so that it can be submitted to 
 the War Department for approval, but we urge you most earnestly to let no consideration of that sort delay or prevent prompt and complete 
 action as indicated, for the Governor has given his assurance that the State of New York will, to the fullest extent, co-operate in this undertaking, 
 and that every officer, state, county or municipal, as well as each citizen, will do his or her part in the work. 
 
 13. In view of the confidential character of the communication from the Secretary of War, the action taken must be, as far as possible, with- 
 out publicity, but it is understood, of course, that the official nature of the request must be communicated to your associates and those who are 
 to be persuaded to do the work; but your action must, to a certain extent, be preparatory and tentative until the Act itself is signed and the 
 Proclamation itself is actually issued. 
 
 14. Please to at once acknowledge the receipt of this communication and give your assurance as to the necessary action. 
 
 Louis W. Stotesbury, 
 
 The Adjutant General. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 
 CHAPTER XX 
 LOUIS P. FUHRMANN, BUFFALO'S WAR MAYOR, 1914 TO 1917 
 
 IN the light of subsequent events the notice and information that letter contained grew dim and 
 uninteresting. Time quickly swallowed it up. To the little group in that police office, how- 
 ever, it was momentous. It carried a stern message of impending sacrifice. Buffalo 
 was unconscious of war's presence. No part of the Ignited States was diff'erent. Here and there 
 throughout the city scattered contingents of citizens had for months, as we know, solemnly urged 
 preparation for war, and their pleas fell on willing, but joyous, unconcerned and unimpressed 
 ears. To most Buffalonians the war was an inconceivable number of miles away. To those 
 who received the first order of preparation it was close at hand. Chief Martin, always military 
 in his carriage and austere in demeanor, seemed to suddenly grow more cold and erect as he read 
 that letter. Mayor Fuhrmann, jovial and even-tempered always, evidenced in his conversation 
 and manner how deeply the notice had impressed him. 
 
 "Well, it's here. Let's go to it," were the words he used in concluding the discussion, adding, 
 "Buffalo — this Nation — is in the war and we have some dark times ahead, but I presume it is the 
 only way to end that struggle over there." 
 
 It was determined that the City Clerk should map out a plan and quietly perfect an organiza- 
 tion to carry through the registration contemplated in the legislation then before Congress. The 
 Mayor expressed his intention to give all his time to the consideration of matters concerning 
 Buffalo's participation in the war — a determination to which he adhered unswervingly through- 
 out his term as a public official. And it must be recorded that he played no small part in assisting 
 the Federal Government in the co-ordination of the forces of the Nation, and in putting Buffalo 
 
 I 
 
 Mayor Fuhrmann at Station Saying Good-By to Artillerymen 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 73 
 
 patriotically to the front. Some cities hesitated in their war work. Some Mayors faltered and 
 failed. Buffalo unfurled the flag early and kept going stronger as the Nation's calls increased. 
 
 Mayor Fuhrmann was comparatively a young man at that time, scarcely more than 45 years 
 of age. He had then held the office of Mayor for upwards of six years, having emerged from two 
 bitterly contested campaigns to succeeding victories. The fierce nature of his political struggles 
 did not embitter him, however, and he always greeted folks everywhere in the same character- 
 istically good-natured, smiling, affable manner. 
 
 At an early age, Louis Fuhrmann was a butcher boy, not such as carried steaks or roasts from 
 the shop to one's home, but as a worker in the abattoirs; later as a manager of the western branch 
 of the big Dold Packing Company, in Kansas City, and, finally, returning to Buffalo, he entered 
 into the business for himself. His education was obtained by hard knocks, and his only degrees 
 were those the College of the Wide World gives. But he was keen and fearless. He had courage! 
 Oh, he had courage! Too much, perhaps. Right or wrong he could, without fear or flinching, 
 face them all — newspapers, individuals, political organizations, social and business societies. 
 He was as loyal to his friends as a flower to its stalk ; a strong believer in party, and yet forever 
 on the outs with his party organization; intensely partisan, yet constantly putting personal 
 friendships above party considerations. He came into politics as an alderman in the old Sixth 
 Ward — against his wishes — and with great diffidence, almost timidity, approached his duties 
 there. But in less than three years, he had grown to be a leader in the Council. Another whirl 
 of the political wheel found him, in 1909, his party's candidate for Mayor, to which office he was 
 then elected, and he was re-elected in 1913. When, in 1914, the war broke out he was serving the 
 first year of his second term, and, at that period was well versed in the affairs of government. 
 He had grown exceptionally popular with the people, a popularity which clung to him for the 
 greater part of his second period as Mayor, but which waned rapidly towards the end of his term. 
 His intense patriotism nevertheless never waned, and, indeed, earnest and sincere and effective 
 was the service he rendered in the solution of the innumerable problems which the war brought 
 to Buffalo. The high resolve he made in Chief Martin's office that April night to devote his 
 every effort to winning the war became in the following months a beacon of patriotic dedication 
 toward which he ever turned. 
 
 That in brief is a description of the then Mayor of Buffalo. It does not appear entirely ade- 
 quate, but it will convey an idea of the manner of man who held the reins of government at that 
 eventful period. He had his faults and weaknesses! He was not an ideal executive. Did any 
 city ever have one? He inherited nothing from Demosthenes, but was concise and forceful in 
 his remarks. Attractive in appearance, he was chock full of good humor and kindness. He was 
 a regular fellow, a man's man ; prone to fight the reform forces in the community, and given over 
 to liberality in all things. He would quickly check lawlessness, but as quickly give leave to 
 the exercise of all those virtues and near-vices which, for the want of a more descriptive term, 
 might reasonably be assembled under the title of individual liberties. It is not of record that 
 he ever marched in a reform procession, and he fairly and justly earned the opposition of civic 
 leagues, city crusaders and such like organizations. If any one of a dozen men were picked at 
 random and asked to name Mayor Fuhrmann's chief characteristics, the immediate, unhesi- 
 tating reply would be "His cordiality and his courage." Both of those qualities were put to a 
 severe test in the war months of his term which followed. 
 
74 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER XXI 
 
 VOLUNTEER ARMY TO ADMINISTER SELECTIVE 
 
 SERVICE LAW 
 
 ON April 27th work was started in Buffalo on the registration plans, and that work was un- 
 ceasing and intensive until the plans were finally arranged and the registration consum- 
 mated. Primarily, the committee in charge found the need of an army of some 2,000 
 volunteer registrars. They were recruited from the election officers and party committeemen 
 of the two major parties. General and district committeemen, inspectors of election and poll 
 clerks, without exception, volunteered their services for registration day without cost to the 
 Government or to the city. Many citizens in each election district, likewise, tendered themselves 
 gratuitously for the work. Governor Whitman, on May 10th, announced the appointment of 
 the members of the registration boards. Those officials, up to the time their designation was 
 officially declared, were observing the government request not to make the conscription plans 
 known. But a short time thereafter, when it became apparent a sufficient number of votes had 
 been pledged in Congress to secure the enactment of the selective service act, Washington author- 
 ities asked the registration boards to enlist the assistance of local newspapers in disseminating 
 information regarding the draft. In that work the newspapers rendered valuable assistance. 
 Return postal cards had been mailed to prospective registrars, and a substantial list of volunteers 
 for each of the 200 districts of the city and the 75 districts of the towns of the county outside of 
 Buffalo had been obtained before the selective service act finally passed both houses of Congress. 
 The measure received the President's signature on May 16th, the day of its passage in the House. 
 Excitement and jubilation everywhere followed. In churches and clubs, at flag ceremonies 
 and civic dinners, in speech and song and cheers, the spirit of an aroused patriotism made 
 itself felt. 
 
 In his proclamation the President called on all male citizens of the United States between the 
 ages of 21 and 31, except officers and enlisted men of the Army, Navy, and Marines and those 
 in the Regular Army reserve officers' corps and various other military and naval reserve organiza- 
 tions, to register in their home precincts on June 5th. It was provided that the registration 
 booths should be open between the hours of 7 A. M. and 9 P. M. on that day. Provision was 
 made for the enrollment of those who were sick, and necessary steps were taken to register in- 
 mates of jails, penitentiaries and insane asylums; in fact, no male of the announced military age 
 was overlooked, no matter what might be the condition of his health or his social standing, 
 the width or the restriction of his liberty. The President further provided that those 
 who were absent from their home precincts on the fifth day of June might present them- 
 selves to the city or town clerk of any city or town and fill out a registration card, the card 
 to be forwarded to the city clerk or county clerk of the city or county in which the regis- 
 trant claimed permanent abode. These cards were to be forwarded at a time which would 
 provide for the receipt of the same at the registrant's home district prior to June 5th, and 
 the office of the City Clerk, by reason of those registrations, became a beehive of activity 
 for a ten-day period preceding. 
 
 Throughout that period the members of the registration boards in the city and county and their 
 clerical assistants worked day and night. 
 
 Henry J. Collins, a clerk in the Sheriff's office, served as clerk of the County Board. 
 
 An allotment of 50,000 registration cards was sent to Buffalo, and another of about 15,000 to 
 the County Board. The estimate of the statisticians in Washington placed the probable regis- 
 tration for Buffalo at 40,000. In addition, 10,000 cards were furnished for registrations prior to 
 June 5th. For the purpose of systematically reaching the registrars, the 2,000 volunteers in the 
 city were divided into groups within police precincts. In the County the Supervisors carried 
 
 { 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 75 
 
 out the work of organization. Full instructions had been received by telegraph* as to the quali- 
 fications of the men to be chosen as registrars, and it had been determined to employ men at a 
 per diem rate if a sufficient number of suitable volunteers could not be obtained. In all the army 
 of 2,000 men in the city, and at least 500 in the towns, who finally performed the work no one 
 would accept financial recompense for his services. 
 
 Under a program arranged by the City Board of Registration the registrars were invited by 
 the Mayor to meet at the precinct station nearest their respective homes at a time indicated in 
 a letterf sent to each one by the Mayor. They were met at the appointed time and places by 
 deputies from the City Clerk's office, who became known as the flying squad. That squad was 
 made up of exceptionally efficient men, including James Mockler and John Riley, warrant clerks 
 in the City Clerk's Department; Thomas Lawley, member of the Erie County Board of Super- 
 visors; Frank Love, agent for a brick manufacturing concern, and Edward Ryan, a real estate 
 salesman. The vast amount of clerical work in preparing and issuing identification cards for the 
 registrars, securing their signatures to oath blanks, making the necessary record of their respec- 
 tive booth assignments and distributing printed pamphlets of instructions, was handled by that 
 squad. The members of the Registration Board, accompanied by Chief of Police Martin, fol- 
 lowed the clerical force from station house to station house. The officials arrived about the 
 time the clerks left. Thorough instruction was given to the prospective registrars by City Clerk 
 Sweeney, and Mayor Fuhrmann then administered the oath of office to the hundreds of men 
 present and impressed upon them in a short address, f the responsibility they were taking and their 
 obligation in the work they had so generously volunteered to perform. Two, and sometimes 
 three, stations were covered in a night, and the course was continued until every one of the 2,000 
 volunteers had received full information concerning a task which, naturally was new to everyone. 
 
 In the light of after events, recalling the remarkable record made by Bufi'alo — the first city 
 in the State to hand in its completed returns — the work of instruction and of organization, and 
 the co-operation obtained, made possible the words of praise which Governor Whitman and 
 others later bestowed upon Buffalo for its efficiency in the labors of registration. 
 
 *STATE OF NEW YORK 
 
 The Adjutant General's Office 
 Albany 
 From: The Adjutant General. May 14th, 1917. 
 
 To: Hon. Louis P. Fuhrmann, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Subject: Registration of Persons for Federal Draft. 
 
 1. The attention of all local boards of registration is invited to the following extracts from the revised Regulations of the Bureau of the Pro- 
 vost Marshal General relative to registrars, a complete copy of which will be sent you as soon as available: 
 
 "Registrars must be competent clerks, whose handwriting is neat and legible. 
 
 "Registrars shall be selected with regard to their qualifications for the duties prescribed herein. 
 
 "Registrars should be residents of the precincts for which they are appointed, and they should be persons who have lived long enough in those 
 precincts to be well acquainted with the inhabitants thereof. 
 
 "Registrars must be citizens of the United States or persons (not alien enemies) who have declared their intention to become citizens of the 
 United States." 
 
 2. Certain sheriffs have also called attention to the difficulty in complying with the provisions of the regulations that the registration cards 
 must be delivered by the Chief Registrar to the Executive Officer of the Registration Board. This matter has been submitted to Washington 
 for the decision of the Provost Marshal General, by this office, and the ruling has been made that the regulations must be strictly followed. 
 
 (Signed) Louis W. Stotesbury, 
 
 Adjutant General. 
 tCITY OF BUFFALO 
 Mayor's Office 
 Louis P. Fuhrmann, Mayor Buffalo, May 21st, 1917. 
 
 My Dear Sir: 
 
 The Government requires that all those who are to serve as registrars in the various polling places of the city on June 5th in connection with 
 the Federal registration shall take an oath of office to support the Constitution of the United States and faithfully perform, on that day, such 
 duties as may fall to them. 
 
 I have set May 26th, 8.00 P. M., at No. 8 Police Station, Fillmore Avenue, as the time and place for administering this oath. No one can 
 serve his country in this registration work unless he has taken the oath of office. Knowing your willingness and desire to serve, I respectfully 
 urge that you be present on time at the PLACE above mentioned, when full instructions for the work will be given you. 
 
 I wish to thank you at this time for the generous spirit you have shown in volunteering your services for the taking of this registration. I am 
 advised by the President of the United States that he desires the names of all those who take the oath and perform the duties of registrar in order 
 that the government may express its appreciation of your service. And at a later date, in a formal and public way, as Mayor of the city, I hope 
 to convey to you a just estimate of the city's indebtedness to you, and give expression to my personal gratitude, for the services you are so gen- 
 erously and patriotically to render. 
 
 With assurances of my kindest personal regards, believe me Very cordially yours, 
 
 L. P. Fuhrmann, Mayor. 
 JGentlemen: 
 
 In expressing to you for the City of Buffalo my appreciation of the patriotic spirit which inspires you to take this solemn obligation upon your- 
 selves rnay I say that in due course you will also receive an acknowledgment of commendation from the President of the United States for your 
 loyalty in performing this service to our country in this hour of great national need. 
 
 I have no word, and no man has, that can adequately portray the importance of the duty devolving upon you in gathering the names of the 
 oung men between the ages of 21 and 30 for the selective draft on the 5th of June. Certainly this responsible duty is far-reaching in its scope, 
 and upon its faithful and complete performance depends our military success subsequent to the draft. 
 
76 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER XXII 
 TONY MONANCO BY NAME: WATER BOY BY OCCUPATION 
 
 WHILE the organization for June 5th was in progress, the actual work of registering thou- 
 sands of non-residents was going on night and day at the City Hall. Many extra clerks 
 were employed to meet the rush. It was all a new idea with workers and registrants alike. 
 And it was a good-natured throng which daily and nightly filled that office. The spacious room 
 often rang with hearty laughter over some of the answers given by registrants. 
 
 A diminutive Italian, Tony Monanco by name, water boy by occupation, presented himself at 
 the office early one morning. 
 
 A clerk at the desk, his eyes still clouded — their hours of rest were not long in those days — not 
 recognizing the young man as a possible registrant said : 
 
 "What can I do for you?" 
 
 "Ma name Tony Monanco. In dees countra seex months. Gimme da gun." 
 
 Had Tony descended from a passenger on the good ship Mayflower he could scarcely have 
 been more intensely American. He exemplified the spirit which was found in all classes, even 
 those who had not reached the initial point on the road to American citizenship. 
 
 Not all at first blush, however, were able to see their duty. An example of that class was 
 presented by a grocery boy who had driven to the City Hall in his employer's wagon. He had 
 answered all the questions until the clerk asked him if he desired to claim exemption from the 
 draft. 
 
 "What's that?" he queried. 
 
 "Is there any reason why you shouldn't go to war in case you are called by Uncle Sam?" said 
 the clerk. 
 
 "Who th' h — 1 would drive the horse?" was the somewhat apprehensive answer. 
 
 The clerk expressed the belief that the young man would probably have to ask the captain of 
 his company about that. 
 
 A photographer wrote to the City Clerk advising him that he would be busy with June weddings 
 on June 5th and that some other day would have to be set for the registration as he positively 
 could not appear on June 5th. 
 
 The conscientious objector usually claimed exemption by saying: "I am against legalized 
 murder in any form. If the United States wishes to carry on war, let it do so with men who 
 believe in fighting, I do not." 
 
 The task of registering the vast number who appeared in the days immediately preceding 
 June 5th was not an easy one, and, on several occasions, faithful clerks toppled over at their 
 desks from exhaustion. Those were wonderful days about the City Hall. Not only registrants, 
 but spectators, crowded the corridors of the big building, every one interested in the work that 
 was going on, all realizing that a strange reversal had come over America's dream of unending 
 peace and absolute aloofness from foreign affairs. It was a new atmosphere. The people in 
 the corridors seemed to have hopped right out of some book of ancient history when nations and 
 tribesmen, forgetting all else, concentrated their forces for war. 
 
 The even-tempered course we had followed for years had ended. Yesterday was gone forever. 
 As the registration work advanced it grew more systematic and was more efficiently handled. 
 On May 15th both the city and county boards reported to Albany they had completed all arrange- 
 ments. Their report was in the hands of the officials at Washington before the draft law was 
 passed in Congress. On May 18th the President issued the proclamation designating June 5th 
 as registration day. Major Turgeon and his aides, Mayor Fuhrmann and the other members 
 of the Registration Board held frequent meetings, but, for the most part, the immense organiza- 
 tion formed for the registration task simply marked time until the coming of June 5th. School 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 77 
 
 Scene at a Buffalo Playground 
 
 School children reflect in their exercises the predominant sentiment of the hour 
 
 teachers and school principals volunteered for service with the registration boards to assist wher- 
 ever they were needed. Rural mail carriers tendered their services to Chairman Stengel for work 
 in the towns and gave valuable aid in perfecting the town registration. Erie County, from 
 center to circumference plainly showed at that period its zeal and its fervor. 
 
78 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER XXIII 
 
 I AM AN AMERICAN 
 
 IN the days intervening between June 1st and 5th, churches, societies, clubs and Hke organiza- 
 tions sounded a patriotic call from pulpit and banquet board. Class, creed and color rapidly 
 lost distinction. In those days, from early morn until late we saw only, alone, above every- 
 thing else, a mass of stars, in a field of blue with flaming red and white stripes. Speakers of the 
 hour painted the picture of a thoroughly united America. An illuminating schoolhouse incident 
 of that June day tells the whole story: 
 
 At a meeting of the school children, one boy, a descendant of native Americans, spoke as 
 follows : 
 
 "I am an American. My father belongs to the Sons of the Revolution; my mother belongs to the Colonial Dames. One of my ancestors 
 pitched tea overboard in Boston Harbor; another stood his ground with Warren; another hungered with Washington at Valley Forge. My fore- 
 fathers were American in the making; they spoke in America's council halls; they died on her battlefields; they commanded her ships; they cleared 
 her forests. Dawns reddened and paled. Staunch hearts of mine beat fast at each new star in the Nation's flag. Keen eyes of mine foresaw 
 her greater glory; the sweep of her seas, the plenty of her plains, the man-hives in her billion-wired cities. Every drop of blood in me holds a her- 
 itage of patriotism. I am proud of my past. I am an American." 
 
 Then a foreign-born boy arose and said : 
 
 "I am an American. My father was an atom of dust; my mother was a straw in the wind to His Serene Majesty. One of my ancestors 
 died in the mines of Siberia; another was crippled for life by twenty blows of the knout; another was killed defending his home during the mas- 
 sacres. The history of my ancestors is a trail of blood to the palace gate of the Great White Czar. But then the dream came — the dream of 
 America. In the light of Liberty's torch the atom of dust became a man and the straw in the wind became a woman for the first time. 'See,' said 
 my father, pointing to the flag that fluttered near, 'That flag of stars and stripes is yours; it is the emblem of the promised land. It means, 
 my son, the hope of humanity. Live for it, die for it'. Under the open sky of my new country I swore to do so; and every drop of blood in me 
 will keep that vow. I am proud of my future. I am an American." 
 
 Flag-raising fever ran riot in those days and every factory and shop, every railroad and 
 steamboat line, every club and church and society had its flag and its flag unfolding cere- 
 
 I Am An American 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 79 
 
 Scene at Police Headquarters Registering Alien Enemies Under Supervision of Government Authorities 
 
 mony. In every Episcopalian church throughout the diocese of Western New York, a 
 prayer* was read on Sunday, June 3d, containing an appeal to the Almighty Ruler of men that 
 the youth of the Nation might clearly see its duty and unhesitatingly make the sacrifices it was 
 about to be called upon to make. 
 
 At the 25th annual reunion banquet of Buffalo Consistory, Scottish Rite Masons, held a few 
 days prior to registration day, Commander George K, Staples, as toastmaster, dispatched a tele- 
 gram to President Wilson, saying: 
 
 "Scottish Rite Masons of Buffalo Consistory in annual convention here assembled, pledge to their country, its 
 flag and its President their unswerving support and loyalty." 
 
 The toil of the preparedness workers was now bearing fruit. From store and shop and the 
 professions men and women, boys and girls, poured out, aglow with enthusiasm and the spirit of 
 sacrifice. 
 
 *"Almighty God, Who by thine indwelling Presence didst enable our fathers to conceive a nation founded in liberty, and didst give them 
 strength to toil and suffer and die that democracy might live, we thank Thee for the glorious example of their courage and steadfastness and for 
 the witness they bore to Thy Truth. And we pray Thee to grant to us their sons such a clearness of vision, such loyalty to Thee that we may 
 never be false to our heritage but may nurture it with our whole hearted toil and ungrudging sacrifice. We pray especially for the youth of our 
 country, that they may at this time especially recognize the privilege of serving the ideal, and with glad hearts and noble courage may offer 
 themselves in this hour of their nation's need. And to us all grant such a measure of Thy grace that giving ourselves and our substance without 
 stint, we in our generation may fulfill Thy will in the establishment of justice and brotherhooi upon the earth forever. We ask it all in the 
 name of Him who died for the truth, Thy Son Jestis Christ our Lord. Amen." 
 
I 
 
 80 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER XXIV 
 REGISTRATION DAY, JUNE 5th, 1917. 
 
 JUNE 5th, 1917, came and went, like all June 5ths prior thereto, but on that particu- 
 lar June 5th the Nation heard the heartbeat of patriotism as never before. From 
 the first blush of day until a tired organization, late at night, filed its final reports in the 
 City Clerk's office at the City Hall, the city's throng crowded about the registration booths; 
 one portion of the population to place their names on the list from whence Uncle Sam could call 
 them, the other portion to assist the first or applaud them in that effort. The thrill of the hour 
 found a response in the recruiting stations where many above and below the conscription age 
 put their signatures to enlistment blanks. The downtown section of the city was deserted in 
 the early hours of the day, but, as the afternoon grew on, groups of applauding enthusiasts could 
 be seen on Main, Niagara, Broadway and other prominent thoroughfares cheering the flag, the Presi- 
 dent and the boys who were then offering to their country their services, and their lives if need be. 
 
 General Crowd er, in his report to the Secretary of War,* paid a tribute to the splendid organi- 
 zation formed throughout the Nation to carry out the registration plan, and Governor Whitman, 
 on a visit to Buffalo a few days after the registration, expressed his delight in the fact that Buffalo 
 had led all cities of the State and "probably of the Nation" in making a complete return on its 
 work. He complimented the citizens of Buffalo, the Mayor and his associates on their achievement. 
 
 Under the terms of the original proclamation, the city had been divided into sixteen districts 
 containing a population of approximately 30,000 each. These districts were made up of con- 
 tiguous wards and were known as the local exemption districts. It was contemplated to have 
 the Mayor name a district board of three members for each of these districts. The towns of the 
 County were divided into four districts of about 30,000 each, and the Sheriff had named a board 
 for each district. Suddenly that plan was altered, and the members of the exemption boards 
 were nominated by the political organizations. As a consequence the work of the Registration 
 Boards ended earlier than had been anticipated. Their duties were concluded by a telegram from 
 the Adjutant General on July 6th advising those having custody of the registration cards to turn 
 them over to the exemption boards. The telegram also cited the penalty for any failure in the 
 process of exchanging custodial care of the cards. Until the receipt of that telegram the vast 
 army of registration workers were unadvised of the fact that their services being faithfully ren- 
 dered had earned them freedom from penal prosecution. The Boards' light went out abruptly. 
 Mayor Fuhrmann issued a proclamation expressing the city's appreciation of the splendid ser- 
 \ices the registration workers had so patriotically tendered. 
 
 Major Turgeon reported! for the Registration Guard thanking the men who had served under 
 him, expressing to the Mayor his appreciation of the honor conferred and entertaining the hope 
 that the work they performed had proved of service to the Nation. 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 *"It suffices here to say that on the morning of June 5th, a perfectly co-ordinated system which, by the patriotic and devoted co-operation of 
 the officials and citizens of the several States, had been created almost in a fortnight, stood ready to the task. On the evening of that day, prac- 
 tically the entire male population of the United States between the ages of 21 and 30 had presented themselves for enrollment for service, and 
 within 48 hours the returns in the city of Washington were 90 per cent complete. A volume that would read as an epic of patriotic ingenuity 
 and endeavor could be devoted to the story of the registration in many of the States. Seemingly insurmountable difficulties were overcome. 
 The men of the Nation made their first response to the call of national need in a unison that removed all doubt of the solidarity and devotion of 
 our people. The event proved the President's forecast of it. 
 
 "June 5th is destined to become one of the most significant days in American history." 
 
 From report of E. H. Crowder, Provost Marshal General. 
 
 tHEADQUARTERS REGISTRATION GUARD 
 Room 12, City and County Hall 
 Newton E. Turgeon, Chief of Guard Buffalo. June 7th, 1917. 
 
 Hon. Louis P. Fuhrmann, Mayor 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y. 
 Sir: 
 
 I have the honor to report that in accordance with your instructions, as head of the Registration Board, there was formed, in this city, a 
 Registration Guard, consisting of: 
 
 One Chief of Guard: 1 Adjutant and Chief of Aides: 8 Aides; 3 Inspectors; 6 Inspectors' Aides; 27 Ward Captains; 191 Lieutenants (one 
 for each Registration District); 7 Relay Teams of from six to ten men each from the Greater Buffalo Club and the Rotary Club of this city. 
 
 (Continued on next page! 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 81 
 
 PERSONNEL OF REGISTRATION BOARDS 
 
 CITY OF BUFFALO 
 Louis P. Fuhrmann, Chairman 
 Daniel J. Sweeney, Secretary. Francis E. Fronczak, Medical Officer 
 
 COUNTY OF ERIE 
 Edward Stengel, Chairman 
 John H. Meahl, Secretary. Fred M. Boyle, Medical Officer 
 
 REGISTRATION GUARD 
 Chief of Guard — Newton E. Turgeon. 
 Chief of Aides and Adjutant — Ernest G. Hatch. 
 Aides — Cleveland H. Babcock, J. Remsen Bennett, Arthur L. Chambers, Albert J. Chestnut, Frank E. Lahey, 
 
 Albert A. Mason, F. A. G. Merrill, Ward H. McPherson. 
 Inspector, First Division — Captain Alexander R. Robertson. 
 Aides, First Division — Lieut. W. J. Piatt, Lieut. George E. Farthing. 
 Inspector, Second Division — Major G. Barrett Rich, Jr. 
 Aides, Second Division — Milton C. Guggenheimer, Alan Eraser. 
 Inspector, Third Division — Major R. H. Templeton. 
 Aides, Third Division — Capt. George F. Root, Lieut. Ray B. Kurtz. 
 
 WARD CAPTAINS 
 1st Ward— Capt. H.W. Nachbar, 6 Municipal Bldg.; 2d Ward— Capt. J. R. Horton, 1120 Prudential Bldg.; 3d Ward 
 —Capt. E. P. Bacon, 453 Ellicott Square; 4th Ward— Capt. H. P. Bosworth, 419 Chicago Street; 5th Ward— 
 Capt. J. Craig Roberts, 662 Ellicott Square; 6th Ward— Capt. W. C. R. Hazard, 310 German Insurance Bldg.; 
 7th Ward— Capt. F. C. Fornes, 534 Main Street; 8th Ward— Capt. W. M. Wilson, 35 Pearl Street; 9th Ward— 
 Capt. William Kusztelniak, 360 Bristol Street; 10th Ward — Capt. Andrew Kazmierczak, Woltz Avenue and 
 Stanislaus Street; 11th Ward— Capt. John W. Wargin, City Clerk's Office; 12th Ward— Capt. Henry R. Ford; 
 41 Eagle Street; 13th Ward— Capt. J. C. Arbogast, 366 Main Street; 14th Ward— Capt. G. A. Frisch, 443 Gene- 
 see Street; 15th Ward— Capt. S. C. Moss, 170 Franklin Street; 16th Ward— Capt. Joseph W. Becker, 21 South 
 Division Street; 17th Ward— Capt. Clarence MacGregor, 690 Ellicott Square; 18th Ward— Capt. J. M. Overfield, 
 Jr., 43 Boyd Street; 19th Ward— Capt. Frank Gibbons, 102 Erie County Bank Bldg.; 20th Ward— Capt. Frederick 
 H. Holtz, 211 White Bldg.; 21st Ward— Capt. W. W. McElroy, 19 W. Genesee Street; 22d Ward— Capt. Charles 
 R. Hurley, 501 People's Bank Bldg.; 23d Ward— Capt. Walter F. Hofheins, 1212 Prudential Bldg.; 24th Ward— 
 Capt. C. T. Doorty, 746 Seventh Street; 25th Ward— Capt. D. R. Nott, 497 Washington Street; 26th Ward— 
 Capt. William E. Otto, 202 Pearl Street; 27th Ward— Capt. H. C. Elwood, 800 Morgan Bldg. 
 
 An Automobile Service Department with 1 Chief of Automobile Service; 1 Assistant Chief of Automobile Service; 15 Aides; 257 Automobile 
 owners, and in addition 4 Special Service men and 1 Stenographer. 
 
 Accompanying this communication is a compilation showing the personnel of the Guard as above outlined; and in addition, in so far as I am 
 able to give it to you, a list of the names of the men who acted as Registrars in each of the various Districts and Wards of the entire city. This 
 latter compilation is as it came to me from the City Clerk. 
 
 It will be interesting to you, I am sure, to be advised that all of the above service was rendered voluntarily and without remuneration of any 
 kind or character. 
 
 In completing this tour of duty, I would feel that I had failed in one of the most important portions of my work, if I neglected to refer to the 
 wonderful (as it was nothing else) support and co-operation and the everywhere apparent spirit of loyalty and patriotism, which pervaded the 
 whole organization, and prompted every man connected with it. 
 
 To attempt to present to you separately the work of the various individuals, would be a task difficult of performance and would probably 
 weary you, but I feel so strongly with reference to the particular service rendered by Mr. Ernest G. Hatch, Adjutant and Chief of Aides; together 
 with the twelve men under him, the work of Mr. Mason B. Hatch, Chief of Automobile Service, Mr. Edward W. Case. Assistant Chief of Auto- 
 mobile Service, and the fifteen aides working under them, and also that of Mr. John J. Sly, that I can not fail to at least mention them especially 
 here. 
 
 I feel it a further duty to call to your attention the fact that the New York Telephone Company and the Federal Telephone Company rendered 
 prompt and competent service throughout the day, the Federal Company even agreeing to frank the messages over their line. 
 
 I thank you for the honor conferred upon me in calling me into this service, and I am more than repaid if the work which has been done has 
 been of service to my country, and satisfactory to you as its representative. 
 
 Respectfully, 
 
 N. E. Turgeon, Chief of Guard. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 83 
 
 CHAPTER XXV 
 TWENTY EXEMPTION DISTRICTS FOR ERIE COUNTY 
 
 WHILE the Selective Service Bill was still pending in Congress, plans were made to put the 
 law in operation. It had been General Crowder's intention to utilize the registration 
 mechanism for the selection. Changes inserted in the bill, however, required consider- 
 able readjustment of the registration system. Under the original plan appointments were to 
 be made by the Governor on the recommendation of the Mayors of cities and the Sheriffs of 
 counties. The change in the law required the President to make the appointments, but the 
 recommendations and the general control of the law's operation were left to the several States. 
 In some States the registration machinery was utilized, but a new plan was evolved in New York 
 State, and in many others. The men nominated by Mayor Fuhrmann and by Sheriff Stengel 
 were never formally submitted for appointment. Instead, the actual nomination of the men 
 for service on the exemption boards locally was made by the leaders of the two dominant political 
 parties. The Democratic organization named one member of the Board and the Republican 
 organization named another. The State Department of Health named the third — the medical 
 member. The political complexion of the boards was in accord with that of the State, 
 but no question of partisan or party politics entered into the disposition of cases, and 
 in all the thousands of disputed claims, no charge of political favoritism nor political dis- 
 crimination was ever raised. The record was surprisingly and exceptionally free from such 
 criticism. 
 
 The change had come so quickly from nomination by the Mayor to designation by the political 
 organizations, the latter did not have time to inquire into the availability of draft board nominees, 
 and many were chosen who immediately found it impossible or undesirable to serve. Criticism 
 naturally arose over the method, and some of the newspapers were exceptionally sharp in their 
 comments. As the machinery moved into operation, however, and the board members began 
 to groan under the volume of work heaped upon them, the censure changed to sympathy and soon 
 auxiliary bodies of various kinds sprang into existence to render aid in carrying out the draft 
 regulations. 
 
 The areas of jurisdiction of the local boards were the same as those of originally contemplated 
 registration boards. One board of three members was named for each of the sixteen city and 
 the four county exemption districts. Local boards were given original jurisdiction of all claims 
 for exemption or discharge except those on the ground of engagement in industry and agriculture, 
 cognizance of which was vested in what was known as district boards. The territory of these 
 was co-extensive with the Federal judicial district. From the local board the right of appeal to 
 the district board was provided, but the decision of the latter in all matters within the original 
 province of the local boards was final. From matters disposed of by the district boards 
 appeal could be taken to the President. The principal questions to be decided by the 
 local boards were those of physical fitness and dependency. The regulations permitted the 
 exemption of any man who had a wife, a child, aged mother or father, depending solely 
 upon him for support. This question, from the point of view of the government, involved 
 circumstances of domestic relation which required the sympathetic consideration of the 
 neighbors of the registrant. The personnel of the local boards was authorized and urged 
 to be selected with reference to their environment rather than to their professions or 
 callings. 
 
 On July 2d the appointment of the Buffalo and Erie County boards was announced by the 
 Governor, but the appointments had apparently been made somewhat earlier. 
 
 The following list contains the names of those originally appointed and the length of their ser- 
 vices; also those named to fill vacancies: 
 
84 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Local Board No. 1, City of Buffalo: 
 
 Keller, Andrew J., 754 Seneca Street, Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Healy, Michael J., Secretary, appointed 
 June 23, 1917; Lynch, Charles V., 700 South Division Street, Secretary, appointed July 14, 1917, vice Michael J. 
 Healy, resigned; Allen, Dr. Thomas G., 439 Elk Street, appointed June 23, 1917. 
 
 Local Board No. 2, City of Buffalo: 
 
 Harris, Elmer E., 22 Maurice Street, Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Coughlin, Timothy P., 18 Kenefick 
 Avenue, Secretary, appointed June 23, 1917; Villaume, Dr. Edw. L., 508 South Park Avenue, appointed June 
 23, 1917; Woodruff, Dr. John V., 1824 Seneca Street, appointed August 19, 1918, vice Dr. Edward Villaume, 
 resigned. 
 
 Local Board No. 3, City of Buffalo: 
 
 Bruso, Dr. C. Frank, 146 Dorchester Road, Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Willert, Charles S., 504 Broad- 
 way, appointed June 23, 1917; Durr, Abram, 276 Jefferson Street, appointed July 12, 1917, vice Charles S. Wil- 
 lert, resigned; Endres, Edward J., 324 Pine Street, appointed June 23, 1917; Healy, Michael J., appointed July 
 14, 1917, vice E. J. Endres, resigned; Endres, Edward J., 324 Pine Street, appointed February 23, 1918, vice 
 Michael J. Healy, deceased. 
 
 Local Board No. 4, City of Buffalo: 
 
 Yox, John, 606 William Street, Chairman, appointed July 21, 1917; Duffy, John, 233 Bristol Street, appointed; 
 Ditchler, John, 870 Clinton Street, appointed, vice John Duffy, resigned; Theobald, Fred W., 150 Emslie Street, 
 Secretary, appointed March 18, 1918, vice John Ditchler, resigned; Roberts, Dr. George F., 281 Emslie Street, 
 appointed June 23, 1917. 
 
 Local Board No. 5, City of Buffalo: 
 
 Burzynski, Frank S., 591 Fillmore Avenue, Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Dorasewicz, Boleslaw, Secretary, 
 appointed June 23, 1917; Smokowski, Peter B., 875 Fillmore Avenue, appointed Secretary July 12, 1917, vice 
 Boleslaw Dorasewicz, resigned; Lustig, Dr. Emil, 553 Fillmore Avenue, appointed June 23, 1917. 
 
 Local Board No. 6, City of Buffalo: 
 
 Rahl, Henry J., 254 Main Street, Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Jerge, Henry F., appointed June 23, 1917; 
 McCue, Daniel J., appointed December 20, 1917, vice Henry F. Jerge, resigned; Jerge, Henry F., 803 Humboldt 
 Parkway, appointed Secretary, vice Daniel J. McCue, resigned; Bentz, Dr. C. A., 84 Orange Street, appointed 
 June 23, 1917. 
 
 Local Board No. 7, City of Buffalo: 
 
 Wedekindt, Ernst, 5 Walden Avenue, appointed Chairman June 23, 1917; Maloney, Thomas F., appointed 
 January 14, 1918, vice Ernst Wedekindt, resigned; Riehl, Charles, appointed January 21, 1918, vice Thomas F. 
 Maloney, resigned; Woltz, Charles J., appointed February 23, 1918, vice Charles Riehl, resigned; Wedekindt, 
 Ernst, 5 Walden Avenue, appointed March 15, 1918, vice Charles J. Woltz, resigned; Lambrix, Charles A., 1074 
 Fillmore Avenue, Secretary, appointed June 23, 1917; Hengerer, Dr. A. W., 441 Pratt Street, appointed June 
 23, 1917. 
 
 Local Board No. 8, City of Buffalo: 
 
 Nixon, James L., 232 Sumner Place, Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Joslyn, Edward E., 614 Walden Avenue, 
 Secretary, appointed June 23, 1917; Charters, Dr. J. W., 540 Walden Avenue, appointed June 23, 1917. 
 
 Local Board No. 9, City of Buffalo: 
 
 Kloten, Cassius W., 25 Glenwood Avenue, Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Ulrich, Charles, appointed Sec- 
 retary June 23, 1917; Bagley, Frederick G., appointed July 12, 1917, vice Charles Ulrich, resigned; Fix, Charles 
 J., 629 Ellicott Street, appointed July 23, 1917, vice Frederick G. Bagley, resigned; Kessel, John A., 16 South- 
 ampton Street, appointed August 29, 1917, vice Charles J. Fix, resigned; Meidenbauer, Dr. J. G., 291 Maple 
 Street, appointed June 23, 1917. 
 
 Local Board No. 10, City of Buffalo: 
 
 Fechter, Louis, Sr., 1150 Bailey Avenue, Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Mathew, Thomas, 269 North 
 Ogden Street, Secretary, appointed June 23, 1917; State, Joseph N., 1226 Bailey Avenue, Secretary, appointed 
 July 20, 1917, vice Thomas Mathew, resigned; Cunningham, William P., 1222 Bailey Avenue, Secretary, ap- 
 pointed August 1, 1918, vice Joseph N. State, resigned; Thoma, Dr. Fridolin, 1072 Lovejoy Street, appointed 
 June 23, 1917. 
 
 Local Board No. 11, City of Buffalo: 
 
 Paulis, Peter, Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Beuchi, William C, 2094 Genesee Street, Chairman, appointed 
 July 21, 1917, vice Peter Paulis, resigned; Tischendorf, Carl, Secretary, appointed June 23, 1917; Reickert, 
 Charles A., 214 Sprenger Street, Secretary, appointed June 24, 1918, vice Carl Tischendorf, resigned; Mehnert, 
 Dr. R. C, appointed June 23, 1917; Trotter, Dr. Homer A., 16 Kehr Street, appointed July 20, 1917, vice Dr. 
 R. C. Mehnert, resigned. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 85 
 
 .■ '> ' 
 
 Training the School Boys 
 
86 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Local Board No. 12, City of Buffalo: 
 
 Smith, Jacob F., 55 Eastwood Place, Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Hahl, Charles A., 153 Jewett Avenue, 
 Chairman, appointed September 30, 1918, vice Jacob F. Smith, resigned; Bennett, Leslie J., 1745 Amherst Street, 
 Secretary, appointed June 23, 1917; Lapp, Ervin A., 12 Parker Avenue, Secretary, appointed January 31, 1917, 
 vice Leslie J. Bennett, resigned; Westinghouse, Dr. G. H., 2830 Main Street, appointed June 23, 1917; Gregory, 
 Dr. Joseph A., 158 Wallace Avenue, appointed March 27, 1918, vice Dr. G. H. Westinghouse, resigned. 
 
 Local Board No. 13, City of Buffalo: 
 
 Tovey, Alfred E., 1724 Niagara Street, Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Humphrey, William J., 359 Dear- 
 born Street, Secretary, appointed June 23, 1917; McKee, Dr. 0. S., appointed June 23, 1917; Hoffman, Dr. 
 H. C, appointed July 12, 1917, vice Dr. 0. S. McKee, resigned; Frudnowski, Dr. Joseph F., appointed July 20, 
 1917, vice Dr. H. C. Hoffman, resigned; Urbanski, Dr. N. A. J., 472 Amherst Street, appointed November 24, 
 1917, vice Dr. Joseph F. Frudnowski, resigned. 
 
 Local Board No. 14, City of Buffalo: 
 
 Haffa, Elias, 265 Maryland Street, Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Oppenheimer, Jesse, Graystone Hotel, 
 Secretary, appointed June 23, 1917; Bresnahan, James J., Touraine Hotel, Secretary, appointed March 22, 1918, 
 vice Jesse Oppenheimer, resigned: Briggs, Dr. A. H., Hotel Buckingham, appointed June 23, 1917. 
 
 Local Board No. 15, City of Buffalo: 
 
 Francis, George F., 245 Lafayette Avenue, Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Conway, William F., 720 Pros- 
 pect Avenue, Secretary, appointed June 23, 1917; Frost, Dr. E. L., 212 Massachusetts Avenue, appointed June 
 23, 1917; Clements, Dr. Charles A., 420 Richmond Avenue, appointed August 14, 1918, vice Dr. E. L. Frost, 
 resigned. 
 
 Local Board No. 16, City of Buffalo: 
 
 Reilley, William W., 408 Brisbane Building, Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Trible, Walter P., Chairman, 
 appointed February 23, 1918, vice W. W. Reilley, resigned; Reilley, William W., 408 Brisbane Building, Chair- 
 man, appointed April 4, 1918, vice Walter P. Trible, resigned; Hull, John M., 124 Lexington Avenue, Chairman, 
 appointed August 26, 1918, vice William W. Reilley, resigned; Wettlaufer, Conrad E., Secretary, appointed June 
 23, 1917; Yates, Harry, 1243 Delaware Avenue, Secretary, appointed July 21, 1917, vice Conrad E. Wettlaufer, 
 resigned; Thompson, Dr. J. C, 666 Auburn Avenue, appointed June 23, 1917. 
 
 Local Board No. 1, County of Erie: 
 
 Patton, John K., Tonawanda, N. Y., Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Briggs, Maxwell E., Lackawanna, 
 N. Y., Secretary, appointed June 23, 1917; Trevett, Dr. Ira P., Lackawanna, N. Y., appointed June 23, 1917. 
 
 Local Board No. 2, County op Erie: 
 
 Pierce, Daniel C, 82 Pierce Avenue, Hamburg, N. Y., Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Schlehr, John W., 
 Secretary, appointed June 23, 1917; Thorn, Perry M., Secretary, appointed July 11, 1918, vice John W. Schlehr, 
 resigned; Schlehr, John W., West Seneca, N. Y., Secretary, appointed July 22, 1918, vice Perry M. Thorn, re- 
 signed; Flemming, Dr. Theo. E., Gardenville, N. Y., appointed June 23, 1917. 
 
 Local Board No. 3, County of Erie: 
 
 Law, Benedict W., Collins, N. Y., Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Woodward, Ira C, Secretary, appointed 
 June 23, 1917; DeWitt, C. Reilley, Hudson, N. Y., Secretary, appointed July 21, 1917, vice Ira C. Woodward, 
 resigned; Place, Fred E., Gowanda, N. Y., Secretary, appointed June 23, 1917, vice C. Reilley DeWitt, resigned; 
 Ward, Dr. Walden M., North Collins, N. Y., appointed June 23, 1917. 
 
 Local Board No. 4, County op Erie: 
 
 Davis, George A., Lancaster, N. Y., Chairman, appointed June 23, 1917; Dickerson, James H., Akron, N. Y., 
 Secretary, appointed June 23, 1917; Helwig, Dr. F. A., Akron, N. Y., appointed June 23, 1917. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
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BRANT 
 
 SARDINIA 
 
 COLLINS 
 
 THE M.-N, WORKS, BUFFALO, 
 
 SELECTIVE SERVICE 
 EXEMPTION DISTRICTS 
 
 OF 
 
 ERIE COUNTY 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 89 
 
 UNCLE SAM'S WORD TO DRAFT BOARD MEMBERS 
 
 WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 Office of the Provost Marshal Geveral 
 
 Washington 
 
 July 26, 1917. 
 To Members of Local Boards: 
 
 YOU are entering on a difficult task, the gravity of which is beyond anything 
 that can be said in the way of discussion. You reahze the significance of what 
 you are to do, and you know that a responsibiUty, heavier perhaps than any 
 you have ever faced, is upon you. 
 
 War demands individual sacrifice to the common cause. No people ever ap- 
 proached war with a calmer appreciation of that sacrifice or a firmer resolve to 
 bear it and to present themselves "to be classified for service in the place to which 
 it shall best serve the common good to call them." This calm determination 
 could not exist were it not for the confidence of the nation in its institutions. In 
 this public confidence is found the very spirit of the Selective Service Law. The 
 most sacred rights of country, home, and family are entrusted for adjudication to 
 local citizens and officials, nominated by State Governors and appointed by the 
 President. The most equitable rules that could be devised have been prescribed 
 for guidance, and the administration of these rules and the sacrifice that is offered 
 by your neighbors is entrusted to your hands. 
 
 From every one is demanded a sacrifice. But there is one thought to be kept 
 always in your mind. The selected man offers his life. There is no greater giving 
 than this; and that thought should guide you always. There may be a few who 
 will urge upon you claims for exemption or discharge that, whatever may be your 
 inclinations of sympathy or affection, you will know ought not to be granted. It 
 will strengthen you to remember that for every exemption or discharge that is made 
 for individual convenience, or to escape personal loss of money or property, or for favor 
 or affection, some other man whose time would not otherwise have come, must incur 
 the risk of losing his life. 
 
 You are not a court for the adjustment of differences between two persons in con- 
 troversy. You are agents of the Government, engaged in selecting men for the 
 Government and there is no controversy. You, acting for the Government, 
 are to investigate each case in the interests of the Nation, and never in the interests of 
 an individual. There is not one exemption or discharge in the law or regulations 
 that is put there for the benefit of any individual. All are there for the benefit of 
 the Nation and to the end that "the whole Nation may be a team in which each 
 man shall play the part for which he is best fitted." 
 
 There should be no rules like those of court procedure, no technical rules of evi- 
 dence. You should proceed to investigate cases about which you are not satis- 
 fied exactly as you, as an individual, would proceed to inform yourself of any fact 
 about which you are in doubt. 
 
 Last of all, it is important to say a word about your own sacrifice. The place 
 to which you have been called is one which no man would seek save in the per- 
 formance of one of the highest of patriotic duties. 
 
 The Nation needs men, and needs them quickly. The hours will then be long 
 and the work absorbing. The duty is always to take and never to give, and human 
 nature is such there will be little praise and some blame. The sacrifice of many of 
 those whose cases are to be decided is no greater than that of the men who are to 
 decide them; and your only reward must be the knowledge that, at great personal 
 sacrifice, you are rendering your country an indispensable service in a matter of 
 the utmost moment. 
 
 E. H. Crowder, 
 
 Provost Marshal General. 
 
90 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER XXVI 
 EXEMPTION DISTRICT MACHINERY IN OPERATION 
 
 THE quota for Buffalo and the other cities and towns of the county was allocated by Gov- 
 ernor Whitman on July 24th. Buffalo was called upon to produce 4,204 men, and the bal- 
 ance of the county 1,461. Regulations and instructions required each board immediately 
 to call before it for physical examination, in the order of their liability, a sufficient number of 
 registrants to procure about one-half of the first quota of the board. Under the conditions which 
 obtained each registrant was required to present his claim for exemption within seven days from 
 the date he was called. In the absence of such a claim the registrant was deemed to have waived 
 his right to make a claim. Boards had been instructed that no exemption authorized in the selec- 
 tive service law was intended for the direct benefit of an individual and that every such exemption 
 
 Mason Hatch's Flying Squadron 
 Scene in front of City Hall during the registration period 
 
 was for the sole benefit of the Government. Very generally that principle was observed through- 
 out the entire period of the draft law, and especially so in those earlier days of its operation. In 
 the arduous time to come the board members could more readily pick out the good from the bad, 
 the true from the false in the mass of evidence and affidavits constantly piling up before them. 
 
 The work of the draft boards had not proceeded far when it became apparent that the claims 
 for exemption on the ground of dependency were dangerously large. The Senate, in passing the 
 bill, had debated at length the question of whether or not married men should be exempted as such. 
 On that point the Senate voted negatively. Dependency, to secure exemption, would have to be 
 proved. Accordingly, married men came forward with their claims. Some claimed exemption 
 whose wives were taking in washing, doing laundry work, to support themselves, their children 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 91 
 
 and worthless husbands — now cringing registrants. Men of considerable wealth, in occasional 
 instances, and husbands who had not lived with their wives for years, were among the number 
 to claim exemption on the ground of their wives being "mainly dependent on their daily labor for 
 support." On August 8th, the Provost Marshal General, in an endeavor to relieve the trouble and 
 danger of that situation, ruled that in the class of cases where the registrant, as a matter of fact, 
 had a wife not depending on his daily labors for support, and the parents of the registrant or of 
 his wife were ready, able and willing to undertake the support of the wife during the absence of 
 the husband, the boards were justified in finding such a registrant had not a good claim for ex- 
 emption on the ground of dependency. 
 
 Local Board Sixteen, because it had within its confines the wealthiest portions of the city, 
 found itself in a peculiar situation. From such homes as abounded in its districts, more married 
 men, probably, were called under these first rules, than elsewhere in the city. Naturally some 
 dissatisfaction resulted. Lengthy affidavits were submitted, tending to show dependency where 
 public opinion had long supposed none existed. The local board members, in an effort to decide 
 every case on the same basis, confined themselves strictly to the regulations, as in fact they had 
 no choice but to do. The board was confronted with this rule: "Whenever ***** the wife 
 is not left without reasonably adequate support but will receive such support from other sources, 
 there is no dependency rendering discharge advisable." The following classes of cases came 
 within that ruHng: 
 
 First — Where the parents or other relatives of the wife or the husband were able, ready and 
 willing to provide adequate support for her (and children, if any) during the absence of the hus- 
 band. 
 
 Second — Where there existed some arrangement by which salary or wage of husband was con- 
 tinued * * * * 
 
 In addition to the above, the President, being asked to elucidate further, said: "There are 
 undoubtedly many cases * * * of men who are married and yet whose accumulations or other 
 economic surroundings are such that no dependency of the wife exists in fact." Economic sur- 
 roundings such as automobiles, clubs, summer homes, etc., naturally pointed either to "accumu- 
 lations" or to income from parents. In some cases where the income was shown to come from the 
 parents, these parents, in the particular cases referred to, now announced that they were not 
 able, ready and willing to support dependents if the registrant went to war. These people were 
 put on record when the board finally adopted a supplementary affidavit. In this, all registrants 
 claiming exemption were obliged to have both the registrant's and his wife's parents' signature 
 to the affidavit, stating that they were not able, ready and willing to support the dependents of 
 the registrant. In this way, the burden of proof rested upon the registrant and his family to de- 
 clare their position and left no doubt in the minds of the people what their position was. When 
 the registrant furnished these affidavits from the parents, discharge was granted. 
 
 On December 15th, 1917, when the questionnaires were issued, that trouble was overcome by 
 the class system, whereby registrants were put in classes from one to five. Before that time, a 
 man was either accepted or rejected. 
 
 The other feature which gave the boards much trouble was the question of marriages consum- 
 mated after May 18th, 1917. The regulations provided that each case should receive individual 
 attention. Had that been literally lived up to, it would have been absolutely impossible to give 
 satisfaction, because each individual thought his case was good and the others bad. As a result 
 most boards adopted a rule, some knowingly, others instinctively, whereby they held every man 
 who married after May 18th, 1917, as having been aware of the fact that he was drafted and there- 
 fore unqualified to take upon himself dependents. W. W. Reilley, Chairman of Board 16, appeared 
 to be the leader in that determination. The position of his board, in that respect, was fully justi- 
 fied later, when the War Department issued regulations taking practically the same ground. Had 
 the regulations beeen issued sooner they would have saved the local boards a tremendous amount 
 of work. 
 
92 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER XXVII 
 RANN'S APPEAL AGENT VOLUNTEERS 
 
 REALIZING that registrants coming from every walk of life into a new and hopelessly unfamiliar 
 field would require some assistance in properly putting before the boards all the facts essential 
 ' to a reasonable consideration of their individual cases, provision was made for the appointment 
 of government appeal agents. Early in September, 1917, William S. Rann, corporation counsel 
 of Buffalo, received a letter from Adjutant General Stotesbury informing him that by command 
 of the Governor he had been appointed government appeal agent for the City of Buffalo. He 
 was somewhat pointedly referred in that letter to section six of the Selective Service Law which 
 provided, among other things, that if any person charged with the duty of carrying into effect 
 the provisions of the act or the regulations made thereunder should fail or neglect fully to perform 
 any duty required of him, he would be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction be punished 
 by imprisonment for a period of not more than one year, unless he was subject to military law, 
 in which case he would be tried by court martial and suffer such punishment as a court martial 
 might direct. Mr. Rann was not a timid man. He had held public office in Buffalo for a number 
 of years. His duties under a new form of government had become exceedingly extensive, arduous 
 and exacting. Being a fair number of years beyond the military age, he conceived it his duty to 
 "do his bit" in whatever way the government pointed it out to him, and despite the rather har- 
 rowing list of conditional punishments which his letter of appointment contained he took up the 
 new task. First securing authority to appoint an appeal agent for each district in the city, and 
 an additional appeal agent as his associate in the handling of details, he began the work. The 
 appeal agents first named for the several divisions were as follows: 
 
 Girls of School No. 41 Knitting for Soldiers 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 93 
 
 Associate Appeal Agent, Louis J. Voltz. 
 
 First Division, Bart J. Shanahan; Second Division, Harry F. DeCeu; Third Division, Andrew T. Beasley; Fourth 
 Division, Lech T. Niemo; Fifth Division, Leon J. Nowak; Sixth Division, Jacob Kaufman; Seventh Division, J. 
 Neil Mahoney; Eighth Division, Lewis F. Lindal; Ninth Division, Preston M. Albro; Tenth Division, George L. Grobe; 
 Eleventh Division, Raymond C. Voght; Twelfth Division, John V. Maloney; Thirteenth Division, Fred D. Russell; 
 Fourteenth Division, Edward N. Mills; Fifteenth Division, Henry W. Willis; Sixteenth Division, Charles W. Strong. 
 
 Some changes were made afterwards owing to the resignation of several of the appeal agents 
 on account of pressure of other duties, and in some instances because of other war work assumed 
 by them. Mr. Shanahan was succeeded in the first division by James V. Downey. Mr. Beasley 
 was transferred from the third to the fourth division and Harry Lipsitz was appointed in 
 his place for the third division. Shortly after this transfer Mr. Beasley became a successful 
 candidate for member of the Assembly and his place in the fourth division was filled by the ap- 
 pointment of Elmer C. Miller. Mr. Mahoney enHsted in the navy and Charles J. Woltz was 
 chosen in his place for the seventh division. Walter F. Schmieding succeeded Mr. Lindal in the 
 eighth division and in the ninth division Chester McNeil was the successor of Preston M. Albro, 
 who enlisted in the military service. 
 
 Section forty-seven of the regulations provided that it be the duty of appeal agents to appeal 
 from any deferred classification of a local board which in the opinion of the agent should be re- 
 viewed by the district board; to care for the interest of uninformed registrants, and where the 
 decision of a local board was against the interests of such registrants and where it appeared that 
 such registrants would not take appeals, due to their own nonculpable ignorance, to inform them 
 of their rights and assist them to enter appeals to the district board; to investigate and report 
 upon matters which were submitted; to suggest, when advisable, the reopening of any case; to 
 impart to the local boards information which, in the opinion of the appeal agent, ought to be 
 investigated; and, also, to make such suggestions and impart such information, as the case might 
 be, to the district board in order that it might more efficiently exercise its power to instruct local 
 boards to take additional proof. 
 
 It will be readily understood that the work of the government appeal agents was not altogether 
 pleasant. Many times it was their duty to inform registrants who, innocently or otherwise, were 
 escaping from the military service that they must report to their local boards and accept classifi- 
 cation in class one to avoid more disagreeable consequences. Much information in regard to 
 such cases was received through anonymous communications. Mr. Rann reported one instance 
 in which the mother of four boys, three of whom had been sent to camp, was left without means 
 of supporting herself and a remaining child except what she could get from the boys in camp. 
 Application was made for the return of one of the sons to her and it so happened that the son who, 
 when at home, was a burden to her instead of a help, succeeded in being returned. Subsequently 
 he was sent back to camp. 
 
 Of course, there were innumerable instances where appeal agents were called upon to investi- 
 gate marriages which had taken place after May 18, 1917, the day when the Selective Service Law 
 was approved. That problem became a hideous nightmare to the draft boards. The evidence 
 offered by the registrants in substantially all of those cases was startlingly similar. Receipts 
 were produced to show the purchase of engagement rings and of furniture, the leasing of premises 
 and the announcement of the engagement, together with the date fixed for the wedding, and in 
 each case the betrothal was weeks or months prior to May 18th, while the wedding was weeks or 
 months subsequent thereto. In most cases such claims were disallowed. 
 
 The Provost Marshal General, in his report to the Secretary of War,* December, 1918, paid a 
 
 * It was not intended, nor did they (appeal agents) interpret their duty to be, that they should be partisan representatives of the Government 
 lOT the purpose, it possible, of placing every registrant in military service, as would normally be the case of a prosecuting attorney trying his docket. 
 They properly conceived their duty to be that of representing the Government by seeing that the selective principle of the selective service law 
 was applied — that no man escaped who owed the duty to go, and that the Government was not put to the expense of sending to the camps men who 
 were better fitted to preserve the necessary industries at home and to protect the family integrity. Their province was to see that substantial 
 fairness was observed; and the relative fewness of discharges at camps, of men finally accepted for service, is ample proof of the admirable manner 
 m which that duty was performed. The outstanding fact that this duty was performed uncomplainingly and without any compensation what- 
 ever, places them in the enviable position of the patriot who is unrewarded, save in the consciousness of duty well performed, and in the knowledge 
 that both the Government and the people composing it proudly acknowledge a debt which cannot be liquidated. 
 
 Such devotion to duty can only be described by the thought that these men were putting into their part of the great fight the conscience of the 
 American people. — From General Crowder's Report. 
 
94 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Lafayette Square Any Day— 1917 
 
 Crowd assembling as prominent speakers appeal for military enlistment 
 
 splendid tribute to the work of the appeal agents, and in his report concerning their work Mr. 
 Rann said: 
 
 " I know of no class of men who, without hope of pecuniary reward, labored night and day for 
 the enforcement of the provisions of the Selective Service Act and regulations more faithfully 
 and unselfishly, sacrificing recreation and business, than the appeal agents of Buffalo. Those 
 who contributed to the great part which the United States took in the world war, no matter in 
 what branch of the service, are entitled to everlasting credit, and not the least of these are the 
 appeal agents who were animated, not by love of applause or hope of gain, but by a zeal for the 
 welfare of the country and of the world. In the early months of their service many of them had 
 to work against the opposition and, in some instances, the prejudice of members of the local 
 boards, who felt that the appeal agents were spying upon their work. I think this feeling faded 
 when it was discovered that the members of the local boards, the district board, the appeal agents, 
 the legal advisory boards and the medical advisory boards were all co-operating in the same 
 great cause." 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 95 
 
 CHAPTER XXVIII 
 UNLIMITED SERVICE BY MEMBERS OF BUFFALO BAR 
 
 AGENCIES for the assistance of registrants and draft boards multiplied rapidly as America's 
 /\ great National Army began to form. Every citizen who, by reason of advancing years or 
 ■^^^ physical defect, was outside the realm of military service felt an obligation to assist in all 
 governmental activities. A potential force could readily be gathered in any district for any work 
 which came to hand. Minute men were around in abundance. In addition to all that, the Presi- 
 dent was authorized to appoint, on recommendation of the Governor, legal and medical advisory 
 boards for every locality. Pursuant to that authority, contained in section 30 of the selective 
 service regulations, Governor Whitman nominated County Judge Philip A. Laing, chairman. 
 General Samuel M. Welch, secretary, and Edward R. O'Malley to compose the legal advisory 
 board for Erie County and they were duly appointed by President Wilson. The board organized, 
 and prevailed upon Lawrence J. Collins to act as chief deputy for the county. Like Corporation 
 Counsel Rann and his associate appeal agents, these legal advisers were exceptionally busy men 
 at that time with private affairs, but private affairs counted little in those days. At the outset 
 this board proceeded to effect an organization sufficiently large and competent to correctly advise 
 and correctly assist all registrants in filling out their questionnaires, to the end that each quota 
 certified to the various local boards could be filled within the allotted time. 
 
 The organization so effected, was known as the associate legal advisory committee and num- 
 bered in Erie County, eleven hundred and ten men and women, for the most part lawyers and 
 school teachers. Their period of service covered eleven months, commencing in the latter part 
 of December, 1917, and terminating in the latter part of November, 1918. Throughout the 
 period of their service, the legal advisory board regulated and advised these workers from day 
 to day on the various phases of their work. 
 
 The greatest volume of work performed by the legal advisory boards grew out of the question- 
 naire, an instrument designed to draw from the registrant every fact of value in allotting him 
 to his most useful place in the country's service. With the advent of the questionnaire, the cen- 
 sus man, the meter inspector, and all the other banes of human existence promptly slipped into 
 positions of trivial importance. That masterpiece, while most efficacious to the Government, 
 proved baffling to the average registrant. 
 
 One local board received a questionnaire with nothing answered, but containing the notation 
 across the face: "I'm ready when you are." 
 
 Upon investigation, it was found that the registrant was a colored man, who, after attempting, 
 without assistance, to fill out the paper concluded that the effort was beyond him, and hit upon 
 this-way of clearing the situation. 
 
 The length and complexity of the questionnaire, coupled with the magnitude of its purpose in 
 the conduct of the war, seemed to work confusion in the minds of a majority of registrants, and 
 especially those of foreign extraction. One attorney tells of a registrant whom he was aiding in 
 filling out his questionnaire. When that section was reached which required each registrant to 
 underUne that branch of the army in which he would prefer to serve if selected, the attorney 
 enumerated the various branches, commencing with the artillery and ending with the signal 
 corps. The registrant seemed absorbed in deep thought for some moments, then turning to the 
 attorney, he said in all earnestness, "I prefer the Home Defense. Please put a line under that." 
 
 As in the category of war machinery, nothing, from the standpoint of immediate importance, 
 overshadowed the questionnaire, so in the ranks of the great civilian army during the crisis, none 
 rendered more effective aid to the Government than this associate legal advisory committee. It 
 was made up of a number of small committees, one acting for each local division and having as 
 its chairman the appeal agent for such division. These committees in the City of Buffalo used 
 
96 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 as their headquarters for aiding registrants a grammar or high school in their respective districts. 
 The work of the chief deputy to the legal advisory board consisted mainly in recruiting members 
 for the associate legal advisory committee from various walks of life and in supplying help hurried- 
 ly to districts where the number of registrants was too great for the regular committee to handle. 
 
 The volume of work performed by General Welch, as secretary of the legal advisory board, 
 and the conscientious manner of its execution, was almost, if not wholly, without parallel of its 
 kind throughout the country. 
 
 The associate legal advisory committee, like the members of the legal advisory board, received 
 no compensation whatsoever. The effectiveness, and the untiring devotion to the cause, which 
 characterized the labors of the legal advisory board, was splendidly sustained by the associate 
 legal advisory committee. The task assigned to them was one that taxed to the utmost both 
 nerves and patience, and for their splendid attitude in that trying ordeal, the lawyers and school 
 teachers of Buffalo are forever entitled to commendation. 
 
 Motor Corps Girls at Work 
 
 Chief Edward P. Murphy, Buffalo Fire Department, and two ambulance drivers at a big Buffalo fire — 1917 
 
 Nor did their efforts by any means cease with the aid they afforded registrants. It would be 
 difficult to say how many claims for exemption or deferred classification, the district appeal board 
 and the local boards for Erie County would otherwise have had to pass upon, were it not for the 
 patriotism that was incessantly infused into luke-warm registrants by the members of the legal 
 advisory committee. The tendency to escape, where possible, induction into the service was 
 quite natural and not altogether infrequent, and it was the manifestation of this tendency in its 
 various phases, which the legal advisory committee was forced to combat, and with tact and in- 
 genuity, to overcome. Hence it may be safely asserted that the members in themselves were, 
 indeed, a powerful contributing force to the upbuilding of the nation's man-power. Each regis- 
 trant naturally sought to determine his right to exemption from miUtary service, but once he 
 learned it was his turn to go he quickly and bravely stepped into his place and it was that spirit 
 which created the victorious United States Army. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 97 
 
 CHAPTER XXIX 
 DISTRICT BOARD NUMBER THREE 
 
 ON August thirteenth, Nineteen Hundred and Seventeen, occurred the first meeting of District 
 Board Number Three (Selective Service for the Western Federal District of New York. 
 It was one of nine such Boards in New York State. Its jurisdiction covered the counties 
 of Erie, Niagara, Orleans, Wyoming and Genesee. These counties were divided into twenty-six 
 local boards. The meeting was held in quarters in the Iroquois Gas Building, at Church and 
 Franklin Streets. 
 
 As the Selective Service Law was put into operation, it speedily became evident that industrial 
 classification was the most important work confronting the Board. The accomplishment of a 
 two-fold result was imperative; first, to obtain a definite number of soldiers for the fighting force 
 abroad, and, secondly, to conserve an army of industrial workers of the highest efficiency at 
 home. 
 
 At first hand this appeared a simple process, but it soon became seriously complicated, by 
 reason of the fact that many preferred to battle on the home field, and into the refuge furnished 
 by the war factories men poured from every line of endeavor. Frequent claims were made on 
 behalf of "skilled industrial laborers" whose previous experience (often carefully camouflaged) 
 showed "seven years a barber," "three years an actor," through every field — clerks, waiters, 
 students, musicians, etc. Wages were no evidence of worth. As in other walks along with in- 
 dustry's "necessities" came industry's "substitutes." Instances were noted of men receiving 
 $75 a week, who in peace times could not command more than $20. The task of the district 
 board to "part the goats upon the left hand and the sheep upon the right" thus became a stu- 
 pendous undertaking. 
 
 The Board's success is demonstrated by the fact that Buffalo never failed to answer the call 
 for men; each time, they were entrained on the minute, and certainly no industries anywhere 
 in the United States ran with greater efficiency. The members often felt themselves hard pressed, 
 but that was their contribution to the great achievement. 
 
 Classification of agricultural claims was more or less routine work, for at all times farmers 
 were suffering from shortage of labor and it was evident to the Board that any man 
 whose vocation was farming, or who was working on a farm before May 18, 1917, should 
 be left on that farm, and the Board's policy in regard to agricultural claims was to grant 
 every bonafide claim where the production showed any material surplus beyond the needs of the 
 farm occupants. 
 
 Perhaps the worst struggle of all came with classification on appeal of dependency cases, re- 
 sulting from marriages after May 18th, 1917. District Boards were left to work out a line of 
 action which would result in uniformity so far as that was possible of attainment. 
 
 It was not until complete new regulations were issued in September, 1918, that definite 
 rules were laid down for the handling of such cases, the final ruling being that the only 
 valid dependency claim would be for the dependency of a child of such marriage, born or 
 unborn. 
 
 A few statistics set forth the gigantic task accomplished by District Boards, the Buffalo Board 
 being an average illustration. 
 
 It must be remembered that under the jurisdiction of this Board there were besides Buffalo, 
 five counties, having a registration of 90,146, making our complete number of registrants 
 230,744. From this number, until the signing of the armistice, the Board entertained 36,906 
 claims. Of these 29,206 were industrial and agricultural, and 20,037 were granted. There 
 were 7,700 appeals from Local Board decisions on various grounds, and of these 2,611 were 
 granted. 
 
98 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Many humorous occurrences* and communications enlivened the work. The Board was 
 showered with criticism and compHments, and no matter what it did, it was sure of being 
 roundly abused and enthusiastically praised. The work certainly had many rewards. No 
 agency ever established in Buffalo received heartier co-operation. City and county officials dis- 
 played an eagerness to assist, and every request made of them was quickly met. Any necessities 
 in the line of supplies which could not be obtained from the Government, were immediately sup- 
 plied by Buffalo merchants. The Board had only to make its wants known and they were satis- 
 fied. To mention Buffalo's patriotic citizens by name would fill several pages. 
 
 When the work of the classification of the registrants of September 12, 1918, was contemplated, 
 it was seen that greater latitude should prevail in regard to them. Up to September 1, 1918, 
 only those industries which could show that they were contributing substantially and materially 
 to the maintenance of the military establishment, to the effective operation of the military forces, 
 or to the national interest during the emergency could obtain deferred classification for their men. 
 The general rule followed was that such concerns should be immediate producers of war materials 
 or allied concerns once removed, immediately supplying such major industries. 
 
 As time passed, the activities of the country were rapidly converted to war purposes, and the 
 Government extended this rule to include "occupations and employments" of a commercial 
 nature, so that practically all barriers were down and claims were received, running the extremes, 
 from laundries to patent medicines. To provide for the necessary adjustments between the 
 necessities of the industries already given consideration and those not of that description, but 
 contributing to the national interest during the emergency, there were appointed three industrial 
 advisors to assist the District Board. The armistice came so quickly that only an indication was 
 obtained of the important services these men were to render. 
 
 The following advisors were named: G. P. Berner, of Buffalo, appointed by the Federal De- 
 partment of Labor; Charles Parker, of Lockport, appointed by the Department of Agriculture, 
 and Henry P. Werner, of Buffalo, appointed by the members of the District Board. 
 
 * The registrants themselves, in their questionnaires, unconsciously, and the writers of the following letters, per- 
 haps not always unconsciously, contributed to the Board's rejuvenation. 
 We do not know how this man finished, but he began as a plain private: 
 
 "Dear Sirs: 
 
 "i have registered in Buffalo on June 5 but i didn't stay in the City, i left shortly and haven't been notified, i would like very much for you 
 to write if i have bin called to the colors and if i am i am willing, i have bin in the army before, i have bin a commanding officer in the 8th ill. 
 N. G. and i am cable of holding the same in any other regiment. 
 
 "Now i will close as i have other things to tend to but at present time our god comes first, our country next then Mother Dear so this is all." 
 
 This is from a father who must have been surprised at the wonders Uncle Sam was able to perform: 
 
 "I never was more surprised in my life to hear that my son is excepted and I appeal to you for another and thorough examination. He is a 
 subject of rheumatism. In damp weather he has leakage of the heart and Asthmatic trouble of the Bronchial tube. He has two lap-over toes, 
 one on each foot and has lost the grip from his right hand. The Dr. told him to get an outside job and beware of excitement. This sure is a sur- 
 prise to everybody." 
 
 Many such as this one had to be caught on the fly: 
 
 "I am writing for my questioneer papers. When I registered I was in the Erie Co. Pen doing one year. Now I am in the Eric Co. farm doing 
 30 days. My time will be up May 11th, and I don't know what my address will be next." 
 
 Not all mothers wanted their sons to stay at home: 
 
 " I have a son whom is drafted by the newspapers. I would like to know if he has been medically examined and if so, how is he? Also if ex- 
 empted, what for? his mother." 
 
 He seems to have done his bit: 
 
 "You ask me to report change of employment. I was formerly a Pennsylvania Telegraph operator but through merger of the Penn. R R. and 
 Nickel Plate R. R. and the Nickel Plate R. R. taking over the Penn. R. R. makes me a Nickel Plate man. Only change is new boss, twice as much 
 work, two roads instead of one." 
 
 We were the clearing house for many complaints, this one being quite out of the ordinary: 
 
 "I have just received a card from .41bert, saying he is safe in France. He took out $10,000 insurance for me and I have not received a penny 
 yet." 
 
 The war was a popular place for many to consign their troublesome "in-laws." No relief was furnished in this 
 case, for the man proved to be beyond the age limit: 
 
 "Dear Men of Military: 
 
 "Please excuse me for writing to you but I can't help it. I was over to Buffalo for the weak end to see my sister. I really must say you have 
 overlook a man that should be helping win this great war. Why I say this is, he is fiting day by day at home. I realy was in fear the one night 
 I stade there. I ask my sister, duse he go on like this, she said 'yes and worse.' 
 
 "If you get him I am sure this war will be over with fur if ever there's a devil on earth he is one. Such a broot, he is not a man. 
 
 "I give you people a lot of prayers and hope you get him, when he has been in France he will treet a woman write." 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 99 
 
 DISTRICT BOARD 
 Division No. 3, of the Western Judicial District 
 
 Mack, Norman E., Bufifalo, N. Y., appointed August 4, 1917; Streifler, Henry, Buffalo, N. Y., appointed vice 
 Norman E. Mack, resigned; Crosby, W. H., Buffalo, N. Y., appointed September 10, 1918, vice Henry Streifler, 
 resigned; Moore, Dr. A. N., Lockport, N. Y., Secretary, appointed August 4, 1917; Smallwood, W. W., Warsaw, 
 N. Y., appointed August 4, 1917; Wickser, John G., Buffalo, N. Y., appointed August 4, 1917; Houck, George 
 E., Buffalo, N. Y., appointed March 26, 1918, vice John G. Wickser, resigned; O'Brian, John Lord, Buffalo, 
 N. Y., appointed August 4, 1917; Davidson, George G., Jr., appointed September 28, 1917, vice John Lord 
 O'Brian, resigned; Reilley, W. W., 410 Delaware Avenue, Buffalo, N. Y., appointed August 26, 1918, vice 
 George G. Davidson, resigned; Williams, Silas W., East Aurora, N. Y., appointed March 14, 1918; Curtiss, 
 Harlow C, Buffalo, N. Y., appointed March 14, 1918. 
 
 Red Cross Campaign, 
 
 Buffalo volunteers preparing bandages for Red Cross work 
 
100 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER XXX 
 
 "THE ROSE OF NO MAN'S LAND" 
 
 BUFFALO realized very quickly after the declaration of war that something more than fighting 
 men was necessary to win the war. Early in June, 1917, the Liberty Loan campaign had 
 crashed in on a tightwad community. Not that Buffalonians were a more penurious people 
 than the inhabitants of Cleveland, Penn Yan, Paducah, or any other American city, but they 
 were not in the habit of giving. With Puritan-like fidelity and devotion they were brightening 
 the corner where they were, and holding fast to the sermon philosophy of the Baseball Evan- 
 gelist: "Get what you can and can what you get." 
 
 The martial airs and the marching of troops of 1917 had stirred their blood, however, while 
 Elliott C. McDougal and Walter P. Cooke, with their little band of liberty loaners, were shaking the 
 town loose from some of its hoarded thousands. Frank S. McGraw, a treat-'em-rough Red Cross 
 chairman, had succeeded in unraveling many a care-free and plethoric bankroll during the early 
 weeks of the year and a sufficient number of dollars rolled therefrom to equip a base hospital. While 
 the old community was still rocking and disturbed from the shock of such financial upsets, Robert 
 W. Pomeroy and his advance army of Red Cross workers set up their stand and announced their 
 purpose to raise $1,500,000 in Buffalo for 
 
 THE ROSE OF NO-MAN'S LAND 
 
 "There's a rose that grows "It's the one red rose 
 
 On No-Man's Land, Th' soldier knows, 
 
 And it's wonderful to see; It's the work of the Master's hand. 
 
 Though it's sprayed with tears, 'Neath the war's great curse 
 
 It will live for years Stands the Red Cross nurse — 
 
 In my garden of memory. She's the rose of No-Man's Land." 
 
 Buffalo stood up especially fine in the first* and subsequent Red Cross drives. Campaigns for 
 hospital funds, orphan collections and charity organization work had in the prior years met with 
 only fair success. Donations had been small. It is not surprising that Mr. Pomeroy and his 
 associates approached their Red Cross task with diffidence, albeit, determination. General Chair- 
 man Davison had advised the local committee that Buffalo's proportion of the sum to be raised 
 was fixed at $1,500,000 — a tremendous figure at that period in our community existence, but 
 when William A. Rogers announced he would give $100,000 the people caught the spirit of the 
 times. Patriotism was not confined entirely to the youth of the land. Bankers, brokers, artisans, 
 laborers, clerks, the girls in the box factories, and those picking rags on the slides at the city 
 dumps gave in equal measure from their respective incomes. 
 
 On June 18th Mayor Fuhrmann received a telegram from President Wilson — in reality a tele- 
 gram to the people of Buffalo — as follows: 
 
 Washington, D. C, 4 P. M., June 18, 1917. 
 Mayor L. P. Fuhrmann, 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y.: 
 The American people, by their overwhelming subscriptions to the Liberty Loan have given a new endorsement to the 
 high principles for which America entered the war. During the week now beginning, which I have designated Red Cross 
 Week, they will have a unique privilege of manifesting America's unselfishness, as well as the real spirit of sacrifice that 
 animates our people. May I urge that your city do its part in the raising of the $100,000,000 Red Cross War Fund, 
 measuring the generosity of its gifts by the urgency of the need. 
 
 WooDROw Wilson. 
 
 * In population Buffalo is the tenth city of the Union. In giving to the Red Cross she stands seventh. This is a good record. It speaks volumes 
 for the charity and the patriotism of the people. It reflects credit upon the earnest men and women who, under the direction of Mr. Robert W. 
 Pomeroy, worked so diligently for the success of the campaign. 
 
 The allotment for Buffalo compared with some other cities was high, but that did not daunt those behind the movement. It merely spurred 
 them on to renewed effort and they are justly entitled to the thanks of the community for their good work. 
 
 They have put Buffalo upon the map as one of the cities whose loyalty to the Government has shown itself in the most practical and 
 helpful of ways." — (Buffalo Commercial, June 29, 1917.) 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 101 
 
 The campaign oganization was completed before Saturday, June 16th, and at a mass meeting 
 on that Saturday night at Elmwood Music Hall the project was formally launched. Speeches 
 were made by Mayor Fuhrmann, the Rev. Newell Dwight Hillis of Brooklyn, one of America's 
 best pulpit orators, and by Baroness Huard, who related some of her personal experiences when 
 driven from her home in northern France by German invaders. 
 
 On Monday the team captains began their quest for subscriptions, and the week was enlivened 
 with noonday luncheons and team novelties. A dinner of very generous proportions was held 
 prior to the campaign, and another dinner, the prerequisite obligation of each guest being a $10,000 
 contribution, was held during the campaign, and the drive concluded with the money in hand, 
 at an enthusiastic spread held at the Hotel Statler on Monday evening, June 25th. George P. 
 Keating served as toastmaster at the final dinner, and speeches were made by Chairman Pomeroy, 
 
 Parade of Red Cross Workers, May, 191 s 
 
 Mayor Fuhrmann, Noel Marshall of Toronto, Walter P. Cooke, Roscoe R. Mitchell, A. H. Whit- 
 ford of the Y. M. C. A., John D. Wells, of the Buffalo Evening News, and the Rev. Dr. Andrew 
 V. V. Raymond. At the conclusion of the dinner. Dr. Edward J. Meyer presented to Robert W. 
 Pomeroy a large loving cup. It came to the chairman as an expression of the esteem of his cap- 
 tains and as a token of good fellowship which grew and bloomed and shed a fairer radiance in the 
 more arduous days which followed. The cup was inscribed : 
 
 "Robert W. Pomeroy 
 
 President Buffalo Citizens' Committee 
 
 Red Cross Campaign, June 18-25, 1917 
 
 From His Co-Workers." 
 
 The complete team reports handed in that night showed : 
 
 Division A— Evan Hollister, chairman. Team No. 1, Capt. Hollister, $78,348; No. 2, Charles L. Gurney, $49,425; 
 
 No. 3, Charles R. Huntley, $48,363; No. 4, Ralph C. Hudson, $41,524; No. 5, C. H. McCullough, Jr., $83,509; 
 
 No. 6, George F. Rand, $72,415.75; No. 7, Robert K. Root, $42,650.50; No. 8, Arnold B. Watson, $44,022.46; 
 
 No. 9, Clinton R. Wyckoff, $45,949. Division Total, $505,687.16. 
 
102 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Scene at Lafayette Square 
 
 Ceremony attached to unveiling of Red Cross Flag 
 
 Division B — Dr. Conrad E. Wettlaufer, chairman. Team No. 11, James H. McNulty, $45,516; No. 13, Mayor Louis 
 
 P. Fuhrmann, $48,079.75; No. 14, William E. Robertson, $25,671.55; No. 15, Kenneth W. Watters, $26,064.50; 
 
 No. 16, Henry P. Werner, $47,590.37; No. 17, Dr. Wettlaufer, $162,732.32; No. 18, Frank Winch, $29,804. 
 
 Division Total, $395,458.49. 
 Division C— M. S. Tremaine, chairman. Team 21, Capt. Tremaine, $27,806; No. 22, Herbert E. Crouch, $47,812.10; 
 
 No. 23, E. B. Eggert, $48,975; No. 24, Nesbit Grammar, $34,837; No. 25, William H. Hill, $60,913.38; No. 26; 
 
 Clark L. Ingham, $24,716.10; No. 27, T. M. Pomeroy, $31,347.01; No. 28, H. T. Ramsdell, $52,584.40; special 
 
 gifts to credit of Division C, $50,000. Division Total, $327,944.98. 
 Division D— Dr. Edw. J. Meyer, chairman. Team No. 31, Capt. Meyer, $102,681.50; No. 32, Gerrit B. Lansing, 
 
 $26,114; No. 33, Le Grand De Graff, $69,999.50; No. 34, Frank H. Goodyear, $50,230.54; No. 35, Henry May, 
 
 $75,190.29; No. 36, B. C. Oliphant, $25,451; No. 37, Roswell Park, $38,452; No. 38, Frank Ruszkiewicz, $13,368; 
 
 No. 39, Harry Yates, $51,297. Division Total, $409,216.89. 
 
 Total $1,895,089.89 
 
 Special contribution 5,000.00 
 
 Buffalo Base Hospital Fund 100,000.00 
 
 Grand Total $2,000,089.89 
 
 Subsequently this total was increased somewhat by delayed subscriptions. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 103 
 
 CHAPTER XXXI 
 COAL SHORTAGE THROUGH WINTER OF 1917-1918 
 
 ON the 16th day of October, 1917, Albert H. Wiggin, Federal Fuel Administrator for New- 
 York State, appointed Elliott C. McDougal of Buffalo, Federal Fuel Administrator for 
 Erie County. Mr. McDougal knew nothing about the fuel business and suggested that 
 it would be better to appoint an experienced Buffalo coal jobber who also was familiar with trans- 
 portation problems. He was told his suggestion was not in accordance with the policy of the 
 Government; that any material interest in the coal business would be considered a disqualifica- 
 tion for the office. He then accepted. 
 
 He appointed as his first deputy Mr. W. A. McDougal, who had enjoyed practical experience 
 in buying and using bituminous coal as a manufacturer and who was familiar with transportation 
 conditions and practices. Unfortunately the first deputy resigned his office and left the city 
 before the winter was well begun. The office of the Administrator for Erie County was opened 
 in the Prudential Building on October 27th, 1917, with a small force under charge of Miss M. 
 Kathryn Kelly as chief clerk. During the first few weeks the work was not heavy. Its three 
 principal branches were: 
 
 The procuring of bituminous coal for manufacturers and others who could not get supplies, 
 either because they had not made contracts, or because the dealers with whom they had made 
 contracts could not deliver the coal; furnishing coal for the City of Buffalo, for the pumping 
 station and other municipal uses, and supplying the public schools and other public offices where, 
 as a rule, anthracite coal was burned. 
 
 The Fuel Administrator undertook to procure hard coal for domestic consumption, many 
 householders being unable to get coal to heat their homes. During the first few weeks the orders 
 of this kind which the fuel office handled did not average more than forty per day. 
 
 The supervision and restriction of electric lighting in accordance with instructions and rulings 
 from Washington, which were frequently changed, was also handled from the Fuel Administra- 
 tor's office. That work was started on November 19, 1917. Controlling of electric lighting 
 brought with it many difficulties. Some of the regulations received from Washington either were 
 not well considered or were not applicable to Buffalo, but had to be enforced until they could be 
 amended or rescinded. While our citizens as a whole showed a disposition to obey the law, even 
 at a considerable sacrifice, there were a few persistent offenders who had to be disciplined by the 
 shutting off of their electric current before they could be brought to realize that the law must be 
 obeyed. In this work the office had the very best of co-operation from the Buffalo General Elec- 
 tric Company, which allowed two of its best men to be appointed deputy fuel administrators 
 that they might be able to give efficient assistance. 
 
 In connection with every one of these duties, the office was constantly called upon for rulings 
 and opinions, many of which questions had to be submitted to the State Fuel Administrator of 
 New York and by him in turn to Washington, causing delays which at times were damaging to 
 the questioners. The Erie County Fuel Administrator's office incessantly tried to impress upon 
 the State Fuel Administration that matters should be handled promptly as they came up and 
 that the office could not properly be run unless the Erie County Fuel Administrator was allowed 
 to use his common sense in ordinary matters and to act upon them at once without delay. It 
 was at first hard to get authority from Washington along these lines but in this respect the situa- 
 tion gradually improved. 
 
 Soon after the office was fairly under way the weather became very severe and continued so. 
 Because of the continued snow storms and extreme cold, the coal supply was less than one-half 
 of normal, while the consumption was greater than normal. Many domestic consumers, especially 
 those who lived from hand to mouth and made no provision for the future, became panic-stricken. 
 
104 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 About the middle of January the crowd of appUcants, which had been growing for some time, 
 became a mob which required the assistance of the police to keep in order. Women stood in line 
 for hours waiting for their turn for orders. The system of handling orders required that after 
 an application for coal had been made, the name should be sent to a police station and the house 
 visited by a police officer to be sure that the coal was actually needed. Then it was reported back 
 to the Fuel Administrator's office and the order issued. While this system worked fairly well 
 when orders were light, it caused great delay, confusion and hardship when orders were heavy. 
 
 The situation became so serious that at the suggestion of the Fuel Administrator Mayor Buck 
 called a conference at his office on January 20 at which were present Mayor Buck, Chief of Police 
 Girvin, representatives of miners and shippers, jobbers and men who controlled coal trestles, 
 other citizens, and the United States Fuel Administrator for Erie County. At that conference 
 it was decided that the Fuel Office would put clerks in every police station in the city so that appli- 
 cants for coal, instead of being obliged to come down town, could go to the police stations in their 
 own precincts. Chief Girvin said the police would promptly investigate the cases and report 
 back and that orders for coal could then go out immediately direct from the clerk at the police 
 station. The clerks were placed in the station houses on January 21, 1918. The record days for 
 orders were: January 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25, on all of which days an average of about four thousand 
 a day was handled. Too much acknowledgment cannot be made of the splendid work of the 
 police during that time of stress. Their co-operation saved the situation. Without it the Fuel 
 Office would have been helpless. 
 
 For some time the weather continued severe. About the middle of February it had consider- 
 ably moderated. Then the Fuel Office commenced to reduce the forces at the station houses. 
 Next it closed two or three of the stations very near the downtown Fuel Administrator's office, 
 handling the orders from there. By the first part of March all of the stations were closed, and the 
 weather continuing mild and the coal supply improving, the applications dropped off fast. By 
 March 5, 1918, the office stopped issuing orders. By April 1 the main difficulties of the domestic 
 situation were over. 
 
 Bituminous coal still continued to be scarce, the situation having been aggravated by the fact 
 that on January 12, 1917, the Fuel Administration at Washington had ordered bituminous coal 
 diverted from Buffalo to Boston, which practically shut off the best sources of supply. We had 
 been short all the winter. This new order made the condition much worse. 
 
 Village and country districts suffered even more than Buffalo. While special deputy adminis- 
 trators were appointed to care for their needs, it was harder than in Buffalo to get coal delivered 
 on track ready for the local dealers to distribute. Many country stations waited weeks for the 
 one car of coal. {Continued in Chapter XLIX.) 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 105 
 
 CHAPTER XXXII 
 PEACE PROPOSAL OF POPE BENEDICT XV 
 
 A merica's entrance into the war, coupled with another event of world-wide importance in the 
 Z\ early days of 1917 had given a new direction to the great struggle. 
 -*- -^-The development of the vast machinery of registration and selection, and the knowledge that 
 it was going to reach into the homes and draw therefrom the youth of the country, laid a check 
 upon the care-free indifference of the people. We no longer looked at Europe through the eyes 
 of a disinterested spectator. Buffalo fathers and mothers grew serious, and boys grew anxious. 
 The day of real sacrifices had arrived. As the draft boards sweltered through July, wrestling 
 with the intricacies of the selective service, and slowly solving its problems, Buffalonians focused 
 attention on the events in Europe. The entire nation was likewise engaged. Every mother, 
 every father, and sister and brother, every family which numbered a member in the draft, began 
 not unnaturally, to speculate on the possible duration of the war, possible extent of our partici- 
 pation, and the possible strength of the contending forces then engaged on the battle fronts of 
 Europe. 
 
 White Books and Blue Books had been written, telling the world from whence the war had 
 come. Red books could have been written telling of its toll. These books and manifestos had 
 not cleared the atmosphere, and the issue, to the American people, was still clouded and entangled. 
 Germany claimed to be fighting a defensive war, yet her agencies of war were agencies of bar- 
 barism, panoplied and equipped with all the inventions for the destruction of human life which 
 modern ingenuity could devise, and were running ruthlessly on sea and land. 
 
 France and England claimed to be fighting the cause of Democracy and freedom against autoc- 
 racy and military aggression; and yet, they were allied with the Government of Russia, an abso- 
 lute despotism, notorious throughout the world for its suppression of human rights and individual 
 liberties. 
 
 The first great event of 1917 was America's entrance into the war; the second was the over- 
 throw of the Russian autocracy. The moral handicap of trying to fight a war for freedom in 
 alliance with the chief enemy of freedom was removed when the government of the Czar fell. 
 England and France eventually lost an ally but gained a moral issue. The substantiality of the 
 AlHes' claim to be fighting for Democracy was then established by America's participation, and 
 the declaration of President Wilson that our continuation in the war was to last until "all 
 the world was made safe for Democracy." 
 
 Those two events gave to the people a clearer knowledge of the issues of the war and the righte- 
 ousness of the Allies' cause. The people continued, however, to look with apprehension on the 
 changes that were taking place in the new Republic of Russia. Her weakening military strength 
 meant that America must contribute more than was at first expected. Fathers and mothers, 
 when the call came to their homes, gladly gave up their sons. It is needless to say they wished 
 it were otherwise, but they were willing to have their boys take their places with other boys, and 
 do their share. Mothers tearfully saw them go to the draft board headquarters to take their 
 physical examinations. Their hearts were breaking but they held their heads high. Women and 
 men prayed mightily in those days for a termination of the struggle. 
 
 At that time attention began to center on events transpiring at Berlin. During the month of 
 July the German Chancellor Von Bethmann-Hollweg resigned and Michaelis came into office — 
 the first internal disturbance Germany experienced. It may or may not have been a real dis- 
 turbance. The Reichstag refused to vote the war credits until some time after Michaelis came 
 into office, but passed what became known as the Reichstag Resolutions of 1917. Some believed 
 that these internal troubles were occasioned by the war preparations going on in this country, 
 and the determination of America to have "force to the bitter end." 
 
106 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 The Pope apparently felt the time had arrived for peace. On August 15th His Holiness sent 
 a note to all the Powers, making a strong appeal to them to bring the war to a close on the basis 
 of mutual concessions. Despite the fact that Buffalo boys were then going through their physical 
 examinations for military service, and family ties were about to be severed, Buffalonians had 
 smelt the smoke of battle. No peace save the surrender of the Hohenzollern War Party would 
 be an acceptable peace. The whole country voiced that sentiment. It was not an easy decision; 
 but it was patriotic, and it was unmistakable. On August 27th, President Wilson replied* ex- 
 pressing the conviction that peace could not be negotiated with the then rulers of the German 
 people, and declining the Pope's invitation. 
 
 The peace proposal, which seemingly came at the most opportune moment presented up to that 
 time, being swept away, we turned again to war work. Food and fuel control systems became 
 operative. Hustle was the slogan of the draft boards. The call came for additional men to aug- 
 ment Pershing's force, and the people gradually but surely and irrevocably settled into the deter- 
 mination of irresistible war, no matter what its cost in money and men. The first of August found 
 the draft boards making their first physical examination. Before the end of the month, the quota 
 of each Buffalo board for the first call was ready. On August 29th the members of the boards in 
 Buffalo and Erie County received orders from Adjutant General Stotesbury to call five per cent, 
 of their first quota for entrainment on September 5th. This, the first order for induction of men 
 into the national army through the selective service system, naturally occasioned a general interest. 
 The number from each board was necessarily small. No local district sent more than 20 men 
 in that first call. Each board had 40 per cent, of its quota ready. Of course, it would have been 
 proper and possible to send the first men according to their draft number, but most of the boards 
 submitted the question to the men themselves, and in every board more than a sufficient number 
 volunteered to meet the call. There was always present in those days a possibility, in the minds 
 of the people at least, that something unforeseen might happen and end the war. Accordingly, 
 there was no particular desire on the part of any great number of the drafted men to leave for 
 camp. The national guardsmen, trained soldiers, were still here, and that fact created a question 
 in many minds as to whether or not the Government would need many drafted men. It is ap- 
 parent, therefore, that the original five per cent of selective service men who stepped forward to 
 make up the first contingent were in reality selective service volunteers. Information began to 
 filter through that, possibly, the Government wanted a small number at the camps for early 
 training as non-commissioned officers. And that, it later developed, was the reason for calling 
 a small number in advance of the first 40 per cent, of the contemplated army. 
 
 * In part President Wilson said in his reply to Pope Benedict XV: 
 
 "The object of this war is to deUver the free peoples of the world from the menace and the actual power of a vast military establishment con- 
 trolled by an irresponsible Government which, having secretly planned to dominate the world, proceeded to carry the plan out without regard 
 either to the sacred obligations of treaty or the long-established practices and long-cherished principles of international action and honor; which 
 chose its own time for the war; delivered its blow fiercely and suddenly; stopped at no barrier either of law or of mercy; swept a whole continent 
 within the tide of blood — not the blood of soldiers only, but the blood of innocent women and children also and of the helpless poor; and now 
 stands balked but not defeated, the enemy of four-fifths of the world. This power is not the German people. It is the ruthless master of the Ger- 
 man people. * * * To deal with such a power by way of peace upon the plan proposed by His Holiness the Pope would, so far as we can see, 
 involve a recuperation of its strength and a renewal of its policy; would make it necessary to create a permanent hostile combination of nations 
 against the German people, who are its instruments; and would result in abandoning the new-born Russia to the intrigue, the manifold subtle inter- 
 ference, and the certain counter-revolution which would be attempted by all the malign influences to which the German Government has of late 
 accustomed the world. Can peace be based upon a restitution of its power or upon any word of honor it could pledge in a treaty of settlement 
 and accommodation 7 * * * The test, therefore, of every plan of peace is this: Is it based upon the faith of all the peoples involved or merely 
 upon the word of an ambitious and intriguing Government, on the one hand, and of a group of free peoples, on the other? This is a test which 
 goes to the root of the matter; and it is the test which must be applied * * * We cannot take the word of the present rulers of Germany as 
 a guarantee of anything that is to endure, unless explicitly supported by such conclusive evidence of the will and purpose of the German people 
 themselves as the other peoples of the world would be justified in accepting." 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 107 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIII 
 GUARDSMEN SPEND SUMMER OF 1917 IN BUFFALO CAMP 
 
 ON June 26th, 1917, the First Army Division of the American Expeditionary Forces arrived 
 in France. The news of the arrival abroad thrilled Buffalonians at home. National guards- 
 men immediately stirred about in anticipation of an early departure. The members of the 
 local regiments having had experience on the Mexican border viewed themselves, and we looked 
 upon them, as trained men of war. They were bronzed, carried their equipment in a soldierly 
 way, could keep step, and were experienced in the use of firearms. The average man of that 
 period possessed a thorough conviction that the members of the 74th Infantry, the 3d Artillery 
 and Troop I were then in complete readiness for front line fighting. All that remained, in the 
 judgment of the home folks, was a short training in the methods of trench warfare. The masses 
 were just hearing of gas masks, and steel helmets and trench mortars, of tanks, machine gun nests 
 and pill boxes. The guardsmen began to chafe at the task of guarding railroad bridges, elevators 
 and the like. They were looking for action. 
 
 Spring was rapidly merging into summer, draft boards were getting under way, and the new 
 national army was already discernible rising in the distance, when word was passed around that 
 the entire National Guard was to be federalized. The thing of paramount importance there was 
 in the fact that federalizing meant overseas service. Many had believed that the "regulars" 
 would be sent overseas and the National Guard used in manning army posts here. Now the talk 
 veered to the guardsmen going overseas while the drafted men would man the home posts. Though 
 the order for federalization was expected about July 1st, it had not materialized at that time and 
 the guardsmen fell back to their guard duty assignment. Those not so assigned continued to 
 report at the local armories and secure leave from day to day. 
 
 On July 1st an accident at Niagara Falls brought the guardsmen into favorable prominence. 
 A stretch of earth south of the cantilever bridge on the line of the Gorge Railway at Niagara 
 Falls, just where the track slopes toward the Whirlpool Rapids, disintegrated and dropped a 
 
 Company I, 74th Regiment, Mess Time at Kenilworth 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 109 
 
 loaded trolley car into the river. Many were killed in the crashing of the car. Others were 
 drowned. Soldiers on guard at the bridge were the first to see the accident. A half dozen guards- 
 men hurriedly rendered assistance. Private Joseph Crowley of the 74th Infantry was first to 
 give aid to the survivors and engage in the work of rescue. He climbed over the upturned trucks 
 and into the shallow water where he dragged victims through a window and stood waist deep 
 holding two unconscious women above the water. He remained at his post until the rescuing 
 party could give assistance. Crowley was aided in the work by Private McCue and Corporal 
 Poison, all of whom were commended for distinguished service. 
 
 On July 10th, President Wilson issued the proclamation drafting the national guardsmen into 
 the army of the United States, and providing for their mobilization. The President fixed August 
 5th as the date on which all national guardsmen would be formally taken into the United States 
 service. Orders issued by the Governor* through Adjutant General Stotesbury provided for the 
 mobilization of the 3d Artillery and Troop I on July 12th. On the same day, General O'Ryan 
 issued ordersf for the care of the armories after the departure of the old regiments. The 74th 
 Infantry had been federalized prior to that period, and the work was then directed to the con- 
 struction of a temporary camp until such time as the troops should be ordered to a national train- 
 ing camp. Considerable time was spent in recruiting work to bring the regiments up to full 
 strength, but it was not then very difficult to get men. The draft machinery was in motion. 
 Many Buffalo boys felt they would rather go with a Buffalo unit than into the army through the 
 selective service route. Accordingly the regiments filled rapidly. Members of the 3d Artillery 
 and of Troop I reported daily at their armories on Masten Street and Delavan Avenue respec- 
 tively. About August 1st a detachment from the 74th and another from the 3d Artillery were 
 named to go to Spartanburg to aid in preparing the camp for the guardsmen soon to be mobilized 
 into an army division at that point. A few days later. Captain Bradley Goodyear of the 3d Artil- 
 lery was detached and ordered to Fort Sill, Oklahoma, for a course in artillery training. 
 
 *STATE OF NEW YORK 
 The Adjutant General's Office Albany, July 12, 1917. 
 
 General Orders No. 35 
 
 I. The President of the United States, by virtue of the authority vested in him by the Constitution and Laws of the United States, having 
 called, through the Governor of the State of New York, into the service of the United States, as, of and from July 15th, 1917, all members of the 
 National Guard and all enlisted members of the National Guard Reserve of this State, who are not now in the service of the United States, except 
 members of Staff Corps and Departments not included in the personnel of tactical organizations and except such officers of the National Guard 
 as have been or may be specifically notified by his authority that they will not be affected by said call, and the Commanding General, Eastern 
 Department having designated the herinafter-mentioned organizations of the National Guard of this State, including the enlisted personnel of the 
 National Guard Reserve as included in said call, and having designated the hour, date and place of assembly pursuant to said call, as hereinafter 
 indicated, the Commanding General, New York Division, will cause the following organizations of the National Guard of this State to be assembled 
 at their respective armories for initial muster into the service of the United States on Monday, July 16, 1917, at 9 o'clock A. M., except those 
 organizations now engaged in guarding pubHc utilities under orders of the Governor, which will assemble at the same time and will be mustered at 
 the stations where now on duty, as hereinafter indicated, and except the 15th N. Y. Infantry and 4th N. Y. Field Hospital, which will be assembled 
 at the same time at Camp Whitman, N. Y., for initial muster, and which last two named organizations will be assembled at their respective home 
 stations on July 16, 1917, in ample time to arrive at Camp Whitman by 9 o'clock A. M. on that date. 
 
 II. All organizations assembled for initial muster under this order will have their company records and unserviceable property in immediate 
 readiness for inspection by mustering officer. Every effort will be made to prevent absentees from initial muster and to promote normal induction 
 into Federal service. 
 
 III. In accordance with memorandum from Headquarters Eastern Department, organizations assembled for initial muster under this order 
 at company, battalion or regimental armories are authorized to arrange for messing and sleeping such number of the men of their command stationed 
 at said armories as may be necessary outside of the armories. Under the same authority, commutation of ration at the rate of seventy-five cents 
 per day may be provided wherever troops cannot be messed in company or larger messes. 
 
 IV. Special Regulation No. 55, Mobilization of the National Guard, requires all Federal property in the State to be transferred to the United 
 States when the National Guard is called into Federal service. There are certain classes of property, however, that are not needed by the Federal 
 Government at this time, and such articles should not be brought into the United States service with the National Guard. No blue uniforms will 
 be transferred with organizations. No target material will be so transferred. If, in special cases, such material is needed, authority for transfer 
 will be granted. No Coast Artillery material (dummy armament, etc.) will be transferred. Every article of Federal property comprising the field 
 equipment (as shown by Circular No. 10, Militia Bureau, 1916) will be transferred to the United States. Prompt settlement by supply officers 
 with the State authorities of transfers of property to Federal service is imperative. All adjustments of property accountability will be made be- 
 tween the date of the call and date troops are moved to concentration camp. Attention is invited to General Orders No. 24, this office, dated 
 June 6, 1917. 
 
 By command of the Governor: 
 Official: Louis W. Stotesbury, 
 
 The Adjutant General, 
 tHEADQUARTERS NEW YORK DIVISION, NATIONAL GUARD 
 
 New York, July 12, 1917. 
 General Orders No. U 
 
 I. In accordance with telegraphic instructions of this date from the Adjutant General of the State, and pursuant to G. O. 35, A. G. O., 1917, 
 organizations of the National Guard will assemble at their several stations, as specified, preparatory to initial muster into the service of the United 
 States, on Monday, July 16, 1917, at 9 o'clock A. M. The provisions of Special Regulations No. 55, Mobilization of the National Guard, 1917, 
 will obtain. 
 
 II. Upon the assembly of organizations at armories, the guards there maintained will stand relieved from duty under State orders, as of July 
 15, 1917. 
 
 III. By direction of The Adjutant General, when armories are vacated by troops drafted into the service of the United States, Commanding 
 Officers of depot units will detail the appropriate number of their respective commands for the protection of armories, in accordance with G. O. 8, 
 D., 1917. (1116) 
 
 „_ , By Command of Major General O'Ryan, 
 
 Official: H. H. Bandholtz, 
 
 Lieut. Col., V. S. Infty., D. 0. L., .Acting Chief of Staff. 
 
110 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 On August 3d, Colonel Arthur C. Kemp, 74th Infantry, designated Company I to establish 
 a camp at the Kenilworth rifle range and begin the schooling of non-commissioned officers. Cap- 
 tain John H. Kneubel was placed in charge of the post. By August 14th all the companies of the 
 old 74th were encamped on the Kenilworth range. Practically all the men, including the out-of- 
 town boys got into camp on the evening of the 13th of August, in time to encounter a sweeping 
 rain storm. Their first night under canvas was a wet one. 
 
 Police Chief Martin and Sheriff Stengel swore in extra police officers to take up the work of 
 guarding elevators and munition plants, as the soldiers were withdrawn. The detachments from 
 Olean, Westfield, Jamestown, Tonawanda and other places where 74th boys had been on guard 
 moved to Kenilworth amid the plaudits of the people at various points along the route. Kenil- 
 worth soon became a city of tents. The 74th was there assembled as the 102d U. S. Infantry. 
 
 On August 18th information was given out at Washington that the 26th Division, composed of 
 New England guardsmen, and the 42d Di\asion composed largely of New York City guardsmen, 
 prominent in which was the "Fighting Sixty- Ninth" — the New York Irish regiment — would 
 soon be sent to France. Buffalo had acquired a very intense interest in the 69th regiment by 
 reason of the fact that Captain William J. Donovan of Troop I had been promoted — commissioned 
 Major and assigned to the command of a battalion of the old 69th, renamed the 165th Infantry 
 and attached to the 42d "Rainbow Division." The news that guardsmen were going overseas 
 made the Buffalo men eager to get to their training camp at Spartanburg, and the days spent at 
 Kenilworth from that time on were anxious and dreary ones. Each day brought new hope for 
 the order to move. But day after day passed and the days became weeks, while Kenilworth 
 still held them. Up in the old 65th Armory, where the members of the 3d Artillery, soon to be- 
 come the 106th Field Artillery, were quartered, the same spirit of restlessness was shown. While 
 the draft board's work was rushed, and the governmental agencies for the creation of the selective 
 service army moved along with the speed of an airship, time hung heavily on the border-trained 
 troops of the New York National Guard at Kenilworth and in the Buffalo armories. 
 
 The monotony of camp life, however, found some interruptions. Frank B. Baird entertained 
 the officers and men of Buffalo Base Hospital Unit No. 23 at dinner at the Buffalo Club on the 
 evening of August 28th. The officers of the 74th and the 3d were also his guests on that occasion. 
 At the armories, chaplains and Y. M. C. A. workers filled in the days and hours with various forms 
 of amusement. 
 
 On August 29th Colonel Kemp received word to proceed to Spartanburg as soon as transpor- 
 tation could be furnished and Buffalo grew excited. The camps and armories began to crowd 
 up at all hours of the day with relatives and friends of the soldiers and the committees in charge 
 of farewell ceremonies became active. The Festival of Light and Song was held on August 31st. 
 On September 1st, Chairman Walter S. Goodale called his committee together to complete final 
 arrangements for the departure of the men. The Committee planned a fitting farewell parade 
 in which the entire city could participate. Colonel Kemp reported repeatedly at that time, the 
 inability of the regiment to secure transportation accommodations. The review of the regiment 
 by Mayor Fuhrmann and the members of the Council at the Country Club, after several post- 
 ponements, was finally held on Wednesday, September 5th. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 111 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIV 
 FESTIVAL OF LIGHT AND SONG— A FORMAL GOOD-BY 
 
 A UGUST 31, 1917, proved to be a bright summer day in Buffalo. When the shadows of night 
 
 /\ came on, a slight breeze off the lake drove away the last lingering heatwaves of the mid- 
 
 ■^ -^ Summer sun and left us a balmy, cool, refreshing evening. The day had been set apart by 
 
 the City to give expression in a formal manner, with music and song, to the city's pride in her 
 
 citizen-soldiers, and extend to them a formal farewell. 
 
 The Little Meadow at Delaware Park, setting as it does a fairy garden amid the giant old trees 
 of Buffalo's beautiful breathing space, was illuminated on that particular night, in every nook and 
 corner, by innumerable though partly hidden and subdued lights. Buffalonians by the thousands 
 were scattered on the benches and on the grass under the trees. Every path leading to Little 
 Meadow was thronged with earnest citizens eager to extend the hand of fellowship to the depart- 
 ing soldiers. The night was cool and still, and, stepping lightly over the velvety lawn, the immense 
 audience, moving in almost reverent attention did not break the forest silence. The surroundings 
 and the atmosphere in which the Festival was held added immeasurably to its success. 
 
 The evening's program had run through, the departing speech had been delivered, the 
 musical numbers had been rendered and the presentations had been made when the most impres- 
 sive feature of the evening's program, an added feature, was presented. A woman clad in 
 immaculate white stepped out on the platform, and the strains of the popular song of the hour, 
 "There's a Long, Long, Trail" broke the stillness of the woods. Her voice was clear and the 
 notes of her song floated over the night air and found a hundred echoes in the nooks and ravines 
 around the lake. When she concluded, fifty thousand voices acclaimed their appreciation of the 
 singer and her song. The singer was Mrs. George B. Barrell. She had planned the great ceremonial 
 had led the work from its inception, and, in the absence through illness of the soloist of the even- 
 ing, had herself stepped into the breach and completed the programme in a grandeur that had 
 not been anticipated. Thousands of soldiers stood up on the lawn and cheered again and again 
 and then all joined in — 
 
 THERE'S A LONG, LONG TRAIL 
 
 Nights are growing very lonely, All night long I hear you calling, 
 
 Days are very long, Calling sweet and low. 
 
 I'm a-growing weary only. Seem to hear your footsteps falling, 
 
 List'ning for your song. Ev'ry where I go. 
 
 Old remembrances are thronging thro' my memory, Tho' the road between us stretches many a weary mile, 
 
 Till it seems the world is full of dreams I forget that you're not with me yet, 
 
 Just to call you back to me. When I think I see you smile. 
 
 Chorus. 
 There's a long, long trail a winding, 
 
 Into the land of my dreams. 
 Where the nightingales are singing. 
 
 And a white moon beams. 
 There's a long, long night of waiting, 
 
 Until my dreams all come true; 
 Till the day when I'll be going down. 
 
 That long, long trail with you. 
 
 — Words by Stoddard King. Music by Zo Elliott 
 
 CITY CEREMONIAL— AUGUST 31, 1917. 
 
 Buffalo's tribute to her men and women, who, by the dedication of their lives to the 
 service of our country, bring honor to their City. — From Official Program. 
 
112 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 i 
 
 t<«.- 
 
 
 
 Saluting the Colors at Country Club Review 
 74th on March to Country Club for Final Review, September 10, 1917 
 Reviewing Party on Country Club Grounds— Fuhrmann, Kreinheder, Heald, Hill, Malone, Sweeney 
 Company E on Practice March at Kenilworth 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 113 
 
 Song and Light was given as a tribute to the National Guardsmen. The spirit that prompted 
 the undertaking and guided the efforts of the Committee in charge was born of a desire that the 
 citizens of Buffalo might gather and give expression to the affection and family interest with 
 which they surrounded the men and women going out to represent Buffalo at the front; to affirm 
 together their faith in the righteousness of the cause, and their belief in the power of the Spirit of 
 God to sustain our Arms in the mighty conflict. The program was planned and executed in the 
 hope that it might serve the people of the Community on such an occasion. 
 
 Mayor Fuhrmann issued a proclamation as follows: 
 
 "Buffalo is realizing more clearly every day the large part we are to play as a city in the carrying on of the war. 
 Our troops, our two regiments, the men soon to be called into the service, our naval militia, and the base hospital 
 unit, will represent us at the front, and it is fitting that as a community we should have the opportunity of 
 expressing our appreciation of the honor due these men and women, and of uniting in a farewell to them. The 
 President of the United States has himself expressed a desire that some appropriate recognition be accorded them, 
 and, in this desire, I am sure that all our citizens will concur. The evening of August 31st has been set apart for 
 such a civic ceremonial, to be held in Delaware Park. While it is to be regretted that, owing to military exigencies, 
 all of our troops may not be present, this should not prevent us from honoring those who are about to make such 
 great sacrifices for their country, and all citizens of Buffalo are urged to attend and participate, that those who 
 have gone and are going may feel the united support and affection of their home city." 
 
 The Little Meadow, with its broad expanse of lawn, completely surrounded, as it is, with trees, 
 was an ideal location for the ceremony. The platform for band, speakers, Community Chorus, 
 and a children's chorus of five hundred, was erected at the eastern end of the enclosure and was 
 the climax of the lighting plan. Against the background of trees, with the great wheel of light 
 in the centre and the many lanterns and screens of curious design and color combination on either 
 side, it was a beautiful picture. All about the Little Meadow in the trees hung great lanterns 
 some eight and ten feet high, of Mr. Bragdon's design and through the Park from Lincoln Parkway 
 and Rumsey Road, hundreds of small Japanese lanterns served as guides on the pathways lead- 
 ing to the scene of the Ceremony. 
 
 The regiments marched into the park from different directions, and were seated, at the request 
 of their Commanding Officers, on the ground, in a space reserved for them, directly in front 
 of the platform. 
 
 Excerpts* from Buffalo newspapers of the following day give an excellent impression of the 
 evening. An account, however, would be incomplete without speaking of the ready and splendid 
 cooperation met with during the days of preparation and carrying-out of the plans. Members of 
 the Park, Police, and Fire Departments and of the City Bureau of Weights and Measures were 
 untiring in their assistance ; the Red Cross and many firms of the city carried the hundreds of 
 
 *THE FIRST FAREWELL— From Buffalo Enquirer 
 
 No more impressive scene was ever witnessed in Buffalo than that last night when upwards of 50,000 men. women, and children participated in 
 
 the program at Delaware park in honor of those citizens who are soon to leave to accept roles in the great drama that is being enacted across 
 
 the Atlantic. Seated on the ground in a section reserved for them, the regiments of infantry and artillery, the hospital units and the Red Cross 
 
 nurses heard and saw the great patriotic demonstration which they will carry with them as long as they live. It was a scene never to be forgotten. 
 
 SONG AND LIGHT MAKE FAIRYLAND OF PARK MEADOW— From Buffalo Express 
 
 .\ full moon climbing through heavy clouds gave the final touch of splendor to a setting which made the meadow a fairyland and won success 
 for the City Ceremonial of Song and Light at Delaware Park last night. There was a touch of awed surprise in the attitude of the great crowd 
 that filled the meadow to overflowing when the first note of music burst forth and song and light became a harmonious whole. 
 
 Paths between the trees were transformed into lantern-lined vistas. The lanterns beckoned everywhere. They pointed the way for the throngs 
 that flowed through every entrance toward the glowing center of the celebration. 
 
 The 74th infantry, the 3rd artillery, and the base hospital unit faced the dark green wall of the trees before which rose in a profusion of light 
 and color the stand for members of the Community Chorus. All the women were in white, while in front, below the rostrum upon which Director 
 Harry Barnhart directed the accompaniment and chorus, were grouped the children. 
 
 The police attempted to estimate the size of the crowd, but estimates were futile. * * * There may have been .50,000 people. It was the biggest 
 crowd that ever attended a public celebration in Buffalo. 
 
 * * * 
 Colonel Arthur Kemp of the 74th infantry, in accepting the kits for his men and thanking the Red Cross for them, said: "These kits will be a 
 constant reminder of this great farewell and will bring back the God Bless You of Mayor Fuhrmann as given to-night in behalf of the whole city." 
 FAREWELL TO KHAKI-CLAD SOLDIER BOYS— From Buffalo Commercial 
 When 3,000 soldiers of Buffalo's various military units marched out of Delaware Park last night they carried with them the cheers and well 
 wishes of 60,000 persons who had come to the park to witness the song and light festival arranged as a farewell to the boys in khaki. Last night's 
 celebration — the largest attended of any public affair in Buffalo — was splendidly staged and successful in every detail. 
 
 The meadow and paths surrounding were filled to overflowing. There was that hesitancy that marks the step in the dark. For once the bois- 
 terous laughter was stilled; the character of the entertainment seemed to strike the thousands — leaving them silent and awed. 
 
 BUFFALO HAS REASON TO BE PROUD— From Buffalo Times 
 None who participated in the ceremony of light and song at the Little Meadow in Delaware Park last night will ever forget the beauty, splendor 
 and the patriotism of the occasion. It was a magnificent spectacle, artistically arranged and consummated by an outpouring of more than 60,000 
 people, who with cheers and songs showed their love and loyalty to the flag and its defenders. Affairs of that kind will leave their imprint alike 
 on soldier and civilian and Buffalo has reason to be proud of the occasion and above all they are proud, as they showed last night, of the boys in 
 whose honor it was held. 
 
 (Continued on page 115.) 
 
114 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Buffalo Bids Good-By to Old 74th Regiment. Through Lanes of Cheering Thousands the Troops Marched Away 
 
 Upper — Mayor Fuhrmann is shown at the head of the Hne; next, Councilmen Heald, Hill, Kreinheder, Malone, from left to right; 
 Councilman Heald is shown waving his hand. Colonel Arthur Kemp, Adjutant Ralph K. Robertson and staff 
 
 Lower — The 74th Regiment off to war 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 115 
 
 children to and from rehearsals and the performance itself;the Albright Art Gallery allowed the 
 Court to be used for the children's practising; and the Boy Scouts assumed full charge of the seating 
 arrangements and ushering. It would be impossible to mention individually all those who gave 
 of their time and energy, but an enthusiastic response to all requests for help was unfailing from 
 everyone approached and all were eager to contribute and have some share in the city's God- 
 speed to her sons and daughters. 
 
 The Committee directly in charge consisted of Mrs. Chauncey J. Hamlin, Miss Eflfie Burns, 
 Mrs. George B. Barrell, Mrs. Henry Ware Sprague, Mrs. Walter P. Cooke, Mrs. A. J. Elias, 
 Mrs. William Moncrieff and Mrs. William A. Morgan. Following is the official program: 
 
 "I See America go Singing to Her Destiny" Walt Whitman 
 
 Buffalo Community Chorus Buffalo Park Band Children's Chorus 
 
 T-, t Harry Barnhart, Conductor Claude Bragdon, Master of Lights 
 
 Fanfare 
 
 Military March — "America" Francis MacMillen 
 
 Buffalo Park Band 
 "America" — Everybody sing 
 Invocation — Rev. John C. Ward, Chaplain 74th Regiment 
 
 "Hail, Bright Abode" Wagner 
 
 Chorus and Band 
 Address by the Hon. Louis P. Fuhrmann 
 
 Band Number — "Cortege du Serdare" Ippolitov Iwanov 
 
 New Hymns of the People: 
 
 "March! March!" Farwell 
 
 "Our America" Stetson 
 
 " These Things Shall Be " Griffes 
 
 "New Hymn to Free Russia" Gretchaninow 
 
 Chorus and Band 
 Presentation of American Flag by Mrs. John Miller Horton, Regent, Buffalo Chapter, 
 
 N. S. D. A. R. to the Base Hospital Unit 23, U. S. A. 
 Presentation of Comfort Kits by Ansley Wilcox on behalf of the Buffalo Chapter, 
 American Red Cross, to Members of the 3rd Field Artillery, the 74th Regiment and 
 the Naval Militia. 
 Acceptance by Col. Kemp for the 74th Regiment, by Col. Howland for the 3d 
 
 Field Artillery and Lieut. Bailey for the Naval Militia. 
 Community Singing 
 
 " The Heavens Are Telling The Glory of God " Haydn 
 
 Double Trio, Chorus and Band 
 
 "Ave Maria" Bach-Gounod 
 
 tMARY Ward Prentiss 
 
 (a) "Spring Song" Rubenstein 
 
 (b) "Lullaby" Stetson 
 
 (c) "The Red, White and Blue" 
 
 Children's Chorus 
 
 "Pilgrim's Chorus" Wagner 
 
 Community Chorus and Band 
 
 "Hallelujah Chorus" — (from "The Messiah") Handel 
 
 Benediction— Rev. Walter F. Fornes, Chaplain 3d Field Artillery 
 "star spangled banner" 
 
 *BUFFALO'S benediction— From The News 
 
 The "Little Meadow", Delaware park, last evening was the scene of a gathering unique in Buffalo's history— an inspiring and unforgettable 
 event — a festival of light and song. 
 
 Conceived in the spirit of affection and pride in our soldier boys, its proponents witnessed the consummation of their desires— the tangible 
 whole-hearted expression of the community's love and faith in our boys who are soon to go forth to fight for the loftiest ideals that ever entered' 
 the mind of man. 
 
 Well and aptly chosen was the designation "Festival of Light and Song." Light is the symbol of truth; it is the torch of liberty. 
 
 And it IS to uphold these principles — to establish truth and to intensify the love of liberty — that our boys have pledged themselves in the name 
 01 the Nation. 
 
 * * 
 
 The "Festival of Light and Song"! 
 
 Wondrously carried out was the idea and a more inspiring and thrilling event, or one so full of deep feeling and meaning was never experienced 
 by the community. 
 
 To the boys who wore the uniform of service the gathering signified consecration to duty. 
 
 To us it was as if we stood mentally and spiritually with uncovered heads as our boys go forth, bidding them Godspeed in their task 
 
 It was Buffalo s benediction on her fighting sons. 
 
 tOwing to illness at the last moment, Mrs. Prentiss was unable to sing and Mrs. Barrell sang "The Long, Long Trail". The Audience and 
 Chorus joined in singing the refrain. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 117 
 
 CHAPTER XXXV 
 
 NATIONAL ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES 
 
 "Y T" TEDNESDAY night, September 3d, 1917, the foundation men of the great national army 
 \/\l left Buffalo — five per cent from each exemption district. From every corner of the city 
 
 * * they assembled, surrounded by a cheering throng of relatives and friends as they prepared 
 for the march to the station. The city committee provided an escort headed by mounted police and 
 including a platoon of city firemen, the Home Defense Regiment, and the Police Reserves. Regi- 
 mental bands took their allotted places in the line, and early evening saw the procession in motion 
 down Main Street toward the railroad stations. Immense banners indicating that the ceremony 
 was in honor of the departure of the first increments of The National Army waved at the head 
 of the line. Chief Martin filled the post of grand marshal, and the members of the Council, 
 headed by Mayor Fuhrmann, marched at the head of the escort. Along the route to the trains 
 bombs were exploded high in the air and colored fire illuminated the route; crowds pressed from 
 the walks into the streets, passed the cordon of police, some to slap the soldier boys on the back, 
 wish them luck, imparting instructions which ran the gamut from "Take Berlin!" to "Bring 
 back the Kaiser's whiskers!" 
 
 Along the lines from the prancing horses of the mounted police in the van to the loiterers and 
 stragglers at the end, floated the Stars and Stripes. Soldiers on the sidewalks stood at attention 
 as the flags went by and civilians doffed their hats. We had all learned in that day to reverently 
 salute the fiag. It was dearer to us then as we saw it amid the storm clouds of war than it ever 
 was back in the days of peace. Theretofore it had meant simply a token of our right to life, liberty 
 and the pursuit of happiness; the emblem of American institutions and citizenship. On that 
 
 Scene at a Draft Board Headquarters When Boys Were About to Leave 
 
118 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 if 
 
 Old 65th Regiment Getting Under Way 
 
 Packing up equipment at Armory grounds 
 Loading gun carriages on cars in railroad yards 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 119 
 
 trying day, when the first contingent of Buffalo boys was marching away, all recognized that 
 the flag had taken on a new significance. It was now a symbol of service. Men and women of 
 Buffalo knew then the boys would have to march behind its folds and sleep beneath its sentinel 
 stars on shell-torn fields. The throng along the line of march did not cheer. They were criticised 
 the next day by the newspapers for their lack of enthusiasm. But their hearts were heavy. They 
 were proud of those boys, but they realized the horrors of war. Accordingly, they were silent. 
 All had read the President's letter* to the new soldiers. 
 
 The sun was sinking across the river as they gathered that day to see the boys off, and in the 
 growing dusk it was not difficult to visualize the training camp — France — the trenches — the 
 battlefields — the heroic sacrifices — the supreme sacrifice! It was not surprising that the people 
 did not cheer when the boys were leaving. The bands struck up the "Old Grey Mare," and 
 other catchy tunes of the hour, and the marchers put a "punch" into the parade. 
 
 As they neared the train sheds they sang; "We Won't Come Back 'Till It's Over Over There. " 
 
 Most people tried to be merry. But as the youngsters boarded the train mothers and sisters — 
 and fathers — wept. They may have shed tears of regret; perhaps they shed tears of pride and 
 of glory. But they shed tears. The members of the draft boards marched at the head of their 
 respective contingents. The station reached, they began calling the roll. Police tried to keep 
 the passenger areas clear of the crowd. But the mothers demanded the last farewell, and no 
 patrolman in the immense platoon of police — to their honor be it said — had the heart to deny 
 them that right. Finally the board members, hopped from the trains, perspiration trickling from 
 under their hat bands. Trainmen shouted, the crowd was pushed and hauled back and forth, 
 bands were playing "America", and boys and mothers were still exchanging from car windows 
 their good bye caresses as the heavy trains pulled out of the station. Buffalo had sent away its 
 flrst contingent to the National Army of the United States, bound for Camp Dix, N. J. It was 
 an historic day. 
 
 Soon, however, scenes of that character became a common occurrence. Neighborhood celebra- 
 tions were held as the various draft contingents departed. Banquets were given in many instances 
 to the departing men. Knitting societies and relief associations equipped the boys with kits, 
 sweaters, caps, scarfs and socks. On September 26th, more than 2,000 boys were sent away. And 
 gradually it became a monthly affair. The departure of the big colored contingent was the occa- 
 sion for an immense parade and a banquet at St. Stephen's Hall, arranged by the Rev. Henry 
 A. Mooney and a committee of the draft board members with James A. Ross as Chairman. 
 Speeches were made by public officials and prominent colored citizens. Parades and dinners, 
 aerial bombs and red fire illuminated the occasion. No contingent left Buffalo without a good-by 
 celebration of some sort. 
 
 *"To the soldiers of the national army: You are undertaking a great duty. The heart of the whole country is with you. Everything that you 
 •do will be watched with the deepest interest and with the deepest solicitude, not only by those who are nearer and dearer to you, but by the whole 
 nation besides. For this great war draws us all together, makes us all comrades and brothers, as all true Americans felt themselves to be when we 
 first made good our national independence. 
 
 "The eyes of all the world will be upon you because you are in some special sense the soldiers of freedom. Let it be your pride therefore, to 
 show all men everywhere not only what good soldiers you are, but also what good men you are, keeping yourselves fit and straight in everything 
 and pure and clean through and through. Let us set for ourselves a standard so high that it will be a glory to live up to it, and then let us live up 
 to it and add a new laurel to the crown of America. My affectionate confidence goes with you in every battle and every test. God keep and guide 
 you. — WooDROw Wilson." 
 
120 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 When Orders Came to Leave for Spartanburg 
 
 Old 74th boys cheering the glad news of their departure 
 Breaking camp, preparatory to departure 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 121 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVI 
 AMID CHEERS AND TEARS GUARDSMEN LEAVE HOME 
 
 A UGUST had given way to September and the falling leaves announced the coming of Winter 
 l\ before the old guardsmen finally boarded the cars for Spartanburg. On September 22d at 
 -^ -*- Kenilworth Field the 74th marched in its last Buffalo review. Brig. General George C. 
 Fox, General Edgar B. Jewett, Lieut. Colonel Edmund P. Cottle, Maj. Lee H. Smith and 
 August Schneider, who held the post of drum major for more than twenty-five years, were in 
 the reviewing stand. Another mass meeting for a demonstration of loyalty, with Job Hedges as 
 the principal speaker, several parades, and plenty of red fire, served to fill in the time through 
 the latter part of September until the soldiers departed. 
 
 After weeks of waiting, and innumerable hours of preparation by the farewell committee, the 
 order finally came to the 3d Artillery Regiment to get under way. All the committee's plans 
 went a-glimmering. The regiment was under way during the night of the 24th of September. 
 Trucks rattled down Michigan Avenue to the Erie Station through the night, carrying equipment 
 and supplies. No time was given for a formal parade nor did the people have an opportunity to 
 say good-by.* The first section left early on the morning of September 25, and by one o'clock 
 of that day the last section pulled away from Buffalo. Sirens on the fire tugs sounded their screech- 
 ing farewells. Mayor Fuhrmann shook hands with Captain P. J. Keeler, in charge of the last sec- 
 tion, and the regiment, destined to participate in the great barrages which finally swept the 
 German Army across the Meuse, was rattling over the ties toward Spartanburg. 
 
 Buffalo erected a towering monument of well wishes for her soldiers in the old 74th Regiment 
 of Infantry when finally, on Saturday, September 29th, they left their home city en route to the 
 western battlefront via Spartanburg, France and Belgium. Denied the opportunity to do honors 
 to the Artillery boys, Buffalonians showered their well-wishes on the Infantry Regiment. Factory 
 whistles, fire tug sirens and church bells joined in the tumult of sound which announced their 
 departure. They marched down Main Street through lanes of thickly packed, sad-eyed, thou- 
 sands. Buffalo had never before tendered such a demonstration to civilians or soldiers. The 
 ceremony began in the early hours of the morning and lasted long into the afternoon when 
 the last section of the train pulled out of the Lehigh Valley yards leaving heavy hearted 
 thousands with nothing but the memory of khaki-coated marchers and tousled heads poked 
 from car windows. 
 
 It was estimated that more than 300,000 people thronged the streets along the line of march. 
 The crowds began to assemble as early as eight o'clock, at which time the 74th men had been 
 ordered to report at the armory, having spent their last night in Buffalo at home. Ropes strung 
 along the curbs in front of the armory kept back the crush of thousands. At 9.30 the shrill call 
 of the bugle sent the men scurrjang into their company rooms to emerge a few minutes later 
 with their marching equipment and packages. At 9.45 o'clock the regimental band gave a con- 
 cert and the various companies formed on the main drill floor. 
 
 Every man was there and the loyal guardsmen were proud of it for their voices lifted in the bars 
 of "Hail, Hail, the Gang's all Here— What the Hell do we Care Now." There was little of pathos 
 there then. That came later. 
 
 Shortly before 10 o'clock Chaplain John C. Ward delivered a brief invocation and the men in 
 
 *"It is unfortunate that the movement of the 3d artillery comes so unexpectedly that nothing in the way of an official send-off can be arranged. 
 The regiment will move so irregularly that it will be almost impossible even for the citizens to line the streets and give the boys a cheer. 
 
 "The regiment will slip out of Buffalo and the vast majority will know nothing about it. War is a coldly businesslike proposition nowadays. 
 Regiments leave their home stations for the front with little or no excitement on the part of the populace. An unsentimental war office has abolished 
 gold lace, bullioned epaulettes and brilliant uniforms. Even the inspiriting colors have been abandoned. 
 
 "But hearts still beat fast, and this going away to war is the stirring thing it has always been. There are the pangs of parting, the unspoken 
 curse against the thing that drives a great free people into bloody arms; the hope they'll all come back and the wish that they'll acquit them- 
 selves well and obtain their share of glory. We'd like to believe those guns of the Third will never be called on to speak their message of death 
 and destruction, but this seems a wish doomed to unfulfillment. Our hope is then that the regiment does its duty well. We feel sure it will. aIi 
 Buffalo will be waiting, watching, hoping brave things from her boys "over there." — Buffalo Commercial, September 24,1917. 
 
122 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Off to War 
 
 Old 74th marching from their armory for the last time 
 First Battalion moving out 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 123 
 
 khaki stood reverently with bowed heads. "Oh God, give us strength to serve Thee as soldiers 
 of freedom," said the little chaplain. 
 
 Then Col. Arthur Kemp, commanding; Lieut. Col. WiUiam R. Pooley, and staff marched out 
 of the armory preceded by 200 members of the 74th Regiment Veterans' Association and followed 
 by the regiment. With salvo after salvo of cheers breaking from the crowds assembled along 
 Prospect Park, the men marched over Connecticut Street to Prospect, thence to the Circle at 
 Richmond Avenue where they were met by Grand Marshal John Martin, Mayor Fuhrmann, 
 Councilmen Charles M. Heald, Charles B. Hill, Arthur W. Kreinheder and John F. Malone, 
 with the escort made up of firemen, police officers, home guardsmen, volunteer police patrolmen, 
 the G. A. R. and various fraternal and other bodies in uniform. 
 
 Shortly after eight o'clock the marching organizations gathered at the Circle and long before 
 the time set to start the parade several thousand men had assembled at the points designated 
 by the grand marshal. In front of the First Presbyterian Church Colonel Herbert I. Sackett 
 formed his Home Defense Corps. About 1,000 men were in this section in their natty grey uni- 
 forms. Major E. C. Shoemaker was in command of the first battalion. Captain Edward L. Jung 
 led the second battalion. Captain Knight Neftel was at the head of the third battalion and Captain 
 Harry S. Johnson led the battalion composed of companies from East Aurora, Depew, Tonawanda 
 and two companies from the east side. 
 
 G. A. R. members formed in line on the Porter Avenue side of the Circle. 
 
 City firemen, about 500 strong, formed at the Jersey Street firehouse and marched around the 
 Circle to their position in the line. Chief Bernard J. McConnell commanding. 
 
 Knights of St. John, in full dress uniform, led by Colonel John L.Schwartz followed the Knights 
 Templar and Scottish Rite Consistory, led by George K. Staples and William H. Ellis. A number 
 of uniformed bodies were in that division. 
 
 The policemen were at the head of the line and they formed the first division at North and 
 Main Streets. At a few minutes after ten o'clock Grand Marshal John Martin gave the word to 
 start. The parade moved out rapidly and in splendid formation. 
 
 The Circle had been a busy place that morning. People in hundreds gathered there at an 
 early hour. Lawns were trampled down in North Street by the surging multitude. 
 
 In Main Street the crowd was indescribable. Atop buildings, hanging perilously out of win- 
 dows, hectoring the police along the curb lines — the thousands waved flags, handkerchiefs and 
 wafted good-bys. 
 
 The committee appointed to arrange the farewell demonstration was composed of the fol- 
 lowing: 
 
 Mayor Louis P. Fuhrmann, chairman; Councilman Charles M. Heald, Councilman Arthur W. 
 Kreinheder, Councilman John F. Malone, Gen. Edgar B. Jewett, Albert H. Adams, Patrick H. 
 Cochrane, Daniel W. Emerling, Howard A. Forman, Dr. Francis E. Fronczak, Dr. Walter S. 
 Goodale, Chief John Martin, Chief Bernard J. McConnell, Enerio Randaccio, Herbert I. Sackett, 
 George K. Staples, Daniel J. Sweeney, Col. John L. Schwartz, Major N. E. Turgeon, Moses 
 Wallens, Albert B. Wright. 
 
 ORDER OF PARADE 
 
 Mounted police. Grand marshal, Chief of Police John Martin; Aides to grand marshal, Dr. 
 Walter S. Goodale and Daniel J. Sweeney; Mayor Louis P. Fuhrmann and Councilmen Charles 
 M. Heald, Charles B. Hill, Arthur W. Kreinheder, John F. Malone; Park Band. 
 
 Division No. 1 — Major Newton E. Turgeon, marshal, uniformed police department, uni- 
 formed fire department, police reserve. 
 
 Division No. 2— Albert B. Wright, marshal; Knights Templar; Scottish Rite Consistory; 
 Knights of St. John; miscellaneous uniformed bodies. 
 
 Division No. 3— Captain Herbert I. Sackett, marshal; Home Defense Corps. 
 
 Division No. 4— Albert H. Adams, marshal; Grand Army of the Republic. 
 
 Division No. 5 — 74th Regiment, Col. Arthur Kemp, commanding. 
 
124 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 The battalions were up to the standard of recruiting and were commanded by: 1st, Major 
 Minnis; 2d, Major Gibson; 3d, Major Wood; headquarters company. Captain Robertson, com- 
 manding; machine gun squad. Captain Branch; supply company, Captain Hubbell; sanitary 
 corps. Major Beebe. Dr. Arthur C. Schaefer Deputy Health Commissioner of Buffalo and a 
 captain on the headquarters staff was chosen sanitary officer at Spartanburg. 
 
 I 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 125 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVII 
 
 GEORGE S. BUCK, WAR MAYOR 1918-1919. 
 
 THROUGH the summer of 1917 Buflfalo, like her sister American cities, was involved in war 
 work to such an extent that local affairs were wholly subordinated. Every man, woman and 
 child was doing his or her "bit" toward winning the war. Attention locally was centered 
 on the munition plants and the farms. However, we were approaching another municipal elec- 
 tion. No matter how earnest and exciting were the war work campaigns, the political struggle 
 lost none of its attractive power. Not only the men, but the women, were eager for political 
 
 E. B. Holmes Selling First War Savings Stamp to Mayor George S. Buck 
 
 combat; the men concerned in the mayoralty election, and the women absorbed in the campaign 
 for the extension of suflfrage to the women of New York State, which happily ended in a decisive 
 victory for them. 
 
 Louis P. Fuhrmann had had two terms as Mayor — eight years. His friends enthused over the 
 prospect of another election. He had neither asked nor given quarter in the bitter political battle 
 for the commission form of government two years previously, and the adoption of the new charter 
 was particularly a personal defeat for him. When the time for nominations in the late months 
 of 1917 rolled around, however, there seemed to be an exceptionally strong demand for his re- 
 nomination. A committee of citizens of various political affiliations, headed by William E. Robert- 
 son, a former president of the Chamber of Commerce, called on the Mayor and urged him to 
 become a candidate for renomination. That may have been part of a political play or political 
 
126 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 program, but whether it was or not, it gave expression to a genuine sentiment in business circles, 
 and surely was expressive of what we called "observable public opinion." 
 
 So strong was the demand for Mayor Fuhrmann's renomination, that a number of prominent 
 business men who were approached by political antagonists of the Mayor, declined to Hsten to 
 the suggestion that they become candidates against him. 
 
 Finally, the opposition forces turned to George S. Buck, County Auditor, and Mr. Buck 
 agreed to become a candidate for Mayor. Of course, the new charter provided that partisan- 
 ship should be eliminated from the city government, and candidates were assumed to be entirely 
 removed from partisan designation. It was well known, however, that Mayor Fuhrmann would 
 have the support generally of Democratic party men, while Mr. Buck would have the support 
 of the Republican party men, or those among them in each case who supported candidates on 
 party affiliation. 
 
 George S. Buck was considered a good candidate though not a particularly strong one. He 
 had been re-elected County Auditor two years before by scarcely one hundred majority. He 
 was a young man, however, fearless in the discharge of his duties in the county office, fair-minded, 
 just, and wholly without prejudice. He had no smell of smoke in his official garments. He had 
 played the game square with all men; had never taken unfair advantage of any political associ- 
 ate or opponent, and never sought his personal advancement over the ruined reputation of others. 
 He was conceded to be a clean, decent candidate, but was not generally looked upon as possess- 
 ing the personal popularity or the aggressive qualities which would make him a formidable oppo- 
 nent of Mayor Fuhrmann. A. J. Elias, successful business man, without any particular organiza- 
 tion support, also entered the field. 
 
 Another factor entering into the 1917 election was the increasing strength of the Socialist 
 Party movement. Franklin P. Brill became a candidate, backed by the members of that party. 
 The SociaUst element had been augmented by those who desired to register a protest against the 
 war, and the supporters of candidate Brill were listed generally as being in a large measure the 
 pacifistic element of the community. Of course, many of the Brill supporters were out and out 
 Socialists who had been such prior to the war, but they numbered not to exceed 3,000, while his 
 vote at the primaries exceeded 14,000. 
 
 No candidate had a party column or party emblem on the official ballot, but though unde- 
 signated the candidates were not untagged, and the voting public knew the party alignment of 
 each. Mayor Fuhrmann polled upward of 17,000 votes in the primaries; Mr. Buck 14,600 and 
 Mr. Brill 14,200. Mr. Elias polled something over 6,000 and the balance of the votes were blank 
 or scattering. The two receiving the highest number of votes were declared the nominees to con- 
 test for the office at the regular election in November. 
 
 The campaign was not unlike other political campaigns of preceding years with this one excep- 
 tion — the soldiers were authorized to vote at their various camps. The National Guard units 
 were then at Spartanburg. The sailors, for the most part, were at the Great Lakes Training 
 Station. Camps Dix and Upton held many selective service boys from Buffalo. The campaign, 
 while particularly active in Buffalo, was none the less active about the camps, but it all ended 
 with a general reversal of the surface sentiment prevalent at its start. On election day George 
 S. Buck was chosen Mayor by upward of 10,000 plurality. 
 
 Councilman John F. Malone who was on the ticket for re-election and who was of the same 
 political party as Mayor Fuhrmann, withstood the tide that was running against his ticket 
 and was re-elected by a substantial plurality. 
 
 Mayor Buck went into office on January 1, 1918. He took the oath in the Council Chamber 
 on New Year's Day before an enthusiastic audience which packed the chamber. Flowers were 
 everywhere about the hall, and the new Mayor, indeed, had a throng of well-wishers and a host 
 of supporters from all walks of life about him, as he set out on his mayoralty career. 
 
 In his inaugural address he laid down concisely and clearly his plan of action. In brief, he 
 promised a clean city; and, for his own part, equal and exact justice to all men, no matter what 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 127 
 
 creed, color or party affiliation. In the year and a half that has elapsed between his entrance 
 into office and this publication, Mayor Buck has adhered religiously to that promise. Some of the 
 days have been exceptionally dark and cloudy, and he has encountered no end of storms. Support- 
 ers have fallen away from him and undoubtedly new friendships have been formed. The wheel 
 of politics never ceases to grind, and not infrequently the friends of yesterday become the enemies 
 of to-day, and vice versa. But no one at this period would venture to say that the Mayor failed 
 in the slightest in the promises he made in the Council Chamber on that New Year's Day. 
 
 Though Buffalonians were then thoroughly saturated with the needs of the war. Mayor 
 Buck's first message* contained only a slight reference to it. American soldiers had not entered 
 into combat, but many Buffalo boys were then in training overseas with the First and Second 
 Army Divisions, composed of regulars, and with the 42nd Division to which Maj. William J. 
 Donovan was attached, and the camps were rapidly filling up with Buff"alonians who were soon 
 to see hard service. 
 
 *We have every reason to be proud of the part that Buffalo has played in the service of the country. We sent troops to the Mexican border in 
 numbers far in excess of our share. Our people have responded splendidly to every call to duty since the nation took up its share of the burdens 
 of the great war. We go about our daily routine so peacefully that it is hard for us to realize that Buffalo is a strategic point of great importance. 
 Its shipping facilities by water and by land are arteries for the movement of precious supplies. There is no harm in speaking of this for the enemy 
 knows it, but it is important that our people realize the situation and be prepared to co-operate with the federal government in any measures 
 it may deem necessary to protect our water front, our factories and our railroads from damage by the enemy. 
 
 While the war has added heavily to our burdens and our problems, it has brought with it this compensation. I believe there never was a spirit 
 of helpfulness and willingness to co-operate as exists among our citizens to-day. The growth of this spirit has been most marked, and combined 
 with all the wonderful natural advantages which the people of this city possess I believe there never was a time when we could look forward with 
 greater hopefulness to the future than at present. Let us congratulate ourselves that we are Buffalonians. 
 
128 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVIII 
 FORT PORTER PLAYS ITS PART IN WORLD WAR 
 
 FORT Porter is located between Massachusetts and Connecticut Streets on the north and 
 south, and Front Street and Niagara River on the east and west. It is situated on a sixty 
 foot bluff at the northeast end of Lake Erie, where the lake opens into its outlet, the Niagara 
 River and toward the Canadian Shore. The reservation covers about 283 2 acres and is practically a 
 continuation on the north of one of Buffalo's Parks, "The Front." 
 
 Fort Porter was named in honor of General Peter B. Porter, a distinguished volunteer officer 
 in the war of 1812, Secretary of War in 1828, and at one time part owner of Niagara Falls. 
 
 The early history of Fort Porter is nebulous but, so far as known, it has never been the scene 
 of a siege or battle. After the fall of Fort Erie on the Canadian side and after the battle of Lundy's 
 Lane in 1814, American troops were encamped near the present post site. After the Patriot War 
 (1837) in Canada, troops were stationed in a neighboring portion of Buffalo for about six years. 
 
 In 1841 a governmental appropriation of $50,000 was made for the purchase of grounds for a 
 defensive works near Buffalo and the present reservation was obtained partly by such purchase 
 and partly by various small cessions from the State of New York. 
 
 Up to 1861 Fort Porter was under the jurisdiction of the Corps of Engineers with an ordnance 
 sergeant, or other suitable person, in charge but in August of that year the Secretary of War 
 designated it as a volunteer rendezvous, and the second Buffalo Regiment, under General Bidwell 
 and an Artillery Company under Major Weidrick were the first volunteer organizations here 
 assembled. From that time on throughout the Civil War, the reservation was used as a military 
 camp for the collection, organization and instruction of volunteers. 
 
 In 1866 the post was in process of abandonment, when the "Fenian Raid" of that year brought 
 troops to Buffalo, and Fort Porter dates its charter as a permanent garrisoned post from that 
 time. 
 
 After 1869 the Fort was used as an infantry post until this country entered the World War. 
 At that time there was a detachment of the 22nd Infantry on the post assigned there to do guard 
 duty. During the months of June, July and August, 1917, all New York State candidates, with 
 the exception of those from New York City, were examined at Fort Porter for the 2d Officers' 
 Training Camp. Lieutenant John H. Baker, who was the Commander of the Post, was in charge 
 and Captain John G. Stove was the Chief Medical Officer. 
 
 During that summer the people of Buffalo were greatly interested in the idea of a Hospital 
 Unit being organized, consisting wholly of local men and this was realized when Base Hospital 23 
 was mobilized at Fort Porter on August 21, 1917, under the command of Major Marshall Clinton. 
 
 Three other hospital units were organized at Fort Porter while Base Hospital 23 was still at 
 the post. They mobilized on November 12th. They were Unit A from Philadelphia, with Major 
 John A. Jopson commanding; Unit F from New York City, with Major L. K. Noff commanding; 
 Unit K from Omaha with Major Donald Macrae Jr. commanding. Unit F left Fort Porter on 
 January 7, 1918, and three days later the other two units followed all bound for overseas. 
 
 Fort Porter officially became U. S. Army General Hospital No. 4 on November 10, 1917, with 
 Major Thomas D. Woodson commanding. Only medical and surgical cases were treated for the 
 first few months but on February 28, 1918, the first psychiatric cases were received, being 22 in 
 number. During the rest of the year there was a gradual increase in the number of cases each 
 month. The total number of admissions for the first year was 1062 and the number of discharges 
 was 835. The discharges were either to the homes of the patients or to a government institution. 
 
 The hospital had now become a special institution for the care of psychiatric and nervous cases 
 although medical and surgical cases were still treated at the post hospital. Extensive alterations 
 had been made in the old barracks building to fit it for the proper care of psychiatric patients. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 129 
 
 The old squad-rooms were made into wards and the apparatus for the treatment of such cases 
 was installed. In caring for the patients all available means, of a surgical, medical and hydro- 
 therapeutic nature, were used in order to improve their condition and hasten their recovery. The 
 doctors assigned here to treat these patients were men who had had from ten to fifteen years' ex- 
 perience in State Hospitals caring for psychiatric cases. 
 
 Besides these medical officers and the experienced attendants there was a very efficient staff 
 of nurses of the Army Nurse Corps, and Army Reserve Nurse Corps. The first group of nurses 
 arrived at the hospital February 16, 1918, and rendered a splendid service under the leadership 
 of Anna G. McCrady, A. N. C. As the number of patients increased there was naturally a greater 
 need of more nurses and the staff gradually grew to 36 in number. Miss McCrady was sent 
 overseas the following July and was replaced by Jane B. Sylvester, A. N. C. Miss Sylvester was 
 transferred in October of the same year and Lutie F. Tufts, A. N. C. was assigned to fill the 
 vacancy. 
 
 Occupational work for the patients was introduced October 2, 1918, by competent Recon- 
 struction aides under the leadership of Miss Alma L. Whitney. This included rug-weaving, 
 basket-making and other work in the line of Arts and Crafts. 
 
 The full value of the work of these nurses and reconstruction aides will never be fully appre- 
 ciated except by the patients who came under their care. 
 
 In order that the patients be kept continually in a cheerful atmosphere the post orchestra and 
 the Commission on Training Camp Activities furnished a musical program throughout the wards 
 daily. Two vaudeville programs were given by professional talent from the theaters in the city 
 each week, so that there was plenty of entertainment. 
 
 The patients were given daily exercise and daily walks in the vicinity of the Fort. The weather 
 during the winter of 1918-1919 was very mild and the nearby park made an ideal promenade. 
 The men did not suffer from the cold winds that usually sweep over the Fort and Park, from the 
 river, during the winter months. 
 
 The Fort Porter Reporter, a weekly newspaper, was published in the interests of the patients 
 and the enlisted personnel, and copies of this paper were sent to the homes of all the patients so 
 that the families of these men were kept informed as to what was going on at the hospital and 
 the Fort. The paper acted as a sort of weekly letter home. 
 
 Major Woodson, now Lieutenant Colonel Woodson, was transferred to Plattsburg, N. Y., in 
 June, 1918, to take charge of the General Hospital at that place. Upon his transfer. Major Albert 
 E. Brownrigg assumed command of the post. He was Commanding Officer until January 22, 
 1919, when Lieutenant Colonel Joseph E. Bastion arrived to take command. 
 
 Colonel Bastion's staff consisted of the following officers: 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel Joseph E. Bastion, Commanding Officer; Captain Paul F. Compton, Ad- 
 jutant; Major Oliver E. Balch, Quartermaster and Supply Officer; Captain Philip Smith, Chief 
 of Service; 1st Lieutenant George P. Kent, Personnel Adjutant; 1st Lieutenant Frank A. Stock- 
 well, Chaplain; 2nd Lieutenant John P. Flanders, Registrar. 
 
 This old army post probably never did any greater service to the Government than it rendered 
 during the World War, especially after it became a General Hospital. To have a part in the 
 restoration to health of the unfortunate soldiers, most of whom saw active warfare, was indeed a 
 noble work and Buffalo may well be proud of Fort Porter for the services done there during 
 the greatest war in history. 
 
130 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIX 
 BASE HOSPITAL NO. 23 
 
 THE Base Hospital 23 of Buffalo, organized by the Red Cross and manned by Buffalonians 
 and people from the surrounding towns, was mobiUzed on the 21st of August, 1917, at 
 Fort Porter. The unit was in training there for three months. It numbered 28 Doctors, 
 75 Nurses and 153 enlisted men. They had several disappointments while at Fort Porter, expect- 
 ing every day to get orders to move for "Somewhere in France," or somewhere in the United 
 States. Four or five times they were ordered to leave within 24 hours, but just at the last minute 
 the order was cancelled. Finally they got away on the 21st of November, 1917, leaving Fort 
 Porter at 6.30 P.M. It was pouring rain, and they marched through dark streets to the Lehigh 
 Valley depot. 
 
 A small crowd followed, mostly relatives, who had waited all day to see them oif . Amid tears, 
 smiles and kisses from the loved ones they were leaving behind, the train pulled out at 8.20 P.M. 
 They had no idea of the whereabouts of their destination. 
 
 This story of the trip is told by Private Hourigan: "We arrived in Jersey City at 7.15 A.M. 
 The Red Cross served us breakfast, good hot coffee, sandwiches and cigarettes. At 8.30 A.M. 
 we boarded a ferry-boat and crossed to Hoboken. Here we lined up, and everything seemed to 
 be figured out ahead of our arrival. Our list of officers, nurses and men, was already in the hands 
 of the shipping officers. At last our turn came to board the troopship, our names were called, 
 and as we went up the gangplank we each got a card with our bunk number on it, also a meal 
 card. The boys were all excited, knowing by this time that we were bound for Somewhere in 
 France. The boat finished loading about 11 o'clock and we left New York at 12.15 P.M. the 22nd 
 of November. 
 
 In Railroad Yard at 6 A. M. as Troop Train Pulled Out 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 131 
 
 "The name of our troopship was the Carpathia, Cunard Line, and manned by a British crew. 
 We started out with rather bad luck, one man was accidentally shot and instantly killed by a 
 guard going on first duty. He was examining his rifle which went off, causing this sad afl'air, the 
 boat slowed down and the body was taken off at the Statue of Liberty. We arrived at Halifax 
 on Saturday afternoon; it was snowing and very cold. We stayed over Sunday, and left Monday 
 afternoon at 1.30. It was here we picked up the rest of the convoy, 10 boats in all. 
 
 " Steaming out to sea was a beautiful sight, all the boats in line and the boys cheering to one 
 another. The harbour at Halifax was very well protected with mines — only a narrow passage left 
 open. The boats kept close together, the first few days out. On the fifth day we ran into a severe 
 storm which lasted for three days. The boys got seasick, all our dishes were broken, so we had 
 to bring our mess kits to the front. During the storm, seven of the boats left us. Being capable 
 of making more speed, they went on ahead. After the storm calmed down a little, we found that 
 the Carpathia had shipped quite a lot of water and the pumps were working hard bailing her out. 
 She was an old boat and had the reputation of being the first to the assistance of the Titanic, 
 which foundered off the banks of Newfoundland. 
 
 "We were kept busy on board. Life boat drill twice a day, inspection daily and we wore life 
 preservers at all times. The instructions on board to abandon ship, three long blasts and two 
 short ones. One afternoon a wave hit the boat on the port side, causing her to give a sudden lurch. 
 At the same time the horn blew two blasts and nobody waited for the third. (Of course there 
 wasn't a third.) There was a mad scramble for the upper decks. Some of the fellows were shaving 
 and ran with the lather on their faces. Others forgot their life belts and it looked as though we 
 were ready for our salt water plunge, when we got orders to return to our quarters. It was a false 
 alarm. The rats on board, were quite at home and tried hard to make the acquaintance of the 
 boys while sleeping. It wasn't anything unusual to be run over by a barrage of rats. 
 
 "Our tenth day out and no encounter with the subs. It was too rough for them to operate. 
 Our quarters in the boat were located on the lower deck. The bunks were laid out in blocks of 
 thirty, fifteen lower and fifteen upper. At the corners of each block the boys put up street 
 signs, and we had on board the Carpathia some of the familiar streets of Buffalo. The orders 
 were very strict concerning smoking after dark, or throwing any refuse overboard. A light at 
 night can be seen for quite a distance at sea, and it would enable the Boche subs to locate us 
 easily; the refuse thrown overboard would also enable them to follow up our trail. 
 
 "Guards had orders to shoot any man showing a light after dark. We had a few concerts, 
 held in the mess room. On the seventeenth day we sighted land and steamed up the river Mersey 
 to Liverpool. We anchored in the harbor over night, and docked next morning at nine o'clock. 
 The first greeting on landing was a severe hail-storm. It was terribly cold. 
 
 "We stood around all day on the dock. At six o'clock we boarded a train and pulled into 
 Winchester at 12.30 A. M. It was pouring rain and we had to march for four miles, mostly up- 
 hill, to a rest camp. We stood in the rain and mud with our full packs for fully two hours before 
 a shack was assigned to us. These shacks had concrete floors, with accommodations for fifty 
 men. The bunks were three planks laid on the floor with a straw mattress. 
 
 "We remained in Winchester for five days, had some long hikes through the English country, 
 and were taken through the wonderful Cathedral in the little town. Leaving here after our rest, 
 we arrived at Southampton, boarding a boat which had on it about two hundred horses occupy- 
 ing the best apartment. Our quarters were in the hold underneath the horses. We had no bunks, 
 but slept in the hay which had been provided for the first-class passengers — the horses. 
 
 "The crossing of the Channel at that time was done at night on account of the sub warfare. 
 So we left Southampton after dark. About midnight some Boche planes were fljdng over the 
 Channel to make a raid somewhere in England. All the searchlights were turned on them from 
 the forts and the boats guarding the waters between France and England. Their anti-aircraft 
 guns also put up a wonderful barrage. While this was taking place our destroyers, two of which 
 we had guarding us while crossing, made an awful noise blowing their sirens and making circles 
 
132 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Vittel, France, where Base Hospital No. 23 was Located 
 
 around our boat. I inquired what the trouble was, and found out that a sub was in the vicinity. 
 The boat returned to Southampton and we made the trip in safety the following night. 
 
 "We landed in Havre in the early morning. It was snowing, and our first glimpse of France 
 didn't look very promising. While landing we were cheered by crowds of French old men and 
 women. We marched to a British replacement camp, on the outskirts of the city, where we 
 remained for two days. The sleeping quarters here were very simple; we slept on a sheet of 
 lattice wire, rolled up in our blankets. 
 
 "On the third day at three o'clock we marched through a heavy snow storm in the dark to 
 the railroad station. The cars we traveled in were third class, the next thing over there to a 
 box-car, and with about the same amount of comfort. The express trains are just as fast as a 
 street car in the U. S. After traveling almost four days we finally reached our destination, a 
 beautiful watering place called Vittel on the Vosges Mountains, in the Lorraine Sector. 
 
 "We were tired and hungry and a good many had colds. Afterward we had a good hot supper 
 served us by Unit 36 of Detroit, who were also located in Vittel and arrived there a month ahead 
 of us. Our barracks were in a beautiful building called the Casino, formerly used as a gambling 
 house. On the walls were some splendid paintings. It had a theater which was taken over by 
 the Red Cross for the purpose of entertaining patients and personnel of the hospital center. We 
 enjoyed some good vaudeville shows and splendid moving pictures, both French and American. 
 This casino resembled Monte Carlo on a small scale. It is also known as the place where the 
 King of Portugal met Gaby Deslys the famous French actress, which romance led to the loss of 
 his throne. 
 
 "For a small town Vittel had some beautiful and modern hotels, which were all taken over by 
 the U. S. Government to be used as hospitals. Unit 23 of Buffalo had seven and Unit 36 of Detroit 
 the same number. 
 
 "We had quite a time learning enough of the French language to make known our wants to 
 the townspeople, but we finally got along very well. When we left Buffalo our outfit was supposed 
 to be a 500 bed hospital, but after a few months in Vittel, we had a capacity of over 3,000. We 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 133 
 
 had two surgical hospitals with a capacity of twelve hundred patients, two medical hospitals with 
 a capacity of fifteen hundred patients; one contagious hospital, capacity three hundred; one officers' 
 hospital, capacity two hundred fifty, and one nurses' hospital, capacity of one hundred fifty. The 
 hotels occupied by Unit 23, were as follows: The Continental, Terminus, Angle-Terre, Nouvel, 
 La Providence, Lorraine, and Joan d'Arc. The Lorraine was the officers' hospital and the Joan 
 d'Arc the nurses' hospital. In fitting up these hotels as hospitals they found an enormous task. 
 They were not used since the outbreak of the war and some were in very bad condition. The 
 plumbing was in bad way; the rooms were dirty and dusty, and had to be scrubbed from ceiling 
 to floor. The electric wiring and lighting fixtures needed a lot of repairing. It took almost three 
 months to get the building in a habitable condition. Our beds, bedding, and other hospital materi- 
 als, didn't begin to arrive in Vittel until February, although it left Buffalo two months ahead of 
 us. It came rather fast when once started, at the rate of six, eight and ten cars a day. We worked 
 hard and long, unloading cars and sorting the materials for the different hospitals. The boys did 
 it with a smile. We went over to do our bit and not to kick about hard work and long hours. 
 We knew that the people back home would feel proud of Unit 23, when they found out that it 
 was the best organized and equipped outfit in France. We had splendid doctors and nurses, and 
 the enlisted men never had any ill feeling toward each other. Their willingness brought them 
 praise even from their own officers. At last our hospital was in running order and our first patients 
 came in during March. At that time we took care of all Allied soldiers. We had French, English, 
 Italian and men from the colonies, all at one time. 
 
 "Later when the U.S. troops were coming over more rapidly and the First and Second American 
 Divisions were moving up to the Lorraine Front, the commandant of the hospital centre received 
 orders to evacuate all Allied soldiers but Americans, and thereafter to care for Americans only. 
 We soon had a great many of our boys as patients but nowhere over-crowded. They got the 
 best medical attention and plenty of good food ; in fact, the very comforts of home. Every ward 
 had a talking machine and plenty of records, and it made the boys feel good to listen to the jazz 
 music, other lively pieces and the patriotic selections of their home land. 
 
 "We didn't get over crowded until the St. Mihiel drive started, then we had to use every bit 
 of space to be found. The hallways were fitted up with cots and the capacity of each hospital 
 was far exceeded. The operating rooms were busy day and night, ambulance and Red Cross 
 trains were coming in at all hours. The suffering of wounded men was intense but they seemed 
 to think nothing of their wounds, smoked cigarettes and "kidded " one another over their injuries; 
 at the same time, many of those men had arms or legs shot to pieces. As fast as patients could 
 possibly be moved they were sent to base hospitals farther back. 
 
 " Our center being the nearest to the Lorraine Front, was made an evacuation hospital during 
 the St. Mihiel drive. The Red Cross did wonderful work among the wounded boys. They visited 
 the hospitals every day, gave them everything they needed, and entertained them in every way. 
 
 "We didn't see much of the real action, but most of us were up at the front for some time. 
 The wonderful and most powerful barrage in the history of the world, put up by the Americans 
 before their drive at St. Mihiel, could be heard distinctly fifty miles back. Places not very far 
 from us were bombed by the Boche airmen. Mirecourt, ten miles; Erinal, twenty miles, and 
 Neuf-chateau thirty miles, were bombed several times. They flew over our center very often, 
 but never did any damage. 
 
 "Our loss of patients was very small, due to the excellent treatment given them by our skilled 
 doctors and nurses. It was sad when we lost some of our own unit. The first one we lost was 
 our beloved adjutant, Capt. Burroughs. The boys missed him very much. Whenever they got 
 into any trouble, a little trip to the adjutant's office, and everything was easy for them. We 
 used to call him" Dad." The same week that we lost Capt. Burroughs, we lost one nurse — Miss 
 Fallon — two enlisted men, Cook Ranny and private Tubbs, and later another enlisted man, 
 Private Streight of Lancaster, N. Y. 
 
 "Base Hospital 23 handled close to 15,000 patients during the period of the war." 
 
134 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Women at Work on the Farm — Buffalo Girls Picking Peas on an Erie County Farm 
 
 Shoveling Refuse from a Freight Car at East Buffalo 
 
 At the End of a Perfect Day 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 135 
 
 CHAPTER XL 
 WHEATLESS DAYS IN BUFFALO HOTELS 
 
 A s the big German drive of March, 1918, forced back the French soldiers nearer and nearer 
 l\ to Paris, and Prince Rupprecht's army battered its way over Haig's forces to Ypres and 
 ■^ -^ mounted the vantage points of Kemmel Hill, America tightened its win-the-war policy. 
 Difficult days were those for the epicure and the erstwhile traveling salesman. We had no travel- 
 ing salesmen then. They disappeared in a night. Nobody had anything to sell. Factories were 
 making trucks or tanks or explosives or shells or parts of aeroplanes. And no salesmen were 
 needed for the necessities of life. The market was short of these. 
 
 Traveling men may not be the premier eaters of the land, but they have been frequently pictured 
 as such. Whether it was traveling men or professional men or bankers or merchants who dined 
 sumptuously before 1918, they found the food restrictions growing distressingly exacting before 
 the winter of 1918 was out of the way. Heatless Mondays were followed by meatless Tuesdays 
 and wheatless Wednesdays. No cereals for breakfast! No wheat rolls! No wheat bread ! Home 
 cooking was under the Government ban so that the fastidious eater could turn nowhere for relief. 
 Pie crust sans wheat flour was like the proverbial play of Hamlet minus Hamlet. One taste was 
 enough. The sugar bowls disappeared from the tables. Sometimes sugar would be served in 
 miniature paper bags. Sometimes waiters or waitresses could be importuned to put a spoonful 
 of sugar into one's tea or coffee before serving it, and frequently patrons would wait in vain for 
 sugar. Sometimes it happened that restaurants were entirely without sugar. Frostings no longer 
 adorned the cakes; sherbets and ices were gone until the dawn of a brighter day. Substitutes 
 for flour undermined the flavor of all pastries, and the ingredients which were now injected into 
 the substructure of a strawberry shortcake left even that heretofore popular dish a poor forsaken 
 thing. 
 
 The man who lunched at the larger hotels — and the same rules obtained elsewhere — found on 
 his menu card a reminder* of the food price he was expected to pay; not for food but in food 
 for war. 
 
 *THE GENERAL PLAN 
 
 For conservation no bread and butter shall be served unless the guest requests it, and when bread and butter is served, it must not be put upon 
 the table until after the first course of the meal is served. 
 
 The service of bread should conform to the rules of the Baking Regulations, which require that no bread with less than 20 per cent of substi- 
 tutes in it be served, that not more than two (2) ounces of Victory Bread or rolls (bread containing 20 per cent of wheat flour substitute or 40 per 
 cent of rye flour), or if no Victory Bread is served, not more than four (4) ounces of other breads, such as corn bread, Boston brown bread, muffins, 
 etc., be served to one person at any one meal, except sandwiches, or bread served at boarding camps, or rye bread which contains at least 50 per' 
 cent of rye flour. 
 
 Rolls should weigh not more than one (1) ounce each. All bakery products must be made in accordance with the rules and regulations of the 
 Baking Division. This applies to all bakery products served, whether made on the premises or purchased from bakers. 
 
 Toast must not be served as garniture or under meat. 
 
 Standardize your butter service and limit it to one-half ounce. 
 
 Cereals — Serve all cereals sparingly, as they are greatly needed both for the Armies of the Allies and are ideal foods to store and transport. 
 
 Meats — Portions of meat should be cut to the best advantage, and as small as practicable to meet the requirements of patrons, and no more 
 than one portion of any kind of Meat or Poultry should be served at any one meal. If patrons desire it, one mutton chop, one lamb chop or one 
 pork chop should be served to an order, and reduced portions of ham and bacon should be served. 
 
 Bacon must not be used as a garniture. 
 
 Fats — Serve as few fried dishes as possible, as it is necessary to conserve all fats, both animal and vegetable. 
 
 Trim and save all coarse fats from meat before cooking. Munition and soap manufacturers need waste fats. 
 
 Si;gar — Serve no sugar unless requested; if requested, not more tham one teaspoonful or its equivalent to any one person at a meal. One small 
 lump is the service for demi-tasse. The use of the sugar bowl on the table must be discontinued. 
 
 Serve no candies after meals. 
 
 Ehminate icing made with cane or beet sugar from all cakes. 
 
 Use honey, maple sugar, corn sugar and syrups as sweeteners. 
 
 Fresh Vegetables and Fruits — Serve fresh vegetables and fruits whenever possible. Attractive preparation will popularize their use. 
 
 Feature vegetable dinners, and fruit and vegetable salads. 
 
 Minimize the use of canned fruits and vegetables — save tin and labor. 
 
 Coffee — In order to relieve ships transporting coffee to this country, so that we may use them to transport our troops and supplies abroad, we 
 ask the hotels and restaurants to economize in the use of coffee by every possible care. 
 
 Cheese — A shortage of Cheddar, commonly called American cheese, made apparent by the tremendous demand of our Army and the Allies, 
 "^ T^u^ it necessary for us to ask public eating places to avoid the service of this particular kind of cheese wherever possible. 
 
 The service of cheese with salads and the use of cheese with cooked dishes, such as macaroni, Welsh rarebits, etc., should be avoided. 
 
 Ice Serve ice sparingly. Practice rigid economy in its use. Ammonia, which is used in making artificial ice, is greatly needed in the manufac- 
 ture of munitions. 
 
 The Food Administration believes the fourth meal to be unnecessary and unpatriotic. Where suppers are served all meats should be eliminated 
 ^"d^ such dishes should be substituted as sea foods, game in season, egg dishes and such by-products of meat as are desirable. 
 
 • li^ Food Administration believes elaborate lunches and banquets are unpatriotic and should not be served. Lunches and banquets are recog- 
 nized as being necessary for social enjoyment of the people, but at such gatherings a simple meal should be served, such as would be eaten in the 
 home. No waste or extravagant use of food should be allowed in this critical time. The hour for such functions should be so regulated that 
 the repast will take the place of one of the regular meals. 
 
 {Continued on page 136) 
 
136 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 The August 1, 1918, menu card offered by ^Manager Ireland of the Lafayette Hotel would 
 scarcely be recognized in the same hotel a year later. Enlarged signs were displayed attractively 
 about the Lafayette dining room. They seemed distressingly diversified and numerous. Waiters 
 were cold and cheerless, and spoken language was more unintelligible to them than ordinarily. 
 Those who felt that Mr. Ireland was too conscientiously devoted to the conservation of food 
 found an identical condition in the dining department of H. Montgomery Gerrans' Iroquois 
 Hotel, where both Mr. Gerrans and Mr. Green spent laborious hours with those who did not 
 understand the value of the change which had come over the elaborately dressed tables. 
 
 A portion of an Iroquois breakfast menu of the first Tuesday in April, 1918, read: 
 
 CEREALS (With Cream) 
 
 Cream of Wheat 25c Oatmeal 25c Crushed Wheat 25c 
 
 Triscuit 25c Corn Flakes 20c Grape-Nuts 25c Mapl-Flakes 20c 
 
 Hominy 25c Fried Hominy or Corn Mush 25c Force 25c 
 
 Shredded Wheat Biscuit (ind.) 25c Puffed Wheat or Rice 25c 
 
 And the following day, the same section read: 
 
 CEREALS (With Cream) 
 
 As requested by the U. S. Food Administration, we shall not serve any wheat cereals 
 nor wheat in any form until further notice 
 
 Corn Flakes 20c 
 
 Grape Nuts 25c 
 
 Mapl-Flakes 20c 
 
 Fried Corn Mush 25c 
 
 Puffed Rice 25c 
 
 Mr. Gerrans' meat menu for a Monday breakfast follows: 
 
 Broiled Mutton Chop 65c 
 
 Small Sirloin Steak $1.45 
 
 Sirloin Steak, Creole $2.50 
 Tenderloin Steak $2.00 
 
 Hamburger or Salisbury Steak 80c 
 Broiled Veal Kidney 70c 
 Lamb Kidneys, Broiled 60c 
 
 Broiled Sweetbread on Toast 90c 
 Broiled Pork Tenderloin 80c 
 
 Broiled Honeycomb Tripe 60c 
 Chicken Livers en Brochette 65c 
 Spring Chicken (half) $1.15 
 
 Lamb Chops, Broiled 80c 
 
 Sirloin Steak $2.00 
 
 Extra Sirloin $3.00 
 
 Small Tenderloin $1.00 
 
 Ham or Bacon 60c 
 
 Beechnut Bacon 70c 
 
 Sautees au Madere 70c 
 
 en Brochette 90c 
 
 Broiled Fresh Pig's Feet 60c 
 
 Breakfast Steak $1.00 
 With mushrooms $2.90 
 Pork Chop 75c 
 
 Veal Cutlet 75c 
 Calf's Liver, Saute with Bacon 70c 
 Fried Salt Pork 60c 
 Corned Beef Hash with Poached Egg 65c 
 Broiled Virginia Ham 75c 
 Chipped Beef in Cream 60c 
 
 Broiled Royal Squab $1.25 
 
 Squab Chicken, Broiled $1.75 
 Chicken Hash with Green Peppers 85c 
 
 Reduce the use of china, linen and silver in order to effect a saving in labor. Serve food whenever possible in the plate or dish from which it is 
 to be eaten. Plate service should be established wherever possible; that is, the meat and vegetables comprising the main part of the meal should 
 be placed on one plate instead of served in several side dishes. Service plates should be eliminated. Place only the amount of silverware on the 
 table that is actually to be used for the meal. 
 
 All so-called general bills-of-fare used in hotels and public eating places should be abandoned. The great variety of dishes that are usually listed 
 on a general bill-of-fare necessitates carrying in the ice-boxes large quantities of meats and other produce, and spoilage and waste are liable to 
 follow. A simple bill-of-fare should be arranged — one for breakfast, one for luncheon and one for dinner or supper, all with a limited number of 
 dishes, and changed from day to day to give variety. A standard form of menu card is recommended, maximum size about 6" x 10". This should 
 be printed on paper or cardboard of as light a quality as practicable. The simplifying of menu cards alone would save thousands of tons of paper 
 «nnually. 
 
 The encouragement of hors d'oeuvres, of vegetables, salads, fruits, sea foods, and the use of made-over dishes and of animal by-products, such 
 as Ox-tails, Tongues, Calves' Heads, Livers, Kidneys, Tripe, Sweetbreads, Brains and Feet will save greatly in all staples and permit the effective 
 use of many available foods. 
 
 Table d'hote meals, as prepared and served here in America, often result in waste and should be discouraged in larger hotels and restaurants 
 wherever conditions permit. In circumstances requiring table d'hote meals, the bill-of-fare should be limited to few courses and a small variety, 
 such as is served on the continent of Europe, and should be very carefully super\'ised. The American Plan hotel or restaurant should require its 
 guests to choose specifically, in writing, from the items offered, as in the European Plan, so as to avoid waste. 
 
 The cafeteria system is recommended for employees wherever possible, as it facilitates service and eliminates waste. 
 
 Use local and seasonal supplies. Do not require abnormal use of the railways and steamships to transport products from far afield, now that 
 we need all cars and ships for war purposes. 
 
 All waste food should be saved to feed animals or for reduction, to obtain the fats. No food should be burned. 
 
 The fundamental principle of the regulations of hotels and restaurants depends upon the saving of waste food and the using of left-overs to 
 the best advantage. Waste in the kitchen could be curtailed considerably by not having a large amount of food prepared for expected guests who 
 may not come. It is better that the American people wait a few minutes for their food than that an unnecessary amount of food be cooked, in 
 anticipation of a larger number of guests than will actually be served. The suggestion is made that all menu cards be printed in plain English, 
 actually descriptive of the food, so that the patron may readily determine what he is ordering. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 137 
 
 But on the following day: 
 
 Panfish, Fried or Broiled 50c Smoked Salmon 50c Ocean Bass 70c Bluefish 70e 
 
 Shad Roe 65c Filet of Sole 60c Yellow Pike 60c Fried Smelt, Tartare 60c 
 
 Whitefish 65c Cod Fish 60c Salmon Steak 75c Fresh Mackerel 60c 
 
 Halibut Steak 65c Yarmouth Bloater 50c Broiled Salt Mackerel 60c 
 
 Kippered Herring 50c Picked-Up Codfish in Cream 50c Codfish Cake 40c 
 
 Broiled or Steamed Finnan Haddie 55c Chicken Livers en Brochette 65c 
 
 Broiled Royal Squab $1 ,25 Spring Chicken (Half) $1.15 
 
 Squab Chicken, Broiled $1.75 Chicken Hash with Green Peppers 85c 
 
 Each passing day added something new to the Iroquois menu card — but it was usually a new 
 restriction. On March 29, 1918, this inscription appeared at the head of the menu: "Our Lunch 
 Rolls to-day are made of One-Half Graham, One-Quarter Rye and One-Quarter Barley Flour." 
 Apparently Mr. Gerrans found his patrons disappointed in the way he made his March rolls, 
 for on April 1st, the menu read: "Our Lunch Rolls to-day are made of three-tenths each, Corn 
 Meal, Corn Flour, Barley Flour and one-tenth Potato Flour. " That was enough! No explanatory 
 roll notes appeared after that. Possibly Iroquois people took their potatoes in "French Fried" 
 form rather than in the form of rolls thereafter. Though the menu cards lacked many of the 
 dishes previously served they contained some very commendable things. This, for example: 
 "The More Liberty Bonds You Buy, The Nearer Peace Will Be." And this: "Remember That 
 Every Dollar You Have is of Draft Age." And then, for fear some enthusiastic diner might 
 feel the reference was to things eatable rather than to liberty bonds, this admonition appeared: 
 "Money cannot buy wheat to-day." and after the word "wheat "some thoughtful, but altruistic, 
 individual inserted the words "nor waiters". 
 
 At the Statler Hotel, as at all the Buffalo hotels and restaurants, a very faithful and pains- 
 taking effort was made for the conservation of food. While the restrictions were a matter of 
 constant jesting, through it all there ran a spirit of patriotic resolve to abide fully and conscien- 
 tiously with every Government requirement. In the center of Mr. Statler's menu, probably 
 inserted by Manager Hinkley or Associate Manager Daniels, appeared this trite suggestion 
 
 Are You Overlooking Fish? 
 If you've gotten the habit of consulting the menu from "Entrees" down, look higher to-day. 
 Some of the very best things on the bill are listed under "Fish." Suggestion: Fried Sole — sweet, 
 and brown, and tender — with a bit of salad that sharpens your taste for the delicate flavor of this 
 "daintiest of the fishes." All fish is boned in the kitchen. 
 
 "Conserve Beef — Wheat — Sugar — It's the war — Lets help. 
 
 In after years it may be interesting to glance over the menu cards of the war days. 
 
138 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER XLI 
 WITH DON MARTIN IN LONDON 
 
 MOST American soldiers longed to see London and Paris. The overseas trips were illuminated 
 with a discussion of the wonderful things of the old world. They filled the weary- 
 days as the convoyed transports slowly plowed through the mined and submarine-infested 
 ocean. The American correspondents were hurried into Europe ahead of the American troops. 
 It was an able, witty, jovial crew of writers who took passage for England at about the time of 
 the Pope's peace proposal in the late days of 1917. On the passenger list of correspondents at 
 that time appeared the name of Don Martin, a former Buffalo reporter, then political writer of 
 the New York Herald. Martin had worked on the Buffalo Express for many years and was widely 
 known throughout the city. His residence was at Silver Creek, a few miles from Buffalo, where 
 his mother, brother and sisters and his motherless daughter made their home. Martin's wife had 
 died shortly after her child was born, and his love was centered in his daughter. He wrote many 
 letters to her during his days in Europe, and frequently he sent letters to his sister Alta, a sten- 
 ographer employed in the law office of John L. Romer. An accompHshed journalist, it was 
 not unnatural that he should be an entertaining letter writer. He saw London and Paris as 
 the soldier boys saw those cities, and with them. He tramped the streets with the first American 
 troops. 
 
 Writing from the Savoy Hotel, London, on Sunday night of January 6, 1918, to his sister he 
 gave this brief, but enveloping view of England's wonderful city during the war period : 
 
 "Alta: 
 
 "It seems almost foolish to write because letters are so slow in getting through the censor. I understand it takes 
 three weeks for a letter to get to New York. I wrote a very long letter to Dorothy about the trip over and it was 
 of course intended for you all. 
 
 "London is a dismal place. Streets are pitch dark at night on account of the constantly expected air raids. It is 
 almost hopeless to go anywhere except in a taxicab. There has been no raid since I arrived but there probably will 
 be soon. I am quite safe here in the Savoy where I shall probably remain for a while, and my wanderings during 
 the day are so restricted that I can easily find a safe spot if a raid warning is given. 
 
 "To-day at breakfast I met Dan Reid who is here after a visit to France for the Food Commission. With him is 
 Roscoe Mitchell of Buffalo whom I know; a Mr. Lincoln of Jamestown whom I also know and Everett Colby of 
 New Jersey with whom I am acquainted. I shall probably have dinner with them to-morrow. 
 
 "London is a wonderful city, I have been around it pretty well; have seen some of the big army and admiralty 
 men and expect soon to see Lloyd George. I have written very little yet. I want to get a line on things first. This 
 much I have learned: Germany is not yet licked but will be. The Allies cannot finish the job till the United States 
 gets a good army over in France. There are all kinds of peace reports but England is determined to keep at it until, 
 with America's aid, Germany is defeated. England is putting up with all kinds of discomforts. Food is none too 
 plentiful. There is no fruit except at prohibitive prices; matches are precious and meat is getting scarce. And on 
 top of that London gropes around in complete darkness from 4.00 P.M. until 8.00 A.M. and business is very seriously 
 interfered with. 
 
 "I shall probably stay here for some time but likely will go over to France for a brief stay when the hardest part 
 of the winter is over. I can't exactly say I like it. No American does. But of course it is experience. No one can 
 ever regret knowing London. 
 
 "I haven't heard anything from the United States yet and probably won't for a while. I feel a little bit homesick, 
 I dare say on account of Dorothy, but that will wear off. I know she is all right. I have a couple of pictures of 
 her on my dresser and after a while I will get a letter. I hope she had a good Christmas. That candy — and nuts — 
 you sent came in very well. I nibbled away at them until the other night. Good candy can't be had here — sugar 
 is too precious. 
 
 "This is a rather expensive hotel but is the rendezvous for everyone of importance. It is about like the Waldorf 
 in New York though not so big. I have a large room, splendidly furnished, with a private bath, and steam heat. 
 It is the only hotel in the city with steam heat. Everything in London is heated with fireplaces which make a tem- 
 perature of about 55, and London during January, February and March is cold and damp. 
 
 "One is pretty close to war here. Fully half the persons one meets on the street, in restaurants, or in the hotel 
 lobbies are soldiers in uniform. The women all smoke. They sit about the lobbies of the hotels smoking cigarettes 
 
 I 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 139 
 
 Captain Devereaux Milburn (left), son of John G. Milburn, and Captain C. F. Holmes, 
 Aides-de-Camp to Major-General McRae — 78th Division 
 
 Photograph was taken at Chatel Chehery 
 
 the same as men. Frequently, I have seen women at lunch with children three or four years old, smoking the same 
 as men. To me it is very disgusting. 
 
 "The streets of London look pretty much like those of any American city, only here nine out of ten buildings are 
 five stories in height, and the tenth is two, three or maybe six or seven stories. Then there are huge city and govern- 
 ment buildings everywhere, many several hundred years old. 
 
 "On my way down Fleet Street, I pass a hotel with a sign reading 'Pulis Hotel, Founded 1518'. Two doors from 
 our office is a lane leading to the Cheshire Tavern of which you have of course heard. It sets back about 200 ft. 
 from Fleet Street and looks precisely as it did in Dr. Johnson's time. I had dinner there last night — a beefsteak 
 and kidney pie for 2 shillings 6 pence — 623^ cents. Tourists and sightseers keep it up. It is a small place with saw- 
 dust on the floor. A little further up the alley is the old house where Samuel Johnson lived. It has not been changed. 
 
 "So, while London is dreary there are many things to brighten up one's existence. I expect to go through West- 
 minster Abbey and some other historical places. Everything is now over-shadowed by the war and it is by long 
 odds the most overwhelming war England has ever had. It is trying her resources to their utmost but, whatever 
 one's life-long opinion of her may be, he must admire her pluck, her forbearance and her determination. 
 
 "With love, 
 
 Don." 
 
140 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER XLII 
 LIEUT. HAROLD B. WERTZ— FIRST DIVISION, U. S. A. 
 
 THE departure from Buffalo of the national guardsmen and the first draft contingents for 
 training camps aroused an intense military spirit. It was not uncommon to see school boys 
 drilling in school yards and playgrounds. Home Defense companies, and Police Reserves 
 were to be found on the smooth-paved streets nightly, religiously applying themselves to the 
 "hay-foot," "straw-foot" exercises. Down Main Street at frequent intei-vals straggling con- 
 tingents, each boy with a little bundle of clothes tucked under his arm, tramped along in the 
 general direction of the railroad stations. Frequently, the contingent was preceded by a fife and 
 drum corps, or a band, and the members of the draft board in automobiles. Very often the 
 entire procession, musicians included, would be conveyed to the station in autos. Relatives 
 and friends accompanied the boys and few, if any, departed without some sort of a farewell 
 ceremony. City officials invariably led the boys to the train and there extended a hearty God- 
 speed as they pulled out for the training camps. 
 
 Through the Fall of 1917 numerous contingents, large and small, left Buffalo, and those de- 
 partures continued through the Winter and Spring and Summer of 1918. The 1917 contingents 
 remained in the training camps much longer than those who were called early in 1918; in fact, 
 the German drive which began in March, following the capitulation of Russia, was conducted 
 with such severity and success that some of the men who were sent from Buffalo in February 
 and Alarch were hurried to France within a month after their departure from home. 
 
 During the preceding winter, however, the boys who had gone to the camps in September and 
 November drifted back on furlough. Instead of the slouching boys who tramped down Main 
 Street with their extra clothing in a paper-wrapt bundle, military training had transformed them 
 into neat, erect, snappy young men, splendid pictures of physical development. The training 
 camp had imprinted its reconstructive mark. 
 
 The old 74th Infantry regiment; the 3d Artillery and Troop I, spent the winter of 1917-1918 
 in camp at Spartanburg, S. C. It was a long, bitter winter in South Carolina as it was elsewhere, 
 and these men suffered severely from cold at that camp. They drilled in the wind and snow 
 with the thermometer just above the zero mark, day after day, and grew weary of waiting. Spring 
 came and they were still in camp. 
 
 A number of Buffalo men attached to the old National Guard regiments had taken a try for 
 commissions on their return from the border. They entered the officers ' training camp at Madison 
 Barracks. Some won commissions and were assigned to military units then in training here. 
 
 Harold B. Wertz, a sergeant in the old 74th Infantry on the Border, received a commission as 
 a first lieutenant, and was assigned to the 18th Infantry, First Division, of the regular army. 
 The First Division may have contained regular army men who made their homes, at one time, 
 in Buffalo, but it appears that Lieutenant Wertz among the civilian population who entered 
 the military service was first to go overseas with a sure-enough American division. His military 
 career was a remarkably interesting one, as later developments will show. 
 
 The First Division claims the honor of firing the first rifle shot and sending the first shell into 
 the German lines, and also the honor of the first casualty sufi'ered by an American formation, 
 as well as of the first capture of prisoners and material. 
 
 On January 15, 1918, the division entered the Ansauville sector, twenty kilometers northwest 
 of Toul, relieving the famous 1st Moroccan Division. It remained under the tactical command 
 of a French infantry division until January 30th, when it took over things "on its own," and so 
 continued until relieved on April 3. During this period of front line duty its captures increased 
 signally compared with its training debut, totalling thirty prisoners, one light machine gun and 
 four flame throwers. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 141 
 
 CHAPTER XLIII 
 SMOKE AMMUNITION FROM THE BUFFALO NEWS 
 
 THE Evening News Smokes for Soldiers Fund was begun in April, 1917, a few days after the 
 United States entered the war. It was created for a two-fold purpose, that of suppljnng the 
 soldier with such comfort and solace as tobacco gives and that of keeping up a link of interest 
 between the home folks and the men who would go away to fight for them. 
 
 The Smokes for Soldiers plan was widely- promulgated by leading newspapers throughout the 
 country. In Buffalo it met with the ready approval of the public and was so liberally contributed 
 to that it came to be one of the half a dozen largest funds in the United States. Up to November 
 21, 1918, the sum of $39,970.68 was collected in Buffalo alone. 
 
 Of course, the Smokes Fund was popular with the soldiers. Post cards and letters were received 
 by the hundreds after each shipment of tobacco, expressing, many times in naive and humorous 
 terms, the appreciation of the men in the service. Officers in various branches of the service ex- 
 tended their indorsement to the fund and sent letters of thanks. Among these were Colonel 
 Cornelius Vanderbilt of the 102d Engineers, Colonel Arthur Kemp, who headed the 74th Infantry 
 from Buffalo, and Lieutenant Colonel John W. Rowland of the 106th Field Artillery. 
 
 The work of raising money for the fund was greatly lightened by the voluntary assistance given 
 by individuals and organizations in the city. The first flag collection was made in August, 1917, 
 during the convention of the Eagles. In the convention parade, a Stars and Stripes of great size 
 was carried and quite spontaneously spectators tossed coins into it, shouting "Give it to the 
 Smokes Fund. " When the collection was counted it was found that $907 . 01 had been contributed 
 and it was decided to turn it over to the News Smokes Fund as most of the givers had requested. 
 This was an idea that met great favor, and in the many parades held in the city during the re- 
 mainder of the war there was scarcely one that did not have a flag collection for the Smokes 
 Fund. The theaters and factories gave special support to the fund. 
 
 Campaigns were conducted from time to time. In December, 1917, a Smokeless Day plan was 
 carried out. The idea was to have smokers abstain for 24 hours and contribute what they would 
 have spent for themselves to the fund. This met with success and the sum of $3922 . 09 was turned 
 in, with which Christmas packages were purchased for the Buffalo and Western New York boys 
 who were with the 27th Division in camp at Spartanburg, S. C. 
 
 This committee of Buffalo business men was in charge of the Smokeless Day arrangements: 
 George W. Smith, Chairman; William F. Schw^artz, vice chairman; Peter F. Petersen, Richard 
 C. Laux, James J. Cuff, John Maloney, Joseph G. Zeitler, Dr. E. G. Bodenbender, Dai H. Lewis 
 and Arthur W. Kreinheder. 
 
 In February, 1918, a week's city-wide intensive campaign was conducted. It took in factories, 
 offices, stores and shops throughout the city. A pony contest to interest Evening Neivs carriers 
 in the campaign was also carried on. The two crusades again resulted in a generous contribu- 
 tion. The Committee in charge was as follows: 
 
 William F. Schwartz, chairman; Orson E. Yeager, Harry Thorpe \'ars, James B. Wall, H. N. 
 Ness, Jeremiah J. O'Leary, George J. Meyers, Elmore C. Green, William E. Evans, .Jeremiah 
 J. Donovan, Samuel H. Witmer, Peter F. Petersen, Joseph G. Zeitler, and Jacob F. Mueller. 
 
 George A. Cowan, Frederick J. Petersen, Edward Harris, Cyrus L. Barber, A. W. Kirton, 
 Warren W^orthington, George B. Tyler, John A. Holmes, Frank B. Powell, Frank W. Robinson, 
 John C. Bradley, .James H. Dyett, Charles L. Helmer, H. L. Heitzman, Charles L. Keller, D. J. 
 Carson, C. S. Alt, C. A. Criqui, E. C.Neal, Frederick F. Klinck, Carl A. Lautz, William H. 
 Crosby, J. J. Lockwood, L. W. Wheaton, Thomas G. Lawley, Christian Trapp, George T. Cumpson 
 E. J. Duggan, Joseph C. Bergmann, William F. Forrest, H. I. Sackett, H. J. Girvin, B. J. Mc- 
 Connell, A. B. Wright, Charles Schoenhut and Gustave C. Miller. 
 
142 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 They became the Heroes of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive — Typical Haul of the Draft Net 
 
 Boys Who Had Never Felt a Trigger Leaving for Camp to be Whipped Into a Victorious Army 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 143 
 
 In September, 1918, a two-day campaign was conducted by a committee which was headed by 
 Mrs. Allan D. Husted, and Frank Oppenheimer. This brought in the sum of $6,116.00. In connec- 
 tion with the campaign a rally was held at Lafayette Square on the afternoon of the first day. 
 Henry C. Price acted as chairman of the rally. An old hearse drawn by a couple of mules and 
 bearing a big placard inviting everybody to come and drive a nail in the Kaiser's coffin pulled 
 up to the platform on the square and a black rough box was unloaded. Donors of $1 or more to 
 the fund were invited to come to the front and drive a nail. This took the crowd's fancy and for 
 more than 23^2 hours men, women and children made contributions and drove nails in the coffin. 
 Up to the first of December, 1918, the Smokes for Soldiers Fund had bought and distributed 
 these supplies: 
 
 Cigarettes 3,868,160 
 
 Smoking tobacco 158,980 packages 
 
 Chewing tobacco 11,504 packages 
 
 Pipes 2,052 
 
 Chocolate 1,928 packages 
 
 Gum 17,210 packages 
 
 Matches 18,144 boxes 
 
 The Smokes Fund was managed by George W. Therrien, assisted by Otto M. Walter, both of 
 the Evening News circulation department. All clerical work, publicity and advertising space was 
 donated by the Evening News, as its part in the enterprise. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 145 
 
 CHAPTER XLIV 
 AND THE NAVY TOOK THEM OVER 
 
 THE Navy took them over and the Navy brought them back! 
 Uncle Sam's sailors guarded the course and convoyed the transports across the Atlantic, 
 landing the American soldiers safely on foreign soil. The Navy also patrolled the coast, 
 planted mines and co-operated with the Allied High Command in the work of nullifying the 
 German submarine operations. Many hundreds of Buffalo boys went into the Navy service, and, 
 while their records will not be adorned with citations for bravery or heroic deeds in battle, the 
 Navy will loom large in the credit given America's fighting men because of the exacting service 
 they rendered. Most of the Buffalo boys who enlisted in the Navy were sent to the Naval Train- 
 ing Station at Great Lakes, 111. The story of Navy life told by Buffalo boys furnishes an interest- 
 ing chapter in the operations of the American Navy. 
 
 George Daly, popular amateur ball player, one of the first to enlist in the Navy after the dec- 
 laration of war was assigned to the U. S. S. Mt. Vernon, and was aboard that ship when she 
 was torpedoed by a German submarine. The "Mt. Vernon" was formerly the North German 
 Lloyd liner, " Kronprinzessin Cecile" and referring to the experiences of the Buffalo men aboard 
 that ship on her ill-fated trip, Daly said : 
 
 " One week prior to the outbreak of the European War, the North German Lloyd liner, Kron- 
 prinzessin Cecile, steamed out of New York Harbor with $10,000,000 in gold aboard, bound for 
 England. Arriving off the coast of the British Isles, her wireless picked up the broadcast message 
 that war had been declared between Germany and England. Immediately she was headed back 
 toward America, and under full steam she eluded the British navy, and five days later was safely 
 interned in Bar Harbor, Me. Two months later American warships escorted her to Boston, where 
 she was taken over by the Department of Justice on account of a libel against her for failure to 
 deliver the $10,000,000. There she remained as a floating palace of the German captain and crew 
 until February 3, 1917, when the United States Government, because of the strained relations 
 existing with Germany, ordered all interned German ships manned by Americans, and all German 
 seamen interned on shore. This order was carried out six hours later, when a United States Marshal 
 boarded the Kronprinzessin Cecile; but the Germans had received secret information of the order 
 and, acting under orders of their Government, thiey had already wrecked the machinery of the 
 ship to such an extent that their captain. Captain Pollock, declared that the ship could not possibly 
 be used by any one for any length of time. He informed the American engineers that it would be 
 impossible for them to put the ship into running order, so effectively had he carried out the orders 
 of his superiors. Two months later war was declared with Germany, and on May 5th the Kron- 
 prinzessin Cecile was taken over by the United States Government. After two months of thorough 
 repairing of machinery, and complete conversion into a transport, the "Mount Vernon" was 
 put into commission on July 28th by the Navy Department. 
 
 "Since her conversion into a transport she has numbered among her passengers Secretary of 
 War Baker; Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Crosby; President of the Inter- Ally War Council 
 on Purchase and Finance, Colonel E. M. House; Admiral Benson, General Bell, General Bliss, 
 and many others of equal fame. On occasion she has made her round trip in two weeks, and been 
 on her way across again within three days after docking. 
 
 "Perhaps no ship in the service has been worked harder, and certainly no ship more willingly 
 that the Mount Vernon. Of the many thousands of soldiers committed to her care on each trip 
 she never lost one by accident, and not over an average of one for each trip by disease. Her 
 physical equipment consists generally of all the appliances and conveniences of a modern city. 
 Her twelve decks furnish ample space for power plants, refrigerators, stores, repair shops, blowers, 
 ventilators, elevators, libraries, telephones, wireless, steam and electric heaters, hospital, church. 
 
146 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Members of the Old 74th in Trench and Bayonet Drill at Camp Wadsworth 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 147 
 
 school, safety appliances for all on board, and the most effective battle equipment. Three of our 
 largest mogul locomotives, each pulling its capacity train load of coal, could not furnish the 
 thousands of tons of coal which go into the "Mount Vernon's" bunkers for one round trip to 
 Europe. Although over seven hundred feet long, and having a displacement of thirty thousand 
 tons, her powerful engines generate forty-five thousand horse power, and drive her through the 
 water at a speed of twenty-five miles per hour. Her water-tight integrity has stood the test of 
 the most powerful torpedo, and her officers and crew have stood the test of the recent crisis for a 
 yet more glorious future. 
 
 "We sailed from Brest on the 4th day of September, 1918, homeward bound, and with us was 
 the U, S. S. Agamemnon, being convoyed by six U. S. destroyers. We had on board 300 wounded 
 soldiers, 57 of them being "stretcher cases"; also with us U. S. Senators Gore of Oklahoma and 
 Lewis of Illinois. 
 
 "The morning of September 5th was bright and sunny, and the sea very calm, and we were 
 making about 18 knots per hour. The Agamemnon was traveling on our starboard side, at quite 
 some distance ahead of us, with the six destroyers encircled about us. The starboard gun crew 
 (No. 5) had the 4 . 00 to 8 . 00 o'clock watch that morning, and the number six gun crew, to which 
 I was attached, was waiting at ease for the moment of 8 . 00 o'clock to arrive to relieve the number 
 5 crew. 
 
 "Suddenly at about ten minutes of eight our No. 5 gunner sighted the periscope of a submarine, 
 which appeared off our starboard side, between us and the Agamemnon, at a distance of about 
 500 yards. He immediately fired, but the periscope did not remain visible for more than seven 
 seconds. At sound of the gun we hastily put on our life preservers and started for our stations. 
 We hadn't reached them before a terrific explosion occurred — the torpedo had reached its mark, 
 striking us fairly amidships, just beneath the boiler rooms. Our great ship was fairly lifted out 
 of the water, then rolled and tossed and leaped again several times, trying as it seemed to 'break 
 
 f 
 
 Members of 108th Infantry Building a Trench at Camp Wadsworth 
 
148 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 ?^^i^ 
 
 f^' i 
 
 The 106th Field Artillery (Old 65th) at Gun Practice on the South Carolina Range 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 149 
 
 Final Inspection of 108th at Camp Wadsw mth, May, 1918, on Eve of Overseas Trip 
 
 her back' at each jump. Finally with great shivering and quaking she righted herself, settling 
 some 14 feet at the stern and then listing quite badly. At the first shock and in the rolling that 
 followed the men were thrown about the decks, some of them being injured quite severely, and 
 I, myself, was thrown some twenty feet to the deck and hurled about. The men finally reached 
 their stations and the guns directed salvos at the spot where the submarine periscope had appeared. 
 By that time the compartment doors between the bulkheads had been closed to prevent further 
 shipping of water; and the destroyers were racing here and there dropping depth bombs. But 
 there was no evidence that they had destroyed or disabled the submersible. 
 
 "After things had quieted down somewhat, it was found that thirty-six of our firemen had been 
 killed outright, and four so badly injured that they died a few days later at Brest. The ship lost 
 more than eight hundred tons of coal, had all her upper decks and her keel split, and nearly all 
 movable fixtures and appurtenances were overturned, broken or twisted out of shape. Of course, 
 our ships and convoy returned to Brest and we made port under our own steam in about 16 hours, 
 arriving there at 2.10 A. M. on the following morning." 
 
 Forty Buffalo boys were aboard the "Mt. Vernon" when she was torpedoed, and hundreds 
 of other Buffalo and Erie county lads were on other transports engaged in the same sort of 
 work. Their experiences did not differ materially, except that the submarines did not succeed 
 in disabling many of our transports. 
 
150 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER XLV 
 ABOARD AN AMERICAN TRANSPORT 
 
 THE Government had very few stevedores in the ways when the troops were going over and 
 Buffalo sailors, in addition to sailing the ships, loaded the boats and unloaded them at 
 Brest and St. Nazaire. 
 When the troops were moved up to the port of embarkation it was the Government's policy 
 to hold them there for a period of about ten days, during which time every man had a thorough 
 physical examination. The boys were not permitted to communicate with their relatives or 
 friends, although some devised means of slipping news to the outside world. The idea of secrecy 
 was to prevent information as to the time of departure from falling into the hands of the enemy. 
 As the boys went aboard the ship they received a card bearing an inscription of which the follow- 
 ing is typical : 
 
 R. M. S. "CARPATHIA" 
 
 Keep This Card 
 
 Your Sleeping Quarters are in Section No. 3 
 
 Berth No. 139 
 
 You Eat at Mes.s No. 18 
 
 First Sitting 
 
 In connection with this mess card they were given a set of instructions for conduct aboard the 
 ship. These instructions were identical in each case. The following is a copy of the instructions 
 issued to the members of Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 U. S. S. "MADAWASKA" 
 Instructions For Troops 
 
 1 . Every square foot of space on the ship is utilized. This necessitates using, when not on duty, only the quarters 
 and deck space assigned you as follows; After well deck, B deck galleries and C deck abaft officers' quarters. 
 
 2 . Use ladders, stairways and passageways assigned you to and from the compartments in which you sleep. 
 
 3 . Visiting in quarters assigned Navy Crew is forbidden. 
 
 4 . Members of Navy Crew are forbidden to visit troop quarters. 
 
 5 . Use garbage cans provided for all waste material. 
 
 6 . Throw nothing overboard. 
 
 7 . Do not smoke or show the smallest light on the open decks from sunset to sunrise. The glow of a cigarette may 
 enable the enemy to torpedo us. 
 
 8 . Smoking will not be permitted between sunset and sunrise except in officers' quarters. 
 
 9 . No enlisted man will be allowed to have matches in his possession. Smoking lamps will be provided. 
 
 10 . As much fresh water will be provided you as the ship can furnish. 
 
 11 . The alarm gongs when sounded mean abandon ship or abandon ship drill. Fall in at your station and await 
 orders. In case it should become necessary to abandon ship, do not become panic stricken and crowd ladders and 
 boats. Follow the proceedings as quietly as you would for abandon-ship drill. Instructions will come from the 
 ship's officers to your own officers when it is time to take to the boats or life rafts. Ships often float for hours 
 after being torpedoed. 
 
 12. Do not under any circumstances open any air ports, water-tight doors or hatches. They will be opened when 
 necessary by the Navy Crew. 
 
 13 . If you should fall overboard it will more than likely be impossible to stop and pick you up. 
 
 14 . In the danger zone all men of the crew and troops not on duty shall be considered lookouts. Report anything 
 suspicious to the nearest lookout station. 
 
 15. A life preserver will be found in each berth. These are in the form of pillows and may be used for that purpose 
 also. When you leave the ship, make sure that your life preserver is left in your berth as you found it. If you 
 lose your life preserver it may mean that you will have to go without one for the rest of the trip. 
 
 16. While on board this ship you will receive the Navy ration of food. There is a plentiful ration for each man, 
 and if you will co-operate with the ship's people in the troop messing system there can be no trouble about any 
 of you going short of food. 
 
 i 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 151 
 
 An American Transport wit 
 
 17. Meals will be issued on the cafeteria system, from fifteen serving stations, and troops will use their own field 
 mess gear. When "Mess Call" sounds, troops will fall in in the spaces designated by their company oflScers, 
 with their mess gear in hand. You will then file past your own serving station and receive your ration. 
 The printed squares on this card are your mess tickets for the meals you are entitled to receive while on board 
 this vessel. This card will be on a short loop of cord and will be suspended around the neck. When approaching 
 the serving station for your ration, have this card hung outside your clothing, so that it may be taken and punched 
 by the non-commissioned officer in charge. Second helpings may be had in almost anything except dessert. Do not 
 take more than you really need. Wastefulness on your part means that the quantity of food must be cut down later. 
 A space has been provided for washing your mess gear. Make use of it after each meal. 
 
 On account of crowded conditions and insufficient ventilation, it is important that you spend most of your time 
 on the open decks. Always take your blankets with you when you go on the open decks. 
 Standee bunks must be folded up neatly at all hours of the day while the lights are on. 
 Do not spit on the deck. It is a filthy, unsanitary habit which will not be tolerated. 
 
 C. McCauley, Lieut. Comd'r, U. S. N. 
 
 Executive Officer. 
 Attached to the foregoing was a card identifying the days of the week. At each meal the card 
 was punched. 
 
 Those who landed at Brest received their meals at a common kitchen cared for by the camp 
 personnel, but most of the Buffalo men arriving at St. Nazaire found no such arrangement and 
 their first duty on disembarking was to set up their company kitchens and make a requisition 
 for supplies. They furnished their own rations immediately after entering the camp. The men were 
 billeted in French barracks which had been erected at that port. Some, of course remained in these 
 embarkation camps longer than others, but most of the troops were out of there in a week or so. 
 
 18 
 
 19. 
 
 20. 
 
 21. 
 22. 
 
152 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER XLVI 
 77th division WITHIN THUNDER OF GUNS 
 
 BUFFALO drafted men from Camps Dix and Upton had made brief trips home during the 
 months of November and December. A football game at Thanksgiving time between the 
 Camp Dix team composed of brilliant college players, and the All-Buffalo team brought a 
 delegation of possibly 500 drafted men to Buffalo. The game was played at Olympic Park, and 
 was won by Camp Dix, primarily through the team work of the soldiers, but especially by the 
 individual efforts of Lieut. Mount Pleasant, the Carlisle Indian star who played in the back field 
 for the soldier visitors. 
 
 Again, at Christmas time, many of the drafted men were home on ten-day furloughs, but on 
 that occasion they were home to say good-by before their departure overseas. The 77th Divi- 
 sion, made up of drafted men from New York State, more than 1000 of them from Buffalo and Erie 
 County, was the first of the draft divisions to go overseas. It was followed by the 78th Division. 
 
 The first selective service men to go into the 77th Division arrived at Camp Upton in the early 
 part of September, 1917. At the same time the advance guard of the 78th Division arrived at 
 Camp Dix. Buffalo's first draft contingent went into the 78th Division, at Camp Dix, while the 
 New York City men went to Camp Upton. In the forty per cent quota of drafted men which 
 left Buffalo in the Fall a portion went to Upton and the balance to Dix. They formed a hetero- 
 geneous assortment of unlicked civilians, and included boys of every race, creed and class. Boys 
 from the docks mingled with boys from Delaware Avenue and vigorous youngsters from the far 
 East Side; Sunday school teachers and prize-fighters and boys from the farms became bunkies. 
 It was a typical haul of the draft law dragnet, and it missed no element of the white race in Buffalo 
 or the towns. 
 
 Among the units comprised in the 77th Division was the 302d Engineers. When the Division 
 was being made ready for overseas service in the latter part of February a special call was made 
 for men to fill up the engineer regiment. Buffalo furnished men from Exemption Districts No. 8, 
 No. 9 and No. 15. Neither the local boards receiving the call nor the drafted men themselves 
 knew the particular purpose of that special call. The men were inducted into the United States 
 military service on February 25th, and the following day were marched to the station behind 
 bands and waving colors, proud but sad-hearted relatives and friends. 
 
 The 302nd Regiment of Engineers was organized at Camp Upton upon the arrival of those 
 men. A month later the regiment moved out for overseas service. The advance guard of the regi- 
 ment left Camp Upton early Good Friday morning, March 29, 1918, embarking on the Cunard 
 S. S. "Carmania" in New York harbor sailing the same evening for Halifax. They arrived at 
 Halifax on Easter Sunday morning. There a convoy was in progress of organization for some 
 of the units of the 77th Division, and the "Carmania" with three other liners and an escorting 
 British warship, proceeded to Liverpool. 
 
 The convoys of the 77th Division collected in Halifax. They began sailing from New York on 
 March 27th directly after the German drive began. The sailings continued until April 1st. In 
 the main convoy which left Halifax were nine ships led by an American cruiser. The first of the 
 division (Engineers) landed in Liverpool on April 12th and the final convoy arrived on April 19th. 
 
 The voyage of the Engineers, like that of the other units of the Division, was uneventful, except 
 for a submarine attack on the morning of April 11th. The torpedo narrowly missed the Carmania, 
 but damaged the stern of the escorting warship. Liverpool was reached during the night of April 
 12-13th. The 77th Division was the first National Army Division to arrive in France, and the 
 302nd Engineers were the first regiment of the Division to cross the ocean. From Liverpool they 
 were hurried to Dover, and the following day crossed the Channel to Calais. It was the first 
 American regiment to land at Calais for training with the British. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 153 
 
 The Engineers, the first to move, left Calais on April 16th before the entire Division had arrived. 
 They left via the box car route for Audruicq and marched to Ruminghem in the Pas-de-Calais 
 area, where they had their first experience in billets. The furious bombardments incident to the 
 big German drive against Kemmel Hill and Ypres could be plainly heard by the 77th men at 
 that training area, and rumors were thick that the Division would soon be in it. They expected 
 to be thrown in as victims to check the German rush for the Channel Ports and immediately 
 began training under the tutelage of the 39th British Division. 
 
 Lieutenant Karl Wilhelm, of Buffalo, in relating subsequently some of the experiences of the 
 Division in that training camp said most of the excitement was made up of rumors. "We saw no 
 front line fighting there as a unit," he said, "On two or three occasions we occupied reserve 
 trenches behind the British lines and were under spasmodic shell fire which amounted to very 
 little. While we were in the billets numerous aeroplane raids took place. Their main objective 
 was a Canadian aerodrome about one and one-half miles from us and our casualties were very 
 few. " 
 
 They were billeted in a rest camp, so-called, at that port. There they had their first sight of 
 war, for they viewed on all sides the ruined buildings bombed by Boche aviators during the days 
 that had gone before. 
 
 They prepared for business by turning in their Springfield rifles and drawing British Enfields. 
 Here, too, they parted with their immense barrack bags, the contents of which they had so care- 
 fully and discriminatingly acquired. Two outfits for each man were in each bag. They bade good- 
 by to the bags forever. In their place, they received gas masks and steel helmets. From Calais 
 the Division, minus the Engineers who had gone on ahead, was taken to the Department of Pas 
 de Calais, travelling in box cars, which on the previous day had been used for the transportation 
 of horses — 40 hommes or 8 cheveaux. 
 
 Walter F. Kenline, a private in the 302nd Engineers, in charge of the records at Regimental 
 headquarters, recorded the procedure of the Engineers from that point. He states that on Decora- 
 tion Day, May 30, rather suddenly the regiment was ordered to move. That was the same day 
 the Regulars over at Chaumont-en- Vixen were ordered to Meaux to stop the rush on Paris. The 
 National Army men up in the Mt. Kemmel neighborhood, however, were ordered out on a long, 
 tiring march, well made, which took them to the vicinity of Locquinghem and Belle, a new Amer- 
 ican training area, which the Engineers proceeded to put in order. On June 7th, they moved 
 again, this time by train, to a railhead near St. Pol back of the Arras front. The regiment then 
 entrained again to leave the British for the so-called American sector. A three day ride, begun 
 June 10th, took them to Thaon-les-Vosges. On June 17th, Regimental Headquarters, Head- 
 quarters Company and Company F marched to Baccarat relieving similar elements of the 117th 
 Engineers (Rainbow Division). The remainder of the Division followed three days later. 
 
154 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER XLVII 
 SEEING PARIS WITH DON MARTIN 
 
 DON Martin spent January and February in and about London where he learned London men 
 and London ways. He was schooHng himself for intelligent work among the Allied forces. 
 It is necessary to see a country and to know its people to write clearly of their activities. 
 Early in March Martin crossed the Channel to France. American soldiers and sailors were to 
 be seen at that time in Paris and the Channel ports. 
 
 As American officers and members of the regular army were making preparations to leave for 
 the front, Martin was visiting the points of interest in the great Parisian city for which the German 
 troops were headed and to save which it then seemed was to be the first American task on French 
 soil. Martin's description of that point of American interest was given in letters to his daughter: 
 
 "Paris, March 11, 1918. 
 Hotel Crillon. 
 "Dorothy: 
 
 "I brought my typewriter along with me and so you are liable to get another long, lofig letter. It may be full 
 of mistakes because the machine is half locked up and the table on which it stands is so high that it is very awk- 
 ward for me. 
 
 " However I decided to tell you about my first visit to Paris and the trip from London here. I have been in Paris 
 less than 24 hours but I have already seen enough to understand why it is called the most beautiful city in the world. 
 Whenever I have been in other cities — say Chicago, Philadelphia or London, I have wondered why people there 
 didn't move to New York; I don't have the disposition to ask people here such a question. The city is just dotted 
 with beautiful buildings each of which is of historical interest. I walked around two or three hours this afternoon 
 with the manager of the Paris oflSce of the Herald and he was able to point out many of the chief places. We saw 
 Notre Dame, the Hotel de Ville, the Chamber of Deputies, the Magdalene Church or Cathedral, and walked all 
 through the famous Latin Quarter. I sat on the piazza of the Grand Hotel in the Rue de Capucines and drank a 
 glass of lemonade, and walked through the Rue de la Paix, the street which has all the jewelry shops. I never saw 
 anything like the displays. There has been a heavy fog all day so I have seen the city at a disadvantage but to- 
 morrow probably the sun will be shining and I will walk around some more. 
 
 "I started in by having the best breakfast I have had since I left New York. Here the restaurants serve you as 
 if they were glad to do it. In London the managers and waiters serve you because, apparently, they have to do it. 
 There is about the same difference between London and Paris as there is between a burdock and a lily of the valley. 
 The waiters in this hotel saw that I was an American at once. They can always tell it and they are glad when they 
 get one to wait on. I told mine I wanted breakfast — although it was lunch time — and he suggested an otange, filet 
 of sole, fried potatoes and chocolate. It was all fine. There is no sugar to be had here now. There is no milk served 
 after 9 in the morning. The orange was good and the chocolate was sweetened in some way so it all tasted very 
 good. But the cost is very high. My bill this morning was $2.75. 
 
 "For dinner I went with Mr. Price, the Paris manager, to the famous Prunier restaurant. Mr. Bennett occa- 
 sionally goes there when he is in Paris. We telephoned to reserve a table. One has to do this because the applicants 
 for tables are so numerous. We had Portuguese oysters, roast beef and potatoes, braised endive and a fancy choco- 
 late pudding. The bill here for two was about 25 francs, or slightly more than $6. Everything is high everywhere 
 in Paris because of the scarcity of everything. 
 
 "After dinner Mr. Price went to the office and I came to my room where I am now. There is nothing to do in 
 the evening in Paris. The theaters are open but I don't care to go to a show I can't understand. The restaurants 
 all close at nine o'clock and the houses and the streets are all dark. The Germans have been bombing Paris lately 
 and people are keeping the city as dark as possible. I shall sit in my room till about half past ten when I shall get 
 into the subway — right near the hotel — and go to the Herald office at No. 38 Rue du Louvre for a half hour or so. 
 
 "This hotel, I find, is the very best hotel in Paris. Mr. Baker, Secretary of War, is staying here now. General 
 Pershing stayed here and all the diplomats from most of the important countries stay here. It overlooks the Tuil- 
 eries and is a magnificent building. Mr. Bennett believes in doing things up right. I shan't know what my program 
 will be until I hear from him. I wired him last night — he stays in Beaulieu on the Mediterranean — that I was here 
 and now I shall sit around or go sightseeing till he tells me what he has in mind. I rather expect that in a few 
 days I shall be on my way to the American front. 
 
 "Paris is filled with American soldiers. I must have seen a thousand to-day. I met two or three — yes four or 
 five — men I knew in the United States. 
 
 "There was no sea at all on the trip across the -Channel so I was not sick. I enjoyed the day in Havre. That is 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 155 
 
 a very picturesque old city, with the principal business street facing the harbor and sailing ships moored just across 
 the street from the stores. In a big park nearby there were about 50 women selling flowers. The French are great 
 for flowers. I ate in a big restaurant— Tortoni's, which seats about 1,000 persons, and walked all over the principal 
 parts of the city before leaving at five in the afternoon. The train on which I traveled from Havre stopped just 
 once between Havre and Paris and that was at Rouen. 
 
 An American Correspondent in the Argonne 
 
 Watching a skirmish near Grand Pre 
 
 "Before I leave here Dorothy I shall write you another letter but it very likely will not be a long one. You will 
 show this letter to Mother and the rest of the folks and they will know all about my trip up to date. 
 
 With Love, Dad. " 
 
 Circumstances of that night caused Don to write a letter to his daughter on the following day : 
 
 Paris, March 12, 1918. 
 "Dorothy: Hotel Crillon. 
 
 "I guess your Dad is a hoodoo. Wherever he goes there seems to be an air raid. Last night when I finished the 
 letter to you I started down to post it and the maid was talking like a streak and waving her hands. I thought she 
 was having a fit of some new kind. But I discovered it was merely her French way of telling me that there was an 
 air raid going on. They are not used to them in Paris as they are in London, and moreover the people here are very, 
 very excitable, especially on air raid nights. I had heard the "alert " signal given but didn't know what it was. In Lon- 
 don it is called "Take Cover". Here a siren blows. It is about like the whistle on the Eureka shop. It is attached 
 to a steam engine which rushes about the streets. It was a dark night, but a few stars were shining and a raid was 
 hardly looked for. However it came and was a very fierce one — by far the worst Paris has known. The figures of 
 persons killed have not been given out but it is said the fatalities were quite numerous. I heard bombs strike in this 
 vicinity. I went down in the lobby and stayed there from a quarter to ten to a quarter to one o'clock. A lot of 
 most distinguished Frenchmen were sitting about and a good many prominent Americans too. I found a man from 
 Trenton and another from Iowa whom I knew. The lobby was darkened and the lights in all the rooms were shut 
 off. During a lull in the raid I and two other men started across to Palace de la Concorde to see where a bomb was 
 supposed to have fallen but it was so dark we lost our way and returned. This hotel is right in the heart of the 
 very exclusive section of Paris. It is close to the Tuileries Gardens, the Champs Elysees and a lot of other famous 
 and beautiful spots. Paris is rather excited to-day over last night's performance and right now people are rather 
 
156 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 expecting another raid to-night. These raids are getting to be terrible things. People are getting very sick of them 
 and I guess when the war is all over and everyone understands everything that has happened the world will know 
 why people grew tired of them. The Germans have no consideration for women, or children, hospitals, churches or 
 anything else. They will have to pay dearly for their barbarism some day. 
 
 "I have spent a good part of the day making arrangements to go to the front. Mr. Bennett wired me to make 
 arrangements to go about France with Mr. Baker, Secretary of War, who is here, but it was too late to make the 
 arrangements. Only the three news associations were allowed to send men. I got a telegram from Mr. Bennett to 
 see his lawyer here and to have him make arrangements for me to go to the front. I shall probably get a pass for a 
 month to start with. Mr. Bennett wants me to go to the front, look it over and tell what I think ought to be done. I 
 imagine he is trying to make up his mind whether he wants to spend all the money it will cost to keep me at the 
 front right along. You see automobile hire costs about $100 or $150 a week alone and there are other very large 
 items. However, unless an air bomb gets me, I shall probably be going far over in France within three or four days 
 — maybe sooner — and you will get a letter from me where the glare of the bombardments may be seen. It is not 
 so terribly far away. The nearest point in the battle line is only 60 miles from Paris, but where I shall go is con- 
 siderably farther than that. 
 
 "Yesterday I believe I told you that Paris is far more beautiful than all the other cities. To-night I can empha- 
 size that. Take the Rue Rivoli for instance, Dorothy. That runs along the Tuileries Gardens for almost a mile. 
 The buildings are all six stories high, are all the same, and all have marble colonnades in front of them. There are 
 no high buildings. This hotel, for instance, looks like a ruin on the very outside but it is beautiful just the same 
 and inside it is as fine as anything in New York. I sent you a post card giving a picture of it. I took an open taxi 
 this afternoon, it being warm and sunny, and drove all through the Champs Elysees and the Avenue Bois du Bou- 
 logne. They are magnificent. Everything seems to have been built and laid out with the aim of pleasing the eye. 
 
 "For dinner I went to a place called the Chatham Grill and had a splendid dinner — porterhouse steak, fine fried 
 potatoes, endive salad and a lot of fruit all mixed up. The cooks here certainly know how to get up things nicely. 
 There is no sugar or butter but the French are so clever one doesn't miss them. I have been over pretty much of 
 the city and can get around all right without a guide. I wish I could speak French. Most of the waiters speak 
 English and every hotel has a clerk who can speak English. The chief clerk here to-day appeared with an officer's 
 uniform. He had been on sick leave for five months and to-morrow starts again for the front. 
 
 "The people are tired of war just the same. I don't blame them. One sees plenty of one legged men, and women 
 in mourning, in Paris. 
 
 "I must stop wTiting such long letters to you or you will have to stay out of school to read them. I wish I could 
 get a letter or two myself but it will be a long time before I receive one, I suppose. 
 
 "Here's a hug and a kiss. Dad." 
 
 Don Martin spent the next few months in army camps and the cities of Northern France 
 which the Germans had not yet occupied. He visited Brest, St. Nazaire, Bordeaux and then 
 the more quiet sectors of the battlefront. Gradually he grew intimate with the entire war program 
 and rapidly advanced to a position among the foremost war correspondents in Europe. His 
 articles in the Herald were reproduced in the Buffalo Enquirer and were extremely interesting, 
 picturing as they did the fields into which the American boys of the regular army and the vast 
 draft and national guard forces then rapidly assembling would soon be plunged. 
 
 I 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 157 
 
 CHAPTER XLVIII 
 GERMANY'S MARCH DRIVE CRUSHES BRITISH DEFENSE 
 
 A merican soldiers had reached France in June, 1917. The regulars and the marines, making 
 L\ up the First and Second Army Divisions: The 42nd Division, (Rainbow Division) con- 
 ■^ -^ taining the 165th N. Y. Infantry in which William J. Donovan, formerly captain of Buffalo's 
 Troop I, was a major; 41st (Sunset) Division and the 26th, a New England National Guard di\'i- 
 sion, to which Col. Pooley was later attached, trained through the Fall and Winter behind the 
 lines in France, gaining a knowledge of the newer warfare from the war itself. The First Division 
 went into the front hne in the Vosges in October, 1917, but the Engineers of the 26th Di\asion 
 were the first to take part in action, being engaged with the British at Cambrai. 
 
 On March 1st, General Pershing had four trained divisions ready to meet any demands of battle, 
 and more rapidly approaching that point of training. It was then contemplated that an American 
 sector would be formed on the front and that the United States contingent would formally enter the 
 front line under its own flag, commanded by its own officers and manned by its own men, supplied 
 by its own trains and cared for in its own hospital — an American sector in every way. The realiza- 
 tion of that condition was the ambition of the American fighting men in France. The four divi- 
 sions then ready were made up principally of regulars and marines, numbering among the latter 
 many Buffalo men, who a few months before had been at work in some office, railroad yard or 
 factory. 
 
 On March 21st Germany began her Spring drive, a move which was anticipated by the French 
 and English commanders. They had failed to anticipate its severity, however, and the German 
 forces, materially strengthened because of the impotency of Russia, swept through the territory 
 they had abandoned the previous year and extended their hnes at will in Picardy against the 
 British forces. 
 
 While the Germans failed to break the British line, the British retreat was almost a rout. In 
 the face of that offensive, the idea of an American sector was abandoned and an agreement was 
 quickly reached to unite the Allied forces under a single command. General Foch was chosen 
 Commander-in-Chief of the Allied armies. General Pershing placed himself and the American 
 troops at the disposal of General Foch on March 28th.* 
 
 The first German blow had been struck at the English near La Fere and was carried through 
 Picardy to Cantigny and Montdidier. Another wedge was driven into the French between Soissons 
 and Rheims on May 27th. Up in Belgium, Mt. Kemmel had been captured, and the Channel 
 Ports threatened. The attack between Soissons and Rheims was a drive at Paris, and by May 
 30th, the French were offering no serious hindrance to the progress of the German military machine 
 though fighting valiantly every inch of the way. On June 1st the Paris drive had reached Chateau 
 Thierry, but the main blow was to be delivered east of Rheims. 
 
 March and April had been thus taken up by the Germans in a terrific assault on the British, 
 while May saw the French lines steadily pushed back. General Haig, in command of the British, 
 had advised his men that they were fighting "with your backs to the wall"; and the French on 
 the Marne were shouting again the 1916 battle cry of Verdun "They shall not pass." 
 
 Buffalo draft boards, with the other draft boards of the country, were turning out men for the 
 camps at that time as rapidly as the Selective Service machinery would work. These embryo 
 soldiers were hurried across the ocean just as quickly as ships could be obtained to carry them 
 across. The call from the Allies was for men — more men — and more men. Drafted men were 
 
 *On March 28, I placed at the disposal of Marshal Foch, who had been agreed upon as Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Armies, all of our 
 forces to be used as he might decide. At his request the first division was transferred from the Toul sector to a position in reserve at Chaumont en 
 Vexin. As German superiority in numbers required prompt action, an agreement was reached at the Abbeville conference of the Allied premiers 
 andjcommanders and myself on May 2 by which British shipping was to transport 10 American divisions to the British Army area, where they 
 were to be trained and equipped, and additional British shipping was to be provided for as many divisions as possible for use elsewhere. 
 
 (From General Pershing's report to Secretary of War. Nov. 20, 1918.) 
 
158 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 swarming into Europe. The National Guard regiments, likewise, were hurried overseas. The big 
 troop movement from the United States warranted General Pershing in a freer use of the older 
 division. While the new arrivals would need some preliminary training, the fact that reserves 
 were at hand gave the High Command an opportunity to throw a greater number of American 
 divisions into the front lines. 
 
 The call from overseas had been met by America. Not only were men being supplied, but the 
 shipyards were turning out more ships. The industries were turning out more supplies. The 
 Liberty Loan and Red Cross drives were multiplying our money millions for war use. 
 
 The 27th Division carrying the old 74th, some of them in the 108th Infantry, some in the 55th 
 Pioneers, some in the 102nd Engineers and others in the 102d Ammunition Train ; the old 65th, 
 now the 106th Field Artillery, and old Troop I, now the 102d Trench Mortar Battery, left Spartan- 
 burg, N. C, with the June troop movement for service on the British front. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 159 
 
 CHAPTER XLIX 
 LIGHTLESS, HEATLESS, GASLESS DAYS 
 
 RETURNING again to affairs at home; on the 6th day of May, 1918, Elliott C. McDougal 
 resigned and was succeeded as United States Fuel Administrator for Erie County by Howard 
 A. Forman. 
 
 Mr. Forman brought to the Fuel Administration, in addition to a long successful business 
 career, an expert knowledge of natural gas obtained from many years' practical experience in 
 the business. This knowledge was of great value, as the natural gas problem was an integral part 
 of Buffalo's domestic fuel problem. After D. W. Cooke succeeded Mr. Wiggin as State Adminis- 
 trator, he invited Mr. Forman to attend the weekly meetings of the Executive Committee and 
 thereafter all natural gas questions were referred to him. 
 
 Mr. Forman appointed T. W. Hendrick his deputy, retained Miss Kelley as office manager, 
 and moved the offices from the Prudential Building to the ground floor of the Liberty Building, 
 more commodious quarters being necessary to accommodate the public and to provide for the 
 increase in business. The work of the entire county was administered directly from this office, 
 with the exception of the help given by Local Deputy C. W. Ellis of Lackawanna and A. M. 
 Eberhard of Tonawanda. 
 
 The Administration at Washington issued an order on January 17th, 1918, calling for the 
 stoppage of work by all industries except those absolutely essential to the war. This was one of 
 the most drastic orders issued in connection with the military program and was necessary because 
 of the enormously increased demand for fuel for war making purposes, combined with the severest 
 winter beyond the recollection of the present generation. Blizzard after bUzzard blocked the 
 
 Mess Time at One of The American Training Camps 
 
160 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 A Winter Draft Contingent 
 
 railways and hindered all forms of outdoor activities. There were four hundred eighty ships 
 loaded with supplies for our armies and allies waiting to be bunkered. Industries essential to the 
 war were at the point of closing and the railroad lines were becoming more and more congested. 
 The order closed all industries for five days, and on each succeeding Monday for three Mondays. 
 It accomplished its purpose; within three weeks, four hundred eighty ships were on their way to 
 Europe and there was no further delay in ships going to France on account of coal from that day. 
 It was not thought wise to tell the country generally of the military reasons for this order and 
 while there was some grumbling, Buffalo accepted the order and obeyed it loyally. 
 
 The bituminous situation gradually bettered itself, but the problem was not entirely solved 
 until the following October. All through the summer it was necessary for Mr. Forman to divert 
 coal from one factory to another, to place embargoes on certain factories that had a supply on 
 hand in order that all might be kept going. This entailed a great deal of work, but in the end 
 successfully solved the problem, so that after October soft coal became plentiful and there was 
 enough for all. By the first of February soft coal was so plentiful that the Administration at 
 Washington issued an order removing all restrictions as to price, deliveries, etc., as of that date. 
 
 Buffalo's anthracite situation is a peculiar one for several reasons. First, because Buffalo, 
 situated a short distance on the main line from the anthracite fields, must wait for her coal until 
 New England, the lake shipments, Canada and the long hauls generally are taken care of. There 
 are usually good shipments in April and May but consumers who were not supplied then had to 
 wait for all or part of their coal. After the experience of the winter before most people were not 
 in the mood to wait. In the spring Washington issued an order allowing domestic consumers two- 
 thirds of their requirements. It became necessary later on to limit the amount so that domestic 
 consumers could have but four tons each, and to prohibit any deliveries to churches, apartment 
 houses, hotels, theaters, saloons, etc., and to prohibit deUveries to people who had previously 
 burned gas and were equipped to burn gas. In this way all consumers were provided with some 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 161 
 
 coal by the time when cold weather usually begins. The anthracite situation became most critical 
 during the month of November. Buffalo had had some early cold weather and a great many people 
 were sick or convalescent from influenza. Most of the domestic sizes of anthracite were going up the 
 Lakes. Buffalo was receiving only a meager amount and very little of this was suitable for domestic 
 use. For a period of about thirty days it became necessary to prohibit dealers making any deliv- 
 eries except on an order of the Administration showing that it was for emergency purposes and then 
 the amount delivered was limited to one ton. Before issuing an emergency order a doctor's certifi- 
 cate or some strong reason must be furnished the Administration. It is estimated that during No- 
 vember there were continually in the fuel office from fifty to one hundred people and that three hun- 
 dred or four hundred emergency orders were issued daily. As the weather continued mild all through 
 the winter the restrictions were gradually removed and everyone in the end had all the coal required. 
 For a great many years a good many people have depended on natural gas for heat. The gas 
 has been gradually failing and it became apparent that some substitute must be made. 
 
 Again, the large increase in Buffalo's population, due primarily to the influx of workers who 
 came here to work in the war factories, helped along the fuel shortage. 
 
 New York State's anthracite allotment was increased twelve per cent over the amount re- 
 ceived two years before. Due to the reasons above enumerated, Mr. Forman succeeded in 
 obtaining a twenty-four per cent increase in Buffalo's allotment. For a severe winter this would 
 not have been sufficient to take care of everyone, so supplies of coke were shipped in and, in 
 addition, wherever it was possible small sizes of anthracite were mixed with the larger sizes. 
 
 As previously stated, "lightless nights" were inaugurated November 15, 1917. On April 22, 1918, 
 this order was temporarily suspended. A new order, effective July 24, stipulated that the use of 
 light produced by coal, gas, oil or other fuel for illuminating or displaying advertisements, an- 
 nouncements or signs, or for the external ornamentation of any building would be discontinued 
 entirely on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday of each week. This order was immedi- 
 ately put into effect in Buffalo and, with one or two exceptions, was loyally carried out by the 
 merchants and citizens generally. The police force under Chief Girvin gave valuable aid and by 
 the end of the first week of its trial Buffalo was absolutely dark. This continued until November 
 11, when a change was made allowing the illumination of store windows during business hours. 
 On November 20, due to the fact that the bituminous coal problem had been solved, an order 
 was issued entirely discontinuing "lightless nights." 
 
 On August 27, 1918, as a war emergency measure, a request was issued to the people that the 
 use of all motor propelled vehicles, with certain limited exceptions, be discontinued on Sundays 
 until further notice. This was found necessary because the stocks of gasoline, particularly on the 
 Atlantic Seaboard, had been depleted to such an extent as to require immediate action to protect 
 the supply in France. The response to this request in Buffalo was instantaneous, the compliance 
 almost unanimous. Best estimates show Sunday motoring in Buffalo to have decreased ninety- 
 eight to ninety-nine per cent. "Gasless Sundays" continued until October 20, when it was esti- 
 mated that a saving had been effected of at least one million barrels of gasoline, from which it 
 was known that more than five hundred thousand barrels, or ten shiploads, had been sent over- 
 seas. In carrying out this request the police force again gave valuable assistance. 
 
 It was known at Washington from the very start that the solution of the world war problem 
 would depend on the solution of America's fuel problem. Fuel, the driving force of the war, must 
 be available in quantities suflftcient to insure victory. Without fuel the vast and intricate machinery 
 of war industries would stop. The production of coal in every other belligerent nation had de- 
 creased from twenty-five to fifty per cent over the production of pre-war days. In 1916 America 
 had produced a little more than five hundred million tons of soft coal. From April 1, 1918, to 
 April 1, 1919, it was estimated that we must produce seven hundred thirty-five million tons, of 
 which six hundred thirty-five million tons must come from the bituminous fields, notwithstanding 
 the fact that thousands of miners from these districts had joined the colors. The fact that the 
 soft coal problem was solved by October, 1918, shows the work accomplished. 
 
162 
 
 Buffalo's Pakt in the World War 
 
 New 74th Regiment 
 
 During January and February mild weather continued until the anthracite requirements were 
 all taken care of and anthracite also became plentiful. Washington therefore issued its final order 
 decreeing that all restrictions as to delivery, price, etc., of anthracite were removed as of March 1. 
 The Buffalo office was closed as of that date and its records shipped to Washington. Its work 
 was completed and there was no legal problem, or unfinished business of any kind left over. 
 
 In closing it is only just to state that the willing co-operation, help and advice given the Ad- 
 ministration by the coal dealers of Buffalo materially assisted in the success the Administration 
 attained. This willing co-operation could not have been purchased at any price nor enforced by 
 Federal laws that might have been passed, but was a part of the contribution of patriotic citizens 
 to the winning of the war. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 163 
 
 CHAPTER L 
 BUFFALO WOMEN FACE THE HUN 
 
 WHEN Congress and the American people fully awoke to the fact that war was here with all its 
 exactions and sacrifices, not the last to realize the needs of the hour, and among the first 
 to respond to the call for service, were the women of Buffalo and Erie County. Organiza- 
 tions sprang up over night for relief work; the production of sweaters, helmets, socks and gloves 
 were among the early fruits of the patriotic effort of Buffalo women. Funds began to grow for 
 the Belgian, French and Syrian sufferers under the impetus of women. Church and fraternal 
 societies formed war working organizations from among their women auxiliaries, until every 
 locality had an enthusiastic force of women workers doing their share toward winning the war. 
 
 To increase the efficiency of that work, the Motor Corp girls came into the field, a new move- 
 ment, something in advance, an agency through which the various locality movements could be 
 brought into immediate and effective touch, one with the other, and finally all, with a great 
 central agency — the Red Cross. 
 
 As men were called away from their diverse and several occupations, girls stepped forward to 
 take their places. Many cities employed women conductors on the street cars. The elevators in 
 the office buildings and hotels were soon operated by women. Women for a time served, in Buffalo, 
 at the task of collecting ashes and garbage, wheeling the refuse from back yards to the curb from 
 which point men loaded it on the wagons. On the farms women workers rapidly stepped into the 
 places theretofore filled by men, and the farm work of the country while supervised by men was 
 largely performed by women. It was a substantial and a difficult work women accomplished in 
 the production of food and clothing and supplies. Wherever commerce or industry showed the 
 need they kept the wheels in motion, and they played no small part in the affairs of the country 
 during the period of the war. 
 
 When the American troops went overseas the need for American hospitals and American nurses 
 was apparent, and these the Red Cross sought to supply. The girls who left Buffalo and the 
 surrounding towns to serve as Red Cross and Army nurses rendered a faithful and valorous 
 service as the record of the Red Cross, embodied in another chapter, so clearly and concisely 
 shows. 
 
 But canteens, also, had to be estabHshed. The fighting man must not be entirely cut off from 
 the comforts he found at home; he was not to be left to his own resources. In his days of hard- 
 ship and struggle and strife he was to find that the American girls would cross the ocean with 
 him and stand by his side wherever duty might call them. On his way to the fighting line, he 
 was encouraged by a handshake, a cup of chocolate, a smile, a cigarette, and a Godspeed from 
 an American girl who, too, had dared the Hun, and who was prepared to make whatever sacrifice 
 need be made in order that all the world might be safe for Democracy. On his way back from 
 the field of battle, wounded, the canteen workers were there to lessen his pain by little acts of 
 kindness and consolation which only a woman can give. 
 
 Buffalo girls were not slow to go overseas in that work. Among the first to leave were Miss 
 Alice Lord O'Brian and Miss Anna P. Rochester for the American Red Cross, the last named 
 serving later with the Smith College Red Cross Unit; Miss Margaret F. Rochester, Y. M. C. A. 
 Canteen Directrice and Miss Doris Kellogg who went over with a motor repair organization 
 but was transferred first to Mrs. Vanderbilt's hospital in Paris, and later to canteen work for 
 the Red Cross. Other Buffalo women who gave their services to the Government overseas under 
 the auspices of the American Red Cross were: Mary Bissell, Helen Boechat, Emily Coit, Sue 
 Churchill, Orpha Gerrans, Mary F. Houghton, Lillian Mugler, Clara Michael, Edwine Michael, 
 Margaret Morrison, Dorothy Palmer, Mrs. Herman Seelbach, Dorothea Park Lewis, Katherine 
 Park Lewis, Marjory F. Sawyer, Xenia Slopey, Mrs. Elizabeth Slopey, Mildred Windsor, 
 
164 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Buffalo Motor Corps Girls at Drill and on Parade 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 165 
 
 Mrs. John Knox Freeman, Dr. Regina Flood Keyes and Mrs. George W. Davenport. Mrs. 
 Freeman was later decorated by the Serbian Government. 
 
 Helen Crosby and Bessie Vine went overseas under the auspices of other organizations but 
 were transferred to the Red Cross after their arrival in Europe. 
 
 For the most part, the girls who went into foreign canteen work were young women of wealth 
 and social position. In addition, they had a great deal of what we are in the habit of calling 
 good old American grit. No namby-pamby girl would attempt it; a girl lacking in means could 
 scarcely afford the venture. Buffalo produced its quota of courageous American girls who were 
 willing to give up the comforts of home and loved ones and face all the hardships and dangers 
 which field work of that sort necessarily produced. 
 
 During her period of service in France, Miss O'Brian trained 85 girls in canteen work, and for 
 her services throughout the period of the war was decorated by the French Government. She 
 had left Buffalo early in September, 1917, and sailed from New York on the "Espagne" on the 
 17th, arriving at Bordeaux on the 26th day of September. After about a month in Paris, she 
 went with five other girls, to open a canteen at St. Germain-des-Fosses. That canteen was for- 
 mally opened on the 11th day of November, 1917, just a year prior to the armistice, and was 
 the third French canteen to be opened by the American Red Cross. It was situated at a large 
 railroad junction in the central part of France, and, while in its earlier days it fed not more than 
 two or three hundred soldiers a day, it gradually grew until the canteen was feeding upward of 
 2,500 soldiers daily. Miss O'Brian worked at that canteen for the greater part of her time in 
 France, leaving on September 12th, the date of the St. Mihiel offensive, answering a call for vol- 
 unteer hospital workers at the front. While detailed with an evacuation hospital unit near Nancy 
 she was thrown from a truck and sustained a broken arm which necessitated her return to Paris 
 for medical attention. The rest of her time was spent in the conduct of Red Cross hotels in and 
 near Paris. She left there on March 23d, 1919, for England, whence she sailed for home. 
 
 Anna P. Rochester was another Buffalo girl who went to France with the first unit of laywomen 
 to be sent across by the American Red Cross. She left here in September, 1917. 
 
 Miss Rochester had a vast amount of experience in Red Cross work prior to her departure. 
 Beginning in March, 1916, and until June of the same year, she was an assistant director in the 
 planning of work and preparation of material for volunteer workers who were making surgical 
 dressings at the Buffalo Chapter of the Red Cross work rooms in Main Street. From June until 
 October, 1916, she was engaged in the arduous task of organizing the Red Cross work rooms at 
 Lee, Mass., remaining there until the new quarters were in efficient operation. 
 
 Miss Rochester returned to Buffalo in October of 1916 and became Assistant Director of Vol- 
 unteer Workers for Buffalo Chapter A. R. C. and took charge of the packing department where 
 all the surgical dressings, patients' clothing and hospital linen for the use of Base Hospital 23 was 
 packed for shipment. The work rooms were situated first in Chippewa Street and later in 
 Delaware Avenue. 
 
 Along with other Buffalo girls, she had been thus especially active in the Red Cross work of 
 preparation on this side of the ocean and when she arrived in France in October, 1917, she was 
 numbered among the best equipped girls in overseas service and was assigned to work in the 
 Railroad Station Canteen at St. Germain-des-Fosses which was open day and night feeding 
 French troops ("La Can tine des Deux Drapeaux"). 
 
 In March, 1918, Miss Rochester was made Co-Directrice of the Red Cross Rest Station, being 
 a canteen, dormitory and infirmary at Nantes on the line of communication for American troops. 
 At that station she, with other girls, fried thousands of dozens of eggs and made hundreds of gal- 
 lons of coffee for the soldiers as they passed back and forth from the front lines. 
 
 In July Miss Rochester was attached to the Smith College Unit and did emergency relief work 
 among the American troops. They established a canteen at Beauvois, back of the Soissons front, 
 and made it a club for English speaking soldiers. The College Unit was also organized into a 
 Visitmg Group, which visited every American and Britisher in the ten big French hospitals located 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 167 
 
 at Beauvois. These trips were made every day with a view of encouraging the boys and rendering 
 such assistance as they could in the way of communicating with relatives and obtaining any little 
 necessity of which the boys stood in want. During the month of August they were moved up to 
 Chateau Thierry and there fed and administered to all the wounded brought in from the surround- 
 ing territory to be evacuated by train. They did considerable emergency work, also, up near the 
 lines at Coincy. 
 
 While stationed at Chateau Thierry Miss Rochester made four trips down the Marne to Paris 
 with boat loads of wounded soldiers, very many of them coming at that time from the 77th Divi- 
 sion, and among them Carl Johndahl, Buffalo soldier who was severely wounded on the Vesle. 
 In fact, most of the men that Miss Rochester took down on boats to Paris were members of the 
 77th Division who were injured in the fighting at Bazoches and Fismes on the Vesle. Many 
 wounded men of the 28th Division, the Pennsylvania National Guard men, were also carried down 
 on those boats. 
 
 During the month of September and up until the Armistice was signed in November, the 
 Smith College Unit, of which Miss Rochester was one of the most active members, was located 
 behind the Meuse-Argonne Drive and there they did exceptionally good work. With one other 
 girl. Miss Rochester established canteens for the wounded at five evacuation hospitals located 
 at Froidos, Fleury, Les Islettes and Varennes. She was at the last named camp when the Armistice 
 was signed. These girls lived in tents from August through November; in fact, until they were 
 returned to the hospital work in Paris, preparatory to their return to America. 
 
 Miss Rochester's aunt, Margaret F. Rochester, went abroad as a Y. M. C. A. Secretary and 
 became Directrice of a Y. M. C. A. Canteen for convalescent soldiers at Neuilly-sur-Seine. 
 
 Miss Margaret Rochester sailed for France, June 11th, 1918, and shortly after her arrival in 
 Paris opened the canteen at Neuilly-sur-Seine, and thousands of men were received there. For- 
 tunately, it was possible to secure quarters in a building opposite the large American hospital 
 known as Ambulance No. 1, so the cripples, on their first walks, could get over to Miss Rochester's 
 canteen and enjoy the easy chairs, books, papers, magazines, writing materials, games, canteen 
 supplies, piano, victrola and other things provided for their comfort. 
 
 Here also they enjoyed Sunday evening services, and frequently musical and dramatic enter- 
 tainments given during the week. Miss Rochester remained here until May, 1919, when the 
 hospital having been closed, there was no further need for this canteen. She was then made 
 Directrice of a Y. M. C. A. hut at the American Military Prison installed in the Prison de la 
 Petite Roquette in Paris. There a large room in the barracks she converted into a recreation 
 room for the soldier guards and trusty prisoners, who were very appreciative of that home-like 
 spot in the midst of their grim surroundings. That canteen of which she was in charge at the 
 time this publication went to press, was well equipped with library, games, piano, etc. Entertain- 
 ments for the men still held there were frequently given. 
 
 The work of the Buffalo canteen girls overseas constitutes a most interesting chapter in the 
 history of Buffalo and Buffalonians during the period of the war. The nature of that work is 
 graphically told in the letters which Doris Kellogg penned to her mother, Mrs. Spencer Kellogg, 
 and to other members of her family from the various canteens and hospitals in France where 
 she served. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 169 
 
 CHAPTER LI 
 AMERICAN ALLIED EXPOSITION AND BAZAAR 
 
 IN 1914, the Prince of Wales Patriotic Refief Fund, of which Edward J. Kingston was President, 
 had for its object the collection of funds for the relief of English soldiers engaged in the war. 
 In January, 1917, Frank L. Talbot, who was one of the managers of the Detroit Bazaar, was 
 asked to come to Buffalo relative to holding a similar bazaar in Buffalo. In February, 1917, a 
 contract was made between Mr. Talbot and the members of the above organization, and, to avoid 
 personal liability, on March 14, 1917, a corporation was formed known as the Allied Relief Com- 
 mittee, Inc. The incorporators thereof were: Henry G. Anderson, Edward K. Kingston, William 
 Atkinson, Frank Heller, Frank H. Callan, and Alfred L. Harrison. After said corporation was 
 formed, the individual men who had made the contract with said Frank L. Talbot assigned said 
 contract to said Allied Relief Committee, Inc., and all the money of said bazaar was handled 
 under that corporation. 
 
 Norman A. MacDonald of the Citizens Commercial Trust Co. was made Treasurer, and all 
 moneys were deposited to the credit of said Allied Relief Committee, Inc., in the Citizens Commer- 
 cial Trust Co. The entrance of the United States in the World War influenced the original pro- 
 moters of the bazaar to unite the peoples of various nationalities in Buffalo to participate in the 
 Bazaar. An Executive Committee was formed and consisted of three members of each nationality, 
 with power to select the various committees. The title of the Bazaar selected was "The American 
 Allied Exposition and Bazaar." A. A. Landon, President of the Chamber of Commerce, was elected 
 President, Roy Crandall, Director of Publicity, Maxwell M. Nowak, Chairman Executive Com- 
 mittee, and Mrs. Henry Altman unanimously appointed General Chairman, Women's Advisory 
 Board. The Bazaar was most artistic and a financial success, with booths representing the follow- 
 ing peoples: American, English, Scotch, Welch, French, Canadian, Armenians, Roumanians, Poles, 
 Syrians, Isle of Man, Slovak, Belgians, Italians, and, two weeks before the Bazaar opened, the 
 Orpheus and the Irish joined the Exposition. In addition, there was a Blue Cross and Red Star 
 booth and the British Imperial forces in India under the charge of Ruston Rustomjec. The 
 Red Cross and Orpheus handed over their funds to the General Committee. In the short 
 space allotted this chapter, it would be impossible to enumerate all of the interesting incidents 
 and characteristics of the beautiful picture presented which greeted the eye on entering the 
 Broadway Auditorium. The vast ceiling represented an American flag carried out in Red, White 
 and Blue electric lights. The perfect exhibit of trenches and the Canadian War Exhibit were of 
 an educational nature and the consensus of opinion was that the Bazaar did much to bring the 
 people of this city to a realization of the fact that only through unity could the great task for 
 victory be accomplished. 
 
 Polish night held in the large pavilion was a historic day for the Poles in Buffalo, because it 
 was the first occasion that Hnked them with other nationalities united in all projects of the war pro- 
 gram. Some 6,000 Poles, including Polish soldiers, presented their national colors and American 
 flags, to the accompaniment of the solemn Polish national air, to the officers and invited guests 
 on the platform. Speeches were made by Maxwell Nowak, A. A. Landon, Mrs. Henry Altman, and 
 Rev. Anthony Majewski. 
 
 Italian night brought together thirty-two Italian societies, and it was said that 5,800 Italians 
 were present. 
 
 Great disappointment was felt that Ex-President Roosevelt could not open the Bazaar. 
 
 English night had as its honor guests ex-Ambassador Gerard and Mr. James Bech, and the 
 Chaplain of the Royal Guards. 
 
 French afternoon was made very successful by the presence of Yvette Guilbert. In apprecia- 
 tion of her gratuitous services, the French Committee gave her $1,500 for the support of 150 
 
170 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 little French children Madame Guilbert was personally caring for in France. The "Welsh Doll," 
 representing Premier Lloyd George's daughter, proved a great attraction and the $3,000 sent 
 by this booth to the Lloyd George American Fund was acknowledged in the following letter: 
 
 "This Committee can confidently state that the money sent to our Prime Minister has been of great and contin- 
 uous value in assisting the Welsh people in meeting the difficulties caused by the war. Has brought relief and 
 restored happiness and comfort to hundreds of homes throughout the length and breadth of Wales." 
 
 Too much praise cannot be given to the promoters of the Irish Booth for their successful 
 efforts in raising and working for the second largest amount realized at the Fair. At enthusi- 
 astic meetings presided over by Judge Kenefick at the Genesee Hotel, inaugurated their cam- 
 paign. 
 
 The Soldiers' Comfort Booth supplied many soldiers and sailors with comforts and the war 
 exhibit loaned by the Canadian Government was sent in charge of Captain Short, a Canadian 
 soldier who had lost both legs in the early days of the war. 
 
 May 24th, Canadian Special Day, had for its principal speaker Hon. R. B Bennett of Calgary. 
 
 The American and all other booths were equally attractive and the proceeds realized therefrom, 
 $160,000, attested to the weeks of hard work preceding the Bazaar and the faithful service of the 
 men and women throughout the ten days of the exposition. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 171 
 
 CHAPTER LII 
 SECOND RED CROSS DRIVE 
 
 THE second Red Cross War Fund drive took place May 18 to May 27, 1918. The quota for 
 Buffalo was $1,500,000 and the result was so successful that this quota was over subscribed 
 several days before the end of the time allotted. 
 Preparations for this drive, under leadership of Robert W. Pomeroy, were commenced several 
 weeks before the actual day of opening. Splendid publicity was given by the newspapers and 
 the work of carrying on this big undertaking was organized down to the minutest detail. Mr. 
 Pomeroy had as his associates representative men and women of the city of Buffalo whose 
 energy, perseverance and tact made the great success of this drive. The vice-presidents were: 
 Nisbet Crammer, Morris Tremaine and Henry P. Werner. Members of the Advisory Committee 
 were: 
 
 J. W. CowPER, Chairman J. C. Damn E. B. Holmes 
 
 E. J. Barcalo J. H. MCNULTY P. J. KUHN 
 
 Richard L. Ball J. F. Schoellkopf, Jr. H. F. Russell 
 
 C. L. Couch R. H. Thompson J. N. Mandeville 
 
 WOMEN'S COMMITTEE 
 Mrs. R. H. Thompson, Chairman 
 
 Team 
 
 
 Captain 
 
 NO. 
 
 1- 
 
 -Mrs. F. B. Baird 
 
 NO. 
 
 2- 
 
 -Mrs. L. E. Bartlett 
 
 NO. 
 
 3- 
 
 -Mrs. E. H. Butler 
 
 NO. 
 
 4- 
 
 -Mrs. S. M. Clement 
 
 NO. 
 
 5- 
 
 -Mrs. Jacob Dold 
 
 NO. 
 
 6- 
 
 -Mrs. a. J. Elias 
 
 NO. 
 
 7- 
 
 -Mrs. H. a. Forman 
 
 Team Captain 
 
 No. 8— Mrs. C. L. Gurney 
 No. 9 — Mrs. Clark L. Ingham 
 No. 10 — Mrs. John Larkin, Jr. 
 No. 11— Mrs. W. A. Morgan 
 No. 12— Mrs. F. S. McGraw 
 No. 13 — Mrs. Wm. P. Northrup 
 
 Team Captain 
 
 No. 14 — Mrs. Theo. W. Pomeroy 
 No. 15 — Mrs. H. T. Ramsdell 
 No. 16— Mrs. F. S. Sidway 
 No. 17 — Mrs. Arnold Watson 
 No. 18— Mrs. C. R. Wyckoff 
 No. 19 — Mrs. Harry Yates 
 
 a Living Red Cross of Buffalo School Girls 
 
172 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 
 
 MAJORS 
 
 
 
 
 J. W. Cowter 
 
 C. H. McCullough 
 
 W. H. 
 
 Andrews 
 
 
 F. B. Baird 
 
 F. C. Kantrowitz 
 
 Frank 
 
 : Winch 
 
 Team 
 
 Captain 
 
 Team Captain 
 
 Team 
 
 Captain 
 
 No. 1- 
 
 -Perry E. Wurst 
 
 No. 16 — Max Lubelski 
 
 No. 30- 
 
 -Henry May 
 
 No. 2- 
 
 -W. H. Kennedy 
 
 No. 17 — Dr. E. L. Volgenau 
 
 No. 31- 
 
 -J. W. Van Allen 
 
 No. 3- 
 
 -Wm. Lansill 
 
 No. 18— J. E. Mueller 
 
 No. 32- 
 
 -John J. Boland 
 
 No. 4- 
 
 -Dr. Chas. R. Borzilleri 
 
 No. 19— John K. Walker 
 
 No. 33- 
 
 -Robt. K. Root 
 
 No. 5- 
 
 -Chas. R. Robinson 
 
 No. 20— H. T. Burns 
 
 No. 34- 
 
 -S. J. Tucker 
 
 No. 6- 
 
 -James L. Crane 
 
 No. 21— Dr. Earl P. Lothrop 
 
 No. 35- 
 
 -C. W. Underwood 
 
 No. 7- 
 
 -C. L. Gurney 
 
 No. 22— P. G. Lapey 
 
 No. 36- 
 
 -E. F. A. Kurtz 
 
 No. 8- 
 
 -John W. Schoen 
 
 No. 23— R. J. Seidenberg 
 
 No. 37- 
 
 -Martin L. Kratz 
 
 No. 9- 
 
 -Dudley M. Irwin 
 
 No. 24 — Roland Crangle 
 
 No. 38- 
 
 -W. H. Gratwick 
 
 No. 10- 
 
 -Philip J. Wickser 
 
 No. 25— J. F. Murray 
 
 No. 39- 
 
 -W. H. Joyce 
 
 No. 11- 
 
 -F. W. Fiske, Jr. 
 
 No. 26— John T. Leader 
 
 No. 40- 
 
 -Frank W. Tracy 
 
 No. 12- 
 
 -Wm. a. Douglas 
 
 No. 27 — I. M. Mosher 
 
 No. 41- 
 
 -D. J. Sweeney 
 
 No. 13- 
 
 -R. L. Wood 
 
 No. 28— Ansley SAW-i-ER 
 
 No. 42- 
 
 -Geo. E. Smith 
 
 No. 14- 
 
 -Dr. C. H. Andrews 
 
 No. 29— P. S. Millspaugh 
 
 No. 43- 
 
 -H. Ernest Montgomery 
 
 No. 15- 
 
 -Wm. R. Huntley 
 
 
 
 
 
 ERIE 
 
 COUNTY— OUTSIDE OF BUFFALO 
 
 
 
 
 Major, Edna Stainton 
 
 
 
 Branch 
 
 Captain 
 
 Branch 
 
 
 Captain 
 
 Akron 
 
 Victor Boyd 
 
 Iroquois . . 
 
 
 . Mrs. J. Emory Fischer 
 
 Alden 
 
 . J. L. Miller 
 
 Java ... 
 
 
 . Frank Walker 
 
 Amherst . Arthur Suor 
 
 Java Center . 
 
 
 . Rev. E. J. McCaffrey 
 
 Angola Rev. Father Keavin 
 
 Arcade J. S. Smith 
 
 Athol Springs G. Rupert Lesch 
 
 Blasdell George W. Jack 
 
 Boston Henry W. Baker 
 
 Bowmansville . Bert Longmate 
 
 Chaffee C. W. Hillman 
 
 Clarence Mrs. A. O. Hahl 
 
 Clarence Center . Ansley Zurbrick 
 
 Colden Rev. William T. Dunstan 
 
 Collins G. P. Harris 
 
 Collins Center Rev. Chas. Carpenter 
 
 Cowlesville George Willard 
 
 Crittenden R. I. Dickinson 
 
 Depew Elwin B. Rowley 
 
 Derby Stuart R. Mann 
 
 East Amherst George Muegel 
 
 East Aurora Fay H. Ball 
 
 Eden Mrs. John C. Hubbell 
 
 Elma Elon Clark 
 
 Farnham Thomas G. Walker 
 
 Gowanda William Krebs 
 
 Grand Island Anna De Glopper 
 
 Griffins Mills W. H. Smith 
 
 Hamburg Frederick Eaton 
 
 Holland Fred H. Ellsworth 
 
 On Thursday, May 16th, a get-together dinner of the committees was held at the Lafayette 
 Hotel. General Chairman Robert W. Pomeroy presided, and the speakers were L. P. Shumway 
 of Washington, D. C, Lieutenant Bruce H. Richardson of Winnipeg, Canada, and Major D. M. 
 Mathieson. The dinner was most successful and the speakers were enthusiastically received and 
 many large subscriptions were taken in that evening. Chairman Pomeroy announced the fol- 
 lowing heads of special committees: 
 
 Publicity, Finley H. Greene; Speakers, Edward H. Letchworth; Lighting and Cards, James N. Mandeville; 
 Transportation, Dai H. Lews, and Mrs. Harry A. Spaulding; Women's Committee, Mrs. Richard H. Thompson; 
 
 Java Village Miss Mary Sheehe 
 
 Kenmore E. E. Niday 
 
 Lackawanna Dr. E. M. Tracy 
 
 Lancaster C. K. Porter 
 
 Lawtons CD. Tice 
 
 Marilla Mrs. Fremont Brown 
 
 Millgrove Otto H. Wende 
 
 North CoUins David Nelson 
 
 North Evans W. J. Critoph 
 
 Orchard Park T. E. Morgan 
 
 Porter ville Mrs. C. C. Adams 
 
 Sardinia Cory Casey 
 
 Sloan Mrs. John Carr 
 
 South Wales ... George Oelheiser 
 
 Springville Harry S. Gray 
 
 Strykers ville H. O. Johnson 
 
 Tonawanda Le Grand De Graff 
 
 Town Line Charles F. King 
 
 Versailles Mrs. Nellie R. Johnson 
 
 Wales P. G. Ha\'ens 
 
 Wales Center Dr. Wooster 
 
 West Falls Dr. P. A. McCrae 
 
 West Seneca Mrs. M. W. Pleister 
 
 Williamsville G. L. Helfter 
 
 Williston Miss Myers 
 
 i 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 173 
 
 House to House Canvass, William G. Moncriefif; Industrial, H. P. Parrock; Schools and City Employees, Frank B. 
 Baird; Special Subscriptions, Harry T. Ramsdell; Booths, Proctor Carr; Supplies, John H. Beckley; Dinners and 
 Luncheons, Richard L. Ball; Parades, Gen. Samuel M. Welch and Seymour P. White; Features, A. B. Wright, and 
 Accounting, Clifford Hubbell. 
 
 On Friday evening, May 17th, a mass meeting was held at the Elmwood Music Hall. Presiding 
 at this meeting was Supreme Court Justice Herbert P. Bissell. A stirring speech was made by 
 Norman Somerville of Toronto, one of the most eloquent orators in the Dominion of Canada. 
 During the week a Flying Squadron, under the direction of Dai H. Lewis, Secretary of the Auto- 
 mobile Club, conducted an automobile canvass in the country towns in Erie County. Many 
 well-known men took part in this out-of-town drive. Justice Bissell, who took a most effective 
 part in this work, died early in the year 1919. 
 
 On Saturday, May 18th, a great demonstration and parade was held to give the drive a splendid 
 start. General Samuel M. Welch was Grand Marshal of the Parade and the following organi- 
 zations took part: 
 
 Grand Marshal and his aides; U. S. A. Sanitary troops, Lieutenant Colonel Thomas D. Woodson; Polish Legion, 
 in command of Lieutenant Albryct; British and Canadian recruiting detachment, Lieutenant W. Mayne Lynton; 
 Fourth Brigade, State Guard, Brigadier General Louis L. Babcock; Home Defense Corps, Colonel H. I. Sackett; 
 G. A. R. Veterans; Spanish War Veterans; Buffalo Chapter American Red Cross; Mothers of Men in service; 
 National League for Women's Service; Buffalo Community Chorus; Boy Scouts; Women's Benefit Association of 
 the Maccabees; The Equestrian Club; Detail from the Buffalo Fire Department; Polish Union of America and 
 Polish Falcons; Italian societies; Children from public, parochial, private and high schools; Newsboys; High 
 School Cadet Corps. 
 
 In the morning at Lafayette Square the Red Cross flag was raised to fiy throughout the cam- 
 paign, the exercises being under the direction of A. B. Wright. Mayor George S. Buck spoke pre- 
 senting the flag to the Campaign Committee and General Chairman Robert W. Pomeroy made 
 the speech of acceptance. 
 
 Probably no demonstration ever moved Buffalo more than the marching of the twenty thousand 
 men, women and children in this wonderful Red Cross parade of May 18, 1918. There were many 
 special features in the parade, notably a living Red Cross composed of six hundred girls; this 
 was probably the most beautiful and striking feature of the parade. The girls in the center form- 
 ing the cross were dressed in red and those surrounding them as a square were in white, making 
 a truly marvelous effect. A representation of Joan of Arc, numerous floats representing the 
 salient features of the Red Cross work, were followed by the most impressive thing of the whole 
 pageant, the marching of the mothers of the boys who were then in service. To see these splendid 
 women taken from every class of the city marching with set determined faces, most of them carry- 
 ing flags with one star, but many having two, three and some as many as five stars, and one, Mrs. 
 Herman Doascher, with six stars, in the flag they so proudly bore, was probably the most deeply 
 impressive feature of this mighty host. 
 
 The next most stirring unit in the parade were the hundreds of women dressed in the simple 
 Red Cross costume. These women represented the actual workers in Buffalo who had been giv- 
 ing their time and labor to produce Buffalo's quota of bandages, surgical dressings and other 
 necessary Red Cross requirements. 
 
 The first real day of the drive was Monday May 21st, and nearly a quarter of a million 
 was raised on that day. This was a splendid get-away, and from day to day, with deter- 
 mination that the million and a half dollars would be more than subscribed, the workers 
 with unceasing labor and effort gained, until May 23d, the million mark was in sight 
 and was passed the next day and a total of $1,179,000 was reached. On May 26th, a new 
 goal of $2,500,000 was put forth and at the end of the drive it was found that this amount 
 was practically achieved. 
 
 The most satisfactory feature of this drive was the fact that the money was contributed by 
 people of all classes. When it is considered that a large percentage came from the indus- 
 trial plants that were organized under the direction of H. P. Parrock, it will be readily seen 
 
174 Buffalo s Pakt in the World War 
 
 that this Red Cross drive appealed to the working man as well as to the business man and 
 capitalist. 
 
 During the week of the drive, daily luncheons were held at the Ellicott Club and great enthusi- 
 asm was manifest. Nothing ever stirred Buffalo so deeply as this drive for although the Liberty 
 Loans were all over subscribed, the money given was for purchasing U. S. Government Bonds, 
 while the money given here was contributed to the Greatest Mother in the World. 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 175 
 
 CHAPTER LIII 
 "CAN THEY GET TO CALAIS?" 
 
 DORIS Kellogg, canteen worker, left Buffalo in March, 1918, and sailed for France late that 
 month aboard the " Rochambeau. " She was accompanied by two or three American girls 
 from other cities. Her days in Paris waiting for a canteen assignment grew dreary as 
 the red tape was unwound; her original designation had been for motor repair work, but the 
 call in France was for service in the hospitals and canteens, and for either of these tasks, the 
 Buffalo girl tendered her services. 
 
 Writing from Paris, under date of May 19th, 1918, Miss Kellogg told the interesting story of 
 her work: 
 
 "Still in Paris but with a real job at last. We are to go to a Red Cross canteen in the French War Zone, to work 
 with the French soldiers. I think I had better not mention the name for fear of the censor, but I'll just say that 
 we will be right in the thick of things and in one of the most beautiful spots of France — forests full of wild flowers 
 and /raises du bois and a beautiful old historic chateau to revel in. We are only waiting for our papers which allow 
 us to go into the War Zone. 
 
 "Now we are working in the casualty department. Red Cross Headquarters, 4 Place de la Concorde. It is inter- 
 esting, but gruesome, too. We file the inquiries of people who are trying to locate or have some news of men in the 
 Army. All day yesterday I made out records of men 'Killed in action' — 'May 10th: Died of wounds received in 
 action' — 'May 10th: Died of gas poisoning,' etc. And then we read letters from parents begging for help in finding 
 their boy, and so on. It makes one realize something of the suffering going on in America now. 
 
 "This morning Al and I went to high mass at Notre Dame. It was a magnificent service with a Cardinal who 
 swept down the center aisle, attended by gorgeously-gowned priests and choir boys. As he passed along, the congre- 
 gation kissed a wonderful sapphire ring which he wore. Then there was special music, with the most beautiful boy 
 soprano I've ever heard. The organ fairly shook the walls and ceiling with its music which seemed to pour from 
 every inch of the cathedral. It was thrilling. But one did miss the great stained-glass windows, which have been 
 removed for fear of air raids. 
 
 "We had dinner the other night with Mr. Bobbett of St. Paul. He has taken the most adorable apartment imagi- 
 nable near the Faubourg St. Germain, up on the top floor of a beautiful old building and right under the eaves. It 
 belongs to an artist and is furnished with rare and lovely antiques. After dinner we had scarcely seated ourselves 
 in the hbrary than a far-off wail of the siren was heard. Heavens! another beastly air raid. It takes no time for 
 the Alert to resound throughout Paris, and we rushed to the windows to watch the fire engines, which carry the 
 sirens, go by. This attack proved to be more or less of a fizzle, as the Gothas couldn't get through the barrage, so 
 after about an hour the Paris church bells sounded ' Berlot ' — all clear — and we ' beat it ' for home through the pitch 
 black streets. Paris is more romantic than ever in these war times. 
 
 "We are all waiting breathlessly for the great German drive. When will it come, how far will they push on, if at 
 all? Can they get to Calais? Will they take Amiens? Must Paris, too, be taken? You can imagine the tension. That 
 is one of the things that impresses me as being so different here from at home — the tension before a drive. We all 
 get ready for it, wonder about it, talk about it, and everyone seems to become grave and determined and grim. You 
 see Paris is a much more serious place than ever before. All the frivolous people have left, nine hundred thousand 
 of them, they say, and those who have remained mean business." 
 
 "Paris, France, May 22, 1918. 
 
 "It is very interesting in the casualty department. We file records of prisoners of war, wounded, killed, etc., and 
 the insight we get into the hearts of the soldiers and their loved and loving ones 'back home' is an experience to 
 have had. It is about like having an office job in Washington, I imagine, only, of course, so much more interesting. 
 My stars, but I was dead tired after work to-night! It is so hot and all, but the satisfied sense of having put in a 
 long hard day of helpful work is more than enough to compensate. 
 
 "As I sit here in my open window this evening, I hear the familiar buzz of the 'Defense of Paris' aeroplanes over 
 my head. They are the most picturesque objects up there in the sky. Sometimes I imagine them huge birds, but at 
 other times they seem like great ships sailing in the blue. After it gets dark, we see the funny, clumsy 'Saucisse' 
 balloons which are sent up with cables attached to entrap enemy planes during the air raids. 
 
 "How fast and thick our boys are coming over! Everyone I see who has just arrived brings tales of ships full of 
 Sammies being poured into France. You know that now we are part of the American Army and subject to military 
 law and orders. Are with the American Expeditionary Forces. It is great!" 
 
176 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 :.^ •, LJi.!i_^r53 
 
 Bufifalo Mothers March in Honor of Their Boys Who Were Fighting "Over There" 
 
 i 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 177 
 
 "Paris, May 23. 
 "Last night there was another attempted air raid on Paris by the Germans, but I guess they didn't get past the 
 barrage. However, it was mighty exciting and about the noisiest one we have had since I've been here. Al and I 
 were having a Httle supper of cheese and confiture before retiring, when we half heard, half sensed, way off in the 
 distance, the siren. Could anything be more irritating? We were awfully sore and bored. So we calmly went on with 
 our cheese and the sirens went on swelling. All would have been very pleasant had not the lights suddenly been 
 turned off so that there was nothing for us to do but put on coats, take our searchlight and step over to the open 
 window to enjoy the 'doings and fireworks.' Out boomed the defense guns, up in the sky shells burst like rockets, 
 and faint white streaks from the searchlight swept through the night. As our eyes became accustomed to the dark 
 we picked out two huge 'Saucisse' waiting and watching, and then after a bit the purring of our own planes way 
 over head. It is really a wonderful thing, these night thrills. After a bit the guns quite near us began bursting forth, 
 and we thought it was time to descend to the first floor. But you know it is awfully strange, how calm and tranquil 
 one can feel in the midst of these raids, and, finally, you get so bored, and what's more, sleepy beyond control — 
 and you say to your friends, 'Well, I have a feeling that they won't get over to-night, and I for one am going to 
 retire. You might rather be killed by a bomb from a Gotha than to die of a cold or ennui.' So we decide to quit 
 the cave, stumble back to our pitch black rooms and I rolled into bed. But Al stands firmly in the window, a little 
 forlornly to be sure, and says to me a bit peevishly: 
 
 " 'I don't see how you can go to bed now, when all this excitement is going on, I'm awfully thrilled.' 
 "Well, thrilled or no — just as I am dropping off to sleep, and as the guns are booming their loudest, I vaguely 
 hear Al fall heavily into her bed and no doubt she is asleep before she really touches the mattress." 
 
 "Paris, May 3L 
 "We eagerly follow the German drive, and everyone thinks and talks of nothing else. Yesterday 'le canon' was 
 much in evidence, and last night we had an air raid which we watched from our window. All this is very war-like. 
 But today we had a glimpse of the real thing. Al and I went out to the American Ambulance at Neuilly to see Mrs. 
 Vanderbilt (W. K.) and asked her if she wouldn't give us some temporary work out there until our papers came. She 
 is the head of that marvelous hospital as well as our canteen boss and is a wonder. She took Al and me all through 
 the building, which is enormous — 1,200 beds — and we were weak-kneed at the suffering of all those poor boys. The 
 hospital is jammed full with beds in all the halls and corridors, but I saw the most pathetic sight of all on one stair- 
 case and landing, where a crowd of boys in dirty and torn khaki were sitting and lying, just off the ambulances and 
 waiting for the nurses and doctors to attend to them. Their eyes were the saddest thing to see. 
 
 "And tomorrow we are to report out there early to do any kind of work we are asked to — give drinks to the boys, 
 cheer them up, make beds, etc." 
 
 (The girls followed the drive by the increase in the wounded coming to the hospitals and by 
 the refugees. Each day found both wounded and refugees coming from localities nearer to 
 Paris — Editor.) 
 
178 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 I 
 
 Showing the Destruction by the Germans at Peronne in Picardy 
 
 College destroyed by Germans 
 St. John's Church a wreck 
 
 Ruins of a residential section 
 
 The Palace on the morning after 
 
 Grand Place after shower of shells 
 
 In the business quarter 
 
 I 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 179 
 
 CHAPTER LIV 
 BUFFALO DRAFT MEN OF 78th DIVISION IN FRANCE 
 
 BUFFALO and Erie County men were scattered through virtually every army division and 
 every military unit which left America for overseas service, and every American training 
 camp held its quota of Buffalo men. Buffalo's national guardsmen, for the most part, were 
 members of the 27th Division. The balance were in the 55th Pioneer Infantry to be used for 
 replacement purposes. 
 
 All units of the Army and of the Navy, whether in American camps or overseas service, found 
 plenty to do, but there fell to the National Army men from New York State and from Buffalo 
 and Erie County a terrifically arduous task in the Argonne. 
 
 A comparatively large number of Buffalo Selective Service men had gone overseas with the 
 77th Division in April. Another, and perhaps larger, contingent followed in the latter part of May. 
 This second detachment was assigned to the 78th Division, Buffalo men being particularly numer- 
 ous in the 309th and 311th Infantry; the 307th, 308th, 309th Artillery; 303d Trench Mortar 
 Battery and 303d Engineers of that Division. 
 
 The artillery, apart from its officers, was made up entirely of Selective Service men, a very 
 large number of whom were from the vicinity of Buffalo and Rochester. They comprised the 
 153d Field Artillery Brigade, and were organized at Camp Dix, along with the other units of the 
 78th Division. The infantry organization was completed during the winter of 1917-1918, but 
 the artillery was formed in a hurry at the last minute. The Division left Camp Dix May 27th, 
 nearly two months after the 77th had sailed. The 78th sailed from New York, aboard the Cedric, 
 and were on the sea at the time the Marines stopped the Germans near Chateau Thierry. 
 
 Of course, the artillery recruits had to have some training before they were sent across. It 
 was said of them that they were so raw when they reported for duty that most of them, if ordered 
 to open the gun breech would have removed the muzzle cover. 
 
 The 78th Division, followed the ocean-going course of other American divisions, and was as- 
 signed to a training camp for instructions behind the lines. The situation was tense when they 
 arrived, and the demand of General Foch for more men was still pressing. The French and 
 British, along their two great fronts had taken new heart as the news of the achievement of the 
 Marines flashed along the lines. They were still weary, however, after four years, of struggle and 
 hardship, and needed encouragement just at that period to hold them to their task. 
 
 The artillery of the 78th Division was sent to Camp de Meucon to learn the eccentricities of 
 the French Seventy-five. Most of them had their first look at that sort of a gun in the park at 
 Meucon. Their training period lasted six weeks, but they did not then join the rest of their 
 Division; instead, they were sent to the Toul sector, a quiet sector for front line training. The 
 Nineteenth Division infantry took its place in that sector August 23d, and the 78th's artillery 
 was sent into support. 
 
 The Nineteenth was made up of guardsmen from Oklahoma and Texas, where they grow strong 
 and tall, but neither the infantry nor the artillery had been under fire before and both "had 
 their wind up," as the Britishers would say, on their first night in the line; the heavens over No 
 Man's Land looked like a Paine's fireworks celebration to the Nineteenth as the flare from the veri- 
 lights took on a pyrotechnic aspect. Resting the chin strap of their tin derbies on the front line was 
 a new experience. They knew they had veteran Huns in front of them and green artillerymen be- 
 hind them, and their officers say it was difficult to state offhand of which they stood in greater fear. 
 
 For upward of two weeks, first in support of the Nineteenth Division and then the Ninetieth 
 Division, the 78th's artillery kept its post. The Germans did most of the shooting, for the am- 
 munition of the Allies was being moved up quietly for the St. Mihiel offensive. The artillery's 
 nose was kept on the front line until Pershing was ready to move. 
 
> 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 S 
 
 Q 
 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 181 
 
 CHAPTER LV 
 IN MRS. VANDERBILT'S PARIS HOSPITAL WITH DORIS KELLOGG 
 
 ON June 1st Miss Kellogg went to the Vanderbilt Hospital in Paris. Her letters tell the story 
 of the work performed by American girls in that splendid institution, and it is interestingly 
 told: 
 
 "My first day in a hospital has been an event. We arrived at the American Ambulance at about 9 A. M., and were 
 put right to work. I spent all morning making innumerable beds, hundreds which had just been evacuated and 
 were to be ready for the rush of wounded who are pouring in every day. I almost keeled over when I assisted at 
 the dressing of a boy's arm which was too horrible to describe. I had to hold the arm, which after a few minutes 
 became so heavy that I felt like screaming, and every time I moved it in the least, the poor boy would screw up 
 in agony. The whole elbow joint was exposed and gangrene had set in so that the odor was frightful. Poor little kid! 
 He is only nineteen. He was as plucky as could be, but anxious, and asked the doctor if he thought he would be 
 good for active duty again — the doctor said no. He has a bad wound in the abdomen too. 
 
 "As I left the hospital at about seven this evening, I asked one of the ambulance drivers if there were any more 
 wounded coming in to-night and he said that they had just had word that there are two thousand up at La Chapelle 
 now. That means to-morrow many more new faces. 
 
 "As for the 'offensive,' the Germans still press in toward Paris, and every night we are wakened by the sirens and 
 barrage against the enemy planes. But I care not a whoop for anything now but to help make those poor Sammies 
 more comfortable. 
 
 "You see Neuilly is used as the evacuation hospital for our men coming from the Front, and after they have been 
 fixed up there they are sent South. So every day we clear out some and fill in with fresh wounded." 
 
 "Paris, June 3. 
 ' ' Our hospital is like a great surging sea, with every day a new wave of wounded boys coming in and the ones not 
 too ill moving out. I call them 'The Heroes of Cantigny.' It is so queer to go into the wards each morning and see 
 new faces looking up into yours, mostly always still dirty and bloody. 
 
 Members of Smith College Canteen Unit - Miss Rochester of Buffalo, first of rear trio. 
 
182 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 "We have a British 'Tommy' who is suffering agonies, and to-day I helped move him from his bed onto the stretcher 
 to be taken up to the operating room. He screamed like a wild thing and kept looking up into my face so pleadingly. 
 I kept stroking his forehead and talking to him, and then went with him through the corridors and up in the lift. 
 I told the two French stretcher bearers that if they would be extra careful, I'd give them each two cigarettes, and 1 
 tell you they simply crawled. And then when the kid came down again (he is only a kid, 19 years old yesterday) 
 I gave him some sweet chocolate. He ate it and then looked up and said in his weak hoarse way: 'Noice.' 
 
 "What," says I. 
 
 "Again, 'Noice, Noice.' But this time I thought he must be dying and had just strength enough left to call to 
 me 'Nurse.' So leaning way down close to him I said: 
 
 "What do you want, son?' 
 
 " ' Oi say hit's noice.' The chocolate was nice. 
 
 "I'm helping out in three large wards as nurse's aide, taking temperatures, pulses, cleaning the rooms, making 
 beds and helping feed the men." 
 
 "Paris, June 4. 
 
 "Can it be true! The Allies have taken 10,000 prisoners to-day at Chateau Thierry. It is too wonderful and we 
 hardly know what to do to let off the exuberance bubbling up inside us. It came as such a surprise. 
 
 "You see we had had a long day at the hospital, and when we were putting on our coats in the dressing room, 
 some white-haired lady proceeded to unburden the most disheartening tales she had just heard from someone that 
 we were evacuating as many of our wounded as we possibly could, that we were getting no new ones, and that the 
 Huns were coming right along to Paris. Well, we were too sick. All those hundreds of wounded men upstairs and 
 still we had not been able to hold the Germans! W'e came on into Paris, and this was the first thing that greeted us: 
 
 '"10,000 German Prisoners Taken To-day at Chateau Thierry!' 
 
 " As I say, we almost exploded, and to celebrate, six of us marched over to Weber's on Rue Royal to have a peach 
 melba for dessert. Now what will the morning paper have to say, and what if it weren't so after all?" 
 
 "Paris, June 6. 
 
 "Still the war goes on and every day more wounded pour into the hospital. Just as I left to-night the ambulances 
 were lined up waiting to unload their 'blesses.' It is a horribly pitiful sight to see the men when they first come in, 
 dirty, bloody, and so tired and shaken up from their long ride in ambulance train or auto. 
 
 "Behold a grand transformation after one night with us! A good night's rest, then the next morning wounds 
 dressed, a warm bath and shave and dose of insect powder and they look and feel like princes. It is the most 
 heartening thing in the world to see them brace up like that." 
 
 "Paris, June 8. 
 
 "What a day! All day long, from 8 o'clock this morning till 8.30 to-night, I've washed, fed and 'aided' the gallant 
 Marines who poured into the hospital like hail and still were pouring when I left. The corridors were lined with 
 wounded on cots and stretchers, the verandas with blanket-wrapped, bandaged boys, the stairways blocked with 
 khaki-clad, steel helmeted Sammies. The Marines have put up some marvelous fight! Now we are putting up tents 
 on the roof verandas to shelter more of them. Plucky kids! I love them all. The dressings were terribly trying, 
 particularly as the nurses had to do them because all the doctors were operating. 
 
 They are coming in now with arms and legs off, but don't let me harrow you too much, for after all the hospital 
 is really quite heavenly to the men — clean, good food and Beds. And surgical cases are not like medical cases, seldom 
 fevers or vomiting, just dressings and pain which grows less every day. I took jam to my boys to-day and am going 
 to take butter to-morrow. I shall never be able to thank my stars enough for having been able to get over here just 
 when I did and for the way things have turned out. If you could half realize what it means to these Sammies to 
 have American girls here to comfort and cheer them, you would be building special ships to send more and more 
 overseas. Being here is a privilege for which I shall never cease to be grateful. 
 
 "And to-day Mrs. Vanderbilt broke the news that our papers are here for Chantilly and we must leave Monday. 
 She says she hates to have us go but the need for canteen workers is tremendous and it seems best to send us out. 
 I weep to leave the hospital, but I know I shall love the canteen work too. To-morrow is our last day." 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 183 
 
 CHAPTER LVI 
 BUFFALO MARINES IN BATTLE OF BELLEAU WOOD 
 
 Germany's purpose in the March offensive, was to divide the French from the British forces. 
 - The May and June drives were aimed at Paris and were designed, by capture of the French 
 capital, to crush the French spirit. The push toward Paris began on May 27th. Rapidly 
 and steadily, with great loss to the French, the German line moved toward the River Marne. 
 The American Third Division, fresh from trench training, was hurried to the Marne to help out 
 the French, while the First Division remained in the Montdidier Sector. A number of drafted 
 men from Buffalo were in the Third Division. Another, Leo Dombrowski, a Polish boy of 230 
 Townsend Street, won distinction for Buffalo and for himself by gallant conduct at that time 
 and in later engagements; in fact, many Buffalo boys distinguished themselves in that campaign. 
 Dombrowski, drafted in Buffalo on November 22, 1917, went with others to Camp Dix, N. J., 
 and later to Camp Greene, N. C, where he was assigned to Company H, 7th Infantry, U. S. 
 Regulars, a part of the Third Division. The Division left Camp Merritt for overseas early in 
 April, arrived in Brest on the 16th, and went immediately into trench training. 
 
 When the German Marne offensive was ripping the French lines wide open, Dombrowski and 
 his Buffalo "bunkies" found themselves on their way to the Marne front south of Chateau 
 Thierry to participate with their division in the first conspicuous American effort in France. 
 
 Here was an instance of a youngster, unknown to war, taken from his work bench and, in the 
 short space of six months placed against the trained soldiers of Germany in a telling battle of 
 the greatest war of all history. 
 
 The motorized machine gun battalion of the Third Division reached the bridgehead at the 
 Marne on June 1st, opposite Chateau Thierry, and successfully held it against the German forces. 
 It was the first check the enemy experienced in his Spring push toward the wonder city of France. 
 These men had travelled fast to reach the Marne bridgehead before the Germans. When they 
 got there the withdrawing French told them they would be compelled to retreat. "Retreat Hell," 
 they replied, "We've just arrived." 
 
 The Second Division — made up of the Third Brigade, 9th Infantry, 23d Infantry and Fifth 
 Machine Gun Battalion; Fourth Brigade, Fifth Marines, Sixth Marines and Sixth Machine Gun 
 Battalion; the Second Artillery Brigade — 12th, 15th and 17th Field Artillery and the Fourth 
 Machine Gun Battalion; also, the Second Regiment of Engineers and the 1st Field Signal Battal- 
 ion — was in a training area when the Marne offensive began. This Division included many 
 Buffalo and Erie County* men, among them Lester Bergman, 18th Co., 5th Regiment, U. S. 
 Marines. Private Bergman was wounded five times and spent five months in a hospital in France. 
 He won the Croix de Guerre and was cited for the Distinguished Service Cross for the work he 
 did while on patrol one night when his three companions in the patrol were killed and he managed 
 to escape after having been rather seriously wounded. It was the original intention of the 
 High Command to have the Second Division take up a position with the First Division at Mont- 
 didier as soon as its training was complete. Both Divisions were to be held in reserve to check 
 any further drive toward the Channel Ports. The Second Division had been training at Chaumont- 
 en- Vixen, but by orders of the French High Command, to which General Pershing had turned 
 over the American forces, the Second was directed, on May 29th, to march to the Beauvais area 
 
 * Three Buflfalo boys, privates in the Marine Corps, Frank J. Barcsykowski, Lester Bergman, and George M. Ebel, Jr., played a prominent 
 part in the Battle in Belleau Wood in France recently, having a hand in the capture of a Maxim gun, 23 machine guns and 170 Huns. The Maxim 
 will be sent to the United States and will find a permanent place at Marine Headquarters in Washington. Along with it will come two of the 
 hcavj' German "minenwerfers" which will be presented to the United States Military and Naval Academies at West Point and Annapolis, respec- 
 tively. On this occasion, 23 German machine guns were also captured. AH these were later turned up on the front line by the Americans and 
 fired at the enemy, many of whom thus fell %nctims to their own weapons. Barcsykowski and Bergman have been cited for bravery. Barcsykowski 
 and three others took a Hun machine gun after wiping out its crew through sniping. Bergman was one of a party of ten who captured the Ger- 
 mans who were making a fiank attack on the trench occupied by the Americans. Both of these young men enlisted in Buffalo in April, 1917, 
 and after training in this countr.v went across the sea together. Barcsykowski's home is at 18 Klaus Street, that of Bergman 176 West Delavan 
 Avenue and Ebel is the son of Mrs. Margaret Ebel, who lives at 408 Bristol Street. — From the New York Herald. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 185 
 
 about one day's trip north. That movement was scheduled to begin at 6 o'clock on the morn- 
 ing of May 31st. Billeting parties had been sent ahead to provide quarters, and the Division 
 was fully prepared to move at the appointed hour. 
 
 In the meantime the news of the German offensive of May 27th was flying around the world. 
 Military forces had received the information that the Germans had smashed through the French 
 line between Soissons and Rheims and were advancing rapidly on Paris. The American First 
 Division had broken the continuity of German successes by capturing Cantigny* in a local combat, 
 but the German drive had met no insuperable obstacle. 
 
 About 5 o'clock on the evening of May 30th, a French staff officer appeared withdrawing 
 orders for the movement to Beauvais. He delivered a new order directing the infantry to be 
 ready at 5 o'clock the following morning to proceed to the neighborhood of Meaux on the Chateau 
 Thierry front. The trip was one of about 70 miles from Chaumont-en- Vixen and was to be taken 
 in motor trucks. The trucks of the supply and ammunition trains followed the infantry. The 
 other units were directed to proceed by train as rapidly as transportation could be provided. 
 Meaux is located on the Paris road about 20 miles east of Paris. When the infantry arrived, 
 the city was in a state of great excitement. The streets were filled with refugees. Marines said 
 every living thing they saw was going in the opposite direction as they moved up to the front, f 
 Refugees hurrying with their worldly goods along the road stopped, knelt and prayed as the 
 American soldiers passed them. Old men and old women and children loaded down with bundles, 
 some carrying the sick, and all haggard and worn and pitiful, trudged on down the road as rapidly 
 as their feeble legs could carry them. A number of the Buffalo marines, after their return, said 
 the sight of those oppressed people gave them a determination to stop the Germans at all hazard. 
 
 When General Bundy, commanding the 2d Division arrived at Meaux he was directed to take 
 up a position between Gandelu and Montigny northwest of Chateau Thierry. At that time 
 General Bundy had no information as to the location of the French or the Germans, possibly 
 because the line was changing so rapidly. The French High Command had no definite knowledge 
 itself. 
 
 On June 1st General Bundy left his temporary headquarters, at Montreuil in the Gandelu 
 area, and went to meet General Degoutte commanding the French 21st Army Corps. They met 
 a short distance west of Chateau Thierry. General Degoutte's corps had fought against superior 
 numbers for five days, and had conducted an orderly retreat saving most of their artillery and 
 transports. At the time of the conference between the American and the French Commanders, 
 it was explained to Bundy that the Germans had taken Chateau Thierry and Hill 204. Don 
 Martin, the former Buffalo newspaper man, was in Chateau Thierry the day the Germans entered. 
 
 Although General Degoutte had made no mention of the fact, it appears, that the Germans 
 had also taken Vaux and were in full command of the Paris Road. Their first line ran through 
 Vaux and along a railroad to Bouresches, thence through the Belleau Wood to Chezy, passing 
 through Torcy. The American brigades of the Second Division established their brigade head- 
 quarters on the east and west side of the Paris Road a few miles west of Vaux. Some of the trains 
 
 * On April 26th the First Division had gone into the line in the Montdidier salient on the Picardy battle front. Tactics had been suddenly 
 revolutionized to those of open warfare, and our men, confident of the results of their training, were eager for the test. On the morning of May 
 28th, this division attacked the commanding German position in its front, taking with splendid dash the town of Cantigny and all other objec- 
 tives, which were organized and held steadfastly against vicious counter attacks and galling artillery fire. Although local, this brilliant action 
 had an electrical effect, as it demonstrated our fighting qualities under extreme battle conditions, and also that the enemy's troops were not alto- 
 gether invincible. — From General ['ershing's Report. 
 
 On April 20th. the 26th Division had successfully attacked the Germans at Seicheprey. The attack occurred during the 26th's period of train- 
 ing, and was considered by many officers as the most important of the local combats in which the Americans had taken part up to that time. 
 
 — Editor. 
 
 t It was on the evening of May 30th, after a day dedicated to the memory of their comrades who had fallen in the training days and in the 
 Verdun sector, that the Fifth and Sixth Regiments and the Sixth Machine Gun Battalion, United States Marines, each received the following 
 orders: 
 
 Advance inforrnation, official, received, that this regiment will move at 10 P. M., 30th May, by bus to new area. All trains shall be loaded at 
 once and arrangernents hastened. Wagons, when loaded, will move to Serans to form train. 
 
 All through the night there was feverish activity among the Marines. Then, the next morning, the long trains of camions, buses, and trucks, 
 each carrying its full complement of United States Marines, went forward on a road which at one place wound within less than ten miles of Paris, 
 toward Meaux and the fighting line. 
 
 Through the town of Meaux went the long line of camions and to the village of Montreuil-aux-Lions, less than four miles from the rapidly ad- 
 vancing Gerrnan line. Refugees, old men and women, small children, riding on every conceivable conveyance, many trudging along the side of 
 the road driving a cow or calf before them, all of them covered with the white dust which the camion caravan was whirling up as it rolled along: 
 along that road only one organization was advancing, the United States Marines. — Secretary Daniels' Report, December 1, 1918. 
 
186 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 
 .'"ay-koLe"; 
 
 German Entrenchments on Battlefield North of Soissons 
 
 1^^' 
 
 ^■K:^"^: 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 187 
 
 which were to bring a part of the Division were cancelled, and the units assigned to those trains 
 started on a forced march of 70 miles ; among the marchers were most of the machine gun units, 
 and motor trucks were later sent to hurry them in. 
 
 The spirit of the French was revived when they heard that the Americans "in large numbers" 
 had entered the line. A gap in the front between Gandelu and Montigny held by the French 
 Seventh Corps was filled by the 23d Infantry and a battalion of Marines under Colonel Paul B. 
 Malone. A part of the Third Division went into the line south of the Marne near Chateau Thierry. 
 When the oncoming Prussians struck this new formation the entire American front held.* The 
 German drive was stayed. 
 
 The Germans, from Hill 204 which they occupied, had a splendid view of the American forces 
 and positions. They also had control of the air, and, in general, every advantage of location. 
 While the Germans had been checked, the American situation was not an enviable one. 
 
 Having successfully held, the Americans quickly decided that the time had arrived for their 
 offensive, and on June 6th, the Marines began the attack on Belleau Wood and Bouresches. 
 This move was made in conjunction with the 164th French Division on the left. Belleau Wood 
 is about a mile and a half in length from north to south with an average width of less than one 
 mile. It was covered at that time with a thick undergrowth. The Germans had not been un- 
 mindful of its advantages for concealing machine guns and infantry and they had occupied it 
 with both, together with some trench mortar batteries. The woods had the protection of the 
 German artillery, and were a menace to the American position, for, if driven off the Paris Road, 
 the American line of supplies would be wiped out and the troops forced to fight with their backs 
 to the Marne. 
 
 The Marines went into Belleau Woodf at 5 P. M. on June 6th, and when night fell they had 
 taken Bouresches and a goodly portion of the woods. Their losses were heavy, but they held 
 their position in the face of fierce counter-attacks. It had been difficult for the Germans to believe 
 that their advance had been stopped ; now it was bitterly aggravating to them to find themselves 
 being pushed back and they fought desperately. Their morale was at high pitch then. 
 
 James Doyle, a Buffalo Marine, a former street car conductor, who was in the Marine regiment 
 that met the Germans in the wheat field, himself wounded in Belleau Wood, said on his return: 
 "They were the sorest mob of Prussians I ever saw when they were forced to go back. We had 
 hung them on the wires by the hundreds for they came at us the first time in massed formation. " 
 
 Private Turner, connected with the Buffalo Marine Recruiting Station, fought through Belleau 
 Wood. He left here some days before the declaration of war for Quantico, Virginia, a marine 
 training station. Most of the Marines who left Buffalo prior to and at that time, as well as those 
 who left subsequently, were sent to Paris Island for preliminary training; they were then trans- 
 ferred to Quantico, and from the latter place to France. Among the Marines the trip was called 
 a "hop, step and a jump." The hop was to Paris Island, the step to Quantico and the jump to 
 France. 
 
 * On the evening of June 2d the first field message from the Fourth Brigade to Major General Omar Bundy, Commanding the Second Division, 
 went forward: 
 
 Second Battalion, Sixth Marines, in line from Le Thiolet through Clarembauts Woods to Triangle to Lucy. Instructed to hold line. First 
 Battalion, Sixth Marines, going into line from Lucy through Hill 142. Third Battalion in support at La Voie du Chatel, which is also the post 
 command of the Sixth Marines. Sixth Machine-gun battalion distributed at line. 
 
 Meanwhile the Fifth Regiment was moving into line, machine guns were advancing, and the artillery taking its position. That night the men 
 and officers of the Marines slept in the open, many of them in a field that was green with unharvested wheat, awaiting the time when they should 
 be summoned to battle. 
 
 The advance of the Germans was across a wheat field, driving at Hill 165 and advancing in smooth columns. The United States Marines, 
 trained to keen observation upon the rifle range, nearly every one of them wearing a marksman's medal or better, that of the sharpshooter or 
 expert rifleman, did not wait for those gray-clad hordes to advance nearer. Calmly they set their sights and aimed with the same precision that 
 they had shown upon the rifle ranges at Paris Island, Mare Island and Quantico. Incessantly their rifles cracked, and with their fire came the 
 support of the artillery. The machine-gun fire, incessant also, began to make its inroads upon the advancing forces. Closer and closer the shrapnel 
 burst to its targets. Caught in a seething wave of machine-gun fire, of scattering shrapnel, of accurate rifle fire, the Germans found themselves 
 in a position in which further advance could only mean absolute suicide. The lines hesitated. They stopped. They broke for cover, while the 
 Marines raked the woods and ravines in which they had taken refuge with machine gun and rifle to prevent them making another attempt to 
 advance by infiltrating through. Above, a French airplane was checking up on the artillery fire. Surprised by the fact that men should deliber- 
 ately set their sights, adjust their range, and then fire deliberately at an advancing foe, each man picking his target, instead of firing merely in 
 the direction of the enemy, the aviator signaled below "Bravo!" — Secretary Daniels' Report, December 1, 1918. 
 
 t In the black recesses of Belleau Wood the Germans had established nest after nest of machine guns. There in the jungle of matted under- 
 brush, of vines, of heavy foliage, they had placed themselves in positions they believed impregnable. And this meant that unless they could be 
 routed, unless they could be thrown back, the breaking of the attack of June 2d would mean nothing. There would come another drive and 
 another. The battle of Chateau Thierry was, therefore, not won and could not be won until Belleau Wood had been cleared of the enemy. 
 
 It was June 6th that the attack of the American troops began against that wood and its adjacent surroundings, with the wood itself and the 
 
 (Continued on page 189) 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 189 
 
 The Fifth and Sixth Marine Regiments left America June 13, 1917 on the "Henderson," and 
 arrived at St. Nazaire, France, on June 26. On April 20, 1918 some of the Marines, among 
 them Turner, were injured with shrapnel at Verdun, but most of them had returned to the line 
 by May 30, when the trip from Chaumont-en- Vixen to Meaux was started. His battalion arrived 
 in position at Chateau Thierry on June 5, and on the following day was in the thick of the 
 fight in the fields and ploughed ground adjacent to Belleau Wood. 
 
 The Marines lost hundreds of their men in Belleau Wood. The machine gun nests and the high 
 explosive shells, the gas and the shrapnel took a mighty toll. But the Marines hung on, and on 
 June 11th they tore in again. In their second assault they took another portion of the Wood, 
 but it was not all theirs as yet. Fritz rushed in fresh troops, and subjected the Americans to a 
 terrific shell fire of gas and shrapnel. On the 13th the Germans launched a counter-attack. But 
 the Marines, their lines thin but unshakable, held fast, relied on their bayonets, and beat off the 
 onslaught with the cold steel. 
 
 It so happened that the 7th Infantry, a part of the Third Division, was in reserve behind the 
 Marines on June 13th when the depleted ranks successfully withstood the German counter-stroke. 
 General Bundy made application for the use of the 7th Infantry for six days. The request was 
 granted, and the 7th Regiment of the Third Division took the place of two battalions of Marines. 
 The Marine Battalions, reduced one-half in numbers, were withdrawn to billets on the Marne 
 for replacements and a rest. 
 
 General Bundy in his report says: "The presence of the 7th Infantry was of great value. The 
 battalion south of Torcy advanced its position to within a short distance of the village, thus 
 straightening out a re-entrant that existed in our lines at that point. The other two battalions 
 fought gallantly, but unsuccessfully, to gain the northern edge of Belleau Wood. They encoun- 
 tered the same opposition that had held the Marines, and when they were relieved at the end of 
 six days the northern part of the woods was still in possession of the Germans." 
 
 It is interesting to note that Corporal Dombrowski, the drafted Buffalo boy, was a member 
 of the 7th Infantry and thus took part in the battle of Belleau Wood. In a letter to friends, he 
 said: 
 
 towns of Torcy and Bouresches forming the objectives. At 5 o'clock the attack came, and there began the tremendous sacrifices which the Marine 
 Corps gladly suffered that the German fighters might be thrown back. 
 
 In Belleau Wood the fighting had been literally from tree to tree, stronghold to stronghold. Belleau Wood was a jungle, its every rocky forma- 
 tion forming a German machine-gun nest, almost impossible to reach by artillery or grenade fire. There was only one way to wipe out these 
 nests — by the bayonet. And by this method were they wiped out, for United States Marines, bare chested, shouting their battle cry of E-e-e-e-e- 
 y-a-a-h-h-h yip!" charged straight into the murderous fire from those guns, and won! Out of the number that charged, in more than one instance, 
 only one would reach the stronghold. There, with his bayonet as his only weapon, he would either kill or capture the defenders of the nest, and 
 then swinging the gun about in its position, turn it against the remaining German positions in the forest. Such was the character of the fighting 
 in Belleau Wood: fighting which continued until July 6th, when after a short relief the invincible Americans finally were taken back to the rest 
 billet for recuperation. 
 
 In all the history of the Marine Corps there is no such battle as that one in Belleau Wood. Fighting day and night without relief, without 
 sleep, often without water, and for days without hot rations, the Marines met and defeated the best divisions that Germany could throw into 
 the line. The heroism and doggedness of that battle are unparalleled. Time after time officers seeing their lines cut to pieces, seeing their men 
 so dog tired that they even fell asleep under shell fire, hearing their wounded calling for the water that they were unable to supply, seeing men 
 fight on after they had been wounded and until they dropped unconscious; time after time officers seeing these things, believing that the very limit 
 of human endurance had been reached, would send back messages to their post command that their men were exhausted. But in answer to this 
 would come the word that the lines must hold, and if possible those lines must attack. And the lines obeyed. Without water, without food, 
 without rest they went forward — and forward every time to victory. Companies had been so torn and lacerated by losses that they were hardly 
 platoons; but they held their lines and advanced them. In more than one case companies lost every officer, leaving a sergeant, and sometimes a 
 corporal to cornmand, and the advance continued. After thirteen days in this inferno of fire a captured German officer told with his dying breath 
 of a fresh division of Germans that was about to be thrown into the battle to attempt to wrest from the Marines that part of the wood they had 
 gained. The Marines, who for days had been fighting only on their sheer nerve, who had been worn out from nights of sleeplessness, from lack 
 of rations, from terrific shell and machine-gun fire, straightened their lines and prepared for the attack. It came — as the dying German officer 
 had predicted. 
 
 At 2 o'clock on the morning of June 13th it was launched by the Germans along the whole front. With their backs to the trees and boulders 
 of the Bois de Belleau, with their sole shelter the scattered ruins of Bouresches, the thinning lines of the Marines repelled the attack and crashed 
 back the new division which had sought to wrest the position from them. 
 
 And so it went. Day after day, night after night, while time after time messages like the following traveled to the Post command: 
 
 Losses heavy. Difficult to get runners through. Some have never returned. Morale excellent, but troops about all in Men exhausted. 
 
 And they continued to hold on in spite of every difficulty. Advancing their lines slowly day by day, the Marines, finally, prepared their posi- 
 tions to such an extent that the last rush for the possession of the wood could be made. Then, on June 24th, following a tremendous barrage, 
 the struggle began. 
 
 The barrage literally tore the woods to pieces, but even its immensity could not wipe out all the nests that remained; the emplacements that 
 were behind almost every clump of bushes, every jagged, rough group of boulders. IJut those that remained were wiped out by the American 
 method of the rush and the bayonet, and in the days that followed every foot of Belleau Wood was cleared of the enemy and held by the frayed 
 lines of the Americans. 
 
 It was, therefore, with the feeling of work well done that the depleted lines of the Marines were relieved in July, that they might be filled 
 with replacements and made ready for the grand offensive in the vicinity of Soissons, July 18th. And in recognition of their sacrifice, and bravery 
 this praise was forthcoming from the French: 
 
 "Army Headquarters, June 30, 1918. 
 
 "In view of the brilliant conduct of the Fourth Brigade of the Second United States Division, which in a spirited fight took Bouresches and 
 the important strong point of Bois de Belleau, stubbornly defended by a large enemy force, the general commanding the Sixth Army orders that 
 henceforth, in all oflicial papers, the Bois de Belleau shall be named "Bois de la Brigade de Marine. 
 
 "Division General Dbgoutte, Commanding Sixth Army." 
 — From Secretary Daniels' Report, December 1, 1918. 
 
190 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 
 /^siM 
 
 American Marines in France 
 
 Burying their first German dead 
 
 In the front line trenches on Western Front 
 
 U. S. Marine on sentry duty during a gas attack 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 191 
 
 "Early in June we were sent to relieve the Marines in Belleau Wood, proceeding right up to 
 the front line. My platoon went into the front line the first night we arrived. The whole regiment 
 occupied both the front and support lines. Two platoons would take the front line each night 
 and two fall back, alternating in this way nightly. The front line here consisted of dug-outs only. 
 There were no trenches. These dug-outs were called fox holes or funk holes. The morning follow- 
 ing the night we entered the front line we were told to go over at 7.45 A. M. We understood the 
 barrage was to start at 5.30 A. M. No barrage came and we sent back runners to find out what 
 was the trouble. Some of the runners were ' bumped off, ' but finally one got through and on his 
 return gave us the news that the artillery had no orders for a barrage. We later found out that 
 this attack was not ordered by our own command but was ordered by a spy with the rank of 
 lieutenant colonel in the Marines. We started over, however, without the barrage, but failed in 
 our effort, and had to fall back to our front line. Company D was practically wiped out of exist- 
 ence in this attack. We held the line until relieved by the Marines." 
 
 Whether or not Corporal Dombrowski's reference to the spy is accurate must depend for verifi- 
 cation upon the complete data which will come with the lapse of time. The official reports of 
 that period convey no confirmation, but numerous accounts of the activities of spies in French 
 and American uniforms have come back with the returning soldiers, and not all of these narra- 
 tives can be entirely, nor readily, dismissed. 
 
 The Marines returned to the Hne at the end of six days, and favored by a well placed and 
 terrific barrage they drove the Germans from the woods and sent them flying across the open 
 ground toward the railroad tracks north. Belleau Wood had been won! 
 
 The moral effect of this victory was immense; not only among the Allied fighting men but in 
 the French and English homes and in the American homes far across the ocean. The praise of 
 the Marines was sung at every fireside and on every street corner in Buffalo when the news 
 finally got through. 
 
192 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER LVII 
 HOUSE WARMING PARTY FOR 77th DIVISION AT BACCARAT 
 
 WHILE the Marines with the Second Division were pressing north through Belleau Wood, 
 and it became apparent that American courage and driving power was taxing the military 
 skill of the enemy, a very extended movement of the American troops on the Continent 
 began. Five of the ten divisions then training in the British area were withdrawn. Among these 
 was the 77th Division which, during the month of May and early in June, had been within ear- 
 shot of the heavy artillery duel at Ypres and Mount Kemmel. They were subjected nightly to 
 Boche bombing raids, and had suffered some casualties. The Buffalo boys had absorbed British 
 combat methods but balked at British "chow." Jam and tea and lime juice, with meat for dinner 
 and cheese for supper day in and day out was not entirely to their liking. Later on, when they 
 were battling through the Argonne it would have looked like a banquet. 
 
 The 42d Division had held a front line trench 
 at Baccarat in the Lorraine Sector for some 
 weeks. And they held it well. It was a quiet 
 sector, apparently by mutual consent, but in a 
 quiet sector the raiding parties, the night prowl- 
 ers, always establish for one side or the other a 
 conviction of superiority. It is related of the 
 42d Division that during their period on the 
 Lorraine front they "held the edge" to such an 
 extent that the American doughboys were able 
 to "hang their wash on the barbed wire en- 
 tanglements" in No-Man's Land.* That may 
 not be entirely accurate, but it serves to in- 
 dicate that the 42d Division was not playing 
 the subordinate part in No-Man's Land in 
 Lorraine. When the 77th Division was with- 
 drawn from its training area, it was sent to the 
 Lorraine front to relieve the 42d Division. The 
 42d had suffered some casualties and those places 
 were filled with men from the 77th Division. 
 
 On June 19th the change was begun and by 
 the 26th the new Division had moved into 
 place. The Rainbow Division was gone, and 
 the 77th had established the historic fact of 
 being the first draft division to take over a part 
 An Abandoned German Machine Gun of the front line. The Rainbow Division pulled 
 
 out, and went into reserve, presently to take up a position east of Rheims. 
 
 Apparently the Germans had knowledge of the lack of training in the new division. If the 42d 
 Division had been masters of No-Man's Land in the Baccarat sector, the Boche apparently saw 
 no immediate necessity of having the dose repeated with the newcomers. They welcomed the 
 77th at 4.00 A. M. on the 24th of June with a shower of gas, mixing phosgene and mustard with 
 fine discrimination, showing a special favoritism for the densely billeted villages of Migneville, 
 
 * Yesterday in broad daylight some Alabama troops on our right walked over to the German trenches unmolested and unchallenged. They 
 found a German officer and three men in a dugout. The Alabama party was only five. They killed all four Germans and upon their return found 
 one of their own party missing. They went back and found him caught in the German wire. While rescuing him they heard footsteps on the Ger- 
 man duckboard. Lying in wait they caught two other Boche, killed them and stripped all of their victims bringing their clothes back. Their only 
 worry was the dirty socks of the last Hun they caught. The Alabama crowd are the greatest crowd I have ever seen. They wander all over the 
 landscape shooting at everything. — From a letter written by Major William J. Donovan, 165th Regiment (i2d Division), to his wife, March 10, 1918. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 193 
 
 St. Maurice, Neuviller and Badonviller. The 
 front line was not overlooked. If the 77th had 
 anticipated a quiet time in that quiet sector they 
 got over the notion quickly. Their housewarm- 
 ing party was not entirely of the sort they would 
 have chosen if the matter had been left to them, 
 but yet they made no grumble. They were new 
 at the war business and not disposed to be 
 critical about front line ethics. They put their 
 gas masks on with great speed and thereby 
 saved themselves much inconvenience and 
 suffering and many casualties. 
 
 The Baccarat sector, a portion of which was 
 held by French troops, was between Luneville 
 and St. Die, southwest of Nancy. The 77th 
 was given the portion of the front extending 
 from Herbeviller on the left to a point east of 
 Badonviller on the right. This territory was 
 divided into four sub-sections which were held 
 by the 305th, 306th, 307th, 308th Infantry 
 respectively; a battaUon front of each sub- 
 division with a battalion in reserve. Each week 
 or so, the battalions would alternate in the front 
 line. The 77th remained in Baccarat sector from 
 June 26th to August 4th. About the middle of 
 July when the drive was started at Soissons to 
 break through the Marne salient, the nose of 
 which the Marines and Regulars had turned up 
 at Belleau Wood, the French Division, the 61st, 
 which had shared the Baccarat sector with the 77th was withdrawn, leaving the New York 
 drafted men in charge of the entire front. The New York artillery came into support, and the 
 Baccarat zone had then become for the first time in the war an ail-American affair, with nearly 
 2,000 Buffalo and Erie County boys doing their bit there. 
 
 Watching the Enemy from an Old Stone Outhouse 
 
194 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER LVIII 
 SMASHING THE MARNE SALIENT 
 
 WHILE troop movement from the United States during April, May and June was gratifying 
 to the AlHed commanders it had the effect of intensifying the German attack. The Marines 
 had taken Belleau Wood, but the grey hordes released from the Russian front rolled down 
 toward the Marne. 
 
 The Allies were still fighting a defensive war. General Pershing in his conferences with General 
 Foch, according to the best attainable information, urged an offensive operation on the Marne 
 salient — the wedge which had been driven down to Chateau Thierry, its sides extending to a 
 point just west of Rheims on the east and Soissons on the West. Major Frederick Palmer, war 
 correspondent and censor on General Pershing's staff, in commenting on this situation said: 
 
 "The Allied armies on the western front had been almost as completely on the defensive for 
 four months as if we were a besieged garrison. In spirit they had been on the defensive since 
 Cambrai in the previous autumn. After the fourth offensive, which brought the enemy within 
 forty miles of Paris, you might hear military discussions on whether or not Paris should be de- 
 fended in the event of another German drive bringing it under the German guns. The preparations 
 which the military authorities had made for any emergency were matters of common talk. We 
 were ready to move our own army offices from Paris; the Red Cross and the Y. M. C. A. had 
 arranged for trucks to remove their workers. Lay pessimists saw Paris as already lost; and mili- 
 tary pessimists saw its defenses as impracticable directly it was seriously threatened. All hopes 
 centered on the arriving American divisions. If the Allies could stem the tide until August 1 then 
 we should outnumber the enemy; and when there were enough Americans and they were organized 
 we might consider an offensive which could hardly take place before Spring. Thus, confidence in 
 eventual victory rested entirely upon the Americans; and the spirit of initiative in our men was 
 reflected in counsel by General Pershing which was to have an important influence on the opera- 
 tions that were to recover the offensive for the Allies in a single stroke. 
 
 "Any soldier of any age who looked at the German salient after the Marne offensive could 
 have had only one thought, and that was a drive at the base of the salient to close the mouth of 
 the pocket. Yet one heard talk that salients no longer counted. Neither reports of German 
 strength nor the defensive spirit of the time diverted General Pershing's attention from that 
 inviting bulge in the German battle line. When Premier Clemenceau and General Foch came 
 to American Headquarters June 22 for a conference, he again pointed to its obvious vulnerability, 
 and vigorously advocated an offensive. He had faith that the German strength was overestimated ; 
 and that under a determined attack the salient would crack like an egg shell. 
 
 "But where were the troops for the operation? The events of the four years of war, which 
 had placed such heavy responsibilities upon the French Army, had made the French thrifty of 
 their man power. Although no sufficient strategic reserve for a counter offensive existed, General 
 Pershing suggested that there were divisions in rest which could be mobilized. Our untrained 
 divisions could release other French divisions from quiet sectors. Our older divisions had already 
 proved their mettle. We had others which might not be fully trained, but they would fight. 
 They knew how to shoot; they had initiative. Behind them were still other American divisions 
 rapidly training and others arriving from America. The time had come to prick the bubble of 
 the Marne salient. It was only a bubble, though it was German. Let the veteran French Army 
 attack with its old elan and the young American Army attack by its side with the energy of its 
 youth, and we should force the Germans to dance to our tune instead of our dancing to their 
 tune." 
 
 Just at that time Major William J. Donovan, Buffalo, was in the line with a portion of the 
 42d Division east of Rheims. General Pershing in his report said, "they held ground unflinch- 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 195 
 
 ingly. " Lieutenant Wertz, the old 74th boy, was in the First Division on the Soissons front, 
 and the Second division, with a big contingent of Buffalo boys, was then moving into position 
 beside the First , on the western side of the Marne Salient. If a fight was to come off there, Buffalo 
 would be in it. They did not have to wait long. 
 
 The Germans launched an attack on July 15th with a view to crossing the Marne east of Chateau 
 Thierry. This was the offensive they expected would carry them to Paris. The German drive 
 was terrific. One regiment of the Third Division * alone held its positions — the Thirtieth Infantry. 
 
 The French Division which had been holding the ground on the right retired under fire, and 
 the 38th Infantry on the left of the Thirtieth also fell back. Colonel Butts of the 30th, who at 
 that period in the German advance, when told by the French to fall back, sent word that the 
 American soldiers would not be able to understand why their flag should be carried to the rear; 
 that he proposed to hold his position. 
 
 Colonel Butts estimated that 10,000 German soldiers were killed in that battle. Upon his 
 return to a rest billet a few days afterwards he dictated the following: 
 
 "On July 15th the 30th Infantry held the sector from Mezy nearly to Fossoy and covered more than four kilo- 
 meters of front, and five or six kilometers back from the river (Marne). The front was lightly held. The ground 
 was open for a mile back from the river and then it was interspersed with woods. The reserves were in the Bois 
 d'Agremont and near the front line of the woods was the P. C. post. The ground rose gradually from the river and 
 a moving picture artist could not have selected a spot where there was such an ideal view of a battlefield; but a 
 view meant practical annihilation, so that the reserves suffered more than the men in front. For hours there was 
 nothing to do but lie close in trenches with gas masks on. 
 
 "The main attack was directed against the 30th Infantry, which received the greatest percentage of the artillery 
 fire in the 3rd Division. 
 
 "In the first ten seconds every wire was cut by shellfire, every horse was killed, every rolling kitchen and water 
 cart was destroyed, every trail obliterated, and four of the five runners were killed. Three German divisions were 
 opposite the 3d Division and the attack was mostly on the sector held by the 30th; they received at least one-half 
 of it. 
 
 "The French division on the right of the 30th and 38th retired under fire until the Boches were across the Marne 
 and had put artillery on the hills south of Jaulgonne. This forced the 38th to back up, and that left the 30th being 
 shelled from three sides. The reserve line and P. C. post were for a day on the advance line of the 7th Infantry on 
 the left and the 38th Infantry on the right. This left the 30th shelled on three sides for twenty-four hours. Orders 
 captured on a German officer showed they expected to have been at St. Eugene at 7 A. M. and at Montmirail, six 
 miles to the rear of the 30th, that night. 
 
 "Officers and men, crazed from shell shock, would rush to the P. C. post to cry that all was lost, and that it was 
 hell and they could not stand it any longer. But all of them did! It was a wonderful lot of officers and men and I 
 am proud to have commanded them. Believe me, they can fight! Any tale can be told of them and it can be more 
 than true. Recite any tale of heroism and sacrifice and it has already been duplicated." 
 
 Major Palmer speaking of this German drive on the Marne says: 
 
 "The result of the German offensive of July 15 justified General Pershing's premises and con- 
 clusions both in the repulse of the enemy and in the way which the 3d and 4th Divisions and 
 the French and British divisions had fought. All the Germans had gained was to deepen their 
 pocket. They had put the point of their salient over a river in a bloody and unsuccessful effort. 
 They were in reaction as the result of their failure; we were in the reaction from our depression. 
 It was the turning point of psychology. Immediate advantage must be taken of the opportunity. 
 The Germans had started a war of movement ; we accepted the challenge at the moment that 
 they were trembling and confused from the failure of their own initiative. We should not take 
 the time for elaborate preparations which would reveal our point of attack ; we should go in with 
 the rush of Manoury's men in September, 1914, and along many of the same roads where he had 
 struck Von Kluck." 
 
 Many boys from Buffalo fought that day — the Marne attack — with the 3d Division. They were 
 
 * On the right flank of this (July 15th) offensive four companies of the Twenty-eighth Division were in position in face of the advancing waves 
 of the German infantry. The Third Division was holding the bank of the Marne from the bend east of the mouth of the SurmeHn to the west 
 of Mezy, opposite Chateau Thierry, where a large force of German infantry sought to force a passage under support of powerful artillery con- 
 centrations and under cover of smoke screens. A single regiment of the Third wrote one of the most brilliant pages in our military annals on 
 this occasion. It prevented the crossing at certain points on its front while, on either flank, the Germans, who had gained a footing, pressed 
 forward. Our men, firing in three directions, met the German attacks with counter attacks at critical points and succeeded in throwing two 
 German divisions into complete confusion, capturing 600 prisoners. — From General Pershing's Report, Norember ZO, 1918.) 
 
■ « 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 197 
 
 in the 7th Infantry, which escaped the fury that had fallen to the 30th Infantry. On July 15th, 
 in a letter home, Frank Mazurowski of 129 Coit Street, Company H, 7th Infantry, says they 
 had been given a two-weeks' rest, after their Belleau Wood experience and were then sent up to 
 the Marne River at Fossoy. 
 
 " I had to work hard there, " he wrote, " I was at it day and night. Most of my work was getting 
 hand grenades ready, and getting chow to the trenches." Getting "chow" to the trenches was 
 a dangerous task, for food servers usually pass under continuous shell fire. "Ours was a fairly 
 quiet place," his letter continues, "until the 14th of July. That night, or rather at 1 o'clock in 
 the morning, the German guns broke loose. It was some barrage. I wanted to die — that is how 
 bad it was. This I will never forget, but the Germans were held back until the 21st of July, on 
 a Sunday morning, when we crossed the river. You should have seen the "square heads" as we 
 call them. They were hanging dead on trees and all over the field. We chased them until July 
 29th when we were relieved. " 
 
 Leo Dombrowski, another Buffalo Polish boy in the 3d Division, told the story of the Marne 
 attack of the Germans on July 15th, with perhaps a little more of detail, but his view was the 
 same. "We went up to the front," he says, "on the night of July 14th. A barrage came over 
 from the Germans which lasted seven hours. We lost about a platoon and a half of the men of 
 our company during this barrage. The Germans then came over and attacked the 30th Infantry 
 of our Division. The 30th Infantry lost heavily but held on. Others fell back, and the Germans 
 crossed the Marne, and proceeded down the Paris-Metz Road for about a quarter of a kilometer. 
 The Germans held their position for five days. I think it was about July 22d we took the offen- 
 sive. After crossing the Marne we advanced about 4 kilometers. The Germans were dug in and 
 we encountered mostly machine gun nests. We went up into a little woods called Meurcy Farm, 
 and in that woods we had a hot time with a lot of German snipers. They held us up for some 
 time until we flanked them out. We lost many men in doing this. Other divisions had broken 
 through their lines further up, and we then started our major advance going clean to Fismes. 
 There we were relieved by the 28th Division about the end of July." 
 
 Neither of the two Buffalo Polish boys were aware at that time of the American attack then 
 being made on the other side of the Marne salient. General Pershing had persistently urged an 
 attack on the German salient, as has been pointed out by Major Palmer, and General Foch 
 was not unmindful of the value of the suggestion. General Retain worked out the plans for the 
 attack. When the German drive of July 15th had been checked by the American 3d, it was 
 quickly decided by the Allied High Command to hit back. Not, however, until 4 P. M. on the 
 afternoon of July 17th, with the attack set for 5.35 on the morning of July 18th, were the plans 
 for the attack drawn up and instructions given to the artillery and infantry commanders. 
 
 General Pershing in his report tells briefly of the movements which broke up the Marne salient 
 and finally turned the Germans back from Paris: 
 
 "The great force of the German Chateau Thierry offensive established the deep Marne salient, but the enemy 
 was taking chances, and the vulnerability of this pocket to attack might be turned to his disadvantage. Seizing 
 this opportunity to support my conviction, every division with any sort of training was made available for use in a 
 counter-offensive. The place of honor in the thrust toward Soissons on July 18th was given to our First and Second 
 Divisions in company with chosen French divisions. Without the usual brief warning of a preliminary bombardment, 
 the massed French and American artillery, firing by the map, laid down its rolling barrage at dawn while the infantry 
 began its charge. The tactical handling of our troops under these trying conditions was excellent throughout the 
 action. The enemy brought up large numbers of reserves and made a stubborn defense both with machine guns and 
 artillery, but through five days' fighting the First Division continued to advance until it had gained the heights 
 above Soissons and captured the village of Brezy-le-sec. The Second Division took Beau Repaire farm and Vierzy 
 in a very rapid advance and reached a position in front of Tigny at the end of its second day. These two divisions 
 captured 7,000 prisoners and over 100 pieces of artillery. 
 
 "The Twenty-sixth Division, which, with a French division, was under command of our First Corps, acted as a 
 pivot of the movement toward Soissons. On the 18th it took the village of Torcy while the Third Division was 
 crossing the Marne in pursuit of the retiring enemy. The Twenty-sixth attacked again on the 21st, and the enemy 
 withdrew past the Chateau Thierry-Soissons road. The Third Division, continuing its progress, took the heights of 
 Mont St. Pere and the villages of Charteves and Jaulgonne in the face of both machine-gun and artillery fire. 
 
198 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 "On the 24th, after the Germans had fallen back from Trugny and Epieds, our Forty-second Division, which had 
 been brought over from the Champagne, relieved the Twenty-sixth and, fighting its way through the Foret de Fere, 
 overwhelmed the nest of machine guns in its path. By the 27th it had reached the Ourcq, whence the Third and 
 Fourth Divisions were already advancing, while the French divisions with which we were co-operating were moving 
 forward at other points. 
 
 "The Third Division had made its advance into Roncheres Wood on the 29th and was relieved for rest by a brigade 
 of the Thirty-second. The Forty-second and Thirty-second undertook the task of conquering the heights beyond 
 Cierges. When the Forty-second and Thirty-second were relieved, the Seventy-seventh Division took up a position 
 on the Vesle." 
 
 As the story of these various engagements in the Marne battle, beginning with the holding of 
 the Marne bridgehead on Memorial Day, 1918, is told in patches, it may be difficult for the 
 reader to follow accurately, in this story, the various movements in which Buffalo men partici- 
 pated. In reality, the holding of that bridgehead by the 7th Machine Gun Company was the 
 first check of the German Drive towards Paris. Two days later the Marines had flocked in on 
 the Paris Road, somewhat west of Chateau-Thierry. While we have published statements from 
 but a few Buffalo boys, very many from Buffalo and the surrounding towns were in that Marine 
 Brigade which fought through the wheatfield and subsequently, throughout the month of June, 
 through the Belleau Wood. 
 
 During the time the 2d Division, to which the Marines were attached, was clearing the Belleau 
 Wood, and thus holding a substantial element of the German attack, the 3d Division, supporting 
 a French Division, had worked in along the railroad north of the bend of the Marne. Generally 
 speaking, they were in the territory as shown on the map between Chateau-Thierry and Epernay. 
 It will be easy for the reader to find Fossoy on the map and that, for all practical purposes, will 
 give one an idea of the location of the 3d Division. This Division also had quite a few Buffalo 
 men in it, and early on the morning of the 15th of July they received the impact of the big Ger- 
 man offensive, which, in truth, was the real thrust of the German army towards Paris. While 
 not as many Buffalo men were engaged there as with the Marines, still quite a few of our towns- 
 men participated in that terrific engagement and acquitted themselves with signal honors. The 
 reader who has followed carefully the statements of Palmer and Pershing can realize that it was 
 largely through the earnest appeals of the American Commander that the Allies determined on 
 taking the offensive at this period; an offensive that stopped the Germans on all sides of the 
 Marne Salient and by July 24th was rapidly turning them back at the Ourcq, heading them 
 toward the Vesle. At this point General Pershing sent in the tearing, fighting 42d Division, 
 putting them in the "clean up" position, with a view to breaking the German spirit. This they 
 did, as is told by Major Donovan in the succeeding chapter. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 199 
 
 CHAPTER LIX 
 MAJOR DONOVAN AT THE BATTLE OF THE OURCQ 
 
 MAJOR William J. Donovan, who conceived Troop I, Buffalo's crack little cavalry company 
 of State Guard, years before the Mexican Border episode and who gained some military 
 prestige, and, possibly, some military experience in the Mexican patrol, took an effective, and 
 conspicuous part in the attack on the Marne salient. Major Donovan, then a Captain, left Buffalo 
 directly after war was declared, and assumed the post of Brigade Adjutant of the First Brigade, 
 New York. During his service on the border, his appointment had been asked as Lieutenant Colonel 
 of the 69th. New York's "Fighting Sixty-Ninth" had taken a keen liking to Captain Donovan 
 and that sentiment was reciprocated by the Buffalo officer. His designation as Lieutenant Colonel 
 was not accomplished, however, but appreciating that the 69th, by reason of its record, would be 
 one of the first National Guard units called for active service, he quickly accepted the duties of Brig- 
 ade Adjutant as a preliminary step to field work with the 69th Regiment when it should move out. 
 
 In the early days Troop I had been looked upon as a riding school for rich men's sons. The 
 family "coat" was supposedly the bridle ornamentation of the Troop, and the members of that 
 organization were sometimes called "Silk-stocking boys." 
 
 Through the efforts of Captain Donovan and his Troop the co-operation of Senator John F. 
 Malone, then an influential figure in the 
 State Legislature at Albany, was obtained 
 and an appropriation for an armory in Dela- 
 van Avenue secured. The Troop grew rap- 
 idly. They policed the industries at Depew 
 during the big strike of 1913, and made a 
 reputation for soldierly conduct and ability 
 to take care of themselves in any kind of a 
 scramble. 
 
 Major Donovan was not the son of a rich 
 father, but of parents from whom he in- 
 herited a wealth of courage and of character. 
 Those traits took him rapidly to the front 
 in the legal profession, and, subsequently, in 
 his military pursuit. He was born in Buffalo 
 on New Year's Day, 1883. 
 
 On July 15, 1914, Captain Donovan mar- 
 ried Miss Ruth Rumsey, daughter of the 
 late Dexter P. Rumsey, a pioneer Buflfalo- 
 nian of wealth and position. Mrs. Donovan 
 tearfully but proudly and patriotically gave 
 way to the demands of her country for 
 the services of her husband, so splendidly 
 equipped for military work. 
 
 After his return from the Border, Captain 
 Donovan learned that the Troop would 
 probably remain in this country a long while, 
 so he went to New York and called on Gen- 
 eral O'Ryan for an assignment. He had Buffalo Boy Gets Croix de Guerre 
 
 been in New York but a short time when Major Donovan being decorated by French Commander 
 
200 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 he was appointed a Major, and given the task of organizing Brigade Headquarters at the 71st 
 Regiment Armory. When the 69th was ordered out as the first regiment to go to France with 
 the 42d or Rainbow Division, he gladly quit his task as Brigade Adjutant to take command 
 of the First Battalion of the old 69th, now the 165th Infantry. During the apprenticeship 
 of the regiment at Camp Mills, New York, and in the training area in France, Major Donovan 
 devised a system of preparation for the hardships of the campaign, along the lines of his own 
 experience as a football player, and, as events proved, with very good success. 
 
 The first intensive work which fell to Major Donovan in France was in the Luneville sector 
 at Rouge Bouquet. On the night of the 13th of March, 1918, when Donovan's battalion was being 
 relieved in the front line, the new troops were fired on by the Germans. One of the dugouts in 
 which a number of men were working was hit by a huge minenwerfer, and caved in completely. 
 While not of that command, Donovan secured permission, by reason of his familiarity with the 
 location, to go to the scene, and, though exposed to shell fire throughout, he steadied the men at 
 their posts, and began operations to secure the release of the entombed men in the dugout. Or- 
 ganizing a relief crew, he picked up ten men who had lost their way and started back with them, 
 intending to bring up some engineers. Before leaving, however, he straightened out each man. 
 He stopped for a minute to put his arm around a youngster on guard and asked him if he was 
 "going to let those damned Dutchmen get his goat." In response, the boy said "No"; grasped 
 his gun more firmly, and resumed his watch. Major Donovan started back through the dark for 
 the post of command, but the Germans evidently heard the little party for it was greeted with 
 a shower of shrapnel and gas. They took cover in a woods. The shells struck all around them 
 and lit up the dead trees. In the blaze of the explosions they could see the twigs and branches 
 and sometimes the trees crash down. Some of the men were badly frightened, but Donovan 
 finally got them all in and made his report. He had just reached his quarters, however, when the 
 officer who had said they would get the imprisoned men out of the dugout reported that the 
 vibrations from the other bombardment had knocked down more earth and he had been obliged 
 to take his relief crew out. Shells were still flying about the trenches when Major Donovan 
 returned to the demolished dugout. There everybody had found shelter, leaving the entombed 
 men to their fate. Donovan ordered all hands to work; had coffee prepared for the workers, 
 declaring that if they did not succeed in releasing the men they would at least establish the fact 
 that a United States soldier is never deserted by his comrades no matter how difficult the situa- 
 tion. As Donovan entered the trenches, he tripped over the body of a dead soldier, and found 
 it was the boy around whose shoulders a few minutes before he had thrown his arm. When the 
 shelling began they had called to the lad to seek cover, but he had refused to leave his post. He 
 was hit on the head with a piece of shrapnel and killed instantly. With a few brave men and 
 officers, Donovan went down a stairway leading to the demolished dugout, with only a candle 
 lighting their way. Shells were hitting around them. Cold, muddy, dead hands stuck up out of 
 the earth here and there. Two young officers stood on the stairs above Donovan, tense and white 
 and tired; willing to face all personal dangers, but rapidly losing their nerve at the thought of 
 the poor devils under the wreckage, and the absolute futility and helplessness of it all. As Dono- 
 van looked at the mass of earth it was brought home to him that nothing more could be done, 
 and that that must be their tomb. He said afterwards, "I almost wished that the rest of the 
 covering would fall and bury me. " It was two o'clock in the morning when he came out of the 
 trench; saw that the guards were posted and that everybody was "on his feet" again, and started 
 back four miles through the dark to headquarters to make his report. For his courage and 
 coolness on that occasion Major Donovan was awarded, by the French Army, the Croix de Guerre. 
 
 July 15th when the German drive which spent much of its fury on the Third Division near 
 Fossoy, was on, the 42d Division was in the defense of the line at Champagne. Several Buffalo 
 boys were now in that Division having been transferred from the 77th at Baccarat. The bulk of 
 the fighting there fell upon Major Anderson with the Second Battalion. After the First and 
 Second Divisions had made their thrust through the German salient at Soissons on the west. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 201 
 
 and the Third and Fourth were striking north, the 42d went into action on the southeastern 
 side of the saHent, going over on July 27th. On July 28th the Third Battalion, under Major 
 M'Kenna, led the attack across the Ourcq. While there has been some dispute as to which Batta- 
 lion was first across, the Division Commander and Father Duffy, the regimental chaplain, 
 both support the precedence of M'Kenna's Battalion. In the remaining four days of the fighting 
 however, the operations in the field were conducted by Major Donovan until the Germans were 
 finally driven from their position to a depth of ten kilometers. Major Donovan was wounded 
 in that action, but refused to leave the front; he was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross,* 
 and, a vacancy occurring shortly afterward, was made Lieutenant Colonel of the regiment. In 
 a letter written to his wife, Colonel Donovan gives an interesting account of that engagement : 
 
 "August 7, 1918, 5.30 P. M. 
 
 " More of life has been crowded into the past few weeks than I have ever known before. Let me begin — On the 
 morning of July 25th we left our little town of Champigny in camions, 16 men in each camion, so that we stretched 
 for miles. I rode in a little Ford with the French lieutenant in charge, for it was French camion service, and such a 
 sight I have never witnessed. The Germans were only three days ahead of us. We passed through fields and towns 
 still filled with their dead and our dead. The roads were choked with supply wagons, artillery and machine guns. 
 Artillerymen were asleep on their horses. Machine gun drivers were going along with their heads on their knees 
 and their reins dragging in the dirt. We were relieving the 26th Division. The other brigade of our division had 
 gone up the night before. For about a half hour we stopped at Chateau Thierry. In time of peace this must be 
 beautiful. I went into three fine mansions which the Germans had occupied. Books and paintings and clothing had 
 been pulled from their places and scattered indiscriminately. It was evident that these homes had been quitted 
 by their owners hurriedly, because private papers and letters were lying about so that anyone, might read them. 
 Most of the town was just a mass of ruins. I went into the hallway of one house, and found a French soldier and 
 from him borrowed a piece of cheese and a crust of bread and canteen of water. That was the first meal I had that 
 day, and it was 3 o'clock. About 7 P. M., we arrived at the little town of Epieds and marched right straight into 
 an air battle in which the German planes predominated. They came down over our camions and fired their machine 
 guns into us. No one was hurt. One plane came sailing over us not far back of where we made a quick turn and 
 then passing directly over one of our observation balloons fired down around it and passed on. It was very brilliantly 
 and daringly done. Immediately the observer dropped in his parachute and the balloon went up in flames. We 
 marched to the Chateau Moucheton, which only a few days before had been German Brigade Headquarters. It 
 was very cold and very wet. Our wagons were not in — we had no food, excepting the men who had their reserve 
 rations with them. As the night wore on Ames (Captain Ames) and I got in on the floor of an ambulance and managed 
 to get a little sleep. 
 
 "The next morning we made reconnoissance of our position, and it was decided that my battalion should go in and 
 relieve an entire French Regiment near a town called Beauvardes. In the afternoon with my company officers we 
 made reconnoissance of these woods and ran into a terrific fight between our 84th Brigade and the Germans. It was 
 very hot and bloody. Two of my company commanders were wounded. A shell mixed with high explosives and gas 
 hit the roof directly over my head. The rain of rocks and dirt and tile fell about us, and we each got a beautiful 
 mouthful of gas. 
 
 "My battalion was on the move to make the relief but orders came sending them back to the Chateau, as the 
 relief was off. The doctor gave me some sniffs of ammonia, fixed up my eyes with boracic acid and then laid me 
 down on a billiard table in the Chateau and I thought I was there for the night. About midnight, however, orders 
 came directing us to complete the relief, and then in the rain and the darkness we marched nine kilometers, stretched 
 along in columns of twos, with fifty yards distance between platoons and one hundred yards between companies, 
 so that it seemed like quite an army. It was no easy matter making a relief in the woods with the Germans taking 
 pot shots at you, but, finally, we managed to effect it, and I lay in a ditch with a blanket around me, for an hour's 
 sleep. The next morning, in making the rounds, I noticed an unusual stillness, and made report of the fact to head- 
 quarters. We then learned that they had pulled out under cover of darkness, and were retreating some four kilo- 
 
 201 *AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES 
 
 Prom: Division Adjutant, 42d Division. September 13, 1918. 
 
 To: Lieutenant Colonel William J. Donovan, 16oth Infantry, 
 
 (Through Military Channels). 
 Subject — Citation for Decoration. 
 
 The Commander in Chief, in the name of the President, has awarded you the Distinguished Service Cross (presented you September 7, 1918) 
 for the following act: 
 
 "Major William J. Donovan, 165th Infantry. 
 "He led his battalion across the River Ourcq and captured important enemy strongholds near Villers-sur-Fere, France, on 28th to 30th July, 1918. 
 He was m advance of the Division for four days, all the while under shell and machine gim lire from the enemy, who were on three sides of him, 
 and he was repeatedly and persistently counter-attacked. Fifty per cent of his command were lost and he himself wounded twice. His coolness, 
 courage and efficient leadership rendered possible the maintenance of this position." 
 By Command of Major General Menoher. 
 
 Walter E. Powers, Major, U. S. A., Adjutant General. 
 
202 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 meters ahead of us. We received orders to advance. I was tacked up on the flank of the Alabama Regiment. We 
 started in the afternoon. We made the advance in line of small groups and marched through large forests over the 
 same grounds the Germans had left just a few hours before. They had made a very orderly retreat as they had through 
 all this territory. They had gotten away with all their rolling stock and had left behind only large and small shells, 
 most of which were dated April, May and June of this year. Dead horses were lying all about, but only a few unburied 
 Germans. We found many newly-made graves, but no wounded. 
 
 "About 7.00 P. M. we left the woods and came out on a hill on the southwestern part of a place of which you 
 have often heard — Sergy. This town was on the other side of the Ourcq River and looked very suspicious to me. 
 I halted my outfit and with that the 168th also halted. I then sent out patrols to the left to get in touch with the 
 French who were supposed to be there, but I could not find them. Then we heard a burst of machine-gun fire and the 
 patrol came back towards us at a gallop, one riderless horse. We had gained contact. Then the lieutenant in com- 
 mand came back and reported to me, and all of us lay on our stomachs while the shells began to burst all around 
 us. It was a perfect place for a fight. This town lay in a little basin, while up behind us lay high hills. We lay on 
 the forward slope. As darkness was coming over, I moved the Battalion back on the reverse slope, where it could 
 be a little freer from the fire. That was a horrible night. It was cold, wet and damp, and the shells were pretty 
 uncomfortable. I sat on the ground with my knees huddled up to my chin and managed to sleep two or three hours. 
 At 4.30 A. M. orders came in that we were to lead an attack further to our left. I went forward to where the Colonel's 
 post was and reported, and while there received a message from the General to advance and cover the right of the 
 3d Battalion. That meant an advance of two kilometers in the face of heavy artillery fire. The BattaHon then did 
 what I think was one of the best things I have seen. We made that advance of our two kilometers in an approach 
 formation, passed through a woods, crossed the River Ourcq with only five casualties. Shells were bursting all 
 around us. I shall never forget Ames. He was handling his little detachment, as I was waiting at the river, like a 
 quarterback of a football team. We got up on top of the hill which we were directed to take and dug in. The other 
 Battalions were unable to stand the fire and fell back through us. 
 
 "All that day we were subjected to heavy artillery and machine-gun fire. As it wore on, some of the positions 
 that the German machine guns had abandoned were resumed and they got in a cross-fire on us that made a heavy 
 toll. That day, however, I lost only one officer. Two or three of the men dug in a little hole that night and Ames 
 and I crept into it and I had a very refreshing two and a half hours sleep, which, with a cup of coffee and a piece of 
 bacon gave us new life. 
 
 "The next morning we were ordered to connect up with the Ohio Regiment on our left and advance to a new objec- 
 tive. The machine gunners had climbed in so close to us in the night that it was very difficult to move. To get to 
 
 An Allied Bombing Plane on Its Way to Metz 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 203 
 
 our position we had to face a machine gun nest, with two machine guns in the nest they put forth a burst of fire as 
 each man crossed the open space. Before we got going the first ten men crossing dropped, shot, and yet the next, 
 without a falter, went over. There were some fine examples of daring and courage. 
 
 "Finally we got back where the stream took a bend, and we were able to get under cover of a bank. Here I lost 
 one officer, killed. The battalion commanders on the right and left refused to move forward at all without obtaining 
 artillery assistance. I said that we would go forward in accordance with orders. It was simply a matter of duty. 
 One sergeant took a platoon against a machine-gun nest. He had twenty men when he started and when he reached 
 the gun, he had four. But he took the gun and the seven men who were serving it. We took very few prisoners. 
 The men, when they saw the Germans with Red Crosses on one sleeve and serving machine guns against us, firing 
 until the last minute, then cowardly throwing up their hands and crying "Kamerad," became just lustful for Ger- 
 man blood. I do not blame them. Several officers and men were wounded and killed, and when I heard that Captain 
 Bootz, who was just ahead of me, was wounded, I ran forward to see that the line was steadied. I met him as he 
 was being carried out and I lay down by the side of a stream to talk with him. Ames came running up behind me to 
 look out for me. I ordered him back, but he just smiled and said he was going to stay with me. He came up and lay 
 beside me. A sniper began to play on us and machine gun bullets crossed my shoulder and struck Ames in the ear. 
 He died instantly. I reached for him, and as I did, another bullet struck me in the hand. I rolled into the creek, 
 worked my way up to a group of men, and with that fire playing over us, stayed there for three-quarters of an hour 
 with mud and water above our waists. An aeroplane came over us, saw these troops advancing up the creek, gave 
 its signal to its artillery, and soon shells began to drop all around us and in the creek itself. I got the men out and into 
 a wood which was in the very center of the position, and had them entrench in the hillside, and on the farm and dug 
 in for the night. We had advanced some three kilometers without any support either on our right or on our left 
 flank, with no artillery preparation and with no auxiliary arms. We had done it with rifles, machine guns and bayonets 
 and against artillery and machine guns. 
 
 "All that night we held on and all the next day, with no food, the machine guns which the Germans had placed sweep- 
 ing us constantly. I do not know why I was not killed. I had been previously hit on the chest with a piece of stone 
 or shell which ripped my gas mask and another piece of shell had hit me on the left heel, tearing my shoe, and throw- 
 ing me off my balance, while somehow I got some shrapnel in my leg. I guess I have been born to be hanged. All 
 my headquarters ofl!icers had been killed or wounded, except Weller. I had .Joyce Kilmer, who is a sergeant, and 
 whose poetry you have undoubtedly read, acting as Sergeant Major, my own Sergeant Major having been wounded. 
 Kilmer got a bullet in the head. He was buried beside Ames. 
 
 "I had worked into a position a little to the right rear of the Germans. We were in a very narrow and very dan- 
 gerous salient but we had observation on them. I got on the edge of this wooded knoll with an extension telephone 
 and a map. I had six machine guns, a stokes-mortar and a 37 millimeter. From there I furnished information not 
 only to our own regiment but to those on the left and right. I would use the stokes and the 37m. to strike some of 
 the shell holes where the Germans were hidden and then as they would start to get away we would shoot them up 
 with the machine gun. 
 
 "Relief was effected about 2.30 in the morning. At 3.00 o'clock I lay on the ground and slept a very refreshing 
 sleep until 6.00 o'clock when the Lieutenant Colonel awakened me and announced that the Germans had pulled out 
 and that he was sending forward patrols from the 3d Battalion. I hiked back to the town where my Battalion had 
 been sent and awakened them and then we started out again. We went over the field on which we had fought and 
 while we found our own dead, we found five Germans for every one of us. The Germans kept on retreating and were 
 moving on to the next forest. We took Moreuil, as you have read in the papers before this, without opposition. 
 Then we were relieved by another division. We marched back that night through the old farm we had taken, crossed 
 the stream we had crossed some days before and not a sound from the men. It has its dramatic touch! 
 
 "In eight days of battle, our Division had forced the passage of the Ourcq, taken prisoners from six enemy divisions, 
 met, routed and decimated a crack division of the Prussian Guards, a Bavarian division and one other division and 
 driven back the enemy's line for 16 kilometers. In every day of that fight our battalion had participated. It had 
 never retired; it had gone the farthest and stayed the longest. 
 
 "The Division Commander and the Regimental Commander were good enough to say that it was our Battalion 
 that had cracked the shell and that it was our tenacity in rushing forward and hanging on that had made the day 
 possible. They have been good enough to recommend me for a cross in terms which are too exaggerated." 
 
204 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER LX 
 FIRST AMERICAN ARMY FORMED 
 
 Lieutenant Harold Wertz, the old 74th Regiment Sergeant who had won his commission 
 . at Madison Barracks, took a courageous part in the Soissons onslaught to reduce the Marne 
 -^ salient. He went over the top on July 18th with the First Division, the 18th Regiment 
 forming the point of the attack. His captain was hit by a machine gun bullet before they had 
 proceeded far. Wertz assumed command immediately and led the company for three days through 
 a vigorous and unrelenting offensive. Just before the German salient was finally crushed in, 
 Wertz, while leading his company over a knoll, was struck in the left wrist with a machine gun 
 bullet. He went on for some time until he began to waver from the loss of blood; a non-com- 
 missioned officer took him to the rear. The bullet had entered just above the palm of his hand, 
 followed the bone, and came out on the back of the forearm near the elbow. The wound was 
 received on July 21st. He was in the hospital for more than a month, returning in time for the St. 
 Mihiel drive, but was destined for harder struggles and severer wounds than he had yet experienced. 
 
 Dombrowski, with the 3d Division, got as far as Fismes. About 4 o'clock in the afternoon of 
 July 28th while attacking Fismes, Dombrowski started across a field — a mustard gas shell landed 
 near him. Mustard gas shells make but little noise when exploding. He was heavily gassed, the 
 effect of it taking away his voice for a period of eight days. After spending a little more than a 
 month in a hospital he was returned to his command on September 2d. 
 
 The effect of this American-French offensive of July 18th was to wipe out the Marne salient 
 and put the fear of God into the German heart. The crisis, which the German drive of March 
 21st on the British line and of May 27th toward Paris created, now having been successfully 
 met, plans were again put in operation to establish an American front. Early in August General 
 Foch made known to the military commanders that the Americans were going to try to reduce 
 the St. Mihiel salient which had stood impregnable for four years. 
 
 The First American Army was organized on August 10th under the command of General 
 Pershing. 
 
 "While American units had held different divisional and corps sectors along the Western Front, 
 there had not been up to this time, for obvious reasons," said General Pershing, "a. distinct Amer- 
 ican sector; but, in view of the important parts the American forces were now to play, it was 
 necessary to take over a permanent portion of the line. Accordingly, on August 30th, the line 
 beginning at Port sur Seille, east of the Moselle, and extending to the west through St. Mihiel, 
 thence north to a point opposite Verdun, was placed under my command. The American sector 
 was afterwards extended across the Meuse to the western edge of the Argonne Forest, and included 
 the Second Colonial French, which held the point of the saUent, and the Seventeenth French 
 Corps, which occupied the heights above Verdun. 
 
 "The preparation for a complicated operation against the formidable defenses in front of us 
 included the assembling of divisions and of corps and army artillery, transport, aircraft, tanks, 
 ambulances, the location of hospitals, and the molding together of all of the elements of a great 
 modern army with its own railheads, supplied directly by our own service of supply. The concentra- 
 tion for this operation, which was to be a surprise, involved the movement, mostly at night, of ap- 
 proximately 600,000 troops, and required for its success the most careful attention to every detail. 
 
 "The French were generous in giving us assistance in corps and army artillery, with its per- 
 sonnel, and we were confident from the start of our superiority over the enemy in guns of all 
 calibres. Our heavy guns were able to reach Metz and to interfere seriously with German rail 
 movements. The French Independent Air Force was placed under my command which, together 
 with the British bombing squadrons and our air forces, gave us the largest assembly of aviation 
 that had ever been engaged in one operation on the Western Front. " 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 205 
 
 CHAPTER LXI 
 GIRLS AT CANTEENS CARRY ON THROUGH THE HOT SUMMER 
 
 DORIS Kellogg and the other Buffalo girls working in canteens in France during the months 
 of June, July and August were engaged in hard, nerve-racking work. Caring for thousands 
 of soldiers who passed along the line of communication was no easy task for those girls. 
 The physical hardships, long hours, heavy trays, and unending service sapped their strength. 
 However, they never faltered. 
 
 From early in June, through the hot days of July and August, the roads were blocked with 
 soldiers going back and forth from the front lines; new men arriving, the wounded ones on their 
 way back to the hospitals. Writing from Chantilly where Miss Kellogg was stationed, she stated 
 that one of the saddest things in the world to her was the daily trip they took to the funerals 
 of the American boys who died in the hospitals there. "I tell you, since I have seen the Star 
 Spangled Banner draping those coffins, the flag has a new meaning to me," she said. 
 
 About June 10th, Miss Kellogg and the other members of her party were detached from the 
 hospital service, where they temporarily filled in, and were detailed to their canteen work at Orry- 
 le-Ville. Writing from Chantilly, where they had their rooms. Miss Kellogg set down in a very 
 attractive way the story of canteen work in France from June to August. 
 
 "The White House, Chantilly, France, June 19, 1918. 
 
 "At last I have seen the 'terrible Boche,' — seven hundred prisoners just went through Chantilly, fresh from the 
 front. Oh, let me omit that 'fresh,' for they were anything but that, just a worn-out bedraggled bunch of Fritzies. 
 First four hundred of them shuffled past me on the road, and then I followed them till they were halted along the 
 railroad tracks beside the empty freight cars which were to take them South. As I was staring at them with firm 
 mouth, I saw another bunch coming along. I beat it out to the road and saw three hundred more, about ten officers 
 in the first lines. I looked at them pretty closely and found that most of them were quite young boys, many of them 
 very sickly and thin. Of course, they were prisoners and that meant, probably, had been fighting hard these past 
 few days, at any rate were pretty tired, but even so, I think them a much less formidable bunch than the French, 
 and, of course, a thousand times less fit than our boys. 
 
 "I really tried quite hard to get up some feeling of hate toward those 'terrorizing Huns,' but I simply could not 
 manage it. They were so thin-necked and pinched about the eyes. The officers looked a million times better kept 
 than the men. The Fritzies' uniforms are pretty seedy, patched and faded but a marvelous color as far as camouflage 
 goes, grey-green that quite melts into the landscape, and steel helmet the same color, some camouflaged, which comes 
 quite down over the ears and protects also the back of the neck. Only a few had their helmets and the others wore 
 those little round caps with a scarlet band. 
 
 "I hear that AHce O'Brian of Buffalo is coming up to the canteen next door to us as Directrice. It will be quite 
 nice to see someone from Buffalo. I saw Sheldon Hodge one day out at some American Field Day Sports." 
 
 "June 25th. 
 
 "Now the work is coming so fast and furiously. Every day new experiences lived through. We are running two 
 canteens and that makes us have to double up on our work — so you can imagine how we have to scurry. But work 
 certainly agrees with me and I am in fine health,— and not losing weight— alack-a-day! 
 
 "We were asked to take over the canteen at Serveilliers, the next railroad stop from Orry, where the soldiers are 
 taken care of on their way home from the Front." 
 
 (From then on the work each day was very much the same, plenty to do ; thousands of French 
 soldiers were fed and refreshed as they marched through.) 
 
 "July 15th. 
 
 "Last night the Huns flew over us on their way to Paris and the Creil defense guns shook our house. Al and I 
 went down to the cave like the sensible girls we are. My, but it was a brilliant night, clear moon and many stars, 
 and all about 'eclat' bursting in the sky. You have no idea of the different feeling in the atmosphere now, as com- 
 pared with that during the last offensive. Then every one was grim and apprehensive, but now the morale has shot 
 up like a rocket and we all expect fine things to come. There is a suppressed excitement like electricity in the air. ' ' 
 
 "July 19th. 
 "As we drove into Chantilly this evening in our camion, we saw lined up in front of the station masses and masses 
 of German prisoners. We were ready to scream with joy. There were fifteen hundred of them and all taken by our 
 
206 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Rheims, France, April 5, 1919 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 207 
 
 boys at Soissons to-day. It is too wonderful. I stood so near them as they marched past that they bumped into me 
 time after time. I must tell you that those Huns were the most encouraging sight I've seen since I've been in France. 
 No exaggeration, they are a terribly mangy-looking crowd — poor uniforms to begin with, pieced and worn, and then 
 they are very young and have a decidedly under-nourished look, thin and very poor color. There were two captains 
 and many lieutenants, and quite a bunch of them were wounded. 
 
 "But to-night was the most unforgetable experience of them all. The wounded are pouring in here by scores and 
 we heard that they needed food over at the huge tent evacuation hospital and that there were many Americans there. 
 So after dinner we got our camion, loaded it with a crate of tobacco, hot chocolate, bread and eggs, and Al ran us 
 over. I cannot begin to express the condition of things in those tents. They are swamped with wounded and with- 
 out hope of doing anything for the men except what is utterly essential. There, lying about in the grass, were the 
 wounded Germans, blood-caked and exhausted; some of the worst cases were given a tent and I watched them going 
 in, helping each other as well as they could. One boy was crawling and dragging one leg^It was too pitiful and I 
 had to give him an encouraging smile. He appreciated that and smiled back so gratefully. We gave some cigarettes 
 to one old Red Cross Fritzie who, we were told by an American had given first aid to twelve of our wounded boys 
 on the battlefield. 
 
 "Then we took off our coats and pitched in. I gave water to men who were writhing in pain, fed men who had not 
 eaten for two and three days and tried my best to make the poor devils a little bit comfortable on their stretchers 
 that will be their beds for a day or so more probably. I went from gaunt, sunken-eyed Frenchmen to our own open- 
 faced Americans. The French with their exquisite appreciation thanked me so beautifully and our boys smiled 
 and said, 'She's an American all right.' But most of them could not rally enough to even think, and after giving them 
 some water we just let them rest. The most heart-rending time of all is when you have to refuse a boy a drink on 
 account of the location of his wound. It makes your heart ache as though it were being torn out. Then it got 
 dark, and in the dim electric light those long rows of suffering soldiers were awful. As we came out to the auto, the 
 ambulances were still piling in, and the full moon gave enough light to help along the work of unloading. 
 
 "One more thing before I go to sleep. They say we are two and a half miles from Soissons and that it must fall." 
 
 "Chantilly, July 25th. 
 
 "You know it's the saddest thing in the world. Every morning now some of us take time off to go to the funerals 
 of our boys who die here in the hospitals. We follow the hearses a long way through the forest road to a new ceme- 
 tery that has been cleared this last week. You can imagine the impressiveness of it all, so simple, with no unnecessary 
 flourishes. I tell you, since I've seen our Star Spangled Banner draping those coffins the flag has had a new meaning 
 to me. 
 
 "Yesterday I wrote letters for our boys who couldn't manage it themselves. I had the funniest time trying to 
 get them to tell me what to say. They'd say, 'Well, you just go ahead and write just like you was writin' home.' 
 
 "So I'd exercise my imagination a bit, and then when I got to the end I'd say, 'Now how shall I end it?' No 
 suggestions forthcoming. 
 
 "Well, shall I say 'with love?' I asked one big fellow to whose mother and father I was writing. He simply roared 
 at that, and, stretching in an embarrassed way, said, 'This ain't no love letter. No, just say, "I remain your son, 
 •Jeremiah.'" 
 
 "Having learned a lesson in correspondence from the above mentioned Jeremiah, I repeat in his words, only alter- 
 ing the word 'son', I remain your daughter — Doris." 
 
 July, 30th. 
 
 "My, but it was interesting yesterday here in Chantilly, long lines of squirming, straining tanks passed 
 through town at different intervals all day. They were coming from the Front where they have been fighting with our 
 Marines at Chateau Thierry and were the raciest looking things in the world, covered with mud and dust and so 
 cleverly camouflaged and with wicked-looking guns sticking out of their turrets. I think I have had a slight change 
 of heart since yesterday, and from now on these marvelous tankers are my matinee idols. They are really snappier 
 than the aviators, though one really should not compare them, they are so different. The ace is always perfectly 
 'soigner' (well groomed), and goodness knows attractive enough, but your tanker is a dashing, a devil-may-care fellow, 
 in black baret (tam), black leather coat and a long knife stuck through his belt. I couldn't help but think of them as 
 pirates of the land, in their rolling, heaving tanks. We handed each fellow a package of cigarettes as he passed. It 
 was like feeding animals; a hand would be thrust out of the small opening in the front of the tank where the driver 
 sits, grab the smokes, and then be drawn quickly in again. In front of each machine stalked the gunner, too snappy 
 for anything, with knife in belt, and a long, easy stride. Really it was a great sight." 
 
 Through the long Summer the girls worked hard at that canteen, but in October they were 
 to be given a furlough for rest. Just before leaving Miss Kellogg wrote: 
 
 "From serving meals to six hundred Poilus every day at noon time, we have now jumped up to twelve and thir- 
 teen hundred, and I can tell you it means some exertion on the part of 'ces dames.' All this eating goes on within 
 about four hours. Yesterday I was 'tray slinger' and passed over eleven hundred meals from the serving table to 
 the counter in three hours and a half. I have to admit that last night after I got to bed I was so tired and I ached 
 
208 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 so that I couldn't go to sleep till dear old Al rubbed all the knots out of my muscles. But 'I should worry,' for I 
 succeeded in buying five 'Gott Mit Uns' belts to bring home to anyone who wants them. Kell is to have one to wear 
 with his white flannels — they are awfully 'swanky!' (the last is our latest expression, acquired from our two Aus- 
 tralian co-workers). We get the Poilus here on their way home from the Front, and they have lots of Boche trophies 
 which, as luck and military law will have it, the men are not allowed to take home with them. One of the girls got 
 a short bayonet with a saw edge; it seems that the Hun uses his spare time in the trenches to hack teeth in the 
 blade. It must be quite satisfying, this self-expression of his artistic nature." 
 
 While the Meuse-Argonne offensive was in progress a number of American canteen workers were 
 moved into territory adjacent to the American sector. Miss Kellogg had been chosen for work 
 with the American forces, and late in October received a furlough of ten days, before taking up 
 the new post. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 209 
 
 CHAPTER LXII 
 GERMANY'S DEAD MARK TRAIL OF AMERICAN ADVANCE 
 
 THROUGH the rigid censorship during America's heavy fighting months but little intelligent 
 news trickled. We grew into a habit of reading hurriedly and doubting what we read. The 
 war cables refused to be more definite than "some unit" of daring Americans, "some time" 
 on the preceding day or week, "somewhere in France" accomplished something. Newspaper 
 stories carried the reader to an interesting point in a narrative and then appeared the word "de- 
 leted," and we tried to guess what in reality had happened. We knew Don Martin, New York 
 Herald correspondent and knew he would be close to the real situation, and we knew further 
 that what he set down for perusal would be as accurate as human eyes could see it and human 
 hands could write it, and as complete as the censorship would permit. We finally felt convinced 
 
 that American boys were succeed- 
 ing; that Chateau Thierry and Bel- 
 leau Wood had become monuments 
 to the valor of the American ma- 
 rines, and that it was being impres- 
 sively demonstrated to the edifica- 
 tion of the Prussian war party that 
 a new force had come into the war 
 whose fighting spirit, at least, was 
 not to be denied. We received ac- 
 counts of new American successes 
 as over the top the doughboys went, 
 but nothing came through of Amer- 
 ican losses or defeats. We did not 
 realize until months later there had 
 been no American defeats, but we 
 gradually began to hear of losses. 
 In August, 1918, Don Martin, writing to his daughter, told rather briefly, but clearly, the 
 situation as it then existed. It was the first real intimate estimate of the American achieve- 
 ments anyone in Buffalo had received, and it thrilled those who were fortunate enough to read 
 the letter. He wrote: 
 
 "Dorothy: "Meaux, August 4, 1918. 
 
 "I suppose you are in Chautauqua or Dahm's Beach or some pleasant place by this time. I trust such is the case. 
 I wish I were with you. It is quite easy to get enough of this war — to get 'fed up' on it as the saying goes. 
 
 "The war is going along pretty well just now for the Allies. We were all surprised at the extent of the German 
 retreat and the vigor of the Allied attack. The great importance of the present situation is, not the territory regained, 
 but the placing of the Germans on the defensive. Now the Allies have the initiative. The Germans must be guessing 
 all the time at the next move. It has always been the other way, General Foch's and General Petain's skill as strate- 
 gists, backed by the American troops, made the Allied offensive possible. The German has now been outgeneraled 
 and outfought. The French did the outgeneraling; the Americans most strikingly did the outfighting. 
 
 "The Americans are by far the most wonderful fighters in Europe. No exception need be made. They are all 
 young men who don't know what it means to turn back. They may be reckless. We may suffer heavy losses because 
 of the impetuosity of the Americans; but it is that 'get there or die' spirit and the utter lack of fear, which has 
 temporarily stunned the Germans and which will win the war. Europe never saw fighting such as the Americans 
 are putting up. Perhaps Napoleon's Old Guard was good, but certainly no better, than the Americans. Now Germany 
 stands no more chance of winning the war than I do of being President of France. Her teeth have been pulled. On 
 the defensive she can fight for years, if necessary, and fight a desperate war, but the crest of her wave has been passed. 
 She is bound to slip, slip, slip until she is defeated. And America has made it possible! 
 
 ' 'We have a vast army here now and a vast army ready to fight. Along the roads in a part of the front now there 
 are more Americans to be seen than anything else. I ask many of them where they are from. One says ' Alabama,' 
 
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 i^' 
 
 ." ..v^-^^^ 
 
 , *■ »•• 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 i^ 
 
 
 miri 
 
 ^X;:iJ^^.^^''' 
 
 ^;. 
 
 *«• 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■"■/». 
 
 'Hi 
 
 
 
 C 
 
 
 • 
 
 German Skeleton With Gas Mask on Chest Found 
 on Battlefield 
 
210 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 one 'Arizona,' 'Missouri,' 'Michigan,' 'Florida,' 'New York,' 'Ohio,' 'Wyoming' — or they come from every State 
 and all look alike somehow. 
 
 "Yesterday afternoon, on a hill overlooking the town of Cierges, I saw 56 Americans buried in a big grave. Strangely 
 enough a German clergyman from Milwaukee, conducted the ceremony. Of course, he is an American, and, I judge 
 from what he said, a very good one. These men were killed by machine-gun bullets while capturing a woods where 
 the Germans were strongly entrenched. I wrote quite a story about the fight for the woods. On the field adjoining 
 I saw dead Huns all over; in the woods there are scores of them. Around a little farm of ten acres, known as Bellevue 
 Farm, I counted 72 dead Germans in a trench and could have counted more than a hundred in a quarry nearby, if 
 I had cared to do so. I was there the day after the battle occurred. The farm house was banged all to pieces but 
 the old couple (I mentioned them in a story I wrote last night), were back trying to do something with the ruin. I 
 could not help but feel that it is a fine thing to have someone come in and use your house and farm for a battlefield. 
 I went along the entire wake of the retreating Germans; saw the fires at night, caused by burning ammunition dumps, 
 and heard the constant booming of our guns which were dropping shells on the roads over which the fleeing Germans 
 were going. The scene along these roads is not a pleasant one. 
 
 "I hope the people at home are reconciled to the fact that the United States will pay a heavy price in lives to win 
 the war. It can't be helped. It seems a terrible thing, but the blame must be put on Germany. And how the Ameri- 
 cans hate the Germans! The spirit runs all through the army. The Germans are tricky and unfair, as the newspapers 
 have told you. The men at machine guns keep shooting at the enemy until they see they are bound to be captured, 
 when they put up their hands and cry 'Kamarad,' meaning they want to surrender. One man with a machine gun 
 can kill or wound from 200 to 1,000 soldiers and the theory of the Americans is that a German who has done every- 
 thing he could to murder and then asks for mercy should be treated with a bayonet or a rifle bullet — and that is 
 precisely what happens. The Americans, however, never disregard the cry of 'Kamarad' when the soldiers give up 
 in an honorable way. The truth of the whole situation is the Germans have found a foe that can lick them every 
 time they meet, and Germany is worried." 
 
 ^^imit^M 
 
 ^SMkcm^dA 
 
 ?^:»f^<^ 
 
 >-->¥3?7- 
 
 
 An American Marine Receiving Instructions from a French Blue Devil 
 in the Value of Individual Concealment 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 211 
 
 CHAPTER LXIII 
 108th infantry ENTERS FRONT LINE AT MOUNT KEMMEL 
 
 DURING the period the American Army was engaged in crushing the Marne SaHent, and 
 before the 77th Division began to fight its way through the valley of the Vesle, Buffalo's 
 National Guardsmen, the old 74th, co-operating with the British, were holding the line 
 before Kemmel Hill. Most of their time through the months of July and August was spent on 
 that front, the Buffalo boys being located in what is generally known as the Dickebush Swamp. 
 They were in a low land and in a position where they could not inflict much damage on the enemy 
 being subject themselves, however, to shelhng and raiding parties. They left the Mt. Kemmel 
 front on the 31st of August. The period of time beginning with their landing in France until 
 they pulled out on that hot summer's day, forms a rather interesting chapter in the history of 
 their career. 
 
 The 108th Infantry arrived at Brest in the Spring of 1918 on two separate convoys. Those 
 arriving in the first convoy were Headquarters and the First Battalion, stepping foot on French 
 soil on May 24th, while the detachments consisting of the Second and Third Battalions dis- 
 embarked on May 31st. The first named contingent was camped at Fort Bougon on the out- 
 skirts of Brest, while the latter was quartered at Pontenezen Barracks, between two and three 
 miles from the City. The latter place is of particular interest historically as it was at one time 
 a barracks and training headquarters for the Armies of Napoleon. The barracks proper were 
 surrounded by an old stone wall enclosing stone buildings of considerable age. These were being 
 used at the time for much the same purpose as they had been in the past, such as quarters for 
 troops, warehouses, jails or guardhouses, hospitals, commandant's headquarters and officers' 
 quarters. The accommodations were much too small to care for incoming American troops. For 
 
212 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 213 
 
 this reason various fields for many miles on each side had been taken over for camp sites, while 
 others were used simply for bivouac shelter tent camps. 
 
 Fortunately the weather was continuously fair and warm so that privations which would have 
 loomed large under other circumstances were lost sight of in the novelty experienced by newly 
 arrived troops. The change from a regular and fairly abundant ship's mess to that supplied by 
 entirely inadequate issue from the camp commissary was very noticeable. To add to the difficulty 
 most of the units were at once put to work on the docks to aid, in conjunction with negro troops, 
 unloading freight from the transports, which work was kept up during 24 hour shifts and should 
 have been backed up with hearty, well-cooked meals. Still, in spite of those drawbacks, work was 
 carried on with great cheerfulness on the part of the men. 
 
 After about a week of that duty which served well in losing their sea-legs, and once more teach- 
 ing them to shift for themselves, they entrained by battalions and similar units for a three day 
 train trip, destination, of course, unknown. Later developments proved that they were on 
 their way to the Abbeville area to join the British forces with which they were to be affiliated. 
 
 It was on that trip the men first used that antiquated and battle-scarred side-door "Pullman," 
 henceforth to be known to the doughboy as "40 Hommes, 8 Chevaux. " In those carriages, 
 scarcely larger than a piano box, were crowded thirty-two men plus their equipment and rations, 
 and although subjected on that and future movements to considerable scorn and ridicule, that 
 means of transportation served its purpose throughout their continental travelling experience. 
 This first ride took them to Noyelles, north of the Somme, a place used by the British for han- 
 dling troops sent into the Abbeville area for training. 
 
 The train schedules were apparently so arranged as to bring all arrivals to Noyelles in the morn- 
 ing to allow time for detraining, messing and turning in surplus equipment preparatory to march- 
 ing into billets in the Abbeville area. Their arrival at Noyelles marked the time at which they were 
 supposed to leave behind the customs and traditions of the U. S. Army in which they had been 
 so carefully brought up, in order that they might study and adapt themselves to those of our 
 Allies the British, with whom their lot had been cast for the duration of the war. It was there- 
 fore with a chip on their shoulder they climbed out and organized their forces under the super- 
 vision of British officials. A 48-hour train trip with meager fare and sleepless nights added nothing 
 to the frame of mind with which they met their future comrades-in-arms. 
 
 They were hurried by detachments for mess to an unusually dirty area, set aside for feeding 
 detraining troops and at that point received their initiation into the mysteries of the British issue. 
 It consisted of two hard-tack, one-half cup of tea and one-fourth tin of " bully-beef " per man. 
 Poor fare after the famine of a three-day train trip. After messing was finished the troops were 
 distributed by units in surrounding fields and relieved of all surplus articles so that ultimately 
 each soldier carried away what later proved to be the regular fighting equipment of Ameri- 
 can soldiers with the British Army. The surplus property was stacked in piles, each of its 
 kind, blankets, shoes, blouses, breeches, underwear, etc. These were quickly made into bundles 
 and reloaded on the cars under constant attention of a swarm of civiHans and British " Tommies. " 
 
 After going through the preliminaries of reduction in weight, packs were made and troops 
 formed for a march to Nouvion — their camp site for the night. This camp was located on a bare 
 slope about three miles from Noyelles and was in the form of conical tents thoroughly camouflaged. 
 They were again rationed by the British, having received neither equipment nor supplies of their 
 own. At that point the shortage of water began to make itself felt, but little did they realize 
 how much greater would be the scarcity in days to come. Before taps, troops were formed and 
 sectors designated into which they were to deploy in case of air-raids. Fortunately they were 
 not subjected to attack and had the first full night's sleep since leaving Brest. 
 
 From Nouvion the regiment marched to its billeting area. Headquarters and the Third Battalion 
 being at Canchy a distance of about five miles, while the Second and First were at Domvast 
 and Froyelles respectively. The Division, less artillery, eventually reached this area with Head- 
 quarters at St. Riquier and under the Commanding General of the Fourth British Army who 
 
214 
 
 Buffalo's Paet in the World War 
 
 assigned to them a "Cadre," meaning corps of British instructors, both officers and N. C. O's. 
 Judging from later experiences that billeting area would be called fair, but to green troops straight 
 from well-regulated camps in the States, it was a great source of disappointment to take up liv- 
 ing quarters in French barns, lofts and chicken-coops. 
 
 The water supply of northern France was dangerous and scanty. A corps of chemists and 
 inspectors had to establish the status of all wells and sources of supply before troops could 
 use the water. Carts provided for hauling water were handled by men trained for the work and all 
 water received a proper sterilizing treatment. Bathing, washing and delousing facilities com- 
 mensurate with the fuel and water supply were diligently and ingeniously operated. Cases were 
 observed where water supply was so short that it was necessary to save waste water, treat it 
 chemically, settle it, and use it over again. 
 
 Some Buffalo Officers, 108th Infantry 
 
 After they had been in the Abbeville area for about ten days and training had been well es- 
 tablished it was decided to move the division to the St. Valery area just south of the Somme. 
 Pursuant to orders the regiment marched on June 18th, a distance of some 21 miles. The march 
 was extremely difficult owing to the distance and the fact that no opportunity had been given 
 to harden the men since leaving home. The weather was hot and, as the wearing of blouses 
 was insisted on, there was a tremendous amount of straggling on account of exhaustion and blis- 
 tered feet. French roads are very hard and this trip stands out in memory of most of the old 
 74th men as by far the most difficult of even their forced marches into the line. 
 
 On Sunday June 20th they had their first day of rest since leaving the boat a month before. 
 A game of ball was arranged with the 3d Canadian Divisional Signal Company. Officers and 
 men found many acquaintances in the troops from home and much of the vin sisters (blanc and 
 rouge) was consumed to the health of our Canadian cousins — a fine lot of fighting men. 
 
 Owing to the conditions on the Ypres front the 108th was moved on July 2d, to the vicinity 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 215 
 
 of St. Omar about 25 miles east of Calais. This trip carried them via St. Pol very close to the 
 lines and through the first really devastated country they had seen. 
 
 By the night of July 3d the regiment was again thoroughly established. On July 4th a review 
 of the 54th Brigade was conducted by the Commanding General P. E. Pierce. The afternoon 
 was devoted to band concerts, boxing and wrestling matches, until the spectators were scattered 
 by a fleet of Jerry planes. 
 
 At 8 o'clock on the morning of the 5th the regiment marched on Zermezeele. Later events proved 
 that this was the first day of its march into Belgium. That night it bivouacked in the vicinity 
 of Zermezeele ten miles from the Belgian frontier and due west of Ypres. The 6th was spent in 
 resting and washing up. On the 7th the march was continued via Cassel and Steenvoords when 
 in the early afternoon the men crossed the Belgian frontier and earned the distinction of being the 
 first American troops to enter Belgium. In this, the St. Eloi area, regimental headquarters was in an 
 abandoned British aerodrome near Abeele while the 1st, 2d and 3d battalions were at Beauvoords 
 Woods, St. Eloi and Trappist Farm respectively. Very few billets were available, making a bivouac 
 camp necessary, which was bad owing to the fact that the weather which for nearly two months 
 had been ideal for campaigning, suddenly changed to a series of thunder storms with much rain. 
 
 The 2d American Corps, comprising the 27th and 30th Divisions, was attached to the 19th 
 Corps of the 2d British Army under General Plumer. About July 7th the Americans found 
 themselves established west of Ypres with Division headquarters at Oudezeele and Watou 
 respectively. They had been moved into that area in anticipation of a big German push on the 
 Ypres sector, the enemy intention supposedly being to break through the British lines to the 
 sea, Calais on the Channel being only 40 miles from the Boche lines. 
 
 For defensive purposes the 27th Division was given a certain sector of the East Poperinghe 
 Line which was a switch line constructed in support of the Scherpenberg-Dickebush system 
 which latter was the main line of defense at that time. Incidentally, a portion of it covered a 
 section of the famous Kemmel Hill held by the Hun. 
 
 The 108th sector of the East Poperinghe line was about 6,000 yards front, extending that dis- 
 tance south from the southern edge of the town of Poperinghe. The regiment was disposed with 
 the 3d battalion on the left and the 2d in the center and the first on the right. The proper dis- 
 positions were made by personal reconnaissance of officers from all units. Various headquarters, 
 ammunition and supply dumps, signal centers, telephone cables, routes for troops and separate 
 routes for transport were all laid out by small carefully conducted parties. Machine gun nests and 
 strong points were also planned. During the progress of that work the billeting area was also 
 subjected to periodical shelling and air raids both day and night. They were being constantly 
 warned by the British of an impending push by the enemy which was expected about July 18th. 
 Other units of the division had not yet come up so that the 108th was to hold the position at 
 all costs even if they were wiped out in doing so. They were thus in a most critical position. 
 
 The 2d Battalion had sent two companies into the East Poperinghe line on July 19th, occupy- 
 ing the line for several days. On July 23d, Company F had two men killed in action by the explo- 
 sion of an enemy shell — Corporal Morris Lynchick and Private Grant C. Colton. These were the 
 first casualties which the regiment had experienced in action. The battaUon joined the regi- 
 ment in the Tilques area on July 25th. 
 
 The regiment was in the Tilques training area for eight days during which time intensive 
 instruction was given in target practice as well as all the specialties before mentioned. Further 
 supplies were issued here so that altogether when the regiment left for the St. Eloi area on 
 August 1st it felt ready for any emergency that might arise. 
 
 Front line duty in that sector was almost a typical example of position warfare as developed 
 during four years. There was no general advance on the lines but numerous small raids 
 and counter attacks, together with artillery counter preparation and gas shelling, which kept 
 them very busy. They also did a great deal of trench digging and wire work, the latter along 
 the front line which was a series of organized shell holes held thinly by Lewis guns and rifle 
 
216 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 posts. The casualties* were fairly light during the action but as the men were experiencing the 
 front line "baptism of fire" they weighed rather heavily. However, the morale was superb, 
 so that after the last unit was relieved and had had a few days rest the men felt like veterans 
 and were again ready for duty. 
 
 The lOSth's next move into the line came on August 23d just four days after the last battalion 
 was out of the previous action. At this time the 27th Division relieved the British 6th Division 
 in the Scherpenberg-Dickebush Lake system. The 53d Brigade was disposed in the front and 
 support lines of the divisional sector while the 54th Brigade was in reserve, the 108th Infantry 
 being on the left of the reserve sector. Regimental headquarters were then just south of the town 
 of Poperinghe. The 1st and 2d battalions were in the vicinity of Ouderloom, backing up the 
 106th Infantry, while the 3d battahon was further west near Mandalay Corners. 
 
 For the next few days their duties in the reserve were chiefly maintaining liaison with forward 
 units, sending out scouting parties, mapping and reorganizing their position. They were inter- 
 mittently subjected to all kinds of artillery fire which was directed by the enemy against battery 
 positions and roads. Air activity was considerable and resulted in severe casualties in Company I, 
 
 The strain of enduring shell fire in reserve areas and waiting for something to happen far for- 
 ward was very wearing so that when the news came on August 28th that the Boche were evacuat- 
 ing Mt. Kemmel and falling back all along the line it was received with much relief. Word was 
 received to be ready to move forward at a moment's notice and they remained ready for twelve 
 hours but no order came. 
 
 In the meantime the 53d Brigade advanced, suffering severe losses from machine gun nests 
 which had been left by the enemy for rear guard action. They continued their advance, however, 
 to Vierstraat Ridge which they held until the Division was relieved by the British on August 
 31st. They moved out of the line at that time and concentrated around Winnezeele preparatory 
 to entraining for a rest area near Doullens. Casualties suffered by the regiment during the cam- 
 paign in Belgium were as follows : 
 
 Killed— 10 Wounded— 56 Missing— 4 
 
 It has been well established through official channels that the British were ready to leave 
 the Mt. Kemmel front on a moment's notice of attack at the time the two American divisions 
 arrived. The big German attack was expected there at that time, and the British officers were frank 
 in saying they did not expect to be able to stop it; they expressed an eager willingness to turn the 
 job over to the Americans. The latter proposed to let Fritz know he had been to the circus. That 
 German attack was never made. Fritz was then in trouble on the Marne. The incident simply went 
 to show how shaken was the confidence and how low the morale of the British Army in that sector 
 when the Buffalo boys and their associates in the 27th Division entered the Mount Kemmel front. 
 
 The 27th Division was relieved on September 3d and went into reserve at Beauquesne near 
 Amiens, preparatory to participating in the drive by which General Foch contemplated breaking 
 the German fine of suppHes between Valenciennes and Metz, and obtaining control of the Sedan- 
 Mezieres railroad. In that effort the Americans were affiliated with the British Fourth Army 
 under General Rawlinson, and, best of all, were to co-operate with the Australian troops between 
 whom and the Americans a very strong attachment had sprung up. The men understood they 
 were to make a drive on the famous Hindenburg line where on three distinct occasions the 
 British had been repulsed. 
 
 Arriving in Doullens from their rest area the 108th Regiment assembled at a place called 
 Tincourt, a small woods located in what was known as the Somme area at a point back of the 
 Hindenburg line between Cambria and St. Quentin. 
 
 * The third man of the 108th to meet death was Corporal James Carney, the first Buffalo man of the regiment to be killed.' While on duty in 
 Belgium on August 13th, a shell struck the point of Corporal Carney's gun, filling him with shrapnel. He died instantly. Private Fred Hall of 
 Batavia was badly wounded by the same shell. Another Buffalo man of the lOSth to give his life while the regiment was in the Dickebush sector 
 was Corporal W. H. Davidson. He had just been selected as a Gas N. C. O. and had been up in the front line for instruction. Coming out of the 
 line he received a bullet through the chest and was dead when picked up by first aid men. 
 
 While the regiment was still in Belgium, in the reserve line, a Hun night bombing plane dropped 'an egg' on a billet and wounded thirteen 
 members of I Company. Sergeant Souter was killed instantly; Charles W. Hoadley, a Bradford boy was also killed, and Corporal Wagner severely 
 wounded. — Captain E. G. Ziegler. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 217 
 
 CHAPTER LXIV 
 77th division IN THE HELL HOLE VALLEY OF THE VESLE 
 
 IT will be recalled that General Pershing in concluding his report on the breaking of the German 
 Marne salient said, "the 77th Division took up a position on the Vesle. " That statement 
 is interesting, and important perhaps, only in that it was the official announcement of the 
 arrival of the first National Army division on the fighting front. First in France, first to hold a 
 front line position, and now, first among the selective service men to enter the battle line is some- 
 thing of a distinction which that Division of Buffalo boys and their comrades from other sections 
 of the State will long enjoy. 
 
 Beginning on the night of August 1st the 37th Division, composed of former Ohio national 
 guardsmen, moved up to the Baccarat front to relieve the 77th Division. When the 77th had 
 relieved the 42d at Baccarat it was green, frightfully green; American military men knew it, 
 the 77th knew it, and the Germans knew it. It was a much improved outfit, however, when the 
 Ohio men came up for front line training, and the 77th was withdrawn for front line action. But 
 five Buffalo boys, so far as now known, were in the Ohio Division which moved up to that Lor- 
 raine sector on August First. One was Charles Freuh, who had been rejected by the doctors in 
 Buffalo, but who persistently sought enlistment and finally was accepted by the physicians in 
 Cleveland, enlisting in the " Cleveland Greys;" another was Victor Sweeney, of 95 Eastwood 
 Place, a student of Case College in Cleveland who enlisted in the Ohio National Guard at the 
 outbreak of the war; Irving H. Johnson, 147th Infantry and two Greek boys, William Huroodas, 
 148th Infantry, and Speur Sardales, 147th Infantry. Two of these boys were severely injured 
 before the close of the war, the first named passing through a tragic experience. 
 
 When the 37th Division arrived at Baccarat and the 77th was leaving, the 302d Engineers 
 were the first to move out. They proceeded by march to the neighborhood of Bayon, where 
 they were joined by the artillery. The infantry hiked to Charmes. On August 6th they entrained 
 but were unaware of their destination. Their train ride lasted for two days and they soon became 
 aware of the fact that they were going into the neighborhood of real battle. The Engineers and 
 the Artillery detrained at Coulommieres. Here they found busses waiting. They were carried 
 through the ruin and wreckage of the Marne battlefield over which the Americans had just driven 
 the retreating Huns. Death stared at them from every ditch. Snipers, dead in their lofty tree- 
 top posts, swung in the wind; destroyed buildings, the scattered bodies of animals, torn with 
 shells, all gave them a never-to-be-forgotten introduction to a real battle area. The bus ride 
 carried them through Chateau Thierry and Fere-en-Tardenois to Nesle Wood, near Seringes. 
 They joined the infantry at Fere-en-Tardenois, and then relieved the tired and battle- worn 4th 
 American and 52d French divisions. The relief was effected on the night of August 11th, in the 
 "Hell-Hole Valley of the Vesle," where the advance in the second battle of the Marne had been 
 halted. 
 
 The 77th was given no time to be shown around and get acquainted with its new premises; the 
 old tenants pulled out and the new moved in. The 28th Pennsylvania guardsmen had relieved 
 the 32d Division on the right of the 77th, and a French Division was on the left. Opposing the 
 77th were the German 17th, 39th and 216th Divisions and the Fourth Guard Division. While 
 the Germans had been pushed out of the Marne salient, nothing was wrong with their morale at 
 that time, and military men, generally, conceded the Germans had not given way much. The 
 moral effect at home of their failure to go through was the most serious blow they had suffered. 
 The worst was yet to come. 
 
 The entire 77th Division was in position by the 17th of August, the artillery being the last 
 to come up, and for three weeks stood a rather severe siege. They found themselves buried in 
 the hottest kind of a hole. The Engineers, 302d Regiment, worked heroically night after night 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 219 
 
 repairing the bridges over the Vesle under heavy shell and machine gun fire. They constructed 
 wire defenses for their positions, constructed many artillery and foot bridges, repaired and cam- 
 ouflaged roads. Here the first Buffalo man in the 302d Engineers to die. Private Wallace Parmenter, 
 was killed while at work on a bridge. 
 
 Two other Buffalo boys of the 302d Engineers were killed at that point, "It was a bright 
 Sunday morning about 8 o'clock, when 'Fritz' started to shell us, "said William Sweetland of 
 Angola. " It was breakfast time and some of those who had been out on detail the night before 
 had not yet got up. I was just going down with my mess kit when I heard a shell coming. I 
 flopped flat on the ground for I could tell by the sound it was going to land pretty close. They 
 have the sound of a sky rocket when they 'go off.' It landed and threw dirt all over us. The 
 second landed right in front of my comrade's bunk. Then I heard the cry for first aid. 
 
 "When the smoke cleared away three were dead and two of them were Buffalo boys, George 
 Kreutzer and Gerald Sabin. The shell had killed three and wounded four. Our chaplain could 
 not get there that day and I volunteered to take his place. I held a short service and buried 
 my friends that afternoon." 
 
 Roswell Park, a first lieutenant in the 305th Infantry, of this Division was put out of the war 
 at the time his regiment moved up on the Vesle. He was gassed and shell-shocked on August 
 14th, and was never returned to his company. Lieutenant Park, in a letter prior to that time, 
 shows how small this old world is anyway. It is injected here rather abruptly, but necessarily, 
 as Park here passes out of the war picture: 
 
 "The middle of June saw me in Paris for eight days where I was fortunate to meet Roscoe 
 R. Mitchell, Arnold Watson, James How, William Meadows and C. W. Goodyear who had just 
 landed for Red Cross work. Also met Mrs. John Knox Freeman who was working with the Ser- 
 bian Mission of the American Red Cross and who was later decorated by the Serbian Govern- 
 ment. Captain Davis T. Dunbar arrived in Paris while I was there, having just been through 
 the famous fight at Belleau Wood. I also met Captain (later Major) John Satterfield. While 
 in the field hospital near Fere-en-Tardenois I met up with a Buffalo operating team composed 
 of Captain (later Major) Joseph P. Brennen and First Lieutenants M'Dowell and Fairbanks. 
 Also met 'Bill' Emerick of the Courier, and it was good to see them." 
 
 It was the dogdays of Summer when the Division arrived on the Vesle, and the 77th were 
 super-heated with all the Germans had to send over. As one Buffalo boy put it "the smaller 
 guns were sending over quart cans of dynamite and the larger ones cook-stoves. 
 
 "Baccarat," he said, "was only a boxing match, but the Vesle, that was a sure-enough fight." 
 
 The Vesle River is only about thirty feet wide at that point, and eight or ten feet in depth 
 at its deepest point. It has high, straight banks, however, and steep ridges on each side. The 
 Germans held the north bank, while the front of the 77th Division ran parallel with the southern, 
 one end touching at Mont Notre Dame and extending east in the direction of Fismes. The artil- 
 lery was behind Hill 210. For three weeks the 77th held that position under artillery fire, suffer- 
 ing many casualties. German patrols crossed the river at frequent intervals and hand-to-hand 
 combats were numerous. 
 
 The 77th, however, was no longer a "green" Division, but was rapidly rounding into a high- 
 class combat organization. Still, it had a severe lesson yet to learn. 
 
 That lesson was taught on the Vesle ! 
 
 The Division leaders, growing restless under the severe strain of simply holding without the 
 incentive of making an advance, decided to capture Bazoches. The 306th Infantry was selected 
 for the job, and the tactical maneuvers were all worked out to perfection. Bazoches rested in 
 a deep pocket on the German side of the Vesle. Hills stretched back from it on three sides. The 
 attack started at 4 .15 A. M. August 27th and at daylight one platoon signaled "objective reached ". 
 Then the Germans began to bomb that platoon on the front and both flanks from their concealed 
 positions on the hills. At 5.25 A. M. the platoon was retiring, the Lieutenant in charge and four 
 men alone getting back. At 10 o'clock. Captain Bull, who was in charge of the raid, decided to 
 
220 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 withdraw from the village. The Division had paid a big price for success and failure, but it had 
 a lesson, which in the short time it had to prepare for the greater struggle to follow, it could 
 probably have acquired in no other way. 
 
 Among those who made the trip across the Vesle into Bazoches on August 27th were Edward 
 P. Morrisey, Arthur Georger, Frank Shultz and about five others of the 302d Engineers. Mor- 
 risey is a son of Battalion Chief Morrisey of the Buffalo Fire Department. With his companion 
 Shultz he was cut off from the infantry platoon in the confusion which followed the opening up 
 of the German guns on the hills. Seeing that the Germans again had possession of the town, 
 Morrisey and Shultz picked up Frank DeBlase, a wounded infantryman, and crawled over to 
 an immense pile of charcoal near the railroad track. They had some food with them. But it did 
 not last long during their self-imprisoned stay. Each night Morrisey would crawl out from their 
 hiding place on a foraging expedition. They intended to fight their way to the river but the 
 wounded man, at the time they found him, was in no shape for a hurried departure. Morrisey 
 determined not to leave without him, though it is probable the two engineers could have made 
 their way back at night through the German lines. Finally, after five days of waiting and with 
 hunger coming on, the infantryman having recovered his strength somewhat, the three men left 
 their hiding place and crawled toward the German sentry. The night was very dark. When 
 they reached the line, they could see two German machine gunners walking back and forth. 
 Morrisey killed the two gunners with a hand grenade, made a dash for the river, swam across, 
 bringing the wounded infantryman safely back into the American lines. For his courage and 
 valor the Buffalo boy was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, and promoted to the post 
 of sergeant. 
 
 On the same night John J. Kelly and John Dwyer of Company E distinguished themselves. 
 Lieutenant Meadman, of their company, had been shot down near the bank of the river. Dwyer 
 and Kelly saw him fall and hurried to his side. While exposed to machine gun and shell fire 
 they carried the injured Lieutenant to headquarters company, but he was dead when they arrived. 
 For their heroic act they received official citation. 
 
 In the party which left with Morrisey for the trip across the river on the eventful night of the 
 26th, were Arthur Georger and John Bastedo of Buffalo and some others of C Company. Corporal 
 Thomas F. Reilly was in charge of the detachment. The little group had a difficult time fighting 
 their way out of the trap into which they had been sent, but they showed an heroic front, and 
 Reilly, with one or two others returned. Young Georger, the popular son of a Genesee Street 
 merchant, was killed while protecting the retreat of the detachment. When Shultz and Mor- 
 risey finally came through, it was thought that possibly Georger was hiding somewhere in the 
 town, but the retreat of the Germans and the advance of the Americans two weeks later showed 
 that Georger had gone down with his rifle in his hand facing the enemy. Several German bodies 
 near the place where Georger was found would indicate that he had collected full toll for the 
 sacrifice he made. Georger was recognized by his tag and gas mask on which he had written 
 his name. 
 
 Another Buffalo boy, Simon H. Risman, Company D, 307th Infantry was wounded the same 
 night but not in that sortie. 
 
 Shortly after the Bazoches episode, Major General George B. Duncan was relieved from the 
 command of the 77th, being replaced by Major General Robert Alexander. The two incidents, 
 perhaps, were in no way identical or related, but the change came at a time when the 77th was 
 "finding itself." From then on, the 77th was a full-fledged combat division of the finest fighting 
 temper and efficiency, equipped for the great task it was about to perform in the drive through 
 the Argonne Forest. 
 
 On September 2d the Germans began to pull out of their position on the Vesle. The First 
 American Army had been formed, and it was known the Americans were to start a major offen- 
 sive. Where it was going to hit, and when, were the unknown factors. Undoubtedly the Germans 
 decided to pull back to a more advantageous point than they then held on the Vesle, retiring to 
 
Buffalo's Pakt in the World War 221 
 
 the Aisne. The 77th followed them rapidly, however, pressing the retreating Boche, and fight- 
 ing a successful engagement with the rear guard detachments at Haute Maisons on September 
 3d. The 77th followed for seven and a half miles, causing appreciable loss to the German forces. 
 
 When the Boche fell back, details of the engineers accompanied the advance infantry, while 
 the remainder worked immediately behind repairing roads, constructing more bridges across the 
 Vesle, de-gassing the numerous caves and rendering harmless the enemy's traps and mines. 
 
 The 77th Division was relieved by an Italian Division on September 15th. The units marched 
 back to the Coulonges-Villers-Agron-Aquizy area. Two days later they again embussed for a 
 long ride to Verrieres, preparatory to taking their place in the Argonne offensive. 
 
 Many members of the Division had been killed, wounded or gassed in the "Hell-Hole Valley 
 of the Vesle." 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 223 
 
 CHAPTER LXV 
 BATTLE OF ST. MIHIEL— DEATH OF CAPTAIN PLATT 
 
 THE St. Mihiel attack after its crashing artillery start became in the judgment of many a 
 promenade. It consisted mostly of preparation and barrage, and yet, returned soldiers have 
 said they experienced rough going at St. Mihiel. Hoping to make it a surprise attack. General 
 Pershing observed the strictest secrecy, concerning his plans, the place and time of attack. Rain 
 fell continuously for several days prior to September 11th, but on that day the skies cleared and 
 from enemy aeroplanes German observers had their eyes filled with a fascinating picture of what 
 was coming to them. American soldiers and artillery were massed on three sides of the salient. 
 There are those who believe the German High Command had decided not to make a stand in 
 that salient, which they held so successfully for three years against every sort of attack. Metz 
 was a much more substantial ground from which to make a resistance. If they had not reached 
 that decision before the barrage, they arrived at it soon after the American barrage began. 
 
 Buffalo's big contingent, represented in the 78th Division, had been selected to take part in 
 the St. Mihiel attack. They opened in support of the Second Division. The 42d, numbering many 
 Buffalo men in its ranks, was in the line and the 153d Artillery Brigade (78th Division) with farmer 
 boys and city chaps from this end of the State well represented, had taken up a position in sup- 
 port of the 90th Division. The Second Division, now numbering upward of 300 boys from 
 Buffalo and surrounding towns in the Marine regiments, was in line by the side of the 90th. In 
 addition to those two divisions, the 82d and the 5th divisions* were also in the First Corps, under 
 the command of Major General Hunter Liggett. The right of this corps rested on Pont-a-Mousson, 
 and the left joined the Third American Corps, containing the 89th, 42d and First divisions. 
 Their line extended to Xivray, and they were to swing in towards Vigneulles for the initial assault. 
 The Second Colonial French Corps was next in line, and then came the Fifth American Corps. 
 The 78th Division, together with the Third Division, was in reserve for the First Corps. The 
 35th and 91st were also in reserve and the 80th and 33d were available. 
 
 The 106th Field Artillery and the 102d Trench Mortar Battery of Buffalo were co-operating 
 with the 33d, and had moved up on September 11th, but did not get into the fighting until the 
 close of the drive. 
 
 When the German aviators hovered over the American lines on that clear September day, the 
 11th, they saw 1700 guns set for a barrage; ammunition had been drawn up in vast quantities! 
 and the American Army was ready to send across the heaviest and mightiest barrage of the war. 
 
 The night of September 11-12 was dark — impenetrably dark — and a soul-seeking rain was fall- 
 ing. At 7 o'clock the men were ordered forward and through the dismal night they' crowded the 
 roads, each seeking his appointed place, the commanders anxiously groping for the right turn in the 
 road. By 12 o'clock all units were in their preliminary positions. The artillery opened the pre- 
 paratory firing at 1 o'clock; at 3 A. M. the heavy barrage opened. To the infantrymen it looked 
 as though they were set in one vast circle of flashing skies and crashing thunder. So well lighted 
 
 *"The 9th Infantry Brigade of the 5th Division regular army, consists of the 60th and 61st regiments of infantry, and the 14th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. In these three units a large portion of the personnel are boys from Buffalo, Lockport, Niagara Falls, and other neighboring towns. 
 
 Last February, 1,500 or more men were transferred from the 78th Division, then at Camp Dix to the 6th Infantry Brigade at Camp Green, 
 N. C. All these men left their homes in the drafts of September, October and November, 1917. 
 
 The 5th Division left the United States April 16, 1918, arriving at Brest, France, April 28th. After arrival we were given three weeks of inten- 
 sive training, when the division was inspected by General Pershing, and designated as a shock division. 
 
 In the Saint Mihiel offensive the division gained fame, going over the top at 5 A. M., September 12th, taking a number of towns and many 
 prisoners. The division was cited in general orders for its great work. We came out of the Saint Mihiel sector about September 17th, for a brief 
 rest and training. — Leller from Private J. F. Kerslen, Buffalo, 61st Infantry, Fifth Division." 
 
 t "I never shall forget the night the big push started at Saint Mihiel. It was the first big American drive that was pulled off by an all-Ameri- 
 can army. Two of us were out with a load of powder charges and we couldn't find the place where it was supposed to be taken. It was as dark 
 as pitch and raining like blazes. Men were swarming up to the trenches. They went over the top at 5 o'clock that morning. We finally unloaded 
 the ammunition where it was wanted. 
 
 "The dugouts were filled with artillerymen who were resting up for the big fracas. The big guns were to start at 1 o'clock and we were warned 
 to get our trucks off the road before that time. We finally got started back, but our truck slid into a ditch. We were out of gas. Suddenly the 
 guns started all together. It was the most fearful noise I have ever heard. The earth seemed to shake. The next afternoon the German prisoners 
 were brought in, in groups of 100 or more. They totaled thousands. Our division, the 78th was given great credit in this drive." — Letter from 
 Private William Lawson, SOSd A. T. (employe Buffalo News). 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 225 
 
 was the field from the blazing powder that they could now easily find their lines. The 1700 guns 
 belched away and the earth rocked. There was no answering shot from the Germans, and the 
 American troops at 5 A. M. walked quietly down behind their barrage, across No Man's Land 
 for a considerable distance, before they met even the slightest resistance. General Pershing in 
 his report on the battle says : 
 
 "After four hours' artillery preparation, the seven American divisions in the front line advanced 
 at 5 A. M., on September 12th, assisted by a limited number of tanks manned partly by Amer- 
 icans and partly by the French. These divisions, accompanied by groups of wire cutters and 
 others armed with bangalore torpedoes, went through the successive bands of barbed wire that 
 protected the enemy's front line and support trenches, in irresistible waves on schedule time, 
 breaking down all defense of an enemy demoralized by the great volume of our artillery fire 
 and our sudden approach out of the fog. 
 
 "Our First Corps advanced to Thiacourt, while our Fourth Corps curved back to the south- 
 west through Nonsard. The second Colonial French Corps made the slight advance required of 
 it on very difficult ground, and the Fifth Corps took its three ridges and repulsed a counter attack. 
 A rapid march brought reserve regiments of a Division of the Fifth Corps into Vigneulles in the 
 early morning, where it linked up with patrols of our Fourth Corps, closing the salient and form- 
 ing a new line west of Thiacourt to Vigneulles and beyond Fresnes-en-Woevre. At the cost of 
 only 7,000 casualties, mostly light, we had taken 16,000 prisoners and 443 guns, a great quantity 
 of material, released the inhabitants of many villages from enemy domination, and established 
 our lines in a position to threaten Metz. This signal success of the American First Army in its 
 first offensive was of prime importance. The Allies found they had a formidable army to aid 
 them, and the enemy learned finally that he had one to reckon with." 
 
 The enemy left the point of the salient under the heavy barrage and quickly sought healthier 
 lines in the rear. Many got through, but the Americans, forcing in from both sides, cut them off 
 by the hundreds, capturing an immense number of men and vast quantities of supplies. The First 
 Division alone, attacking in the Beaumont sector, advanced 14 kilometers in 19 hours, captured 
 five officers, including a major, 1190 men, 30 guns of 77 and 150mm, 50 machine guns, 1 anti- 
 tank gun, 100 rifles, large quantities of ammunition and three narrow gauge locomotives. Other 
 Divisions had like bags. In the haul made by the 42d Division, in addition to wagonloads of vege- 
 tables, was a mail box filled with letters from German soldiers to their folk back home. In all 
 those letters ran the same story of a weakening morale, and these were a source of encourage- 
 ment to the American leaders. The following missives are typical of them all : 
 
 From Grenadier P. Langner, 6th Grenadier Regiment. September 11, 1918. 
 
 " Dear Joseph. As I have already told you, we have been here in a quiet position since August 21st. This 
 
 would be a good place to wait for peace, but, of course, dear friend, you know that the 10th Infantry Division cannot 
 bear anything quiet. Of course, our artillery had to start again to increase its activity. Besides that every evening 
 strong patrols are sent out to bring in prisoners but they are always driven off by the Americans. The talk around 
 here was that Schangel (perhaps a nickname for the Allies) wanted to attack here from the 14th to the 15th, but no 
 one can depend on that rumor. We are only five kilometers from your old position, measuring as the crow flies. 
 (Combres Heights.) 
 
 "We are in the Sonnard Woods. A short time ago I saw Fr. Joseph and he said that we would not stay here long. 
 I hope we do not go into our old haunts again where we made the first offensives for the Englishman is giving us 
 some heavy licks up there. He has won back almost all the territory that we won then. Kuhnert P. wrote that he 
 was already at Ham. He wrote me lately everything was falling up there. I am for the present time in reserve and 
 from here I go for ten days to the S. 0. S. ..." 
 
 The Americans were beginning to loom large on the German horizon even before the St. Mihiel 
 offensive according to this letter: 
 
 "From Heinrich Kirschkb, 47th Infantry. "Pannes (six), September 11, 1918. 
 
 " When will that time come again that we can live together again so comfortably in Berlin? It looks very 
 
 sad for our beautiful Germany. Who knows whether the Americans will not even yet break through? This morning 
 at 3 o'clock we were again alerted and thought the Americans were going to attack, but nothing as yet. However, 
 we captured a couple of prisoners who said that they would be in Germany in eight days. This place is not far from 
 
226 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Alsace Lorraine where Metz is soon reached. We few fellows cannot hold up this superior might and must all go 
 helplessly into captivity and, of course, most of the prisoners are murdered. But then we have to be satisfied with 
 our fate whatever happens. I shouldn't like at all to be taken prisoner for one is then entirely cut off from the dear 
 home. Still worse than that is to be severely wounded. Better dead than that. Well, I have always had luck up to 
 now and guess I'll get through somehow. 
 
 "According to all appearances we are approaching turbulent days. We are constantly alerted and it is feared that 
 the Americans are going to attack in this sector. They are said to have assembled tremendous numbers of tanks 
 and troops on the other side. In that case we are lost. But everything in our front line is balled up, so don't be 
 surprised if you don't hear from me for several weeks. I am finally convinced that I couldn't be any worse off over 
 there than I am here " 
 
 The salient was reduced one-half by the first day's effort, and, while the opposition grew as 
 the American Army advanced, the Unes of the salient were quickly straightened out. 
 
 Subsequent to this operation a German military report on the American troops of which the 
 following is a verbatim extract, came into the possession of the First Army Corps: 
 
 "At least nine American divisions took part under the command of General Pershing. Of these nine divisions 
 there were three — the 1st, 2d and 42d — first-class attacking divisions: two, the 4th and the 26th, good fighting 
 divisions which had already shown their work in other large attacks. The attack was preceded by a foui-hour 
 artillery preparation, in addition to a short trench mortar bombardment. The shooting of the batteries was very 
 good, not only on the front trenches but also on all the communications and rear areas. The initial attack was 
 carried out according to schedules, but the successive waves showed great inaptitude in following up the advance. 
 Officers as well as men did not understand how to make use of the terrain. Instead of seeking protection when they 
 encountered opposition they merely fell back. To crawl backward or forward on the ground, or to advance in quick 
 jumps, does not seem to be understood by the Americans. They remain lying on the ground for the time being 
 and then just stand up again and try to advance. Neither in mass formation nor individually do the Americans 
 know how to conduct themselves in an attack. They are unquestionably brave. They are evidently afraid of being 
 captured. When capture impends, however. They Fight to the Last and Do Not Put Up Their Hands. 
 
 "The Americans showed themselves skilled in the use of machine guns. In defense they are very tenacious. The 
 conduct of the infantry seems to show a lack of military training. The artillery preparation was well carried out. 
 
 "The leadership was unskilled and awkward. The enemy apparently has many officers at his disposal, but the 
 elements of leadership are lacking. Their embarrassment was unmistakable after obtaining their initial success. 
 They remained helpless on their new line and were unable to take full advantage of their victory. The French, in 
 the same position, would have been much more dangerous. After the infantry had reached its objective the higher 
 command failed. It was therefore possible for the army detachment (the Germans), under the most difficult con- 
 ditions, to extricate itself from its precarious situation in one night. The American is very amateurish, and there- 
 fore not to be feared in a large attack." 
 
 On September 14th the 78th Division was moved up on the St. Mihiel front and saw con- 
 tinuous action from then until October 9th. They took the towns of Jaulny and Rimicourt. 
 Captain Samuel H. Piatt, Company E, 309th Infantry, of Buffalo, was killed on the second day 
 of the drive. Private Henry C. Stief describing his death says: 
 
 "Captain Piatt had been advanced to the rank of Major, his commission arriving at Regi- 
 mental Headquarters a short time after his death. 
 
 "It was the second day of the St. Mihiel Drive. Several of our officers were gathered in the 
 post command, or officers ' hut, mapping out the work and consulting about the coming fighting. 
 Just then, whether accidentally or otherwise, the German artillery made a direct hit. A heavy 
 shell dropped squarely in the quarters killing three captains and one lieutenant and wounding 
 two lieutenants. Captain Piatt was one of the men killed. His death was a great shock to us 
 Buffalo boys and to others who had grown to love him as a leader. " 
 
 In the St. Mihiel engagement Lieutenant John A. Bachman, 248 Scheule Avenue, put his 
 name on the scroll of honor by a diligent effort to protect his men during a heavy barrage. He 
 gave his life for his men and his country and won the Distinguished Service Cross, being partic- 
 ularly commended in the following citation: 
 
 "Second Lieutenant John A. Bachman (deceased) 308th Machine Gun Battalion. For extraordinary heroism near Jaulny, France, on Sep- 
 tember 26, 1918. During an early morning raid Lieutenant Bachman attempted to place two guns in position when the enemy opened a terrific 
 barrage. He was ordered to shelter on the slope of the hill and after his men had taken refuge there he went back to determine whether all of 
 his men had reached safety. In passing through the barrage he was struck by a shell and instantly killed." 
 
 Another Buffalo boy who fell while gallantly discharging his duty in the St. Mihiel attack was 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 227 
 
 Lieutenant Allan Wilkins Douglass, 113th F. A., 30th Division. At the time war was declared 
 young Douglass was a sophomore at Yale, and, while the news of America's entrance into the 
 war flashed over the wires, Douglass, like many other American boys, had his application for 
 military service on the way to army headquarters. He was assigned in May to the first officers' 
 training camp at Madison Barracks. Late that year he received his commission; was married 
 in March, 1918, prior to his departure for overseas. While advancing with his battery on Sep- 
 tember 12th he met his death. A division citation commends Lieutenant Douglass for his meri- 
 torious service as follows: 
 
 "BMrst Lieutenant Allan W. Douglass, Deceased, Battery E., 113th Field Artillery. During the engagement near Limey, 12th September, 1918, 
 after being struck by a shell splinter he continued the work of removing the dead and wounded horses and moving the carriages to a place of 
 safety. Later he was again struck by a shell and killed while in the performance of his duty. His courage and utter disregard for personal safety 
 inspired the men of his section to continue their work successfully." 
 
 The 78th Division suffered many losses after relieving the 2d Division during the latter part 
 of the St. Mihiel Drive. Steve Yaschuk of G Company, 311th Infantry, 141 Selkirk Street, was 
 hit in the neck by a piece of shrapnel, killing him instantly. His company was then holding the 
 front line, and Yaschuk was out on a wiring party at the time he was hit. He was buried in a 
 churchyard at Vieville-en-Haye, France. 
 
 During the general attack on September 26th, John F. Burke of B Company, 311th Infan- 
 try, whose brother lived at 2000 Seneca Street was wounded by shrapnel in the arm, back 
 and hips. He was evacuated to Hospital No. 12, but died from his wounds on the following 
 day. 
 
 Sergeant Major Louis Blase, Headquarters Company, 809th Infantry, of 48 Welmont Place 
 was hit early on the morning of September 17th at the time Captain Piatt was killed. Head- 
 quarters of the regiment was occupied by various officers and men, including Sergeant Blase, 
 when it was hit by a high explosive shell. Every man in the building was more or less severely 
 injured. Sergeant Blase died before first aid could be administered. 
 
 Norbert B. Dorscheid, Private, 311th Machine Gun Company, was conveying a message from 
 platoon position in front line on the St. Mihiel sector to Headquarters when an enemy shell 
 exploded near him, wounding him fatally. He died while at the first aid station. 
 
 John V. Earl, 162 16th Street, Buffalo, Private in M Company, 310th Infantry, while return- 
 ing to Brigade Reserve was struck by a high explosive shell on September 28th and killed instantly. 
 This happened on a road between Thiacourt and Jaulny. Rocco Frazzoli, a Private in Company 
 A, 310th Infantry had been killed instantly by a high explosive shell near the same point just 
 as his Company was going into action two days before. 
 
 Edward W. Kindt, 311th Infantry, B Company, whose mother resided at 257 Howard Street, 
 was killed on September 24th at Bois St. Claude by a direct hit of an enemy shell while on out- 
 post duty. He was buried by his comrades where he fell. Christ J. Klaiber, Corporal, Company 
 H, 311th Infantry, 456 Jefferson Street, was killed on September 21st while on patrol duty, 
 attacking a German machine gun nest. Just as he pulled out from a clump of brush and led his 
 automatic rifle squad into action he was struck in the stomach by a machine gun bullet and 
 died almost instantly. Sergeant John Lundquist also of H Company, said that he never saw 
 anyone display greater courage than Corporal Klaiber, in cleaning out machine gun nests that 
 day, until, finally, he was called upon to make the supreme sacrifice. Another Buffalo boy to 
 die that day was Alexander Kuczkowski, a Private in B Company, 311th Infantry, 70 Woltz 
 Avenue. He received a bad wound from shrapnel in chest and right side during the general advance 
 and died in Evacuation Hospital No. 12 on the following day. 
 
 Private H. J. Laurencell, 342 South Park Avenue, Company B, 311th Infantry, was killed by 
 shell fire on the 24th, being the victim of a direct hit on outpost duty. Boleslau Makowiecki, 
 Private in B Company, 311th Infantry, 205 Weimar Street, was killed by shell fire same day. 
 Daniel J. Murray, G Company, 311th Infantry, 255 Fulton Street, was killed by shell fire during 
 the afternoon attack. Private Markey, who was beside him stated that a shell exploded near 
 
228 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 them and a piece of shrapnel hit Murray on the right side of the head. His death was immediate. 
 Jacob C. Moritz, Private, Company M, 311th Infantry, was killed a few days prior to that by 
 the accidental discharge of a hand grenade. Sergeant Arthur Nelson of G Company, 309th Infan- 
 try, was killed by shell fire the same day that Moritz was killed. 
 
 Martin Saar, Private, Company B, 308th Machine Gun Battalion, was killed by shrapnel on 
 September 25th at about 5.10 A. M. near Jaulny. Saar was asleep in his shelter after being reUeved 
 from his gun position, when a shell exploded in his immediate vicinity, killing him instantly. 
 
 On September 26th the Germans accounted for a good many Buffalo boys of the 78th Divi- 
 sion, for after relieving the Second, the enemy counter-attacked severely. During one of these 
 counter-attacks Private Walter Schultz, B Company, 311th Infantry was hit several times. He 
 was dead when first aid reached him. Leo Schweitzer of Headquarters Company, 311th Infantry 
 received wounds from which he died while engaged in fixing an abandoned German dugout. 
 Just a small piece of shrapnel entered Schweitzer's groin, but it severed an artery and he bled to 
 death within ten minutes. He was hit about 4 o'clock in the afternoon. 
 
 On September 24th, John C. Weidman, 364 Watson Street was on his way to outpost duty 
 when he was hit by a shell, killing him instantly. Another Buffalo boy, Henry J. Wolf, who 
 was well known in his locality, 440 Humboldt Parkway, was killed in the St. Mihiel sector. He 
 had been out repairing telephone lines all day and part of the previous night and he returned to 
 his station to get a little sleep. About 4 A. M. the enemy laid down a heavy barrage on the front 
 area. Private Heider who accompanied Wolf heard a gas alarm and they put on their masks 
 and laid down again. They had scarcely reached the ground when a large shell struck a tree 
 directly above their dugout. As soon as Private Heider removed his mask when the all-clear 
 alarm had been given he turned to Wolf and found that he had been hit in the neck by a piece 
 of shrapnel which killed him instantly. He was buried on September 22d in Thiacourt Cemetery 
 by Chaplains King and Gearhart. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 229 
 
 CHAPTER LXVI 
 PLANNING THE DECISIVE BATTLE OF THE WAR 
 
 As early as July, 1917, General Pershing had decided that the first offensive of the American 
 l\ Army would be against the St. Mihiel salient. At that time, however, he anticipated hav- 
 -^ -*- ing an American sector much earlier than was finally the case. But in any event it can 
 readily be seen that the St. Mihiel attack was a well-thought out operation. A few days before 
 the drive, according to Major Palmer of Pershing's Staff, Marshal Foch came down to see General 
 Pershing and they had a talk. Palmer says the upshot of this was that before Pershing had even 
 struck at St. Mihiel he began preparing for the Argonne battle. Indeed, that talk resulted in 
 the most daring campaign of the whole war, and the decisive one of the war. The original idea 
 of the St. Mihiel drive was to move clear to Etain and Mars-la-Tour, seriously threatening Metz. 
 Pershing kept up that impression, and it will be recalled, said Palmer, that Hindenburg went to 
 Metz in person to look after the fortifications. 
 
 Meanwhile Marshal Foch had decided to develop the whole line of attack from Flanders to 
 the Meuse, aiming by a system of alternate blows in rapid succession, to confuse Ludendorff's 
 disposition of his reserves, to break through the old fortifications at every point, and to force 
 future operations in the open. American divisions helped to break the line northwest of Soissons, 
 and that east of Rheims. "Marshal Foch seemed to think well of us as line breakers." 
 
 According to Major Palmer, no one had ever conceived of any offensive from the Meuse River 
 to the Argonne Forest. It was striking straight at the German line of communication. But the 
 natural defenses back of the first line enemy intrenchments were indescribably difficult. Reading 
 the reports of the time, it looked as though we went into that battle well prepared. "As a matter 
 of fact" continues Palmer "the American attack appeared to be defying all the rules and prec- 
 edents which war on the Western Front had established. In order to make sure of a surprise 
 Pershing avoided many details of preparation which hitherto had been considered essential. It 
 was the kind of manoeuver which makes or breaks commanders. He dared all for immediate 
 victory instead of waiting all Winter on the supplies and the training which he needed for a Spring 
 offensive." 
 
 Concluding his comments in a satisfied way, though clearly showing the looseness of that opera- 
 tion, which in itself accounted for many lives needlessly sacrificed, Major Palmer said: "We 
 sent in divisions which had never been under fire before, divisions which had never operated with 
 their artillery brigades, divisions short of transport. We wore down forty German divisions. 
 Ludendorff brought more and more reserves of artillery and machine guns against us, but we 
 kept at it — kept hammering. It was the Somme and Passchendaele over again, with the hope of 
 victory the wine to exhausted officers and men. Drive, drive, drive — with the Germans slowly 
 weakening. I had seen many battles — but nothing like this. We captured one lot of three hun- 
 dred prisoners in which every man was a machine-gunner. Proportionate to prisoners we took 
 three times as many guns as the Allies — which showed how the Germans were pressing their guns 
 to the front in the Argonne battle. 
 
 "At intervals between October 1st and November 11th we had as many troops in the front line 
 as the British and French together. We were holding up our end — even our green divisions were. 
 
 "On November 11th we had only two fresh divisions in reserve, and the French had fourteen 
 and the British seven, as I remember. We had offered ourselves without stint. Individuals did 
 not count. Nothing counted but victory. " 
 
 The Meuse-Argonne offensive which quickly followed St. Mihiel was the solar-plexus blow of 
 the war. Though Major Palmer has said enough to show the incompleteness of the American 
 preparation, the fact that it concluded in a decisive victory virtually ending the war, perhaps 
 should be sufficient for the arm-chair critic. 
 
230 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 The all-important hinge of the Allied drive was assigned to the United States Army in the 
 American sector, they having been given the task of breaking the German lines of communication 
 through Mezieres and Sedan. Simultaneously with the swing through the Argonne the Second 
 Division with the French were to attack Blanc Mont drawing the Boche forces away from St. 
 Quentin, while co-operating with the British, the American 27th and 30th Divisions were to 
 strike the Hindenburg Line, between Cambrai and St. Quentin, at a supposedly invulnerable 
 point. The 27th Division had been withdrawn from the Mt. Kemmel sector a short time before 
 in preparation for the attack conditional upon the success of the St. Mihiel drive, complete as 
 the Allied High Command hoped it to become, and as it subsequently proved to be. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 231 
 
 CHAPTER LXVII 
 GENERAL NOLAN OF AKRON— HERO OF APREMONT. 
 
 Early in 1899 a young Lieutenant, not long out of West Point, came to Fort Porter as a 
 member of the 13th Infantry, and left Buffalo with that regiment for the Philippines. 
 That young man was Lieutenant Dennis E. Nolan, a graduate of West Point in 1896, who 
 had served through the Spanish-American war as aide-de-camp to General Miles, 1st Infantry, 
 U. S. Regulars. Lieutenant Nolan's folks then lived in Akron, and the young officer was a product 
 of the high school of that town. He had entered into competition for a cadetship at West Point, 
 stood highest among the school boy competitors and was named by the congressman of his dis- 
 trict to the first vacancy at the military academy, which occurred in 1892. 
 
 When America entered the World War in 1917, General Pershing found Major Dennis E. Nolan 
 serving in the War Department at Washington. He had gone to the Philippines a Lieutenant 
 in the 13th Infantry and came out of there a Major in the 11th Cavalry. He had served later 
 as an instructor at West Point, and in 1910 was returned to the Philippines as Director of the 
 District of Luzon and came back in 1915. When General Pershing received his order to go abroad, 
 Major Nolan was occupying uneasily a War Department chair. 
 
 Picking out a small staff of officers, the American Commander left for overseas, arriving in 
 France in June, 1917. A well organized staff, in the opinion of General Pershing, through which 
 the commander could exercise his functions was essential to a successful modern army. And, 
 unquestionably, the American Army about to go overseas had to be primarily a successful army, 
 and necessarily, a modern army. A new modernized railroad engine, a completely equipped 
 tender, and splendid new coaches, no matter how thorough their manufacture and how efficient 
 their construction, would be useless for practical purposes unless hitched together by a proper 
 coupling. Accordingly, it is well established that no matter how capable divisions, regiments 
 and companies might be, success for the army would not be possible without thorough co-ordina- 
 tion. Hence, the General Staff. 
 
 Up to that time, however, the American Army had possessed no General Staff broadly con- 
 structed and trained for war. The building of this Army, therefore, had to begin at the top. 
 The staff when completed had the task of carrying out the policy of the Army, directing the 
 details of administration, supply, preparation and operations of the Army as a whole, with all 
 special branches and bureaus subject to its control. General Pershing obtained complete informa- 
 tion as to the organization of the veteran French staff, and also reviewed the experience of the 
 British who had similarly formed an organization to meet the demands of their enlarged and 
 newly constructed army. The American Commander says in his report: "By selecting from each 
 the features best adapted to our basic organization, fortified by our own early experiences in the 
 war, the development of our great General Staff system was completed. " 
 
 The Staff was divided into five groups, and the chief of each group was an assistant to the 
 Chief of the General Staff. Group 2 of the staff had charge of the censorship, the secret service, 
 enemy intelligence, gathering and disseminating information, the preparation of maps, and all 
 similar duties. In looking around for a head for that division, the boy who 26 years before 
 had gone out from the Akron high school to West Point, was the choice of General Pershing and 
 the other American officers in France as an ideal selection for the post. Accordingly, Brigadier 
 General Dennis E. Nolan became G. 2 of the American Expeditionary Forces; and thus, an Erie 
 County man appeared in France with the first American force and as one of the chief advisers 
 to the Commanding General. He was then 46 years of age. 
 
 At that time Brigadier General Nolan's family had moved to Tonawanda, leaving their home 
 in Akron for a wider field, where a younger brother who had stepped from the University doors 
 a short time before, might enter the practice of medicine. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 233 
 
 Having completed his General Staff, General Pershing established the American headquarters 
 at Chaumont, decided upon the size and make up of the American divisions, and planned the 
 method of organization to be followed upon the arrival of troops. General Nolan immediately 
 turned his attention to the immense task ahead of him, and built from the ground up the entire 
 intelligence system of the United States Army in France; organized, and from then on adminis- 
 tered the secret service work among the American forces. Upon General Nolan rested the respon- 
 sibility of giving the American commanders information of the movements of the German forces. 
 That he achieved remarkable success in his work was attested by many officers; General Pershing 
 having cited him* personally for distinguished service. 
 
 However successful he was in obtaining information as to the enemy movements, and no matter 
 how valuable that service was to the country and the success of the American arms, General 
 Nolan won his greatest distinction, and will be longest remembered by the men of the An erican 
 Expeditionary Forces, for his work in the Argonne Forest in command of the 55th Infantry Brigade 
 of the 28th Division, Pennsylvania national guardsmen. 
 
 Knowing that the effort in the Argonne would be a mighty difficult one, General Pershing did 
 not hesitate to use the most experienced men he had whenever and wherever he deemed their 
 services more advantageous to the cause than the officers theretofore in command. To make 
 certain the taking and holding of Apremont, General Pershing directed General Nolan late in 
 September to proceed to the Argonne and take command of the 55th Brigade. In company with 
 Colonel Walter Sweeney of Wheeling, W. Va., Nolan commanding the center column planned 
 a defense of deep shell holes, in which he hid a number of machine gunners, on the outskirts of 
 Apremont far in advance of his supporting brigades on the right and left. The Germans centered 
 their attack on this advanced position and soon reached the shell holes containing the pick of Penn- 
 sylvania's guardsmen. Those brave boys in the shell holes armed with machine guns caught 
 the German horde coming forward and mowed them down like grass. The two regiments of Nol- 
 an's brigade then going forward wiped out the remainder of the German force in that immediate 
 locality and made the capture of Apremont complete and lasting. Returning soldiers state that 
 neither " Colonel Sweeney nor Brigadier General Nolan commanding had any sleep for three days. " 
 
 "I never knew that generals like that were right up there with us doughboys. Of course, we 
 went forward." 
 
 This was the opinion expressed by a muddy, unshaven Pennsylvanian soldier who had just re- 
 turned from the death-stalking heights above the Aire valley, speaking to another who personally 
 knew the Brigadier General who was referred to. 
 
 "General Nolan worked out the defense of Apremont before the German counter attack," 
 said Lieutenant Davis of Philadelphia. "Then in the thickest of the fight he came out and joined 
 us. We had 300 men and sixty machine guns. A Prussian regiment came over in the fog. We 
 scattered into shell holes, ten men to each, and practically wiped them out. Those we did not 
 wipe out our tanks coming up at dawn finished. He is every inch a man. 
 
 "While we were up there fighting we saw him going from shell hole to shell hole, never bend- 
 ing his head. That is what gives men grit. I never saw the general we had before outside of a 
 dugout, the new one was always leading us. " 
 
 For his services with the Pennsylvania boys at Apremont, Major General Hay, commanding 
 the Division, cited f him for extraordinary heroism in action. 
 
 When the American advance through the Argonne became a certainty. General Nolan was 
 returned to his duties at headquarters. 
 
 *" Brigadier General Dennis E. Nolan, U. S. Army 
 "For exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services 
 "He organized and administered, with marked ability, the Intelligence Section of the General Staff of the American Expeditionary Forces. 
 His estimates of the complex and everchanging military and political situations, his sound judgment and accurate discrimination were invaluable 
 to the Government, and influenced greatly the success that attended the operations of the American Armies in Europe. 
 
 "By command of General Pershing. "J. A. Ulio, Adjutant General." 
 
 t" Brigadier General Dennis E. Nolan, 55th Infantry Brigade] 
 "For extraordinary heroism in action near Apremont, France, October 1, 1918 
 "While the enemy was preparing a counter-attack, which they preceded by a terrific barrage. General Nolan made his way into the town of 
 Apremont, and personally directed the movements of his tanks, under a most harassing fire of enemy machine guns, rifles and artillery. His indomi- 
 table courage and coolness so inspired his forces, that about 400 of our troops repulsed an enemy attack of two German regiments." 
 
234 
 
 Buffalo's Paet in the World War 
 
 Despite the fact that National Guard soldiers resent the promotion of regulars over State officers, 
 in the short time that General Nolan was with the Pennsylvania brigade he so won his men by 
 his soldierly qualities and personal courage that when he left he was the most beloved officer in 
 the division — [Information given to the editor by National Guard officers of the Twenty-eighth.] 
 
 North Tonawanda furnished two other members of the Nolan family to the service of Uncle 
 Sam in France. Captain Daniel A. Nolan was adjutant of the Fifth Infantry, stationed in the 
 Canal Zone, Panama, when war was declared. He was detailed for duty at the Plattsburg train- 
 ing camp during June, July and August of 1917, promoted Major National Army August 22, 
 1917, and assigned to duty as adjutant of the Depot Brigade Camp Upton, N. Y.; transferred 
 to the 77th Division, National Army, on its departure for France in March, 1918, and assigned 
 to command the 305th Machine Gun Battalion. He was the first officer of the National Army 
 commanding a fighting unit to land in France. In June, 1918, he was ordered to the General 
 Staff College at Langres; promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, National Army, in July, 1918. 
 
 In the organization of the Sixth Corps in August Lieutenant Colonel Nolan was assigned to 
 duty as Assistant G-1, the branch of the General Staff devoted to administration. He served 
 with the Sixth Corps in the Marbache sector and in the Second Army Moselle offensive up to 
 the date of the Armistice. He was recommended to the grade of colonel on merit while serving 
 with the Sixth Army Corps. 
 
 Another brother. Lieutenant Martin F. Nolan, a practicing physician in North Tonawanda, 
 realized the pressing need in the army for medical men; and the need was pressing, for the expedi- 
 tionary force in the early days of the war was far short of its medical quota. Leaving his practice, 
 young Nolan tendered his service to the Government and was sent to Base Hospital, No. 41, 
 St. Denis, France. 
 
 While the services of General Nolan at Chaumont and in the Argonne were exceptionally valu- 
 able and valorous, and while Colonel Nolan rendered commendable service on the corps and 
 divisional staffs, it was reserved for the youngest of this trio of splendid soldiers to crown the 
 efforts of all with the noblest sacrifice that a man can make for his country. Lieutenant Martin 
 F. Nolan, died October 9th, in a hospital adjacent to the one in which Don Martin, the Silver 
 Creek war correspondent, died. 
 
 Ruins ot a Church at Montfaucon 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 235 
 
 Lieutenant Nolan's services and death are very clearly recounted in a letter to Mrs. Honora 
 Nolan, heroic mother of the three soldiers, at 213 Goundry Street, North Tonawanda. The letter 
 was sent by Captain Miller of Base Hospital No. 41: 
 
 "St. Denis, France, December 3, 1918. 
 
 "Lieutenant Nolan's death was a great shock to us. He was sick only about five days. About two o'clock in the 
 afternoon of October 9th the Lieutenant died in the presence of Abbe Nozais, English speaking Priest of the 
 Cathedral of St. Denis, and a few friends. 
 
 "His brother. General Nolan, was notified as soon as the diagnosis of pneumonia was made, but did not reach 
 the hospital until the evening of the day on which he died. After death, his body, in a flag-draped casket, laid in 
 state in the Chapelle of the Legion of Honor, which was at one time the worshipping place of the Benedictine Order 
 of Monks. The casket was placed directly in front of the Altar, under a constant military guard; on either side where 
 the floral tributes from members of the organization, oflScers, nurses and enlisted men. Funeral services were con- 
 ducted by Abbe Nozais, who spoke beautifully of Lieutenant Nolan's fidelity and devotion to work among the sick 
 and wounded. The casket was borne from the Chapel by six officers, placed in an automobile and escorted by the 
 entire organization, led by the officers, to the gate. As the car passed out of the grounds, between the column of 
 officers on either side, taps was sounded. 
 
 "The death of Lieutenant Nolan struck a deep blow in our hearts, although we had known him only a short time. 
 He had under his care at least two hundred patients — all of the most serious cases, such as pneumonia and gassed 
 patients. It was probably due to his untiring efforts and long hours of work that he contracted pneumonia. No 
 man ever labored more faithfully than did Martin Nolan. 
 
 "Try hard as we may it is impossible not to meditate over the swiftness and tragedy of the death of such a man 
 so far from home. To his loved ones at home this thought must strike all the deeper. Lieutenant Nolan was not 
 permitted— though he tried hard — to serve his country on the battlefield. But his death here was none the less the 
 Supreme Sacrifice. His life was filled with rare possibilities, but he sacrificed all to serve his country. Martin Nolan 
 has played his part and proved himself a man. 
 
 "Walter E. Miller, 
 Captain D. C, B. H. U, A. P. O. 702, A. E. F." 
 
238 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER LXVIII 
 77th division ENTERS ARGONNE— COLONEL JEWETT DECORATED 
 
 WHILE many Buffalo men had rendered splendid service to their country, and not a few 
 had made the Supreme Sacrifice in Belleau Wood and in the Second Battle of the Marne 
 and at Soissons, at the Ourcq and at the Vesle, the widest range of Buffalo's participa- 
 tion on the battlefields of France must be written in the Meuse-Argonne offensive and in the 
 breaking of the Hindenburg Line. Up to that time Buffalo's banner had been carried gloriously, 
 untarnished and with added lustre through each new engagement, by Buffalo men in the Regu- 
 lars, in the Marines, and by those who fought with Donovan in the Rainbow Division, by those 
 engaged in the brief, and valorous, but sad, experience of the 77th Division on the Vesle. 
 
 To the 77th belongs the peculiarly dramatic credit, after its discouraging debut in battle, of 
 graduating into an efficient combat division. It never had the advantages of leadership that fell 
 to some of the other divisions; it never had the transport equipment attached to other divisions 
 and the task assigned it was one of sustained difficulties through the heart of the impenetrable 
 Argonne. Its wounded frequently died of exposure through failure of the proper functioning of 
 divisional units, but its courage never lessened and it performed its assigned duty courageously 
 and completely. 
 
 Perhaps it was stung into fighting efficiency by the bad mauling it received on the Vesle, or 
 its new commander. Major General Robert Alexander, may have given it a new divisional spirit. 
 In any event he aided tremendously in swinging the division into fighting form. When it left 
 the Vesle sector on the night of September 16th, it was a new 77th Division in everything but 
 a name. The Division was moved up in camions to the vicinity of Civry-en- Argonne and attached 
 to the First Army Corps. Buffalo officers were not too numerous in the Division. Karl E. Wil- 
 helm, noted Cornell athlete and prominent Buffalonian, destined to play an important part in 
 the Argonne offensive, had been assigned to Company E, 308th Infantry, under Captain George 
 M'Murtry. The only other Buffalo officer in that regiment was Lieutenant Cook of Lackawanna. 
 They had won their commissions at Fort Niagara, at the Officers' Training Camp, getting the 
 documents in November, 1917, and were then detailed to Camp Upton, sailing for overseas with 
 the Division and eventually reaching the Argonne Forest. 
 
 Every Buffalo man in a combat division in France, not then in the hospital, participated in 
 that giant offensive. Buffalo's national guardsmen, in the 27th Division, still co-operating with 
 the British Army, were given the mighty task of breaking the famous Hindenburg Line at a point 
 near Bony. The artillery of the 27th Division, including the 102d Trench Mortar Battery and 
 the 106th Field Artillery, still separated from the division, and assigned to support the 33d Divi- 
 sion formed the base of the Argonne hinge. The 106th took a position on September 25th on 
 the historic "Dead Man's Hill." Next, to the left of the 33d, was the 80th Division, then came 
 the 4th Division of regulars, and besides the latter the 79th; then the 37th, 91st, 35th, 28th, 
 and on the extreme right of the American Army, the end of the whip which was to slash through 
 the Argonne Forest, came the New York 77th Division, with its many hundreds of Buffalo boys. 
 Beyond the 77th was the French Fourth Army its right of line at Vienne-le-Chateau. The 78th 
 Division had orders to move into a reserve position. Thus the two divisions, containing the bulk of 
 the Buffalo selective service men, then overseas and in combat service, were relatively close together 
 on September 25th when the hour of attack was announced to the regimental leaders. The artil- 
 lery of the 78th Division, operating with the 90th Division up to that time, was attached to its 
 own division and went to the Argonne front reserve line along with the remainder of the 78th 
 Division. 
 
 The Argonne Forest is about 20 miles long and seven miles wide. The line of attack extended 
 from the Meuse to the Aisne on the start off. The thin line of French that had been holding the 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 239 
 
 line was withdrawn on the 25th, and used with the Fourth French Army on the extreme left 
 along the Aisne; French were also holding the lines southeast of the American sector. 
 
 Although the American line had moved up the 23d of September, the French line was not with- 
 drawn until late on the 25th to mask the arrival of the Americans. The attack on the 26th was 
 a surprise attack. 
 
 The Argonne is a region of continuous dense woodland and thickest underbrush, a succession 
 of hills and ravines, of brooks and swamps, with few roads, and those few invariably commanded 
 by the wooded heights. The Germans held all of the Argonne except the open woods in the south, 
 and in four years they had fortified the Forest by every means known to scientific ingenuity into 
 an impregnable fortress which, perhaps, only Americans would have been daring enough to tackle. 
 
 German artillery commanded the few roads of approach and every treacherous ravine. Ger- 
 man machine guns swept every forest path and insignificant trail and every hill slope. German 
 machine guns were further posted thickly in echelon, so as to form interlocking bands of fire, 
 long chains of machine gun barrages. The trees were interlaced with barbed wire, with succes- 
 sive defensive systems running miles back. The Germans, too, had been prolific in their use of 
 cement. In four years they had constructed systems of reinforced concrete trenches; the terrain 
 was dotted with cement "pill-boxes." There were blockhouses and tree top "fortresses." 
 
 Above all, the Germans had four years of experience in Argonne Forest guerilla warfare and a 
 perfect knowledge of the terrain, reinforced by lookout towers, concealed observation posts, an 
 
 l^>^: 
 
 "^^e-' "fWt^'^ 
 
 Outside a Dugout in the Argonne Forest 
 
 Members of the 307th Infantry, 77th Division, at a dugout south of Charlevoix Mills 
 in the thickest part of the forest 
 
240 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 elaborate telephone system and a narrow gauge railway system for bringing up troops, ammuni- 
 tion and supplies. 
 
 No German soldier had ever dreamed of an attack through this Forest, and everything was 
 done to conceal the nature of the operation from them. The American artillery observers during 
 the period of preparation wore French uniforms. On the night of the 25th, the 77th and other 
 divisions in the reserve line moved up and the French came back. Owing to the vast amount of 
 territory covered by the 77th, the four infantry divisions were necessarily in the line, the 305th 
 on the extreme right and the others, in numerical order, stretched to the left until they met up 
 with the 1st French Division. 
 
 That, at least, had been the arrangement. On the left flank for service between the 77th and 
 the French, a Franco-American force had been organized which was to act as a combat liaison 
 group. It was made up of the 368th Infantry of the 92d Division. A barrage was laid down 
 for the 368th, but it did not advance, and the 77th went away on the morning of the 26th with 
 its left flank exposed and continued so through the entire Argonne drive. Owing to a misunder- 
 standing, or failure of leadership, the 368th Infantry did not take its appointed place. 
 
 After the first two days of the attack, surprise days for the enemy, the German defense began 
 to stiffen as fresh divisions were rushed into the strongly fortified forest, but the driving power 
 of the Americans was not to be denied. On the right of the line from the Aire to the Meuse, the 
 troops moved forward rapidly. The 37th Ohio Division, the 79th drafted men from Pennsylvania 
 and Maryland, the veteran 4th, the 91st, 80th and the 33d moved up in unison; the last named 
 division, supported by the 106th Field Artillery and the 102d Trench Mortar Battery, two Buffalo 
 units, followed the Meuse, and cleaned up the territory from Forges to Dannevoux. Charpentry 
 and Montfaucon had also been taken before night of the 27th and, on the following day, Cierges 
 fell. The American Army had taken 10,000 prisoners on the first day. 
 
 As the 91st Division moved forward behind its thundering barrage that morning and encountered 
 the first line of resistance, it was quickly discovered that one of the infantry brigades was badly 
 disorganized. They were in the line just west of the Aire River in contact with the 35th Divi- 
 sion on the left and the 37th on the right, the three divisions moving off together from the Boure- 
 villes-Avocourt Road and headed through Cheppy and Very to take Charpentry and Epinonville. 
 
 Colonel Henry C. Jewett, a brother of Sherman S. Jewett and Mrs. Fred H. Williams of Buf- 
 falo — a Buffalonian himself until he entered the miUtary service from West Point in 1901 — was 
 in command of the 316th Engineers, attached to the 91st Division, when his division went over 
 the top that morning. Colonel Jewett's men had cut the first wires in the forest. He was work- 
 ing at that task when Major General W. H. Johnston, in command of the Division, sent for 
 and directed him to proceed forward as commander of the disorganized infantry brigade, the 
 182d Brigade, at that moment virtually demoralized. The General in command of the Brigade 
 had been removed a few minutes before. Colonel Jewett, from reports which have since 
 come through from officers and men, quickly reorganized the brigade, took up his position in 
 the line, and went into Charpentry that night having cleared the Apremont-Montfaucon Road. 
 They were then right in step and on time with the 37th Division. For courageous leadership and 
 intelligent handling of the brigade, Colonel Jewett was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, 
 the order reading: 
 
 "Colonel Henry C. Jewett, 316th Engineers, for extraordinary heroism in action during the Argonne-Meuse offensive, September 25th to Octo- 
 ber 4, 1918. Assigned to the command of an Infantry brigade. Colonel Jewett was directed to go forward, find his brigade, and consolidate his 
 regiments, which had become separated. He crossed territory under terrific fire and pulled his rear regiment to the aid of the regiment in the front 
 which was seriously engaged, thereafter commanding the movements of both regiments in a highly creditable manner." 
 
 After the first phase of the Argonne, a Brigadier-General was given command of the 182d 
 Brigade and Colonel Jewett returned to his own work, the engineering regiment having a most 
 difficult part to play from that point forward in the Argonne attack. Later on Colonel Jewett 
 acted as Chief of Staff of the 91st Division. 
 
 While a Buffalo Colonel was thus distinguishing himself by heroic effort, a Buffalo private in 
 the 147th Infantry of the 37th Division, fighting by the side of Colonel Jewett, likewise showed 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 241 
 
 his valor. Charles Frueh, of 1694 William Street, the chap who had failed to pass the Buffalo 
 doctors, but who effected an enlistment in the Ohio Division was shot down by a machine gun- 
 ner early in the day. Frueh's company, along with others of the 147th Regiment, was halted by a 
 severe machine gun action from the crest of a hill. His company was compelled to fall back, 
 leaving a number of wounded on the ground, among them the Buffalo private writhing with a 
 bullet through his thigh. A German lieutenant with a detachment of seven men hurrying forward, 
 searching the ground, came across Frueh and directed him to go to the rear a prisoner. 
 
 "I can't walk," said the Buffalo man, speaking in German. The Lieutenant told him he would 
 have to go back, but the lad replied he would rather die where he was than become a prisoner. 
 
 The angry Lieutenant grabbing a rifle from the nearest soldier, fired six times from his hip 
 at the prostrate boy on the ground. Five of the bullets took effect in the boy's side and arm, 
 but none fatally. The return of the reorganized American company put the Germans to flight, 
 but the German Lieutenant and five of his men were brought down before they could get out of 
 harm's way. Frueh finally recovered. 
 
 The gallant 77th Division during that time was in the center of the forest, ploughing its way 
 through. Many of the Divisions in the territory between the Aire and Meuse had fairly open 
 going, but the 77th was in the heart of dense wood, and had been slowed up until, on the 29th, 
 the center of the line was stopped. On October 1st an attack made along the entire front by 
 the 77th was checked at every point and the 77th found itself anchored. Orders came that night 
 to attack again in the morning. 
 
242 BiTFALo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER LXIX 
 MAJOR WHITTLESEY'S BATTALION, 77th DIVISION 
 
 THE morning attack came on time. Cyril Brown, New York World staff correspondent, in 
 his account of the 77th's advance, pursuant to orders, on the following morning. October 
 2d, tells picturesquely and accurately the stor>^ which constitutes the history of the "Lost 
 Battalion." Lieutenant Karl Wilhelm, commanded Company E, 308th Infantr3^ of that Battal- 
 ion, and thus, in that most hidden spot in the black heart of the Argonne, Buffalo was again 
 faithfully and courageously represented. 
 
 The division was ordered to attack at 12.50 P. M. on its entire front regardless of losses. The 
 elements of the division were further ordered, if successful in breaking through the German line, 
 to advance regardless of flank protection and to hold their objectives until the rest of the line 
 caught up with them. The Division attacked on schedule time, supported by a barrage and by 
 a simultaneous attack by the French holding the Binarville sector west of the 77th. But the 
 attack ran into murderous enfilading fire from cleverly concealed machine guns which apparently 
 left not a loophole in the entire front. The Germans held all along the line and the American 
 attack seemed to be a complete failure. 
 
 When the situation cleared a slender ray of success appeared. One battalion alone had suc- 
 ceeded in breaking through the German line. At all other points the Division had been held up. 
 Elements of the 1st and 2d Battalions of the 308th Infantry, reinforced by sections of Companies 
 C and D of the 806th Machine Gun Battalion, all under the command of Major Charles S. Whit- 
 tlesey had found Achilles's Heel of the impregnable German line — its one vulnerable spot. This 
 was the Ravine de Charlevaux, on the extreme left of the Division's line and running through 
 the center of the 308th Infantry's sector. The one undefended spot of the German line was in 
 the bed of this ra\nne, and by a process of infiltration through the underbrush along the eastern 
 bank of its slender stream Major Whittlesey's force, now comprising Companies A, B, C, E, G 
 and H of the 308th Infantry, with the added machine gun detachments, succeeded in breaking 
 through the German line and alone reaching its objective, the so-called Charlevaux Mills. 
 
 Without support of any kind on either flank this solitary band of unconscious heroes had 
 reached — and intended to hold — a position deep within the enemy's lines. On the left the French 
 attack had made no progress and had been held up in front of La Palette Pavilion. On the right 
 the 307th Infantr>' had been unable to make progress and had been checked. 
 
 At that time the "Lost Battalion" had no way of knowing that it was far in advance of the 
 checked elements on both its flanks. It only knew that it had broken through the German trench 
 and wire system, losing about ninety men, but capturing two officers, twenty-eight privates and 
 three machine guns. It confidently expected support in the form of reinforcements; and, as a 
 matter of fact, the 3d Battalion of the 307th Infantry actually did attempt to follow it that same 
 night, but only Company K succeeded in slipping through and reinforcing Major Whittlesey in 
 the morning. 
 
 To the layman it might look as if Major Whittlesey's band of heroes had blundered with their 
 eyes open into a man-trap. But nobody had blundered. Major Whittlesey had specific orders 
 to break through the Charlevaux Mills and hold it until the rest of the line came up, which left 
 him no discretion for avoiding a possible man-trap by retreating, or, once in, trying to fight his 
 way back. 
 
 That night Major Whittlesey took up a position near the crest of the hill south of La Viergette- 
 Binarville, about 500 meters east of the Charlevaux Mills. He and his band did not know until 
 morning that in the night the Germans had been super-active, digging trenches, running barbed 
 wire entanglements and posting machine guns in his rear, across the path of his advance, and 
 thus repairing the break in the German line which his force had made. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 243 
 
 Casualties had reduced his command to 600 effectives, including the machine gunners. These 
 "babes in the Argonne woods" were now hopelessly "lost" in a deep "pocket" formed by the 
 junction of two steep ravines, with slender streams, meeting at right angles. On four sides they 
 were hemmed in by steep, densely wooded slopes. In the darkness Major Whittlesey led his men, 
 struggling through the morass, across the brook and junction of the two ravines and up the 
 tangled slope almost to the crest. In front, and about 100 yards from the crest, the Binarville- 
 La Viergette road hugged the slope. With the utmost difficulty, funk holes were dug in the stony 
 ground of the hill slope. Also, the men had no blankets or overcoats. And lastly, thej^ had already 
 eaten up their reserve rations in the course of their advance. But this night they were to enjoy 
 their last quiet, restful night. Not until morning did they discover the true character of their 
 desperate position. At daybreak October 2d details were sent to the rear for rations. At the 
 same time, Company E, under Lieutenant Wilhelm, was sent back to attack from the west of 
 the ravine from which the original attack had been launched, in order to assist reinforcements 
 in getting through and up. 
 
244 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER LXX 
 LIEUTENANT WILHELM, BUFFALO, IN "LOST BATTALION." 
 
 THE situation was a desperate one, but the uncertainty as to the location of the others, Amer- 
 ican and German, did not force home the idea on the Lost Battahon, that conditions were 
 any different that day from what they had been on each preceding day. The state of affairs 
 is best gleaned from Lieutenant Wilhelm's account of his experiences just before and after he 
 was sent back to make an opening for reinforcements. He had been away from his company 
 from the 15th of August until the beginning of the Argonne drive on September 26th, on account 
 of a severe gassing which had closed both his eyes while the Division was on the Vesle River 
 front. He did not consider the position of the Lost Battalion as seriously then as some others 
 did, for the reason that many small detachments of different companies were isolated from their 
 companions during the "gang fighting" through the woods. Whittlesey's force had been twice 
 cut off within a few days; it was large in numbers and many of the men came back, while, in 
 the cases of small numbers, frequently none returned. Lieutenant Wilhelm explaining the situa- 
 tion said: 
 
 "The Argonne Forest is very similar to the Adirondacks, with the exception that the under- 
 brush is much thicker than in the Adirondacks. Our daily progress had varied little. Each morn- 
 ing at about 4 o'clock our barrage would start and at 4.30 the troops would go forward until 
 they encountered the Germans, when the action would be fought out. Due to the thick shrubbery 
 and new formation known as "gang formation," which merely meant that each non-commis- 
 sioned officer took from six to eight men and proceeded in the general direction of the German 
 lines, keeping in touch as best he could, with the small units on his right and left, and because of 
 the nature of the ground, the utmost confusion at times prevailed. It was almost impossible to 
 tell where the various gangs were operating or where the Germans were located. 
 
 "The third or fourth day out, my company was with two companies from the 1st Battalion. 
 We figured that we had gone a mile or so in advance of the main body when we ran into stiff 
 machine gun and rifle fire and dug in on the slope of a hill. Major Whittlesey commanding the 
 composite battalion sent me back to the main body to tell of the situation and give them our 
 location. In our advance before the main body we had dropped off runner posts consisting of 
 two or three men at intervals of a few hundred yards so that messages could be conveyed forward 
 and back as easily as possible. On my way back I met Lieutenant Colonel Smith of New York 
 City, who was commanding two companies which had dug in alongside a narrow gauge railway 
 about half a mile behind the advanced battalion. I reported to him, and, as it was raining and 
 there was no shelter, I suggested to the Colonel that we go to the first-aid station which had 
 been established in a little shanty a few hundred yards away, where we might get a bite to eat. 
 
 "We had just arrived at the first aid station when Regimental Headquarters called upon the 
 field telephone and informed Lieutenant Colonel Smith that the runner service had broken down 
 and it was the Colonel's order that he re-establish it immediately. It was then one or two o'clock 
 in the morning and pitch dark, so the Colonel and myself worked back to Regimental Head- 
 quarters, arriving there an hour before daylight. 
 
 "As soon as daylight came we started for the advanced Battalion with a guide leading. After 
 the guide came Lieutenant Colonel Smith, then myself, then the Colonel's Adjutant, a second 
 lieutenant and two or three runners. We went forward from post to post without difficulty until 
 we had gone within approximately a quarter of a mile of the advanced Battahon. Suddenly we 
 ran into a group of Germans with a light machine gun who had been practically concealed in the 
 thick underbrush. One of the runners and myself flopped down on the right of the little path 
 we had been following, while the Colonel and the rest of the party threw themselves to the left 
 of the path and we fired with our revolvers as rapidly as possible at this Httle German group. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 245 
 
 The Home of Bismarck in 1870 
 
 House on the road to Grand Pre, said to have been occupied by the "Blood and Iron Chancellor" while on his way to Paris. 
 The youth in the window is Private Charles Mader, 312th Machine Gun Company 
 
 Unfortunately, a revolver had little chance against a machine gun and in 20 or 30 seconds the 
 regular patt-patt-patt-patt-patt of the gun told us they were scouring the woods. The German 
 gun fired for a few moments and then was silent. As soon as it ceased, I crawled to the path and 
 ran back towards our own line as fast as possible. After going back some 200 yards I found the 
 Colonel's Adjutant lying on the ground with a very nasty wound through his thigh. He told 
 me that the party had scattered and that he thought the Lieutenant Colonel and two others 
 were killed, which fact was afterwards verified. After bandaging him as well as possible with 
 our first aid kits, I started to drag him back, but found it was almost impossible to make progress, 
 as he was rapidly losing strength. I called for help, and, though this drew a couple of snipers' 
 bullets, it resulted in one of the runners who had gone out with us coming to my assistance and 
 we got back without difficulty after that. 
 
 "The Division was moving forward against very determined opposition, but in two days the 
 Germans were cleared out of the territory intervening between the main forces and the advanced 
 Battalion. I was then given command of E Company, as Major Budd was sent to Staff School 
 and Captain McMurtry was made acting Major of the 2d Battalion. 
 
 "Now all this occurred prior to October 2d when the Battalion was finally cut off. 
 
 "In advancing I found that two platoons of my Company which were ahead of me had gone 
 into action with some German posts and went up towards them to find out what the conditions 
 were, accompanied by my orderly, a little Italian from New York. While short, he was very 
 broad and powerful and a fine soldier. The orderly was preceding me by 15 or 20 yards when I 
 suddenly heard him shout and lunge with his bayonet behind a group of bushes. Much to my 
 amazement a six-foot German was partially hidden there and in a moment the German and the 
 orderly were hot at it with their bayonets. The sight was so unexpected that for some half minute 
 I forgot entirely that I was supposed to participate and watched anxiously to see how the fight 
 would come out. Suddenly I realized that I was supposed to be doing a little scrapping myself 
 
246 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 about that time, so I managed to get within six or eight feet of the German and shot him. I 
 rather expected to be at least thanked for this action by my orderly, but he turned around with 
 an expression of disgust on his face and said : 
 
 '"Oh! hell. Lieutenant, what did you want to do that for? I'd have got him in a minute my- 
 self.' 
 
 "On the morning of October 2d we had camped on a hillside and I had put two or three auto- 
 matic rifle outposts over the brow of the hill. Just before the time to start and while our barrage 
 was still going on, my Sergeant reported that one of these outposts could not be found. As I 
 had helped place them the night before I thought I knew their exact location and walked over 
 the brow of the hill to call them in personally. I came upon a group of five figures who were 
 looking at right angles to me and who, of course, could not hear of my approach because of the 
 noise of the barrage. Never doubting but what they were my post I advanced to within some 
 15 or 20 yards of them when suddenly one of the figures saw me approaching and without getting 
 up, fired at me with a revolver over his shoulder. Luckily the bullets merely struck the little 
 finger of my left hand and as a matter of fact I did not know for some time that he had wounded 
 me, being too much plain scared. I fired at them while retreating at which they threw one or 
 two hand gi'enades in my general direction, and, while these did not injure me, they added suffi- 
 ciently to my fright, so as to send me back to the company immediately. I rounded up a squad 
 and went back to clean out this nest, but, as usual found that they had left for parts unknown. 
 
 "The advance that day continued according to schedule. Late that afternoon I came through 
 a ravine and found myself with the forty-five or fifty men left in my company (the others had 
 been wounded or killed during the previous fighting) and with four or five other companies dug 
 in on the side of a hill. Major Whittlesey was in command and Captain McMurtry second in 
 command. This eventually became the site of the famous so-called "Lost Battalion." Properly 
 speaking the Battalion was not lost at all. Its location was well known but the German resistance 
 between it and the main body was so powerful that all attempts to relieve it for six or seven 
 days proved vain. The 307th Infantry tried hard but lost many men.* 
 
 "On digging ourselves in we immediately encountered machine gun and rifle fire from the 
 north, east and west. The second morning after arriving here I was ordered by Major Whittlesey 
 to take my company and work back along the side of a hill to connect with two companies who 
 were supposed to work forward from the main body and toward us. I started out soon after 
 daylight but after getting a half mile away from the Lost Battalion, was startled by a voice on 
 the hill top above us saying: 
 
 "'What Company is that?' 
 
 "Three or four men immediately answered: 'It is E Company.' 
 
 "Something in the tones of the voice made me suspicious and I sent a scout up the hill to see 
 if he could get any definite information. At the end of ten minutes he did not return, so I crawled 
 up the hill a short distance myself and again heard talking, the men speaking in German although 
 I could not distinguish what they said. Returning to the Company I gave the order to move 
 ahead but about this time a terrific rifle and machine gun fire commenced, the Germans firing 
 at us from above and also both flanks — while from across the little valley snipers started working. 
 
 "I took ten men and worked for a hundred and fifty yards to see if there was a possible chance 
 
 *Ed. — A popular Buffalo boy, a member of the 307th Infantry, Sergeant Frank Holtz, whose home was in Humboldt Parkway near Main Street, 
 gave his life in an effort to relieve the "Lost Battalion." The story of that heroic endeavor is told in a letter from Captain R. M. Shields of the 
 307th Infantry to the boy's father: 
 
 " Sergeant Holtz took part in a battalion attack on a Boche barbed wire position in difficult woods in the heart of the Argonne forest — in 
 an attack aimed to relieve the battalion of the 308th which was cut off by the Boche and had been marooned a kilo ahead of us in a valley for 
 two or three days. Undoubtedly you read all about this in the New York papers about that time, for it was reported faithfully and at length. 
 Sergeant Holtz was wounded about October 4th. We relieved the battalion of the 308th Infantry, on, I believe, the 6th, after it had held on five 
 days without food — relieved it by a turning attack on the Boche left flank. About Holtz, himself, I can say nothing but praise. He was an ex- 
 cellent soldier and a fearless one. He was promoted Sergeant from private and later made platoon sergeant. Nothing that I can say, of course, 
 can relieve your grief in losing him. He gave up his life like a soldier." 
 
 Washington, June 4, 1919 — Associated Press. — The distinguished service cross has been awarded by General Pershing to the late Sergeant 
 Frank F. Holtz, son of Mrs. Henry F. Holtz of No. 207 Humboldt Parkway, Buffalo, who died from wounds received in action. The award was 
 made for "extraordinary heroism in action near Moulin de Charlavaux, France, October 4, 1918." In announcing the award to-day the War 
 Department said: "His platoon held up and cut off from the remainder of the company, he volunteered to establish liaison and summon reinforce- 
 ments after several runners had been killed or captured in the attempt. Passing through intense artillery and machine gun fire, he carried word 
 to his company commander, but was mortally wounded while returning to his platoon." 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 247 
 
 for the Company advancing between the machine gun firing from the foot of the hill and the 
 Infantry Company above us on the hill. After five of these men had been shot I determined that 
 this was not feasible and started back toward the remainder of the Company, only to find that 
 the Germans had swung down in between myself and the rest of the Company. We were cut off 
 from the Company. The only thing left for us was to head straight up the hill and back into 
 German territory. When we had advanced five or six yards we found that there were Germans 
 all around us. They were shouting to one another and evidently had some idea we were in that 
 vicinity, so we crawled into thick underbrush and lay there all during that day. 
 
 "A little path some fifteen yards away from us evidently led to a German gun position of 
 some sort, for all during the day the Germans were passing and repassing by twos and threes — 
 so close that we could hear what they said. In my party was a sergeant, a corporal and two 
 privates, and after dark we decided that it would be much safer to work back in smaller groups 
 as two or three men would make less noise than would five, so Sergeant Callahan and myself 
 started out working along this little path which led in the general direction of the American lines. 
 It took us from 8 P. M. to 12 P. M. that night to go an eighth of a mile, and we had to be exceed- 
 ingly careful about noise. Every few minutes we would crouch at the side of the path while 
 Germans would go by talking, unconscious of the fact that we were hidden there. Finally, near 
 midnight we came upon an open plain a half mile across, which was more or less illuminated by 
 flares which the Germans were throwing up every few minutes. Directly in front of us were 
 three stretches of barbed wire each about 30 yards wide and protected by machine guns located 
 every few hundred yards. 
 
 "After a short rest we started working through this barbed wire — our progress being neces- 
 sarily slow as every time a flare went up we would have to stand perfectly rigid until it had died 
 out. They fired frequently with machine guns — searching the wire for any enemy that might 
 be there, but as luck would have it we got through safely and crawled across the open plain to 
 our own posts. 
 
 "On arriving in the American line I reported and then went to the rear to have my finger 
 dressed and got a shot of anti-tetanus. Four or five days later the " Lost Battalion" was reUeved. 
 The survivors certainly presented a hideous spectacle, due to lack of food and medical attention. 
 I was then assigned to command of F Company and went forward again working in reserve." 
 
248 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER LXXI 
 LOST BATTALION'S DEAD STILL HOLD THE POSITION 
 
 THE four or five days intervening, between the time Lieutenant Wilhelm got tlirough and 
 the "Lost Battalion" was finally reached by the onward push of the American forces, were 
 bitterly contested days for the men on the hillside. 
 
 George F. Speich, 798 Elk Street, Buffalo, a corporal in K Company, 307th Infantry, fought 
 heroically all that day in the bitter drive against the German line. The Germans were holding 
 at virtually every point as they did on the preceding day. Speich was in the front lines by 
 the side of Eddie Grant, Captain "D" Company, 307th Infantry, a former popular member of 
 the New York baseball team, who was killed the following day. 
 
 Toward evening, the eighty-six members of "K" Company were sent back to the kitchen for 
 mess and then late at night, were returned to the line. Speich says Company K, apparently, 
 hit about the same spot Major Whittlesey had penetrated earlier in the day, for as they fought 
 on through the night they suddenly, as dawn was breaking, came across Whittlesey's Battalion 
 on the slope of a hill near a ravine, and pulled in alongside of them. The men were tired out 
 and laid down for a little nap. They were awakened by shell fire and discovered the Germans were 
 firing at them from all sides and they were really boxed in. 
 
 The first man Speich encountered on the morning of October 2d was William Wright, Company 
 "D", 306th Machine Gun Battalion, another Buffalo boy. As far as he knew they were the 
 only two Buffalo men, apart from Lieutenant Karl Wilhelm, with the "Lost Battalion," although 
 there may have been others. 
 
 Telling his story. Corporal Speich said: "We were on the extreme right flank; the 308th was 
 on the left. The Germans were attacking us mostly with hand grenades and minenwerfer, but 
 we were dug in under a road half way up the hill. That road was swept continuously, as was 
 also the valley below. The side of the hill was thickly wooded and contained, where we dug in, 
 a very heavy brush. We could frequently see the Germans on the hill above us. 
 
 "We had had a good supper the previous night, but did not have any food with us when we 
 broke through and joined up with Whittlesey's Battalion on the morning of the 2d. We found 
 that the 308th, also, was without food. They did not have even a bit of hardtack. We had 
 plenty of rifle ammunition, but were short on hand grenades. Of course, if a fellow was wounded 
 or killed, we would go out at night and take his belt off and use his ammunition. A number of 
 our fellows were wounded on the second of October, the first day that we were in the brush, 
 and it was rather pitiful because we could render them no assistance during the day. At night 
 we would go out and take their canteens, fill them with water from a nearby creek and give them 
 a drink. We could not change their bandages, because we had but two bandages apiece and 
 those were about used up. Our aeroplanes soared over us several times, but they could not see 
 us in the brush, although we could see them. We put out towels to attract their attention, but 
 I never heard whether they located us or not. I do not think they did. On two afternoons, the 
 Germans came after us with liquid fire, but they were too far distant and no one suffered from 
 that attack. Our fellows were gradually going under, however, from shrapnel wounds and exhaus- 
 tion. After three or four days on the hill they began to feel the need of food. I got a slight wound 
 in the leg caused by shrapnel, but was not very badly injured. Some of the boys were in pretty 
 bad shape, a number of them having shrapnel in their backs. Of course, we used our rifles to the 
 best advantage. If we saw a movement anywhere in range we would take a crack at it, primarily 
 however, to keep them off us rather than with any hope of inflicting very serious damage. 
 
 "The night we went in we had eighty-six men in the company, but when the relief finally 
 showed up on October 7th there were but forty-two men able to go on. The relief battalion of 
 the 307th, the first to get there, came up to us on the night of the 7th, but the fellows who came 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 249 
 
 up had only their iron rations and they gave that to those who were most seriously wounded 
 and in greatest need of sustenance. The next morning, however, they brought up coffee, jam 
 and bread, and we had a regular feast. They had a large number of ambulances and took out 
 the seriously wounded first. The ambulances were busy all day taking the men away. I did not 
 get out until about 4 o'clock in the afternoon. You can appreciate the suffering of some of the 
 wounded who had lain there for five and six days with nothing to eat. I went to Base Hospital 
 No. 15 at Chaumont, but I was all right in a short time and got back again with the regiment 
 for the final drive." 
 
 Private Wright was not seriously hurt, but suffered severely for the want of food and from 
 exposure and continuous watching. Being a member of the machine gun battalion, he was out 
 firing until all of their ammunition was gone. 
 
 He left Buffalo in February, 1918, and went overseas with the 77th Division. 
 
 The 77th Division had been in traps before; in fact, had just previously got out of one and 
 were far from being unfamiliar with such situations. Whittlesey's men, as Speich's story shows 
 had settled themselves in a small wooded patch on the side of the hill where Lieutenant Wil- 
 helm had left them. The German artillery opened fire the morning after their arrival, but the 
 shells failed to reach. They whizzed over the hill and over the heads of the American soldiers 
 near its crest. A trench mortar battery was doing more effective work. A detachment sent back 
 to stop it was raked with a withering machine gun fire which compelled retirement. 
 
 Captain McMurtry was convinced that Lieutenant Wilhelm had been killed in his effort to 
 reach the back area. The Battalion, however, had no intention of going backward. 
 
 The German artillery fire had opened on the morning of October 2d, but its failure to reach 
 them satisfied the leaders of the Battalion that they had nothing to fear up in front ; accordingly 
 they prepared to hold their position until the balance of the Division came through. 
 
 Not realizing how widely scattered were the forces behind them, nor what difficulties the small 
 detachments were encountering in their endeavor to break through the German line, they expected 
 help to arrive the following day. Several German attempts during the night to close in on the 
 Americans were met by a machine gun and rifle fire that withered up the attacking party, and 
 the Boche left many of their men on the hillside. 
 
 Each day after that was much like the preceding one, except that the situation gradually grew 
 worse. The American wounded were without proper attention, and the pangs of hunger added 
 a new element of danger. By Sunday, October 6th, Whittlesey's force, originally close to 700 
 men, had been reduced to less than 300. Both machine gun officers. Lieutenants Noon and Peabody 
 were killed that day; only one machine gun out of nine was still working and ammunition was 
 almost gone. 
 
 Monday, October 7, saw the soul crisis of the "Lost Battahon. " From none of the men had 
 come a suggestion of surrender. The subtle temptation now came from the enemy. In the morn- 
 ing a patrol of nine, went into the woods to try to recover a food parcel dropped by one of our 
 aeroplanes. Outnumbered and overpowered by a German outpost, five were killed, four wounded 
 and taken prisoner. 
 
 One of these was sent back to the Battalion with a note from the German commanding officer, 
 reading : 
 
 " Sir: The bearer of this present has been taken prisoner by us. He refused to give the German Intelligence officer 
 any answer to his question, and is quite an honorable fellow, doing honor to his fatherland in the strictest sense of 
 the word. 
 
 "He has been charged against his will, believing that he is doing wrong to his country, to carry forward this present 
 letter to the officer in charge of the battalion of the 77th Division with the purpose to recommend the commander 
 to surrender with his forces, as it would be quite useless to resist any more, in view of the present conditions. 
 
 "The suffering of your wounded men can be heard over here in the German lines and we are appealing to your 
 humane sentiments to stop. A white flag shown by one of your men will tell us that you agree with these conditions. 
 Please treat the bearer as an honorable man. He is quite a soldier." 
 
 Major Whittlesey, Captain McMurtry and Captain Holderman read the note in turn. Major 
 
250 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Montfaucon 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 251 
 
 Whittlesey ordered the two white panels, spread on the ground for the purpose of attracting the 
 attention of American aeroplanes, to be removed, so that not even a suspicion of a white flag 
 of surrender might show on that hillside. 
 
 The news of the German note, tempting the "Lost Battalion" to surrender, quickly spread 
 among the men; but not a man was in favor of it. Prostrate on the ground, in many cases too 
 weak from hunger to stir, they had life and spirit enough left in them to call to the Boche to 
 "come over and get us," amplified with other choice epithets, "Tell them to go to hell!" being 
 the mildest of these. 
 
 In the evening unmistakable American rifle and machine gun fire, unmistakably coming their 
 way, sounded like sweet music in the ears of the "Lost Battalion." But they had to put up 
 one last and hardest fight before the approaching relief became effective. The Germans tried 
 a final farewell desperate assault, this time with liquid fire. But, like all their innumerable attacks 
 before, this one, too, was frustrated by the survivors of the " Lost Battalion, " and as the last Ger- 
 mans were beaten back and disappeared, men of the 307th Infantry were coming up on the right 
 while patrols of the 308th were reported advancing from the south. The agony of the "Lost Bat- 
 talion" was over. On the morning of October 8th, 252 survivors of the original 679 returned 
 from the "pocket," leaving the dead to hold the position. 
 
 Corporal Vincent V. Zielinski, Company I, 306th Infantry, who had figured in the release of 
 the Lost Battalion in the Argonne performed an act of greater heroism at St. Juvin in the 
 approach to Grand Pre on October 15th. The official citation says: 
 
 "Corporal Vincent V. Zielinski, I Company, 306 Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action at Saint Juvin, France, on October 15, 1918. 
 Corporal Zielinski volunteered and carried a message of vital importance in connection with the capture of Saint Juvin through an intense 
 artillery barrage, displaying courage and persistent devotion to duty. Home address, Mrs. Eva Zielinski, Mother, No. 112 Gorski Street, 
 Buffalo, N. Y." 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 253 
 
 CHAPTER LXXII 
 BUFFALO ARTILLERYMEN WRECK FORGES ON THE MEUSE 
 
 ONE Battery of the good old 65th Regiment, now converted into the 106th Field Artillery, 
 got into action on the St. Mihiel front, but the regiment did not get its real christening 
 until the Meuse-Argonne Offensive began. Through the latter part of September they were, 
 however, gradually working their way up to the front lines. On the day the Marines drove the 
 Boche out of the top of Belleau Wood, Buffalo's old "standby" landed in France. It was June 
 18th, 1918. Their port of entry was St. Nazaire. They had crossed the Atlantic on the " Matsonia". 
 
 Colonel Hines, who had been in command of the regiment at Spartanburg, did not make the 
 trip across, Lieutenant-Colonel John D. Rowland, being in command on the trip. Shortly after 
 arriving at the training camp in France, however, Lieutenant-Colonel Howland was succeeded 
 by Colonel Emery T. Smith as commanding officer; and shortly thereafter detached entirely 
 from the regiment. Lieutenant Henri Berteaux, a representative of the French Army, was assigned 
 as Haison officer. The French Lieutenant became popular with the men and officers of the regi- 
 ment and his experience and help were a constant factor in the development of the efficiency of 
 the regiment, during the training period of July and August. 
 
 On the 6th and 7th of September, the regiment left its training camp and headed up toward 
 the St. Mihiel front, where Battery "A," Captain Burkhardt, commanding, got into action for 
 a short time at Balencourt. 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel John T. Delaney of New York City had been designated as second in 
 command of the regiment, when Lieutenant-Colonel Howland was detached, and Lieutenant 
 Colonel Verbeck of Manlius, N. Y. was also added to the Staff. Major Louis H. Eller and Major 
 Bradley Goodyear were the ranking Buffalo officers of the regiment. Major Eller had served 
 many years with the old guard in its State militia days, while Major Goodyear was comparatively 
 a new comer in the ranks. In the early period of the war, when Buffalo was not thoroughly aroused 
 to the importance of the struggle overseas, Mr. Goodyear was one of the men who gave his time 
 and money and best thought to the preparedness movement and, as evidence of his willingness 
 to serve, enlisted in the 65th Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y. 
 
 The Buffalo Captains in the Regiment included Patrick J. Keeler, a Judge of the City Court; 
 Chauncey J. Hamlin, lawyer, clubman, and like Goodyear and Keeler, an earnest worker in the 
 development of the Buffalo regiment in the days when the people did not believe war possible; 
 Walter D. Parlour, Harry L. Gilchriese, John C. Grabau, Medical; Howard H. Burkhardt, 
 George Toomey, John J. Curtin, William F. Schohl, Williamsville; Lieutenants, Douglas P. 
 Walker, Edwin S. Burrows, Marvin W. Marcus, Joseph R. Hess and Carleton B. Briggs, Lancaster. 
 
 Captain Harry Gilchriese writing from Verdun, tells the story of the activities of the old Regi- 
 ment as it passed from the St. Mihiel front and entered into its arduous task in the Meuse-Argonne 
 offensive : 
 
 "Moving forward we arrived at our new position at noon on September 20th. And where do 
 you think it was? Exactly on the southern slope of the famous Mort Homme (Dead Man's 
 Hill), a hill on which we are told more lives were lost in one battle than in our entire civil war. 
 
 "A cautious reconnaissance on the crest of the hill gave us a beautiful view of the country 
 held by the Hun from the Argonne to the northwest around to the river Meuse on our east. Directly 
 below us lay our own infantry lines and across the shell-torn ravine of Raffincourt were the Ger- 
 man front lines. The Bois de Forges which was soon to be our objective loomed up as an insur- 
 mountable barrier to the heights beyond. Where once had stood a prosperous little village, the 
 remains of Bethincourt, marked the center of No Man's Land. There is nothing impressive 
 about a battlefield. It is the most desolate looking thing imaginable. Not a sign of life, not a 
 creature stirring. It was a beautiful day, but even the birds had long since evacuated. 
 
254 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 "But behind the hill, screened from enemy eyes, one received an awful shock, by contrast. 
 Soldiers and officers were moving about everywhere, with instruments, plotting boards and chains. 
 The unmilitary observer would think the army had suddenly turned to survejdng or some such 
 peaceful pursuit. Those countless men were the advance detachments of the hundreds of batteries 
 that were to be in within the next few days. They were laying out traverses, orienting lines and 
 locating positions on the map for the computations necessary for the artillery. Good Lord, what 
 a hot time was in store for Jerry ! 
 
 "That night it rained. We knew in advance it was going to rain, because our batteries were 
 coming forward. We had selected as a command post a dugout thirty feet under ground, damp 
 and unventilated, but, as subsequent events proved, quite worth the discomfort. The next 
 several days the artillery literally swarmed around the section. Dead Man's Hill became the 
 most lively of places. Batteries of all calibres, from 75's to 220's appeared as if by magic. When 
 one woke up in the morning there would be another battery crowding in beside you. There never 
 had been such a concentration of artillery in one sector before. Even the French were astounded. 
 We were now with the 3d Army Corps, U. S. and a part of the First Army. 
 
 "For the next four days everyone worked feverishly, under camouflage by day and in the open 
 by night. Ammunition was hauled up the hill by hand; emplacements had to be widened, and 
 cover had to be constructed for the personnel of the guns. Never a shot was fired. We had no 
 orders, but everyone knew what was coming, and everyone worked with his utmost speed and 
 energy, and each night found a new regiment moving in. Then the infantry began to move up 
 and we sat tight waiting for the order. When a hostile plane flew over during the day, the hill 
 presented an aspect as dead as its name. As soon as it had been driven off the ravines and sur- 
 rounding hills were seething with activity. It was amusing as well as interesting to see the way 
 the game was being played. 
 
 "And then, at 10 o'clock on the night of September 25th, the captains were assembled in 
 the Colonel's quarters. We were told that H hour would be at 5.00 o'clock on the following morn- 
 ing; that we would begin firing at 3.00 o'clock and fire until H hour; that the back areas would 
 be smothered by our "Heavies" during the night; that the infantry would go over at H hour. 
 Of course we had been given our objectives several days before. Intent on our several missions 
 we started back for our command posts. The night was as quiet as usual, not even the rattle of 
 a machine gun broke its death-like stillness. We looked at our watches, having just synchronized 
 them with the Commanding Officer. It was two minutes to eleven. We waited. At exactly 
 eleven o'clock a terrific bombardment from our rear was begun. The distinct booming, followed 
 by the screeching of the heavy projectiles as they passed us en route, became more and more 
 intense. The G. P. F.s and Longs had begun the party on schedule time. From then on one 
 could not hear himself talk, and the medium and light guns had not begun. All night long this 
 serenade was kept up. 
 
 "From 1.00 o'clock we "stood to." At 3.00 o'clock a shell went through the store room just 
 above us, calibre 150, and blew up a box of "gold fish." At 4.00 A. M. we worked in gas masks 
 for fifteen minutes. At 5.00 another shell blew our wireless aerials skyward. 
 
 " That afternoon I was sent forward to reconnoiter for new observing stations nearer the retreat- 
 ing Hun lines as they had passed beyond the range of our present observatories. I passed hundreds 
 of prisoners being returned from the attack. The dead of course had not yet been removed and 
 some grewsome sights were presented to the unaccustomed eye. Happily the American dead 
 were far outnumbered by the Boche. In fact we lost very few men in the attack, as the artillery 
 preparation was perfect. The Hun prisoners were absolutely terrified, pounded into complete sub- 
 mission, by that tremendous demonstration. Our Infantry crossed the Forges Brook, mopped up the 
 Bois de Forges, which had so long menaced their positions, took several small towns and brought 
 up on the west bank of the Meuse, which seemed to be an insurmountable barrier. As I gazed 
 upon the smoking, ruined country from the new observing station, the thought came to me, as 
 it has come to thousands of others, that the Hun must be paid in full for the havoc he wrought." 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 255 
 
 CHAPTER LXXIII 
 BREAKING THE GREAT HINDENBURG LINE 
 
 THE attack on the Hindenburg Line really began on the 25th of September, when word was 
 passed to Colonel William B. Taylor that his regiment, the 106th Infantry, the old 14th 
 and 23d of Brooklyn, had been chosen to start the big drive. The night of September 26th 
 found the regiment moving along shell swept roads and passing through villages which were the 
 last word in desolation and ruin, and arriving at its appointed position about mid-day. It was 
 necessary that they begin to work and work fast, because orders which they had received said 
 that the men must get into position at 4 .00 A. M. It was hazy, the fog beginning to rise about 2 .00 
 A. M. The zero hour was set for between 4.00 and 5.00 A.M. and word came that the barrage would 
 last about thirty minutes, after which the infantry would begin to advance. The other regiments 
 moved up on the 27th and got into position on the night of the 28th. The attack on the 29th was 
 opened by the artillery at 5.50 A. M. and they pounded away for fifteen minutes with a terrific fire. 
 Then the tanks began to move out. It was dawn and fairly bright. Suddenly as the tanks began to 
 mount what was known as Guillemont Farm, there was a flash of flame followed by a gigantic crash 
 as the mines exploded, one after another, until nine of the tanks were removed from the battle line. 
 Other tanks were smashed by direct hits from the big German guns. In all sixteen of the forty-five 
 tanks that moved out that morning were destroyed in the first fifteen minutes. It was a sickening 
 feeling that came to the Buffalo men when they saw that fearful accident, for they felt that inside of 
 the tanks they would find nothing but the charred remains of those who had formed their crews. 
 One of the Buffalo boys in the tank brigade that moved out that morning was Sergeant Frank 
 J. Williams, Jr., Company "C", 301st Battalion Tank Corps. Sergeant Williams was the only 
 Buffalo man attached to that tank battalion. In fact, as far as is known, he was the only Buffalo 
 man serving in the big tanks. They had what was known as a "Mark 5" battle tank, and were 
 headed for the Knoll. They had been in action for about ten minutes when their tank was hit 
 by a 5.9 shell, a direct hit. Six men in the tank were killed, the others badly wounded. Williams 
 himself was terribly lacerated and it was feared for a long while that he would not recover. 
 The following citation will serve to give some idea of his service: 
 
 "Sergeant Frank J. Williams, Jr., Company C, 301st Battalion Tank Corps, is recommended for the award of the Distinguished Service Cross 
 in view of his conduct in action as noted below: 
 
 " (a) September 29th, 1918, from 5.50 A. M. to 11.00 P. M. 
 
 " {b) East of Ronssoy Map 'Etaves' location F-12-c. 
 
 " (c) The attack was directed against the Hindenburg line in front of Le Catelet. It was made by the 27th Division American E. F. supported 
 by 301st Battalion Tank Corps. 
 
 " (d) The operation was the assault upon the trench system east of Ronssoy. 
 
 " (f) Sergeant Williams was in a tank under the command of Lieutenant H. E. Potter when it was put out of action by a direct hit from enemy 
 artillery. Every one in the tank was either killed or disabled by wounds. Lieutenant Potter was temporarily blinded and was badly injured, and 
 Sergeant Williams, although seriously wounded, himself, assisted in dressing his wounds. He then remained with Lieutenant Potter all day 
 attending to his wounds while under heavy tire from an enemy trench that lay between them and our first line. When it became dark he assisted 
 the Lieutenant back through the German position to our lines. If it had not been for the attention that Lieutenant Potter received he would 
 probably have died from loss of blood and he would certainly have been taken prisoner as he was helpless. 
 
 "(/) These facts came under the observation and have been verified by a verbal report from Sergeant Charles E. Kaufman of Company C 
 301st Battalion Tank Corps, and the attached affidavit of Lieutenant H. E. Potter. 
 
 "l<7) Nearest relative Frank J. Williams, 261 Parkdale Avenue, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 " Ih) I am of the opinion that Sergeant Frank .1. Williams, Jr., Company C, 301st Battalion Tank Corps, has distinguished himself by his extra- 
 ordinary heroism in connection with the above military operation to an extent that justified the award recommended." 
 
 Sergeant Williams was still badly crippled at the time he was returned to Buffalo after his 
 discharge from the service. 
 
 The Hindenburg offensive proved to be one of the most notable battles in which the American 
 forces participated in France, and is particularly interesting to Buffalonians became of the large 
 number of Buffalo men engaged. 
 
 The series of operations by the British and French between July and November, 1916, com- 
 monly called the battle of the Somme, so weakened the German front between Arras and Peronne 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 257 
 
 that the German staff found it necessary to establish a new line from six to eight miles to the 
 rear. It was constructed during the winter of 1916-1917 by the labor of prisoners and of French 
 and Belgian civiHans. This was called the Hindenburg Line. It ran from the region of Queant in 
 a southeasterly direction, passing three or four miles southeast of Cambrai and directly east of 
 Saint Quentin, to La Fere and the Oise River. Roughly the entire German defense line for 1917 
 and 1918 came to be called the Hindenburg Line, but the portion described was the Hindenburg 
 Line proper. It consisted of an elaborate series of deep trenches, protected by barb-wire entangle- 
 ments and detached cement forts for machine guns, called by the soldiers "pill-boxes." In addi- 
 tion, the Germans completely devastated the country from which they retired, destroying all 
 villages and farms, cutting down trees and poisoning wells in order to make it as difficult as possible 
 for the pursuing Allied armies to live in the abandoned country. This region had been cleared 
 up by the British to the extent of rebuilding the roads and bridges and reopening water supplies 
 by 1918; but in general the Hindenburg Line may be described as the most formidable system 
 of trenches German ingenuity could contrive, facing an artificial desert, six to eight miles wide. 
 
 The portion of the Hindenburg Line with which the 27th Division was concerned ran from the 
 region of Le Catelet south to Nauroy, a distance of about four miles. Here the basis of the Hinden- 
 burg system was the Saint Quentin canal. Emptied of water, the canal made a wide and deep 
 trench where thousands of men could be massed, secure from anything but direct hits by high- 
 angle guns. At one place the canal tunneled through a hill and here the German troops were 
 absolutely protected. Canal boats drawn into the tunnel gave them good housing, and no shells 
 could reach them. 
 
 In front, or west, of the canal the country for a width of one to two miles was seamed with 
 infantry trenches, covered with machine-gun forts and obstructed by mazes of barbed wire. 
 These obstacles had to be overcome before the canal itself, with its masses of German reserves 
 and well-hidden artillery, could be reached, while still farther to the east were the long-range 
 batteries from which high-explosive shells could be poured, not only on the attacking troops, 
 but on their reserves and supplies miles in the rear. 
 
 Ronssoy was the principal point where the 27th struck the outworks of the Hindenburg Line, 
 Bony, Gouy and Nauroy are the chief villages on the line itself in the sector through which the 
 Buffalo regiment and associates were to make their drive. 
 
 On September 26th the Meuse-Argonne offensive had started with an artillery crash, the 
 greatest ever recorded in history. The doughboys said the guns were "hub to hub" and 2,700 
 of them were firing. 
 
 On the same day the 106th Infantry of the 27th Division went forward to straighten out the 
 line for the attack on Bony and the Hindenburg entrenchments. It was found necessary to take 
 the outer defenses to prepare the way for the main attack scheduled for September 29th. General 
 O'Ryan would have preferred to send his entire division in to clean up those defenses, consist- 
 ing of the Knoll, Guillemont Farm and Quennemont Farm but General Rawlinson said they 
 could not afford to have an entire division cut up before the main attack, and the 106th Infantry 
 was sent in to do the job alone. They started at daybreak September 27th. The battle was 
 terrific all day. 
 
 Early on the morning of the 27th the 108th Infantry under orders from the Division Commander 
 left their bivouac at Tincourt on a forced march along a railroad track to the front. No trains 
 ran east of Tincourt. They camped that night on the side of a hill near Longavesnes and 
 Villers-Faucon just back of the battle area. They had a march of about nine miles, and as they 
 tramped along the road in the afternoon, the ambulances began to rattle back. Soon they met 
 members of the 106th Infantry trudging back, some holding their arms with pain, another with 
 a finger shot away, another gassed; these were the wreckage of the fight for the Knoll, or 
 rather that part of the wreckage still able to make headway "under their own steam." 
 
 " It's hell up there, " they told the Buffalo boys as they passed them on the road, but the "apple 
 knockers" just took a tighter grip on their rifles and stepped out a little livelier than before. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 259 
 
 The 106th Regiment had gone over at 5.30 A. M. behind a barrage, but met stubborn resist- 
 ance along the entire Une and they had to fight every yard of the way. In spite of this, however, 
 the Knoll, Guillemont Farm and Quennemont Farm were taken. Enfilading fire from the left 
 made the position on the Knoll a veritable hell. The enemy counter-attacked and fought desper- 
 ately in an attempt to recapture the heights. 
 
 At 4 o'clock in the afternoon word was received that the Americans had been forced to with- 
 draw. The New Yorkers quickly reorganized their line, however, and at 5 P. M. had regained 
 possession of the Knoll in one of the bloodiest engagements of the war. Heavy fighting con- 
 tinued throughout the entire day in and about Guillemont and Quennemont Farms, where isolated 
 pockets of enemy machine gun nests fired into our lines from all sides, many of the enemy coming 
 up in the rear of our troops through underground passages. 
 
 During this preliminary engagement three officers and 250 Germans of other ranks were cap- 
 tured. A reconnaissance of the battle ground made after the fight showed that a large number of 
 enemy dead were in the trenches, which was eloquent proof of the sanguinary character of the 
 fighting. The number of German dead near the Knoll was enormous. 
 
 Orders were dispatched to the Commanders of the 107th and 108th to relieve the 106th. Colonel 
 Jennings' report of the operations of the 108th put in civilian language follows: From bivouac 
 camp September 27th, on Ronssoy via Aizecourt, a march of about eight and a half miles. 
 Bivouac was made just west of Templeaux Le Geurard on the afternoon of September 27th. 
 Under above orders a representative of each company and battalion scout section reported 
 at the 106th Infantry headquarters. It was impossible to arrange the details of relief at the time 
 owing to the disorganized conditions existing in the line taken over. Routes were reconnoitered 
 and all possible information gathered as to the location of units and headquarters which were to 
 be relieved. 
 
 At 2 A. M. September 28th, the march of the 108th Regiment was resumed, with the exception 
 of the 1st Battalion and one platoon of the machine gun company which later were acting in sup- 
 port. The march into the front line positions was approximately six miles, and was accomplished 
 while roads traversed were under enemy shell fire, including high explosives, mustard gas and 
 machine guns. A few casualties from shell fire resulted in the regiment. 
 
 The 2d Battalion, plus one platoon from the machine gun company, one 37mm cannon sec- 
 tion, and two trench mortar sections, moved into position via Ronssoy-Hargicourt Road, and 
 Templeaux Switch Line, occupying trench lines. The 3d Battalion plus two sections 37mm 
 cannon and four trench mortar sections, and one platoon from the machine gun company took 
 position via the Ronssoy-Guillemont Road to Duncan Post. No representatives of the 106th 
 Infantry being present to define the position, it was daylight before a complete occupation of 
 the line could be made and contact gained on the flanks. This battalion suffered considerable 
 from machine gun fire during the above period and several casualties resulted. Regimental Head- 
 quarters was established in a double entrance dug-out, and the Regimental First Aid Post estab- 
 lished about twenty yards from Regimental Headquarters in a dug-out which had a connecting 
 passage to Headquarters. Immediately after the Regimental Sector was established combat 
 patrols were sent out to gain contact if possible with detachments of the 106th Infantry which 
 were holding isolated positions forward of the 108th lines. One officer and seven enUsted men 
 of the 106th Infantry, all of whom were wounded, were picked up by an 108th patrol. Those 
 patrols were strengthened during the day by order of higher command and an attempt was made 
 to secure the line which had been the objective of the 106th Infantry, in their attack of September 
 27th. During the whole day of September 28th visibiKty was fair, it rained during the morning. 
 The front line trenches were subject to considerable machine gun fire and the roads used by 
 transports subject to shell fire all day, both high velocity and high explosive shells being used. 
 Wire communications between Regimental and both Battalion Headquarters were frequently 
 interrupted by hostile shell fire and it was necessary to use extra runners during the repairs of 
 these communication lines. (Paul Bowen, a seventeen year old Buffalo boy, son of the managing 
 
260 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Editor of the Buffalo Times, was one of the runners that day between Division and Regimental 
 headquarters. 
 
 A conference of battaUon commanders was held about 6 P. M., September 28th, at which final 
 arrangements were made for pegging and taping the departure line for the morning attack, zero 
 hour was announced, supplies and ammunition checked, and a discussion held in regard to the 
 timing, interval, distance, etc. of the barrage. Runners were sent out to inform the commanding 
 officer of the 1st Battalion to take position. In the preparation for the morning attack all non- 
 commissioned officers of each unit were informed of the attack to be made and were given detailed 
 instructions as to the position of the departure Hne, etc. 
 
 Owing to a persistent impression that remnants of the 106th Infantry were in No Man's Land 
 along the lOSth's front, it was considered necessary to fix the barrage to start at a point about 
 1,000 yards in advance of the line of departure. It is agreed by all observers that this great dis- 
 tance between troops and barrage was in a large measure responsible for the severe punishment 
 received by the first waves of the 108th; this because there were many enemy machine gun 
 nests and outposts in the dead space between the lOSth's troops and the barrage. Also, because 
 the enemy opposition had too much time to reorganize after the passing of the barrage. 
 
 The 2d Battalion, 108th Infantry, encountered early resistance in the form of machine gun 
 nests, which were broken up by outflanking and the use of hand grenades and rifle fire. The 
 advance was then continued with little resistance until the remaining troops arrived at the first 
 wire entanglements of the Hindenburg Line. 
 
 At that point they met the full resistance of a fortified position such as the world had never 
 known. However, by desperate fighting and on account of the fact that their tremendous barrage 
 had opened devious ways through acres of barbed wire, portions of the 2d Battalion were able to 
 establish themselves in the Main Hindenburg System. The position was held against severe counter 
 attacks and enfilading artillery and machine gun fire from the direction of Bony, until reinforced by 
 troops of the 2d Australian Division at 10.30 A. M., after which our troops, aided by the Australians, 
 succeeded in cleaning up many enemy machine gun nests in that vicinity. Late in the afternoon 
 the Battalion moved to the rear to reconsolidate on the original line and act as reserve. 
 
 The 3d Battalion met strong resistance in the Guillemont Trench and Guillemont Farm after 
 jumping off, and under difficulty went over the top in good order, being organized and main- 
 taining intervals between waves of 20 or 40 yards. The first wave was so cut up between this 
 position and Claymore Valley by hostile machine gun fire and the enemy counter barrage that 
 only a small portion were able to penetrate into Dirk Valley where they took cover in a sunken 
 road directly in front of Bony. At that point they were also subject to such terrific fire from 
 both machine gun and artillery that further advance was impossible. The situation was relieved 
 by reinforcements from the 3d Australian Division at 5.30 P. M. Our troops aided the Australian 
 troops in cleaning up a few enemy machine gun nests and assembled at 6.30 P. M. to begin their 
 rearward march to reconsolidate on the original line and act as reserve. 
 
 The 1st Support Battalion forming on the departure line immediately took their position as 
 "Moppers Up" for the entire Regimental Sector and followed the advancing waves and support 
 companies of the 2d and 3d BattaHons by approximately 100 yards, raiding several machine gun 
 nests with the aid of hand grenades, and gathering many individual prisoners of war who, under 
 the confusion, became detached from the enemy ranks, as well as other escorted prisoners of war 
 from the other two battalions. These prisoners were sent to the rear under guard and in many 
 cases were used as stretcher bearers for the wounded. It was very difficult to keep platoons organ- 
 ized due to the poor visability and the enemy counter barrage as well as machine gun fire from 
 low flying enemy aeroplanes. Here ends Col. Jennings' report but he does not tell it all. 
 
 Early on the morning of the 29th Corporal John J. Mattews of Company I posted his squad 
 on a point near the sunken road leading to Bony and was walking back when a sniper from con- 
 cealment shot him. Mattews, on the pre\aous day, had mourned the death of Corporal W. A. 
 White of the same company. The two men were close friends. On the 28th of September, White 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 261 
 
 was engaged in straightening out the tape so that the 108th elements would go over unitedly. 
 That night White did not return, and Mattews and some others had searched for him; not find- 
 ing him they came to the conclusion he must have been hit. 
 
 Going over the top the next morning, White's cousin, Corporal Henry Wehrum, found White's 
 body hanging on the wire. While he had been at work the previous day, a high explosive shell 
 burst over him filling him with shrapnel and throwing his body a mass of crushed flesh onto the 
 wire entanglements some distance away. 
 
 Shortly after he heard the news of the finding of White's body, Mattews, too, made the supreme 
 sacrifice. The sniper's bullet was fatal. 
 
 Another Buffalo boy of the 108th, Private Harry Goldie of B Company, was killed early on 
 the day of the Hindenburg Line smash. Goldie had advanced less than 100 yards with his com- 
 pany on the morning of the 29th, when a machine gun bullet went straight through his heart 
 killing him instantly. 
 
 An exceptionally sad occurrence on the 29th of September came in the death of Private Frank 
 A. Malican. Men were falling fast on that eventful morning as the 108th went forward toward 
 its first objectives. The machine guns of the Boche collected a heavy toll of gallant young Amer- 
 icans. Malican, a member of Company A, was hit by a machine gun bullet. When hit his comrades 
 say he made an effort to reach a shell hole but fell. No aid could be given then; it would have 
 been useless, anyway, as MaHcan was mortally hit. A short time after the infantry had passed 
 along, a detachment of the 102d Engineers came forward on a burial mission. They gathered 
 up the bodies — those not blown in fragments^and laid them in rows preparatory to identifica- 
 tion and proper burial under direction of the chaplains. Suddenly a member of the burial party 
 stopped short and bent over a body. 
 
 "God help us!" he said, half cry; half prayer. 
 
 It was Engineer Malican who had stopped and turned pale. In gathering up the dead he 
 had found his brother's body. In a few minutes he recovered his composure; aided tenderly 
 in burying his brother, and then went forward again in the discharge of his duty to his coun- 
 try. 
 
 Captain J. W. Smith of Company I was killed early on the 29th. His company had advanced 
 across No Man's Land. The Captain, having received final instructions, was hurrying forward 
 to join them when he was hit by a shell from a trench mortar. The burying party under Lieu- 
 tenant Elmer Brecht came across his body about noon, and recognized it from a ring and from 
 his tag; his head was missing, blown off. 
 
 The same morning about 10 o'clock Lieutenant Harold Mackay saw Lieutenant Kerr stagger 
 and fall. To render what assistance he could to the wounded officer, and see that he was started 
 back to the first aid station if not mortally wounded, Mackay started across a small strip of 
 open territory to the spot where Kerr fell. Just as he reached the fallen officer, a rifle bullet 
 pierced his heart and he fell across his comrade — dead. 
 
 Boys became men rapidly that terrible morning as the Stars and Stripes went forward. Edward 
 P. Pierce, a brave Buffalo lad, who had carried two or three wounded men into shell holes and 
 laid them out of danger, was finally mortally wounded in the advance. His brave conduct was 
 not unobserved, however, and the following citation was issued : 
 
 "Private (Rrst Class) Edward P. Pierce (deceased). Company D, 108th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Ronssoy, France, 
 September 29, 1918. Private Pierce left shelter, went into an open field under heavy machine gun and shell fire, and dragged a wounded soldier 
 to safety. This courageous soldier was killed while advancing with his company later in the action. Next of kin, George Pierce, lather, Buffalo, 
 N. Y." 
 
 Private Kenneth P. Carter, a regimental runner, worked hard through the 29th, and while 
 traveling through the shell-torn field with machine gun bullets from indirect fire falling around 
 him he had many narrow escapes. 
 
 Again on the 30th he made two trips to the front lines, and, about 7 o'clock in the evening, 
 was making a third. As he was going through the wire he set off a mine which had been planted 
 by the retiring Germans. He was blown high in the air and, of course, instantly killed. 
 
262 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 That night Sergeants John J. Boechat and Sergeant Harvey H. Geier were sent out to locate 
 a dugoixt for regimental headquarters. They finally arrived at a pill box near Quennemont Farm, 
 and when inside examining maps as to a good location for headquarters, the Hun gunners made 
 a direct hit with a howitzer shell, killing them both. 
 
 In his last letter home to his mother, Sergeant Boechat said : "We are on the eve of a big drive 
 and that we will be successful, I am sure. I hope to come through it all right, but if I don't, you will 
 know that I was there at the finish and you will have cause for pride and joy and not sorrow." 
 
 On the morning of September 29th, Raymond McKnight of I Company received a machine 
 gun bullet in the shin, but did not get off the field until evening. He had crawled to the protec- 
 tion of a shell hole, but while laying there gas shells were falling around him and the gas filled up his 
 lungs. As boys were passing him to the front they reported that he was full of smiles and shouted : 
 "Go get 'em." Shortly after he reached the hospital, pneumonia set in and caused his death. 
 
 Private Benjamin Cohen, another Company I boy, who was hit by a sniper bullet, died in the 
 hospital from his wounds. He was in a shell hole getting a bite to eat, when a sniper off on the 
 side of a road got a good aim and the Buffalo boy went down. He died on October 23d. 
 
 Corporal A. Nagowski, on that same day rushed out under machine gun fire and brought a 
 wounded officer into a shell hole. He was hit with a machine gun bullet, but he saved the officer's 
 life. His wound, while severe, was not fatal. 
 
 First Lieutenant Delancey King was cited for extraordinary heroism that day in action near 
 Ronssoy, September 29th. Lieutenant King was wounded early in the engagement, but he con- 
 tinued to lead his men until he received a second wound. His gallantry under shell and machine 
 gun fire, and his disregard for his own safety, furnished a splendid example to all ranks. 
 
 Many Buffalo men other than those the details of whose deaths were related by comrades made 
 the supreme sacrifice — the noblest sacrifice — when they faced the leaden rain across No Man's 
 Land that day; others died of wounds, and more than a hundred Buffalo men were severely 
 though not fatally wounded in that victorous drive. Until the blow arrived, however, they con- 
 tributed immeasurably and valiantly to the crushing of the Hindenburg denfenses, and, when 
 they fell, they fell facing forward. 
 
 Many Buffalo boys won high honors in the Hindenburg battle. One was Private Harold L. 
 Shipman of Company B, 108th Infantry. His comrades say that if Shipman had a few more 
 days he would have licked the German Army alone. His citation tells the whole story: 
 
 "Private Harold L. Shipman, Company B, 108th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action east of Ronssoy, France, September 29, 
 1918. During the operations against the Hindenburg line. Private Shipman, a Lewis gunner, exhibited great courage and dash when a party 
 of about 40 German prisoners seeing their guards killed by German snipers while going to the rear, seized rifles and opened fire on the Americans. 
 Private Shipman rushed forward with his Lewis gun and put the entire group out of action. During the engagement he also silenced three enemy 
 machine gun positions. Home address, Louise Shipman, mother. No. 60 Laforce Place, Buffalo, N. Y.' 
 
 Sergeant John N. Bilitski, Company A, is one of the men of the old 74th who fought 
 with the 108th in the attack on the Hindenburg Line, and won the admiration of the men of 
 the regiment as well as the commendation of the regimental and division officers. He returned 
 bearing a distinguished service cross. 
 
 In a letter to his mother Bilitski said: "Mother, I was chasing them dirty Boche all over No 
 Man's Land when I got a little hurt. It is not much." 
 
 He was cited for "extraordinary heroism in action," and every man in his company said he 
 deserved all that could be said for him. His citation reads: 
 
 "Sergeant John N. F. Bilitski, Company A, 108th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action east of Ronssoy, France, September 29, 
 1918. During the operations against the Hindenburg Line, Sergeant Billitski, although twice wounded, refused to leave the field, but remained 
 with his platoon, exhibiting magnificent courage and bravery until he was wounded a third time. Home address, Mrs. Florence Bilitski, wife. 
 No. 21 Giga Place, Buffalo, N. Y." 
 
 Sergeant Edward Duncan, A Company, picked up many of the Buffalo boys who were falling 
 on the 29th as they approached the Hindenburg defenses. Like Lieutenant Mackay he risked 
 his own life repeatedly to aid some companion who had fallen. Mackay met death while so engaged, 
 but Duncan was in luck and escaped. He never tired, however, and kept his men going forward, 
 while he aided the wounded when they fell. On two occasions that day he found his lines so 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 263 
 
 depleted from injuries that he was forced to reorganize the squads, which he did in an effective 
 way, and proved one of the valued leaders in taking the regiment up to and beyond their objec- 
 tives. For his work that day he was cited for bravery. His citation reads: 
 
 "First Sergeant Edward A. Duncan, Company A, 108th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action east of Ronnsoy, France, on Sep- 
 tember 29, 1918. During the operations against the Hindenburg Line, Sergeant Duncan displayed great gallantry and courage by going forward 
 under heavy shell and machine gun fire and bandaging the wounded and bringing them back to our lines. Throughout the engagement he exhib- 
 ited a fearless disregard of the enemy's fire and performed valuable service by organizing new squads when his company was suffering heavy casu- 
 alties as a result of shell and machine gun fire. Home address: Mrs. Ellen Duncan, No. 681 McKinley Parkway, Buffalo, N. Y." 
 
 During the morning of September 29th from the hour that the Australian artillery put up the 
 barrage until the early part of the afternoon virtually all means of wire communications were 
 interrupted by hostile shell fire. Visual signaling was not practical with the forward positions 
 because of the dense fog that hung close to the ground. It was therefore necessary to rely on the 
 runners for message service. 
 
 The tanks assigned to the 108th in that attack were put out of action shortly after zero hour 
 (5.30 A. M.) as it afterwards proved they were good targets on the skyline for the enemy artillery; 
 almost no assistance in wiping out machine gun nests was rendered by the tanks. 
 
 Two companies of the 108th, one under Second Lieutenant Samuel A. Brown, Jr., of James- 
 town were the first to reach the Hindenburg trenches. The 30th Division on the right had gained 
 its objectives, but on the left the English 17th Division was stopped, leaving the left flank of 
 the 107th Infantry (27th Division) exposed and causing the line to stretch diagonally across the 
 front. The 107th was subjected to a furious bombardment from artillery and machine guns in 
 Vanhuille, which village had not been taken. On the following day an Irish Division was put 
 in and this town taken, two battalions of the 105th were put in to assist the 107th and the Divi- 
 sion gained its objectives. 
 
 Though the 108th Regiment had fought a terrific battle over a bitterly contested field from 
 early morning, they were not ready to rest when the Hindenburg Line was pierced. 
 
 At 5.30 P. M. a runner came forward with an order reading : "Objective reached. Rest." 
 
 They sent back word: "Rest, Hell! Give us a barrage." 
 
 And they got a barrage behind which the Hindenburg Line received its final smash. The 
 Americans and Australians had gone through. 
 
 Although, as Col. Jennings in his report says, "The 108th was ordered at 6.30 P. M. to go 
 back in reserve, many members of the 108th, in the confusion and enthusiasm of the occasion, 
 fought on with the Australians for two or three days." 
 
264 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 HEADQUARTERS 27th DIVISION U. S. A. 
 
 American E. F., France, October 22, 1918. 
 From: Commanding General. 
 
 To: Commanding Officer, 108th Infantry, U.S.A. 
 
 Subject: Commendation. 
 
 1. Now that we have inspected the captured defenses of the Hindenburg Line, the magni- 
 tude of the task assigned this division in the attack of September 27th-October 1st becomes 
 even more apparent than it then appeared. In the main attack on September 29th the 108th 
 Infantry held the right half of the divisional front of 4,000 yards. The attack was made against 
 what was, probably, the most highly organized system of field defenses ever constructed. 
 That the 108th Infantry, after practically all of the tanks had been put out of action, should 
 have broken through the maze of wire that existed, and in the face of machine guns firing from 
 every trench and nest, lodged one battalion in the main position, now seems an extraordinary 
 feat. That this battalion, having gained the main position, should have captured prisoners 
 equaling in number its own strength at the time, and for two days and nights have withstood 
 bombing attacks and repeated counter attacks supported by artillery, at the same time keeping 
 its prisoners in subjection, is more extraordinary. 
 
 2. The valor of officers and men of the 108th Infantry on that occasion and the determina- 
 tion and accomplishment of the battalion referred to, will furnish regimental history for all 
 time. As one captured German officer said, "If you can break through the tunnel sector of the 
 Hindenburg Line it will be impossible to construct any defenses to stop you." 
 
 3. Since that battle the division has been fighting and marching almost continuously. On 
 the 17th instant the 108th Infantry was one of the two regiments of the division upon which 
 the task was imposed of forcing the crossing of the Le Selle River. In anticipation of this 
 attack the regiment was directed to raid the enemy for the purpose of determining his strength 
 and securing identifications of the enemy units opposing them. This raid was brilliantly exe- 
 cuted by Lieutenant Christ R. Fritz and a small detachment of your regiment, which resulted in 
 the capture of over twenty prisoners. On the 17th instant your regiment with the 105th Infantry 
 overcame all of the difficult features of the ground and in the face of heavy machine gun and 
 minenwerfer fire supported by artillery, forced the crossing of the Le Selle River and success- 
 fully assaulted the heights on the other side. 
 
 4. Following this operation the regiment fought almost continuously during the advance 
 of the division and played a prominent part in the capture of Bandival Farm, the town of 
 Arbre Guernon, the farms of Jonc de Mer and La Rue, and the forcing of the enemy beyond 
 the line of the Canal De La Sambre. 
 
 5. The valor of the officers and the men has at all times been exceptional. In spite of the great- 
 est hardships and the continued strain, they have maintained the highest standards of discipline 
 and cheerful determination. The record made by the 108th Infantry during the recent opera- 
 tions would indeed be hard to equal. 
 
 John F. O'Ryan, 
 
 Major-General. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 265 
 
 CHAPTER LXXIV 
 DEATH OF DON MARTIN— A SOLDIER OF THE PEN 
 
 DON Martin, the Buffalo newspaper man, did not send many letters home during the months 
 of August and September. He subsequently explained in a letter to his daughter that he 
 had been working so hard following the American advance that it was difficult for him 
 to obtain time to write personal letters. 
 
 The last letter his little girl received from him was dated the 29th of September, shortly after 
 the Meuse-Argonne offensive began and when the handwriting on the wall foretold the coming 
 of the end. Martin was then leaving for Montfaucon, which was captured September 27th, the 
 day after the American "hop off" on the Meuse-Argonne front. His letter follows: 
 
 "Bar le Due, France, September 29, 1918. 
 
 My Dear Dorothy — I have been chasing around from place to place during the last three weeks and have done 
 nothing much but write, travel and sleep — and of all the writing not a single letter was to you. Well, no one else 
 got any letters from me during that time either. I haven't received any mail from anyone for quite a while, but it 
 is due to the fact that my address has constantly changed and mail has difficulty in finding me. I went from Meaux 
 to Nancy where we had fine headquarters and where the correspondents all had good rooms. I knew it was too nice 
 to last. First thing we knew we were notified to be ready to leave at once for 'somewhere west.' We packed up 
 enough belongings to carry us through four or five days and at night we put off here — one of the quaintest old towns 
 in France. Rooms had been engaged and such rooms as they were! The town is packed full of officers and soldiers 
 and most of the houses are closed because of the frequent air raids of a few months ago. I slept one night in a quaint 
 dingy hotel called the Rose d'Or, but it was too dismal for me. The next day I managed to get a room in the leading 
 hotel of the town — the Metz — which is not such a bad place. I have electric light in my room, but no heat. You have 
 read about the American offensive west of Verdun. That is what we came over here for. I have been all along the line; 
 have seen our boys in action and have seen thousands of German prisoners. Yesterday, I went through part of the 
 Argonne Forest, which is one of the best known forests in France. Germans and Americans are fighting there now. 
 
 "I have been out every day since I arrived here — a week ago — and expect in a little while to start out in an auto- 
 mobile for Montfaucon, a town captured from the Germans day before yesterday. You can look it up on your map. 
 It was a place about as large as Fredonia. 
 
 "The Americans are still fighting all along the line, but it is a queer kind of fighting. The two armies can't see 
 each other. The Germans hide themselves in woods and villages and use machine guns. The Americans sneak up 
 on them the best they can. 
 
 "The war is coming along pretty well. Tell Uncle Rock that. The Germans are on their way home. There is no 
 doubt of it. They will go slow, but they will never make another advance. America has done it by giving the Allies 
 the preponderance of men. Just now, interest centers in Bulgaria. If Bulgaria really gets out of the way it means 
 that Turkey will have to get out also and that Germany's end will be brought much nearer. I have seen thousands 
 of German prisoners lately and know that their morale has lowered. In fact, I think there is just a possibility that the 
 war may end this winter." 
 
 Four days after Don Martin despatched that letter to his daughter he was on his way to Paris 
 a very ill man. He arrived there on Friday, October 4th, and went to the Hotel Crillon where 
 his physician advised him that he needed a rest. Don said he felt seedy and tired. During Satur- 
 day his fever rose to a high point and on Sunday he was taken to the American hospital at Nevilly 
 where he died at twenty minutes past nine on Monday, October 7th, 1918. 
 
 A SOLDIER OF THE PEN 
 
 He took the simple words we use 
 
 And shaped them with his art 
 In wondrous imag'ry to show 
 
 Poor France's bleeding heart. 
 He made us hear beyond the sea 
 
 The roar of flaming guns. 
 And feel the nameless agonies, 
 
 Inflicted by the Huns. 
 
 Enfold him with the starry flag; 
 
 He died in uniform, 
 A stormy petrel of the press 
 
 Who loved the battle storm. 
 Salute him with your lifted swords, 
 
 Ye Allied fighting men, 
 Don Martin was a soldier, too — ■ 
 
 A soldier of the pen. 
 
 — Minna Irving. 
 
266 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Don Martin at Quentin Roosevelt's Grave 
 
 Inscription on left corner was placed by German airmen when they buried Lieut. Roosevelt 
 Large cross erected by American Red Cross 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 267 
 
 Don Martin was 47 years old. Native of Silver Creek, he was in reality a Buffalo man and 
 the distinction he achieved will be listed for all time as the distinction of a Buffalo newspaper 
 man. Somehow or other, when leaving for France he appeared to have a presentiment that 
 possibly he would not come back. It may have been a natural thought which came to every 
 man who embarked for overseas duty. "May be," he said to a Buffalo friend in a sanctum of 
 the paste pot and shears, "May be I won't get through with it, but I hope all the old fellows 
 will think of me as always trying to turn out straight copy. " He took the soldier's risk of bullets 
 and disease to send his paper straight copy. 
 
 Floyd Gibbons, of the Chicago Tribune, who was with Martin at the front has given us an 
 interesting picture of Martin as a war correspondent which will serve to keep the record straight. 
 Gibbons wrote: 
 
 "It is one of the unexplainable tricks of fate that a man of the fearless spirit of Don Martin should die in France 
 in this year of the great war as a victim of disease. 
 
 "Don Martin, when marked for death this year, deserved a soldier's grave on the field of battle. In his death 
 American newspapers lose a capable, conscientious informant, and American journalism suffers the loss of one of 
 its finest exponents. I have ridden the front of France with Don Martin. I have been with him under shell fire and 
 have observed his coolness in advanced positions when withering barrages of indirect machine gun fire speckled the 
 ground close by. 
 
 "One day last May I was in a dugout in a front line playing checkers with Don Martin, when suddenly a terrific 
 concentration of enemy shells landed near by. The ground shook. Loose earth tumbled down from the roof of the 
 shelter, the air trembled and the candle — our only illumination — was extinguished by the blast. By the time I had 
 recovered my breath Don, sitting on a box on the other side of the table, had relighted the candle and I heard him 
 say in his cool, even voice: 'It's your move.' 
 
 "In the first days of June, Don Martin was the last American correspondent to leave Chateau-Thierry as the 
 Germans entered the north side of the town. On July 21st, when the Germans were forced to evacuate Chateau 
 Thierry and subjected it to a terrific long range bombardment, Don Martin rode back into the town with the first 
 American troops. In the fighting along the Marne, the Ourcq and the Vesle, Don Martin daily and nightly followed 
 the American advance, close on the heels of the retreating enemy. He visited the front lines every day and more 
 dangerous than that, he had to run the double risk of transportation on the roads up to the front lines and back. 
 Twice his automobile was damaged beyond repair by shell fire, but these incidents never seemed to prevent him from 
 getting another car and going over the same ground the next day. 
 
 "During the cold and rainy season and the heat of the summer this intrepid journalist braved all kinds of weather 
 to serve his readers. He competed physically with men who possessed much younger bodies, but none that had a 
 younger mind. I have seen him returning at night to the correspondents' headquarters, sometimes with his face 
 pinched with the cold, sometimes soaked to the skin with rain, sometimes covered with the mud of the trenches, 
 sometimes with his face blistered from the sun and the wind and covered with the gray dust of the road — I have 
 seen him return dog weary and tired and forswear his dinner hour in order that he might transmute into despatches, 
 the human news stories that he had gained at first hand along the fronts that day. 
 
 "Don Martin, above all, was human. His pockets were always full of cigarettes when he went into the front line, 
 and always empty when he came out. He liked to talk to our American soldiers like a daddy or a big uncle. In addi- 
 tion to his own work he wrote many times to their fathers and mothers telling them that their sons were alive and 
 in good health. In action he used to take care of our wounded, giving them water or making them more comfortable 
 on the stretchers. When ambulances were scarce he used to transport them in his automobile. 
 
 "Don Martin did more than write about the war, he was living the war and fighting the war every day and minute. 
 He was a real fellow. Of the eighteen original accredited correspondents at the American front, Don Martin, Green 
 and I are the only three who are not on the job to-day. As certainly as I expect to return, so surely do I feel that 
 Don Martin from the spirit land will observe and report from above the triumphant entry of our troops into Berlin. 
 
 "The men who wear the green brassard in France feel deeply the loss of a true comrade." 
 
 Martin's death was mourned throughout the land. The President, Cabinet members. Senators, 
 Judges, the leading representatives of business and the professions down to the humblest in all 
 the walks of life who had come in contact with him paid tribute to his successful career and Buffalo 
 newspapermen may be relied upon to keep green his memory. 
 
268 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER LXXV 
 SINKING OF THE "MARY ALICE" 
 
 In the Rigging of the "Mary Alice," S. P. 397 
 
 turned to the Brooklyn Navy Yard to have the 
 ship put into commission with ceremony. She 
 was then known as S. P. 397 (submarine pa- 
 trol). We took charge of a fleet of Submarine 
 Patrol Chasers and Patrols at White Stone 
 Landing, New York. This was to guard the 
 Hudson from submarines. We continued that 
 work until about the middle of July. Then we 
 were ordered to Bridgeport, Conn., doing con- 
 voy out of New London, Bridgeport and along 
 the Atlantic Coast. W^e would escort convoys 
 to probably 100 or 200 miles out to sea and 
 turn back, leaving the convoys with destroyers 
 and battleships. 
 
 Early in October, 1918, occurred the de- 
 struction of what, in the earlier days, had 
 been one of the best known inland water 
 yachts,— the "Mary Ahce"of Buffalo. The yacht 
 was previously owned by William J. Conners, 
 owner of the Courier and Enquirer. When the 
 Government demand for ships became urgent 
 shortly after the outbreak of the war, the Buf- 
 falo yacht was turned over to the Government 
 and became the "U. S. S. Mary Alice — Sub- 
 marine Patrol No. 397." 
 
 Robert G. Fitzpatrick, first class fireman, of 
 357 North Oak Street, was assigned on Decem- 
 ber 13th to the "Mary Alice" and was aboard 
 the boat when she went down. Speaking of his 
 experiences he said : 
 
 "We spent considerable time at the yard in 
 fitting her out for the high seas and then made 
 a trial trip. On completing our trial trip we re- 
 
 The " Mary AUce" Heading Out to Sea 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 269 
 
 "On October 5th, 1918, we received orders to take the Submarine 0-13, one of the latest 
 of our Government, just completed, out for the final test dive. All the submarines must make 
 these test dives to a depth of 200 feet before the Government will accept them. The sailors 
 who make these test dives are allowed $100.00 for each dive to that depth. 
 
 "The 0-13 had orders to make her final dive and we accompanied her out the Sound and we 
 stopped; the Navy officials boarded the submarine and then returned to our ship and we stood 
 by watching her when she submerged. She made her dive in good shape and in coming up struck 
 us mid-ship, cutting the condenser in two and the ship commenced to settle immediately. The 
 accident happened about 2.02 P. M., and she disappeared at 2.10. It was only possible to launch 
 one of the life boats and the life-belts in the fore part of the ship were beyond reach, so the crew 
 took our life belts in the aft. 
 
 "I could not get up on deck right away because I had to shut off the fires and look after the 
 boiler to prevent her from blowing up. By the time I got up on deck there were no more life 
 belts and the life boat was launched. I looked about for probably a minute and the aft of the 
 boat was high in the air and I decided to jump so as to try to get away from her and clear the 
 suction when she finally went down, I did this and remained in the water for 1 hour 40 minutes 
 in all, with a sea running of about 20 feet. The submarine crew were busy bailing their own boat 
 as her nose was crushed considerably. There were many things floating on the water as is usual 
 when a boat sinks, such as Japanese cots, which are supposed to float many hours. I found how- 
 ever that mine, sank immediately after I tried to get some support from it. I then tried to get 
 on a huge vegetable box and this also sank. Finally I got on a large plank which helped to keep 
 me up. 
 
 "Rear Admiral Gill, an elderly man, was also in the water with several other men. The sub- 
 marine stood by however and succeeded in picking us up, even though the sea was continually 
 covering her and I got hold of one of her lines, and, though continually washed up against her 
 side, we helped to drag the Admiral out of the water. After we were all aboard it took consider- 
 able work to bring the Admiral around. 
 
 "The sub crew took us back to Bridgeport, Conn. On our arrival there we were wrapped in 
 blankets, put in taxicabs and rushed to hospital. The Admiral died four days later of pneumonia 
 and I also had the flu and pneumonia in addition to injuries I received by leaping into the water. 
 I was then taken to Base Hospital 2, Black Rock, Conn. From there I went to the Rupture 
 and Cripple Hospital in New York City. Then back to Brooklyn Navy Hospital and into the 
 Federal Rendezvous where I received my discharge December 31st, 1918, at 8.00 P. M." 
 
270 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER LXXVI 
 77th division BEFORE GRAND PRE 
 
 DESPERATE fighting filled the time of the other units of the 77th Division while the Whittlesey 
 crew was holding its place on the hill far in advance. The Lost Battalion alone had gone 
 through on October 2d. On the 3d the Germans held their line. That Buffalo Draft Division 
 attacked on the left and then on the right. They attacked in the morning and in the afternoon. 
 In an attack by the 2d Battalion of the 305th at 4 o'clock on the afternoon of the 3d more than 
 200 men were lost. The Americans gained some distance each time, but it could be measured 
 by yards. Similarly slight gains were recorded on the 5th and 6th, but on the 7th the German 
 line cracked. The 77th had filled the open spaces of the Argonne with their own and German 
 dead, but proved their calibre as a combat division. They had cleared the northern end of the 
 forest by the 9th of October in the second phase of the drive. 
 
 No little credit for the work through the Argonne must go to the 302d Engineers. A substantial 
 detachment of engineers broke through with the infantry on September 26th, cutting wires, and 
 remained constantly with them in that line of work throughout the entire engagement. The 
 remainder of the regiment repaired roads and repaired and operated for a time a German light 
 railway system, which they found in the forest. This road was used for transporting food and 
 ammunition forward and carrying the wounded back. It was one of the captures made by the 
 77th which proved exceptionally useful. The roads through the forest were very poor, and much 
 difficulty was experienced in getting artillery through. The heavy rains made the roads next to 
 impassable and greatly hindered the Division's progress. 
 
 On the approach to Grand Pre October 14th, the Buffalo boys in the 77th experienced another 
 bad day and left many comrades on the field. The Engineers did as remarkable a piece of work 
 in that effort as was recorded by any engineering force at any time in the struggle. The Boche 
 made his last stand in the second phase of the Argonne offensive at Grand Pre. 
 
 Having located the German defenses, the 302d Engineers were sent out on the 15th of October 
 to construct two bridges across the Aire River in the direction of Grand Pre, working under a 
 heavy fire of high explosive and gas shells. They completed the job, lost a large number of men 
 in the enterprise, made possible the advance of the 77th on the road to Grand Pre, and crowned 
 
 the first phase of their trip through the Ar- 
 gonne with a wonderfully courageous and com- 
 mendable achievement. For their work on that 
 occasion the Engineers received a shower of 
 distinguished service citations. 
 
 Up to that point several Buffalo boys had 
 been killed. Private Robert S. Beyer, 349 Elm- 
 wood Avenue, amember of the "Suicide Club," 
 305th Machine Gun Battalion, was killed while 
 carrying a wounded companion to the dress- 
 ing station. Private Morgan of the 302d En- 
 gineers was killed by a shell which wounded 
 two other Buffalo boys. Sending back word 
 from the hospital Morgan said : " Tell Maroney 
 that I stood it like a Yankee should." The 
 Maroney referred to was his " bunkie, " Private 
 Edward Maroney, 302d Engineers. 
 3sC)/1t ' ' *■ 1 Lieutenant Wertz, Buffalo's first civilian sol- 
 
 302d Engineers Passing Through Buzancy dier Overseas fighting with the First Division, 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 271 
 
 which relieved the 35th on the second day of the battle, was severely injured on October 9th 
 while passing the St. Juvin Road near Sommerance. A machine gun bullet tore through his 
 left lung, came out on his side and imbedded itself in his left arm. It was his second wound. It 
 paralyzed his arm, and ended the war for him, but with a record which will stand as a monu- 
 ment to him, to the old 74th, and to Buffalo for all time. 
 
 During the second phase of the Argonne offensive, the Third Division which had made a wonder- 
 ful record in the battle of the Marne, relieved the 79th Division. Leo Dombrowski, 7th Infantry, 
 who had been in Belleau Wood with the Marines, and whose regiment had backed up the 30th 
 Infantry on that eventful July day when they piled the Boche in the Marne River, was badly 
 wounded by machine gun bullets. 
 
 Arthur Spiess, Meech Avenue, another Buffalo boy in the 7th, fighting with the "Suicide Club," 
 the machine gun company, went down on the 21st of October in a gallant attack. Many months 
 after the signing of the Armistice he was still undergoing treatment, but eventually recovered. 
 He won high commendation from his company and regimental commanders. Writing from the 
 hospital to his mother, sometime after he was wounded, Spiess said : 
 
 "The old bunch of boys who were at Camp Green with me are pretty well shot up. Of the 
 officers of our outfit — they're all gone. Jones was killed in the Argonne, Captain Reaney was 
 killed on July 15th at the Marne, Lieutenant Chickering was killed in the Argonne; I liked 
 "Chick," Oh so well! He was awfully good to me. Fritzell was wounded at the Marne, and 
 McClune, who was made a captain after the rest were gone, was gassed in the Argonne. Lieu- 
 tenant Long was hit in the head on the same day I was hit, and about a minute before. We had 
 to fight like hell that day, for we drove a V into the German line and they came back, nearly 
 surrounding us. They were shooting at us from the front, both sides, and almost to the rear. 
 They sure did mow down our ranks. Long hollered to us as the Germans came rushing out of a 
 bunch of woods to get in a shell hole and open on them. He just got done hollering when he 
 went down. I had the gun and ran for a shell hole about ten feet away when a bullet hit me in 
 the hip, and, a second later, I was hit right in the spine and that floored me. I went down Uke a 
 ton of brick, and it felt as though hot irons were being run through me. I then tried to get up 
 but my legs would not move. The Germans were finally driven back and late that night some 
 of the boys from our company came back and got me. While I laid there the old shells hit all 
 around me, twenty-five or thirty feet away, and the shrapnel would hiss by me with a swish. 
 It sure is a great war. " 
 
272 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER LXXVII 
 GRAND PRE PROVES A BUFFALO SEPULCHER 
 
 ON October 14th another division, heavily manned by Buffalo men, and carrying the hopes 
 and prayers of many Buffalo homes, trudged its way up the Aisne River to a point near 
 the junction of that stream with the Aire. This division entered the Argonne on the side 
 of the French sector, passing along the road which led from Moncheutin and stepped into 
 the fight at Senuc, just south of Grand Pre. The Senuc Road joins the Grand Pre-St. 
 Juvin Road a little north and west of Chevieres. The 78th had made a forced march under 
 orders to relieve the tired, weary and shell-torn, but victorious, 77th Division. Though 
 excessively fatigued by a long march through the mud, the men of the 78th Division 
 swung into the fighting line on the night of the 14th, and on the following night the relief 
 of the 77th had been completely effected. The Division was commanded by Major General 
 McRae. 
 
 Just before going into the line that night. Sergeant Maurice Wall, son of James B. Wall, former 
 Police Commissioner, wrote a letter addressed to "Mother and Dad." Sergeant Wall was a 
 splendid type of young American manhood. He left home as a private with the 311th Infantry, 
 Company E, attached to the 78th Division, and rapidly advanced in the estimation of his superiors 
 and associates as well as in rank. He went into the forest off the march that night somewhat 
 fagged out, but ready to take his position in the front line. Preparatory to going in, he wrote 
 home his last letter, saying, among other things: 
 
 "We sure are seeing some great sights at present. We are going through territory which has been occupied by the 
 Germans since the beginning of the War. They have put in a net work of narrow-gauge railways which seem to cover 
 nearly the whole ground. A great many of these camps look as if they have been rest camps. They have everything 
 for the convenience of the German soldier — canteens, barber shops, theaters and plenty of beer and wine. A good 
 many of the dugouts have shower baths and are equipped with electric lights. 
 
 "When the American troopers went over the top they sure did give the Germans H — , As one German prisoner 
 said, 'You fight too fast for us.' The boys over here seem to take this as a business proposition, something to be done 
 and done quickly. They have practically driven the Germans from all their trenches, even the famous Hindenburg 
 Line went like tissue paper, and now have them in the open. In a good many places they have a hard time keeping 
 up with the fleeing Germans. 
 
 "Just an idea as to how we are living. We have hiked about a hundred and thirty miles in the last thirty days. 
 Out of this we were in the trenches eighteen days, so you can see we did some marching while we were at it. We have 
 been sleeping in the woods the greater part of the last month. The boys have come in from hikes so tired 
 that they would flop on the ground in a pouring rain and in a few minutes be fast asleep without a bit of 
 shelter. 
 
 "No doubt you think Fifth Avenue, New York, a very busy thoroughfare, but after seeing military traffic on the 
 roads of France it would look like the Main Street of a deserted village." 
 
 The 78th had marched most of the long, weary and mud-covered kilometers which marked 
 the distance from the St. Mihiel front to its new positions. From the middle of September to 
 October 14th, they were on the move or resting in the territory between the Aire River, along 
 whose wooded and hilly sides the 77th Division was fighting its way, and the River Aisne along 
 which the French Army had more easily moved. The 78th passed over the battle grounds but a 
 few days in the wake of the fighting forces. 
 
 Many other Buffalo boys wrote home on the night of the 14th. William E. Sawyer of G 
 Company, 311th Infantry, in his letter stated that he had marched from 9 o'clock on the night 
 of October 13th, arriving in the support lines at 2 o'clock on the morning of the 14th, and mov- 
 ing up to the front early next evening. French weather, often disagreeable, was especially so 
 at that time, and the rain had been falling heavily and steadily for two days. The men of the 
 78th were drenched, but so tired they fell asleep in the mud when they reached the reserve line 
 at 2 o'clock that memorable morning. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 273 
 
 Buffalo and Erie County Boys in Funk Holes near Chevieres 
 
 On the road to Grand Pre, October 14, 1918, Men of E Company, 311th Infantry in the foreground resting 
 
 For the first time since leaving Camp Dix the boys of the 78th Division saw their own artillery- 
 move in behind them. The heavies came into position on the night of the 14th, just south of 
 Grand Pre, the citadel of which was held by the Germans. For three weeks the battle raged around 
 that point; the advantage first resting with one and then with the other, but eventually swinging 
 to the American troops when the Boche, under a terrific pounding, cut and ran for the Meuse. 
 
 On the night of the 15th of October the 153d Artillery Brigade, 78th Division, laid down a 
 barrage, its first in the Argonne Forest, and the doughboys went over the top. Along narrow 
 paths and roadways and through the tangled bush they crept forward. Without the experience 
 the 77th gained in its two weeks' drive through that underbrush their toll, on that first day, 
 was exceptionally heavy. Machine gun bullets cut them down, but did not stop them. The 
 311th Infantry, made the greatest progress, and stubbornly held its position. On the left Captain 
 William Kaliska advanced his company of the 310th Infantry along the side of the road leading 
 to Chevieres. Kaliska had been formerly, athletic instructor at Nichols School. He had secured 
 admission to the officers' training school at Madison Barracks, won his commission, was assigned 
 to the 78th Division, fought with them in the Vosges and at St. Mihiel, and was now a rattling 
 good soldier through the heavy going in that black spot of the Argonne. Sergeant G. J. Eddy, 
 Company H, 309th Infantry was one of the first Buffalo men hit that day. A machine gun bullet 
 struck his shin. 
 
 As the Germans retreated they set up and camouflaged innumerable machine gun positions. 
 Every open forest space was covered with one or more guns, and the roadways fairly rang with 
 the putt-putt-putt-putt-putt of the machine guns. It was a most difficult matter to get the 
 artillery into play on the machine gun nests, and they had to be taken by direct assault and 
 two-fisted fighting. 
 
 On the night of the 16th of October, some units of the 311th had crossed the Grand Pre-St. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 275 
 
 Juvin Road, and were heading north to the east of the town of Grand Pre. Other units of the 
 78th Division were attacking through the town of Chevieres, and on the morning of the 17th a 
 concentrated attack was made all along the line. Captain Kaliska was hit by a machine gun 
 bullet early in the morning, and a number of other Buffalo boys were hit during the advance of 
 the 310th Regiment that day. Kaliska continued at the head of his command, however, and 
 captured several machine gun positions, from one of which he brought back seven prisoners, 
 being awarded a Distinguished Service Cross. Later in the day he fell a victim to gas and frag- 
 ments of a high explosive shell which peppered his legs. He recovered in a hospital in France, 
 but was out of the war from that day on. Private Henry C. Stief was wounded about the same 
 time when a high explosive shell hit among men of headquarters company. 
 
 Sergeant Earl B. Searcy, Sergeant Maurice Wall and Sergeant W. H. Maxwell of Company E, 
 311th Infantry found their men suffering severely from machine gun fire and pulled them back 
 preparatory to organizing a systematic attack on the entrenched position. Company E con- 
 tained many Buffalo men. In addition to those mentioned. Sergeant Harry J. McBride, Corporal 
 Frank E. Rogers, Corporal George McDonald and privates Norman F. Woelfel, Howard Hoehn, 
 John Kriegler, Ralph B. Brown, Harvey Moss, Albert May, John Kwiatkowski, Benjamin Perez, 
 Matthew Rohr, Alois Besstak, Walter Bebauer, Charles Griese, Frank X. Hilburger, Harry 
 Lebert, William Kaufman, Edwin Loth, Simon Vouros, John Wagner, Alois Weckerle, Michael 
 Zmozynski, Joseph Miller, Bugler Benjamin Borg and Cook Michael Sommerfelt, Buffalo men, 
 were in the company. 
 
 Sergeant Wall was in charge of the platoon, containing most of those men, and, when he ordered 
 them back, he probably thereby saved many lives. Picking Searcy and Maxwell, Wall went 
 forward on the right, endeavoring to flank the machine gun position. After locating what he 
 believed to be the cause of the trouble, they opened fire and the advanced Boche were seen retreat- 
 ing through the woods. Wall and his companions then went forward for a hand-to-hand tussle 
 if necessary in mopping up, when the little group rushed smack into a gunner hidden in the brush 
 who had remained behind for just such an attack. Wall fell at the first fire, but crawled under 
 cover along with the other two sergeants. They lay there for many hours, but their company 
 had skirted this position and gone forward. Finally the Germans were driven out, but no one 
 returned to pick up Wall until late the following evening. He had suffered severely from loss of 
 blood and exposure, and died shortly after reaching a dressing station.* 
 
 Private John L. Sullivan, a Buffalo boy, of B Company, 311th Infantry was killed in about 
 the same sort of an operation on the same day. He was taken forward by Lieutenant Gardenier, 
 with one or two others, in an endeavor to definitely locate a machine gun position. Sullivan 
 "bumped" off one German who was firing from behind a bunch of brush, freshly cut, and was 
 met with a shower of bullets but escaped injury. Presently Sullivan and his companion espied 
 a machine gunner in a shell hole firing on members of B Company who were seeking to advance 
 
 *" France, November 27, 1918. 
 "Mrs. J. B. Wall, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 "My dear Mrs. Wall: I am taking a liberty which I sincerely trust you will approve. When the enclosed letter (from Mrs. Wall to her son) 
 came with Company mail, a few days ago, I opened it to make certain the sender was Maurice Wall's mother. I did not read it, but am returning 
 it just as I found it, as the opening words answered my question. 
 
 "I assume you have had word, before now, of the wound which your beloved son suffered on October 17th last. I was with him at the time 
 hence this message to you, his mother. We have had a sad report as to the result of the wound, and my one hope is that Maurice did not pay 
 the supreme sacrifice. As to that, the War Department has official records. My heart goes out to you and the Sergeant's family, for I can well 
 know and understand how he must have been esteemed and beloved by all who knew him. 
 
 "Maurice was in charge of the second platoon of Company E. I was second in command of the same platoon with him. We had had a very 
 tragic and trying day on October 16th and during the day of the 17th of October, for we attacked a German machine gun stronghold at Chievres 
 on both days. With Maurice in charge we were left to guide the destinies of the second platoon, and we fought on well until the time came to 
 make a night attack on October 17th. The Company ran into a machine gun position, and before we could make good our escape. Maurice and 
 I with half a dozen others of the platoon, were trapped at close range. We squirmed to the best cover we could find. While seeking better pro- 
 tection beside me, Maurice received a wound in the knee. We couldn't give it first aid dressing here, for to raise our heads meant certain death, 
 so we were forced to lie there motionless for many hours, before another attacking company drove the enemy away from his position a hundred 
 or so feet in front of us. Maurice was living, I am told, when the first aid and stretcher bearers found him, but had suffered keenly from exposure. 
 Word of his death has come to me, and I simply want you to know that I am unutterably sorry. Of course, as soldiers, we are taught to accept 
 the ill fortunes of war stoically, but it is too bad a man of Maurice's mind and character had to be sacrificed under such circumstances. I enter- 
 tain the faint hope that he .vet lives, though our records, I understand, show differently. I lay beside him for five hours, then crawled back under 
 cover of brief fog — at Maurice's suggestion — to attempt to organize an attacking party. Orders, however, contemplated a different move. 
 
 "Maurice Wall was a splendid chap, and a man liked and loved by our whole Company. I was intimately associated with him. and know 
 what sort of a man he was. Moreover, he was nervy and courageous to the last degree. He wouldn't be frightened. I admired him and I can 
 tell you that no one in our company performed his patriotic duty more cheerfully and fearlessly. 
 
 " May I extend to a mother my sincerest and most admiring sympathy? 
 
 Very truly. 
 
 Sergeant Earl B. Searcy. 
 
276 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 across an open space on the left. The two boys went forward with a rush, but they were cut 
 down with machine gun bullets. Both were fatally hit and died on the spot. The Lieutenant 
 rejoined the company.* 
 
 A number of boys from Lackawanna were in the same regiment, attached to Company F. 
 During the fighting of the 17th-18th, Company F encountered stiff machine gun resistance. 
 Private Michael Slovick, whose home is in Batavia, but who went away with the Buffalo outfit, 
 tells a graphic story of that day's fighting! 
 
 "That fighting sent west many a boy from Western New York. I was with the 311th Infantry, 
 which had as its members many Buffalo and nearby men. The boys from Lackawanna suffered 
 most. I don't know how many of them bled and died in the Argonne, but it was a lot. Many 
 of them were members of Company F. 
 
 "We weren't fighting infantry, we were fighting machine guns and artillery. The Germans had 
 the woods charted and they shot bullets into it at every angle. Some were aimed at men's heads, 
 some at their bodies and some at their legs. Men dropped all around me by dozens and finally 
 what seemed like a million bullets hit me all at once from my hips down, and down I went. 
 
 "For twenty-six hours I lay in a shell hole in No Man's Land, without even first aid attention. 
 Three times the Americans charged past me into the face of that terrible fire and three times 
 they were driven back. Finally night came and with it the stretcher bearers. Several passed 
 near me and I called to them, but they didn't hear me. I felt as if I were bleeding to death and 
 the burning thirst caused by the wounds was terrible. Early the next morning the Americans 
 drove the Germans back and my shell hole was soon behind our new positions. Soon afterward 
 I was picked up and taken to a base hospital, where I got the finest treatment that any one could 
 have asked for." 
 
 Along the path away from the point where Slovick was hit, dead Boche blocked the road, 
 showing how deadly had been the fire of the boys of Company F. Many bodies found in the 
 woods afterwards had been pierced through by bayonets, proving the Boche had met death, 
 also, in hand to hand fighting. 
 
 On the morning of October 17th at daylight, the Division went over the top for the second 
 time. The men left their shelter and advanced across the open to the Aire River, a small, swiftly 
 flowing stream, waded the chilly, waist deep water and formed the skirmish lines on the opposite 
 side. 
 
 When the crossing had been successfully effected, they swept forward and on the heights ahead 
 the Hun machine gunners could be seen in flight. After an advance of a mile or more, a lively 
 fire was again encountered, making it necessary to seek shelter in shell holes. Throughout the 
 remainder of that day the men lay huddled, cramped and chilled while machine gun bullets 
 whistled over them and high explosive and gas shells landed nearby. Captain Henry P. Warren, 
 Jr., the commander of E Company, while directing the operations of his men, was struck by a 
 machine gun bullet which penetrated his steel helmet, inflicting a severe scalp wound. 
 
 Among the other Buffalo boys who fell in and around Grand Pre were Sergeant Edwin H. 
 Bauer, D Company, 309th Infantry. He entered the woods in a skirmish line. The underbrush 
 was exceptionally dense at the point where they entered and members of his Company soon 
 became detached from one another. Sergeant Bauer and one other were soon quite a distance in 
 advance of the main body of their Company when they ran into a machine gun nest, and immedi- 
 ately sought cover. Bauer tried to answer the machine gun with his rifle when a burst of machine 
 
 * Lieutenant Gardenier writing to Mrs. Sullivan of her son's death said: "When a hail of machine gun bullets greeted us we dropped. Then 
 we cautiously looked up in the direction they were coming from. 
 
 "Private Sullivan said, 'There he is, lieutenant,' I looked and saw a German ducking down into a shell hole. I knew what was coming and 
 said, 'Duck down,' 'Duck down nothing,' he replied, 'I can get him.' 
 
 " He opened fire with his automatic rifle. The response was another hail of bullets directly at us and both of the boys received fatal wounds. 
 I gave Private Sullivan a drink from my canteen, but soon saw that it was all over and he made his peace with God and died with his hand on the 
 gun he had fired to the last. 
 
 " His memory will always stay with me. He was a man in the highest sense, unafraid, faithful and a soldier. I trust that the pride I feel for 
 hira will mingle with the sorrow of his loved ones and make their loss a sacred one, a sacrifice which follows those who make it and through which 
 shines the glory of a noble gift to freedom. 
 
 "I beg you to pardon this intrusion by a stranger into your intimate sorrow and I trust that what little I can say will to some extent serve 
 to lighten the grief of those who loved him." 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 277 
 
 gun fire struck him on the top of the head, kilhng him instantly. Leo Blaszkiewicz, 77 Gibson 
 Street was killed that night while the Company was in reserve. He was hit in the chest by flying 
 shrapnel. 
 
 David S. Buchanan was one of the first Buffalo men in the 78th Division killed after that 
 division had relieved the 77th. He was a member of E Company, 311th Infantry and while 
 advancing with his Company at Chevieres on the 16th of October, was shot through the stomach 
 with machine gun bullets. Private Norman Woelfel of 890 Broadway was near when Buchanan 
 fell, but he said his comrade died before he could bring him first aid. Howard Clancy, of E Com- 
 pany, 309th Infantry, 600 Hasten Street, was also hit that day and was taken back to a hospital 
 near Apremont where he died on the 19th. He was buried at Apremont near the top of a hill 
 west of the church in the orchard. 
 
 Anthony Didley, a sergeant of Headquarters Company, 311th Infantry was killed on the 25th, 
 just before dusk, while lying behind an embankment south of Grand Pre. He was struck by frag- 
 ments of a high explosive shell. John F. Duggan of E Company, 311th Infantry, 358 Maryland 
 Street, while advancing with his Company at Chevieres on October 16th, was shot through the right 
 thigh by a machine gun bullet and died the same day. Anthony Ervin, E Company, 311th Infan- 
 try, 457 Auburn Avenue, while advancing in attack at Chevieres was struck by a machine gun 
 bullet which pierced his right groin. Private H. P. Hoehn of 149 Allen Street was nearby when 
 he fell. Hoehn says Ervin died within a very few minutes after being hit. Frank Fronczak, 
 Company M, 310th Infantry, 440 Ohio Street was also killed in that attack. He was shot through 
 the head with a machine gun bullet and died in the arms of a friend from Port Washington, L. I. 
 
 Norbert F. Hens, a Sergeant of Company H, 309th Infantry, 134 16th Street was in the drive 
 at Chevieres all through the day of the 16th and on the morning of the 17th he was sitting in a 
 dugout when a shell landed in the road about 6 feet from the spot where he, and a number of 
 
 Shell Bursting Among Men of E Co., 312th Infantry, while Repairing Road Mined and Blown Up 
 
 by Germans near Grand Pre 
 
278 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 others were resting. Private A. W. Kuch of Niagara Falls was sitting close to Sergeant Hens 
 when the shell landed and states that Hens pitched forward into his lap. "I tried to get him 
 to talk to me, but he was unable to do so" said Kuch. "I think he was dead when I carried him 
 to the first aid station. " Two days later, a friend of Sergeant Hens, Curtis T. Hibbard, Private 
 of D Company, 311th Infantry of 98 Gelston Street, was killed on Farm De Lois, about 2 kilo- 
 meters west of Grand Pre. He was hit by a sniper's bullet while his battaHon was making an 
 attack. Hibbard's body was not found until about ten days afterward. There was a bullet hole 
 through the neck and it is beHeved that he died instantly. George J. Hildebrand, 453 Carlton Street 
 was killed the same day when a high explosive shell landed at Brigade Headquarters. 
 
 Louis A. Humbert, Private L Company, 311th Infantry, 133 Duerstein Avenue was killed on 
 October 24th by a German shell which made almost a direct hit, tearing him to pieces. Soldiers 
 who were near him say that very little of his body was found but what was found was buried 
 back of Talma Farm on the hillside. Corporal W. G. Barlow, 38 Olcott place, this city was a 
 witness to Humbert's death. 
 
 Another Buffalo boy killed on the 16th was Frank J. Kaczmarek, Company C, 311th Infantry, 
 458 Davey Street. He was struck in the body by a piece of high explosive shell while working 
 on a dugout. M. J. Luber, Private, K Company, 310th Infantry, 30 Fougeron Street was also 
 killed that same day. His Company had relieved a part of the 77th Division atong the St. Juvin 
 Road. Private Luber and the members of his squad were behind bales of straw along the side 
 of the road. A shell landed in the straw pile and shrapnel filled Luber's two legs. He turned to 
 Private James E. May of Rochester and asked him if he could see about how badly he was hit. 
 May told him there were several shrapnel wounds in his legs. Luber made no other remark. 
 He died ten minutes later. 
 
 Corporal J. William Kellogg of M Company, 311th Infantry, 1754 William Street was instantly 
 killed by machine gun bullet on the 25th of October while going over the top. At the time of his 
 death he had charge of an automatic gun squad. Orrin B. Piper, G Company, 309th Infantry 
 was another Buffalo boy killed on October 16th while attacking north of St. Juvin. He was 
 struck by shrapnel over the right eye and killed instantly. Joseph Sikora, Company L, 309th 
 Infantry, 572 Amherst Street was killed in the same attack. 
 
 Many other Buffalo boys were killed in the fighting between October 16th and November 6th, 
 when the Division was relieved by the 42d Division north of Grand Pre on the way to Sedan. 
 And many boys of this Di\nsion, who fell during the attack, later died of wounds. For example. 
 Private William J. Finn, 109 Gordon Street, D Company, 311th Infantry, was not seen after 
 the attack north of Che\aeres on October 17th. Sergeant Breen of that Company later stated 
 that he saw a man Ijang near the H Company P. C. (Post Command) who he believed was 
 Finn. He said he saw his name on the gas mask. Breen stated the man believed to have been 
 Finn was buried in the vicinity of the spot where he fell. Many boys were reported missing in 
 action at that time, some of whom came back later on and others died either in prison camps 
 or at hospitals back of the lines, but Grand Pre certainly proved a Buffalo sepulcher. 
 
 Sergeant Walter E. Gies, a Buffalo boy, Company G, 311th Infantry went over the top with a 
 squad that morning (October 17th) in advance of the Company to remove destructive machine 
 gun nests. His thrilling experience that day and on the subsequent day is told in a letter home, 
 written by him October 22d. It was the first opportunity he had to write and it was his last 
 letter home. He was killed on November 1st as his Company went over the top after the Boche 
 just before the final rush of the Germans across the open space from the Aire to the Meuse. He 
 was buried beside two of his closest friends on Hill 210 near Grand Pre. Sergeant Gies' letter: 
 
 "The morning after our first night on the front I had the most thrilling experience of my life. I was sent out with 
 a patrol of eight men. After proceeding for about a mile in the front of our line across open country, we were fired upon 
 from the top of a steep hill in front of us by two snipers. We returned their fire and started up the hill after them, 
 but when we arrived at the crest of the slope, which proved to be a road, we found we had run into a machine gun nest, 
 for the moment we set foot on the road they opened on us with one gun and we were forced to seek cover. He held us 
 down with his gun and soon had another going from the opposite side of the road, so that we were subjected to cross-fire. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 279 
 
 "In the meantime we were engaging him quite boldly also; but he had us in a bad place, and it wasn't very long 
 before he had hit two of my men badly. Then he opened up with another gun from our right and rear, so that we were 
 now getting it three ways. This last gun also cut off another of my men so that all he could do was lie flat in the hole 
 he was in. In fact, I was out of touch with him and after shouting to him for about five minutes and receiving no 
 answer, concluded he had been killed, and knew no different until he turned up back with the company next morning, 
 I was thus left w-ith four men and myself. 
 
 "Hopeless odds against three machine guns and about five snipers. But the company was supposed to be following, 
 and I expected every minute to see them coming across the open. I hated to give up the ground we had won, but 
 after waiting and looking in vain for half an hour, and having one of the lads who had been hit at first hit twice again, 
 I decided to fall back down the hill and take cover in an old farm house at the foot, about 600 or 700 yards away from 
 the machine gun nest. 
 
 "So I shouted to the boys to start and crawl for it, but previous to this I had sent one of the wounded men who 
 could walk back to the company for help. 
 
 "Well, when I got ready to back down the hill, after crossing the road, I found Jim Waldron so badly hit that he 
 couldn't crawl out of the hole he was in, so I had to go back and pull him out. I told him to try and roll down, which 
 he gamely tried to do, but had to give it up about half way. So I got him on my back and lugged him the other half. 
 When he got into the house, we found four other lads, one of them wounded, who were from another division and had 
 been stranded there from the night before when their company had pulled out. 
 
 "Waldron was in awful pain and bleeding profusely, so, after posting sentries, I started in to dress his wounds. I 
 found he had been hit twice in the body and once in the arm. I bandaged him as best I could, laid him on a bed and 
 started to look things over." (He died in the hospital a few days later. — Ed.) "I soon had it impressed upon me that 
 it would be impossible to get back before dark, as every time anyone showed themselves it provoked a storm of bullets, 
 and to walk out carrying two wounded men would have been suicide. 
 
 "There was still no sign of the company and by now I knew that something had caused a change of plans. I was 
 between the devil and the deep sea. I couldn't leave and I was afraid to stay, for I thought every minute that Fritz 
 would sneak down along the road (which we couldn't see from the bottom of the slope) and heave bombs on us. I don't 
 know why they didn't. 
 
 "Well, along about 2 o'clock in the afternoon, we spied three men coming from our lines and when they got near 
 enough I recognized them as one of our sergeants and two of our men. They had volunteered to go out and try and 
 find us. We waved and shouted to them and they managed to get in 0. K. 
 
 "Sergeant Perry" (this Sergeant Perry, together with Sergeant Gies, and Corporal Conway of Ithaca, were caught 
 in a machine-gun trap on November 1st, while leading an attack of the 4th platoon of G Company and all were killed. 
 — Ed.) "told me the company would attack at 3.30, so we made a drawing, locating the guns I had run into and 
 started a man back with it. He hadn't gone fifty yards from the building when a sniper got him in the arm, breaking 
 it and putting him down, but he managed to stagger back to us after lying still for about fifteen minutes." (This was 
 Jeremiah McAuliffe of Oneida, N. Y. Later on his arm was amputated, but he recovered. — Ed.) The other lad then 
 said he would make a try and he got away 0. K., but when he got back to the company it had been decided to call off 
 the advance, as they had run into a barrage and couldn't come ahead without losing the majority of the company. He 
 came back again with a message for us to come right in. This was impossible, as I explained before. 
 
 "In the meantime, I was acting doctor again and I really am quite proud of the way I fixed that arm. It had a 
 hole in it about two inches round and the bone was completely severed, for I could look right in and see it, and then 
 put a bandage and splint on it, so that when it came time to move him he w-as as comfortable as one could expect. My 
 next job was to improvise stretchers which I did by using two round poles, and folding a blanket around them for one 
 and for the other I found an old bunk with wire stretched over poles, which I cut out of a row of such bunks. 
 
 "The other wounded man (the one we found in the house) had a bullet in his leg, but could walk a little so I figured 
 ■with two men helping, he'd be able to make it, besides I didn't have men enough to man a stretcher for him. Two men 
 can't carry a man for over two miles — that is what we had to cover to get back besides having to ford a stream waist 
 deep and climb two banks fifteen feet or so high and which ran almost straight up. 
 
 "As soon as it began to get dark, I got my patients on the stretchers all ready to pick up and step out with and about 
 6.30 we set out and got back to our lines and company at about twelve. Take my word for it I never worked so hard 
 in all my life or never was I so totally exhausted. I waded that stream about six times to get them all across safely, 
 besides helping get each one up the two steep banks. When we turned up at the company we got some welcome for 
 they had given us up as lost. Next morning I was routed up at 6 o'clock after about two hours of actual sleep for I 
 only had one blanket and nearly froze with those wet clothes on but I never got a cold from it." 
 
 Men of the 78th Division were enthusiastic in their praise of the work of Sergeant Gies, and 
 returning soldiers were always ready to tell of his heroic acts. The death of this brave boy 
 caused genuine sorrow throughout the entire regiment. 
 
 In the cemeteries around Grand Pre many brave Buffalo boys are sleeping, and the ambulances 
 carried hundreds of wounded men from that point. Every tree is stamped with an act of Amer- 
 ican valor, and while Buffalo and Western New York men of the 78th Division were not aware 
 
280 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 of it at the time, they were engaged during those trying days from October 15th to 18th in smash- 
 ing the western defenses of the famous Kriemhild Line, while the Divisions on their right were 
 going through it. 
 
 General Pershing said: "The Fifth Corps, in hand-to-hand encounters, entered the formidable 
 Kriemhild Line, where the enemy had hoped to check us indefinitely, and the First Corps took 
 Champigneulles and the important town of Grand Pre. Our dogged offensive was wearing down 
 the enemy, who continued desperately to throw his best troops in front of us, thus weakening 
 his line in front of our Allies and making their advance less difficult. " 
 
 Indeed, the German Army was pulling out of Belgium before the British and French, but the 
 Boche was being allowed to take his supplies and equipment with him. His was an orderly retreat 
 when it should have been a rout. In fact, it had already become necessary to withdraw the 37th 
 and 91st American Divisions from the Argonne to change the status of that retreat. Those two 
 divisions were hurried north into Belgium and detrained October 20th in the neighborhood of 
 Ypres. The Rev. Joseph A. Burke, a Buffalo priest attached to St. Vincent's Church, commis- 
 sioned Lieutenant-Chaplain during the summer, was attached to the 91st Division as it started 
 on that rapid march from Ypres to the front line near the Lys River at Passchendaele. Two 
 Buffalo boys were then with the 37th Division: Irving H. Johnston, 147th Infantry and Victor 
 Sweeney, 145th Infantry. They had come through the Argonne Forest fighting intact, but one 
 fell before the Escaut River was reached. 
 
 Sergeant Sweeney, while leading his platoon over the top on the first morning of the drive, 
 was held up by a machine gun nest. Resting his men in a ditch he went forward through a turnip 
 patch to reconnoiter, when a sniper in a shell-wrecked house dropped him with a rifle bullet 
 missing his heart by inches only, the bullet passing out through his shoulder. This Buffalo boy 
 had been put out of action in the first seven minutes of fighting. 
 
 The 91st Division captured Spitaals Bosschen, a wood extending across the central part of the 
 division sector. The 37th Division drove ahead rapidly, capturing many prisoners and much 
 ammunition, forcing the retreating Germans across the Escaut, or Scheldt, River. On the follow- 
 ing day, November 4th, the 91st Division took Audenarde. The French Army then took over 
 the entire line, and the two American Divisions dropped back for a rest. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 281 
 
 CHAPTER LXXVIII 
 TWENTY DAYS ON THE MEUSE WITH THE OLD 65th 
 
 A FTER the 33d Infantry, for whom the old 65th Regiment was furnishing artillery support, 
 ZA had cleaned up Forges, they received their new objectives, and proceeded to a point beyond 
 ■*- -*- Bethancourt, the Artillery to move up behind them. After a terrible night on the road, 
 the Buffalo artillerymen got into position about 4.00 A. M. From then on, they fought through 
 what was known as the first and second phases of the Argonne. Toward the end of the second 
 phase, another Buffalo contingent the 77th Division, quite a distance west of the 106th, were 
 taken back for a much needed rest, and for replacements. The 78th Division had taken over 
 the position held by the 77th and were moving into Grand Pre, at the time the 106th, or old 
 65th, was relieved after twenty days of hard fighting. 
 
 Captain Gilchriese gives an historical record of the movements of the 106th from the time 
 they left Forges on September 26th until they were relieved on October 19th. 
 
 "We eflfected the passage through Forges without further adventure and arrived on the road 
 to Bethancourt, — which was our destination — in good order. And here the trouble began. The 
 traffic was absolutely and completely tied up. Convoys going in both directions on the same 
 narrow, muddy road were in hopless jams. From 11 o'clock until four A. M. we urged, ordered, 
 begged and pushed wagons, limbers, trucks, ambulances and nondescript vehicles, all in a con- 
 glomerated mass on the narrow road to Bethancourt. The American Army was advancing and 
 had to be supplied. These drivers had been working, some of them for forty-eight and seventy- 
 two hour stretches without rest, and they still had hours of endless toil ahead of them if their 
 organizations were to be fed. Infantry going forward to the lines cheerfully stopped to give us 
 whatever aid they could in moving mired carriages, but the situation looked hopeless. How- 
 ever, by almost superhuman effort, the men pulled, pushed and drove their teams as they never 
 had before, until by squirming, squeezing and praying, we worked the guns through the mass 
 and pushed them into position shortly before 5 A. M. and just in time to fire an accompanying 
 fire of 200 rounds per battery, in support of an attack by our infantry. 
 
 "The days following were not pleasant ones. There were no prepared emplacements or dug- 
 outs to be had here. We were in the ravine of Raffencourt; low, muddy, swampy and pitted 
 with shell holes. This ravine had been the scene of many a bloody conflict during the battle of 
 Verdun, and for the past two years it had lain midway between the lines — a place shunned as a 
 gas hole. The few deserted dugouts we were able to find were low ceilinged, damp and unpro- 
 tected except against splinters. 
 
 "On October 8th, we spent a whole morning making careful adjustment on strongholds around 
 the well fortified Bois de Chaume. That afternoon at 4 o'clock we delivered a most tremendous 
 and concentrated fire on sixteen targets in this area at the conclusion of which the 29th Divi- 
 sion, which we were supporting, stormed the heights and carried the Hun into the depths of Bois 
 de Consenvoye, beyond. This had been one of the hardest positions east of the Meuse, up to 
 this time, that our doughboys had been called on to take. On our left the 80th Division was 
 fighting, with bull dog tenacity in the terrible woods of the Argonne; directly in front of us our 
 own Division — the 33d — was endeavoring to cross the Meuse. 
 
 "The little town of Sivry-sur-Meuse was still in enemy hands and in the belfry of its church 
 the deadly Hun machine guns enfiladed the flanks of our infantry as they advanced to storm the 
 heights of Bois de Chaume, another hard nut for the doughboys to crack. We were constantly 
 being called on to fire on the church tower, which presented quite a target, until one day we 
 were ordered to destroy it. Now that would have been an easy matter for the Hun, but it was 
 an entirely new experience for us. Casting religious scruples to the winds, however, we went 
 after it with a will. It was only after we were well launched on our mission that we were ordered 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 283 
 
 to cease firing. I have since seen that belfry and although the dead Jerries had been removed, 
 the bits of metal, brick and equipment told the story better than anything or anybody on the 
 spot could have done. Several holes of 155 calibre dimensions in the tower itself showed that 
 our adjustment was well under way. 
 
 "Having driven Jerry from his much coveted positions east of the river, we were compelled 
 to move forward again — he having moved beyond our effective range. On the night of October 
 15th in a driving rain we moved out, our destination being a position near Gercourt. It was 
 only a matter of 8 or 9 kilometers but on what a terrible hike. In mud all the way and over a 
 road ordinarily bad enough due to hills and shell holes but on this particular night hellish. By 
 10 o'clock in the morning all the batteries were not yet in position. The visibility was so poor, 
 because of the rain and clouds in the morning that we could not be seen from the German lines 
 although they were plainly visible not very far distant. The battalion headquarters was exceed- 
 ingly fortunate in finding a German battery emplacement, which was soon converted into a com- 
 fortable room. But not so with the batteries. They had not even a piece of elephant iron for 
 protection against the elements. 
 
 "But everyone set to with a will and in a couple of days, dugouts were well under way and 
 emplacements being perfected. Several batteries of G. P. F. construction (these are long guns of 
 the same calibre as ours) were in position around us. Every time one of them fired it shook our 
 whole establishment, and this they did quite frequently to the immediate discomfort of Jerry. 
 We fired several important missions from this position, participating in the general melee of 
 artillery attack on Jerry's Gisehler-Stellung and his best Sturm battalions. Every night was a 
 regular fireworks celebration. The spiteful barking of the 75s, followed by their swishing, re- 
 echoing, shrieking as they tore over the woods in front of us; the sharp report of our own guns; 
 the mighty bellowing of the G. P. Fs, all intermingled in a tremendous roaring which resulted in 
 a wonderful symphony, nightly, but which must have made the Hun feel terribly shaky. It was 
 during these days that we began to receive his propaganda, dropped during the night from air- 
 planes, asking us what we were fighting for and telling us that Germany had acceded to all our 
 demands. Our answer was characteristic. It usually took the shape of what the newspapers 
 term, ' Increased artillery activity. ' 
 
 "On the 20th, just as we were becoming accustomed to our new surroundings, and getting 
 accurately adjusted on the enemy positions, we were ordered to move as the Division was being 
 relieved. The fact that it was raining did not add to our happiness, nor that our march was a 
 matter of 40 odd kilometers back to the echelons in the rear. 
 
 "Then a long, wearisome hike. From 'neath the shadows of Montfaucon, that stronghold which 
 defied every attack of the Allies for years, back through the devastated ruined villages of Ger- 
 court, Driencourt, Bethancourt, in a bUnding rain, with the night as black as the shadows of 
 Hades. Our orders were to clear Montzeville by 6 A. M. If this should become impossible, as 
 it was, we were to park along the roadside under cover during the daylight hours and await the 
 coming of night to resume the march. The batteries moved separately. Battalion headquarters 
 pulled out at 5 A. M. and as the visibility was still very poor continued the march until noon. 
 It was a cold drizzly morning as we swung into the battered village of Bethancourt. And there 
 we were confronted with a surprise. Only a few days before we had left this region, and now 
 upon passing it we saw hospitals for miles, sprung up as though over night. Was this unmistakable 
 testimony of the terrible fighting that had been waged on our left in the woods of the Argonne? 
 Fresh plots of graveyards were springing up all over the country and even as we passed, burial 
 parties were hard at work in several of them. It was a sight which brought sadness to the hearts 
 of more than one man in that column. We had gazed upon German dead by the scores — some 
 of them horribly mutilated — without the sHghtest qualm, but the sight of American lads who had 
 so heroically sacrificed their lives on the altar of Democracy brought a choky feeling to the throat. 
 
 "But this was not far enough from the battle front. The next night, or rather that night, 
 October 22d, we moved out again, our destination being the Bois Chene Gosson, whatever that 
 
284 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 means. But "mirable dictu, " it did not rain, nor were the roads bad. In fact they were excel- 
 lent. Leaving at 6 P. M. we had covered the 16 kilometers by 11.30 and without losing a single 
 animal. It was a wonderful moonlight night and the men actually were cheerful as we rolled 
 along that most famous of highways, Verdun-Metz, under the shadows of the protective trees 
 bordering the road. As we neared Verdun an occasional whine of an enemy shell was heard, but 
 this only amused the men. One particularly unrestful Austrian heavy kept at this method of 
 harassing during the night. Pulling up under the shadow of Fort de Rugret, we halted for a 
 short rest and then turned south toward Dugny. Arriving in our new woods south of Dugny we 
 immediately went into cantonments. It was quite a pleasant change, this finding a roof all ready 
 to welcome you. 
 
 "But Dugny, that pretty spot with its gorgeous scenery, its pure fresh air and its exquisite 
 weather, was not to be ours for long. We got a much needed scrubbing, took rides unmolested 
 by the screeching of Hun shells, ate bread with butter on it and even had jam occasionally. Then 
 came the order. They always come just when you are getting comfortable and familiar with 
 your surroundings. We were to go forward this time in support of the 79th Division and once 
 more take our place in the battle front of the Meuse — this time on the eastern bank in the vicinity 
 of Brabant. On the 28th of October we moved out, returning first of course to our old friend 
 Bois la Ville." 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 285 
 
 CHAPTER LXXIX 
 ST. SOUPLET AND ACROSS LE SELLE 
 
 AS soon as the Hindenburg Line had been broken and the canal was in the possession of the 
 
 l\ Alhes the Australians relieved the 27th Division on the British front. That occurred on 
 
 -^ -*- September 30th. That is, they officially made the relief, but it was several days before the last 
 
 of the Americans left the front lines. So enthusiastic were they over the fighting that they kept 
 
 on with the Australians. 
 
 Lieutenants Brown and Uhl of the 108th had held their position in the German trenches with 
 more officers and men prisoners than their own strength numbered. Despite the necessity of 
 guarding these they had repulsed repeated counter attacks endeavoring to dislodge them. 
 
 The Signal Corps got a wire to the trenches a few hours after the infantry had gained a foot- 
 hold. When the Australians relieved our men the following day, the officer in command tele- 
 phoned back that the Americans were there but wanted to continue with them. Their request 
 was communicated to General O'Ryan. 
 
 "I can't imagine that they will be any good; they must be all in after what they have gone 
 through," he said. "See if they really want to go on." 
 
286 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 "Yes, sir, we want to keep on" came the answer. "A lot have been wounded, but they all 
 want to stay." 
 
 In that stretch of fighting the 27th Division sustained about 4,000 casualties in killed, wounded 
 and gassed. The Division went back for a rest in the Bois de Bier, while the Allied forces poured 
 through the break which had been made in the Hindenburg Line. 
 
 Nor was the Boche in position then to rush any great number of reserves to that front. The 
 American Army was coming through the Argonne Forest and sweeping along the Meuse over 
 ground which the German commanders believed even more secure than the St. Quentin canal 
 sector. To add to the troubles of the Kaiser's army, the Second American Division with its 
 fighting Marines struck the line south of Laon near Rheims and prevented the withdrawal of 
 troops from that sector to aid either in the Argonne or at St. Quentin. Of the attack made by 
 the 2d Division, (with more than 250 Buffalo men) General Pershing said: 
 
 "On October 2-9, our Second and Thirty-sixth Divisions were sent to assist the French in an 
 important attack against the old German positions before Rheims. The Second conquered the 
 complicated defense works on their front against a persistent defense worthy of the grimest period 
 of trench warfare and attacked the strongly held wooded hill of Blanc Mont, which they captured 
 in a second assault, sweeping over it with consummate dash and skill. This Division then repulsed 
 strong counter attacks before the village and cemetery of Ste. Etienne and took the town, forcing 
 the Germans to fall back from before Rheims and yield positions they had held since September, 
 1914. On October 9, the Thirty-sixth Division, relieved the Second and, in its first experience 
 under fire, withstood very severe artillery bombardment and rapidly took up the pursuit of the 
 enemy, now retiring behind the Aisne." 
 
 Early in October the Allied advance on the St. Quentin sector had slowed up and the 27th 
 and 30th Divisions were again in demand. They were brought up to Le Selle River, and between 
 October 12 and 14 the 27th was put in the line at St. Souplet. The Division, by daring preliminary 
 raids, terrified the enemy into thinking it was many times its actual size. 
 
 On the 17th of October, again at the point of the wedge, the New York Division went into 
 and captured the town of St. Souplet, forded the Le Selle River and forged on beyond the high 
 railroad embankment, taking on this one day 1,400 prisoners, aside from an almost unbelievable 
 number of machine guns, a railroad train consisting of an engine and fourteen coaches and a 
 large amount of other material. 
 
 The battle, fought in the early morning, had been preceded on the 14th day of October by a 
 daylight raid. The raid was a remarkably planned and executed affair, demonstrating the valor, 
 intrepidity and exceptional efficiency of the American Army. It was deemed desirable to obtain 
 a number of German prisoners for informative purposes and volunteers were asked for to make a 
 foray on the enemy lines and bring back twenty prisoners. 
 
 The 108th Infantry furnished the raiding squad, among them John J. Grotty of Buffalo, a 
 corporal of Company D. The men left the lines under the protection of a barrage which was to 
 lift for a period of five minutes during which time the raiders were to enter the enemy line, secure 
 their prisoners and get back again before the barrage fell. Not a man was injured in the exploit. 
 For their gallant work the entire squad was cited. Crotty's citation follows: 
 
 27th division AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES— FRANCE 
 To Corporal John J. Grotty, Company D, 108th Infantry. 
 
 Your gallant conduct in the Field on October 14, 1918, at St. Souplet, France, in voluntarily serving as a member of a small raiding party 
 which crossed the Le Selle River and in the face of heavy fire, captured 23 prisoners, has been reported to me, and I take pleasure in commending 
 and making this record of your gallantry. 
 
 In the Field, France, (Signed) John F. O'Ryan, 
 
 November 1, 1918. Major-General Commanding. 
 
 On that battlefield the Division Commander impressed his will on the enemy so completely 
 that the victory was unqualified. 
 
 In front of the 27th Division on that occasion were the German 204th Infantry Division, the 
 243d Infantry Division, the 3d Naval Division, the 24th Infantry and the 15th Rifle Division. 
 
 The battle of Jonc-de-Mar Ridge was fought on the following day. It was also a prepared 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 287 
 
 attack and resulted in taking a large number of prisoners, machine guns and materials, and an 
 advance of several kilometers by the 27th Division, which took its objectives in the face of terrific 
 opposition. 
 
 It is a notable feature of the fighting of the New York Division that, in company with the 
 30th American Division, forming the Second American Corps, it was always at the point of the 
 wedge which was being driven into the enemy's strongholds. The 27th Division, throughout the 
 war, was used as shock troops and was hurled against the line where the enemy and his field 
 fortifications were the strongest. These two divisions took 6,000 prisoners, one-eighth of all the 
 prisoners taken by the American Expeditionary Forces in France. 
 
 TABULATED DATA OF THE 108th IN THE HINDENBURG OPERATION 
 
 Prisoners of War Captured 16 officers, 594 men 
 
 Machine guns Captured 33 (various types) 
 
 Casualties for the period were as follows: 
 
 September 26th 
 September 27th 
 September 28th 
 September 29th 
 September 30th 
 October 1st 
 Officers . . . 
 
 Total, 991 
 
 Enlisted Men 
 
 Wounded 
 
 Killed 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 30 
 
 16 
 
 518 
 
 154 
 
 36 
 
 12 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 611 
 
 195 
 
 Missing 
 
 
 
 
 19 
 3 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 E. S. Jennings, Colonel. 
 
 While the 108th was on its way to St. Souplet it was billeted for a while at Escaufort. On 
 midnight of October 13th the tired boys went to bed early. A shell struck one of the billets in 
 which they were sleeping, injuring several men and instantly killing Corporal Jack R. Rickets 
 while he slept. His body was filled with shrapnel. 
 
 On October 18th, the St. Souplet operation was in full swing. The boys had been fighting their 
 way through a mud hole, battling along under severest weather conditions. Private Stewart W. 
 Martin, of Company A, somewhat in advance of his company was hit with a large shell which 
 landed at his feet. He was blown to pieces. A little later the same day, I Company found itself 
 without a leader; the officer who had been assigned to the company was looking over his maps 
 as the line moved out; Private George A. Eberle stepped up in the absence of the officer, took 
 command of the boys and led them over the top. They fought through many a tough place 
 with the young private undauntedly and courageously leading them forward. A machine gun 
 bullet nipped his shoulder. A moment later several members of the company went down behind 
 him from the enemy fire. Finally, Eberle was hit in the side by a rifle bullet, but he refused to 
 leave the field. He dropped, however, before the objective was reached and died from his wounds. 
 Another private took the remnants of the company forward to the objective. 
 
 Private Joseph E. Lutz, Company G, was hit the same day and courageously went forward 
 until he fell from exhaustion. The first machine gun bullet hit him in the shoulder; the second 
 opened a bad scalp wound. He was unattended for some little time after he fell, and died in the 
 hospital on October 27th. 
 
 One of the Buffalo boys who went through the heart of the Hindenburg stunt and also the 
 fighting at St. Souplet was Corporal Joseph Yund. He passed safely through every battle in which 
 the 27th Division participated, returned with the Division to America early in March and was 
 sent to Camp Merritt awaiting the date for the divisional parade down Fifth Avenue. While 
 the regiment was in France Yund was offered an assignment as cook but declined it to remain 
 on the field with his company, where he was frequently admired for his coolness and courage 
 under fire as a Non Commissioned Officer. While at Camp Merritt he died suddenly of acute 
 indigestion less than ten days before the regiment was mustered out of service. 
 
 Another strange case was that of Sergeant Chris K. Redden, who virtually led the Machine Gun 
 Company of the 108th through all its fighting in France. A few days after the discharge of the Regi- 
 ment and the return of the boys to Buffalo, Redden fell down stairs at his home and broke his neck. 
 
288 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 The old 74th saw service in three battles, three major engagements and two minor engage- 
 ments. Its activities with the 27th Division may be summarized briefly as follows: 
 
 Battle of Hindenburg Line near Bony, France, September 29th and 30th, 1918; a prepared 
 attack with the 3d British Corps on the left and the 30th American Division and the 10th French 
 Army on the right, and the Australian Corps and the 9th British Corps participating. Opposed 
 to the Americans was the German Second Guard Division, 232d, 54th, 185th, 121st and 75th 
 Infantry Divisions. 
 
 Battle of Le Selle River, near St. Souplet, France, October 17, 1918. The 3d British Corps, the 9th 
 British Corps and the 10th French Army participated. Opposed to the Americans were the German 
 204th, 243d and 24th Infantry Divisions, the 3d Naval Division and the 15th Rifle Division. 
 
 Battle of Jonc de Mer Ridge, near Arbre Guernon, France, October 18, 1918. The same Allied 
 forces participated and were opposed by the same German divisions. 
 
 Major engagement of Vierstraat Ridge, near Mt. Kemmel, Belgium, August 31 to September 2, 
 1918. This was an advance to occupy this ridge and Mt. Kemmel, the enemy keeping up rear 
 guard actions. The 34th British Division and the British 2d Army participated. The German 
 236th, 8th and 52d Infantry Divisions opposed. 
 
 Major engagement of the Knoll, Guillemont farm and Quennemont farm, near Bony, France, 
 September 27, 1918. This was a preliminary fight by the 106th Regiment to gain the outworks 
 of the Hindenburg Line, preparatory to the following grand attack. They were unassisted and 
 the German 54th, 121st and 185th Infantry Divisions, the 75th Rifle Division and the 2d Guard 
 Division opposed. 
 
 Major engagement of St. Maurice River, near Catillon, France, October 19, 20, 1918. This was 
 an advance following the two days' battle cleaning up the machine gun nests to the river. The 
 British 3d and 9th Corps participated. Opposing were the German 204th, 243d, 24th Infantry 
 Divisions and the 15th Rifle Division. 
 
 Minor action of East Poperinghe line, Belgium, July 9 to August 20, 1918. This was the prep- 
 aration of the second line of defense behind Mt. Kemmel in anticipation of the German attack. 
 Artillery fire was constant. Various divisions of Prince Rupprecht's army opposed. 
 
 Minor action of the Dickebusch sector, Belgium, August 21 to 30, 1918. This was when the 
 Division was moved to the front in anticipation of the same attack. The same German forces 
 were facing them. 
 
 The regiment was in reserve when the Armistice was signed. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 289 
 
 CHAPTER LXXX 
 ON A FIELD OF CARNAGE DONOVAN FELL 
 
 BUFFALO was well represented in the fighting which carried the battle line across the Meuse 
 at Sedan and ended the war. Lieut. Col. Donovan's 165th Regiment had swept over the last 
 remaining hills on the west side of the Meuse, and the 77th Division, with its hundreds of 
 brave Buffalo boys, crossed the river in the same territory a little to the south of Sedan. 
 
 In the drive toward the Meuse about the middle of October Colonel Donovan fell on the hill- 
 side seriously hurt by a machine gun bullet which tore through his knee. The American forces 
 at that time were lacking in experienced leadership and the loss of the Lieut. Colonel was a hard 
 blow to his men. Though suffering intense pain and in need of immediate medical care, Donovan 
 refused to leave the field, but continued directing the battle from a dugout with fearless runners 
 carrying messages to his majors. He described those late October days in a letter to his wife, 
 saying: 
 
 Wednesday, October 23, 1919. 
 
 "A machine gun bullet at the knee just below the joint. A clean wound through from front to rear. A hole in the tibia — 
 a splinter from that hole extending downward for two and a half inches — in bed in a Paris hospital. There you have it. 
 American Red Cross No. 3, 4 Place Chevreuse. 
 
 "I wrote you last, did I not, from the Bois de Montfaucon? We were suddenly ordered forward to relieve another 
 Division, the 1st. The same old jumble of troops and camions and trains on the road, only now the roads more slippery 
 and more in need of repair. Our way led past freshly killed and yet unburied Germans, through unmistakable smell 
 of dead horses to a farm in a valley where we parked our wagons and disposed of our men. The farm house had been 
 used as a dressing station for one of the regiments of the other division. Outside was a huge collection of torn and 
 bloody litters, broken salvaged equipment, reddened underclothing and discarded uniforms, all of our own men — 
 the cast ofif of the dead and wounded. Within, however, was a nice fat Y. M. C. A. man in a suit of blue overalls 
 and a sombrero. He was in attendance at a big cauldron of cocoa while on a stand beside him was bread and, best 
 of all, beef. There could have been no better meal. They then arranged a bed in one of the ambulances into which 
 the Colonel and I crawled. I slept until 6 and then met the Battalion commanders and their company commanders 
 and went forward for a reconnaissance. We met the liaison officer of the other division and he apportioned the various 
 liaison agents to our groups. I talked with the Colonel of the 18th and took over his cellar for our colonel. Then I 
 went up to the position we were to occupy. 
 
 "The division preceding us had a terrific fight just three days before and the ground was a stew of dead — Boche 
 and American. One attack had evidently been made in the morning mist and as it cleared an entire company was 
 caught on a little rise. The bodies were laid out in rows. It was easy to determine the formation and the plans of the 
 different leaders. In one hole we found a wounded German who had lain there three days afraid to come out — 
 in another, a wounded German and wounded American who had crawled to the same hole, shared their water and 
 cigarettes, and then, rolling into the German's blanket, had gone to sleep. If we read that in a story book we would 
 not have believed it. I then went over the position. 
 
 "The support line was in rear of a long ridge running some 3 kilometers. This was the ridge the Germans had 
 held commanding the valley. I went to their machine gun positions. Gun after gun was there with the gunners 
 lying beside them, dead. From these positions I could look back across the valley and then it was easy to see how 
 heavy a toll could be demanded for entrance there. Over this ridge and into the next valley. Here the Germans 
 had a prison camp. The shacks of the officers had been on the northern slope of the ridge and had evidently been 
 well equipped. Now they were shell broken, full of gas, and in pitiful disorder. Near some of them were the bloody 
 torn bodies of what were evidently orderHes. In the valley itself were the prison buildings similar to all such in all 
 armies. The wooden shacks with bunks and small bit of land enclosed with barbed wire some ten feet high. On the 
 other side of the valley were two knolls which were the westerly continuation of the ridge you have read about as 
 the Cote de Chatillion. This was our advanced position. 
 
 "That afternoon we commenced our relief and at nightfall I went up and established my Post of Command on 
 the long ridge. I slept two hours that night under a shelter tent and except for a few telephone interruptions had 
 a good rest. With the telephone lying beside you it is not bad. I was on, as were all the men, the reverse slope, well 
 under the top. Our only danger was from splinters. Up here we pulled all the kitchens and were set. 
 
 "Two nights of this and then early on the morning of the 14th we received orders that the attack would be made 
 in the morning. There was a multitude of things to do and the orders coming so late they could not be done properly. 
 The brigade on our right was to advance first, all the guns being concentrated to assist it. Then two hours later all 
 the guns were to concentrate to help us. The party started. I moved to the forward position which they were shelling 
 
290 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 heavily. I could see no advance on our right. Our hour struck and promptly the leading battalion moved out. The 
 Germans at once put down a heavy barrage and swept the hill we had to climb with indirect machine gun fire. The 
 advance did not go well. There were green company commanders with the companies; liaison was not maintained; 
 the barrage was not followed closely; there was not enough punch. There were times when I had to march at the 
 head of the companies to get them forward. They would follow me. New men need some visible symbol of authority. 
 I could see nothing coming up on our right or left. They were crowding in, the resistance was becoming stronger. 
 The preparation had been hurried, proper instructions had not been sent; officers had been killed or wounded, N. C. 
 Os. the same; vast quantities of new untrained elements. We fought our way to within 500 meters of the line. You 
 know the Germans were entrenched with three parallels of wire and a position they proposed holding. The attack 
 as is always the case, finally languished. I sent for another battalion. It was late in arriving and in coming into 
 position. Not until 8 P. M. did I get it across, but it too was beaten back. Orders then came to stabilize for the 
 night. I was in a little shell hole with my telephone operation. For mess I had an onion, which was delicious and raw, 
 and two pieces of hardtack. At 1 A. M. the telephone went out and it was impossible to get in touch with the rear. 
 Patrols were sent out to tie with elements on our right and left. I knew an attack would come in the morning, but 
 I had no orders. I did not know how or where it would be launched, what artillery preparation, nothing. The night 
 passed only too quickly. I sent back for food but the lieutenant with his party never returned. Ammunition came up 
 and then at 6.20 the orders for an attack at 7.30. With such short notice it was impossible to get proper word to 
 all units and to make the best disposition. A heavy mist was hanging. I went around to the men and talked to 
 them. All of this was close to the German line. We had gained two kilometers the first day, the 14th, I should not 
 have been there but remained so because it would have had a bad effect on the men if I had taken position further 
 in rear. 
 
 Tanks were to be near to help us. Zero hour came but no tanks, so we started anyway. I had walked to the dif- 
 ferent units and was coming back to the telephone when — smash, I felt as if somebody had hit me on the back of the 
 leg with a spiked club. I fell like a log, but after a few minutes managed to crawl into my little telephone hole. A 
 machine gun lieutenant ripped open my breeches and put on the first aid. The leg hurt, but there were many things 
 to be done. The tanks then came along the road but almost immediately turned back either on account of smashed 
 mechanism or wounded drivers. The situation was bad. There was more defense than we thought and the battalion 
 was held up. Messengers I sent through were killed or wounded and messages remained undelivered. We were 
 shelled heavily. Beside me three men were blown up and I was showered with the remnants of their bodies. No 
 communication with the rear as the telephone was still out. Gas was then thrown at us, thick and nasty. Five hours 
 passed. I was getting very groggy but managed to get a message through, withdrawing the unit on the line and 
 putting another in place. Then they carried me back in a blanket. I told them to put me down but they said they 
 were willing to take a chance. It was a tough hike. At last the shelter of a hill. I turned things over to the major, 
 turned in a report, and then was taken on my way to the hospital.* 
 
 "I will tell you in detail just what is done with human baggage from the first aid station on. 
 
 "At the battalion first aid station they tied a tag to me — 
 
 Lt. Col. W. J. Donovan, 
 
 G. S. W. right knee, 
 
 Corbet, M. O. 
 
 meaning I had received a gun shot wound in the right knee. From there I was carried on a stretcher about 1 Yi kilo- 
 meters to the Regimental dressing station where my wound was dressed and I was placed in an ambulance. A tough 
 3 kilometers ride over shell-torn roads to the Field Hospital. I was hauled out and placed on the ground. It then 
 being determined that there was no immediate need of an operation I was sent on to the Mobile Unit. This was 
 about 4 kilometers further back, and all these rides were damned uncomfortable. 
 
 *Washington, June 4th (Associaied Press). — A bronze oak leaf cluster, to be worn with the distinguished service cross already awarded him, has 
 just been awarded to Colonel William J. Donovan of the 165th Infantry, whose home is at No. 734 Delaware Avenue, Buffalo. The announcement 
 of the War Department to-day states that the award is made for extraordinary heroism in action near Landres and St. Georges, France, October 
 14-15, 1918. The distinguished service cross was awarded Colonel Donovan August 28, 1918. In explanation of the award of the oak leaf cluster, 
 the War Department said: 
 
 " Colonel Donovan personally led the assaulting wave in an attack upon a very strongly-organized position and, when our troops were 
 suffering heavy casualties, encouraged all near him by his example, moving among his men in exposed positions, reorganizing decimated platoons 
 and accompanying them forward in attacks. When he was wounded in the leg by a machine-gun bullet, he refused to be evacuated and con- 
 tinued with his unit until it withdrew to a less exposed position." 
 
 Prom Buffalo Courier, March 9, 1919. — "There is no braver man in the army than Colonel Donovan," said Lieutenant Betty, "and he is no 
 'dugout commander,' but a man who took his medicine. I went out from the United States as a casual officer and was later assigned to the 165th 
 Infantry, and was at Colonel Donovan's side when he fell. 
 
 "It was on the morning of October 15th, and we were looking at a map of the battlefield. The tanks were coming up and it was the attack 
 on the German's last line. We were pushing them back. 
 
 "A Hun machine-gun sniper got Colonel Donovan in the knee. The bullet made a terrible wound and he went down, but at once rallied 
 despite the pain. 
 
 " We wanted to carry him back to a dressing station, but he refused to go. We coaxed him to no avail. We could see he was suffering, but 
 he just would not give up. Finally, after five hours of the fighting, during which he was directing his troops all of the time, he consented to be 
 taken back. Even then he went away on the stretcher protesting that he ought to stay. 
 
 "Since that I have seen him once in a hospital in Paris, and, of course, have heard he is back with the troops." 
 
 From New York Herald. — "Colonel Donovan," said Sergeant O'Brien, in discussing his old commander, "was, in my opinion, and the opinion 
 of every man in the command, the finest soldier in France. 
 
 "Other men may think it was Pershing or General Foch, but I will always hold to my opinion. I was in the old regiment for a number of 
 years, and went through the entire training period with it at Camp Mills, and was in every 'show' from the early days last winter until the armi- 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 291 
 
 "At this hospital I was taken in during a pounding rain. They took a complete record of my name, regiment, 
 rank, nature and date of wound. Then they stripped me and rubbed me over with a warm sponge. It being the 
 first in many days it was very welcome. Then the anti-tetanus injection. Then on a stretcher and put in a row in 
 the waiting room off the operating room awaiting my turn. I waited there and with eyes closed tried to get a little 
 repose. I heard someone say 'Hello, Colonel' and beside me was an enlisted man from my old battalion who was a 
 runner and who had been hurt after me. 
 
 "Placed on the operating table they saw no need for an operation and putting my leg in a splint turned me into 
 a ward. I was put between sheets. — Think of it! Beside me was an officer shot through the stomach and dying, 
 across two officers coming out of ether and asking the nurse to hold their hands or smooth their brows. In the next 
 ward a bedlam of delerium. 
 
 "I was surprised to find Bill Wood, brother of Chalmers. Bill Wood was with me in college and is here as a chaplain. 
 
 " Early in the morning the man next me died still calling for his wife and children. 
 
 "Pancakes for breakfast and then prepared for evacuation. Our cards containing our history were attached, and 
 we were loaded into ambulances and sent to Evacuation No. 10. It was in a pouring rain and the road was terrific. 
 I had with me several badly wounded officers who groaned the whole time, and I was not very comfortable, myself, 
 so that on the road things were not happy. 
 
 "At the Evacuation Hospital we were handled like pieces of freight. Put on a rack, and when your turn came put 
 in front of a checker who carefully noted your record. Then to bed. I was given a room. I was in an old French 
 barracks hospital. The nurse was a sister of Rose, the hammer thrower, and looked to me husky enough to handle 
 any of us. 
 
 "Two days here, the hospital overflowing, and then we were put on a French train, sixteen of us, officers and men 
 in a car. The stretchers and slings were most uncomfortable. We had coffee without milk, canned corn, beef heated, 
 and nothing else. I passed it all and dug up some Y. M. C. A. crackers I had been saving. We had a French orderly 
 on the train. An old Breton, most obliging. He knew no French yet always knew what the men wanted. All night 
 long this patient fellow worked, always awake and always smiling. 
 
 "Early in the morning we arrived here. I have a room with another officer. This was once the American some- 
 thing club. A club for American girls studying art. It is in the Latin Quarter. The food is good and wholesome, 
 the nurses are not beautiful but nice and competent. My floor is full of generals and colonels, the two other floors 
 captains, majors and lieutenants." 
 
 As soon as Lieutenant-Colonel Donovan's leg healed he rejoined his regiment which had gone 
 to Coblenz with the Army of Occupation after the signing of the Armistice. He was there com- 
 missioned a Colonel of the regiment which fought so gallantly behind him and which he so bravely 
 led. 
 
 stice was signed, and I know a soldier when I see one. Company D, my company, was in Donovan's battalion, when he was a major, and I had an 
 opportunity of knowing him pretty well. 
 
 "We used to discuss him between ourselves and not one man disagreed in the opinion that he would make a record. I have seen him advanc- 
 ing with men in places he had no right to be, and there were times when we believed it would be his last fight. I have seen him throw his arms around 
 the shoulder of some youngster who was receiving his first 'dose of medicine' from the Hun, and say: 'Buck up, old timer; you are not going 
 to let those Dutchmen lick you, are you? ' Maybe it was the way he said it, but, believe me, a word like that from him, and you would go througfi 
 hell. 
 
 "I have seen him jump right ahead of a shattered company that had lost all its officers, reorganize it, and lead it into the line again. He was 
 always doing things like that, and smiling while he was doing it. I noticed in a paper one day an item about Colonel Donovan, and it referred 
 to him as 'Wild Bill.' That's dead wrong. He's the coolest man I have ever met. But, what made a hit with the men was, he was always a 
 gentleman, and I want to say right now that he's the finest gentleman and the best soldier in the American army." 
 
 The citation on page 1 of General Orders, No. 99, War Department, 1918, relating to Major William J. Donovan, is rescinded and the following 
 substituted therefor: 
 
 William J. Donovan, Colonel, 16.5th Infantry. He led his battalion across the river Ourcq and captured important enemy strongholds near 
 Villers-sur-Fere, France, on July 28-31, 1918. He was in advance of the division for four days, all the while under shell and machine-gun fire from 
 the enemy, who were on three sides of him, and he was repeatedly and persistently counter-attacked, being wounded twice. His coolness, courage 
 and efficient leadership rendered possible the maintenance of this position. 
 
 For extraordinary heroism in action near Landres and St. Georges, France, October 14-1.5, 1918, Colonel Donovan is awarded a bronze oak-leaf 
 cluster to be worn with the distinguished service cross. He personally led the assaulting wave in an attack upon a very strongly organized position, 
 and wheri our troops were suffering heavy casualties encouraged all near him by his example, moving among his men in exposed positions, reorgan- 
 izing decimated platoons, and accompanying them forward in attacks. When he was wounded in the leg by a machine-gun bullet, he refused 
 to be evacuated and continued with his unit until it withdrew to a less exposed position. Home address: Mrs. Ruth Rumsey Donovan, wife, 
 742 Delaware Avenue, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
292 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER LXXXI 
 PUTTING THE LAST ONE OVER WITH THE OLD 65th. 
 
 ON October 23d the 106th Field Artillery was on the move to take its position behind the 
 79th on the east side of the Meuse. They continued in support until the Armistice was 
 signed, virtually firing up until 11 A. M. on the 11th day of November. Captain Gilchriese 
 concludes his story, continued from chapter LXXVIII: 
 
 "The following afternoon (October 23d) at 3 P. M. we started on the long march into posi- 
 tion behind the 79th Division. As it grew dark early we were perfectly safe in moving at that 
 time. We did not clear the woods for an hour, and by the time we were well under way on the 
 Verdun highway it was growing dark. W^e passed under the shadow of the mighty citadel of 
 Verdun and then turned north towards Thiville. As we were clearing Verdun, the fact that we 
 were in the front again was brought home to us by the old familiar w-h-e-e-e of an "arrive." 
 One huge Austrian gun continued to pound out hate on that impregnable old fortress, but it 
 never did much damage. 
 
 "Arriving in Charny we had to wait until 8 P. M. before we could cross the River Meuse at 
 that place. All crossings of the river are well regulated by the military police, and, as it was cus- 
 tomary for Jerry to bombard them at intervals when he thought they were well loaded, of course 
 we regulated our traffic accordingly. It was while waiting thus in Charny that we were informed 
 that Austria had quit. It certainly was inspiring news. Everyone was more than ever anxious 
 to get back to work and show the Hun what a 'fat' chance he had. We arrived in our new 
 position on October 29th." 
 
 Corporal Arthur B. Finkelstein, company clerk of Battery E, on November 1st, was taking 
 the payroll to the front line to be signed by the men when a shell landed in the road and blew 
 off his leg. He tried to crawl away but another shell come over, this time filling him with shrapnel, 
 which caused his death. Captain Grabau, medical man of the regiment, tried everything in his 
 power to save him, going out under shell fire. He, also, was wounded. 
 
 Cornelius Driscoll, another Buffalo man, gave up his life there, being burned to death at an 
 ammunition dump. 
 
 To resume Captain Gilchriese's narrative: "November 4th, in addition to our regularly 
 scheduled shoots, we plastered Jerry all over the country, picking out first a wagon train on the 
 road; then a column of artillery or troops moving out. Jerry was leaving the sector as fast as 
 American artillery would let him. You see we were not particularly anxious to have him quit 
 at this time — at least not until we had given him a good licking. 
 
 "The next day, November 5th, we caught another battery, and this time with the aid of a 
 balloon and ground observer we actually saw him busted up. Later when he tried to get a gun 
 out of position we were waiting and gave it to him properly. The observers reported several 
 casualties among the working party. 
 
 "That same afternoon, during continuous attacking by our infantry, the German division 
 attempted a counter attack. While he was massing his troops on the famous Trench de la Saucette 
 we were laying our guns on this same trench, in response to the urgent call from the infantry. 
 Just about the time that he was ready to attack, a shower of heavy artillery shells landed on the 
 trench. We could not see the result, of course, as it was defiladed from our view but when the 
 infantry took the trench the next morning they said it was strewn with dead Germans. We were 
 mentioned in orders for this and complimented by the Generals concerned for the accuracy and 
 rapidity of our fire. The counter attack blew up in a fizzle. 
 
 "The next morning at 7.45, we gave it to him again. The 79th Division was attacking. At 
 10.30 and again at 11.00 we were called on to put machine gun nests out for them which we did 
 with great alacrity. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 293 
 
 "November 9th, two days before the eventful 11th, we moved forward again to the last posi- 
 tion we were destined to occupy on this front. Of course it was raining; it always was when 
 the battahon moved. And what a position! Our road led through the well known Death Valley, 
 made passable during the last few days by the advance of our infantry. We pushed up into the 
 ravine below Ormont Farm into the most desolate looking place I had ever seen. The sides of 
 the road were torn to pieces; refuse, salvage piles of all sorts were scattered along the route; 
 dead, both enemy and American, were to be seen everywhere and everything was ruins. Our 
 infantry had just advanced two days before and the burial parties had not yet caught up with 
 their work. It was quite gruesome. The search for a battalion command post was a problem. 
 The only available dugouts were absolutely untenable, being filled with refuse and dead. In 
 addition, they were far up on the slope of a wooded hill, which although desirable from some 
 aspects, was not as easily accessible. By nightfall, however, we had ousted some transient engi- 
 neers from their comfortable elephant iron shelters and, by virtue of our rank, we occupied them. 
 Several dead had to be buried the next morning, but these things were becoming second nature 
 to the men of the detail. 
 
 "Having spent the night in the rain and mud, running telephone lines and placing the guns in 
 position for the next shoot, we prepared the position for defense the next morning This was 
 Sunday, November the 10th, and I will long remember it as a red letter day. It may be interest- 
 ing to note here that even at that late date the enemy had not quit fighting, for at four in the 
 morning several shells of heavy calibre landed in our vicinity, one of which sprayed our little 
 shelter with stones and debris. At 6 A. M. we made coifee from water drawn from a friendly 
 shell hole. 
 
 "On scheduled time our guns began. I could have wept for joy. Sitting at the telephone, one 
 of the aids reported our progress as it was reported to him from the front lines, and then at four- 
 twenty, we lifted the Cote Romange, far in advance of our doughboys and in the main line of 
 enemy resistance. The attack was made successfully and with very little loss, and the infantry 
 reported our fire had been very destructive. During the night and again on the morning of Novem- 
 ber 11th we were called on by our infantry brigade, with the result that we were firing on the 
 Hun almost up to the very hour of the cessation of hostilities. 
 
 "I may not mention the casualties other than to say that they were very light. We only had 
 three men killed, and not a great number wounded. During our two months in action, the regi- 
 ment fired a total of 33,036 rounds amounting to a total weight of 3,072,348 pounds. Our record 
 is excellent, we have received the commendation of superior officers, from our army corps com- 
 mander down." 
 
 The 102d Trench Mortar Battery kept company with the 106th in its course through the 
 Meuse-Argonne battle. 
 
 That battery was composed mostly of old I Troop men. Its duty was to dig in on the front 
 line and harass the German machine gun nests through the medium of Newton-Stokes six-inch 
 trench mortars. The record of the battery is remarkable. While supporting the 33d Division, 
 one of its feats was to wipe out completely the town of Hauremont, on the Etrey Road, north 
 of Verdun, where a machine gun nest had seriously impeded the progress of the infantry. Three 
 shots got the location and the next four cleared the path for the Illinois Division to break the 
 Kriemhild-Stellung line. The battery did not serve with the infantry of the 27th Division, but 
 was in co-operation with the artillery throughout. Although units of the 27th Division, neither 
 the old 65th nor old Troop I served with the Division. They were in the American sector through 
 all the activities of the American Expeditionary Force. 
 
294 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER LXXXII 
 GENERAL PERSHING'S STORY OF THE FINAL DAYS 
 
 ON October 18th, Grand Pre was completely in the hands of the 78th Division. The 77th 
 had broken down its outer defenses, and, according to their own historians had actually 
 taken the town. The 78th Division claims the 77th didn't take a lamp post in Grand Pre. 
 The claims of the 78th are not easily dismissed. On the right, the 82d Division had moved up and 
 had taken the town of Champigneulles. From the 18th of October to the 1st of November there 
 was no general advance on that part of the American front. The time was occupied in local attacks, 
 raiding parties and patrols. Many men lost their lives in those adventures, and a number of 
 Buffalo boys distinguished themselves during that period. On November 1st the 78th was joined 
 by the 77th. For the second time in the Argonne offensive the last named Division was sent 
 into the front line. 
 
 The big operation which finally wiped out the Bois de Loges and carried the Americans for- 
 ward forty kilometers, was started on November 1st with the 77th and 78th sweeping ahead, 
 side by side. Just before the big attack the 77th was brought up from the rest area, where the 
 men had been putting in about six hours a day drilling, and was placed in reserve to fill up a gap 
 as the line moved up. The 78th's artillery was put in as support. 
 
 Two days before the attack the 153d Brigade fired every gun at the barrage rate of 200 rounds 
 per hour for seven hours, combing through a great forest on the left flank as part of the preparation. 
 
 At zero hour the 78th stepped off from Grand Pre and in front of the Bois de Loges. Machine 
 guns stopped one brigade temporarily as these "typewriters" belched their spit of death, but a 
 little artillery concentration fixed that patch of woods. 
 
 One of the first men killed as they stepped off that morning was a Buffalo boy, Private Curtiss 
 T. Hibbard, D Company, 311th Infantry. His home was at 98 Gelston Street. Hibbard faced 
 the machine gunners who had not been reached by the barrage and died firing. 
 
 An interesting account of the last drive of the 78th Division was sent home by Private Shanahan 
 of G Company, 311th Infantry, November 12th, 1918: 
 
 "We were in a valley at the foot of the last wooded hill of the famous Argonne Woods. Here 
 on the last hill the Germans placed their all. Dotted here and there, every few yards, were 
 machine guns; also many machine-gun snipers located in the trees. We established our lines 
 along the ridge of this hill. We had remained here for eight days, and during that time I was 
 obliged to work both day and night. During the first four days or ninety-six hours I had but five 
 hours' sleep. This is almost unbelievable. During the day we helped carry the wounded to the 
 first aid, also ammunition and what food we could procure, and during the night stood guard or 
 sentr>^ duty, holding the Hnes with the Germans within hearing distance. We held these lines 
 until it was our turn to go over the top again. 
 
 "Well, to make it short, we were tired out the morning of our last trip, which I believe was the 
 worst top in the present war. We were called together at the foot of the hill at 1.00 A. M. and were 
 told by our officers we would hear within two hours the greatest barrage in history, which was 
 in progress along the entire front. The barrage started at 3.00 A. M. and lasted for many hours. 
 During the barrage we made preparations for our last trip over the top. We filled our canteens 
 with muddy water and were glad to find this water; shell-holes which collect the rain are the means 
 of our drinking water at times. We also greased our bodies for protection, or rather relief, from 
 mustard gas, as we expected much gas, having a tough section of the front and the Germans were 
 not going to give it up without a battle. For a stretch of many miles in back of this last hill was 
 nothing but the smooth plains or farm land of beautiful Alsace-Lorraine. We had, as we expected, 
 our toughest battle, the Germans had their machine guns lined up everywhere; we began at 5.00 
 A. M. and fought until 6.00 P. M. We shot many shells at them and my rifle was hot from the 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 295 
 
 Doughboys Shouting for Joy as Armistice is Signed 
 
 heat of the continual fire. We lost many men again and this time several boys from Buffalo, 
 among them Sergeant Gies,* Private Kuhnkie, Monsees, Sawyerf and a few more who resided in 
 the Black Rock section of Buffalo. There are but two lads that I know or rather from our locality 
 in Buffalo, with me — Jim Morgan and Ed. Nolan; they are both well. After driving the greater 
 part of the Germans a few hundred yards away and killing the most of them it was about 6 o'clock, 
 or dark. We established ourselves on the spot and jumped into the dug-outs the Germans occupied 
 but an hour ago, and there, with our own dead lads and very many Germans lying about, was 
 our temporary line. We threw hand grenades at the Germans and blew up many of their machine 
 guns. We started after them again the next morning and found — they had 'flown the coop'." 
 
 The 78th had become a combat division of considerable driving power. It had lost many men, 
 but had made an exceptionally creditable record, and won commendation from corps and divi- 
 sional commanders. 
 
 Just before the "jump off" in the final drive to the Meuse, Corporal Robert D. Lewis of Buffalo, 
 won the Distinguished Service Cross, near Grand Pre. His citation reads: 
 
 "Corporal Robert D. Lewis, Company M, 311th Infantry, A. S. No. 1749676. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grand Pre, France, 
 October 27, 1918. After his company had reached its objective. Corporal Lewis rendered valuable assistance in organizing positions on ground 
 swept by enemy fire. Alone, he flanked a machine gun position and captured two prisoners. While patroling between the outposts he was 
 wounded by machine gun fire." 
 
 Corporal Lewis is the son of Mrs. Elizabeth Parker No. 215 Gold street. 
 
 *"CoMPANY G, 311th Infantry, j^mbrican Expeditionary Force, November 22, 1918. 
 "Mrs. Matilda Gies, 354 East Street, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 " My dear Mrs. Gies. — This is the first opportunity I have had to express to you my heart-felt sympathy with you at the death of your son 
 Sergeant Walter E. Gies. 
 
 " Your son died bravely in the last big American Drive. He died in pursuing retreating Boche, and before his death assisted in the attack 
 which drove six German machine guns from a wooded crest. For his bravery under fire, I have recommended the awarding of the Distinguished 
 Service Cross. You may well be proud of his record as a soldier and as a man. 
 
 " His memory will live forever among the men of his Company. I feel his loss not only from a military, but also from a personal standpoint. 
 He was one of my best boys and we mourn his loss. "Very sincerely yours, 
 
 W. I. Emerson, Captain 311th Infantry." 
 
 t" France, February 27, 1919. 
 "My dear Miss Gibson. — Received your letter to-day and am answering it immediately. Bill (William Eugene) Sawyer, Company G, 311th 
 Infantry, was a very close friend of mine, and I am very sorry to tell you that the reports you have heard of his death are true. Bill was killed 
 in action at Grand Pre, France, about the first of November. He and another fellow had hopped into a dugout on the front lines when a shell 
 burst at the entrance. A flying piece of shrapnel hit Bill in the head and, also killed his comrade. I was talking to one of the lads of our Company 
 to-day who buried Bill — so you see there is no doubt. We lost a great many Buffalo boys there. Bill, like the rest of them, was game to the last. 
 Not only myself, but all the rest of our Company extend our sympathy. Tell his mother he did his duty and did it well." (Letter Irom Private 
 Leo F. Green, 2nd Bn. Supply Company, 311th Infantry.) 
 
296 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 No one had to "stand and take it" in a heavier way in the Argonne than the members of the 
 MiUtary Pohce. On the cross roads, always heavily shelled, they were obliged to direct traffic 
 and never had a friendly shell hole in which to seek cover. Lieutenant Scott, a popular Buffalo 
 boy who had won a commission at the Officers' Training Camp was killed while on duty with 
 the 2d Division, on November 1, 1918. The commander's report follows: 
 
 HEADQUARTERS SECOND DIVISION tREGULAR) AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES 
 
 "Germany, December 20, 1918. 
 "My dear Mrs. Scott. — It is my painful duty to write to you concerning the details of the death of your gallant husband, 1st Lieutenant Fay 
 M. Scott, 2nd Military Police Company. He was killed by shell fire at 3.40 A. M., November 1, 1918, just north of Fleville, on the main high- 
 road between Varrennes and Buzancy. The traffic was very heavy that night, in preparation for the attack on the following morning, and your 
 husband had been working along this road all night. The road was under continuous artillery fire a large part of the time, and was frequently 
 bombed by hostile airplanes. Sergeant Henry Ballard, 2nd Military Police Company, was with him at the time he was killed. He was buried by 
 Chaplain J. N. Pierce, of Division Headquarters, in the American military cemetery in Fleville. His grave is marked by a wooden cross, with 
 his name upon it. 
 
 " Your husband was an able officer, and was greatly esteemed and beloved by his comrades-in-arms. 
 
 "Your sincere friend, John A. Lejeune, 
 
 Major General, U. S. M. C, Commanding." 
 
 Corporal Bateman, 133 Livingston Street, distinguished himself in the closing days of the war 
 while his division (77th) was driving the Boche toward Sedan. The official citation of his bravery 
 tells the story: 
 
 "Corporal Henry Bateman, Headquarters Company, 307th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near St. Pierremont, France, 
 November 4, 1918. After passing through a heavily bombarded area Corporal Bateman learned that a soldier of his platoon had been wounded 
 and had fallen in the shelled area. He at once volunteered and went back for him, assisted in bringing him to a place of safety and later helped 
 to carry him through another shelled area to the first-aid station." 
 
 The 153d Artillery Brigade (78th Division), made up largely of Western New Yorkers, won 
 much commendation for its work in the Meuse- Argonne offensive and was chosen to lead off the 
 big barrage in the final phase. 
 
 The plans for the attack on November 1st were most carefully made, and a schedule of advance 
 was laid down. One regiment of Seventy-fives of the brigade was to limber up and move out 
 of its old positions at four hours after H hour, and two battalions of the heavy regiment were to 
 pack on their B. G.-5 powder and hike forward at five hours after H hour. The infantry was to 
 have cleared the way by that time. 
 
 A knowledge of the topography of the terrain, to use military language, is necessary to com- 
 prehend what happened that morning. All the old battery positions were behind a hill, but the 
 road to be followed in the movement forward twisted around the shoulder of this hill through a 
 little town called Senuc, and into direct observation from the enemy — that is, in direct observa- 
 tion unless the infantry had moved the enemy. 
 
 According to schedule the 307th Field Artillery limbered up and took the road, followed by 
 the other units, with Major B. G.-5 Wilder in the lead. Rounding the turn at a trot, as prescribed 
 in open warfare, this artillery stepped face to face with the Boche. 
 
 It is a tradition of the brigade that it never took a backward step, although the situation pre- 
 sented a fine opportunity for a panic, with guns and ammunition wagons and trucks clustered 
 as a target. The batteries went into positions along the Aire River without any attempt to camou- 
 flage, and combed the Bois de Loges with a fire that put the fear of God into the Boche machine 
 gunners and permitted the infantry to advance. There were some losses, but shortly the Hun 
 went back so fast it was impossible for the infantry to keep up with him. 
 
 The ammunition trucks of the 303d Ammunition Train were right up with the artillery, carry- 
 ing a day's fire for the brigade, which is 300 rounds per gun for the 75s and 150 rounds per gun 
 for the 155s. 
 
 The 77th, 42d, 2d, 89th, 90th and 5th Divisions were in the front line then as replacements 
 for tired fighters. This was the second trip up to the front for several of the divisions. General 
 Pershing tells of the final phase of this offensive and of the war: 
 
 "With comparatively well-rested divisions, the final advance in the Meuse- Argonne front was 
 begun on November 1st. Our increased artillery force acquitted itself magnificently in support 
 of the advance, and the enemy broke before the determined infantry, which, by its persistent 
 fighting of the past weeks and the dash of this attack, had overcome his will to resist. The Third 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 297 
 
 Twin 
 
 Gun that Fired the Last Shot 
 
 Corps took Aincreville, Doulcon, and Andevanne, and the Fifth Corps took Landres et St. Georges 
 and pressed through successive Unes of resistance to Bayonville and Chennery. On the 2d the 
 First Corps joined in the movement, which now became an impetuous onslaught that could not 
 be stayed. 
 
 "On the 3d advance troops surged forward in pursuit, some by motor trucks, while the artillery 
 pressed along the country roads close behind. The First Corps reached Authie and Chatillon- 
 Sur-Bar, the Fifth Corps, Fosse and Nouart, and the Third Corps Halles, penetrating the enemy's 
 line to a depth of 12 miles. Our large calibre guns had advanced and were skillfully brought 
 into position to fire upon the important hnes at Montmedy, Longuyon, and Conflans. Our Third 
 Corps crossed the Meuse on the 5th and the other corps, in the full confidence that the day was 
 theirs, eagerly cleared the way of machine guns as they swept northward, maintaining complete 
 coordination throughout. On the 6th, a division of the First Corps (42d Division) reached a 
 point on the Meuse opposite Sedan, 25 miles from our line of departure. The strategical goal 
 which was our highest hope was gained. We had cut the enemy's main line of communications, 
 and nothing but surrender or an armistice could save his army from complete disaster. 
 
 "In all 40 enemy divisions had been used against us in the Meuse- Argonne Battle. Between 
 September 26th and November 6th we took 26,059 prisoners and 468 guns on this front. Our 
 Divisions engaged were the 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 26th, 28th, 29th, 32d, 33d, 35th, 37th, 42d, 77th, 
 78th, 79th, 80th, 82d, 89th, 90th, and 91st. Many of our divisions remained in line for a length 
 of time that required nerves of steel, while others were sent in again after only a few days of 
 rest. The 1st, 5th, 26th, 42d, 77th, 80th, 89th, and 90th were in the line twice. Although some 
 of the divisions were fighting their first battle, they soon became equal to the best. 
 
 "On the three days preceding November 10th, the Third, the Second Colonial, and the Seven- 
 teenth French Coi-ps, fought a difficult struggle through the Meuse Hills south of Stenay and 
 forced the enemy into the plain. Meanwhile, my plans for further use of the American forces 
 
298 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 contemplated an advance between the Meuse and the Moselle in the direction of Longwy by the 
 First Army, while, at the same time, the Second Army should assume the offensive toward the 
 rich iron fields of Briey. These operations were to be followed by an offensive toward Chateau- 
 Salins east of the Moselle, thus isolating Metz. Accordingly, attacks on the American front had 
 been ordered and that of the Second Army was in progress on the morning of November 11th, 
 when instructions were received that hostilities should cease at 11 o'clock A. M. 
 
 "At this moment the line of the American sector, from right to left, began at Port-Sur-Seille, 
 thence across the Moselle to Vandieres and through the Woevre to Bezonvaux in the foothills 
 of the Meuse, thence along to the foothills and through the northern edge of the Woevre forests 
 to the Meuse at Mouzay, thence along the Meuse connecting with the French under Sedan." 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 299 
 
 CHAPTER LXXXIII 
 BUFFALO TANK CORPS FIGHTERS— "TREAT 'EM ROUGH" 
 
 WHEN America entered the war the "Tank" as an instrument of warfare was not in general 
 use in the American Army. Barbed wire entrenchments, serious impediments to an 
 offensive, required the invention of some means of destruction. The manufacture of tanks 
 then began. American-made tanks were rapidly coming to hand in France at the time the Armi- 
 stice was signed, but few, if any American tanks had been used during the war. Some Buffalo 
 boys, however, saw service in the Tank Corps, using "baby" French machines, their branch of 
 the service being referred to as the "Treat 'em Rough" crew. 
 
 Seven Buffalo boys picked up at Camp Dix were assigned in France to the 304th Brigade, 
 Tank Corps, U. S. A. They served with the Fourth French Army Corps until relieved on the 10th 
 of September, and were then attached to the First American Army Corps, being assigned for 
 service in the Meuse-Argonne campaign. 
 
 The 77th Division was attached to the First Army Corps, but a complete reconnaissance of 
 the front included between the "Foret D'Argonne and the Bois de Cheppy" revealed that tanks 
 could not enter into the work cut out for the 77th Division. It was determined that the character 
 of the terrain east of the Aire River and adjacent to it was the least unfavorable ground in the 
 area for the use of tanks, and since tanks were to be used they should be used on that front. 
 
 The Corps included three tank battalions, each battalion consisting of three combat companies 
 and one headquarters company and one repair and salvage company; In all 169 tanks were sent 
 to the Argonne front. The first groups arrived at the detraining point on the night of September 
 17th; the last group on the 23d, detraining under shell fire. The detraining point was a station 
 yard at Clermont. The tanks containing the Buffalo boys were assigned to attack with the 35th 
 Division. Their point of departure was a small wood about four kilometers north of Avancourt 
 Farm. 
 
 Due to the serious resistance encountered along the eastern edge of the Forest, especially in 
 the vicinity of Cheppy and Varrennes, and due to the lack of support of the infantry in that 
 section all the tanks had entered into action before evening of the first day. Colonel Patton was 
 injured while getting the tanks forward and rallying disorganized infantrymen. The resistance 
 encountered during the day was severe. The tanks, however, succeeded in reducing numerous 
 machine gun nests which had proven troublesome and sometimes fatal to the infantry ad- 
 vance. The first tanks reached Varrennes at 9.30 A. M., but the infantry did not get in until 
 1.30 in the afternoon. On the morning of the 27th, thirteen tanks of that brigade were out of 
 action. 
 
 Some tanks got off on the west side of the Aire River where the 77th Division was operating, 
 and, skirting along the edge of the Forest, knocked over a number of machine gun nests; captured 
 a number of prisoners — all machine gunners. They were turned over to the infantry. On the 
 morning of the 28th eighty-three tanks were ready for operation, and practically every division 
 had in a request for tank assistance. The difficulty of the terrain, however, impeded the work 
 of the tanks, while machine gun nests impeded the advance of the infantry. 
 
 The tank leaders report that on September 28th the tanks took the town of Apremont five 
 times before the infantry would enter, consolidate and exploit the success. The tanks continued 
 in operation through the entire Argonne fight, and rendered splendid assistance. From October 
 16th to November 1st, the provisional company remained in reserve at Exermont. On November 
 1st fifteen tanks took part in the general advance, five being directed against St. Georges and the 
 balance against Landres-et-St. Georges. The work of the tanks in that advance was commended 
 highly by the Commanding General of the Second Division, with whom they were then operat- 
 ing. Three of those tanks penetrated as far as the corps objective, and one entered the northern 
 
300 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 outskirts of Buzancy. North of Landres-et-St. Georges three tanks flanked and captured a 
 battery of 77's complete. 
 
 The Buffalo boys assigned to the Tank Corps served through the entire Argonne campaign. 
 
 The only Buffalo officer in the American Tank Corps of whom we have a record was Lorenzo 
 F. Ward of 112 Bird Avenue. Sergeant Frank J. Williams who won the Distinguished Service 
 Cross served with the British in a battle tank used against the Hindenburg line. Ward went 
 away from Buffalo with the Selective Service Detachment of September 26th, 1917, proceeding 
 to Camp Dix where he remained until the following January, sailing on the U. S. Transport 
 Huron, arriving at Brest on February 5th. He went across with a casualty company intended 
 as a replacement for the First Division, but a number of the men were transferred to the 41st 
 (Sunset) Division. About the middle of February a call was made for volunteers to serve in the 
 Tank Corps, and seven Buffalo men offered their services out of that Selective Service detach- 
 ment, Ward being among them. They went into training for tank service immediately and were 
 so engaged up to about August 20th when the Divisional Brigade Tank Corps was organized. Buffalo 
 boys with their tanks went into the support of 26th Division on the right at St. Mihiel and later 
 they moved over to the left of the line where they operated with the 42d Division and the 1st 
 Regular Army Division. For his services in liaison work at that time. Private Ward was advanced 
 to the rank of Corporal and he was acting as a runner with Colonel Patton in the early days of 
 the Argonne Drive, supporting the 77th and 35th Divisions. He was with Colonel Patton at the 
 time the latter was wounded. In the fighting that followed, while carrying a message as a corps 
 runner for division headquarters, he was lost within the German lines and spent the time from 
 10 o'clock one morning until 4 P. M. the following day crawling under brush to bring his message 
 through. For that service he was promoted to Sergeant on October 24th, and after the armistice 
 was signed was given charge in moving the Brigade from France to the United States in the 
 capacity of Sergeant Major, and also had charge of overseeing the work of demobilization. The 
 Corps was discharged on April 11th, 1919. 
 
M 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 301 
 
 CHAPTER LXXXIV 
 
 HANDLING GAS ON THE WESTERN FRONT 
 
 ANY Buffalo and Western New York boys entered the chemical branch of the service, 
 and most of them were sent either to laboratories for instructions in gas manufacture, 
 or to the plants where gas was manufactured. One of the largest gas plants was located 
 at Niagara Falls. While chemical experts were thus employed, it was reserved for Raymond J. 
 Geitner, chauffeur, 155 Lutheran Street and one other Buffalo boy to land in the 1st Gas Regi- 
 ment. Geitner enlisted August 25th, 1917, as a mechanical chauffeur, and left Buffalo within a 
 few days for Fort Slocum. He never engaged in any of the duties of a mechanical chauffeur, for 
 he was sent from Fort Slocum to the American University at Washington and started in with 
 gas training. 
 
 The 1st Gas Regiment was formed there, and, after two months' intensive training, left on 
 December 25th, 1917, for France. They arrived at Brest on the 9th day of January. 1918, and 
 went direct to the British front where they went into actual training on the line. The need for 
 speed was occasioned by the shortage of gas workers and as there were none back of the line, 
 they were forced to go up to the front to continue their work. There they engaged for two months 
 in actual warfare on the line, with mustard gas, phosgene gas and a tear gas. They also worked 
 with thermite burning out machine gun nests. Thermite was used in a shell shot out of a trench 
 mortar of the Stokes type. They also used TNT. 
 
 After working on the line for two months they returned to Lavilla-aux-Boies, about six miles 
 from Chaumont, where they met Companies C and D of the gas regiment and gave them a train- 
 ing, returning then to the American sector. The First Gas Regiment was engaged at Chateau 
 Thierry, St. Mihiel and the battle of the Argonne. They were in the line from the 7th day of 
 May until the 11th day of November and saw a great deal of service. Speaking of their work 
 Geitner said: 
 
 "Two weeks before the Chateau Thierry drive we started to shell with gas and sent over 34 
 tons of gas. As a result it took the Germans four days to carry out their dead and wounded. 
 In this operation we lost only one American officer. This was due to the explosion of a gun. The 
 Stokes Mortar which we used for gas was merely a big iron tube and the shells were set off in 
 these by exploders. There was considerable play in the bore and the shells were a little rough. 
 When the shell was about to go off everyone would have to get away from it as quickly as possible. 
 Sometimes they were only set off once a night, and if the enemy didn't succeed in destroying 
 the gun the next day or possibly the same night, we would recover it for use the next night. The 
 Chateau Thierry shoot took in about 800 guns which were shooting over gas, TNT, etc." 
 
 (The information for that barrage. General Bundy reports, was obtained from an old mason 
 who knew which buildings in the town had cellars under them. The Germans were hiding in 
 those cellars and the American artillery missed none of them. It was a most efficient barrage.) 
 
 "In the St. Mihiel drive we worked continuously from the 12th until the 17th of September 
 sending over high explosives, putting up smoke screens for the infantry and burning out machine 
 gun nests with thermite. The same sort of work was done in the Argonne Forest. This gas was 
 brought up to our regiment in tanks on motor trucks and we then placed it in shells. Some was 
 in the form of paste, and the balance in powder form. We carried it into position ourselves. 
 Sometimes this was for a distance of two to four miles. After the gas was put in the shells and 
 these were in position the timers and exploders were put on the shells. They were then placed in 
 the guns and set off by exploders. These guns were anywhere from 12" to 14". The shells we 
 used weighed from 90 to 100 pounds, and we would send over our material in conjunction with 
 the artillery in a barrage. 
 
 "The work of our gas regiment was done either from the first line or as far as 250 yards in 
 
302 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 advance of the first line. We worked in platoons, 60 men to a platoon and these 60 men would 
 take care of from 400 to 600 guns. This refers to Stokes Mortars. 
 
 " When we used the trench mortars we would pile the shells along side of us and five men worked 
 in a team with one gun and we would explode from 18 to 25 shells a minute continuously for a 
 half hour. Then we would rest perhaps for two hours and then continue at the same rate of fire. 
 This we kept up nightly for periods of ten hours' duration. That was not only with gas, but included 
 thermite and TNT and these operations would be carried on from the most advanced position 
 possible. Our shells would take effect from 10 to 2,200 yards distance. 
 
 "The TNT I spoke of was used in shrapnel shells, but the kind of shrapnel shells we used 
 exploded a short distance from the. ground. We were at no time connected with the artillery, 
 but worked as a separate unit in the advanced positions. Thermite was used after the 'pill 
 boxes' were broken open by artillery fire or one pounder bombardment. Then we would start 
 shelling with thermite and the shells were timed to go off in the air above the machine gun nest 
 or pill boxes and would produce a shower of fire which would melt any metal it came in contact 
 with and burn a human body to a crisp. When the shells would go off at night the thermite 
 would resemble the effect of a Roman-candle like we use at home on the Fourth of July; a ball 
 of fire and then a spray." 
 
 The First Gas Regiment was the only offensive gas troop used by the American Army in France. 
 The regiment returned on the Celtic arriving in New York, Sunday, February 2d, 1919. Major 
 John B. Carlock of San Francisco, who commanded the regiment stated that Geitner and his 
 associates did their most effective work in the Argonne. He said : 
 
 "At the beginning of the Argonne attack on September 26th the two most formidable posi- 
 tions in the enemy front line were Hill 263, on the edge of the forest, and a huge knob on which 
 was the ruined village of Vauquois, about two miles to the east. It was almost impossible to 
 take these points by direct assault. The gas troops flooded these positions just before the attack 
 began with white hot molten metal, gas, liquid fire, and smoke, after which the first wave batta- 
 lions passed between and around these strong points with little interference. They were also 
 of great use in laying smoke screens to cover the advance of the infantry, and also to draw artillery 
 fire. The success on November 10th, when the United States Marines crossed the Meuse, was 
 brought about largely by our smoke screens. 
 
 " It is not generally known that the gas regiments by leading as they did every offensive were 
 subjected to greater danger than perhaps any other. This is borne out by the fact that 50 per 
 cent of our regiment are casualties, mostly the result of machine gun fire. This extended to the 
 officers also in a marked degree. " 
 
 The Major added that at the time the armistice was signed there were two regiments and 
 three battalions in training, so that the gas warfare would have played a prominent part had 
 the war continued. Major Carlock paid a tribute to the 77th Division for its wonderful work and 
 tenacity in holding out against heavy odds. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 303 
 
 CHAPTER LXXXV 
 HONORS FOR GREATEST GAINS TO 77th DIVISION 
 
 THE 77th or "Liberty Division" suffered a grand total of 9,611 casualties — 317 officers and 
 9,294 men, as follows : Sixty-Nine officers and 1,299 men were killed in action ; ten officers and 
 188 men died of wounds received in action; sixty-nine officers and 1,894 men were severely 
 wounded ; eighty-two officers and 2,889 men were slightly wounded ; seventy-one officers and 2,297 
 men were gassed ; thirteen officers and 696 men were missing; three officers and thirty-one men were 
 reported prisoners in Germany. The very small number of reported prisoners is notable, it 
 indicates that the spirit of the "Lost Battalion" was the spirit of the whole Division at all times. 
 
 The 77th Division captured 750 prisoners (thirteen officers and 737 men), as follows: No 
 officers and three men in the Baccarat training sector; no officers and twenty-seven men on the 
 Vesle; twelve officers and 619 men in the Argonne Forest drive; one officer and eighty-eight 
 men in the advance from the Aire to the Meuse. 
 
 The 77th Division is credited with capturing 7,600 rifles, eighteen pieces of heavy artillery, 
 fourteen pieces of light artillery, forty-six trench mortars and 277 machine guns, yielding the 
 following interesting analysis: No material of any kind in the Baccarat sector; 1,000 rifles and 
 twenty-five machine guns on the Vesle, but no artillery; 3,400 rifles, five pieces of heavy artillery, 
 three pieces of light artillery, thirty-five trench mortars and 155 machine guns in the Argonne 
 drive; 3,200 rifles, thirteen heavy guns, eleven Hght field pieces, eleven trench mortars and ninety- 
 seven machine guns in the Aire-Meuse advance. 
 
 The 77th Division gained a total of 713^ kilometers (about 45 miles), as follows: Nothing in 
 the Baccarat training sector; 12 kilometers in the advance from the Vesle to the Aisne; 22 kilo- 
 meters in the drive through the Argonne; 3732 kilometers in the advance from the Aire to the 
 Meuse. They carried off the honors of making the greatest advance of any Division. 
 
 The 77th Division operated in four different front sectors (one quiet, three active), being in 
 the front line for a grand total of 112 days, as follows: Forty-five days in the quiet Baccarat 
 training sector; thirty-five days in the active Vesle sector; twenty days in the Argonne drive; 
 twelve days in the advance from the Aire to the Meuse. 
 
 The draft boys who left Buffalo during May and June, 1918, for Camp Dix eventually found their 
 way into the 87th Division. Other Divisions followed them into France, but the boys of the 87th 
 were about the last of the selective service divisions from Western New York to be trained in France- 
 for combat service — though they fell short of active service at the front by about four days. 
 
 After training at Camp Dix until August 25th, 1918, they left for Hoboken and on the follow- 
 ing day boarded the English ship Khiva — a freighter. They formed part of a large convoy with 
 the usual naval escort of cruisers and destroyers. One of the ships in the convoy was torpedoed 
 near the other side and beached on the Irish coast. Virtually all were saved. The Buffalo boys 
 landed at Tripoli Docks, England, September 9th, and proceeded to Manchester the same day, 
 remaining there over night. They landed at La Havre, France, September 11th, just two months 
 before the close of the war. Filling in the time at drill and in the so-called rest camps for several 
 days they were then sent to aid the engineers in building Camp San Coine, serving in what was 
 known as the S. 0. S. — Service of Supplies. For nine weeks they plugged along in that work. 
 It was while building the camp word came of the signing of the Armistice and soon preparations 
 were under way for the return home of the Division. 
 
 The men were practically through with their work in camp building and word had come that 
 they would be relieved by a new division and sent to the front, possibly for the Army of Occupa- 
 tion ; in fact, they did go to Lugon shortly after the cessation of hostilities. They were back home 
 early in March. The 87th was known as the Acorn Division and its members did valiant work back 
 of the lines at a critical period in the progress of the war though they did not get into the fighting. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 305 
 
 CHAPTER LXXXVI 
 U. OF B. AND CANISIUS STUDENT ARMY CORPS 
 
 IN connection with the selective service registration of September 12, 1918, President Wilson 
 provided for the organization of the Student Army Training Corps to be administered by 
 the Committee on Education and Special Training of the War Department. This step became 
 necessary and desirable because of the fact that the draft took into its net the college students 
 of the Nation. The primary purpose of the Corps was to utilize the executive and teaching per- 
 sonnel and the physical equipment of the educational institutions to assist in the training of the 
 new armies. The facilities of the colleges were especially useful for training officer candidates 
 and experts of all kinds to meet the needs of the service. 
 
 Members of the Student Army Training Corps, having been inducted into the service, were 
 thereafter not subject to call by their local boards. It was expected that the members of Collegiate 
 Sections would be transferred from institutions every three months in age groups, the twenty- 
 year-old men going first, the nineteen-year-old men going next, and the eighteen-year-old men 
 last, roughly corresponding to the periods at which men of these ages were called under the Selec- 
 tive Service Law. As these groups left the colleges their places would be taken by new contingents 
 obtained by individual induction or, if necessary, from depot brigades. Students of such subjects 
 as engineering, chemistry and medicine might have been required to finish their courses where 
 the needs of the service made that desirable. 
 
 Members of Vocational Sections would ordinarily remain at the institution for two months and 
 then be assigned to various branches of the service in which technicians were needed. 
 
 Buffalo had two Student Army Training Corps, the University of Buffalo and Canisius College. 
 
 Student Army of Canisius College at Drill on the College Grounds, Main and Jefferson Streets 
 
306 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 The students attending those institutions were inducted into the United States Army about 
 October 1, 1918. Canisius College having a barracks in the Deaf Mute Institute at Main Street 
 and Dewey Avenue, the students of that institution left their homes and took up their military 
 training as they would have done had they been placed in any of the army training camps. Owing 
 to the difficulty experienced in securing proper quarters for a barracks the University of Buffalo 
 students were obliged to spend their nights at home; and, as the Armistice came quickly after 
 the students had swung into their training schedule, the Student Army Training Corps never 
 turned out its products for actual service. The students had some weeks of training, and all were 
 determinedly and rapidly perfecting themselves so as to be able to render efficient service to their 
 country when the time should come for them to join their brothers overseas. They were dis- 
 appointed because that opportunity never came; the boys who did go overseas say those who 
 did not go were fortunate — all others were out of luck. But they never entirely succeeded in 
 convincing the men at home that they were right. 
 
 Chancellor Charles P. Norton at the head of the University of Buffalo assigned Dean Willis 
 Gregory as head of the Student Army Training Corps at the University of Buffalo, while Pres- 
 ident Rev. George Krim of Canisius College turned the task over to the Rev. Father Miles O'Mailia, 
 afterwards commissioned Chaplain Captain, 65th Regiment. Father O'Mailia was then dean of 
 the college. 
 
 Captain Paul H. Calongne of the Regular Army was detailed to Canisius as commanding 
 officer of the Student Army Training Corps, while Lieutenant William Riley was detailed to 
 command the Corps at the University of Buffalo. Both men were exceptionally good officers 
 and won the friendship and esteem of the boys in their respective institutions. 
 
 The demobilization of the Buffalo Student Army Training Corps units began on December 
 1st, and before Christmas all students of the Training Corps had been honorably discharged 
 from the United States Army. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 307 
 
 CHAPTER LXXXVII 
 BATTLING ABOVE THE CLOUDS 
 
 A VIATION began in Buffalo in 1909 when the Aero Club of Buffalo was organized, but it was 
 Za not until 1915 that military aviation began to attract attention as a consequence of the 
 -^ -*- development in the World War. During the winter of 1915-1916 the formation of an Aero 
 company in the New York National Guard was proposed and under the leadership of John M. 
 Satterfield, the 2d Aero Company, Signal Corps, N. Y. N. G., was organized. At the time of 
 the Mexican trouble, in the early summer of 1916, the 2d Aero Company was called into Federal 
 Service and ordered to the Federal aviation field at Mineola, N. Y., for training preparatory to 
 duty on the Mexican Border. The officers then were: Captain John M. Satterfield, Lieutenant 
 Morgan B. More and Lieutenant Russell W. Bryant. After training there for some time, the 
 Company returned to Buffalo in the Fall of 1916 and continued its training at the Curtiss Flying 
 Field in this City. 
 
 Later on, when it became apparent that war with Germany was inevitable, the Buffalo Com- 
 pany, fully equipped and financed, was offered to the United States Government and accepted. 
 The Company expected to be called into service as a unit, but the War Department decided 
 that it could use these trained men to best advantage by taking them as individuals and sending 
 them to various points where most needed. Accordingly, the Buffalo company — the first fljdng 
 company offered to the Government — was soon scattered and the members went into the war 
 widely separated. A large percentage of the officers and men of the old 2d Aero Company were 
 sent overseas and did excellent work in France and England; some were retained in America to 
 assist in the development of the Air Service here and many of the Buffalo air men, notably 
 Charles P. Penney, were among America's ablest instructors on the great Kelly Field in Texas. 
 Lieutenant Penney, a son of Thomas Penney, well-know Buffalo attorney, was one of three 
 brothers in the service. 
 
 While the production of American planes lagged perceptibly during the year of 1917, toward 
 the close of the war they were rapidly coming to hand. Most American aviators overseas were 
 at first flying British and French planes. They were engaged in blowing up railroad yards, ammu- 
 nition depots, bombing villages filled with the enemy and were rapidly getting into the heart of 
 Germany. On most of the American fronts in the difficult days of the war, the German aviators 
 had control of the air, but every day saw more American planes in arrow-head formation cutting 
 the cloud path toward the enemy. 
 
 The entrance of the Liberty planes marked an important day in history. Aeroplane bombers 
 had created a great deal of havoc. The Liberty bombing planes entered into that field of action. 
 Back of the battle front the bombs lie hidden, looking much Uke the shells the soldier saw by 
 the hundreds of thousands in the Franco-American dumps in the woods and along the camou- 
 flaged roads within the artillery positions. An eye witness of an expedition starting out on a 
 bombing drive said all of a sudden all hands would be exceptionally busy. On the particular day 
 here referred to there was rain in the sky, but the raid had been scheduled for a certain hour 
 and the preparations had to be made to the last detail. Three men were used in handling a bomb. 
 They carried them to the wings and fastened them and then inserted the detonator. Meanwhile, 
 three or four men were testing out the motor and the wires and three more men were holding 
 down the tail, so that altogether there were some ten about each plane. It took two men to 
 start the motor by turning the propeller, one holding the other's hand and jerking him as in 
 the schoolboy's game of snap-the-whip. The resulting whirlwind and roar emphasized the Liberty's 
 power. 
 
 A Buffalo boy who gradually worked into the bomb service was George Toohill of 325 Four- 
 teenth Street, who became a Corporal in the 182d Aero Squadron. While out with his bombing 
 
308 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Falchaire, Noted French Ace, About to Land on Meadow at Delaware Park 
 
 plane one night on a trip to Metz the big machine was cut off by three German fliers. Early in 
 the attack Toohill was struck in the leg, below the knee, by a machine gun bullet fired from one 
 of the German planes. As he bent over, below the fuselage to rub his injured leg one of the Ger- 
 man air men dropped an aerial bomb which exploded alongside of the Allied plane. Toohill was 
 rendered temporarily unconscious and when he came to the big plane was in a tail spin. He 
 states that he righted the plane and brought her down although the engine was out of commis- 
 sion. This attack had occurred on a particularly dark night and when the plane hit the ground 
 the young aviator was again rendered unconscious. W^hen he was able to pull himself out of his 
 seat he said he was covered with blood and reaching into the seat behind him found that the 
 mechanic had his head blown off. His own teeth were all shattered, not a solid tooth having 
 been left in either jaw. He was taken to the hospital and after recovery was sent home to Buffalo. 
 He was obliged to use a complete set of new teeth both upper and lower. 
 
 Flying with the French bombers before the organization of the Liberties, Lieutenant Paul M. 
 Green and Lieutenant W. W. Waring of Buffalo achieved considerable success and prominence 
 in their work. Green had an experience which earned for him the Croix de Guerre. This happened 
 at Ouichy, where he was operating in company with Lieutenant Patterson. They had gone far 
 into Germany and were finally cut off from the rear by an overwhelming number of German 
 battle planes that were trying to force the Americans to land. Green and Patterson decided to 
 fight it out to the end and in order to have a better chance for their lives they had to lighten 
 ship. Accordingly they began looking for a good place to drop their pills (aerial bombs), but 
 they had been zig-zagging so much that they were not sure they were in the enemy lines. They 
 decided then to go farther to the north, and did so, the pleased Germans believing they were 
 steering for a landing place. In this journey, Green and Patterson arrived at a low altitude over 
 an in\dting bit of woods and on the pilot's signal. Lieutenant Patterson pulled the handle. The 
 bombs fell. There was an explosion followed immediately by a still greater explosion and by a 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 309 
 
 • "„ j^,- . IkV'^ ^ 
 
 Ensign Thomas E. Maytham at End of Endurance Flight 
 
 The trip was taken in December, 1918, from Key West to Tampa, to Cape Sable and Palm Beach. 
 
 Distance, 850 Miles 
 
 continued series of explosions, and mustard and lethal gases rose in the air and their colors were 
 shown in bursts in the woods. Relieved of its excess baggage, the plane was able to meet its 
 adversaries and the two aviators broke through the enemy line. Several days later, while they 
 were still rejoicing over the mere fact that they were home and not in Germany, there arrived 
 notice of citations for the French war crosses. They had unconsciously hit and destroyed one of the 
 best camouflaged enemy munitions dumps in France. 
 
 Lieutenant W. W. Waring participated in the remarkable bombing expedition in which eight 
 American planes, all Liberties, were attacked by three German squadrons. At the very beginning 
 of the engagement, which was well within the German lines, the observer of the American leader's 
 plane was shot and fell across the control wires in the rear cockpit. This jammed the pilot's 
 control and unable to turn his bus, he continued the running fight ten miles farther into Ger- 
 many. Then, fortunately, the body on the wires shifted with a sudden gust of wind hitting the 
 plane, and the leader turned for home, the rest following. "It was the tightest fight in which 
 Norris and I participated," said Lieutenant Waring. "One of the groups of enemy planes con- 
 sisted of the red-nosed Albatross. The other was black and white bellied Fokkers and the third 
 was the silver-grey Phalz, an old type of plane which was not feared by our swifter Spads, but 
 which was nevertheless, a formidable enemy for a heavy plane. There were at least 30 Boches 
 attacking us at one time, and all of us used up about all our ammunition either on the way in or 
 out. One of the Germans came in close and shot the red bead off Morris's sights. The same 
 German came in front of my guns and later, as we turned, Norris got a chance at him and he 
 rolled over on his silver-grey belly and fell, a most beautiful sight when the sun sparkled on him. " 
 Lieutenant Waring had flown several types of bombers and did remarkable work for the aerial 
 service. Shortly after the last mentioned exploit however, he was taken ill and died in a hospital 
 in France. 
 
310 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Lieutenants Waring and Norris h^d the Liberty Motor record of accumulating 37 bullet holes 
 in their plane and landing untouched. This last record was outdistanced later, however, by Lieu- 
 tenants Green and Patterson who, while with the French were shot down in a Breguet in which 
 they found 132 bullet and shrapnel holes. The aviators made a forced landing not only within 
 the Allied line, but on a strange aerodrome, and while they were extricating themselves from 
 the wreckage, a young French aviator appeared who inquired about their wounds. They said 
 they were unhurt. " Then come in for dinner. You are just in time," said the Frenchman. Lieu- 
 tenant Green said this young Frenchman wore a Croix de Guerre about a foot long to take care 
 of 15 or 20 palms which were pinned on it. He was Fonck, the noted French Ace. Lieutenant 
 Green at that time was reported as missing in action, but was soon back again with his Company. 
 
 A Buffalo flier of great fame, who gave his life for the cause, was Lieutenant John Mac- 
 Arthur, American Ace and winner of the Distinguished Service Cross, who died on August 9th 
 of wounds received in action. 
 
 Lieutenant MacArthur lies buried in the Military Cemetery at Origny in Thierache, France. 
 He was reported "missing in action" on July 20th in an air battle about thirty miles inside the 
 German lines. It is now learned that he was shot through the lungs, fatally wounded, and taken 
 prisoner. He was removed to a German hospital and lingered until August 9th when he died. 
 He was the fourth American-trained Ace, having seven official planes to his credit. On June 13th 
 he successfully led a patrol against a superior number of enemy airplanes, dispersing them and 
 being officially credited with the destruction of one. On June 25th he was one of a formation of 
 three machines answering an alert. His patrol surprised and attacked two enemy aircraft, and 
 he with skill and rigorous determination fired on a two-seated machine, despite hot fire from both 
 of its guns, forcing it to the ground. On August 19th he was awarded (posthumously) the Dis- 
 tinguished Service Cross. The French Government has also conferred upon him the Croix de 
 Guerre with palm and the Cross of the Legion of Honor. Lieutenant MacArthur enlisted August 
 11, 1917, and received his training at the School of Military Aeronautics at Princeton and at 
 Fort Worth, Texas, being given his commission in the air service on January 17, 1918. He 
 went overseas with the 27th Aero Squadron early in March, 1918. From June, 1916, to 
 March, 1917, he served with a Connecticut National Guard regiment at Tobyhanna, Pa., and 
 also in Texas. 
 
 Lieutenant William T. Jebb, Jr., who went to France in the first American Ambulance Corps 
 in June, 1917, and later entered the American Aviation Section, trained in the Aviation camp at 
 Issoudan, near the center of France, which was one of the largest training schools for aviators 
 on the western front. Speaking of Lieutenant MacArthur, Lieutenant Jebb said: "Lieutenant 
 MacArthur, the Buffalo Ace, was a student while I was training. He was a crack shot and a 
 wonderful flier. He was one of the best fliers the school turned out and he was the envy of all 
 of us. It was a great shock to all of us when we heard he died in a German prison. " 
 
 Lieutenant Jebb served in the 28th Aero Squadron, third pursuit group, under the command 
 of Major Thaw. This was the unit formerly known as the Lafayette escadrille. There were 24 
 fliers to each squadron, divided into three flights of eight men each. Speaking of their work, 
 Colonel Thaw said: "The first effective work of our new organization was done in the St. Mihiel 
 drive. By the time we were shifted to the St. Mihiel salient my group was rounding into good 
 shape. Large numbers of American, EngHsh, French and Italian planes were concentrated for 
 this attack. The Germans also had a large number of planes, which they greatly increased during 
 the first few days of the offensive. This was particularly true of their pursuit, flying the Fokker 
 biplane, single-seater. There was need of every ship the Allies could muster on the lines. Reports 
 to the contrary notwithstanding, this show was, from an aerial point of view, harder than any 
 I had known during the four years of war — except perhaps Verdun (1916). The St. Mihiel show 
 started September 11th. Our group was picked for special 'strafing' work; that is to say, in 
 addition to our regular patrols we had to go over in force, sometimes the whole group together, 
 bomb and shoot up convoys on the road, troop concentrations, ammunition dumps, etc. Bear in 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 311 
 
 mind that we were not fitted for real bombing work and were flying single-seater 220 horse power 
 double gun Spads, carrying four small bombs. 
 
 "As a rule, we worked very low, not only to insure accuracy, but on account of the weather, 
 which was very bad. The fighting was hot and heavy and kept us continually on the move until 
 pilots were exhausted and engines worn out. 
 
 "As an example of the concentration of planes which was necessary, I remember that on one 
 'strafing' sortie in my group alone sixty-seven planes left the ground in seventeen minutes. 
 
 "After St. Mihiel quieted down they moved us up about twenty miles southwest of Verdun, 
 a short distance back of the Argonne. Just before the Argonne drive we had orders to do very 
 little scout work or reconnaissance in order not to give the enemy any previous warning that a 
 drive was coming. By that time the Air Service was very well organized. We had all the ships 
 we wanted, the morale of the men was splendid and our operations so successful that we were 
 credited with putting out of business 287 planes and 34 balloons in about two months. We had 
 losses, two or three a day, and sometimes as many as four in one patrol. The monthly opera- 
 tions summary of my third pursuit group of four fighting squadrons shows that during September 
 and October alone, the number of American pilots killed, wounded or missing was 25. During 
 these two months my four squadrons engaged in 165 combats and are officially credited with 
 bringing down 52 enemy planes. The October chart alone shows 99 combats with victories over 
 40 enemy planes officially credited. Unofficially there were many more." 
 
 Lieutenant Sidney Wertimer of Buffalo served with the 24th Aero Squadron and was engaged 
 in a good deal of the work above mentioned, being detailed as a long distance photographer and 
 observer working back of the German lines to determine their position, and came back some- 
 times with several Boche planes close at his heels. On one occasion one of his controls was shot 
 away and he had to come down in a hurry and happily enough, landed just outside of William 
 Jebb's airdrome. Wertimer was banged up in this descent with a broken nose and a couple other 
 minor injuries, but he was well looked after by Lieutenant Jebb. 
 
 Another Buffalo flier was Sergeant Francis J. McDonnell, a member of the First Aero Squadron 
 of the First Marine Corps aviation force, and he was the first to enter Brussels after the signing 
 of the Armistice and helped to haul down the German flag from the Burgomaster's house November 
 17th. McDonnell lived at 623 Delaware Avenue. 
 
 Many other Buffalo men gained fame in the performance of their duty on the flying fields along 
 the western front. In addition to MacArthur and Waring, several other Buffalo aviators gave 
 up their lives, among them Lieutenant Raymond Fox, who was killed in action in August, 1918, 
 and Lynn Forster, who was reported missing in action in August, 1918. Lieutenant Casper M. 
 Kielland was another Buffalo hero of the air, one of America's most brilliant fliers and aggressive 
 soldiers, who, after bringing down two German planes, was finally overpowered and fell inside 
 the German lines. He was dead when his plane hit the ground. This occurred on July 11th, 
 1918, at Tours. 
 
 Harold E. Honhart of 688 Oak Street, who left Buffalo with the 106th Artillery, was trans- 
 ferred to the Air Service and reported killed during the Argonne fighting on the Verdun front. 
 Honhart, however, was terribly injured when he fell with an aeroplane a distance of 500 feet; 
 both hips were broken, his jaw and nose were broken and he received several scalp wounds. After 
 many weeks in the hospital he recovered and long after the Armistice was signed, returned to 
 America. 
 
 Just as Buffalo's men in every branch of the service gave a highly creditable account of them- 
 selves, the history of the Buffalo air men during the world war in their many battles above the 
 clouds will always stand out as a brilliant chapter in the history of Buffalo during the period of 
 the Great War. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 313 
 
 CHAPTER LXXXVIII 
 ON THE WESTERN FRONT 11.00 A. M., NOVEMBER 11th, 1918 
 
 THROUGH the early days of November the once great military machine of Germany was seen 
 to be cracking on all sides. With the fall of Sedan and the entrance of the French forces — 
 by courtesy of the American 42d Division — to that historic city, the newspaper headlines 
 aroused the public to the possibility of an immediate cessation of hostilities. 
 
 Bulgaria was the first of the German allies to sue for peace. Early in September the Serbian 
 army under authority of the Allied High Command crossed the mountains east of Monastir and 
 drove that portion of the Bulgarian Army which they did not destroy or capture toward Albania 
 where they were crushed by the Italian and French forces. Bulgaria immediately asked for an 
 armistice and received word that the terms would be unconditional surrender. By the First of 
 November, Serbia had been reclaimed and Bulgaria was out of the war. 
 
 Turkey, after suffering a most crushing defeat with the loss of many thousands of men at the 
 hands of the British General AUenby, capitulated a few days later. 
 
 Through the latter part of October the Italian forces advanced their front against the Aus- 
 trians, and on the 27th of that month they crossed the Piave. It was then evident that Austria 
 was done for, and the American people were not surprised on November 3d when the Austrian 
 surrender was accepted. 
 
 As soon as the German army had been forced into the open country north of the Argonne, 
 and the great American drive of November 1st began, the seriousness of the German position 
 was clear. The 77th Division with its host of Buffalo boys followed the Boche across the country 
 toward the Meuse, carrying forward the American line in company with the 42d American 
 Division which, likewise, included in its personnel a number of Western New Yorkers. 
 
 In Belgium the 37th Division and the 91st Division, also, carrying some Buffalo boys and a 
 Buffalo chaplain, forced the Germans across the Scheldt and captured Audenarde on November 
 3d, the day Austria surrendered. On November 5th, the 42d Division crossed the Meuse, and 
 on the 6th occupied Sedan. Two days before the Allied war council had agreed upon the 
 armistice terms it would impose on Germany. 
 
 Buffalo, like all others, anxiously awaited the word that Germany was through. It was known to 
 all on November 5th that terms had been prepared and that the German army had been routed, 
 and accordingly, it was not surprising that the country went into a tumult of rejoicing on No- 
 vember 7th when word was flashed over the wires that the Armistice had been signed. 
 
 Despite efforts of the Associated Press to obtain some verification of the report, and its repeated 
 declaration that the signing of the Armistice had not been verified, the people refused to be dissuaded 
 from their celebration. Throngs poured out to the sidewalks from office buildings and factories. 
 Schools were closed and the high school boys and girls snake-marched through the streets. Grey- 
 haired men and women joined them, and tumult reigned. Every noise-making device that can 
 be conceived was in evidence. Fife and drum corps and bands sprung from somewhere, nobody 
 knew where, and passed up and down Main Street. An hour after the first outbreak workmen 
 from the outlying munitions plants reached the down town district, augmenting the numbers 
 already in that over-crowded territory. Every street car and auto brought a new throng, and the 
 roar occasioned by the tumbling waters at Niagara Falls was soon a whisper in comparison with 
 the hurrah and hubbub of Main and adjacent streets. Those who were not shouting on the streets 
 were in churches offering prayers of thanksgiving. 
 
 When the enthusiastic crowd was at the height of its celebration, the newspapers began slowly 
 but surely to retract their early declarations. The Commercial alone had refused to concede the 
 Armistice signed, and though it wavered in the earlier part of the day, it grew stronger as the 
 Associated Press failed to obtain a confirmation of the report, and finally expressed a conviction 
 
314 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 that the report was erroneous. The crowds in the streets were fast losing faith in the announce- 
 ment, and the early evening found doubt taking the place of assurance, and the enthusiasm 
 rapidly waned. 
 
 On the following day word came that the Armistice had not been signed. The thousands of 
 Buffalo mothers and fathers whose boys were overseas, and hundreds of thousands of others with 
 someone of kin in the struggle, were naturally disappointed by this subsequent announcement, 
 but all eyes focused on the daily newspapers, for, while it was apparent that the Armistice had 
 not been signed, the capitulation of Germany was, at least, but a few hours away, and the people 
 knew it. The Armistice was finally signed and November 11th, at 11 A. M. was fixed as the 
 day and hour when war would stop. All commanders were notified to cease firing at that time. 
 
 While Leonard W. Beck, 135 Landon Street, 1st Machine Gun Battalion, who was killed on 
 June 7, 1918, was the first Buffalo boy to die in action, the last Buffalo boy to make the supreme 
 sacrifice in the war as far as we now have record was Lieutenant Oscar A. Swan of 32 E. Utica 
 Street. Lieutenant Swan had served in the Marine Corps for some years. He went to France in 
 December 1917, and distinguished himself in the Chateau Thierry fighting, going through every 
 campaign in which the Marines participated. He rose rapidly from a private to Second Lieutenant, 
 and was commissioned a First Lieutenant before sailing for France. He had two brothers in the 
 service, Edward Swan, machinist's mate, aboard the U. S. S. Maine, and Raymond Swan with 
 the U. S. Navy Aviation Corps abroad. On the night of November 10th Lieutenant Swan was 
 commanding the 23d Company of the 6th Machine Gun Battalion. That night they reached a 
 point about two miles north of Beaumont and were to cross the Meuse the following morning. 
 While planning to cross the river, a high explosive shell struck near Lieutenant Swan and crushed 
 his head, killing him instantly. He was buried the following day by his comrades just as the last 
 echo of the big guns rang out the close of hostilities. He had made an enviable record through 
 the war, and closed it with his life. 
 
 Lieutenant Harry G. Rennagel, 101st Infantry, a Buffalo officer, in writing to his family, said: 
 " I left the hospital November 10th, reaching my outfit about ten o'clock the next morning, the 
 fatal one; we were all talking, laughing and waiting for the gong to ring when orders came to 
 go over the top. We thought it a joke — it was a grim one of Fate's, for we jumped off at 25 minutes 
 to 11 and advanced but very slowly for we knew that there were many machine gun nests 
 ahead of us. At 10.55 a minenwerfer fell among my men and I was told one wanted to see 
 me. I hurried over and there lay five of my best men. One fatally injured, hole near heart, two 
 seriously injured and the other two badly hurt. We took care of the injured men and then I 
 knelt beside the lad whose eyes had such a look of sorrow that my eyes filled with tears. 
 
 " 'What is it old man, ' I asked. 
 
 " 'Lieutenant, I'm going fast. Don't say I'll get better, you know different and this is a pretty 
 unhappy time for me. You know we all expected things to cease to-day, so I wrote my girl, we 
 were to be married when I returned, and my folks that I was safe and well and about my plans, 
 and now by some order I am not going home. ' 
 
 "A glance at my watch, 11.05. I looked away and when I looked back — he had gone for The 
 Highest Reward. I can honestly tell you I cried and so did the rest. " 
 
 Lieutenant Walter A. Davenport in describing the last days of the war on the field said : 
 
 "I haven't a thing in the world to do except to emulate Mr. Micawber. If this war isn't really 
 over — if they try to start it again — there's going to be an awful yell go up from both sides of this 
 argument. For if anything was ever over, through, finished and ended, it is the war spirit. 
 
 "We are still away out here above the old St. Mihiel sector, 16 kilometers from Metz. It is 
 so far away from anywhere that the French are not moving back into their old homes. Generally 
 the peasants followed closely upon the heels of the American army and as we'd kick Jerry out 
 of a French town the French would settle down in that town. But this place is a burned out 
 valley and the peasants seem to regard the place as hopeless. 
 
 "How I wish you could have been with us the last few hours of the war. About 9.30 A. M. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 315 
 
 on November 11th, the Germans must have gotten word that the Armistice had been signed. 
 We were dug in the mud of the Bois de Dommartin. They had shelled us all night — shrapnel, 
 trench mortars, mustard and phosgene gas, and high explosive. But that shelling was only normal. 
 It was nothing unusual. 
 
 "But about 9.30 A. M. every Boche gun between Dommartin and Metz inclusive opened up 
 on us. My God, how they strafed us. Everything from minenwerfers to 210's descended upon 
 those woods. The soft ground billowed like the ocean. But we were dug in and the forest is very 
 heavy, and our casualties were very, very small. 
 
 "And our artillery came back at them. 
 
 "From 10 o'clock to 11 — the hour for the cessation of hostilities — the opposed batteries simply 
 raised hell. Not even the artillery prelude to our advance into the Argonne had anything on it. 
 To attempt an advance was out of the question. It was not a barrage. It was a deluge. 
 
 "All along our front the earth was flying skyward geyser-like. And above us roared about 
 50 Allied planes watching the effect of our shots. The scout and observation planes would scud 
 over the German lines and rush back dropping rockets — signaling to the artillery. Then the 
 German Gothas would come forward and drive our lighter planes to the rear. Then from some- 
 where in the rear a crazy squadrilla of huge Handley-Pages (our big planes) would roar into the 
 riot and upon the German trenches they'd drop a few tons of trinitro toluol, ammonal, cheddite, 
 etc. Oh! It was a jolly affair! 
 
 "We had synchronized our watches. On my right flank I had eight machine guns. They had 
 kept up a constant stream of fire during the artillery riot. About 10.45 A. M. the boys with the 
 Chauchats, and the ordinary Springfields, and Enfields had joined in just that they might be in 
 the party. I do not know how many thousand tons of steel, copper, cupro-nickel, and lead were 
 poured into, over and upon Jerry, but it was fearful to see. 
 
 "Nothing quite so electrical in effect as the sudden stop that came at 11 A. M. has ever occurred 
 to me. It was 10.60 precisely and — the roar stopped like a motor car hitting a wall. The result- 
 ing quiet was uncanny in comparison. From somewhere far below ground, Germans began to 
 appear. They clambered to the parapets and began to shout wildly. They threw their rifles, 
 hats, bandoleers, bayonets and trench knives toward us. They began to sing. Came one bewhis- 
 kered Hun with a concertina and he began goose stepping along the parados followed in close 
 file by fifty others — all goose stepping. 
 
 "Our lads stood up watching the show. We had quite a time watching them lest they take 
 pot shots at the concertina player. One of my snipers begged the chance to 'slip a cold one' 
 into a Boche who stood ' at ease ' all alone leaning on his rifle. 
 
 "We kept the boys under restraint as long as we could. Finally the strain was too great. A 
 big Yank named Carter ran out into No Man's Land and planted the Stars and Stripes on a 
 signal pole in the lip of a shell hole. Keasby, a bugler, got out in front and began playing ' The 
 Star Spangled Banner' on a German trumpet he'd found in Thiaucourt. And they sang — 
 Gee, how they sang! 
 
 "Of course all this celebration was small in comparison with what must have happened in New 
 York, London and Paris. We did a lot of speculating upon the way New York took the news. 
 In some respects it seems years since I saw New York. I have lived 1,000 lives and seen all the 
 tragedies in the world. But again it seems but yesterday when I left you folks, a sergeant. I 
 am now a first lieutenant. I have been recommended for captaincy. I'd like to get the two bars 
 before we are sent home. I'll certainly get them if we have to stay here very long — six months 
 say. The Lord knows I did the minimum of effective work, but, by gosh, I did my best. I'm a 
 rotten soldier, I'm afraid, but the fellows I had under me didn't seem to mind a little thing like 
 that. They stuck to me when there wasn't a Chinaman's chance, it seemed. They went into 
 shell holes that looked like traps. They took the fag like the men they are and — were. 
 
 "We'd look like the devil on parade. Jeff Davis's hobo army looked like gentlemen in com- 
 parison. But they are he-guys, and they can fight. They don't know much tactics — none, in 
 
316 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
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 Main Street on Peace Monday 
 
 fact. They are never worried about liaison. They don't give a damn, who's on their right or left, 
 or whether anybody is. They aren't sure whether Lloyd George or Herbert Hoover is boss of 
 British politics, and when you cease speaking to them in terms of corn willie, monkey meat and 
 30.30 ammunition, they think you're a highbrow and are kidding them. But, yea-bo, those lads 
 can, separately and individually, lick six Huns each without losing wind. 
 
 "Take it from me. A lot of lieutenants got gobs of praise in newspapers and general orders. 
 And some got Distinguished Service Medals. And nine-tenths of these chaps owe it all to the 
 men in their platoons. The men got the orders. The commands were issued. The old 'up and 
 at 'em' was heard, and off they went, hell for leather. The men followed the officer and the offi- 
 cer had to go. There he was between heaven and hell, with fifty boys at his back. There was 
 nowhere to go but forward, and then it was a matter of speed and luck. And always we won 
 because we had the Germans' goat." 
 
 Charles F. Stafford, nephew of Isaac Stewart, City Treasurer, in a letter to his uncle gave his 
 view of the closing hours of the war in the following terms: 
 
 "But I must tell you about when it ended. We were given word at about 5 A. M. that firing 
 would cease as an armistice had been signed. Then came a battle that surpassed all, in noise. 
 We had all kinds of ammunition and the boys started to use it up. The Germans evidently did 
 the same thing, for the shells came over and were bursting and tearing the earth to pieces all 
 about us. But, noise! Oh, heavens, what a racket! 
 
 "And when 11 o'clock came everything stopped and it seemed as though the world had come 
 to an end. It seemed funny not to be ducking your head or stopping real short, or running this 
 way or that out of harm's way. But even at a few minutes to 11 o'clock many men were killed." 
 
 Lieutenant Frederick F. Sullivan, D Company, 109th Machine Gun Battalion, 28th Division, 
 in a letter to his wife a few days after the close of the war said : 
 
 "These have been busy days, but very enjoyable, the last two or three, for things have been 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 317 
 
 so very different and strange since the shrapnel ceased flying. The company was in line when 
 the last shot of the war was fired, at 11 o'clock on the eleventh day of the eleventh month. 
 
 "The day before we received orders to support an attacking battalion, and we reached a bit 
 of woods in what had previously been No Man's Land. Here we struck a fairly bad barrage and 
 things were very warm for a while. Then they quieted down and we took positions for the night. 
 Slept in a bit of a shack in the woods, a few hundred yards from Fritz. 
 
 " Next morning, when I went back to look up mess, etc., they laid it on both sides with artillery 
 and the din was terrific; then I got the news on the 'phone from the major, at my old Post Com- 
 mand, that hostilities ceased at 11 o'clock. No one in this town knew it yet, so I spread the 
 glad tidings, and we sat tensely, with our watches in our hands, waiting for the hour to arrive, 
 but imagine how slowly the minutes passed. 
 
 "Suddenly everything ceased — almost to the second, on the hour — and it was so quiet it scared, 
 seemed uncanny. Not a sound to be heard. Then faintly came the cheers from the troops. It 
 surely was dramatic and I am glad we were in at the finish. 
 
 "Then, in the evening, I went up with the ration wagon to the men who were up forward, 
 and rode my horse to the front line, a very unwise thing to have done the previous night. Both 
 sides were getting rid of their night illumination paraphernalia, flares and verey lights, rocket 
 signals, etc., and the whole front line was blazing like a grand Fourth of July celebration. 
 
 "Lights could be seen in all the towns, fires were blazing in every place, in fact, the whole of 
 France which had been darkened at night in fear of air attacks was blazing forth into light. I 
 imagine Paris, after four years of darkness, blazing forth with arc lights, electric signs, etc. It 
 must have been wonderful." 
 
318 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER LXXXIX 
 
 PARIS WITH THE LID OFF 
 
 Paris held many Buffalo men on Nov. 11, 1918. Dr. 0. L. Harris sent to his relatives here 
 a pen picture of Paris on that day. He said: 
 
 "The greatest day that France, and the world, too, has ever seen, has come and gone. The day that we could look 
 one another in the face and say for the first time in fifty-one months: 'The war is ended.' Even now, two days after 
 the signing of the Armistice, and two days of reveling, in which all classes of society in Paris have mingled and fra- 
 ternized as never before, we cannot grasp it. During the three days previous to Monday, November 11th, every- 
 body was on the qui vive, waiting for the signing of the Armistice by our last and most mortal enemy. We bought 
 the papers as we never had before, and extra editions sold as fast as they fell from the press. Work on Friday and 
 Saturday, the 8th and 9th, was a matter of form and not accomplishment. Nerves were in evidence everywhere. 
 At any unusual street noise men, women and children stopped short in what they were doing and rushed to the win- 
 dows to see what had happened. 
 
 "On Monday, November 11th, we, like all others not in the know, came down to business as usual, with the idea 
 that in all probability the time for signing the Armistice would be prolonged for a day or two, owing to the delays 
 of travel on badly damaged roads, which made it difficult for the Hun parlementaires to communicate with those 
 at home who pulled the strings of their policy. At 9.30, we heard rumors that the paper had been signed, but most 
 of us were skeptical, as we had been fooled the Thursday before, as you were in America. At 10, we had more cir- 
 cumstantial telephonic reports from our friends in the center of the city, saying that bulletins were posted on the 
 bulletin boards, on the fronts of some of the banks and cafes, that the signature was a 'Fait accompli,' still, like the 
 singed cat which dreads the fire, we refused to believe, though we were intensely excited. At 11, when the guns 
 boomed, the sirens blew and the church bells rang we knew that what w-e had yearned for so long and almost des- 
 paired of, had at last come to us. At the sound of the third gun, one of our French employees, who stands close to us, 
 rushed into my office, threw his arms around my neck, kissed me on both cheeks, did the same to my assistant, and 
 then stood before us speechless, with tears in his eyes, but the picture of transfigured happiness. We all rushed to 
 
 Street Scene During the Premature Peace Celebration in Buffalo 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 319 
 
 and fro, threw open our office and workroom windows and drank in the sound of the siren, which had warned us on 
 fifty-seven different nights in the last year or so, that raiding aeroplanes were headed for, or were over the city. Now 
 it was music and not a wail. The report of the guns, which had meant in the past that destruction was hovering 
 over us, and with the sirens, had sent thousands of Parisians to their cellars time and again, at all hours of the night, 
 were the signs of deliverance from a nightmare, and not of death, as formerly. Never did the pealing of church 
 bells mean so much to us before. It was a hardened individual who did not say in his heart, if not his Ups, 'Thank 
 God, Thank God!' 
 
 "Just before 12 about sixty of our women stationed themselves on the huge stone staircase which leads from the 
 ground floor to the second story, and sang the Marseillaise and the Chant du Depart. Under the circumstances, it 
 was beautiful beyond expression, and I am not ashamed to say that I could scarce keep from tears. As a finish there 
 were cries of 'Vive I'Amerique!' Fortunately, we had grasped in time what the conditions would be in the restau- 
 rants on the Grands Boulevards, where we wished to take luncheon, and had reserved by telephone a table at Poc- 
 cardi's, just over one of our shops. Four of us went there. What we ate was delicious. As to what we drank, I draw 
 a veil over that. I lift one corner of it only to tell you that it was not water. I add also that we went out sober, 
 but more content with life than when we went in. It is an immense place, and was filled to its capacity with a joyous 
 international crowd. As the meal progressed, the wine warmed the hearts and loosened the tongues of those gathered 
 there. Every few moments some one would burst into song, and the rest of us would join in and sing the Italian 
 national hymn and the Marseillaise. Altogether, it was great! 
 
 "After luncheon we went to Prunier's, and tried to reserve a table for dinner for my wife and two American girls 
 and myself. There was nothing doing. Even 25 francs made no impression on the hard-hearted maitre d'hotel. The 
 rest of the afternoon, up to 4.30, I strolled up and down the Grands Boulevards between the Place de la Concorde 
 and the Place de la Republique. Well, if I live to be 100 years older than I am now, I never expect to see anything 
 equal to it again. Paris is fierce in her wrath, as the events of the Reign of Terror showed. She is equally whole- 
 hearted when she gives herself up to rejoicing. 
 
 "At 7 o'clock I tried Prunier's again, but the head waiter was more emphatic in his refusal than before, and I could 
 see disappointed people streaming out in steady lines. From there I went with my wife and her friends to Weber's 
 on the Rue Royale, where we had been able to arrange for a table in case we failed at the other place. The meal 
 was fair, the wine good and the crowd most interesting. We were there almost two hours. The service was horribly 
 slow on account of the immense crowd of people dining there. All during our stay, lines of American boys would 
 come in every little while, march up one side of the place and down the other, carrying lanterns, Japanese parasols, 
 singing, blowing horns, or whirling deafening rattles. The songs were largely on the order of ' Hail, Hail the Gang's 
 All Here,' or 'What the Hell Do We Care,' interspersed with saucy remarks, mostly in English, occasionally in French, 
 with a sidesplitting accent. The French people were absolutely enchanted, offered the boys drinks, shouted 'Vive 
 I'Amerique!' and laughed until they cried. At times it was like Bedlam let loose, but nobody minded, and the next 
 bunch of boys was received as enthusiastically as the first one, if not more so. 
 
 "On leaving, we walked slowly up to the Place de I'Opera. The street scenes were like those of the afternoon, but 
 though the people were more boisterous and noisy, we saw no drunken men. Though doubtless every one had had 
 not only one, but several drinks. The Place de I'Opera was so packed that we could not get into it. On our way 
 back to the Place de la Concorde, toward 10 P. M. the cafes we passed were sights to see. In every one there were 
 American soldiers waving flags, making speeches and racketing generally. In most cases they were standing on 
 chairs and tables, as were the diners, both men and women, who were enjoying the performances as well as the boys 
 were and egged them on to more extravagant actions. Remember that all this took place in the best and most orderly 
 cafes, where under ordinary circumstances a boisterous customer is ejected without ceremony. We went home early 
 in order to find a place in the underground, which even at that hour was packed to suffocation. 
 
 "Taken all in all I doubt if the gaiety of Monday, November 11th, will ever be duplicated in Paris or anywhere 
 else. It needed the sudden relief from the long and terrible strain since the beginning of the war to produce it. May 
 heaven grant that no combination of circumstances will ever bring it about again." 
 
320 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER XC 
 CELEBRATING THE KAISER'S FUNERAL 
 
 A SHORT time before the possibility of an armistice hove in sight, along toward the latter 
 part of October, Doris Kellogg and many of the other canteen workers, who had toiled so 
 ■ strenuously during the long Summer months with never a thought of respite, were fur- 
 loughed by the Directors of the Red Cross and sent into Brittany for a much needed rest. While 
 they did not know it at the time, their work in the canteen virtually ended with that furlough, 
 as it later developed. For within a few days after they again returned to service, the Armistice 
 had been prepared and signed and the war was at an end. It will be interesting to Buflfalonians 
 to follow Miss Kellogg with the other girls through their recreation time, but more interesting, 
 perhaps, to read what she has to say of the last day of the war. Her final letters follow: 
 
 "Paris, October 20th. 
 "Can I believe it, that our permission has begun and that we are safely ensconsed here at the Hotel Continental, 
 Paris? We left Chantilly this morning, and though we had been so keen to leave, we almost wept when the time 
 finally came. As we passed Orry and Serveillers we fairly fell out of the train window waving good-bye to the servants 
 at the canteen, and I felt that I was closing the first volume of the most absorbing and appealing drama I have ever 
 known. I've been homesick for the Poilus all day, and every one I see here in Paris touches a tender spot in my 
 heart. They have been too wonderful, — so patient and appreciative, so gay and gallant." 
 
 "Bretagne, France, November 2d. 
 
 "Our vacation is over, and much as I have simply reveled in it, I really can't say I regret returning to 'Paree.' 
 But what a vacation this has been — simply perfect! Madame and Monsieur Vouaux, our landlady and landlord, 
 have been more like hosts than anything else, and we have been their petted guests. Fresh butter and eggs and broiled 
 chicken, three things almost unheard of in France now, have been our daily fare; and when plump little Monsieur 
 goes a-hunting, we are the ones who enjoy his catch of rabbit or partridge — and all because we are Americans. Not 
 one single peasant that we have talked to, but what their eyes fill with tears when they speak of America and what 
 she has done for France — 'It is you W'ho have verily saved la France; without you we had been lost.' 
 
 "Yesterday was All Saints Day, such a flocking down to the village church of peasants from the surrounding farms, 
 all dressed in their Sunday best. After the mass, every one went out to the graveyard and put wreaths and crosses 
 of flowers on the graves; then knelt down beside them and said a prayer for the dead. Many of the wreaths and 
 crosses were tied with broad ribbons of red, white and blue, and stamped on the ribbon in gold letters, ' Mort Pour 
 la Patrie' (died for the country). Imagine the picture; a wild, windy day with dead leaves blowing about, from 
 the high cathedral steeple, bells tolling, and in the churchyard all these black-clothed figures kneeling, then the bright 
 splashes of colored flowers, orange, pink, purple and red — the women's white net coifs like birds perching on their 
 heads. 
 
 "This afternoon we go back to Paris and there receive our new orders. What will they be — aviation camp or 
 canteen? I rather like the feeling that it isn't up to me to decide which — we are told to go and we go." 
 
 "November 8th. 
 
 "At last we are with them, 'our boys,' and in one of the most active and exciting American Headquarters in France. 
 We left Paris yesterday on an early morning train and after about an hour out we struck Chateau Thierry. From 
 there we followed the Marne battlefield as far as Dormans. It was a most thrilling sight, those towns battered to 
 ruins, trees struck down, fields and hillsides peppered with all sizes of shell holes; we saw many dugouts, and scat- 
 tered all about, small bare graves marked with a simple wooden cross and the steel helmet of the soldier buried there 
 — I saw one with a Boche helmet on the cross. Well, it was a most interesting ride, and when our train began to 
 move more slowly, we realized that we were going to be awfully late. When it got dark and we were allowed no 
 lights whatever, but passed along in utter darkness, why then it wasn't very difficult to realize that we were quite 
 in the war zone. You know I was pleased to death when during a stop I heard a voice outside our compartment 
 window mutter, 'They ain't a-goin' to pull out yit.' That was real American talk, as the poilus say. Soon we arrived 
 
 at Toul. 
 
 "November 12th. 
 
 "Now it has come. Peace! I think I never should have been able to realize the glorious truth of it if I had been 
 any place else in the world but just here with these mobs of wild Yanks. Yesterday was the most thrilling one of all 
 my life, and here's a full account of it. 
 
 "About 10.45 in the morning I leisurely made my way down into the town to look up some place for us to sleep 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 321 
 
 this winter, some place where we could be just warm enough so that I might be able to hold a pen to write a letter. 
 Well, I dropped into the Y. W. C. A. Hostess House, and the person in charge calmly said, 'And what will all you 
 girls do now that peace is declared?' 'Well, we can't count on that yet,' said L 'Why, my dear child, don't you 
 know that the Armistice has been signed and that the armies cease fighting at eleven o'clock this morning? All the 
 bells in Toul will ring out the hour.' 
 
 "Well, I took a look at my watch and then tore — it was just five minutes to eleven. I made about sixty miles an 
 hour to the apartment, and as I flew up the stairs the chimes began their pealing. I burst into our room and gasped, 
 'Al, do you know what those bells mean? They mean Peace!' With that Al and Muggsy Davis burst into tears. 
 The joy was too great. I went out on our balcony and looked up at the sky and just felt the great sensation of peace 
 come rolling in. Up over my head six huge American aeroplanes were circling about to the tune of the chimes, and 
 it was quite overwhelming. I thought of the sight I had seen from this same balcony only the day before, a Hun 
 plane hurling down to earth, and then of the boom of cannon that had kept up steadily all during last night — our 
 Yanks firing on Metz. Eleventh Hour, eleventh day, eleventh month, 1918 — and all hostilities ceased. 
 
 "Well, then I couldn't stay out of the streets any longer, and so I joined the crowd that was swelling every minute, 
 and we swayed down to the town square. And still people really couldn't believe it. But there were the ofl[icial signs 
 already posted up on the street corners: 'Germany having accepted all the conditions of the Entente, we will cease 
 fighting at eleven o'clock to-day.' There was such a broad grin on everybody's face and such a tremendous one on 
 mine that I really was in nain. 
 
 "From four o'clock to seven, I, with two others, poured hot chocolate, served cakes and sandwiches, and gave out 
 cigarettes to a never-ending line of Khaki boys. 
 
 '"All free to-day, boys, the Red Cross is giving a party. We are celebrating the Kaiser's funeral.' Oh! It was great! 
 
 "I had all sorts of presents handed me over the counter, a gas mask, a piece of ribbon a kid had taken off a Ger- 
 man's iron cross, an aviator's pin, etc. The boys all wanted to talk about home, and the one question of the day was, 
 'When are we going home, Nurse?' I heard so many stories that were more thrilling and romantic than any I have 
 ever read in books. 
 
 "At seven the new shift arrived and it was time for my dinner, but Muggsy rushed in — 'The French are singing 
 over at the station, it's great, come on over.' Of course, I went. There was a huge, dimly-lighted smoking room 
 with a mob of Poilus and Yanks all singing at the top of their lungs to the accompaniment of one shrill mouth organ. 
 
 "Mugs and I started towards home when we caught the notes of a band coming toward us. It was our 53rd regi- 
 mental brass band and they were crashing out, 'Over There.' Jove, it was too thrilling! So Mugs and I got in the 
 crowd of soldiers that were marching along and we all marched up to the square in front of the station and had a 
 band concert. There was a long high concrete construction overlooking the crowd and a bunch of soldiers standing 
 up on it. I said to Mugs, 'I won't be happy until I get up there.' So many hands were reached down for us and we 
 were hoisted up in a jiffy. One boy standing right on the tip end of the construction and under a bright street light 
 had been giving a most startling pantomime with a French and an American flag to the tune of the music, and when 
 he caught sight of me in my Red Cross veil, he beckoned wildly for me to come over. I hated to, said I wouldn't 
 'do anything conspicuous,' but he insisted and the boys handed me over till I was in his place and he in back of me 
 with the two flags. Well, I always thought one's wedding was the only time that one could be really conspicuous, 
 but know now that I was mistaken. The boys down there yelled, 'Hurrah for the Red Cross,' and smiled up and 
 waved their caps. You know it was quite overwhelming. Then the band and crowd moved on and a bunch of dough- 
 boys in an official car took us down into the town to see the sights. Yanks were giving a concert in the square and 
 every one was laughing and smiling, French and American officers and men and a handful of women. The band 
 played, 'Home, Sweet Home,' — they ragged it, and waltzed it and did everything to make it gay. 
 
 "And now it is the day after, the 12th of November, 1918, and in thirty-five minutes I am due at the canteen to 
 pour chocolate and serve sandwiches, and talk to the boys — the last the best of all the game. 
 
 "I have never before appreciated the wonderful respect of our boys for their women. It is a thing to be proud of. 
 They treat us as though we might break if handled roughly, and I think would kill a man for using language in front 
 of us that wasn't clean. I am terribly proud of them." 
 
 "Hotel Madison, 49 Rue des Petits-Champs, Paris, November 21st. 
 "Hold your breath and listen. I'm coming Home! Yes, the die is cast. To-day Spen engaged passage for Al and 
 me on the S. S. Lorraine, sailing from Bordeaux on Monday, the 2d of December. We are walking on air, we are so 
 happy, even though we had to take a second-class cabin, all the first-class being crammed full. But who should worry? 
 "Well, dear parents, good night and bientot. Vive I'Amerique. 
 
 "Doris." 
 
322 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER XCI 
 LIEUTENANT COLONEL POOLEY LEADS REGIMENT INTO GERMANY 
 
 THOSE who have followed the Buffalo boys through the many battles in which the American 
 forces were conspicuous may feel inclined to go with them to the end. One might follow 
 Colonel Donovan's 42d Division, or go with Buffalo soldiers in the First or Second Division. 
 Another Buffalo officer, however, who had entered into active combat work shortly before the 
 Armistice was signed was destined to lead one of the first American regiments into Germany. 
 
 From the time the Buffalo boys reached Camp Wadsworth at Spartanburg Buffalonians 
 generally lost track of Colonel Kemp, Colonel Howland, Lieutenant Colonel Pooley, Captain 
 Ralph Robertson and other Buffalo officers of the old National Guard. Neither Colonel How- 
 land nor Colonel Kemp were given front line assignments while overseas, but Lieutenant 
 Colonel Pooley was finally assigned to the 7th Infantry attached to the Third Division, and 
 got into the fighting during the final few days of the Argonne battle. He held the rank of 
 Lieutenant Colonel, in the 7th Regiment, and went with them through the last phase of the 
 Argonne. 
 
 The Third Division was one of the first divisions selected for the army of occupation. Buffalo- 
 nians are thus afforded an opportunity to make the trip to the Rhine with a Buffalo Lieutenant 
 Colonel who did not fail his friends at that period. He sent several letters, particularly interest- 
 ing were those to Attorney Simon Fleischmann, a war enthusiast. Fleischmann was an enthusiast 
 not only because Colonel Pooley enjoyed the distinction of being his law partner, but, as an addi- 
 tional reason, he had a son in service. The father of a private and the partner of a Lieutenant 
 Colonel, Attorney Fleischmann was a thoroughly interested and aroused patriot. 
 
 Colonel Pooley who was detailed as Superior Provost Court for the trial of German civilians 
 for offenses against the laws of war, wrote as follows: 
 
 "We are in the first line of the Army of Occupation and have been marching since the 16th. 
 We are now resting in a little town just north of Diedenhofen, or Thionville, as it is now called, 
 and are on the Moselle River, just south of the Luxembourg line. Do not know where we are 
 headed for, but looks like either Coblenz or Mainz. What we have seen is almost indescribable. 
 We proceeded the first day in trucks — seven hundred trucks, with French officers in command 
 and with Chinese drivers. Adding my Italian orderly to this combination makes whatever little 
 confusion that occurred at the Tower of Babel of no consequence. When we reached the bad 
 roads of No Man's Land we got oft' the trucks and began to hike, marching through town after 
 town in ruins, and mile after mile without seeing a soul. Trenches everywhere and line after 
 line of barbed wire entanglements, dugouts and machine gun emplacements and concrete pill 
 boxes dotted the whole country. 
 
 "The Germans apparently intended to remain permanently. As we went along we occupied 
 luxurious officers' clubhouses, with electric light systems and all modern conveniences, including 
 fleas that showed their hospitality by taking liberal meals. Flea bites swell up quite like mosquito 
 bites, only more so, and itch frightfully, and I am covered with them — bites, I mean, for after 
 diligent search I have not been able to capture a flea. 
 
 "When we crossed from France into Lorraine, the change was most noticeable. The Germans 
 had stripped France of everything, but in Lorraine matters were running along about as usual. 
 Our first billet in Lorraine was Montois la Montagne. The entire population turned out to meet 
 us and the children sang the Marseillaise. The town was decorated with red, white and blue and 
 the women pinned rosettes on us. We had a great reception in Diedenhofen and I should say 
 there is no question where the Lorrainians stand. Hundreds of men escaped and joined the French 
 army, and I actually saw groups of German soldiers and groups of French soldiers returning home 
 to the same village. There was no ill-feeling, but all were glad to get home. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 323 
 
 "It would do your heart good to see children running out to meet their fathers. In Monhofen 
 I was billeted in a home where both father and son had been killed in the German army. Mother 
 and daughter were all that was left, and their hate for all that was German was not put on. Occa- 
 sionally there is a sour face, but it looks as if the sentiment of this Province was almost unani- 
 mously French, and our troops who are in Luxembourg report the same feeling there. Every- 
 body seems to hate the Germans." 
 
 Later on he wrote: "We have been marching on the Rhine, and are now within sight of Bach- 
 arach. We have been billeted in various small towns, and one night we slept on the ground in 
 the Idarwald. You see, we have missed all the large towns. We crossed the Moselle at Schangon, 
 and the Saar at Saarburg. The latter is most picturesque, but we had little time to absorb it, 
 as night was coming on and we had a bad hill ahead. In fact, we are up hill and down hill all 
 the time, and the going has been bad. The country is beautiful — one great park — and we are 
 having absolutely no trouble with the inhabitants. Apparently, most of the German soldiers 
 living west of the Rhine had been released, and are most respectful. The children run to meet us 
 or wave from windows and we get the best there is in the town where we are billeted. 
 
 "We have talked with the people, as we went along, and find that affairs in Germany are in a 
 more or less chaotic condition. The people are depressed and feel their defeat keenly, but show 
 no signs of suflfering, otherwise. They complain of shortage of food, but there is no evidence of 
 it, except, perhaps, in the large cities. The great majority are very bitter toward the German 
 government and appear to have been certain of victory up to three months ago. Some sympa- 
 thize with the Kaiser and say he was led into the war by the ruling class, but the majority say, 
 good riddance, and I have yet to hear a good word for the Crown Prince or Ludendorff . Hinden- 
 burg has remained with the army and is still the popular idol. 
 
 "I talked with one well informed man, who told me that the German people had had their 
 thinking done for them by the government so long, that they were now all at sea and, apparently, 
 unable to decide what was best to be done; that everything was new and strange to them. But 
 that they would have a republic of some kind, whether one large state or several states, he could 
 not say, or what states would go in. He was sure that the German people would rule themselves 
 from now on, and that, when the truth about the war came out, the guilty would be punished. 
 I have given you, for what it is worth, the political situation, generally. My impressions are, as 
 I have said, based on talks with various people as we went along." 
 
 A few days later Colonel Pooley wrote: "We are now probably in permanent billets, holding 
 the left or northern side of the Coblenz bridgehead. We left Bacharach last Sunday and marched 
 down the Rhine, through Coblenz to Andernach, which is on the Rhine, about twelve miles north 
 of Coblenz. This Rhine country is beautiful beyond description. The march last Sunday from 
 Bacharach to Bappard, where we spent the night, was a real treat. The road was fine and the 
 sun was out all day and we had a good chance to see the ruins of all the old castles on the Rhine. 
 
 " The people continue to receive us cordially. Monday night we were billeted in the home of a 
 former Krupp director, a very fine mansion with all modern conveniences. We had the best in 
 the house, the family moving to another part of the house during our stay. Two of the sons had 
 just returned from service in the army. Our host was an excellent musician and willingly enter- 
 tained us with much classical music. On Tuesday night I stayed with a manufacturer who has 
 degrees from two universities. He was most courteous and when we took possession of a hotel 
 next day he urged me to make my home with him during my stay in this city. 
 
 "The deeper we get into Germany the greater the collapse seems to be. The people show no 
 resentment, though the unanimous opinion seems to be that America turned the trick. They do 
 not seem to know what to do and act quite like children. A very prominent lady of Bappard, 
 said to me that America, having beaten Germany down, owed a duty to the world to exercise a 
 protectorate over it until they were able to do for themselves, which she thought would not be 
 for years, if ever. The fact is, they are all terribly discouraged. My learned host of night before 
 last asked if it was true that America would take no money or territory from Germany, and 
 
324 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 when I assured him that was our present poHcy, he exclaimed: 'Oh, if all nations were only 
 like that. You are truly an ideal people.' He also expressed the opinion that if a buffer state 
 could be created from the Rhinelands under the protection of America, war would be ended for 
 all time. 
 
 "Prices here are terrible. An overcoat costs 550 marks and a hat 75. Marks have dropped 
 considerably. We are paid in francs, and have exchanged 100 francs for as high as 165 marks. 
 The rate of exchange here seems to be 100 for 135. A few months ago, it was 100 francs for 80 
 marks. Grippe has been raging here for some time, and the death rate is about ten daily. What 
 food there is, is very dear, and the returned German soldiers are roaming the streets out of work. 
 However, people appear to be far better preserved and dressed than the French and they have 
 coal, which the French did not have. 
 
 "We are restricted strictly to our own area. The bridgeheads are being fortified and we made 
 the approach to the Rhine on the theory that we might have to fight at any time. It was a line 
 that was advanced and not columns, and as we were on the extreme right of the American sector 
 you can imagine that it was some arc we swung over. We went miles out of our way and took up 
 different positions for various tactical and strategical reasons. 
 
 "The Germans are making a good impression, in fact, I cannot understand how they could 
 carry on the war so ferociously for years and be as subservient as they are now. We are the most 
 tolerant of the Allies, and yet we are bearing down hard. Every inhabitant over twelve has to 
 carry an identification card and in addition each house must have a list of people living in it 
 posted on the front door. We have taken all their arms and ammunition up and they submit to 
 every regulation graciously and with the utmost alacrity. " 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 325 
 
 CHAPTER XCII 
 BUFFALO BOYS STAND BY AS GERMAN FLEET SURRENDERS 
 
 A FTER Buffalonians at home and abroad had celebrated the signing of the armistice, and Doris 
 
 ZA Kellogg with her canteen workers had celebrated for the American girls, and the American 
 "*- -*- doughboys and artillery supporters had celebrated on the battlefields of France, and the civil- 
 ians of London, Paris, New York and every other great city of the allied countries had torn loose in a 
 tumult of enthusiasm, it was left for the humble "Gobs" of Uncle Sam's Navy to bring into port 
 Germany's fleet with the German flag struck. Norman Bewley, son of Lieutenant L M. Bewley, 
 of the Buffalo Fire Department, residing at 253 Purdy Street, was aboard the U. S. Battleship 
 Texas, which proudly led the conquered fleet into port. This is the story of that eventful 
 day as Bewley tells it : 
 
 "To-day we brought the German fleet in, not once did they whine, all quiet, and every man on 
 the Texas is breathing easier. I'm proud as a peacock, feel as important as Admiral Beatty, 
 although I'm minus the Victory Cross, etc. This has been a big day, and it will no doubt go 
 down in history, and I'm throwing out my chest 'cause I was there.' Few have had the honor 
 of seeing the pick of the German high seas fleet flying white flags from their fore trucks. Thank 
 heaven, the censors are no more, so here's the dope : 
 
 "We put to sea at 3.35 o'clock this morning, and made for rendezvous. By we I mean the 
 British Grand Fleet, us five Yanks, and a French cruiser with two French destroyers. I was up 
 early looking for Mr. Hun, as I was uneasy and anxious, for we never thought things would go 
 as they did, but that he would show fight. At 8.46 o'clock, according to the log, they were spotted 
 coming through the mist. First one was picked up about 19,000 yards away, and then another 
 and another till the fourteen loomed up on the horizon. At 8.47 o'clock general headquarters 
 sounded. 
 
 "All hands manned their stations, and believe me it was quiet. No one said much, we just 
 stood there waiting to hear our pieces speak or for our rigging to be carried away. It got to be 10 
 o'clock and still nothing happened, so one by one we went above to see things. When I got up 
 the Germans were steaming in a column of 6,000 yards to port of us, their leader flying a white 
 flag from his truck. We were in a column, some nineteen first class fighting ships, waiting for 
 Fritz to get lippy. A similar column to ours was on his other side, but could not be seen, due 
 to the fog. 
 
 "We steamed along in this formation at ten knots, right into the Firth of Forth; where we 
 Yanks dropped out of line, going to our regular berths, while the British attended to the Dutch- 
 men. I can't understand for the life of me why they handed over those ships without a fight. 
 They were the finest they have, very formidable looking customers, no doubt of our caliber. As 
 we steamed along with them, they did not seem like the enemy we've laid for these nine months, 
 but looked like a division of our own fleet, though we know instantly by looking at them they 
 were German ships. 
 
 "We were primed to a million, cleared for action and had all spotters on the job till we anchored. 
 Ranges and deflections were being sung out just as though we were to open on them. We anchored 
 shortly after 2 o'clock. It's now near midnight and all's well. We lay in the Firth of Forth, 
 just outside of the bridge, and find South Queensferry, Delmaney or Inverketing on the map and 
 you will have our location. 
 
 " It sounds odd being able to tell you this. This pretty near ends things up, I'm glad so say — 
 no more war or death watches, no more darkened ships, no more four-hour liberties, no more stand- 
 ing by to get underway, no more wild goose chases after Fritz, 'cause we've got him in our back 
 yard now." 
 
326 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 MAYOR PROCLAIMS TUESDAY, DAY 
 OF HOMECOMING, CIVIC HOLIDAY 
 
 ^EXT Tuesday will witness the return of the veterans of the 106th 
 Field Artillery and the 108th Infantry, two of the units which 
 helped to write the glorious history that for all time will make 
 the name of the 27th Division, A.E. F. famous in the military annals of 
 the world's mightiest nation. 
 
 There is little that we who remained at home can do to fitly show our 
 appreciation of the deeds wrought by these returning heroes on the battle- 
 fields of France and Flanders, but the time immediately following their 
 arrival in Buffalo should of right be held sacred to the joy of home circles, 
 soon to be reunited after years of separation and anxiety. 
 
 Some outward manifestations of the deep feeling of love and honor 
 which all Buffalo feels for the members of her old regiments will, however, 
 be attempted. 
 
 It is needless here to sketch even in outline the story of the deathless 
 glory of the men whose return we are now awaiting. Let it suffice to say 
 that never had a community greater cause for joyous pride than has 
 Buffalo on the return of her sons of the old 65th and TJ^th Regiments. 
 
 To the end that this feeling nmy be made nmnifest by all our people, 
 I declare next Tuesday, April 1st, a civic holiday, directing that all 
 schools and municipal offices be closed throughout the day and urging, so 
 far as practicable, the closing of the city's industrial plants and com- 
 mercial houses, that all our people may unite in one mighty outburst of 
 
 welcome. 
 
 Given under my hand and the seal of the City of Buffalo this 28th 
 
 day of March, in the year of our Lord, One Thousand Nine Hundred 
 
 and Nineteen. 
 
 George S. Buck, 
 
 Mayor. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 327 
 
 CHAPTER XCIII 
 WHEN JOHNNY CAME MARCHING HOME 
 
 WHILE the Buffalo boys in the Army of Occupation were tramping triumphantly into Ger- 
 many, the casuals were drifting back into Buffalo from the hospitals of Paris and London. 
 Boys who were shot down on the Vesle River and at St. Mihiel for the most part had been 
 returned to their regiments before the Armistice was signed. Those wounded in the early days of 
 the Argonne fighting who had recovered sufficiently to be moved at that time were not put back 
 into service but were sent home. With their arrival in Buffalo came the first real stories of the 
 warfare on the Western Front. The sufferings and hardships of the American fighters all so 
 gallantly borne and so little complained of seeped in here and there and soon folks at home learned 
 the true story of the ravages of the gas shells, the terrible smashes of the bursting shrapnel, the 
 wicked clips of the machine bullets, the everlasting friendship of the cooties, the eating of monkey 
 meat and the delight of sleeping in the mud, the innumerable nights in the shell holes and the 
 unending weeks without a bath — and all this from the boys who had experienced its every phase. 
 Letters minus the censor's veneer began to arrive about that time and the horrors and achieve- 
 ments of the war were soon matters of general knowledge. 
 
 It became evident that the return of the troops would be hurried, and Buffalo immediately 
 prepared to meet her home-coming soldiers. There was talk of erecting an immense arch at 
 Lafayette Square. Commissioner Malone sounded out sentiment on that project. While some 
 favored it, the preponderance of opinion seemed to be that the money could be more advanta- 
 geously spent in other ways. Work at the great munition plants had stopped with the signing of 
 
 Jii 
 
 Veterans of 102d Trench Mortar Battery 
 
 First of Buffalo's overseas men to reach home 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 329 
 
 the Armistice. The Curtiss Aeroplane plant with its many thousands of employes closed down 
 quickly and throngs of workingmen found themselves without employment. The returning 
 soldiers offered a problem in the labor field. The City under the direction of Mayor Buck 
 established a municipal employment bureau to procure employment for returning soldiers. 
 Herbert E. Crouch was named chairman of the committee which contained the following 
 members: 
 
 Vice-Chairmen, John W. Cowper, Arthur E. Hedstrom, C. Breckenridge Porter; Executive Secretary, C. G. 
 McLelland; Executive Committee, Frank B. Baird, Frank F. Henry, Robert Lacey, W. W. Reilley, William S. 
 Rogers, Langdon B. Wood, Arthur B. Warner; General Committee, E. J. Barcalo, Humphrey Birge, Emanuel 
 Boasberg, J. H. Bradley, M. F. Ciccarelli, John L. Clawson, William H. Crosby, William H. Donner, Harl Eslick, 
 James Gary Evans, Nisbet Grammer, Charles L. Gurney, W. R. Heath, Howard Heston, Lyman P. Hubbell, C. H. 
 McCullough, Jr.; James H. McNulty, George B. Mathews, Henry May, Jas. McC. Mitchell, Maxwell M. Nowak, 
 Enrico Ortalani, W. H. Sanford, Charles B. Thomas, Frank M. Tipton, C. C. Townsend, M. S. Tremaine, Newton 
 
 E. Turgeon, George P. Urban, R. T. Wheeler, A. H. Whitford, Philip J. Wickser, W. A. Wickwire, Ansley Wilcox, 
 Ralph G. Wright and C. R. WyckofiF. 
 
 A committee to welcome the returning soldiers was named by Mayor Buck on authorization 
 of the Council. Colonel Newton E. Turgeon of the 74th Regiment was made chairman of the 
 committee, the other members being: 
 
 Vice-Chairman, William W. Reilley; Secretary, Robert W. Elmes; Treasurer, Ernest W. M'Intyre; Executive 
 Committee, Dr. Charles R. Borzilleri, Patrick H. Cochrane, Mrs. Joseph P. Devine, Henry J. Girvin, Finley H. 
 Greene, Charles M. Heald, Rev. Samuel V. V. Holmes, Ralph S. Kent, Rabbi Louis J. Kopald, Robert Lacey, 
 Rev. Henry A. Mooney, Mrs. Theodore M. Pomeroy, Frank Ruszkiewicz, Captain Ansley W. Sawyer, Mrs. 
 Harry B. Spaulding; General Committee, Colonel C. E. P. Babcock, General Louis L. Babcock, Frederick G. 
 Bagley, Rev. Nelson H. Baker, Frank A. Barone, Rev. E. Robert Bennett, Lucius Bigelow, Samuel B. Botsford, 
 Major A. E. Brownrigg, Dr. C. Frank Bruso, Edward H. Butler, Bishop William Burt, Mrs. Thomas B. Carpenter, 
 William H. J. Cole, William J. Conners, Jr.; Walter P. Cooke, George G. Davidson, Jr.; John De Vicq, Frank A. 
 Dorn, Joseph F. Eltges, Charles A. Finnegan, Mrs. Frank W. Fiske, Jr.; Mrs. David Foley, Mrs. Howard A. For- 
 man. General George C. Fox, Louis P. Fuhrmann, Joseph E. Gavin, General John C. Graves, John Grimm, Jr.; 
 Carmelo Gugino, Colonel J. George Haffa, Ernest C. Hartwell, Alonzo G. Hinkley, Edward B. Holmes, Mrs. John 
 Miller Horton, Clifford Hubbell, Colonel Lyman P. Hubbell, Mrs. Allan D. Husted, General Edgar B. Jewett, 
 Arthur W. Kreinheder, Dr. F. Park Lewis, John Linsman, Charles H. M'Cullough, Jr.; Elliott C. McDougal, 
 Frank S. McGraw, James H. McNulty, Clarence MacGregor, Norman E. Mack, John F. Malone, Capt. Christian 
 Mathisean, George E. Matthews, James M. Mead, Henry D. Miles, Edward P. Murphy, Maxwell M. Nowak, Leon 
 Olszenski, Julian Park, Rev. Alex. Pitass, Inerio Randaccio, William S. Rann, Mrs. Horace Reed, Major G. Barrett 
 Rich, Jr.; William A. Rogers, Walter A. Schaffer, Charles Bennett Smith, James B. Stafford, Frank B. Steele, Mrs. 
 Walter W. Steele, Daniel J. Sweeney, Mrs. Nelson S. Taylor, Major Richard H. Templeton, Commander Charles 
 
 F. Ulrich, George Urban, Jr.; William F. Waldow, Captain Hamilton Ward, Rudolph J. Warner, Colonel John B. 
 Weber, General Samuel M. Welch, Alfred H. Whitford, John G. Wickser, Colonel Charles J. Wolf, Albert B. Wright. 
 
 The two committees began at once the preparation of plans to function along the lines pro- 
 posed. Before the last named committee had scarcely organized the first detachment of returning 
 men arrived. The members of Troop I, the little old cavalry troop of which Colonel Donovan 
 had been commander in the earlier days, and who had fought through the Argonne offensive back 
 of the 33d Division, arrived in Hoboken on January 24, 1919, and were immediately sent to Camp 
 Upton. The local committee had not fully organized, and, accordingly, there was no welcoming 
 committee on the dock to greet the returning troopers, but all received telegrams from home 
 and were extremely happy. 
 
 After the men were counted up at Camp Upton it was found that just 48 members of the Battery 
 had returned to America, the balance having been transferred to the 308th Trench Mortar Battery 
 a short time before their old outfit sailed for home. Of those back, thirty-six were Buffalo boys. 
 
 Leaving Camp Upton with their discharges safely tucked away in their pockets the boys arrived 
 in Buffalo on Wednesday, February 5th. Buffalo had an exceptionally pleasant month of Feb- 
 ruary in the year 1919. We experienced no severe cold weather, had lots of sunshine, and the 
 date on which the first contingent of Buffalo soldiers returned, while not the warmest of the 
 month, was clear and bright. The Express told, on the following day, the story of the boys' 
 return: 
 
330 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 "Mauretania" Steaming Up the Hudson River to Iloboken Pier with 108th Infantry 
 
 "Buffalo gave a dramatic, joyful welcome to her first contingent of returned soldier heroes yesterday when thirty-six 
 members of the 102d trench mortar battery, came proudly home after several months in the war zone. From the 
 time their train reached the station at 10.30 o'clock yesterday morning until the last dance had been finished at the 
 Knights of Columbus service club last night, Buffalo poured forth its tribute to the lads who have brought glory 
 and honor to the city. 
 
 "The troops reached the city on a special train over the New York Central, and, when they detrained, a clamorous, 
 insistent throng of relatives, friends and admirers rushed past the station guards, brushed a cordon of police aside 
 and gave them a greeting that must have been in strange contrast to the scenes through which they passed during 
 the great conflict. 
 
 "For a time it looked as though the carefully-laid plans of the committee of welcome, under Colonel Newton E. Tur- 
 geon, would come to naught. Members of the committee pleaded with the men, women and children who insisted upon 
 greeting their heroes in the way they saw fit regardless of the arrangements planned by the committee. It was some time 
 before the semblance of order could be restored and the men of the 102d battery fell into line for their march of triumph 
 through long lines of eager, welcoming thousands who flanked Main Street for blocks with a solid mass of humanity. 
 
 "With heads erect, eyes alight with vigor and health and their faces tanned to a ruddy glow the thirty-six men 
 tramped through Main Street to the accompaniment of handclapping, cheers and the shrieking of hundreds of whistles. 
 Flags fluttered from every point of vantage and automobile sirens joined in the pandemonium of welcome. It was a 
 scene that was strangely reminiscent of the peace day celebration, when cheering thousands poured through the 
 downtown streets and cheered until they could no longer articulate. 
 
 "Yesterday's march through Main Street brought out thousands who gave full vent to long pent emotions. Mingled 
 with the cheers and the cheery, 'God bless you,' of the crowd which lined the sidewalks and overflowed onto the 
 pavements could be heard, now and then, the stifled sob of a man or woman as the scene brought to their memory 
 lost ones who will never return. 
 
 " Factory whistles began their shrieking salvos of welcome at 9.55 o'clock, the time the train bearing the men was 
 scheduled to arrive in the city. For more than fifteen minutes they continued their lusty welcome for the heroes. 
 
 "The soldiers were met at the station by a delegation composed of Colonel Newton E. Turgeon, chairman of the 
 citizens' committee named by Mayor Buck in charge of the reception of homecoming troops, Councilmen Charles 
 M. Heald, Arthur W. Kreinheder and Frederick G. Bagley, City Clerk Daniel J. Sweeney and Chairman Frank A. 
 Dorn of the Board of Supervisors. 
 
 "Their escort consisted of a detail of mounted police, a band, and a detachment of the 74th Regiment under com- 
 mand of Captain Ansley W. Sawyer. The line formed on Exchange Street and the route of march was Exchange 
 Street to Main, to Tupper to Pearl. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 331 
 
 "Several minutes before the parade started it became evident that the detail of mounted police had a difficult 
 task on their hands. Exchange Street was a seething mass of human beings, each apparently intent upon being first 
 to greet the soldier lads. As the column reached Main and Exchange streets hundreds of belated welcomers rushed 
 from the lower end of the main thoroughfare and literally surrounded the returned heroes. Their progress through 
 Main Street was repeatedly interrupted by enthusiastic friends who disregarded the Police escort and rushed into 
 the street to grasp their friends by the hand to extend their heartfelt greetings upon their safe arrival home. 
 
 "A stirring scene was enacted at Pearl and Tupper streets, where relatives and friends of the men gathered in large 
 numbers to greet them with all the cordiality and happiness they have been hoarding for weary months. The motor 
 corps girls drew the curtain on this touching scene when they snatched up the men in waiting automobiles and whisked 
 them away to the 74th Regiment Armory, where they received the official welcome of the city and what's just as 
 important — their first feed in the home town in many months. 
 
 "The soldiers and their relatives arrived at the armory at 11.30 o'clock and were ushered into the reception hall 
 where Colonel Turgeon spoke of the arrangements the city had made on short notice. He told the men that the 
 welcome would have been twice as vociferous and much bigger if definite information regarding the time of their 
 arrival and whether or not they were coming home in a body had been forthcoming sooner. 
 
 "Councilman Heald was introduced as the speaker to extend the official greeting for the city. He said: 
 
 "'Ladies and gentlemen and boys of the 102d — and I use the word 'boys' in the reverence and respect and love 
 it carries rather than say 'men' — we welcome you home with full hearts, appreciating as we do the wonderful work 
 you have done for us abroad so nobly and so well. 
 
 "'You have placed America at the top of the pinnacle of nations, so that the other nations of the world look up 
 to us with respect. 
 
 "'It is not due to us at home that we have won this respect. It is due to you who won their respect abroad and 
 showed them what America truly is and what America is sure to be in the years to come. 
 
 "'We have been thousands of miles away from you, but our hearts have been with you every minute of your 
 absence. The electric chord of love has connected us and carried its message to you across the waters, and if you 
 have felt the impulses, they have been the reflection of our feeling at home. 
 
 "'During the Liberty Loan campaigns, we may have lagged in putting up the money to back you, but when we 
 realized that you were in the trenches, that you were looking into the mouths of German guns, the response came. 
 We never lagged then, but came across. We know that you deserved more than we could do. 
 
 "'The city of Buffalo welcomes you with a full heart, appreciative of what you have done, and henceforth and for- 
 ever you will stand in our midst as a living example of what America is and will be.' 
 
 "Then followed a luncheon which consisted of everything about which a hungry soldier might dream. The men 
 enjoyed the meal. As one of them remarked, ' Gee, this is some chow. I didn't think I was ever going to get another 
 one like this.' 
 
 "Last night a majority of the men accepted an invitation to dance at the Knight of Columbus service club at 
 Main and Tupper streets. They danced and feasted until an early hour this morning." 
 
 On March 6th the Mauretania carrying the 108th Infantry and other units of the 27th Division 
 steamed into New York Harbor and docked at Pier Three, Hoboken. The members of the 108th 
 were quickly transferred to ferry boats for the trip to Camp Merritt, N. J. There they were 
 put through the cleansing process so essential in removing the last of the cootie visitors from 
 abroad, and were ready then for demobilization. 
 
 Colonel Turgeon, General Louis E. Babcock and Norman E. Mack were members of a com- 
 mittee which endeavored to induce Secretary Baker to return the 108th Infantry and 106th 
 Artillery to Buffalo before demobilization, but it was apparent that such a course would neces- 
 sitate the return of the men to Camp Upton after the Buffalo parade and the plan was abandoned. 
 General Babcock and Mr. Mack with the co-operation of John Lord O'Brian, then in Washing- 
 ton, secured an order from the Secretary of War directing that the two regiments be mustered 
 out on the same day and be permitted to carry their side arms and equipment so that they could 
 march through the streets of Buffalo in the same military garb they wore as they marched over 
 the roads of France and Belgium a few months prior thereto. 
 
 The New York Reception Committee, appointed by Mayor Hylan, had determined on an 
 immense parade up Fifth Avenue for the entire Division in order that the Greater City might 
 tender to the returning soldiers an expression of its love and esteem. The parade was fixed for 
 March 25th, at which time all elements of the Division were back in camp on American soil. 
 Under the direction of Mayor Buck and the City Council, headquarters were opened at the 
 Pennsylvania Hotel by the writer to be known from that time forward for all returning soldiers 
 of Erie County as "Buffalo and Erie County Headquarters." The Buffalo Committee in New 
 
332 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 106th Field Artillery Arriving at Hoboken on Their Return from France 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 333 
 
 York was augmented by the arrival of General Samuel M. Welch, a former commander of the 
 65th Regiment — now the 106th Field Artillery; Colonel J. G. Haffa, another former commander 
 of the same regiment; Captain George H. Norton, City Engineer, and Commissioner Charles M. 
 Heald, member of the City Council and head of the Department of Finance and Accounts. That 
 committee greeted the returning members of the 106th Infantry at the Hoboken pier on Thurs- 
 day March 13th, Major Goodyear and Captain Keeler, met the Buffalo Committee to discuss 
 the trip home, while the other members of the regiment were hurried to ferry beats for the 
 trip to Camp Mills where they remained until the parade day in New York. 
 
 Buffalo had an exceptionally large representation at the big New York City Reception. The 
 city committee was headed by Mayor George S. Buck and included Councilmen John F. Malone, 
 Charles M. Heald, Arthur J. Kreinheder, Frederick G. Bagley ; City Clerk D. J. Sweeney, Colonel 
 N. E. Turgeon, chairman of the Mayor's Reception Committee; Finley H. Greene, chairman and 
 Frank B. Steele, secretary, of the Buffalo War History Committee; H. E. Crouch, chairman of 
 the Soldiers' Employment Committee; W. W. Reilly, vice chairman and Ernest Mclntyre, 
 treasurer of the Mayor's Reception Committee; Chairman Frank Dorn and the following mem- 
 bers of the Board of Supervisors: Joseph P. Broderick, Edwin F. Jaeckle, J. W. Becker, Thomas 
 H. McDonough, Lee W. Britting, Howell Drake, J. M. Schwert, John L. Staeber, H. W. Butler and 
 Alonzo G. Hinkley, Clerk to the Board ; Supervisors Carlton E. Ladd and G. G. Allen joined the com- 
 mittee later. John Flood, president of the Dauntless Club, was also a member of the Committee. 
 
 Many other Buflfalonians were in the throng that filled the immense stand stretching along 
 Fifth Avenue from 59th to 110th Streets. The day was ideal, the parade passed under giant 
 arches in the view of cheering crowds, the greatest gathering, probably, in the history of a thorough- 
 fare that has held America's most notable pageants. Buffalonians were scattered through the 
 length of the stands. 
 
 After the parade, the soldiers were entrained for Camp Upton to be demobilized. They were 
 mustered out on the last day of March and as they received their discharges they boarded special 
 trains over the Lehigh Valley, secured under the direction of General Welch, and on the night 
 of March 31st, a joyous crowd came up through the Pennsylvania hills to Buffalo, the first train 
 arriving at the Lehigh's Main Street station at 9.30 A. M. An immense assemblage of relatives 
 and friends had gathered at the station to meet them, but the police succeeded in keeping a 
 sufficient space clear to permit the formation of the parade. 
 
 Up to that day the weather had been fine. The parade in New York City on the preceding 
 Tuesday passed under cloudless skies with a temperature which made heavy coats uncomfort- 
 able. But when the boys reached Buffalo the thermometer had dropped to ten above zero and a 
 cutting wind filled with fine snow swept the streets and grandstands. It was, undoubtedly, the 
 coldest day Buffalo experienced that winter. Despite the cold and snow and wind, however, 
 Buffalonians thronged the sidewalks, filled the immense grandstand at Lafayette Square and 
 the windows in all the buildings along the line of march. The Buffalonians of that day had seen 
 their city in every emotion of life. They had viewed her days of pageantry, both those com- 
 memorating events of glory and of sadness; they had seen her with flags flying and at half mast, 
 decorated in gladness and stilled in mourning. They had seen the grandeur of the city in that 
 day of manly pride when the boys had marched away to war, they had seen it in sad and solemn 
 tribute to the martyred President McKinley, and they had seen the beauty of the city in the 
 June Day preparedness parade of 1916, but when they saw Buffalo braving the storm, her flags 
 defying the wind, and her steel-helmeted soldiers marching back from a victorious war through 
 long lanes of cheering people, they beheld Bufl'alo in the kind of glory that must have been Rome's. 
 It was for all the world like some old-time welcoming of the returning heroes. Indeed, it was 
 just that. The Evening Times of that day said : 
 
 "Eighteen months ago — September, 1917 — Buffalo bade Godspeed to her soldier sons members of the 74th Regi- 
 ment and the Third Field Artillery, formerly the old 65th, as they marched away at the nation's call to crush Prussian 
 autocracy. 
 
334 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 They Broke The Hindenburg Line 
 
 108th Infantry marching up Main Street on their return from France. 
 
 'To-day Buffalo poured out her heart to these same soldier sons, welcoming them home as among the greatest 
 heroes of the world war, the city literally outdoing itself when 250,000 people lined every inch of curb, thronged 
 windows and all points of vantage as the heroes of the 108th Regiment, the Hindenburg line busters; and the 106th 
 Field Artillery marched from the Lehigh Valley Station to their armories through a lane of cheering, crying and sob- 
 bing people, and under a canopy of colors and flags, such as the city has never seen before. 
 
 "And those boys! What an inspiring thrilling sight they made as they marched up that old Main Street, youths 
 in years, but veterans of war. There was no mistaking the change in their souls that the hell fires of war had wrought. 
 Gold service stripes of overseas rating and wound stripes on the majority of uniforms told the story. And among 
 the vast hundreds of thousands there was not a soul so dead that it was not awakened to a frenzy of cheers as the 
 gallant heroes swung up Main Street. 
 
 "Amid mighty soul stirring cheers from thousands of happy voices, Buffalo's soldiers of the 27th Division, the 
 boys who busted the Hindenburg line, arrived at the Lehigh Valley at 9.30 o'clock this morning. Nearly 1,500 of 
 them came in on three long trains, each train within 15 minutes of the other. It was a sight never to be forgotten. 
 Tanned and happy and looking every part the soldiers they are, the crowd when it caught its first glimpse of these 
 boys, went wild with delight. It cheered and cheered 'again. Whistles blew, bands played and bombs burst high in 
 the air, all in hearty welcome." 
 
 As the marching soldiers passed Lafayette Square they were reviewed by the representatives 
 of the National, State and City governments; Justices of the Supreme Court, and members of 
 all the war work committees, including the Liberty Loan, Red Cross, War Savings Stamps, War 
 Camp Community, Y. M. C. A., Knights of Columbus, Jewish Welfare; in fact, every organiza- 
 tion that had taken a part in the work at home while the fighting force was in training or in action 
 overseas. On the extreme right, in the grandstand stood the remaining members of the G. A. R. 
 in full uniform, their minds undoubtedly running back to the days of nearly a half century astern, 
 but their eyes intently fixed on the steel-helmeted marchers in khaki and their voices raised in 
 an expression of their admiration ; on the left of the Grand Army men were the Spanish- American 
 War veterans joining in the great popular acclaim to the newer heroes. 
 
 Mayor Buck, the Council and the representatives of the Board of Supervisors marched at the 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 335 
 
 head of the parade as far as Lafayette Square and then took their places in the reviewing stand 
 until the last soldier had passed. Commissioners Heald and Malone and various members of the 
 Board of Supervisors went from the Reviewing Stand to the 65th Regiment Armory, while Mayor 
 Buck, Commissioner Kreinheder, Commissioner Bagley and President Dorn of the Supervisors 
 motored to the 74th Armory. The parade moved on up Main Street through its cheering thou- 
 sands to North Street where the regiments divided, the 106th going to the 65th Armory and the 
 108th moving over North Street to the Circle to Porter to Prospect to the Connecticut Street 
 Armory. 
 
 Chairman Turgeon's committee had caterers at both armories and an elaborate lunch was 
 served for the returning soldiers and their parents. The crush about the armory doors was excep- 
 tionally heavy and the police had a difficult time in holding back the unticketed thousands who 
 desired to get inside to extend a welcome hand to the boys. 
 
 Those who were fortunate enough to view any portion of the reception will retain in memory 
 that picture for all time. They may or may not have realized that they were passing through 
 an historic event. The joy of the boys and of parents shed a radiance over the scene. Women 
 grabbed the boys in their arms and hugged and kissed them, alternately laughing and sobbing, 
 while the boys returned with equal vigor those expressions of joy and of love. The women were 
 mothers, wives, sisters, or perhaps, sweethearts of the returning boys; fathers had to take a 
 second place in that home-coming welcome. It was at the armories, when the parade had finished 
 and the boys had thrown off their helmets and knapsacks and had laid aside their guns, that 
 relatives were permitted to meet them. The great armories never had known a happier moment 
 than that, and probably never will again. 
 
 Mayor Buck, following the reception of relatives, expressed the city's formal welcome* to the 
 boys. At the time he made his address he had been joined by Mayor Carlson of Jamestown and 
 Mayor Toomey of Lackawanna. Others on the platform were Chairman Kent of the Westfield 
 Reception Committee; Commissioners Kreinheder and Bagley and a few out-of-town visitors. 
 While the Mayor, at one armory extended an expression of the city's gratitude and appreciation 
 and happiness to the boys in their home-coming, Commissioners Heald and Malone expressed 
 similar sentiments at the other. And after the luncheon was served the men hurried home to 
 look over the old places and tell to those who loved them best the thrilling story which in the 
 short space of a year had been woven into their lives. 
 
 The men of the 27th Division were followed home within a month by the 42d Division, next 
 came the men of Base Hospital No. 23, and then, on the heels of the latter, the 77th Division. 
 The first fighting unit of the selective service men to go overseas was the first to return, and 
 
 *"We are so glad you are back that it is hard for us to find ways in which to mal<e you understand our real thoughts and feelings. It is less 
 than two years ago that you were busy in our midst with your duties in civil life. When the call came to serve the country you left your 
 work here to take up your duties as soldiers. In the short time since you left us you have been trained as soldiers and have shown your ability 
 on the field of battle to surpass the best trained troops of Europe. You have done deeds that were held impossible by the wisest of military 
 judges. Your achievements are a wonderful tribute to your qualities as citizens. For you never could have done what you have were it not that 
 you were inspired by loyalty to the highest ideals of our American democracy. You saw in the great struggle across the Atlantic something of 
 more importance than your business, of more value than your home and life itself. It was because you saw all this and felt the inspiration of 
 the cause that you were able to do such wonderful work as soldiers. 
 
 "In the midst of our rejoicing we do not forget those who went out and have not come back. We do not forget those homes in our city in 
 which the ever present sorrow is quickened and made deeper by the general rejoicing of this day. There is nothing that we can do in the expres- 
 sion of sympathy or in the recognition of the qualities of those who have made the supreme sacrifice that can compensate homes and hearts bereaved 
 for the loss that is theirs. We can and we will create some lasting memorial to those who gave up their lives that the generations that come 
 hereafter may be reminded of the sacrifices made by the departed, and that the lives that they laid down may prove to be of double value, first 
 in the work which they accomplished on the field of battle, and, second, as a constant reminder and inspiration to the living to 'carry on' in the 
 field of service to the nation. 
 
 "To give you some idea of the feeling in the hearts of our people towards the boys in the army and navy who are coming back, let me tell you 
 that the real difficulty which those have to meet who are trying to welcome and aid these boys is not to find helpers in the work, but to keep the 
 many volunteers from getting in each others' way. For example, we all know that above every thing else the discharged soldiers and sailors want 
 to work that they may take again their part in the home life. We had so many agencies trying to find employment for these men that it became 
 necessary for the mayor to appoint a committee to act as a kind of clearing house and to be a medium of co-operation between them. You will 
 find this committee at any time on the ground floor of the D. S. Morgan Building. The city purposes not only that every returned soldier and 
 sailor shall have a job, but that if he needs help while looking for the job the city will give aid to him as a matter of right and justice. To get 
 this help apply at the office of the Commissioner of Finance and Accounts in the City Hall. 
 
 "A committee is also at work on a history of the part played by our boys in the war and of the chief events in our life at home during the 
 same period. Any soldier or sailor who wants a copy of this book, when published, can have one by applying at the office of the city clerk, in 
 the City and County Hall. Copies will be sent to the families of those who died in the service. 
 
 "A committee of welcome has been in charge of the events of to-day. It has worked hard. There has been much more to do than is involved 
 in any other kind of local parade. As you know it has been the policy of our government to send the men back a few at a time. We all wanted 
 them to return in units that we might have the chance to turn out and show what we thought of our boys. But until now that has been impos- 
 sible. It was no small task to win the consent of the government that the 108th Infantry and the 106th Field Artillery might return as units 
 with their arms and battle flags. We have done our best to give you a welcome right from the heart. You have seen the cheering throngs in 
 the streets and you know that I am giving expression to their thought when I say to ytu to-day. Today the city is youis Do with it as you 
 will." — From Mayor Buck's Address. 
 
336 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 % 
 
 ^\ 
 
 27th Division Returns to Buffalo 
 
 View at Main and Genesee Streets at 10.30 A. M., April 1, 1919, when the 108th Infantry and 106th Field Artillery 
 (old 74th and 65th) came home from France. Wounded men in autos 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 337 
 
 Buffalo Staff Officers Leading 108th Home 
 
 they brought with them the record of having advanced their line against the Boche farther than 
 any other American Division, which meant farther than any of the Allies' fighting divisions. A 
 parade, along the same generous lines as that of the 27th, was held in New York. Then the Buffalo 
 men of the Division went to Camp Upton, were demobilized and arrived on special trains over 
 the Lehigh Valley on Sunday, May 11th. They got into Buffalo in a ppuring rainstorm which 
 had drenched the city all through the preceding night. Notwithstanding the heavy downpour 
 the sidewalks and reviewing stands were crowded, and the boys were given an enthusiastic wel- 
 come all along the line of march, which, on this occasion, extended out Main Street as far as 
 Ferry Street. Seats had been provided for relatives on park benches along the curb near the 
 end of route, and General Alexander, commander of the Division, who rode at the head of the 
 parade reviewed the returning soldiers not far from that point. 
 
 The 82d Division men were next home, and then came the 78th Division with its large number 
 of Buffalo and Erie County boys. The first detachment of the last named Division reached 
 Buffalo on Memorial Day and marched with the members of the G. A. R. in their annual parade. 
 It was a delightful May day and the throng on the streets knew no bounds. The Blue of '65 and 
 the Khaki of '18 were cheered alike by the assembled thousands. The other men of the Division 
 drifted into Buffalo in small detachments. 
 
 Among the arrivals from France on May 17th, was a Buffalo Lieutenant, Edward Streeter, a 
 writer of note whose "Dere Mable" communications from France during the roughest days of 
 the war, served to take the edge off the gloomy side of soldier life. Not only were his letters 
 widely read throughout America, but they were a source of keen enjoyment to the boys in the 
 various divisions in Belgium and France. His letters were the letters of a clean-minded, newly- 
 made American soldier to his sweetheart at home. This pseudo soldier's knowledge of military 
 affairs however, was askew, and there was evidence that his education had been sadly neglected 
 in his youth. An idea of the merriment this Buffalo boy caused by his letters published in the 
 
338 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Stars and Stripes in France, in the Buffalo Times and in many other American newspapers, may 
 be gained from the following epistle written upon his arrival at New York shortly after disem- 
 barking from the " Plattsburgh " with the members of his division: 
 
 "Dere Mable: — Here's a surprise for you. Back in old N. Y. U. S. A. I have just brought the whole 322d Field 
 Artillery along with me on the Plattsburgh after spending fourteen months shooting over the La Belle France dis- 
 tricts where, as I have often wrote you, the big game was Boche. They are mostly Ohio troops, but that don't hurt 
 the division any. 
 
 "There was forty-one other officers besides yours truly, and 1,359 enlisted men, who probably wondered why they 
 wusn't officers. 
 
 " My cherrie, next to a AI maynew, which is broken Soissons for eats, what I wanted most was to see your face, 
 but it was'nt on the Hoboken peer. I know cause I could pick it out enywhere, I could not forget it, if you want a 
 gallic compliment. That's me all over, Mable, something if not blarney. 
 
 "You'll be glad to see me in my soldier scenery with a bar on each shoulder, and I here they is getting scarce in 
 this home of the free lunch. I wisht I might have come back a general or something for you but, say le gerre, as they 
 put it over at the piece conference. Enyhow I'll treat you wuth the same old uniform courtesy, which went big as 
 humor in Paris. I don't yet know how I think of them fast like that. 
 
 "I suppose you couldn't be at the peer because that old liver of your father's needed you to home. Mable, I have 
 brought back a cure for him. We scared the liver right outen the Boche and I bet you even I can do it to your old 
 man so he'll never bother you agen. 
 
 "I here you have went and given out to the public prince a lot of my private letters to you. Isn't this out of the 
 tres ordinary. All the reporters pulled Dere Mable stuff on me to-day when I landed and I could'nt believe it of you. 
 Now you'll have me kept writing stuff for months probably for skindicates and such, like everybody else who has 
 been in France and you know my motto is silence gives consent. I'll have to associate with authors, and God and 
 the censurs only know what they have did to this war. 
 
 "Well, from here I hike it to Camp Merrit for a spelling and then we take a transfer to Camp Sherman, which, no 
 matter w-hat the old general himself said, can't be no worse than the Argonne. Then my discharge and then Mable 
 you can unpack my kit and examine the souvenirs I brought from the trenches. I don't mean what you do. 
 
 Yours to the 14th point." 
 
 During the last days of May and early days of June banquets innumerable were held in all 
 parts of the city. Every locality celebrated the return of the men with a locality celebration of 
 
 106th Field Artillery in Home-Coming Parade 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 339 
 
 some sort. Buffalo at that period had a banquet board in nearly every room and hall large 
 enough to hold a gathering of any dimension. Family dinners in honor of returning boys were 
 as numerous as the minute notches on the clock, and all places of entertainment were adorned 
 with the khaki of the army and the navy blue. Various bureaus providing employment for the 
 soldiers worked diligently in placing the returning men, but there was not much difficulty in 
 finding jobs for the boys. Substantially every firm made good on its service flag by providing 
 a job for every star on the flag; the boys for the most part returned to their old positions. 
 
 Councilman Charles M. Heald had conceived an idea, soon after the signing of the Armistice, 
 of giving to every mother who had furnished a boy for the United States a medal emblematic of 
 the city's esteem. The medals were distributed during the latter days of May by Commissioner 
 Heald to the mothers as they assembled at the high schools in an answer to an invitation from 
 the city. The medals were of bronze with the city seal stamped upon them, and bearing an 
 inscription expressive of the city's esteem, the whole constituting a splendid municipal tribute to 
 the mothers of Buffalo soldiers. The Board of Supervisors issued a similar medal to the mothers 
 of soldiers throughout the towns. 
 
 And thus every honor that the municipality could bestow and every service the municipality 
 could render in the way of a home coming reception having been performed, the men and their 
 families settled back again into the routine life of the community, and the war remained but a 
 memory. 
 
340 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER XCIV 
 PUTTING HANDCUFFS ON DISLOYALTY 
 
 As America entered into the war it became necessary to combat the wide-spread German 
 
 ZA propaganda which had been assiduously promulgated. No end of money was made avail- 
 
 •^ ■*- able for the agents of the Hohenzollern dynasty to carry on their diversified attempts to 
 
 corrupt American sentiment, and, where possible, to retard American manufacturers and to destroy 
 
 generally the facilities for the production and transportation of war materials in this country. 
 
 Intrigue in America was carried on primarily through the agency of Count von Bernstorff, the 
 German diplomatic representative, and it was through his bad offices that the effort of Minister 
 Zimmermann at Berlin to foment an uprising in Mexico and Japan against the United States was 
 assiduously promoted. 
 
 When the United States Government seized the great wireless plants at Sayville and Tuckerton 
 shortly after the declaration of war they disclosed a network of espionage and intrigue. Those 
 plants were German owned and had transmitted 30,000 messages. 
 
 Seven large German-owned woolen mills at Passaic, N. J., refused to accept Government work, 
 and some of these even declined to raise the American flag. Those plants were then taken over 
 by L^ncle Sam, and soon thereafter were turning out uniforms to clothe American soldiers in their 
 battle against the armed forces of the Imperial German Government. 
 
 The German-American Lumber Company, owned by a cousin of the former Kaiser, controlled 
 St. Andrew's Bay, Fla., nearest southern port to the Panama Canal. When the LTnited States 
 agents reported that institution as disloyal, the Government seized it, and discovered that the 
 Company's office in Pittsburgh was a spy center. They knew nothing of the lumber business, but 
 the Company's files were choked with German literature, propaganda and correspondence. In 
 every city, spies were at work. The German Government had planned for many years the exten- 
 sion of its secret service into every nook and corner of the Universe. 
 
 Buffalo, happily, escaped the stain of any great amount of disloyalty among its citizens. No 
 spy centers were maintained here. And few pronounced German sympathizers were in evidence. 
 But one case became conspicuous, that of Captain John T. Ryan, Irish sympathizer, and former 
 leader in a local political organization, an offshoot of the Progressive Party, who became a fugi- 
 tive from justice. 
 
 Two Buffalo men occupied important posts in the United States plan for the suppression of 
 disloyalty, and the uncovering of German intrigue; one was John Lord O'Brian, a member of 
 the law firm of O'Brian, Hamlin, Donovan and Goodyear, all of whom except O'Brian were in 
 the United States Army. Mr. O'Brian a distinguished and accomplished lawyer, was formerly 
 United States District Attorney for the Buffalo district. The other was Alfred H. Becker, Assistant 
 Attorney General of the State of New York, and son of Tracy C. Becker, one of Buffalo's fore- 
 most legal practitioners. 
 
 The whole scheme for the registration and internment of enemy aliens was devised by Mr. 
 O'Brian. Whenever an enemy alien proved dangerous to the country, or interfered with the 
 successful prosecution of the law, he recommended his internment. On the other hand, he con- 
 sistently refused to intern Germans or Austrians who he believed would abide conscientiously by 
 the law. Under these regulations thousands of German and Austrian aliens were so subjected to 
 Federal control that the sum total of anti-American activities was kept surprisingly small. Mr. 
 O'Brian helped to prepare the sabotage act and passport act, and to him, perhaps more than to 
 anyone, credit for the system of protecting the seacoast, water fronts and army and naval bases, 
 was due. 
 
 German propaganda aiming to nullify America's part in the war was most rife in December, 
 1917, and January, 1918. It took the form of interpreting the war as a capitalistic war and sought 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 341 
 
 to foment resistance to the draft. That was effectively and vigorously suppressed. In the case 
 of Victor Berger and that of Rose Pastor Stokes, prosecutions were conducted under Mr. 0' Brian's 
 jurisdiction. 
 
 Religious pacifism came next. The Italian Government complained that Pastor Russell's paci- 
 fist literature was being sent into Italy from Greece and that an anti-war sermon by John Haynes 
 Holmes was dropped by Austrian aviators into the ranks of Italian armies. Mr. O'Brian took 
 charge of the prosecution of the Russellites, with the result that Rutherford, the leader, and 
 others were convicted. Part of Mr. O'Brian's work was the enforcement of the provision of the 
 draft act and the routing out and detection of slackers. 
 
 The work of detecting disloyalty and prosecuting the offenders in New York State fell largely 
 to Alfred L. Becker. Mr. Becker was a deputy in the office of the Attorney General at Albany. 
 He was born in Buffalo, March 22, 1878, educated at Harvard University and the Buffalo Law 
 School and had practiced law with his father in this city until appointed in the Attorney General's 
 office. 
 
 On May 21, 1917, the Peace and Safety Act passed by the New York State Legislature became 
 a law. It provided that the Attorney General, on the request of the Governor or with his con- 
 sent, should investigate matters concerning the public peace, public safety and public justice. 
 The Attorney General was given by that Act the power to subpoena witnesses and require them 
 to testify. The first use made of the powers given by that law was in August, 1917, when Governor 
 Whitman received from the French Government letters rogatory* for the taking of testimony in 
 the prosecution of Bolo Pasha for treason. An expert accountant obtained evidence from New 
 York banks, showing that the 10,000,000 francs used by Bolo Pasha for the purpose of purchas- 
 ing a controlling interest in the Paris "Journal" were derived from funds of the German Govern- 
 ment. Attorney General Lewis then designated Mr. Becker to undertake a further investigation 
 of the case, and Mr. Becker obtained the proofs upon which the treasonable activities of Bolo 
 Pasha in New York were proved to the satisfaction of the French military court, and Bolo was 
 executed. 
 
 Some of the most important proofs were obtained from the papers of Hugo Schmidt, a German 
 subject sent at the commencement of the European war to represent the Deutsche Bat)k, Berlin, 
 in America. 
 
 Mr. Becker, at the request of the Department of Justice, took possession, under subpoena, of 
 all the files of Hugo Schmidt, comprising over 50,000 documents, proceeded to give them a thorough 
 study, and obtained the evidence of witnesses who could throw light upon the transactions dis- 
 
 *(TRANSLATION) 
 Military- Government of Paris. 
 
 I, Bouchardon, Captain in charge of reports of the third permanent Court Martial of the Military Government of Paris, 
 
 Whereas there is an indictment against Marie Paul Bolo, accused of entertaining relations with the enemy, a crime defined and punished by 
 article 205 of the Code of Military Justice and article 77 of the Penal Code. 
 
 Give Rogatory Commission to the competent .American authorities to the effect that they may be pleased to inquire from the following parties: 
 lo) G. Amsinck and Co., Bankers, New York City, 
 2o) The New York Branch of the Royal Bank of Canada., 
 3o) J. P. Morgan and Co., Bankers, New York City. 
 
 Whether they have now or whether they have had an account in the name of Marie Paul Polo alias Bolo Pasha, or in the name of Mrs. Bolo, 
 and in case they have or they have had such an account, to request them to furnish a copy of the same, said copy to be transmitted to this Court 
 Martial. 
 
 From information obtained, it appears that between the 14th of March and the 3d of April, 1916, a total amount of $1,683,000, in round 
 numbers, may have been transferred from the bank of G. Amsinck and Co. to the branch of the Royal Bank of Canada, to be placed to the credit 
 of the account of Paul Bolo. 
 
 It is believed that out of said amount, on the 14th of March, 1916, a first sum of $170,000 was deposited with J. P. Morgan and Co., to the 
 credit of Paul Bolo's account. 
 
 It is also believed that on the 18th, 21st and 24th of March, 1916, three successive transfers were made to the Comptoir National d'Escompte 
 de Paris, branch T, to the credit of Madame Bolo, in sums respectively of $168,000, $169,000, $168,000. and 
 
 It is further believed that on the 14th of .\pril, 1916, a last transfer of one million dollars was made by the branch of the Royal Bank of Canada 
 to J. P. Morgan & Co., to the credit of Bolo's account. 
 Is the above information correct? 
 
 On what dates has Bolo deposited funds or caused funds to be deposited with G. .Amsinck and Co.? 
 
 Was the last deposit made before August 2nd, 1914? Where did the funds come from? Under what conditions and in what form were they 
 entered in the books of G. Amsinck and Co.? 
 Dated: Paris, Palace of Justice. 
 
 The fifteenth of June. 1917. 
 
 Signed; Bouchardon. 
 (u s.) 
 Seal of the 3rd Court Martial 
 
 of the Military Government of Paris 
 
 A true translation 
 
 Washington, August 11th, 1917 
 
 The Vice-Consul in charge of the 
 
 Chancery of the French Embassy: 
 
 Signed: Henky Abeel Bergeron 
 
342 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 closed by the documents. These papers proved to be an almost inexhaustible mine of informa- 
 tion concerning the German propaganda and the commercial intrigues in North and South America. 
 They disclosed a number of German secret codes for telegraphic communications and letters. 
 They furnished the basis for a list of over 30,000 American subscribers for the war loans of the 
 Central powers — an invaluable index to German sympathizers in the country. The Schmidt papers 
 also revealed the so-called wool plot to amass great supplies of wool in this country for German 
 account, using German-American firms as dummies to conceal real ownership. 
 
 After the successful execution by the State Attorney General of the letters rogatory in the 
 Bolo Pasha case, the French Government sent about a score of other letters rogatory for investi- 
 gations, in the cases of Charles Humbert, Senator of France, an associate of Bolo Pasha, held 
 in Sante Prison, Paris, for commerce with the enemy; Joseph Caillaux, former Premier of France, 
 and many others not so well known; and in all of these cases, Mr. Becker gathered important 
 evidence to be used on the trials of the accused. 
 
 The Buffalo man conducted a general investigation of German propaganda in this country and 
 was the first to expose to public knowledge the activities of many who later became well-known 
 as pro-German propagandists. Among these were George Sylvester Viereck, William Bayard 
 Hale and Louis N. Hammerling. In the course of this propaganda investigation, Mr. Becker 
 amassed all the evidence available of German Embassy funds and expenditures, and discovered 
 proof that the New York Evening Mail was bought by the German Government for propaganda 
 purposes. 
 
 Numerous other investigations were undertaken and the powers of the Attorney General freely 
 loaned to departments of the Federal Government, such as the Military Intelligence, the War 
 Trade Board and the Alien Property Custodian. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 343 
 
 CHAPTER XCV 
 FOUR MINUTE MEN OF BUFFALO 
 
 Shortly after the declaration of war the President created the Committee on Public Informa- 
 tion. One of the divisions of this committee was that of the Four Minute Men. The purpose 
 of this division was to convey information as to war activities of the Government to audiences 
 in theatres throughout the country through the medium of public speech. Local organizations of 
 Four Minute Men were created throughout the land. 
 
 The Buffalo organization of Four Minute Men was organized in July, 1917, with Edward H. 
 Butler as chairman and Clarence MacGregor as secretary. Mr. Butler resigned in March, 1918, 
 and Mr. MacGregor was appointed as chairman. Mr. MacGregor, having become a candidate 
 for Congress, tendered his resignation in August, 1918, which was accepted at the conclusion of 
 the Fourth Liberty Loan Campaign and Mr. Henry Price was appointed to succeed him. Over 
 one hundred speakers were upon the rolls of the organization and many hundreds of addresses 
 were made to audiences aggregating millions of people. The utmost co-operation existed between 
 the managers of all the Buffalo theatres, legitimate as well as motion picture theatres, and the 
 Four Minute Men. Theatre managers and audiences thoroughly appreciated the importance of 
 the work of this organization to such an extent that a Four Minute address became a part of the 
 regular program. 
 
 From July, 1917, until December, 1918, the Four Minute Men carried on a particularly con- 
 tinuous campaign in Buffalo's sixty-five theatres. About twenty different campaigns were carried 
 to the people of Buffalo including the Four Liberty Loan campaigns, the Food Conservation, 
 the Red Cross and United War Work appeals, War Savings Stamp campaign, and other cam- 
 paigns counteracting German propaganda. Of course, some members did more consistent work 
 that others, but all gave very generously of their time and ability in this cause. Among those 
 who served were: 
 
 Burwell Abbott, A. J. Abels, Harry Antram, C. F. Alward, C. J. Buckley, Henry C. Babel, Francis F. Baker, A- 
 E. Batzell, Charles F. Blair, Rev. C. D. Broughton, A. H. Burt, Rev. R. W. Boynton, Dr. J. Barnsdall, B. H. Bacon, 
 Allan Browne, Lawrence H. Bley, Rev. John D. Campbell, Wm. M. Clarke, C. D. Cowles, Chester R. Coleman, 
 Fayette Carlin, H. M. Cuberoof, J. F. Curran, Walter M. Delaplante, F. A. Daly, F. A. DeGraflf, O. H. Domedion, 
 Sam. Darlich, Jas. T. Driscoll, Lyman K. Dilts, Dr. J. B. Ernsmere, Sherman D. Enoch, Harl Eslick, R. W. Far- 
 rington, H. L. Fritch, F. M. Friel, F. Fulcher, E. R. Fabel, Henry W. Fox, William B. Frye, Edward S. Fabianski, 
 Christopher G. Grauer, Glen F. Gaskill, Louis Goldring, E. G. Greene, Frank Gibbons, B. M. Henschel, Hon. Geo. 
 L. Hager, Sundel J. Holender, Fred Houghton, Rev. Harry H. Hubbell, Ed. C. Handwerk, Oliver Hamister, Dean 
 Hyland, Hon. L. H. Hart, R. C. Hull, Hon. A. A. Hartzell, Clinton T. Horton, Cordon T. Hackett, F. H. Kayser, 
 Rev. Walter Krumweide, Ralph S. Kent, Calvin D. Kingston, Leo Kaczmarek, Andrew Lange, Thos. E. Lawrence, 
 Gomer Lesch, L E. Luskin, F. J. Luettgen, Lewis Lee, Ed. E. Lewis, W. K. Missal, J. C. Morey, Joseph Murphy, 
 Capt. C. K. Mellen, Rev. R. J. MacAlpine, Dr. Geo. P. Michel, C. L. Mache, Guy B. Moore, Clarence MacGregor, 
 Karl A. McCormick, Roderick H. MacGregor, John McF. Howie, H. E. Murray, W. H. Means, Ray C. Neal, J. F. 
 Nash, Harry L. Nuese, Hon. Thos. A. Noonan, R. C. O'Keefe, Fred O'Dea, Henry C. Price, Wortley B. Paul, Israel 
 Rumizen, R. S. Ruthven, James M. Rozan, E. Rubenstein, Frederick C. Rupp, C. R. Runals, Rev. J. W. Ross, Rev. 
 Clinton L. Scott, James E. Shaw, J. C. Spaulding, Wm. H. Stanley, Chas. D. Stickney, Rev. R. C. Stoll, Philip 
 Sullivan, H. R. Smallenberg, Leon Sapienza, W. Bartlett Sumner, Rev. R. R. Sloane, Geo. P. Snyder, Ansley W. 
 Sawyer, George H. Smith, Joseph A. Stone, Dilworth M. Silver, Col. H. L Sackett, R. H. Templeton, Rev. W. R. 
 Torrens, Chas. Thompson, George B. Tyler, Willis H. Tennant, John D. Wells, Bertold White, Carl Wachter, 
 Rev. H. M. Wilson, W. H. Zawadski, Rev. Geo. F. Williams, G. W. Wannamacher, George W. Woltz, W. C. Wheeler, 
 Foster B. Turnbull, Henry W. Willis, Thomas R. Wheeler, B. H. White, Stephen Verdi, H. B. Butterfield. 
 
 On October 16, 1917, Herbert Hoover, head of the United States Food Administration, wrote 
 requesting the services of the Four Minute Men in the following words: " I am wi'iting this note 
 to solicit in particular the active support of the Four Minute Men. If their work on the Food 
 Campaign will be as enthusiastic and effective as it is now proving in the Liberty Loan Campaign, 
 I am satisfied that a large and permanent good in our cause can be accomplished by your speakers. " 
 
344 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 On November 9, 1917, the President of the United States sent his first communication to the 
 fifteen thousand Four Minute Men of the United States: 
 
 " May I not express my very real interest in the vigorous and intelligent work your organization is doing in connection with the Committee 
 on Public Information? It is surely a matter worthy of sincere appreciation that a body of thoughtful citizens with the hearty co-operation of 
 the managers of moving picture theaters are engaged in the presentation and discussion of the purpose and measures of these critical days. 
 
 "Men and nations are at their worst or at their best in any great struggle. The spoken word may light the fires of passion and unreason or 
 it may inspire to highest action and noblest sacrifice a nation of freedom. Upon you Four Minute Men who are charged with a special duty and 
 enjoy a special privilege in the command of your audiences, will rest in a considerable degree, the task of arousing and informing the great body 
 of our people, so that when the record of these days is complete we shall read page for page with the deeds of army and navy the story of the unity, 
 the spirit of sacrifice, the unceasing labors, the high courage of the men and women at home who held unbroken the inner lines. My best wishes 
 and continuing interest are with you in your work as part of the reserve officer corps in a nation thrice armed because through your efforts it 
 knows better the justice of its cause and the value of what it defends." 
 
 On November 17, 1917, the Hon. Newton D. Baker, Secretary of War, in accepting an offer 
 to prepare and send bulletins to army commanders, commenced his letter with the following 
 words: 
 
 "I desire to express to you my appreciation of the patriotic work of the organization of the Division of Four Minute Men. The 15,000 vol- 
 unteer speakers in spreading information regarding the work of the Government are doing a most praiseworthy work, and the effect which tends 
 to bring all the citizens into more intimate contact with the things that are being done for them and by them, cannot be otherwise than whole- 
 some." 
 
 In acknowledging the receipt of binoculars, chronometers, sextants, etc., in response to the 
 campaign of February llth-16th, 1918, entitled "Eyes for the Navy," FrankHn D. Roosevelt, 
 Assistant Secretary of the Navy, made the following significant statement in a letter dated May 
 2d, 1918: 
 
 "From information received in letters of transmittal, and from glasses forwarded by branches of the Four Minute Men, it has been calculated 
 that 23,852 out of the total of 36,696 received from the time their campaign started May 1, 1918, are the direct result of their efforts. Such a 
 showing is highly gratifying, and on behalf of the Navy, I want to thank you, and through you each and every Four Minute Man associated in 
 this Campaign for such splendid results." 
 
 On June 5th, the Hon. W. G. McAdoo, Secretary of the Treasury, wrote in commendation of 
 the co-operation of the Four Minute Men in a War Savings Stamp Campaign, and on November 
 14th, Thomas E. Green of the Speakers' Bureau of the American Red Cross, said: "The American 
 Red Cross thoroughly appreciate and gladly bear witness to the great assistance your organiza- 
 tion has rendered us in our previous campaigns." Secretary Daniels likewise expressed his 
 appreciation. 
 
 On November 29, 1918, just before he sailed for Europe, the President added the keystone to 
 the arch of appreciative comment on the war work of the Four Minute Men in a letter acknowledg- 
 ing receipt of the final report on their work. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 345 
 
 CHAPTER XCVI 
 THE SCHOOLS— THE CHILDREN — THE TEACHERS 
 
 No history of Buffalo at this period would be complete without a review of the work of 
 faculty, teachers and pupils in the schools of Buffalo and Erie County, public, parochial 
 and private. The work of one school, however, was typical of the work of all schools. 
 In every section of the city and county, the school children played a most energetic, efficient 
 and patriotic part. 
 
 To set down the record of school activities from college to kindergarten, from superintendent 
 to substitute, and from graduate to beginner, would require many volumes similar to this, but, 
 in order that the future generation may have some idea of the manner in which the schools func- 
 tioned during the war period, Deputy Superintendent George E. Smith of the Buffalo public 
 schools has prepared a review of the work in his department, which, when multiplied by the 
 number of schools in Erie County, might be said to be a review of the school work throughout 
 the county. It is not so extensive nor so elaborate as Dr. Smith would Hke it to be, but 'twill do. 
 
 "I beg leave to preface the report of the war activities in the public schools of Buffalo, 
 with such an explanation to principals, teachers, children, patrons and public as shall make it 
 clear: 
 
 "First — Why many, yes, the mass, of those who performed valuable, or even noteworthy, service 
 are not mentioned. 
 
 "Second — Why notable features showing marked originality, executive ability, on the part of 
 principals, teachers and children are only touched upon or left entirely unnoticed. 
 
 School No. 60's Indicator 
 Note the stars for Rooms 9 and 16. Every Aeroplane went to the top 
 
346 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 "Third — Why special acknowledgment is not given to a larger number of prize winners and 
 leaders. 
 
 "Fourth — Why whole committees who performed special service are conspicuous by their absence. 
 
 "To each and all of these groups I would say, first, that a mere list of those who served faith- 
 fully and well would mean a roster of thousands of children to say nothing of 2,000 teachers, 
 principals and executives; second, a mention of special features would require at least a page to 
 almost every school; third, that with the exception of a few conspicuous cases the records of 
 prize winners and leaders has not been preserved, and the same is true of many special commit- 
 tees; while even if the data were at hand it should be understood that the entire War History 
 of Buffalo is to be compiled in a volume of approximately 600 pages, which means that com- 
 paratively only a few pages can be given to Schools as a separate and distinct institution. This 
 will be better appreciated when I say that the record of the schools' work in the Second Liberty 
 Loan Drive alone consumed fifty pages of tjrpewritten matter. It will be seen that a complete 
 record of the Four Liberty Loan Drives, from the Second to the Fifth inclusive, to say nothing 
 of other important activities of the schools, might form a book of 200 pages. 
 
 "Let me close this foreword with the message of our beloved Chairman, Mr. Walter P. Cooke, 
 which he sends to the schools: 'The results which you have obtained in the Liberty Loan Drives 
 are the finest testimonials that can be given you, as I believe these results surpass those of any 
 other city in the country. I cannot adequately begin to thank you for the work you have done, 
 but I want to tell you how thoroughly we appreciated it. ' 
 
 "Each of us partakes in this deserved praise and in the joy of accomplishment. What more 
 
 should we desire? o- i 
 
 Smcerely yours, 
 
 George E. Smith, Chairman, 
 
 Schools Liberty Loan Committee." 
 
 The War did many wonderful things and not the least of these is that it gave schools, school teachers and school 
 children a place in history. As makers of history, how important that place, it is the function of this chapter to show. 
 
 The war work of the schools began when "war's desolation" blighted Belgium, and it was found that millions 
 of little hands directed by thousands of devoted teachers could be made a tremendous instrument of relief, — "The 
 Belgians were starving;" little feet became busy collecting food: "The Belgians are freezing," and nimble little 
 fingers were soon trained to clothe them. "The wounded soldiers need bandages, pillows and splints;" little busy 
 elves, the children, set to work and they were ready almost over night. "We must have money, and the spirit of 
 saving, giving and loaning." It was the children, enthused and instructed by their teachers, who took the message 
 and the spirit to every home. And so in every aspect of the war, in every field of war activity, there were evident 
 the hand and heart of a child — the tremendous influence of the schools throughout the land. 
 
 What Buffalo's Schools did is outlined below. Each phase will be treated as fully as space permits. 
 
 PHASES OF WAR WORK IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS 
 l^Honor Roll — Teachers in Service. 
 2 — Liberty Loan Campaigns, Second to Fifth, inclusive: 
 (a) — Organization. 
 (6)— Results. 
 
 (c) — How results were obtained. 
 3 — War Saving Stamps — Report of School Organization. 
 4 — Red Cross Junior Department. 
 5 — Red Cross, Second War Fund Campaign. 
 6 — Smileage Book Campaign. 
 7 — United War Work Campaign. 
 8 — Training men of draft age for special service. 
 9 — Vocational Training of Soldiers. 
 10 — Propaganda — Disseminating the Spirit of Loyalty. 
 11 — Unification of the citizenry of Buffalo. 
 12 — Reflex results — "By-Products" of school work. 
 
 Thirteen women and forty-six men from the Department of Education have performed active service for their 
 country in various U. S. organizations. Their names and branch of service will be found in the roster of Buffalo 
 men and women who entered the Government Service. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 347 
 
 buffalo schools and the liberty loans 
 
 Germany's strength was developed by a systematic propaganda conducted through her schools. Her weakness 
 lay in the fact that the propaganda was false, selfish, base. 
 
 America's weakness, before the war, was lack of any systematic propaganda in her schools making for the develop- 
 ment of a national democratic spirit and cohesive forces in national, industrial and social life. Her strength lay in 
 the fact that she had these forces latent in the souls of her people, not as a product of education, but inherent in the 
 heart of every liberty-loving immigrant from the first pilgrim to the last arrival at Ellis Island. 
 
 America's danger was that each succeeding generation was one step farther removed from the parent stock; the 
 fountain head, which had furnished the traditions, the ideals, the burning love for liberty, created by first contact 
 with despotic power. 
 
 America's hope for the future lies in the fact that the great outrage on mankind has brought to the children an 
 object lesson in what real liberty is; what it would cost to lose it, and, best of all for coming Americans, the joy of 
 working, saving, fighting or even dying for it. 
 
 Every child that worked to win the war has had a re-birth into the true spirit of Democracy. He will be loyal to 
 that which he has joyfully served. It is the principle which makes the War Work of the schools most important. And 
 of all their work, their service in the Liberty Loan Campaigns stands first because it appealed to every worthy emotion, 
 and was made thereby a part of their very being. Older generations may backslide to their "flesh pots" but the 
 children of to-day, the citizens of to-morrow, will make better Americans — a better America. 
 
 This introduction will give the true significance and perspective of the schools' participation in the Liberty Loan 
 Campaigns. The personnel of the organization will be interesting as a matter of record. 
 
 LIBERTY LOAN SCHOOLS COMMITTEE 
 Appointed by Walter P. Cooke, General Chairman, Liberty Loan Committee; formed October 8, 1917; Second 
 Loan: 
 
 Dr. Henry P. Emerson, Superintendent of Schools, Chairman 
 Dr. Daniel Upton, Principal Buffalo State Normal School, Vice-Chairman 
 
 Members 
 Hon. Charles M. Heald, Commissioner of Public Affairs; Edwards D. Emerson, President, Board of Education; 
 Louis Desbecker, Member, Board of Education; Mrs. John G. Wickser, Member, Board of Education; Dr. George 
 E. Smith, Charles P. Alvord, Eugene G. Hughey and Sophie C.Becker, Deputy Superintendents of Schools; Harriet 
 L. Butler, President, Women Teachers' Association; Anna Rieman, President, Teachers Educational League; William 
 B. Kamprath, President, Schoolmasters' Association; Adolph Duschak, President, School Principals' Council; Mar- 
 garet O'Malley, President, Women Principals' Association; M. Smith Thomas, Assistant-Principal, Hutchinson 
 High School; Ruth J. Alport, Teacher, Masten Park High School; Byron Heath, Principal Teachers' Training 
 School; Helen O'Connor, Teacher, School No. 8; Francis H. Wing, Supervisor Industrial Education; James Storer, 
 Secretary Board of Education. 
 
 Third Loan — Same personnel, except that Dr. George E. Smith was appointed Vice-Chairman in place of Dr. Daniel 
 Upton who resigned on account of illness. Organization enlarged and specialized. (See Fourth Loan.) 
 
 FOURTH LOAN 
 
 Dr. Smith was appointed Chairman of the Fourth Campaign in consequence of the death of Dr. Daniel Upton 
 and the resignation of Dr. Emerson as Superintendent. William D. Fisher succeeded Mr. Storer and Frederick G. 
 Bagley succeeded Mr. Heald representing the City Council on the Fourth Campaign. 
 
 On the Fifth Campaign Mr. Cooke appointed Superintendent of Schools, Ernest C. Hartwell and H. W. Rockwell, 
 Principal of the Normal School, to serve on the General Committee. 
 
 With each succeeding campaign the possibilities for specialization in organization were recognized more and more, 
 therefore the Chairman organized the following committees the members of which were each in charge of a 
 special department or function. The personnel of these committees follows: 
 
 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 
 Benjamin L. Abel, Chairman 
 Members 
 Arthur J. Abbott, Harry W. Jacobs, David H. Childs, Charles F. Reif, Francis H. Wing, Carl H. Burkhardt, 
 Charles J. Costello, Ada M. Gates, William B. Kamprath, Loretta F. Reister, Clara E. Schwartz, H. H. Moyer, 
 Arthur Penfold, Catherine Sullivan, Charles W. Whitney, Charles Kennedy, William M. Clark, William H. Pillsbury, 
 Milford Kleis, Wilfred Sherk, Charles W. Whitney, William Weafer, Isabelle R. Ingram, Elizabeth A. Pierce, Maud 
 K. Geyer, Sophia C. Hadida. 
 
 /Records— .Jessie C. Beidleman, Emma Leonard, Cora W. Briggs, Elizabeth Chambers, Celestine Kennedy, Hat- 
 tiebel Sutherland, Mary Van Arsdale, Julia Wedekindt, Augusta A. Carney, Ruth Tresselt, Elizabeth Weiss, Vic- 
 toria K. White, Evadne Minehan, Bessie Myers, Dorothy Ladue, Harriet Abraham, Cora J. Werner, Elizabeth 
 Burkhardt, Catherine M. Daley, Levina Folts, Vera Gill, Theresa I. James, Blanche Kempner, Pearl C. McMahon. 
 
348 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Tabulation — Sophie Blakeslee, Alice Bristol, Hazel Moore, Dorothea Rose, Emma Extein, Teresa Hartman, Bar- 
 bara P. Ruby, Ella Chamberlain, Alice Zingsheim. 
 
 Dr. Smith and others have paid a very great tribute to Benjamin L. Abel, whose executive ability made possible 
 the splendid success of the schools. Mr. Abel created an absolutely mistake-proof plan of making daily returns and 
 reports from each school, of keeping track of returns and reports as they came in, of accounting for hundreds of thou- 
 sands of dollars in initial subscriptions, of making a daily press report giving the standing of each school, of making 
 a full report absolutely complete and perfect. He trained a large and efficient force of helpers mentioned above 
 under committee of Records, Tabulation and Reports, and in the Fifth Drive he was responsible for the delivery of 
 the vast amount of materials needed by the schools. Mr. Abel's Committee was the only one in the Liberty Loan 
 organization of the city where in the final accounting there were no mistakes. In paying this tribute to Mr. Abel, 
 they detract nothing from the splendid record of others on the executive committee and in the schools generally, 
 each and all of whom did faithfully and well that which came to his hand to do. 
 
 LIBERTY LOAN CAMPAIGNS— SECOND TO FIFTH INCLUSIVE 
 
 RESULTS 
 
 The results of the Public Schools participation in the Liberty Loan Campaigns fall into two classes: 
 
 (a) — Material results; those that can be accurately estimated. 
 
 (b) — "By-Products" that cannot be measured. 
 
 The "by-products" or immeasurable results, will be reserved for discussion at the close of this chapter under the 
 heading "Reflex Results." 
 
 A detailed summary of the measurable results of the Liberty Loan campaigns will be found in the table of results. 
 A general summary of these results are important at this point. 
 
 SUMMARY OF PUBLIC SCHOOL WORK — LIBERTY LOAN CAMPAIGNS 
 Amount of Subscriptions: Second Loan, $1,115,800; Third Loan, $2,050,200; Fourth Loan, $2,583,250; Fifth 
 
 Loan, $3,197,800. Total, $8,947,050. 
 
 Number of Subscriptions: Second Loan, 12,251; Third Loan, 21,975; Fourth Loan, 26,079; Fifth Loan, 29,742. 
 
 Total, 90,045. 
 
 Nearly nine millions of dollars in subscriptions with nearly one hundred thousand subscribers secured in four 
 
 drives, one of which was conducted in the height of the epidemic of influenza which closed the schools leaving only 
 
 Liberty Loan Regiment, School No. 41 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 349 
 
 nine school days for actual work; while the last and greatest began a week late on account of Easter Vacation. Surely 
 "how it was done" is worthy a place in history. 
 
 In narrative form the subject would make a story which would enthuse every heart. It would make every Buffalo- 
 nian proud of the 60,000 children and the 2,000 men and women, principals and teachers, who led them. It would 
 make a long story of fine achievement accomplished at the expense of hours of hard work, but with a loyal devotion 
 to the cause and a fine enthusiasm which made the work a pleasure and a privilege. It would be a story of keen 
 competition and worth while emulation which ended in worthy laurels for the victors, but with no sting of defeat 
 for the vanquished for each "played fair" and did his best. In fact, it may be said there were no vanquished for 
 virtually every school reached its goal. 
 
 This account, given in full, would have a dozen human stories from every school, indeed the history of every school 
 may be written, if for no other purpose than to show Buffalo its wealth of originality and initiative of "punch" and 
 push and power to do things inherent in every district. 
 
 It would be wholesome for some who pride themselves on their American lineage to read of Americo Victorio 
 Provenza, born in April, 1918, who owns a Liberty Bond and whose very name is a prayer for American Victory. 
 The father is an Italian in School District No. 1. School No. 2 is justly proud of John Syracuse, a little boot-black 
 who bought a bond and paid for it shining shoes. 
 
 The patrons of School No. 56, Grammar School leader in every drive, would enjoy a chapter on how it was done. 
 
 Fifty-six, Lafayette and Hutchinson; the Big Three, that contributed over one million dollars to the last Victory 
 Loan Drive; Lafayette winning in the home stretch. What a contest it was; what a victory; but not perhaps greater 
 than that of Nos. 14, 15, 26, Peckham, Elm, the School of Practice and many others. The great South Side would 
 like the story of how Young South Park won both banners on the Third Drive and the splendid showing of 26, 27, 
 28 and 29. 
 
 How the North West Corner would enjoy an account of the Epic Battle between "Fifty-four and her neighbor 
 Fifty-three, Twenty-two, Seventeen and Sixteen; Fifty-four, finally, leading in the total amount, but Sixteen leading 
 in the average per pupil; both beaten, however, in average sales by the School of Practice. 
 
 To the 8th Grade of No. 50 School goes the credit of having created the most potent and touching device for sell- 
 ing bonds. It was the good ship "Victory" anchored ready to sail for home. Its wide gangway is lowered; every 
 one of the fifteen stairs represents a Liberty Bond; when a class had sold a Bond, a soldier for that class began to 
 ascend the gangway; at the $750 step the soldier was safe on board ready to start for home. A picture of the "Vic- 
 tory" is shown on another page, together with other excellent devices. 
 
 The poor historian knows not where to stop in the list of those entitled to mention. 
 
 RESULTS— HOW OBTAINED 
 
 DETAILS OF CAMPAIGN 
 
 In the event of another emergency arising, the results of two and one-half years of experience in school drives are 
 here summarized and recorded: 
 
 The Liberty Loan General Committee assigned the Schools Committee a four-fold obligation, namely: 
 
 1 — To raise a definite amount (allotment). 
 
 2 — To distribute the loans as widely as possible. 
 
 3 — To disseminate the spirit of the loans throughout the city. 
 
 4 — To become the agents of the Committee in the publicity campaign. 
 
 This assignment was accepted by the schools committee on the part of the schools not only as an obligation but 
 a privilege — an opportunity for the schools to do their part toward winning the war. 
 
 Plans were formulated by the General Schools Committee. The plans were presented to the principals in general 
 meeting; there discussed and accepted, and thereafter considered binding. 
 
 Next came a general meeting of all the teachers who in turn were made conversant with the plan and addressed by 
 an inspiring speaker. Thus each was able to inform and enthuse her class. (See typical program.) 
 
 SOME OF THE AIMS AND FUNCTIONS OF GENERAL PLAN 
 I — To fix and individualize responsibility: 
 1 — Each school given a quota. 
 2 — Each class a study room quota. 
 3 — Each school to make daily reports. 
 4 — Each school to show sales on outside indicator. 
 5 — Each class to show sales on outside of class-room door. 
 6 — Each school expected to have faculty 100% Bond buyers, etc. 
 II — To educate pupils as to the use of Loan, meaning of bonds, value of bonds, etc: 
 1 — By means of government literature, posters, etc. 
 2 — By means of city contests. 
 
 (a) Essay, poem, slogan, etc. 
 
 (6) Spelling, word building. 
 
 (c) Art, Liberty Loan posters. 
 
350 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 3 — By means of talks, stories, etc., by teachers. 
 4 — By adapting the lessons to the Liberty Loan idea. 
 5 — By addresses by pupils, teachers and principal. 
 6 — By addresses by Liberty Loan speakers. 
 Ill — To inspire emulation: 
 
 1 — By daily published reports showing standing of all schools. 
 2 — By giving special badge or button to: 
 
 (a) Bond buyers. 
 
 (6) Bond sellers. 
 
 (c) Class-room leaders. 
 
 (d) School leaders. 
 
 3 — By gi\'ing quota flags or quota certificates. 
 IV — To arouse school competition: 
 
 1 — By high-school leader flag. 
 
 2 — By city leader banner or flags. 
 
 3 — By group leader banner or flags. 
 V — To enthuse district: 
 
 1— By direct appeal of children. 
 
 2 — By arousing district pride and school loyalty. 
 
 3 — By organization of school regiments — every soldier a bond seller. 
 
 4 — By district parades, often spectacular and always enthusiastic. 
 
 5 — By evening meetings. 
 
 6 — By plays and pageants. 
 
 7 — By striking devices. 
 
 8 — By arousing desire that their children be a part of patriotic movement. 
 
 9 — Liberty Loan chorus in every school. 
 VI — To daily communication between Schools Committee and the schools; (daily envelope sent to each school.) 
 (a) Giving receipts for initial deposits. 
 (6) Instruction if necessary. 
 
 (c) Materials needed. 
 
 (d) Standardizing letter when thought advisable. 
 VII — To insure accuracy: 
 
 System devised by Mr. B. L. Abel, mentioned in preceding pages — too technical to be included in this report. 
 VIII — To distribute posters, circulars, etc. 
 
 1 — Hutchinson High-School Distribution Corps distributed to schools. 
 2 — Grammar School Distribution Squads distributed through district. 
 
 LEADERS AND CONTEST WINNERS— SECOND LOAN 
 
 School No. 56, Hewson H. Moyer, Principal, won Leader Flag. 
 Winners of Essay Contests were not reported. 
 
 THIRD LOAN 
 
 School No. 56 again won Leader Banner. 
 
 South Park High-school won two silk flags awarded for highest average amount of sales and highest average num- 
 ber of sales. ■ 
 Anna Leichnitz, Sixth Grade, School No. 28, won contest on Liberty Loan Poem. ■ 
 Dorothy Long, School No. 22, won contest on Liberty Loan Pledge. 
 
 FOURTH LOAN 
 City Leader, Grammar Schools, No. 56. 
 High-schools, Lafayette. 
 Group Leaders: — Group A — School No. 35. 
 
 Group B— School No. 14. 
 
 Group C— School No. 29. 
 
 Group D — School of Practice. 
 
 Group E — Elm Vocational. 
 
 LIBERTY LOAN WORD CONTEST 
 To concentrate attention upon the Liberty Loan, prizes of War Saving Stamps were offered in the grammer schools 
 to those pupils who formed the largest number of words from the phrase " Fourth Liberty Loan." Pupils were allowed 
 a definite time for this work, but only one hour of school time. Miss Harriet L. Butler, Assistant Principal, School 
 No. 10, was in charge of the contest. Much enthusiasm was shown. The winners were announced as follows: 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 351 
 
 The Good Ship "Victory" Designed and Made by the 8th Grade of School No. 50 
 
 It carried the School into the Harbor — "Splendid Success" 
 GRAMMAR GRADES 
 
 First Prize — Gertrude E. Schumacher, Grade 8, School No. 16. 
 Second Prize — Myra A. Summer, Grade 8, School No. 60. 
 Third Prize— Bertha Bursuck, Grade 9, School No. 12. 
 
 INTERMEDIATE GRADES 
 
 First Prize — Norman R. Millard, Grade 5, School No. 52. 
 Second Prize — Muriel Dorr, Grade 4, School No. 43. 
 Third Pme— Ruth Tomlinson, Grade 5, School No. 61. 
 
 PRIMARY GRADES 
 
 First Prize — Vivian Wonnacott, Grade 3, School No. 51. 
 
 Second Prize — Warner Aures, Grade 2, School No. 43. 
 
 Third Prize — Jane Cooper, Grade 2, School No. 53. 
 
 For the same purpose the Art Department was enlisted in a contest for prizes for the best poster advertising the 
 Fourth Liberty Loan. Mr. Harry W. Jacobs, Supervisor of Art Instruction, was in charge. Posters of great merit 
 resulted from this contest which was open to High Schools and Ninth Grades only. The prize winners were: 
 
 HIGH SCHOOLS 
 
 First Prize — Douglas A. Schoerke, Hutchinson-Central. 
 
 Second Prize — Gerald A. Mahoney, Hutchinson-Central. 
 
 Third Prize— Hilda Goehler, Lafayette. 
 
 GRAMMAR SCHOOLS 
 
 First Prize—Gladys Gehm, School No. 62. 
 Second Prize— Edythe Clarke, School No. 56. 
 Third Prize— Gilbert Gautzer, School No. 60. 
 
 SCHOOL LEADERS— FIFTH VICTORY LOAN 
 
 The prizes offered in the Victory Liberty Loan campaign to the schools which led the city and their respective 
 groups, were beautiful hand-made silk flags. The winners of these laurels are indicated in the special report of the 
 Victory Loan Campaign. 
 
352 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 MEDAL WINNERS 
 
 The General Schools' Committee decided that in the final Victory Drive the awards should be of lasting value 
 as artistic souvenirs of the Liberty Loans. A bronze medal was designed and struck off, which was not only artistic, 
 but emblematic of the great war and the triumph of peace. It was inscribed on the obverse: "Buffalo Public 
 Schools: School Leader: Victory Liberty Loan." 
 
 This medal was awarded to the pupil who secured the greatest number of units or counts, each $50 being regarded 
 as one count. In the event of one pupil having the largest number of units and another pupil having sold the largest 
 number of bonds; two medals were awarded. 
 
 The medal winners are entitled to a place in this history. Their names and respective schools are given below. It 
 is regretted that the 2,000 splendid class-room leaders cannot receive mention. 
 
 School 
 
 Winner 
 
 School 
 
 Winner 
 
 School 
 
 Winner 
 
 No. 
 
 1- 
 
 -John Andriecci 
 
 No. 26- 
 
 -Wilmar Kaler 
 
 No. 48- 
 
 -Fred Adams 
 
 No. 
 
 2- 
 
 -Stephen Di Pasquale 
 
 
 Helen Caspren 
 
 No. 49- 
 
 -Irving McElvin 
 
 No. 
 
 3- 
 
 —Fannie Liberta 
 
 No. 27- 
 
 -Carol Woodruff 
 
 
 Benjamin Eastman 
 
 No. 
 
 4- 
 
 -Evelyn Tonge 
 
 
 Fillmore Hall 
 
 No. 50- 
 
 -Ruth Clague 
 
 No. 
 
 5- 
 
 —Stephen Banach 
 
 No. 28- 
 
 — Alvin Biddlecome 
 
 
 Norma Sitterle 
 
 
 
 Edward Mueller 
 
 
 John Johnson 
 
 No. 51- 
 
 -Florence Cielesz 
 
 No. 
 
 6- 
 
 -Esther Kutner 
 
 No. 29 
 
 -Normah French 
 
 No. 52- 
 
 -Donald J. Ellinwood 
 
 No. 
 
 7- 
 
 -Christian Schwab 
 
 
 Clarence Lockwood 
 
 No. 53- 
 
 -Elaine Miller 
 
 No. 
 
 8- 
 
 — Orin Frieberber 
 
 No. 31- 
 
 -John Schaefer 
 
 
 Franklin Bachmann 
 
 No. 
 
 9- 
 
 -Charles Turner 
 
 No. 32- 
 
 -Samuel Yellen 
 
 No. 54- 
 
 -Eleanor Julia Smith 
 
 
 
 Harold Clark 
 
 No. 33- 
 
 -Mary Cronyn 
 
 
 Richard George Wurst 
 
 No. 
 
 10- 
 
 -Ruth Crawford 
 
 
 Lewis Bannister 
 
 No. 55- 
 
 —David Schlossman 
 
 No. 
 
 12- 
 
 -Edna Benson 
 
 No. 34- 
 
 -Marie Masterson 
 
 
 Sara Seller 
 
 
 
 Joseph Zax 
 
 No. 35- 
 
 -Harry Cohen 
 
 No. 56- 
 
 -(West Delavan Avenue) 
 
 No. 
 
 13- 
 
 -Antonio Catalano 
 
 No. 36- 
 
 -Henry Meyers 
 
 
 Maleska Jane Bradley 
 
 No. 
 
 14- 
 
 -Burton Archer 
 
 
 Charlotte Henderson 
 
 
 Clifford Marsh 
 
 
 
 Gladys Burtsell 
 
 No. 37- 
 
 -Starr Gray 
 
 
 Esther Hall 
 
 No. 
 
 15- 
 
 -Irma Gerber 
 
 No. 38- 
 
 -Howard Chappell 
 
 
 Candis Hall 
 
 
 
 Milton Lauer 
 
 No. 39- 
 
 -Arthur Fischer 
 
 
 (Elmwood Avenue Annex 
 
 No. 
 
 16-^ 
 
 -Richard Ullman 
 
 
 Marjorie Eckert 
 
 
 No. 56), Eugenia Adolff 
 
 
 
 Theodore Orr 
 
 No. 40- 
 
 -Clarence Schonne 
 
 No. 57- 
 
 -Henry Kozanowski 
 
 No. 
 
 17- 
 
 -Warren Horn 
 
 
 Edna Swain 
 
 
 Elsie Rauer 
 
 
 
 Alice Roseheart 
 
 No. 41- 
 
 -Marian Schmitt 
 
 No. 58- 
 
 -Edward Krystof 
 
 No. 
 
 18- 
 
 -James Frey 
 
 
 Robert Navel 
 
 No. 59- 
 
 -Erwin Agthe 
 
 
 
 Franklin Ulrich 
 
 No. 42- 
 
 -Howard Clothier 
 
 No. 60- 
 
 -Frederick Leighton 
 
 No. 
 
 19- 
 
 -George A. Trumfer 
 
 
 Irene Schunke 
 
 No. 61- 
 
 -Leo Buckley 
 
 
 
 Dorothy Butler 
 
 No. 43- 
 
 -Walter Baumgardner 
 
 
 Zeta Souter 
 
 No. 
 
 20- 
 
 -William Saunders 
 
 
 Verna Chapin 
 
 No. 62- 
 
 -George Connolley 
 
 No. 
 
 21- 
 
 -Miller Shaw 
 
 
 Irving Day 
 
 
 Allan Schmahl 
 
 No. 
 
 22- 
 
 -Marian Sterns 
 
 No. 44- 
 
 -Ruth Knell 
 
 No. 63- 
 
 -James Johnson 
 
 No. 
 
 23- 
 
 -Koosje Bof 
 
 
 George Richter 
 
 
 Esther Lynd 
 
 
 
 Arthur Mathey 
 
 No. 45- 
 
 -Bradley Hassard 
 
 Elm Vocational School — 
 
 No. 
 
 24- 
 
 -Peter Matlock 
 
 
 Arthur Cramer 
 
 
 Walter Lowney 
 
 
 
 Alice Reis 
 
 
 Otis Dennison 
 
 Peckham Vocational School — 
 
 No. 
 
 25- 
 
 -Ethel Kohl 
 Irving Mutton 
 
 No. 46- 
 No. 47- 
 
 -Evelyn M. Hurrell 
 Robert Risley 
 
 -Marjory Bertel 
 Milton Eberhardt 
 
 
 Anthony Stewha 
 Stephen Krysha 
 
 LIBERTY LOAN CAMPAIGN IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS 
 Outstanding Features 
 
 Mention only can be given to inspiring and spectacular features or events which appeared or occurred during the 
 war. They were not made matters of record when they occurred so even the dates are omitted. They were in part 
 the following: 
 
 1 — Parade of 5,000 Night School Students bearing Liberty Loan inscriptions. 
 
 2 — Convocation of School Children, Humboldt Park. 
 
 3 — Mass Meeting of Children, Broadway Auditorium, 10,000 Liberty Chorus. 
 
 4 — Living Red Cross in Parade. 
 
 5 — Assembly at McKinley Monument forming the word "VICTOR Y" in living letters. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 353 
 
 6 — Parade of children representing relatives in Service. 
 
 7 — Costume Parade of South Park High School celebrating the victory of that school. 
 8 — Parade feature of 637 little girls in white representing soldiers of Buffalo who died in service. 
 9 — Victory Loan Pageant, over 300 pupils of Hutchinson High School. 
 10 — Victory Liberty Loan Army composed of the children who sold bonds. Every school was represented by a 
 regiment of boys and girls. Their function was to arouse enthusiasm by spectacular parades. 
 
 11 — Liberty Loan Choruses formed in every school; 10,000 were massed in one chorus at Broadway Auditorium. 
 12 — Reception and entertainment in honor of 2,000 teachers and class-room leaders who rendered distinguished 
 service by courtesy of Hutchinson High School faculty, the School Committee and the Liberty Loan organization. 
 13 — Meetings, parades and assemblies. 
 14 — Address of Admiral Sims to High School students. 
 
 Within the Department of Education, there were hundreds who performed special service of much importance. 
 For obvious reasons, all cannot h»e mentioned; so all are omitted save two whose loyal aid made possible many suc- 
 cesses. These are: Carl H. Burkhardt, Supervisor of Physical Education, organizer of every general feature, and 
 Stewart F. Ball, Director of Manual Training, who attended to the printing and distribution of signs, indicators 
 and inscriptions. 
 
 APPRECIATION 
 
 The acknowledgments of Chairman Walter P. Cooke are given in the foreword of this chapter. 
 
 Mr. George Crofts, Vice Chairman of the Liberty Loan Organization of the city, made the following public acknowl- 
 edgment at the end of the Fourth Loan Campaign: 
 
 "In the three campaigns in which the schools have taken part, there has never been a mistake of a single dollar, 
 a record that but few other organizations have made." 
 
 At the close of the Fourth Campaign Mr. Ernest C. Hartwell, Superintendent of Schools, published the following 
 letter: 
 
 A GREAT VICTORY 
 Superintendent E. C. Hartwell 
 It is very doubtful whether any other public school system in the United States made a better showing on the Fourth Liberty Loan than the 
 teachers and pupils of the schools of Buffalo. I have endeavored to get comparative data, but up to date have found nothing which compare3 
 with the record made by our own school organization. Two and one-half millions of dollars, raised by the school organization in three weeks, is a 
 magnificent showing. It is an especially creditable showing when it is remembered that for most of the three weeks an epidemic was raging and 
 the schools were closed . 
 
 General Roop of Russian Commission to U. S. at the City Hall 
 
354 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 The two and one-half millions of dollars not only speaks for itself as to the patriotism and spirit of service of our teachers and pupils, but it 
 speaks volumes as to the efficiency of our school organization when called into action. The money raised in the Isst three weeks for the Federal 
 Government represents a sum of money more than one-fourth as large as the total public expenditure for school buildings, including sites, in the 
 city of Buffalo during the entire period since 1892 when the schools became a part of the corporate existence of the city. It is a splendid demon- 
 stration of the fact that the money expended for public education is an investment paying splendid dividends. It is another exhibit in support 
 of the contention that "Education will be the decisive factor in the winning of the war." Without the schools, the task of educating 100,000,000 
 people to food conservation and thrift would have been infinitely more difficult. Without the work of a half million teachers and 22,000,000 pupils 
 it is doubtful whether the unprecedented Liberty Loan would ever have been raised. 
 
 This is just a word of appreciation to Deputy Superintendent George E. Smith, to the committee of principals, and to the teachers, pupils and 
 janitors, for the splendid part Buffalo has played in making the last loan a success. 
 
 The city of Buffalo has a right to be proud of what its school organization accomplished. It is proud. The school histories of the future 
 will record some of the important battles of this war as having been fought in the United States, where business men, teachers, stenographers, 
 clerks, artisans, mechanics, and even children in the kindergarten, contributed of their time, energy and means to provide the sinews of war. 
 
 The Battle of Buffalo was a great victory. 
 
 In the same number of the School magazine, Chairman George E. Smith, sent the following letter to the schools: 
 
 „„..,„, J „ ., A WORD OF APPRECIATION 
 
 lo Principals, Teachers and Pupils: 
 
 It will not make you vain to tell you that Buffalo is proud of you. It will warm your hearts to know that your example of unselfish devotion 
 to your country has made the schools of other cities eager to do as much and more. 
 
 You have raised more than two and one-half millions of dollars for the boys over there. You may be sure that many of our brave lads will 
 come home safe and well because of the money you have secured. 
 
 You sold 29,410 separate bonds, which means that nearly that number of people were stirred to greater service, more patriotic service, through 
 you. But after all, perhaps the greatest service that you did was for yourselves. You could not have done what you did without making better 
 Americans of yourselves. You will always stand straighter and think straighter because you did a good job well. 
 
 Your conscience will never prick you as a slacker. When the boys come back you can take their hands and look them in the eye and say in 
 your hearts, "I did my part too." In fact, you have your self-respect, without which nothing is worth while. So I say again that you have and 
 shall keep the richest rewards of your service. 
 
 Your principal has received a full report of what each and every school did. This report is meant to help you. Whether or not it will do so, 
 depends upon yourselves. If it encourages you to even better work next time — if it convinces you that you could have done better, it will then have 
 done all that it was intended to do; if on the other hand, it makes you vain or discouraged or envious or bitter, it will have done harm instead 
 of good. 
 
 Our latest battle in our country's service, was a hard one made in the face of great difficulties, and just because it was a hard fight, we are 
 the prouder of our victory. Thus far, the path of service has led us ever onward, ever upward. The top is not yet reached. The call will come 
 again and we shall be glad to hear it. When it comes we shall go again into action firm in the belief that Buffalo Schools Never Fail. — Friends, 
 you are on furlough for a time but be ready for the call "to arms." George E. Smith. 
 
 The winner of the Grammar School verse-writing contest in the Third Liberty Loan was Anna Leichnitz, No. 28 School. 
 
 MY CHANCE 
 
 (Prize Winning Verse) 
 How glad I am that Uncle Sam Oh! what is gold that we should hold 
 
 Has called on me at last! Our little purse strings now? 
 
 To think that he has come to me Oh' what is gained, if all in vain 
 
 When skies are overcast' We learned each Yankee vow? 
 
 How often have I longed to aid All that I have, All that I am 
 
 The boys who marched away — Is yours in part or whole. 
 
 To fight for me across the sea And you may take it Uncle Sam 
 
 And break the tyrant's sway. With all my heart and soul. 
 
 The winner of the prose-writing contest was Dorothea De Long, No. 22 School. 
 
 (Her Contribution) 
 
 I, a citizen of the United States of America, partici- 
 pating in the blessings of a just government, do sol- 
 emnly pledge to do all in my power to promote the sale 
 of Liberty Bonds, and, if possible to purchase them 
 myself, so that autocracy, and militarism may be abol- 
 ished from the earth and the great principles of demo- 
 cracy and humanity may reign supreme in all lands, 
 as they do in ours. 
 
 WAR SAVINGS AND THRIFT STAMPS 
 This branch of school service was in the hands of Mr. Elmer J. Cobb, Principal of Grammar School No. 60, a master 
 of detail, whose work is entitled to unstinted praise. The work of the schools in the War Savings Campaign is reviewed 
 in a preceding Chapter, covering the activities of the War Saving Stamp Committee. 
 
 THE SMILEAGE CAMPAIGN 
 General Committee — E. B. Holmes, Chairman, appointed Dr. George E. Smith, Chairman of a Schools Committee. 
 Associated with Dr. Smith were Benjamin L. Abel, Principal of Grammar School No. 45; M. Smith Thomas, Hutchin- 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 355 
 
 son High School; Charles J. Costello, Technical High School; Harry Smallenburg, Principal of Grammar School 
 No. 29, William B. Kamprath, Principal, Elm Vocational School, Charles Kennedy, Principal, Grammar School 
 No. 63 and Arthur Penfold, Principal, Grammar School No. 62. 
 
 As in the Red Cross, the Smileage Book Campaign was a "labor of love" and like the Red Cross it appealed to 
 the hearts of the children. The Italian children particularly made a fine showing; Schools Nos. 1 and 2 excelling all 
 other Grammar Schools, save School No. 56. Hutchinson led the High Schools, with Technical second. How high 
 the enthusiasm ran is evident from the fact that the Schools Committee stood first in the city and raised more than 
 one-tenth of the total amount obtained. 
 
 During the months of July and August, 1918, Technical High School, Elm, Peckham and Seneca Vocational schools 
 were utilized by the War Department for the instruction of the members of the National Army Training Detachment 
 in the mechanical occupations of the army. The educational administration under the Board of Education included 
 the following staff: 
 
 Francis H. Wing, Director General; Charles F. Reif, director of food supplies; Ethel M. Newlands, director of feed- 
 ing; Carl H. Burkhardt, director of housing; Stewart F. Ball, director of finance; Charles P. Alvord, Eugene G. Hughey, 
 Charles J. Costello, William B. Kamprath, William W. Miller and Elmer S. Pierce, instructors in Army Morale. 
 
 RED CROSS ACTIVITIES— JUNIOR DEPARTMENT 
 How the school children functioned in the Red Cross is intimated in the introduction to this chapter. 
 Some of the material results are tabulated here. 
 
 MANUAL AND VOCATIONAL DIVISION 
 Stewart F. Ball, Director 
 1 — Five hundred puzzles, games, etc., made by boys in shop classes for the entertainment of wounded soldiers. 
 2 — Red Cross packing cases (number not recorded). 
 3 — Craftsmen's Tables (number not recorded) for Y. M. C. A. Huts. 
 4 — Ten thousand pair of knitting needles, boys of every school in the city participating. 
 5 — Base Hospital supplies: 
 
 (a) — One hundred bedside tables — made at Vocational Schools. 
 
 (6) — Twenty-eight thousand eight hundred veneer and coaptation splints. 
 
 DOMESTIC SCIENCE DIVISION 
 
 Ethel M. Coan, Director 
 Miss Coan made the following report: 
 
 Activities op Junior Red Cross Domestic Science Department 
 Vacation Schools — 1917: 
 
 Classes at Schools Nos. 18, 52 and 58. (Financed by City Federation of Women's Clubs and sent by them to 
 one of the U. S. Battleships). Made 118 quarts of fruits and vegetables, 219 glasses of jam and jellies, 17 bottles 
 fruit juices for beverages. 
 Domestic Science Classes — 1917-1918. 
 
 Classes at Schools Nos. 2, 17, 31, 32, 41, 44, 46, 52, 53, 58 and 59. (Financed by the City Federation of Women's 
 
 Clubs and used for Civilian Relief Work.) Made 144 quarts of jelly and jams. Classes at Schools Nos. 1, 2, 8, 
 
 9, 13, 17, 18, 22, 29, 31, 32, 37, 40, 41, 44, 45, 46, 52, 53, 58, 59 and 62. (Financed by the Red Cross and used in 
 
 Christmas packets for men in the service). Made 1,570 pounds of sugarless candy. 
 
 During the year 1917-1918, the Domestic Science Classes took a vigorous and active part in the United States 
 
 Food Conservation program, co-operating directly with the Buffalo Thrift Kitchen. The regular course of study 
 
 was set aside that greater emphasis might be given to the various drives for food conservation. 
 
 Posters were made by the pupils for the various drives, pointed bulletins furnished by the U. S. Food Administra- 
 tion were distributed for home use, and the practical work in these lessons completed the purpose of this campaign. 
 In many of the Domestic Science Centers exhibits of the pupils' home work were held, and served to establish a 
 closer relation between the school and community. At some of these exhibits, the products were sold, one class voting 
 to give the proceeds to the Red Cross; another contributing the funds collected as their share for a Liberty Bond. 
 
 DOMESTIC ART DIVISION 
 
 Miss Laura M. Weisner, Director 
 Junior activities in the Sewing Department of the Buffalo Public Schools, February, 1917 to December, 1918: 
 One thousand bottle covers, 1,500 children's dresses, 100 pair hospital socks, 2,000 bedside bags, 3,000 pajamas, 
 2,500 surgeon's coats, 1,000 children's night dresses, baby jackets, dresses, 1,413 night dresses, 2,663 children's gar- 
 ments, old and new, first refugee shipment, 2,001 children's garments, old and new, second refugee shipment, 243 
 garments for home service division Red Cross, 1,300 refugee garments, vacation schools — 1917; 1,102 refugee gar- 
 ments, vacation schools — 1918 and 4,606 garments distributed for local relief. These last mentioned garments were 
 collected for Belgian Relief work but were not suitable for shipment. 
 
356 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 This report does not cover the activities of the High SchooWJ^ooking, manual training and Grammar grade pupils. 
 
 [This report, summarized in a few lines the results of a splendid corps of workers, teachers and their girls, wonder- 
 fully organized by Miss Weisner — Editor.] 
 
 CONCLUSION 
 REFLEX RESULTS— BY-PRODUCTS 
 
 In this war, the children, the teachers, the schools, gave much but they received more. 
 
 The spirit of giving, of saving, of service, will not die; in this generation at least. The child 
 that gave and served in this war will never be a Bolshevik — Democracy is safer, not so much 
 because of what the children did as of what they became by the doing of it. Selfishness in all its 
 forms will be less manifest when these boys and girls become men and women. There is rising a 
 new generation less wasteful, more efficient — a generation imbued with higher ideals of Democracy 
 — a generation which shall fuse all our racial and caste groups into one. 
 
 Participation in this war has given us another and better type of school. The humdrum routine 
 has gone and it will not return. The impractical has given way to the practical. Education and 
 training for service will be as real as education and training for culture, and this will mean being 
 fit physically, mentally and morally. Real citizenship will take the place of civics. The laboratory 
 will take the place of the lecture room for we have become a generation of doers not talkers. 
 The antiquated text book dealing with trivialities will have to go, for a new world will be born 
 with the signing of the Peace Treaty — and finally, the schools from now on will be recognized as 
 a part of our social, commercial and industrial life and not an institution apart run by men and 
 women who are in it but not of it. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 357 
 
 CHAPTER XCVII 
 PASTING THE CITY WITH WAR STAMPS 
 
 IN November, 1917, Hon. William J. Tully, who had been appointed Director of the National 
 War Savings Committee for New York State outside of New York City, by the Secretary of 
 the Treasury, Hon. William G. McAdoo, visited Buffalo and appointed E. ^M. Husted as 
 Director for Erie County. Mr. Husted opened headquarters at 910 Chamber of Commerce 
 Building, Buffalo, N. Y., and formed the following committee: Ralph S. Kent, Assistant Director; 
 Paul H. Husted, Assistant Director; Robert W. Elmes, Executive Secretary. Mrs. Howard A. 
 Forman was appointed Chairman of the Women's Committee and Mrs. John M. Satterfield, 
 Vice Chairman. 
 
 The campaign extended from January 1st to December 31st, 1918. The quota for New York 
 State outside of New York City was placed at $97,796,200.00 and for Erie County $11,437,940.00. 
 The Erie County quota was arrived at on the basis of $20.00 for each of the 571,897 inhabitants 
 according to the census of 1915. 
 
 Early in January an office organization was perfected, composed of Miss Florence Fitts, H. E. 
 Haefner, Miss Dorothy McNulty, Miss May Conklin, Miss Mary Schultz, Miss Mary Brown, 
 Miss Eleanor DeToy and Miss Katherine Ottman. Headquarters was moved to the fourth floor 
 Dun Building. 
 
 Plans for carrying on the work were started and an Executive and Advisory Committee were 
 named as follows: 
 
 Executive Committee—M. S. Tremaine, Myron S. Hall, S. A. Hayward, R. C. Hudson, William H. Joyce, Philip 
 Catalano, Frank A. Olszanowski, Rev. T. J. Walsh, 0. E. Foster. 
 
 Advisory Committee— Mayor George S. Buck, William A. Rogers, John G. Wickser, George J. Meyer, Dr. A. V. V. 
 Raymond, Captain C. S. Mellen, W. H. Hill, J. W. Cowper, D. W. Dinan, E. J. Barcalo, J. C. Bradley, Walter P. 
 Cooke, Eustace Reynolds, F. E. Bard, E. J. Cobb. 
 
 Prince Axel and Party of Belgians Photographed on City Hall Steps 
 While the Guests of Mayor George S. Buck 
 
358 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 The work in the county outside of Buffalo was given to Assistant Director, Ralph S. Kent. 
 Philip J. Kuhn was appointed chairman of the committee on agencies, and had charge of the 
 work among fraternal societies. The "Thousand Dollar Limit Club" was formed with W. H. 
 Andrews, President; E. M. Husted, Vice-President; Mrs. Howard A. Forman, Vice-President, 
 and Thomas B. Lockwood, Treasurer. 
 
 The question of the work in the Schools was taken up with the Board of Education and the 
 following were named to carry it on: Mrs. John G. Wickser representing the Board of Education; 
 Henry P. Emerson, Superintendent of Education; Captain Calvert K. Mellen, Chairman of the 
 high school committee, and Elmer J. Cobb, Chairman of the grammar school committee. Bishop 
 Dougherty, at the request of the War Savings Committee appointed Father F. T. Kanaley, 
 Superintendent of Parochial Schools, in charge of the campaign in the parochial schools of Buffalo 
 and Erie County. 
 
 Myron T. Hall was made Chairman of the committee on banks, Karl McCormick, Chairman 
 of men speakers' committee, and Miss Laura Dunbar Hagarty , Chairman of the women speakers ' 
 committee. Early in the campaign, the Greater Buffalo Advertising Club assumed responsibility 
 for the publicity of the W. S. S. campaign in Buffalo and Erie County with J. H. Bradley, Chair- 
 man, and Finley H. Greene, Vice-Chairman. Willis C. Wilber was appointed to take charge of 
 the newspaper publicity. Eustace Reynolds was given charge of the formation of war savings 
 societies in Buffalo. 
 
 In the later part of February, E. M. Husted resigned as Director, and Hon. William J. Tully 
 appointed Edward H. Butler in his place. Mr. Butler upon assuming the task formed the follow- 
 ing organization : 
 
 Ralph S. Kent, Philip J. Kuhn and Robert W. Elmes, Assistant Directors; George J. Eckhardt, 
 Executive Secretary. 
 
 Women's Committee — Mrs. Howard A. Forman, Chairman; Mrs. John M. Satterfield, Vice-Chairman; Mrs. 
 Harry Thorp Vars, Vice-Chairman; Florence Fitts, Executive Secretary. 
 
 Advisory Committee — Mayor George S. Buck, William A. Rogers, John G. Wickser, George J. Meyer, Dr. S. V. V- 
 Holmes, Captain C. K. Mellen, W. H. Hill, J. W. Cowper, D. W. Dinan, E. J. Barcalo, J. C. Bradley, Walter P. 
 Cooke, F. E. Bard, E. J. Cobb, H. P. Parrock, Robert Lacey, John J. Doyle. 
 
 Executive Committee — M. S. Tremaine, Roy H. Griffin, R. C. Hudson, William H. Joyce, J. G. Fieri, Frank A. 
 Olszanowski, Rev. T. J. Walsh, 0. E. Foster, Rabbi Louis J. Kopald, G. Barrett Rich, Jr., William H. Walker, Jr., 
 John H. Bradley, Finley H. Greene, A. J. Abels, Charles R. Robinson, W. H. Andrews, C. E. Baxter. 
 
 In Buffalo the matter of establishing agencies was taken up very early in the campaign under 
 the direction of P. J. Kuhn, who did very effective work. He established 2,200 agencies, exclu- 
 sive of the schools, in the city and county. As many more agencies were established without 
 the formality of agency blanks. The agencies included manufacturing industries, wholesale and 
 retail houses, fraternal societies and individuals. 
 
 The agencies that were established, in the great majority of cases, maintained and kept alive 
 the work throughout the entire year. One of the great difficulties in the War Stamp work lay in 
 financing the stamps. Probably more difficulties were met with on this feature than in any other 
 way. No agency could secure stamps until it had paid for them at the post-offices. There was 
 no such thing as credit except as individual persons might establish credit. Mr. Kuhn and his 
 committee together with the agencies that maintained an active existence throughout the year 
 deserved a great deail of credt and aided greatly in the success of the work of the organ- 
 ization. 
 
 At the beginning of the campaign a "Thousand Dollar Limit Club" was formed with W. H. 
 Andrews, President; E. M. Husted, Vice-President; Mrs. Howard A. Forman, Vice-President and 
 Thomas B. Lockwood, Treasurer. During the first two months 100 members were secured. Early 
 in March, in order to stimulate activity, the solicitation of members was placed in the hands of 
 the Life Underwriters' Association of Buffalo, N. Y., and Charles E. Baxter, one of the members 
 of the Association, was appointed General Chairman in charge of the canvassing. An intensive 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 359 
 
 drive was made two weeks prior to the Liberty Loan campaign, whicii started on April 6, 1918, 
 and 200 members were secured. Ten teams of eight men each were organized among the members 
 of the Life Underwriters' Association, each team having its own captain. In addition to this, a 
 committee of women was appointed by Mrs. Howard A. Forman to carry on the work among 
 the women. 
 
 Up to the commencement of the pledge week drive, which began June 22, 1918, a total of 319 
 members had been secured for this club. During drive week, special stress was laid on the "Thou- 
 sand Dollar Limit Club," and through the activities of committees under the leadership of Mr. 
 Andrews, Mr. Baxter, Mrs. Forman and Mrs. Edward H. Butler, a total of 848 subscriptions 
 were secured. Through a noonday address to the produce commission merchants, Ralph S. Kent 
 secured 57 applications for membership, and on the same evening, secured eight more after a 
 talk at the Hippodrome Theatre. The leader on the Women's Committee was Mrs. James N. 
 Byers, who secured 22 appHcations through personal solicitation. 
 
 While no intensive campaign was carried on after that time, a special subscription committee 
 with R. J. Seidenberg, Chairman and Joseph T. Snyder, Vice-Chairman, had secured 116 members, 
 making a grand total of 1283 members. 
 
 Two Committees of Speakers were formed early at the inception of the campaign. Up to 
 June, more than 225 meetings were addressed by members of these Committees and the 
 educational work resulted in greatly stimulating the sale of stamps among employees in the 
 manufacturing industries, wholesale and retail stores as well as clubs, organizations, and societies. 
 Just preceding and during "Pledge Week," 211 meetings were held both in the city and county 
 which were addressed by these speakers. The personnel of the men's committee of speakers was 
 as follows: 
 
 Karl McCormick, Chairman; Rev. John W. Ross, H. H. Bacon, James 0. Moore. Charles F. Blair, Sundel J. 
 Holender, Frank Gibbons, Layton H. Vogel, Wortley B. Paul, Harold V. Cook, Emil Rubenstein, W. B. Summer, 
 E. Lyman Tilden, Thomas B. Wheeler, Foster B. Turnbull, George A. Irvin, Richard H. Templeton, George H. 
 Kennedy, Richard Werner, Robert W. Farrington, Richard Roce, Rev. Harry H. Hubbell, Harry M. Rott, Edward 
 L Brown, James E. Shaw, John S. Tyler, George C. Diehl, Frank H. Callan, Morey C. Bartholmew, George W. 
 Woltz, Phillip A. Sullivan, Joseph F. Drummond, Charles C. Page, A. J. Abels, C. L. Mache, D. H. Childs, George 
 H. Smith, Roderick H. MacGregor. 
 
 The labor organizations in Buffalo and vicinity were placed in charge of Assistant Director 
 Robert W. Elmes with the official co-operation of the Central Labor Council. Mr. Robert Lacey, 
 vice-president and acting head of the Council was made chairman of a War Work Committee. 
 Those prominently associated in the War Savings work with Mr. Lacey were John J. Doyle, 
 James P. Doyle, Charles H. Stevenson and George W. Bork and Mrs. August W. Molter. 
 
 The Polish residents of Buffalo were canvassed by a committee under the leadership of Frank 
 Olszanowski, in addition to the women's organization, formed at the beginning of the 
 campaign. The Italians were organized under the leadership of Joseph G. Pieri, and the 
 Jewish people were marshaled under the leadership of Rabbi Max Drob and Nathan Eban. 
 All splendidly supported the campaign and absorbed many thousands of dollars' worth of stamps. 
 
 The Women's Committee of the National War Savings Committee of Erie County was organ- 
 ized January 15, 1918, with Mrs. Howard A. Forman, Chairman; Mrs. John M. Satterfield and 
 Mrs. Harry Thorp Vars, Vice-Chairmen. The poUcy of the women's committee from the begin- 
 ning was to work in close co-operation with the men's committee, but it was aimed particularly 
 to reach every existing organization of women in Buffalo, and the industries wherein women 
 were largely employed. 
 
 In the beginning an advisory committee of eleven women was formed to meet each week for 
 the purpose of exchanging ideas, to discuss plans for the work and to get new plans which had 
 proved valuable in other cities. A general committee of 115 members, comprising heads of women's 
 societies throughout Buffalo, was formed to interest each organization in the W. S. S. work. 
 Then a speakers' committee of 41 members was created with Miss Laura Dunbar Hagarty, Chair- 
 man. These speakers addressed 145 public meetings. A sub-committee of speakers, the 
 
360 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 1 — French "Blue Devils" on Parade in Main Street 
 
 2 — Royal Italian Grenadiers 
 
 3 — Belgian Soldiers on a Visit to Buffalo 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 361 
 
 industrial committee, Mrs. Eli T. Hosmer, Chairman, sent speakers and organized War Savings 
 Stamps societies in 28 stores and industrial plants. Another sub-committee to work throughout 
 the county was formed and many speakers were sent to county towns. 
 
 The Women's Sales Committee, Mrs. Albert F. Laub, Chairman; Mrs. Charles H. Lamy and 
 Mrs. Albert Herskowitz, Vice-Chairman, comprised 175 members. This committee took charge 
 of all booths for selling Thrift Stamps at all times, including the noon-day meetings at Lafayette 
 Square which proved an immense success. The Women's Thousand Dollar Club Committee with 
 Mrs. Howard A. Forman, Chairman, consisted of 10 members who worked energetically for mem- 
 berships in this club. 
 
 War Savings Stamps Societies were formed by the women as follows: In thirteen schools 
 and academies; in sixty-five Catholic Churches, Mrs. John H. Lascelles, Chairman. A Catholic 
 Speakers' Committee was also formed with Miss Julia Dillon, Chairman. All Jewish Temples, 
 Mrs. Julius Hofeller, Chairman; in thirty Protestant Churches. Italian women were organized 
 by Miss Bessie Bellanca, Polish women by Mrs. Maxwell M. Nowak, and Miss Martha 
 Mazurowska. Negro women were organized by Mrs. John Morse. Buffalo Federation of 
 Women's Clubs, Mrs. John W. Cameron, chairman. Societies were formed, also, in six Women's 
 Clubs, ten Hospitals, seven Settlement Houses, twelve Private Schools and in forty-five miscel- 
 laneous organizations, such as Suffrage, Home Defense, Motor Corps, G. A. R., Women's 
 Committee of the G. A. R., District Nurses' Association, Girl Scouts, Housewives' League, 
 Parent-Teachers' Association, comprising twenty separate societies, patriotic leagues including 
 twenty separate societies; the Salvation Army. Under the Fraternal organizations, the follow- 
 ing organized W. S. S. societies: Amaranth, Dames of Malta, Daughters of St. George, Eastern 
 Star, comprising fifteen Chapters; Maccabees, Rebeccas, Pocahontas, Pythian Sisters and Robert 
 Burns Auxiliary. 
 
 The Motor Corps of the National League for Women's Service, Mrs. Harry Spaulding, Captain, 
 co-operated throughout the Campaign by selling stamps every Wednesday at Lafayette Square 
 and other open air meetings, by serving as ushers at W. S. S. meetings, and by delivering litera- 
 ture and posters throughout the city. 
 
 The organization of Erie County was completed with Women Chairmen in each of the twenty- 
 seven townships, who took charge of forty villages throughout the county. These county Chair- 
 men reached the Churches, Societies, Clubs, and Granges all over the county. 
 
 The Women's Committee of Speakers had the following members: 
 
 Miss Laura Hagarty, Chairman; Mrs. Henry Altman, Mrs. Charles H. Bailey, Miss Bessie Bellanca, Mrs. Myron P. 
 Bush, Mrs. Arthur Briggs, Mme. Felix Casassa, Dr. Carro C. Croff, Miss Elizabeth D. Dold, Mrs. Alfred G. Hauenstein, 
 Miss M. Venus Hicks, Mrs. Henry Osgood Holland, Mrs. Howard W. Kurtz, Mrs. Eli T. Hosmer, Mrs. Frank Messenger, 
 Mrs.JacquesdeMorini, Mrs. Nelson Russell, Mrs. George H. Camehl, Mrs. Henry Kahler, Mrs. Karl McCormick, Mrs. 
 Lewis G. Rogers, Mrs. Edwin C. Sornborger, Mrs. .James Wolf, Mrs. John W. Cameron, Mrs. Albert F. Laub, Mrs. Edgar 
 C. Neal, Mrs. D. Frederick Potter, Mrs. Louis Wright Simpson, Miss Marjorie Taber, Miss M. Elsie Davis, Mrs. George 
 S. Hulen, Mrs. E. J. Kiepe, Mrs. Anna S. Schaal, Miss Gladys Carberry, Mrs. F. S. Parkhurst, Mrs. Edgar Winters. 
 
 Chairmen of the Women's Committees for Erie County outside of Buffalo, were as follows: 
 
 Mrs. Frank J. Young, Alden; Mrs. B. E. Smith, Angola; Mrs. W. H. Abbot, Armor; Mrs. G. K. Lester, Blasdell; 
 Miss Carrie Flickinger, Boston; Mrs. A. B. Haskell, Bowmansville, Mrs. J. A. Williams, Brant; Mrs. R. R. Allen, 
 Chaffee; Mrs. M. E. Parker, Clarence; Miss Sarah A. Woodruff, Colden; Mrs. Clarence A. Potter, Collins; Mrs. 
 A. N. Conger, Collins Center; Mrs. George Hammond, Depew; Mrs. Robert G. Leetch, Derby; Mrs. Myron M. Ludlow, 
 East Aurora; Mrs. Nelson Cheney, Eden; Mrs, Burton H. Hurd, Elma; Mrs. Mert Dibble, Evans Center; Mrs. 
 Cleveland Swertz, Farnham; Miss Lottie Tucker, Grand Island; Miss Jessie Camp, Hamburg; Mrs. D. F. Tanner, 
 Holland; Mrs. Walter Gibbins, Kenmore; Mrs. Ralph Robinson, Lackawanna; Mrs. B. D. Jackson, Lancaster; 
 Mrs. L. A. Wightman, Lawton Station; Miss Myrtle B. Simonton, Marilla; Mrs. Edna Franklin, North Collins; 
 Mrs. Robert Briggs, Orchard Park; Mrs. T. Ray Benton, Sardinia; Mrs. Clara Heisenbuttle, Sloan; Mrs. R. M. 
 Tilon, Springbrook; Mrs. F. O. Smith, Springville; Mrs. Herbert Kendall, Tonawanda; Mrs. J. L. Webster, Town 
 Line; Mrs. Geo. Walters, Williamsville; Mrs. F. L. Rushman, Hamburg (Township). 
 
 Lafayette Square at that period in our municipal progress was the "public square of Buffalo," 
 centrally located. Noon day meetings were instituted here beginning March 6. The Women's 
 
362 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Committee provided the saleswomen and during the first month (March) the sales aver- 
 aged $275.00 daily. During April, because of the Third Liberty Loan, this outdoor work was 
 discontinued. Following the close of the loan, the noonday meetings were resumed on a bigger 
 scale. 
 
 A large platform was erected by the city, and still larger "shows" were staged there daily, 
 with the paramount thought of making the people talk. For instance, trick elephants performed. 
 Standing inside a thirty foot steel cage, erected on the platform, with circus lions grouped around 
 him, a prominent speaker gave his daily thrift talk, while motion pictures were taken. Minister, 
 priest and rabbi spoke from the same platform during one of these meetings. School boy orators 
 distinguished themselves and surprised their auditors with their splendid abilities. Actors and 
 theatrical features were introduced, Lillian Russell and other noted stage celebrities appearing. 
 Buffalo's boxing club, the Queensbury Athletic Club provided the biggest day. Eight $1,000 
 subscriptions were sold off the platform on that day in less than one hour. The Fire Department 
 placed its largest extension ladder on the Square, and at a five dollar stamp per round sent fire- 
 men over the top. Returned soldiers, at first Canadian, and later our own wounded, spoke almost 
 daily. Music was provided, sometimes an orchestra or a band, but always a piano and singing. 
 The "American Creed" was recited by the crowd in unison, with bared heads, and the salute 
 to the flag was given. 
 
 THE AMERICAN CREED 
 
 "/ believe in the United States of America, as a Government of the people, by the people and for the people; 
 
 Whose just powers are derived from the consent of the governed; 
 
 A Democracy in a Republic; 
 
 A sovereign nation of many sovereign states; 
 
 A perfect union, one and inseparable; 
 
 Established upon those principles of freedom, equality, justice and humanity, for which American patriots 
 sacrifice their lives and fortunes. 
 
 I, therefore, believe it is my duty to my country to love it, 
 
 To support its constitution, to obey its laws, to respect its flag and to defend it against all enemies." 
 
 — William Tyler Page. 
 
 Organized labor, the largest department stores, fraternal societies and like organizations staged 
 certain days providing their own speakers. The big plants doing war work, either during the day 
 or in the evening, staged open air performances. The Police Department staged one day's affair 
 at the Square from noon until midnight. Italians of the city staged the opening day of the drive 
 and sold $13,000.00 in stamps. In spite of the heat of the summer, the people still congregated 
 for these meetings, and the sales ran five and six hundred dollars a day. 
 
 During September, almost up to the time of the Fourth Liberty Loan, the meetings were held 
 daily, and the sales ran between $800.00 and $1,000.00. The Lafayette Square idea was carried 
 out under the personal supervision of Assistant Directors, Robert W. Elmes, Glenn F. Gaskill, 
 Joseph F. Drummond, Charles L. Mache, and John A. Watchorn supervised the financing of the 
 Stamp sales. 
 
 Much friendly rivalry was engendered between the members of the various police stations and 
 fire houses by Mrs. Howard A. Forman donating honor banners, which were awarded each week 
 to the police station and the fire house making the largest sales. Through the earnest stimula- 
 tion of Fire Chief Edward P. Murphy and Chief of Police Henry J. Girvin, the members of 
 these departments sold $1,475,077.77 in stamps during the year; the Fire Department selling 
 $750,261.02, and the Police Department, $724,816.75. Too much cannot be said of the good work 
 performed by those patriotic men, who were tireless in their efforts to promote and extend the 
 idea of thrift and war savings all over the city. 
 
 The work of the Fire and Police departments, and the pubhc schools of the city was financed 
 very largely through the kindness of some of the banks who extended credit to the heads of those 
 departments. No special record was kept of any direct sales made by the banks outside of the 
 sales made to these various departments, so that the million and some odd dollars reported through 
 the Buffalo Clearing House would be a duplication of the sales of the Fire and Police departments 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 363 
 
 and public schools. The Fidelity Trust Company was made the agency for handling the "Thou- 
 sand Dollar Limit Club" memberships. The banks with their co-operation rendered very valu- 
 able assistance to the campaign. Co-operation was also received from twenty-six loan associa- 
 tions, and the sales through the Erie Savings & Loan Association, which devoted considerable 
 activity to the enterprise, amounted to over $100,000.00. 
 
 The "My Soldier" and the "Rainbow" posters were Buffalo productions, and were official 
 State posters. The "My Soldier" poster was one picturing a child kneeling at the mother's knee 
 making a prayer, which was printed on the poster, for the return of her soldier brother. It was 
 conceived by Finley H. Greene, and Fay L. Faurote, and financed by the Curtiss Aeroplane Com- 
 pany, of which Mr. Faurote was advertising manager. 
 
 The "Rainbow" poster was a very elaborate artistic design originated by the artist, Urquhart 
 Wilcox, and told in allegory the promise which the War Savings through Thrift gave to the soldiers 
 "Over There" and the down-trodden people of Europe, and such pledge was carried across the 
 waters by the rainbow of America's entry into the war after the storm had burst in its gi-eat- 
 est violence in Europe. 
 
 The Industrial Committee, with Charles R. Robinson as chairman, organized 36 teams with 
 Captains as follows: 
 
 Thomas Jeacock, A. W. Kirton, James H. Foster, Fred C. Deming, F. D. Rideout, A.D. Sikes, W. M. Armstrong, 
 W. H. Kennedy, H. J. Turner, Edw. Klinck, J. W. Rose, W. J. Golden, A. L. Jones, M. Tremaine, C. L. Sager, G. C. 
 Finley, F. W. Robinson, J. H. Bradley, D. J. Carson, F. M. Wills, J. W. Force, C. D. Cowles, Clifford Marsh, R. S. 
 Baldwin, G. H. Calkins, F. G. Lane, M. E. Gregg, Mary Cass, C. H. Cochrane, H. D. Edson, T. B. Mathias, F. G. 
 Slagle, Adam Cornelius, Devoe P. Hodson, C. C. Curry, E. C. Grassell. 
 
 The campaign was conducted in the 332 industrial plants in the city and seven in the county. 
 The number of employees covered in the city was 95,449 and outside the city 5,404, making a 
 total of 100,853. Pledges were obtained from the industrial plants in the city amounting to 
 64,993 and in the county 1,131 making a total of 66,124. The amount pledged in the city was 
 $2,116,993.00 and in the county $40,620.00 making a total of $2,257,613.00. In addition to the 
 figures shown above, the industrial committee obtained pledges for the maximum amount of 
 $1,000 from 251 individuals. This represents an additional sum of $251,000, making a grand 
 total of $2,408,613.00. 
 
 Special stress was laid on the "Thousand Dollar Limit Club" during the pledge week drive 
 and through the activities of a committee headed by W. H. Andrews, applications were first 
 secured from all of the banks who had not already subscribed and the total number of members 
 was increased from 419 to 1263. The Women's Committee contributed in no small degree to the 
 number of appKcations received. 
 
 During Drive Week, the speakers' bureau was in charge of James H. Persons, who supplied 
 speakers for 161 meetings in the city and 50 in the county, a total of 211 meetings. Mrs. Harry 
 B. Spaulding, captain of the Motor Service Corps, established headquarters at War Savings 
 Stamps Offices during Pledge Week furnishing automobile service for all speakers as well as tak- 
 ing care of the delivery of all supplies and advertising matter, requiring services of as many as 
 35 automobiles at one time. 
 
 During the two weeks preceding the June drive, a complete organization was perfected through- 
 out the towns in Erie County. Ralph S. Kent, assistant director for Erie County, appointed a 
 headquarters director and major for each township. In all cases, the headquarters director was a 
 man having his business in Buffalo, but whose residence was in the township for which he was 
 appointed. He, therefore was able to take supplies out to the majors, and also to make a daily 
 report at headquarters, and through him, the local oflflcers were able to keep in close touch 
 with what was going on in the county. The majors appointed sergeant majors to work under their 
 supervision, and also a captain for each school district. The captains in turn appointed their 
 assistants. After the organization was completed, the major held a meeting of his co-workers 
 for the purpose of giving full instructions, and making detailed plans for the work. In this 
 
364 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 manner, every township was ready for strenuous work as soon as the drive began, and the 
 organization was so thorough that a canvass was made of every house throughout the county. 
 
 Patriotic ralHes were held in every town, big parades, etc. On June twenty-second occurred 
 the Automobile War Stamp Drive. Each prominent village was visited and patriotic addresses 
 were given by well-known men from Buffalo. 
 
 The organization for Erie County was as follows: 
 
 Alden — Director, F. L. Barnet, Major, E. F. Cooke; Amherst — Director, L. P. Snyder, Major, L. P. Snyder; 
 Aurora — Director, James W. Persons, Major, Wells Parker; Boston — Director, Charles A. Endres, Major, Fred 
 Frank; Cheektowaga — Director, John H. Meahl, Major, Wm. Brennan Jr.; Clarence — Director, C. L. Mache, 
 Major, Charles Heist; Colden — Major, Sarah Woodruff; Collins — Director, Ward J. Wilbur, Major, L. W. Law; 
 Concord — Director, Robert C. Gaupp, Major, Andrew J. Fitzpatrick; East Hamburg — Director, Nelson C. Spencer, 
 Major, Nelson C. Spencer; Eden — Director, James C. Lees, Major, H. A. Caskey; Elma — Director Walter Misner, 
 Major, Mrs. B. H. Hurd; Evans — Director, R. W. Werner, Major W. S. Harrison; Grand Island — Director, Sherrill 
 N. McWilliams, Major, George H. Alt Jr.; Hamburg — Director, Ralph McCarthy, Major, Mrs. Frederick L. Rush- 
 man; Holland — Director, Myron Ludlow, Major, Mrs. D. F. Tanner; Lackawanna — Director, F. G. Slagel, Major, 
 Judge Monaghan; Lancaster — Director, Clarence A. Porter, Major, Edward C. Grassell; Marilla — Director, L. H. 
 Monchow, Major, C. F. Brown; Newstead — Director, Edward J. Clark, Major, H. P. Rahn; North Collins — ■ 
 Director, Howard Butler, Major, Rev. J. Chester Molyneux; Tonawanda — Director, M. D. Young, Major, Frank 
 C. Densberger; Sardinia — Director, Asa Ruppert, Major, Roy B. Charles; Wales — Director, William J. Palmer, 
 Major, Dr. J. D. Wooster; West Seneca, Director, Phillip J. Kuhn, Major, Christian Schudt. 
 
 A feature of the Pledge Week drive was the factory parades carried out under the direction of 
 Francis J. Rohr and Joseph F. Melia. All of the principal industrial plants were visited by a 
 crew of soldiers and sailors with appropriate banners, who were allowed to march through the 
 plants, awakening the patriotic spirit of the employees and making much easier the work of the 
 solicitors in obtaining pledges. 
 
 Throughout Pledge week, daily drives were held in the various theatres and motion picture 
 houses. The chairman of the committee on theatres and booths, A. F. Osborne was ably assisted 
 by I. M. Mosier, Harold B. Franklin, Merritt N. Baker, Mrs. Edward H. Butler and Mrs. Charles 
 P. Chapin. The financing was taken care of by the Citizens Commercial Trust Company. 
 
 The Pershing Tribute Campaign was conducted, in the city of Buffalo and throughout the 
 county, under the leadership of Ralph S. Kent, Director, during Thanksgiving Week, Nov. 23 
 to Nov. 30. The city was organized by Wards and Election Districts, and a house to house 
 canvass was carried on. The Director of the campaign appointed a sales manager or colonel 
 as leader over each ward, while the sales manager appointed a captain for each election district 
 in his ward, and the captains in turn appointed workers for their own election districts. It was 
 designed that each worker should not have more than twenty-five to thirty-five families to can- 
 vass, and preferably only twenty-five, as it was thought that the work would be more thoroughly 
 done if the worker did not have too much territory to cover. 
 
 The following "Sales Managers" were appointed: 
 
 First Ward— Robert Lacy, 375 Elk Street. 
 Second Ward — John O'Leary, 297 N. Division Street. 
 Third Ward, Thomas Hanrahan, 551 Seneca Street. 
 Fifth Ward— Charles J. Reuling, 1541 Abbott Road. 
 Sixth Ward, John Moest, 204 Genesee Street. 
 Seventh Ward, William J. Richter, 170 Lutheran Street. 
 Eighth Ward — Henry Gurtney, 251 Madison Street and 
 
 George Handler, Adams and Broadway. 
 Eleventh Ward— Hon. James M. Mead, 350 Gold 
 
 Street. 
 Thirteenth Ward— Leo Schmidt, 221 Cherry Street. 
 Fourteenth Ward — Joseph Kiener,263 Sycamore Street. 
 Fifteenth Ward— George W. Woltz, 755 Best Street. 
 Sixteenth Ward — Joseph W. Becker, 296 Sumner Place. 
 Seventeenth Ward — Clarence MacGregor, 399 Masten 
 
 Street and George E. Morgan, 101 E. Utica Street. 
 
 Eighteenth Ward — Fred C. Sprickman, 109 Roehrer 
 
 Avenue. 
 Twentieth Ward— W. Bartlett Sumner 21 Meech 
 
 Street. 
 Twenty-first Ward— Frank H. Alt, 527 Tonawanda Street. 
 Twenty-second Ward — John A. Hutchinson, 735 Ply- 
 mouth Avenue and Fred A. Bradley, 54 Lafayette 
 
 Avenue. 
 Twenty-third Ward — John C. Greziger, 416 Norwood 
 
 Avenue. 
 Twenty-Fourth Ward— Reginald Medlicott, 953 Front 
 
 Avenue. 
 Twenty-fifth Ward— Harry B. Lamson, 888 Main 
 
 Street. 
 Twenty-sixth Ward— Thomas H. McElvein, Jr., 552 
 
 Niagara Street. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 365 
 
 The results of the campaign in each Ward were as follows: 
 
 WARD 
 
 First . 
 Second 
 Third 
 Fifth . 
 Sixth . 
 Seventh 
 Eighth . 
 Eleventh 
 Thirteenth 
 Fourteenth 
 Fifteenth . 
 Sixteenth . 
 Seventeenth 
 
 NO. OF PEOPLE NO. OF STAMPS 
 
 210 
 102 
 191 
 1,048 
 36 
 189 
 277 
 167 
 327 
 402 
 258 
 365 
 709 
 
 746 
 227 
 311 
 
 1,921 
 84 
 272 
 419 
 223 
 462 
 752 
 322 
 622 
 
 1,171 
 
 WARD 
 
 Eighteenth . 
 
 Twentieth . . 
 
 Twenty-first 
 
 Twenty-second 
 
 Twenty-third 
 
 Twenty-fourth 
 
 Twenty-fifth 
 
 Twenty-sixth 
 
 Twenty-seventh 
 
 Total . . 
 Special . . 
 County . . . 
 
 NO. OF PEOPLE NO. OF STAMPS 
 
 1,704 3,005 
 
 1,941 3,938 
 
 813 1,461 
 
 925 1,344 
 
 1,370 4,070 
 
 758 1,021 
 
 1,160 4,824 
 
 592 832 
 
 3 4: 
 
 13,547 28,040 
 
 5,303 5,303 
 
 1,033 2,59 9 
 
 35,942 
 
 The sale of Thrift Stamps and W^ar Savings Stamps by months during the year 1918, for 
 
 Buffalo and Erie County, was as follows: 
 
 $ 79,037.70 
 
 127,982.37 
 495,817.69 
 431,093.75 
 
 ... 495,938.99 
 
 June 1,518,759.75 
 
 January 
 February 
 March . 
 April . . 
 May . . 
 
 July ■ . . . . 1,319,905.25 
 
 August 814,437.50 
 
 September 939,852.50 
 
 October 817,034.75 
 
 November 768,762.75 
 
 December 763,498.75 
 
 Total $8^2,121.75 
 
 The following Committee was appointed by the Board of Education to act in connection with 
 the War Savings Campaign in the Public Schools of Buffalo: Mrs. John G. Wickser, Member of 
 Board; Dr. Henry P. Emerson, Superintendent of Schools; Prin. Calvert K. Mellen, Chairman 
 of High Schools; Prin. Elmer J. Cobb, Chairman Grammar Schools. 
 
 Bishop Dennis J. Dougherty appointed Rev. F. T. Kanaley, superintendent of parochial 
 schools, to take charge of like work in the parochial schools of the city. After having been organ- 
 ized and started by the Women's Committee, all sectarian and non-sectarian private schools 
 reported directly to the War Savings Office in the same manner as did the public schools. 
 
 Back of all this touch with the schools was the thought of the wonderful field opened up for 
 the teaching of patriotism and thrift to the pupils. The correspondence revealed many stories 
 filled with as much real patriotism and sacrifice relatively as were the wonderful stories from 
 the battle line overseas. One teacher wrote of "Little Mamie" who brought her pennies to school 
 every week "all hot and sticky" from her little hand clutching them so tightly, and it developed 
 that "Mamie" was earning the pennies at home where there were eight other little tots growing 
 up on a hillside farm. Nothing of the war ever would have penetrated so far into the rural sec- 
 tion had it not been for this war service saving work that inspired little "Mamie" to do her 
 part in the great army of financial soldiers backing up the great army of fighting soldiers. 
 
 Vacation banks were distributed to all of the public schools and parochial and private schools 
 in June with a view to sustaining the interest during the time that the schools were closed. Some 
 schools decided to appoint one day each week during the summer when the children could come 
 to the school house and buy their stamps, but most of the schools used the banks. The experi- 
 ment proved a success far beyond expectation, for the sum of the vacation savings of public 
 schools was about $50,000. By the third week of September every public school of the city had 
 sent in a postal card report of the sales to date, showing that the interest was not only as great 
 as ever, but was increasing. 
 
 One of the best methods of advertising the War Savings Campaign in Buffalo was the use of 
 school signs, 29 of which were distributed in various parts of the city, having been contributed 
 by some former pupil or friend of the school, or in some instances paid for by the pupils them- 
 selves. These signs were about six feet by three, made of wood, set up in some conspicuous place 
 
366 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 on the school grounds, and painted red, white and blue with the service shield at the left bearing 
 the words "U. S. War Savings Service" and at the right "Buy War Savings Stamps and Help 
 Win the War." 
 
 At the beginning of the Campaign, Ralph S. Kent, Assistant Director, was appointed by 
 Mr. Husted to take charge of the work in Erie County outside of Buffalo, and Mr. Kent had 
 personal supervision of this work throughout the campaign. Most of the work was done by 
 correspondence, although Mr. Kent and Chas. L. Mache, principal of School 17, personally 
 attended many of the meetings held in the different towns and schools for the purpose of organ- 
 izing, and gave inspiring addresses on the War Savings movement. 
 
 The work in the Erie County Schools was particularly successful, and a large per cent of the 
 schools had active War Savings Societies. Early in the year a competition was started and a 
 banner was awarded every two weeks to the school having the highest average in each Super- 
 visory District. Semi-monthly reports were sent to Headquarters, where they were tabulated, 
 and a report made to the schools announcing the award of the banner, those having the highest 
 averages, and other items of interest. A very beautiful silk banner was donated by Mr. Kent for 
 use in the competition among the High Schools, and at the end of the year that banner was 
 awarded to Orchard Park High School, which had the highest average for the entire year. The 
 total sale in the schools outside of Buffalo was $100,415.90. 
 
 Miss May Conklin was the executive secretary acting under Mr. Kent, and she kept in con- 
 stant touch with the 266 schools in her districts. 
 
 The work in the Public Schools was carried on along very definite lines, which were approved by 
 the Board of Education. The plan was set forth by a circular dated Feb. 8, 1918, and provided 
 
 First — For forming a War Savings Society in every school along the simple plans suggested 
 by the Government, the same to be affiliated with the National War Savings Organization. 
 
 Second — For arranging a systematic correlation of lessons in thrift with the regular lessons of 
 the school, e. g., — 
 (a) Arithmetic lessons on the financial need of the country in carrying on the war, the savings 
 
 to the country and to the individual by avoiding extravagance and waste. 
 (6) Oral and written English lessons on the importance of thrift, economy, the conservation of 
 
 resources and our duty in helping to win the war. 
 (c) Geography and History lessons about the thrift and economy shown by the different coun- 
 tries at war and the influence thereof on the prosperity of their people. 
 
 Third — For arranging for meetings of pupils or parents during the year to listen to speakers or 
 to participate in exercises that will emphasize the subject of thrift and savings. 
 
 Fourth — For sending information to every home through the children about W^ar Savings 
 Stamps and their importance in helping to win the war while at the same time providing for 
 the future success of the person making the saving. 
 
 Fifth — For earnest patriotic individual work of teachers, pupils and parents in "doing their 
 bit" for their country in helping this War Savings Campaign. 
 
 In brief this plan was intended to make every class room a place where anyone in the district 
 could save any amount desired for war stamps and receive them through the school. The result 
 was seen in the tabulated sales. 
 
 TOTAL SCHOOLS PARTICIPATING IN WAR S. S. SCHOOL CAMPAIGN, 1918 
 City of Buffalo: no. of schools total sales 
 
 Grammar Schools 64 $464,414.97 
 
 High Schools 5 122,861.11 
 
 Private Schools 17 38,794.03 
 
 Parochial Schools 65 132,712.75 
 
 Sales of Boy Scouts credited to Schools 142,691.00 
 
 Erie County Schools (outside of Buffalo): 
 
 Public Schools 267 100,415.90 
 
 Parochial Schools 23 7,336.95 
 
 Total $1,009,226.71 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 367 
 
 The sales 
 
 in the schools outside 
 
 manner: 
 
 
 
 TOWNSHIP 
 
 NO. OF SCHOOLS 
 
 Alden . . . 
 
 High 
 
 1 
 
 
 Graded 
 
 7 
 
 Amherst . . 
 
 High 
 
 1 
 
 
 Graded 
 
 9 
 
 Aurora . . 
 
 High 
 
 1 
 
 
 Graded 
 
 9 
 
 Boston . . 
 
 Graded 
 
 7 
 
 Brant . . . 
 
 Graded 
 
 3 
 
 Cheektowaga 
 
 High 
 
 1 
 
 
 Graded 
 
 7 
 
 Clarence . . 
 
 High 
 
 1 
 
 
 Graded 
 
 9 
 
 Golden . . 
 
 Graded 
 
 6 
 
 Collins . . 
 
 High 
 
 1 
 
 
 Graded 
 
 9 
 
 Concord 
 
 High 
 
 1 
 
 
 Graded 
 
 7 
 
 E. Hamburg 
 
 High 
 
 1 
 
 
 Graded 
 
 4 
 
 Eden . . . 
 
 High 
 
 1 
 
 
 Graded 
 
 8 
 
 divided among the various towns in the following 
 
 TOTAL SALES 
 
 $2,111.61 
 
 453.21 
 
 2,689.68 
 
 1,816.27 
 
 2,640.24 
 
 1,191.52 
 
 1,971.35 
 
 879.43 
 
 800.47 
 
 2,048.66 
 
 251.02 
 
 1,098.12 
 
 415.63 
 
 752 . 54 
 
 970.31 
 
 3,842.40 
 
 579 . 75 
 
 4,700.50 
 
 151.68 
 
 1,662.50 
 
 3,895.39 
 
 TOWNSHIP 
 Elma . . 
 Evans . . 
 
 Grand Island 
 Hamburg . . 
 
 Holland . . . 
 
 Lancaster . . 
 
 Marilla . . . 
 Newstead . . 
 
 North Collins 
 
 Sardinia . . . 
 Tonawanda 
 
 Wales . . . . 
 West Seneca . 
 
 Total . . . 
 
 NO. OF SCHOOLS 
 
 Graded 9 
 
 High 1 
 
 Graded 13 
 
 Graded 8 
 
 High 2 
 
 Graded 7 
 
 High 1 
 
 Graded 5 
 
 High 2 
 
 Graded 6 
 
 Graded 9 
 
 High 1 
 
 Graded 10 
 
 High 1 
 
 Graded 8 
 
 Graded 8 
 
 High 1 
 
 Graded 3 
 
 Graded 8 
 
 High 3 
 
 Graded 5 
 
 PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS 
 
 SS. Peter and Paul, Hamburg $2,740.00 
 
 Nativity, Orchard Park 1,410.75 
 
 St. Mary, Lancaster 
 
 St. Aloysius, Springville 
 
 St. Augustine, Depew 
 
 St. Francis, Tonawanda 
 
 St. John Baptist, Boston 
 
 St. Anthony, Farnham 
 
 598.00 
 425.00 
 331.75 
 322 . 50 
 253.00 
 185.00 
 
 St. Clara, East Aurora 
 
 St. Paul, Kenmore 
 
 Holy Helpers, Gardenville 
 
 Mother of Good Counsel, Blasdell . . 
 
 St. Josaphat, Sloan 
 
 St. Martin, Langford 
 
 St. Mary, New Oregon 
 
 0. L. Help of Christians, Cheektowaga 
 
 TOTAL SALES 
 
 915.44 
 1,454.53 
 4,737.87 
 1,443.57 
 9,906.88 
 3,896.36 
 1,161.37 
 
 181.50 
 7,072.20 
 
 589.08 
 5,866.45 
 25,39.00 
 1,933.81 
 1,058.00 
 10,394.64 
 1,004.49 
 7,324 . 72 
 
 600.25 
 
 663.18 
 2,108.81 
 
 643.47 
 . $100,415.90 
 
 219.25 
 
 180.95 
 
 129.00 
 
 112.25 
 
 97.75 
 
 96.75 
 
 171.50 
 
 63.50 
 
 Total $7,336.95 
 
368 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER XCVIII 
 BUFFALO CHAPTER, AMERICAN RED CROSS 
 
 ON October 4th, 1914, a group of women met at the home of Mrs. W. T. Atwater to discuss 
 the question of how to organize for war relief work. On October 24th a general meeting 
 was called at the Twentieth Century Club and the Buffalo War Relief Comittee came into 
 being. The officers elected were Ansley Wilcox, Chairman, Mrs. Lucien Howe, Vice Chairman, 
 Edward L. Hengerer, Treasurer, and Miss Maude Burnett, Secretary. This committee made 
 clothing and collected articles for warring countries. 
 
 As the problem of unemployment became more and more acute, a second committee was 
 organized under the title of Red Cross Work Room Committee with Miss Mabel Wilcox as Chair- 
 man. This had as its function the collection of money for the purchase of material and the employ- 
 ment of women to make the clothing to be shipped abroad through the Buffalo War Relief Com- 
 mittee. 
 
 In October, 1915, these two were merged into one organization called the American Red Cross 
 Buffalo War Relief and Workrooms Committee with Ansley Wilcox as Chairman, Mrs. F. C. 
 Gratwick, Vice Chairman, Miss Mabel Wilcox, Executive Secretary and Clifford Hubbell, Treas- 
 urer. 
 
 A shop was opened in Main Street for exhibition purposes and an additional department was 
 established to provide a reserve stock of supplies for home use in case of any national calamity. 
 
 On July 7, 1916, at a meeting held at the Iroquois Hotel, this Committee went out of existence 
 and the Buffalo Chapter of the American Red Cross was organized. F. S. McGraw was elected 
 Chairman, Harry Yates, Vice Chairman; Clifford Hubbell, Treasurer; Miss Mabel Wilcox, 
 Secretary; and Mrs. B. B. Glenny, Jr., Assistant Secretary. Headquarters were opened in the 
 Root Building and Committees on Military and Civilian Relief, First Aid, Finance, Publicity 
 and Membership appointed. 
 
 In January, 1917, the Chapter voted to establish and equip a Base Hospital. The story of this 
 hospital will be told elsewhere in this history. 
 
 In April the Executive offices were moved to the Niagara Life Building and the workrooms 
 to the Gratwick house, 776 Delaware Avenue. In May, Waldo H. Sherman was chosen Executive 
 Secretary. At that time the Doty house at 795 Delaware Avenue was opened for Foreign Relief 
 and an Extension Department for Erie County organized. 
 
 In July, W. G. Moncrieff was elected Vice Chairman of the Chapter and a Woman's Division 
 organized. The workrooms were centralized at 303 North Street. 
 
 In September William P. Haines succeeded Mr. Sherman as Executive Secretary of the Chapter 
 and in January, 1918, L. P. Shumway was appointed to that position while the Bankers' Trust 
 Company was made Assistant Treasurer. In February the Executive Officers and the Garment 
 and Yarn Departments opened new quarters in the Curtiss Building at 210 Franklin Street. In 
 September Mrs. Richard Noye, Jr., succeeded Mr. Shumway as Executive Secretary. In Decem- 
 ber the Woman's Board was abolished and a Committee on Production appointed. The per- 
 sonnel of the Executive Committee has changed from time to time. The Ust includes the following: 
 
 E. H. Butler, Mrs. Russell Bryant, Dr. Marshall Clinton, Mrs. Harry Yates, Dr. George R. Critchlow, Mrs. Wil- 
 liam B. Hoyt, M. F. Dirnberger, Mrs. William Chapin, Mrs. F. W. Fiske, Jr., Mrs. W. T. Atwater, A. C. Goodyear, 
 Dr. Timothy Donovan, Clifford Hubbell, Mrs. F. B. Cooley, James How, Mrs. Evan Hollister, Ralph C. Hudson, 
 Major Charles E. Walbridge, Evan Hollister, Harry T. Ramsdell, F. S. McGraw, General Samuel M. Welch, W. A. 
 Morgan, Roderick Potter, Mrs. H. W. Sprague, Mrs. .James H. Dyett, H. W. Sprague, Dr. Alfred H. Clark, Ansley 
 Wilcox, Mrs. Richard Noye, Jr.; Miss Mabel Wilcox, Clement H. Cochrane, Harry Yates, John J. Boland, Mrs. 
 Bryant B. Glenny Jr., William P. Haines, Dr. Francis E. Fronczak, Waldo H. Sherman, John H. Baker, Mrs. Frank 
 S. McGraw, Henry D. Miles, Maxwell M. Nowak, D. J. Kenefick, Frank Winch, W. G. Moncrieff, Dr. George T. 
 Moseley, William H. Barr, A. G. Bartholomew, A. J. Elias, Mrs. L. E. Bartlett, Bert L. Jones, Mrs. H. L. Chisholm, 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 369 
 
 Red Cross Workers 
 
 Buffalo women who did their bit toward winning the war 
 
 Mrs. Charles Clifton, Mrs. William Hamlin, Rev. William J. Kirwin, 0. M. L, S. M. Clement, Mrs. J. P. Devine, 
 Mrs. C. E. Hoffman, E. L. Koons, Rabbi -Louis J. Kopald, Mrs. John D. Larkin Jr., Rev. S. V. V. Holmes, Mrs. 
 T. K. Mann, H. P. Parrock, Mrs. Dexter P. Rumsey, Mrs. Frederick Slee, Mrs. Harry B. Spaulding, Miss Edna 
 Stainton, Mrs. Nelson S. Taylor, Mrs. E. L. Thomas, George P. Urban, Langdon B. Wood. 
 
 During the first few months of the life of the Buffalo Chapter the receipts and expenditures 
 were small but soon grew by leaps and bounds. On January 1st, 1917, the cash on hand amounted 
 to $1,379.30. During the two years ending December 31, 1918, the Chapter received as its share 
 of membership fees, $111,625.45; from classes over and above expenses, $162.29; from the Allied 
 Bazaar, $11,504.76; from All-Star Theatre Benefit, $36,130.61; from Junior Memberships, 
 $6,241.16; from contributions through Food Administration, $17,453.84; from general and 
 special donations, $128,597.78; from Buffalo's share of 1st and 2d Red Cross War Funds, $675,- 
 059.93, making total receipts of $988,158.07. During the same two years the disbursements were — 
 for operating expenses including rent, heat, light, wages, postage, printing, telephone, and tele- 
 graph for all departments, and all campaign expenses $94,292.40; for magazines and insignia 
 over and above receipts, $1,274.69; for materials, 94 different articles including yarn to the 
 value of $260,000, gauze, flannelette, sheeting, cotton, comfort kits, etc., $634,004.35; for Civil 
 and Military Relief other than Production Department, $145,896.38; total expenditures, $884,- 
 467.82. Cash and bonds on hand December 31, 1918, amounted to $103,690.25. In addition to 
 this the Chapter had further resources of $218,257.61 representing the amount due the Chapter 
 on its 25% share of the amount collected on the Second War Fund. 
 
 The story of the two War Fund campaigns is to be told elsewhere. A brief summary would 
 reveal that as regards the First War Fund, the total subscription was $1,953,259.27. Over 98% 
 or $1,917,851.03 of this was collected. On the Second War Fund, $2,502,717.24 was pledged. 
 Up to May 5th, $2,299,597.78 of that amount had been paid in. 
 
 Clifford Hubbell served as Treasurer of the Chapter from its formation, with L. P. Williams, 
 
370 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 the Bankers Trust Company and the Fidelity Trust Company as Assistant Treasurers. All 
 accounts were audited and reported to National Headquarters in detail. Overhead expenses were 
 more than covered by membership fees, all donations being applied directly to relief work. 
 
 The Red Cross is dependent upon membership fees for its operating expenses. A portion goes 
 for maintenance of National and Di\'ision Headquarters and a part is retained by the local Chapter 
 for the same purpose. 
 
 Three membership campaigns were carried on during the war period — the first, with W. G. 
 Moncrieff as Chairman early in 1917, the second with C. H. Cochrane as Chairman in December 
 
 1917, and the third with Langdon B. Wood and Mrs. Richard H. Thompson as leaders, December 
 
 1918. The actual membership April 1st, 1919, was as follows: Annual, 149,965; Subscribing, 
 4,030; Contributing, 218; Sustaining, 41; Life, 73; Patron, 5, or a total of 154,381. 
 
 During the months preceding the formal organization of the Buffalo Chapter and for some 
 time after, the articles produced and the place of shipment depended largely upon individual 
 initiative. Garments, new and old, both for civilians and for hospital use; surgical dressings and 
 comfort bags were made and shipped for Base Hospital 23, American Fund for French Wounded, 
 Serbian Mission and National Surgical Dressings Committee. 
 
 In the summer of 1917 all production activities were put under the direction of a Woman's 
 Board, appointed as follows: Mrs. William Hamlin, President; Mrs. James H. Dyett, Vice- 
 President and Work Director; Mrs. F. S. McGraw, Secretary; Mrs. P. H. Griffin and Mrs. 
 Frederick Humburch, Cutting Department; Mrs. Roderick Potter and Miss Agnes Derrick, 
 Packing and Shipping; Mrs. Frederick C. Slee, Knitting; Mrs. Henry Ware Sprague and Mrs. 
 J. J. Albright, Educational; Mrs. Harry L. Chisholm and Mrs. F. B. Cooley, Surgical Dressings; 
 Mrs. John D. Larkin Jr., Purchasing; Mrs. Harry Yates and Mrs. Henry Rumrill, Soldiers' 
 Comforts; Mrs. Charles B. Sears and Mrs. Lucius Bartlett, Sewing; Mrs. Roger C. Adams and 
 Mrs. J. G. Eppendorf, City Activities; Mrs. W. T. Atwater and Mrs. William B. Hoyt, House- 
 keeping; Mrs. William C. Warren. 
 
 At that time the Greene house at 303 North Street and the Gratwick house at 776 Delaware 
 Avenue were entirely given over to those departments. As the months went on and the National 
 organization developed, the Production Department became a great factory, receiving definite 
 orders of what to produce with definite dates of shipment. This gave stability to the work. 
 
 Of the Knitting Department, with Mrs. Frederick C. Slee Chairman from its organization, the 
 record files show more than 14,000 accounts representing at least 20,000 knitters. The lame man 
 who sells pencils, the fireman, the blind, the rich and the poor made up that great army of workers. 
 Knitted articles to the number of 26,295 were given to soldiers before leaving home, and more 
 than 10,000 articles distributed to men stationed in the City. Altogether, 70,639 sweaters, 145,082 
 pairs of socks and 25,176 other articles, making a grand total of 240,897 garments valued at 
 $541,589.25 were shipped, while tons of yarn were used. While the greater part of that was hand 
 work, one of the picturesque features was the knitting machines in the firehouses, manned by 
 the willing firemen who made at least 30,000 pairs of socks. With the cessation of hostilities 
 military knitting stopped and the making of stockings, sweaters, mufflers and shawls for refugees 
 began. 
 
 Letters by the score tell of the appreciation of the soldier boys. Perhaps the following from a 
 major in the Convoy Service is typical: 
 
 "Allow me to thank you and the members of the Red Cross Society for the very nice and 
 prompt way in which the men under my command were supplied with sweaters, mufflers, wrist- 
 lets, helmets and gloves by your organization. 
 
 "I doubt if there is anyone who really appreciates these things like the soldiers. These rhen 
 came from a southern climate to Buffalo in the very cold weather here, but through your very 
 prompt attention to this matter they were immediately supplied with everything necessary to 
 keep them warm. 
 
 " The Red Cross is certainly doing a noble work, and they have a large place in the hearts of 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 371 
 
 all soldiers. I know not only from experience here in Buffalo, but from the great work they 
 did for the majority of soldiers in Camp Custer, Michigan. " 
 
 Closely related to the Knitting is the Comforts Department with Mrs. Harry Yates at its head. 
 Property bags, trench bags and comfort bags containing the many articles so necessary to the 
 well being of the men have been turned out in incredible numbers. In all, 101,842 comfort bags, 
 packets and miscellaneous comforts have gone forward with a valuation of $93,584.50. 
 
 That department required the entire floor space at 777 Main Street for its work, later moving 
 to 213 Franklin Street. In October, 1917, an intensive campaign was carried on for the collection 
 of articles for Christmas packages for men in service. 
 
 The Garment Department had a succession of Chairmen — Mrs. William C. Warren, Mrs. C. 
 H. McCullough, Mrs. Lucius Bartlett and the present incumbent, Mrs. C. E. Hoffman. The 
 department shipped 107,445 hospital garments, 234,621 pieces of hospital linen and 52,446 refu- 
 gee garments, totaling, with some shipments to the American Commission in Devastated France, 
 395,738 pieces valued at $371,693.38. Nearly one half million yards of material were used, besides 
 thousands of articles purchased from the Atlantic Division. A Committee under Mrs. W. C. Kerr 
 became expert with the electric machine, cutting fifty or more thicknesses of cloth at one time. 
 That Department probably had work for a long time after the war, as the peoples of war 
 ravaged countries not reached by the Red Cross during hostilities were in desperate need of our 
 help. 
 
 The Surgical Dressings Department, before the signing of the Armistice, had grown to such 
 size that it filled one of the largest houses in the city, the Daniels house at 787 Delaware Avenue. 
 The personnel of the Department numbered between five and six hundred, including instructors, 
 inspectors, stockkeepers, shippers, etc. Fifty workrooms were established throughout the city and 
 county and the workers, both men and women numbered thousands. In all 677,152?4 yards of 
 material and 40,370 pounds of cotton were used in making 2,237,009 dressings, conservatively 
 valued at $94,021.83. The total estimated value of work from all departments is $1,100,888.96 
 for 2,975,486 pieces. Mrs. H. L. Chisholm was Chairman of that Department from the date of 
 its organization. 
 
 The Packing Department, with Mrs. Roderick Potter as Chairman and Mrs. Clarence E. Miner 
 in charge of Surgical Dressings, packed and shipped nearly 5,000 cases of supplies. Shipments 
 were made to the headquarters of the Atlantic Division in New York City and distributed from 
 that point. 
 
 The Committee on Military Relief was organized in July, 1917, with Dr. Marshall Clinton as 
 Chairman and Major C. E. Walbridge as Chairman of Committee on Supply. Dr. Clinton who 
 resigned to take charge of Base Hospital 23 was succeeded by General Samuel M. Welch. 
 That Department was divided into three parts; the Canteen, the Motor Corps, and General 
 Relief. The first probably brought Red Cross into more intimate contact with a greater number 
 of persons than any other. 
 
 The Canteen was organized in 1917 by a committee of men and women and grew in size until 
 its workers numbered over sixty. It was officered by a Director, Mrs. Nelson S. Taylor; two 
 assistants, Mrs. C. E. Walbridge and Mrs. Raymond Baldwin; an executive committee and 
 seven captains of the day. Under each captain were nine workers who were on call all day. The 
 office was open from 9 A. M. to 5 P. M. with a captain or aide ready to meet emergency calls. 
 Information concerning troop trains was given by the railroad officials to the head of the Train 
 Information Bureau, who, in turn, called the Captain of the Day, telHng her at what hours trains 
 were due. The captain called the workers for the day, supplies were counted into the baskets 
 and workers and supplies taken to the designated railroad yard. 
 
 During the summer of 1918, Buffalo was often the first city where the boys received canteen 
 service. Altogether the canteen served over half a million men in about six hundred trains. The 
 approximate cost of the service per man was from seven to fifteen cents. Usually cigarettes, 
 matches and chocolate were given, but during the summer, ice cream cones and oranges were 
 
372 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 substituted for chocolate, and often during the coldest months, coffee and doughnuts were served. 
 The troop trains did not come into the station and the canteen workers had from two to ten 
 miles of motor ride each time they met a train. Many telegrams were received requesting the 
 purchase of supplies which were paid for by the commanding officer of the troop trains. 
 
 The Station Canteen service was organized in May, 1918, with Mrs. George F. Hawley as Direc- 
 tor and Mrs. C. R. Wyckoff as Assistant Director. Its home was a small, well equipped booth 
 in the main entrance of the New York Central Station, with space in front railed off and furnished 
 with chairs and tables, and supplied with stationery and reading matter. A bathroom with twelve 
 showers was located in the basement of the station. Buffalo then was not only an important 
 junction point for troop trains, but a passage way and stopping place for a multitude of individual 
 enlisted men, most of them strangers, some ill, and many stranded, owing to lack of funds. 
 Calls for assistance were many and multifarious in character. The booth was open day and 
 night and attended by over sixty workers. Not less than one hundred thousand men were served 
 in one way or another. One officer, typical of hundreds wrote: "Many thanks for the service 
 rendered my men. No one knows how it helps to have the Red Cross behind us." 
 
 A sailor would send back a postal saying: "The Red Cross is 0. K. Many thanks for the 
 eats. It sure helps to meet the pretty nurses at the Station. " 
 
 The history of the Motor Corps is a part and parcel of the history of every department of 
 the Red Cross since it serves every department and every department is dependent upon it. Up 
 to August, 1918, the Red Cross was supplied with drivers, aides and cars by the National League 
 for Women's Service Motor Corps. At that time the Corps, with one hundred and seventy-five 
 members with Mrs. Harry B. Spaulding as Captain, became a part of the Buffalo Chapter of 
 the American Red Cross. 
 
 There were in service four trucks, three ambulances and a touring car owned by the Chapter 
 in addition to an average of 450 private cars per month. The ambulance unit was on call day 
 and night. During the Influenza Epidemic 576 patients were carried in twelve days. 
 
 The Motor Corps made virtually all deliveries and collections for the Production Depart- 
 ment; made an average of 400 calls a month for the Home Service; made the collections for 
 Salvage and Used Clothing Drives (over 1400 calls for the last one); delivered supplies and 
 provided transportation for speakers in Membership and War Fund Campaigns, to mention only 
 a part of their activities. 
 
 In addition, the Motor Corps has served the following organizations; Federal Government, 
 U. S. Housing Corporation, Liberty Loan, Ordnance Department, Navy Department, French 
 Commission, British and American Recruiting, Children's Aid Society, Charity Organization 
 Society, District Nursing Association, General Hospital Social Service, Children's Hospital, 
 Health Department, Y. M. C. A., and made milk delivery for sick babies four times a week. 
 
 The Corps was organized on a military basis with weekly infantry and ambulance drills. One 
 important function of the Motor Corps has been the work in connection with General Hospital 
 4, at Fort Porter. This service has included transportation of patients to and from the hospi- 
 tal; transportation of entertainers to and from the hospital and the establishment of a service 
 for taking convalescent men for motor rides. 
 
 General Military ReUef. This might be termed general utility, help given wherever needed. 
 Two or three of the hundreds of cases will illustrate. 
 
 A man who enlisted in South Dakota, parents' residence in Idaho, victim of shell shock received 
 in battle in France, is discharged from Fort Porter apparently welJ though unable to work. His 
 papers still in France, all he can be paid is three and one-half cents per mile to his place of enlist- 
 ment. He wants to return to his parents but is fifty dollars short. The Red Cross provides the 
 money. 
 
 A veteran with Boer War Medal, fifteen years' service, wounded in the battle of Mons after 
 one year of fighting, one of twenty-eight men remaining in battalion of 1,400 who left England 
 in August, 1914. Discharged from hospital. Three wounds in right foot and one on back of head 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 373 
 
 prohibit further fighting. As a fireman he goes to sea — ship torpedoed, sinks, rescued he sails 
 again. Torpedoed, sinking and rescue repeated. He sails again for New York. His record book 
 tells the rest of the story: "King, Philip, homeward bound, sunk by collision off Swinburne 
 Island; voyage not completed." He wants to go to friends in Canada who will help him to a 
 job which may be a trifle safer. The Red Cross sees that he gets there. 
 
 These stories may be duplicated many times. 
 
 The Civilian Relief Committee is the department of the Buffalo Chapter which was charged 
 with the responsibility of the Red Cross in respect to alleviating distress among the people of 
 the city and county. It came into existence with the War. 
 
 The General Committee of which Roderick Potter was Chairman until April, 1919, when he 
 was succeeded by S. M. Clement, is subdivided into a Home Service Section, charged with the 
 care of families of men in service and a Disaster Relief Committee which would organize relief 
 work in the event of a large local disaster. Under its Chairman, E. L. Koons, this committee 
 gave assistance to the Department of Health during the Influenza epidemic. 
 
 The Home Service Section had to learn an ever-growing job while performing the task. The 
 provisions of the war risk insurance law for allotments and allowances, for life and compensation 
 insurance for the benefit of the families of soldiers and sailors were the most munificent legisla- 
 tion of the kind ever devised, but the task of putting it into operation was so huge that it proved 
 impossible to get the allotment checks through with any degree of promptness or regularity. 
 The families of the numberless "Private John Smith" had to be fed in the meantime and it was 
 the Red Cross that saved the day. From the first, it was realized that these dependent people 
 could not be left to the care of the established charitable or State authorities. They were normal 
 families temporarily disorganized because their men had given up everything for all the other 
 families of the country. These people were our neighbors to whom we do not offer alms and to 
 whom the Red Cross meant friendship. 
 
 During the War, under the direction of the secretaries, Mrs. Harrie R. Dilks and Miss Edna 
 Stainton, about four thousand families were cared for by providing money for their support, in 
 full or in part, during the interval between the enlistment of the man and the payment of his 
 money from the Government, or supplementing that amount on account of some extraordinary 
 need. 
 
 It disbursed over one hundred thousand dollars in money for relief alone. Next to money 
 relief, the principal activity was the Information Bureau, under Miss Frances Romatowska, which 
 gave advice, secured pay, handled legal problems through a volunteer committee of which John 
 Alan Hamilton was Chairman, and, in short, acted for those families in all their relations with 
 the War and Treasury Departments. That bureau alone disposed of nearly 10,000 cases. 
 
 The work required an amount of family visiting and investigating of which the record of between 
 ten and fifteen thousand family visits will enable one to gather a fairly accurate idea. From the 
 first it was realized that money could not be simply handed out to anyone who asked, and not 
 only money, but every kind of neighborly assistance was needed in a family where the principal 
 wage earner was gone, a family which perhaps did not even know what the war was about. A series 
 of training classes, under Mrs. Anna B. Fox, gave a force of 85 volunteer visitors to supplement 
 the paid staff. These volunteers worked under three Supervisors — Mrs. E. B. McKenna, Mrs. 
 Carlton M. Smith and Mrs. C. H. Cochrane. 
 
 The work of the Home Service Section has been cumulative. In September, 1917, nine families 
 were given money relief to the amount of $123.00. In September, 1918, the corresponding figures 
 were 434 families with $13,109 spent, besides 1,286 families aided in some other way. 
 
 After the signing of the Armistice, work with the men increased. Discharged men were given 
 information about insurance, loans made to men who had found work but were in need of funds 
 to carry them to the first pay day; sick soldiers cared for while a committee, with S. S. Mitchell 
 as Chairman, co-operated with the Federal Board in the care and re-education of disabled men. 
 
 All through the War the Erie County Medical Association formed a Committee of 46 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 375 
 
 physicians and surgeons, directed by Dr. Irving W. Potter, who served all needy families without 
 charge. The Preparedness League of American Dentists gave service free and the City Health 
 Department and the District Nursing Association were unfailing in their co-operation. The 
 records of the Home Service Section would show "human interest" stories enough to fill many 
 volumes. Their work, of course, was of a confidential nature. 
 
 When the mails were closed to enemy countries, the only method of communication was through 
 the Red Cross and hundreds of welfare messages were sent and received. For example — a Buffalo 
 Pole had had no word of his wife in Poland for three years. Through the Red Cross they were 
 able to assure each other of their safety. 
 
 Under the Chapter Development Department was included the organization and development 
 of the branches and auxiliaries of the Buffalo Chapter. Miss Mabel Wilcox was the first Director 
 with Miss Edna Stainton as her successor. There were, in the city of Buffalo, 178 Auxiliaries. 
 Sixty per cent were in churches, representing all denominations in the city. Forty per cent repre- 
 sented women's clubs, neighborhood circles, business concerns, settlement houses, patriotic leagues, 
 labor unions and lodges. The main duty of those auxiliaries was to make and turn over to Red 
 Cross headquarters surgical dressings, knitted articles and garments of all kinds. The members 
 have also responded to calls for workers in drives of every kind. 
 
 In the county there were 63 Branches and 88 units. The Branches are miniature Chapters, 
 having all the departments of the parent Chapter. With the exception of three or four very 
 small settlements, every town, village and four corners in Erie County was an organized part 
 of the Buffalo Chapter. Virtually all of the branches had central work-rooms in empty stores, 
 while the Red Cross note ran through the hum and rumble of all activities in all the nooks and 
 corners of the county. A list of these branches included: 
 
 Akron, Alden, Amherst, Angola, Arcade, Athol Springs, Blasdell, Boston, Bowmansville, 
 Chaffee, Clarence, Clarence Center, Colden, Collins, Collins Center, Cowlesville, Crittenden, 
 Depew, Derby, East Amherst, East Aurora, East Hill, Eden, Elma, Farnham, Glenwood, Gowanda 
 Griffins Mills, Hamburg, Holland, Iroquois, Irving, Java, Java Center, Java Village, Kenmore, 
 Lackawanna, Lancaster, Lawtons, Marilla, Millgrove, North Boston, North Collins, North Evans, 
 Orchard Park, Porterville, Sardinia, Sloan, South Wales, Springville, Strykersville, Swormville, 
 Tonawandas, Town Line, Versailles, Wales, Wales Center, West Falls, West Seneca, Williams- 
 ville, Williston, Woodlawn. 
 
 The Educational Department, under its Chairman Mrs. Henry Ware Sprague, was in charge 
 of the classes in Home Nursing, First Aid and Dietetics. Miss Katherine Shaddock and Miss 
 Kate I. Kennedy were Chapter Supervisors, and Dr. Alfred Hull Clark and Dr. George T. Mose- 
 ley. Chairman of First Aid. 
 
 In elementary first aid 72 classes were organized, 1,236 pupils enrolled and 683 graduated. 
 In advanced first aid 7 classes were organized, 81 pupils enrolled and 58 graduated. In home 
 nursing 56 classes were organized, 894 pupils enrolled and 438 graduated. In dietetics 7 classes 
 were organized, 103 pupils enrolled and 67 graduated. 
 
 These classes were self-supporting. The courses in Dietetics were given in the perfectly equipped 
 domestic science kitchens of the High and Normal schools. 
 
 The Junior Membership of the Red Cross grew out of the efforts of many children to Unk 
 themselves with the Red Cross in their school units. It aimed primarily to educate through ser- 
 vice, and its ideals entailed active participation in community, national and world citizenship; 
 the integration of the spirit of sacrifice and service in all school work, and its peace program is to 
 serve the children of the world. The first director was Miss Marjorie Elias, who was followed 
 by Miss Ellen K. Eppendorf. In October, 1918, Mrs. Bryant B. Glenny became head of the 
 department with Mrs. J. G. Joseph as director of production. Enrollments are made with each 
 school as a unit by the payment of twenty five cents in cash or its equivalent in service for each child 
 registered. The total Junior membership of the Buffalo Chapter was at that period, 1919, 38,284 
 in 371 school auxiliaries. The total amount of money paid in by the school children was $9,571.12. 
 
376 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Lafayette High School AuxiUary adopted seven French orphans; Hutchinson High School, 
 two; School of Practice, one; School No. 31, one; School No. 48, one; Hamburg High School, 
 seven; West Seneca Union No. 3, two and Church Charity Foundation, one. 
 
 The children produced more than seventy thousand articles including handkerchiefs, scrap 
 books, washcloths, property bags, splints, bedside tables, pajamas, operating gowns, children's 
 garments, tabourets, packing boxes, knitting needles, sweaters, socks, mufflers, and shawls. 
 These were used overseas, in camps, in convalescent homes and local hospitals. It is at this time 
 the stated purpose of the American Red Cross to make the Junior Department one of the most 
 important parts of its "peace organization." 
 
 The Salvage Department opened its headquarters on October 1, 1918, at 41 East Eagle Street, 
 the building being given for four months by Miss Amelia Stevenson. The officers were Ralph C. 
 Hudson, Chairman, and Mrs. Thomas K. Mann, Vice Chairman. Collection stations were estab- 
 lished in the various fire houses and fifty thousand cards distributed to householders telling what 
 articles to save and where to send them. That department took charge of the peach pits and 
 nut shells accumulated in the city and surrounding towns. Fifty tons were forwarded to Astoria, 
 L. I. to be used in making carbon for gas masks. This amount was sufficient to make masks for 
 seventeen thousand men. Donations of every conceivable article, from an old hat to a fine violin 
 were made. The shop sold those articles at retail at a reasonable price while waste paper, rubber, 
 etc. was sold at wholesale. The Automobile Club of Buffalo conducted a rubber drive which 
 netted over seven hundred dollars. The primary purpose of that department was to aid in form- 
 ing habits of thrift and conservation. Incidentally, it brought in a steady income to the Red 
 Cross. 
 
 Two hundred and ninety-one Nurses were enrolled in the Red Cross Nursing Service through 
 the Buffalo local Committee. For Home Defense Service thirty-seven were enrolled. Two hun- 
 dred and seventy-seven of the Nurses went into active service. Four Buffalo Red Cross Nurses 
 died in service overseas — Estelle Knapp, Florence M. Trank, Magdalene Holland and Annie 
 Williams. Mary Healey died at a Home camp. The Registrar of Nurses for the Buffalo Chapter 
 was Kate I. Kennedy. 
 
 Thousands of men were sent overseas and into camps and cantonments by the Red Cross for 
 its many activities. The Chapter records show the following men from Buffalo: Walter H. 
 Barnes, Harlan P. Bosworth, Harris Bothwell, William L. Bryant, C. J. Coatsworth, W. Harry 
 Glenny, C. W. Goodyear, W. C. R. Hazard, James How, Harry D. Kirkover, James B. McCreary, 
 E. G. Spaulding, J. R. Wickwire, Spencer Kellogg, Jr., William G. Meadows, R. R. Mitchell, 
 Arnold B. Watson, Knowlton Mixer, Henry Oliver Smith, John Chamberlain, F. Sears McGraw, 
 Jr., George William Grupp, Paul Ivanichevitch, Robert 0. Meldrum, Isadore Finigold, Paul Har- 
 rend, Arthur J. Homberger, Francis J. Zuchlewski, Douglas P. Kingston, Francis Alward, C. E. 
 Clarey and J. E. S. McCurdy. 
 
 Seymour Olmsted went overseas under the auspices of other organizations, but was transferred 
 to the Red Cross after arrival in Europe. 
 
 This list does not include men who in many instances drove Red Cross ambulances overseas 
 whose records are not in the possession of the Buffalo Chapter. W. G. Moncrieff was Chairman 
 of Personnel for men and Mrs. Edwin L. Thomas for women. 
 
 Nearly a half million trench candles or ration heaters were made for the Red Cross by the 
 members of the Buffalo Fire Department. These were made from old newspapers, tightly rolled 
 and boiled in paraffine. These trench candles were a great comfort for the soldiers. Being smoke- 
 less, they could be used in first line position. 
 
 Friday, December 7, 1917, was Red Cross Matinee Day for Americans. Nearly every 
 theatre in the country gave a special matinee on that day, the total receipts without any deduc- 
 tions being given to the Red Cross. The Executive Committee for Buffalo consisted of Dr. P. C. 
 Cornell, Manager of the Star Theatre as Chairman, F. S. McGraw and Henry J. Carr. 
 
 At the Star, "Cheating Cheaters" was the attraction; in the Teck, "Oh, Boy" and in the 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 377 
 
 Majestic, "A Girl Without a Chance." At Shea's, the regular performance was given in the 
 morning and at the Olympic, where the latter's show was combined with the Lyric's perform- 
 ance. Actors, musicians, stage hands and ushers gave their services free and a substantial sum 
 was turned in to the Red Cross Treasury. 
 
 Norman de Nord, a salesman in the C. A. Weed store suggested that all voters on Elec- 
 tion Day, November, 1917, be asked to contribute something to the Red Cross for soldiers' 
 smokes. Cigar boxes were placed in all election booths and more than eight hundred dollars was 
 collected. 
 
 A striking calendar of War verse was sold in Buffalo during the Christmas season of 1917 for 
 the benefit of the Red Cross. It was compiled by a small group under the direction of Mrs. 
 E. H. I.etchworth and included 53 poems by such authors as Eden Philpotts, William Watson, 
 Edith Wharton, Richard Le Gallienne, Alan Seeger and others. The Red Cross treasury was 
 more than two thousand dollars richer as the result of the sale of this calendar. 
 
 For the first time in the history of the City and County Hall, and that dates back to 1876, an 
 advertising sign was allowed on the property, when, on December 15, 1917, workmen began the 
 erection of a mammoth Red Cross sign board. 
 
 What was probably the most remarkable theatrical production ever given in Buffalo was the 
 all star performance of "Out There" given at the Majestic Theatre May 23d for the benefit of 
 the Red Cross. James How was Chairman of the special committee in charge and the cast included 
 George Arliss, George M. Cohan, Mrs. Fiske, Julia Arthur, James K. Hackett, Helen Ware, 
 James T. Powers, Beryl Mercer, O. P. Heggie, George MacFarlane, Eleanore de Cisneros, Burr 
 Mcintosh, Laurette Taylor, H. B. Warner and Chauncey Olcott. 
 
 De Wolf Hopper conducted the auction sale of seats, the first box going to W. A. Morgan at 
 a premium of one thousand dollars. The theatre was filled to overflowing and the net proceeds 
 were upwards of thirty-six thousand dollars. The auction of the autographed program netted 
 $13,800.00. 
 
 In October, 1918, arrangements were made by the War Department and Post Office Depart- 
 ment with the American Red Cross whereby the Red Cross was to furnish cartons to relatives 
 of men overseas, pack, inspect, wrap and seal them, and turn them over to the Post Office author- 
 ities to be shipped abroad in time for Christmas. Seymour P. White was appointed Chairman 
 for the Buffalo Chapter, and his committee consisted of seventy-seven women and thirty-two men 
 with headquarters in the Post Office Building. Each soldier was allowed only one package. The 
 main station sent out 7,992 parcels and the branches 2,900, making a total of 9,892, weighing 
 over twelve tons, from the territory under the jurisdiction of the Buffalo Chapter. 
 
 The Surgeon General of the Army, in September, 1918, requested the American Red Cross to 
 make a nation-wide survey of the nursing resources of the country. Hugo Brown took charge of 
 this survey for Buffalo. Its purpose was not enrollment for service, but to obtain a definite record 
 of all nurses, graduate or practical, mid wives, etc., who might be available in emergencies. 
 
 In the Buffalo Chapter 3,496 questionnaires were sent out. One thousand four hundred and 
 ninety were returned, sent to the Atlantic Division and accepted as complete. Four hundred 
 and fifty persons refused to fill out questionnaires, including 296 graduate and 154 practical 
 nurses. A portion of the expense of this survey was borne by the Tuberculosis Association. 
 
 The Buffalo Chapter has conducted three drives for used and surplus clothing for the suffering 
 civilians of Allied countries in Europe. The first campaign was made in March, 1918, under the 
 direction of Mrs. James L. Crane and Miss Bessie Vine. Clothing of all kinds, including shoes, 
 was asked for, to be shipped into occupied Belgium by the Hoover Commission. About 30 tons 
 were collected. The second drive during the week of September 23-30, 1918, was under the leader- 
 ship of Mrs. Harry Yates. Buffalo's allotment was 30 tons. This amount was in turn allotted to 
 the branches and auxiliaries, and so generous was the response that more than 48 tons, or nearly 
 one hundred thousand pieces, were forwarded to Hoboken. In addition to the clothing, thread, 
 needles, buttons and tape were sent in large quantities. In these two drives all metal buttons 
 
378 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Nurses of Base Hospital No. 23 
 
 Breakfast at the 20th Century Club on return of the nurses from overseas service 
 Mayor George S. Buck and Mrs. John Miller Horton were the hosts 
 
 had to be removed from garments and rubber soles and heels from shoes lest this material fall 
 into German hands. 
 
 The third drive took place the week of March 24-31, 1919, with Mrs. E. L. Thomas as local 
 Chairman. Headquarters were at 31 Church Street, with thirty-five Faxon Branch Stores as 
 collection centers. The total shipments were 49,020 lbs. of clothing and 14,800 lbs. of shoes, all 
 filling three freight cars. A part of the surplus stock of notions was included in the shipment. 
 
 With thousands of garments for the city hospitals and the military stations and scores of nurses 
 and nurses' aids the local Red Cross Chapter stood loyally behind Buffalo during the tense and 
 trying period of the influenza epidemic. A staff of nurses' aids was organized from the classes in 
 Home Nursing and were sent to hospitals, houses and health centers. A group of women and 
 girls who had taken the first aid course were sent out to assist, and laywomen and cooks were 
 distributed throughout the city to wash dishes and help with general housework in hospitals 
 and homes. Twenty graduate nurses, who in most instances had retired from active work, were 
 placed at Forts Niagara and Porter. 
 
 The Motor Corps was on duty twenty-four hours a day making ambulance calls for the hospitals 
 day and night; acting as nurses' aids and distributing publicity material for the Health Depart- 
 ment. Food for the hospitals and convalescent homes was supplied by the Canteen. 
 
 Through the Production Department about 4,000 articles were provided for the military sta- 
 tions in Buffalo and 5,969 to the city hospitals. This does not include the garments and other 
 supplies sent to private homes, the surgical dressings or the masks. Five hundred pneumonia 
 jackets were furnished and more than one hundred thousand masks. These were all supplied 
 without charge. 
 
 In the branches where there were few hospitals the work was of the most personal nature. 
 More than five hundred persons in the Buffalo Chapter will receive certificates of recognition 
 for special service rendered during the epidemic. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 379 
 
 One of the important functions of the Red Cross is that of supplying to the local military 
 hospitals and posts comforts of various kinds and such necessities as cannot be easily procured 
 by the commanding officers through governmental channels. 
 
 Eugene Girard and George P. Urban have been Red Cross Field Directors for Buffalo, and 
 through them the Buffalo Chapter has furnished sweaters, socks, pajamas, tooth paste and 
 brushes, mufflers, wristlets, helmets, gloves, shirts, abdominal binders, wash cloths, towels, hand- 
 kerchiefs, combs, razors, shaving brushes and soap, stamps, matches, cigarettes, pipes, tobacco, 
 arctics, Victrola needles, gauze, absorbent cotton, candy, white sweaters for nurses, stationery, 
 thimbles and other articles to Fort Porter, Marine Hospital, Motor Convoy, Curtiss Acceptance 
 Hospital and Chenango Barracks. This represents an expenditure of over twenty thousand 
 dollars. Christmas, 1918, trees and trimmings were provided and each man stationed in Buffalo 
 received a gift of candy and "smokes." More than 437 warm bathrobes were given to members 
 of motor convoys who were often forced to sleep in cold armories while driving trucks to the 
 coast. 
 
 Major Brownrigg, the commanding officer at Fort Porter, wrote to F. S. McGraw, Chairman of 
 the Buffalo Chapter, as follows: 
 
 "Buffalo, December 20, 1918. 
 
 "Much appreciation of the many helpers in Buffalo in the care of disabled soldiers from France has been in the 
 minds of all the officers at this Hospital. At this season and in behalf of these soldier patients, I wish to formally 
 acknowledge to you and, through you, the individual members of your Chapter, the ever ready help they have been 
 at all times, rain or shine, night or day, in this great and loyal work. 
 
 "Your funds have been spent in providing garments, comfort bags, smokes and toilet articles and the general 
 mental attitude of every one in your office and of those carrying out your orders has been not only bent on efficiency, 
 but so cheerfully co-operative and non-critical in mood that their efforts were doubly appreciated. 
 
 "We have many times had masses of patients to be moved beyond the abilities of our ambulance service. On these 
 many occasions your Motor Ambulance Service has practically made all the transfers between the hospitals and 
 the trains. This has necessitated the Motor Girls being up at night in inclement weather after previous duty on the 
 day before. Without doubt their cheerful efficiency has aided morale and avoided further sickness from delay in 
 cold weather. To the Motor Girls under the control of their capable Captain Spaulding, both for this work and for 
 the many pleasure rides they have given patients through the Summer, we wish to express our special thanks. 
 
 "I know, sir, of no instance since I came to Buffalo last January, when an opportunity for useful service here by 
 the Red Cross has been neglected or inefficiently performed; and while I know praise is not their object, this spon- 
 taneous and hearty acknowledgment of all their services is justly due and appreciatively tendered." 
 
 RED CROSS WILL CARRY ON 
 
 The work of the Red Cross is not finished. Its resources have been heavily taxed, since the 
 signing of the Armistice, to carry on relief work that was not seen in all its magnitude when the 
 War came to an end. The Old World needs the aid that has been made possible by the American 
 spirit. It must have the sympathy and support of the whole New World until the equilibrium 
 of things has been re-established. American Red Cross missions are located now in every country 
 where the enemy has brought misery, and the work which they have to perform is looming larger 
 and larger as the situation is brought under closer survey. The work must continue until the 
 need no longer exists. 
 
 In Buffalo, Home Service, Canteen and Production must continue for a long time to come. 
 The Motor Corps will be permanent. The preliminaries are now well under way in connection 
 with the movement to co-ordinate the activities of the Red Cross Societies of the world and extend 
 their operations so as to afford the maximum of relief to afflicted mankind and reduce the ravages 
 of disease to the minimum. 
 
 In this permanent peace program the Department of Nursing Activities and the Junior Red 
 Cross will play a prominent part. 
 
380 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER XCIX 
 BOY SCOUTS LEND A HELPING HAND 
 
 WHEN war was officially declared against Germany by the United States the largest organ- 
 ized force in existence at the time in this country was the Boy Scouts of America. The 
 membership of that organization reached a greater total than the combined numbers of 
 the regular army and navy. The Scout membership was very close to the half million mark. That 
 meant almost 500,000 eager, patriotic, energetic and trained boys in whom had been instilled the 
 theory and practice of service. 
 
 The part that the Buffalo Scouts took in the war was no small one. They were immediately 
 organized upon the declaration of war into "an army behind the lines." Definite plans were 
 outlined and the Scouts put aside their regular Scout program in the interests of promoting city 
 war work. A few of the things that Buffalo Scouts accomplished can be told, but the great, com- 
 plete story of their service will never be known. For all through the long, weary months while 
 America was prosecuting her remonstrance against Hunism, more than 3,000 Buffalo boys, wear- 
 ing the uniform of Boy Scouts, were ever and always on the alert for every possible kind of ser- 
 vice they could render. Much of this was individual work, volunteer service on the part of lone 
 Scouts who never lost an opportunity to take a hand where and when service was needed. 
 
 Doubtless no greater work was done by the Scouts as a unit than in the various Liberty Loans. 
 In each of the loan drives Buffalo Scouts had a very definite and distinct place. The manner in 
 which they carried on their work and the results obtained attested probably more than any 
 other one thing the value of the organization to the community and the country. In the first 
 four Loans the Scouts of Buffalo sold bonds to a total of $2,012,600. The Scouts worked in the 
 Victory Loan also, but the amount sold had not been compiled up to the time of going to press. 
 It was estimated at more than $500,000. 
 
 In every drive but the fourth the Scouts acted as "gleaners after the reapers." They sold 
 bonds only the last week of the drive, endeavoring to scout out the persons who had been over- 
 looked in the big drive, thus selling thousands of bonds that would not otherwise have been 
 sold. In the third loan campaign one Scout hired a boat, rowed out in the harbor and sold 15 
 bonds to men who were working on the dredges. In the fourth drive the Scouts worked all through 
 the period. 
 
 The Scouts did a signal piece of work in the Fourth Loan drive. They delivered loan literature 
 at every home in the city from 5 to 7 o'clock the morning of the opening of the drive. During 
 the last three days of this drive the Scouts also delivered 10,000 letters to a select list of men 
 and women in the city. These letters were from loan workers and requested those addressed to 
 "buy one more bond." The result of this letter campaign was very gratifying. 
 
 G. Barrett Rich, Jr., was Chairman of the Scout committee of the various loans. He was city 
 Scout Commissioner. William H. Walker, Jr., President of the Buffalo Scout Council, was Vice 
 Chairman. The committee follows: D. F. Aitkin, R. T. Baldwin, Marcus Barmon, C. S. Bradley, 
 Walter L. Brown, W. W. Brundage, Scout executive; Henry Adsit Bull, A. E. Clark, George C. 
 Diehl, George E. Dorland, Frank W. Fiske, Jr., W. B. King, A. D. McKee, R. Montgomery 
 and Sherwood C. Moss. Harry Shoemaker was active director for the Scouts of the first three 
 loans and Ray Baldwin had charge of the work of the Scouts the last two drives. 
 
 On January 25th, Mr. Rich offered to the War Savings Stamps committee the services of the 
 Scouting organization. The Scouts then took up actively the sale of War "Savies." In a little 
 less than one year the Scouts sold a total of $256,679 in War Savings Stamps. They conducted 
 various special drives during the year and altogether did a splendid piece of work for the Govern^ 
 ment. Again in this work the Treasury Department recognized the value of the Scout service and 
 another medal was struck off, known as the Ace medal. This medal was awarded to Scouts 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 381 
 
 selling $250 worth of stamps, 
 Scouts who won these medals 
 
 Jack Abel 
 Erwin Adams 
 Isaac Arnold 
 Merle Austin 
 Arthur Baird 
 Millard Banks 
 Richard Barmon 
 Clyde J. Bauer 
 Elbert Bennett 
 Russell Bennett 
 Charles W. Blackmore 
 Fritz Berkhoudt 
 Leonard Block 
 Robert Bollman 
 Willis Bollman 
 Clinton Bradley 
 Sheldon Bristow 
 Fred Bremer 
 Henry Brock 
 Harris T. Brown 
 0. H. Bulgreen 
 Frederick Charlton 
 Palmer Clarkson 
 Tremaine Conkling 
 Robert Dawe 
 Dwight Dexter 
 Conrad Diehl 
 Ashley Dobbins 
 Albert W. Dold 
 Edward Dold 
 Fred Dorris 
 J. B. Drake 
 Frank Dudley 
 Edwin Elwell, Jr. 
 Frederick Field 
 Max Field 
 Lloyd Fink 
 Lawrence Forman 
 Norton Forgie 
 Fred Fornes 
 Paul Foss 
 Joseph Freeman 
 Henry George 
 Wilbur Graf 
 Edward Guthrie 
 
 sales being made to at least twenty-five 
 follow: 
 
 ACE MEDAL WINNERS 
 
 Warren Godfrey 
 
 M. R. Gutman 
 
 Alan Hays 
 
 George Held 
 
 George Hodge 
 
 Edward Howard 
 
 Walter Huthman 
 
 Franklin Huber 
 
 Edgar Hummel 
 
 Lewis Jenkins 
 
 Alton Jacobs 
 
 Gerald Jacobs 
 
 Alfred Jones 
 
 William Jones 
 
 Emil Keller 
 
 Paul King 
 
 Ralph King 
 
 George Kirby 
 
 George Knight 
 
 Peter Kohl 
 
 Fred Kratz 
 
 J. B. Krzyzykowski 
 
 Philip Kuhn 
 
 Ray Kurtz 
 
 A. Lambke 
 
 John Larisch 
 
 Sidney Little 
 
 S. Warren Maxson 
 
 John Martin 
 
 Irving McElvein 
 
 A. Messersmith 
 
 Henry Meyers 
 
 W. L. Morey 
 
 John Moreland 
 
 Charles Mullett 
 
 Louis Murstein 
 
 Floyd Nessler 
 
 Harwood S. Nichols Jr. 
 
 Winston Parker 
 
 Arthur Pautler 
 
 Edwin Phillips 
 
 Samuel Phillips 
 
 Walter Pomeroy 
 
 Russell Porter 
 
 Robert Reed 
 
 diflferent persons. Buffalo 
 
 Albert Reinhardt 
 Fred Rice 
 
 Norman Richardson 
 George Richter 
 Albert Roberts 
 R. H. Rosche 
 Harold Ruslander 
 Richard Ruslander 
 Norman Sanders 
 John Satterfield 
 Karl Sauerwein 
 David Schlossman 
 Lester Schulman 
 Dr. Edward Schwartz 
 Edward Schwartz 
 Arthur Schweikhart 
 James Seatter 
 Randolph Seidenberg 
 John Shields 
 George Shorts 
 John Slack 
 Charles Smith 
 Harold Stahl 
 Raymond Stark 
 Winfred Steen 
 Nelson Stevenson 
 Stanley Tiffany 
 Fred Tonnes 
 William Troup 
 Roswell Turk 
 Henry Twardzik 
 Burwell Tyler 
 J. G. Ullman Jr. 
 Elliott Vetter 
 Almon Volk 
 George Wagner 
 Charles White 
 Richard Wile 
 Hoyt Williams 
 J. Ralph Williams 
 E. E. Wischman 
 Raymond Wright 
 G. H. Yeates 
 
 In addition to the Government awards a local award was made by Mrs. John M. Satterfield. This 
 was known as the Satterfield trophy and went each month during the year of the drive to the troop 
 standing highest the preceding month in stamp sales. At the end of the year the trophy went to the 
 troop winning it the greatest number of times during the year. Troop No. 59 won this trophy with total 
 sales of $68,144.25. Of this amount $11, 883 was procured by Paul King, who was mentioned in aWash- 
 ington dispatch as being third highest in the United States in individual sale of bondsby BoyScouts. 
 
 The U. S. Food Commission issued special gardening medals to the Scouts who did particularly 
 fine work in connection with the cultivation of vacant lot plots; Lear J. Button, George William- 
 son, Ralph Robinson, Albert W. Dold, Wilbur E. Hoag, Paul B. King, G. H. Yeates, Scoutmaster; 
 C. R. Blackmore received medals. 
 
382 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Wreckage of Plane in Which Bufifalo Boy Was Seriously Hurt 
 
 On the tenth of October, 1918, the plane left Thiaucourt field to observe for American infantry, when motor stalled and threw plane into 
 tail-spin (just after leaving the field). Plane fell between five hundred and seven hundred feet, hitting the ground nose down instantly killing 
 the pilot, Lieutenant Leonard, (a New England lad), and seriously injuring the observer, Lieutenant Harold Honhart of Buffalo, formerly an 
 officer of the 106th F. A., N. G. 
 
 In their war work the Scouts adopted the slogan "every Scout to feed a soldier." 
 
 When the Government found that peach pits, shells of nuts and like materials could be used 
 in the manufacture of gas masks for American soldiers in the trench warfare the Scouts were 
 again turned to as being the best equipped organization to help in procuring these things. Buffalo 
 Scouts entered heartily into this work and collected a great many tons of material which was 
 shipped to government manufacturing centers. The Scouts were also called upon by the Pres- 
 ident to canvass the United States in search for black walnut trees. The lumber of these trees 
 was needed for aeroplane propellers and gun stocks. Again the Buffalo Scouts did their part. 
 They located thousands of feet of black walnut in outljdng districts and sent in their report on 
 the trees to the United States department of forestry. 
 
 In the United War Work campaign which was conducted to raise money for the seven welfare 
 organizations working in the camps over here and with the troops overseas, the Scouts took a 
 very active part. 
 
 Another work done by Buffalo Scouts that was greatly appreciated was that rendered in con- 
 nection with the American Library Association's campaign for books for the soldiers. The Scouts 
 canvassed the city and brought in thousands of fine books which were forwarded to the men in 
 the camps to while away their rest hours. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 383 
 
 CHAPTER C 
 
 Y. M. C. A. AND KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS CANTEENS- 
 TRAINING CAMP ASSOCIATION 
 
 EARLY in 1918 when the need for a Men's Club for returning service men began to manifest 
 itself, the Knights of Columbus established a service club at the corner of Main and Tupper 
 Streets. The old Lang Homestead at that point, one time numbered among the man- 
 sions of Buffalo, through the kindness of Jacob Gerhard Lang was turned over to the Knights of 
 Columbus for that patriotic purpose. Charles Thomas was put in charge of the work by the 
 National Council Knights of Columbus and, with the assistance of John F. Cochrane and other 
 local knights, soon put the building and its surroundings on a very attractive plane. During the 
 remaining period of the war, throughout the season of home-comings and celebration, and then for 
 months afterwards the service club proved to be a mighty interesting place. Thousands of men 
 were served with meals and various supplies without charge. They were furnished also with a 
 great deal of entertainment and proper instruction. All in all, the old Lang Homestead served a 
 very useful purpose through the generosity of the owner and the courtesy of the Knights of 
 Columbus, and will be remembered by the soldier boys in years to come. 
 
 The Military Training Camps Association started its work in Buffalo the early part of August, 
 1918, the Committee being: William A. Douglas, C. A. Chairman; Charles M. Ransom, Secre- 
 tary; Seymour P. White, Warren W. Smith, Major J. B. Fowler, Howard Laverack, James W. 
 Persons, John F. Cochrane, Edwin L. Dolson, Carlton M. Smith, E. D. McCarthy, Jesse C. 
 Dann, John W. Cowper, George H. Chisholm. 
 
 Officers of the Polish Legion 
 Group on City Hall steps reviewing Polish volunteers 
 
384 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 The work was at first carried on in Mr. Douglas' oflftce in the Ellicott Square building. A call 
 came for more men to enter the Officers' Training Schools, and on September 30th an office was 
 opened at 213 Ellicott Square and as much publicity given as was possible at this time. 
 
 Mr. Douglas received his appointment as Civilian Aide to the Adjutant General, and he with 
 Mr. Ransom gave their services, being in the office from half after nine until five daily, receiv- 
 ing men who were anxious to become applicants to the various Central Officers' Training Schools. 
 In this work they were assisted by Mrs. Albert E. Clark. Very frequently they would inter- 
 view from two to three hundred men in a day. The Committee also bore the entire expenses 
 connected with this work, and gave their own time without compensation. 
 
 Applicants were received for the Central Officers' Training Schools at Camp Zachary Taylor, 
 Kentucky, Field Artillery, and for the Central Officers' Training School at Fort Monroe, Va., 
 Coast Artillery. When the applicant filed his application questionnaires were sent out for refer- 
 ence. When all papers were complete the applicant was notified to appear before the Committee 
 for examination. The members of the Committee were all faithful workers and examinations 
 were often held three times a week, eight or nine applicants being called for examination on a 
 given day and each man examined privately. 
 
 The first of November Captain Burrows Matthews was sent to Buffalo from Camp Upton to 
 receive applicants for the new Infantry Officers' Training School to be opened at Camp Fremont, 
 California. Mr. Douglas and Mr. Ransom invited Captain Matthews to share the office at 213 
 Ellicott Square, where he received several hundred men who desired to make application for this 
 new Camp. The work at the office increased and volunteer workers gave their services. Mrs. 
 Burrows Matthews assisted every day during this drive and Miss Esther Brennisen the first few 
 days. About this time word was received that applications were to be taken for the Staff Corps. 
 Publicity was given this announcement and the office was deluged with applicants. 
 
 The following men were successful applicants for the Central Officers' Training School at Camp 
 Zachary Taylor, Kentucky: 
 
 Nathan Everett Aldrich, Fredonia; Howard A. Baltzer, Hamburg, N. Y.; James L. Blackmer, Penhurst Park; 
 William Julius Cusack, 363 Lafayette Avenue; Henry H. Caldwell, 483 Crescent Avenue; Lyman M. Bass, Buffalo, 
 N. Y.; Frank T. Barry, Smethport; William M. Crandall, 24 Mentz Apartments, Niagara Falls; Charles M. Carson, 
 45 W. Mohawk Street; Edwin Wells Conklin, 28 Tillinghast Place; James R. Coole, Buffalo, N. Y.; Brayton West- 
 cott Castle, 148 University Avenue; David C. Foss, 98 Briggs Avenue; Nathaniel R. Hall, 106 Soldiers Place; 
 Kevin Killeen, 834 W. Delavan Avenue; Martin Kuhne, 263 Highland Avenue; Francis E. Leeds, 60 Anderson 
 Place; Leslie P. McDougal, 845 Potomac Avenue; Richard Leach Mann, 37 Allen Street; Robert Dempster Mason, 
 85 Vernon Place; George W. Nachtrieb, 2050 N. Elmwood Avenue; William G. Pennypacker, 188 Bidwell Park- 
 way; John Joseph Quigley, 199 Anderson Place; F. W. Silverthorne, 321 Woodbridge Avenue; Richard P. Sears, 
 144 Clermont Avenue; Nelson S. Taylor, 1119 Delaware Avenue; Fred William Thomas, 72 Henrietta Avenue; 
 Louis Rice Witt, 805 16th Street, Niagara Falls; Peter W. Cuviello, Buffalo, N. Y.; Roland Forsyth, 225 Summer 
 Street; Lawrence Wakeman Griswold, Batavia; Cleveland E. Jauch, 677 W. Ferry Street; Kingsley Kunhardt, 
 23 North Street; Karl Kipp, Grove Street, East Aurora; Arthur Ernest Lumsden, 317 Jersey Street; Howard Wil- 
 liam Morey, 109 Ashland Avenue; Charles E. Morrison, Pittsburgh; Arthur L. Maxon, 1202 West Avenue; Harry 
 Paige Pierce, 269 Summer Street; W. C. Paull, 7 Otis Place; W. W. Roach, 430 Delaware Avenue; Harmon Joseph 
 Smith, 200 Porter Avenue; Ansley W. Sawyer, Buffalo; Jack Tuckler, Canaseraga, N. Y.; Robert J. Wilson, 162 
 Vermont Street. 
 
 The following men were successful applicants for the Coast Artillery Central Officers' Training 
 School at Fort Monroe, Va. : 
 
 Robert J. Breslin, 343 Pennsylvania Street, Buffalo, N. Y.; Burt C. Hayes, 162 Knowlton Avenue, Kenmore, 
 N. Y.; Wm. John Dugan, Pierce Avenue, Hamburg, N. Y. 
 
 About two hundred applications for the Staff Corps were filed but were not completed when 
 the Armistice was signed. 
 
 On June 20th Mrs. Louise Slade of New York, Chairman National War Work Council, 
 Women's Overseas Section, Y. M. C. A., came to Buffalo to establish a headquarters for West- 
 ern New York to obtain recruits for overseas canteen work. A meeting was held at the home 
 of Mrs. A. E. Hedstrom and the following committee appointed: 
 
BuFFAi.o's Part in the World War 385 
 
 Mrs. Arthur E. Hedstrom Chairman; Mrs. Walter P. Cooke, Chairman Interviewing Committee; Mrs. John W. 
 Cowper, Mrs. S. M. Clement, Mrs. William H. Crosby, Mrs. Cameron J. Davis, Mrs. J. C. Dold, Mrs. Clifford 
 Hubbell, Mrs. George B. Montgomery, Mrs. H. E. Montgomery, Mrs. Lewis A. Rogers, Mrs. William W. Smith, 
 Mrs. John M. Satterfield, Dr. Carro Croff, Mrs. C. C. Ogden, Mrs. Sterling Deans, Miss May Sickmon, Mrs. Shep- 
 ard Kimberly, Mrs. Seth Spencer, Mrs. E. H. Butler, Mrs. James Putnam. 
 
 Headquarters was established in the Y. M. C. A. with Mrs. Andrew Murdison, Recruiting 
 Secretary and Mrs. E. F. Howell, Executive Secretary. Headquarters was opened in June, 1918, 
 and closed December 30th, 1918. 
 
 Sub-committees were appointed in various cities in the western end of the State and these 
 sub-committees reported to the Buffalo Committee. An interviewing committee met twice a 
 week to pass upon candidates secured by the Recruiting Committee. The decision of this com- 
 mittee was final. One hundred and forty-one candidates were accepted, among them the follow- 
 ing Buffalo and Erie County girls: 
 
 Miss Anna L. Cowan, Miss Helen P. Estee, Miss Elsie R. Gazlay, Miss Henrietta W. Penney, Mrs. Josephine M. 
 Woodford, Miss Florence W. Roginson, Miss Lydia Board, Miss Mabel C. Baker, Miss Edith W. Bicker, Miss 
 Charlotte L. Kreinheder, Miss Henrietta C. Hegel, Miss Irene J. Graham, Miss Florence Oberist, Miss Olive Williams, 
 Miss Harriet A. Beach, Miss Grace E. Bird, Miss M. Clarine Bonnar, Miss Gertrude E. Selkirk, Miss Camilla Van 
 Duzen, Miss Viola Burt, Miss Frances C. Blackney, Miss Blanche S. Kilgove, Miss Esther G. Shuttleworth, Miss 
 Mildred Severance, Miss Marion Chase, Miss Kittle Kunz. 
 
386 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 DAYLIGHT SAVING PROCLAMATION 
 
 O' 
 
 March 29, 1918 
 NE of the measures which iviJl help win the war 
 is the Daylight Saving Law, tvhich will go into 
 operation on the morning of Sunday, the 31st of 
 March. It has usually been called the "Daylight Saving 
 Bill." It will help to win the war, because it will save 
 electric power and oil and fuel, all of which are very pre- 
 cious commodities at this time. It is expected that this 
 saving throughout the United States, measured in money, 
 will be not less than $W, 000, 000. 00. 
 
 This new law is also a humane measure, because it will 
 improve the public health. It is now light until about seven 
 o'clock. When this law goes into effect and the clocks are 
 set forward it will be light until eight o'clock. This means 
 that our people will live more out of doors in the evenings. 
 There ivill be more baseball, more cultivation of gardens, 
 more life in the open in many ways. The effect of length- 
 ening our daylight must be an aid to the health, enjoy- 
 ment and prosperity of our people. 
 
 It has been brought to my notice that some employers 
 are considering lengthening the working day, because there 
 will be another hour of daylight. If that is done generally 
 the purpose of the law will be defeated. Let me, therefore, 
 appeal to the public to give the Daylight Saving Law a 
 fair trial by observing both its letter and its spirit. From 
 experience in other countries there is no doubt but that if 
 we do this the change in time will prove a very popular 
 
 measure. 
 
 George S. Buck 
 
 Mayor 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 387 
 
 CHAPTER CI 
 THE UNITED STATES GRAIN CORPORATION 
 
 ONE war activity in Buffalo with which the general public did not become familiar was 
 an activity the existence of which might have remained behind the curtain for all time 
 save for the necessity which compelled the purchase of flour substitutes. These occasioned 
 more profanity during the period of the war than did any other commodity. But the general 
 public knew not whence they came and accordingly did not blame them on the Food Adminis- 
 tration Grain Corporation. Fifteen men, scattered throughout the United States, handled the 
 entire grain problem for this country, and they did it wisely and gratuitously. It was difficult 
 for people other than those raising grain, or grain brokers, millers, maltsters or those engaged 
 in the manufacture of cereals to grasp either the importance or the magnitude of the task which 
 fell to the grain administrators of the Government. 
 
 Under an Act of Congress approved August 10, 1917, entitled "An Act to Provide for the 
 National Security and Defense by Encouraging the Production, Conserving the Supply and 
 Controlling the Distribution of Food Products and Fuel," the Grain Corporation came into 
 being. The Act authorized President Wilson to create and use any agency necessary to carry 
 out its provision, and the President directed the organization of a corporation to be known as 
 the Food Administration Grain Corporation with a capital stock of 500,000 shares at the par 
 value of $100 each, all of the stock to be purchased and owned by the United States of America. 
 Like our warships, it carried at its masthead the Stars and Stripes. 
 
 This new and unusual organization was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware, 
 and its principal office was located in the City of New York. Food Administrator Hoover as 
 general head of all war food agencies was authorized to establish branch offices throughout the 
 country to faciUtate the administration of the law. And for convenience, not only in administra- 
 tion, but in maintaining the Government price of wheat guaranteed to the farmer, the United 
 States was divided into fourteen districts or zones, each zone in charge of a vice-president selected 
 for his knowledge of the grain business. The zone managers volunteered their services and gave 
 their entire time and attention to the work during the period of the war. It was a vast under- 
 taking, requiring thoroughly reliable and skilled men in grain production and distribution, and 
 in order that injustices, discriminations might not follow, the administrators, in addition to know- 
 ing their business, had to have the courage to discharge their duties fearlessly. An arduous duty 
 as well as a distinction came to the men selected for the task. 
 
 Buffalo became the headquarters of Zone No. 13. That Zone included all of the State of New 
 York outside of the City of Greater New York. At the earnest solicition of Mr. Hoover and of 
 Julius H. Barnes, first Vice-President, Charles Kennedy of Charles Kennedy & Company, Cham- 
 ber of Commerce, became a Vice-President and Manager of the Zone having its headquarters in 
 Buffalo. 
 
 The wheat crop of 1917 was a short crop. Toward the end of the year many of the large flour 
 mills in Buffalo were compelled to shut down for lack of a wheat supply. By reason of the short 
 crop and to conserve the supply it became necessary for the Grain Corporation to limit all flour 
 millers to 90 per cent of the average quantity of wheat used by them, based on their consump- 
 tion for the years of 1914, 1915 and 1916. All mills in the zone were required to requisition their 
 supplies through the Buffalo office, both for hard or spring wheat and for soft or winter wheat. 
 To handle the vast business which passed through the Buffalo office necessitated the organiza- 
 tion of a staff of efficient men and women working under the direction of the Zone Manager. 
 Mr. Kennedy selected Edgar S. Black as his chief assistant; James A. Stevenson was named 
 Manager of the storage and elevator department; Daniel L. Sprissler, Manager transportation 
 department, while George H. Fullerton was appointed office Manager. An office staff of 25 
 
388 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 General Roop of Russian Commission, Guest of Mayor Fuhrmann on Trip Around City. 
 
 accountants, clerks and stenographers were chosen from among the best m the city, and an or- 
 ganization was perfected which, in the final analysis, achieved a most creditable record, and 
 brought enviable distinction to Buffalo. 
 
 In order to distribute the 1917 crop equitably, the Buffalo office purchased outright and resold 
 to July 1, 1918, the end of the crop year, 24,191,197 bushels of grain with a value of $54,339,666.74. 
 In order that the coming year might not find a repetition of the 1917 shortage, and to conserve 
 productive land, the Buffalo office inaugurated a campaign through New York State to induce 
 farmers to sow spring wheat. The office secured and distributed spring wheat to the amount of 
 155,363 bushels. It was creditably reported that 500,000 acres more than in 1917 were under 
 cultivation in 1918. The number of mills and elevators in the zone having its headquarters in 
 Buffalo was 611, and each of these was obliged to make a weekly report of its operations at the 
 Buffalo office. 
 
 Under governmental orders the lake grain carriers were mobilized and placed under the super- 
 vision of the Grain Administration, with authority to direct loading, unloading, elevation at 
 Buffalo or other ports, and forwarding to the seaboard. The Buffalo office appointed Charles H. 
 Williamson as its port representative, and under his supervision the perennial congestion of the 
 Buffalo harbor at the close of navigation was entirely avoided. 
 
 The year of 1918 brought a very substantial increase in the grain supply. Due to the size of 
 the crop all restrictions as to the amount to be purchased, sold, or ground were removed from 
 mills and elevators and the Grain Corporation was empowered to purchase and store grain to 
 provide against a possible shortage in the 1919 crop, and also to purchase and ship grain for 
 export to our allies in the war, to neutral nations and for relief work. Up to January 1, 1919, 
 those transactions totaled 57,812,189 bushels of grain divided as follows: Wheat 47,236,402 
 bushels; Rye, 7,926,122 bushels; Barley 2,649,635 bushels. 
 
 At that time there had been shipped for export 26,332,668 bushels of wheat, 4,186,498 bushels 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 389 
 
 of rye; 2,649,635 bushels of barley, leaving on hand 20,903,764 bushels of wheat and 3,739,624 
 bushels of rye, all of which was shipped to seaboard for export by April 1st. 
 
 To handle that amount of grain, it was necessary to add to the storage space in Buffalo, and 
 the Grain Corporation arranged for winter storage in vessels. In all 117 boats, the largest fleet in 
 the history of the city, were lying behind the breakwater loaded with grain through the winter 
 of 1918-1919. 
 
 In addition to the above activities, the Buffalo office was responsible for the administration 
 of the rules covering the guaranteed price of wheat, permissible profits of mills, elevators and 
 dealers in grain, flour and grain products, and in controlling and directing all rail shipments of 
 food commodities moving through Buffalo. 
 
390 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER CII 
 WHAT WE PAID FOR HEAT, FOOD, AND CLOTHING 
 
 W; 
 
 'ITH the advent of the food and fuel administrators came conservation, but came, also, 
 the pinch of deprivation. Prices began to mount higher and higher; not because of the 
 conservation orders, but in step with them. We learned that America had other mouths 
 to feed and other bodies to clothe. And the amount of production had been curtailed. Sugar 
 was going to the soldiers. Flour was headed in the same direction. Manufacturers were engaged 
 in war production enterprises and the supply of clothing grew scant. Wool disappeared from the 
 clothing shops, and the garments of 1917 and 1918 and of 1919, as well, were of light, shabby 
 material — nothing strong about them save the price. 
 
 Every Buffalo home began to feel, in some measure, the price of the war at home. As yet 
 they had not realized fully the price the boys overseas were going to pay. Departments of the 
 city government encountered curtailed supplies. Construction work was stopped. City bonds, 
 by Government request, were out of the market; municipalities were not to raise money save 
 through their ordinary sources of taxation. As the situation grew more pressing, city officials 
 found it necessary to move for relief. For example, early in January, 1918, Councilman John 
 F. Malone offered the following resolution in the Council: 
 
 Whereas, It appears from the public press and other authentic sources, that Federal Fuel Administrator Garfield 
 has issued orders diverting from Buffalo to New England more than 80 per cent of the city's bituminous coal supply, 
 the effect of which will be to shut down the City Water Works, suspend operations of the munition plants in Buffalo, 
 close the Buffalo General Electric Company's Steam Plant on the River road, leaving the hospitals and many of the 
 schools without coal, plunging the city into extreme danger from fire, and causing untold sufiFering among the people 
 of the city. 
 
 Resolved, That the Council of the City of Buffalo hereby protest against such order of the Federal Fuel Adminis- 
 trator, and urges that such order be immediately rescinded, and 
 
 Be it further resolved that the City Clerk be and is hereby directed to notify the Federal Fuel Administrator at 
 once by wire and by letter of the adoption of the resolution. 
 
 A few days later Health Commissioner Fronczak, afterwards Major Fronczak, U. S. A., sent 
 a communication to the Council which is impressive evidence of the effect of the sugar short- 
 age: 
 
 January 8, 1918. 
 
 The following is forwarded for transmission to the Council for approval of my action. 
 
 War conditions during the past few months determined, among other food shortage, that of sugar — a commodity 
 essential for the needs of the body and cogently so in the case of infants and children. 
 
 Early in the shortage, through the Department's activities, it was learned that among the poorer class, there were 
 many families with infants and children who could not obtain this essential, and it was apparent that if some relief 
 was not afforded that hundreds of children would lose weight, become cases of malnutrition with its attending evils 
 and have increased liability to intercurrent disease. 
 
 In view of the facts, and to relieve the situation and anticipated consequences, the Department after considerable 
 difficulty, finally succeeded in purchasing a supply of 2,600 pounds through the public spirited attitude of the whole- 
 sale grocery firm of Granger & Company. 
 
 In addition to the above, the Department was called on by several hospitals to obtain a supply of sugar for their 
 immediate need, which was done without any cost to the city. 
 
 F. E. Fronczak, 
 
 Health Commissioner. 
 
 Similar communications relative to general city supplies were forwarded to the Council 
 from various sources. The conditions were met as they arose, and wherever relief could 
 be afforded it was granted. Commissioner Arthur W. Kreinheder of the Department of 
 Public Works, on whose shoulders rested the responsibility of keeping fuel on hand to 
 operate the Water Works, naturally found himself confronted with the most difficult 
 
 I 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 391 
 
 task.* Chief McConnell needed additional men to man the Fire Department apparatus. But 
 of what account were the apparatus or the men without a water supply system? Other depart- 
 ments might have pressing problems, but the Kreinheder job was a critical one. Like all other 
 war problems, however, it was mastered, and the community came through the struggle with- 
 out unnecessary deprivation or any great amount of suffering. 
 
 Interesting comparisons were made of the cost of supplies in the year immediately preceding 
 the war and prices in the year of 1918 when the war had reached its height. The prices here set 
 forth are conservative. In some localities goods sold higher than in others. A fair average is this. 
 
 The price of meats as customers picked up their packages over the butcher shop counter were: 
 
 Article Quantity 1914 1916 1918 
 
 Sirloin Steak per pound 17 26 40 
 
 Round Steak per pound 15 24 39 
 
 Rib Roast (bone in) per pound 13 18 31 
 
 Chuck Roast (bone in) per pound 11 15 27 
 
 Pork Chops (loin) per pound 22 27 46 
 
 Bacon (sliced) per pound 21 23 48 
 
 Ham (smoked, sliced) per pound 25 32 47 
 
 Leg of Mutton (yearling) per pound 14 16 28 
 
 Lard per pound 14 18 35 
 
 Butter (creamery print) per pound 32 42 75 
 
 The cost of groceries to the housewife before the war and during the war was as follows: 
 
 Article Quantity 1914 1918 
 
 Flour 1-8 barrel $1 .10 $1 . 58 
 
 Navy Beans per pound .07 .13 
 
 Sugar per pound .05?/^ W\i 
 
 Coffee per pound .22 .35 
 
 Tea per pound .35 .60 
 
 Butter per pound .37 .66 
 
 Eggs per dozen .40 .70 
 
 COMPARISON OF RETAIL PRICES 1914 AND 1918 
 Women's Wearing Apparel 
 
 Article 1914 1918 Article 1914 1918 
 
 Wool Suits $25.00 $35.00 Kid and Calf Shoes $2.50 $6.00 
 
 Wool Coats 19.75 35.00 Kid and Calf Shoes 3.00 6.50 
 
 *On April 11, 1917, Commissioner Kreinheder sent a communication to the Council stating that he was unable to get satisfactory bids for coal 
 for the Pumping Stations. At that time there were but two bidders, the Valley Camp Coal Company of Cleveland, Ohio, at $4.72 per net ton, 
 and the Frick Coal & Coke Company of Buffalo at $5.88 per net ton. The low bid of $4.72 was $2.50 above the bid of the company for coal sup- 
 plies from May 1, 1916 to May 1, 1917, and the Commissioner stated that the increase, even in view of the abnormal conditions then confronting 
 the country, seemed unwarranted. He estimated the consumption of coal at these Stations between 60,000 and 70,000 tons, and the increase in 
 price over the price for the year before meant an increase in the coal bill for the year 1917-1918 of approximately $160,000, if the low bid were 
 accepted. He, therefore, recommended that the bids be rejected and the Department be given authority to purchase coal in the open market 
 during the months of May, June and July, or until market conditions warranted re-advertising for the year's supply. He also recommended that 
 he be authorized to temporarily employ whatever assistance might be necessary to purchase the coal. Authority was promptly granted him by 
 the Council, and he went ahead and sent a man down to the coal mines and bought coal and had it shipped to Buffalo and delivered at the Pump- 
 ing Stations at lower prices than were obtained in advertising for bids. 
 
 Up to July 7, 1917, the Department purchased 12,665 tons of coal at an average cost of $4.38[%per ton, which included all expenses of what- 
 ever nature. This made a saving to the City of July 7th of 38 il, cents per ton, or a total of $4,280.77. 
 
 A further contract was made for 14,000 tons of coal at the mines at a price of $3.10 per ton plus $1.25 freight rate, which made an additional 
 saving of $5,180.00, making a total saving of $9,460.77. 
 
 Conditions in the coal business were then still unsettled, and the Commissioner did not deem it a suitable time to advertise for coal and obligate 
 the City for any extended period. He again recommended that he be granted authority to purchase coal in the open market, and this recom- 
 mendation was adopted. 
 
 On December 5, 1917, the Commissioner sent another communication to the Council in which he stated that from May 1, 1917, to December 
 1, 1917, there was supplied to the Pumping Stations 36,579 tons of coal at an average price, including expense of purchasing and arranging ship- 
 ment, of $4.49 per ton, the lowest bid for a year's supply on May 1, 1917, being $4.72 per ton. A saving was made of 23 cents per ton on this 
 tonnage amounting to $8,413.17. 
 
 The Beech Flats Coal Company of Wheeling, West Virginia, furnished 21,193 tons of this coal, and the Commissioner had a man at the mines 
 virtually all the time to see that the coal was gotten out and shipped to Buffalo as promptly as possible. 'There were many times when vexa- 
 tious delays occurred in shipments, and had it not been for the foresight of the Commissioner in having a man at the mines the City would have 
 had to close down one of the Pumping Stations on a number of days when the coal supply was very short. 
 
 The situation became so critical during the severe weather of the winter 1917-1918 that it became necessary to go out and confiscate coal from 
 the railroads and borrow it from some manufacturers in order to supply the Stations while shipments were on the road. The Commissioner took 
 up the matter with the United States Fuel Administrator at Washington, and after persistent and aggressive action, finally succeeded in getting relief. 
 
 At a conference of the Industrial Committee of the Chamber of Commerce, James R. Barnett, Vice-President of the Pittsburgh and Shawmut 
 Coal Company offered to furnish coal to the Pumping Stations provided the City would get the cars. Commissioner Kreinheder immediately ap- 
 pealed to Mr. F. D. Underwood, President of the Erie Railroad for cars, and Mr. Underwood at once placed instructions with his officials that 
 cars be supplied not only for the needs at that time, but also for future requirements. While delays ensued even after this, and the Commissioner 
 was compelled to write several letters of protest, the coal finally came through, and the people of Buffalo were saved from a water famine during 
 the very severe weather of January, February and March, 1918. 
 
 The Pittsburgh & Shawmut Coal Company furnished the Department with coal at the Government prices. Slack, $2.35 per ton. Run of 
 mine, $2.60 per ton. Screened nut and % lump, $2.85 per ton, f. o. b. mines plus the freight rate of $1.25 per ton, and freight rate war tax of 
 three per cent. This resulted in a saving of 72 cents per ton on an estimated consumption of 30,000 tons, amounting to $21,600 up to May 1, 1918. 
 
HI 
 
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Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 393 
 
 Women's Wearing Apparel— Con. 
 
 Article 
 
 Wool Dress 25 
 
 Wool Skirts 12 
 
 Cotton Waist . . . 
 Silk Waist .... 
 Cotton Petticoat 
 Silk Petticoat . . 
 Cotton House Dress 
 Velvet Hats . . . 
 Straw Hats . . . 
 
 Silk Hose 
 
 Cotton Hose . . . 
 Cotton Gloves . . 
 
 Boys' Suits $15 
 
 Men's Suits 25 
 
 Men's Shoes 5 
 
 Men's Hats 4 
 
 Suspenders 
 
 Night Shirts 1 
 
 Girl's Suits $15 
 
 Girl's Coats 7 
 
 Girl's Wash Dresses 1 
 
 Girl's Serge Dresses 5 
 
 Children's Cotton Vests and Pants, ea. 
 
 1914 
 
 00 
 50 
 00 
 98 
 50 
 98 
 50 
 50 
 00 
 00 
 .25 
 .25 
 
 .00 
 .00 
 .00 
 .00 
 .50 
 .00 
 
 1918 
 
 35.00 
 17.95 
 
 98 
 98 
 00 
 75 
 00 
 
 10.00 
 
 8.35 
 
 1.75 
 
 .50 
 
 .50 
 
 Article 1914 
 
 Corsets 1 . 00 
 
 Corsets 3.50 
 
 Muslin Underwear 
 
 Chemise 98 
 
 Chemise 1 . 50 
 
 Skirts 98 
 
 Skirts 3.00 
 
 Knit Underwear 
 
 Cotton Vests and Pants, each . . .50 
 Wool Vests and Pants, each .... 1 . 00 
 Kid Gloves 1 . 00 
 
 Men's Wearing Apparel 
 
 $25 00 
 42.00-45 00 
 10.00 
 7.00 
 .65 
 1.50 
 
 Collars 
 Underwear 
 Shirts . . 
 Hose . . . 
 Gloves . . 
 
 $0.25 
 
 1.00 
 
 1.00 
 
 50 
 
 1.00 
 
 Pajamas 2.00 
 
 Children's Wearing Apparel 
 
 .95 
 .95 
 .00 
 .00 
 .25 
 
 Plain and Fancy Silk $1.00 
 
 Percale, 1 yd. wide $0.15 
 
 $22.50 Children's Shoes 1.50 
 
 15.95 Children's Shoes 2.00 
 
 2.45 Children's Cotton Hose 15 
 
 12.00 Children's Wool Hose 25 
 
 . 50 Wool Vests and Pants, each ... .50 
 
 Piece Goods 
 $1.75 Serge and Poplin Dress Goods . . $0.59 
 
 Wash Goods 
 
 $0.29 Gingham, 27 in. wide $0.15 
 
 Domestics 
 
 4/4 Fruit of the Loom . . . . 
 
 4/4 Brown Sheeting 
 
 9/4 Utica Bleached Sheeting 
 81 X 90 Mohawk Sheets . . . 
 All Linen Hemstitched Towels 
 
 $0 
 
 .10 
 .10 
 .34 
 .85 
 .25 
 
 $0. 
 $0. 
 
 Stoves $49.50 
 
 Washing Machine 15.00 
 
 9-piece Diningroom suite 
 Kitchen Chair .... 
 Linoleum Sq. Yd., Inlaid, 
 
 Printed . 
 Tea Kettle .... 
 Tea Kettle .... 
 
 .35 
 .35 
 .90 
 2.10 
 
 .75 
 
 Home 
 
 $95 . 00 
 
 22.50 
 
 135.00 
 
 1.50 
 
 $2.85 
 
 1.25 
 
 1.39 
 
 1.00 
 
 Builders' 
 
 4/4 Lonsdale Cambric $0.12i^ 
 
 45-inch Pillowcase Tubing . . . . $0.22 
 
 81 X 90 Utica Sheets 90 
 
 Wool Plaid Blankets 5.00 
 
 White Crochet Bed Spreads .... 1.25 
 
 Furnishings 
 
 Refrigerator 13.50 
 
 3-Piece Bedroom suite 75.00 
 
 Kitchen Table 1.25 
 
 95.00 
 
 .75 
 
 Grade A $1.75 
 
 .65 
 
 .55 
 
 . . .42 
 
 Comparative Prices on Tools, 
 
 Article 
 
 Wire Nails 
 
 Flat Head Bright Screws Less 873.'2-10-10% 
 
 Iron Sash Weights 1 . 75 cwt. 
 
 No. 1 3^ Sand Paper 18 gr. 
 
 28 ga. 30 X 96 Galvanized Iron Sheets $3 . 75 cwt. 
 
 Jam School House Coat and Hat Hooks 25 doz. 
 
 Bison Building Paper 
 
 Tarred Felt 1 
 
 Tar Coating 
 
 Superior Deaning Felt 3 
 
 Black Wire Cloth 1 . 50 100 sq. ft. 
 
 1918 
 
 2 
 
 00 
 
 5 
 
 00 
 
 1 
 
 69 
 
 2 
 
 50 
 
 1 
 
 69 
 
 5 
 
 00 
 
 1 
 
 00 
 
 2 
 
 00 
 
 2 
 
 00 
 
 $0.35 
 
 1 
 
 50 
 
 1 
 
 50 
 
 
 75 
 
 1 
 
 65 
 
 2 
 
 65 
 
 3 
 
 50 
 
 4 
 
 00 
 
 
 29 
 
 
 50 
 
 1 
 
 00 
 
 $1.25 
 
 $0.35 
 
 $0.38 
 $0.55 
 
 2.30 
 12.75 
 
 3.50 
 
 $19.00 
 
 115.00 
 
 3.00 
 
 Rugs, Wilton, 9 X 12 $40.00 $75.00 
 
 Brussel, 9x12 22.50 39.50 
 
 Coffee Pot 25 .65 
 
 Set of Dishes 12.00 17.75 
 
 Hardware, Household Goods, Etc. 
 
 January, 1914 January, 1919 
 
 . . . $2.10 base $ 4.75 base 
 
 62 H% 
 
 3 . 60 cwt. 
 
 40 gr. 
 
 $7 . 62 cwt. 
 
 .40 doz. 
 
 . 60 roll 
 
 4.00 cwt. 
 
 .70 gal. 
 
 6.25 cwt. 
 
 . 30 roll 
 . 90 cwt. 
 .20 gal. 
 . 25 cwt. 
 .50 100 sq. 
 
 2.50 100 sq. ft. 
 
394 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Comparative Prices on Tools, Builders' Hardware, Household Goods Etc.— Con. 
 
 January, 1914 January 1919 
 
 Silver Lake Sash Cord 40 1b. .95 1b. 
 
 No. 731-3Hx3i^ L. P. Butts l.OOdoz. pr. 2.35doz. pr. 
 
 No. R 133-044 Inside Door Lock Sets 3.75 doz. 12.75 doz. 
 
 No. F 241-31^x332 Butts 12 pr. .35 pr. 
 
 7 ft. Cellar Stanchions 1.00 each 2.25 
 
 3-inch Galvanized Conductor Pipe 03,4 ft. . 083^ ft. 
 
 Electric Door Bells 30 each . 65 each 
 
 Wire for Electric Door Bells 25 pkg. .50pkg;. 
 
 Columbia Dry Batteries 20 each . 40 each 
 
 3^-inch Plain Water Faucets 53 each 1 . 00 each 
 
 Lane's Parlor Door Hangers 1 . 75 set 3 . 00 set 
 
 No. 2 Corbin Door Checks 3 . 85 each 6 . 32 each 
 
 White Shellac 1.50 gal. 3.95 gal. 
 
 Boiled Oil 63 gal. 1 . 84 gal. 
 
 Turpentine 60 gal. 1 . 07 gal. 
 
 White Lead 7.00 cwt. 14.25 cwt. 
 
 White Paint 2.25 gal. 4.25 gal. 
 
 Star Glue 16 1b. .45 1b. 
 
 Wire Brads 80-10% '^0% 
 
 14-inch I. C. O. S. Roll Tin 4.50 roll 7.30 roll 
 
 8 oz. Bill Poster Tacks 10 1b. .20 1b. 
 
 No. 1 Maydole Claw Hammers 50 each 1 . 30 each 
 
 Commercial }^ x 3^ solder 25 1b. .50 1b. 
 
 36-inch Sledge Handles 2 . 00 doz. 4 . 70 doz. 
 
 4 feet 2-inch Mesh Poultry Netting 2 . 00 roll 5 . 80 roll 
 
 No. 8 Ames Scoop Shovels 16.50 doz. 27.20 doz. 
 
 No. D8 96-inch Disston Hand Saws 1.75 each 3.00 each 
 
 Sterling Mounted Grindstones 3 . 75 each 8 . 65 each 
 
 No. 8 Wiss Tinners' Snips 1 . 35 pr. . 2 . 20 pr. 
 
 10-inch Stillson Wrench 65 each 1 . 37 each 
 
 No. 2 Annstroned Pipe, Stock and Dies 3.20 8.00 
 
 Black Diamond Files Less 70-10-10% 45% 
 
 No. 2 D. H. Square Point Shovels 6.50 doz. 17.00 doz. 
 
 7 lb. Railroad Picks 2.80 doz. 13.00 doz. 
 
 Pick Handles 1 . 50 doz. 3 . 75 doz. 
 
 L. H. Steel Snow Shovels 30 each . 90 each 
 
 1 Bushel Galvanized Baskets 60 each 1 . 40 each 
 
 Lag Screws Less 75% 40% 
 
 Carriage Bolts Less 70% 20-5% 
 
 Mach. Bolts Less 70% 25-5% 
 
 Stove Bolts Less 80-10% 60-10% 
 
 Handled Axes 1.25 each 2 . 50 each 
 
 8-inch Hack Saw Blades 40 doz. . 80 doz. 
 
 Mortar Hods 1 . 00 each 1 . 50 each 
 
 18 x 30 Cast Iron Sinks 1.25 each 3.00 each 
 
 Steel Crow Bars 03 1b. .093^ lb. 
 
 Furnace Scoops 38 each . 90 each 
 
 8-inch Crescent Wrench 60 each 1 . 50 each 
 
 15-inch Coe Monkey Wrench 1.50 each 2.50 each 
 
 Pyrene Fire Extinguishers 7.00 10.00 
 
 Sweeds Iron Tiller Rope Less 50-23^% List net 
 
 Circular Saws 50% Plus 10% 
 
 Steel Bars 1.75 cwt. Base 3.92 cwt. 
 
 3^-inch Cut Washers 04 lb. . 10 lb. 
 
 Cold Roller Steel Less 50% Plus 12% 
 
 4-foot Iron Screw Clamps 1.25 each 2 . 00 each 
 
 5-foot Straight Fork Handles 1 . 50 doz. 3 . 55 doz. 
 
 No. 30 Oval Slide Vise 1.20 each 2.40 each 
 
 No. 78 Stanley Rabbet Plane 1 . 04 each 2 . 88 each 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 395 
 
 Comparative Prices on Tools, Builders' Hardware, Household Goods, Etc.— Con. 
 
 January, 1914 January, 1919 
 
 No. 30 Yankee Screw Drivers 1.05 each 2 . 25 each 
 
 White Waste 9.25 cwt. 18.75 cwt. 
 
 Asphalt Scrapers 1 . 50 each 2 . 50 each 
 
 No. 80 Floor Scrapers .58 each 1 . 14 each 
 
 No. 2 Cold Blast Lanterns 75 each 1 . 39 each 
 
 Shoe Cobbhng Sets 38 set .80 set 
 
 No. 34 Snow Shovels 65 each 1 . 30 each 
 
 24-tooth Wire Lawn Rakes 35 each . 80 each 
 
 20-foot Extension Ladder 3.60 each 7.00 each 
 
 Cotton Mops 2 . 65 doz. 4 . 50 doz. 
 
 No. 180 Ash Cans 19.50 doz. 72.35 doz. 
 
 No. 114 Heavy Galvanized Pails 3.75 doz. 11.60 doz. 
 
 No. 23 Galvanized Tubs 70 each 1 . 65 each 
 
 5-foot Step Ladder 2 . 00 each 8 . 50 each 
 
 XXX Railroad Brooms 4.75 doz. 10.50 doz. 
 
 No. 594 Guarantee Wringer 5 . 00 each 9 . 00 each 
 
 No. 3154 D. A. Range 30.00 each 65.50 each 
 
 Blood's All Corn Brooms 55 each 1 . 75 each 
 
 Grand Rapids Sweeper 3 . 25 each 4 . 00 each 
 
 Peerless Motor Washer 15.00 each 20.00 each 
 
 Triumph Ash Sifter 2 . 50 each 4 . 50 each 
 
 Safety Matches 50 gross 1 . 75 gross 
 
 Mrs. Potts Irons 79 set 1.25 set 
 
 6-inch Stove Pipe 18 length .33 length 
 
 6-inch Stove Pipe Elbows 16 each .18 each 
 
 38 Calibre Police Revolvers 12 . 00 each 21 . 00 each 
 
 38 Calibre Colt's Automatic Pistol 18.00 each 27.00 each 
 
 45 Calibre Colt's Automatic Pistol 22 . 00 each 23 . 00 each 
 
 The price of high grade steam coal in 1914 was as follows: 
 
 F. O. B. Buffalo Team Deliveries 
 
 Slack $2.20 $2.25 
 
 Mine Run 2 . 30 2 . 80 
 
 Lump 2.40 3.00 
 
 These prices did not represent spot shipments of cheap coals which are always available during 
 the summer months, but were standard prices for coal delivered throughout the year. 
 
 In 1918 the prices were as follows: slack, mine run or lump $2.95 F. 0. B. mines, which is the 
 price set by the Government. This coal costs $4,598 F. 0. B. cars Buffalo; all freight charges 
 and taxes paid. The wagon prices on this coal ranged from $5.90 — where they started — up to 
 $6.50, which increase was due to freight rate and taxes. 
 
 Also, soft coal was sold, at team delivery as high as $8.40, which price was within the Govern- 
 ment regulation. 
 
 During the severe winter of 1917-1918 the reported shortage of coal at the mines and conges- 
 tion of freight traffic caused coal to be at a premium in many cases, and instances were brought 
 to public attention where hard coal was sold to consumers by the bushel which amounted to an exor- 
 bitant per ton price, in many cases, but for which there was redress through the office of the Federal 
 Fuel Administrator. However, it can be readily understood that the year 1918 to the period follow- 
 ing the signing of the armistice was abnormal and many things had to be taken into consideration. 
 
 RETAIL COAL PRICES 
 
 1914 
 April July October April 
 
 Grate $6.15 $6.45 $6.65 Grate $8.55 
 
 Egg 6.40 6.70 6.90 Egg 8.45 
 
 Stove 6.40 6.70 6.90 Stove 8.75 
 
 Chestnut 6.65 6.95 7.15 Chestnut 8.75 
 
 Pea 5.35 5.55 5.60 Pea 7.95 
 
 Buckwheat 4.50 4.50 4.50 Buckwheat 6.95 6.95 7.75 
 
 1918 
 
 
 July 
 
 October 
 
 $9.30 
 
 $9.30 
 
 8.95 
 
 9.25 
 
 9.20 
 
 9.45 
 
 9.25 
 
 9.55 
 
 7.95 
 
 8.10 
 
396 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Camp Where the Old 65th Spent the Winter of 1917-1918 
 
 Battery D on March 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 397 
 
 CHAPTER cm 
 WORK OF THE FOOD ADMINISTRATOR 
 
 DURING the war one campaign succeeded another. One week the streets of the city 
 were alive with banners and posters making their stirring appeal to the hearts and purses 
 of all patriotic Americans. The next week all this panoply of propaganda would be replaced 
 by other ringing pleas; the campaign of yesterday, having been successfully accomplished, would 
 be forgotten in the interest of the moment. But there was one war activity which could not 
 depend for success upon the brief and dashing campaign. The work of the Erie County Food 
 Administration, by necessity of its very nature, had to go on unceasingly day after day so long 
 as there were American soldiers in France to be fed, and impoverished peoples of our Allies to 
 be sustained. Although at times spectacular, this labor involved more drudgery than any other 
 proposition created by our entering into the European holocaust and yet those who watched 
 the records of that department from week to week realized that the work was accomplished as 
 thoroughly and competently as the efforts of other campaigns, which, because of their novelty 
 and scope, held greater interest for those upon whom it devolved to do the work. 
 
 The Food Administration task, unlike most of the other martial home activities, could not 
 depend upon the services of hundreds of the city's business men. There were too many other 
 things making their demands upon the time of men of affairs and the Food Work must go on 
 without ceasing. Therefore it was necessary that some one man be found who could devote his 
 entire time for the duration of the conflict to this specialty and this alone. James B. Stafford, a 
 real estate dealer, who in former years had been one of the city's most successful grocers, was 
 selected and his administration proved that he was the right man in the right place. By his 
 ability to build about himself a capable and ambitious organization, Mr. Stafford made a rec- 
 ord which gave Erie County an enviable reputation throughout the United States. 
 
 Mr. Stafford was appointed Erie County Food Administrator on February 28th, 1918. The 
 Food Administration was organized in August, 1917, and Food Administrators were appointed 
 in most counties of New York State during November and December of the same year. The 
 food situation became very acute in Erie County, but no administrator was named until the 
 following February. 
 
 The Food Administration primarily was an arm of the War Department, and its slogan "Food 
 Will Win The War" had been spread broadcast through the United States. The first aim was 
 to see that our boys in khaki received plenty of wholesome food. Other aims were to feed the 
 armies of our Allies, the civilian population of countries allied with us, to see that the populations 
 of neutral countries did not suffer from hunger, and to give our own citizens plenty of food 
 at fair prices. 
 
 Mr. Stafford had not long been Food Administrator when he discovered that it would be im- 
 possible for him to do the work and to continue his private business. Although there was no 
 salary attached to his official position, he did not hesitate to entirely sacrifice his private interest 
 to what he believed to be his duty. 
 
 One of the first moves made by Mr. Stafford was to organize an Executive Council. He ap- 
 pointed Oliver Cabana Jr., A. A. Brehm, George S. Staniland, Roland Lord O'Brian, Allan I. 
 Holloway, Sidney Detmers, Devoe P. Hodson, Walter H. Stafford, Finley H. Greene, Allen 
 Keeney, C. J. Irwin, Harvey D. Blakeslee, and Dana B. Hellings. Roland Lord O'Brian was 
 made Chairman of the Finance Committee of the Executive Council, and, because of its efforts, 
 the Board of Supervisors of Erie County appropriated $10,000 for office equipment and clerical 
 help. 
 
 Oliver Cabana Jr. was made Assistant Food Administrator to represent Mr. Stafford in Erie 
 County outside of the city, and a representative was appointed in each town. 
 
398 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 During the first few weeks, the business of the Food Administration was conducted in Mr. 
 Stafford's personal office, No. 31 Church Street, but the volume of work grew so rapidly that 
 larger quarters had to be secured. There being no appropriation for office rental, he donated 
 a suite of offices in the Stafford Building, corner of Church and Pearl Streets, 
 
 On February 1st, the U, S. Food Administration promulgated rules requiring the purchase of 
 an equal amount of substitute cereals with wheat flour, in the effort to conserve wheat. Most 
 people accepted that regulation good naturedly, but a certain percentage did not understand 
 the vital necessity and objected strenuously to the use of substitutes. 
 
 A strike of all bakers of the city was the first big problem which the Food Administration 
 had. The Food Administrator hesitated to interfere in a labor controversy, but as the strike 
 promised to cause suffering and perhaps a bread famine, he was called upon to assist in the settle- 
 ment of it. Failing to bring about an agreement between the master bakers and the employees, 
 both sides were requested by him to submit their grievances to the War Labor Board at Wash- 
 ington and in the meantime to keep on making bread. The bakers refused. Realizing what a 
 catastrophe a bread famine would be in a large industrial center such as Buffalo, with its enor- 
 mous foreign population, the Food Administrator took prompt action to forestall such an emer- 
 gency. It was then that the "Food Boss" earned his title by commandeering the baking plants 
 in the name of the United States Food Administration. Experienced bakers were brought in from 
 other cities and these, with the aid of the patriotic and less radical strikers, kept the bakeries 
 running until the employees decided to accept the terms offered and to return to work. 
 
 It was found necessary, in certain instances, to take drastic action against violators. The 
 publicity accompanying the prosecution of well-known dealers served to impress upon others 
 the fact that food control was an essential war measure. The rules of the Food Administration 
 were designed to prevent hoarding, profiteering and waste, to control consumption and to keep 
 food commodities moving as directly as possible from the producer to the consumer. 
 
 Among the many other duties of the Food Administration, it was authorized to conduct in- 
 vestigations of trade conditions and trade practices among agencies having to do with trans- 
 portation, manufacture or distribution of food commodities; to investigate the cost of any food- 
 stuffs; to determine a fair margin of profit; to issue lists of fair prices to be paid by the consumer 
 and by the retailer for stable foods, and to determine the grading of foodstuffs in the whole- 
 sale markets. On October 8th, 1917, the President, by proclamation, made it necessary for 
 dealers and manufacturers of most food commodities to secure a license. The Food Adminis- 
 tration reserved the right to cancel the license of any licensee who violated the rules. No fee was 
 charged for the licenses issued. 
 
 Among the many violations for which the licensee was called before the Food Administration 
 were these: 
 
 1. Exceeding the margin of profit allowed to dealers in the sale of various food commodities. 
 (Most of the cases which came under this head were for violating the rules relating to the margin 
 of profit to dealers in flour and sugar.) 
 
 2. Selling sugar and flour in excessive quantities. 
 
 3. Exceeding the allotment allowed in the use of certain commodities such as sugar and flour. 
 
 4. Making combination sales, that is, forcing customers to buy other merchandise in order 
 to obtain a necessary article of food. 
 
 5. Not selling substitutes with wheat flour. 
 
 6. Baking bread with insufficient substitutes. 
 
 7. Public eating houses serving larger portions of bread per person than permitted by regu- 
 lations. 
 
 8. Serving wheat, pork or beef on days fixed for the conservation of these foods. 
 
 9. Hoarding food commodities. 
 
 10. Advertising the sale of commodities, the supply of which was limited, such as flour and 
 sugar. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 399 
 
 11. Deception in the sale of food commodities, and unfair trade practices or frauds, such as 
 misrepresenting the grade or kind of goods and selling as fresh food commodities which had been 
 in cold storage. 
 
 12. Making resales of food commodities for the purpose of increasing their prices. (The pur- 
 pose of this rule was to keep the goods moving in direct lines from the producer to the consumer.) 
 
 13. Selling food stuffs to unlicensed dealers. 
 
 14. Unreasonable rejection of food commodities shipped from out-of-town, when a waste of 
 food or congestion of traffic was caused by such rejection. 
 
 For violation by licensees of the regulations applying to their business, the Food Adminis- 
 stration had only one direct penalty, that, the revocation of the offender's license and the closing 
 of his business, but it was not always practical or desirable from a public standpoint to impose 
 this penalty. To close a large wholesale business, for example, would punish several hundred 
 innocent dealers depending upon the firm for supplies, and upset the whole system of control- 
 ling allotments of food commodities through the regular channels of distribution. 
 
 Closing up a large business with much stock on hand was a difficult task and required consider- 
 able supervision on the part of the Food Administration. Because of this, the Food Adminis- 
 tration frequently gave the offender the alternative of closing his business or making a volun- 
 tary contribution to the American Red Cross or other war charity. These contributions were 
 made proportionate to the seriousness of the offense. 
 
 More than 200 Buffalo firms and individuals donated more than $21,000.00 to the American 
 Red Cross for violations of food regulations. Contributions ranged from $5.00 to $5,000. Some 
 fifty business establishments were required to close their doors for periods of from one day 
 to two months. Housewives and dealers were protected from unfair trading. The prices of 
 foodstuffs were kept low and hoarding was reduced to a minimum. 
 
 The campaigns of the Publicity Committee, of which Finley H. Greene was Chairman, were 
 conducted without any financial assistance from Erie County or the Unites States Food Ad- 
 ministration. Voluntary contributions were received from public spirited citizens, amounting 
 to $4,503.00. 
 
 In all countries of Europe the production of food was at a low ebb during the war and one of 
 the most important aims of the Food Administration was to increase production in this country. 
 The campaign to increase production in Erie County was under direction of Oliver Cabana Jr., 
 and Dovoe P. Hodson, ably assisted by the town representatives. Through this campaign, pro- 
 duction of wheat in Erie County was increased about 50 per cent and thousands of bushels were 
 saved because of a crusade of education to show the farmers the importance of careful handling 
 of the grain while harvesting and threshing. A meeting was held at Pine Grove Farm, the sum- 
 mer home of Oliver Cabana. Representatives from each town in the county were present. Food 
 Administrator Stafford, Deputy Food Administrator Cabana, Judge Hodson, George Urban 
 Jr., and others, spoke on the necessity of economical handling of grain. A committee was appoint- 
 ed to see that all threshing machines in the county were working properly and to get the farmers 
 to thresh grain early. This committee aided owners of threshing machines in securing repair 
 parts for their machines so as to keep every available thresher working. 
 
 A bulletin issued January 12th, 1918, by the State Food Administrator, directed attention 
 of all County Food Administrators to the fact that hoarding was prohibited. These laws applied 
 to individuals as well as dealers. 
 
 The County Food Administrators were requested to investigate large purchases of flour and 
 sugar by individuals and to prosecute unlawful cases. A bulletin on the subject was given pub- 
 licity throughout Erie County. It directed attention to the fact that the sugar ration had been 
 fixed by the Food Administration at three pounds a person each month. At that time, sales of 
 sugar were limited in the city to not more than five pounds and to rural consumers not more 
 than ten pounds. 
 
 The sale of flour was limited to one-eighth barrel to city consumers and one-fourth of a barrel 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 401 
 
 to rural consumers. All advertising tending to induce consumers to increase purchases of flour 
 or sugar during the national crisis was declared to be against pubUc policy and forbidden. 
 
 On January 28th, 1918, the fifty-fifty flour rule was put into effect, requiring every purchaser 
 of wheat flour to buy an equal amount of substitutes. The substitutes permitted were hominy, 
 corn meal, corn flour, corn starch, barley flour, oatmeal, rice, rice flour, buckwheat flour, potato 
 flour. This rule was modified to allow consumers to purchase three pounds of flour with one 
 pound of authorized substitutes between February 1st and 14th. From February 14th to Feb- 
 ruary 28th, they were required to purchase two pounds of substitutes with three pounds of flour. 
 After March 1st, they were required to purchase flour and substitutes in equal quantities. 
 
 On February 23rd, a rule was promulgated forbidding the use of edible flour for manufac- 
 turing purposes. Only low grade or damaged flour could be used in manufacturing, including 
 paste for wall papering and bill posting. 
 
 On March 21st, a bulletin was issued by the State Food Administrator requesting the county 
 administrators to declare Mondays and Wednesdays "wheatless days" and Tuesdays "meat- 
 less days" in restaurants, hotels and other public eating places, as well as in the home. 
 
 In order to increase and encourage the conservation of food, a survey of the garbage collected 
 by the City of Buffalo was made, and it was found that housewives were discarding large 
 amounts of bread and other food. In order to bring the matter to the attention of the public 
 forcibly, several large baskets of bread were collected from this garbage and photographed for 
 publication. An appeal was made, through the newspapers, to utilize every crumb of bread. 
 
 Food investigators decided that food was being wasted at a training camp for soldiers con- 
 ducted in the city. A hearing was held in the office of the Food Administrator and a report made 
 to the authorities at Washington. A short time after this report was made, a conservation of- 
 ficer was appointed at each army cantonment. It is not known whether this was a direct result 
 of the Buffalo investigation, but no doubt the conditions reported here hastened the creation of 
 that office. 
 
 On June 25th, 1918, sugar regulations were promulgated to take effect July 1st. The supply 
 of sugar was growing smaller because of the scarcity of shipping facilities from Cuba and on 
 account of German submarine activities. All refiners were forbidden to sell sugar after July 
 1st except on certificate issued by the Food Administration after careful investigation of the 
 amount of sugar previously used by the applicant. 
 
 During July, August and September, manufacturers were allowed but 50 per cent of their 
 former consumption of sugar, excepting ice cream manufacturers who were given 75 per cent. 
 Hotels and public eating houses were permitted three pounds of sugar for every 90 meals served. 
 Bakers and retail grocers got 70 per cent of their former consumption. Housewives were given 
 25 pounds of sugar for canning purposes in addition to their regular allowance of three pounds 
 a month for each member of the family. 
 
 The control of the distribution of sugar was one of the largest tasks confronting the Erie County 
 administration. In order to enforce the ruling, allowing three pounds a person a month for in- 
 dividuals, it was necessary to have retail grocers, in the towns outside of Buffalo, issue sugar 
 cards to each family. In Buffalo it was found impracticable to use sugar cards, but each grocer 
 was required to keep a record of sale for the Food Administration. By checking up these records, 
 it was possible to learn if more than the regular allowance of sugar had been secured by anyone. 
 
 The Food Administration was instructed to see that there was no hoarding of sugar by con- 
 sumers and that sugar was equitably distributed. Publicity was given to the fact that a house- 
 wife hoarding sugar was a slacker and a traitor. Retail grocers were told of the necessity of their 
 co-operation with the Food Administration in this regard and to see that no family secured an 
 undue amount of sugar. They were instructed to watch for repeaters on two and five pound 
 purchases, when it was found that unscrupulous people were buying small lots of the saccharine 
 mixture at more than one store. 
 
 On August 1st, it was found necessary to reduce the amount of sugar allowance to public 
 
402 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 eating houses from three pounds to two for every 90 meals served and the allowance for house- 
 holders to two pounds a month for each member of the family. 
 
 The harvest of wheat was so plentiful that on August 3rd, 1918, the wheatless days and 
 meals were abolished, but the ruling limiting hotels, restaurants and public eating places to 
 six pounds of flour to 90 meals was continued in effect. 
 
 On August 17th, a telegram came from Washington requesting the local administration to 
 urge upon housewives the necessity of home canning. The housewives, under the impression 
 that sufficient sugar for this purpose was not available, were in some cases allowing fruit to go 
 to waste. The housewife was informed that she would be supplied with sugar for canning and 
 urged to preserve quantities of fruits and vegetables. A plan was adopted whereby the dealers 
 filed with the Buffalo office the home canning slips covering sugar sold in quantities not to ex- 
 ceed twenty-five pounds at a time to individual consumers. All of these were checked from day 
 to day. 
 
 Another telegram from Herbert Hoover, Federal Food Administrator, stated that the recent 
 survey by the Food Administration of the food resources of the 220,000,000 people fighting 
 Germany showed that to make reservation against disaster there must be maintained in all 
 countries conservation of wheat flour during the next year. It was agreed that the wheat bread 
 of the Allies should contain 20 per cent of substitutes, and it was only just that we should bear 
 our share in this saving and our bread should contain at least as much substitutes as the bread 
 of the people who were suffering more greatly than ourselves. In order to carry out this movement, 
 it was decided to place a ready mixed flour, "Victory Flour," on the market. This mixed flour 
 contained approximately 80 per cent wheat flour and 20 per cent of other grains. 
 
 It was decided on August 27th, that the fifty-fifty rule which required the purchase of an equal 
 amount of substitutes with wheat flour should be rescinded. A new rule required retail dealers 
 selling standard wheat flour to carry in stock either barley flour, corn flour, or corn meal and 
 with every sale of wheat flour to sell a combination of one or more of these flours in the pro- 
 portion of one pound of substitutes to each four pounds of wheat flour. 
 
 Early in November, it became apparent that the struggle in Europe was reaching a climax 
 and an early ending of the war was predicted. November 5th, the State Food Administrator noti- 
 fied Erie County that from various parts of the State information had come to him that our 
 citizens, feeling that the end of the war was near, had relaxed their efforts to conserve food. 
 He said that no greater mistake could happen and urged a greater sacrifice. 
 
 On November 16th, the Food Administration advised that the recent war developments had 
 made possible a complete abandonment of the Food Administration rule in regard to the use 
 of substitutes with wheat flour, an announcement hailed with delight. 
 
 The work of the Food Administration was the work of many hands. It could not have been 
 accomplished without the co-operation of the different trade organizations, and their commit- 
 tees were continually in touch with the Buffalo office. Too much emphasis cannot be given to 
 the results accomplished by the Bakers' Service Committee. James B. Dwyer was chairman. The 
 Retail Grocers' Association, of which Joseph C. Starck was President, also co-operated with the 
 Food Administration. The grocers helped the Publicity Committee drive home to the public 
 the absolute necessity of saving food. The Wholesale Grocers' Association appointed a committee 
 of which Edward Cumpson was Chairman, to assist the Food Administration. 
 
 The work of Mr. Stafford as Food Administrator was appreciated by John Mitchell, Presi- 
 dent of the New York Federal Food Board. He said at the time of Mr. Stafford's resignation: 
 
 "I take pleasure in adding my words of appreciation to those of so many others for the 
 great services you have rendered and the sacrifices you have made in preventing profiteer- 
 ing and in keeping the prices of food, as far as that was possible, within the reach of all the people. 
 
 "I recognize how difficult your task has been. I have been in a position to know how hard 
 you have worked and how much you have accomplished, and I am certain that the esteem in 
 which you are held by your fellow citizens will fully compensate you for all you have done in 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 403 
 
 serving them and your country during the great World War in which the American people played 
 so conspicuous and yet so unselfish a part." 
 
 James B. Stafford was born in Dublin, Ireland, on September 23, 1853. He came to Buffalo 
 eight years later, and when ten years old became a helper in the store of S. M. Callander, then 
 the leading retail grocer of the city. When Mr. Stafford was twenty years old, he organized the 
 firm of Jones, Stafford & Company, which conducted the Fulton Market at No. 352 Main Street. 
 In a short time he had one of the largest wholesale and retail stores in the city, and within a few 
 years bought out his partners. 
 
 In 1892 he sold his business to Faxon, Williams and Faxon and entered the real estate business. 
 He was active in this line for many years and instrumental in securing the investment of hun- 
 dreds of thousands of dollars of outside capital in Niagara Frontier property. 
 
 In referring to the work of the Food Administration, he said, "It is not I, it is the splendid co- 
 operation I have received from the national. State and City officials and from the patriotic persons 
 locally who have freely given their time and money to this important war work; they are re- 
 sponsible for the success of this office." 
 
404 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER CIV 
 NATIONAL LEAGUE FOR WOMAN'S SERVICE 
 
 THE National League for Woman's Service was organized at the Congress of Constructive 
 Patriotism, held in Washington, January 27th, 1917. The Erie County Committee was 
 appointed early in February, but did not begin active work until April when an office was 
 given through the courtesy of the School Board in the old Central High School building. 
 
 The League had a registration of 1600 women in Buffalo, who signified their willingness to 
 do all kinds of volunteer work under classified heads. The Motor Division was first organized 
 under Mrs. Langdon B. Wood and Mrs. Charles H. McCullough and did most efficient work, 
 developing later into a more military organization with Mrs. Harry B. Spaulding as Captain. 
 The "Overseas" Division composed mostly of business women, under the leadership of Miss Cora 
 Bethune, made and sent several thousands of children's garments to France, and, later, through 
 Mrs. Oliver A. Jenkins, knitted articles, and, still later, made three hundred patch work quilts un- 
 der the direction of Mrs. Allison K. Hume for the American Committee for devastated France. 
 
 The clerical workers under Mrs. LB. Hope did an amount of valuable work for the military 
 census, the Food Administration, the Navy Recruiting office in the Federal Building, many of 
 the exemption boards and the Buffalo Chapter of the American Red Cross. 
 
 Service Club No. 1 with Mrs. J. P. Devine, Chairman of Social Welfare Division, assisted by 
 Mrs. Thomas K. Mann, Chairman of the Canteen, was opened in November, 1917, at the corner 
 of Delaware Avenue and Chippewa Street in the house owned by Mr. Willis K. Jackson, who gave 
 its use. Mrs. DeWitt C. Clinton was Chairman of the House Committee at the close of the war. 
 
 Club No. 2 at 245 Porter Avenue in the house given by the A. P. Thompson Estate, was 
 opened in May, 1918, with Mrs. A. B. Wright, Chairman of the House Committee, assisted by 
 Mrs. W. R. Pooley; Mrs. Allison K. Hume was Chairman of the House Committee at the close of 
 the war. 
 
 The Station Service Clut at 78 Exchange Street, in the building given by the B. C. Rumsey 
 Estate, opened the end of July with Mrs. James W. Putnam as Chairman of House Committee. 
 Meals were served in all the clubs at fifteen cents each. Beds were available in Clubs Nos. 1 and 
 2 at thirty-five cents a night. The three clubs served more than 125,000 meals during 1^18, 
 all work being done by National League women. A Red Cross surgical dressings work-room, 
 in charge of Mrs. Allison K. Hume, was opened in May through the courtesy of the Buffalo 
 Consistory, in its music room; over a hundred thousand dressings were made in the six months 
 it was in operation. An average attendance of about 200 women a week was maintained. 
 
 From March to November, 1918, the League bought and sold at its office at cost, for patri- 
 otic purposes, under the direction of Mrs. Pennj^Dacker, about $18,000 worth of yarn. 
 
 The League had no membership dues and there was no public solicitation of funds to carry 
 on its work, the sole support of the Committee in Buffalo being the collection and sale of old 
 newspapers and magazines by the Newspaper Division of which Miss Catharine Murray was 
 Captain. 
 
 Those constituted the main activities of the Erie County Committee of the National League 
 for Woman's Service, but by far the greater part of the Committee's work was in its co-operation 
 with and service to other organizations. The officers were: Mrs. Frank W. Fiske, Jr., Chairman 
 and moving spirit; Mrs. Allison K. Hume, Vice Chairman; Mrs. William E. Danforth, Secretary; 
 Dr. Carro C. Croft, Treasurer, and Miss Charlotte Ogilvie, Executive Secretary. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 405 
 
 CHAPTER CV 
 THE WORLD WAR IN VERSE 
 
 WAR time verse, particularly the popular melody, was plentiful during the war period. 
 War time songs were the rage in all the theatres and at every other form of entertain- 
 ment. After the close of the war a New York paper offered a prize of $2,000.00 for 
 the best National Anthem and this prize was won by Herman T. Koerner of Buffalo, whose 
 Anthem "My Country" was determined by the judges to be the best of the many thousands 
 submitted. The lists of judges included John Philip Sousa, John McCormack, John L. Golden, 
 Irving Berlin and Josef Stransky. 
 
 The winning of that prize by Mr. Koerner was particularly interesting, owing to the fact that 
 he had engaged, just prior thereto, in a vigorous controversy with Food Administrator James 
 B. Stafford, the outcome of which was a rather heavy fine against Mr. Koerner on the charge of 
 hoarding flour and sugar. Mr Koerner's boy was in the United States service. 
 
 Many other writers produced rather delightful verse during the war period, and a few of the 
 efforts are here reproduced as samples of our war time poetry. 
 
 MY COUNTRY 
 
 (An Anthem) 
 By Herman T. Koerner 
 Hail to thee, my country! Majestic and subhme: 
 We worship thee, we glory, In Freedom's Holy Shrine. 
 Hail to thee, in beauty! In wisdom, pow'r and strength; 
 Thy conscience fails no duty, And thy sympathy no length. 
 Hail to thee, in gladness! In sorrow or in stress; 
 Live, beloved country! Prevail in blessedness. 
 Hail, mighty nation! Whose banner is unfurled, 
 In Honor and devotion — To the love that rules the world. 
 
 THE AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE 
 Katherine Lee Bates 
 
 They veiled their souls with laughter Our springing tears adore them, 
 
 And many a mocking pose, These boys at school and play, 
 
 These lads who follow after Fair-fortuned years before them, 
 
 Wherever Freedom goes; Alas! but yesterday; 
 
 These lads we used to censure Divine with sudden splendor 
 
 For levity and ease, —Oh, how our eyes were blind !- 
 
 On Freedom's high adventure In careless self-surrender 
 
 Go singing overseas. They battle for mankind. 
 
 Soldiers of Freedom! Gleaming 
 
 And golden they depart 
 Transfigured by the dreaming 
 
 Of boyhood's hidden heart. 
 Her lovers they confess them 
 
 And, rushing on her foes, 
 Toss her their youth — God bless them! — 
 
 As lightly as a rose. 
 
406 
 
 BuFFAi.o's Part in the World War 
 
 DOUGHBOY DITTIES 
 By Damon Runyon 
 At night, when we camped by the old chateau, 
 
 An' the yellow moon looked down, 
 I used to dream of a girl I know — 
 
 A girl in the old home town. 
 I dreamed o' the words she said to me 
 
 The day that we said good-bye, 
 When I left her to cross the rollin' sea — 
 
 But mostly I dreamed o' pie! 
 
 An' now that the packet is headed home 
 
 An' the lights fade on the shore, 
 As I watch the gloamin' begin to gloam, 
 
 I am dreamin' my dreams once more. 
 Again I dream o' that last goodbye 
 
 Ere I sailed o'er the rollin' brine, 
 But mostly I dream of the big mince pie 
 
 That soon will be mine — all mine. 
 
 For there's girls in England and girls in France 
 
 An' girls on the windin' Rhine; 
 You are always meetin' a lovin' glance 
 
 Anywheres up the line. 
 You can always sit in a game o' hearts 
 
 Where the ante's a gentle sigh. 
 But the scarcest thing in these foreign parts 
 
 Is a hunk o' reg'lar pie. 
 
 IN 
 
 There'll be always girls, if you look around, 
 
 Wherever your feet may stray; 
 Whether you're outward or homeward bound, 
 
 They'll never be far away. 
 But when you're guardin' a dreary post 
 
 Or watchin' the shrapnel fly. 
 The thing that you will miss the most 
 
 Is that good old home-made pie! 
 
 FLANDERS FIELDS 
 By John McRae 
 In Flanders fields the poppies blow 
 Between the crosses, row on row, 
 That mark our place; and in the sky 
 The larks, still bravely singing, fly 
 Scarce heard amid the guns below. 
 
 We are the Dead. Short days ago 
 We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow, 
 
 Loved and were loved, and now we lie 
 
 In Flanders Fields. 
 
 Take up our quarrel with the foe; 
 
 To you from failing hands we throw 
 The torch; be yours to hold it high. 
 If ye break faith with us who die 
 
 We shall not sleep, though poppies grow 
 In Flanders fields. 
 
 Adventurers, they put to sea 
 
 With many a laugh and jest. 
 Strange port and rare 
 W"as St. Nazaire; 
 
 An unknown city Brest. 
 To them all France 
 Was bright romance. 
 
 But time has changed their views. 
 They'd give the whole of Europe 
 
 For a sight of Newport News. 
 
 THE A. E. F. 
 
 By Walter Trumbull 
 
 Explorers on the plains of Death 
 
 And through the hills of Hell 
 Haggard and worn. 
 By bullets torn. 
 
 They served their Nation well. 
 
 But now the war 
 Is waged no more. 
 
 These veterans of the game 
 Find Heaven and Hoboken 
 
 Words that seem to mean the same. 
 
 Just to see America 
 
 Spread against the sky; 
 Just to journey back again, 
 Never more to roam; 
 Just to find the station 
 
 And the window, and to buy 
 The little bit o' ticket 
 Or the long green ticket — 
 But the ONE-WAY ticket HOME. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 407 
 
 i shall not be afraid 
 
 By Aline Kilmer 
 I shall not be afraid any more, Now I am brave. In the dark night alone, 
 
 Either by night or day; All through the house I go, 
 
 What would it profit me to be afraid Locking the doors and making windows fast 
 
 With you away? When sharp winds blow. 
 
 For there is only sorrow in my heart. 
 
 There is no room for fear. 
 But how I wish I were afraid again, 
 
 My dear, My dear! 
 
 (Written by the wife of Joyce Kilmer, killed in action, fighting beside Colonel Donovan) 
 
 THEY LIE IN FRANCE WHERE LILIES BLOOM 
 
 By Percival Allen 
 
 They lie in France 
 
 Where lilies bloom; 
 
 Those flowers pale 
 
 That guard each tomb 
 
 Are saintly souls 
 
 That smiling stand 
 
 Close by them in 
 
 That martyred land 
 And mutely there the long night shadows creep 
 From quiet hills to mourn for them who sleep. 
 While o'er them through the dusk go silently 
 The grieving clouds that slowly drift to sea. 
 And lately round them moaned the Winter wind 
 Whose voice, lamenting, sounds so coldly kind. 
 Yet in their faith those waiting hearts abide 
 The time when turns forever that false tide. 
 
 In France they lie 
 
 Where lilies bloom, 
 
 Those flowers fair 
 
 For them made room. 
 
 Not vainly placed 
 
 The crosses stand 
 
 Within that brave 
 
 And stricken land; 
 
 Their honor lives, 
 
 Their love endures, 
 
 Their noble death 
 
 The right assures. 
 
 For they shall have their Hearts' desire 
 
 They who, unflinching, braved the fire. 
 
 Across the fields their eyes at last shall see 
 
 Through clouds and mist the hosts of victory. 
 
 THE GOLD STAR 
 S. E. Jefferson 
 
 (In memory of Corporal Car! M. Darling, who died May 9, 1918 — at Camp Dix 
 
 There's a gold star on the Service Flag 
 
 To take the place of the blue; 
 It stands for the name of one who has gone; 
 
 One to whom honor is due. 
 
 It speaks to us, each time we look; 
 
 It speaks of a soldier brave; 
 Who gave up all — to answer the call; 
 Buffalo, June 1, 1918. His home, and country to save. 
 
408 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 welcome home our heroes 
 
 By Donald Bain 
 With joy we hail you, Heroes every one! 
 
 Well done! brave souls and faithful in the cause 
 
 Of Liberty! we greet you with applause 
 On your return, your task complete, well done! 
 You fought and crushed the menace of the Hun! 
 
 And now we welcome you with proud acclaim, 
 
 Men of our hearts and homes, immortal fame 
 Is yours, who fought in Freedom's cause and won! 
 
 To you a debt beyond our power, to-day. 
 Or generations yet unborn, to pay 
 Is due; even so, believe your welcome home 
 Is but an earnest of the days to come. 
 Replete with gratitude to you and yours. 
 And those who come not back, while time endures. 
 Buffalo, N. Y., March 25, 1919. 
 
 THE UNAFRAID 
 By Bob Newhall 
 
 (To Those Whose Boys Did Not Come Back) 
 
 The city smiles; her eager arms. And then the shouting thousands hush- 
 Stretch forth in welcoming embrace; Four sable steeds with measured tread, 
 
 The flower of her manhood comes, A flag-draped caisson draweth by, 
 Hark! how the cheering grows apace! The army symbol of the dead. 
 
 A far-off blare of music sounds, The golden stars shine bravely forth. 
 
 Of marching feet the distant play, And to the sun give beam for beam; 
 
 The tumult grows, the victors near, One for each gallant boy who made 
 The Unafraid were they! The sacrifice supreme. 
 
 Take heart of grace, ye mourning ones. 
 For with that caisson, squad on squad, 
 A Heavenly company doth march. 
 
 Who kept the faith with you and God! 
 
 Their martial spirits winged "back home," 
 Though France's soil entomb their clay; 
 So proudly dry the brimming tears, 
 
 The Unafraid were they! 
 
 VICTORIOUS TWENTY-SEVENTH 
 
 By Ralph Reid Rice 
 
 Reach forth to them a welcome hand, 
 
 Let echoes ring with cheers; 
 They're coming home this modest band — 
 
 Victorious cavaliers! 
 Hushed is the mighty cannon's roar. 
 
 They heard it die away; 
 Upon that far off foreign shore — 
 
 But yesterday! 
 Fling out your banners to the breeze. 
 
 Each building, home drape well; 
 They've now returned across the seas — 
 
 From out that living hell! 
 Fresh from the shell-swept battle fields. 
 
 Blood-stained a crimson hue; 
 Whereon you caused the foe to yield — 
 
 We welcome you! 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 409 
 
 HERE'S THE TWENTY-SEVENTH 
 By Damon Runyon 
 
 (Written for the Twenty-seventh Division's paper, "Near Over," printed on board the Transport Leviatha n, at sea) 
 
 Here's the Twenty-seventh, back from Over Yonder — 
 
 (Lady, with your lamp, we hope you're welL') 
 Meet the lads who did a chunk to make old Jerry 
 ponder — 
 Last address the neighborhood of somewhere-Close- 
 to-Hell! 
 
 Here's the Twenty-seventh — 
 The New York Twenty-seventh! 
 With its memories of its battle deeds — and of its 
 men who fell ! 
 
 Here's the Twenty-seventh, with its luggage in its 
 lockers — 
 (Lady, with your light, how do you do?) 
 Albany and Utica, and Upstate Apple Knockers; 
 Brooklynites and Broadwayites, and of the Avenue. 
 Here's the Twenty-seventh — 
 O'Ryan's Twenty-seventh! 
 Drove against old Hindy's line, by God, and drove 
 it through! 
 
 Here's the Twenty-seventh, packs upon their shoul- 
 ders — 
 (Lady, hear their line of British chaff!) 
 Ask the big Australian who's his pal among the 
 soldiers — 
 Ask our neighbor, the Canuck, how Friend Yank 
 stood the gaff! 
 
 Here's the Twenty-seventh — 
 The New York Twenty-seventh! 
 Hello, Lady, with the light — we want to hear you 
 laugh! 
 
 Here's the Twenty-seventh, back from 'cross the 
 ocean — 
 (Lady, here is Tom and Joe and Dick!) 
 Meet the lads who did a heap to set the Boche in 
 motion — 
 Busted right through Hindy's line and did it, too, 
 sweet — quick ! 
 
 Here's the Twenty-seventh — 
 And here's to the Twenty-seventh! 
 Let 'em take the town apart to see what makes 'er 
 tick! 
 
 WELCOME-SONG TO WARRIORS 
 By J. Corson Miller 
 
 To-day, across the jumbled flood of years, 
 
 Once more, once more. 
 After tumultuous rage and wrack of war, 
 Surcharged with sorrow's songs and trembling tears — 
 We raise a mighty paean of rippling mirth — 
 Joy unconfined — to herald o'er the earth 
 Our welcome-song to warriors who return. 
 With eyes a-flushed with Victory; we burn — 
 Body and soul — with satisfaction now, 
 And toss to heroes chaplets for each brow, 
 Serenely brave while Pain and Death stalked nigh — 
 
 Raise high! Raise high. 
 
 (To 106th and 108th Regiments) 
 
 Ye proud-souled citizens of Buffalo, 
 Your thund'rous cheers up to the smiling sky, 
 For these young warriors who felled the Foe. 
 Ring out, ye great- voiced, blaring trumpets blow! 
 Like gorgeous pageant-strains of long ago. 
 Swell out, ye shrieking whistles, loud and long — 
 Hosannas of wild bliss above the throng. 
 For these are youths who stemmed the hellish tide, 
 When Freedom cried. 
 
 Clang out, mad bells with throats of mellow gold, 
 
 Once more the tale is told. 
 Of Yankee fighters, swift and brave and bold, 
 Through rain or sleet or lashing hail a-cold. 
 Who rose like demons on a blood-drenched field, 
 
 And would not yield 
 Until the Tyrant's hordes were backward rolled. 
 Argonne and Hindenburg's proud bulwarks fell — 
 O warriors of our hearts, ye have done well. 
 Crash out, ye bombs, in Liberty's bright name. 
 Amid the swirl of music, smoke and flame. 
 Reach out Love's hands through morning's bulging hours, 
 And let your greetings fall on them in showers. 
 And as with Rhythmic feet. 
 And soldier-stride they step along the street, 
 As over all of us their triumph towers, 
 Make sweet their path — the home-lit path — 
 
 With flowers. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 411 
 
 DEEP UNTO DEEP 
 By Ella Wheeler Wilcox 
 
 (Written on the occasion of President Wilson's visit to England for the Peace Conference) 
 
 They rode through the bannered city, And one voice now and forever 
 
 The King and the Commoner, Will speak from sea to sea 
 
 And the hopes of the world were with them Wherever the British banner 
 
 And the heart of the world was astir. And the starry flag float free, 
 
 For the moss-grown walls seemed falling For our fettering chains are sundered 
 
 That have shut away men from kings By the evil that turned to good. 
 
 And deep unto deep was calling And deep unto deep has thundered 
 
 For the coming of greater things. Its voice of brotherhood. 
 
 They rode to an age-old palace, 
 
 W' here the feet of the mighty go 
 (A palace that stands unshaken 
 
 Despite the boast of the foe) ; 
 And the King from kings descending 
 
 And the man's of the people's choice 
 In a superman seemed blending 
 
 As they spoke as with one voice. 
 
 It was not a pageant of victory. 
 
 Of a triumph hour of man. 
 That ride through the bannered city — 
 
 It was part of a mighty plan; 
 And the sound of old barriers falling 
 
 Rode there where those rulers trod, 
 For deep unto deep was calling 
 
 In the resonant voice of God. 
 
 THE ENVOY OF THE DEAD 
 
 By Louise Driscoll 
 (Edith Cavell at the Peace Conference) 
 
 (Red Cross nurse executed by a German firing squad on the false charge of being a spy for England — At the close of the war her remains were 
 taken to Westminster .'^bbey, while all England and English-speaking people paid tearful tribute to her memory) 
 
 Did a white moth flutter against the window pane? 
 
 Did a light wind whisper through the council hall? 
 The great men looked up, to see if it would come again, 
 
 And a listening silence fell upon them all. 
 
 Then they seemed to see her, coming with her bandaged eyes; 
 
 There was blood upon her dress where her wounds were bare; 
 So they placed a chair for her, without question or surprise. 
 
 For they knew the mighty dead had chosen to send her there. 
 
 The mighty Nation of the Dead, who died on land and sea. 
 And by the rood, you know their wounds, Christ on Calvary! 
 
 They chose her, for she knew them all, soldier and little child — 
 
 The girls who in an hour grew old had sent a word by her, 
 Within her quiet hands she held their wrongs unreconciled — 
 
 She led a long procession, like a white-robed crucifer. 
 
 And while they spoke of food and trade, she sat and listened, quietly; 
 
 And when they spoke of armaments, she had no word to say to them, 
 But when they spoke of justice, she arose in simple dignity. 
 
 Straight as the wooden cross men set outside Jerusalem. 
 
 The Prince of Peace Himself has said: "Repentance is the only gate." 
 There is no devious way to it. The way is narrow and is straight. 
 
 The snow fell softly, like white moths against the window pane; 
 
 It may be that a little wind went through the council room; 
 They seemed to see her coming back, to speak with living men again- 
 
 The Envoy of the Dead that wait beyond the silence of the tomb! 
 
412 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER CVI 
 NEW 74th regiment INFANTRY N. G. S. N. Y. 
 
 THE history of the New 74th Regiment is a small part of the cumulative evidence of the de- 
 termined military policy adopted by the State of New York in the face of the great men- 
 ace to our liberties which the world war disclosed. It was also an earnest attempt to retrieve 
 the errors of delay and unpreparedness of which we had become acutely conscious. 
 
 The organizations of the National Guard having been mustered into the service of the United 
 States upon the requisition of the President, and the entry of other organizations into such 
 service being in prospect on April 20th, 1917, Governor Whitman directed the immediate for- 
 mation of depot battalions, and Adjutant-General Louis W. Stotesbury issued detailed orders 
 to that effect, with the expressed intention of preparing military organizations, both in compli- 
 ance with the State law requiring a maximum of 10,000 armed men for State defense and, also, 
 for the further military necessities of the nation. This was, of course, before the Selective Ser- 
 vice Law had been enacted. 
 
 The interim between the departure of the old 74th Regiment, N.G.N.Y., and the formation 
 of) the first depot battalion was intrusted to Captain Charles R. Hurley. 
 
 The appointment of Major Newton E. Turgeon was made October 17th, 1917. He assumed 
 command October 22nd and the actual formation of the New 74th was definitely undertaken, 
 under the name of the 74th Infantry, N.Y.G. Company A was first formed with Captain James 
 R. Horton in command; Company B with Captain William W. McElroy; Company C with 
 Captain Ansley W. Sawyer and Company D with Captain J. Craig Roberts; 1st Lieut. Edward 
 S. Pilcher was made Battalion Adjutant, and 1st Lieut. Charles A. Kendall Ordnance Officer 
 
 Memorial Day, 1919. G. A. R. Escorts Returning Members of 78th Division 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 413 
 
 and Inspector of Small Arms Practice; 1st Lieut. Joseph W. Becker, Supply Officer, and Captain 
 Karl F. Eschelman was commissioned Surgeon. 
 
 This first battalion came into being almost overnight as a result of the active military spirit 
 of the time, and the strenuous policy adopted by the officers of the new organization. The bat- 
 talion was in uniform almost immediately and was equipped with the Canadian Ross rifle. 
 
 Other Companies formed in Western New York were assigned to this battalion until more 
 than a sufficient number to constitute a regiment had been added, at which time a regimental 
 organization was organized. Major Newton E. Turgeon being commissioned as Colonel in com- 
 mand November 20th, 1917. 
 
 Battalions were thereafter immediately created as follows: 
 
 First Battalion, as above designated with Company K of Tonawanda added, under com- 
 mand of Captain Frank A. Wallace; Captain James R. Horton of Company A being commis- 
 sioned ]Major, and assigned to the command of the battalion. 
 
 Second Battalion, consisting of Company E of Jamestown, 1st Lieut. Frank A. Johnson; Com- 
 pany I of Olean, Captain Herschel D. Raub; Company M of East Aurora, Captain Harry W. 
 Mead; Company S of Salamanca, Captain Olin W. Kelsey, and Company W of Warsaw, 1st 
 Lieut. John H. Moore; the battalion commander being Major Fred W. Hyde of Jamestown. 
 
 Third Battalion, consisting of Company F, Medina, Captain Carl H. Breed; Company G of 
 Niagara Falls, Captain Charles P. Keller; Company H of Niagara Falls, Captain Henry Chor- 
 mann; Company L of Niagara Falls, Captain Max H. Elbe and Company N of Albion, Captain 
 John S. Beckwith; the battalion being in command of Major Hector W. MacBean of Niagara 
 Falls. 
 
 The Staff officers heretofore mentioned were thereupon raised to proportionate regimental 
 grade and Rev. George F. WiUiams of Buffalo, commissioned Captain Chaplain, and Frank S. 
 Sidway Lieut. -Colonel and assigned to duty as such. 
 
 On May 24th, 1918, G. O. 26, A. G. 0., the Second Battalion, alone referred to, was transferred 
 in its entirety to the 65th Infantry, N. Y. G., and authority was immediately granted to the Com- 
 manding Officer, 74th Infantry, N. Y. G., to organize an additional battalion in Buffalo, to be 
 known as the 2nd Battalion. This battalion was created with Companies as follows: 
 
 Company T, Captain Elmer F. Adler; Company U, Captain Emil F. Becker; Company V, 
 1st Lieut. Roderick MacGregor; Company Y, Captain Frank W. Bannister. The letter desig- 
 nations of three of these companies were afterwards changed as follows: U to E; V to I; and Y 
 to M. Captain Charles A. Kendall was commissioned Major and assigned to command of the 
 battalion. 
 
 The recruiting of the regiment to full strength and its rapid acquisition of soldierly pro- 
 ficiency were accomplished even with the Selective Service Law, which took a toll of 532 
 from the ranks of the regiment. That these were well prepared is sufficiently established by the 
 fact that a large majority of them became non-commissioned officers immediately upon arrival 
 at the training camps. 
 
 A regimental stand of colors was provided through the generosity of the Saturn Club of Buf- 
 falo, the National and State emblems being presented on April 6th, 1918, by Dean William W. 
 Smith of the Club. 
 
 The following officers of the regiment as then constituted were formerly with the old 74th 
 Regiment N. G. N. Y. 
 
 Colonel, Newton E. Turgeon; Lieutenant Colonel, Frank P. Sidway; Majors, James R. Horton, Charles A. 
 Kendall and Karl F. Eschelman; Captains, Edward S. Pilcher, Joseph W. Becker, W. W. McElroy, J. Craig 
 Roberts and Frank W. Bannister; Lieutenants, Howard H. Burnell and John J. Webb. 
 
414 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER CVII 
 
 NEW 65th regiment INFANTRY, N. G. S. N. Y. 
 
 THIS brief history of the miUtary unit we now call the New 65th Regiment Infantry N. Y. G. 
 begins with a date which will henceforth be memorable in the annals of Buffalo. This was 
 September 24, 1917, when the 3rd Field Artillery N. Y. G. left Buffalo for Camp Wads- 
 worth, S. C. after being drafted into the Army of the United States as the 106th Regular Field 
 Artillery. The 106th went into the great war in France with the now famous 27th Division; 
 its glorious deeds must here be omitted having been told at length elsewhere. 
 
 In June, 1916, the 65th Infantry N. G. N. Y. had been ordered to Camp Whitman, where it re- 
 mained until October of the same year. While at Camp Whitman, on July 10th, the 65th was 
 transferred to the Artillery arm of the service, designated 3rd Field Artillery N. G. N. Y., and 
 as such early in October was sent to the Mexican border as part of the thoroughly equipped New 
 York Division. Upon its return in March, 1917, to Buffalo, the 3rd Field Artillery took up its 
 quarters again in the Masten St. Armory in the State service. This State service, however, was 
 not to last very long. Pursuant to the call of the President, General Order 35, A. G. 0., July 12th, 
 1917, the 3rd Field Artillery N. G. N. Y. assembled at the Armory July 16, 1917, for initial mus- 
 ter into the service of the United States. The Regiment left Buffalo for Camp Wadsworth, S. C, 
 September 24, 1917. Ten hundred and fifty officers and men from the 3rd Field Artillery N. G. 
 N. Y., well trained and carefully instructed for the most part by officers of the National Guard, 
 entered into the service of the United States to do their brilliant share in the cause of liberty 
 and justice. 
 
 The call of July, 1917, took substantially all of the members of the National Guard of New 
 York into the Federal Service. On this occasion, as in June, 1916, when the regiment left Buffalo 
 for Camp Whitman, a depot battalion was organized and became, especially in its officers, the 
 nucleus of the present 65th. Thirty men, who for various reasons could not go to Camp Whit- 
 man, formed the first depot battalion and furnished guard in and about the armory until the 
 return of the 3rd Field Artillery N. G. N. Y. from border service. 
 
 For the formation of the second depot battalion, the same officers were detailed, but efforts 
 to recruit this unit were almost entirely unsuccessful. In order not to interfere in any way with 
 the selective draft laws and voluntary enlistments in the U. S. Army, these efforts were defi- 
 nitely abandoned after a short time. In October, 1917, however, it was felt that the time had 
 come to make every possible effort to fill the tremendous gaps left in the National Guard of New 
 York by the call to Federal service. An active recruiting campaign was immediately set on foot, 
 and, with the generous assistance and well-directed co-operation of the Buffalo Chamber of 
 Commerce, the little group of officers left at the Masten St. Armory soon saw five batteries 
 mustered into the State service as follows; Battery E, Captain Nelson T. Barrett, commanding, 
 November 5, 1917; Battery F, Captain Jacob Brost, commanding, November 25, 1917; Battery 
 D, Lieutenant Wm. W. De Rango commanding, November 26, 1917; and Battery A, Captain 
 Leo C. Harte, commanding, August 20, 1917; Battery C, Captain John W. Johnson, commanding, 
 August 8, 1917. The appreciation of the work done by the Chamber of Commerce is best told 
 in the official language of the Adjutant General's Office: "It seems appropriate now to publish 
 an appreciation of the valuable assistance which on numerous occasions since September 1st, 
 1917, has been rendered by the commercial oragnizations of the State in the recruiting and ad- 
 ministration of the new military body known as the New York Guard now numbering about 
 21,000 officers and enUsted men. When difficulties arose in the recruiting of the two regiments 
 stationed in Buffalo, the Buffalo Chamber of Commerce voted a substantial appropriation for 
 a recruiting campaign and lent it all their powerful influence, with the result that all the desired 
 men for those regiments were rapidly secured". (G. 0. 32, A. G. 0., June 28th, 1918.) 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 415 
 
 The next steps in the history and development of the new 65th were taken on May 24, 1918, 
 when General Orders No. 26, A. G. 0. were issued from Albany as follows: "Owing to the large 
 number of units of the New York Guard which have been formed in the territory assigned by 
 G.O. No. 58 A. G. O. 1917, to the 74th Infantry, N. Y. G., and also because of changes in the 3rd 
 Field Artillery, N. Y. G. the latter organization (less Battery "A") is hereby reorganized as a 
 regiment of Infantry and designated as the 65th Infantry, N. Y. G., with headquarters at the 
 State Armory, 29 Hasten street, Buffalo, N. Y. To the 65th Infantry, N. Y. G. will be attached 
 units with letter designations as follows: Companies A, B, D, F, G, stationed at Buffalo, Co. E at 
 Jamestown, Co. I at Olean, Co. M at East Aurora, Co. L at Salamanca, Co. K at Warsaw. Bat- 
 teries A and C, 3rd Field Artillery N. Y. G. are constituted companies of Infantry and attached 
 to the 3rd Infantry N. Y. G. The officers and enlisted men of this unit now on active service 
 with the 1st Provisional Regiment N. Y. G., guarding the New York Aqueduct will continue on 
 that duty." 
 
 Major Lyman P. Hubbell was promoted to the rank of Colonel and pursuant to S. 0. 44, 4B, 
 1918, assumed command of the new 65th Regiment Infantry May 30th, 1918. He gathered 
 around him the following staff of officers: 
 
 Majors Frederick W. Hyde and Nelson T. Barrett; Captain George Harvey Norton, I. S. A. P.; First Lieutenant 
 Guilford W. Francis, Assistant I. S. A. P. and Captain Miles J. O'Mailia, Chaplain. 
 
 Attached — Major William G. Bissell; Captains Fred C. Purcell, Thomas B. Loughlin, Philip H. Bourne. and 
 Franklin C. Gram, Medical corps. 
 
 Headquarters Company — Captain Joseph M. Gwinner, Regimental Adjutant; First Lieutenants Charles M. 
 Scheiterle, Jr. and Harry D. Curtiss, Battalion Adjutants. 
 
 Supply Company — Captain Frank M. Chapin, Second Lieutenant Harry J. Holroyd. 
 
 Company "A" — Captain Charles H. Hamilton, Jr., First Lieutenant Laurens E. Wilgus. 
 
 Company "B" — Captain Andrew B. Gilfillan; Second Lieutenant Kirke R. Wilson. 
 
 Company "D" — Captain William W. De Rango; Second Lieutenant Albert R. Pankow. 
 
 Company "E" (Jamestown) — Captain Frank A. Johnson; First Lieutenant Selden B. Bemus; Second Lieutenant 
 William L. Nobbs. 
 
 Company "F" — Captain Jacob Brost; First Lieutenant Phihp S. McDougall; Second Lieutenant Sheldon B. 
 Wright. 
 
 Company "G" — Captain Stanislaus Schoen; First Lieutenant John Gatza; Second Lieutenant Stanley F. Jaku- 
 bowski. 
 
 Company "I" (Olean) — Captain Herschel D. Raub; First Lieutenant Van Antwerp Simmons; Second Lieutenant 
 Harold A. Wright. 
 
 Company "K" (Warsaw) — Captain John H. Moore; Second Lieutenant Thomas E. Gott. 
 
 Company "L" (Salamanca) — Captain Burdette Whipple; Second Lieutenant Glenn C. Foy. 
 
 Company "M" (East Aurora) — Captain Harry W. Mead; First Lieutenant Walter F. Kelsey; Second Lieutenant 
 E. Harlan Williams. 
 
 These officers were more than ordinarily efficient in their line, most of them having had long 
 years of experience in various branches of service, e. g.. Colonel Hubbell, 23 years; Major Bar- 
 rett, 26 years; Major Bissell, 22 years; Captain Norton, 29 years; Captain Brost, 20 years; Cap- 
 tain Gilfillan, 20 years; Captain Gwinner, 10 years. These men were therefore peculiarly fitted 
 for the trying and difficult task set them in the organization and instruction of the 65th. They 
 had spent time and energy, too, on the depot battalions that preceded the new 65th but now their 
 efforts were better rewarded. And their reward and praise lie in the fact that they were able 
 to help their country and the Federal service in the time of the country's need. At the signing 
 of the Armistice 800 men were under training in the new 65th; besides that, six commissioned 
 officers and 226 men, well over 25 per cent of all enlistments in the new regiment, entered Federal 
 service. Almost every branch of the service. Infantry, Aviation, Signal Corps, Engineers, Marines, 
 Navy, etc. had its quota, and each and every man who went to the Federal service from the 
 new 65th entered with the elements at least of military instruction. Too much commendation, 
 therefore, cannot be given to the devoted and unselfish officers, who, in spite of difficulties *bf 
 all kinds for love of country and of the Guard gave their time, energies and talents to its train- 
 ing and development. 
 
416 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 The officers of the 65th had long reaUzed the essential aim of the Guard as outlined later by 
 the Adjutant General of the State, "The New York Guard is organized not only because of the 
 requirements of Article XI, Section 3, of the Constitution, requiring the maintenance of at 
 least 10,000 armed men within the State at all times, and to perform the usual military duties, 
 always heretofore so well discharged by the New York National Guard, but also to serve the 
 community during this world-crisis in many other ways, such as the work of fire-prevention 
 covered by the fire-fighting squads now established in all companies of the Guard; by serving 
 as a training school for officers and non-commissioned officers for the Federal Army, as is evi- 
 denced by the large weekly enlistments from the New York Guard into the Federal Army, not 
 only of officers but also and especially of men qualified to serve as non-commissioned officers; 
 and in many other ways thus far but partially developed." 
 
 "Do it for others" should best describe the activity of this extra military service of the New 
 York Guard. It will be proceeding in that spirit that the Guard will continue to deserve and to 
 receive gratifying commendations" (G. 0. No. 32, A. G. 0. June 28, 1918). 
 
 The events have justified the self-sacrifice of the officers of the 65th. The bravery and dis- 
 cipline of the trained troops presented to the country's army by Buffalo in the time of the coun- 
 try's need and the other services rendered so generously will stand forever in the memory of this 
 city as monuments to the devotion and ability of the officers of Buffalo's New York Guard. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 417 
 
 CHAPTER CVIII 
 BUFFALO AT HOME AND HER VISITORS 
 
 IN after years three men "of the cloth "will always stand out in the History of Buffalo as leaders 
 in the War Work at home. While every man and woman was doing his or her bit, it appeared 
 to be general knowledge that an intense patriotic inspiration was given to the community by 
 a little group of clergymen. The Rev. Henry A. Mooney of Old St. Joseph's Cathedral, the Rev, 
 George F. Williams of St. Mary's-on-the-Hill and Rabbi Louis J. Kopald of Temple Beth Zion, 
 never rested in their efforts to put Buffalo over the top in every campaign to aid the Allies and 
 make certain the triumph of American boys in France. The clergymen mentioned and many 
 of their brother clergymen will always stand out as striking figures in the history of the arduous 
 home tasks of this war, taking their places beside Walter P. Cooke of the Liberty Loan, Robert W. 
 Pomeroy and Frank S. McGraw of the Red Cross, William A. Rogers of the United Workers, 
 Mayors Fuhrmann and Buck, E. H. Butler, Ralph S. Kent, James B. Stafford, Roscoe R. Mit- 
 chell, Col. John B. Weber, Oliver Cabana, Howard A. Forman, W. W. Reilly, Newton E. Tur- 
 geon and the other Buffalonians who bent so willingly to the oars in keeping Buffalo in the very 
 first wave of patriotic American municipalities. 
 
 During the period of the war Buffalo was honored on numerous occasions by distinguished 
 visitors from America and from abroad. President and Mrs. Wilson visited the City in 1917 
 to participate in the big labor conference in the Broadway Auditorium. Secretary and Mrs. 
 McAdoo visited Buffalo on several occasions to aid in promoting the Liberty Loan campaigns. 
 Other visitors here were the Hon. Newton D. Baker, Secretary of War; the Hon. Josephus 
 Daniels, Secretary of the Navy; Vice Admiral Sims, Governor Whitman and Governor Smith; 
 Special committees and various members of the U. S. Senate and the House of Representatives, 
 all to lend such assistance as they could in placing before the people the purposes and the 
 importance of the various war work campaigns carried on through the years of 1917 and 1918. 
 
 On the occasion of the visit to America of General Roop with other members of the Russian 
 Commission to seek our aid. General Roop took occasion to visit Buffalo. Later, Prince Axel of 
 Belgium, officers of the Polish Legion, the "Blue Devils" of France, the Royal Grenadiers Band 
 of Italy and a detail of Bersaglieri from the Italian fighting front, and a troop of Belgian 
 soldiers each in turn paid Buffalo a call while visiting in this country. 
 
 Citizens generally joined in the entertainment of these distinguished guests, while a partic- 
 ular effort to make the stay of each here pleasant was put forth by Mayors Fuhrmann and 
 Buck, Norman E. Mack, Frank B. Baird, E. H. Butler, W. J. Conners, Walter P. Cooke, of the 
 Liberty Loan Committee, and Robert W. Pomeroy of the Red Cross. The form of entertainment 
 ran the whole gamut which custom sanctions and society provides, and at no point did it fail. 
 
 While receptions were taking up the time of some, forms of relief work were assigned to 
 others. Of the many claims on our sympathy during the great war, the cause of the Armenians 
 stirred our hearts to the uttermost. Their country conquered and despoiled and they always the 
 victims of martydom because of their religion, as well as for their persistent success in commer- 
 cial life became the victims of horrible cruelties. To exterminate them as a people, had long 
 been the effort of the Turks. The war brought that opportunity. Abetted by the Imperial 
 German Government, and absolutely unrestrained by any sense of mercy, the Turkish Govern- 
 ment deliberately set about their deportation; confiscating their property, and murdering them 
 in the desert places of their banishment. 
 
 Buffalo was peculiarly interested in the fate of the Armenians, not merely because of sad stories 
 which had come to us over the cables, but also because many of our citizens had personal acquaint- 
 ance with and among the Armenian Christians in recent years and knew some of those who 
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 President Wilson Under Escort on Occasion of his Visit to BufiFalo 
 
 Josephus Daniels, Secretary of Navy, Walter P. Cooke and Norman E. Mack 
 
 Governor Alfred E. Smith and Walter P. Cooke 
 
 William G. McAdoo, Secretary of the Treasury 
 
 On occasion of his visit to Buffalo in the interests of the Liberty Loan. The escorting party included Walter P. Cooke; 
 
 William J. Conners, owner of the Courier and Enquirer; Norman E. Mack, owner of the Times; 
 
 Vincent Riordan, Collector of Internal Revenue 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 419 
 
 supported a hospital at Urumian, in Northwestern Persia, near the Turkish border, which had a 
 considerable share in caring for many of the Armenian refugees and Syrian Christians who had 
 been so ruthlessly despoiled. In maintenance of that particular work, many thousands of dollars 
 were contributed in Buffalo. Other churches also had responded most liberally to the various 
 appeals made, and their sympathetic interest had taken tangible form. 
 
 To co-operate in the great work of the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief, 
 the Buffalo Committee was formed in the summer of 1917, through the efforts of Ernest T. Shaw, 
 representing the National Committee, and comprised the following: G. Barrett Rich Jr., Chair- 
 man; Clinton S. Bradley, Vice Chairman; Guilford W. Francis, Secretary; William H. Walker, 
 Treasurer; H. Ralph Badger, Clement H. Cochran, Daniel J. Kenefick, Hugh Kennedy, John A. 
 Kloepfer, Rabbi Louis J. Kopald, Albert F. Laub, Edward P. Lupfer, Thomas D. Powell, Charles 
 R. Wiers, and Mrs. Henry Altman, Chairman Women's Division. 
 
 During October and November of 1917, an appeal was made to the churches and notable 
 among the results obtained were the appeals of Dr. Samuel V. V. Holmes, Dr. Andrew V. V. Ray- 
 mond, and Rev. H. H. Hubbell, to their respective congregations. One of the first churches 
 in Buffalo to sponsor the cause of Armenian and Syrian Relief was Temple Beth Zion, Delaware 
 Avenue, where a plea followed immediately by a gratifying collection was made by Rabbi Louis 
 J. Kopald. 
 
 A patriotic rally held in December, under the auspices of that Committee, was addressed by 
 Rev. Frank W. Gunsaulus, President Armour Institute of Technology, Chicago, and proved a 
 most stirring event resulting in a substantial contribution to the cause of Armenian and Syrian 
 Relief, the call being given by the Rev. Samuel V. V. Holmes, D. D. 
 
 The city-wide sympathy in Armenian and SjT:"ian Relief was demonstrated strongly through 
 the fact that the Community Thanksgiving Service Committee, representing twenty denomina- 
 tions and of which Rabbi Louis J. Kopald of Temple Beth Zion was Chairman, on the occasion 
 
 Colored Troops Return Home — Another of Dr. Bruso's Contingents 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 421 
 
 of the Second and Third Services unanimously decided to devote the collections to the Armenian 
 and Syrian Relief Committee of Buffalo. At the Second Service held in the Teck Theatre in 1917, 
 when the Rev. Dr. Frank W. Gunsaulus of Chicago was the speaker, the appeal was made by 
 the Rev. Samuel V. V. Holmes, D. D. of Westminster Church, Presbyterian. At the Third 
 Service in 1918, at Elmwood Hall, when Secretary of the Navy Daniels delivered the address, 
 the appeal was made by the Rev. Richard W. Boynton, of the First Unitarian Church. 
 
 Prior to the formation of the Buffalo Division for Armenian and Syrian Relief, substantial 
 amounts had been contributed by individuals and largely through the Buffalo War Relief Com- 
 mittee, of which Charles Clifton was President. The funds raised at the Allied Bazaar and Ex- 
 position in April, 1917, of which Mrs. Henry Altman was Chairman of the Woman's Advisory 
 Board, and Mrs. John A. Van Arsdale, Chairman of the Armenian Division, were through their 
 efforts, forwarded to the Buffalo Committee and sent through this agency to the National Head- 
 quarters in New York City. 
 
422 Buffalo's Paet in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER CIX 
 
 HOME DEFENSE COMMITTEE OF ERIE COUNTY 
 
 THE Home Defense Committee of Erie County was appointed by a Committee consisting of 
 Philip A. Laing, County Judge; Thomas H. McElvein Jr., Chairman of the Board of Su- 
 pervisors, and Louis P. Fuhrmann, Mayor of the City of Buffalo. The Committee was ap- 
 pointed at the instance of Charles H. Whitman, Governor of the State of New York, a similar 
 committee being designated for each county of the State. 
 
 The Committee named in Erie County was as follows: Col. John B. Weber, who was made 
 Chairman; Hon. George A. Davis, Vice Chairman; Hamilton Ward, Secretary; Clifford Hubbell, 
 Treasurer; and Clarence M. Bushnell, James W. Greene and Dr. Horatio S. Wende, of Tona- 
 wanda. This Committee remained the same with but two changes; Mr. Clarence M. Bushnell 
 died in February, 1918, and the Hon. Louis P. Fuhrmann was elected in his place. In October, 
 1917, Mrs. Frank W. Fiske, Jr., President of the National League for Woman's Service, was 
 added to the Committee. Frank B. Steele was appointed Executive Secretary at the first regular 
 meeting. 
 
 Under a comprehensive plan, emanating from the Adjutant General's office at Albany, the 
 following sub-committees were formed : 
 
 Military Census and Inventory, Finance, Publicity and Information, Defense and Security, 
 Military Intelligence, Transportation, Food Production and Conservation, Co-operating Agen- 
 cies, Aliens, Instruction, Health and Hospital, Religious and Industrial. To each member of 
 the Home Defense Committee was assigned one or more of these committees to carry out the 
 purpose and work of the particular committee, and also to procure sub-chairmen of these com- 
 mittees who would be competent to carry on their tasks. This was done at once and the follow- 
 ing men were appointed to act as chairmen of these committees: Military Census, John Henry 
 Madden, who had formerly been the director of both the United States Census for this district 
 and also for the New York State Census of 1915; Finance, Hon. Louis P. Fuhrmann, Mayor of 
 the City of Buffalo; Publicity and Information, Daniel J. Sweeney, City Clerk and formerly 
 Editor of the Buffalo Times; Defense and Security, General Edgar B. Jewett, former Mayor 
 of Buffalo and a military man of great experience; Transportation, Harry Parry, of the New 
 York Central Railroad; Food Production and Conservation, Frank Converse, who afterwards 
 resigned and Norman M. Clement was appointed in his place. Mr Clement served until he was 
 commissioned in the LTnited States service, and George Urban, Jr., was designated in his stead 
 and served with great abiUty until the end of the work; Aliens, Mr. Edwin A. Rumball, who 
 later resigned, and Dr. F. Park Lewis was appointed in his place; Co-operating Agencies, 
 Hon. George A Davis; Instruction Dr. Daniel Upton, Principal of the State Normal School, 
 who served until his death in 1918; Health and Hospital, Dr. Walter S. Goodale; Industrial, 
 Archer A. Landon; Religious, Rev. Murray H. Howland of the Lafayette Presbyterian Church. 
 
 By direction of the Governor and the Adjutant General of the State of New York, the Defense 
 and Security Committee was required to organize and equip a Home Defense Corps, the name be- 
 ing changed afterward to the Home Defense Reserve. General Edgar B. Jewett had been selected 
 for this work, and gave it his untiring and constant attention. Through his efforts and those of 
 the enthusiastic men working under him a Home Defense Reserve was organized in Erie County, 
 consisting of twelve companies in Buffalo and one each in Tonawanda, Kenmore, Depew and 
 East Aurora. The average number of men in a company was 80, making a total of 1,280. All 
 these companies were organized under competent officers, men who had served either in the 
 United States Army, in the State Militia, or some other military body. In fact the greater part 
 of the personnel of this organization consisted of men who had seen service in some military or- 
 ganization, and were beyond the draft age or too young for conscription. The companies drilled 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 423 
 
 regularly either at the regimental armories or upon the streets of Buffalo and soon became a most 
 efficient body of men. They gave their time and abilities to every public demonstration, es- 
 pecially giving weeks of hard and successful work for the Liberty Loan campaigns. Tents were 
 established in many places in the city, and the men took many hours away from their business 
 to work for the success of the Liberty Loans. 
 
 Through the efforts of General Jewett and his committee and the officers of the Home Defense 
 Reserve the organization was fully equipped with uniforms, overcoats and rifles. The expense of 
 this equipment was borne by the County of Erie and amounted to something under fifty thousand 
 dollars. 
 
 By outdoor meetings with fireworks and bands, moving picture announcements and speakers 
 and other work, most successful results were obtained. This was shown by the fact that large 
 increases were made in recruiting both in the United States service and in the State Militia. 
 One entire company of the Home Defense Reserve went over in a body to the State Militia and 
 a large percentage of men who were in many of the Buffalo companies went into the State Guard 
 to assist in building up that depleted body. 
 
 Because of some friction with the State officials at Albany and because of lack of proper 
 regulations in the organization of the Home Defense Reserve, the officers above captains never 
 received commissions. At an early meeting of the members Herbert L Sackett was elected Col- 
 onel and Erastus C. Knight, Lieut. -Colonel. There were also serving Majors Knight, Neftel and 
 William H. Slay ton. 
 
 Those gentlemen remained nominally in command of the Guard and Colonel Sackett, and Ma- 
 jors Knight and Neftel were tireless in their labors to make this organization a success. It was 
 by means of the efforts of the officers who continued with the Guard until mustered out that 
 the organization was ready at any and all times to protect the city and county from disorder 
 when there was no State guard to protect the great industrial interests of this locality and was 
 a great safeguard against possible trouble. The officers who commanded the several companies, 
 and were mustered out at the end, were as follows: 
 
 Company 183 — Captain George E. Gatley, First Lieutenant Harlan P. Bosworth, Second Lieutenant Frank A. 
 Halliday. 
 
 Company 184 — Captain Edward Everitt, First Lieutenant Artiiur M. Stone, Second Lieutenant Russell J. Cooper. 
 
 Company 185 — Captain F. D. Goodyear, First Lieutenant L. J. Thompson, Second Lieutenant Anton Johnson. 
 
 Company 186 — Captain Alva L. Graham, First Lieutenant Charles Cooper, Second Lieutenant R. G. Fisher. 
 
 Company 187 — Captain L. A. Lutz, First Lieutenant G. W. Francis, Second Lieutenant W. A. Lindner. 
 
 Company 188 — Captain Fred J. Seames, First Lieutenant T. H. Pfrommer, Second Lieutenant Charles Schoenut. 
 
 Company 189 — Captain Edwin H. Dietzer, First Lieutenant W. A. Russell, Second Lieutenant L. W. H. Gibbs. 
 
 Company 190 — Captain C. C. Willard, First Lieutenant J. F. Bohn, Second Lieutenant Frank Thompson. 
 
 Company 191 — Captain Henry E. W. Simon, First Lieutenant W. E. Seely, Second Lieutenant Noble Robinson. 
 
 Company 192 — Captain Julius Maass, First Lieutenant Walter J. Bruehl, Second Lieutenant Penn R. Watson. 
 
 Company 193 — Captain David W. Thompson, First Lieutenant Frank Kirkpatrick, Second Lieutenant Anthony 
 Cirrincione. 
 
 Company 194 — Captain Peter Czosek, First Lieutenant Frank Kwiecikowski. 
 
 Company 195 — Captain Roy A. Perrigo, First Lieutenant R. L. Kimberley. 
 
 Company 196 — Captain Arthur B. Wolf, First Lieutenant Ralph W. Simson, Second Lieutenant Roland Baxter. 
 
 Company 197 — Captain John Gatza, Depew Company. 
 
424 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER CX 
 CHILD WELFARE PROGRAM IN WAR TIME 
 
 ON the first anniversary of the entrance of our nation into war, Miss Julia C. Lathrop, Chief 
 of the Federal Children's Bureau under the Department of Labor, announced a compre- 
 hensive "Child Welfare Program" for the United States for war-time and designated the 
 second year of war as "Children's Year." 
 
 There were two reasons for launching this nation-wide campaign: First, because the protec- 
 tion of child life was an imperative patriotic duty in view of the unavoidable wastage of human 
 life during war; Second, because of the opportunity for America to profit by the experience of 
 other warring countries where marked emphasis was laid upon the importance of safeguarding 
 child-life. 
 
 The program presented may be briefly stated under four heads: 
 
 1 — Public protection of maternity and infancy — slogan "To save 100,000 babies." 
 2 — Mothers' care of older children — through widows' pensions and right-labor-laws. 
 3 — Enforcement of child-labor laws and procuring full schooling for all children. 
 4 — Abundant constructive recreation for children and youth. 
 
 The Women's Committee of the Council of National Defense accepted this challenge for ser- 
 vice for the children and took entire charge of this great National Campaign. State and district 
 chairmen were appointed. Mrs. Henry Osgood Holland was chosen Chairman for the Buffalo 
 District. Mrs. George S. Buck was chosen an honorary Chairman. Mrs. Holland selected a com- 
 mittee of one hundred women, fitted by education and experience, to carry out this program. 
 Mrs. Raymond T. Fiske was appointed Secretary, and Mrs. Edgar Winters, Historian. 
 
 The City Commissioners generously appropriated fifteen thousand dollars to make possible the 
 accomplishment of that work. To avoid over-lapping and repetition of effort and to provide 
 medical and trained helpers to follow up the work of the committee this special committee co- 
 ordinated its task with that of the Department of Health, Dr. Franklin C. Gram, acting chief, 
 and the District Nursing Association, Miss Mary A. Lewis, President, and Mrs. Anna Hansen, 
 Superintendent. 
 
 The following Advisory Committee was appointed: 
 
 Dr. Dewitt Sherman, Chairman; Miss Mary A. Lewis, Vice-Chairman; Mesdames R. B. Adam, Humphrey Birge, 
 S. M. Clement, Chauncey J. Hamlin, John D. Larkin, Jr., Dexter P. Rumsey, Parton Swift, W. H. Wickwire, Harry 
 Yates and Emanuel Boasberg, Dr. C. S. Borzilleri, B. Dorasewicz, Dr. F. Park Lewis, Dr. George S. Staniland, George 
 J. Zimmerman. The Executive Committee had the following members: Doctors Edward Durney, Chairman; 
 Franklin C. Gram, Walter S. Goodale, Douglas P. Arnold, H. K. DeGroat, Mrs. Anna Hansen, August Schneider 
 and Mrs. Henry Osgood Holland. 
 
 The Children's Year Committee of the Buffalo District did earnest, sacrificial work through- 
 out the year, contending at heavy odds against five months of influenza epidemic and a pronounced 
 shortage of nurses and physicians. This big group of intelligent volunteer workers was a life- 
 saving force in the city, and they turned the eyes of the community upon the children in so vital 
 a way as to reveal a great need and to win enthusiastic co-operation for future child-welfare work. 
 
 A partial list of the results accomplished follows: 
 
 1 — Talks to the older girls of the grammar schools on the care of the Baby. 
 
 2 — Health Survey by house-to-house visitation — a gigantic task in which over four hundred women had a part — to 
 obtain statistics of the physical condition of mothers and of children of pre-school age. The returns were tabulated 
 and district nurses and physicians visited all cases needing special care. 
 
 3 — A lecture course for young mothers planned by the Department of Health and given by city specialists in the 
 Hengerer Auditorium. 
 
 4 — A broad and constructive program of recreation work was planned and carried out by A. C. Febrey under 
 the Department of Parks and Playgrounds. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 425 
 
 5 — A campaign to persuade parents to give to their children a full measure of education to prepare them physically, 
 mentally and morally for true success in life was vigorously conducted in which the Department of Public Instruction 
 and the State Employment Bureau co-operated. Scholarships for bright children were given to keep them in school. 
 
 6 — Special speakers were brought to address public meetings along the line of child-welfare. 
 
 7 — City specialists gave brief talks at the monthly meetings of the committees. 
 
 8 — The babies of Buffalo were weighed and measured by the Health Clinics. 
 
 9 — Posters, dodgers, leaflets by the thousands were used in street cars, schools, stores and other public buildings 
 to give broad publicity to the work. 
 
 The Federal Children's Year Committee was as follows: 
 
 Mrs. Henry Osgood Holland, General Chairman; Mrs. George S. Buck, Honorary Chairman; Mrs. Eleanor 
 Barton, Mrs. J. Remsen Bennett, Mrs. L. L. Berger, Mrs. Harry A. Bliss, Mrs. Clinton S. Bradley, Mrs. F. H. Brewster, 
 Mrs. Clayton M. Brown, Mrs. W. E. Campbell, Mrs. Thomas B. Carpenter, Mrs. John Chalmers, Mrs. Jas. W. Char- 
 ters, Mrs. A. J. Colton, Mrs. Thomas Coulson, Mrs. George Crosier, Mrs. Charles Damon, Mrs. Edward F. Dold, 
 Mrs. Victor Dold, Mrs. Howard Dunn, Mrs. C. C. Durst, Mrs. W. B. Errington, Mrs. Raymond T. Fiske, Mrs. 
 David F. Foley, Mrs. Anna Fox, Mrs. John Ferguson, Mrs. E. A. Graves, Mrs. Ida Grumiaux, Mrs. A. G. Hatch, 
 Dr. Edith R. Hatch, Mrs. Elizabeth R. Hanley, Mrs. M. Ray Hammond. Mrs. Anna Hansen, Mrs. Edgar M. Hayman, 
 Mrs. Charles M. Helmer, Mrs. Herbert M. Hill, Miss Dorothy Hill, Mrs. George A. Himmelsbach, Mrs. F. C. Hoffman, 
 Miss Mary E. Hodgkins, Mrs. Walter M. Hopping, Mrs. Edwin J. Howe, Mrs. F. M. Hahler, Mrs. Felix Kessel, 
 Mrs. Walter Lampman, Miss Mary A. Lewis, Miss Mary E. Lewis, Mrs. William Lenhard, Mrs. Earl P. Lothrop, 
 Mrs. E. M. McClure, Mrs. Wm. E. McLennan, Mrs. John McLeod, Mrs. George H. McMichael, Mrs. W. H. Marcy, 
 Mrs. John Milligan, Mrs. S. C. Moss, Mrs. H. M. Morrison, Miss Naught, Mrs. Robert M. Nevins, Miss Dorothy 
 Peters, Mrs. D. Frederic Potter, Mrs. Irving W. Potter, Mrs. Samuel H. Pooley, Mrs. Thomas L. Quigley, Miss 
 Mary E. Remington, Mrs. Elsie Rothschild, Mrs. Mary Shannon, Mrs. W. J. Shoemaker, Dr. Jennie M. Schofield, 
 Mrs. M. Schroetter, Mrs. George A. Stesel, Mrs. C. C. Slaght, Dr. Mary N. Sloan, Mrs. Frank W. Standart, Mrs. 
 E. G. Spaulding, Mrs. George Storner, Miss Loretta Stanton, Mrs. William G. Taylor, Mrs. Eleanor Tanner, Mrs. 
 M. E. Townsend, Mrs. Louis Ullman, Mrs. Frank S. Vester, Mrs. Albert W. Weaver, Mrs. 0. F. Webster, Mrs. A. H. 
 Weston, Mrs. Ansley White, Mrs. Edgar Winters, Miss Cecil B. Wiener, Mrs. Avery C. Wolfe and Mrs. William D. 
 Weinig. 
 
426 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER CXI 
 BELGIAN RELIEF FUND COMMITTEE 
 
 IN October, 1914, we heard the sad story of the invasion of Belgium by the Huns. On the 23d 
 of that month Madame Lalla Vandervelde, an EngHshwoman by birth, and the wife of one 
 of the Ministers of State of Belgium, came to Buffalo with a letter of introduction to George 
 P. Sawyer. Three days later, namely on Sunday, October 25th, a meeting was held in the First 
 Presbyterian Church, addressed by Madame Vandervelde, and presided over by the late Dr. 
 Andrew V. V. Raymond, who in his touching and eloquent introduction of the speaker squarely 
 put himself on record as being not neutral but a partisan of France and England, and his state- 
 ment called forth great enthusiasm. A collection was taken up, and on the day following persistent 
 requests were made on all sides that a permanent committee should be formed. During that week 
 the Belgian Relief Fund was erected, with the following list of officers: Edmund Hayes, Chairman; 
 Hugh Kennedy, Treasurer; Charles Clifton, Chairman, and William Hudson, Secretary, Finance 
 Committee; Frank B. Baird, Chairman, Executive Committee, and George P. Sawyer, Purchas- 
 ing Agent. 
 
 The Fund dissolved on November 1st, 1915, and during that interval there was raised and 
 disbursed the sum of $46,520.09, of which $45,051.88 was expended for 8,8693^ barrels of flour, 
 made in Buffalo at the average cost to the Fund of $5.06 per barrel. The rail freight to New 
 York was contributed either by the railroads or by the American Commission for Relief in 
 Belgium; and the ocean freight was paid by the latter or by the Rockefeller Foundation. The 
 Washburn-Crosby Company, the George Urban Milling Company, the Banner Milling Com- 
 pany and Thornton & Chester, donated the manufacturing cost on the flour, which accounts for 
 its very low price. 
 
 The balance of the money, $986.36, was spent for beans. 
 
 In addition to the above contributions, the Buffalo Belgian Relief Fund obtained donations of 
 seven carloads of flour and one carload of salt from neighboring towns, which were shipped 
 direct to New York. The Committee had no expense account, and every penny contributed went 
 net. The Chamber of Commerce co-operated in the subscription campaign to the extent of lend- 
 ing its machinery, the use of its rooms and its efficient secretaries, for several weeks. These con- 
 tributions did not cover all that was done in Buffalo for Belgian relief, as Mr. and Mrs. James 
 How and Dr. G. H. A. Clowes collected and shipped large supplies of new and second hand cloth- 
 ing, much of which was sent to Belgian refugees in England — {continued in chapter CXIII). 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 427 
 
 CHAPTER CXII 
 BUFFALO POLICE RESERVES 
 
 ON April 18, 1917, under the direction of His Honor, Mayor Louis P. Fuhrmann, there was 
 I organized for the protection of Ufe and property within the City of Buffalo of citizens 
 to act as volunteer policemen, so that in case of extreme emergencies, where a large num- 
 ber of policemen were needed, the reserve would be ready and willing to offer their services as 
 special policemen. 
 
 The members received no compensation from the city and were organized and existed purely 
 for the patriotic purpose of serving their city in case of riots or uprisings, and when the members 
 of the Police Department were detailed to protect the great water front which contained hundreds 
 of storehouses and grain elevators, the Police Reserve after daily toil in banks, offices and in the 
 shops, patrolled the streets of the city in the absence of the regular police. 
 
 The Police Reserve were a very active organization until long after the signing of the Armistice. 
 They assisted the Department in disposing of a great many Liberty Bonds and War Savings Stamps, 
 assisted the Red Cross to keep order at parades, and helped with election day and registration 
 day details. 
 
 The Reserve were divided into fourteen different units, one unit attached to each of the police 
 precincts of the city and were under the direction of the captain of the precinct. 
 
 Each unit consisted of a captain, two lieutenants and four sergeants. The name, address, 
 business address, telephone number of each member was kept at the precinct station and at the 
 office of the Chief of Police, so that they could be called without delay, and when called for duty 
 each man was ordered to appear promptly with an extra ration. The police captain furnished 
 every man with a badge, baton and patrol box keys. 
 
 They were required to attend meetings at the station house once each week for the purpose of 
 being instructed in the proper method of performing police duties, and observing rules and 
 regulations, laws and ordinances. They were drilled in the military drills of the U. S. Army, 
 received lectures from the training school instructor, and were ready to give efficient service 
 when called upon, as was proven by the many meritorious arrests made by their members. 
 
 At about the same time the Police Reserve was organized, His Honor, Mayor Fuhrmann, directed 
 the organization of a Volunteer Patrol League. The Volunteer Patrol League was a separate 
 organization from the Police Reserve with officers at police headquarters, and A. B. Wright 
 was elected Chairman. Members of the League were automobile owners and were required to 
 furnish their automobiles for patrol purposes in the residential districts. 
 
428 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER CXIII 
 
 FOR FRANCE AND HER ALLIES 
 
 EARLY in 1916 the demand for war relief in France became acute, the Buffalo Belgian 
 Relief Fund was dissolved and there was erected a new committee known as Buffalo War 
 Relief Committee for France and her Allies. 
 
 Of this committee Charles Clifton was President, and the other members were: Edmund Hayes, 
 A. E. Hedstrom, Hugh Kennedy, William Hudson, J. C. Dann, S. V. V. Holmes, Charles Van 
 Bergen, George B. Mathews, 0. E. Foster, George P. Sawyer. This Committee was formed to 
 cover all branches of war relief, including of course Belgium. It was believed that a general com- 
 mittee would be more effective than a number of separate ones, and each member of the com- 
 mittee was appointed to represent a particular demand. 
 
 This committee was active from January 20, 1916, until it was dissolved February 1, 1918. 
 Like the Belgian Relief Fund it had no expense account, and all contributions were sent net, as 
 designated by the contributors or as decided by the committee. The total was $250,406.99, and 
 the money went to scores and even hundreds of different purposes. The committee received 
 thousands of letters of appreciation, and feels confident that all the money was wisely and eco- 
 nomically spent. 
 
 A detailed statement of its activities would be of interest, but would require more space than 
 the present publication can devote to it. Its expenditures may be grouped as follows: 
 
 French children, mainly through the Children of the Frontier and Fatherless Children of France organizations, 
 $98,832.92; American relief clearing house, Paris, $56,345.89 (largely for French wounded); Armenian and Syrian 
 relief, $22,742.93; Serbian relief, $17,365; Buffalo ward of the American ambulance hospital, $8,410; Buffalo work 
 rooms, purchase of gauze, $3,150. 
 
 Belgian relief agencies, $3,727.50; Buffalo canteen in France, $2,400; American Red Cross in Paris, $5,000; British 
 Red Cross, through Canadian agencies, $3,000; various British war activities, $6,000, of which $2,500 went to the 
 Belgravia war supply depot in which Mr. and Mrs. Herbert Ward were deeply interested and the same amount to 
 Lady Dorothy Stanley for British wounded. 
 
 War activities of the Y. M. C. A., $4,000; hospital kits, $2,144.35; for the blind, $1,393.25; miscellaneous, $14,000, 
 of which $7,395.91 went to Paris as designated by the French booth of the Allied Bazaar, which also gave $7,300 to 
 French children. Another $1,300 of miscellaneous funds went to Italy, $1,700 for surgical appliances and the balance 
 to worthy charities designated by contribution or appropriated by the committee. 
 
 At a meeting in Louisville of the American Library Association, committees were appointed 
 to guide a war task which had been given to the Association by the United States Government. 
 This task was to establish public libraries in all the new army camps and to furnish the men of 
 the army and navy, both at home and abroad, with reading matter. The Association was asked 
 to raise a fund of one million dollars to establish this work. Local campaigns were undertaken 
 all over the country to raise this large sum of money. 
 
 Appeals were made everywhere, also, for the donation of books to be sent to supplement those 
 bought by the A. L. A. These books were shipped, as donated, to different camps to the librarian 
 in charge. Most camps were equipped with library buildings erected by the A. L. A. and efficient 
 library systems placed in operation. 
 
 The Mayor of Buffalo appointed as a local war council to plan the campaign for subscriptions 
 to the Library fund the following: 
 
 Mrs. Henry Altman, Walter L. Brown, Mrs. Walter P. Cooke, Jesse C. Dann, Henry P. Emerson, George C. 
 Finley, James F. Foster, Godfrey M. Frohe, Mrs. L. P. Fuhrmann, Louis B. Hart, Rev. S. V. V. Holmes, Mrs. 
 John Miller Horton, Rev. Charles A. Jessup, Rabbi Louis Kopald, Adelbert Moot, T. T. Ramsdell, George F. Rand, 
 W. Warren Smith, Maurice C. Spratt, James Wilson, Mrs. Harry Yates. 
 
 Most of the members of this committee took an active part in the campaign and are to be 
 credited with what success was attained. W. Warren Smith was the energetic manager, devoting 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 429 
 
 Raising "Old Glory" over Liberty Plant on Vulcan St. 
 
 a great deal of time to it and enlisting the interest of many people. Howard Bissell acted as 
 treasurer. It is not possible to record the obligations of the War Council to all who did active 
 work for its cause, but the Librarian, Walter L. Brown, feels that mention should be made of the 
 liberality of the newspapers in giving so generously of their space; of the airmen who gave an 
 exhibition of flying for the cause; the publicity work of H. Ralph Rodger in preparing many 
 handbills for the campaign; of the social clubs, all of which solicited subscriptions from their 
 members; of the work of many of the schools; and of the active work of the ladies under the 
 direction of Mrs. Henry Altman in collecting money in the hotels and department stores. 
 
 The total amount obtained was $13,112.12, while the expenses were but $384.53. The amount 
 of the national fund reached $1,400,000. 
 
430 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER CXIV 
 
 THE BUFFALO THRIFT KITCHEN 
 
 THE food conservation work in Buffalo was conducted in the beginning by a committee of 
 women with Norman P. Clement as Chairman. This was a sub-committee of the Home 
 Defense Committee of Food Production and Conservation. 
 
 Dr. Horatio S. Wende was in charge of the food production work and Mr. Clement of the food 
 conservation work. Dr. Wende representing the Home Defense Committee had great interest 
 and faith in the value of the project and gave much of his time and influence to its activities. 
 The women's committee consisted of Mrs. Arthur Briggs, Mrs. Thomas B. Carpenter, Mrs. 
 Marcus Darr, Mrs. Frank W. Fiske Jr., Mrs. Edgar C. Neal, Mrs. Melvin P. Porter, Mrs. Daniel 
 Stucki and Mrs. Thew Wright. Later were added Mrs. Irene Servoss, Mrs. Vincent Riordan and 
 Dr. Carro C. Croff. 
 
 The first meeting of the Buffalo committee was called July 30, 1917, by Mr. Clement to meet 
 and discuss plans with Miss Martha Van Rensselaer of Ithaca, who was then in charge of food 
 conservation in the various counties of New York State. 
 
 August 9th Miss Gertrude Gates was sent to Buffalo by the New York State Commission to 
 take charge of the work under the direction of the local committee. Miss Gates was a graduate 
 of Mount Holyoke College, had received her Master's degree at Columbia University in nutri- 
 tion and was in charge of the department of nutrition at Perdue University at the time of her 
 appointment. 
 
 As no plans had been formulated for the support of the work in Buffalo the Home Defense 
 Committee put at her disposal an office and laboratory at 51 Court Street and undertook the 
 financial support of the enterprise. Miss Gates' salary as well as all the salaries later were paid by 
 the State. It was found immediately that the work was so great that Miss Gates would need 
 an assistant and the State commission sent Miss Auleen Russell a graduate of the Home Eco- 
 nomics Department of Cornell University to assist her. 
 
 In August, 1917, Mr. Clement resigned to enter the officers' training camp and George Urban, 
 Jr., was appointed to fill the vacancy. There could have been no happier or wiser appointment 
 than that of Mr. Urban. He gave unstintedly of his money, his time, his energy and his experi- 
 ence, and it was due in a large part to his initiative and supervision and to the capable, untiring 
 devotion of the Vice-Chairman, Mrs. Thomas B. Carpenter, that Buffalo Thrift Kitchen became 
 a model of such kitchens, was used as a training school for expert driers, and became known in 
 nearly every State in the Union as the records testify. 
 
 The Thrift Kitchen itself was conceived by members of the Women's Committee. Mrs. Servoss 
 who was an inspector of the Food and Drug department of the City of Buffalo, reported to the 
 committee the great loss of food on the public markets due in part to wasteful methods, in part 
 to carelessness and in part to loss from overripe fruit and vegetables, with no way of disposing 
 of them. Mrs. Thew Wright made the proposition that the committee provide means of saving 
 or lessening this waste. Thus was the idea of the Thrift Kitchen born, and to this first committee 
 was due the establishment of the first Thrift Kitchen at 37 East Chippewa Street. 
 
 To give a hint of the scope of the work in the very first days a few excerpts from a report 
 covering the period from August 20th to December 20th, 1917, are offered. Sixteen public schools 
 were opened August 20th for weekly demonstrations in canning, preserving, drying, salting, etc. 
 The total attendance for the two weeks was five hundred. Eleven schools were opened October 
 2, 1917, for a series of six lectures and demonstrations on emergency food problems, such as wheat 
 substitutes, meat savers, uses of milk, sugarless desserts, and other cookery puzzles. Six of these 
 schools were opened on Tuesday night of each week. Demonstrations on canning and drying 
 were given at the Normal School twice a week, and, beginning October 11, 1917, a series of eight 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 431 
 
 lectures were given to the housewives in the neighborhood and to the Normal School girls on 
 the problem of war substitutes. Demonstrations were also conducted at about that time in the 
 Buffalo General Electric Building, the J. N. Adam Store and in some of the churches. 
 
 Forty-six general meetings were held with a total attendance of 4,632 people. These were held 
 at the Chamber of Commerce, church societies, City Federation of Women's Clubs, State Con- 
 gress of Mothers, Parent Teachers' Association, bible classes, patriotic rallies, private schools, 
 Red Cross Civilian Relief, Y. W. C. A. domestic service girls. Charity Organization Society, 
 settlement houses, factories, J. C. Dold Packing Company, Larkin Home Economics Class and 
 District Nursing Association. 
 
 Several thousand pledge cards were signed through the efforts of the New York State Suffrage 
 Association before the State work was started in Buffalo. The Food Conservation Committee 
 continued the work by an extensive advertising campaign. Two thousand five hundred posters 
 were printed and distributed in the grocery stores and trolley cars throughout the city. 
 
 Supper menus were planned for many of the churches and exhibits of war breads and meat 
 substitutes were held in co-operation with the Housewives League rally. 
 
 On December 11, 1917, a special department in the Buffalo Evening News was begun. A day's 
 menu with recipe was printed every day except Monday. On Tuesday the recipe was for a meat- 
 less day; Wednesday, wheatless day; Thursday, a sugarless day; Friday, a cornmeal day; and 
 Saturday, a dairy day. All the papers published a "Question Box" of questions and answers 
 on Food Conservation. 
 
 On December 10, 1917, Dr. Schurman, president of Cornell University, came to Buffalo to 
 discuss the food situation. The wheat outlook was becoming alarming and the sugar shortage 
 was looming in the distance. These gentlemen advised that it was necessary to cut down all 
 large committees to as few members as possible in order to work quickly and efficiently. The 
 Buffalo Committee was changed to a committee of three: George Urban, Jr., Chairman; Mrs. 
 Thomas Carpenter, Vice-Chairman, and Louis P. Adolf, Jr., Treasurer. The committee was sub- 
 sequently enlarged by the addition of Mrs. Robert W. Pomeroy, Mrs. Harry D. Kirkover and 
 Mrs. Henry C. Zeller. 
 
 Early in February, 1918, the Thrift Kitchen was moved into larger quarters at 33 East Chip- 
 pewa Street. 
 
 A. B. Schoerke, an expert dryer, was engaged with Fred D. Maunder and Miss Elizabeth Lang 
 as assistants. Women were hired to prepare vegetables. Many women of the city brought their 
 fruits and vegetables to the Kitchen, prepared them and they were dried at cost. Asparagus, 
 beets, carrots, cabbage, .celery, corn, leeks, parsley, parsnips, peas, potatoes, pumpkin, spinach, 
 squash, turnips, soup mixture, peaches, plums, strawberries, raspberries and huckleberries were 
 dried. 
 
 To fill the vacancy caused by the marriage of Miss Gates in December, 1917, the Board of Educa- 
 tion of Buffalo was asked to grant leave of absence to Miss Ethel M. Coan. The most intensive 
 work of the local branch was done under Miss Coan's administration. There were three inten- 
 sive campaigns: wheat, potato and milk. During the wheat campaign, Henry G. Falke, a retired 
 baker, offered his services as an expert bread maker and demonstrated all varieties of war breads. 
 He was a striking figure at the Thrift Kitchen, and Buffalo has reason to be proud of this citizen 
 of foreign birth. During these campaigns experts were called. Mrs. A. W. Richards of Indiana 
 demonstrated southern ways of using cornmeal and Dr. Yamei Kin, a Government expert from 
 Washington demonstrated the use of the Soy Bean Curd as a wheat substitute. 
 
 Milk and cheese dishes were taught and exhibits made by the children in the domestic science 
 classes under the direction of Miss Hackett, acting Director of Domestic Science of the Buffalo 
 Public Schools, and Miss Alta Wiggins, Director of Physical Training, obtained excellent results, 
 her method being copied in other cities. A stream of visitors came to the exhibits and were received 
 by the Collegiate Alumni who volunteered their services for that campaign. Among the dis- 
 tinguished guests were: Governor Whitman, Mayor Buck, Dr. Whitman H. Jordan, Professor 
 
432 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 U. P. Hendrick, John Mitchell, Professor Babcock, Dr. Jacob Gould Schurman, William Church 
 Osborne, Marc W. Cole, Charles M. Treman, C. H. Betts, Dr. George Creelman, Professor W. 
 R. Graham, Julius H. Barnes, Calvin J. Huson and others. 
 
 July, 1918, saw the opening of Thrift Kitchen No. 2 at 466 Seventh Street. 
 
 Mrs. R. L. Kirtland, former Educational Secretary of the Young Women's Christian Associa- 
 tion, was added to the staff in July. 
 
 In August and September the shortage of wheat and sugar was at its height. The big driers 
 at the Kitchen were running at full speed preserving fruits and vegetables for winter use. In 
 August also the Fall boilings of sugarless apple butter were begun, and this was continued until 
 it was impossible to get sweet cider. The product was sent to Fort Porter and to the Red Cross 
 for use in serving soldiers and sailors at the stations. 
 
 In September the New York State Food Commission sent for the force to demonstrate at the 
 State Fair at Syracuse. This was considered a great compliment to the Buffalo agents and their 
 work there bore out this fact. Later the same exhibit was made at the Hamburg Fair in Erie 
 County with the best of results. 
 
 When the influenza epidemic came to Buffalo, Miss Alward and Miss Clayton of the staff 
 asked for leave to volunteer their services as dieticians at the City Hospital annex in Court 
 Street in the old Central High School. This was granted and they had charge of the Kitchen 
 during the worst of the scourge. 
 
 Just before the signing of the Armistice the Thrift Kitchen had perfected plans for carrying 
 on its winter work from six different points in the city with the intention of taking in still other 
 areas as fast as they could be developed. The close of the war automatically closed the New 
 York State Food Commission's service, and on the 15th day of January the entire Commission 
 resigned. 
 
 It seems fitting to call attention to the Food Pledge taken by more than 3,000 women in 
 Buffalo through the efforts of the Thrift Kitchen during Conservation week: 
 
 "We pledge to our country our best efforts to prevent the waste or the selfish 
 use of our food reserves. We pledge our loyal co-operation in carrying out 
 the conservation measures suggested by the Government. 
 "And if economy sometimes grows irksome or if this service works unwel- 
 come change in our accustomed manner of living, we will think of those 
 whose homes have been devastated. We will be glad that we, too, can serve 
 in satisfying their hunger, in renewing their courage, and in re-establishing 
 their homes." 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 433 
 
 CHAPTER CXV 
 LOCAL HYGIENE LECTURE CAMPAIGN 
 
 ON December 17, 1918, a meeting was held at the Hotel Lenox, when a committee was chosen 
 to conduct the local work for the two months' Social Hygiene Lecture Campaign conducted 
 under the auspices of the War Department through the Commission on Training Camp 
 Activities, Section on Women's Work. 
 
 The women chosen to act on the committee were: 
 
 Mrs. Arthur E. Hedstrom, Chairman; Mrs. E. H. Butler, Miss Mary Cass, Dr. Susan Chase, Mrs. Daniel Des- 
 becker, Mrs. H. Osgood Holland, Mrs. J. G. Joseph, Mrs. Lewis G. Rogers, Mrs. John G. Wickser and Mrs. Max 
 Nowak. 
 
 There were nine local physicians appointed to give lectures, and with the assistance of five 
 medical experts sent from New York, 262 lectures were given. 
 The New York physicians were : 
 
 Dr. Esther L. Jeffries, Dr. Nancy Jennison, Dr. Emma Walker, Dr. Josephine H. Kenyon and Dr. Margaret 
 Sullivan. 
 
 Buffalo physicians were: 
 
 Dr. Mary Sloan, Dr. Carro Croff, Dr. Ella Bergtold, Dr. Edith Lehnis, Dr. Christiana Greene, Dr. Marie Wolcott, 
 Dr. Helen Kuhlman, Dr. Edith Hatch and Dr. Nathalie K. Mankell. 
 
 Fifty-seven lectures were given in eighteen stores, attendance 7,545 
 
 Sixteen lectures were given in schools, attendance 3,782 
 
 Twenty-one lectures were given in twenty churches, attendance 2,143 
 
 Eighty-two lectures were given in fifty-six industries, attendance 12,683 
 
 Forty-two lectures were given in halls and clubs, attendance 6,407 
 
 Total in Buffalo 32,560 
 
 Two lectures given in Martinsville, attendance 200 
 
 One lecture given in East Aurora, attendance . 125 
 
 Four lectures given in Tonawanda, attendance 1,275 
 
 Thirty-seven lectures given in Niagara Falls, attendance 3,444 
 
 Total 37,604 
 
 Fourteen small stores co-operated with larger stores and the Young Women's Christian Associa- 
 tion. 
 
 Three industries, three stores, one church, one organization declined to have the lectures. 
 
 The film "How Life Begins" was shown nine times with an attendance of 3,200 and was 
 loaned three times to High Schools. 
 
 The film "The End of the Road" was shown five times with an attendance of 6,055. 
 
434 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER CXVI 
 FIVE LIBERTY LOAN CAMPAIGNS 
 
 WHEN the United States entered the great world war in the spring of 1917, it became im- 
 mediately evident to those who had given the slightest thought to our economic situa- 
 tion that Government financing would be called for on a scale hitherto undreamed. An 
 army of millions of men was to be raised, trained, equipped, transported and victualed, and billions 
 of dollars would be required for the operation. The predictions as to the financial requirements 
 of the Government were speedily to be borne out by the facts. The disbursements of the Treasury 
 for the fiscal year ending on June 30, 1918, were to reach $21,823,636,000 as compared with 
 $1,045,600,000 for the year which had ended on June 30, 1914, while the disbursements for the 
 year to end on June 30, 1919, were to mount well up toward the thirty billion dollar mark. 
 
 These huge and almost inconceivable totals immediately indicated that extraordinary measures 
 were required. To finance such stupendous expenditures demanded more than tax levies and 
 imposts, more than a Federal Reserve Banking system, more than the brains and skill of the 
 captains of industry who left their desks to take positions without salary in the Treasury Depart- 
 ment at Washington. It directly involved the active participation of virtually every citizen in 
 the nation. 
 
 The financing of the United States Government during the period of the war was, therefore, 
 to become essentially a democratic and a national operation which would serve to make it per- 
 fectly evident that the citizens of this country had made up their minds to see the war through 
 to'a successful conclusion no matter what the cost might be and would also assure the accomplish- 
 
 First Liberty Loan — Crowd Watching Start of Liberty Ball 
 
 This ball was pushed off at^Buffalo City Hall and rolled to New York City. Each town on the route was pledged to keep it moving 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 435 
 
 ment of this vital purpose in a sound and intelligent manner. The financing of the war by the 
 citizens of the United States has left a brilliant record on the pages of American history for all 
 time and has taught a lesson far-reaching in its effects upon all future Government financing in 
 every country. 
 
 From May 4, 1917, to May 10, 1919, the Treasury of the United States asked the American 
 people for $18,500,000,000 in five Liberty Loans. The nation responded with $24,065,810,350. 
 As its portion of the burden the Second Federal Reserve District, which includes the City of 
 Buffalo, was called upon for $5,550,000,000 and answered with $7,665,275,900. The citizens of 
 Buffalo were asked for $216,471,800, and came forward with the magnificent total of $250,308,150 
 — a sum equal to more than half the assessed valuation of the real and personal property located 
 in the City of Buffalo. 
 
 The First Liberty Loan Campaign opened on May 4, 1917, and closed on June 15, 1917. The 
 Second campaign opened on October 1, 1917, and ended on October 27, 1917. The Third cam- 
 paign began on April 6, 1918, and ended May 4, 1918. The Fourth started on September 28, 
 1918, and closed on October 19, 1918, and the Fifth began on April 21, 1919, and ended May 
 10, 1919. 
 
 No careful records of subscribers or classification of subscriptions to the First Loan were kept 
 by the Federal Reserve Bank. It is therefore impossible to furnish a detailed statement of the 
 results of the First Liberty Loan Campaign in Buffalo. The Treasury Department announced 
 an offering of two billion dollars of 33/2% First Liberty Bonds. The Second Federal Reserve 
 District was given a definite quota, but definite quotas were not given to the individual cities 
 through the country. Each city was expected to do its best, and it was suggested that Buffalo 
 should furnish an aggregate of about $22,000,000. The total subscriptions numbered about 62,000 
 and aggregated $23,491,350. 
 
 Buffalo's magnificent record in the Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth Loans is revealed in the 
 following table taken from the report of Mrs. Edward H. Butler, Treasurer of the Buffalo Liberty 
 Loan Committee, whose reports on the Fourth and Fifth Loans constitute the most important 
 pubHc documents issued by any officer of the Buffalo Liberty Loan Committee in any of the 
 five campaigns. 
 
 COMPARATIVE TABULATION OF BUFFALO'S RECORD IN SECOND, THIRD, 
 FOURTH AND FIFTH LIBERTY LOANS 
 
 Second Liberty Third Liberty Fourth Liberty Fifth Liberty 
 
 Loan Loan Loan Loan 
 
 Quota $55,600,500.00 $30,876,600.00 $61,648,400,00 $46,346,300.00 
 
 Sales 58,720,200.00 39,920,650.00 66,583,700.00 61,283,950.00 
 
 Excess of Sales over quota 3,119,700.00 9,044,050.00 4,935,300.00 14,937,650.00 
 
 Ratio of Sales to quota 105% 129';o lOS^o 131% 
 
 Number of Subscribers 137,382 174,533 196,706 160,488 
 
 Per Capita Subscription based on total number 
 
 of subscriptions $427 42 $228.70 $338 49 $381.86 
 
 Per Capita Subscription based on population . $129.16 $ 87.81 $146.45 $132 52 
 
 Ratio of subscriptions to population .... 1 bond to every 1 bond to every 1 bond to every 1 bond to every 
 
 3.3 persons 2.6 persons 2.31 persons 2.88 persons 
 
 Number of $50 subscriptions 92,390 135,856 120,998 107,985 
 
 Number of $100 subscriptions 33,797 25,576 55,316 36,347 
 
 Number of sales under $1,000 132,737 170,523 189,152 155,510 
 
 Aggregate of sales under $1,000 $10,500,000.00 $11,762,050.00 $15,596,800.00 $12,134,800.00 
 
 Number of sales of $1,000 and more .... 5,000 4,010 7,556 4,978 
 
 Aggregate of sales of $1,000 and more . . $48,000,000.00 $28,158,600.00 $50,986,900.00 $49,149,150.00 
 
 From this tabulation and report it appears that Buffalo established the following remarkable 
 records : 
 
 The City's largest quota was in the Fourth Loan when the figure was fixed by the Federal 
 Reserve Bank at $61,648,400. 
 
436 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 437 
 
 In the Fifth Loan the excess of sales over quota was the greatest; the amount of excess reach- 
 ing $14,937,650 in that Loan. 
 
 In the Fifth Loan also the percentage of over-subscription was greatest; the ratio of sales to 
 quota being 131%. 
 
 The greatest number of subscriptions was obtained in the Fourth Loan when the figure reached 
 196,706. 
 
 The per capita subscription based on the total number of subscribers was highest in the Second 
 Loan when the amount was $427.42. 
 
 The highest per capita based on the entire population of the city was reached in the Fourth 
 Loan when it amounted to $146.45. 
 
 The Fourth Loan was the Loan most widely spread in the city. In that campaign one sub- 
 scription was obtained for every 2.31 of the population. The Third Loan ranked second in this 
 regard with one subscription for each 2.6 of the population. The Fifth Loan followed close behind 
 with one subscription for each 2.88 of the population. 
 
 Throughout the country one subscription was obtained for each five of the population. 
 
 Buffalo's record in spreading the sale of the various bond issues allotted to it to a point where 
 virtually half of the men, women and children of the city were bond buyers, was one of the 
 greatest achievements of the Buffalo Liberty Loan Organization, and marked the accomplishment 
 of one of its fixed purposes. It was the theory of the Committee that in selling the Government 
 securities, it was not only providing the Government with the means to finance the war, but 
 was also placing the mass of the population behind the Government and behind the war. 
 
 The greatest number of $50.00 subscriptions was obtained in the Third Loan when 135,856 
 such subscriptions were secured. 
 
 The greatest number of $100.00 subscriptions — 55,316 — was obtained in the Fourth Loan. 
 
 In the Fourth Loan there were 189,152 sales of less than $1,000.00 each, aggregating $15,596,800. 
 This was the largest number and largest amount in this group in any of the five campaigns. 
 
 The Fourth Loan also had the record for the largest number and amount of sales of $1,000.00 
 or more. The number was 7,556, and the amount $50,986,900. 
 
 Announcement of the First Liberty Loan came to the general public of Buffalo on May 4, 1917, 
 through telegraphic despatches to the local papers that Secretary McAdoo had appealed to the 
 banks, clearing houses and trust companies of the country to join with the Federal Reserve 
 Banks in securing the success of the Loan. While no authorization to receive applications had 
 been sent to the banks of the country, Buffalo on the following day was third in the nation on the 
 list for subscriptions, having a total of $4,010,000. This hearty response antedated by nearly 
 four days the announcement of the terms of the Loan. These initial purchases and those of the 
 next two weeks until May 23d, when the first Liberty Loan Committee was organized and an- 
 nounced, was an unorganized, spontaneous outburst of patriotism. It was interesting evidence of 
 the eagerness of the citizens of Buffalo to take shares in the great adventure of war to which our na- 
 tion was now committed. Led by the Buffalo Clearing House Association, local banks and broker- 
 age firms, the Buffalo Woman's Suffrage Party, the Greater Buffalo Club, the Life Insurance Under- 
 writers, railroads, and Retail Merchants' Association, considerable headway was made with the 
 bond issue before the formal Liberty Loan organization took charge of the sales. On May 23d 
 the organization was completed and opened headquarters for the advertising and sale of bonds 
 at 302 Main Street. 
 
 The Chairman of the First Liberty Loan Committee was Elliott C. McDougal and associated 
 with him on the Executive Committee were: Arthur D. Bissell, Oliver Cabana Jr., William H. 
 Crosby, Myron S. Hall, Clifford Hubbell, John A. Kloepfer, George C. Miller, Harry T. Ramsdell, 
 George F. Rand, Carlton Smith and Henry Zeller. Myron S. Hall was Chairman of the Executive 
 Committee and in active charge of the sales campaigns. Sub-Committees reporting to the 
 Executive Committee were as follows: Bond Salesmen, J. N. Mandeville, Chairman; Subscrip- 
 tions, Howard Bissell, Chairman; Retail Merchants' Committee, Ralph C. Hudson, Chairman; 
 
438 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Vanderbilt Stage Coach Leaving Buffalo for New York 
 
 Crowd cheering as Liberty Loan drive starts and the big stage is off on long trip 
 
 Publicity Committee, E. D.Anderson, Chairman; Women's Committee, Mrs. Dexter P. Rumsey, 
 Chairman; Speakers' Committee, Evan HolUster, Chairman; Fraternal Organizations' Committee, 
 Edwards D. Emerson, Chairman; Public Schools Committee, Superintendent Henry P. Emerson, 
 Chairman; Parochial Schools Committee, Henry J. Benson, Chairman. 
 
 The first campaign for Liberty Bonds, while it did not reach the same complexity of organiza- 
 tion that marked the work of the later Committees, employed many of the media of publicity 
 and sales utilized by their successors. News articles, newspaper display advertising, co-operation 
 of motion picture houses, speakers at plants, at club meetings and at social and business gather- 
 ings, organizations of women and women's clubs, all spurred on the work. Assistance of the 
 public and parochial schools, co-operation of the Boy Scouts, appeals from the clergy with special 
 appeal from Bishop Dougherty to the Catholic clergy and laymen, distribution of literature by 
 school children, and open air meetings at Lafayette Square lent vigor to the campaign. A clos- 
 ing event was the parade in which 4,000 young men newly registered under the Selective Draft 
 Act marched in review before Governor Whitman, followed by companies of police, firemen and 
 Home Defense units. 
 
 The result of $23,491,350 subscriptions to the First Liberty Loan as against a theoretical quota 
 of $22,000,000 was a splendid evidence of local patriotism. The subscriptions, however, were 
 somewhat limited to the larger financial interests of the city and as yet the Liberty Loan message 
 had not in any general way reached into the heart and home of the city. 
 
 The Buffalo Liberty Organization as constituted at the close of the war came into being in 
 Septemter, 1917, at the opening of the Second Liberty Loan campaign. Up to that time no 
 adequate machinery existed either at Washington, in the Federal Reserve centers, or throughout 
 the country for the handling of these great issues of national securities. The marketing of the 
 first series of Liberty Bonds was handled largely by the banking and financial interests of the 
 United States, but their organizations proved inadequate to meet the demands of a campaign 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 439 
 
 designed to drive the personal message of the world war into the heart of every American and to 
 place Government bonds in the home of every patriotic citizen in the land. 
 
 To conduct such a campaign it was essential that there be created in every community a selling 
 organization which would reach every person located therein. The success or failure of so com- 
 prehensive and searching a plan rested in large measure upon the choice of its leader. The Treasury 
 Department at Washington scored one of its most brilliant successes when it selected Walter P. 
 Cooke to undertake the organization of Government Loan work in Buffalo. Of engaging person- 
 ality, wide business experience gained in the direction of many great business enterprises, a banker, 
 lawyer and executive of the highest ability, he was respected, esteemed, trusted and affectionately 
 admired by the entire community in which he had spent his life. Upon taking up the arduous 
 duties of Chairman he became a center of activity and influence around which four great Liberty 
 Loan organizations pivoted, guided and inspired by his constant energy and acumen. 
 
 The construction, almost over night, of an organization that reached every man, woman and 
 child in the community and that brought the Liberty Bond into every home, office, plant and 
 workshop in the City of Buffalo, was Mr. Cooke's greatest contribution to the war. In the months 
 that followed he was to lead that organization when it sold to Buffalonians over $58,000,000 of 
 Second Liberty Bonds, almost $40,000,000 of Third Liberty Bonds, over $66,000,000 of Fourth 
 Liberty Bonds and almost $62,000,000 of Fifth Liberty Bonds. 
 
 Four days before the opening of the Second Liberty Loan Campaign on October 1, 1917, and 
 after the Federal Reserve Bank of New York had given Buffalo a quota of $55,600,500, Mr. 
 Cooke was appointed Chairman of the Buffalo Liberty Loan Committee. The Committee, as 
 named by Governor Benjamin Strong of the Federal Bank of New York, was composed of: Walter 
 P. Cooke, Chairman; Frank B. Baird, Edward H. Butler, Charles Clifton, Jesse C. Dann, Louis 
 P. Fuhrmann, Charles L. Gurney, Myron S. Hall, Charles R. Huntley, Edward L. Koons, John 
 D. Larkin, Charles Kennedy, Charles H. McCullough, Jr., Elliott C. McDougal, James H. Mc- 
 Nulty, Robert W. Pomeroy, Harry T. Ramsdell and George F. Rand. On the same evening the 
 newly appointed leader left for New York to confer with the officials of the Federal Bank, taking 
 with him George D. Crofts to assist in studying the plans of the Liberty Loan Organization of 
 the Second Federal Reserve District. 
 
 In New York during the three succeeding days and in Buffalo on Sunday, September 30th, 
 the plan of the Buffalo Liberty Loan Organization was constructed and charted and that plan 
 never changed any fundamental part from that day to the close of the Fifth and last Campaign, 
 It contemplated, on the eve of the opening of the Loan, a Publicity Department made up of the 
 bureaus which became its principal subdivisions for four successive campaigns, and a sales organ- 
 ization with selling committees in each of the eighty or more trades and professions, in the schools 
 and fraternal organizations and among the women and the public employees of the city. The 
 original scheme of the organization contemplated also a District Canvassing Committee corres- 
 ponding to the Metropolitan Canvassing Committee of New York, and which in later loans 
 found its expression in the Flying Squadron. 
 
 The structure of this proposed organization was fundamentally sound because, as Mr. Cooke 
 with his clear vision could see, it distributed through the citizenship of Buffalo, responsibility for 
 the success or failure of the campaign — it took the responsibility from the financial interests and 
 placed it squarely on the shoulders of the men and women of the city, acting through the hundred 
 or more sub-divisions of the proposed sales organization. This distribution of responsibility for 
 success or failure was the more definitely fixed when Edward J. Barcalo contributed the thought, 
 later nationally adopted, of giving to each selling committee an arbitrary quota just as the Federal 
 Bank of New York had arbitrarily given a definite quota to the City of Buflfalo. 
 
 To the casual observer passing 302 Main Street on Monday morning, October 1, 1917, the 
 Second Liberty Loan Campaign was not opening auspiciously. While in New York Mr. Cooke 
 had obtained from the American Express Company the use of the premises at No. 302 Main 
 Street as the headquarters for his Committee. The premises were, however, filled with tons of 
 
440 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 unclaimed express packages, and at eight o'clock on the morning of the opening of the campaign, 
 Mr. Cooke, with John L. Tiernon, Jr., whom he had named Treasurer and Office Manager of the 
 organization, and George D. Crofts, Director of Publicity, were on the scene directing the removal 
 of the material from the proposed headquarters. Before noon the place had been cleared, desks 
 installed, and a sign announcing "Liberty Loan Headquarters" hung over the door. 
 
 During the afternoon of the first day of the campaign Mr. Cooke reached out from his desk 
 at headquarters for the men whom he had chosen to operate the General Committees and the 
 Committee on General Distribution; Mr. Crofts reached out for the heads of the Publicity 
 Organization; and Mr. Tiernon created an office force and installed the headquarters' equipment. 
 
 On Tuesday morning, October 2d, A. G. Bartholomew joined the organization as Assistant 
 Director of Publicity and Albert L. Kinsey as Manager of the Advertising Bureau of the Pub- 
 licity Department. Later in the same day Alex F. Osborn, Alfred H, Kirchhofer and Albert M. 
 Chambers joined the ranks as heads respectively of the Features Bureau, News Bureau and 
 Supply and Service Bureau. By noon on that day the Publicity Department was a going concern 
 with all the life and vigor and spirit that characterized its work to the very close of the Fifth 
 Loan, and under the leadership of the same group of men who shaped its policies through four 
 brilliant campaigns. 
 
 At noon on Tuesday, October 2d, Mr. Cooke called together at luncheon at the Ellicott Club 
 the men whom he had chosen as his Executive Committee. There were present: Frank B. Baird, 
 Edward J. Barcalo, George D. Crofts, Jesse C. Dann, Myron S. Hail, Ralph C. Hudson and 
 James H. McNulty. Mr. Cooke laid before the Committee the chart of the proposed organiza- 
 tion with James H. McNulty as head of the selling organization and George D. Crofts as head 
 of the Publicity and Educational side of the organization. Later that afternoon at the Buffalo 
 
 Scene at Main and Genesee Streets During Liberty Loan Campaign 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 441 
 
 Club the second meeting of the general committee was held. Before it Mr. Cooke laid his plan 
 of organization and it was adopted without alteration. On the same afternoon Albert M. Chambers 
 Manager of the Supply and Service Bureau, began to spread over the city the truck-loads of 
 Liberty Loan posters and literature which Mr. Cooke and Mr. Crofts had brought back with 
 them from New York, so that on Wednesday morning from every store window in the business 
 section of the city shone the announcement that Liberty Bonds of the Second Series were on 
 sale in Buffalo. 
 
 On Wednesday, October 3d, the General Distribution Committee, which was to have charge 
 of the sales organization, and which consisted of James H. McNulty, Chairman, John H. Baker, 
 Secretary, Frank B. Baird, Edward J. Barcalo, Charles L. Couch, Jesse C. Dann, Ralph C. 
 Hudson, James N. Mandeville and William F. MacGlashan opened its headquarters in the Direct- 
 ors' room of the Chamber of Commerce, and began at once the work of making up the member- 
 ship of the eighty or more trade committees called for in Mr. Cooke's plan of organization, and 
 of building up the prospect lists to be used by the salesmen of the various selling committees. 
 On October 3d also the Division Chiefs of the Advertising Bureau joined the Publicity force. 
 Carl J. Balliett was in charge of the Space Division; Ernest D. Anderson in charge of the Copy 
 Division; Ray A. Hummell in charge of the Outdoor Advertising Division; William A. V. Mack 
 in charge of the Theater Division; and Francis J. Rohr in charge of the Street Car Advertising 
 Division. 
 
 By Thursday, October 4th, the quarters at 302 Main Street throbbed with excitement. The 
 entire organization, save the General Distribution Committee, was there huddled together in a 
 space scarcely equal to one-seventh of that required to house that organization in its subsequent 
 campaigns. In their order from the entrance the desks bore the legends: "John L. Tiernon, Jr., 
 Treasurer and Office Manager, Walter F. Stafford, Assistant"; "Charles J. Monroe, Manager 
 Automobile Bureau"; "George D. Crofts, Director of Publicity," "A. G. Bartholomew, Assistant 
 Director of Pubhcity"; "Albert L. Kinsey, Manager Advertising Bureau"; "Carl J. Balliett, 
 Copy Division"; and "Alex F. Osborn, Manager Features Bureau"; while across the room 
 were Roscoe R. Mitchell, Manager of the Speakers Bureau, and his assistant, James W. Persons; 
 the four members of the organization's stenographic force, and the Committee's telephone switch- 
 board. In the rear half of the headquarters, occupying a space about 20 x 40 were the desks of 
 Mrs. Theodore M. Pomeroy, Chairman of the Women's Committee, Albert M. Chambers, Mana- 
 ger of the Supply and Service Bureau, A. G. Haselbauer, Manager of the Subscriptions Depart- 
 ment, and Walter P. Cooke, General Chairman. In a space scarcely 10 x 10 Mr. Chambers was 
 to handle over 2,600,000 pieces of Second Loan advertising matter and in a space but little larger 
 Mr. Haselbauer was to receive and pass on to the Buffalo banks subscriptions aggregating more 
 than $35,000,000. 
 
 On Friday, October 5th, all the guns were in action at the headquarters, with the Publicity 
 Department laying down a fine barrage to clear the way for the selling organization which was 
 rapidly coming into the line. 
 
 On Monday evening, October 8th, the beginning of the second week of the campaign, all the 
 members of the General Committee, the Publicity Organization, and the Chairman and Sec- 
 retaries of the Trades committees attended an organization dinner at the Iroquois Hotel. This 
 group of about two hundred men had been carefully and deliberately selected and although 
 many of its members were little known in the city at large, it speedily proved to be one of the 
 most aggressive, daring and resourceful organizations that Buffalo has ever known. The meet- 
 ing had a serious and determined atmosphere and at its conclusion the Chairman said to one of 
 his associates, "I do not know that we can raise $55,000,000 in this city in the next three weeks 
 but I do know that the men who are here to-night will get every last available dollar there is to 
 be had." On October 27th, at the dinner which marked the triumphant conclusion of the Cam- 
 paign, Mr. Cooke mounted a chair on entering the room and said, "I cannot keep you men and 
 women waiting to learn the wonderful result of your work. At six o'clock to-night your total 
 
442 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 443 
 
 sales amounted to Fifty-eight Million ", but in the din that followed his concluding figures 
 
 were never heard. 
 
 Emphasis has been laid on the organization of the Second Liberty Loan Campaign because 
 that Campaign was the Organization's greatest test and its greatest achievement. For subse- 
 quent campaigns, the organization to conduct the work was in existence ; on the eve of the Second 
 Campaign there was no organization. To the preparation of plans for the conduct of the Third, 
 Fourth and Fifth Campaigns weeks and months were devoted, and everything was in readiness 
 on the initial day of the Campaign. For the Second Loan the plans were developed from day to 
 day as the necessities of the situation demanded. 
 
 The history of the Liberty Loan Campaigns in Buffalo resolves itself into a description of how 
 the bonds were advertised and how the bonds were sold. Chronologically the work of the Pub- 
 licity Department in recommending the securities to the prospective purchasers precedes the 
 work of the Distribution Department in selling the securities to those purchasers. Practically 
 the organization of the Publicity Department preceded the organization of the Distribution 
 Department. It came into existence on October 1, 1917, at the opening of the Second Loan, and 
 continued in existence as an active organization until the close of June, 1919. Because of the 
 nature of the work of the Publicity Department, its force was never able to disband between 
 Loans, nor could its activities lapse. For these reasons the work of the Publicity Department is 
 
 here first recorded. 
 
 PUBLICITY DEPARTMENT 
 
 In the Second Campaign the Department heads were George D. Crofts, Director of Publicity 
 and A. G. Bartholomew, Assistant Director of PubUcity. In the Third, Fourth and Fifth Cam- 
 paigns, Mr. Crofts served as Vice-Chairman of the general organization and Mr. Bartholomew 
 as Director of Publicity. Albert L. Kinsey, Manager of the Advertising Bureau in the Second, 
 Third, Fourth and Fifth Loans was Assistant Director of Publicity in the Fifth Loan. 
 
 The primary function of the Publicity Department was to make the whole city know that the 
 Government needed vast sums of money for the prosecution of the war and was seeking to raise 
 it by the sale of Government Bonds. The Department not only carried out the purpose of its 
 organization but proved to be the Government's greatest propaganda agency in "selling the war" 
 to the people of Buffalo. Its productions were always dignified, often struck a high spiritual note, 
 and sought to put the whole city in the frame of mind of the men and women of Buffalo whose 
 sons were enduring the hardships of war on the other side of the Atlantic. As a by-product of 
 its work it changed the psychology of the city in its view of itself. It taught the city to believe 
 and trust in itself. 
 
 At the opening of the Third Loan when men were apprehensive of success and when it was 
 generally felt that the city had been drained of every available dollar but a few months before, 
 and that $30,000,000 of new money had not yet come back into circulation in the city, the Depart- 
 ment boldly broke out, over the entrance to the City Hall, a Banner bearing the seal of the city, 
 the inscription "Buffalo's Quota $30,876,600," and the slogan "Buffalo Never Fails." It was a 
 daring thing to do because Buffalo had in the past failed in not a few of her undertakings and 
 because some of the most substantial citizens were predicting her failure in the Third Loan. Dur- 
 ing the four succeeding weeks this reassuring message confronted one everywhere and created a 
 feeling of optimism that the city could not fail to attain its goal. The message was false in the 
 beginning, then it was believed to be true, and finally it became an expression of the real truth, 
 for in none of its great war activities did the city ever fail. Though the slogan was never again 
 used in subsequent Liberty Loan campaigns it was used in many another campaign and has 
 become one of the tenets of the creed of the city. By the spring of 1919 Buffalonians had come 
 to feel that their city could not fail in any great and noble undertaking and they found their 
 own convictions expressed in the beautiful civic creed which at that time came from the brilliant 
 pen of Glen Bartholomew. 
 
 Before the opening of the Fourth Loan the Department produced a slogan which proved to 
 
444 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Chairman Walter P. Cooke and Mayor Buck at the City Hall at the Opening Exercises of the Third Loan 
 
 be the best piece of advertising used anywhere in the nation in any of the five Liberty Loan 
 campaigns. It was the slogan "Double The Third" which was immediately adopted by the 
 Liberty Loan Committee of New York and was soon taken up by the Treasury Department 
 and used throughout the nation. The slogan was the product of careful thought and was based 
 on a sound principle. The Government had asked the nation for three billion dollars in the spring 
 of 1918, thirty million dollars from Buffalo. During the summer of that year word seeped through 
 from Washington that in the fall the Government would ask for six billion dollars of which Buffalo's 
 share would be sixty million, or double its quota to the Third Loan. This lofty goal could easily 
 be attained if every subscriber to the Third Loan doubled his subscription to the Fourth. " Double 
 The Third" became the watchword. It swept aside all question of whether the men and women 
 of Buffalo would subscribe to the Loan — it took all that for granted — and left as the single thought 
 the mandate or appeal to double the subscription to the earlier Loan that the city might fulfil 
 the obligation placed upon it. 
 
 The artistic character of the Department's work and the dignified and spiritual nature of its 
 appeal were nowhere better exemplified than in the Avenue of the Allies and the Victory Memorial 
 of the Fifth Loan. From Huron Street, or from Seneca Street to Lafayette Square, Main Street 
 was canopied with the colors of the Allies — England and Canada, France, Belgium, Italy and 
 the United States. The flags of the United States adorned the blocks at the head and foot of the 
 Avenue and the block from Eagle to Court Streets; the Union Jacks of England flew in the 
 block from Court to Mohawk; the blue, white and red standards of France from North Division 
 to Eagle; the black, yellow and red of Belgium from South Division to North Division; and the 
 emblems of Italy from Mohawk to Huron. From every first story window in the Avenue hung a 
 flag with a border of red and a field of white bearing in blue the slogan " Buffalo Will See It 
 Through," while from the two floors above hung the flags of the nation to which the block had 
 been dedicated, the flags from the windows going up to meet great banners suspended over the 
 street at intervals through the block. No man or woman with any soul could pass beneath that 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 445 
 
 canopy of color without having his mind soar across the seas to Louvain, to the Marne, to the 
 Yser, to the Somme, to the Piave, to Chateau Thierry, to Mt. Kemmel, to St. Mihiel, to the 
 Argonne and to the horrors and sacrifices of it all ; nor could he pass the Memorial without a 
 thrill of solemn pride in the noble part which Buffalo — his Buffalo — had had in the great struggle. 
 
 The Department which created these fine things, which put the heart and the sentiment in 
 the Liberty Loan campaigns, was dominated by A. G. Bartholomew, Director of Publicity. With 
 real creative genius he originated a large part of the plans developed by his Department and 
 with quick and unerring discrimination in values he passed upon the productions of those under 
 him. Every important plan of his organization passed under his scrutiny. He kept in constant 
 contact with the work of his bureaus, co-ordinating their efforts, and driving them at top speed, 
 but always treating his associates with a thoughtfulness and consideration which won their 
 esteem and affectionate regard. His reports of the Third, Fourth and Fifth campaigns in Buffalo 
 are among the most valuable contributions to the history of the financing of America's part in 
 the war. He is one of the men to whom the citizens of Buffalo are most deeply indebted for the 
 great success of the Liberty Loan campaigns in this city. 
 
 There were four Bureaus in the Publicity Department as organized by Director of Publicity 
 Crofts in the Second Loan: The Advertising Bureau; the Features Bureau; the News Bureau 
 and the Supply and Service Bureau. Prior to the Third Loan an Education Bureau was created 
 to prosecute propaganda work in the congested and foreign centers of the city where Liberty 
 Loans and the causes of the war were not generally understood. At the same time an Art Bureau 
 was established to take over the work of producing illustrations for newspaper display advertis- 
 ing which had been handled in the Advertising Bureau during the Second Loan. A Clipping 
 Bureau, to read, clip, post, file and index all Liberty Loan news and advertising matter appear- 
 ing in the Buffalo papers during the campaigns was organized to take over and develop the clip- 
 ping handled in the Advertising Bureau during the Second Loan. At the same time, too, the 
 Miscellaneous Publications Bureau was created to edit "Over the Top," the daily house organ 
 of the Liberty Loan Committee, which had been edited under the direction of the Manager of 
 the Features Bureau in the Second Loan. To this new Bureau was also delegated the work of 
 placing Liberty Loan copy in the house organs, trade papers, church and fraternal bulletins and 
 other miscellaneous publications prior to the opening of each Liberty Loan campaign, and dur- 
 ing each campaign. 
 
 In the Fifth Loan the Speakers' Bureau which nominally had reported direct to the Executive 
 Committee, but which practically, because of the nature of its work, had operated as a sub- 
 division of the Publicity Organization, became a Bureau of the Publicity Department. 
 
 Advertising Bureau. — When Mr. Crofts took charge of Publicity in the Second Loan he was 
 fortunate in securing as head of the Advertising Bureau of the Department, Albert L. Kinsey, 
 whose genius in advertising made him one of the most valuable men in the entire organization. 
 Through four successive campaigns Mr. Kinsey conducted his Bureau in a masterly way, devising 
 many ingenious schemes of advertising and putting them promptly into execution. He operated 
 his Bureau through five divisions: Space, Copy, Out-door Advertising, Theater and Street Car 
 Advertising. 
 
 During the Second Loan the Space Division was headed by Carl J. Balliett. In the Third, 
 Fourth and Fifth Loans the Division was made up of Clinton R. Wyckoff, William Warren 
 Smith and Howard C. Laverack. The Division got its name from the fact that it was designed 
 primarily to raise funds for the purchase of display advertising space in the Buffalo papers. The 
 moneys raised by it, however, constituted the general publicity fund, used for defraying all expenses 
 for which the Federal Bank of New York would not reimburse the local Committee. The Divi- 
 sion raised $14,384.00 in the Second campaign; $25,370.00 in the Third; $25,876.87 in the Fourth; 
 and $22,975.00 in the Fifth. 
 
 The Copy Division produced the copy for the newspaper display advertising. In the Second, 
 Fourth and Fifth campaigns Ernest D. Anderson headed the division while in the Third Loan 
 
446 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 it was in charge of Edward B. Houseal. In each Loan the advertising program was so built that the 
 appeal was directed to the heart and the conscience of the city. P. Randolph Campbell, who was 
 later killed in action in France, produced most of the full page advertisements for the Second Loan. 
 
 In the Fourth Loan much of the advertising copy which had been prepared in advance of the 
 Campaign was discarded because of the changed conditions resulting from the closing of all public 
 places as a result of the Influenza Epidemic and the discontinuance of transportation facilities 
 because of the Street Railway strike. In this emergency two members of the Division, Francis 
 B. Frazee and William G. Bryan, gave practically their entire time to the production of new copy. 
 Almost all the display advertisements for the Fifth Campaign were written by Mr. Frazee. They 
 were illustrated by C. J. Munro. No better copy was produced in Buffalo or in any other city 
 in any of the five campaigns. 
 
 The Out-Door Advertising Division was in charge of Ray A. Hummell during the Second 
 Loan, and in charge of William J. Ferris during the Third, Fourth and Fifth Campaigns. In all 
 of the Loans the work of the Division was splendid. Billboards and bulletin boards containing 
 Liberty Loan advertisements covered the city. Most of the banks and important business houses 
 in the downtown section, and many of the merchants in the outlying districts erected large signs 
 at their own expense. In conspicuous places throughout the whole city the Outdoor Advertising 
 Division erected thirty-foot boards, splendidly illustrated, reproducing the best of the Liberty 
 Loan posters furnished by the Treasury Department. 
 
 The Theater Division was managed by William A. V. Mack in the Second and Fifth Loans, 
 by D. J. Savage in the Third Loan, and by Clayton Sheehan in the Fourth Loan. The booking 
 and distribution of Liberty Loan slides and moving picture films was handled admirably by the 
 Division. In the Third Campaign a 500 foot film of the opening day parade was billed through- 
 out the show houses of the city, while a film entitled "Swat The Kaiser" featuring Douglas 
 
 Dedication of Memorial Tablet at Opening of Fourth Loan 
 
 G. A. R. Men remove Stars and Stripes from list of Buffalo's dead during course of address by Chaplain-Captain Williams 
 
 Rector of St. Mary's-on-the-Hill 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 447 
 
 Fairbanks, and one entitled "Colby's Night Attack on New York" featuring the Secretary of 
 the Treasury, McAdoo, were similarly booked for a city-wide showing. In the Fourth Loan 
 the Division obtained control of a large quantity of moving picture film, featuring patriotic and 
 Liberty Loan propaganda, and with the co-operation of the film exchanges pooled these films 
 for use throughout the city. By this arrangement, which was also carried out in the Fifth Cam- 
 paign, each film was circulated to its capacity. The Theater Division had excellent displays of 
 posters in all of the theaters and a special display of banners on the outside of the buildings, in 
 the lobbies, and on the screens and curtains. By the use of slides. Liberty Loan slogans were 
 constantly kept before the eye of the theater-goer. 
 
 In all of the Loans the advertising possibilities of the street cars were utilized and in greater 
 degree with each succeeding campaign. Barron G. Collier, Inc., through Francis J. Rohr, generously 
 donated a set of display cards advertising the Loan and furnished in all the Campaigns the space 
 for their display in the street cars of the city. The windows of the cars were used for the display 
 of Liberty Loan posters and announcements. In the Fourth Loan Albert L. Kinsey, Manager 
 of the Advertising Bureau, appreciating the value of bulletins which could be kept on the move, 
 arranged with the Street Railway Company to carry on the front of every street car a board 
 two feet square bearing the Fourth Loan slogan "Double The Third." The slogan was depicted 
 on a red, white and blue target, the insignia borne on the wings of the American Aeroplanes. 
 The words "Double The Third" were in white letters on a blue field and were circled by white 
 and red outer rings. The trade mark was used as a "teaser" advertising campaign for a week 
 before the opening of the Fourth Loan. Nowhere in the City could one go without being con- 
 fronted by one of these striking bullseyes on every telephone, telegraph and electric light and 
 trolley pole, bearing the mysterious command to "Double The Third." In the Fifth Loan Mr. 
 Kinsey utilized the same boards on all of the cars to carry the Fifth Loan trademark and slogan^ 
 a Service Flag bearing the words "Buffalo Will See It Through." On the red bordered, white 
 field of the Service Flag appeared the blue service star. Above the star were the words "Buffalo 
 Will;" and below it "See It Through." Mr. Kinsey in the Fifth Loan also obtained from the 
 Street Railway Company the use of the outer sides of the cars above the windows. In these 
 spaces, on both sides of every car in service, he erected fourteen foot boards which carried appeal- 
 ing Liberty Loan slogans. The co-operation received from the Street Car Company was whole- 
 hearted and inspiring. 
 
 FEATURES BUREAU 
 
 The Features Bureau was organized in the Second Loan with Alex F. Osborn at the head under 
 whose skillful management it operated in the Second, Third and Fifth campaigns. Mr. Osborn 
 conducted the work of the Bureau on a high level of dignity and forcefulness and originated many 
 of the plans which went so far toward lifting the campaigns from the trivial and commonplace 
 and putting them on a really high spiritual plane. During the Fourth Loan Harold B. Franklin 
 and his assistant Daniel S. White were in charge of the Bureau, Mr. Osborn having been called 
 to New York to undertake important work with the National Committee in charge of the United 
 War Workers Campaign. Mr. Franklin had worked as an assistant to Mr. Osborn in the Second 
 and Third campaigns and succeeded splendidly with his work. No small part of the great success 
 of the Features Bureau in all of the campaigns was due to the work of A. B. Wright, Glenn F. 
 Gaskill, Malcolm E. Gregg, Robert O. Patten and Robert F. Paviour. 
 
 One of the greatest successes of the Features Bureau was the Mothers' Parade which was held 
 April 6, 1918, the opening day of the Third campaign. The parade started at three o'clock. At 
 its head was the Liberty Day Committee, followed by the aged veterans of the Grand Army of 
 the Republic. Then followed the Motor Corps Girls, and the mothers of the boys of Buffalo who 
 were in the Military and Naval service of the United States. The mothers were marshalled in 
 sixteen divisions from the sixteen draft districts of the city. Each mother carried a service flag — 
 one bearing four stars. The presence in the parade of the women who had contributed their sons 
 to the great struggle in Europe was well calculated to leave in the public mind the thought that 
 
448 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
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Buffalo's Part in the World War 449 
 
 any sacrifice which the men and women of Buffalo might make in the purchase of Government secu- 
 rities was but sUght and trivial compared with the sacrifice which these heroic mothers had made. 
 
 On Saturday afternoon, September 28, 1918, at Lafayette Square, at the opening of the Fourth 
 Campaign, occurred another of the great successes of the Features Bureau. On that occasion a 
 bronze memorial tablet was erected by the Liberty Loan organization to the memory of the 
 Buffalo men who had given their lives in the war for democracy. The speakers were Rev. George 
 F. Williams, (Chaplain) Rev. Father Britt, (Chaplain) and Rabbi Louis Kopald. Rabbi Kopald 
 opened the exercises with an address commemorating the men who had given their lives to save 
 the Union in the Sixties. An enlisted man from the Army and another from the Navy then mounted 
 the steps of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument and placed on the shaft a wreath in honor of 
 the Civil War heroes. Chaplain Williams delivered an address commemorating the heroes who 
 had laid down their Hves in France and Flanders since our entry into the War. A detail of Grand 
 Army veterans marched to the bronze tablet which was being dedicated by the Liberty Loan 
 organization and drew aside the American Flag which veiled it. Father Britt followed with the 
 direct Liberty Loan appeal "Shall Their Sacrifice Be In Vain?" A firing squad fired a volley, 
 the bugler sounded "Taps" and the great concourse of people that had assembled for the exercises 
 went away with the realization that it was their solemn duty to make the Fourth Liberty Loan 
 the complete success which its predecessors had been in this city. 
 
 Still another of the truly great successes of the Features Bureau was the Victory Memorial of 
 the Fifth Loan. The memorial was located at Lafayette Square and took the form of a semi- 
 circular colonnade which centered on the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument. From the top of the 
 monument hung an outspread service flag with border of blue and field of white surmounted by 
 a single gold star across the face of which were the figures "637," bearing solemn and mute testi- 
 mony to the number of Buffalo boys who had made the supreme sacrifice on the altar of their 
 country. A dozen shafts each forty-five feet in height formed the colonnade. From the top of 
 each was suspended an American flag and below each flag was a shield on which was emblazoned 
 the name of a battle in which the Buffalo heroes had taken part. A screen of laurel, fifteen feet 
 high, stretched between the shafts and formed the base. The memorial was dedicated on April 
 23d. Three short addresses were made, one by Samuel B. Botsford, President of the Chamber 
 of Commerce; another by Chaplain Walter F. Fornes of the 106th Field Artillery and the final 
 address by Dr. S. V. V. Holmes. 
 
 The work of the Liberty Loan Committee in the churches of the city was handled through the 
 Features Bureau and was one of its most important lines of activity. In the Third, Fourth and 
 Fifth campaigns it was handled by a Committee of the Bureau known as the Ministers' Further- 
 ance Committee. Rev. George F. Williams of Saint Mary's-on-the-Hill was Chairman during the 
 Third and Fourth campaigns; and Rev. Murray S. Rowland during the Fifth campaign. The 
 work in the Catholic churches, which was identical with the work in the Protestant churches, 
 came directly under the Rt. Rev. Bishop Dougherty and his assistant. Chancellor Walsh; and, 
 later, under the Rt. Rev. Bishop Turner and his assistant. Chancellor Britt. The co-operation 
 shown by the Protestant ministers, the Catholic clergy and the Jewish Rabbis was most inspir- 
 ing. The clergy of the city urged subscriptions to the Liberty Loans on every possible occasion — • 
 in the Sunday Schools, in the men's and women's clubs, as well as upon every occasion of public 
 worship. In each of the campaigns a Liberty Loan Sunday was observed at which the church 
 services or a part of them were of a distinctly patriotic character, with patriotic hymns, special 
 sermons, prayers for the protection of those on the battle fronts and memorial services for those 
 who had given their lives. It is impossible to overstate the value to the Liberty Loan organiza- 
 tion of the work done in the churches of the city. 
 
 The Features Bureau by parades, entertainments and a multitude of other spectacles joined 
 with the other bureaus of the Publicity Department in focusing the thought of the whole city on 
 the sale of the securities by which the Government was to finance its gigantic war operations 
 and lend aid to its AlUes. 
 
450 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 The most distinctive production of the Features Bureau in the Second Loan was the repUca of 
 the United States Treasury building which was erected in Lafayette Square. It was designed 
 by Harold B. Franklin and was opened with appropriate ceremonies by Chairman Walter P. 
 Cooke. In the Third Loan the building was erected at the corner of Fillmore Avenue and Broad- 
 way. For this re-dedication the Polish Regimental Band came from Niagara Falls, Liberty Loan 
 speeches were made in English and in Polish, Chairman Cooke speaking on behalf of the Liberty 
 Loan organization and Maxwell N. Nowak for the Polish citizens of the city. 
 
 In the Second Loan the events of Liberty Loan Day, October 24, 1917, included a Women's 
 Mass Meeting at the Elmwood Music Hall at which Judge Cuthbert W. Pound of the Court of 
 Appeals, John Mitchell of the New York Food Commission and Mrs. Theodore M. Pomeroy, 
 Chairman of the Women's Committee of the Buffalo Liberty Loan Committee, were the speakers; 
 a mass meeting of twelve thousand school children in Broadway Auditorium addressed by Chair- 
 man Walter P. Cooke and Mr. John Mitchell; and a night parade in charge of A. B. Wright. 
 The marchers assembled at North Street and Elmwood Avenue. In spite of a heavy downpour 
 and a bleak November gale, the Liberty Loan workers headed by Chairman Cooke and the 
 General Committee marched to the Broadway Auditorium where the mass meeting was addressed 
 by Senator James W. Wadsworth, Jr., and John Mitchell. 
 
 The Features Bureau staged the auspicious opening of the Third Loan on April 6th with a 
 parade of Liberty Loan workers and appropriate exercises at the City Hall. At 11.30 on that 
 morning five hundred of the members of the Liberty Loan organization assembled in front of 
 the headquarters at Nos. 11-19 West Swan Street and marched through Main Street to Genesee 
 to Franklin to the City Hall where a great crowd had assembled. Mayor Buck received the 
 workers and presented to Chairman Cooke a banner bearing the seal of the city and the words 
 "Third Liberty Loan, Quota $30,876,600. Buffalo Never Fails". Mr. Cooke accepted the flag 
 and pledged the organization to return it at the conclusion of the campaign with the word "Vic- 
 tory" written across its folds. The pledge was made good. 
 
 In the Third Loan the Features Bureau handled the visit to Buffalo of Hon. Josephus Daniels, 
 Secretary of the Navy. Mr. Daniels' visit occurred on April 9, 1918. He called at the Liberty 
 Loan headquarters in West Swan Street, attended a Liberty Loan luncheon given in his honor 
 at the Statler Hotel, and with Roscoe R. Mitchell, who had just returned from a visit to the 
 battlefronts in connection with his work for the Hoover Commission, addressed a mass meeting 
 of ten thousand persons assembled at the Broadway Auditorium. The guard of honor which 
 escorted Secretary Daniels to the Statler Hotel at noon was composed of a battalion of the 74th 
 Regiment under the command of Captain Ansley Sawyer, while the escort which accompanied 
 him to the Broadway Auditorium in the evening was made up of Troop I under the command 
 of Captain Mathiesen. 
 
 In this Loan also Secretary of the Treasury, William G. McAdoo visited the City. He arrived 
 on the afternoon of April 30, 1918, took dinner with about six hundred Liberty Loan workers 
 at the Iroquois Hotel and addressed a mass meeting at the Elmwood Music Hall in the evening 
 and an overflow meeting at the Hutchinson-Central High School. 
 
 Liberty Day in the Third Loan was April 26th. The great parade was directed by A. B. Wright, 
 Marshal, and Malcolm E. Gregg, and was handled with all the skill that had marked their han- 
 dling of the Liberty Day parade in the Second Loan and the parade which ushered in the Third 
 campaign. From curb to store front Main Street from the Terrace to Tupper Street was jammed 
 with onlookers. At the head of the column marched the Liberty Loan Committee followed by 
 the 106th Supply Train, U. S. A. Next came Brigadier General Babcock and staff of the 4th 
 Brigade followed by the 74th Regiment, the 3d Field Artillery and Troop I. Then came over 
 five thousand school children whose fathers or brothers were in the armies or navy of the United 
 States. In their midst, mounted on a spirited gray steed, rode Miss Georgia Forman as Joan of 
 Arc in shining armor and bearing the standard of France. The Motor Girls, Camp Fire Girls, 
 Girl Scouts and the Cadets of the Buffalo High Schools also took part in the pageant. Like every 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 451 
 
 parade which the Features Bureau launched in any of the Loans, the event stirred the city to 
 its depths. 
 
 Among the features handled by the Bureau during the Fourth Loan were the patriotic con- 
 certs given on Sunday afternoons in the Elmwood Music Hall by the Municipal Orchestra under 
 the direction of John Lund; the patriotic singing at McKinley Monument on October 5th of a 
 Liberty Loan chorus of three thousand children of the public schools of Buffalo; the visit of the 
 Italian Grenadier Band which gave a concert at the Lafayette Memorial Arch and at the Broad- 
 way Auditorium on October 7th; the visit of the French Band on October 8th and its concert 
 at the Broadway Auditorium; the visit of a detail of Bersaglieri from the Italian fighting front 
 on October 11th; the concerts of Sousa's Great Lakes Band on October 12th and the Liberty 
 Loan Labor parade on October 16th. 
 
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 Secretary and Mrs. McAdoo Campaigning at Buffalo for Liberty Loan 
 
 The final event of the Bureau's program in the Fourth Loan was a Liberty Loan parade which 
 took place on October 17th. Grand Marshal, A. B. Wright, and his indispensable aid, Malcolm 
 E. Gregg, arranged every detail. At the head of the parade were Mayor Buck and the City Com- 
 missioners with Chairman Walter P. Cooke and the Liberty Loan Committee next in line. Then 
 in order came the Fourth Brigade, headed by Brigadier General Louis L. Babcock, the Grand 
 Army Veterans, the Motor Corps Girls and the Red Cross and Y. W. C. A. workers. The Buffalo 
 Fire Department was represented by all types of its equipment and the closing division was made 
 up of industrial Liberty Loan floats which had been used in the labor parade of the preceding 
 night. 
 
 The Bureau opened the Fifth Loan with a Victory memorial service at Elmwood Music Hall, 
 Easter Sunday afternoon, April 20th. The speakers were Lieutenant-Colonel Theodore Roosevelt 
 and Chaplain John C. Ward of the 108th Infantry. On behalf of the soldiers of Buffalo, Chaplain 
 Ward presented to the city, in memory and in honor of their comrades who did not come back, 
 
452 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 the great service flag which was to be the dominating feature of the Victory Memorial during 
 the weeks of the campaign. 
 
 On April 26th the bureau handled the visit of the Victory Coast Artillery Train; on April 
 30th the visit of Rear Admiral WiUiam S. Sims; on May 2d the visit of the Flying Circus made 
 up of eleven American Aces just back from France, and Pershing's Headquarters Band composed 
 of one hundred and fifteen of the best musicians in the American Expeditionary Forces. Victory 
 Loan Day was Saturday, May 3d, and the Victory parade was under the management of Grand 
 Marshal A. B. Wright and his assistant Malcolm E. Gregg. The two most striking features of 
 the parade were the division of six hundred and thirty-seven little school girls dressed in white 
 each commemorating a Buffalo soldier buried beneath one of the countless little white crosses of 
 France and Belgium; the other a division made up of thousands of men in olive drab uniform 
 who had just returned from service overseas. On Sunday, May 4th, the bureau handled a regi- 
 mental memorial service, attended by the units of the Fourth Brigade, who marched in uniform 
 to the Elmwood Music Hall ; on May 5th a mass meeting at the Broadway Auditorium addressed 
 by Colonel William J. Donovan who had just returned from France at the head of the 169th 
 Infantry; on May 7th the visit of a detachment of Belgian soldiers fresh from the battlefields 
 in Europe; and on May 8th the mass meeting at the Hutchinson-Central High School addressed 
 by Colonel William Hayward of the 369th Infantry and by Alfred Merrinc of Xiouvain Univer- 
 sity. At the Victory memorial in Lafayette Square five paintings symbolizing five of the Allied 
 nations at war were unveiled — on April 29th a painting of "Columbia" by Charles Dana Gibson; 
 on May 2d "The Grand Fleet of Great Britain" by Reuterdahl; on May 6th "France" by F. 
 Lewis Moria; on May 7th "Belgium" by James Montgomery Flagg and on May 8th "Italy" 
 by Howard Chandler Christy. Each of these exercises brought throngs of persons to the foot 
 of the memorial. 
 
 THE NEWS BUREAU 
 
 The News Bureau in all of the five campaigns was conducted in an admirable manner by Alfred 
 H. Kirchhofer of the Buffalo Evening News. In the Second Campaign he was assisted by Andrew 
 J. Sharrick of the Courier and Enquirer; in the Third Campaign by Andrew J. Sharrick and C. T. 
 Mann of the Courier and Enquirer; in the Fourth and Fifth Loans by RoUin Palmer of the 
 Evening News. Mr. Kirchhofer was one of the most valuable men in the Publicity Department, 
 for no one in the Department had a better understanding of the public mind than did he. His 
 advice and opinions were, therefore, constantly sought on questions relating to all phases of 
 advertising and on general questions affecting the conduct of the campaigns. Mr. Kirchhofer 
 not only wrote the great bulk of the copy furnished by the Bureau, but to him were referred all 
 requests for publicity for the various subdivisions of the Liberty Loan Organization. The news- 
 papers of the city refused to use any Liberty Loan news matter unless received from the News 
 Bureau. The responsibility, therefore, of selecting the copy more important to the general con- 
 duct of the campaigns, and the passing over of less important matter, rested on the shoulders of 
 Mr. Kirchhofer and he met it with rare judgment and tact. 
 
 The News Bureau supplied copy to the six English dailies, the two PoUsh dailies and the nine 
 weekly papers published in the city. The copy furnished consisted of news stories, feature stories, 
 out-and-out Liberty Loan propaganda, photographs, cartoons and every kind of news matter 
 except editorial copy and telegraphic news. In the closing week of each campaign, every device 
 known to the trained newspaper man for attracting public attention was employed. The papers 
 used flare lines over their front-page captions, summoning the people to subscribe to their utmost, 
 and "boxes" were so skilfully employed that the most careless reader could not escape them. 
 On every page the papers teemed with Liberty Loan news and propaganda — on the telegraphic 
 pages, the local pages, the editorial pages, the women's pages, the financial pages, the church 
 pages and even the sporting pages. In a single Loan the six English dailies and the four foreign 
 language dailies of Buffalo carried a total of over 25,000 inches of Liberty Loan matter. In the 
 last four Loans the six English dailies published each day a clearing house list of all subscriptions 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 453 
 
 Publicity Department Heads 
 
 Albert L. Kinsey, George D. Crofts, Vice-Chairman; Katharine Cooke, Walter P. Cooke, Chairman; Anna B. Fox, 
 A. G. Bartholomew, Director of Publicity; Alex. F. Osborn and Alfred H. Kirchhofer 
 
 of one thousand dollars or more. The publishers of the English dailies, Mr. Edward H. Butler, 
 Mr. Norman E. Mack, Mr. William J. Conners, Mr. William M. Ramsdell and Mr. Charles A. 
 Finnegan and their staffs, gave to the Committee their wholehearted support. 
 
 SUPPLY BUREAU 
 
 Albert M. Chambers managed the Supply Bureau in the Second Campaign, under the direc- 
 tion of George D. Crofts as Publicity Director, and Samuel J. Harris managed it in the Third, 
 Fourth and Fifth Campaigns. Both were able and resourceful executives with the energy and 
 drive speedily to put their plans into execution. During the Second Loan Mr. Chambers' Bureau 
 distributed over 2,660,000 pieces of advertising matter through a volunteer organization which 
 he had built up almost over night among the High School students. Boy Scouts and Campfire 
 Girls of the city. The supply of literature in the Second Campaign was much delayed in its arrival 
 from New York with the result that the Supply Bureau printed many pieces of literature, in- 
 cluding "The Catechism of Americans" written by Mr. Chambers, and used, with necessary 
 modifications, in each of the subsequent Loans. Before the opening of the Third Campaign 
 Mr. Chambers was called to New York to become assistant to the Director of Distribution for 
 the Second Federal Reserve District. 
 
 In the Third Loan the Supply Bureau was located at No. 17 West Swan Street, which building 
 had become the home of all of the subdivisions of the Buffalo Liberty Loan Committee. In four 
 weeks Samuel J. Harris, who succeeded Mr. Chambers as manager of the Bureau, distributed 
 over 4,000,000 pieces of Liberty Loan literature without any expense to the Liberty Loan Organi- 
 zation. The distribution of posters in the downtown section was made by the Motor Corps of 
 the National League for Woman's Service and by the members of the Freshman class of the Buf- 
 falo Law School. Posters were also displayed on the opening day of the campaign in all of the 
 fire houses and police stations of the city. To effect a complete poster display throughout the 
 
454 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 city, Police Superintendent Girvin, at the request of Mr. Harris, had the PoHce Department 
 make a survey of the stores in which Liberty Loan posters were not in evidence. 
 
 As in the Second Campaign, pay envelope inserts were sent to the large plants of the city and 
 thousands of inserts were used in the books loaned from the Public Library and its branches. 
 Diiring the last week of the Third Campaign the school children of Buffalo placed one hundred 
 thousand Liberty Bell cut-outs on the doors of the homes of Buffalo. Extensive use also was 
 made of the department and retail stores for circularizing by means of bundle inserts. 
 
 Before the opening of the Fourth Loan the Supply Bureau asked the Police Department to 
 make a survey of the window space of the business and manufacturing establishments. This 
 survey showed the location of eight thousand display windows, and the Industrial Planning 
 Committee supplied a list of eight or nine hundred manufacturing and industrial plants and 
 mercantile establishments. A display for every store window south of Ferry Street, east of 
 Elmwood Avenue, west of Michigan and north of the river was bundled and delivered by parcel 
 post ready for use on the first day of the Loan. Displays for the remainder of the nine thousand 
 locations were sent out by parcel post during the first week of the campaign. Prior to the open- 
 ing of the Fourth Loan the Supply Bureau utilized the distribution force which it had built up 
 in the public schools toward the close of the Third Campaign. This distribution force, based on 
 the block system with the school district as the unit, distributed over 400,000 Liberty Loan 
 circulars during the ten days prior to the opening of the Fourth Loan. 
 
 Mr. Harris was one of the most ingenious members of the Publicity Department in devising 
 unusual methods for distributing advertising matter. In one Loan he arranged with the Buffalo 
 Milk Dealers' Association to use three-quarters of a million of Liberty Loan stickers on all milk 
 bottles used by the members of the Association; in another he arranged with the Post Office 
 Department to have the mail carriers of the city place Liberty Loan stickers on the front of 
 every piece of mail delivered in the city over a period of three or four days; while in another 
 Loan he tied up traffic on the streets, when the traffic officers solemnly stopped all motor ve- 
 hicles while a corps of Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts placed Liberty Loan stickers on the windshields. 
 
 The Supply Bureau handled not only the general literature of the campaigns, but also handled 
 what might be called "distribution supplies," which consisted of honor banners, subscribers' 
 buttons, subscription books and listing or deposit sheets and treasury envelopes. The conduct 
 of the Supply Bureau was one of the large tasks of the campaigns and it was accomplished with 
 uncommon skill. In the Fifth Loan the supplies for the Distribution Department were excel- 
 lently well handled by Mr. Robert F. Paviour, who was the contact point between the Supply 
 Bureau and the Distribution or Sales Department. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL BUREAU 
 
 The Educational Bureau, a pioneer feature of Liberty Loan work, was one of the ideas of Vice- 
 Chairman Crofts. It was organized just before the opening of the Third Campaign and was 
 copied by many other Liberty Loan organizations throughout the country. Its function was 
 distinctly that of propaganda. Its object was to bring into the homes in the congested sections 
 of the city and to the less educated classes a correct understanding of the causes of the great 
 struggle in Europe and of the aims and ideals of our country. The Bureau was organized by 
 Mrs. Anna B. Fox, Secretary of the Charity Organization Society, who named Mrs. Frank A. 
 Abbott as Assistant Manager and Mrs. Anna L. Hansen, Secretary. The machinery of the 
 Educational Bureau included most of the social and civic agencies of the city. It was organized 
 in three divisions: (1) house visitation, (2) neighborhood or group activities, operated through 
 seven social settlements, thirty-two Red Cross work centers, sixteen Polish women's societies 
 and nine (ward) civic leagues; (3) literature distributing centers. 
 
 The scope of the work of the house visitation division is revealed by mention of the names of 
 the agencies having a part in it. These included the District Nurses' Association, the Health 
 Department, the Charity Organization Society, the County Board of Child Welfare, the Welfare 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 455 
 
 Workers of the Federated Jewish Charities, the Children's Aid Society and Society for Prevention 
 of Cruelty to Children, the Fitch Creche and College Creche, the Department of Child Placing 
 and the City and County Department of the Poor, Poor Department, the Buffalo Chapter of the 
 American Red Cross, the Erie County Probation Officers, Buffalo City Court Probation Officers, 
 Children's Court Probation Officers, the Buffalo General Hospital, the Polko Polak and the 
 Mount Carmel Guild. Home visitors from all these varied sources carried Liberty Loan and 
 American propaganda into over twelve thousand homes in the city. 
 
 The settlement houses which engaged in the work of the neighborhood or group activities 
 division were Welcome Hall, Watson House, Westminster Neighborhood House, Memorial Chapel 
 Social Center, Jewish Community House and the Remington Settlement. These organizations 
 gave special lectures and entertainments during the Liberty Loan campaigns for propaganda 
 purposes. 
 
 Through the distributing centers division of the National Bureau of the Home Service Section 
 of the Red Cross, the five health centers operated under the Bureau of City Hospitals and Dis- 
 pensaries and the branches of the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A., thousands of pieces of literature 
 were given out. In the Fourth Loan the Educational Bureau published an excellent sixteen-page 
 propaganda pamphlet entitled "The German Peril," and a pamphlet in German for propaganda 
 among the German residents entitled "Wissen Sie." The work of the Bureau was, in a broad 
 sense, one of the most vitally important undertakings of the Publicity Department. It looked 
 beyond the mere issue and sale of bonds to the problem of the Americanization of that portion 
 of our population which had not yet been fully absorbed in the body politic. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS 
 
 The Miscellaneous Publications Bureau was created before the opening of the Third Campaign 
 to take over the publication of "Over the Top" which had been edited by Leon S. LaPorte of 
 the Features Bureau during the Second Campaign, and to supply Liberty Loan matter to the 
 miscellaneous publications issued in the city. The Bureau was operated during the Third and 
 Fourth Loans by Mr. Walter M. Whitney and during the Fifth Loan by Mr. Armand S. Weill. 
 Mr. Whitney built up a list of all the miscellaneous publications issued in and about Buffalo, 
 and during the Third Loan reached a circulation of over half a million through this media. Dur- 
 ing the Fourth Loan under his management, and in the Fifth Loan under the direction of Mr. 
 Howard B. Cushman this publicity field developed into a medium with a circulation of nearly a 
 million. The publications included theater programs, church bulletins and papers, house organs, 
 trade papers, school papers, sectarian papers, fraternal publications, club publications, hospital 
 and medical publications and various miscellaneous journals. The Miscellaneous Publications 
 Bureau and the News Bureau co-operated in furnishing Liberty Loan news articles and illustra- 
 tions to these publications throughout the campaigns. During campaigns "Over the Top" was 
 mailed each evening to every member of the Liberty Loan organization. By special arrangement 
 with the postal authorities it was handled as first class matter and was delivered on the first 
 mail each morning. The house organ carried Chairman Cooke's official daily announcement of 
 subscriptions, orders from department and committee heads, lists of sales committees which had 
 reached their quota, lists of business and industrial plants, one hundred per cent of whose employees 
 had subscribed for bonds, general sales talks and cartoons and photographs of Liberty Loan 
 workers. The publication was never brighter and snappier than in the Fifth Loan when edited 
 by Mr. Weill. 
 
 CLIPPING BUREAU 
 
 Another new Bureau of the Publicity Organization which was created just before the opening 
 of the Third Campaign was the Clipping Bureau which took over the clipping work done in the 
 Advertising Bureau during the Second Campaign. It was organized by Miss Katharine Cooke. 
 Through the Third, Fourth and Fifth Loans the Bureau daily chpped all Liberty Loan publicity 
 that appeared in the six English daily papers and the two Polish and two German papers of the 
 
456 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 city. In addition, similar clippings were made from the weekly papers. A daily report of the 
 amount of space given to Liberty Loan in each of the Buffalo papers was made by the Bureau to 
 the Director of Publicity and to the Manager of the News Bureau. This record was of the great- 
 est value in keeping the Director of Publicity and the Manager of the News Bureau in touch 
 with the disposition made by the newspapers of the copy furnished and also disclosed at a glance 
 
 the relative generosity of the 
 papers in handling Liberty Loan 
 copy. The clippings were made 
 in triplicate and were placed in 
 large scrap books. Display ad- 
 vertisements and clippings from 
 weekly papers were placed in 
 separate books. At the conclu- 
 sion of the Fifth Loan the Com- 
 mittee was able to turn over to 
 the Public Library and to the 
 Historical Society the books of 
 the CUpping Bureau which con- 
 stituted a complete newspaper 
 record of the various campaigns. 
 Miss Cooke performed a pains- 
 taking task exceedingly well and 
 organized and operated most 
 efficiently a Bureau which was 
 indispensable to the Publicity 
 
 Department. 
 St. Paul's at Shelton Square in the Fifth Loan j^^^^^ ^^^ r^^-^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ 
 
 Loans Mrs. Lewis R. Gulick read all of the Liberty Loan matter appearing in the leading papers of 
 Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburg, Cleveland, Detroit and Chicago, and clipped all matter 
 containing new and novel suggestions for Liberty Loan work. These clippings were delivered daily 
 by her to the Director of Publicity and items of importance were referred by him to the proper 
 Bureau chief. 
 
 ART BUREAU 
 
 Still another new Bureau of the Publicity Department which was created at the opening of the 
 Third Campaign was the Art Bureau, which was organized with Lucius E. Bartlett as Chairman. 
 The Committee assisting Mr. Bartlett was composed of Raphael Beck, Urquhart Wilcox, C. 
 J. Monro, Mrs. Charles Cary and Robert R. MacGeorge. Associated with the Committee were 
 nineteen contributing artists and nine photographers who furnished all the illustrations for news- 
 paper display advertising during the Third and Fourth Loans. During the Fifth Loan practi- 
 cally all the illustrations for newspaper display advertising were produced by C. J. Monro. In 
 both the Third and Fourth Campaigns the Buffalo Camera Club, which worked in conjunction 
 with the Art Bureau, lent valuable assistance to the Educational Bureau by preparing lantern 
 slides for use in the illustrated lectures given in the settlement houses. The artists of Buffalo 
 contributed their services freely and generously to the Liberty Loan Committee and their work 
 was of a very high character. 
 
 SPEAKERS BUREAU 
 
 The Speakers Bureau was organized for the Second Campaign by Roscoe R. Mitchell, who 
 was in charge of the active management of the Bureau during the Second and Fifth Loans. Mr. 
 Mitchell proved to be an organizer and executive of unusual ability. In the Second Loan he was 
 assisted ably by James W. Persons and Harold J. Adams; in the Fifth Loan by James A. Magoffin 
 and Miss May C. Sickmon. During the Third and Fourth Campaigns, the Speakers Bureau was 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 457 
 
 under the excellent management of James W. Persons. Mr. Persons' assistants in the Third and 
 Fourth Loans were Mrs. Helen Z. M. Rodgers, Miss May C. Sickmon, William C. White, Perry 
 C. Wurst and George B. Tyler. In all of the campaigns splendid service was rendered by the 
 "Four Minute Men", who worked under the direction of Mr. Clarence MacGregor and Mr. 
 George B. Tyler. The meetings 
 addressed during the campaigns 
 included mass meetings, school 
 meetings, shop meetings, church 
 meetings, outdoor meetings, 
 meetings of clubs, fraternal 
 organizations, labor unions and 
 miscellaneous gatherings. From 
 two to three hundred speakers 
 were used in each of the cam- 
 paigns, in the height of which 
 the Bureau supplied men to 
 address eighty or ninety gather- 
 ings each day. 
 
 In each Loan practically 
 every shop in the city assembled 
 its employees at some time dur- 
 ing the day or night to hear 
 representatives of the Speakers 
 Bureau on the subject of the 
 Loan. The attendance at these 
 shop meetings ranged from 
 twenty or thirty employees to 
 ten or twelve thousand. In the plants which worked with day and night shifts the meetings of the 
 night workers took place at the midnight luncheon hour or in the early morning just before the 
 men finished their work. 
 
 All requisitions for speakers from whatever source they emanated were referred to the Speakers 
 Bureau. The Bureau maintained a card index of all meetings, showing the time, place and nature 
 of the meeting, the probable attendance, the speaker assigned, the character of the audience and 
 the necessity for transportation. The requisitioning of speakers for plant meetings was the sole 
 work of one member of the Distribution Department. He was the contact point between the 
 Trade Committee arranging for the plant meeting and the Speakers Bureau and Transportation 
 Bureau. E. P. Erion handled this work in the Third Campaign, and Walter E. Schaefer in the 
 Fourth and Fifth Loans. In the Third Campaign the representatives of the Bureau addressed 
 nearly two thousand meetings, and reached audiences estimated at more than one million persons. 
 The "Four Minute Men" under the direction of Mr. MacGregor and Mr. Tyler covered about 
 seventy of the theaters. They made a particularly fine record in all of the Loans and especially 
 in the Third Loan when over one thousand addresses were made to theater audiences, estimated 
 at over eight hundred thousand persons. 
 
 Mammoth Coast Artillery Guns Exhibited in Broadway Market 
 in the Victory Loan 
 
 AUTOMOBILE BUREAU 
 
 Charles J. Monroe organized and operated the Automobile Bureau during the Second Cam- 
 paign, and William J. Blackburn operated it during the Third, Fourth and Fifth Loans. There 
 was never an occasion in any of the Loans when transportation facilities were not at hand for 
 the use of the Distribution Department, Speakers Bureau and Supply Bureau. All of the cars 
 and trucks used by the Bureau were gratuitously furnished by private owners. The Bureau 
 Usted all available vehicles and with the aid of tjie Motor Corps girls was able at all times to 
 
458 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 meet the constant and insistent demands for transportation facilities. During the Fourth Loan 
 when the transportation faciUties of the city were demoralized because of the Street Railway 
 strike a tremendous strain was thrown upon the Automobile Bureau, but it met every demand 
 made upon it. The success of the Bureau was due in very large part to the courtesy and con- 
 sideration shown by Mr. Blackburn to the generous citizens and firms who so freely put their 
 automobiles at the disposal of the Bureau. 
 
 DISTRIBUTION DEPARTMENT 
 
 James H. McNulty, Chairman of the General Distribution Committee, headed the entire sales 
 organization which in the four campaigns sold over $225,000,000 of Government bonds to the 
 people of Buffalo. The selection of the Chief of the Distribution Committee was one of Chair- 
 man Cooke's most important acts in setting up the permanent Liberty Loan Organization in the 
 fall of 1917. How wise the selection of Mr. McNulty was is reflected in the record of his organ- 
 ization, which in four successive campaigns sold $226,508,500 of bonds against a quota of 
 $194,471,800. To his work he brought his wide experience in business affairs, indefatigable capacity 
 for work, breadth of vision and a gift for organization and leadership that resulted in the crea- 
 tion of a network of sales agencies which reached into every home, shop, factory, mercantile 
 establishment and other organizations in the entire city. 
 
 In his original plan of organization Chairman Cooke contemplated the creation of sales com- 
 mittees in every trade and profession in the city as well as among the public employees, public, 
 private and parochial schools and fraternal organizations and clubs. His plan also contemplated 
 a house-to-house canvassing committee. With wonderful skill Mr. McNulty gathered together 
 the thousands of man and women necessary to operate this organization and he himself directed 
 the work with the rarest of judgment. He set up the seUing machinery, kept it running with 
 amazing smoothness and drove it to its utmost capacity. 
 
 In the Second Campaign the General Distribution Committee, which assisted Mr. McNulty 
 in the creation and direction of the selling organization was made up of James H. McNulty, 
 Chairman, John H. Baker, Secretary; Frank B. Baird, Edward J. Barcalo, William T. Buckley, 
 Charles L. Couch, Jesse C. Dann, Ralph C. Hudson, W. F. MacGlashan and James N. Mande- 
 ville. In the Third, Fourth and Fifth Campaigns, the Department was organized with Mr. 
 McNulty as Director of Distribution, Edward J. Barcalo and Henry P. Werner, Assistant Direc- 
 tors of Distribution, and P. J. Kuhn, Executive Secretary. 
 
 To the plan of organizing a selling campaign mainly through committees in the trades and 
 professions, Mr. Edward J. Barcalo, a member of the Executive Committee and of the Committee 
 on General Distribution, contributed one of the most important and fundamental ideas upon 
 which the Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth Campaigns were conducted. He urged that as the 
 Federal Bank of New York had arbitrarily given a fixed quota of $55,600,500 to Buffalo and as 
 the bulk of the selling was to be conducted through eighty or more committees in the trades and 
 professions, it was perfectly logical that a definite quota should be assigned to each trade or 
 professional committee. The work of fixing the allotments was at once assigned to Mr. Barcalo. 
 Though the first week of the campaign was almost at an end, Mr. Barcalo made a survey of the 
 trades and professions of the city, and without any other data at his command assigned to the 
 various trade committees quotas aggregating $36,370,000. Against this total of quotas the com- 
 mittees to which they had been assigned sold $36,500,000 — a truly remarkable feat in figuring. 
 
 At the opening of the Third Campaign Mr. Barcalo was engaged in Government work at Wash- 
 ington, and the work of readjusting quotas which were found in special instances to be too great 
 or too small in the Second Campaign, was done by Mr. McNulty and his assistants. To guide 
 them in their work they had the quota sheet which had been prepared by Mr. Barcalo at the 
 opening of the Second Campaign and the result which had been attained by each committee. 
 With this data the necessary readjustments were made. In the Fourth and Fifth Campaigns 
 Mr. Barcalo again fixed the quotas and handled this feature of the work. At the beginning of 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 459 
 
 the Fourth Loan his quota assignments to the trades and professions totaled $44,000,000 and to 
 the other sales agencies $13,000,000. The result of the campaign proved the correctness of his 
 estimates. In the Fifth Campaign, against a city allotment of $46,346,300, Mr. Barcalo assigned 
 $34,317,750 to the Trades and Professional Committees. Against this quota the trades and 
 professions were credited with $40,361,250. 
 
 As soon as the quotas were fixed in the later campaigns they were handed to the chairmen of 
 the Trades and Professional Committees. Each chairman selected his own committee and gener- 
 ally included in its membership representatives of the largest businesses in the trade. He was 
 encouraged to form a large committee, and the acceptance of the quota by the committee insured 
 its attainment. Each committee member knew the state of the particular industry or business 
 in which he was engaged and knew far better than did an outsider the subscribing possibilities 
 of almost every other man in the trade. The quota system stimulated competition among the 
 committees and a committee would underwrite an apparent shortage rather than fail. This 
 spirit of competition existed not only between committees but between the five divisions into 
 which the trades committees were grouped. In the Third and Fourth Campaigns, as a committee 
 reached its quota it was given an honor star and its quota increased. In the Fifth Loan, with 
 each increase of ten per cent over its quota it was given an additional honor star. The whole 
 quota plan in its conception and in its execution was one of the largest and most vital thoughts 
 of all of the campaigns. 
 
 TRADES ADVISORY COMMITTEE 
 
 In the Second Liberty Loan Campaign the Trades and Professions Committees were organized 
 by the General Distribution Committee which developed the general sales plan of the campaign. 
 To this work the General Distribution Committee gave most of its attention, as the campaign 
 
 Trades Advisory Chiefs 
 
 From left to right, front row — William E. Robertson, Edward B. Holmes, Vice-Chairman; Charles L. Couch, Chairman; 
 
 Charles R. Robinson, William A. Morgan, Henry F. Russell, Secretary 
 
 Back row — James M. Mandeville, John W. Cowper, and Charles H. Bailey 
 
460 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 was so organized that the major part of the subscriptions obtained would be received through 
 the Trades and Professions Committee. From the available data on hand, including trade lists 
 of the Chamber of Commerce, the General Distribution Committee built up "Prospect Lists" 
 for use in soliciting the various trades. This work consumed a great part of the Committee's 
 time during the first two weeks of the campaign, but its value cannot be overestimated, for it 
 served as the groundwork of the comprehensive sales plan which made the ultimate success of 
 the campaign possible. After the triumphant close of the Second Loan, Mr. McNulty recom- 
 mended that a careful analysis of the various trades be made before another Liberty Loan Cam- 
 paign and that duplicate prospect cards be prepared for each business establishment in the city, 
 arranged under its proper trade classification, with the names of its officers and the number of 
 its employees, together with a record of subscriptions made by the company's officers and em- 
 ployees to the First and Second Loans. 
 
 In the Third, Fourth and Fifth Campaigns the committee which directed sales through the 
 Trades and Professions Committees was known as the Trades Advisory Committee. In the last 
 three Loans Charles L. Couch headed this important body. In the Third Loan his assistants 
 were J. Q. Clarke, Vice-Chairman; Henry F. Russell, Secretary; A. B. Wilson, Assistant Secre- 
 tary; John W. Cowper, Edward B. Holmes, James N. Mande\dlle, William E. Robertson and 
 Morris L. Tremaine. In the Fourth and Fifth Campaigns this all-important committee was 
 composed of Charles L. Couch, Chairman; Edward B. Holmes, Vice-Chairman; Henry F. Rus- 
 sell, Secretary; Charles H. Bailey, John W. Cowper, James N. Mandeville, William A. Morgan, 
 William E. Robertson and Charles R. Robinson. 
 
 In the Third Loan John W. Cowper, Edward B. Holmes, James N. Mandeville, Wilham E. 
 Robertson and Morris L. Tremaine held the title of Trades Advisors, and to each was assigned 
 about fifteen Trade Committees. Each of the five groups contained practically the same number 
 of committees and each group had practically the same quota. At the same time Chairman 
 Couch, Vice-Chairman Clarke and Secretary Russell assigned to the same Advisors those trades 
 which were closely allied to one another. The Trade Advisor received daily reports from each 
 trade chairman acting under him, and in turn reported to Chairman Couch who in turn reported 
 to James H. McNulty, Director of Distribution, and his assistants. 
 
 Before the opening of the Third Loan, and in accordance with Mr. McNulty's recommendation 
 at the close of the Second Campaign, tripUcate cards of all plants, factories and mercantile estab- 
 lishments were prepared. Two sets of these cards were used by the Liberty Loan Committee, 
 while the third was subsequently given to the Chamber of Commerce for its records. The two 
 sets retained by the Committee were sorted into trades corresponding to those working under 
 the jurisdiction of the Trades Advisory Committee. Each Trade Advisor was then given the 
 two sets of cards for each of the fifteen trades operating under him. Throughout the campaign 
 each Trade Advisor kept on his desk a complete set of the cards relating to the trade committees 
 which reported to him. The second set was given by the Trade Advisor to his committee chair- 
 men. The committee chairmen in turn reassigned these cards to the members of their committees. 
 The committee member dealt directly with the plant to be canvassed, calhng on the officer indi- 
 cated on the prospect card and ascertaining whether the officers of the plant would themselves 
 conduct the canvass or whether they wished it conducted by the Liberty Loan Organization. In 
 many instances the plants themselves conducted their own campaigns, but in a far greater num- 
 ber of cases the campaigns were conducted by the Liberty Loan Organization. When the com- 
 mittee member reported to the committee chairman that a plant wished the committee to make 
 the canvass, the chairman so reported to the Trade Advisor. Arrangement was then made for 
 a time when the Liberty Loan speaker could address the entire working and executive force. 
 E. P. Erion, of the Distribution Department, requisitioned a speaker from the Speakers Bureau 
 and a force of bond salesmen were notified to be on hand. If the plant was a particularly large 
 one, requiring a large force of canvassers, requisition was made on Jesse C. Dann for an ample 
 detachment from the Flying Squadron. The Liberty Loan group called at the plant at the ap- 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 461 
 
 pointed hour, speeches were made and a canvass conducted. The daily progress of the work of 
 the Trades and Professions Committees was set up on a large blackboard at the headquarters of 
 the Distribution Department. The board showed the names of the trades committees, committee 
 chairmen and the total of subscriptions reported by the committee to date. On this board one 
 could trace hourly the progress of the campaign. Between 11.30 and 12 o'clock each day the 
 board was the center of closest interest, for at that time the figures were being closed for the 
 official report of the Distribution Department which Chairman Cooke would read at the noon- 
 day luncheon. This clever idea of graphically representing the daily record of the Trades Ad- 
 visory Committee was conceived in the Second Campaign by Charles L. Couch and Henry F. 
 Russell. In the Third and Fourth Campaigns the members of the Trades Advisory Committee 
 met each afternoon in what became known as the "Not Enough Committee" to pass on the 
 sufficiency of each subscription of one thousand dollars or more received in the twenty-four hours 
 last past. 
 
 In the late summer of 1918 the prospect cards for the Fourth Loan were prepared under the 
 direction of Philip J. Kuhn, Executive Secretary of the Distribution Department, and Charles 
 H. Bailey of the Trades Advisory Committee. These cards were arranged into ninety-five trades 
 and professions of the trade committees which had been organized by the Trades Advisory Com- 
 mittee. Before the opening of the Fourth Loan the Directors of Distribution delivered to the 
 Division Chiefs the prospect cards for the trades committees reporting to him, and before the 
 opening of the campaign each trades committee chairman received the prospect card he was to 
 use during the campaign. In this Loan, John W. Cowper, Chief of Division A of the Trades 
 Advisory Committee, had George E, D. Brady as his assistant; Charles L. Robinson as Chief 
 of Division B had J. H. Bradley and John Brunskill as his assistants; J. N. Mandeville as Chief 
 of Division C had Edwin P. Erion as his assistant; WiUiam E. Robertson at the head of Divi- 
 sion D had A. H. Sawtelle as his assistant, and William A. Morgan, Chief of Division E, was 
 assisted by Arthur L. Chambers. These Division Chiefs were the whips who were constantly 
 on the trail of the ninety-five chairmen of the Trades and Professions Committees. No com- 
 mittee chairman could fall asleep with these drivers pursuing him, nor could any of the five 
 Division Chiefs ease the pressure on his Trades committee Chairmen without hearing at once 
 from Chairman Couch and Vice-Chairman Holmes of the Trades Advisory Committee and the 
 heads of the Distribution Department headed by the great sales executive, Mr. McNulty, and 
 with whom Chairman Cooke was in constant conference. The great bulletin board which cov- 
 ered the wall of the Trades Advisory headquarters showed immediately any sag in the campaign 
 and pointed an accusing finger toward the Division Chief whose committee chairmen were lag- 
 ging in the race. 
 
 In the Fifth Loan there was but little change in the organization or plan of work of the Trades 
 Advisory Committee. In Division A, which was known as the "Yanks" Division, Charles M. 
 Ramsdell and George Herman became assistant chiefs to John W. Cowper; N. M. Boore and 
 J. F. Darch became assistant chiefs to J. N. Mandeville in Division C, which was known as the 
 "Aviators" Division; Charles H. Bailey was assistant to William A. Morgan, Chief of Division 
 E, which was known as the "Artillery" Division. The whole organization and work of the Trades 
 Advisory Committee and the committees working under it were of the highest order and justified 
 the expectations entertained for them by Chairman Cooke at the time of their creation at the 
 opening of the Second Loan. 
 
 FLYING SQUADRON 
 
 The second main division of the Distribution Department contemplated by Chairman Cooke 
 on the eve of the Second Liberty Loan campaign was the Canvassing Committee, later known 
 as the Flying Squadron. This committee became known as the Emergency Committee and came 
 into existence late in the campaign. It was organized by William T. Buckley and it took charge 
 of a house to house canvass of the city through the Police Department. The General Distribu- 
 tion Committee realized the dragnet possibihties of the Police force and received the ready 
 
462 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 co-operation of John Martin who was then Chief of PoUce. The Committee furnished each station 
 house with large suppUes of printed cards for signature and indicating whether or not the signer 
 had purchased a bond; and if not, whether he desired a representative of the Emergency Com- 
 mittee to call on him. The precinct captain served as a district chairman and furnished each 
 patrolman with a card for each householder on his beat. The patrolman in making his rounds 
 left a card at each home and either awaited the signature or went later for the signed card. These 
 cards were returned by the Police Captains to Police Headquarters and were taken from Police 
 Headquarters by Mr. James Flood who, with a staff made up of employees of the Chamber of 
 Commerce, sorted them into packages of twenty and delivered them to the Emergency Com- 
 mittee. Jesse C. Dann of the General Distribution Committee organized a force of salesmen who 
 made personal calls on every person who had indicated on the Police survey card a desire that 
 a bond salesman visit him. Mr. Buckley's staff in the Emergency Committee consisted of Elmer 
 B. Donaldson, Guy C. Metcalfe, J. Franklin Dyer and Perry R. Cant. 
 
 In the Second Campaign Clifford Hubbell organized the Patriotic Neighborhood Patrol which 
 made a house to house canvass of 160 square blocks in the residential sections of the city. Three 
 hundred volunteers did the work. Each worker canvassed all of the houses on both sides of the 
 block in which he lived. In the same Loan the Home Defense Reserve under Colonel H. I. Sackett, 
 conducted seventeen sales agencies in army tents located at selected street corners in the down- 
 town sections of the city. The tents were open from ten in the morning to ten at night and were 
 one of the most influential agencies of the selling organization. 
 
 Late in the Second Campaign as Chairman Cooke saw emergencies arise four other selling 
 organizations sprung up. They were the Election Booth Workers who sold bonds in 160 election 
 booths during the last three days of the campaign; the Antilles Avengers, who purchased an 
 additional bond of $1,000 as a pledge of Americans to avenge the destruction of the American 
 transport Antilles; the Junior 400 which was the $10,000 Club of the campaign, and the Citizens' 
 Patriotic Patrol to which was referred the names of men of ample means who had not subscribed 
 in sufficient amount to the Loan. 
 
 In the Third Loan the Canvassing Committee was organized with William T. Buckley as 
 Chairman, Avery Wolfe, Vice-Chairman and Miles Goldberg, Secretary. The remaining members 
 of the Committee were: H. I. Sackett, Theodore L. Richmond, Guy C. Metcalfe, Elmer B. 
 Donaldson, and Herbert A. Meldrum. The work of districting the city and of classifying and 
 distributing police survey cards was in charge of F. A. G. Merrill; Retail Zones in charge of 
 Theodore L. Richmond; the Home Defense Workers under the command of Colonel H. I. Sackett 
 and the Flying Squadron under Jesse C. Dann assisted by Guy C. Metcalfe, while Elmer B. 
 Donaldson served as Treasurer for the Committee. The Police Department made a city-wide 
 distribution of the survey cards and then collected the cards and returned them to the office of 
 the Canvassing Committee. In the case of one who had already subscribed to the Loan the card 
 called for the name and address of the subscriber, a report as to the amount of the subscription, 
 the agency through which it was made and the amount of his subscriptions to the First and 
 Second Loans. If the person receiving the card had not already subscribed, he was requested to 
 report whether he wished a representative of the Liberty Loan Committee to call upon him and 
 the hour at which he wished such representative to call. Sixty thousand of these cards were 
 returned by the Police Department to the Canvassing Committee. The cards were sorted to the 
 districts into which the Canvassing Committee had divided the city and were turned over to 
 the Committees in charge of the respective districts. The cards formed the basis of the Com- 
 mittee's canvass. During the campaign the Canvassing Committee turned in almost 13,000 sub- 
 scriptions amounting to over one million and a third of dollars. The Retail Zone Division of the 
 Canvassing Committee handled scattered miscellaneous retail stores which had not been assigned 
 to any regular trades committee. The Home Defense Reserve manned sales agencies in army 
 tents located at busy street corners. The Flying Squadron enrolled over two thousand emergency 
 salesmen who worked with the Canvassing Committee, the Special Committees and the Trades 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 463 
 
 Col. William J. Donovan Joining the Campaign Forces of the Fifth Loan 
 
 In the group from left to right are James H. McNulty, Vice-Chairman; Edward J. Barcalo, Vice-Chairman; George D. Crofts, Vice-Chairman; 
 
 Frank B. Baird, William A. Morgan, Walter P. Cooke, Chairman; Col. Donovan, Daniel J. Kenefick, A. G. Bartholomew, 
 
 Bradley Goodyear, Edward H. Butler, Dexter P. Rumsey and Rollin Lord O'Brian 
 
 Organizations. The Flying Squadron developed a military branch made up of three divisions 
 composed respectively of members of the 74th Infantry, the Third Artillery and Troop I. 
 
 In the Fourth Campaign the Flying Squadron was organized with William T. Buckley as Chair- 
 man; F. A. G. Merrill and E. D. McCarthy, Vice-Chairmen; L. H. Jones, Secretary; H. S. 
 Davis, Assistant Secretary; Jesse C. Dann, Chairman of Personnel; Theodore L. Richmond, 
 Treasurer and Owen B. Augspurger, Assistant Treasurer. The remaining members of the com- 
 mittee were: G. H. H. Hills, George C. Rounds, J. A. Wilson Jr., Joseph A. Archbald, John L. 
 Tiernon Jr., James P. Fowler and Horace Zwetch. The largest undertaking of the Committee 
 in this Loan was a house to house canvass of the entire city. It was organized in fourteen dis- 
 tricts corresponding to the boundaries of the Police Precincts and the station houses were used 
 as precincts headquarters. Mr. Merrill and James E. Ross divided each precinct into fifteen or 
 twenty subdivisions or blocks which were assigned to block captains. Edmond D. McCarthy 
 organized a force of two thousand volunteers to conduct the canvass. He appointed a colonel 
 and an adjutant to command each precinct organization. Under each colonel were two majors. 
 Announcement that a Police Survey card would be left with every resident of the city on Septem- 
 ber 30th was sent through the mail several days in advance. The Police Department distributed 
 the survey cards and the canvassers of the Fljdng Squadron collected them. If the card showed 
 that the person returning it had not yet subscribed to the Fourth Loan the salesman took his 
 subscription. The house to house canvass netted $784,500 in small subscriptions. In this cam- 
 paign Mr. Dann built up a sales group which became known as Squadron Scouts and which 
 handled the sales at special meetings such as the concerts of the French Band, the Italian Grena- 
 diers and the Great Lakes Band and outdoor gatherings assembled to hear Bill Hart or to see the 
 Bersaglieri. In this Loan the Home Defense Workers were in charge of Major James P. Fowler 
 
464 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 while the investment brokers of the city were organized under the leadership of Walter F. Stafford. 
 In the Fifth Loan Jesse C. Dann was Chairman of the Flying Squadron with Owen B. Augs- 
 purger, Louis S. Jones, Edmond D. McCarthy and T. A. G. Merrill, Vice-Chairmen ; Harry S. 
 Davis, Secretary and Raymond P. Fowler, Dexter P. Rumsey, William H. Kennedy, Robert C. 
 Lea, Dewitt C. Morrow, Joseph F. Nash, Theodore L. Richmond, WilUam Warren Smith, Sydnor 
 J. Tucker, G. H. H. Hills and H. J. Rolls Assistant Directors. As in the Fourth Loan the most 
 important undertaking of the Flying Squadron was a systematic house to house canvass of the 
 city. In this Loan the canvass was organized in districts corresponding to the ward boundaries 
 with the election district as the subdivision of the ward organization. In no campaign was the 
 house to house campaign so successful as in the Fifth when the subscriptions obtained totaled 
 $1,746,850 or more than double the amount of subscriptions obtained from the same source in 
 the Fourth Loan. 
 
 INDUSTRIAL PLANNING COMMITTEE 
 
 Just before the opening of the Fourth Campaign the Industrial Planning Committee was organ- 
 ized by H. P. Parrock. The Committee proved in the two succeeding loans to be a vitally impor- 
 tant aid to the efforts of Chairman Cooke and Vice-Chairman McNulty in charge of sales. Its 
 function was to set up in advance of the campaign an organization which would be prepared to 
 make a thorough canvass of plant employees. The Committee was concerned only with the sub- 
 scriptions of the employees engaged in the plants and was not concerned with the subscription 
 of the individual or corporation owning the plant. It directed its attention to the workman and 
 made him feel that he was a necessary part in Buffalo's share of financing the war. Before the 
 Fourth Loan was put on sale Mr. Parrock's Committee listed 694 plants which employed over 
 116,000 workers. Before the Fifth Loan 1,096 plants were listed and plant chairmen chosen. 
 In each plant the Committee chose a Liberty Loan representative who was the contact point 
 between the Liberty Loan Organization and the plant. Prior to the opening of the campaign the 
 Committee furnished each plant chairman with ample supplies of Liberty Loan posters and litera- 
 ture, with subscribers' buttons and honor window banners and ample quantities of the form of 
 contract between employer and employee where subscriptions were made on the partial payment 
 plan and payments were to be deducted from the weekly wages of the workmen. After the open- 
 ing of the campaign the Committee's whole function was to provide plant chairmen with suppHes 
 and to issue honor banners to plants, 90^^, 95% or 100% of whose entire working force were 
 subscribers to the Loan. The actual sales campaigns in the plants were conducted under the 
 direction of the Trades Advisory Committee. 
 
 WORK OF THE WOMEN 
 
 The women of Buffalo had an important part in the work of the Liberty Loan Organization. 
 Through the Women's Committee they conducted one of the great sales agencies of the cam- 
 paigns, but this did not mark the limit of their activities. They filled many other important 
 positions. In the general organization the Treasurer, Statistician, Manager of the Purchasing 
 Department and Manager of the Delivery Division of the Subscriptions Department were women. 
 In the Speakers Bureau, Clipping Bureau, and Art Bureau and in some of the Trades Committees, 
 women did very important work. The Educational Bureau was organized and operated by them 
 and the conduct of the Liberty Loan campaigns in the schools of the city was almost wholly 
 in their hands. The co-operation between men and women in the work was complete, each seek- 
 ing to assist the other in every effort to produce the maximum result. 
 
 The Women's Committee in the First Loan was organized by Mrs. Dexter P. Rumsey and took 
 charge of the sales booths in the retail stores and hotels. Twenty-five organizations of women took 
 part in the work, which was one of the most successful of the sales efforts of the First Campaign. 
 
 The work of the Committee in the Second Loan was carried on under the able, enthusiastic 
 and inspiring leadership of Mrs. Theodore M. Pomeroy, who served as Chairman of the Commit- 
 tee through four successive campaigns. With boundless energy she organized, directed and 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 465 
 
 guided the efforts of the women, giving great impetus to the work, and by her own fine example 
 keeping their zeal and enthusiasm at a high pitch throughout the campaigns. One portion of 
 the Liberty Loan work assumed by the women was the trying task of sitting all day long in sales 
 booths, in stores, railroad stations or moving picture houses to solicit subscriptions from passersby. 
 This wearisome, tedious, unromantic work, as well as the larger and more pleasant duties falling 
 to their lot, was performed with a cheerfulness and an optimism that was an inspiration to the 
 whole organization. To Mrs Pomeroy and to her associates too much credit cannot be given 
 for their painstaking and exacting work and the large success which met their efforts. 
 
 In organizing the women for 
 the Second Loan, Mrs. Pomeroy 
 was assisted by a committee 
 composed of Mrs. Henry Alt- 
 man, Mrs. William J. Conners, 
 Mrs. Walter P. Cooke, Miss 
 Marian de Forest, Mrs. H. W. 
 Dresser, Mrs. A. J. Elias, Mrs. 
 Frank Fiske, Mrs. Howard A. 
 Forman, Mrs. Louis P. Fuhr- 
 mann, Mrs. F. W. Kendall, Mrs. 
 Charles H. McCullough, Jr., 
 Mrs. Norman E. Mack, Mrs. 
 Roscoe R. Mitchell, Mrs. Wal- 
 ter W. Steele, Mrs. Harry 
 Spaulding, Mrs. Nelson Taylor, 
 Mrs. Richard H. Thompson, 
 Mrs. Charles Van Bergen, Mrs. 
 William C. Warren, Mrs. Thew 
 Wright, Mrs. Clinton R. Wyck- 
 off, Mrs. Harry Yates. 
 
 The work of the campaign 
 centered in sales booths which 
 were located in the down-town 
 
 stores and hotels. The women were unsparing in their labor and rolled up a magnificent total 
 of $4,022,050 of sales. 
 
 Mrs. Theodore M. Pomeroy was Chairman of the Women's Committee in the Third Campaign, 
 but was obliged to give up the work on the eve of the launching of the Loan when illness in her 
 family compelled her to leave the city. The duties of the Chairman were immediately taken 
 over by Mrs Edward H. Butler, Vice-Chairman of the Women's Committee, who with the able 
 assistance of Mrs. Walter P. Cooke, Mrs. Howard A. Forman, Mrs. Richard H. Thompson, Mrs. 
 John H. Lascelles, conducted a most successful campaign. With no previous Liberty Loan ex- 
 perience Mrs. Butler organized and directed the work with tact, force and judgment which 
 revealed in her an executive of rare ability. 
 
 The activities of the Committee were broadened in this campaign. Sales agencies were for the first 
 time established in the theaters, moving picture houses and railroad stations, and committees were 
 formed in the Women's Fraternal Organizations and Clubs to canvass their membership for subscrip- 
 tions to the Loan. The work in the Women's Fraternal Organizations and Clubs was placed under 
 the direction of Mrs. Howard A. Forman, who conducted it with marked success in three cam- 
 paigns. The Women's Committee obtained 12,004 separate subscriptions to the Third Loan in the 
 splendid total of $4,847,800. There were 7,127 subscriptions of $50.00 each; 2,021 of $100.00 each; 
 2,306 ranging from $150.00 to $950,00 each; and 550 of $1,000.00 or more each. Particularly note- 
 worthy was the Committee's success in spreading its sales over a large number of small subscribers. 
 
 Mrs. Edward H. Butler, and Chairman Cooke 
 
466 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 In the Fourth Loan Mrs. Theodore M. Pomeroy, who had so ably conducted the work of the 
 women in the Second Loan, was the Chairman of the Women's Committee. Associated with her 
 as Vice Chairmen were Mrs. Edward H. Butler and Mrs. Howard A. Forman. Mrs. Charles P. 
 Chapin had charge of sales in the moving picture houses. Mrs. James H. McNulty directed 
 sales in the theatres, and Mrs. Richard H. Thompson handled the booths which were located 
 in the stores, hotels, public buildings and railroad stations. Mrs. Walter P. Cooke was in charge 
 of collections from all of these sources. 
 
 Mrs. Howard A. Forman working in conjunction with Mrs. E. C. Sornberger again directed 
 the activities of the Women's Organizations and Clubs. Her work in this Loan, as in the pre- 
 ceding Loan, was of a most constructive sort and represented direct sales to women purchasers 
 who were least likely to be approached by members of the other sales agencies of the Organiza- 
 tion. Many of the clubs operating under Mrs. Forman's direction obtained 100 per cent records — 
 every member being a bond purchaser. In the Fourth Loan the Committee obtained 2050 sub- 
 scriptions totaling $362,450.00. In this Loan Mrs. John H. Lascelles again headed the Women's 
 Special Subscriptions' Committee, which solicited the subscriptions of women amply able to pur- 
 chase in substantial sums. Mrs Harry P. Parrock handled the work in the industrial plants and 
 establishments. The Women's Committee reported 12,151 subscriptions amounting to $7,034,050. 
 They were divided as follows: Booths — 7,128 subscriptions totaling $4,975,150; Moving Pic- 
 ture Houses — 1,727 subscriptions totaling $252,200; Theaters — 1,246 subscriptions totaling 
 $1,444,250; Women's Organizations — 2,050 subscriptions totaling $362,450. 
 
 In the Fifth Loan the work of the women was again handled in a noteworthy manner by Mrs. 
 Theodore M. Pomeroy as Chairman, with the same leaders and on the same lines which had proven 
 so successful in the Fourth Campaign. Mrs. Edward H. Butler and Mrs. Howard A. Forman 
 served as her Vice-Chairmen. Mrs. Richard H. Thompson directed the work of twenty-one 
 booths located in the stores and hotels; Mrs. James H. McNulty the work in four large theaters; 
 Mrs. Charles P. Chapin the work in thirty -four moving picture houses; Mrs. Howard A. Forman 
 and Mrs. E. C. Sornberger the work in the Women's Fraternal Organizations and Clubs; and 
 Mrs. Harry P. Parrock the work in the Church Clubs of the city. Mrs. Walter P. Cooke directed 
 the collection of subscriptions and down payments at the booths, and Mrs John H. Lascelles 
 again managed the important work of the Women's Special Subscriptions Committee. In 
 the Fifth Loan, as in the Fourth, Mrs. Charles H. McCuUough Jr., and Mrs. J. Sterling 
 Deans had charge of the Women's Reservations for the dinners and luncheons of the General 
 Organization. 
 
 The Women's Committee reported 10,164 subscriptions to the Fifth Loan in the aggregate 
 of $6,152,100. These subscriptions were distributed as follows: Booths — 5,064 bonds totaling 
 $4,859,350; Moving Picture Houses— 1,498 bonds totaling $356,850; Theatres— 893 bonds 
 totaling $1,097,250; Churches— 1,338 bonds totaling $312,700; Organizations and Clubs— 1,371 
 bonds totaling $276,200. 
 
 SALES BOOTH COMMITTEE 
 
 This Committee was organized in the Third Campaign by Proctor Carr. Its function was to 
 locate, erect and decorate sales booths and to furnish them with Liberty Loan Hterature and 
 supplies and to make daily collections of the applications and initial payments received by the 
 women in charge of the booths. In the Fourth Loan the Committee was headed by Woodward 
 Sears and in the Fifth Loan by IJ. L. Caudell. In the Third and Fourth Campaigns Arthur E. 
 Smith was Vice-Chairman. The booths were located in the hotels, departments and small retail 
 stores, office buildings, theaters, moving picture houses, railway stations and public buildings. 
 Twice each day members of the Committee visited the booths and deUvered supplies. A separate 
 force of bank employees was organized to handle the collections, which extended well toward 
 midnight when the theatres and moving picture houses of the city closed. The Committee's 
 work was thoughtfully planned by Mr. Carr at the opening of the Third Campaign, and was 
 carefully and painstakingly executed under his direction and under the direction of his successors. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 467 
 
 SCHOOLS 
 
 No report of the work of the Liberty Loan Organization would be complete without some refer- 
 ence to the part taken by the school children of Buffalo. It is here summarized very briefly, as 
 a chapter of this volume is devoted to the record of their war activities. 
 
 In the First Liberty Loan Campaign the pupils of the Buffalo Public Schools were used only 
 in the distribution of literature. In the last four campaigns they sold $8,947,050 of bonds to 
 90,045 subscribers. They obtained one-seventh of all the subscriptions received by the Commit- 
 tee in these four campaigns. They collected and accounted for over $1,000,000 of initial pay- 
 ments, and never lost a subscription nor a dollar 
 of the Committee's funds. 
 
 The work in the schools in the Second Loan was 
 skillfully organized by Dr. Daniel Upton of the 
 Buffalo State Normal School, who built up one of 
 the most remarkable organizations of the cam- 
 paigns. His organization was a highly effective sell- 
 ing agency and at the same time was one of the 
 Committee's most valuable educational and publi- 
 city instrumentalities. The first work of the Schools 
 Committee in the Second Loan was the placing of 
 Liberty Loan literature in the homes of the 70,000 
 pubUc school children of the city. This was handled 
 under the direction of Mr. Elmer J. Cobb, Principal 
 of School No. 60. 
 
 The features of the Schools Campaign in the 
 Second Loan were a mass meeting of 1500 teachers 
 at Hutchinson-Central High School on October 11, 
 1917, at which the speakers were Chairman Walter 
 P. Cooke, Mayor Louis P. Fuhrmann, Myron S. 
 Hall and Christopher G. Grauer; a night school 
 parade, organized and directed by Dr. George E. 
 Smith and followed by a mass meeting of night 
 school students at Elmwood Music Hall, addressed 
 by Hon. Daniel J. Kenefick and Hon. George W. 
 Wickersham; and a meeting of 12,000 pupils in the Broadway Auditorium on Liberty Loan 
 Day, October 24, addressed by Chairman Walter P. Cooke and Mr. John Mitchell of the New 
 York State Food Commission. Much educational work was done through a series of essay 
 contests participated in by the entire school system. Competition among schools was stimulated 
 by the daily award of a "Liberty Loan Leader's Flag," which passed each day to the school which 
 had reported the largest number of bond sales on the preceding day. Some of the best propa- 
 ganda work in all of the campaigns was done by hundreds of grade teachers who reached in 
 ingenious ways into homes of the children of their class-rooms. In this Loan the public school 
 pupils sold 12,251 bonds in the amount of $1,115,800. 
 
 The Third, Fourth and Fifth Campaigns in the public schools were directed by Dr. George E. 
 Smith, who was assisted by Benjamin L. Abel. A quota was first given to the Schools Committee 
 in the Third Loan. Originally it was $1,000,000, later it was increased to $1,500,000, and again 
 increased to $2,000,000. At the close of the campaign the public schools had a record of 21,975 
 subscriptions in the total sum of $2,050,200. In this campaign each school was given a definite quota 
 by Dr. Smith and Mr. Abel, and a quota flag was awarded to each school on reaching its quota. 
 A leader's banner was awarded daily to the school which sold the most bonds on the preceding 
 day and honor badges were given in every class room to the pupils making the best sales records. A 
 bulletin board on the outside of every school showed the progress of the school toward its quota. 
 
 Mrs. Theodore M. Pomeroy, Chairman, Women's 
 
 Committee, and A. B. Wright, of the 
 
 Publicity Department 
 
468 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 The Public Schools Committee met its severest test in the Fourth Campaign when the schools 
 were closed on account of the Influenza epidemic. So well constructed, however, was the organi- 
 zation that it worked through to the close of the campaign and surpassed its splendid records 
 of the Second and Third Loans. The Public schools sold $2,583,250 of Fourth Liberty Bonds to 
 26,079 subscribers. Nowhere in the whole Liberty Loan Organization was the spirit of competi- 
 tion more keenly developed than in the schools. 
 
 In the Fifth Loan, with practically the same organization which had operated so successfully 
 in the Third and Fourth Loans, the pupils of the Public Schools obtained 29,742 subscriptions 
 aggregating $3,197,800. No selling agency in the Liberty Loan Organization has a finer record than 
 have the Public Schools of Buffalo, whose achievements reflect the inspiring leadership of Dr. 
 
 George E. Smith and Benjamin 
 L . Abel and the loyal and enthu- 
 siastic support given them by 
 the principals, teachers and 
 pupils of their schools. 
 
 The parochial schools round- 
 ed out the work of the public 
 schools. In the Second Cam- 
 paign this work was conducted 
 under the direction of the Rt. 
 Rev. Bishop Dougherty and 
 under the supervision of Rev. 
 E. F. Gibbons, then Superin- 
 tendent of the Buffalo Parochial 
 Schools. In the Third Loan the 
 work was directed by Chancel- 
 lor Walsh and Rev. Francis T. 
 Kanaley. In the Fourth and 
 Fifth Loans Father Kanaley 
 was in sole charge and attained 
 splendid results. The total sales 
 in the Second Loan amounted 
 to $110,000; in the Third Loan $286,000; in the Fourth Loan $346,850; and in the Fifth Loan 
 $334,750. The fine showing of these schools can be attributed in no small part to the zeal with 
 which Rev. Francis T. Kanaley organized and directed the work. 
 
 The Private Schools — the Buffalo Seminary, Park School, Elmwood School and Nichols School 
 — were organized for Liberty Loan work by a committee led by Walter D. Head, the Master of 
 the Nichols School, and Miss L. Gertrude Angell, Principal of the Buffalo Seminary. The re- 
 maining members of the Committee were Miss Mary H. Lewis of the Park School and Miss 
 Charlotte K. Holbrooke of the Elmwood School. In the Fourth Loan the private schools sold 
 $309,200 of bonds against a quota of $50,000,while in the Fifth Loan their total sales were $397,500. 
 The pupils of the private schools also gave great assistance to the Liberty Loan Organization 
 in circulating literature, posting "Double The Third" slogan targets, and furnishing cars for 
 the use of the Speakers Bureau. 
 
 FRATERNAL ORGANIZATIONS 
 
 The Committee on Fraternal Organizations and Clubs left a noteworthy record in the Liberty 
 Loan campaigns. In the Second campaign it turned in subscriptions totaUng $1,468,850; in the 
 Third $1,455,950; in the Fourth $1,756,470; and in the Fifth $1,647,300. John A. Kloepfer was 
 Chairman and Horace B. Pomeroy Secretary of the Committee in all of the campaigns. In the 
 Fourth and Fifth Loans, Ernest W. Mclntjo-e was Vice-Chairman and Fred J. Waldo, Assist- 
 
 Temple Beth Zion's Appeal 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 469 
 
 ant Secretary. The work of the Committee was to organize a Liberty Loan campaign within 
 every fraternal body, association, club and society in Buffalo, and to direct through these sub- 
 committees an aggressive crusade for the sale of the bonds. The Committee conducted excellent 
 campaigns, not only organizing the Liberty Loan sub-committees in all of the clubs and societies 
 but prepared sales plans, opened sales booths and organized within the clubs and societies meet- 
 ings which were addressed by Liberty Loan speakers requisitioned from the Speakers Bureau. 
 In addition this industrious committee circularized the membership of many of the organiza- 
 tions and went far in assisting the sub-committees in their effort to obtain 100 per cent records 
 for the clubs — "every member a bond owner." The Committee was at the time an important 
 selling organization and a valuable publicity agency. Its activities reached out into more than 
 three hundred organized groups of the city. 
 
 PUBLIC EMPLOYEES COMMITTEE 
 
 The Public Employees Committee was created to canvass the Federal, State, County and 
 City employees located in Buffalo. The Committee was headed by Major Louis P. Fuhrmann 
 in the first two campaigns and by Mayor George S. Buck during the Third, Fourth and Fifth 
 Campaigns, both of whom co-operated closely with Chairman Cooke and Director of Distri- 
 bution McNulty. Charles H. Armitage was Secretary of the Committee in the last three 
 campaigns. The Committee was assisted in the active work of canvassing by subcom- 
 mittees organized in every department and bureau of the City Government and in every de- 
 partment of the Federal, State and County Governments located in the city. There were sub- 
 committees in the Departments of Finance and Accounts, Public Works, Parks and Public Build- 
 ings, Public Affairs, Police and Fire. A special sub-committee handled the remaining city depart- 
 ments through the Mayor's office. This committee took charge of canvassing the employees of 
 the Health Department, Department of Hospitals and Dispensaries, J. N. Adam Memorial 
 Hospital, City Court, Civil Service Commission, Public Markets, Public Libraries, Grade Cros- 
 sing Commission, Railroad Terminal Commission, and Examining Board of Plumbers. 
 
 Mrs. John R. Pratt, Chairman, Women's Committee of the Second Federal Reserve District, 
 and Leaders of the Women's Committee of Buffalo 
 
470 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 The County employees were divided into two groups — one including the employees of the 
 Department of Charities and Correction, and the other comprising the offices of the Commis- 
 sion of Jurors, District Attorney, Sheriff, Treasurer, Purchasing Agent, Auditor, Surrogate, 
 Probation Officer, Bureau of Elections, County Engineer, and County Clerk. 
 
 The Federal employees were canvassed by a sub-committee composed of men engaged in that 
 service. This sub-committee canvassed the employees of the United States District Court, Customs 
 Office, Post Office, Internal Revenue Office and Office of the United States Attorney. 
 
 The canvass of the State employees was conducted by men engaged in the service of that 
 subdivision of the Government. The committee canvassed the Buffalo employees of the State 
 Agriculture Department, State Election Bureau, State Highway Department, State Hospitals, 
 State Engineering Department, State Industrial Commission and State Excise Department. 
 
 The total subscriptions obtained by the Public Employees Committee amounted to $346,000 
 in the Second Loan; $557,050 in the Third Loan; $627,250 in the Fourth Loan; and $575,000 in 
 the Victory Loan. The greatest number of subscriptions obtained by the committee in any one 
 Loan was in the Fourth, when the figure reached 7,266. 
 
 BANKS 
 
 Buffalo's fine achievements in the Liberty Loan Campaigns would have been impossible with- 
 out the united and generous support of the local banks. That splendid support was forthcoming 
 in all of the campaigns. Under the guidance of the Committee on Banks, of which Myron S. 
 Hall, President of the Buffalo Trust Company, was Chairman, in each of the Loans the banks 
 agreed on a uniform plan for extending generous terms of credit to purchasers of Liberty Bonds. 
 These arrangements were vital to the success of the campaigns and indispensable in carrying out 
 the Treasury Department's wish that purchases of bonds be made from future income rather than 
 from accumulated savings. Were purchasers of a five billion dollar issue of bonds made in cash 
 upon delivery of the bonds, and were the cash withdrawn from the banks of the country to meet 
 the payments, it is evident that the credit system of the country would be at once disorganized. 
 
 The banks of the city bore the tremendous burden in acting as agent for the Treasury De- 
 partment in collecting payments on all subscriptions and in handling the delivery of all bonds. 
 Every subscription, no matter through what source it was made, ultimately reached one of the 
 banks of the city, which eventually collected the payments thereon and made delivery of the 
 bonds called for under the subscription. This required that each bank build up a special Liberty 
 Loan Department to handle this work. The expense of maintaining these departments was 
 borne by the banks themselves without cost to the Treasury Department, the Federal Bank or 
 the Buffalo Liberty Loan Committee. 
 
 After the Second Campaign the commercial banks and trust companies were not asked by the 
 Liberty Loan Committee to make subscriptions on their own account. It was the policy of the 
 Committee to leave the resources of the banks free to finance the industrial operations of the 
 city and place the burden of carrying the Loans upon the citizens of Buffalo. The banks always 
 stood ready to come to the aid of the Committee with substantial subscriptions, but the Com- 
 mittee adhered strictly to its policy, and during the last three campaigns received no subscrip- 
 tions from the institutions financing the mercantile and industrial establishments. The Savings 
 Banks, however, were substantial subscribers to all of the Loans. At the opening of the Fourth 
 Campaign they were the first to respond to the campaign slogan "Double The Third", and in- 
 creased by 100 per cent their subscriptions to the Loan of the spring of 1918. In doubling 
 the Third the Buffalo Savings Bank and the Erie County Savings Bank each sub- 
 scribed for $2,000,000; the Western Savings Bank and the American Savings Bank for 
 $500,000 each. In the Fifth Loan the Buffalo Savings Bank subscribed for $5,000,000 and 
 the Erie County Savings Bank for $2,000,000. The Bankers Committee rendered invaluable service 
 to the various selling committees by urging generous subscriptions on the part of their customers 
 and by making those subscriptions possible by the liberal extension of credit. In the Fifth Campaign 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 471 
 
 the banks furnished the membership of the "Not Enough Committee." Mr. Myron S. Hall 
 was Chairman of this Committee. Below its Chairman the Committee was made up of junior 
 officers of the banks who each day reviewed all subscriptions of $1,000 or more to determine 
 whether or not the same were adequate. Possessing an accurate knowledge of the subscriber's 
 financial position, the members of this Committee were able to render a service which no other 
 group of men could have rendered, and which resulted in a single Loan in increasing by over one 
 million dollars the subscriptions which passed under their scrutiny. 
 
 SPECIAL SUBSCRIPTIONS COMMITTEE 
 
 The Special Subscriptions Committee was organized at the beginning of the Second Campaign. 
 Under the energetic and tactful leadership of Mr. Harry T. Ramsdell, President of the Manu- 
 facturers and Traders National Bank, it made a brilliant record. Its function at the time of its 
 organization was to readjust the perspective of men who would ordinarily subscribe for $10,000 of 
 bonds, but who by the liberal use of credit could subscribe for $50,000. Without such a readjust- 
 ment of perspective, Buffalo could never have attained its quota of $55,000,000 in the Second 
 Loan or its large quotas of the later Loans. Mr. Ramsdell's Committee taught the citizens of Buffalo 
 that war financing was a gigantic operation which required individual effort undreamed of in 
 times of peace. The Committee was not designed to seek out subscriptions of $100,000 or more. 
 That was the work of other agencies. Its activities were limited to raising the $10,000 and 
 $25,000 subscriptions to $50,000. On Mr. Ramsdell's roll of honor at the close of the Second 
 Loan were the names of 268 individuals and corporations who subscribed for $50,000 each and 
 three who subscribed for $100,000 each. The total subscriptions obtained by the Committee 
 amounted to $13,700,000, of which $8,000,000 was undoubtedly new money brought in by the 
 efforts of the Committee. In the Third Loan the Committee obtained $15,769,000 of subscrip- 
 tions. Having performed this important work of re-education in the Second and Third Loans, 
 the Committee enlarged its field in the Fourth and Fifth Campaigns and generally solicited all 
 subscriptions of $50,000 or more. 
 
 DINNERS AND LUNCHEONS 
 
 While the pressure of work placed a limitation on the development of the social side of the 
 Organization, it was by no means neglected and was the source of much inspiration and pleasure. 
 Each campaign opened and closed with an Organization dinner. At the dinner which marked 
 the opening of the last four loans Chairman Cooke, in his keynote utterances, delivered some of 
 the most stirring addresses of the campaigns. Ambassador Henry T. Morgenthau spoke at the 
 opening of the Fourth Loan and Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer at the opening of the 
 Fifth. Dr. George E. Vincent, President of the Rockefeller Foundation, was the principal speaker 
 at the dinner which closed the Fourth Campaign and C. Wallace Petty of New York, at the final 
 gathering of the Fifth. Their brilliant addresses will long be remembered by those who heard them. 
 
 Daily noon-day luncheons were held during the campaigns and were of great aid in developing 
 and sustaining the enthusiasm of the Organization. At the luncheons announcement was made 
 of the status of the campaign at that hour and the honor roll was read giving the names of the 
 committees which had reached their quotas or whose work had been particularly commendable 
 on the preceding day. Aside from the social feature of the noon-day luncheons they stimulated 
 the spirit of rivalry and competition among the committees and served as a relaxation for the 
 overwrought nerves of the workers. Among the speakers at the luncheons in the Second Loan 
 were Newell Dwight Hillis, John R. Mott, Samuel V. V. Holmes, John Drew, William J. Bryan, 
 Cameron J. Davis, Andrew V. V. Raymond, Rev. Thomas J. Walsh, Rabbi Louis J. Kopald, 
 Richard W. Boynton, John J. Virgo, and Christopher G. Grauer. In the Third Loan, the list 
 included: Hon. J. Sloat Fassett, of Elmira; Senator James W. Wadsworth, Representative S. 
 Wallace Dempsey, Governor Charles S. Whitman, Mrs. Helen Z. M. Rodgers, Dr. Frank G. 
 Ferry, President of Hamilton College; Rabbi Max Drob, former Mayor Louis P. Fuhrmann, Rev, 
 
472 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 S. V. V. Holmes, Sergeant Verne Marshall, Bishop E. J. Johnson of Cape Town, James M. Curly, 
 former Mayor of Boston, and Daniel A. Reed. Among the luncheon speakers in the Fourth Loan 
 were Job Hedges, J. Sloat Fassett, Dr. Jacob Gould Schurman, Dr. S. V. V. Holmes and Rev. 
 Richard Wilson Boynton, Governor Alfred A. Smith, Senator James W. Wadsworth Jr., and former 
 Governor Whitman, Sir Arthur Yapp, Lieutenant John Philip Sousa and Bill Hart. In the Fifth 
 Loan inspiring speeches were made by Lieutenant Karl A. Wilhelm, Job E. Hedges, Daniel A. 
 Reed, Mrs. Basil Clark, Admiral William S. Sims, Rabbi Louis J. Kopald, Chaplain John C. 
 Ward, Sergeant Roderick MacGregor, Colonel William J. Donovan, Walter R. Lord, Edward B. 
 Hatch, Colonel William Hayward and John Lord O'Brian. 
 
 SUBSCRIPTIONS DEPARTMENT 
 
 The Subscriptions Department was organized for the purpose of receiving subscriptions ob- 
 tained by the solicitors of the bond-selling agencies of the Organization and passing them on to 
 the banks which the subscribers had indicated as the place for final payment and deUvery of the 
 bonds called for in the application. During the First Campaign the Department was managed 
 by Mr. Howard Bissell, Vice-President of the People's Bank. During the Second Loan it was 
 managed by Mr. A. G. Haselbauer of the Marine National Bank, and during the Third, Fourth 
 and Fifth Loans its work was directed by Merle H. Denison, Secretary and Treasurer of the Fidel- 
 ity Trust Company. During the First and Second Loans the Department had cramped accom- 
 modations in the headquarters at No. 302 Main Street. In the Third Loan it was located at No. 
 21 West Swan Street in the quarters adjoining those occupied by the Publicity Department. 
 In the Fourth Loan it had the fine banking room formerly occupied by the Bankers' Trust Com- 
 pany in the Chamber of Commerce Building, and in the Fifth Loan it was equally well housed 
 in the former quarters of the Bank of Buffalo , at Main and Seneca Streets, which had become the 
 property of the Erie Finance Corporation. The Chamber of Commerce and Erie Finance Corpo- 
 ration generously contributed these quarters for the use of the Department. 
 
 In the First, Second and Third Campaigns the record of the Department consisted of a card 
 catalogue of all subscriptions passing through the Department and bank letters on which each 
 bank had receipted item for item, for each subscription sent to it by the Liberty Loan Committee. 
 A record card was made for each subscription received. The cards gave the name of the subscri- 
 ber, address, amount of subscription, amount of down payment, the date of the subscription, 
 and the bank through which the transaction was to be handled. These cards were used in all 
 five campaigns. In the first three campaigns the original application, with the attached initial 
 payment, in currency or check, accompanied the bank letters. Between the Third and Fourth 
 Loans, Mr. Denison, in conjunction with Vice-Chairman Crofts, organized the Department on a 
 banking basis. The new system proved one hundred per cent efficient, for the Department handled 
 over ninety million dollars of subscriptions in the Fourth and Fifth Loans without a single error. 
 The new system was designed to make easy the work of tracing subscriptions which failed 
 promptly to reach their banking destination, and also to afford a protection to bond salesmen 
 who had received payments from subscribers and deHvered them to the Subscriptions Department. 
 
 In the Fourth Campaign the Department handled about 110,000 subscriptions aggregating $45,- 
 000,000, accompanied by $610,000 of initial cash payments and $3,500,000 of payments in checks. 
 In the Fifth Loan the subscriptions passing through the Department totaled $44,717,650 on 
 which the initial payments amounted to $2,348,926. 
 
 In both the Third and Fourth Loans the banks of the city contributed the services of their 
 best tellers and clerks. Among those who rendered most valuable services were Edward F. Ben- 
 ner, A. G. Haselbauer of the Marine Trust Company, Charles J. Barry and Albert McMullen 
 of the Manufacturers & Traders National Bank, Clyde E. Conrad of the City Trust Company, 
 and Harold Connor of the Buffalo Trust Company. In the Fourth and Fifth Loans Mrs. Edmund 
 B. Neil, a volunteer in the organization, handled the dehvery to the banks of ninety million 
 dollars of subscriptions. Her work was done with marvelous skill and deserves particular 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 473 
 
 The Committee on Banks, Myron S. Hall, Chairman 
 
 The Executive Committee of the Organization in the Third Loan 
 
 4 
 
474 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 mention. In the Fifth Loan Byron J. Erb was assistant manager of the Department. He did 
 excellent work and carried a large part of the burden. 
 
 STATISTICAL DEPARTMENT 
 
 The Statistical Department was organized before the opening of the Fourth Campaign for the 
 purpose of assembling data from which could be compiled a daily official report which would 
 reflect the real status of the campaign. The daily report of the Buffalo Clearing House Associa- 
 tion of the total number and amount of subscriptions reported to it by the banks of the city 
 could not reflect the condition of the campaign on the day on which the report was issued. It 
 was to correct this discrepancy and to make possible the daily issuance of a true official report 
 that Mrs. George D. Crofts organized the Statistical Department and managed it through the 
 Fourth and Fifth Campaigns. 
 
 The sources of information of the Statistical Department were the Buffalo Clearing House As- 
 sociation, the members of the selling committees of the Distribution Department and the Com- 
 mittee on Special Subscriptions. From the former the Department received each day a card rec- 
 ord of all subscriptions of $1,000 or more; and from the latter it received information of all large 
 subscriptions which had been received or promised, even though those subscriptions had not yet 
 passed through the Subscriptions Department or through any of the banks. Most of the subscrip- 
 tions of $50,000 or more were reported to the Statistical Department before they were actually 
 received by the banks or reported to the Clearing House. "Promise" cards, as distinguished from 
 real subscription cards received from the Clearing House, were filed in a separate drawer and 
 were checked each day against the Clearing House records. When a "promise" was reported 
 through the Clearing House it was at once withdrawn from the "promise" file. The official An- 
 nouncement issued each day by Chairman Cooke was made up of the Clearing House total plus 
 sufficient of the "promise" subscriptions to reflect the real conditions of the campaign. 
 
 While the Statistical Department was organized for the purpose of preparing an accurate of- 
 ficial daily report it at once developed into a valuable aid to the selling organization. During 
 both the Fourth and Fifth Campaigns it daily furnished to the Distribution Department a card 
 record of every subscription of $1,000 or more reported by the Buffalo banks to the Clearing 
 House Association, and before the opening of the Fifth Campaign furnished to the Distribution 
 chiefs and to the Division Chiefs of the Trades Advisory Committee a complete tabulation of the 
 subscriptions in the Second, Third and Fourth Loans of each individual who had subscribed for 
 $1,000 or more of the bonds of any one of those issues. The Statistical Department, from its 
 "promise" cards made up each day a list of "promise" subscriptions which had not come promptly 
 through the Clearing House. These lists were furnished to the chairman of the selling committee 
 which would naturally obtain the subscription and he in turn would have the delinquent sub- 
 scription followed up. Three days before the end of the Fourth and Fifth Campaigns the head 
 of the Statistical Department telephoned direct to each subscriber for $25,000 or more whose 
 subscription had not yet been reported by the Clearing House, and on the final day of the cam- 
 paign prepared a list of outstanding "promises" with a record of the bank through which the sub- 
 scription was claimed to have been placed. On the afternoon of the closing day of the Campaign 
 these records were checked with the banks concerned by Chairman Cooke and Vice-Chairmen 
 Barcalo and Crofts. 
 
 The writer cannot express his real appreciation of the management of the Statistical Depart- 
 ment lest his admiration for the unusual abilities of its head lead him to extravagance. 
 
 Mrs. Maude E. Applegate, who in the Third Loan was assistant to the Treasurer in charge of 
 purchasing and accounting, organized and operated the Purchasing Department in the Fourth 
 and Fifth Loans. She awarded all contracts for equipment, printing and supplies and selected 
 and engaged the clerical and stenographic force for the entire organization. Her activities, which 
 were varied and arduous, began two months before the opening of a campaign and continued for 
 weeks after its close. Before each Loan she transformed the vacant stores and rooms at 11-19 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 475 
 
 West Swan Street into comfortable headquarters offices, borrowing vanloads of furniture from the 
 merchants of Buffalo, setting up a telephone service to carry in three weeks 100,000 messages 
 from fifty busy desks, and providing all the equipment essential to the orderly conduct of a great 
 business. During the campaigns her offices at headquarters were busy from early morning until 
 late at night. She was unsparing in her effort and left behind her a fine record for efficiency, 
 courtesy and tactfulness. 
 
 THE TREASURERS 
 
 John L. Tiernon Jr., was Treasurer and office manager of the Second and Third Campaigns. 
 He was one of the men upon whom Chairman Cooke called at the very opening of the Second 
 Loan and almost over night he created the office organization for that campaign. In both the 
 Second and Third Loans the collecting, accounting and banking of expense moneys, the pur- 
 chase of all supplies and equipment and the hiring and managing of the clerical help was carried 
 on under his direction. In the Fourth Campaign, Mr. Tiernon undertook the important work of 
 the Out-of-Town Subscriptions Committee which under his energetic and capable leadership ob- 
 tained a total of $7,193,600 of subscriptions to the Fifth Loan. 
 
 Mrs. Edward H. Butler's work in the Fourth and Fifth Campaigns in the important office of 
 Treasurer has already been noted in connection with her splendid reports, which are the basis 
 of all definite statements and conclusions regarding the result of the Liberty Loan work in Buf- 
 falo during those campaigns. She entered upon her work with enthusiasm and carried it through 
 to its final conclusion with scrupulous attention to accuracy, completeness and dispatch. Much 
 of the accounting system and classifications as finally developed were organized and installed by 
 her, and the Liberty Loan Organization is fortunate in having, as a result of her painstaking 
 efforts, a model set of financial records and a splendid financial statement. Her work is the more 
 worthy of commendation in that she transferred to the financial department of the entire Organi- 
 zation in the last two Loans the same industry, tact, sound business judgment and success that 
 marked her leadership of the Women's Committee in the Third Campaign. 
 
 No history of the Buffalo Liberty Loan Organization can conclude without expression of the 
 debt of gratitude which Buffalo and Buffalonians owe to Walter P. Cooke whose splendid leader- 
 ship made possible the results here recorded. The elements of success had long been present in 
 the city, but in an undertaking of such magnitude there was needed a focal point about which 
 these elements could and would integrate. Mr. Cooke in a unique way held the confidence and 
 respect of the city. He believed in the city and the citizens believed in him. The city was 
 ready and willing to follow his leadership, and he accepted their confidence as a sacred trust. 
 How wisely he employed this public confidence and trust, and developed it from day to day 
 and from campaign to campaign into purposeful city-wide co-operative action, is a remarkable 
 story in itself. Much was expected of him and he met the expectation fully, giving freely of 
 himself, and never demanding more of his associates than he was willing to give. He has mod- 
 estly refused to accept the popular verdict that the success of the Liberty Loan work was due 
 to his leadership. But no one can select another citizen of Buffalo so fortunately placed, so 
 favorably known, and so varied in interests and experience, who could have contributed in the 
 vast way he did the elements of position, personality, influence, popularity and ability that 
 through him told so mightily in the sum total of Buffalo's Liberty Loan successes. 
 
 The Great War is ended. Our boys have marched out from their French billets, said farewell 
 to their comrades who sleep beneath the little wooden crosses in a foreign land, and in thronging 
 convoys have sailed westward to America and home. They have laid aside the olive drab and 
 navy blue, and no longer wake in a strange land to the bugle call of reveille. They are walking 
 our streets, are back at the desks or in the shop and factory busy with the everyday tasks they 
 laid aside two short years ago when the summons came to fight for liberty. No longer the flying 
 flags canopy the Avenue of Allies. It is Main Street once again. The bulletin boards and shop 
 windows are bare of the signs that but a few months ago told us to choose between Hun 
 or Home, to buy bonds to our utmost, to see it through, to finish the job. The hurrying 
 
476 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 
 
 ^BUY 
 
 ''■^==^-"E^:4 
 
 hvymore 
 
 Liberty Bonds 
 
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 ■^^i:^ 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 477 
 
 throngs have left the Liberty Loan headquarters. Their work is done. The chapter is closed. 
 
 And yet the work of the Liberty Loan and the other war activities from May, 1917, to May, 
 1919, have left an impress on the life of Buffalo that will continue for years to come. The 
 Liberty Loan Organization had its strength and retained its influence because of the compre- 
 hensiveness of its organization. The Liberty Loan Organization was Buffalo. Guided by the active 
 workers numbering three thousand, it reached out to include every church, every school, every 
 shop, every factory, every plant, every office and every home in the city. It knew no east side 
 nor west side, no north side nor south side—it was Buffalo. The lines between the rich and the poor, 
 labor and capital, employer and employee, Catholic, Protestant and Jew, white and colored, 
 were lines of demarcation that vanished in the cause of raising the moneys that were to back 
 our soldiers and sailors in a fight to the finish. 
 
 And with it all was a spirit of solidarity, a spirit of optimism, a spirit of co-operation and a de- 
 termination to win in spite of every obstacle — a spirit that brooked no interference and drove 
 straight on to success. 
 
 No city can go through such an experience of its entire citizenship banded together for unsel- 
 fish public service and remain unchanged. No city can face the impossible five times and accom- 
 plish it with a wide margin to spare without the creation of a fundamental belief in itself, if hitherto 
 such faith was missing. 
 
 The typical Buffalonian of a few years ago has been described as one who asked of each visitor 
 to our city, "What is the matter with Buffalo?" and then spent half an hour apologetically ex- 
 plaining to the stranger what really was the matter. We no longer apologize. We boast. We no 
 longer doubt. We know our strength. We have been put to the test and have risen high above 
 American cities in practical evidence of our resources, energy, loyalty and patriotism. Confi- 
 dence has taken the place of doubt. Optimism has taken the place of criticism. We have given 
 much and have become richer in the giving. 
 
 George D. Crofts, Vice-Chairman 
 
 Liberty Loan Committee. 
 
 LIBERTY LOANS IN TOWNS OF ERIE COUNTY 
 
 The history of the men and women who went into the service of the United States during the 
 Great War, and of those who remained at home, is as honorable and distinguished in the towns 
 of Erie County as it is in the City of Buffalo. The young men responded to the call when it came 
 with the same degree of patriotism and earnestness as their city brothers. Young women dropped 
 their home ties and either went overseas with the Red Cross or Y. M. C. A. and other contingents, 
 or, if at home, carried on the war work that came up with a splendid spirit of cooperation. 
 
 Each town has a record of its own. Some lost many men in killed and wounded, some escaped 
 with hardly a man lost, some had men who went through nearly all the great battles in which 
 the Americans took part, and very few there were that did not have a number of men in one 
 or more battles. Citations were made and medals granted to the brave boys who performed 
 particularly heroic acts on the field of battle, and several Erie County men from the towns 
 held high rank in the forces of the A. E. F., as is instanced by the story of General Nolan before- 
 mentioned in this history, and who came from Akron, town of Newsted, New York. 
 
 Much of this is told in the general story of the war as set forth in these pages, but a few facts 
 that stand out are given here. 
 
 The town of Alden, though it had its full share of men in the service and was well represented 
 overseas, lost but one man killed. This was the same with the towns of Boston and Wales. The 
 towns of Brant, Clarence, Golden, Collins, Elma, Holland, Sardinia and West Seneca had two 
 killed each. East Hamburg lost foiir by death and in action, Eden and North Collins five each, 
 Amherst and Concord six, Cheektowaga nine, Newsted ten, Lancaster and Lackawanna City 
 twelve each, Hamburg fourteen and Tonawanda, including Kenmore and the Erie County 
 portion of the City of Tonawanda, twenty-six. 
 
478 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 The village of Williamsville in the town of Amherst had several men who saw much active 
 and interesting service. Captain William F. Schohl went away with the old 65th, afterward the 
 3rd Field Artillery and later the 106th Field Artillery. He had a very creditable share in the 
 achievements of that regiment, the history of which is told in these pages. His work was so 
 efficient that he came back an acting Major, and his career is one that does his town honor. 
 Dr. Harry B, Huver of Williamsville was another resident of that township that saw some 
 thrilling and unique work. He was the first medical man in Base Hospital No. 115. He opened 
 the hospital in the Ruhl Hotel at Vichy and was chief of the Maxillo facial service. He was 
 with the American Ambulance and Vanderbilt Hospital, which originally had 650 French patients 
 but was soon after evacuated and filled to overflowing with 1,600 American patients. At the 
 Vichy hospital he frequently worked from 4 o'clock in the morning to 10 at night because the 
 Boche bombed the hospital almost nightly for six weeks. 
 
 The town of Golden was honored in many ways, especially by a citation and award to 1st 
 Lieut. Warren Z. Dell. 
 
 The town of Collins was honored by the citation of Herbert W. Mackmer, who was killed in 
 action in the Argonne Forest Sept. 27, 1918. The official citation reads: 
 
 "Private Herbert W. Mackmer (deceased) Company A, 305 Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near 
 Carrefour de Meurrussons, France, September 27, 1918. When his platoon encountered intense fire from hostile 
 trench mortars and machine guns, Private Mackmer took up an exposed position on the flank and with his automatic 
 rifle covered the withdrawal of the platoon to a protected position, sacrificing his life in so doing." 
 
 The town of Hamburg was honored by having George A. Piatt, a Y. M. G. A. worker, cited 
 by two Major Generals for serving under fire on the Marne and in the Argonne with the Third 
 American Division. Mr. Piatt was included in the citation of the entire Third Division "Y" 
 unit made by Major General Dickman, and in a citation by Major General Howze his name 
 appears for bravery at the Marne. 
 
 "During the days begining July 14, 1918, when the enemy made their attack, the Y. M. C. A., through its faithful 
 members at their posts of duty, not only with chocolate and cakes and tobacco, cheered our soldiers, but were of 
 efficient assistance to our medical staff in caring for the wounded. Hot chocolate was served in many cases free, both 
 day and night to the wounded men and ambulance drivers," is the wording of the citation. 
 
 Mr. Piatt arrived in France May 17, 1918, and was sent to the front at his own request, 
 where he served until the Armistice was signed. He crossed the front with the Second Division. 
 
 Probably no man in Erie County saw more service or had more varied experience than Oral 
 F. Gaylord of North GolUns. He was drafted June 18, 1917, was attached to the 78th Division 
 in this country and was one of the twenty-eight men who volunteered to be transferred to the 
 Third Division which was going overseas immediately. That was in April, 1918. Gaylord saw 
 service at the Marne front, and later when his regiment, the 7th United States Infantry, was 
 assigned temporarily to the Second Division to reUeve the Marines at Belleau Wood, he took 
 part in that fight and there won a citation and medal of honor. 
 
 CITATIONS AND CERTIFICATES OF ORAL F. GAYLORD 
 
 Translation 
 General Headquarters of the 
 French Armies of the East, Staff Personal Bureau Order No. 12,161 "D" (Extract) 
 
 (Decorations) 
 With the approbation of the Chief Commander in Chief of the American Expeditionary Forces in France, the 
 Marshal of France, Commander in Chief of the French Armies of the East, Cites in the order of the regiment: 
 
 Private Oral F. Gaylord, 7 Regiment Infantry 
 "During the operation of the Marne July 15-29, 1918, he went behind a sector occupied by Company G and far 
 to the rear, in spite of a violent bombardment, in order to carry assistance to a wounded man." 
 At General Headquarters December 7, 1918 
 
 The Marshal of France 
 From Original Extract, Commander in Chief of the French Armies of the East. 
 
 The Lieutenant-Colonel, Chief of Personal Bureau. Petain. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 479 
 
 He was also cited by the Major General in command of his division and received the following 
 citation from General Pershing: 
 
 Private Oral F. Gaylord, Hospital Corps, Company E, 7th Infantry, for Distinguished and Exceptional Gal- 
 lantry at Bois de Belleau on 18 June 1918, in the operations of the American Expeditionary Forces, 
 In Testimony Thereof, and as an Expression of Appreciation of his Valor, I award him this Citation. 
 Awarded on 27th of March, 1919. 
 
 (Signed) John J. Pershing, 
 
 Commander in Chief. 
 
 The town of Tonawanda-Kenmore was honored in having Sergeant Gordon H. Moore cited for 
 courage and meritorious services at the Battle of the Le Selle River. The citation reads as follows: 
 
 "Special Orders Headquarters 27th Division 
 
 No. 49 American E. F., France 
 
 (Extract) February 16, 1919. 
 
 2. The following named soldiers are commended for meritorious services hereinafter mentioned: 
 
 Sergeant Gordon H. Moore, Company M. 108th Infantry. For courage and qualities of leadership displayed 
 when commanding a platoon of his company in the battle of the Le Selle River, October 17, 1918. 
 
 By Command of Major General O'Ryan: 
 Official W. S. Raymond, Colonel, G. S. 
 
 Tristram Tupper, Chief of Staff. 
 
 Adjutant General 
 Division Adjutant." 
 
 The Liberty Loan drives for Erie County outside of Buffalo were conducted separately and 
 apart from the Buffalo campaigns, although at the same time and under similar conditions. The 
 Government representative, Ray Morris of this Federal Reserve district, was lucky in securing 
 as Chairman for the towns outside of Buffalo, Otho Churchill of the Bank of Hamburg, Ham- 
 burg, N. Y. 
 
 The First and Second drives were conducted by each town on its own initiative and no records 
 were kept in most cases; but the Third, Fourth and Fifth drives were organized by Mr. Churchill. 
 Using the organizations in the several towns, and by correspondence, personal calls and the 
 telephone, he organized the twenty-five towns and two cities in a remarkably short time. That 
 this work was successful is demonstrated by the fact that in these drives virtually all the towns 
 of Erie County went over the top for increased percentages. 
 
 The record of the towns in these drives is as follows: 
 
 The town of Alden was under the Chairmanship of Frank L. Barnet and the following Chairmen of sub-committees 
 and workers: Otto H. Wende, Dr. B. K. Gipple, B. L. Bensley, Rev. W. H. Leach, E. W. Gilmore, A. E. Franz, 
 Dr. C. A. Tyler, R. L Dickinson, G. F. Ayers, E. R. Pauler; Woman's Committee, Mrs. J. P. Diehl, Miss Mabel E. 
 Durkee, Miss Florence Weisbeck, Mrs. Frank Schenk. 
 
 The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $46,800; subscription, $63,400; Fourth Loan, quota, 
 $79,000, subscription, $59,650; Fifth Loan, quota, $48,100, subscription, $60,000. 
 
 The town of Amherst was under the Chairmanship of George L. Helfter and the following sub-committee Chairmen 
 and workers: Benjamin Miller, Secretary, Publicity Committee, George J. Measer, with an executive committee of 
 R. G. Wright, L. L. Grove, Howard G. Britting, H. B. Long, L. P. Snyder, James Chalmers, E. B. Walker, William 
 Suor, Albert Meyer and H. H. Pratt. 
 
 The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $87,000, subscription, $172,500: Fourth Loan, quota, 
 $200,000, subscription, $238,450; Fifth Loan, quota, $150,000, subscription, $169,300. 
 
 The town of Aurora was under the Chairmanship of B. F.Webster, and the following sub-Chairman and workers; 
 Executive Committee, George E. Merrill and Richard S. Persons; Speakers, Wells W. Parker; Publicity, A. E. Ham- 
 mond; Statistical, Clarence W. Gail; Woman's, Mrs. A. E. Nield; Chairmen of Districts: No. 1, Alfred Brother- 
 hood; No. 2, Guernsey Camp; No. 3, Elbert Hubbard II; No. 4, Dr. E. W. Buffum; No. 5, Clarence Lamb; No. 6, 
 Myron A. Paul. The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $91,200, subscriptions, $183,000; Fourth 
 Loan, quota, $435,900, subscription, $439,900; Fifth Loan, quota, $278,000, subscription, $329,400. 
 
 The town of Boston was under the Chairmanship of Frank X. Weber with Jacob C. Brodbeck, Secretary and the 
 following sub-Chairmen and workers: Districts No. 1, P. H. Dye; No. 2, Howell Drake; No. 3, Walter Wolheuter; 
 No. 4, Fred Frank; No. 5, Charles Rice; No. 6, Edward Shero; No. 7, Theo. Ziecker, Charles Pfarner. The results 
 achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $30,000, subscription, $33,500; Fourth Loan, quota, $35,000, sub- 
 scription, $26,250; Fifth Loan, quota, $20,000 subscription, $20,300. 
 
480 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 i -HVCIOW^ 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 481 
 
 The town of Brant was under the Chairmanship of J. C. Schwert and the following sub-committees and workers: 
 Farnham Committee, John Carbeck, Dr. T. H. Johnson, Thomas J. Walker, E. J. Berns, A. F. Berns, I. M. Garrison, 
 James Pizzolanti; Woman's Committee, Miss Alice Winters, Miss Freda Grundkowska, Miss Hazeille Mix. Brant 
 Committee, Frank Lehley, Chairman; Jacob Buzenburg, Martin Kruhl, George Lehley, Rev. Father Sella, Sebastian 
 LaGrasso. Woman's Committee, Mabel Kirby, Chairman; Mrs. Frank Lehley, Miss Williams. 
 
 The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $50,000, subscription, $61,000; Fourth Loan, quota, 
 $60,000, subscription, $64,700; Fifth Loan, quota, $48,000, subscription, $25,000. 
 
 The town of Cheektowaga was under the Chairmanship of Edward S. Rapin for the Third Loan and A. C. Stock 
 for the Fourth and Fifth Loans, with the following sub-committees and workers: For Forks, N. Y., L. Hitchcock, 
 Frank Fisher, J. Pelloth, William W. Besser Jr., Emil Fernback, John P. Rupp, Herman Bloomquist, Fred Kiel, 
 Henry Beuttner. For Depew, John English and Lawrence TenEyck; for Station E. William P. Greiner, Edward 
 Rapin Jr. 
 
 The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $60,000, subscription, $70,000; Fourth Loan, quota, 
 $40,000, subscription, $247,000; Fifth Loan, quota, $32,000, subscription, $187,400. 
 
 The town of Clarence was under the Chairmanship of John R. Ebersole with the following Executive Committee: 
 C. Krehbiel, Fred Schadd, A. Zurbrick, Erwin Grove, Sherman Longnecker, Edward Weinange, Harry Judd, Olin 
 Trib, Charles Heist, Prof. F. Weeks, Oliver Lieb; Woman's Committee, Mrs. A. C. Weinsange, Mrs. Mary E. Parker, 
 Mrs. J. K. Lapp, Mrs. C. H. Tracy, Miss Ella Youngs, Miss Irene Larkin, Miss Florence Lout, Miss Florence Schoen- 
 thaler. 
 
 The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $25,000, subscription, $17,000; Fourth Loan (figures 
 from the Chairman of County), quota, $90,000, subscription, $30,000; Fifth Loan (same figures), quota, $25,000, 
 subscription, $36,500. 
 
 CLARENCE CENTER LIBERTY LOAN WORKERS 
 
 Women's Committee — Mrs. E. W. Eshelman, Chairman; Mrs. J. W. Schettler, Mrs. O. A. Martin, Mrs. Aaron 
 Weidman, Mrs. Kate Schaad, Mrs. M. Daniels, Mrs. Philip Pautler, Mrs. Wm. BoUman, Mrs. Henry Secrist, Mrs. 
 Geo. Muegel, Dr. Harrington, Miss Ida Blocher, Miss F. Luella Krehbiel, Miss Luella Eshelman, Miss Helen 
 Meisner, Miss Ellen Wendler. 
 
 Men's Committee — Karl Krehbiel, Chairman; Fred Schaad, A. Zurbrick, Dr. Harrington, Philip Pautler, H. 
 Daniels, H. Secrist, Wm. Bollman, Bert Kanhels. 
 
 The town of Colden was under the Chairmanship of George W. French, with the following Chairmen of sub-com- 
 mittees and workers: 0. J. Colburn, H. N. Partridge, Lee Sullivan, Fred Sweetapple, William Brink, Allen Materson, 
 and Harlow Shelly; Woman's Committee, Mrs. George W. French, Chairman; Mrs. 0. J. Colburn, Mrs. H. N. 
 Partridge, Mrs. James Banker, Mrs. Lee Fuller, Mrs. Sweetapple, Mrs. John Sullivan, Mrs. Chadwick. 
 
 The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $14,000, subscription, $18,000; Fourth Loan, quota, 
 $30,000, subscription, $14,550; Fifth Loan, quota, $12,000, subscription, $16,100. 
 
 The town of Collins was under the Chairmanship of Ward J. Wilbur with the following Chairmen of sub-committees 
 and workers; Ward T. Tarbox, Lito W. Law, H. A. Reynolds, Dr. C. A. Potter. Chairman Woman's Committee, 
 Mrs. Ward J.Wilbur, Mrs. Sumner W.Werner Vice-Chairman; Mrs. Emily P. Lincoln, Chairman Indian School District 
 Mrs. C. A. Potter, Chairman Gowanda State Hospital District; Mrs. Mary E. Etsler, Chairman Collins District. 
 
 The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $40,000; Fourth Loan, quota, $85,000, subscription, 
 $109,500; Fifth Loan, quota, $68,000, subscription, $100,400. 
 
 The town of Concord was under the Chairmanship of E. N. Bull for the Third and Fourth Loans and E. A. Scott 
 for the Fifth Loan, with the following Chairmen of sub-committees and workers; B. E. Austin, Manager for Spring- 
 ville; Prof. B. D. McCormick, Farm Team Supervisor; Ellis Brown, Publicity; William E. Bensley, Speakers 
 Bureau; A. J. Fitzpatrick, James H. Gray, Harry S. Gray, Dr. R. B. Waite, F. O. Smith, Ira H. Vail, Stanley D. 
 Smith, Warren D. White, Dr. M. N. Brooks, Wilson Bennett, Lloyd Ware, Allen Smith, Wendell C. Morton, Elwin 
 C. Vance, Glenn S. Warner, Glenn Woodward. 
 
 The result achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $80,000, subscription, $140,000; Fourth Loan, quota, 
 $228,600; subscription, $229,700; Fifth Loan, quota, $164,700, subscription, $164,700. 
 
 The town of East Hamburg was under the Chairmanship of George L. Colby with the following Chairmen of 
 sub-committees and workers: District Captains, Lewis E. Willett, Frank F. Holmwood, George S. Wasson, Nelson 
 C. Spencer; Secretary, Miss Mary E. Wertman; Committee, Harold E. Brookins, Thomas E. Morgan, George Bieler, 
 Floyd E. Brown, John Bieler, William G. Arthur, John Preston Jr., Henry J. Warning, D. S. George, Clarence Sweet, 
 Walter Feasley, Ira Crooker, Dr. W. B. Jolls, William F. Kiechgessner, Mason H. Holmwood, Charles Brown, 
 Elisha Freeman, Theodore Gerken, George Schichtel, Anthony Benzinger, Frank Benning, D. K. Harrington, 
 A. C. Dudley, H. B. Loveland, F. E. Murphy Jr., Will E. Coon, J. C. Newton, Julius Seufert, J. D. Bachman, 
 M. Smith, A. L. Briggs, George A. Hoag, W. C. Tripp, Rev. A. J. Black, Rev. Frank Marchant, Rev. 
 George T. Spetz, Clarence Coughill, Charles W. Kemp, George Schumaker, L. C. Cook, Stuart McConnell. 
 
 The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $51,000, subscription, $51,000; Fourth Loan, quota, 
 $44,500, subscription, $85,800; Fifth Loan, quota, $49,400, subscription, $64,400. 
 
 The town of Eden was under the Chairmanship of James C. Lees, and Walter A. Clark with Mrs. George C. Bartoo 
 
482 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 as Chairman of the Woman's Committee and the following Working Committee: Mrs. F. M. Webster, Mrs. J. J. 
 Grossjean, Mrs. David Baldauf, Mrs. Edna De Bhur, Clarence Henry, Harold Clark, Alfred Bruschaber, William Foot, 
 George Machmer, Harold Richardson, Rev. O'Dwyer, Charles Cahoon, Herman Wightman and the Rev. Mr. Rung. 
 
 The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan quota, $43,000, subscription, $46,750; Fourth Loan, quota, 
 $90,000, subscription, $65,250; Fifth Loan, quota, $50,000, subscription, $51,300. 
 
 The town of Elma was under the Chairmanship of Benjamin J. Eldridge, with William Foster Vice-Chairman and 
 the following Working Committee: Harrison A.Hall, A. J. Badger, E. Bluck, D. .J. Tillou, Myron A. Clark, Rev. 
 E.E.Blunck, Joseph J. Jerge, Cornelius Conley, Frank Kester, Mark Phillips, Joseph Grace, Howard Grace, Cortland 
 Woodward, Thomas Hurd, Rev. H. A. Reed, Richard Eastland, Frank Templeton, Cornelius Eiss, Rev. Father 
 Smith; Woman's Committee, Mrs. Frank A. Hatch, Chairman; Mrs. G. Cotton, Miss Leona Hall, Mrs. K. A. M. 
 Simmons, Mrs. Henry Marks, Miss Edna Gold, Mrs. J. D. Tillou, Mrs. B. H. Hurd, Mrs. W. Smith, Mrs. F. Tem- 
 pleton, Committee; Mrs. Frank Kester, Miss Myrtle Allen, Miss Priscilla Gleed, Mrs. Howard Grace, Mrs. Joseph 
 Grace, Mrs. Cortland Woodward, Miss Mary Tillou, Mrs. J. Reuther, Miss Ella Smith, Miss Jennie Foster. 
 
 The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $36,000, subscription, $40,500; Fourth Loan, quota, 
 $72,000, subscription, $72,600; Fifth Loan, quota, $50,000, subscription, $50,200. 
 
 The town of Evans was under the Chairmanship of Julius M. Schwert and the following sub-committees and 
 workers: Third Loan, Men's Committee, Rev. J. P. Keavin, George L. Peck, W. B. Sweet, W. G. Schack, E. A. 
 Lemmler, W. M. Landon, John L. Wolfrom, all of Angola; E. L. Benjamin Derby, Rev. Robert G. Letch, Jerusalem 
 Corners; R. B. Foote Jr., Frank Frost and W. F. Waltz, North Evans; Alfred Morrison, James Harris and George 
 Congdon, Pontiac; and Rev. Robert Walker, Evans Center; Woman's Committee, Mrs. W. M. Landon, Chairman; 
 Mrs. L. L. Brown, Mrs. Irene Gritman, Mrs. Albert Clow, Mrs. Roscoe Mclntyre, Mrs. Harmon S. Landon, Mrs. 
 John L. Wolfrom, Mrs. Ellen Parker, Miss Annabel Bundy, Mrs. John Harrison, Mrs. William Faran, Mrs. F. E. 
 Bundy of Angola; Miss Addie Ames, representing Ladies' Missionary Society; Mrs. G. L. Peck, Order of Eastern 
 Star; Mrs. S. E. Ball, G. A. R. Circle; Mrs. Charles Morley, Episcopal Church; Mrs. George Cook, the Austin 
 Association; Mrs. William Annis, Rebekah Lodge; Mrs. Walter Ingersoll, The Grange; Mrs. Earl Benjamin, 
 Derby; Mrs. Robert Letch, Jerusalem Corners; Mrs. Alfred A. Morrison, Pontiac; Mrs. Charles Davis, Evans Center. 
 In the Fourth Loan the names of Stuart R. Mann, W. M. Bloxham and G. R. Dingman were added for the 1st Election 
 District; G. F. Ingersoll, John C. Glas, A. W. Candee, Dr. F. E. Harper, A. B. Seeley, J. L. McCrudden, Leonard 
 Walters, C. G. Widmer, William Stevenson Jr., and William Hurley for the 2d Election District; and Dr. B. E. 
 Smith, James Harris, Samuel E. Lyth, Fred Lograsse and G. B. Seeley for the 3rd Election District; and Mrs. Philip 
 Froehley, Mrs. Charles Morris, Mrs. Charles Froehley, Mrs. Nettie Lewis, Miss Fannie Blackney, for Angola; Mrs. 
 Stuart Mann, Derby; Mrs. Richard Frost, North Evans; Miss Maud Harris, Pontiac and Miss Grace Millsom, 
 Evans Center; Mrs. E. L. Benjamin of Derby and Mrs. Alfred Morrison of Pontiac were added for the Fifth Loan. 
 
 The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $65,000, subscription, $81,150; Fourth Loan, quota, 
 67,900, subscription, $85,000; Fifth Loan, quota, $55,900, subscription, $73,700. 
 
 The town of Grand Island was under the Chairmanship of George Alt with Charles W. Kress as Treasurer and 
 Mrs. Charles W. Kress as Chairman of the Woman's Committee with the following working committee: Ethel 
 Long, Alvin Long, Frank Schutt, Lulu Bontrum, Kent Forsyth, Mrs. Gordon Stoddart, John Dilliot, Mabel De 
 Glopper, John Schutt, Edmund Staley and George Bell. 
 
 The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $15,800, subscription, $22,650; Fourth Loan, quota, 
 $31,600, subscription, $34,100; Fifth Loan, quota, $25,000, subscription, $27,050. 
 
 The town of Hamburg was under the Chairmanship of Horace F. Hunt for the Third Loan, George B. Abbott 
 for the Fourth Loan and D. M. Goodyear for the Fifth Loan, with the following Chairmen of sub-committees and 
 working committees. 
 
 THIRD LIBERTY LOAN COMMITTEE 
 Town of Hamburg 
 
 Horace F. Hunt, Chairman; George L. Pomeroy, Secretary. 
 
 Hamburg Committee — Henry R. Stratemeier, John W. Salisbury, George A. Freiburger, Reuben F. Knoche, 
 William Kronenberg, Lawrence H. Bley. 
 
 Armor Committee — George A. Freiburger, Jerome Pierce, Frank P. Titus, Harry Smith, W. H. Abbott. 
 
 Big Tree Committee — Fred C. Burgwardt, George Haen, John Kleis, Frank Kleis, Lawrence Saunders, Pliny B. 
 McNaughton. 
 
 Blasdell Committee — Forrest F. Glezen, J. F. Jewart, Thomas F. Colley, George M. Foose, George Pray, Karl 
 Trevitt, Warren F. Salisbury, Dr. G. D. Lester. 
 
 Lake View Committee — L. J. Nichols, Frank L. Trinder, David Hauber, Frank Rosenberg, John Murjahn, George 
 Spittler, Glenn L. O'Dell, Everett Potter. 
 
 Scranton Committee — W. D. Allen, George Robinson, Roy Clark, Albert Baker. 
 
 Wanakah Committee — John T. Roberts, Charles Mulholland, George E. Wills, Atwell Saunders, Frank Horn, 
 Charles Meyer. 
 
 Water Valley Committee — Eugene Hoffler, Bertus N. Hines, Charles W. Fahr, Chas. H. Haushalter. 
 
 Woodlawn Committee— U. F. Cheney, Ivan Knowlton, W. Corey, W. H. S. Otto, A. Stadlmeir, W. R. Jenney. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 483 
 
 Members of Wartime Committees — Town of Hamburg 
 
 Boston Road Committee — J. H. Hutchinson, George Gebhardt, Henry Geuting. 
 
 Cooper Ridge Committee — Clarence Piatt, John Brodbeck, Henry Moddick. 
 
 Creek Road Committee — Frank Schummer, George Schmidt. 
 
 Taylor Road Committee — W. E. Hastings, Peter Blessing. 
 
 Advertising Committee — George B. Abbott, George J. Kloepfer, William M. Seeger. 
 
 Women's Committee — Mrs. William J. Shoemaker, Chairman; Mrs. Edward M. Adams, Secretary; Mrs. Willard 
 J. Frisbee, Mrs. Bertram Hines, Mrs. Frederick J. Rushman, Mrs. G. A. Hancock, Mrs. Edward Stuart, Mrs. Jacob 
 Doetch, Mrs. Stephen C. Babcock, Mrs. J. W. Woodruff, Mrs. D. C. Pierce, Mrs. Charles Smith, Mrs. Amos J. 
 Minkel, Mrs. Charles Perrin, Mrs. William J. Hastings, Mrs. L J. Mesner, Mrs. Albert Johnson, Mrs. Frank J. Metz, 
 Mrs. William Yochum, Mrs. Albert Dodge, Mrs. Percy K. Withey, Mrs. Edward Laub, Miss Irene Freiburger. 
 
 The Fourth Liberty Loan Committee was under the Chairmanship of George B. Abbott, with Reuben F. Knoche 
 Vice-Chairman and Henry Stratemeier, Secretary. There were added to the several committees the following persons: 
 Hamburg, G. L. Pomeroy, M. R. Welch, W. M. Seeger, W. H. Knapp, A. L. Johnson, L. H. Bley, E. D. 
 Hofeller, F. C. Bonnett, J. F. Schummer, C. N. Perrin, D. M. Goodyear, F. R. Park, Ralph McCarty, Ralph 
 Curry, Frederic Eaton; Armor, H. F. Pellman, William Hines; Big Tree, Fred Wulf and Frank Kleis; Blasdell, 
 Thomas R. Colley, Chairman, F. F. Glazen, Charles C. Mundt, Henry Funk; Glenn O'Dell, Chairman, W. C. Meyn, 
 W. B. Street, Frank Stadler, Frank Hammond, H. F. O'Dell; Wanakah, George Loesch, Chairman, Jacob Brost, 
 Bert Habershon; Water Valley, William Minekime; Woodlawn, F. F. Cheney, John Nelson; Creek Road, Jacob 
 Klispie, G. F. Heltz; Woman's Committee, additions Mrs. E. M. Adams, Mrs. G. W. Morey, Mrs. W. C. Held, 
 Mrs. F. Eastman, Mrs. C. Shaw, Mrs. H. A. Titus, Mrs. W. J. Frisbee, Mrs. H. A. Sheldon, Mrs. William Perrin, 
 Miss Jennie Kruse, Miss Ruth Talamo, Miss Irma Schoepfiin, Miss Alice Pierce, Miss Lavinia McGee. 
 
 The Fifth Loan Committee was under the Chairmanship of D. M. Goodyear, with C.N. Perrin, Secretary, H. R. 
 Stratemeier and W. M. Seeger, Assistant Secretaries. There were added to the several committees in this Loan the fol- 
 lowing: Hamburg, H. V. Sipprell, Byron H. Heath, A. C. Parks, Otha Churchill, W. S. Mason; Armor, Herman 
 Timms, F. L. Potter; Blasdell, John D. Luther, Chairman, Charles C. Mundt, Henry Funk; Woman's Committee, 
 Mrs. M. O. Salisbury, Mrs. Homer Myers, Mrs. Carl Warning, Mrs. Reginald Partridge, Mrs. Robert Young, Mrs. W. F. 
 Salisbury, Mrs. Carl Trevett, Mrs. Samuel Piper; Water Valley, Peter Frank, Patrick Robinson; Woodlawn. F. F. 
 Cheney; Woman's Committee, Mrs. Ivan Knowlton, Mrs. F. F. Cheney, Mrs. Ella Fisher, Mrs. Albert Stadelmeier, 
 Mrs. W. H. S. Otto, Mrs. A. Parker, Mrs. H. F. Cheney; Taylor Road, George Warren, Chairman, W. E. Taylor, 
 Oscar Smith; Wanakah and Athol Springs, Charles Guenther; Camp Road, James McCloskey, John Dennies, Peter 
 Voix; Clark Street and Sauer Road, W. R. McConnell, Thomas Kleis, Robert Grindell; W^oman's Committee addi- 
 tions: Mrs. D. M. Goodyear, Mrs. R. A. Stuart, Mrs. N. G. Clarke, Mrs. B. S. Bournem, Mrs. C. Bartholomew, 
 Mrs. G. H. Maxwell, Mrs. P. K. Withey, Mrs. William McConnell, Mrs. William E. Taylor, Mrs. M. V. Burke. 
 There were also in the Fifth Loan the following sub-committees: Publicity, G. B. Abbott, Chairman, Lawrence 
 Bley, Henry V. Sipprell, P. J. H. Hauck; Subscriptions, $5,000 and upwards, F. C. Bommett, Chairman, Frederic 
 Eaton, E. D. Hofeller, Horace F. Hunt, H. R. Stratemeier, G. W. Bartlett; $1,000 and upwards, Charles Smith, 
 Chairman, R. W. Hengerer, Colon Dudley, Albert Knack, Ralph McCarthy, G. F. Learn, C. E. Eno, A. C. Corah, 
 F. F. Schummer; Organizations, D. M. Goodyear and Mrs. W. J. Shoemaker; Commuters, George H. Starkweather, 
 Chairman, Everett Hunt; Vice-Chairman, H. R. Bridgman, W. C. Mason, G. F. Evans, R. Foster Piper, W. R. 
 Evans, G. L. Pomeroy, B. H. Heath; Voluntary Subscription Day, Hamburg, R. F. Knoche, W. S. Mason, Lawrence 
 Bley, H. V. Sipprell, Mrs. W. J. Shoemaker; Blasdell, John D. Luther, Mrs. M. O. Salisbury; Woodlawn, Ivan 
 Knowlton, Mrs. Ivan Knowlton; Plants, Ralph Curry, Chairman, Ralph McCarthy, Charles Curry, Charles C. 
 Mundt, C. R. Fletcher, W. J. Bull. 
 
 The result achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $120,000, subscription, $348,500. This was reported to 
 be the largest per capita subscription in the State. Fourth Loan, quota, $348,300, subscription, $505,500; Fifth 
 Loan, quota, $186,200, subscription, $295,750. 
 
484 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 The town of Holland was under the Chairmanship of Paul J. Wurst for the Third and Fourth Loans and L. T. 
 Button for the Fifth Loan, with the following Chairmen of sub-committees and workers: Vice-Chairman, Earl J. 
 Bangert; Secretary, Mrs. Z. V. Jackson, Chairman Woman's Committee, Third Loan and Mrs. Fred Sergei of Fourth 
 Loan, and Mrs. D. J. Crowley for the Fifth Loan; R. J. Watson, F. W. Thornton, F. H. Elsworth, L. Zwingelstein, 
 Charles Wagner, William Wagner, E. F. Reed, William J. Schwab, Cort Kremer, William N. Sherder and the following 
 District Captains, Emil Sturm, E. P. Cooper, Hume Colby, W. J. Barron, Charles Holoman, Eugene Butzer, Thomas 
 Conley, Charles Hamister, Frank Major. 
 
 The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $35,000, subscription, $50,000; Fourth Loan, quota, 
 $80,300, subscription, $83,300; Fifth Loan, quota, $54,200, subscription, $64,200. 
 
 The city of Lackawanna had as Chairman, Christopher G. Boland, with Edward G. Flanagan, Vice-Chairman; 
 Frank J. Twist, Secretary; Richard E. Walburgh, Assistant Secretary; Harry J. Moll, Treasurer; William T. Aldrich 
 Assistant Treasurer; Executive Committee, Harry J. Kelley, Hon. John A. Toomey, Paul Negedus, Ray R. Gilson, 
 Michael Mescall, John J. Sullivan, Coleman J. Ehrman and William Morrisey; Members of the Working Committee 
 were, Rt. Rev. Nelson H. Baker, Peter O'Rourke, John Cswaykus, George Joseph, Dr. E. M. Tracy, Sam Ruttin- 
 stein, William Scahill, Tony Baricevic, Frank J. Lehr, Martin T. Ryan, Edward A. Gunn, Hon. Robert H. Reed, 
 Michael M. O'Mara, William Stankowski, Adolph Rosinski, Clinton C. Pecu, Richard Hyland, Charles F. Stengel, 
 Thomas Foley, Patrick McCann, H. J. Ehrmann, James J. Redmond, Dr. Max L. Maxwell, Hon. Frank D. Caldwell, 
 Martin Doherty, Robert J. Carroll, John H. Crosta, Prof. Wm. J. Breen, Dr. Alois Jokl, Henry Twist, Rev. M. C. A. 
 Kinsale, Chas. W. Ellis, L. M. Buffum, Hon. John J. Monaghan, John W. O'Connor, Rev. G. T. Wright, Rev. Herman 
 J. Gerlach, Martin L Delaney, Edward Malone, Paul J. Tomaka, Joseph T. Jewett, Timothy Lavelle, Harry M. 
 Winkelman, Bernard McDonnell, Fred Strack Jr.; John A. Cawley, Michael McLane, Dr. Ira P. Trevett, Onufry 
 Mees, Leonard Kowalski, James L. Shea, Cornelius Downey, John Tomaka, Thomas Daley, Joseph McGovern, 
 John J. Kramer, Nick Sibincic, Jovo Milic, Rudolph Zahorsky, Joseph J. Spara, Max Lohr, Henry J. Joyant, M. K. 
 Stawsky, Frank Ryszka, Fred Hoepfinger, Chas. Trow, Grgur Mekic, Mihail Kukoleca, Edgar Fennie, Rev. F. 
 Widman, W. H. Whealen, Joseph J. Neeb, George A. Buck, John A. Gerstung, Frank Morinello, F. W. Houck, Martin 
 Soda, Chas. D. Curtin, D. P. Kane, Fred Nelson, James McCabe, Vincent A. Cantwell. Chairman Woman's Com- 
 mittee, Mrs. Clara E. Crosta; Vice-Chairman, Mrs. Clara H. Whealen. Members, Mrs. Mabel B. Reed, Mrs. E. A. 
 Dean, Miss Alice P. Vansten, Mrs. August Twist, Mrs. Katherine O'Rourke, Mrs. E. C. Flanagan, Miss Katherine 
 Redmond, Miss Ethel J. Twist, Mrs. Coleman J. Ehrmann, Mrs. Wm. Errington, Miss Mary McCabe, Mrs. Patrick 
 Green, Miss Mary Young, Miss Jane Connelly, Miss Margaret Twist, Miss Catherine Bonner, Mrs. Lillian Couhig, 
 Miss Mary O'Rourke, Miss Ella Messenger, Miss Estelle Stawsky, Mrs. Harry J. Kelley, Mrs. P. Mungovan, Mrs. 
 G. Taylor Wright, Mrs. Mary A. Carroll, Mrs. D. P. Kane, Mrs. Thos. McDonald, Mrs. Geo. Lewis, Mrs. Daniel 
 Skudwick, Miss Katherine Burke, Mrs. Martin Doherty, Miss Mary C. Ryan, Mrs. W. H. Whealen, Mrs. Wm. 
 Gilman, Mrs. Gertrude Wichinhiser, Mrs. Wm. Kirsh, Mrs. Henry J. Joynt, Mrs. John Kirby, Mrs. Edw. Schwart- 
 zott, Mrs. D. M. Daley, Mrs. A. J. Schodle, Miss Sylvia Ruttenstein, Mrs. H. J. Ehrmann, Miss Ella E. Kambat, 
 Mrs. H. McConnell, Miss Kathryn Brown, Miss Anna Fisher, Miss Mary MacGilivary, Mrs. W. H. Sheffer, Mrs. 
 Joseph Waldraff, Mrs. Augusta Wasson, Miss Kathleen McCann, Miss Loretta Mescall, Miss Florence Flanagan, 
 Mrs. Asa L. Reed, Miss Helen C. Boland, Mrs. Thomas Murphy. 
 
 The town of Lancaster was under the Chairmanship of J. O. Garretsee, with the following sub-committees and 
 workers: Executive Committee, J. O. Garretsee, Chairman; H. B. Van Peyma, Vice-Chairman; Frank C. Johnson, 
 Clarence K. Porter, B. D. Jackson, William F. Dougherty, and Edward C. Grassell, Secretary; General Committee 
 Third Loan, Simon Adolf, Fred C. Brost, Emil Birghardt, John Bollender, Myron F. Blackmon, Albert Bissell, 
 Frank S. Gushing, Seamon Church, Emil Cerullo, Charles P. Cullen, George A. Davis, Rev. Charles E. Duffy, Philip 
 J. Fink, Charles R. Huntley, Henry R. Hoffeld, Joseph Hilbert, William Idsardi, Mary F. Jackson, Frank Leven- 
 dowski, Albert Loesch, John G. Miller, Howard Meyers, Ralph Maute, Elmer J. Nash, E. B. Rowley, G. E. Rekate, 
 William F. Scherer, John Soeman, Walter F. Schultz, D. R. Stratton, Henry Suchow, Christ L. Suess, John L. Staeber, 
 Joseph F. Schaefer, John P. Tafe, Joseph Voegele, C. G. Weiss, George J. Wendel, W. H. Whitford, George Willyoung, 
 J. C. Weil, J. H. Zuidema, P. J. Zeilman; Fourth Loan, same committee, with Clarence K.Porter, Vice-Chairman, in- 
 stead of H. B. Van Peyma; Fifth Loan, J. 0. Garretsee, Chairman; C. K. Porter, Vice-Chairman, Miss Ida E. Schwartz, 
 Chairman of Woman's Committee, E. C. Grassell, Secretary; Lancaster: Charles Umpleby, J. P. Taffe, Guy E. 
 Bradley, B. D. Jackson, Frank Maksymik, Mrs. David Perry, Mrs. C. E. Mayback, Albert Longmate, R. G. Heim, 
 Frank H. Maute, Mrs. A. Brimmer, George J. Wendel, H. B. Van Peyma, J. V. Fitzgerald, Clarence E. Gray, Albert 
 Loesch, J. P. Bolenber, H. J. Koch, C. F. King, J. C. Weil, Mrs. C. P. Cullen, Mrs. C. J. Miller, WiUiam Stahl, J. 
 M. Schwartz, Sam Young, J. L. Staeber, R. B. Albert, J. F. Schaefer, B. H. Eden, J. F. Patterson, Charles F. Brost, F. W. 
 Urquh art. Dr. Suess, Dr. Ewell, Dr. Miller, Dr. Stratton, Dr. Mackey, Julius Israel, P. J. Zuilman, H. J. Zuideman, 
 Miss Ida Wenz, Mrs. H. J. Shepherd, Miss Nora Kennecutt, G. A. Davis, Edward Uebelhoer, Mrs. J. F. Adolf, Michael 
 Conners, Fred Gill, S. P. Adolf, W. F. Bousche. Depew Committee, Alexander Utecht, Vice-Chairman, Rev. P. M. Tymek, 
 Rev. C. E. Duffy, Rev.B. Bondkowski, Vincent Goinski, C. Dwoezanowski, S. Sobocinski, Joseph Ren, Frank Zgoda, 
 Mike Potoczak, W. Witkowski, S. Lynick, Walter Schultz, Guy E. Wheeler, Harry Seeberg, E. J. Nash, J. J. Ohart, 
 M. K. Dobbins, Fred Pettys, R. J. Hutchinson, Stephen D. Siegart, Chauncey Sharpe, Alexander Boross, Emil Curello, 
 C. C. Weiss, John P. Shepherd, Philip Mahl, J. D. Higgins, Gustav Gramlich, C. A. Finnegan, J. C. Carlson, Grant 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 485 
 
 Watson, John B. Faisant, H. F. Heyznn, Edward Hulpiau, Vincent Kuczynski, Joseph Mialjowski, Cornelius Gibbs. 
 
 The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $260,000, subscription, $500,000; Fourth Loan, quota, 
 $349,700, subscription, $1,200,000; Fifth Loan, quota, $350,000, subscription, $402,350. 
 
 The town of Marilla had as Chairman C. F. Brown, Secretary, L. H. Monchow, and the following committee and 
 workers: F. L. Dirstine, E. J. Stehle, CHflord Veeder, H. W. Larkin, J. H. Pratt, C. C. Adams, B. L. Tomlinson, 
 Howard Eldridge, Charles Bloods, Frank Green, Arthur Tomlinson, Howard Adams; Woman's Committee, Kate 
 E. Brown, Chairman, Ruth G. Millett, Julia Webster, Irene Eldridge, Iva Boldt, Pearl Clarke, Clara Dirstine, 
 Francis L. Young, Elizabeth Dunbar. 
 
 The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $20,000, subscription, $32,500; Fourth Loan, quota, 
 $40,000, subscription, $24,900; Fifth Loan, quota, $23,000, subscription, $30,900. 
 
 The town of Newsted had as Chairman E. R. Ford, with the following workers and sub-committees: I. D. Eckerson, 
 J. E. Paxon, F. M. Stage, G. A. Funke, Charles Spengler, F. A. Helwig, 0. E. White, R. E. Robinson, S. E. Sill, 
 
 E. E. Shields, J. H. Price, V. H. Boyd, M. A. Matteson, E. P. Forestel, William Hunt, E. C. Blackburn, Harry Rich- 
 ards, J. L. Faylor, Edward J. Clark, Charles Spies, A. P. Anderson, J. G. Harrington, R. S. Mills; Woman's Committee, 
 Mrs. E. P. Forestel, Chairman, Mrs. R. S. Mills, Miss G. A. Leopold, Mrs. F. A. Helwig, Mrs. R. E. Robinson, Miss 
 Ada Robinson, Mrs. V. E. Boyd, Mrs. L. C. Jones, Miss Ruth Wilder, Mrs. M. A. Murphy, Mrs. D. J. Coughlin, 
 Mrs. D. F. Bates, Mrs. A. J. Foster, Mrs. E. E. Shields, Miss Ethel Paxon, Miss May Wright. 
 
 The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $108,000, subscription, $113,650; Fourth Loan, quota, 
 $131,000, subscription, $88,000; Fifth Loan, quota, $89,300, subscription, $91,350. 
 
 The town of North Collins had as Chairman of the Third and Fourth Loans, Howard W. Butler; Fifth Loan, 
 George S. Pickens, with the following Chairmen and working committees: Charles A. Twitchell, C. B. Horton, Edward 
 M. Ruhling, William Spry, George S. Pickens, George H. Smith, Frank L. Thiel Sr.; Frank L. Thiel Jr.; Hoyt R. 
 Hibbard, Joseph Thiel, George H. Burgott, C. D. Tice, Clarence Pickens, Jesse G. Pratt, Frank Avery, Clarence J. 
 Herman, George A. Smith, John Miller, John A. Vance, William Geiger, Orson H. Wightman, Milton Gieger, Peter 
 Herze, Nicholas Winter, George Kohn, John Weber, Peter Scheetz, John Scheetz, Jr.; William Schunk, Stephen 
 W. Smith; Woman's Committee, Chairman, Third and Fourth Loans, Mrs. Grace L. Parker; Chairman, Fifth 
 Loan, Miss Edna Franklin; Workers in the three Loans, Mrs. Hoyt Hibbard, Mrs. Howard Hibbard, Mrs. Grace 
 L. Parker, Mrs. Nora Jehngen, Miss Emma Wilson, Mrs. Lee Beebe, Mrs. Clayton Graham, Mrs. George Pickens, 
 Mrs. John McMahon, Miss Irene Ashby, Miss Vera Bluntz, Miss Nina Jennings, Miss Josephine Lindow, Miss Lilian 
 Diadoto, Miss Genevive Roher, Miss Mabel Avery, Miss Ethel Warner, Miss Cornelia Thill, Miss Mary Cope, 
 Mrs. Hotchkiss, Miss Carrie Ward, Miss Helen Ueblacher, Miss Grace Blasdell. 
 
 The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $51,000, subscription, $55,400; Fourth Loan, quota, 
 $117,900, subscription, $77,300; Fifth Loan, quota, $75,400, subscription, $39,950. 
 
 The town of Sardinia was under the Chairmanship of Ralph M. Howell for the Third Loan, and H. E. Pomeroy 
 for the Fourth and Fifth Loans, with the following working committees who were in the several Loans: George M. 
 Furman, Robert E. Fisher, Elbert A. Baker, James Wheelock, Albert J. Zimmer, Charles M. Rider, Milford Fisher, 
 Burt Briggs, Earl Beasor, Eugene Van Slyke, Andrew Hay, George J. Dinse, Rev. Charles H. Oliver, Chester H. 
 Woolley, J. Gilbert Allen, William Franz, Frank E. Warner, Edward T. Miller, Thero Frost, George W. Cook, Burt 
 Armading, John S. Shedd, Roy G. Rogers, H. Ray Briggs, Robert B. Fisher. 
 
 The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $20,000, subscription, $42,500; Fourth Loan, quota, 
 $40,000, subscription, $45,900; Fifth Loan, quota, $30,000, subscription, $30,300. 
 
 The town of Tonawanda-Kenmore was under the Chairmanship of Matthew D. Young, C. C. Miller, Secretary, 
 Mrs. C. L. Titus, Chairman Woman's Committee, with the following working committee: A. R. Atkinson, A. L. 
 Brainard, A. M. Carnes, F. H. Carlin, J. M. Champion, Rev. Edward Cosbey, Prof. F. C. Densberger, T. W. Dickson, 
 W. J. Donnelly, Dr. C. C. Morehouse, Roy E. Perrigo, Rev. H. A. Reed. Rev. Hyatt Smith, Rev. Dr. A. Scheidel, 
 Rev. A. R. Spencer, G. C. Steinaker, C. L. Titus, F. J. Wheeler, W. H. Zimmerman. 
 
 The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $50,000, subscription, $58,150; Fourth Loan, quota, 
 $84,200, subscription, $140,450; Fifth Loan, quota, $50,000, subscription, $65,000. 
 
 The city of Tonawanda was under the Chairmanship of H. P. Smith and Farney Wurlitzer, Campaign Manager. 
 This city is part in the county of Erie and part in the county of Niagara. The Executive Committee was F. L. Alliger, 
 R. H. Bennett, Dr. W. W. Britt, L. S. DeGraff, Fred Engelking, N. D. Fish, C. J. Iten, R. F. Jackson, Jacob G. Joseph, 
 
 F. C. Koehn, H. J. McAvoy, George A. Mitchell, Louis Newman, Porter Norton, F. C. Paschen Jr., W. B. Pierce, Peter 
 A. Porter Jr., B. L. Rand, Frederick Robertson, George J. Smith, Mrs. E. 0. Spillman, W. H. Stradella, T. J. Wilson. 
 
 The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $223,600, subscription, $570,000; Fourth Loan, quota, 
 $1,011,400, subscription, $1,017,700; Fifth Loan, quota, $505,000, subscription, $708,100. 
 
 The town of Wales was under the Chairmanship of Dr. J. D. W^ooster, with the following Chairmen of sub-commit- 
 tees and workers: Fred Kratt, H. R. Sergei, George S. Zee, L. S. Hudson, Sheriden A. Moore, Manley S. Barber, 
 Frank Torge, William J. J. Hilditch, John J. Keem, C. C. Rieter, W. A. Kelver, George J. Kelver, William Foss, 
 E. W. Looser, Clarence E. Dimon, Wilmot L. Cornell, Bruno Cefali. 
 
 The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $19,000, subscription, $31,600; Fourth Loan, quota, 
 $40,000, subscription, $55,200; Fifth Loan, quota, $30,000, subscription, $37,150. 
 
486 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Trades Ad\isory Headquarters 
 
 The town of West Seneca was under the Chairmanship of Christian L. Schudt, Henry N. Trier, Secretary, with the 
 following sub-committees and workers: Henry N. Trier for Gardenville, Captain, Philip Weigand, Curtis Penfold, 
 Victor J. Fischer, Fred Daetsch, George Hensinger, Dr. Theo. E. Flemming, Frank C. Blair, Guy Woodward, Roy 
 Gerhardt, Leo Lang, Frank Euller, G. J. Kanderer, William Meininger, Frank Schieferstein, Herman Dust, Arthur 
 Bertold, John Diehl, Peter Breidenstein, Albert Switzer; Woman's Committee, for Gardenville, Mrs. Henry M. 
 Trier, Miss Cecelia N. Irr, Mrs. Frank C. Blair, Mrs. Bert Michener, Mrs. Richard Hackford, Mrs. Charles Kiefer, 
 Mrs. Charles Hackford, Miss Jennie Mathis, Mrs. R. H. Frankenstein, Mrs. George Hensinger. Also the Boy Scouts 
 of Gardenville in the Fifth Loan. For Ebenezer, Fred C. Valentine, Edward Wendling, Henry J. Frey, John Stell- 
 wagen, Alfred Richt, William Pankow, William Paget, Christian L. Schudt, Edward Kissinger, Robert Pletscher, 
 Alfred Metzger; Woman's Committee, Mrs. George Kohlert, Chairman, Miss Lottie Stellwagen, Miss Lulu Goellte- 
 man, Mrs. William Onick, Miss Dorothy Weber, Mrs. Joslyn, Miss Charlotte Keller, Mrs. Theo Hamilton, Mrs. 
 William Pankow. Balance of West Seneca, George Soerber, Louis Comron, Alfred E. Brown, John M. Ginness, 
 Edward Zimmer, Joseph Koenshiled, Fred Garvey, Miss Lena Lucty, Miss Ada Schudt, Miss Schannecoy. 
 
 The results achieved were as follows: Third Loan, quota, $22,000, subscription, $44,250; Fourth Loan, quota, 
 $44,000, subscription, $52,000; Fifth Loan, quota, $36,000, subscription, $50,000. 
 
 Virtually every town and village of Erie County had flourishing Red Cross Circles that did 
 the same arduous and untiring work that was done in the city. The story of this work is told 
 in the chapter on the Red Cross in this volume. 
 
 No call or request was made by the Government that was not met by the people in the towns 
 and villages of Erie County in an enthusiastic and generous spirit. The results show for them- 
 selves, and no words written can change the story or add more glory to the achievements. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 487 
 
 CHAPTER CXVII 
 INDEPENDENCE DAY— JULY FOURTH, 1919 
 
 Erie County officially closed its world-war chapter on Independence Day, July 4, 1919. 
 Of course, there straggled through the weeks and months which followed many sporadic 
 entertainments and activities growing out of the World War. Occasionally, a soldier or 
 sailor, relieved from duty, was greeted by relatives and friends as he arrived in Buffalo or in 
 one of the towns of the county. The severely wounded, who had not at that time recovered, 
 found their way home in the later months, but, as a general proposition, Buffalo's and Erie 
 County's part in the Great War ended with an Independence Day celebration which will forever 
 stand out conspicuously in the history of this locality. 
 
 It was the greatest Independence Day celebration we had known since the Civil War period. 
 It began with solemn tribute to the Stars and Stripes at the break of day and closed in a shower 
 of pyrotechnics in all the city parks as the hands of the clocks approached the hour of midnight. 
 It was a day to be remembered by those fortunate enough to participate in the various functions 
 which occupied the daylight and evening hours. It will be long remembered by returning 
 soldiers and sailors, as well as by the civilian population. It was a day of enthusiasm and of 
 action; of earnest and sincere welcome and of happy, joyous reunion, the whole assembled 
 under the inspiring canopy of a wonderful national achievement. Referring to the celebration, 
 the Buffalo Courier in its report said: 
 
 "For the city by the inland sea yesterday was a triple celebration — a celebration of Independence Day, of the sign- 
 ing of the treaty of peace, which virtually ended the war, and of the safe return of her men who brought honor to 
 themselves and distinction to their home city by their deeds. 
 
 "In a parade through the downtown district to the Front in the morning, 6,000 of Buffalo's vast army of fighting 
 men and patriotic women passed between lanes of cheering Buffalonians to the accompaniment of resounding brass, 
 fluttering bunting and banners of gold and white, telling the story of the festivity. 
 
 "At the Front at high noon the city of Buffalo, represented by the Mayor and Council with the members of the 
 Mayor's welcome home committee, and reinforced by clergj' and leaders of finance and war work, extended to the 
 veterans the warm hand of greeting. As the howitzer at Fort Porter boomed out the army salute, Buffalo reached 
 the climax in her expression of appreciation. 
 
 " In speeches long to be remembered Mayor Buck, Ralph S. Kent, Walter P. Cooke, Captain Henry Adsit and other 
 proclaimed Buffalo's deepest emotions to those now happily back home, their work done. Throughout all the talks 
 ran the sentiment that the city honored itself in honoring those who represented it. For the war-weary ones, those 
 still on foreign soil, there was a word of appreciation and the pledge that no stone will be left unturned to make their 
 home-coming, too, as joyous as that of yesterday. 
 
 "But the welcome to the hero-fighters did not end with the ceremonies at the Front. When, after the welcome, the 
 veterans with friends and families had moved away, it was only to catch a breathing spell in preparation for last 
 night's round of dances, band concerts and fireworks, prepared by the welcome home committee, of which Colonel 
 Newton E. Turgeon is head. 'Hops' were staged last night at both armories, the Broadway Auditorium and Elm- 
 wood Music hall. At six different parks there were concerts. Seated on the lawns or banks, soldiers watched starry 
 shells burst in mid-heaven, without the fear that they meant an enemy raid, and smiled at giant rockets, which spat forth 
 their crystals of scarlet, gold and green, secure in the knowledge that the aerial displays did not forecast a gas attack. 
 
 "Truly, it was homecoming Fourth of July. By very good fortune or rare foresight, the morning was chosen 
 for the historic march. 'Twas a lucky stroke, for a blazing sun had made all plans to drop in on Buffalo, and when 
 noon arrived the air was charged with heat waves of a sort that defied any puffy little wind to dispel them. An azure 
 sky was the homage which the weather paid to her best people in khaki. 
 
 "The hands of the City Hall clock stood at precisely 10 when Major Bradley Goodyear and his adjutant, Rod- 
 erick MacGregor called 'forward march.' From all the spoke-streets of McKinley square the various units fell into 
 position, according to blueprint. About the time the paraders were rounding into formation, a flotilla of automo- 
 biles left the City Hall, bearing the official party, which consisted of the following: Mayor Buck, Councilman Heald, 
 Councilman Malone, Councilman Bagley, Councilman Kreinheder, Ralph S. Kent, Daniel J. Sweeney, City Clerk; 
 Lieutenant Edmund Britt, Chancellor of the Cathohc diocese of Buffalo; Rabbi Louis J. Kopald, the Rev. Samuel 
 V. V. Holmes, Walter P. Cooke, John G. Wickser, Lieutenant Colonel Francis E. Fronczak and members of the 
 press. The official party was whirled up Main Street to the reviewing stand at Genesee Street and Main. 
 
488 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 "Ranging along the curbs from Shelton Square to North Street and over North to Porter Avenue were solidly 
 built rows of benches for mothers, relatives and friends of the marching men. Virtually every seat was taken, espe- 
 cially along North Street. Thousands saw, applauded and waved flags or tossed flowers to the men. 
 
 "Headed by the police band and police detail, every one of whom is a veteran of the World War, the marchers 
 came up Main Street. With Major Goodyear, marshal, marched a number of distinguished service men. Victims of 
 bursting shells and other maladies of war rode in automobiles. Charles A. Orr, the only Buffalo survivor of the Rebel- 
 lion who won the Congressional medal, rode in a side car — a distinguished guest of the boys of 1918. There followed 
 the members of the Mayor's committee to w'elcome returning soldiers, many marching in natty white serge and carry- 
 ing canes. They were headed by Colonel Turgeon. They gave the 'eyes right' to the city officials as they passed, 
 just like regular soldiers. Another guest of honor was Mrs. John Miller Horton, past president of the D. A. R. She 
 rode in a big car and received the tributes of numerous admirers. 
 
 "No greater applause was accorded any unit in the parade than that to the nurse corps. Only ten were in line, 
 but virtually all of them wore the gold bars on sleeves of blue. 
 
 "Division No. 1 consisted of the marines, commanded by Captain Allan V. Parker. The navy boys, who followed, 
 made a good showing with about 125 in line, headed by Commander T. W. Harris. They sported a float depicting a 
 scene on a submarine, torpedo and all. Then came the divisions by wards, one or two wards to each division. Some 
 wards had only fifty to seventy-five in line, while others boasted a turnout of 150 or more. 
 
 "As each line of marchers passed the reviewing stand the 'eyes right' was given. Many of the men marched with 
 great difficulty. Stiff arms and injured hands — tokens of the Hun — were revealed when the time for salute came. 
 But each ward was given its quota of cheers, and each in turn responded with smiles and flashing eyes. A salvo of 
 applause ascended as theLarkin's girl drum corps stepped up the street, heading the tenth division. Attired in 
 trim blue middies and light skirts, the young women, with bugles and snares, scored a decided hit. They hiked 
 along like veteran paraders and won an ovation every pace of the way. 
 
 "A surprise was sprung when an automobile haled into view carrying a sign, 'Pigeon Service, U. S. A.' As the 
 winged bulletin bearers passed the reviewing stand, the soldiers in charge released several birds, which soared over 
 the stands and returned like a shot from a machine gun to their cotes. The Buffalo Gordon Highlanders' band, head- 
 ing the twenty-sixth and twenty-seventh wards, lent variety and paprika to the music with its mighty bagpipes. 
 
 "It remained for the men of Buffalo's own Seventy-fourth and old Third Field Artillery to wind up the parade, 
 which, though not the longest military pageant in the annals of Buffalo by a long shot, was certainly one of the most 
 momentous. The 108th Infantry (Old Seventy-fourth) had about 100 men in line. They were headed by Lieutenant 
 W. Edward Taggart, Chaplain John C. Ward, Lieutenant E. Harrison O'Rourke, Major Andrews of the 107th Infan- 
 try, a guest of the Buffalo officers, and Lieutenant Howe. 
 
 "The 106th Field Artillery made a bigger numerical showing with about 150 men and officers in line. Both outfits, 
 which were part of the famed Twenty-seventh Division which cracked the Hindenburg Line, received a thunderous 
 greeting. 
 
 "The formal ceremony at the Front began when Ralph S. Kent, Chairman of the Committee of the Day, intro- 
 duced Lieutenant Chaplain Edmund Britt, Chancellor of the Catholic Diocese of Buffalo, who pronounced the Lord's 
 Prayer as an invocation. 
 
 "For distinguished service on the field of battle. Corporal Joseph P. Balling of Company M of the 311th Infantry, 
 78th Division, was awarded the distinguished service medal by Major Bradley Goodyear of the 106th Field Artillery. 
 Captain Henry Adsit, one of the seventy American heroes who during the war were awarded the Congressional 
 medal of honor, the highest honor that can come to any American, was introduced, and when a speech from him was 
 demanded by the audience he turned to the khaki and blue-clad mass before him and said: 'All I can ask of you 
 fellows is that you be just as good back here as you were over there.' He took a seat on the platform amid enthu- 
 siastic cheering. Another winner of the Congressional medal, Charles E. Orr, who was decorated with this high 
 honor during the Civil War, was introduced and loudly cheered. 
 
 "In token of the fact that a copy of the Buffalo war history will be presented to every man from here who served 
 with the colors, one was presented to Major Goodyear. 
 
 "Mayor George S. Buck was then introduced to extend, on behalf of the city, a formal welcome. He said: 
 
 ** 'The war period was full of problems for the city of Buffalo, but no sooner was the Armistice signed than a fresh one confronted us. It was 
 how to welcome home our returning soldiers in such a manner as to let them see that we appreciated what they had done and that it was our 
 purpose to help them in every possible way to be re-established once more in civil life. To accomplish these ends several committees were 
 appointed. The celebration of to-day and this gathering are part of the fruits of the effort made by the welcome home committee. 
 
 " 'At first it was felt that we must try to have our boys come back in their unit formations, so that they could be met at the station with a 
 band and be paraded through the streets to give their admiring fellow citizens a chance to express the welcome in their hearts. It was not long 
 before the committee discovered that what appealed the most to our boys was something that would show them, as soon as they returned to our 
 shores, that they were on the minds of their fellow citizens. So headquarters were established in New York City and a welcome and helping 
 hand was extended at once upon arrival. It was soon discovered, also, that the returning soldiers and sailors did not want to parade. They did 
 not want to be held in New York or any other place until sufficient numbers could be collected to make parades. They all wanted to get home 
 to their families just as quickly as possible. It must be a source of gratification to every one who stops to think the matter over that our 
 veteran soldiers should not be thinking of war as an occupation, but should be craving above all else to return to the family life and the civil em- 
 ployment and social diversions which were theirs before the war. The sole aim of the welcome home committee has been to extend to our return- 
 ing boys that kind of a welcome which they most appreciate and value, and the programme of the committee has been changed, as it has been 
 understood more clearly just the kind of welcome that our boys would like. 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 489 
 
 " 'On behalf of the citizens of Buffalo let me express to all of those who have represented them in the service of the Government in the great 
 war our deep appreciation of what they have done. By their earnestness and enthusiasm, by their devotion to duty, by their heroism on the field 
 of battle, they have brought honor to themselves and distinction to the city from which they came. To those of us who could have no part in 
 this kind of service it is a source of pride and satisfaction to know that this was done by those who were our friends, or of our own kindred, and 
 of the same flesh and blood as ourselves. 
 
 " ' BufTalo is a very cosmopolitan city in the varied racial origin of its people, but in the great war it has done its part both at home and abroad 
 with a unity of spirit and a loyalty to the country that is beyond praise. As one looks over the list of the names of our boys who made the supreme 
 sacrifice it is doubtful if a third of the names are of the kind that a few years ago would have been cla.ssed as truly American. What is true Ameri- 
 canism? Is it not a readiness to support the principles upon which our American republic is built, and, if need be, to lay down life itself in the 
 defense of these principles? Judged by that standard all the names on the roll of the honored dead are most American; and judged by the same 
 standard there is no city in our country that is more American than is our own. 
 
 " 'It is our good fortune to live in one of the greatest periods of the world's history and to leave the impress of our influence upon that history 
 for all time to come. The world was at the turn of the way. Either it was going back to autocracy and slavery or it was going forward to greater 
 freedom under democratic government, and our weight turned the scale in favor of progi-ess and civilization. We shall erect monuments in honor 
 of the dead who gave up their lives in this great cause. We shall do everything in our power to show our gratitude to those who served and sac- 
 rificed in this great struggle, but those who took part in it will pass away, and there is no monument in metal or in stone that time will not destroy, 
 but the memory of the part that was played by the people of the United States will endure as long as civilization lives upon this earth; and we 
 of Buffalo and Erie County should congratulate ourselves that in all branches of the service of the United States our boys bore so valuable and 
 so honorable a part.' 
 
 "Walter P. Cooke, leader of the war workers at home, in an equally striking address, said: 
 
 " 'The city of Buffalo is extending to-day an official welcome to her soldiers and sailors returning from the great war. Throughout all of this 
 city the hearts of our good people are filled with pride and satisfaction in your courage and achievements and with gratitude and thanksgiving 
 over your safe return. It is my privilege this morning to express to you something of the warmth of esteem in which your fellow citizens hold 
 you, of their appreciation of your great service, and of the sincerity of the welcome which each and every one of them is extending to you to-day. 
 
 " ' Much could be said and written and much will be said and written of your service, of your exploits, of your travels, of your hardships and 
 suffering, and of your courage and victories. I want to emphasize just one feature of the service you have rendered your city and country, and 
 that is the promptness and cheerfulness with which you answered your country's call. 
 
 '"The people of this country had been called money mad. It has been said of us that we were soft and would never fight for anything but 
 gain. Our enemies apparently believed that of us, and hence they felt safe in heaping insult after insult upon us, and then what happened? The 
 world saw a great people arise in its might without thought of conquest or gain to themselves, but at an enormous cost in blood and treasure 
 enter the great struggle for an ideal, for the perpetuation of the liberty their fathers fought for and which they cherished. And the world saw that 
 great nation of peace-loving men and women, in an unbelievably short space of time equip and train an army of 3,000,000 men, the finest army 
 the world has ever seen, and transport 2,000,000 of them across the ocean protected by our splendid navy. And the world saw that army take 
 its place 3,000 miles from home with the veterans of the armies of Europe, and making for itself a glorious record, have its full share in the vic- 
 tory over the world's greatest military machine. 
 
 '"And how was all this accomplished? Only because you and men like you all over their fair land responded instantly to the country's call. 
 You left your business or employment, sacrificed not only what you had but the opportunities of the future. You left your families, left them 
 not only lonely and full of anxiety over your health and safety, but in many cases without assurance of adequate support in your absence. You 
 endured the hard training of camp life and risked your health from exposure. You crossed the seas and fought amid all the dangers and brutalities 
 of modern warfare. 
 
 " ' You risked your lives for your country's honor. How great that risk was is attested by the fact that more than 900 of our men will never 
 come back, and the thought of them and of their sacrifices and of their beloved ones is the only sadness in our hearts to-day. 
 
 "'And what has been accomplished by all that you have done? 
 
 '"You are all of you better men and better citizens for your experience. You have a clearer knowledge of the great value of liberty and of 
 self government and a greater willingness to oppose anything that threatens them, whether it be a foreign enemy or a disturber or coward in our 
 midst. 
 
 '"The people at home are all better men and women because of your example of loyalty and patriotism and are the more ready to work with 
 you over here for the kind of liberty, of decency and of self-government that you fought for over there. 
 
 '"You have demonstrated that America was not soft, that she was not money-mad, that America is a nation that cherishes ideals more than 
 material prosperity. That America is willing to fight for liberty, not only for herself, but for the world. 
 
 " 'You carried the flag across the seas and brought it back unsullied by compromise or defeat, but glorified by victory and carrying for all 
 time to come a new luster and a new meaning. 
 
 " 'You have upheld the fair name of your city, or your town as the case may be. You have written a splendid page in the history of your 
 State and, more than all, you have helped to place your country in a new and higher position of honor among the nations of the world. 
 
 '"We people who stayed at home are proud of your courage and of your patriotism. We realize that you have been fighting for us and we 
 are deeply sensible of the obligation we owe to you. 
 
 '"Speaking to you for the good people of this city, let me tell you that they are proud of their soldiers and sailors, that their hearts thrill 
 with the thought of all that you have done and how much it all means to us now and will mean to us in the future; that we humbly bow our 
 heads in gratitude over your safe return; and that we welcome you back home as heroes of a great crusade whose services a grateful people will 
 ever remember'." 
 
 Rabbi Louis J. Kopald pronounced the following benediction, formally closing the ceremony: 
 
 "Fellow Americans, with mind and heart alike consecrated by sacred and proud American memories and quickened 
 anew by undying ideals, let us ask God's blessing." 
 
490 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 CHAPTER CXVIII 
 IN CONCLUSION 
 
 A ND now that the war is over and the boys are back home, famihes are reunited and business is 
 ZA returning to its normal activity, we can more calmly contemplate the events which are even 
 -*- -*-now so rapidly passing astern. What seemed to us in the early days of the struggle to be 
 insurmountable obstacles have been easily overcome. The expenditures and contributions of the 
 people in abundant measure were freely and gladly made. With mingled pride and sorrow we 
 think of the brave boys who are not to return, and, while no regret hangs over the city, somehow 
 or other there appears to be no assurance that we will ever return to the mode of life we lived, or 
 the conditions which existed prior to the war. They are gone forever. A spirit of unrest at this 
 moment permeates the country; labor is discontented, business is finicky, prices are higher than 
 even during the war. But normal times will come again. 
 
 What Buffalo and Erie County boys did over there, and what Buffalo and Erie County people at 
 home accomplished, of course, are now things of yesterday. We have tried in this publication, to re- 
 cord briefly and accurately some of the things that the men and women, the boys and girls of Buf- 
 falo accomplished during the five historic years that have just gone over our heads. We appreciate 
 that the record is by no means adequate and probably very incomplete, but an earnest endeavor 
 has been made to give the reader a flash-light at least of every important event that transpired in 
 our affairs at home, and of the battles overseas as our boys saw them. No effort has been made 
 to weigh the various military moves of the American Commanders on the Western Front, nor to 
 record the relative value of each in the successful conclusion of the war, but we have set down 
 from authentic sources the brilliant part Buffalo and Erie County men played in every phase 
 of the struggle. 
 
 It took the Prussian War Lords nearly three years of insult piled upon insult and injury heaped 
 upon injury to excite our peace-loving country to the point of declaring war. It was only when 
 the horrors of the "Lusitania" had sunk deep into the American heart and it became apparent 
 that human rights and human liberties everywhere were to be assailed that this nation entered 
 the struggle. After the military clique at Potsdam had forced us into a fight which we were 
 willing to avoid, as long as fighting could be honorably avoided, they realized their mistake. 
 That has been evidenced in a hundred ways. We entered the war at a period when France and 
 England were almost on their knees before the master military force of Europe. In nineteen 
 months from the day the United States declared war that great power had been crushed. 
 Historians of after years will undoubtedly give to the several countries involved their relative 
 place in the Allied achievement. Of course, the verdicts of history are often contradictory and 
 diffuse. For example, the French historian to-day exalts Napoleon and the English historian 
 debases him. One who has listened to the intimate recitals of many hundred returning soldiers 
 and commanders might be so greatly impressed with the valor and the skill and courage of his 
 own men and officers as to find his conclusions simply an effervescence of his pride and loyalty, 
 but despite all that, we venture this plain recital of fact: 
 
 For four years France furnished the battlefield of the Great World Struggle. The blood of her 
 gallant sons saturates the soil of the Western Front. England and Italy, too, gave their all to the 
 cause, and yet America is to be placed second to none of these. It has been said we did not 
 enter the war until the eleventh hour. We traveled three thousand miles of ocean and stepped 
 in at a critical time. We raised a great army. We poured out our money and provided food so 
 lavishly that humanity, staggered by barbarism and treachery, took courage and pressed on. 
 Our blood has mingled with the best blood of Europe, and whether tardily or not, we rescued 
 civilization. If it was the eleventh hour, America made it the eleventh hour. The picture of the 
 American Marines marching alone up that Paris Road on June 1, 1918, through kneeling lines 
 
Buffalo's Part in the World War 491 
 
 of praying refugees and retreating French soldiers, to meet the onward rush of the Hun at 
 Chateau Thierry, can be written into every battlefield of France. It is the predominant picture 
 at every angle of the Boche's trip back to the Rhine. All that need be changed to correctly 
 record the situation is the division numeral of the American force engaged and that is the pic- 
 ture which will stand out most prominently for all time in every faithful portrayal of the closing 
 months of the Great World War. 
 
 
 I cannot close this record without giving expression to my very deep appreciation of the constant 
 co-operation I have received from Finley H. Greene, Chairman of the Mayor's Committee; from 
 Mayor George S. Buck, Councilmen Frederick G. Bagley, Charles M. Heald, Arthur W. Krein- 
 heder and John F. Malone, at the head of the City Government; from Frank B. Steele, who, as 
 my associate in the compilation of this work, never tired in his quest for authentic data. Very 
 commendable and grateful mention must be made of the services rendered by William Staples and 
 George Hare, in furnishing the photographic reproductions of local events; of Lieut. Frank 
 Bloomer and Sergeant Edward J. Barry for many of the overseas pictures. Much of the data and 
 details of women's war work and various relief enterprises was furnished by Mrs. Henry Altman, 
 whose very able co-operation made possible so complete a record of that phase of our war work. 
 In the list of others who contributed materially in this production are to be included Ralph S. Kent, 
 of the War Savings Stamp Committee; Mrs. Richard Noye, Jr., Red Cross; Captain E. G. 
 Ziegler of the 108th Infantry; Captain Harry L. Gilchriese of the 106th Field Artillery; George D. 
 Crofts of the Liberty Loan; William S. Rann, United States Appeal Agent; Dr. George Smith, 
 Department of Education; W. W. Reilley, Chairman of the Draft Boards; Miss Alice Williams 
 and George E. Houck of the District Exemption Board; Rev. C. McLeod Smith, Federation of 
 Churches; Rev. Miles O'Mailia, Chaplain of the new 65th Regiment; A. H. Whitford, Y. M. C. A.; 
 Thomas Hennesey, K. of C; Rev. L. J. Kopald, Jewish Welfare; Mrs. George B. Barrell, Festi- 
 val of Light and Song; Thomas E. Lawrence of the Board of Supervisors, and hundreds of others, 
 soldiers and civilians, without whose valued and kindly co-operation this publication would have 
 been impossible. And last, but by no means least, around my most pleasant memories of this work 
 will be always entwined a recollection of the loyalty and painstaking effort of Conrad F. Toepfer, 
 Louis B. Lane and Kate Burr, Harry E. Stapleton of the 102d Trench Mortar Battery, and 
 Joseph McGowan, 108th Infantry, who in the preparation of copy and the reading of proof 
 rendered invaluable service. The Editor. 
 
BUFFALO AND ERIE COUNTY 
 
 ROSTER 
 
 OF MEN AND WOMEN WHO 
 SERVED IN THE WORLD WAR 
 AT HOME— IN CAMPS—OVERSEAS 
 
 • • 
 
 HONOR ROLL OF ERIE COUNTY 
 
 • • 
 
 LIST OF WOUNDED AND THOSE 
 CITED FOR EXTRAORDINARY 
 HEROISM 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS 
 
 AW Accidentally Wounded 
 
 I Injured 
 
 WA Wounded in Action 
 
 MA Missing in Action 
 
 LS Lost at Sea 
 
 DD Died of Disease 
 
 AD Accidental Death 
 
 DW Died of Wounds 
 
 KA Killed in Action 
 
494 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 LIBERTY CLAIMS HER OWN 
 
OUR HEROIC DEAD 
 
 ROSTER OF SOLDIERS, SAILORS AND MARINES WHO GAVE THEIR 
 
 LIVES IN ORDER THAT ALL THE WORLD MIGHT BE 
 
 MADE SAFE FOR DEMOCRACY 
 
 GOLD STARS ON CITY AND COUNTY SERVICE FLAG 
 
 Abel Frank^Pvt. DD Fort Porter, November, 1918. 
 
 Abel, Joseph J.— Co. E, 35th Field Artillery. DD 
 Camp McClennan, October 15, 1918. 
 
 Abt, Albert C— 326th Infantry. KA. 
 
 Ackerman, William B.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. 
 KA Near Metz, October 14, 1918. 
 
 Adolf, Orlo J. — Seaman, Navy. DD Great Lakes, Sep- 
 tember 24, 1918. 
 
 Ahenok, Frank— Pvt. DW October 2, 1918. 
 
 Aichinger, John E. — Coxswain, U. S. S. "Stockton." 
 DD Queenstown, Ire., November 13, 1918. 
 
 Aitken, Douglas G. — Corp., Royal West Kent Rgt. 
 DW October 20, 1917. 
 
 Albrecht, Albion A.— Pvt. MA October 12, 1918. 
 
 Altrogge, Albert H. — 302d Engineers. DD January 
 27, 1918. Residence, Newstead. 
 
 Amdur, Chas.— Pvt. KA October 2, 1918. 
 
 Ammerman, J. B. — 77th Division. KA. 
 
 Ancona, Giuseppi — Pvt. KA October 3, 1918. 
 
 Andres, John— Pvt., Co. B, 309th Machine Gun Bat- 
 talion. KA France, September 5, 1918. Residence, 
 Cheektowaga. 
 
 Anken, Edward— Pvt. DD Ellis Island, N. Y., Feb- 
 ruary 7, 1919. 
 
 Apstein, Sam — Pvt., 302d Engineers. KA. 
 
 Cited for valor. 
 
 Ashby, Whitmon G.— Sgt., 304th Field Artillery. 
 
 DD March 19, 1919, France. Residence, North 
 
 Collins. 
 Au, Chas. E.— Corp., 7th Infantry. KA October 2, 1918. 
 Babinger, Albert J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), Naval Reserve. DD March 24, 1919. 
 Badina, Alwin L.— Pvt., 9th N. R. C. DD Camp 
 
 Wheeler. 
 Badina, Eugene — Corp., Headquarters 336th Infantry. 
 
 DD April 18, 1918, Camp Taylor. 
 Badrow, John F. — 77th Division. KA. 
 Bachman, Harold B.— Pvt. DD December 12, 1918. 
 Bachman, John A. — 2d Lieut., 308th Machine Gun 
 
 Company. KA September 26, 1918. 
 
 Awarded D. S. C. for extraordinary heroism near Jaulny, France, 
 on September 26, 1918. 
 
 Bachman, Leo F.—302d Am. Tr. DD April 11, 1918, 
 
 Camp Upton. 
 Backstrom, John- Mechanic, 307th Infantry. KA 
 
 October, 1918, Argonne. 
 Baker, Robert S.— Sgt., 74th Regiment. DD Buffalo, 
 
 July 7, 1917. 
 Balling, Peter J.— Pvt. KA Argonne, October 19, 1918. 
 
 Residence, Tonawanda. 
 Ballachey, Frederick A. — Lieut., Medical Department. 
 
 DD Camp Dix, September 26, 1918. 
 
 Bann, Frederick W.— Pvt., Co. L, 108th Infantry. 
 KA September 29, 1918, Cambrai. Residence, Aurora. 
 
 Bantle, Kenneth — Pvt., 1st Ordinance Regiment. DD. 
 
 Barber, Clifford A., Jr.— Pvt., Co. H., 4th Infantry. 
 DD February 3, 1918. Residence, Hamburg. 
 
 Bartlett, Robert H. — Pvt. DD. Residence, Springville. 
 
 Barnum, Arthur S. — Pvt., Infantry. DD Buffalo, No- 
 vember 7, 1917. 
 
 Bass, Elmer- Pvt., Co. K, 108th Infantry. DD 
 Spartanburg. Residence, Alden. 
 
 Bauer, Edwin H.— Sgt., Co. D, 309th Infantry. KA 
 October 18, 1918. 
 
 Bauer, Irving J.— Pvt., 29th Prov. Ord. DD October 
 7, 1918. Residence, Eden. 
 
 Bazoska, Ignatius 306th Inf. KA October 4, 1918. 
 
 Beach, Clayton M. — Lieut., Rainbow Division. KA 
 July 19, 1918. 
 
 Beck, Leonard W.— Pvt., Co. A, Machine Gun Bat- 
 talion, 42d Division. KA June 7, 1918. 
 
 Bedford, Oscar— Co. A, 8th Inf. KA November 4, 1918. 
 
 Beels, Alfred— Pvt. DD. Residence, Elma. 
 
 Beitz, Roy J. — Pvt., 54th Canadian Battalion. MA 
 September 23, 1918. 
 
 Bell, Maxwell— Coast Artillery Corps. AD July 7, 1918. 
 Fort Moultrie, S. C. 
 
 Benzing, J. M.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. MA No- 
 vember 11, 1918. 
 
 Bernstein, Henry— Pvt. DW October 21, 1918. 
 
 Besse, Ross C. — Pvt., Headquarters, 147th Infantry. 
 KA September 30, 1918. 
 
 Beter, Charles— Pvt. DW May 30, 1918. 
 
 Betz, Peter H.— Pvt., Co. D, 318th Engineers. MA. 
 
 Beyer, Robert H. — Lieut., Co. B, Machine Gun Bat- 
 talion. KA October 3, 1918. 
 
 Bibo, Raffele- 77th Division. KA. 
 
 Bialoglowicz, Teofil— Pvt. MA October 11, 1918. 
 
 Bianchi, Chas.— Pvt., C. E. F. KA. 
 
 Bickelman, George — Pvt. KA. 
 
 Bierbaum, George G. — Cadet. Air Service Squadron 
 No. 251. Died from aeroplane accident, December 
 27, 1917, Fort Sill, Oklahoma. 
 
 Bierbaum, Robert A.— MA October 2, 1918. 
 
 Bies, Bernard M.— Bugler, Co. D, 355th Infantry. 
 DW October 3, 1918. Vichy, France. 
 
 Bietrzbil, John— Pvt. DW December 2, 1918. 
 
 Biggins, Thomas. DW. 
 
 Blase, Louis — Battalion Sergeant Major, 309th Infantry. 
 KA September 17, 1918. 
 
 Blazkiewicz, Leo— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. KA 
 October 22, 1918. 
 
 Boechat, John A.— Sgt., 108th Infantry. KA Le Cate- 
 let, August 30, 1918. 
 
496 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Boehmke, Charles— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry. DD. 
 
 Residence, Tonawanda. 
 Bohne, Fred— Pvt. KA. 
 Boldt, Chas. H.— Pvt., Co. A, 305th Infantry. DW 
 
 September 29, 1918. Residence, Golden. 
 Boncyski, Michael— Pvt. DD October 5, 1918. 
 Bonczer, Michael — Pvt., Marine Corps. KA. 
 Boone, Joe — Pvt. MA. 
 Borowski, Chester E. A. — Pvt. MA. 
 Bourne, Frank M.— Corp., Co. K, 306th Inf. DD. 
 Bradley, Albert — Pvt. DD January, 1919, France. 
 Brennan, Patrick — Seaman. DD July, 1918, Great 
 
 Lakes. Residence, Lackawanna. 
 Breen, Frank — KA, France. 
 Brider, Herbert— Pvt., Go. B, 312th Engineers. DD 
 
 October 12, 1918, France. 
 Brink, Frank H.— Pvt., Co. M, 309th Infantry. KA 
 
 September 17, 1918, France. Residence, Holland. 
 Broardt, Geo.— Pvt., Go. G, 306th Infantry. MA 
 
 September 6, 1918. 
 Bromige, Alfred— Corp., Go. E, 18th Infantry. KA 
 
 September 12, 1918. 
 Brooks, Charles M. — Ist-Lieut., 32d Engineers. DD 
 
 Gamp Grant. 
 Brown, Joseph — Pvt. MA. 
 Brownshidle, Milton J.— Pvt., Go. M, 311th Infantry. 
 
 KA September 28, 1918, St Mihiel. 
 Brozoska, Ignatius— Pvt. KA October 11, 1918. 
 Broxup, John A. — Pvt., Marine Corps. KA Nov. 5, 1918. 
 
 Awarded D. S. C. for extraordinary heroism in battle. 
 
 Buchanan, David S. — Corp., Co. E, 311th Infantry. 
 
 KA October 16, 1918. Chevieres. 
 Bucier, Joseph— Pvt. KA July 16, 1918. 
 Buckholt, Gazimierz— DW July 24, 1918. 
 Bugmann, Daniel W. — Corp., Co. G, 311th Infantry. 
 
 KA November 1, 1918. Grand Pre. 
 Burdick, Glen L.— Sgt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. DW 
 
 Residence, Newstead. 
 Burke, John F.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. 
 
 DW September 28, 1918. St. Mihiel. 
 Burns, Evans — Seaman, Co. A, U. S. Navy. DD 
 
 Great Lakes. Residence, Holland. 
 Burns, James J.— Pvt., Co. K, 310th Infantry. KA 
 
 November 2, 1918. Hill 210. 
 Burns, John R.— Pvt., Co. B, 108th Infantry. KA 
 
 October 18, 1918. 
 Burr, Kenneth W.— Corp. DD October 16, 1918, 
 
 France. 
 Burrows, Lorenzo — Major, Mec. Corps. DD Septem- 
 ber 17, 1918. 
 Byers, Frank E. — Mechanic. DD November 4, 1918. 
 Byrne, Charles R.— Pvt., KA May 26, 1918. 
 Byrnes, Joseph L.— Sgt., Go. M, 309th Infantry. DD 
 
 February 5, 1919, France. 
 Cadden, Patrick — Pvt. KA France. Residence, Lack- 
 awanna. 
 Callahan, .Jerry— Pvt., Battery B, 32d Field Artillery. 
 
 DD October 8, 1918, Camp Meade. 
 Campbell, Peyton R.— Sgt., Go. D, 306th Machine 
 
 Gun Bat. KA September 4, 1918, Fismes, France. 
 Canditto, Frank B.— Pvt. DD January 9, 1919. 
 
 Gangiamila, Joseph — 2d Lieut., R. F. G. Killed in 
 accident, August 12, 1918, Scotland. 
 
 Caplo, Stanley — 77th Division. KA. 
 
 Carberry, Frank J. — Seaman, Great Lakes. DD Sep- 
 tember, 1918, Great Lakes. 
 
 Garrigan, Thomas— Pvt. DD Feb. 7, 1919, Gamp Upton. 
 
 Carroll, John P— Corp. MA. 
 
 Carroll, Ralph— Corp. MA. 
 
 Garter, Kenneth P.— Pvt., 108th Infantry. KA Sep- 
 tember 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line. 
 
 Case, Charles — Lieut., Infantry. KA August 18, 1918. 
 
 Catania, Pasquale — Pvt. MA. 
 
 Catchpole, Harry G. — Ensign, Naval Aviation. AD 
 September 13, 1918, Gape May, N. Y. 
 
 Cavillier, George — Pvt., Infantry. KA. 
 
 Chamberlain, Maxwell E. — Corp., Marine Aviation 
 Corps. DD September 28, 1918, at Sea. 
 
 Churchill, Earl R.— 1st Lieut., Go. F, 110th Infantry. 
 KA August 7, 1918. 
 
 Ginffetelli, Loreto — Pvt., 12th Infantry. DD January 
 19, 1919. Residence, Newstead. 
 
 Clancy, Howard— Corp., Co. C, 309th Infantry. DW 
 October 19, 1918, Apremont. 
 
 Clark, James P.— Corp., Co. M, 108th Infantry. KA 
 October, 1918. 
 
 Clark, Wm.— Pvt. KA June 18, 1918, France. Resi- 
 dence, Aurora. 
 
 Clark, Wm. F.— Pvt. KA May 7, 1918, France. 
 
 Clay, Arthur R.— Sgt., Co. D, 309th Infantry. KA 
 October 14, 1918, France. Residence, Aurora. 
 
 Clipper, Jesse W.— Corp. DD March 21, 1919 
 
 Clifton, Harry— Pvt., Co. K, 306th Infantry. KA Oc- 
 tober 5, 1918. Residence, Hamburg. 
 
 Closkey, Fred— Pvt., Go. F, 361st Infantry. KA Octo- 
 ber 9, 1918. 
 
 Glough, Charles L.— Pvt. KA October 31, 1918, Somer- 
 ance. Residence, Aurora. 
 
 Gonboy, Harry E.— Pvi;. DD October 26, 1918, Edge- 
 wood Arsenal, Md. 
 
 Cohen, Benjamin— Pvt., Co. L, 108th Infantry. DW 
 October 23, 1918. 
 
 Cole, John A.— Pvt., Go. F, 306th Infantry. MA. 
 
 Collard, Clarence — Lieut. KA. 
 
 Collins, Earl J. — Pvt., Machine Gun Company, 61st 
 Infantry. KA. 
 
 Gonnofsky, Louis— Pvt. DD October 8, 1918. 
 
 Connors, William M. — Pvt., Machine Gun Company, 
 327th Infantry. MA September 13, 1918. 
 
 Conrad, Adrian K.— Pvt., Co. C, 18th Infantry. KA 
 July 18, 1918. Soissons. 
 
 Conrad, Victor A.— DD November 3, 1918, Camp 
 Wheeler, Ga. 
 
 Gonstanzi, Angelo — KA France. Res., Lackawanna. 
 
 Cotter, John J.— U. S. Navy. DD September 24, 
 1918, Great Lakes. 
 
 Coughlin, Cornelius F. — Sgt., Headquarters, 155th 
 Infantry Brigade. DD October, 1918, Paris. 
 
 Coughlin, Earl— Pvt., Troop G, 1st Calvary. DD July 
 10, 1917, Fort Russell. 
 
 Crosby, Harry E.— Lieut., 108th Infantry. KA Sep- 
 tember 29, 1918. Hindenburg Line. 
 
Our Heroic Dead 
 
 497 
 
 Crow, Harvey C— Pvt. KA. 
 
 Crowe, Edward E.— Sgt., Battery C, 308th Field Ar- 
 tillery. KA September 27, 1918. 
 
 Culkowski, John— Pvt. MA. 
 
 Curzzo, Giuseppe— Pvt. KA October 16, 1918. 
 
 Curry John V. — 2d Lieut. KA France. 
 
 Cuvik, Vincent— Pvt. DD Nov. 8, 1918, Anatol, N. J. 
 
 Cybulaski, Wladyslaw J.— Pvt. DD October 26, 1918, 
 Camp Sherman. 
 
 Czermejewski, Louis — Pvt., Co. K, 328th Infantry. 
 KA October, 1918, France. 
 
 Cziak, John— Pvt., KA June 26, 1918, France. 
 
 Dadah, Mayeeb— Pvt. DD Oct. 26, 1918, Fort Porter. 
 
 Dahl, Daniel P.— Pvt., Col., 308th Infantry. KA. 
 Residence, Tonawanda. 
 
 Daigliesch, George E. — Corp. DD December, 1918, 
 Fort Porter. 
 
 Daly, Edward M. — Fireman, U. S. S. "President 
 Lincoln." Lost at sea, July 4, 1918. 
 
 Daly, John P. — Pvt., Ambulance Corps. DD October 
 29, 1918. 
 
 Dane, Elmer W.— Sgt., Co. G, 309th Infantry. DD 
 February 11, 1919, Semur, Cote d'Or. 
 
 Darling, Carl M.— Corp. DD May 10, 1918, Camp Dix. 
 
 Davis, James F. F. — Naval Station, London. DD Sep- 
 tember 28, 1918, London. 
 
 Debski, Stephen— Pvt. MA. 
 
 Dell, Ward W.— A. F., U. S. S. "Meade," Merchant 
 Marine. DD September 20, 1918. 
 
 DeMaria, John A.— Pvt. DW October, 1918. 
 
 Denier, Louis F. — Pvt. MA. 
 
 DeRum, Howard P.— Corp., Co. C, 102d Field Sig. Bn. 
 KA September 29, 1918, Ronssoy, France. 
 
 Awarded D. S. C. for extraordinary heroism in action near Ronssoy, 
 France, September 29, 1918. 
 
 Didley, Anthony — Sgt., Headquarters 311th Infantry. 
 
 KA October 25, 1918, Grand Pre. 
 Dickey, Floyd A.— Pvt., Co. A, 108th Infantry. AD 
 
 January 24, 1918, Spartanburg. 
 Dimon, Allen— Pvt., Co. G, 16th Infantry. KA July 
 
 18, 1918, Soissons. Residence, Wales. 
 Dinsmore, Charles — Pvt., Headquarters 108th Infantry. 
 
 KA October 13, 1918, St. Souplet, France. 
 Dittmer— Co. G, 307th Infantry. KA August, 1918, 
 
 France. 
 Dobbins, Reuben — Corp. DD November 1, 1918, 
 
 Buffalo. 
 Dobmeier, Joseph— Pvt., Co. B, 314th Supply Train. 
 
 KA October 27, 1918, France. 
 Dolan, Edward P.— Pvt., Co. B, 307th Infantry. KA 
 
 September 14, 1918, Aisne. 
 Donahue, Michael— Pvt., Co. B, 307th Infantry. DW 
 
 September 15, 1918, France. 
 Dorsheid, Norbert B.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th 
 
 Infantry. KA September 22, 1918, St. Mihiel. 
 Dowhng, P.— Canadian Service. KA October 30, 1918. 
 Douglass, Allan W.— Lieut., Battery E, 113th Field 
 
 Artillery. KA September 13, 1918, France. 
 Dreher, Rudolph— Pvt., Co. H, 108th Infantry. AD 
 
 June 29, 1919, Buffalo, Niagara River by upsetting 
 
 of sail boat. 
 
 Driscoll, Cornelius P.— Sgt., Med., 106th Infantry. 
 AD December 1, 1918, Verdun. 
 
 Driscoll, Florence — Pvt. KA. 
 
 Driscoll, John J.— Sgt., 801st Steve. Battalion. DD 
 March 26, 1919. 
 
 Driscoll, Peter— Pvt. DD. 
 
 Driscoll, William J.— Pvt., 307th Infantry. KA Sep- 
 tember 9, 1918. 
 
 Drudge, Laverne W. — Pvt. DW France. Residence, 
 Clarence. 
 
 Dubiel, Stephen— Pvt., Co. L, 151st Infantry. KA 
 July 18, 1918. 
 
 Dubrandryz, Charles— Pvt. DW July 13, 1919. 
 
 Duffy, Frank J.— Lieut. Col., 103d Engineers. KA 
 September 12, 1918, France. 
 
 Duggan, John F.— Corp., Co. E, 311th Infantry. KA 
 October 16, 1918, Chevieres. 
 
 Duly, John R.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 316th Infantry 
 KA September 26, 1918, France. 
 
 Duly, R. H. — Corp., Provost Guard. KA September 
 5, 1918, France. Residence, Sloan. 
 
 Dusel, Edward T.— Cook. KA. 
 
 Dusenberry, Hiram — Pvt., 19th Battalion. DD Octo- 
 ber 1, 1918, Fort Ontario. 
 
 Dwyer, Frank— Pvt., No. 5 Field Hospital Unit. KA 
 July 31, 1918, France. 
 
 Earl, John Y.— Pvt., Co. M, 310th Infantry. KA Sep- 
 tember 28, 1918. 
 
 Eberhardt, Frederick B. — Co. Commander, Navy. 
 DD January 26, 1919, Great Lakes. Residence, 
 Kenmore. 
 
 Eberle, George J.— Co. J, 108th Infantry. DW Septem- 
 ber 29, 1918, Australian General Hospital. 
 
 Eckert, Arthur J.— Pvt., Headquarters 306th Infantry. 
 KA September 14, 1918. 
 
 Eckhar, Joseph— Pvt. DD Nov. 1, 1918, Camp Dix. 
 
 Eckgren, Ephraim — Pvt. DD Camp Custer, Mich. 
 
 Edick, John 0.— Pvt. DW. 
 
 Eddy, Earl P.— Pvt. MA June 5, 1918. 
 
 Efthim, Peter— Pvt., 309th Inf. MA October 26, 1918. 
 
 Eggleston, Allen L.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. H, 108th In- 
 fantry. KA September 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line. 
 
 Cited. 
 
 Elinore, Frank B.— Pvt., Battery A, 305th Field Artil- 
 lery. DD March 28, 1918, Camp Devens. 
 
 Ellwood, Henry— Battery A, Battalion 18. DD Octo- 
 ber, 1918, Camp Zachary Taylor. 
 
 Elsworth, Edward— Lieut. KA October 20, 1918. 
 
 Emmons, Harold T.— Pvt. DD September 21, 1918. 
 
 Epstein, Sam — KA. 
 
 Ernst, Lawrence F.— Pvt., Co. 67, U. S. Marine Corps. 
 KA June 14, 1918. Residence, Aurora. 
 
 Ernstine, Fred C— Sgt. MA. 
 
 Ervin, Anthony Y.— Pvt., Co. E, 311 Infantry. KA 
 October 16, 1918, Chevieres. 
 
 Essenwanger, George P. — Pvt., 1st Army Service Corps. 
 DD November 27, 1918, France. 
 
 Ether, Donald— Pvt. KA. 
 
 Evers, Harry T.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. DD. 
 
 Ewing, Henry C— Pvt. DD January 24, 1919, Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
498 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Exner, William P.— Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps. KA 
 
 June 28, 1918. 
 Falla, Adolphus— Pvt. KA. 
 Fallon, Bert— Sgt. DD January 31, 1919, Camp 
 
 Merritt. 
 Falta, Frank— Pvt., Co. C, 312th Am. Transport. DD. 
 Falton, Frank— Pvt., Co. C, 312th Ammunition Field. 
 
 DD September, 1918, France. 
 Faulkner, Herman— Pvt. KA August 11, 1918. 
 Fareta, Rosalino— Pvt., Inf. KA September 24, 1918. 
 Feldmeyer, Michael F.— Co, L, 309th Infantry. DW 
 
 October 18, 1918, Grand Pre. 
 Ferger, John E. — Pvt., Royal Scots. DW November 
 
 18, 1917, Nettley, Eng. 
 Ferguson, Hugh M. — Pvt. MA. 
 Ferguson, James G. — Naval Hospital. DD July 7, 
 
 1918, Chelsea, Mass. 
 Ferstad, John— Pvt. DW. 
 
 Fickel, Charles J. — Pvt., 8th Infantry, Canadian Re- 
 serves. KA July, 1918. 
 Findlay, William A.— Pvt., Co. C, 108th Infantry. 
 
 KA September 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line. 
 Fickenscher, Edgar E.— Corp., Co. C, 309th Infantry. 
 
 KA October 18, 1918, St. Juvin. 
 Fink, John J.— Sgt. DD January 31, 1919, Camp 
 
 Mills. 
 Finkelstein, Arthur B.— Corp., 106th Field Artillery. 
 
 KA November 3, 1918, Near Verdun. 
 Finn, William J.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. KA 
 
 October 17, 1918, Chevieres. 
 Fisher, James C. — Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps. DW 
 
 March 1, 1919, Coblenz. Residence, Tonawanda. 
 Fitchett, Howard C— Pvt., Co. K, 107th Infantry. 
 
 DW October 1, 1918, LaQuintra. 
 Flickinger, Edgar— Corp. KA October 18, 1918. 
 Flint, Harold G.— Sgt., 195th Aero. DD December 21, 
 
 1918, Fort Sam Houston. Residence, Eden. 
 Flock, Edward— DD. 
 Florian, Frederick W.— Pvt., U. S. M. C. KA June 7, 
 
 1918, Chateau Thierry. 
 Foote, Nathan H. — Capt., School Ship. DD December 
 
 23, 1918. Residence, Hamburg. 
 Forback, Richard F.— Pvt. KA October, 1918. 
 Forster, Linn H. — Lieut., 148th Aero Squadron. MA 
 
 October 24, 1918. 
 Forster, Michael J. — Sgt., 498th Aero Squadron. DD 
 
 October 9, 1918, France. 
 Foss, Fred — Aviation. AD. Residence, Newstead. 
 Fox, John A.— Pvt. DD November 9, 1918. 
 Fox, Louis— Pvt. KA. 
 
 Fox, Raymond F. — 1st Lieut., 1st Aero Squad KA Oc- 
 tober 1, 1918, Flanders. 
 Franclemont, Edward L. — 2d Lieut., Air Service. DD 
 
 January, 1919, Garden City, N. Y. 
 Frank, Florence — Nurse, Red Cross. DD France. 
 Fraser, Eldred L. — Lieut., Tank Service. KA Decem- 
 ber, 7, 1917. 
 Fraser, Stuart, Jr.— Pvt., 302d Engineers. DW Sep- 
 tember 11, 1918, France. 
 Fraser, William W. — Pvt., 137th Canadian Infantry. 
 KA December, 1917. 
 
 Frazier, Bernard J.— Pvt. DD January 24, 1919, Fort 
 
 Porter, N. Y. 
 Frazzoh, Rocco— Pvt., Co. A, 310th Infantry. KA 
 
 September 22, 1918, St. Mihiel. 
 Freeland, Gordon C. — Corp., 48th Royal Gordon High- 
 landers. KA April 24, 1915. 
 Frey, Albert P.— Pvt. MA. 
 Friel, Harry G.— Corp. KA September 12, 1918. 
 Fronczak, Frank— Pvt., Co. M, 310th Infantry. KA 
 
 October 16, 1918, St. Juvin. 
 Gadowski, Walenty— Pvt. DW December 9, 1918. 
 Gaffney, James H. — 2d-class Engineer, Naval Re- 
 serve. DD November 24, 1918, on board U. S. S. 
 "Genesee." 
 Gait, Alexander— Sgt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. DD 
 
 October, 1918, Argonne. 
 Gannon, Howard J — 2d-class Seaman, Naval Air 
 Service. DA November 26, 1918, France. Residence, 
 Hamburg. 
 Gantozi, Marcus — KA October, 1918, France. Resi- 
 dence, Lackawanaa. 
 Garbereno, John— Pvt., 307th Infantry. MA July 22, 
 
 1918. 
 Garrett, Taylor P.— Pvt., 69th Engineers. DW July 
 
 14, 1919, France. 
 Garus, Stephen — 77th Division. KA. 
 Geblein, Harry H.— Pvt., Co. H, 116th Engineers. KA 
 
 October 17, 1918. 
 Gee, Joseph T. — Pvt., Aviation Corps. DD. 
 Geier, Harvey H. — Sgt., Headquarters, 108th Infantry. 
 
 KA, September 30, 1918, Hindenburg Line. 
 Geiselhart, Charles A.— Sgt., 306th Infantry. DW. 
 Genhard, Joseph— Pvt. D. W. September 13, 1918 
 Georger, Arthur M. — Pvt., 302d Engineers. KA, Sep- 
 tember 6, 1918, Bazoches. 
 Gernold, August J.— Pvt., Co. K, 311th Infantry. KA, 
 
 October 28, 1918, Grand Pre. 
 Gerstein, Lou— Pvt., Co. E, 307th Infantry. DD. 
 Gianfranceschi, John F. — Pvt. DD November, 1918, 
 
 Fort Porter. 
 Giallela, John— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. DD Sep- 
 tember 30, 1918, Camp Dix. 
 Gies, Walter E.— Sgt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. KA 
 
 November 1, 1918, North of Grand Pre. 
 Giganti, Frank P.— Pvt., Co. D, 30th Infantry. KA 
 
 July 15, 1918, Marne. 
 Gilbride, Patrick — Pvt. KA, France. Residence, 
 
 Lackawanna. 
 Girio, Michael— Pvt., Infantry. MA October 18, 1918. 
 Glavin, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. D, 146th Infantry. KA 
 
 November 9, 1918. 
 Goetz, Frank— Pvt., 302d Field Signal Battalion. 
 Goetz, Louis— C. P. Officer, U. S. S. "Florence H." 
 
 Killed in explosion at sea, March 17, 1918. 
 Goldie, Harry G.— Pvt., 108th Infantry. KA Septem- 
 ber 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line. 
 Goldring, David— Pvt., Co. M, 7th Infantry. KA. 
 Goldthrop, Reginald A. — Pvt., Engineers. DW De- 
 cember 20, 1918. 
 Golonik, Bronislaus— Pvt. DD Oct. 8, 1918, Camp 
 Dix. 
 
Our Heroic Dead 
 
 499 
 
 Gorsky, Casimir— Pvt., U. S. M. C, DD November 
 
 14, 1918, France. 
 Gorny, John E. — 2d-class Seaman, Naval Reserve. DD. 
 Gosdek, William G.— Pvt., Co. A, 108th Infantry. 
 
 KA September 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line. 
 Goss, George F.— Pvt., Co. D, 305th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. DD November 9, 1918. 
 Gourlay, Charles J. — Able Seaman, U. S. S. "Acomo". 
 
 DD September 30, 1918, Staten Island. 
 Graham, Edward F. — 2d Lieut., Headquarters, 305th 
 
 Field Artillery. KA August 22, 1918, France. 
 Granneman, Arthur E. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. A, 37th 
 
 Engineers. DW .July 16, 1918. 
 Graves, Charles— Pvt. DD September 28, 1918, Dix. 
 
 Residence, East Aurora. 
 Graves, Justus W. — 417th Battalion. DD November 
 
 18, 1918. Residence, Clarence. 
 Green, George N.— Pvt., Co. F., 127th Infantry. DD 
 
 October 30, 1918. 
 Gregory, Gordon— Lieut., Co G, 306th Infantry. DW 
 
 October 15, 1918. 
 Griffith, Ben H.— Pvt. DD August 2, 1918, Hoboken. 
 
 Residence, Chaffee. 
 Gross, Frank A. — Seaman, Great Lakes. DD October 
 
 1918, Great Lakes. 
 Gross, George— Pvt., 9th Trench Motor Battery. DW 
 
 France. 
 Grossman, Joseph — U. S. S. "Martha Washington." 
 
 DD February 19, 1918, Brest. 
 Gristmaker, Raymond — Pvt., Co. A, 311th Infantry. 
 
 KA October 31, 1918, Argonne Forest. 
 Grove, Alvin W.— Pvt. DD. 
 
 Grove, Wm. L.— Sgt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. DD De- 
 cember 2, 1918, Lemoges, France. 
 Grow, Harvey C— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry. KA 
 
 November 5, 1918. 
 Gruchala, Walter— Pvt., Co. D, 18th Infantry. DW 
 
 October 11, 1918, France. 
 Grundkowski, Max— Corp., Co. C, 58th Infantry. KA 
 
 August 6, 1918, France. Residence, Farnham. 
 Gruntz, Albert L.— Corp. MA November 7, 1918. 
 Guest, Frank J. — Great Lakes. DD September 18, 
 
 1918, Great Lakes. 
 Guzzo, Giuseppi — Pvt., Infantry. KA September 20, 
 
 1918. 
 Gurzynski, Henry G.— Pvt., 108th Infantry. KA Octo- 
 ber 12, 1918. 
 Gylfe, Carl R.— DD. 
 Haag, Edward— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. DD 
 
 Dix, March 11, 1918. Residence, Eden. 
 Hagen, Fred H.— Pvt., Co. F, 147th Infantry. DD 
 
 France, November 3, 1918. 
 Hague, Arthur A. — KA. 
 Haiman, Adam — Cook, Co. I, 1st Division. DW 
 
 France, October 9, 1918. 
 Hake, Walter A.— Pvt., Co. M, 309th Infantry. KA 
 
 France. 
 Hakes, Burt D.— Corp., Co. B, 303d Engineers. DD 
 
 December 27, 1918. 
 Haley, Thomas J.— Pvt. KA France, October 21, 1918. 
 Hall, Edwin J.— Sgt. DD Home. 
 
 Hall, Harold— Pvt. MA France, November 7, 1918. 
 Halligan, William, T.— Sgt., Co. H, 7th Regiment. DW 
 
 France, October 9, 1918. 
 Halm, Charles N.— 347th Infantry. DD France. 
 Halter, Frank A.— Pvt. DW France, September 3, 
 
 1918. 
 Haman, Henry G. — U. S. Navy. Died at Sea, Novem- 
 ber 22, 1917. 
 Harder, Clarence J. — 77th Division. KA France. 
 Harrington, Karl G.— Corp., Co. 455, U. S. Medical 
 
 Corps. DD Paris Island, February 1, 1919. 
 Harris, Louis H.— Pvt. MA France, October 12, 1918. 
 Harrison, Beyer R.— Pvt., Co. B, 305th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. KA Argonne, October 3, 1918. 
 Harrison, Nathaniel G. — Pvt. KA France, October 
 
 3, 1918. 
 Harrison, Willis B. — Lieut., Medical Corps. DD Feb- 
 ruary 4, 1919. 
 Hart, Lewis W.— Pvt., Co. I, 68th Infantry. DD Camp 
 
 Sheridan, November, 1918. 
 Hartman, Lambert T.— Pvt. DD October 30, 1918. 
 Hartnett, Edward R. — Pvt. DD Jefl'erson Barracks, 
 
 Mo., November 8, 1918. 
 Haspel, Leo N. — Pvt. DD Jefferson Barracks, Mo., 
 
 November 8, 1918. 
 Hauser, Earl W.— Pvt., Co. C, 345th Infantry. DD 
 
 France, October 24, 1918. 
 Hay, Lawrence — KA France, August, 1918. 
 Hayes, Patrick F. — Corp. MA France. 
 Hayward, Walter, 77th Division. KA France. 
 Haywood, Edward L.— Corp., Co. C, 108th Infantry. 
 
 KA France, October 17, 1918, St. Souplet. 
 Healy, Mary — Nurse, Red Cross. DD Camp Upton. 
 Heerwagen, Fred A.— Pvt., Co. C, 18th Infantry. KA 
 
 France, July 18, 1918. 
 Heider, John M.— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. DD 
 
 Buffalo, September 25, 1918. 
 Helmer, Elton W. — Lieut., Canadian Flying Corps. 
 
 KA France, September 8, 1918. 
 Hendershott, WilHam C— Corp., Co. D, 303d Engi- 
 neers. DD France, October 29, 1918. 
 Henderson, Harry- Lieut. KA France, Oct. 16, 1918. 
 Hens, Norbert F.— Sgt., Co. H, 309th Infantry. KA 
 
 October 17, 1918, St. Juvin. 
 Herdt, Albert E.— Pvt., Co. 97, U. S. Machine Corps. 
 
 DD Coblenz, January 28, 1919. 
 Hezmalhalch, Arthur — Corp., Co. A, 113th Infantry. 
 
 KA France, October 11, 1918. 
 Hibbard, Curtis T.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. KA 
 
 Grand Pre, October 19, 1918. One of four brothers 
 
 in service. 
 Higgins, George F.— Pvt. DD Camp Dix, July 20, 
 
 1918. 
 Hilbert, William G.— Seaman, U. S. Navy. DD 
 
 League Island, September 22, 1918. 
 Hildebrand, George J.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. 
 
 KA St. Juvin, October 19, 1918. 
 Hill, Arthur D.— 303d Ammunition Train. DD Eng- 
 land, June 19, 1918. 
 Hillery, David J.— Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps. KA 
 France, July 11, 1918. 
 
500 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Hllliker, James R. — Pvt. DD at Camp. 
 
 Hilton, Frank H.— Pvt. DD Philadelphia Navy Yard, 
 
 October 3, 1918. 
 Hirtzel, George B.— Pvt., Co. G, 61st Infantry. DW 
 
 France, November 18, 1918. 
 Hoag, George— 302d Supply Train. DD France, De- 
 cember 18, 1918. Residence, Newstead. 
 Hitzel, Walter H.— DD Paris Island, October 29, 1918. 
 Hodge, Henry— Pvt., Co. E, 305th Field Artillery. DD 
 
 February 20, 1919. 
 Hodge, Howard J.— Pvt., Co. I, 108th Infantry. DW 
 
 France, October 27, 1918. Residence, Hamburg. 
 Hoeckh, Andrew E.— DD Camp Dix, September, 1918. 
 Hoerner, Jacob J.— Pvt., Co. I, 303d Infantry. DW 
 
 France, October 19, 1918. 
 Hoelcle, John J. — Pvt., 312th Ammunition Train. D 
 
 W France, October 24, 1918. 
 Hoffman, Andrew— Pvt., 106th Field Artillery. DD 
 
 Buffalo, January 2, 1918. 
 Hoffman, Clarence N. — U. S. Marine Corps. KA 
 
 France, September 15, 1918. 
 Hoffman, Chester E.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 
 KA Grand Pre, October 25, 1918. 
 Hohler, George H. — Pvt. KA France. 
 Hohman, Harold — Pvt. DD Camp Jackson, October 
 
 25, 1918. 
 Holbrook, Roy L.— Pvt., Co. F, 124th Infantry. Died, 
 
 Camp Mills, October 19, 1918. 
 Holman, Harold— Pvt. DD Camp Jackson, Nov. 2, 1918. 
 Hood, Robert S. — Seaman, U. S. Navy. Died at Sea. 
 Holtz, Frank F.— Sgt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. DW 
 
 Argonne, October 9, 1918. 
 
 Awarded D. S. C. for extraordinary heroism. 
 
 Holtz, John W.— Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps. KA France. 
 Hoppel, Charles J.— Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps. DD 
 
 Paris Island, November 7, 1918. 
 Hopper, Wilfred H. — Machinist's Mate, U. S. Navy. 
 
 DD Great Lakes, September 21, 1918. 
 Horan, Daniel — Pvt. DD. Residence, Tonawanda. 
 Horan, Robert — Pvt. DD. Residence, Tonawanda. 
 Horseshorer, Michael Z. — DD Camp Beauregard. 
 Horton, George H.— Corp., Co. D, 108th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. KA France, September 29, 1918. 
 Houpt, George Knight — American Ambulance Corps. 
 
 DD France, July 22, 1918. 
 Hourt, Elmer S.— Corp., Co. L, 108th Infantry. DW 
 
 England, September 29, 1918. 
 House, Roy — Pvt., Co. C, 312th Ammunition Train. 
 
 DD November 29, 1918. 
 Howard, Raymond J. — Pvt., Co. A, 18th Infantry. KA 
 
 France, September, 1918. 
 Howard, Walter E.— Pvt., Co. H, 26th Infantry. KA 
 
 France, July 21, 1918. 
 Howell, Charles W.— Sgt., Battery E, 314th Field 
 
 Artillery. DD Camp Lee, Va., March 23, 1918. 
 Hudgins, Harry B.— Pvt. DD December 2, 1918. 
 Hughes, Osborn W. — Pvt. KA France. 
 Humbert, Louis A. — Pvt., Co. L, 311 Infantry. KA 
 
 Talma Ferme, October 24, 1918. 
 Hunt, John R.— Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps. DW France, 
 
 September 20, 1918. 
 
 Huntzinger, Howard— Sgt., Co. F, 309th Infantry. DW 
 
 France, November 1, 1918. 
 Hyams, Leo A.— Pvt., Co. C, 336th Machine Gun Bat- 
 talion. DD France, December 9, 1918. 
 Hyde, William — Sgt. KA France. 
 Jackson, Oliver P. — 2d Lieut., Aviation Instructor. K 
 
 Mt. Clemens, October 29, 1918. 
 Johncox, Ralph R.— Pvt., 108th Infantry. DW France 
 
 October. 
 Janecko, Michael — Pvt. KA. 
 Jerome, Michael — Pvt. KA. 
 Johnson, Oscar P. — Pvt., Headquarters, 304th Field 
 
 Artillery. KA September 15, 1918. 
 Johnson, Elmer — Sgt. KA France. 
 Johnson, Bert — Pvt., 10th Canadian. KA Cambrai. 
 Johnson, Harold F.— Pvt., Co. B, 310th Infantry. DD 
 
 September 16, 1918. 
 Kastel, Albert M. — Pvt. KA France. Res. Concord. 
 Jordan, John A.— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. DW France, October 15, 1918. 
 Kayes, Joe E.— Pvt., Infantry. DW October 14, 1918. 
 Kaczmarek, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. C, 311th Infantry. 
 
 KA October 16, 1918, Grand Pre. 
 Keller, Joseph E.— Pvt., S. P. U. 4-29. DD Dec. 8, 1918. 
 Keller, Lambert— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry. KA 
 
 Fort McHenry. 
 Kellogg, John W.— Corp., Co. M, 311th Infantry. KA 
 
 Bois de Bourgoyne, October 25, 1918. 
 Kerlin, Wesley— Pvt., Co. D, 7th Field Artillery. Died 
 
 January 26, 1918, Texas. 
 Kermebrook, Stanley — 2d-class Seaman. DD March 
 
 10, 1918. 
 
 Kelly or Kedley, John V. — Capt., Engineers. 
 Kendall, Robert E. — 1st Lieut., 303d Ammunition 
 
 Train. DD August 7, 1919, Dix. 
 Kerstetter, Charles— Pvt. DW. 
 Kiefhabler, Conrad F.— Pvt., Co. K, 308th Infantry. 
 
 KA August 22, 1918, Vesle River. 
 Kielland, Casper M. — 1st Lieut., Aviation. KA July 
 
 11, 1918, Tours. 
 
 Kiernan, Fred N.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. KA 
 
 October 18, 1918, Argonne Forest. 
 Killeen, Henry Stend — Corp., Engineers. DD Camp 
 
 Meade. 
 Kinderman, Martin A. — Corp. DD. 
 Kimmins, Winfield B.— U. S. Marine Corps. KA Oc- 
 tober 30, 1918, Argonne. 
 Kindt, Edward W.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. KA 
 
 September 24, 1918, Bois St. Claude, St. Mihiel. 
 Kirby, James J.— Pvt., 11th N. Y. Engineers. DD 
 
 February 1, 1919, France. 
 Kirch, Henry W.— Pvt. DD Prior to October 25, 1918, 
 
 Camp, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 Kirkpatrick, James W. — DW France. 
 Kirschmeyer, Lauretta, Supervisor, Telephone Service. 
 
 Died October 10, 1918, Washington. 
 Kirschner, Fred W.— Pvt. MA. 
 Klaffka, John— Pvt., Co. K, 306th Infantry. KA. 
 Klaiber, Christ J.— Corp., Co. H, 311th Infantry. KA 
 
 September 21, 1918, Vieville. 
 Klaiber, Paul— Pvt. KA. 
 
Our Heroic Dead 
 
 501 
 
 Klein, Sidney S. DW France. 
 
 Klemp, Joseph W. — Corp. KA France. 
 
 Kloss, Anthony, Co. E, 328th Infantry. DW Argonne 
 
 October 27, 1918. 
 Knapp, Estelle — Nurse. Red Cross. DD France. 
 Kobinski, John — Pvt. DW France. 
 Koch, Robert L.— Pvt. Co. H, 346th Inf. DD. Resi- 
 dence, Tonawanda. 
 Koelbl, Joseph N.~Pvt. DD Fort Ontario, May 20, 1 91 9 . 
 Kohl, John F.— Pvt. DD Jefferson Barracks, Mo. 
 Kohler, John W.— Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry. KA 
 
 France. Residence, Tonawanda. 
 Kolbe, Henry E.— Pvt., 18th Infantry. DW France. 
 Komisarek, Joseph — Pvt. DW. 
 Kotkowski, Piotr — MA. 
 
 Kowalewski, Walter— Pvt., 133d Infantry. DD. 
 Kowalsky, John — Corp., Co. A, 104th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. AD Spartanburg, S. C, April 13, 1918. 
 Kozak, Stanislaus— Pvt., U. S. M. C. KA France. 
 Kozlowski, John — Pvt. MA. 
 Krell, George— Pvt. AD. 
 Kreutzer, George— Corp. 302d Eng. KA Vesle, Aug. 20, 
 
 1918. 
 Kriedeman, Louis E. — Pvt., Co. D, 108th Infantry. 
 
 KA September 29, Hindenburg Line. 
 Krieger, Edward L. — Co. 95, U. S. Marine Corps, 6th 
 
 Regiment. KA June 16, 1918, France. 
 Krone, Joseph — Pvt. Killed in Camp, .June, 1918. 
 
 Residence, Lackawanna. 
 Kubiak, Vincent — Pvt. MA. 
 Kuchenbeiser, Wm. M.— Pvt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. 
 
 KA October 16, 1918, Argonne. Residence, Aurora. 
 Kuckowski, Alexander — Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. 
 
 DW September 28, 1918, St. Mihiel. 
 Kufhaber, Conrad F.— Pvt., Co. K, 308th Infantry. 
 
 Killed August 22, 1918, Vesle. 
 Kuhn, Louis W. — Corp. MA. 
 Kuhnke, Adolph F.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. 
 
 KA Chevieres, October 17, 1918. 
 Kummer, Harry H. — Lieut. KA France. 
 Kwitatkowski, Stanley — Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. 
 
 KA September 5, France. 
 Kurtzholz, Charles— Pvt., Co. K, 311th Infantry. KA 
 
 November 1, 1918, France. Residence, Springbrook. 
 La Duca, Natal N.— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. DD 
 
 January 17, 1919, France. 
 Laffin, Martin H.— Pvt., 306th Inf. KA Oct., 6, 1918. 
 Lambert, Charles E.— Sgt., Co. E, 309th Infantry. 
 
 DW November 1, 1918, Argonne Forest. 
 Lamm, George — Pvt., 7th Infantry. KA France. 
 Lanahan, Raymond J.— Pvt. . 35th Squadron 3d Prov. 
 
 DD Camp MacArthur. 
 Lancer, James J.— Pvt., A. S. S. C. DW. 
 Laforanara, Antonia. MA. 
 Lang, Frank — Pvt. KA. 
 Lankes, Anthony G.— Pvt., Co. B, 18th Infantry. KA 
 
 November, 1918. 
 Lano, Joe — U. S. S. "Nevada." 
 La Porte, Frank— Pvt. DD. 
 
 La Prell, Joseph— Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps. KA Octo- 
 ber 4, 1918, Argonne. 
 
 La Rue, Arthur J.— Pvt., 7th Battery 26, 123d D. B. 
 DD September 29, 1918, Camp. 
 
 Lazter, Wendelin -Pvt., Co. M, 327th Infantry. DD 
 November 29, 1917, Camp Gordon. 
 
 Laurencell, Harry J. — Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. 
 KA September 24, 1918, St. Mihiel. 
 
 Laws, Cyril, Merel— Pvt., U. S. S. "Galveston." DD 
 September 23, 1918. 
 
 Lautz, Carl J.— Sgt. Maj. DD .July 16, 1918, France. 
 
 Leary, Cornelius D. — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. DD 
 October 6, 1917, Camp Dix. 
 
 Lehen, .John H.— Pvt. KA September 19, 1918. 
 
 Lehr, Peter— Pvt., Machine Gun, 61st Infantry. DW 
 , France. 
 
 Leprell, Ambrose J. — Pvt. KA. 
 
 Lesnowski, Stanley J. — Pvt., 125th Infantry. DW 
 June 4, 1918. 
 
 Le Roy, Lawrence H. — Pvt. MA. 
 
 Lewenicht, Louis— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Infantry. KA. 
 
 Leuthe, Clarence P. — Corp., Co. A, 61st Infantry. KA 
 November 7, 1918. 
 
 Liberty, Rosario — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. DD 
 October 1, 1918, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Liebeck, Otto H.— Pvt., Co. K, 108th Infantry. KA 
 September 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line. 
 
 Liebler, Earl N.— Pvt., Co. C, 18th Infantry. DW 
 March 28, 1918, France. 
 
 Lighthart, George S.— Corp., 108th Infantry. DW 
 September 30, 1918, La Mans, France. Residence, 
 Fort Erie, Ont. 
 
 Loder, Fred W.— Pvt. KA Flanders. 
 
 Lodowski, Joseph — KA. 
 
 Lombardo, Joseph— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. DW 
 October 20, 1918, Grand Pre. 
 
 Lothrop, Thompson — 1st Lieut., Motor Division. DD 
 Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 Lowery, William — 77th Division. Killed. 
 
 Luber, Michael J.— Pvt., Co. K, 310th Infantry. KA 
 October 16, 1918, Grand Pre. 
 
 Ludwig, Leo M— Pvt., 138th Field Artillery. DD Octo- 
 ber 18, 1918, England. 
 
 Lunard, Carl— Sgt., Co. D, 108th Infantry. KA Sep- 
 tember 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line. 
 
 Lunde Carl A.— Sgt., 108th Inf. MA August 20, 1918. 
 
 Luprell, Joseph — Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps. KA Octo- 
 ber, 4, 1918. 
 
 Luscolaskic, Louis — Army. KA October, 1918, France. 
 
 Lutz, Edward — Pvt., Co. D, 3d Machine Gun Battalion. 
 KA May 28, 1918, Cantigny, France. 
 
 Lutz, John E.— Pvt., 108th Field Artillery. DW Octo- 
 ber 27, 1918, France. 
 
 Lynch, Hugh E. — 77th Division. KA. 
 
 MacArthur, John — Lieut. KA Reported Killed, De- 
 cember, 1918; missing, October 23, 1918. 
 
 Cited for heroism. Awarded D. S. C. and badge of Legion of Honor. 
 BufTalo"Acp" first aviator of the 27th Aero Squadron to bring 
 down Hun plane. 
 
 Macikowski, John— Sgt., Co. 84, 6th U. S. Marine 
 
 Corps. KA July 19, 1918, France. 
 Mack, Griswold — KA France. 
 Mackay, Harold G.— Lieut., Co. I, 108th Infantry. 
 
 KA September 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line. 
 
502 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Mackiner, Herbert — 77th Division. KA. 
 
 Mackmer, Herbert W.— Pvt., Co. A, 305th Infantry. 
 
 KA September 27, 1918, Meurrosons, D. S. C, 
 
 France. (Argonne Forest.) 
 
 Extraordinary heroism, covered withdrawal of exposed platoon 
 in face of hostile fire and protected his position, sacrificing his life. 
 
 MacMillan, Archibald — Sgt., Air Service. DD Feb- 
 ruary 19, 1918. Residence, Aurora. 
 Maczmarek Frank J. — Pvt. KA. 
 Madison, Olaf— Pvt., Co. A, 309th Infantry. KA Octo- 
 ber 20, 1918, Grand Pre. 
 Magnet, Glen E. — Chief Engineer, U. S. "Cyclops." 
 
 Drowned when ship was torpedoed. 
 Maher, Joseph A. — Pvt. DI San Antonio, Tex. 
 Mahoney, James— ^Pvt., Co. K, 307th Infantry. KA 
 
 September 14, 1918. 
 Makowiecki, Boleslaw — Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. 
 
 KA September 26, 1918, St. Mihiel. 
 Malecki, Edmund E. — Pvt., Machine Gun Company, 
 
 DD October 2, 1918, Camp Dix, N. J. 
 Maley, Joseph A.— Pvt. Co. F, 23d. DD (Hospital), 
 
 France. 
 Malican, Frank A.— Pvt., Co. A, 108th Infantry. KA 
 
 September 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line. 
 Mallion, John A.— Pvt., Co. 47, 5th U. S. Marine Corps. 
 
 KA September 15, 1918, France. 
 Maloney, Thomas J.— Pvt., Co. B, 310th Tank Center. 
 
 DD France. 
 Mang, Edward R.— Pvt., Co. A, 18th Infantry. KA 
 
 October 4, 1918, Argonne. 
 Mann, Harold L. — Instructor. DD September 28, 
 
 1918, Camp Dix. 
 Manness, Arthur J. — Pvt., Ordnance. DD October 26, 
 
 1918. 
 Maroney, John L. — Corp. KA November 5, 1918. 
 Martin, George E.— U. S. Navy. DD October 2, 1918, 
 
 Great Lakes Training Station, 111. 
 Martin, James P.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. KA 
 
 October 17, 1918, Grand Pre. 
 Martin, Steward W.— Pvt., 108th Infantry. KA Sep- 
 tember 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line. 
 Martin, Russell I— Pvt., Co. K, 108th Infantry. KA 
 
 September 28, 1918, Hindenburg Line. 
 Martini, Charles— Pvt. DW. 
 Mason, Melchor W. — Corp., Supply, 307th Infantry. 
 
 KA October 13, 1918, France. 
 Mass, Abraham, 77th Division. KA. 
 Massey, Walter. DD Buffalo Camp. 
 Massucci, Anthony — Pvt. Killed in accident at Camp. 
 Mattews, John J.— Corp., Co. I, 108th Infantry. KA 
 
 September 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line. 
 Matthews, Norman O. — Pvt., Australian Exp. Forces. 
 
 Died January, 1915, Egypt. 
 Mattone, Domenico — Pvt. DD Lackawanna. 
 Mattz, Herman — Sgt., Co. 49, U. S. Marine Corps. 
 
 5th Infantry. KA. 
 Matuszcaak, Lawrence A. — Pvt. MA. 
 Mayer, John V.— Pvt. DD October 2, 1918, Great 
 
 Lakes Training Station, 111. 
 Meosi, Phillip— Pvt. DD October, 1918, Camp Slocum 
 
 N.J. 
 
 Meoro, Thomas — Pvt. AD (Aeroplane accident). 
 
 McAllister, Clarence — Navy. D Lost at Sea. Resi- 
 dence, Akron. 
 
 McAllister, William — 77th Division. KA. Residence, 
 Tonawanda, N. Y. 
 
 McAlone, William J.— Corp. DD December, 1918, 
 Fort Porter, N. Y. 
 
 McCarthy, Joseph F. — 1st Lieut., Q. M. C. Stevedores. 
 DD September 25, 1918, France. 
 
 McCormick, Henry L.— Pvt., 306th Machine Gun Bat- 
 talion. KA September 6, 1918, Vesle. 
 
 McCreary, Donald K.— Pvt., Co. 96, 6th Marines. 
 KA July 19, 1918, Soissons. Residence, Aurora. 
 
 McCreary, J. B., Y. M. C. A. Secretary. Killed July 
 
 15, 1918, Prague, Germany (AD) (Official report, 
 April 1, 1919.) 
 
 McDonald, Edward J. — Corp., Infantry. MA October 
 
 16, 1918. 
 
 McDonald, John J. — Red Cross Transport Service. 
 DD October 13, 1918. 
 
 McDonald, Samuel J.— Pvt., Co. D, 106th Field Ar- 
 tillery. DD March 22, 1919, Hoboken, after return 
 from France. 
 
 McDonough, John J. — KA. 
 
 McDonough, Leo M. — Pvt., Co. 3, 49th Squadron. 
 DD February 6, 1918, Waco, Tex. 
 
 McDonough, John J. — KA. 
 
 McDevitt, Earl— 77th Division. KA. 
 
 McGuire, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. A, 108th Infantry. 
 G and W October 17, 1918, Sambre Canal. DD (pneu- 
 monia), November 16, 1918, Winchester, Eng. 
 
 McGraw, Willard J.— Sgt., Co. K., 51 Pioneers. DD 
 March 2, 1919, Germany. 
 
 Mclntyre, William B.— Sgt. DD October 12, 1918, 
 Aberdeen Proving Grounds, Aberdeen, Md. 
 
 McKaig, Joseph— Pvt. Co. 116th, 6th P. R. KA Sep- 
 tember 29, 1918, Cambrai. 
 
 McKinley, Andrew A. — Pvt. KA. 
 
 McKnight, Raymond— Pvt., Co. I, 108th Infantry. 
 W and G. DW November 23, 1918. 
 
 McLeary, James — Pvt. MA. 
 
 McMahon, W. R. — 77th Division. KA Residence, 
 Tonawanda, N. Y. 
 
 McMillan, Nelson L. — Pvt. DD Camp Funston. Resi- 
 dence, Aurora. 
 
 McMillan, Ross L.— Corp. KA August 11, 1918, near 
 Fismes. 
 
 McQuaid, James C. — Corp., 6th Can. Rifle Corps. KA. 
 
 McSweeney, Gerard F.— Pvt., Co. 49th, 5th U. S. 
 Marine Corps. KA November 11, 1918, Argonne 
 Forest, France. 
 
 Measor, John W.— Pvt., Co. E, 108th Infantry. KA 
 September 29, 1918, Le Catelet. 
 
 Miamo, Frank L.— DD September 25, 1918, Great 
 Lakes Training Station. 
 
 Michaels, Francis E. 
 
 Michel, .Jerome— Pvt., Co. L, 308th Infantry. DW 
 September 9, 1918, Base No. 110. 
 
 Mielka, Fred L.— Corp. Co.8, 5th U.S. Marine Corps. KA. 
 
 Mikowski, Stephen— Pvt., Co. F, 306th Regt. KA. 
 
 Miller, Charles M.— Pvt., KA Infantry. Oct.21,1918. 
 
Our Heroic Dead 
 
 503 
 
 Miller, Frederick, Corp. DD. 
 
 Miller, Roscoe C. — Pvt., Machine Gun, 74th Trans- 
 ferred to Motor Machine Division. AD February 27, 
 
 1919, France. 
 Miller, Stanislaus J.— Pvt., Co. E, 61st Infantry. KA 
 
 October 13, 1918. 
 Miller, Stephen— Pvt. MA. 
 Miller, Walter— Pvt., 12th Infantry. DD January 19, 
 
 1918. Residence, Newstead. 
 Mills, Frank— Pvt., Co. I, 308th Infantry. Died in 
 
 prison camp, at Limberg, Germany, report of War 
 
 Department, December 20, 1918. 
 Minsterman, Albert M. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 DD November, 1918, Jacksonville, Florida. 
 Minsterman, Julius E. — Sgt., 179th Aero Squadron. 
 
 DD October 14, 1918, Brooks Field, Texas. 
 Mol, Michael— Corp., Co. B, 40th Infantry. DD No- 
 vember, 1918, Camp Custer, Michigan. 
 Moll, Fred W.— Pvt., Co. B, 327th Infantry. DW 
 
 September 12, 1918, France. Residence, Ebenezer. 
 Monsees Edward— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. KA 
 
 October 28, 1918, Grand Pre. 
 Montie, Frederick J. — Corp., Co. I, 306th Machine 
 
 Gun Battalion. KA September 8, 1918, Vesle. 
 Montz, Albert E.— DD. 
 
 Moore, Arthur R. — Pvt., Aviation, K Gastner Field, Tex. 
 Mootz, Eugene W. — Seaman, Navy. Lost at Sea, Sep- 
 tember 30, 1918. Was on U. S. S. "Ticonderoga," 
 
 and lost his life when ship sank, after being torpedoed. 
 Mose, William, Jr.— Co. F, 307th Infantry. DD 
 
 March 20, 1918, Camp Upton. 
 Moran, Charles V. — Sgt., Utilities Detachment. AD 
 
 August 5, 1918. Drowned at Camp Dix, N. Y. 
 Morgan, James M. — Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. KA 
 
 September 26, 1918, Argonne. 
 Morgan, Thomas L.— Pvt., Co. I, 346th Infantry. DD 
 
 December 4, 1918, France. 
 Moritz, Jacob C— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. AD 
 
 September 17, 1918, St. Mihiel. 
 Morris, Patrick— Pvt. 360th Inf. KA October 14,1918, 
 
 Argonne. 
 Muench, Christ L.— Pvt. KA October 12, 1918. 
 Mundee, John D. — 77th Division. KA Residence, 
 
 Tonawanda, N. Y. 
 Murphy, Christopher P. — Corp., Co. G, 108th Infantry. 
 
 KA France, Sept. 29, Hindenburg Line. 
 Murray, Daniel A.— Sgt., Co. I, 108th Infantry. Died 
 
 of accident, Buffalo, December 24, 1917. 
 Murray, Daniel J.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. KA 
 
 September 20, 1918, St. Mihiel. 
 Murray, Raymond L. — Pvt. KA. 
 Murray, Roy Q.— 102d Eng. KA Oct. 17, 1918, France. 
 Nabbruch, John— Pvt. KA. 
 Naegely, Max 0.— Pvt., 305th Infantry. KA. 
 Nagy, Ali— Pvt., Co. F, 309th Infantry. KA November 
 
 1, 1918, Bois des Loges. 
 Nattress, Douglas — 1st Sgt., Co. B, 541st Engineers. 
 
 DD France. 
 Neary, P. J.— KA. 
 
 Nebrid, Edward P.— Pvt., Co. A, 2d Detachment, 2d 
 Regiment, Eng. E. M. P. DD Oct. 1918, Fort Harrison. 
 
 Nehring, Charles R.— Pvt. DD October 18, 1918. 
 Neitizbie, John — 77th Division. KA. 
 Neidrauer, Jerome E — Pvt. DD. 
 
 Nelson, Arthur— Sgt., Co. G, 309th Infantry. KA Sep- 
 tember 17, 1918, St. Mihiel. 
 Nervin, Anthony— Pvt. KA October 18, 1918. 
 Newell, Loren E. — U. S. Marine Corps. KA June 7, 
 
 1918. Residence, Eden. 
 Newman, Frederick A. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Missing (after collision of seaplane off Fire Island, 
 August 24, 1918). 
 Nicholson, William H. — Pvt., Medical Corps. DD 
 
 September 30, 1918, Camp Dix, N. J. 
 Nicosia, Michael — Pvt. MA. 
 Niemiec, Andrew — Pvt. DD November 9, 1918, Camp 
 
 Dix, N. J. 
 Niespodziany, Kazimer — Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. 
 
 KA October 16, 1918, Chevieres. 
 Noveck, Harry — Pvt., Ordnance Department. DD. 
 Nolan, Martin F., Dr.— DD October 8, 1918, France. 
 Nyhart, Herbert E.— Pvt., Co. M, 108th Infantry. 
 
 DW October 20, 1918. Residence, Eden. 
 Oakley, Arley — Pvt. DW France. 
 O'Brien, Albert — Pvt., Student's Army Training Corps, 
 
 Canisius. DD Buffalo, October 18, 1918. 
 O'Brien, Hugh J.— Corp. DD February 24, 1919. 
 O'Connor, Frank A. — Pvt., Co. L, 4th Engineers. DD 
 
 Camp Humphreys, Va., October 25, 1918. 
 O'Donnell, Henry V.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 DD June 11, 1919, Buffalo. (Five days after return- 
 ing home, this boy lost his mind.) 
 O'Donnell, John G.— Corp., Co. B, 108th Infantry. 
 
 KA September 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line. 
 O'Loughlin, Francis S.— Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry. 
 
 DW France, October 21, 1918. 
 O'Neil Chester — Seaman. DD Great Lakes. Residence, 
 
 Hamburg. 
 O'Neil, John T.— Pvt. KA France. 
 Ortleib, Theodore— Pvt., Co. K, 306th Infantry. DW 
 
 France, November 28, 1918. 
 Orzejivas, John — Pvt. DW France. 
 Osborne, Alfred J.— Corp., Co. G, 18th Infantry. DW 
 
 France, October 19, 1918. 
 Ostrich, Andrew. DD Residence, Lackawanna. 
 Ostrowski, Francis S. — Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 
 DW France. 
 Ostwald, Albert F. (M. D.) DD October, 1918. 
 Ott, John— Pvt., Co. I, 346th Infantry. DD. Resi- 
 dence, Tonawanda. 
 Padgueski, George — Pvt. DD Camp Dix. 
 Pankow, Edwin E. A. — Pvt., 304th Mechanic's Repair 
 
 Shop. Killed Houston. Texas, May 14, 1918. 
 Palerno, Pasquale — Pvt., 311th Infantry. MA France. 
 Palmatier, Fred M.— Pvt. DD February 24, 1919. 
 Parker, Harold D. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 55 Pio- 
 neers. DD France, October 7, 1918. 
 Parmenter, Wallace — Pvt., 302d Engineers. KA France, 
 
 August 18, 1918, Vesle. 
 Paulik, John— Pvt. MA France, October 5, 1918. 
 Pawlak, Stanislaw— Pvt., Co. E., 311th Infantry. KA 
 November 1, 1918, Grand Pre. 
 
504 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Pbschylski, Valentine— U. S. S. "Van Steuben." AD. 
 Pearson, Edward R.— Corp., Co. D. 311th Infantry. 
 
 KA September 26, 1918, Vieville-en-Haye. 
 Pempsell, Joseph J.— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry. 
 
 KA France, September 27, 1918. Argonne. 
 Penjka, Joseph— Pvt., MA October 15, 1918. 
 Petrie, Edwin S.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry. KA 
 
 October 15, 1918, St. Juvin. 
 Pewinski, Joseph— Pvt., Co. C, 30th Infantry. DD 
 
 Camp Hancock, Ga., October 15, 1918. 
 Pfeiffer, Elmer A. — Pvt. MA France. 
 Phillips, Walter J.— Corp., Co. E, 309th Infantry. 
 
 DW November 2, 1918, Grand Pre. 
 Pierce, Edward P.— Pvt., Co. D, 108th Infantry KA 
 
 France, September 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line. 
 Pierson, Oliver M. — Pvt. Died Camp Syracuse, Sep- 
 tember 28, 1918. 
 Piper, Orin B.— Pvt., Co. G, 309th Infantry. KA 
 
 October 17, 1918, St. Juvin. 
 Plaskawiecki, Julius — Pvt. DW France. 
 Piatt, Lawrence H.— Major, Co. E, 309th Infantry. 
 
 KA France, September 17, 1918. St. Mihiel. 
 Plumann, William— Pvt., Co. H, 307th Infantry. DW 
 
 France. 
 Plewa, Joseph— Pvt. DD September 28, 1918. 
 Plewacki, Adam — Pvt., 23d Infantry. KA France, 
 
 April 3, 1918. 
 Plimpton, Chester H. — Lieut. KA France, September 
 
 27, 1918. 
 Poducski, George— Pvt. DD Camp Dix, Oct. 16, 1918. 
 Potter, Russell H., Jr. — Lieut., 558th Ambulance Sec- 
 tion. KA. 
 Potter, Sanford — Lieut. DD Camp Zachary Taylor, 
 
 October 17, 1918. 
 Potter, Stephen — Ensign, U. S. N. Aviation. Killed in 
 
 air battle, April 25, 1918. 
 Prigge, John — Pvt., 311th Infantry. KA France, Octo- 
 ber 26, 1918. 
 Przekwas, John — Pvt. DW France, December 14, 1918. 
 Prezimielewski, Vincent — Pvt. MA France. 
 Pucci, Tony— Pvt., Co. K, 311th Infantry. KA Octo- 
 ber 25, 1918, Grand Pre. 
 Pusaten, Frank— Ist-class Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. 
 
 KA France, August, 1918. Vesle. 
 Putman, David R. — Lieut., Aviation Corps. Killed in 
 
 air battle. 
 Putman, Warren — Corp. MA France. 
 Quick, L. George— Corp., Co. F, 325th Infantry. DW 
 
 France, October 7, 1918. 
 Quinn, Eric D.— Pvt., Co. 16, 5th U. S. M. KA France 
 
 June 24, 1918. 
 Racinowski, Stanley — Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps. KA 
 
 France, November 2, 1918. 
 Radzio, Antonio — Pvt., 311th Infantry. DD France, 
 
 December 18, 1919. 
 Rambath, Charles E. — Pvt., Marines. DD Gallops 
 
 Island, September 28, 1918. 
 Ranney, Robert J.— Pvt., Base Hospital No. 23. DD 
 
 September 21, 1918. 
 Rappold, Albert L. — Pvt. KA France. 
 Rath, Edward C— Pvt. 307th Infantry. DW France. 
 
 Raymond, Edwin F. AD France, July 15, 1918. 
 
 Raymond, Edward L. — Pvt. DD. 
 
 Rebman, George W.— Pvt., Battalion B, 14th Field 
 
 Artillery. DD Camp Jackson, October, 1918. 
 Rebman or Redman, George W. — Pvt., Battalion B, 
 
 14th Field Artillery. DD Camp Jackson, Oct. 1918. 
 Reddan, Christopher K.— Sgt., Machine Gun, 108th 
 
 Infantry. AD May 11, 1919, Buffalo. 
 Redman, John H. — Pvt., Engineers. DD France, Jan- 
 uary 30, 1918. 
 Redmond, J. — Canadian Expeditionary Force. MA 
 
 France, October 30, 1918. 
 Rekon, Max — Co. B, 18th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 
 DW France, October 18, 1918. 
 Reilly, Francis J.— Pvt., Co. I, 311th Infantry. DW 
 
 October 26, 1918, Grand Pre. 
 Reister, Edward— DD Camp Dix, October 2, 1918. 
 Renski, John J.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Inf. MA France. 
 Rentsch, George P.— Corp., Co. F, 309th Infantry. 
 
 KA November 1, 1918, Bois des Loges. 
 Reynolds (Rev.), J. P.— 0. M. I. Lost at Sea. 
 Reynolds, Robert N.— Musician, 153d D. B. DD Camp 
 
 Dix, September 27, 1918. Residence, Springville. 
 Rice, Victor M (M. D.)— Capt., Medical Corps. DD 
 
 Camp Greenleaf, October 6, 1918. 
 Ricketts, Jack R. — Corp., Headquarters Co., 108th 
 
 Infantry. KA France, October 13, 1918, St. Souplet. 
 Ritter, Frank A.— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. DW 
 
 France, September 15, 1918. 
 Roberts, Leon J.— Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps. DW 
 
 France, April, 1918. 
 Robertson, Philip — Lieut., 65th Squadron, R. A. F. F. 
 
 Killed in air battle, June 10, 1918. 
 Rodenberg, Joseph A. — Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. 
 
 KA September 26, 1918. St. Mihiel. 
 Roche, John M.— Pvt. DW France, July 20, 1918. 
 Rohauer, John C— Pvt. DD Camp Dix, Oct. 4, 1918. 
 Roeder, George — DD. Residence, Tonawanda. 
 Roos, James J. (D. S. C.)— Lieut. (Act. Capt.i, Co. B, 
 
 108th Infantry. KA France, October 17, 1918. 
 
 D. S. C. for heroism at La Selle River. 
 
 Rosehart, Henry J.— Pvt., Co. B, Battalion 13. DD 
 
 Fort Niagara, October 10, 1918. 
 Rosen, Maurice — Pvt. DD. 
 Ross, Albert J.— Sgt., 108th Infantry. KA France, 
 
 September 28, 1918, Hindenburg Line. 
 Ross, Harold B. — Capt. KA France, September 16, 1918. 
 Ross, Lawrence F. — MA France. 
 Roth, Alfred E.— Auto-Motor Designer, Q. M. C. DD 
 
 Washington, September 27, 1918. 
 Roth, Fred J.— Chief Mech., 106th Field Artillery. DD 
 
 Hoboken, March 24, 1919. 
 Rothbarth, Walter J.— Pvt., Co. E, 347th Infantry. 
 
 DD France, October 18, 1918. 
 Royce, George H. — Pvt., 108th Infantry. KA France, 
 
 September 29, 1918. Hindenburg. 
 Ruhling, Joseph V.— Pvt. DW France, Sept. 30, 1918. 
 Rumge, W. E. — 77th Division. KA France. 
 Russow, Fred C— Pvt., Co. C, 61st Infantry. KA 
 
 France, November 7, 1918. Residence, Orchard Park. 
 Ruth, Nicholas J.— Pvt. DD France, Nov. 22, 1918. 
 
Our Heroic Dead 
 
 505 
 
 Ryder, Edward — Pvt., 215 Lincolnshire Regiment. KA 
 
 France. 
 Sabin, Gerald— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Eng. KA Vesle. 
 Sabata, Paul. KA France. Residence, Concord. 
 Sager, Gail H.— Corp., 108th Infantry. KA September 
 
 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line. 
 Santera, Gerardo— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. KA 
 
 October 19, 1918, Grand Pre. 
 Santa Maria, Samuel — Pvt. DD in Camp. Residence, 
 
 Lancaster. 
 Salisbury, Edgar N.—Sgt., 331st, Infantry. DD April 6 
 
 1919, Camp Dix. Residence, Hamburg. 
 Saurish, Wm.— Pvt., 311th Infantry. DD June 24, 
 
 1918, Dix. Residence, Clarence. 
 Saar, Martin— Pvt., Co. B, 308th Machine Gun Bat- 
 talion. KA September 25, 1918, Jaulny. 
 Sawyer, William E.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. KA 
 
 October 28, 1918, Talma Ferme. 
 Saxe, Jeremiah J., Jr. — Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry. 
 
 KA September 6, 1918. 
 Schabe, Charles J.— Pvt. DD November 1, 1918, Camp 
 
 Wheeler. 
 Schaefer, John M.— Pvt. KA. 
 Schaeffer, Howard E.— Pvt. MA. 
 Schaus, Martin J.— Pvt., Co. E, 328th Infantry. DW 
 
 October 19, 1918, France. Residence, Hamburg. 
 Schenck, Frank A.— Pvt. DW. 
 Schenckenberger, Joseph — Pvt. DD Prior to October 
 
 28, 1918, at Camp Jackson, S. C. 
 Schieffa, Oscar W.— Pvt. MA. 
 Schiefer, Jacob— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. MA 
 
 September 26, 1918, St. Mihiel. 
 Schlant, Albert C— Pvt., Q. M. C, Motor Truck 
 
 Drivers. DD September 26, 1918. 
 Schlosser, Arthur L. — Capt., Co. G, 111th Infantry. KA 
 
 September 29,''l918. 
 Schmidlin, Charles — Corp. DW. 
 Schmidt, Edward F.— Pvt. KA October 15, 1918. 
 Schmitt, Max S.— Pvt., Co. D, 147th Infantry. KA 
 
 Belgium, November 1, 1918. 
 Schneeberger, Nicholas H. — Pvt., Co. A, 14th Field 
 Artillery. DD Camp Jackson, S. C. 
 Schochet, Morris — Pvt. KA. 
 Schohm, Eugene C. — Naval Res. DD October 14, 
 
 1918, England. 
 Schroder, George E. — Pvt., Signal School. DD October 
 
 10, 1918, Camp Gordon, Ga. 
 Schreiner, Edwin S.— Sgt., Co. M, 108th Infantry. KA 
 
 September 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line. 
 Schuh, Leo F. — Corp., Co. 276, Aero Squadron. Killed 
 
 in fall from Aeroplane, Columbia, S. C. 
 Schultz, Edward— Pvt., 36th Field Artillery. DD Oct- 
 ober 20, 1918, Camp McClellan, Ala. 
 Schultz, Walter— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. KA 
 
 September 26, 1918, Bois St. Claude. 
 Schurr, Alton— Pvt., Co. E, 328th Infantry. KA Octo- 
 ber 9, 1918. 
 Schurr, Ralph— Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry. KA 
 
 September 14, 1918. Residence, Aurora 
 Schuster, Harry G.— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. KA 
 ^ October, 1918, Argonne. 
 
 Schweikhardt, Conrad— Pvt., Co. C, 2d A. A. Machine 
 Gun Battalion. DD December 7, 1918, injuries 
 received while moving, Nov. 30, 1918, Verdun, France. 
 
 Schweitzer, Leo L. — Pvt., Headquarters, 311th Infan- 
 try. KA September 29, 1918, Bois St. Claude. 
 
 Schwenk, Michael A.— Pvt. MA. 
 
 Scott, Chas. F.— Pvt., Co. K, 108th Infantry. KA 
 September 29, 1918, Cambrai. 
 
 Scott, Fay M. — 1st Lieut., 2d Division Millitary Police. 
 KA Argonne Forest, November 1, 1918. 
 
 Scott, William H.— Corp., Co. I, 311th Infantry. KA 
 November 2, 1918, Bois d'Bourgoyne. 
 
 Seereiter, Edwin M. — Corp. MA. 
 
 Sennett, William C, Jr.— Pvt., 108th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. KA October 6, 1918. 
 
 Seracki, Andrew — Sgt. DW. 
 
 Seward, Fred L. — Pvt. Lost at Sea. (Lost his life in 
 the sinking of the Transport "Ortanto," October 6, 
 1918, in collision with steamer "Kashmito," off 
 Scotland Coast.) 
 
 Sharts, Wm. F. DD. Residence, Tonawanda. 
 
 Shaw, Sylvester E. — DD. Residence, Tonawanda. 
 
 Sheamlie, Mansove J.— Pvt., 26th Infantry. DD 
 Camp Winthrop. 
 
 Shero, Herbert E.— Pvt., Co. C, 2d Engineers. KA 
 July 21, 1918, France. Residence, Hamburg. 
 
 Sieg, Robert — DD Camp Morrison, Va. 
 
 Sieracki, Andrew — Sgt., Co. M, 61st Infantry. DW 
 November 5, 1918, Argonne Forest. 
 
 Sigafoos, Floyd W. — DD January, 1919, France. 
 Residence, Lackawanna. 
 
 Sikora, Joseph— Pvt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. KA 
 October 16, 1918, Argonne. 
 
 Sikorski, Kazmlerz — Pvt. MA. 
 
 Sitarski, Stanislaw— Pvt. DW. 
 
 Skarbeck, Joseph— Pvt. KA October 13, 1918. 
 
 Smarmack, Anthony — Pvt. MA. 
 
 Smith, Charles— Lieut. AD December 25, 1918, France. 
 
 Smith, Edward E. — Pvt., Canadian Expeditionary 
 Force. KA August 9, 1918, Amiens. Residence, 
 Chaffee. 
 
 Smith, Frank— Pvt., Co. B, 324th Infantry. MA No- 
 vember 9, 1918, France. 
 
 Smith, Gerney E. — Pvt. DD Fort Porter, November 
 8, 1918. 
 
 Smith, Harold S.— Pvt. DW Hospital, France, October 
 17, 1918. 
 
 Smith, Howard — Pvt., Headquarters Troop, 2d A. C. 
 KA October 17, 1918. 
 
 Smith, James. 
 
 Smith, Joseph W.— Corp., Co. I, 108th Infantry. KA 
 September 29, Hindenburg Line. (Cited.) 
 
 Smith, Sigmund — KA. 
 
 Smolik, John— Sgt., Co. C, 309th Infantry. KA Octo- 
 ber 20, 1918, Grand Pre. 
 
 Snyder, Daniel A. — Pvt., Signal Corps. AD (Re- 
 ported as drowned in foreign waters.) 
 
 Snyder, Edward S. — Pvt., 20th Canadian Infantry. 
 KA October 11, 1918. 
 
 Soiotzlaki, Ignatz — Pvt. MA. 
 
 Sokul, Paul— Pvt. KA. 
 
506 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Somma, Cosimo — Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. KA 
 
 November 1, 1918, Bois d'Bourgoyne. 
 Sommer, Archie— Pvt., Co. G, 306th Infantry. DW. 
 Sommer, Frank — DD. Residence Tonawanda. 
 Sommerville, Howard D— Pvt., Co. E, 309th Infantry. 
 
 KA October, 1918, Argonne. 
 Sommerville, E. — Canadian Service. MA Ottawa Des- 
 patch, August 26, 1918. 
 Soutter, Eugene — Mechanic. KA. 
 Spellman, Harry— Pvt. DW January 31, 1918. 
 Souter, James C. — Sgt., Intelligence Department, 108th 
 
 Inf. DW August 27, 1918, Mandalay Cross, Belgium. 
 Stachewicz, Anthony — Pvt. MA. 
 Stack, Philhp— Pvt., Engineers Casual No. 3. DD 
 
 Camp Upton, October 9, 1918. 
 Stabell, Wm. J.— Pvt., 309th Infantry. KA August, 
 
 1918, Marne. Residence, Alden. 
 Stannard, Claude A. — Corp. MA. 
 Stein, Charles — Pvt., 307th Infantry. KA Argonne 
 
 Forest, August 30, 1918. 
 Stemplewski, Joseph — Pvt., Co. K, 328th Infantry. 
 
 KA October 8, 1918. 
 Sterz, Ferdinand — DD. Residence, Tonawanda. 
 Steves, Charles E. — Corp., Co. M, 74th. DD December 
 
 8, 1917, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 Stillinger, Roland— Pvt., Battery E, 304th F. A. 
 
 KA October 16, 1918. St. Juvain. Residence, Aurora 
 Stokes, Alfred H.— Sgt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. KA 
 
 October 16, 1918, St. Mihiel. Residence, Hamburg. 
 Stolarski. Adam — Pvt. MA. 
 Stozewski, Walter — Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps. DW 
 
 June 16, 1918. 
 Strasser, Walter F.— Pvt. DW July 18, 1918. 
 Strickland, Chester. 
 
 Striegel, Joseph A.— Sgt. DD January 27, 1919, N. Y. 
 Strite, Raymond — Base Hospital No. 23. DD October 
 
 7, 1918. Residence, Tonawanda. 
 Strough, Edward B.— DD. 
 Struebeng, Chas. D.— Pvt. KA. 
 Stubensz, Stanley — Corp. DD. 
 Stupezynski, Leonard — Pvt. MA. 
 Stutz, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. C, 7th Infantry. DW 
 
 June 23, 1918, France. 
 Subke, Harry C— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. KA 
 
 September 2, 1918. 
 Sullivan, Dennis— Pvt. DD September 29, 1918. 
 Sullivan, James F.— Sgt., Co. C, 6th Infantry. KA 
 
 September 12, 1918, St. Mihiel. 
 Sullivan, John L.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. KA 
 
 November 4, 1918, Les Petites Armoises. 
 Surtalski, Edward— Pvt., 306th Infantry. MA Sep- 
 tember 12, 1918. 
 Swalski, J. — MA. 
 
 Swan, Oscar A. — Lieut., U. S. Marine Corps. KA No- 
 vember 10, 1918. 
 Sweeney, John J. — 2d-class Heavy Artillery, Navy. 
 
 KA December 3, 1918, Pauillac, France. 
 Swerdloff, Benjamin — Pvt. DD Prior to October 25, 
 
 1918, Camp Upton, N. Y. 
 Swinogurski, Kozimoeyz — Pvt. DD Prior to October 
 
 25, 1918, Camp Dix, N. J. 
 
 Swinnerton, George A.— 1st Sgt., Co. D., 306th Ma- 
 chine Gun BattaHon, KA August 15, 1918. Mt. 
 
 St. Martin, France. 
 Synek, John F. — Corp. MA. 
 Szafranski, Adam J.— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry. DW 
 
 October 11, 1918. 
 Szarmack, Anthony — Pvt. MA. 
 Szydlowski, Matthew— Pvt., Co. M, 306th Infantry. 
 
 KA October 26, 1918, Grand Pre. 
 Szymanski, Nicholas J. — Pvt., 311th Infantry. KA 
 
 October 19, 1918, Grand Pre. 
 Szyperski, Edward — Co. D, 4th Infantry. DW France. 
 
 Residence, Depew. 
 Tarasin, Peter T.— Pvt. KA France, Sept. 26, 1918. 
 Tarko, John— Pvt. DW France, October 27, 1918. 
 Tarr, Stanley T.— Lieut. Co. B, 4th Infantry. KA 
 
 France, June 23, 1918, Chateau Thierry. 
 Tates, Arthur— Sgt., Co. M, 108th Infantry. KA 
 
 France, October 25, 1918. 
 Taylor, George — Pvt. KA France. 
 Taylor, Harold W.— Sgt. KA France. 
 Taylor, James R. — Pvt. DW France. 
 Tegler, Frederick G.— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. KA France, August 22, 1918. 
 Terrose, Frank— Pvt., Co. K, 60th Infantry. MA 
 
 France. 
 Tharaw, Herman — Sgt., U. S. Marine Corps. KA 
 
 France, August 22, 1918. 
 Theis or Thiesz, Harry G.— Pvt., 307th Auxiliary Re- 
 mount Depot. DD Camp Wadsworth, October 7, 
 
 1918. 
 Thomas, Anthony J. — Corp., 340th G and P Regiment. 
 
 DD. Residence, North Collins. 
 Thompson, John W.— Pvt., Troop H, 16th Cavalry. 
 
 DD December 16, 1918. Brownville, Tex. 
 Thurber, Lynn A. — 77th Division. KA France. Resi- 
 dence, Springville. 
 Thurston, James F.— Pvt., Co. F, 334th Field Artillery. 
 
 DW France, March 10, 1919. 
 Tidball, Zan Linn, Jr.— Lieut., 9th U. S. Aerial 
 
 Squadron. KA France, October 10, 1918. 
 Tillman, Laverne — Sgt., 309th Infantry. KA France, 
 
 October 16, 1918. Residence, Newstead. 
 Timmons, Frank— Pvt., Co. 34, 9th Battalion. DD 
 
 Camp Dix, October 2, 1918. 
 Timmerman, Herman — Pvt., Co. L, 7th Infantry. 
 
 KA October, 1918. Residence Brant. 
 Todorowski, John — Pvt. KA France. 
 Tojdowski, Joseph— Pvt., 311th Machine Gun Co. 
 
 KA October 3, 1918, Bois St. Claude. 
 Tolodzieski, Konstanty — Pvt. MA France. 
 Tomczak, Stanislaw — Pvt. KA France. 
 Tonnies, Henry T.— Sgt., Co. D, 6th Sep. Bat. U. S. 
 
 Marine Corps. KA France, November 1, 1918. 
 Tracy, Francis M.— Lieut. KA France Sept. 27, 1918. 
 Tracy, Joseph— S. A. T. C. (Canisius.) DD, Fort 
 
 Porter, Buffalo. 
 Tralin, Frank J.— Pvt. DD Camp Zachary Taylor, 
 
 October, 1918. 
 Trank, Florence — Nurse, Red Cross. DD, Havre, 
 
 France, October 5, 1918. 
 
Our Heroic Dead 
 
 507 
 
 Trautman, Frank— Pvt., Ist-class, Co. G, 325th In- 
 fantry. KA France, October 11, 1918. 
 Traynor, Owen — Seaman, U. S. S. "Waverly." Died 
 
 at Sea. 
 Treble, Hedor W.— U. S. Avation. DD Naval Hospi- 
 tal, Chelsea Mass, September 30, 1918. 
 Trosp, Charles F.— Pvt. MA. 
 Trulin, Frank J.— Pvt., Battery C, 10th Battalion, 
 
 First Army Replacement Depot. DD Camp Taylor, 
 
 October 15, 1918. 
 Tuarozynski, Boleslaw— Pvt. KA France, Oct. 14, 1918. 
 Tubbs, Fred Senn — Ist-class Pvt., Base Hospital No. 
 
 23. DW France, October 4, 1918. 
 Tucholski, Vincent— Pvt., Co. B, 328th Infantry. KA 
 
 France, September 7, 1918. 
 Tucker, Alfred — Pvt. KA France, August, 1917. 
 Tucker, Cyril F.— Pvt. KA France, December 5, 1918. 
 Tuskey, William H.— Pvt., U. S. C. G. DD March 13, 
 
 1918. 
 Umiker, Wm. J.— Sgt., Co. G, 309th Infantry. KA 
 
 October 18, 1918, Bois des Loges. 
 Urban, Bernard F.~Corp., Co. G, 307th Infantry. 
 
 DW France, October 1, 1918. 
 Vandenburg, Albert — Pvt. DD Fort Niagara, October 
 
 6, 1918. 
 Vaughin, W. Roscoe— DD Camp Jackson, Sept. 26, 1918. 
 Veola, Marino. DW France, September 10, 1918. 
 Vogt, Edwin G.— Pvt., Co. D, Naval Aviation. DD 
 
 Florida, October, 1918. 
 Volland, Magdalene — Nurse, Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 DD France, September 22, 1918. 
 Vollbracht, Ferdinand— Pvt. DD March 3, 1918. 
 Volz, Fred— Pvt. Died, November 18, 1918. 
 Wadleigh, George E.— DD Great Lakes, Oct. 24, 1918. 
 Wagner, Elmer — Co. C, 307th Infantry. DW France, 
 
 June 4, 1918. 
 Wagner, John F.— Corp. DA, April 3, 1919. 
 Walasek, John — 77th Division. KA France. 
 Walczak, Frank W.— Pvt., 306th Field Artillery. KA 
 
 France, August 26, 1918. 
 Walczak, Joseph T.— Pvt., Co. K, 326th Infantry. KA 
 
 France, August 4, 1918. 
 Wald, Marcus G.— Pvt. KA France. 
 Waldron, James J.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. DW 
 
 October 19, 1918, Chevieres. 
 Walfrom, R.— KA France, July 23, 1918. 
 Walkowiak, John V.— Pvt., Co. E, 310th Field Artillery. 
 
 DD France, October 25, 1918. 
 Wall, Charles A. — Lieut. Air Service. Killed, Curtis 
 
 Field, August 20, 1917. 
 Wall, Maurice A.— Sgt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. KA 
 
 October 17, 1918, Grand Pre. 
 Walsh, Gerald H.— 3d-class Electrician, U. S. N. R. F. 
 
 DD New London, April 27, 1919. 
 Walter, Leslie J.— Pvt., Co. F, 311th Infantry. KA 
 
 November 1, 1918, Grand Pre. 
 Walters, Charles T.— Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps. MA 
 
 France. 
 Wannetwetsch, Edward— Pvt., Battery F, 76th Field 
 
 Artillery. Died, Camp Shelby, January 29, 1918. 
 
 Residence, Hamburg. 
 
 Ward, Henry W.— Sgt., Co. M, 108th Infantry. KA 
 
 September 29, 1918. Hindenburg Line. 
 Ward, J. — Canadian Expeditionary Force. KA France, 
 
 August 26, 1918. 
 Wark, Robert A. — Gunner, Navy. AD Buffalo, July 
 
 26, 1919. 
 Waring, Wm. W. — 1st Lieut., Aviation. DD October 
 
 31, 1918. 
 
 Awarded D. S. C. Posthumously. 
 
 Watchaskie, Walter~Pvt., Co. F, 61st Infantry. KA 
 
 France, November 7, 1918. 
 Waters, James W. — 37th Engineers. DD Fort Myer. 
 Watersheath, Norman A.— Pvt., Co. K, 108th Inf. KA 
 
 September 29, 1918, Hind. Line. Res. Tonawanda. 
 Way, Harry B.— Pvt., 147th Inf. DDNov. 15, 1918. 
 Weber, Arthur H.— Pvt., Co. A, 109th Machine Gun 
 
 Battahon. DD France, September 22, 1918. 
 Weber, Francis X.— DD July 24, 1917. 
 Weidman, John C— Corp., Co. B, 311th Infantry. KA 
 
 September 24, 1918, St. Mihiel. 
 Weintraub, David— Pvt., Co. 18, 152d Depot Brigade. 
 
 DD Camp Upton, November 24, 1918. 
 Weisansal, Edward N. — 3d-class Electrician, U. S. 
 
 Navy "Cyclops." Lost at Sea. 
 Welch, Samuel G.— Pvt., Co. D, 108th Infantry. KA 
 
 September 29, 1918. Hindenburg Line. 
 Welczak, Frank W. — 77th Division. KA. 
 Wells, Frank H.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Inf. MA Sep- 
 tember 26, 1918, St. Mihiel. Residence Tonawanda. 
 Wendt, Ernest T. — D. Residence, Tonawanda. 
 Wenz, Richard J.— Pvt., Co. 34, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 DD Camp Dix, October 1, 1918. 
 Wesniekski, John — Pvt. DD. 
 Wesp, Franklin P. — Pvt., 3d Machine Gun Battalion. 
 
 KA July 18, 1918, Soissons. Res. W. Seneca. 
 Weter, Paul H.— Pvt., Ist-class, Co. D, 306th Machine 
 
 Gun Battalion. KA Merval, September 8 1918. 
 Wever, Edward P. — Pvt. MA France. 
 Wheadrick, Winfield G. — Co. 32, Canadian Aviation 
 
 Service. Killed in airplane accident. Camp Borden, 
 
 September 15, 1917. 
 Wheeler, David E. (M. D.)— Major, Med. Corps. KA 
 
 France, August 15, 1918. (While attending wounded.) 
 Wheelock, Myron — KA. Lost at Sea. 
 Whelan, Dominic W.— Pvt., Co. I, 311th Infantry. 
 
 DW England, July 8, 1918. 
 White, Archie L.— Pvt. DD January 9, 1919. 
 White, Charles W.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 327th 
 
 Infantry. KA France, October 7, 1918. 
 Wiede, Earl A.— Pvt., Co. C, 108th Infantry. KA Sep- 
 tember 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line. 
 Wielkiewicz, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry, 
 
 77th Division. KA September 5, 1918. 
 Wierzbicki, George — Pvt. DD Camp Dix. 
 Wiesczcecinski, Kazimierz — Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engi- 
 neers. KA Vesle, August 18, 1918. 
 Wild, Henry— Pvt., Co. 27, 153d Depot Brigade. DD 
 
 Fort Niagara, October 11, 1918. 
 Wilgio, Frezzoli— Pvt. KA France, September 22,1918. 
 Wilhelm, George B— Pvt., Co. A, 4th Infantry. KA 
 
 France, October 12, 1918. 
 
508 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Willerth, Conrad E.— Pvt., Air Service School. DD 
 St. Paul, October 11, 1918. 
 
 Williams, Annie — Nurse, Red Cross. DD France. 
 
 Williams, Earl T.— 301st Field Artillery. DD Camp 
 Devens, May 7, 1918. 
 
 Williams, Spencer C. — Lieut., Sig. Res. Corps Aviation. 
 Killed by collision in flight, Mineola, May 21, 1918. 
 
 Williams, Theodore C— Pvt., Co. C, 28th Infantry. 
 KA France, June 19, 1918. 
 
 Winkler, Charles F.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 311th 
 Infantry. DW October 17, 1918, Grand Pre. 
 
 Winnerton, G. A. — 77th Division. KA France. 
 
 Witt, Maximilian— Pvt., Co, I, 7th Infantry. DW 
 France, October 15, 1918. 
 
 Witucki, John F.— Bugler, 5th Rec'n Battalion. DD. 
 
 Wojczynski, Anthony — Sgt. DW France. 
 
 Wolanski, Henry— Pvt., Co. A, 306th Infantry. DW 
 France, August 22, 1918. 
 
 Wolbert, Geo. B. 
 
 Wolf, Henry, Jr., Pvt., Co. C, 303d Field Signal Bat- 
 talion. KA September 20, 1918, St. Mihiel. 
 
 Wolf, Lawrence— Sgt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. KA Oc- 
 tober 16, 1918, Argonne. Residence, Hamburg. 
 
 Wolfe, Edward N., Pvt., Co. Machine Gun, 348th In- 
 fantry. DD October 28, 1918. 
 
 WoM, Lewis E.— U. S. Navy. DD Great Lakes, Sep- 
 tember 26, 1918. 
 
 Woodard, Charles E. — Pvt., Air Service. DD Hous- 
 ton, March 27, 1918. 
 
 Woodcock, Wm. D.— Ist-class Elec (R), U. S. Navy 
 R. F. DD Great Lakes, September 29, 1918. 
 
 Woppman, Joseph — Pvt., 311th Infantry. DW France, 
 
 October 30, 1918. 
 Wos, Stephen— KA France, July 30, 1918. 
 Wright, Arthur C— Corp., Battery B, 106th Field 
 
 Artillery. AD Spartansburg, October 6, 1917. 
 Wysocki, Anthony— Pvt., Co. G, 306th Infantry. MA 
 
 France, October 1, 1918. 
 Yaschuk, Stephen— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. KA 
 
 September 29, 1918, St. Mihiel. 
 Yates, Charles — Corp., 76th Canadian Battalion. KA 
 
 France, April 12, 1918. 
 Young, John Y. — Pvt. KA France, November 9, 1918. 
 Yund, Joseph J.— Corp., Co. L, 108th Infantry. DD 
 
 Camp Merritt, March 5, 1918. 
 Zaliewaski, John — Pvt. KA France. 
 Zopf, George — Pvt., Canadian Expeditionary Force. 
 
 KA France, August 11, 1917. Residence, Hol- 
 land. 
 Zerlintski, Frank N. — 77th Division. KA France. 
 Ziefski, Frank— Pvt. MA France, November 11, 1918. 
 Zientarski, Chester — Corp. MA France. 
 Zier, Howard S.— DD Troy, October 20, 1918. 
 Zimmer, Frederick W. — Aerial Unit No. 2. AD 
 
 Buffalo, May 30, 1917. 
 Zimmerman, George S. — Corp. KA France, October 
 
 13, 1918. 
 Zogasis, Pete — KA France. Residence, Lackawanna. 
 Zranski, Ada J. — 77th Division. KA France. 
 Zoffke, George A.— Pvt., Co. M, 7th Infantry. KA 
 
 France, July, 1918. 
 Zwacaki, Joseph — Pvt. KA France, August 6, 1918. 
 
 ERIE COUNTY'S VOLUNTEER CHAPLAINS 
 
 Brent, Rt. Rev. Chas. H. — Episcopalian. Entire charge 
 of the work of chaplains, A. E. F. 
 
 Awarded D. S. C. 
 
 Briggs, Rev. Geo. A. — Baptist. Camp Wadsworth, S. C. 
 Britt, Rev. Edmund J. — Catholic. Camp Zachary 
 
 Taylor and Camp Dix. 
 Burke, Rev. Jos.— Catholic. A.E.F., 91st Div., Belgium. 
 Carra, Rev. James, DD. — Catholic. Camp Merritt, 
 
 N. J. Transport service. 
 Crimmen, Rev. George — Catholic. Camp Wadsworth, 
 
 S. C. 105th Field Artillery. 
 Dynes, Rev. Walter. 
 
 Ferrall, Rev. Benj. S. — Disciples. Tidewater Dist., Va. 
 Fornes, Rev. Walter — Catholic. Camp Wadsworth, 
 
 S. C. and 106th Field Artillery, A. E. F. 
 Howland, Rev. Murray S. — Presbyterian. A.E.F., France 
 
 Cited. 
 
 Howley, Rev. John — Catholic. Camp Upton, N. Y., 
 
 152d Depot Brigade. 
 Hubbell, Rev. Harry H. — Presbyterian. Associate 
 
 Director of Bible Study Work, Paris, France. 
 Hume, Rev. H. Ross — Presbyterian. A. E. F., France. 
 Hutchinson, Rev. Arthur — Catholic. A. E. F., France. 
 Kemp, Rev. Chas.— Cathohc. A. E. F., 604th Eng. Corps. 
 
 Leffler, Rev. John F. — Methodist Episcopal. Religious 
 and Ent. Div., A. E. F., France. 
 
 Lowe, Rev. Arthur F. — Episcopalian. French Sixth Ar. 
 
 Lukasik, Rev. Charles — Catholic. Ft. Niagara, N. Y. 
 and 44th Artillery, A. E. F. 
 
 McLennan, Rev. Wm. E. — Presbyterian. War Camp 
 Community Service. 
 
 Nuwer, Rev. Roman — Catholic. Base Hospital No. 
 79, A. E. F., France. 
 
 O'Shea, Rev. Maurice — Catholic. Base Hospital, Toul, 
 A. E. F. France. 
 
 Regan, Rev. Eugene — Catholic. 47thlnf., A. E.F.France. 
 
 Rochford, Rev. John E. — Cathohc. 10th Infantry. 
 
 Sessions, Rev. Francis W. — Methodist Episcopal. Edu- 
 cational Dept., Camps Upton and Plattsburg. 
 
 Stanton, Rev. Frank W.— Baptist. U. S. Naval Train- 
 ing Station, Pelham Bay. 
 
 Trexler, Rev. Samuel G. — Lutheran. Base Hospital 
 No. 8, A. E. F., France. 
 
 Wanenmacher, Rev. Francis — Catholic. 
 
 Ward, Rev. John C. — Episcopalian. Texas border. 
 Camp Wadsworth, S. C. 107th and 108th Infantry. 
 Wounded October 12, 1918. 
 
 Awarded D. S. C. for extraordinary heroism in action at Ronssoy, 
 France, Sept. 29, 1918. 
 
U. S. ARMY 
 
 BUFFALO ROLL CALL 
 
 Abbarno, Pasquale L.— Pvt., Co. C, 5th Battalion. 
 
 Abel, Frank J. — Pvt., 173d Aero Squad. 
 
 Abel, Fred— Pvt., 302d Engineers. 
 
 Abel, George W. — Pvt., Medical Corps. 
 
 Abel, Walter J. — Corp., Officers' Training School. 
 
 Abbott, Kail W. — Lieut., Air Service. 
 
 Abbott, Luman M.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Aberth, Russell C— Corp., Co. A, 333d Br.Tank Corps. 
 
 Aberth, Walter C— Pvt., Base Hospital. 
 
 Abramowicz, John J. — Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Abramowicz, Frank — Pvt., 308th Infantry. 
 
 Abrams, Raymond C. — Corp., 158th Depot Brigade. 
 
 Abramson, Samuel — Sgt., 487th Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Abraham, Frank J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. (U. B.) 
 
 Achnarzmeier, Frank — Lieut., 85th Infantry. 
 
 Ackerman, George R. — Corp., Headq'rs., M. T. C. 
 
 Ackerman, John H.— Pvt., Co. F, 326th Infantry. 
 
 Ackerman, Thurstose F. — Pvt., Co. E, 37th Engineers. 
 
 Ackerman, William — Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Ackerman, A. A.— Pvt., Co. C, 335th Machine Gun Bat. 
 
 Ackendorf, William— Sgt., Battalion F, 74th C. A. C. 
 
 Ackley, William J.— Pvt., Co. C, 37th Engineers. 
 
 Acquard, Walter J.— Pvt., 14th Battalion U. S. Guards. 
 
 Acquisto, Dominick — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Adam, Jacob Henry — Pvt., Co. 10, Transport Corps. 
 
 Adamaczak, Stephan — Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Adams, Glenn H. — Corp., Ordnance Corps. 
 
 Adams, Ralph G. — Pvt., 318th Engineers. 
 
 Adams, William M. — Pvt., Co. 18, Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Adams, Harry J.— Pvt., Battery B, 13th Field Artillery. 
 
 Adams, Charles G. — Pvt., Headquarters, 21st Eng. 
 
 Adams, Francis — Lieut., Dental Corps. 
 
 Adams, Alfred M. — Bugler, M. C. Co., 11th Infantry. 
 
 Adams, Edward J. — Sgt., Base Hospital. 
 
 Adams, George — Pvt., Co. C, 23d Engineers. 
 
 Adams, John — Lieut., Aviation. 
 
 Adams, Harry E. — Pvt., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Adams, John R. — Sgt., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Adams, Joseph — Pvt., Co. C, 49th Infantry. 
 
 Adams, Lawrence S. — Sgt., Co. C, 317th Infantry. 
 
 Adams, PhilHp J.— Pvt., Co. E, 148th Infantry. 
 
 Adams, Ralph G. — Bugler, 318th Engineers. 
 
 Adams, W. B. — Corp., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Adams, William E. — Pvt., Co. 4, 1st Battalion. 
 
 Adamski, Felix— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Adamski, Frank — Pvt. 
 
 Adamuh, Joseph — Pvt., 302d Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Adamzak, Paul— Pvt. W. A. 
 
 Addezio, Joseph D. — Sgt., 301st Repair Unit. 
 
 Addison, George— Pvt., Co. 26. 
 
 Addison, William J. — Corp., Co. B, 85th Infantry. 
 
 Adelman, Howard B.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Adolf, Leo— Pvt., Battery D, 309th Field Artillery. 
 
 Adsit, Henry — Capt., Machine Gun Co., 107th Infantry 
 
 D. S. C. for extraordinary heroism. While leading a platoon forward 
 became pocketed by enemy Machine Guns. He personally went 
 forward and by the use of grenades and his pistol made possible the 
 holding of the position. Wounded. 
 
 Aherne, Michael — Pvt., Ordnance Detachment, 406th 
 Machine Shop Truck Unit. 
 
 Ahrens, John L. — Pvt., 303d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Ahrens, Edward W.— Pvt., Co. B, 336th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. 
 
 Ahrens, Adolph — Pvt., Headquarters, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Ahrndt, Henry W.— Pvt., Co. 27, 7th Training Bat. 
 
 Aikin, Harry J. — Pvt., Co. A, 303d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Airnault, Andrew— Pvt., Supply Co., 34th F. A. 
 
 Arntermeier, Leonard — Air Service. 
 
 Akow, James — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Albanio, Herman L. — Corp., Band, 55th Pioneers. 
 
 Albee, Jesse F.— Corp., Co. K, 306th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Alberts, Rosario M. — Pvt., Co. C, 47th Battalion. 
 
 Albert, Carl A. — Corp., General Hospital 31. 
 
 Albing, Herbert L. — Pvt., Headquarters Detachment, 
 303d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Albrechcinski, Peter — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Albrecht, Frederick — Corp., 276th Aero Squad. 
 
 Albrecht, H. J.— Sgt. 
 
 Albright, Walter L.— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Albro, Preston — Lieut., 35th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Aldrich, Burton J.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th In- 
 fantry. WG. 
 
 Aldrich, Oscar H.— Pvt., Co. D, 7th Field Artillery. 
 
 Aldridge, Lewis H. — Pvt. 
 
 Alexander, Alexander S. — Gunner, 49th Battalion, Brit- 
 ish Expeditionary Forces. 
 
 Alexander, Joseph S. — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Alexander, William— Pvt., Battery E, 46th F. A. 
 
 Alf, Andrew— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Alf, John A.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Alfano, Frank — Pvt., Co., 21st Infantry. 
 
 Alexander, Raymond E. — Pvt., 812th Infantry. 
 
 Allein, Fred J.— Pvt. 
 
 Allan, Herbert W.— Sgt., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Allan, John S. — Gunner, Air Service. 
 
 Allard, Clayton J.— Pvt., Co. I, 3d Infantry. 
 
 Allen, Chas. H. — Pvt., Headquarters, 2d Corps. 
 
 Allen, Clark H.— Pvt., Co. A, 32d Infantry. WA. 
 
 Allen, Edward E.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 122d Inf. 
 
 Allen, Edmund R.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Allen, Eugene W.— Pvt., Co. A, 128th Engineers. 
 
 Allen, Gregory S.— Pvt., 306th Base Hospital. WG. 
 
 Allen, Homer G.— Corp., Co. H, 311th Infantry. WG. 
 
 Allen, Kenneth W. — -Lieut., 5th Battalion, First Army 
 Replacement Depot. 
 
 Allen, Joseph— Pvt., Co. 17, 157th Depot Brigade. 
 
 Allen, Louis — Pvt., Ambulance Co. 345. 
 
 Allen, Leonard T. — Lieut., 85th Squadron, Air Service. 
 
 Allen, William F. — Sgt., Ordnance Department. 
 
 Allen, William C— 148th Infantry. 
 
 Allespach, George L. — Co. J, 1st Regiment. 
 
 Allessi, Samuel— Sgt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Allgrim, Louis E. — Pvt., 315th Machine Gun Corps. 
 
 Alliger, Frank — Wagoner, 102d Ammunition Train. 
 
510 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Allman, Isaac W.— Co. A, 23d Engineers. WG. 
 
 Albright, Sherman — Sgt., Provisional Ambulance. 
 
 Allyn, Ohio C.--Lieut., Co. D, 349th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Almand, Francis — Sgt. 
 
 Alslord, Victor J.— Pvt., Co. D, 74th Coast Art. Corps. 
 
 Alt, Walter F.— Sgt., Co. G, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Allen, Edmund R.— Sgt., Co. F, 6th Infantry. 
 
 Altemoos, Norman — Pvt., Co. B, — 309th Infantry. 
 
 Altemoos, Chas. H. — Pvt., Military Police. 
 
 Alto, Edward— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Altschuler, Wm. — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Altschafer, George — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Amarante, J. C. — Pvt., Troop H. 
 
 Ambrose, Benjamin J. — Corp., Co. E, 303d Engineers. 
 
 America, Frank M. — Capt., American Red Cross. 
 
 America, Robert G.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Am. Train. 
 
 Amigona, Peter A. — Pvt., Co. A, 18th Machine Gun Bat. 
 
 Amoroso, Carmelo — Pvt., Co. B, 68th Engineers. 
 
 Amoroso, Angelo — Pvt., Co. E, 131st Infantry. 
 
 Amos, Ernest R. — Corp., 23d Photo Section. 
 
 Ampleinent, George H. — Corp., Co. A, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Alstead, Roy Arno— Pvt., Battery F, 335th F. A. 
 
 Ancona, Donate — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Andel, John— Pvt., Co. G, 325th Infantry. 
 
 Andela, Louis G.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Andert, Otto F. — Lieut., Co. 1 7, Canadian Machine Gun. 
 
 Anderson, Wallace A. — Lieut., Air Service. 
 
 Anderson. Edgar W.— Pvt., Co. I, 60th Infantry. 
 
 Anderson, Eric J. — Lieut., 11th British Field Artillery. 
 
 Anderson, Carl D. — Pvt., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Anderson, Carl J. — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Anderson, Carl R.— Corp., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Anderson, Gustave A. — Sgt. WA. 
 
 Anderson, Henry — Pvt., Co. D, 102d Am. Train. 
 
 Anderson, John M. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Anderson, Raymond — Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Andino, Liborio— Pvt., Co. A, 311th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Andino, Russell J. — Pvt. 
 
 Andizejak, Stanley F.— Pvt., Co. I, 7th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Andre, Paul C— Pvt., Co. D, S. A. T C. 
 
 Andnaceio, Victor — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Andres, Andy J.— Lieut. S. A. T. C. 
 
 Andrejenski, Anthony R. — Pvt., Co. E, 312th Infantry. 
 
 Andrews, Roy M.— Pvt., Co. A, 306th Machine Gun Bat. 
 
 Andrews, Charles W. — Lieut., Air Service. 
 
 Andress, Walter G. — Maj., Machine Gun Co., 107th 
 
 Infantry. WA. 
 Andrews, Wellington — Sgt., 826th Aero Squadron. 
 Andriaccio, Leonard — Pvt., Supply Co., 303d Am. Train. 
 Andriatch, Daniel— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 Andriatch, Dominick C. — Pvt. 
 Andriatch, Max — Pvt., Tank Corps. 
 Andruszkiewicz, Stanley — Pvt. 
 
 Andrzejenski, Stanislaus — Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. 
 Andrezyenski, Walter — Pvt., Co. F, 156th Depot Brig. 
 Andrezejenski, Steaven — Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 Andrzejak, Stanley F.— Pvt., 27th Infantry. 
 Andryzjak — Pvt., 97th Infantry. 
 Andrzejewski, Stephen S. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 
 
 14th Regiment. 
 Anetzberger, John M.— Corp., Battery E, 334th F. A. 
 
 Angelo, John— Pvt., Co. 8, 2d Battalion. 
 
 Angiele, Tony 
 
 Anger, Clifford W.— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Anger, William W.— Pvt., 105th Trench Mortar Bat'y. 
 
 Anger, Elgin F. — Pvt. 
 
 Anken, Edward— Pvt., Co. G, 109th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. WA. 
 
 Anken, John — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 7th Infantry. 
 
 Anker, John J. — Pvt., Co. H, 59th Pioneers. 
 
 Anner, C. H. 
 
 Annsiewicz, Joseph L. — Pvt., Co. 2, September Auto- 
 matic Replacement Draft. 
 
 Anselmo, Joseph — Pvt., 513th Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Antczole, Stanley E. — Pvt., Co. 15, 17th Regiment. 
 
 Anthony, Charles J. — Sgt., Co. 7, Coast Artillery Corps. 
 
 Anthony, Peters — Pvt., 14th Regiment, First Army 
 Replacement Depot. 
 
 Anthony, William J. — Pvt. 
 
 Antonulli, Rosario — Pvt., 14th Depot Brigade. 
 
 Antozzo, Dante J. — Lieut., 306th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Anzalone, Anthony— Sgt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. WG. 
 
 Appelbe, Sydney S. — Pvt., Co. 10, Air Service. 
 
 Appleton, Frank — 302d Engineers. 
 
 Apshur, Walter— Pvt., Co. F, 307th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Aquaro, Frank — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Arber, Peter J.— Pvt., Co. 17, 158th Depot Brigade. 
 
 Arcangel, Nicolas F. — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Arcaro, Thomas — Pvt., Co. A, 146th Machine Gun Bat. 
 
 Archbald, Edw. B. — Lieut. 
 
 Arch, Frederick W.— Corp., Battery D, 13th F. A. 
 
 Arch, Leroy A.^Pvt., Co. 2, 71st Engineers. 
 
 Archbald, Joseph A., Jr.— Lieut., Battery D, 28th F. A. 
 
 Archie, Edward— Pvt., Battery T, 402d Field Artillery. 
 
 Arendt, Leo— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Argus, Herbert — Corp. WA. 
 
 Arengo, John— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Arkyns, Chester J. — Pvt., Co. H, Air Service. 
 
 Arkowitz, Herman — Pvt., Co. K, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Arkourty, Samuel — Pvt., Can. Expeditionary Forces. 
 
 Armbrust, Arnold T. — Lieut., Ordnance Department. 
 
 Armstrong, David C. — Pvt., Co. C, 15th Regiment. 
 
 Armstrong, Earl L. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 311th Inf. 
 Infantry. 
 
 Armstrong, Roger N. — Sgt.-Maj., Battery E, 35th 
 Field Artillery. 
 
 Armstrong, Clarence 0. — Pvt., Troop M, 14th Cavalry. 
 
 Armstrong, Sherman — Pvt., U. S. Proving Ground. 
 
 Armstrong, Edwin J. — Pvt., 309th Infantry. 
 
 Armstrong, Walter J. — Pvt., Co. A, 15th Military PoHce. 
 
 Arnieri, Mike— Pvt., 307th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Arnold, Edward James — Corp., Co. G, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Arnold, Edwin E.— Pvt., Co. 321. 
 
 Aruso, Amedeo — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Ascanazy, Harry — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Ascanazy, Jacob — Pvt., Co. A, 46th In antry. 
 
 Ash, A. L.— Pvt., 302d Repair Unit. 
 
 Atkins, Maurice A. — Pvt., Co. H, 161st Infantry. 
 
 Atwood, W. Roy— Sgt., Co. H, 309th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Atwood, Hyatt B.— Corp., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Atzrott, Henry J.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Au, Charles E.— Corp., Co. E, 7th Infantry. WA. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 511 
 
 Auer, Lawrence J. — Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Augstell, William J.— Pvt., 302d Engineers. 
 
 Augustyniak, Michael — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Augustejniak, Michael — Pvt., 326th Infantry. 
 
 Aul, Harry R.— Sgt., Co. E, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Aurek, Anthony — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Austin, Elmer R. — Pvt. 
 
 Austin, Harry T.— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Austin, Joseph J. H.— Pvt., Co. F, 307th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Austin, Edward F. — 312th Engineers Train. 
 
 Avery, Charles W. — Pvt., Signal Corps. 
 
 Ayers, Mahlon J. 
 
 Aylward, John A. T. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 156th 
 Depot Brigade. 
 
 Azzarello, Michael — Pvt., A. E. F. 
 
 Andres, Walter C— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Babcock, Arden C— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Babcock, Harold C. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Babcock, Theodore A. — Pvt., 6th Balloon Company. 
 
 Babcock, Warren G.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Babel, Elmer H.— Pvt., 16th Engineers. 
 
 Bach, Elmer W.— Pvt., Co. C, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Boehler, Michael— Pvt., 307th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 
 Bachmann, Aloysius A. — Pvt., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Bachmann, Joseph V. — Pvt., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Bacon, Theodore B. — Pvt., Medical Corps. 
 
 Badame, Joseph— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Bade, George. 
 
 Baderwitz, Herman R. — Corp., Co. D, 4th Motor Sup- 
 ply Train. 
 
 Baetzhold, George J.— Lieut., 309th Field Artillery. 
 
 Baetzhold, Howard K. — Sgt., Headquarters Co., 13th 
 Infantry. 
 
 Baer, John E.— Pvt., Co. D, 305th Machine Gun Bat- 
 talion. WA. 
 
 Baer, Hammond W.— Sgt., Co. 37, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Baetzhold, Arthur G. — Pvt., 12th Ammunition Train. 
 
 Bagen, Bernard— Pvt., 32d Group 3. 
 
 Baginski, Alexander V.— Pvt., Battery F, 19th F. A. 
 
 Bagley, Carlton T., M. D., Lieut., 102d Am. Train. 
 
 Bagley, Roswell P. — Lieut., Air Service. 
 
 Baglio, Rosario — Pvt. 
 
 Baham, Edgar Earl — Pvt. 
 
 Baia, Andrew— Pvt., Co. K, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Baier, George T.— Pvt. 
 
 Bailey, Alam E. — Pvt., Ambulance Corps. 
 
 Bailey, S. S. — Q. M. Sgt., Can. Expeditionary Forces. 
 
 Bailey, Harold C— Sgt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Bailey, Paul V. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Baird, Thomas A.— Pvt., 302d Engineers. 
 
 Baird, Fred H.— Sgt., 307th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 
 Baird, Vincent A.— Pvt., Co. A. 
 
 Baird, Maxwell A. — Pvt., Co. D, 51st Pioneers. 
 
 Bojak, Frank— Pvt., WA. 
 
 Bajarrozzi, Frank — Pvt., 21st Engineers. 
 
 Bakas, Walter— Pvt., Co. G, 59th Pioneers. 
 
 Baker, Albert A.— Sgt., Headq'rs Co., 326th Tank Corps. 
 
 Baker, Chester G.— Corp., WA. 
 
 Baker, Cuthbert — Pvt., 19th Engineers. 
 
 Baker, Grover C. — Mech., 154th Machine Gun School. 
 
 Baker, Harry T.— Pvt., Battery B, 34th Field Artillery. 
 
 Baker, John M.— Pvt., 5th Cavalry. WA. 
 Baker, Stanley— Sgt., Co. B, 306th Infantry. 
 Baker, Webster C— Pvt., 8th Infantry. 
 Baker, C. E.— Pvt., 19th Engineers. 
 Baker, Lansing H. — Corp., Co. A, 107th Infantry. 
 Bakert, Francis A. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Balarek, Kaiser F.— Pvt., Co. F, 59th Pioneers. 
 Balcerek, Ignace — Pvt., Co. C, 49th Battalion. 
 Balcerek, Leo F.— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 Balduf, Elmer W.— Welding School. 
 Baley, Fred E.— Pvt., Co. C, 303d Ammunition Train. 
 Baldy, Wesley H. — Lieut., Ordnance Corps. 
 Balistriere, Pietro — Pvt., Co. 9, 33d Battalion. 
 Balkin, Thomas E. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Ball, Echan T.— Lieut., 212th Engineers. 
 Ball, Chester J. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., Baloon Ser. 
 Ball, Emil C. — Co. 1, Provisional Labor Battalion. 
 Ball, Hiram Smith — Pvt., 498th Aero Squadron. 
 Ball, James F.— Pvt., 331st Battalion Tank Corps. 
 Ball, Joseph B.— Pvt., Band, 55th Infantry. 
 Ball, Joseph G. — Pvt., Headquarters Troop, 77th Div. 
 Ball, William— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry. 
 Ballard, Royal F. — Corp., Co. A, Motor Trans. Corps. 
 Balling, Frank— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 Balling, Joseph P.— Corp., Co. M, 311th Infantry WA 
 November 11, 1918. 
 
 Awarded D. S. C. and Congressional Medal. 
 
 Balling, Lawrence — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Ballou, Ashby— Pvt., Co. D, 420th Field Signal Bat. 
 
 Balthaser, Francis L.— Corp., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Baltes, Wilbur — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Baltus, Christian J.— Pvt., Co. D, 58th Am. Train. 
 
 Baetz, Harold R. — Corp., 214th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Balzamski, V. F.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Balzonoski, Bronislaus F. — Pvt., Co. H, 16th Infantry. 
 WA July 18, 1918. 
 
 Bambam, Carl H. — Battalion Sgt.-Maj., War Risk In- 
 surance Bureau. 
 
 Bame, Alfred C. — Lieut., Aviation. 
 
 Bame, Lynn H. — Pvt., Colored Officers' Training Corps 
 21st Battalion. 
 
 Bomm, Eugene M. — Corp., Officers' Training School. 
 
 Banas, Albert. 
 
 Banasiak, Felix M.— Cook, Co. D, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Bandall, Gordan— Pvt., Co. F, 5th Field Artillery. 
 
 Banfield, Jesse W.— Bugler, Co. H, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Banks, Albert J.— Corp., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Banks, Grover C. — Pvt., Camp Meade. 
 
 Bannister, Chester B.— Pvt., Battery B, 60th F. A. 
 
 Bannister, Wm. M.— Sgt., 317th Trench Mortar Bat. 
 
 Banghaff, Fred— Pvt., 13th Radio Service. 
 
 Bannigan, Thomas J.— Corp., 332d G. and F. 
 
 Barber, Jacob — Corp., Co. G, 61st Infantry. 
 
 Barber, Floyd F.— Sgt., Co. 15, 4th Regiment. 
 
 Barbera, Vincent— Pvt., Co. 33, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Barberie, Anthony V. — Chauffeur, Headquarters, 3d 
 Motor Corps. 
 
 Barczak, Michael— Pvt., 78th Div. Rail Head Supply. 
 
 Barczykowski, Raymond — Wagoner, Supply Co., 306th 
 Infantry. 
 
 Barczykowski, Joseph — 13th Coast Artillery Corps. 
 
512 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Barenthaler, John E.— Pvt., Co. A, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Barenthaler, Peter H., Jr.--Sgt., Co. E, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Barker, George Albert— Sgt. WA October 9, 1918. 
 
 Barker, Henry H.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Barmasse, Peter — Pvt., Co. C, 38th Engineers. 
 
 Bargnese, Domizio — Pvt., Co. 31, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Barnes, Allen — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Barnes, David L. — Pvt., Headquarters, 308th Infantry. 
 
 Barnes, Earl— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. WA Sep- 
 tember 20, 1918. 
 
 Barnes, Gerald T. H. — Trooper, Canadian Mounted 
 Rifles. WA December 27, 1916; September 27, 1918. 
 
 Barnett, James A. — 1st Sgt. 
 
 Barnhardt, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry. 
 WA October 28, 1918. 
 
 Barnum, Harold L. — Pvt., 331st Infantry. 
 
 Barnwell, Albert E.— Sgt., 426th Motor Supply Train. 
 
 Barogiewicz, Theodore L. — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Barone, Anthony L. — Lieut., Med. Corps, 147th Inf. 
 
 Barone, Charles J. — Lieut., Camp Gordon. 
 
 Barone, Dominick R. — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Barone, George L.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Barone, Peter J. — Lieut., Sanitary Train, Field Hos- 
 pital 317. 
 
 Baroe, Richard F.— Lieut., Co. B, 342d Field Artillery. 
 
 Barr, Chas. A.— Sgt. WA. 
 
 Barr, Culver A.— Pvt., Medical, 302d Am. Train. 
 
 Barr, William D. — Pvt., Co. 8, November Automatic 
 Replacement Draft, Tank Corps. 
 
 Barresco, M. G.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Barrett, Edward F.— Pvt., 198th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Barrett, Edward J. — 2d Lieut., Machine Gun Compay, 
 355th Infantry. 
 
 Barrett, Wm. E. — 2d Lieut., Field Artillery, Observa- 
 tion Balloon. 
 
 Barrett, Wm. J.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Barron, John A.— Pvt., Battery C, 10th Field Artillery. 
 
 Barrett, Henry M. — Sgt. 
 
 Barrett, Charles E. — Capt., Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Barrett, Lindley T. — Lieut. 
 
 Barrett, Joseph R. — Pvt., 303d Engineers. 
 
 Barrett, William E. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Barrett, Raymond M.— Sgt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Barron, Earl — Lieut., Co. I, 55th Pioneers. 
 
 Barry, Edward J. — Wagoner, Co. B, 
 
 Barry, Frank D.— Sgt. 
 
 Barry, Leonard B. — Guard, Base Hospital. 
 
 Barry, Stephen V.— Pvt., Co. C, 348th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. 
 
 Bartczak, John — Pvt., Co. D, 303d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Bartells, George E. — Sgt., 807th Stevedore Regiment. 
 
 Barteszewicz, Michael — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Barth, Charles F. — Lieut., 5th Pioneers. 
 
 Barth, Charles N.— Pvt., Battery C, 13th F. A. 
 
 Barth, Edgar J. — Sgt., Co. 27, Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Barth, Charles— Pvt., Co. C, 67th Tank Corps. 
 
 Barth, Joseph A. — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Barthelemy, Frank A. — Pvt., 5th Service Co., Signal 
 Corps. 
 
 Barthelemy, Louis A. — Pvt., 348th Infantry. 
 
 Bartholemew, Frank D. — Sgt., Ambulance Corps. 
 
 Bartlett, Edward R.— Capt., Headq'rs Co., 308th Inf. 
 
 Bartlett, Evans E. — Lieut., Ordnance Service. 
 
 Bartlett, Lawrence M. — Capt., Gas Officer. 
 
 Bartlett, Monell F.— Corp., 328th Tank Corps. 
 
 Barton, Stephen— Pvt., Co. B, 102d Field Signal Bat'n. 
 
 Bartoszewski, Benedict — Pvt., Co. D, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Bartz, Ernest H.— Pvt., 502d Engineers. 
 
 Bartz, Willard A.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Barush, Frank — Wagoner, Supply Co., 348th Infantry. 
 
 Baschnagel, Fred J.— Pvt., Co. E, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Baske, William— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 306th Inf. 
 
 Basekowski, Anthony — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Basher, George W. — Pvt. 
 
 Bassett, John W. — Corp., Co. A, 1st Chemical Research 
 Warfare Regiment. WG October, 1918. 
 
 Bassett, Charles K. — 1st Lieut., Engineering Staff, 
 Ordnance Department. 
 
 Bastedo, John— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Basztura, Maximilion — Pvt., Co. 1, 2d Regiment, Po- 
 lish Army. 
 
 Baszcynski, John — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Baszynski, Peter F.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Bateman, Henry 0. — Corp., Headq'rs Co., 307th Inf. 
 
 D. S. C. for volunteering to bring in a wounded comrade under 
 fire Nov. 4, 1918, at St. Pierreraont. 
 
 Bater, Leon — Pvt., 21st Infantry. 
 
 Bates, Alfred S.— Sgt., Co. D, 102d Engineers. WG 
 
 October 12, 1918. 
 Bates, Frank E. — Mounted Orderly. 
 Bates, William H.— Pvt., 337th Battalion, Tank Corps. 
 Bates, William H.— Pvt., Co. B, 37th Engineers. 
 Batt, George W. — Capt., Medical Reserve. 
 Batt, Leo C— Lieut., 117th Inf. WG Sept. 29, 1918. 
 Battaglia, Cosimo A. — Pvt., Base Hospital 5. 
 Battaglia, Charles— Pvt., 307th Infantry. 
 Battaglia, Frank B.— Bugler, Co. 20, 152d Depot Brig. 
 Battels, James J. — Pvt., Co. B, 111th Engineers. 
 Battin, Joseph V.— Corp., 308th Infantry. 
 Battle, Johnny— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Bauer, Arthur G.— Pvt., Co. A, 342d Bat., Tank Corps. 
 Bauer, Clarence L. — Pvt., Headq'rs Co., 309th Inf. 
 Bauer, Fred — Pvt., 342d Squadron Field Remount. 
 Bauer, Lawrence C — Pvt., 638th Aero Squadron. 
 Bauer, Edward L.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 Bauer, Frank P.— Pvt., Co. F, 303d Engineers. 
 Bauer, Joseph — Pvt., Battery D, 71st Field Artillery. 
 Bauer, George L.— Pvt., Co. C, 336th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. 
 Bauer, John P.^Pvt., Co. F, First Army Replacement 
 
 Depot. 
 Bauer, Frank— Pvt., Co. E, 61st Infantry. WA. 
 Bauer, Louis— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry. 
 Bauer, Thomas G.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Bauer, Wm. J.— Pvt., Battery C, 335th F. A. 
 Bauerlein, Anthony J. — Musician, Headq'rs, 309th Inf. 
 Bauerlein, John M. — Sgt., Signal Corps. 
 Bauerlein, Joseph C. — Corp., Aberdeen Provisional 
 
 Guards. 
 Bauernfeind, Robert — 311th Ambulance Co. 
 Baughman, Frank R. — Pvt., Co. A, 32d Division, 
 
 American Military Police. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 513 
 
 Baum, Chester P.— Pvt., Co. D, 422d Field Signal 
 Battalion. 
 
 Baum, Ernest M.— Sgt., Co. H, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Bauman, Walter A. — Pvt., Headquarters, 327th Inf. 
 
 Bauman, Clarence W. — Wagoner, Supply Co., 53d 
 Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Baumann, Carl J.— Pvt., Battery A, 335th F. A. 
 
 Baumann, Joseph H. — Pvt., Headquarters, 346th Inf. 
 
 Baumann, Joseph J. — Sgt., Supply Co., 335th Infantry. 
 
 Baumann, Jacob G. — F Squadron, Air Service. 
 
 Baumgart, August — Co. G, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Baumgart, Carl— Pvt., Co. G, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Baumgart, George — 475th Motor Truck Co. 
 
 Baumgart, William — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Baumgartner, Louis H. — Corp., Battery C, 32d Artil- 
 lery, 4th Platoon. 
 
 Baumgartner, Albert B. — Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Baumler, Benjamin — Pvt., Co. A, 237th Infantry. 
 
 Baumler, Wm. H. — Bugler, 12th Battalion. 
 
 Baxter, Robert R. — Pvt., 45th Medical Department. 
 
 Bayer, Albert— Co. C, 209th Signal Corps. 
 
 Bayer, Henry — Pvt., Co. C, 61st Engineers. 
 
 Bayer, Wm. R. — Ist-class Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Bayuse, Joseph — Rifle Range Force. 
 
 Bayliss, Ralph J.— Pvt., Co. A, 37th Coast Art. Corps. 
 
 Baynes, Carlton L. — Sgt., 825th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Baynes, Charles M.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Bayuse, George — 111th Tank Corps. 
 
 Bazmierski, Leonard — Pvt., Co. B, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Bazutka, George A. — Corp. WA. 
 
 Beach, Irving T. — Pvt., Coast Artillery Corps. 
 
 Beach, Leo A.— Sgt., 326th Battalion, Tank Corps. 
 
 Beach, Wladyslaw— Pvt., Co. C, Battalion B. 
 
 Beals, Horace E. — Pvt., Unattached. 
 
 Beam, William H.— Pvt., Co. D, 14th First Army Re- 
 placement Depot. 
 
 Bean, Clarence S.— Wagoner, Supply Co., 327th Inf. 
 
 Bear, Abraham — Ist-class Pvt., Headquarters, Ma- 
 chine Gun Transport Corps. 
 
 Bear, Samuel — Pvt., Jewish Legion. 
 
 Beard, Norman — Pvt., Co. B, 1st Devp. Battalion. 
 
 Beauchamp, George R.— Sgt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Beaver, Walter C— 2d Lieut., 13th Cavalry. 
 
 Bebee, Edwin L. — Maj., 55th Pioneers. 
 
 Bechner, George C. — Pvt. 
 
 Bechtold, Arthur F.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. WA 
 September 21, 1918. 
 
 Beck, Elmer C. — Sgt., Headquarters, Machine Gun 
 Transport Corps. 
 
 Beck, Elmer J. — 6th Regiment. 
 
 Beck, Joseph P.— Cook, M. T. D., Machine Gun 
 Transport Corps. 
 
 Becker, Francis R.— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Becker, Frank L. — Sgt., Provost Guards. 
 
 Becker, Fred — Pvt., Medical Department. 
 
 Becker, Harry C. — Ward Master, General Hospital 5. 
 
 Becker, Henry— Pvt., Co. M, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Becker, Henry J.— Pvt., Co. C, 303d Ammunition Tr'n. 
 
 Becker, .John W.— P\t., Co. F, 306th Infantry. WG. 
 
 Becker, Joseph W.— Sgt., Co. C, 308th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. 
 
 Becker, Philip— Pvt., Co. K, 148th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 29, 1918. 
 Becker, William H. — Pvt., Co. A, 65th Engineers. 
 Becker, Frank— Co. L, 306th Infantry. 
 Becker, Samuel — Pvt., Co. 4, Aviation Medical Corps. 
 Becker, Earl J.— Sgt., Supply Co., 60th Pioneer Inf. 
 Becker, Charles W.— Ist-class Sgt., Co. G, 29th Eng. 
 Beckley, Albert J. — Corp., Co. 4, 2d M.M., Aviation. 
 Beckley, William J. — 1st Lieut., Co. A, 305th Battalion, 
 
 Tank Corps. 
 Beebe, Harry C— Sgt., Supply Co., 327th Infantry. 
 Bednarz, Joseph F. — Pvt., Headquarters, 311th Inf. 
 Bednarek, Walter — Pvt., Headquarters, 346th Infantry. 
 Beecher, Edward L. — Corp., Pigeon Serv. Signal Corps. 
 Beecher, Michael J. — Pvt., Co. D, 7th Infantry. W 
 
 Shell Shock August 16. 1918. 
 Beer, J. Howard— Corp., Co. G, 348th Infantry. 
 Beer, Raymond H. — Sgt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 Beer, Frederick A. — 348th Ambulance Corps. 
 Beger, Frank E.— Pvt., Co. M, 347th Infantry. 
 Beger, John J. — Pvt., Co. A, 26th Coast Artillery Corps. 
 Beggs, Alexander H. — Corp., Supply Co., 311th Inf. 
 Behling, Ira L. — Pvt., 619th Aero Squadron. 
 Behrens, Charles H.— Pvt., Battery C, 104th F. A. 
 Behringer, Charles — Pvt., 23d Co., Canadian Officers' 
 
 Training School. 
 Beierl, Robt. F. — Corp., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Beierlein, Otto F.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 Beilein, Anthony— Pvt., Battery E, 35th Field Artillery. 
 Beilman, Walter G. — Instructor, M. Machine Gun Corps. 
 Bellman, Howard F. — Pvt., 7th Co., 2d Development 
 
 Brigade. 
 Beilman, Charles S. — 1st Lieut., Asst.Adjt., Camp Gordon 
 Beimler, Henry C. — Corp., Headquarters, 328th Inf. 
 Beimler, John N. — Cook, 51st Balloon Company. 
 Beitz, Frederick W. — Pvt., Co. B, Machine Gun Batt'n. 
 Beiser, Frederick E. — Ist-class Pvt., Ordnance Depot. 
 Beitz, Frank— Pvt., 78th Division. WA. 
 Belert, Clifford L.— Pvt., 311th Field Hospital. 
 Bell, Albert F.— Pvt., Ordnance Depot. 
 Bell, Chester G.— Sgt., Co. C, Section B. 
 Bell, Edward— Pvt., 7th Co., 2d Battalion. 
 Bell, Frederick A.— 1st Sgt., Co. B, 14th Replacement 
 
 Battalion. 
 Bell, Homer G.— 2d Lieut., Am. Red Cross. 
 Bell, John A. — Sgt., Headq'rs, Quartermaster Corps. 
 Bell, Leon L.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. WG. 
 Bell, Wm. H.— 1st Sgt., U. S. Coast Guards. 
 Bell, William P.— Pvt., Headquarters, 347th Infantry. 
 Belliotti, Joseph L. — 1st Lieut., Base Hosp. Med. Corps. 
 Bellomastro, Frank — Pvt. WA. 
 Bellony, Alexander M. — Capt., War Department, 
 
 Chief of Engineers. 
 Belzer, Lester J.^ — Pvt., Base Hospital 23. 
 Belzer, Elmer J. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Belzer, Melvin — 1st Lieut., Base Hospital 67. 
 Bensch, Raymond S. — 2d Lieut., Co. C, 12th Machine 
 
 Gun Officers' Training Corps. 
 Bender, Daniel W.— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry. WS 
 
 September 7, 1918. 
 Bender, William F. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
514 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Benedict, A. L. — Capt., Medical Corps. 
 
 Benker, William— Pvt., 31st Co., 163d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Benkler, Andrew A. — Wagoner, Co. D, 302d Ammuni- 
 tion Train. 
 
 Benner, Floyd E. — Corp., Headquarters, 78th Division. 
 
 Bennett, Fred— Pvt., Co. A, 304th Machine Gun Batt'n. 
 
 Bennett, Herbert A. — Pvt., 101st Machine Gun School. 
 
 Bennett, Clayton G. — Pvt., 2d Provisional Company. 
 
 Bennett, A. Lawton— Corp., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Bennett, Everett W.— Sgt., Headquarters, 84th Inf. 
 
 Bennett, Harry V. — Pvt., Motor Corps. 
 
 Bennett, William S.— Co. A, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Bennighof, Fred H.— Pvt., 2d R. A. P. 
 
 Bennighof, Roy W.— Pvt., Troop M, 16th U. S. Cav. 
 
 Benning, Lawrence J. — Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Berding, Kurt E.— Pvt., Co. A, 25th Infantry. 
 
 Bersching, Carl N. — Pvt., Section 1, Gas Service. 
 
 Benson, MjTon 0. — Pvt., Co. F, 59th Pioneers. 
 
 Benson, Lawrence J. — 2d Lieut., 377th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Bentkowski, Chester A.— Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry. 
 WG October 15, 1918. 
 
 Bentkowski, Brownie J. — Co. D, 220th Engineers. 
 
 Bentkowski, Walter— Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Bentkowski, Felix J.— Pvt., Co. A, 306th Machine Gun 
 Battahon. WG September 15, 1918. 
 
 Bently, Floyd G.— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Am. Train. 
 
 Benz, Albert F.— Pvt., Co. M, 3d Battalion. 
 
 Benz, Edward— Pvt., 22d Co., Military Police. 
 
 Benz, Lorenz A.— Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry. WA 
 November 3, 1918. 
 
 Benzer, Arthur H., Jr. — Ist-class Pvt., Surgeon Gen- 
 eral's office. 
 
 Benzin, J. Henry — Corp., Co. I, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Benzing, John M. — Pvt., Prisoner November 18, 1918. 
 
 Benzinger, Robert. 
 
 Benzinger, Wm. E.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Berberich, Norbert M —310th U. S. G. F. 
 
 Berent, George — Pvt., Co. C, 74th Infantry. 
 
 Berg, Charles E. — Sgt., 306th Ambulance Company. 
 
 Berg, Henry C— Pvt., Co. L, 59th Pioneers. 
 
 Berg, James P.— Pvt., Co. F, 20th Trench Mortar Bat. 
 
 Berg, John A. — Pvt., 2d Co., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Berger, Frank X.— Pvt., Battery B, 114th F. A. 
 
 Berger, George — Pvt., 23d Engineers. 
 
 Bergman, Frank S. — Pvt., Co. F, 118th Engineers. 
 
 Bergman, Brownie — Pvt., Co. D, Developm't Battalion. 
 
 Bergman, William— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Am. Train. 
 
 Bergquist, Edwin W.— Pvt., Battery A, 7th F. A. 
 
 Berk, Abraham D.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Berkowska, Waclaw — Ist-class Pvt., Co. K, 347th Inf. 
 
 Berlin, Francis F.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Bermelen, William C. — Co. A, 5th Trench Battalion, 
 Signal Corps. 
 
 Bermighof, Raymond M. — Pvt., Co. A, 146th Machine 
 Gun Battalion. 
 
 Berner, Charles — Co. B, 303d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Bernhard, Arthur— Pvt., Co. F, 52d Infantry. 
 
 Bernhard, Emil P.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Bernhardt, Carl F.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Bernhard, Frank 0.— Pvt., 10th Co., lo6th Depot Brig. 
 
 Bernhardt, Frank — Corp. WA. 
 
 Berns, George W.— Pvt., Co. E, 334th Field Artillery. 
 
 Bernsdorf, Frank — Co. M, 331st Infantry. 
 
 Bernstein, Alex— Pvt., C. W. S. Gassed. 
 
 Bernstein, David L. — Pvt., 308th Ambulance Corps. 
 
 Bernstein, Joseph N. — Pvt., 311th Infantry. WA No- 
 vember 1, 1918. 
 
 Bertasino, Antonio — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Bertch, John S.— Sgt., 5th Balloon Company. WA 
 October 13, 1918. 
 
 Bertola, Cosimo— Pvt., Co. G, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Bertola, John — Medical Corps. 
 
 Bertrand, Earl M. — Pvt., 488th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Besch, Joseph A. — Corp., Co. B, 304th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. 
 
 Besck, Herman E.— Sgt., Co. H, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Besser, Fred K.— Bugler, Battery E, 35th F. A. 
 
 Besstak, Alois— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Besstak, Frank X.— Pvt., Co. C, 59th Pioneers. 
 
 Besstak, Andrew J. — Wagoner, Headquarters, 312th 
 Ammunition Train. 
 
 Best, Clyde C— Base Hospital 70, Medical Corps. 
 
 Best, Harry C— Cook, Co. B, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Best, Walter K.— Corp. WA. 
 
 Bethmann, Albert F. — 15th Regiment, Air Service. 
 
 Bethune, Charles W. — Lieut., Medical Corps. 
 
 Betsch, Leo W.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Betto, Carlton W. — Lieut., Signal Corps. 
 
 Betz, John J. — Pvt., Co. E, 104th Ammunition Train. 
 
 Betz, Peter H.— Pvt., Co. D, 318th Engineers. 
 
 Beuchot, Clement C. — 1st Lieut., Headquarters, 310th 
 Infantry. 
 
 Beveridge, Kenneth M. — 2d Lieut., 334th Aero Squad- 
 ron, Air Service. 
 
 Beveridge, Leslie M. — Pvt., 104th Ammunition Train. 
 
 Beveridge, Robert — Sgt., 320th Remt. Squadron. 
 
 Beveridge, Ross A.— Corp., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Beves, Joe — Pvt., 65th Co., 155th Depot Brigade. 
 
 Beyel, John W.— Pvt., Co. C, 336th Machine Gun Bat. 
 
 Beyer, Wm. E. — Pvt., Ordnance Department. 
 
 Bialskoz, Albert H.— Pvt., Battery D, 335th F. A. 
 
 Bebby, William A. — Pvt., Headquarters, 311th Infan- 
 try. WA October 28, 1918. 
 
 Biak, Wm.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. Prisoner. 
 
 Biber, William L. — Lieut., 414th Motor Transport 
 Corps. 
 
 Bick, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. B, 48th Battalion. 
 
 Bickel, Albert G.— Sgt., Headquarters, 319th Eng. 
 
 Bickel, Carl B.— Pvt., 3d E. 0. S. S. 
 
 Bichel, Joseph J.— Corp., Co. C, 309th Infantry. WA 
 September 30, 1918, France. 
 
 Bickelman, Albert G. — Pvt., Co. A, 7th Regiment. 
 
 Bickelman, George — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Bickelman, John E. — Corp., Ordnance Corps. 
 
 Biden, John D. — Pvt., 54th Coast Artillery Corps. 
 
 Biechowiak, Frank J. — Corp. WA. 
 
 Biegapka, Frank— Pvt., Supply Co., 36th F. A. 
 
 Bieger, Felix— 10th Tr. Battalion. 
 
 Bieger, Frank — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Bissinger, Frederick — Pvt., 20th Canadian Battalion. 
 Gassed August 30, 1918. 
 
 Enlisted when 15 years of age. Taken prisoner by Germans after 
 lying for several days on the field. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 515 
 
 Bielanin, Jack A. — Pvt., Machine Gun, 1st Infantry. 
 
 Bielinski, Alexander — Pvt., 307th Infantry. 
 
 Bierbaum, Robert A. — Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 WS and Gassed. 
 
 Bierma, Harvey E. — Lieut., Ordnance Department. 
 
 Bierma, Herbert W.— Pvt., Co. C, 336th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. 
 
 Biernacki, Stanley — Pvt., Medical Department. WA 
 November 5, 1918. 
 
 Biera, Frederick J.— Pvt., Co. G, 320th Infantry. 
 
 Bies, Wm. G.— Pvt., Photo Section 53. 
 
 Bleth, Julius N.— Pvt., Co. B, 60th Battalion. 
 
 Bifulco, Dominick T.— Pvt., Co. K, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Bigelow, A. R. — Lieut., Medical Department. 
 
 Bigelow, Chas. C. — Corp., Medical Corps. 
 
 Bigerow, Chauncey A. — Pvt., Co. A, 327th Infantry. 
 
 Bigosinski, Ignatius M.— Pvt., 20th Co., 1st Office Regt. 
 
 Bihr, Joseph — Corp., Co. B, 1st Battalion Engineers. 
 
 Bilitzki, John— Sgt. WA. 
 
 Bilskey, Joseph J.— Pvt., 307th Field Hospital. 
 
 Binga, Daniel J. — Pvt. 
 
 Binga, Stephen V.— Pvt. 
 
 Bingel, Frank A. — Pvt., Replacement Unit. 
 
 Bingham, Alfred H. — Sgt.-Maj., 356th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Biniolas, Manuel S.— Pvt., 3d Infantry. 
 
 Binkert, Albert E.— Pvt., Co. H, 21st Engineers. 
 
 Binkert, George J.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. WG 
 September 9, 1918. 
 
 Binkert, George — Mech. WA. 
 
 Binzee, Arthur C, Jr. — Ist-class Pvt., Surgeon Gen- 
 eral's Office. 
 
 Bircholdt, WiOiam H.— Pvt., 302d Field Signal Batt'n. 
 
 Bird, Cyrus R.— Maj., School of Fire, Field Artillery. 
 
 Bird, Frederick H. — 1st Lieut., Ordnance Department. 
 
 Bird, Frank B.— 1st Lieut., 308th Machine Gun Batt'n. 
 
 Birk, William— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. Prisoner. 
 
 Birkman, George C— Corp., Headq'rs, 306th Tank Bat. 
 
 Birmingham, William A. — Battalion Sgt.-Maj., 7th In- 
 fantry. WG October 10, 1918. 
 
 Birtch, Joseph T.— Pvt., 22d Co., 20th Engineers. 
 
 Birtch, Paul J.— 1st Sgt., 10th Depot Brigade. 
 
 Bischenella, Michele — Pvt., Canadian Officers' Train- 
 ing School. 
 
 Bishop, George R. — Sgt., 107th Co., Transport Corps. 
 
 Bishop, Edward — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Bishop, George R.— Pvt., Co. E, 19th Reg., Tank Corps. 
 
 Bishop, John L.— Pvt., Battery C, 11th F. A. 
 
 Bishop, Peter — Cook. WA. 
 
 Bishop, Roy M. — Pvt., Uth Road Company. 
 
 Bissell, Lloyd — Capt., 5th Corps, Artillery Park. 
 
 Bitterman, Lawrence — Pvt., 12th Battalion, Depot Co. 
 
 Bixby, Bert J. — Capt., Medical Corps. 
 
 Bjork, Ernest A.— Sgt., 311th Infantry. 
 
 Blachowski, John— Cook, Co. F, 306th Infantry. WG. 
 
 Blachowski, Julius J.— Pvt., Co. A, 104th Infantry. 
 
 Black, Edwin S.— 1st Sgt., 273d Aero Squadron. 
 
 Blackmer, Horace B.— 1st Sgt., Co. L, 52d Pioneer Inf. 
 
 Blackmon, P. C. — Sgt., Columbus Barracks. 
 
 Blair, Alexander J.— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Blair, Charles— Sgt., Co. C, 326th Infantry. WA 
 October 15, 1918. 
 
 Blair, James— Pvt., Co. B, 811th Infantry. 
 
 Blair, Richard, Jr. — Pvt., Ordnance Department. 
 
 Blais, Arthur R.— Pvt., Co. H, 307th Infantry. Injured. 
 
 Blake, Robert — Corp., Headquarters, 7th Army Corps. 
 
 Blakslee, Robert P. — Corp., Co. D, 51st Pioneers. 
 
 Blanchard, William H.— Bugler. WA. 
 
 Blandford, Milton H. — Pvt., 3d Battalion, Commis- 
 sioned Officers' Training School. 
 
 Blaney, William R. — Pvt., Headquarters, 37th Eng. 
 
 Blank, Harry F.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Bias, Frank — Pvt., Chemical Warfare Service. 
 
 Blasdale, R.— Pvt., 5th R. F. 
 
 Blase, Charles— Pvt., Co. M, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Blase, Oscar M. — Sgt., Headquarters, 2d Provisional 
 Brigade. 
 
 Blaszak, Joe — Pvt., 11th Co., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Blaszak, Louis— Pvt., Co. K, 306th Inf. WA twice. 
 
 Blazek, Constantine— Pvt., Co E, 35th Infantry. 
 
 Blaszkiewicz, Bronislaw — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Blatner, J. Leo — Pvt., Headquarters, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Blatner, Wm.— Pvt. WA September 20, 1918. 
 
 Blaufuss, Chester A — Pvt., Co A, 54th Engineers. 
 
 Bleichfeld, Julius— Pvt., Battery F, 34th F. A. 
 
 Bleichfeld, Solomon— Sgt., Co. A, 69th Field Artillery. 
 
 Bleimeister, Eugene R. — Pvt., 10th Co., Air Service. 
 
 Blendowski, Theodore — Pvt., Co. A, 303d Ammunition 
 
 Bleyle, Harold— Pvt., Co. C, 1st Battalion. 
 
 Bleyle, Norman A. — Pvt., Remount Depot. 
 
 Bliemeister, Charles— Pvt., Co. A, 312th Supply Train. 
 
 Block, Adrian — 2d Lieut., Air Service. 
 
 Block, Frederick C. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Bloeth, Frank— Pvt., Co. C, 148th Infantry. 
 
 Blosham, Norman B. — Pvt., 35th Engineers. 
 
 Blottner, William— Co. D, 307th Infantry. WA Sep- 
 tember 24, 1918. 
 
 Bleiler, Raymon — Pvt , Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Bleustein, Louis R — Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Blendowski, Theodore— Pvt., Co. A, 303 Am. Train. 
 
 Bleyle, Charles— 1st Sgt., 202d Co., Prisoner of War 
 Escort. 
 
 Bliemeister, Richard— Pvt., Co. C, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Blimm, Ben C— Wagoner, 1st Battalion, 302d Eng. 
 
 Block, Edgar H.— Capt., Co. K, 309th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Block, Edward J.— Pvt., 6th Co., H. M. O. R. S. 
 
 Block, John W.— Sgt., Co. B, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Bloeth, Frank— Pvt., Co. C, 148th Infantry. 
 
 Blow, Walter H.— Corp., Co. C, 6th Bat., Signal Corps. 
 
 Bluestein, Louis R. — Corp., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Bluestein, Harry C. — Ist-class Pvt., 78th Division, 
 American Truck Company, 303d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Blum, Albert W. — Pvt., Watervliet Arsenal. 
 
 Blumenstein, Christian — Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Blumenstein, George E. — Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Blumme, Leo G.— Pvt., Battery A, 26th Field Artillery. 
 
 Blundy, Joseph R.— Sgt., Machine Gun Co., 309th Inf. 
 
 Boardman, Frederick D.— Pvt., Co. E, 136th Infantry. 
 
 Boberck, Michael— Pvt., Co. E, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Boberck, John— Corp., Co. H, 327th Infantry. WA 
 July 17, 1918. 
 
 Bochichio, Joseph — Pvt., Coast Artillery Corps. 
 
 Bock, Edward C. — Observer, Radio Station. 
 
516 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Bock, Henry E. — Corp., Quartermaster Corps, 1st 
 
 Army Depot Division. 
 Bock, Walter J.— Pvt., 437th Engineers. 
 Bocks, Andrew J. — Sgt. WA. 
 Bockstahler, Henry W. — 12th Ammunition Train. 
 Bodkin, Michael P.— Pvt., Co. D, 324th Infantry. 
 Boeck, Ellsworth R. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Boehler, Louis— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 28, 1918. 
 Boehmke, John F. — Headquarters, 7th Army Corps. 
 Boehringer, Clarence C. — Corp., Co. F, 312th Motor 
 
 Supply Train. 
 Boelmke, Charles E.— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry. 
 Boesl, Jacob — Headquarters, Camp Eustis. 
 Boettcher, Edward J.— Pvt., 41st Co., 153d D. B. 
 Bogan, William J. — Ist-class Pvt., Quartermaster, 302d 
 
 Engineers. 
 Bogard, Harry. 
 
 Bogart, Zeno E.— Pvt., Co. L, 19th Infantry. 
 Bogacka, Francis — Pvt., Artillery 
 Bogacka, Edward — Pvt., Infantry. 
 Bogacka, Albert — Pvt., Medical Corps. 
 Boge, Henry— Pvt., G.R.S. 315. 
 Bogel, Frank P.— Sgt., Co. C, 3d Anti-Aircraft Machine 
 
 Gun Battalion. 
 Bogucki, Stanley— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 18, 1918. 
 Bohen, James V.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. 
 Bohen, John— Pvt., Co. F, 346th Infantry. 
 Bohn, George — Pvt., 327th Motor Truck Company. 
 Boinska, Stanley— Pvt., Co. D, 347th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 7, 1918. 
 Bojanowska, Peter P. — Co. A, 164th. 
 Bojanowski, John — 7th Tr. Battalion. 
 Boje, Frederick W.— Pvt., Medical, 312th Am. Train. 
 Boje, Gustav A. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. F, 52d Pioneer 
 
 Infantry. 
 Bokaczewski, Joseph — Pvt. WA. 
 Poland, Daniel C— Pvt., Base Hospital 23. 
 Boland, David W.— Pvt. WA. 
 Poland, Dennis L. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Boland, Edward R. — Master Electrician, 37th Balloon 
 
 Company. 
 Boland, James A. — Pvt., Mobile Hospital Unit 100. 
 Boland, John J. — Corp., Co. I, 307th Infantry. 
 Boland, Raymond L. — Ist-class Pvt., Section 2, Mobile 
 
 Operating Unit 1. 
 Boland, William J. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Boldt, John— Pvt., Supply Co., 311th Infantry. 
 Boldue, Alcide— Corp., 18th Co., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 Boiler, George E. — Mechanic, 16th Co., 3d Air Service. 
 Boldt, John— Wagoner, Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 Bolton, John — 1st Lieut., Headquarters, 3d Army Corps. 
 Boiler, William A. — Sgt., Bakery, 305th Quartermaster 
 
 Corps. 
 Boltz, Jacob J. — Pvt., Co. I, 35th Engineers. 
 Bolyard, W^esley C, Jr.- Co. H, 306th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 13, 1918. 
 Bomissuto, Samuel — Co. B. 
 
 Bomm, Harvey M. — Corp., 804th Motor Transport Co. 
 Bompezyk, Frank — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Bona, Joe — Pvt., 5th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Bonafede, Salvatore — Pvt. 
 
 Boncordi, Salvadore — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Bond, Louis H. — 2d Lieut., Coast Artillery (Unattached. ) 
 
 Bondeur, C— Pvt., Co. E, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Boneberg, Milton F. — Pvt., Headquarters, 11th F. A. 
 
 Boneberg— Co. E, 334th Field Artillery. 
 
 Boneo, Joseph — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Boner, William C— Pvt., 13th Co., Military Police. 
 W September 1918. 
 
 Boner, Charles C— Pvt., Co. K, 21st Engineers. W 
 October 1918. 
 
 Bonfiglio, Angelo — Pvt., 14th Co., Depot Brigade, 
 Camp Wheeler. 
 
 Boniak, Frank — Corp., Co. F, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Bonne, Joseph— Pvt., Co. K, 7th Infantry. W Octo- 
 ber 20, 1918, Argonne Forest. 
 
 Bonnes, Frank— Pvt., Co. D, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Bonsteel, Floyd J.— Pvt., Co. I, 353d Infantry. 
 
 Bontezyk, Frank — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Bonwhuis, Joseph A. — Pvt. 
 
 Boore, Charles H.— Pvt., Co. F, 12th Battalion. 
 
 Boos, Albert — Corp., Mechanic, Air Service. 
 
 Booth, Earl R. — Pvt., Mechanical Detachment. 
 
 Booth, Donald S. — Corp., 5th Mach. Gun Train. Camp. 
 
 Bopkowski, Waclaw — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Boracsewski, Joseph — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Borchard, Daniel A. — Ist-class Pvt., 214th Engineers. 
 
 Borelli, Peter— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Borg, Benjamin — Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Bork, Milton E. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps, Camp 
 Jackson. 
 
 Borkowicz, J. F. — Headquarters Troop, East, Va. 
 
 Borkowski, Adam A. — Pvt., Headquarters, 348th Inf. 
 
 Borkowski, James — 11th Infantry. 
 
 Borkowski, Stephan — Pvt. M February. 
 
 Borkowski, Waclaw — Pvt., Co. A, 308th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. W October 18, 1918. 
 
 Borman, William F.— Sgt., 310th Co., Motor Supply 
 Train Unit. 
 
 Borowiak, Casmer — Pvt., Co. B, Base Hospital 6. 
 
 Borowiak, Ignatius — Pvt., Co. C, 59th Pioneer. 
 
 Borowiec, Chester A. — Pvt., 99th Casualty Company. 
 
 Borowezyr, Michael — 346th Infantry. 
 
 Borowiak, Edward — Headquarters Supply Company. 
 
 Borowiak, John — Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Borowski, Chester E.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Borowski, Peter— Pvt., Field Hospital 327. 
 
 Borowski, Joseph— Pvt., Co. E, 16th Infantry. WA 
 April 29, 1918. 
 
 Borrasco, Gennaro — Mechanic. WA. 
 
 Borst, Albert H.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Bosinski, William F. — Corp., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Boston, Charles W.— Sgt., Co. G, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Boston, Elmer W.— Pvt., Camp McClellan. 
 
 Boston, Norman H. — Pvt., Coast Artillery. 
 
 Boswell, Lambert F.— Pvt., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Bosworth, Henry B. — 2d Lieut., 30th Co., Commis- 
 sioned Officers' Training School. 
 
 Bosz, Fred— Wagoner, Co. H, 306th Infantry. WA 
 November 7, 1918, 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 517 
 
 Boszynski, Peter F.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Both, Edwin C— Pvt., Medical, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Both, Harry 0.— Co. G, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Botke, Peter— Pvt., Co. A, 346th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Bouman, William .J.— Pvt., Co. A, 304th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. 
 
 Bourne, Frank M.— Corp., Co. K, 306th Infantry. W 
 August 23, 1918. 
 
 Bourne, Ronald B.— Pvt., Co. E, 413th Field Signal 
 Battalion, Signal Corps. 
 
 Bovi, Nicholas— Pvt., Co. I, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Bowe, Charles H. — Pvt., Co. A, 1st Gas Regiment. 
 WG November 5, 1918. 
 
 Bowen, Carl C— Pvt., Co. A, 38th Engineers. 
 
 Bowen, Ernest L. — 6th Balloon Company. 
 
 Bowen, Paul J. — Pvt., Headquarters, 27th Division. 
 
 Bowen, Percy L. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Bower, Julius J.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Bower, Robert J.— Corp., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Bowers, Frank E. — Pvt., Tank Corps. 
 
 Bowers, Raymond T. — Sgt., 17th Battalion Camp Dix. 
 
 Bowez, William C— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Bowez, Gordon R.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Bowman, Arthur— Pvt., 302d M.R.S. 
 
 Bowman, Chas. J. — Corp., Bordeaux Emb. Camp. 
 
 Bowman, George C. — Colonel, General Headquarters, 
 American Expeditionary Force. 
 
 Boyd, Harold E.— Sgt., 35th Co., Commissioned Offi- 
 cers Training Camp. 
 
 Boyd, Donald W.— Sgt., Co. H, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Boyd, Robert — Pvt., Co. D, Headquarters. 
 
 Boye, Fred F.— Pvt., Co. I, 1st Battalion. 
 
 Boyle, Charles F. — Sgt., 31st Balloon Company. 
 
 Boyle, Edward H.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Boyle, Gerald — Lieut., Aviation. 
 
 Boyle, Howard A. — Lieut., British Royal Air Force. 
 WA July, 1918. 
 
 Boyle, James J. — 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Boyle, Raymond T.— Corp., 9th Co., 2d Reg't, A. S. M. 
 
 Boyle, James P. — 176th Battalion, Niagara Rangers. 
 
 Boyle, Frederick M. — Capt., Medical Corps. 
 
 Boyle, Joseph V. — Ist-class Pvt., Field Artillery, Com- 
 missioned Officers Training School, 25th Battalion. 
 
 Braam, Robert E. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Brace, William H.— Corp., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Brach, George— Sgt., Co. G, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Braciak, Peter — Corp., Co. A, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Brachmann, Henry N. — Pvt. 
 
 Brachmann, Frank — Pvt., Casual. 
 
 Brachmann, Louis H. — Pvt. 
 
 Brader, Nicholas — Corp., Co. A, 38th Engineers. 
 
 Bradfield, Fred M.— Ist-class Pvt., 307th Infantry. 
 
 Bradley, Francis J. — Lieut., Canadian Expeditionary 
 Force. WA September 26, 1918. 
 
 Bradley, James L. — Pvt., Tank Corps. 
 
 Brady, Edward J. — Pvt., 304th Ammunition Train. 
 
 Brady, John J.— Pvt. 
 
 Brady, Joseph— Pvt., Co. A, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Brady, William J. — Pvt., 6th Co., 20th Engineers. 
 
 Brady, George — Ist-class Pvt., Co. I, 311th Infantry. 
 WG October 20, 1918. 
 
 Brady, John C. — 1st Lieut., Hospital Unit 24. 
 
 Brady, Joe— Pvt., 26th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Brammell, Fred A. — Sgt., Headquarters, 309th Infantry 
 
 Branch, Clifford E.— Capt., 2d A. A. Machine Gun Bat. 
 
 Brand, Clarence J.— Pvt., Co. B, Tank Corps. 
 
 Brand, Harrington — Pvt., Remount Depot. 
 
 Brand, John C. — Pvt., Provost Guard. 
 
 Brand, George W. — Corp., Quartermaster. 
 
 Brand, William E. — Sgt., Headquarters, 309th Infantry 
 
 Brand, William R.— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Military Police. 
 
 Brandel, Fred— Pvt., 315th Field Artillery. 
 
 Brandt, Carl H. — Regimental Sergeant Major, 312th 
 
 Ammunition Train. 
 Brandt, George — Mess Sgt., Medical Department. 
 Braner, George — Pvt., Co. L, 345th Infantry. 
 Brann, William G. — 2d Lieut., Headquarters, 17th Inf. 
 Brauch, Frederick G. — Pvt., United States Coast Guard 
 Brauch, John J.— Pvt., Battery E, 334th Field Artillery. 
 Brauer, E. Craig— Corp., Co. B, 309th Supply Train. 
 Braun, Elmer G.— Pvt., Battery E, 310th Field Artillery. 
 Braun, Gustav J. — Capt., 47th Infantry. WA July 
 
 28, 1918. 
 
 Awarded D. S. C. for extraordinary heroism near Sergy, France. 
 
 Braun, Harvey G.— Cook, C. 0. R. S., Camp Lee, Va. 
 
 Braun, F. J. — Sgt., 27th Division. 
 
 Braun, George A. — Pvt., Co. D, Adjutant General's 
 
 Department. 
 Braun, George F. — Pvt., Base Hospital Detachment. 
 Braun, William G. — Lieut., Headquarters, 1 7th Infantry. 
 Braumback, William — Pvt. W. 
 Bray, William— Pvt., 302d Engineers. 
 Brecht, Arnold W.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. WG 
 
 September 15, 1918. 
 Brecht, Charles — Pvt., Headquarters, 163d Infantry. 
 
 WA October 18, 1918. 
 Bredemeier, Henry E. — Pvt., Headquarters, 307th Inf. 
 Breen, Arthur W. — Pvt., Central Record Office. 
 Breese, Harold G. — Sgt., Headquarters, 302d Engineers. 
 Breese, Howard J. — Pvt., Medical Corps. 
 Breidenstein, Leo W. — Co. L, 311th Infantry. 
 Breister, Stanley H.— Pvt., Battery A, 304th F. A. 
 Bremen, Frank W. — Pvt., Co. H, 51st Pioneers. 
 Bremer, George — Pvt., 312th Engineers. 
 Brennan, George A. — WA. 
 
 Brennan, Harold E. — Sapper, Co. E, 2d Canadian Eng. 
 Brennan, James E. — Pvt., Co. B, 69th Engineers. 
 Brennan, Joseph P. — Capt., Base Hospital 23. 
 Brennan, Peter — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Brenner, Roy J.— Pvt., Battery E, 58th Field Artillery. 
 Brereton, John— Pvt., 86th Machine Gun Bat. WG. 
 Bresnahan, William J. — Corp., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 Brett, Ralph U.— Sgt., Co. B, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Cited for Bravery. 
 
 Bricka, Charles L.— Capt., Co. B, 303d Military Police. 
 
 Bridgman, William — Sgt., Co. 11, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Briggs, George W. — Pvt., 303d Engineers. WG Sep- 
 tember, 1918. 
 
 Briggs, Harold J. — Ist-class Pvt., Headquarters Co., 
 336th Field Artillery. 
 
 Briggs, Lester M. — Sgt., 157th Depot Brigade. 
 
 Briggs, William Floyd— Pvt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. 
 
518 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Brighan, Irving F. — Corp., 65th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Brigham, William H.— Pvt., Co. B, 68th Engineers. 
 
 Brindle, Arthur P.— Co. N, loth G. M. I. C. 
 
 Briniolas, Manuel S. — 3d Infantry. 
 
 Brinkworth, James L. — Pvt. 
 
 Britt, Daniel B. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Britt, Leo J. — Pvt., 61st Machine Gun Company. WG 
 
 September 17, 1918. 
 Britt, Leon P. — Corp., Ordnance Department. 
 Bristol, J. G.— Pvt., Co. C, 303d Supply Train. 
 Brittin, Charles B.— Pvt., Co. K, 7th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 10, 1918. 
 Britton, Martin D.— Sgt., Battery D, 10th Regiment, 
 
 1st Army Replacement Depot. 
 Britz, Michael J.— Sgt., Medical Sup. Depot, 77th Div. 
 Britzie, John E. — Pvt., Overseas Casual 2. 
 Brockhurst, Charles G. — Corp., Co. B, 8th Infantry. 
 Brockhurst, Russell A. — Pvt , Coast Artillery Corps. 
 Brodie, James H. — Sgt., Photo section 3, Aero Squadron. 
 Bromley, John H. — 1st Sgt., 814th Aero Squadron. 
 Bronson, Frank J. — Pvt., Camp Wheeler. 
 Bronson, Howard J.— Sgt., Co. G, 309th Infantry. 
 Bronson, Eugene — Pvt. 
 
 Broomall, Sydney H. — Corp., 29th Service Company. 
 Brose, Paul M.— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 12, 1918. 
 Brosman, Albert T. — Sgt. Maj., Headquarters, •153d 
 
 Depot Brigade. 
 Brothman, David— Pvt., Co. C, 346th Infantry. 
 Brotz, Henry — Pvt., 117th Transport Corps. 
 Broughton, Chester W. — Base Hospital Detachment. 
 Brown, Burt C— Pvt. WA. 
 Brown, Charles J.^Pvt., 12th Field Artillery. 
 Brown, Daniel W. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Brown, Edward— Pvt., 4th Co., 366th Infantry. 
 Brown, Everard F.— 2d Lieut., Co. G, 359th Infantry. 
 
 WA September 13, 1918. 
 Brown, Eli— Pvt., Battery F, 13th Field Artillery. 
 Brown, David— Bugler, Battery A, 337th Field Artillery 
 Brown, Foster K. — Pvt., Dental Service. 
 Brown, Francis V. — Pvt., Co. H, 21st Engineers. 
 Brown, Frank J. — Corp. WA. 
 
 Brown, George V. — Sgt., Battery A, 11th Field Artillery 
 Brown, George C— Sgt., Battery F, 7th Field Artillery. 
 Brown, Harold F.— Appr. H. A., S. A. T. C. 
 Brown, Harold C. — 2d Lieut., Bureau of Aircraft Prod. 
 Brown, Henry A. — Capt., Ordnance Department. 
 Brown, Harry H. — Cook, Headquarters, 117th Eng'rs. 
 Brown, Herbert P. — Lieut., Aviation Corps. 
 Brown, James A. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. A, 48th Infantry. 
 Brown, James H. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 312th Inf. 
 Brown, Jarvis — Sgt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Brown, Jerry S. — Master Electrician, 486th Aero Sqdn. 
 Brown, Joseph J. — Pvt., 345th Infantry. 
 Brown, Joseph — Pvt., Co. B, 345th Infantry. 
 Brown, James A. — Pvt., Co. A, 48th Battalion. 
 Brown, Joseph — Pvt., Prisoner. 
 Brown, Michael — Pvt., 1st Ammunition Train. 
 Brown, Norman H. — Pvt., 311th Infantry 
 Brown, Roy S. — Sgt., 36th Commissioned Officers 
 
 Training School. 
 
 Brown, Ralph A.— Pvt , Co. E, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Brown, Richard W. — Sniper, 75th Canadian. WA 
 January 1, 1917. 
 
 Brown, Thomas A. — Base Hospital, Camp Di.x. 
 
 Brown, Thomas G. — Pvt.,Headq'rs, 3d Army Headq'rs. 
 
 Brown, Thomas J. — Pvt., Garage, 1st Inf. Replacement. 
 
 Brown, Walter R. — Capt., Co. B, 50th Engineers. 
 
 Brown, William — Pvt. 
 
 Brown, William L. — Pvt., 302d Engineers. WA Nov- 
 ember 11, 1918. 
 
 Brown, William T.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Browne, Aloysius— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Browning, Earl L. — Corp., Medical Research Lab. 
 
 Browning, Homer — 2d Lieut., 20th Co., Commissioned 
 Officers Training School. 
 
 Browning, Robert A. — 1st Lieut., Motor Trans. Corps. 
 
 Brownshidle, Harry D. — Pvt., 12th Co., Depot Brigade. 
 
 Brownshidle, Irwin — Sgt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Brownson, George A. — Pvt., 33d Division Trans. Corps. 
 
 Brownson, John W. — Pvt., 312th Ammunition Train. 
 
 Bruce, Frank R.— Sgt. 
 
 Bruce, Louis A. — Ist-class Pvt., 163d Air Squadron. 
 
 Bruce, Ralph E.— Pvt., 10th Batt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Bruckman, George T. — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Brueck, Charles G.— Corp., Co. D, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Brueckner, Albert A. — Corp., Aero Squadron. 
 
 Bruman, William F. — Pvt., Co. C, 43d Engineers. 
 
 Brumley, Ralph W.— Co. B, 301st Military Police. 
 
 Brunn, Albert— Pvt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Brun, Albert F. — Lieut., Co. G, 4th Infantry. 
 
 Brundage, Frank E. — 1st Lieut., Debarkation Hosp. 51. 
 
 Brundage, Walter L. — Troop F, 17th Cavalry. 
 
 Brunner, Edward J. — Pvt., 830th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Brunner, Fred — Pvt., Co. B, 87th Division Am. Train. 
 
 Brunner, Fred J. — Pvt., Co. L, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Brunner, John — Pvt., 303d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Bruno, Anthony — Corp., Motor Truck Company 464. 
 
 Brunson, Fred A. — 35th Co., Medical Corps. 
 
 Brunswick, Grant — Pvt., Co. C, 55th Engineers. 
 
 Brunn, Walter F.— Pvt., Co. B, 329th Infantry. 
 
 Bruyere, Leo M.— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Bruzi, Stanislaus— Pvt., Co. B, 312th Supply Train. 
 
 Bryan, Henry — Pvt., Co. A, 71st Coast Artillery. 
 
 Bryant, Russell W. — Major, Air Service. 
 
 Brydalski, Joseph S.— Corp., 8th Co., 153d Infantry. 
 
 Brylinski, John S.— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Brylski, Leo H.— Pvt., Battery B, 336th Field Artillery. 
 
 Bryman, Moe J. — Pvt., 3d Co., Central Officers' Train- 
 ing School. 
 
 Bryman, Moses J. — Corp., Co. I, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Brzezicki, Sylvester— Pvt., Co. B, 38th Batt'n, W. S. G. 
 
 Brzezinski, John — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Brzezinski, Martin — Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Brzezowski, Ignacy — Co. D, 168th Infantry. 
 
 Brzoskowski, Walter J.— Pvt., Co. E, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Btazyewski, Joseph — Pvt., Co. B, 814th Salvage Batt'n. 
 
 Buboltz, John A. — Sgt. Bugler, Headquarters, 309th 
 Infantry. WA November 3, 1918. 
 
 Buccella, Tony— Pvt., Co. B, 151st Depot Brigade. 
 
 Buchanan, George H.— Pvt., E, 336th Machine Gun Co. 
 
 Buchanan, L. M.— Pvt., Battery B, 70th Field Artillery. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 519 
 
 Buchbinder, John — Pvt., 4th Air Park. 
 
 Buchenmaier, William J. — 2d Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Bucher, George H. — Wagoner, Supply Co., 309th Inf. 
 
 Buchert, Louis J. — Pvt., Headquarters. 
 
 Buchheit, Louis A.— Pvt., 307th Infantry. WA June 
 
 24, 1918. 
 Buchholz, Albert F.— Corp., 7th Co., 156th Depot Brig. 
 Buchholz, Frank— Pvt., Co. A, 13th F. A. R. 0. 
 Buchholz, George— Cook, Co. A, 13th F. A. R. 0. 
 Buchland, John C— Pvt., Co. B, 347th Infantry. 
 Buchland, Edward L.— Pvt., 23d Battalion, O. A. R. D. 
 Buchler, Edward— Pvt., 409th. 
 
 Buchmann, Joseph M.— Pvt., Battery A, 117th F. A. 
 Buchner, Frank A.— Pvt., Co. D, 3d Battalion. 
 Buchno, Benjamin — Pvt., Co. F, 4th Infantry. WA 
 
 July 19, 1918. 
 Bueholtz, Joseph — Pvt., Headquarters, 346th Infantry. 
 Bucki, John L.— N. C. M. H. 4. 
 
 Buckley, John J. — 1st Lieut., Headquarters, 345th Inf. 
 Buckley, John J.— Pvt., Co. G, 347th Infantry. 
 Buckley, Patrick H. J. — 1st Lieut., M. C. Evacuation 
 
 Hospital 58. 
 Buckley, LeoV. — Pvt. .Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Buckley, James J. — Corp., Headquarters, 52d F. A. 
 Buckley, William J. — Pvt., Heavy Tank Corps. 
 Buczak, Andrew — Pvt., 3d Co., Motor Transport. 
 Buczynski, Leo J.— Pvt., 16th Co., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 Buda, Martin— Pvt. W. 
 
 Budziszewski, Frank — Pvt., Co. C, 347th Infantry. 
 Budzynski, Frank E. — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps. 
 Buechner, George C. — Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 
 WG October 23, 1918. 
 Buehrle, Carl J.— Cook, Co. B, 334th Bat., Tank Corps. 
 Bucsynski, Louis E. — Pvt., Headquarters. 
 Buettner, Harold W.— Pvt., Battery F, 60th F. A. 
 Buettner, Justus P. — Pvt., 19th Photo Sec, Air Service. 
 Buflfhan, Walter H.— Pvt. WA. 
 Bugham, Philup— Pvt., Co. B, 312th Military Police. 
 Bugdat, Walter— Pvt. WA August 20, 1918. 
 Bugl, Frank— Pvt., Co. B, 318th Engineers. 
 Bugman, Philip— Pvt. WA. 
 Bukowski, B. M. — 1st Lieut., 4th Sanitary Train. 
 Bukowski, Joseph A. — Corp., Co. E, 9th Am. Train. 
 Bukowski, Anthony M.— Pvt., Co. F, 302d Engineers. 
 
 WA October 1918. 
 Bukowski, Joseph — Pvt., Co. C, 303d Ammunition Tr. 
 Bukowski, C. A.— Pvt., Co. A, 312th Engineers. 
 Bukowski, Leo — Pvt., Co. E, 138th Engineers. 
 Bukowski, Stanley— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Engineers. 
 Bukowski, Michael— Pvt., Co. A, 162d Infantry. 
 Bulger, Daniel J.— Pvt., Co. C, 336th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. 
 Bulger, William R.— Sgt., S. A. T. C. 
 Bull, Edward C. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Bullard, Harlan A.— Pvt. 
 
 Bullock, Harlan E. — Sgt., Chemical Warfare Section. 
 Bullock, Vivian L. — Corp., Chemical Warfare Sec. WG. 
 Bunce, Clifford D. — Pvt., 117th Ordnance Department. 
 Buncy, Walter J.— Pvt., Battery A, 2d Field Artillery. 
 Buncy, Edgar C— Pvt., Base Hospital, Camp Dix. 
 Bundrock, Chas. H.— Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Bundt, Elmer F.— Pvt., Rifle Range, Caldwell, N. J. 
 
 Bunge, Joseph J. — Pvt., Headquarters, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Buniski, Joseph— Pvt., Co. E, 147th Infantry. WA 
 October 29, 1918. 
 
 Burck, Carl F.— Pvt., Battery A, 355th Field Artillery. 
 
 Bundrock, Charles H. — Pvt. 
 
 Bunny, John J. — Corp., Ordnance Detachment. 
 
 Bunny, William J. — Pvt., Co. A, Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Buran, Emil A. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 7th Infantry. 
 W July 1918. 
 
 Burdeete, John J. — Co. D, 152d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Burdick, John H. — Wagoner, Headquarters, 110th Am- 
 munition Train. 
 
 Burgasser, John N. — Co. F, 312th Ammunition Train. 
 
 Burger, Jacob F. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry 
 
 Burger, Calvin — Pvt., 218th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Burger, Albert G. — Pvt., 8th Co., November Automatic 
 Replacement Draft, Tank Corps. 
 
 Burger, William R.— Pvt., Co. E, 26th Engineers. 
 
 Burgio, Augustine — Pvt., 6th Troop, 15th Cavalry. 
 
 Burk, Murray — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Burk, Walter— Pvt., 303d Engineers. 
 
 Burkard, F. E. — Base Hospital, Long Island. 
 
 Burkard, Frank L.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Burkard, George E. — Pvt., Co. F, 1st Army Replace- 
 ment Depot, 9th Regiment. 
 
 Burkard, John E. — Pvt., 312th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Burke, Eugene M.— 1st Sgt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Burke, Edward T.— Sgt., 801st Stevedore Battalion. 
 
 Burke, Frank— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Burke, Arthur J. — Sgt., Advance Motor Transport 
 Supply Company. 
 
 Burke, James D.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Burke, Thomas C— Pvt., 315th Guard and Fire Co. 
 
 Burke, Thomas C. — Pvt., Headquarters 345th Infantry. 
 
 Burke, Thomas P.— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Burke, Paul F.— Pvt., Co. B, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Burke, Wm. E. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Burke, William G. — Pvt., Camp Canisius. 
 
 Burke, Raymond P. — Pvt., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Burke, Raymond J.— Corp., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Burke, Wallace H.— 309th Infantry. 
 
 Burkhalter, Henry W.— Pvt., Co. E, 148th Infantry. 
 WA October 29, 1918. 
 
 Burkhardt, Emil F. — Pvt., School Detachment, Fort 
 Monroe, Va. 
 
 Burkhardt, Elmer — Hudson Hill Detachment. 
 
 Burkhardt, Gustave J.— Pvt., Co. F, 304th Am. Train. 
 
 Burley, Ralph F.— Lieut., Co. B, 309th Infantry. WA 
 October 18, 1918. 
 
 Burley, Winfield — Sgt., Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Burlingame, William T.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Burnett, Charles E. — 2d Lieut., Headquarters, 52d F. A. 
 
 Burns, Joe — Pvt. 
 
 Burnell, Lorenzo D. — Capt., N. A. Reserve Co. 
 
 Burnell, Alvin — 3d Co., 1st Battalion. 
 
 Burner, Benjamin F. — Base Hospital, Camp Sevier. 
 
 Burney, Frederick C— Pvt., 60th Infantry. WA Octo- 
 ber 12, 1918. 
 
 Burnicka, Max— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry. WA 
 September 5, 1918. 
 
520 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Burns, Edward — 1st Sgt., Battery C, Artillery. 
 
 Burns, Frank A. — 1st Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Burns, Gerald G.— Maj., 308th Infantry. 
 
 Burns, Edward W.— Pvt., 346th Infantry. 
 
 Burns, James 0. — Corp., Headquarters, 802d Stevedore 
 
 Battalion, Tank Corps. 
 Burns, John J. — Pvt., 54th Depot Brigade. 
 Burns, Joseph E.— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C. 
 Burns, Leo P. — Pvt., 3d Coast Artillery Corps. 
 Burns, Robert J. — 106th Ambulance Corps. 
 Burns, Robert M. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Burns, Thomas— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 22, 1918. 
 Burns, Martin J. — Pvt., Co. A, 212th Engineers. 
 Burns, Wilham H.— Sgt., Co. H, 84th Infantry. 
 Burns, William J. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps, 1st Div. 
 Burow, Walter F.— Pvt., 306th Infantry. 
 Burow, Ralph J. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Bruozynski, Walter A. — Sgt. WA. 
 Burr, Charles A.— Ist-class Pvt., Battery B, 34th F. A. 
 Burr, Edwin J., Jr.— Pvt., 335th Field Artillery. 
 Burrell, James O.— Corp., Battery B, 334th Tank Corps 
 Burrows, Edwin G. — 1st Lieut., Infantry, Unassigned. 
 Busch, Charles— Pvt. WA. 
 Burst, Edward — 317th Field Regiment Squad. 
 Burst, Matthew — Pvt., Headquarters, 2d Army Corps. 
 Burst, George — Corp., Co. B, 113th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. 
 Burt, Alwin J.— Corp., Co. B, 309th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 18 ,1918. 
 Burt, Harold N.— 2d Co., S. A. T. C. 
 Burt, William R.— Pvt., Co. A, 328th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 7, 1918. 
 Burton, Frederick E.— Co. A, 34th Regiment. WA 
 
 December 15, 1918. 
 Burton, Frederick W.— Pvt., 416th Field Remount 
 
 Squadron. 
 Bury, Raymond E. — Pvt., Machine Gun, 311th Infan- 
 try. WA October 26, 1918. 
 Burzik, Frank— Pvt., Headquarters, 333d F. A. 
 Burzynski, Stanley — Pvt., Salvage Division. 
 Bush, Harry— Pvt., Co. C,— 167th Infantry. 
 Buscaglia, Sorito — Pvt., 14th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Busch, Charles— Pvt., Co. C, 8tii Machine Gun Batta- 
 lion, WA November 11, 1918. 
 Busch, George F. — Co. Clerk, Aviation Detachment. 
 Bush, William L.— Pvt., Battery B, 36th Field Artillery. 
 Bushman, Willard W. — Flying Cadet, Air Service 
 
 Squadron. 
 Bushover, Peter — Pvt., 5th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Bushy, Richard E.— Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 28, 1918. 
 Bushy, William J.— Sgt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Buss, Frederick A.— Pvt., Co. A, 335th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. 
 Busse, Edwin F. — Pvt., Co. C, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 Buszka, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. H, 60th Regiment. WA 
 
 September 15, 1918. 
 Buszka, John J. — Wagoner, Supply Co., 309th Infantry. 
 Butkowski, William— Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 Butsch, Fred J. 
 
 Butzer, Albert G. — 1st Lieut., Chaplain, 103d Infantry. 
 
 Butcher, Cyrus B. — Battery M., 51st Field Artillery. 
 
 Butkiewicz, Frank — Pvt., 14th Co., 4th Battalion. 
 
 Butler, Arthur E. 
 
 Butler, Francis D. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Butler, Harold T.— Sgt., 303d Engineers. 
 
 Butler, Ivan R. — Pvt., Squadron E. 
 
 Butler, Daniel F.— 6th Battalion, Military Police. 
 
 Butler, John A. — Pvt., Co. D, 102d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Butterworth, William T.— Pvt., Co. A, 109th Infantry. 
 
 WA September 29, 1918. 
 Butterworth, John G. — Pvt., Co. B, 1st Replacement, 
 
 United States Engineers. 
 Buttitta, Joseph J.— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry. 
 Button, Frederick J. — Corp., Co. D, 102d Engineers. 
 Buxbaum, Albert B. — Pvt., 1st Unit. 
 Bwzalski, Joseph — 326th Ambulance Corps. 
 Byerly, Frank A.— Sgt., 328th Infantry. 
 Byers, Frank E.— WA. 
 
 Byers, James I. — Pvt., Headquarters, 302d Engineers. 
 Byers, Walter J.— Pvt., Battery D, 341st Field Artillery. 
 Bygoralski, L. — 309th Artillery Remount. 
 Byreiter, John F.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. 
 Byrne, George M. — Ist-class Pvt., 802d Battalion, 
 
 Transport Corps. 
 Byrne, Joseph A. — Sgt., Co. D, 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 Byrnes, Wm. G. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Cammans, James — Pvt., Troop E, 6th U. S. Cavalry. 
 
 Cacciatore, Vincenzo — Pvt., 21st Co. 
 
 Cadd, Bertram G.— Pvt., Co. G, 21st Engineers. 
 
 Cadimus, Charles F. — Pvt., Co. F, 56th Engineers. 
 
 Cafarelli, George A. — Pvt., 52d Battalion. 
 
 Cafarelli, Louis F. — Machinist Mate-Air, Co. Q, 15th 
 Regiment. 
 
 Cafarelli, Mark J.— Pvt., Co. B, 47th Battalion, U. S. 
 Guards. 
 
 Caffery, Jos.— Co. G, 311th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Caflisch, John — American Red Cross. 
 
 Caflisch, Philip— Corp., 19th Squadron, 2d Prov. 
 
 Caico, Barbaro— Pvt., Co. H, 308th Infantry. 
 
 Cairl, Alfred T.— Pvt., Troop E, 5th Cavalry. WA. 
 
 Calabretto, Nicola— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Caldon, William M.— Pvt., Co. A, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Caley, Walter T.— Pvt., Co. I, 35th Trans. Corps. WA. 
 
 Caliri, Francesco— Pvt., Battery D,35thField Artillery. 
 
 Callahan, Andrew C. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps, U.S.A. 
 
 Callahan, Earl J. — Sgt., Co. D, 51st Pioneers. 
 
 Callahan, Arthur R.— Pvt., Co. F, 312th Supply Train. 
 
 Callahan, Chester— Pvt., Co. D, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Callahan, Frank J.— Sgt., Co. A, 309th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Callahan, John J. — Pvt., Co. G, 21st Engineers. 
 
 Callahan, Thomas — 304th Ammunition Train. 
 
 Callan, Maynard F.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Callanan, Wm. J.— Supply Sgt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Callenan, Charles A.— Pvt., Co. H, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Callaway, Lionel F. — Lieut., British Air Forces. 
 
 Callaway, Chester — Corp. 
 
 Cited. 
 
 Callman, Charles A.— Pvt., Co. H, 347th Infantry. 
 Callos, John— 17th Co., 152d Depot, A. E. F. 
 Calvert, Norman — Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 521 
 
 Cameron, Ralph E. — Maj., 114th Engineers. 
 Cameron, Donald E. — 4th Canadian Mounted Rifles. 
 Camillo, Charles— Pvt., 308th Machine Gun Bat., WA. 
 Camin, Carl C— Sgt., 21st Co., Military Police. 
 Campanella, Calogero — Co. I, 345th Infantry. 
 Campanella, Daniel — Corp., Co. A, 16th Battalion, 
 
 U. S. Guards. 
 Campano, Joseph — Pvt. WA. 
 Campano, Michael A. — Pvt. WA. 
 Campbell, Alexander — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneers. 
 Campbell, George C. — Pvt., 136th Headquarters Co. 
 Campbell, John M.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Campbell, Malcolm, Jr. — 2d Lieut., Headquarters, 61st 
 
 Company, Coast Artillery Corps, 1st Battalion. 
 Campbell, Merritt, W.— Pvt., 6th Bat., 1st Prov. Reg't. 
 Campbell, Robert — Pvt., Co. A, 54th Engineers. 
 Campbell, William H. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Camp Wadsworth. 
 Campbell, WilHam J.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th. 
 Campo, Anthony— Pvt., Co. B, 345th. WA. 
 Caraotta, Jos. — Pvt., Co. A, 303d Ammunition Train. 
 Carozaro, Nenzy, Cook, B Co., 5th Anti-air Machine 
 
 Gun Company. 
 Candee, Joseph F.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Candee, Pierce J. — Capt., Medical Department. 
 Cangerne, Vincenzo — Pvt., Supply Co., 348th Infantry. 
 Canin, Miltar— 8 B. N., 9th Co., 3d Regiment. 
 Cannon, Leonard B. — Pvt., Base Hospital 23. 
 Cannon, Patrick J.— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry. 
 Canostrari, Steve — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Cant, Andrew M.— Bugler, Co. B, 102d U. S. Engineers. 
 Canteen, Alexander, Pvt., Battalion B, Military Police. 
 Canteen, Peter, P. — Sgt., Salvage Detachment. 
 Canthn, Edward— Pvt., Co. A, 346th Infantry. 
 Canty, George J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Capelli, Harry — Pvt., Medical Department. 
 Capelle, Leo W. — Pvt., Transport Corps. 
 Capitummino Michaelangelo — 6th K. W., 21st Co., 
 
 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Caplan, Harry — Pvt., Co. I, U. S. Army. 
 Caplen, Samuel H. — Pvt., Medical Supply Company. 
 Caplick, Fred F.— Pvt., Co. K, 345th. 
 Caplick, Leo A. J.— Pvt., Battery A, 306th F. A. 
 Caplick, Wm. H.— Sgt., Co. B, 34th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. 
 Capozzi, Michael — Pvt., Supply Co., 346th Infantry. 
 Capozzi, Domiano — Pvt., 21st Co., Canadian Machine 
 
 Gun of Quebec. 
 Capozzi, Nicola — Co. E, 135th Infantry. 
 Capraro, Diego — Co. B, Inf., 4th Replacement F. R. 
 Capraro, Gaetano — Co. A, 34th Infantry. 
 Capute, Michael J. — 45th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Carberry, Edward — Pvt., 2d Training Battalion. 
 Carberry, Eugene J. — Wagoner, Headquarters Troop, 
 
 78th Division. 
 Carberry, James P. — 1st Lieut. 
 Cappellee, John — Sgt., U. S. Guards. 
 Carberry, Joseph D. — Corp., Co. A, 146th Infantry. 
 Carberry, Vincent A. — Pvt., Medical Corps. 
 Carbone, Francis D.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Carberry, Louis F. — Ist-class Machinist, 5th Co., 15th. 
 
 Cardillo, Felix— Pvt., Co. F, 307th. 
 Cardello, Joseph— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. WA. 
 Caretti, Joseph A.— Pvt., Co. H, 347th Infantry. 
 Carey, Vincent J. — 1st Lieut., 153d Depot Brigade, 
 
 9th Battalion. 
 Gary, Wm. H., Jr.— Pvt., S. A. T. C, Cornell. 
 Carfagna, Michael M. — Pvt., 101st Field Artillery. 
 Carl, Fred G.— Pvt., 303d Engineers, Medical Dep't. 
 Garland, George M. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Carlin, Matthew C. — Pvt., Co. A, 43d Engineers. 
 Carlin, James R. — Sgt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 Carlino, Angelo — Sgt., Headquarters, 153d Depot Brig. 
 Carlino, Felix T. — Sgt., Ordnance Department. 
 Carlson, Ernest A.— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry. 
 Carlson, Wm. G.— Pvt. WA. 
 Carmody, John J.— Pvt., 45th Co., 153d B. B. 
 Carnevale, Daniel A. — Pvt., 310th Co., Motor Supply 
 
 Train. 
 Carney, George E. — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 Carney, John J.— Co. E, 306th Infantry. WA. 
 Carney, John R.— 2d Lieut., Troop A, 14th U. S. Cav. 
 Carney, Vincent S.— Pvt., Co. C, 305th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. G. 
 Carnochan, Andrew A.— Pvt., Co. L, C. L. 0. T. S. 
 Carpenter, Ernest. 
 Carpenter, Lloyd. 
 
 Carr, Bernard B. — Nurse, Base Hospital. 
 Carr, J. E. — 1st Lieut., Co. Q, Demobilization Detach. 
 Carr, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. J, 311th. 
 Carr, Geo. M.— Pvt., 309th Engineers. 
 Carr, Geo. W.— Pvt., 310th Infantry. WA. 
 Carr, Virgil P.— Pvt., Air Service, M. R. L. 
 Carr, Walter E.— Pvt., 4th Det. Air Service, A. P. 
 Carr, Robert U. — Corp. 
 
 Carr, William J. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Carriero, Christian — Co. H, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 Carriero, James — Pvt., D. Bat., Headq'rs, G. H. A. 
 Carreia, John E.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Field Signal 
 
 Battalion. WA. 
 Carriero, Luke. 
 
 Carrig, John P.— Pvt., 37th Battalion, 153d Depot Brig. 
 Carrig, Michael F. — Pvt., 64th Infantry, Headquarters. 
 Carriero, Pouly — Stevedore Regiment. 
 Carrig, Joseph A. — Corp., 301st Stevedore Regiment. 
 Carroll, Joseph J. — Corp., Co. H, 311th Regiment. 
 Carroll, John J.— Pvt. 
 Caroll, John P. — Corp. 
 
 Carroll, Joseph A.— Co. B, 20th Engineers. WA. 
 Carroll, John P.— Corp., Co. I, 307th. 
 Carroll, Robert E. — Sgt., Headquarters, Camp Dix. 
 Carroll, William— Corp., Co. C, 334th Bat., Tank Corps. 
 Caroll, Wm. J.— Sgt., Mach. Shop Truck. 
 Carotta, Giuseppe — Pvt., Co. A, 303d Am. Train. 
 Carson, Frank B.— Pvt., Co. E, 303d Engineers. 
 Carson, JamesW., Jr.— Pvt. WA Oct. 16, 1918, France. 
 Carson, Joseph B. — Pvt., Co. A, 346th Infantry. 
 Carter, Albert T.— Pvt., Medical Dept., 37th Artillery. 
 Cartwright, Malcom I. — Pvt., 3d Prv. 113th Regiment. 
 Caruana, Joseph A. — Signalman 24th Co., Signal School. 
 Caruso, Amadeo — Pvt. WA. 
 Caruso, Charles — 23d Co., 3d Battalion. 
 
522 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Gary, Howard H.— Pvt. Co. C, 303d Ammunition Tr. 
 Casazza, John L. — Pvt., Co. G, 348th Infantry. 
 Casaro, Angelo — Pvt. WA. 
 Case, Floyd B.— Corp., S. A. T. C, (U. B.) 
 Casey, Joseph — Lieut., C. O., 74th Aero Squadron. 
 Ca ey, William M.— Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry. 
 Caskey, Robert M.— Pvt., Co. F, 312th Supply Train. 
 Casler, Frank — Sgt., Aviation Squadron. WA. 
 Casler, Harry D. — Sgt., 650th, Aviation Squadron. WA 
 Cassady, Earl T.— Corp., Co. I, 327th Infantry. 
 Cassell, William C— Sgt., Co. B, 52d Engineers. 
 Cassidy, Frank M.— Pvt., 521st, U.S.A. Debarkation 
 
 Hospital. 
 Cassidy, Lawrence H.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th. 
 Cassidy, Matthew— Co. I, 348th. 
 Cassidy, Thomas— Batterj^ D, 34th Field Artillery. 
 Cassidy, Thomas N. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Cassube, John — Co. L, 17th. 
 Catania, Pasquale — Pvt. WA. 
 Caster, Fred — Pvt., General Hospital 4. 
 Caster, John J. — 307th Auxiliary Remount Depot. 
 Caster, Julian H.— Sgt., 37th Co., 10th Battal on. 
 Castle, Gordon B.— Pvt., Base Hospital 23. 
 Castle, John G. — Sgt., Ordnance Department. 
 Castle, Homer L.— Sgt., 30th Infantry. 
 Castro, Julian E. — Quartermaster Corps. 
 Castrogiovann, James — Pvt., Co. B, 3d. 
 Catania, Pasquali — Pvt. WA. 
 Catchpole, Harold— Pvt., Co. E, 348th Infantry. 
 Cavagnaro, Ernest E.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Cavagnaro, Richard— Pvt., 307th Co., 302d Supply 
 
 Train. G. 
 Cavanaugh, Alex J. — Pvt. WA. 
 Cavanaugh, Arthur F. — Pvt. WA. 
 Cavanaugh, Gregory P. — Co. I, 307th Infantry. G. 
 Caverly, Richard. — 
 
 Cavins, James W.— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers. G. 
 Ciminelh, Ceaser— Pvt., Con. and Rec, C. Q. M. C. 
 Cecala, Nick — Pvt., A, Squadron. 
 Celani, Samuel — Co. A, 87th Division. 
 Celeste, Marcella— Pvt., 31st Co., 153d Depot Brigade, 
 
 8th Battalion. 
 Cerankowski, Thadeus— Pvt., Co. H, 308th Infantry. G. 
 Ceranski, John J.— Pvt., Co. B, 306th. 
 Ceranski, Michael- Pvt., 52d O. P. C, 1st. 
 Ceranski, Stanley F.— Pvt., Co. C, 336th. 
 Cernski, Vincent — Pvt , Headquarters, 311th Inf. G. 
 Chadwick, Geo. L. — Sgt., Co. A, 62d Engineers. 
 Chadwick, Kant— Sgt., Co. E, 543d Engineers. 
 Chadwick, W. D.— Pvt., 61st Auto Patrol. 
 Chaffee, George — Headquarters, 5th Division. 
 Chaffee, Herbert C— Co. M, 7th Infantry. 
 Chamberlain, C. H.— Pvt., U. S. A. M. C, S. S. U. 593. 
 Chamberlain, Horace D. — Corp. WA. 
 Chambers, Frank B. — Mechanic, Battery A, 5th F. A. 
 Chambers, Geo.— Pvt., 4th Co., E. 0. T. S. 
 Chambers, William B.— Sgt., Co. C, 105th Field Signal 
 
 Battalion. 
 Champlin, Calbrath, P. — Pvt., Officers' Training Camp. 
 Chandler, Harry J. — Pvt., Medical Department, 310th 
 
 Sanitary Corps. G. 
 
 Change, Silvi— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Chapin, Frank K. — Major, 1st F. B. Signal Corps. G. 
 
 Chapin, Frank Curtiss — Quartermaster Corps, Fort 
 
 Hancock, N. Y. 
 Chapin, William A. — Sgt., 327th Co., Quarterm'r Corps. 
 Chapman, Roy M. — Sgt., Headquarters, 96th Division. 
 Chambers, William B.— 318th F. B. Signal Corps. 
 Change, Silvi— Pvt. WA. 
 Chandler, Harry J.— Pvt. WA. 
 Chapin, Frank K.— Major, 1st F. B. Signal Corps. G. 
 
 Assigned to General Staff at Washington, D. C, on November 12, 
 1919, after his return from France. 
 
 Chapin, Gilbert K.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Chapin, Harry — Pvt., 52d Brigade Headquarters Co. G. 
 
 Chapman, Geo. W.— Pvt., 36th Co., 153d D. B. WA. 
 
 Chapman, Nelson W. — Headquarters, 96th Division. 
 
 Chappell, Chester H.— Co. A, 309th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Chartrand, Geo. R.— Corp., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Chefitz, Isaac — Pvt., Co. L, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Cheplo, J.— Sgt., 107th Ordnance Depot. 
 
 Cheplovitz, Louis — Pvt., M. T. Training Detachment 1. 
 
 Cherbauer, Rudolph — Pvt., 323d Co., Quartermasters, 
 Marine Corps. 
 
 Cherry, Ros.— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Chester, Stanley— Pvt., Co. K, 147th Infantry. 
 
 Chichester, Carl H.— ^Sgt., 57th Co., 15th Training 
 Battalion. 
 
 Chimera, Joseph A.— Pvt., Co. K, 345th. 
 
 Chirnoff, Jay— Pvt., Co. B, 214th Engineers. 
 
 Chirnoff, Louis — Pvt., 1st Signal Corps, Pigeon Service. 
 
 Chisholm, Harry L. — L. Cadet, Royal Air Force, Brit- 
 ish Army. 
 
 Chittenden, Wilbur, E.— Sgt., 176th Battalion, Cana- 
 dian Expeditionary Forces. WA. 
 
 Chimera, Anthony, J. — Pvt., Battery F, Artillery. 
 
 Chittenden, Lorenz P. — Capt., 306th Ammunition Tr. 
 156th Field Artillery Brigade. 
 
 Chnilsauski, John — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Chodrow, Isidor — Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Choiniski, Leonard F. — Corp., 47th Co., 5th. W twice. 
 
 Chojnack), Leo — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Chojnacki, Matthew B.— M. R. S. 
 
 Christ, Arthur — Pvt., Co. K, Ordnance Department. 
 
 Christ, Geo. F.— Pvt., Co. 6th, Chemical Warfare Ser. 
 
 Christen, Frank Edw. — Co. E, 147th Engineers. 
 
 Christman, Alfred E. J.— Pvt., 147th Infantry. G. 
 
 Chapman, Geo. Washington — Pvt., 36th Co., 153d 
 Depot Brigade. 
 
 Christian, John A. — Pvt. ,557th Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Christiano, Felix D.— Co. C, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Christmann, Elmer A. — Pvt., Camp Lee. 
 
 Christman, Frederick— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Am. Train. 
 
 Christman, Leroy, H. — Corp., Co. D, Engineers. 
 
 Chudy, Max— Pvt., Battery D, 336th Field Artillery. 
 
 Christen, William J. — Co. E, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Church, Ruben F.— Pvt. 
 
 Chruch, Samuel W.— 312th Field Battalion. 
 
 Church, Lawrence— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Churchill, Edwin Paul— Pvt., Co. D, 335th Machine 
 Gun Battalion. 
 
 Chwenk, Michael A. — Pvt. M. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 523 
 
 Ciappa, Frank P.— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Cicarell, Dominic A. — Pvt., Supply Co., 348th Infantry. 
 
 Cicatello, Joseph — 38th Co., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Ciezak, Martin— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Cicconi, Giuseppe — 6th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Ciehalski, W.— Pvt., Co. F, 327th Infantry. 
 
 CiUienze, Pietre — Pvt., 325th Butchery Company. 
 
 Cile, Thomas L.— Pvt., Co. C, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Ciosmak, Jan — Pvt., Co. G, 303d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Cipriana, Salvatore — Pvt., Co. G, 61st Infantry. 
 
 Ciolek, John. 
 
 Cipolla, Santo. 
 
 Cirbus, Anderson J.— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers. W. 
 
 Cirbus, John P. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Cirsei, Dominic — Camp Dix, N. J. 
 
 Cirsei, Joseph Jr.— Sgt., 302d P. Co., Motor Transport 
 Corps, M. R. S. 
 
 Ciresi, Joseph L. — 264th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Ciszah, Louis— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Ciura, Ignatry— Pvt., Co. G, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Civitello, Ralph— Co. K, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Civitello, Thomas— Co. C, 329th Infantry. 
 
 Ciurzynski, Anthony— Pvt., Co. F, 147th Infantry. G. 
 
 Clair, Paul J.— Sgt., Co. 4th, 1st Regiment. 
 
 Clare, Franklin D. — Sgt., Base Spare Ports 3. 
 
 Claris, John W. — Capt., Vet. Training School. 
 
 Clark, Albert R.— Corp., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Clark, Elgina— Sgt. Maj., 118th Co., Ordnance Dept. 
 
 Clark, Fred A.— Pvt., Co. G, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Clark, Fred G.— Pvt., Co. C, Medical Detachment. 
 
 Clark, George L. Corp., Battery B, Field Artillery. 
 
 Clark, Harold W.— Pvt., 4th Co., Fort Totten. 
 
 Clark, Horace S. — Pvt., 3d Division Headquarters Det. 
 
 Clark, John M. — Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Clark, Miss Lucella J. — Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Clark, Milford H.— 1st Lieut., Ordnance Dept., U. S. A. 
 
 Clark, Percy W.— Pvt., 5th Trench Mortar Battery. 
 
 Clark, Richard H.— Corp., Co. E, 106th Supply Train. 
 
 Clarke, Alfred H., Dr. 1st Lieut., Base Hospital 74. 
 
 Clarke, George J. — Pvt., Students' Army Tr'g Corps. 
 
 Clarke, Eugene R.— Sgt., Rgt. As. 16th, 1st Air Service 
 Mechanic. 
 
 Clarke, Morris E.— Pvt., Co. C, 303d Ammunition Tr. 
 
 Clarke, Theo A.— Lieut., 301st Trench Mortar Battery. 
 
 Clauncy, Edgar J.— Sgt., Co. C, 321st Motor Trans- 
 port Corps. 
 
 Claus, E. T.— Corp., 13th Co., Central Officers Train- 
 ing School, Camp Lee. 
 
 Claus, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. A, 339th Infantry. 
 
 Clayson, Ralph L. — Pvt., Base Hospital 68. 
 
 Clayton, Walter— Pvt., Co. A, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Cleary, Joseph — Students' Army Training Corps. (Can- 
 isius College.) 
 
 Cleary, William J.— Pvt., 2d Co., 27th Ordnance. 
 
 Cleesattel, Frederic C. — Corp., Headquarters 311th. 
 
 Clement, Harold T.— Capt.— Headquarters, 27th Div. 
 
 Clement, James L. — Major, Camp Dental Surgeon. 
 
 Clement, Lucius R. — Capt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Cleveland, Joseph J.— Pvt., Co. I, 305th Infantry. 
 
 Clifford, Edw. M.— Corp., Co. A, 309th. 
 
 Clifford, Frank— Pvt., Battery B, 36th Field Artillery. 
 
 Clifford, John E.— Pvt., 6th Battalion, 23d. 
 
 Clifton, Robert E. — Pvt., 2d Co., Quartermaster Corps, 
 
 M. R. S., Unit 303d. 
 Clinch, Harry T.— Sgt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. ' 
 Clinckhammer, Alfred — Co. L, 347th. 
 Cline, William M.— Corp., 67th Co., 18th Battalion, 
 
 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Clinton, George C. — Pvt., Headquarters, 27th Div. 
 Clinton, Marshall — Lieut. Col., Base Hospital 23. 
 Clinton, Spencer — 2d Lieut., Headquarters, 365th. 
 Clinton, Thomas E.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. 
 Clive, David D.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 Close, Charles J.— 2d Lieut., 13th Co., 74th, 1915-18, 
 
 2d Group, M. T. D. 
 Clowes, G. H. A. — Research Dept., Chemical R. D. 
 Clrace, Stanley T. — 1st Lieut. 
 Clutterbuck, Cyrus— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 Clymer, John J. — Corp., 679th Co., Motor Trans. Corps. 
 Coakley, Morgan T.— 1st Lieut., Co. 'E, 419th Tel. 
 
 Bat., Field Signal Corps. 
 Coatsworth, Frank C. — Pvt., Co. B, 5th Engineers. 
 Cobb, Chas. S.— Pvt., 18th Machine Gun. 
 Cobernus, Carl G.— Pvt., Co. B, 8th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. 
 Cobin, Isidore — Co. G, Camp Upton. 
 Coburg, John S.— Pvt., Co. M, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 Cochran, Hollis K. — Sgt., Machine Gun Co., 309th Inf. 
 Cochrane, Geo. J. — 1st Lieut., Field Artillery. 
 Cafaro, Nicholas — Pvt., Co. B, 12th Ammunition Train 
 Coffey, Lawrence E. — Pvt., Co. 310th, Ambulance Corps. 
 Cofield, John L.— Pvt., 312th Mounted Police. 
 Cofield, John L.— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Cohen, Charles C— Pvt., Co. M, 38th Infantry. 
 Cohen, Fred— Pvt., Co. C, 18th Infantry. WA twice. 
 Cohen, Herbert— Corp., Co. H, 311th Infantry. WA. 
 Cohen, J. Y. — Lieut., Medical. 
 Cohen, Morris— Pvt., 47th B., U. S. Guard. 
 Cohn, Paul P.— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Cohen, Perry— Pvt., Co. C, 336th Machine Gun Batt'n. 
 Cohn, Ernest G. — Pvt., Ordnance Department. 
 Cohn, Louis A. — Corp., 305th Co., Motor Cycle. 
 Coit, G., Jr.— Pvt., 78th Division. 
 Colangelo, Daniel A.— 4th Co.,Lst. M. M. Reg't Air Ser. 
 Colarusso, James — Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 Cole, Frank — Pvt., Headquarters. 
 Cole, John M.— Pvt., Battery E, 38th Regiment, Coast 
 
 Artillery Corps. 
 Cole, Joseph F.— Sgt., Co. L, 21st Engineers. WA. 
 Cole, Joseph G.— Corp., Co. B, 102d Engineers. WA. 
 Colegrove, Wm. H. — Sgt. 
 
 Coleman, James J. — 1st Lieut., Battery A, 73d F. A. 
 Coleman, John C— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Coleman, Leo W. — Sgt., Students 'Army Training Corps. 
 Coleman, Reuben — Pvt., 437th Co., Engineers. 
 Colin, Clarence A. — Pvt., Military Detachment. 
 Coll, John W.— Sgt., Headquarters, 309th Infantry. 
 Collitt, Alfred W.— Pvt., L. C. A. W. S. 3d Battalion. 
 Collier, Anthony H. — Cook and Bakers School. Camp 
 
 Gordon. 
 Collins, Bernard J.— Corp., Co. C, 307th Field Signal 
 
 Battalion. 
 
524 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Collins, John J.— Pvt., Co. A, 9th Machine Gun Bat. 
 Collins, James H.— Pvt.,Co. D, 305th Machine Gun Bat. 
 Collins, Charles E. — Wagoner, Headquarters, Troop 
 
 77th Division. WA. 
 Collins, Stephen A.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 309th 
 
 Machine Gun Battalion. 
 Collins, Thomas — Pvt., 10th Casual Co., 1st Regiment. 
 Collins, Daniel V.— Pvt., Co. B, 307th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. 
 Collins, Emmett J.— Pvt., Battery E, 36th Field Art. 
 Collins, Eugene J. — Pvt., Co. D, 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 Collins, Robert J. — Motor Transport Corps. 
 Collins, Frank A.— 2d Lieut., Co. C, 309th Infantry. 
 Collins, Helen M. — Nurse, Base Hospital 115. 
 CoUins, John J.— Capt., 1st B. N., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 Collins, John L. — Corp., 800th Rep. Squadron. 
 Collins, Richard F.— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry. 
 Collins, Stanley G.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Coleman, John C— Pvt. WA. 
 Colgrove, Geo. E. — Sgt., Co. A, 55th Pioneers. 
 Colmer, Joseph J.— Pvt., Co. C, Supply Train, 36th Div. 
 Colongelo, Daniel A. — Ist-class Pvt., 4th Motor Mech. 
 Colosante, Joseph— Pvt., 1st Co., 306th Inf., A. E. F. 
 Colton, R. M. — Aviation. 
 
 Colville, David L.Pvt., Co. C, 1st Pioneers. WA. 
 Colville, Harold— Pvt., Co. C, Signal Corps. 
 Colville, Leo. E.— Pvt., Co. C, 1st Pioneer Infantry. W A. 
 Col well, Leo F.— Pvt. WA. 
 Coman, Francis D. — Pvt., Sanitary Unit 642d, French 
 
 Army. 
 Combes, Howard F.— Pvt., 7th Ohio Cavalry. 
 Compton, Benj. A.— Sgt., Co. 9th, 309th Infantry. WA. 
 Compton, Benjamin A. — Pvt. WA. 
 Compton, Matthew — Pvt., 1st Co., Fort Howard, Md. 
 Conable, Max D.— Corp., Co. E, 411th Telegraph 
 
 Battalion. 
 Congreve, Chester M.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th. GW. 
 Coniff, Bernard, Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Coniglion, Frank — Pvt., Army. 
 Conklin, Bryan, R.— Pvt., Co. C, 336th Battalion, 
 
 Tank Corps. 
 Conklin, Nelson H.— Corp., Co. R, 309th Infantry. 
 Conley, Edward— Pvt., Battery C, 83d Field Artillery. 
 Conley, Lawrence L. — Co. L, 15th Regiment. 
 Conley, Robert J.— Cand. Ofc 25th, Central Officers' 
 
 Training School. 
 Conlin, Henry E.— Corp., Co. F, 303d Engineers. 
 Conlon, John— Sgt., Co. A, 309th Infantry. G. 
 Conlon, John — Corp. WA. 
 
 Conlon, Michael— Pvt., Co. C, 308th Machine Gun B'n. 
 Conlon, William T. — 1st Lieut., 333d Headquarters 
 
 Co., 84th Division. 
 Conners, Harry R. — Pvt., 308th Machine Gun. 
 Conners, Robert G. — Co. K, 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 Connolly, Arthur A. — Corp., Headquarters, 308th F. A. 
 Connolly, George E.— Pvt., 48th Co., U.S. Marine Corps . 
 Connolly, Paul E.— Pvt., Co. G, 3d. 
 Connor, Daniel J.— Sgt., S. A. T. C. 
 Connors, Harold F.— Sgt. WA. 
 Connors, James — Pvt., Co. C, 303d Engineers. 
 Conover, Willis C— Lieut., Co. C, 26th. G. 
 
 Conroy, Charles A. 
 
 Conrad, Ed. Howard — Gunner, Newport, R. I. 
 
 Conroy, William J. — Machine Gunner, Co. C, 305th 
 
 Machine Gun Battalion. WA. 
 Conshafter, Charles A. — Pvt., Co. A, Tank Corps. 
 Constantine, David — Pvt. WA. 
 Constantine, Harold J. — Central Officers' Training 
 
 School, nth Battalion. 
 Contino, Salvatore — Corp., Co. A, 61st Infantry. 
 Converse, Howard F. — Lieut., Co. C, 58th Infantry. 
 Conway, Charles A. — Medical Corps, 6th Hospital Corps, 
 Conway, John J. — Sgt., Co. B, 61st Infantry. G. 
 Conwell, Bernard R.— Pvt., 12th Battalion, 99th Div. 
 Cook, John B.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 Cook, Joseph McGill— Sgt. WA Aug. 29, 1918, France. 
 Cook, Charles J.— 480th Motor Train Supply. 
 Cook, Donald D.— M. G. C, A. S. S. C, Aviation Dept. 
 Cook, Orville T.— Pvt., 18th Co., Depot L. 
 Cook, Wm. v.— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. 
 Cooke, Gordon P.— Sgt., Co. F, 35th Engineers. 
 Cooke, Thomas F. — Major, Machine Gun Co., 311th 
 
 Infantry. 
 Cookson, Joseph A. — WA. 
 Coon, F. A. — Lieut., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Connors, William M.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 327th 
 
 Infantry. WA. 
 Cooper, Andrew R. — Capt., 3d Division. 
 Cooper, Edward 0. — 1st Lieut., U. S. Army, Ordnance 
 
 Department. 
 Cooper, George, Jr.- Sgt., Co. D, 309th Infantry. G. 
 Cooper, George E. — Pvt., 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 Cooper, Robert E.— Military Police, Co. A, 312th, 87th 
 
 Division. 
 Cooter, Edwin A.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Cooter, Raymond— Pvt., Co. D, 28th Division. WA. 
 Copley, Frank— Pvt., Co. K, 3d P. R. 
 Copley, James — Pvt., B. 15, Pt. Newark. 
 Coppello, Joseph— Pvt., Co. D, 303d Am. Train. 
 Copperberg, George A. — Mch. Supply Co., 309th Inf. 
 Coppins, Edwin J. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th Inf. 
 Coppins, James R. — 1st Lieut., Division Headquarters, 
 
 Camp Meade. 
 Coppins, Harold C— Corp., Co. B, 209th Field. 
 Coppola, Andrew — Pvt., 58th Co. 
 Corner, Nelson W. — 1st Lieut., Headq'rs, 145th Inf. 
 Corcoran, Edward J. — 1st Lieut., Headq'rs, 101st Inf. 
 Cordes, A. M. — Lieut., 3d Aviation Instruction Center. 
 Cordner, Robert D. — Pvt., Headquarters, 4th F. A. 
 Corey, Ernest B.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 61st Inf, WA. 
 Cornell, Henry — Sgt., Intelligence Corps, General 
 
 Headquarters, G2. 
 Cornish, Francis E. — 1st Lieut., 348th Machine Gim 
 
 Battalion. 
 Corrie, Walter S. — Corp., Quartermaster Corps, Wash- 
 ington, D. C. 
 Corritore, Daniel A. — Pvt., 566th Section, U. S. Army, 
 
 Air Service. 
 Cortsig, Alfred C— Pvt., Co. F, 309th Infantry. WA. 
 Corsi, Mario — Base Hospital. 
 Corwin, Geo. H.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. E, 403d Field 
 
 Signal Battalion. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 525 
 
 Costello, lozzio — Pvt., Co. C, Infantry. 
 
 Cotroneo, Giuseppi — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Cott, Delzon, N. — Dr., 1st Lieut., Medical Corps, Fort 
 
 Oglethorpe, La. 
 Cotter, James J.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. WA. 
 
 September 17, 1918. 
 Cotter. James P.— Capt., 61st Co., 9th Battalion, 153d 
 
 Depot Brigade. 
 Cotter, John V. — Pvt., Co. A, 6th Replacement, Camp 
 
 Gordon. 
 Cotter, Stephen V. — Pvt., Co. C, Students' Army 
 
 Training Corps, St. Louis. 
 Cotter, \Vm. J.— Sgt., Co. A, 309th Infantry. 
 Cottrell, Eugene J. — Pvt., 29th Engineers. 
 Cottrell, Sylvester V.— 1st Sgt., 811th Air Squadron. 
 Couch, ]\Iatthew R. — Pvt., Base Ordnance Dept. 1. 
 Couchman, A. W. — Major, 307th Unit. 
 Coughlin, Harry L.— Pvt., Co. C, 68th Infantry. 
 Coughlin, James C— Pvt., C. R. 72d Tank Corps. 
 Coughlin, Leo G.— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry. WA. 
 Coughlin, Vincent— Coast Art., S. S. M., 649th B. C. M. 
 Cournan, Martin — 43d Regular Coast Art., 2d Bat. 
 Courter, Ralph W.— Sgt., Co. E, 422d. 
 Coveny, Charles J. — Pvt., Co. B, 31st Engineers. 
 Covert, Audley A.— Pvt., Co. A, 146th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion, 2d Provisional Depot. 
 Covert, Harry E. — Pvt., Ordnance. 
 Cormack, Wallace— Sgt., 306th Field Signal Battalion. 
 Coulson, May I. — Red Cross Nurse, U. S. Base Hosp. 6. 
 Covin, Clifford— Pvt., Co. A, 18th Military Police. 
 Cowan, Arthur P. — Corp., Headq'rs Troop, 78th Div. 
 Cowan, Harold D. — 1st Lieut., 2d Medical Sup. Depot. 
 Cowan, Howard W. — 1st Lieut., Co. L, 49th Infantry. 
 Cowie, John H.— Pvt., Co. G, S. A. T. C. 
 Cowley, Edward P.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Coyle, Andrew W.— Pvt. WA. 
 Coyle, John J.— Pvt., Co. A, 437th Engineers. 
 Craft, Joseph Charles — Sgt., Co. B, 13th Regiment. 
 Crafts, Harry A. — Engineer Corps. 
 Crage, Joseph E. — Corp., Casual Detachment, Camp 
 
 Hancock. 
 Crage, Timothy E. — 301st Motor Transport Corps. 
 Cragin, Franklin P. — Corp., Headquarters, 152d Depot 
 
 Brigade. 
 Craig, Leo. J.— Pvt., Co. H, 60th U. S. Infantry. WA. 
 Cramer, Clarence E. — Pvt., Co. D, Development Bat. 
 Cramer, Frank W.— Cook, Co. M, 30th U. S. Infantry. 
 Cramer, George J. — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Cramer, William— Pvt., Co. E, 348th In,. 87th Div. 
 Crandall, Floyd— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 3, 1918. 
 Crane, Geo. L. — Regimental Supply Sgt., 307th Am- 
 munition Train. 
 Crane, James L. — Ordnance Department. 
 Crapa, Michael A. — Bugler. WA. 
 Cronyn, John G. — Corp., Quartermaster Division, 
 
 Camp Dix. 
 Craver, Edward A. — Corp. WA. 
 Crawford, Harold E.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry, 
 
 Camp Dix. 
 Crawford, Daniel E.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry WA. 
 
 Cray, Albert W. — Pvt.. Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Creahan, James S. — Medical Division, Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Creamer, Fred S.— Pvt., Battery F, 37th Field Artillery. 
 
 Crean, Thomas M.— Sgt., 2d Co., Camp Dix. 
 
 Creenan, Edward J. — Ordnance Sgt., 102d Ordnance 
 Department. 
 
 Crehan, Patrick J.— 9th Co. 
 
 Cribbs, W^alter— Pvt., Co. B, 307th Machine Gun Bat. 
 
 Crimi, Percy W.— Sgt., Band, 73d. 
 
 Cripps, John R.— Sgt., Battery D, 76th Field Artillery. 
 
 Croad, Harry — Corp. WA. 
 
 Crocustan, Herman — Pvt., 76th Co., 18th Battalion. 
 
 Crofoot, Harold C. — Sgt., Headquarters, 325th. 
 
 Croll, Chauncey — Corp., 332d Infantry, Signal Corps. 
 
 Crone, James M. — Air Service. 
 
 Cronyn, Joseph D. — Pvt., Battery D, 50th Artillery. 
 
 Cross, R. L.— Chief Mechanic, Battery E, 36th F. A. 
 
 Crossett, Carl J. — Lieut., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Crotty, Patrick— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Crossley, Arthur B.— Pvt., 25th Artillery Supply Co. 
 
 Crowder, Clifford- Pvt., 3d U. S. Guards. 
 
 Crowe, Arthur F.— Pvt., Co. F, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Crowe, Emmet S.— Pvt., 4th Co., 1st Pioneer Inf. G. 
 
 Crowe, Raymond L. — Pvt., October Automatic Re- 
 placement Draft, Post Service. 
 
 Crowe, Vincent F.— Sgt., Co. A, 309th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Crowley, Dennis J. — Corp., Co. D, 311th Regular Inf. 
 
 Crowley, Leo— Pvt., 28th Co., 7th Battalion. 
 
 Crowley, Timothy J.— Pvt., Co. H, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Crown, William — Sgt., 3d Battery, Can. Railway Troop. 
 
 Cryan, Michael — Sgt. WA. 
 
 Cuddeback, Alfred L.— Pvt., B-331-BU., U. S. Tanks. 
 
 Cudebec, Claude L.— Pvt., 15th Co., 153d Depot Brig., 
 Motor Transport. 
 
 Cudebec, Ray M.— Pvt., Co. F, 306th. Taken Prisoner, 
 returned. 
 
 Cudeck, Bernard — Cook, Supply Co., 348th Infantry. 
 
 Cuff, James V.— Pvt., Troop H, 12th Cavalry. 
 
 Culkins, Wm. J.— Color Sgt., 328th Inf. Brig. 
 
 Cited. 
 Culkowski, John E.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. 
 Culver, William H. — Corp., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Cullen, Charles G.— Pvt. WA. 
 Cullin, Cyril A.— Squad F., Wilbur Wright Field. 
 Cullen, Edward A.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Cullen, Edward K.— Sgt., Headq'rs, 52d Artillery Brig. 
 Cullen, Frank W.— S. A. T. C, (Canisius College). 
 Cullen, John F.— Pvt., Co. A, 113th Infantry. WA. 
 Cullen, James J., Jr. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps, 1st 
 
 Army Headquarters Troop. 
 Cullen, Thomas H. — Sgt., Air Service Squadron. 
 Cummer, Christopher U.— Pvt., 17th Co., 157th Depot 
 
 Brigade. 
 Cummins, James E. — Pvt., Battery E, 64th Artillery 
 
 Coast Artillery Corps. 
 Cummings, John — Chauffeur, 29th Balloon Company. 
 Cunion, Clarence E. — Uth Regiment. 
 Cunion, George C. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th 
 
 Regiment. 
 Cunningham, Hawley — Pvt., Co. F, 319th Engineers 
 
 Corps. 
 
526 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Cunningham, Joseph J. — Pvt., Co. I, 307th Inf. WA. 
 
 Cunningham, Thomas W. — Pvt., Field Hospital 16. 
 
 Cunningham, Hubert F.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Cuoco, Thomas— Pvt., Co. K, 7th Infantry. 
 
 Cur, Michael— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Curlinski, W. S.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. WA. 
 
 Curran, Francis Thos.— 2d G. M., U. S. Rifle Range, 
 Glen Burnie, Md. 
 
 Curran, John J. — Pvt., 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Curran, Robert A. — Sgt. Maj., 36th Eng's Headq'rs. 
 
 Curry, Joseph W.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Curry, Thomas D.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Curry, Rex F.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Curry, Thomas D.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Curry, Clement V.— Corp., 4th Co., 152d Depot Brig. 
 
 Curry, Edward P.— 2d Lieut., 309th Infantry, 310th 
 Field Hospital Base. 
 
 Curthoys, Freeman W. — Cook, Co. A, 47th Battahon, 
 U. S. Yards. 
 
 Curthoys, George A.— Pvt., Co. A, 306th M. G. Bn. G. 
 
 Curtin, Matthew V.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Curtin, Paul R. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Curtis, Darwin A. — 2d Lieut., Royal Air Force. 
 
 Curtis, Henry A.— Co. C, 303d Engineers. WA. 
 
 Curtis, James C— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Custer, Adam C. — Construction Mech., U. S. Eng. WA. 
 
 Cutler, Fred Jas.— Pvt., 338th Guard and Fire Infantry. 
 
 Cutler, Otis L. — Sgt., Medical Department, Mobile 
 Hospital, Unit 100. 
 
 Cutter, George H. — Sgt., Engineers Purchasing Office. 
 
 Custodi, John J.— Pvt., Co. J, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Cutting, Cecil E.— Pvt., 304th Machine Gun Bat. G. 
 
 Cutting, George H. — 1st Lieut., Co. A, U. S. Guards. 
 
 Cutting, Harvey J. — Sapper, Co. B, Canadian Eng'rs. 
 
 Cuzner, George— Pvt., Co. K, 7th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Cwiklinski, John C— Pvt., Co. B, 64th Tank Corps. 
 
 Cyganek, Stanley— Pvt., Co. H, 103d Infantry. 
 
 Cyrulik, John P.— Pvt., Co. G, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Czajka, Frank— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Czajka, Joseph — Pvt., 16th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Czajka, Joseph M. — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Czarnecki, Frank — Pvt., 3d. 
 
 Czchrowski, Jos. A.— Pvt., 46th Co., 153d Depot Brig. 
 
 Czerwinski, Leo F. — Pvt., 20th Coast Artillery. 
 
 Czaplicki, Michael — Pvt., Co. A, 3r2th Engineers. 
 
 Czerwinski, Stanley — Pvt., Headq'rs, Military Police. 
 
 Czolosz, John M. — Pvt., 61st Headquarters. 
 
 Czora, George F.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Czorak, Chester — Wagoner, Supply Co., 311th Infantry 
 
 Czwojdak, Anthony A. — Pvt., 3d Battalion, Chemical 
 Warfare Service. 
 
 Czymole, John. 
 
 Cesidio, Daddario— Pvt., Co. F, 147th. 
 
 Dade, Leo J.— Pvt., Co. C, 221st Field Signal Battalion. 
 
 Dadswell, Alfred S.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Dahl, Albert C— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Dahl, Henry J.— Corp., Co. G, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Dahlke, Arthur A. — Army Field Clerk, Camp Head- 
 quarters, Camp Upton. 
 
 Dahlman, Albert— Corp., 304th. 
 
 Dahlman, Charles F.— Pvt., Co. M, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Dahmer, Edward M.— Pvt., U. S. Coast Guard. 
 
 Daigler, Charles A. — Pvt., Base Hospital, Unit 23. 
 
 Dailey, John A.— Pvt., 17th G'd., 1st Regiment, Offi- 
 cers' Training Camp. 
 
 Dailey, Stanley L. — Sgt., 55th Pioneers. 
 
 D'Alesscendro, Eugene — Pvt., Base Hospital. Injured, 
 Camp Gordon. 
 
 Dalbout, Albert A.— Pvt., Co. K, 305th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Dale, Wm. John — Sgt., H'dq'rs., Ordnance Repair Shop. 
 
 Daley, Eugene F. — Construction Aviation. 
 
 Daley, Frank T.— Pvt., Co. I, 74th U. S. Infantry. 
 
 Daley, Maurice — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Daley, Wm. J. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Daly, Daniel J.— Sgt., Co. C, 307th Bat., Tank Corps. 
 
 Daly, Frank R.— Sgt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Daly, James— Pvt., Co. G, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Daly, John P. — Pvt., Evacuation Hospital 1. Died. 
 
 Daly, William M.— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Damian, Joe. 
 
 Damz, Henry— Pvt., Co. F, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Dana, Edwin Ambrose — Pvt., Co. H, 309th Infantry. 
 WA, D. U. 
 
 Danahy, John M.— Pvt., 309th Infantry. 
 
 Danato, Giuseppe — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Dandajewski, Stanley — Pvt., 138th Co., 2d Replace- 
 ment. WA. 
 
 Daniels, Charles T. — Pvt., 5th Division Supply Train. 
 
 Danforth, Frederick W.—S. A. T. C, (Princeton). 
 
 Dangelo, August— Pvt., Co. G, 161st Inf. WA. twice. 
 
 Dann, John W. — Pvt., 554th Motor Transport. 
 
 Danna, Peter F. — Pvt., Headquarters, 153d Depot Brig. 
 
 Dannebrock, Arthur E. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th 
 Infantry. WA. 
 
 Dannebrock, Richard H. — Pvt., 5th Co., Repair Shop 
 Department. 
 
 Danner, Frank X. — Pvt., Development Battalion. 
 
 Danner, Meldrum — Pvt., Utility Detachment. 
 
 Danok, Steve— Pvt., 64th Co., 16th Battalion. 
 
 Danz, Louis — Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Dapp, William J. — Base Hospital, Mineola, L. I. 
 
 Darby, Bernard — Pvt., Supply Train. 
 
 Darby, Clement H.— 2d Lieut., 3d Co., Officers Prov- 
 ing Training Battalion. 
 
 Darby, Frank— Corp., Co. G, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Darby, William — Pvt., Headquarters, 28th Infantry. 
 
 Darling, Charles E.— Pvt., 1st Bat., 153d Depot Brig, 
 
 Darling, Harry F. — 13th Regiment, 5th Brigade. 
 
 Darstein, Charles E.— Pvt., 1st Battery, F. A., R. R. 
 
 Darstein, Henry P.— Pvt., Co. C, 148th Infantry. G. 
 
 Dash, Harvey R.— Corp., Co. B, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Daubert, William D.— Pvt., Co. D, 336th Machine Gun 
 Battahon. 
 
 Dauler, Fred C— Corp., 530th Co., M. F. G. 
 
 Daum, Alexander P. — 1st Sgt., Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Daum, Edward— Pvt., 5th 42d. WA. 
 
 Daum, Frank— Bugler, A, 36th. 
 
 Daum, John— Pvt., K, 306th. 
 
 Dauman, Albert J.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Daun, Radclifle — 2d Lieut., Instructor, Camp Taylor. 
 
 Dauscher, Clarence C. — Quartermaster Stables, Motor 
 Corps. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 527 
 
 Dauscher, Henry A. — Base Hospital, Ward 39. 
 Daut, George— Pvt., 310th Trench Mortar Battery. 
 Dauterman, Howard R.— Pvt., Co. I, 307th Inf. WA. 
 Davanport, Roy J.— Pvt., Co. W, 12th Trench Mortar 
 
 Battery. 
 Daverne, Raymond M. — Pvt., Co. B, 321st Motor 
 
 Transport Corps. 
 David, Charles J.— Corp., C. W. S. B., 2d Batt. 
 Davidson, Alexander — Pvt., 310th Quartermaster. 
 Davidson, Kenneth S. — 2d Lieut., Flying Service. 
 Davidson, Leonidas L. — Sgr., 320th Tank Corps. 
 Davidson, Trevor — Coast Artillery Training Camp. 
 Davis, Arthur C. — Sgt., Artillery. 
 Davis, Clarke T. — 2d Lieut., Observer, Air Service. 
 Davis, Clifford L.— Pvt., Tank Corps. 
 Davis, Herbert— Pvt., Co. A, 209th Field. 
 Davis, Joseph — Sgt., Co. A, 312th Engineers. 
 Davis, Kenneth H. — Reg. Sgt. Maj., Headquarters, 
 
 55th Pioneer Infantry. 
 Davis, Lawrence — Sgt., 23d Infantry, Field Hospital 23. 
 Davis, Lee — Pvt., 63d Pioneers. 
 Davis, William— Pvt., Supply, 36th Field Artillery. 
 Davison, Albert W. — Capt., Chemical Warfare Service. 
 Dawson, Francis J. — Wagoner, 102d Ammunition Tram 
 Day, George G.— Pvt., 106th Chemical Warfare. 
 Day, Gordon L.— Co. D, 2d N. A. R. 
 Day, William James — Corp., 309th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 27, 1918. 
 Dayer, Elucer S. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Dayer, Elmer S. — Pvt., Medical Supply Department. 
 Deacon, John M. — Pvt. 
 Deager, Samuel M.— Corp., Battery B, 307th Field 
 
 Artillery. WA September 28, 1918. 
 Deahma, Chester J.— Pvt., 5th Co., 4th U. S. Pr. Gds. 
 Dean, George F. — Quartermaster Corps. 
 Dean, Harold J.— Pvt., 78th Co., 19th Battalion. 
 Dean, William J.— Pvt., 4th Co., U. S. Coast Guard. 
 Dearing, Edward G. — Corp., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 Debinski, John F.— Pvt., Co. G, 21st Engineers. 
 Deboben, Arthur Henry— Pvt., 329th Co., Motor Truck 
 Deboben, Alford C— Sgt., Machine Gun Co., 309th Inf. 
 Debowski, Michael — Lieut. WA. 
 Debski, Stephen— Pvt., Co. E, 306th. 
 Debus, Edwin B.— Sgt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 DeCeu, Robert E.— Major, Medical Gas Officer, 26th 
 
 Division. 
 DeCeu, William M.— Sgt., Co. A, 338th Battalion, 
 
 Light Tanks. 
 DeChalais, Benjamin F.— Pvt., Co. E, 129th Engineers. 
 Dechert, Henry P. E. — Sgt., Headq'rs. Co., 1st Army. 
 Deck, Norbert H.— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C. 
 Decker, George C— Sgt., 309th Machine Gun. 
 Decker, John — Corp. 
 
 Decker, William, Jr. — Lieut., Motor Supply Train. 
 Decoux, Daniel C. — Sgt., 316th Ammunition Train. 
 DeDominicis, Rocco N. — Lieut., Field Hospital 14. 
 Dedona, Anthony J. — Sgt., Bugler School. 
 Dedona, Henry— Pvt., 311th Infantry. 
 Deegan, Fred D.— Pvt., D. A. E. Co., 8th Battalion. 
 Degen, Elmer G.— Pvt., Co. K, 310th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 16, 1918. 
 
 Degenhart, Wm. M.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 306th 
 
 Infantry. 
 DeGlopper, J. A.— Pvt., 669th Aero Squad. 
 Dehling, Edward C— Pvt., Co. C, 318th. 
 Deichman, Harry — Pvt., Co. A, U. S. Guard. 
 Deinhart, Albert F.— Pvt., 731st Co., Motor Truck 
 
 Corps. 
 Deinhart, George A.— Pvt., Co. C, 106th Supply Train. 
 Deinzer, Jacob J. — Pvt. WA. 
 Deisig, Carl. 
 
 Dekowski, J. J. — Chaplain, 3d Regiment (Polish). 
 Dekowski, Stanley— Pvt., Co. C, 346th Infantry. 
 Delane, Jessie W. — Nurse, Base Hospital 55. 
 Delancy, John F.— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry. 
 Delaney, Edward. 
 Delaney, Harry — Pvt. 
 Delaney, Richard— Corp., S. A. T. C. 
 De Lang— Pvt. WA. 
 
 DeLano, Francis, R.— Pvt., Battery B, 34th F.A. 
 DeLaplante, Charles J. — Lieut., Royal Air Force. 
 Dellarigo, Tony— Pvt., 15th Co., 153d Depot Battalion. 
 Deller, John E.— Pvt., Co. G, 306th Infantry. 
 Dellwardt, Harold C. — Training Corps. 
 Dellwardt, Harvey G.— Pvt., 101st Infantry. WA 
 
 October 24, 1918. 
 Delmage, Floyd E. — Co. L, 21st Engineers. 
 DeLucca, William— Bugler, Battery C, 104th F. A. 
 DeLucia, Anthony J. — Pvt., 383d Ambulance Co., 
 
 Sanitary Train. 
 DeMaria, Tony— Pvt. WA. 
 DeMarie, Tony— Pvt. WA April 26, 1918. 
 Dembowski, Andrew — Pvt., Co. B, 312th Infantry. 
 Demeo, Alexander — Pvt., Co. I, 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 Demer, John W.— Bugler, Co. G, 348th Infantry. 
 Demmel, August F. — Pvt., Co. B, Engineers. 
 Demming, Robert N. — Sgt., 468th Co., Aerial Service 
 
 Squad. 
 Demons, Chris K.— Pvt., 39th Co., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 Dempsey, Frank D.— Sgt., Co. B, 309th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 16, 1918. 
 Dempsey, Matthew F. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 305th 
 
 Infantry. 
 Dempsey, John P. — Corp., Co. B, 33d Engineers. 
 Dempsey, Leslie — Pvt., Co. F, 303d Ammunition Tr. 
 Dempsey, Sylvester — Pvt., Headq'rs. Co., 311th Inf. 
 Dempster, D. F. — 2d Lieut., Royal Flying Corps. 
 De Niord, Richard N. — Lieut., Base Hospital 23. 
 De Niord, Richard S.— Y. M. C. A. Secretary, 10th Eng. 
 Denk, Edgar H. — Pvt., Machine Gun Battalion, 61st 
 
 Regiment. WA November 6, 1918. 
 Denneen, Edward V.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. (Cornell). 
 Denneen, J Paul — Pvt., Medical Reserve Corps. 
 Dennis, Fred O. — Lieut., 13th Co., Central Officers' 
 
 Training School. 
 Denny, George M. — Lieut., Headq'rs. Co., 8th Cavalry. 
 Denny, Ralph E. — Pvt., Fighting Mechanics. 
 Denser, John S. — Corp., 301st Co., 74th Regiment. 
 Denton, Loysen J. — Pvt., 567th Regiment. 
 Denz, Conrad J.— Pvt., Co. D, 312th Am. Train. 
 Denz, Terrence R. — Pvt. 
 DePasquale, Carmelo W. — Sgt., Base Hospital 54. 
 
528 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 DePasquale, John L. — Corp., Base Hospital 4. 
 Depta, Joseph— Pvt., 205th Co., 153d Battalion. WA 
 
 October 10, 1915. 
 Dera, Stephen — Pvt., Base Hospital 106. 
 Derade, William — Lieut. WA. 
 Derande, Stanley J. — Pvt., 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 Derda, Walter J.— Pvt., Co. C, 44th Field Artillery. 
 Derbyshire, Arthur H. — Pvt., Co. I, Chauffeur Detach't. 
 Derner, Albert E. — Pvt., Chauffeur Detachment. 
 Derner, Milton — Pvt., Proving Grounds. 
 Derr, William H. — Pvt., 4th Evacuation Hospital. 
 Derskeimer, Edward — Corp., Signal Corps, 22d Inf. 
 DeRuchie, Edward P.— Corp., 9th Co., 3d Reg., Air Ser. 
 DeSalvo, Giuseppe — Pvt. WA. 
 DeSabio, Peter— Pvt., Co. B, Repair Unit 321. 
 Desbecker, Harold C. — Pvt., Ordnance Department. 
 Desimon, Herbert G.— Pvt., Co. A, 346th Infantry. 
 Desmon, Harry W. — Corp., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 Desimore, Frank — Pvt., Co. H. 
 Desing, Clarence M. — Sgt., 311th Field Hospital. 
 Desing, William H.— Pvt., Co. C, 345th Infantry. 
 Desmon, Harry W. — Corp., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 Desmond, D. E. 
 
 Desmond, Jerome F.— Pvt., Cc. B, 340th M. G. Bn. 
 DeTemple, Arthur J.— Pvt., Co. B, 136th Engineers. 
 Dethloff, Walter— Pvt., 42d Co., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 Dettman, Charles C— Pvt., 320th Tank Corps. 
 Detmers, Arthur C. — Lieut., Sanitary Corps. 
 Detrick, Clarence — Pvt., 61st United States Machine 
 
 Gun Battalion. 
 Deuel, Harry O. — Corp., 803d Aero Squadron. 
 
 Later made 1st Lieut, in the Red Cross Society in 
 
 France. 
 
 Deune, George L. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Deutschman, Paul — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Deverell, Tarleton O.— Pvt., Co. M, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Devine, Edward J. — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Devine, J. — Lieut., Aviation. 
 
 DeVine, Francis W. — Pvt., 29th Engineers. 
 
 Devine, John F. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Devine, Wm.— Pvt., Co. B, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Devits, James— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 12, 1918. 
 Devlin, John C. — Pvt., 44th Service Co., Signal Corps. 
 Dewey, Guy C— Sgt., Co. F, 147th Engineers. 
 Dewl, Jesse A.— Pvt., 321st Tank Corps. 
 Dexter, Merle C. — Pvt., Air Service. 
 Deyo, Harrison J. — WA. 
 Deyott, Raymond J. — Corp., Co. E, 311th Infantry. 
 
 WA September 12, 1918. 
 Diagostino, Antonie — Pvt., Co. N, 21st Engineers. 
 Diagostino, Caneo — Corp., Supply Co., 446th Motor 
 
 Transport Corps. 
 Diahms, Otto — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th Infantry. 
 Dibble, Leon J.— Sgt., Co. M, 23d Infantry. WA June 
 
 5, 1918; September 14, 1918. 
 DiBello, Gastan. 
 
 DiBlasi, James — Pvt., Medical Detachment, Base Hosp. 
 DiCarlo, Anthony— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Inf. Killed by 
 
 auto in Buffalo, December 18, 1919. 
 Dichey, David Henry — Lieut., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Dick, Arthur — Pvt., Co. C, 12th Ammunition Train. 
 Dickerson, Ray— Sgt., Battery C, 349th Field Artillery. 
 Dickinson, Albert— Pvt., 37th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Dickinson, Edward L. — Pvt., Co. H, 33d Engineers. 
 Dickinson, Sandford H. — Lieut., Co. I, 307th Infantry. 
 
 WG October 17, 1918. 
 Dideh, Toney— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Diebold, Edward A.— Pvt. WA. 
 Diebold, George — Lieut. 
 Diebolt, Andrew W.— Co. B, 37th Engineers. 
 Diedrich, John E.— Corp., 116th Adm. Co. A, S. C. 
 Diefenbach, William E. — Lieut., Base Hospital 8. 
 Diegel, Arthur— Corp., Co. C, 106th Supply Train. 
 Diem, Frank C. — Sgt., 50th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 Dierich, Otto T.— Pvt., Co. M.— 311th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 26, 1918. 
 Dietrich, Alphonse — Pvt., Supply Co., 348th Infantry. 
 Dietrich, Joseph — Pvt., Headquarters Troop Cavalry. 
 Dietroch, WilHam — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 311th In- 
 fantry. WA November 3, 1918. 
 Diehl, Oscar B. — Air Craft Production. 
 Diemer, Nelson A.— Pvt., Battery E 334th F. A. 
 Diener, Justin F. — Pvt., Ordnance Department. 
 Diederick, George A. — Pvt., Ordnance Department. 
 Dierdorf, Albert — Pvt., 1st Field Artillery. 
 Dierdorf, Anthony J. — Pvt., Troop G, 15th Cavalry. 
 Dierdorf, Frederick W.— Pvt., Co. E, 28th Infantry. 
 Dierford, William J.— Corp., 12th Trench Mortar Bat. 
 Dierich, Otto J.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Dietrich, William— Pvt., Headquarters, 310th Inf. WA. 
 Dietrich, Wm A. — Pvt.,Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Dietz, Anthony — Pvt., 346th Co., Ambulance Corps. 
 Dietz, Sherman E. — Pvt., Co. D, 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 Dietzel, Frank — Corp., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 Dietzel, Otto — Corp., 7th Regiment. 
 Dietzman, Albert— Pvt., Co. H, 75th Infantry. 
 Dietzman, Edward— Pvt., Co. B, 47th Battalion. 
 Dietzer, Donald D.— Pvt., Co. D, 3d Provisional 0. S.S. 
 
 Officers' Training School. 
 Dietzer, Mortimer — Lieut.,Headq'rs. Co., 51st Pioneers. 
 Digesaro, Angelo — Pvt., 12th Co. 
 Diggins, William — Pvt., 21st Battalion. 
 Digiocomo, Daniel A. — Pvt., Provost Guard. 
 Dilger, Michael James — Corp., 875th Aero Repair Sqd. 
 Dill, Gustave J.^Corp., Headquarters Co., 306th Field 
 
 Artillery. WA November 15, 1918. 
 Dill, Harry M. — First Army Replacement Depot, 7th 
 
 Regiment. 
 Dill, William E.— Corp., Co. B, 308th Machine Gun Bat. 
 Dillenmuth, Fred W.— Pvt., 301st Co., Quartermaster 
 
 Corps. 
 Dillemuth, Henry G.— Corp., Battery C, 60th F. A. 
 Dillon, Frank A.— Pvt., 2d Co., Unit 302. 
 Dillon, Jeremiah C. — 35th Regiment. 
 DiLucia, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 Dils, Arthur A.— Pvt., 238th Co., Base Hospital. 
 DiMane, Tony— Pvt. 
 
 DiMaria, Lawrence J.— Pvt., Co. K, 29th Engineers. 
 DiMareo, Samie — Medical Detachment. 
 Dimeos, Bernard H.— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 DiNatale, Gaetano. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 529 
 
 Dinardo, Daniel— Pvt., Battery B, 311th Field Artillery. 
 Dingboom, Herman J. — Pvt., Co. B, 303d Engineers. 
 Danowski, Adam E.— Pvt., Battery A, 60th F. A. 
 DiPirro, Nicholas— Pvt., Co. I, 311th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 23, 1918. 
 Dipuno, Giuseppe — Pvt., Supply Co., 320. 
 Dirnberger, Lawrence V. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 DiSalvo, John— Pvt., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 DiSalvo, Joseph— Pvt., Co. G, 326th Infantry. 
 Disbeck, Clarence L. — Sgt., 501st Engineers. 
 Distelano, Giuseppe — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Distler, Edward L. — Pvt., Co. I, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 Ditale, Joseph — WA. 
 
 Ditmers, A. C. — 1st Lieut., Medical Detachment. 
 Dittman, Arthur T.— 802d Truck Co. 
 Dittman, Harold G. — Battery Mechanic, Battery F, 
 
 3d Field Artillery. 
 Dittman, Fred J.— Pvt., Band, 12th Cavalry. 
 Dittman, J. Fred — Corp., Co. D, 1st Battalion Infantry 
 Dittman, Harry — Farrier, Veterinary Corps, 104th 
 
 Field Artillery. WA October, 1918. 
 Divito, James— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. 
 Dixon, George — Corp., Co. E, 63d Pioneers. 
 Dixon, Harold — WA. 
 
 Dixon, Jasper D. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 336th F. A. 
 Dixon, Willard E. — Lieut., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Dobler, Charles M.— Cook, Co. A, 39th Tank Corps. 
 Dobbins, Maxwell — Pvt. WA. 
 Dobe, Fred— Pvt., Battery A, 34th Field Artillery. 
 Dobe, Walter— Pvt., S. A. T. C. (Cornell.) 
 Doberstein, Andrew — Pvt., 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 Dobmeier, John — Pvt., Co. F, 11th Engineers. 
 Dobrov.olski, Sylvester — Pvt., Co. A, Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion, 4th Division. WA September, 1918. 
 Doctor, Hicenty— Pvt., Co. G, 309th Infantry. 
 Dodds, William K.— Sgt., 3d Co., Machine Gun Bat. 
 Dodge, Harold A.— WA. 
 
 Doebert, Harry W.— Sgt., 12th Co., 2d A. S. M. A. 
 Doebert, Martin H.— Sgt., 476th Co., 419th M. T. T. 
 Doehring, Walter A.— Pvt., Ambulance Co. S. S. U. 509. 
 
 G at Villa Cotteret Woods. 
 Doelman, Leonard W. — Pvt., Co. E, S. A. P. Aviation. 
 Doenitz, Frederick C. — Pvt., Evacuation Hospital 15. 
 Doerfleln, Chas. L. — Corp., Co. M, 51st. 
 Doerflein, Ralph A. — Corp., Battalion F, 7th Regiment. 
 Doering, August R. — Pvt., 104th Aviation. 
 Doerner, Frank P.— Pvt., Battery E, Field Artillery R.D. 
 Doeiner, George A. — Corp., 302d Engineers. 
 Doerr, C. Norman — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Dorsch, John W.— Pvt., Co. B, 3a2d M. G. Bn. 
 Doherty, Ellsworth J.— Pvt., Co. A, 336th Machine 
 
 Gun Battalion. 
 Doherty, George C— Sgt., U. S. Postal Service 732d. 
 Doherty, Robert E. — Wagoner, 36th Tank Corps. 
 Doherty, James — Pvt., Base Hospital 23. 
 Doherty, John A.— Sgt., 3d Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Doika, John— Pvt., Troop B, 17th Cavalry. 
 Doika, Michael — Pvt., 302d Co., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Dolan, John P.— Pvt., Co. I, 307th Infantry. 
 Doll, Henry J.— Surgeon, S. A. T. C. 
 Doll, Herbert C— Pvt., 276th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Doll, John— Pvt., Co. C, 128th Reg't. WG. 
 
 Domagal, Stanley E. — Pvt., 869th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Domagola, Harry V. — Sgt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Domagalla, N. H. — Sgt., 93d Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Domalski, Martin— Pvt., Mach. Gun Bat., 147th Inf. 
 
 Dombrowski, Antoni — Pvt., Co. F, 148th Infantry. 
 
 Dombrowski, John — Sgt., Cook School. 
 
 Dombrowski, Joseph — Pvt., Headquarters Co. ,346th Inf. 
 
 Dombrowski, Leon A. — Corp., Co. H, 7th Infantry. 
 WA October 12, 1918. 
 
 Dombrowski, Stanley A. — Pvt., Casual Co., 19th Reg't. 
 
 Domedion, George — Cook, Replacement Co., 2d Provi- 
 sional Regiment. 
 
 Domiano, Sapia — Pvt., 4th Co., 11th Regiment. 
 
 Dominiak, Joseph — Pvt., Co. B, 50th Engineers. 
 
 Dominick, Stanley^Pvt., Co. A, A. B. R. D. 
 
 Dominaco, Calogero. 
 
 Dominy, Melville J. — Corp., 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Dominick, John H.— Sgt., Co. E, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Dommer, Frank — Pvt., 379th Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Dommer, Louis — Pvt., Co. A, 70th Engineers. 
 
 Dommer, Walter — Cook, Headquarters Co., 302d Eng. 
 
 Domnick, Edward M. — Pvt., Co. C, Rail Detachment, 
 16th Engineers. 
 
 Domras, Philip C. — Bugler, 26th Headquarters Co.. 
 
 Donahue, William J.— Pvt., 83d Co., Tank Corps. 
 
 Donahue, Michael— Pvt., Co. B, 307th Infantry. WA 
 June 24, 1918. 
 
 Donahugh, Raymond W. — Pvt. 
 
 Donaldson, Fames — Cadet, Air Service School. 
 
 Donaldson, John T.— Corp., Co. F, 106th Supply Train. 
 
 Donati, R.— Pvt., 137th Co., Ordnance F. D. 
 
 Donavan, William J. — Cook. 
 
 Donehue, Ray G. — Wagoner, Supply Co., 36th F. A. 
 
 Donnelly, Francis J. — Ist-class Pvt., Tank Corps. 
 
 Donnelly, Harold J. — Pvt., Ambulance Corps. 
 
 Donley, Arthur J.— Pvt., Co. A, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Donohue, Dennis J. — Pvt., 64th Co., Engineer Corps. 
 
 Donohue, Joseph M. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 307th 
 Infantry. WG June 24, 1918. 
 
 Donohue, F. — Pvt., Co. H, 21st Engineers. 
 
 Donohue, Harold P.— Sgt., 344th Labor Battalion. 
 
 Donop, Harold K. — 156th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Donovan, Edward W.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Donovan, Timothy F. — Capt., 23d Co., Base Hospital. 
 
 Donovan, William J.— Cook, Co. B, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Donovan, William J. — Colonel, 165th Infantry. WA 
 July 25, 1918, WA October 15, 1918. 
 
 Cited. Distinguished Service Cross; Croix de Guerre, 
 .^warded Italian War Cross. King Victor's citation reads: "His 
 Majesty, the King of Italy, Victor Emmanuel III, has deigned to 
 confer on you the Italian War Cross in recognition of the gallantry 
 you have shown and of the merit you have acquired for the com- 
 mon cause, even though you have not fought on Italian soil." 
 
 Doody, John J.— Pvt., Co. C, 61st. WA October 30, '18. 
 Dooley, Edward F.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Dooley, Joseph S.— Pvt. WA October 1918. 
 Doorte, John C. — Lieut., Battery A, 307th F. A. 
 Doran, Edward J., D.D.S.— Pvt., 4th Medical Records 
 
 Detachment Infantry. 
 Doran, John A.— Pvt., Co. A, 59th. 
 Dories, Anthony— Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 7. 1918. 
 
530 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Dorolrala, Joseph F.— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Dorsch, William — 336th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Dorscheid, Norbert — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th 
 Infantry. WA September 21, 1918. 
 
 Dorsheimer, Albert R.— Pvt., 7th Co., 157th Depot Brig. 
 
 Dorsheimer, Edward — Corp., 479th Co., Motor Trans. 
 
 Dory, Joseph J. — Pvt. 
 
 Doscher, George C— Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Dotterweich, John M. — Sgt., Co. E, Proving Grounds. 
 
 Dotterweich, Joseph H.— Lieut., Co. A, 6th Bn. Tr. Art. 
 
 Dougan, Charles A.— Corp., 458th Co., 418th M. S. T. 
 
 Dougan, John H. — Pvt., 14th Co., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Doughan, Edward— Pvt., Co. A, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Doughan, John — Sgt., Headquarters Co., 6th Brigade. 
 
 Dougherty, Edward P. — Pvt., Chauffeurs Detachment. 
 
 Dougherty, Felix J. — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Dougherty, Harold E.— Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneer Inf. 
 
 Dougherty, Roy — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Dougherty, Thomas R.— Pvt., Co. I, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Douglas, Albert E. — Corp., Co. K, 7th Infantry. 
 
 Douglas, Reginald B. — 3d Brigade. 
 
 Douns, Stanley — Pvt., Headquarters Co., M. T. S. 
 
 Douris, John A. — Sgt.,Headq'rs Co., 346th Service Bn. 
 
 Douris, Stanley Wm. — Pvt., Despatch Rider, Head- 
 quarters 27th Division. 
 
 Cited for valiant service at the Hindenburg Line for carrying 
 despatches. 
 
 Douse, Arthur P. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 345th Inf. 
 Douse, John J.— Pvt., Battery E, 46th F. A. WA. 
 Douthwaite, Godfrey— Sgt., Co. C, 102d Am. Train. 
 Douthwaite, Norman E. — Lieut., Co. E, 327th Infantry. 
 Dowd, Bernard J.— Mess Sgt., Co. G, 309th Infantry. 
 
 WG September 1918. 
 Dowd, Thomas — Corp., Co. B, 61st Ammunition Train. 
 Dowd, William H.— Sgt., Co. C, 39th Engineers. 
 Dowdell, John T.— Pvt., Casual Co. 
 Dowdsell, Patrick — Pvt., 104th Ammunition Train. 
 Dowdell, Michael J. — Corp., 639th Aero Squadron. 
 Dowis, James L. — Corp. WA. 
 Dowley, George D. — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Downey, David H. — Pvt. 
 
 Downey, John J. — Corp., Battalion F, 1st Regiment. 
 Downey, Richard — Sgt., Stevedores. 
 Downs, Alfred W.— Pvt., Battery D, 36th Field Art, 
 Downs, Harold — Pvt. 
 
 Downs, Frederick W. — Lieut., Staff, Air Service. 
 Dowser, Edward J. — Wagoner, 7th Trench Mortar 
 
 Battery. WA September 29, 1918. 
 Doyle, John C. — Ordnance Department. 
 Doyle, John T.— Pvt., Co. M, 345th Infantry. 
 Doyle, Morris F.— Pvt., Battery E, 344th F. A. 
 Doyle, Wm. D. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Drabik, Joseph — Pvt., Co. I, Casual Detachment. 
 Draddy, Kevin F.— Pvt., Co. A, 339th Infantry. 
 Drahms, John — Corp., 86th Aero Squadron. 
 Drake, Harry L. — Corp., Casual Detachment. 
 Drankhan, Frank S.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers WA 
 
 August 12, 1918. 
 Drankhan, Joseph C— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Am. Train. 
 Draper, Walter S.— Pvt., Utility Co., Q. C. 
 Dreschel, Norman C. — Pvt., Co. B, 45th Battalion. 
 
 Dreher, Rudolph, Jr.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Drellich, Abraham. 
 
 Drennan, Langdon D.— Pvt., Co. C, 102d Field Signal 
 Battalion. 
 
 Dreux, Alexander J.— Lieut., Co. G, 0. T. S. 
 
 Drescher, Casper J. — Pvt., 503d Aero Squadron. 
 
 Drescher, John J. — Pvt., Co. 4, 15th Regiment. 
 
 Dreseler, — Cook, Machine Gun Co., 309th Infantry. 
 WA September 18, 1918. 
 
 Drewelon, John L. — Pvt., 5th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Drews, Anthony — Pvt., Medical Corps, 309th Infantry. 
 WG September, 1918. 
 
 Drews, Charles— Pvt., 306th Sup. Infantry. 
 
 Drews, Charles— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Drews, Joseph G. — Pvt. 
 
 Drexelius, Joseph E. — Pvt., 68th Infantry. 
 
 Drexelius, Carl — Sgt., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Drexler, Harry A. — Corp., 61st Machine Gun Co. 
 
 Dreyfuss, Jerome — Pvt , Headquarters Co., 302d Eng. 
 
 Dreyfuss, Milton— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Driscoll, Denis — Sgt., Stevedore Regiment. 
 
 Driscoll, Florence— Pvt., Co. I, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Driscoll, Jeremiah — Pvt., Coast Artillery Corps. 
 
 Driscoll, James D.— Corp., 307th Field Hospital. 
 
 Driscoll, John J.— Pvt., 303d Stevedores. 
 
 Driscoll, John J. — Sgt., 801st Stevedores. 
 
 Driscoll, Michael J.— Pvt., Co. F, 309th Infantry. WG 
 October 22, 1918. 
 
 Driscoll, Michael J.— Sgt. WA. 
 
 Driscoll, William— Pvt., Co. F, 307th Infantry. WA 
 September 9, 1918. 
 
 Drummond, Earl F.— Mechanic, 39th Co., 10th Re- 
 construction Battalion. 
 
 Drumsta, Bruno B. — Pvt., Co. C, 502d Engineers. 
 
 Drumsta, Walter D.— Pvt., Co. D, 312th A. T. 
 
 Drzeweicki, John— Pvt., Co. C, 306th. WA July 1918. 
 
 Drzewsicki, Walter F. — Pvt. Co. K, Overseas Conva- 
 lescent Detachment. 
 
 Drzewiecki, Stanley J. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 58th Inf. 
 
 Duchauski, Stanley F.— Pvt., 512th Co., 423d Motor 
 Supply Train. 
 
 Duchscherer, Fred P.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. G, 307th Inf. 
 
 Ducker, Raymond W. — Pvt., Co. D, Erie Proving Gds. 
 
 Duckfelder, Joseph— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Ducro, Gregory J. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., Air Ser- 
 vice, 1st Pursuit Group. 
 
 Dudkowski, John A.— Pvt., 36th Co., 152d Depot Brig. 
 
 Dudkowski, John— Pvt., 23d Co., 6th Training Bat. 
 
 Dudkowski, Joseph J. — Corp., Co. B, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Dudley, John E. — -Lieut., 100th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Dudziak, Michael— Pvt., 12th Co., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Duerr, Albert L.— Pvt., Co. D, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Duerr, Charles F.— Bugler, Battery E, 334th F. A. 
 
 Dueer, Edward J.— Pvt., Battery E, 334th F. A. 
 
 Duffy, Nat. — French Aviation. 
 
 Cited. Croix De Guerre. 
 
 Dugan, Neil J.— Corp., Co. I, 307th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 9, 1918. 
 Duggan, Leo. M.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Duggan, Joseph J. — Pvt., Military Police. 
 Duke, Angelo — Pvt., 6th Trench Mortar Battery. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 531 
 
 Dumble, Milton — Corp. 
 
 Dunbar, Davis T.— Major, 27th, 54th Brig. Staff. 
 
 Duncan, Russell H.— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 4, 1918. 
 Dungan, Paul — Candidate 23d Co., Officers' Training 
 
 School. 
 Dunham, Roy E.— Sgt., Battery A, 84th Field Artillery. 
 Dunkowski, Walter — 154th Depot Brigade. 
 Dunlap, Jack — Corp. WA. 
 Dunlap, John N. M. — Pvt., Casual Co., Edgewood 
 
 Arsenal. 
 Dunlop, John M. — Ist-class Pvt., Chemical Warfare 
 
 Service. 
 Dunn, Ralph J. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Dunning, Charles J.— Pvt., Co. C, 18th Infantry. WG 
 
 May 2, 1918. 
 Dunning, Edward — Pvt., 307th Infantry. 
 Dunpfl, George Jr. — Pvt., 51st Pioneers. 
 Dunwoodie, Richard H. — Corp., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 
 WA October 14, 1918. 
 DePlante, James F. — Musician, Headquarters Co., 
 
 55th Pioneers. 
 Durbin, William 0.— Lieut., 302d Engineers. WG 
 
 September, 1918. 
 Durby, Archie — Pvt., Camp Hancock. 
 Durick, Edward T. — Wagoner, Headquarters, 308th 
 
 Machine Gun Battalion. 
 Durkin, Andrew J.— Sgt., Co. G, 309th Infantry. WG 
 
 October, 1918. 
 Durham, James E. — Sgt. 
 
 Awarded Distinguished Service Cross. 
 
 Durski, Michael — Pvt., Co. K, 35th Engineers. 
 
 Durshordive, C. J. H.— Sgt. Major, Co. E, 7th Head- 
 quarters, 1st Army Replacement Depot. 
 
 Durshordive, Michael — Co. C, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Duryea, Henry D.— 1st Lieut., M. C. U. S. A., Base 
 Hospital No. 13. 
 
 Dusel, Albert F. — 2d Information, Camp Dix. 
 
 Dusenburg, Frank A. — Pvt., Battalion, 5th. 
 
 Duszynski, Frank — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Duszynski, Stephen A. — Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. 
 WG October 14, 1918. 
 
 Dutcher, C. Arthur — Lieut., Air Service. 
 
 Dutcher, Frank R. — Corp., 69th Photo Sec, Air Service. 
 
 Duttweiler, Walter R.— Pvt., Co. B, 60th Infantry. 
 
 Dvorlek, A. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Dwyer, Edw. J.— Corp., Co. B, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Dwyer, John P. — Sgt., Base Hospital. 
 
 Dwyer, Leo A. — Pvt., 12th Cavalry. 
 
 Dyke, George A. — Pvt., 303d Engineers. 
 
 Dylowski, Stanley — Corp., Co. A, 128th Engineers. 
 
 Dziadarzek, John — Pvt., 310th Co., Guard Fire. 
 
 Dzimian, Adam — Pvt., Infantry Training Center. 
 
 Dzimian, Valentine — Pvt., Co. L, 4th. 
 
 Dzitcowski, Leo S. — Pvt., Co. A, 120th Engineers. 
 
 Dzrewonski, Teodor B. — Pvt., Co. 7th, Polish Army. 
 
 Eagen, James — Pvt., Co. C, 49th Engineers. 
 
 Eardman, Edward G. — Pvt., Hoboken Port Embark'n. 
 
 Earl, Frank W. — Pvt., Camp Meade. 
 
 Earnst, Daniel H.— Pvt., 8th Field Artillery. 
 
 Eaton, Arthur C— Corp., 310th Field Artillery. 
 
 Eaton, Russell L. — Sgt., 311th Ambulance Corps. 
 Easterberg, G. L.— Corp., Co. C, 603d Engineers. WA 
 
 November 10, 1918. 
 Ebeel, Joseph J.— Pvt., Co. D, 309th Infantry. 
 Eberhardt, Albert— Corp., 100th Co. 21st Grd. Div. 
 
 Trans. Corps. 
 Eberhardt, George F. — Pvt., Co. E, 1st Army Replace- 
 ment Depot. 
 Eberle, Charles— 302d Am. Train. WG June 21, 1918. 
 Eberle, Eugene— Sgt., Co. F, 303d Engineers. 
 Eberhardt, Robert— Pvt., Co. F, 325th Infantry. 
 Eberlin, Earl F.— Pvt., Batt. A, 23d October Automa- 
 
 tice Replacement Draft. 
 Eck, Cletus R. — Air Service. 
 Ecker, Albert H.— Pvt., Co. E, 326th Infantry. 
 Eckart, Leo A. — Pvt., 534th Casual Company. 
 Eckert, George— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 Eckert, Lawrence — Corp., Co. F, 4th Supply Train. 
 Eckert, John J.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 306th Inf. 
 Eckert, Wallace B. — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps. 
 Edbauer, Howard J.— Sgt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. 
 Eddy, Elmer S.— L. E. Q., Electric Training School. 
 Eddy, Earl P.— Pvt. WA November 11, 1918. 
 Eddy, George J.— Sgt., Co. H, 309th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 18, 1918. 
 Eddy, Valora D.— Pvt., Medical Detachment, 312th 
 
 Field Signal Battalion. 
 Edelman, Abraham — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 309th 
 
 Infantry. WA October 2, 1918. 
 Edelman, Carl F. — Pvt., Headquarters. 
 Edelman, Walter R.—lst-class Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engrs. 
 Eder, Albert J.— Pvt., Co. G, 348th Infantry. 
 Eder, Louis A.— Pvt., Co. B, 344th Machine Gun Bat. 
 Edson, Francis H. — Lieut., British Royal Air Force. 
 Edwards, Charles H.— Lieut., 307th Fire Gurad. 
 Edwards, David T.— Sgt., Co. H, 309th Infantry. WG 
 
 August 4, 1918. 
 Edwards, Edison R.— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Am. Train. 
 Edwards, Ralph A.— Pvt., Co. A, 328th Infantry. WG 
 
 September 1918. 
 Eger, Edward— Pvt. WA August 18, 1919. 
 Eger, Richard— Pvt., Co. B., 306th Infantry. WA. 
 
 August 17, 1918. 
 Eggler, Louis F. — Postal Express Service. 
 Egner, Wm. F. — Erie Proving Grounds. 
 Egner, Wm. T.— Pvt., 69th Balloon Company. 
 Ehde, Harold G.— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. WA 
 
 July 13, 1918. 
 Ehde, R. L.— Corp., 22d Ordnance Guards. 
 Ehlert, Edward B.— Pvt., 2d Co., Army Service Corps. 
 Ehlert, Fred C— Pvt., Co. G, 21st Engineers. 
 Eibl, Frank Geo.— Pvt., 310th F. A. M. P. 
 Eibl, John J. — Corp., 57th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 Eich, George— Sgt., Casual Co., 363d Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. 
 Eichman, John, Jr. — Corp., Base Hospital 23. 
 Eidurson, Ureal— Pvt., Co. B, 7th Battalion, U. S. G. 
 Eifert, William F.— Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry. 
 Eigenbrod, Fredk. G. — Corp., Chemical Warfare Serv. 
 Eighmy, Manley G.— Lieut., 27th Co., Central Officers' 
 
 Training School. 
 
532 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Eilbert, Lester F. — Capt., Pres. Aviation Examination 
 
 Board. 
 Eilitz, Henry G.— Pvt., 883d Aero Squadron. 
 Eimer, George — Pvt., 303d Ammunition Train. 
 Eimer, Michael. 
 
 Eimiller, Burt F. — Lieut., Co. B, 1st Infantry. 
 Eimiller, Leo J.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th Inf. 
 Eimiller, Ross G.— Pvt., Tank Corps. 
 Eimiller, Wm. C— Sgt., 309th Field Hospital. 
 Eisele, Frank H.— 7th Corps, P. M. S. 
 Eisele, Wm. S. — Sgt., Central Officers' Training School. 
 Eisenberger, Edw. W.— Corp., Co. H, 345th Infantry. 
 Eisenman, Albert G. — Corp., 22d Infantry. 
 Eisensmith, Walter W^. — Corp., 319th Tank Company. 
 Eiskant, Christopher— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 Eiskant, John J.— Corp., Co. D, 307th Infantry. WA 
 
 June 18, 1918. 
 Eiskant, Peter P.— Pvt., Co. A, 346th Infantry. 
 Eiss, Weller G.— Pvt., Medical Detachment, 106th 
 
 Supply Train. 
 Eityect, John — Cook and Baker School. 
 Elberron, Andrew C. — Aviation Signal Corps. 
 Elden, C. Arthur — Sgt., Chemical Warfare, WA May 
 
 and September 1918. 
 Elden, Howard E. — Pvt., Sanitary Corps. 
 Eldridge, Chas. W.— Sgt., 323d Fire Truck Company. 
 Elley, Raymond— Pvt., 302d Sanitary Train. 
 Elkington, Gordon D.— Pvt., Battery B, 58th F. A. 
 Eller, Edward C— Sgt., S. A. T. C. 
 Ellerstein, Jacob — Pvt. 
 
 Elliott, Chas. W.— Sgt., 410th Telephone Battalion. 
 Elliott, Warner — Pvt., Machine Gun Battalion. WA 
 
 September 30, 1918. 
 Ellicott, George W. — Corp., 2d Co., Central Machine 
 
 Gun and Training School. 
 Ellis, Elmer E.— Cook, Cooks School. 
 Ellis, Jerome R.— Pvt., 14th Co., 1st R. R. M. T. Co. 
 Ellis, John J.— Sgt., Co. C, 303d Ammunition Train. 
 Ellis, Michael— Pvt., 157th Depot Brigade. 
 Ellison, Albert R.— Lieut., Machine Gun Co., 301st Inf. 
 Ellsworth, L. Nelson — 1st Aid Hospital Corps. 
 Elmore, Nelson A. M.— 2d Officer, U. S. Steam Engr. 
 
 School. 
 Elmore, Frank B.— Pvt., Battery A, 305th F. A. 
 Elsaesser, Otto H.— Lieut., Co. A, 61st Infantry. 
 Elsaesser, Wm. C. J.— Corp., Co. A, 502d Battalion 
 
 Engineers. 
 Elsaesser, Charles F. — Sgt., 19th Infantry. 
 Elsesser, Leland E.— Sgt., 309th Machine Gun Bat- 
 talion. WA October 16, 1918. 
 Eisner, Sidney N. — Lieut., Camp Meigs, Wash. 
 Elworthy, Wm. G.— Pvt., Military Police. 
 Emerick, Frank E.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 307th Inf. 
 Emerson, Clarence L. — Pvt., Medical Corps. 
 Endres, Charles— Pvt., 3d Co., C. M. 
 Emerson, Harry A. — Pvt., Ordnance Department. 
 Emerick, Howard L. — Pvt., Machine Gun Company, 
 
 348th Infantry. 
 Emge, Adam L. 
 Emslie, Percy G.— Ist-class Pvt., 329th Battalion, 
 
 Tank Corps. 
 
 Endres, Fred— Pvt., 303d Sanitary Train. 
 
 Endres, Albert L.— Corp., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Endres, Joseph F.— Pvt., Co. A, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Engel, Daniel C— Pvt., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Engel, Ed. Theo.— Pvt., 348th Infantry. 
 
 Engel, George J. — Pvt., Base Hospital 6. 
 
 Engel, Harold J. — Corp., 342d Remount Squadron. 
 
 Engelbert, Walter G.— Cook, Co. E, 309th Inf. WA 
 
 Engelbert, John F.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. E, 348th Inf. 
 
 Engelhardt, Bernhardt F.— Co. A, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Engelhardt, Edward— Pvt., Co. A, 314th Am. Train. 
 
 Engelhardt, Herbert J. — Pvt., October Automatic Re- 
 placement Draft, Postal Express Service. 
 
 Engelhaupt, Bernard — Corp., 63d Trans. 
 
 Engle, Albert A.— Pvt., 3d Co., 99th Division. 
 
 Engler, Walter F.— Pvt., Supply Co., 347th Infantry. 
 
 English, John B.— Cadet, 2d Co., E. O. T. S. 
 
 Enlow, Thomas— Lieut.,25thCo., Casual OfficersP.W.E. 
 
 Enright, George M. — Pvt., 304th Ammunition Train. 
 
 Enright, Herbert W.— Pvt., Battery C, 60th F. A. 
 
 Enright, Thomas V.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Enser, George J. — 48th Training Battalion, Central 
 Officers' Training School. 
 
 Ensley, Ernest — Pvt., Co. L, 63d Pioneers. 
 
 Enslin, Louis W.— Pvt., Co. D, G. H. Q. Battalion. 
 
 Enlow,Thomas—Lieut.,25th Co., Casual OfficersP.W.E. 
 
 Erb, Henry M. — Lieut., Medical Supply. 
 
 Erckert, Louis R. — Wagoner, Co. C, 102d Am. Train. 
 
 Erfiing, Fred. — Sgt., 55th Pioneers. 
 
 Erhard, A. J. — Co. E, 302d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Erlanbach, Lester— Sgt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Erhard, Lawrence — Base Hospital 83. 
 
 Ermatinger, Raymond H. — Pvt., Co. C, 303d Engineers 
 
 Ernst, Henry R. — Pvt., Coast Artillery. 
 
 Ernest, Gust. — Pvt., Headquarters, Camp Upton. 
 
 Ernest, Howard L. — Musician, 39th Infantry Band. 
 
 Ernewein, Charles E. — Pvt., Co. C, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Ernewein, Fred P.— Pvt., 307th Infantry. 
 
 Ernst, Charles F.— Pvt., 13th Co., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Ernst, Walter H.— Pvt., Co. D, 307th Unit, Motor 
 Transport. 
 
 Ernstine, Fred C— Sgt., Co. B, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Eron, Anthony H.— Pvt., Co. E, 59th Infantry. WA 
 August 5, 1918. 
 
 Errington, Robert — Lieut., 303d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Ersing, Nicholas — Pvt., Co. C, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Ertel, Edward A. — Driver, Canadian Engineers. 
 
 Ertel, Louis— Pvt., Co. M, 308th Infantry. 
 
 Ertell, Elmer G. — Co. B, Ordnance Department. 
 
 Ertmann, Adam — Pvt., 101st Sanitary Train. 
 
 Esah, Alex— Pvt., Co. G, Depot Battalion. 
 
 Esch, Joseph J. — Corp., Co. M, 51st Artillery. 
 
 Eschner, Richard — Pvt., 1st Provisional Regiment. 
 
 Eshelby, A. Carl— Pvt., 43d Transport Corps, 5th R. 
 R. Division. 
 
 Estabrook, Morse W.— Pvt., 23d Co., 6th Battalion. 
 
 Esthimer, Leonard — Pvt., Co. F, 61st Infantry. WA 
 September 29, 1918. 
 
 Estry, Samuel T.— Sgt., 33d Co., 9th Battalion. 
 
 Ettlinger, Michael— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Etzrodt, Albert— Pvt., Co. F, 306th Infantry. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 533 
 
 Etzradt, Edward— Pvt., Co. G, 348th Infantry. 
 Euller, Geo. L.— Pvt., Battery B, 336th Field Artillery. 
 Euller, Wm. L. — Pvt., 335th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 Evans, Edwin B. — Lieut., Aviation. 
 Evans, Clement — Pvt., Co. A, 5th Development Bat. 
 
 Evans, Edwin F. — Cook, 13th Anti-Aircraft Battalion. 
 
 Evans, Irvin.— Sgt., 38th Inf. Machine Gun Co. G. 
 
 Evans, John H. — Capt., Medical Corps. 
 
 Evans, Thomas— Pvt., Co. I, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Evens, William H. — Pvt., 304th Remount, Quarter- 
 master Corps. 
 
 Everhart, John H.— Sgt., 360th Co., M. S. T. W. 
 
 Everett, Albert E.— Pvt., Supply Co., 328th Infantry. 
 
 Everett, Perry M. — Pvt., Hospital, Camp Morrison. 
 
 Everr, Edward M. — 355th Labor Battalion. 
 
 Evers, William V. — Headquarters Co., 308th Machine 
 Gun Battalion. 
 
 Everson, Nelson T. — Pvt. ,154th Brigade Headq'rs. WA. 
 
 Ewan, Edward W.— Pvt., 303d Engineers. 
 
 Ewele, Edward — Pvt., 1st Development Battalion. 
 
 Ewin, Alfred 0.— Pvt., Co. G, 326th Infantry. 
 
 Ewert, Edward L.— Pvt., Co. A, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Ewine, William — 1st Co., 6th Regiment. 
 
 Ewing, Edwin L.— Sgt., Co. A, 16th Machine Gun Bat. 
 
 Eydt, Harold J.— Co. F, 310th Inf. WA Nov. 1, 1918. 
 
 Fabbiano, Ruco— Pvt., Co. G, 133d Infantry. 
 
 Faber, John C— Pvt., Reg. Sta. JA PO 921, A. E. F. 
 
 Fabiszewski, Charles J.— Pvt. Co. A, 106th Supply Tr'n. 
 
 Fabiszewski, Peter P.— Pvt., 25th Co., 7th Battalion. 
 
 Faehr, Frank F. — Pvt., 4th Co., Army Service Corps. 
 
 Fahy, Robert— Pvt., Co. B, 312th Engineers. 
 
 Faldrowicz, John — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Falkowski, Walter — Co. C, 1st Battalion, Infantry. 
 
 Faller, Harry— Pvt., Co. D, 305th Machine Gun Bat. 
 
 Faltisco, Andrew — Pvt., Co. A, 35th Engineers. WA. 
 
 Falton, Frank— Pvt., Co. C, 312th Ammunition Train. 
 
 Faragher, John J. — Pvt., Co. A, 58th Engineers. 
 
 Farey, William J. — Pvt., Headquarters, 311th Infantry. 
 WA October 21, 1918. 
 
 Farley, Alford J.— 1st Lieut., Co. D, 307th Machine 
 Gun Battalion. 
 
 Farnham, William H. — 2d Lieut., Headq'rs, 2d Army. 
 
 Farracca, Angelo — Co. B, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Farrell, Edward — Pvt., 301st Unit, Quartermaster Corp. 
 
 Farrell, Ernest J.— Sgt. WA. 
 
 Farell, George J.— Sgt., Co. B, 311th Motor Transport 
 Corps. 
 
 Farell, James E.— Pvt., Battery A, 36th Field Artillery. 
 
 Farrell, James E. — 2d Lieut., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Farrell, John T. — 1st Sgt., Gen'l Records, Reg. Army. 
 
 Farrell, Leonard — Sgt., 102d Engineers. 
 
 Farrell, Richard H. — 1st Sgt., Headquarters, Chemical 
 Warfare Service. 
 
 Farrell, Thomas P.— Pvt., 18th Battalion. WA Sep- 
 tember 26, 1918. 
 
 Farrell, William M.— Pvt., Battery A, Canadian Ex- 
 peditionary Forces, Field Artillery. 
 
 Farrino, Louis— Pvt., Battery E, 69th Field Artillery. 
 
 Farum, James T. — Corp. WA. 
 
 Faso, Egnatio — Pvt., 9th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 
 Faust, Herbert C. — Aviation Corps. 
 
 Faux, Augustus J.— Corp., Co. C, 326th Infantry. WA 
 October 16, 1918. 
 
 Fay, Edward N. — Lieut., Claims Department, A. E. F. 
 
 Fayfield, Robert H. — Artillery. 
 
 Fearon, Frank S. — Corp., Supply Co., 309th Infantry. 
 
 Fearon, Harold G.— Pvt., Co. A, 334th Bat., Tank Corps. 
 
 Fechter, Frank C. — Repair Co., Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Fedders, Theodore C, .Jr.— 2d Lieut., Staff Corps, 
 Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Federichi, Frank — Corp. WA. 
 
 Fegen, William M. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Feigel, John H. — 1st Lieut., Co. F, 1st Engineers. WA 
 October 16, 1918. 
 
 Feinberg, Harry — 1st Lieut., Headquarters, Camp Dix. 
 
 Feinberg, Harvey — Pvt., Headquarters. 
 
 Feinberg, Max— Pvt., Battery E, 60th Field Artillery. 
 
 Feinen, John— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Feinen, Nicholas — Corp., Medical Corps. 
 
 Feinle, Chris., Jr.— Pvt., Co. F, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Feinle, Jacob G. — Pvt., 5th Co., Automatic Replace- 
 ment Draft. 
 
 Feit, Frank, Jr.— Pvt. 
 
 Felber, Arthur — Pvt., 1st Co., October Automatic Re- 
 placement Draft. 
 
 Felckowski, Bronislaw— Pvt., Co. K, 328th Inf. WA. 
 
 Felcone, Tony— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Felder, John, Jr. — Pvt., 1st Division. 
 
 Feldman, Hy— Sgt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Feldman, Jack — Pvt., Headq'rs, Air Service Corps. WA. 
 
 Feldman, Leo C— Sgt., Co. C, 327th Infantry. 
 
 Feldman, Leroy S.— Ist-class Pvt., Battery D, 33d F. A. 
 
 Feldmeyer, Frank J.— Pvt., 16th Co., 152d Depot Brig. 
 
 Fell, Charles J. — Pvt., Headquarters, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Fell, William J.— Ist-class Pvt., Headq'rs, 345th Inf. 
 
 Feller, William J.— Pvt., Co. M, 58th Infantry. 
 
 Fellner, Jacob J.— Pvt., 47th Inf. WA Oct. 4, 1918. 
 
 Fehringer, Michael A.— Pvt. Co. F, 106th Supply Train. 
 
 Fellner, Lawrence J.— Pvt., 307th Infantry. 
 
 Fels, Emil R.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Felschow, Gustav— Pvt., A. O. P. 705. 
 
 Felton, Chester C, Jr.— 1st Sgt., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Felton, Harry R. — Ist-class Sgt., Co. C, 56th Engineers. 
 
 Feltz, William- 3d Artillery. 
 
 Felzer, Joseph E. — Pvt., Co. H, 21st Engineers. 
 
 Femmenino, Frank — Pvt. 
 
 Fender, Fred G.— Lieut., 11th Co., M. M. Regiment., 
 
 Fenno, Chester W.— Pvt., Co. B, 305th Battalion 
 Tank Corps. 
 
 Fenski, Leo — Corp., Co. G, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Fenton, Albert H.— 1st Sgt., 1st Air Service. WG 
 June 13, 1918. 
 
 Fenton, Irving E.— Pvt., 4th Co., M. R. S. 303d Unit 
 and Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Fenzel, Albert F.— Wagoner, Co. D, 312th Am. Train. 
 
 Ferastro, Thomas— Pvt., Co. C, 10th Battalion. WA. 
 Fergen, Jos. H. — Pvt., Co. G, Infantry. 
 
 Ferger, Francis — Sgt., Headquarters, 312th Am. Train. 
 
 Ferguson, Edmund R. — 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Ferguson, John T. 
 
 Ferguson, Hugh M. — Pvt. 
 
 Ferguson, Stuart A. — Pvt., 12th Ammunition Train. 
 
534 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Ferguson, William L. — Pvt. WA. 
 Ferno, S. Harold — Rgt. S-M., Headquarters, 41st Div. 
 Ferrentine, Salvatore— Pvt., 17th Co., 152d D. B. 
 Ferrick, William K. — Sgt., Headquarters, Camp Dix. 
 Ferrino, Louis — Battery E, 69th Field Artillery. 
 Ferry, Bertram— Pvt., Co. A, 306th Infantry. 
 Ferry, Hy J., Jr.— Pvt., Co. K, 306th Infantry. 
 Festag, Charles— Pvt., Co. L, 301st Q. C. 
 Fetes, Geo. B.— Pvt., Co. I, 310th Infantry. 
 Fetzer, Joseph E. — Pvt., Co. H, 21st Engineers. 
 Fetzer, William— Corp., Co. A, 326th Infantry. 
 Feusi, George E. — Musician, 1st Engineers. 
 Fial, Frank A.— Battery F, 308th Field Artillery. 
 Fick, Edwin C— Ist-class Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. 
 Fickenscher, Herbert W. — Corp., Co. F, 311th Infantry. 
 
 WA October 18, 1918. 
 Fiddler, Benjamin A. — Corp., Chemical Warfare Serv. 
 Fiden, Casper J.— Pvt., Co. C, 87th Division. 
 Fiedler, Richard L. — Lieut., Air Service. 
 Fiel, Harry G.— Co. B, 23d Inf. WA Sept. 12, 1918. 
 Field, Reginald R.— Co. E, 19th Infantry. 
 Fiest, John — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Figliolo, Anthony— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Inf. G. 
 Figlo, A. J.— Pvt. WA. 
 Filas, John — Pvt., Base Hospital 68. 
 Filbrick, Harry M. — Pvt., Headquarters, 10th Bat. 
 Filett, John C— Corp., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 Filioli, Anthony— Pvt. WA. 
 Fillippe, Sam— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Filor, John J.— Pvt., Battery F, 36th Field Artillery. 
 Filitoch, Alik— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Filipiak, Peter E. — Corp., Co. A, 81st Engineers; 
 Fimiani, Robert J — Corp., 499th Aero Squadron. 
 Fimiani, Philip — 1st class Pvt., 310th Aero Squadron. 
 Finch, Arthur A. — Sgt., Ordnance Department. 
 Finch, Harold R.— Corp., 77th Field Artillery. 
 Finch, Nathaniel A. — Lieut., Motor Transport Corps. 
 Finch, Raymond G. — Sgt., Headquarters, 55th Pioneers 
 Findlay, Lyle A. — 2d Lieut., Base Hospital 141. 
 Finger, William C— Pvt., Co. C, 312th Engineers. 
 Finegan, George — 251st Military Police. 
 Fink, Carl. 
 
 Fink, Charles F.— Pvt., Co. C, 118th Engineers. 
 Fink, George W.— Pvt., Co. C, 303d Am. Train. 
 Fink, John H.— Pvt., Co. C, 22d Infantry. 
 Fink, Jacob— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 Finkelstein, Morris— Pvt., 10th Co., 154th Depot Brig. 
 Finley, Ralph J.— Sgt., Co. D, S. T. A. C. 
 Fin, Albert E.— Corp., Co. E, 61st U. S. Infantry. W 
 
 November 1918, Argonne. 
 Finn, Daniel J.— Sgt., 2d Battalion, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Finn, Edward D.— Corp., Co. L, 306th Infantry. WG. 
 Finn, William J.— Pvt., Co. A, Battalion 36th. 
 Finn, Thomas — Corp., Co. A, 39th Infantry. 
 Finnerty, Edw. P.— Wagoner, Co. C, 303d Am. Train. 
 Finsterbach, Fred. J. — Cook, 62d Regiment. 
 Finsterbach, Samuel J. — Cook. W Reed Hospital. 
 Fiore, Michael— Pvt., Co. F, 307th Infantry. 
 Fiorella, Nick A. — Pvt., Headquarters, 327th Infantry. 
 
 WA September 25, 1918. 
 Fiorella, Lorito— Pvt., 62d Battalion. 
 
 Fischer, A. J.— Sgt., 3d Anti-Air Craft. 
 
 Fischer, Geo. E.— Pvt., 6th Co., Base Hospital 3. 
 
 Fischer, George J.— Pvt., Co. A, 308th Battalion. 
 
 Fischer, Harry P. — Pvt., Construction Division. 
 
 Fischer, Lawrence — Co. F, 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Fischer, Nelson M. — Corp., V. C. Remount Station. 
 
 Fischei, Urban A. — Lieut., Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Fischle, Clarence R.— Capt., Co. D, 402d Battalion, 
 Field Signal Corps. 
 
 Fischle, George — Pvt., Co. A, Machine Gun Battalion. 
 
 Fish, Joseph J.— Sgt. W. 
 
 Fish, Raymond J. — Sgt., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Fisci, Oltairo — Pvt. 
 
 Fisher, Charles L., Jr. — French Art. Centre, A. E. F. 
 
 Fisher, Emery B. — Pvt., 167th Air Service Squadron. 
 
 Fisher, Frank M., Jr.— Sgt., Co. H, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Fisher, Fred— 325th Supply Co. 
 
 Fisher, Harold J. — 2d Lieut., Air Service. 
 
 Fisher, Herbert A. — 2d Lieut., Field Artillery Replace- 
 ment Troops. 
 
 Fisher, Peter — Pvt., Co. B, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Fisher, Robert— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Fisher, Roy C. — 1st Lieut., 66th Hospital Corps. 
 
 Fisher, Richard M. — Mechanic, Battery A, 77th Field 
 Artillery. WA. 
 
 Fisher, William C— Pvt. 
 
 Fisher, William J. — Pvt., Co. D, 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Fisk, Geo. C. — Capt., Medical Corps. 
 
 Fissler, Arthur H. — Corp., Headquarters, 302d Eng'rs. 
 
 Fitch, Albert J.— Pvt., 37th Co., 157th Depot Brigade. 
 
 Fitsch, Albert E., Jr.— Co. E, 302d Engineers. WG 
 September, 1918. 
 
 Fitsch, Alfred A.— Sgt., Co. B, National Army Train- 
 ing Detachment. 
 
 Fitzgerald, Edward— Co. K, 305th Infantry. WA 
 October 21, 1918. 
 
 Fitzgerald, George — Co. B, 53d Engineers. WA De- 
 cember 1. 
 
 Fitzgerald, James W.— Co. A, 404th R. L. Battalion. 
 
 Fitzgerald, Thos. C— Pvt., Co. C, 58th Transport Corps. 
 
 Fitzmartin, Adrian T. — Students ' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Fitzpatrick, Edwin J. — 143d Squadron, 3d Motor Trans- 
 port Corps. 
 
 Fitzpatrick, L. A.— Corp., Battalion 42d, Can. E. F. 
 
 Fitzpatrick, Lawrence T. — Pvt., Co. B, 305th Machine 
 Gun Battalion. 
 
 Fitzpatrick, Timothy W.— Sgt., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Fitzsimmons, James J. — U. S. Coast Guard. 
 
 Fix, Albert E.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Fix, Emil A.— Ist-class Pvt., G, 102d Am. Train. 
 
 Fix, Harry J. — Pvt., Headquarters, 113th Infantry. 
 
 Fix, John V.— Co. A, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Flack, Alfred A. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Flack, Edwin, H.— Pvt., Battery C, 71st Artillery. 
 
 Flack, Walter C— Pvt., Co. B, 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Flanagan, George W. — Pvt., Headquarters, 345th Inf. 
 
 Flanagan, Charles — Pvt., Batt. F, 1st Regiment. 
 
 Flanagan, Edward — Sgt., Stevedores. 
 
 Flanagan, J. J.— Pvt., Co. B, 307th Infantry. WG. 
 
 Flanagan, John J. — Pvt., Co. C, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Flanigen, Chas. Francis — Corp., Aircraft Corps. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 535 
 
 Flanigen, Edwin Gaw, Jr. — Sgt., Co. I, Development 
 Battalion 3d. 
 
 Flanigan, James T.— Sgt. W. 
 
 Flanigan, Wm. M.— 2d Lieut., Battery B, 44th C. A. C. 
 
 Flannery, John M. — Lieut., Camp Greenleaf. 
 
 Fleckenstein, Adam — Pvt., Co. A, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Fleckenstein, John — Ist-class Pvt., 302d Bakery. 
 
 Fleckenstein, Raymond — Pvt., Battery E, 34th F. A. 
 
 Fleischauer, August — Wagoner, 302d Ammunition Tr. 
 
 Fleischauer, Richard — Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Fleischauer, Ernst — Battalion 10th. 
 
 Fleischman, Anthony — Pvt., 9th Co., 20th Engineers. 
 
 Fleischman, Arthur H.— Sgt., Co. T, Art. Park Unit 
 5th Corps. 
 
 Fleischmann, Edwin — 2d Lieut., Coast Artillery. 
 
 Fleischman, Geo. A. — Corp., 501st Ref. Plant. 
 
 Fleischman, Henry W.— Sgt., Co. F, 303d Am. Train. 
 
 Fleiss, John— Pvt., Co. B, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Flemming, Leonard — Ist-class Pvt., 302d Supply Train. 
 
 Fleming, Michael J. — Corp., Chemical Warfare Service. 
 
 Fleming, Walter C— Pvt., 308th Ambulance Corps. 
 
 Flemming, Harry J. — Sgt., Gas Defense. 
 
 Fletcher, Charles — Pvt., Headquarters, 327th Infantry. 
 
 Fleury, Arthur H.— Pvt., Headquarters, 336th F. A. 
 
 Fleury, E. J.— C. P. 0., Coast Guards. 
 
 FHcinski, Stanley^Pvt., 349th Infantry. 
 
 FHckinger, Burt P.— Pvt., 302d Motor Car Co. 
 
 Flierl, Jack M. — Co. B, 53d Engineers. 
 
 Flint, Arthur— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. WA No- 
 ember 5, 1918. 
 
 Flint, RajTnond— Pvt., Co. G, 302d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Flock, Kurt. C. — Mechanic, 3d Trench Mortar Battery. 
 
 Flock, Edward— Pvt., Co. C, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Floss, Frederick J. — Sgt., Co. 2d, Army Candidate 
 School. 
 
 Florowski, Adam— Pvt., Co. A, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Flower, Ralph R. — Pvt., Army Ambulance Corps. 
 
 Awarded French Croix de Guerre with bronze star (or utmost 
 disregard of danger as an ambulance driver. 
 
 Flowerday, Jas. A. — Wagoner, Battery C, 38th Coast 
 Artillery. 
 
 Floyd, Alfred R.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Fly, Stanley M.— Co. D, Coast Artillery. 
 
 Flynn, Edward A. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps. 
 
 Flynn, Geo. W.— Pvt., Mobile Hospital 2. 
 
 Flynn, John J.— Sgt., Co. A, R. U. 311th. 
 
 Flynn, Joseph H.— Pvt., Co. E, 111th Inf. W Sep- 
 tember 6, 1918, Fismes. 
 
 Flynn, H. F.— Pvt., 13th Co., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Flynn, Raymond T.— Corp., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 WA August 14, 1918. 
 
 Flynn, Robert E.— Sgt., Co. B, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Foell, Carl F.— Pvt., Medical Corps. 
 
 Fogarty, Ward K.— Pvt., 14th Co., Coast Artillery 
 Corps, Fort Monroe, Va. 
 
 Fogelsonger, Eugene H. — Corp., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Fogut, Jerome— Pvt., Co. B, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Fahey, William J. — Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Foisset, John N.— Pvt., Battery B, 335th Field Artillery. 
 
 Foley, Clarence W.— Corp., 44th Co., 11th Training 
 Battalion, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Foley, Daniel P.— Pvt., Co. D, 81st Engineers. 
 
 Foley, George F. — Wagoner, Co. A, 302d Am. Train. 
 
 Foley, John E.— Pvt., Co. D, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Follen, Paul T.— 1st Lieut., Co. B, 411th Battalion. 
 
 Follick, Stanley E.— Pvt. 
 
 Foltyniak, Albert J. 
 
 Fontana, Sebastian— 1st Sgt., 26th Co., 153d Depot 
 
 Brigade. 
 Foose, Harry W. — Pvt., 74th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 Foran, David J.— Corp., S. A. T. C. 
 Ford, Geo. M. — Ist-class Sgt., Medical Corps. 
 Ford, William — Pvt., Royal Flying Corps. 
 Foremiak, Joseph J. — Pvt. WA. 
 Forgie, Leon C— Capt., 108th Field Artillery. 
 DeForest, John T.— Pvt. Co. C, S. A. T. C. 
 Forman, Stanley — Aviation Field 2. 
 Fornes, Gerard L. — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps. 
 Forestel, Peter R. — Ist-class Pvt., Headquarters, Motor 
 
 Group. WA December 31, 1918. 
 Forrestel, E. P. — Lieut., Medical Corps. 
 Forrester, Hobart S.— Pvt., 86th Machine Gun Co. WA 
 
 November 6, 1917. 
 Forsey, Adam H.— Pvt. WA. 
 Forsey, Harold S.— Pvt. WA. 
 Forster, Alfred P.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 Forster, Frank — Corp., Co. I, 311th Infantry. 
 Forster, Frank — Corp., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Forster, Frank H.— Sgt., 220th Aero Squadron. 
 Forster, Linn H. — 1st Lieut., 148th Aero Squadron. 
 Forsyth, Edgar A., Jr. — Pvt., American Ambulance 
 
 Corps. WA July 15, 1918. 
 Forsyth, Roland — Candidate, Officers' Training School. 
 Fort, Lewis P.— Pvt., Co. L, 347th Infantry. 
 Fortunato, Antonio — Headquarters Co., 346th Infantry. 
 Foss, Carl A.— 2d Lieut., 12th Field Artillery. WA 
 
 August 24, 1918. 
 Foss, David C. — Field Artillery, Central Officers' Train- 
 ing School. 
 Foss, Winfred L. — Pvt., Co. A, Camp Perdue, Ind. 
 Foster, Chas.W.— Ist-class Sgt., Co. E, 209th Engineers. 
 Foster, Harry F. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. F, 51st Pioneer Inf. 
 
 fantry. 
 Foster, Harvey F. — Ist-class Pvt., Medical Department 
 
 Air Service. 
 Foster, Irving J.— Pvt., Co. T, 212th Engineers. 
 Foster, Wm. J.— Pvt., 38th Co., 153d Depot Battalion. 
 Forster, Walter H.— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry. 
 Foudy, Edward R.— 1st Lieut., Co. K, 110th Infantry. 
 
 WG July 15, 1918. 
 Fowler, Robert — Lieut., Medical Corps. 
 Fowler, Raymond P. — 2d Lieut., Am. Ambulance Corps. 
 Fox, Arthur S. — Pvt., 302d Quartermaster Corps. 
 Fox, Earl S.— Pvt., 2d Co., Battery F, 51st Coast Art. 
 Fox, Floyd J. — Ist-class Pvt., Squadron A, Air Service. 
 Fox, Sylvester — Pvt., 306th Infantry. Taken prisoner 
 
 August 27, 1918. 
 Fox, Thomas— Pvt. WA July 24, 1918. 
 Fox, W. A.— Pvt. WA. 
 Fox, William J.— Pvt., 1st Transport Unit. WG July 
 
 21, 1918. 
 Fox, Wilber J. — 21st Engineers. 
 
536 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Francesco, M.— Pvt., Co. K, 7th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Francescone, Domenico — 25th Co., 7th Battalion. 
 
 Francis, Charles — Ist-class Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Franciamore, Calogero — Pvt., Co. D. 
 
 Francis, Frederick 0. — Pvt., Field Artillery, Central 
 Officers' Training School. 
 
 Franck, Mustarello — Batt. C, 1st Prov. Depot Brig. 
 
 Frangiamore, Philippo — Co. C, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Frank, Chester W. — 1st Lieut., 2d Regiment, 1st Army 
 Replacement Depot. 
 
 Frank, Elmer G.~Sgt., 6th Co., 158d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Frank, Emery G. — Machine Gun Co., 345th Infantry. 
 
 Frank, Fans — Pvt., Co. D, 6th Regiment. 
 
 Frank, Lyall L. — Lieut., 161st Depot Brigade, 5th Co. 
 
 Frank, Stephen N.— Sgt., Co. B, 14th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. 
 
 Franke, Arthur — Pvt., Troop B, 15th Cavalry. 
 
 Franke, William— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Frankenberger, Albert G. — Pvt., 1st Co., Quarter- 
 master Corps. 
 
 Frankenberger, Eugene — Ist-class Sgt., 51st Balloon 
 Company. 
 
 Franklin, Oliver B. — Pvt., Canadian Expeditionary 
 Forces. WA November 5, 1917. Somme. 
 
 Frankowski, Frank — Pvt., Co. D, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Frankowski, Jos. — 2d Ordnance Corps. 
 
 Frantz, Aloysius M.— Sgt., 52d Co., 13th Grand Divi- 
 sion, Tank Corps. 
 
 Frantz, Clarence H. — Coast Guards. 
 
 Franz, Hugo C— Ist-class Sgt., Co. C, 319th Field 
 Signal Battalion. 
 
 Franz, John J.— Pvt., Co. G, 306th Infantry. Taken 
 prisoner. 
 
 Eraser, Albert W.— Pvt., 72d Field Artillery. 
 
 Eraser, Thos. A.— Pvt., 335th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 
 Fraser, William A. — 1st Lieut., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Eraser, Robert H.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Frauenheim, Arthur F. — Corp., Co. D, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Frawley, John V.— Pvt., Co. C, 63d Engineers. 
 
 Frazer, Edward J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Frederick, Andrew — Pvt., 3d Squadron, Air Service. 
 
 Frederick, Frank— Sgt., Headq'rs, 326th Labor Bat. 
 
 Frederick, Leo — Pvt., 35th Engineers. 
 
 Frederick, Roland H.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Freedman, Harris— 2d Lieut., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Freedman, Samuel — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Freedman, John — Pvt., Co. B. 
 
 Freedman, Julius— Pvt., 17th Co., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Freedman, Maurice— Pvt. M. G. Co., 311th Inf. W 
 September 28, 1918, St. Mihiel. 
 
 Freeman, Fred — Pvt., Co. B, 106th Ammunition Train. 
 
 Freeman, Geo. H. — Pvt., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Freeze, Arthur W. — Co. D, Military Police. 
 
 Freiberger, Frank W. — Corp., Headquarters, 309th Inf. 
 
 Freisch, Fred J. — 172d Aero Squardon. 
 
 Fremming, Frank H. — Pvt. 
 
 French, Jay H. — Squadron Q, Air Service. 
 
 French, Nath. A., Jr. — Lieut., Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Freudenberg, Wm. — Pvt., 12th Ammunition Train. 
 
 Freudenberger, Philip — Ist-class Pvt., Base Hposital 23. 
 
 Freund, Clarence E. — Co. H, 19th Engineers. 
 
 Frey, Albert P.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Frey, Alvin J. — Chauffeur, Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Frey, Arthur S.— Pvt., 11th Co., 151st Depot Brigade. 
 
 Frey, John J. — Pvt., Hospital 5. 
 
 Frey, Severn — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Freytag, Henry — Corp., 22d Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Frick, Eugene C. — Pvt., School for Cooks and Bakers. 
 
 Frick, Louis J. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. B. 
 
 Friedel, Christian U.— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Friedlander, Harold A. — Ist-class Sgt., Motor Car 313. 
 
 Friedman, Maurice — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th 
 Infantry. WA October 3, 1918. 
 
 Friel, Charles H. — Ist-class Sgt., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Friel, D. J.— 107th Transport Corps. 
 
 Friel, Mark — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Frier, Fred T. — Corp., Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Fries, Robert W.— Corp., 106th Supply Train. 
 
 Frisch, Leo J. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Fronappel, Marola J. — Air Service. 
 
 Fridey, Theo. E. — Ist-class Pvt., Medical Corps. 
 
 Fried, Carlton H.— Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Friedel, Fred— Pvt., Co. A, 346th Engineers. 
 
 Friedman, B. H.— Co. K, 310th Infantry. WA Sep- 
 tember 25, 1918. 
 
 Frier, Fred., Jr.— Pvt., Co. A, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Fries, Charles L. — Pvt., 5th Co., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Fritz, Waltei H.— Pvt., Co. F, 303d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Frizzell, Thomas J.— Sgt. WA. 
 
 Froats, William H.— Pvt., Co. A, 502d Engineers. WA 
 September, 1918. 
 
 Froelich, Charles— Pvt., Co. B, 16th Battalion. 
 
 Froggatt, Elgin B. — Pvt., Air Service. 
 
 Fronczak, Francis E. — Major, Medical Corps. W June 
 18, 1918, at St. Hillaire. 
 
 Fronczak, Jos. E.— 2d Ph. M. 
 
 Fronczak, Leo C— Pvt., Co. G, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Frost, Fred. W.— Pvt., 804th Detachment, M. T. C. 
 
 Frost, Stephen M.— Corp., Co. D, 12th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. 
 
 Fruauff, Henry A. — Sgt., Co. B, 502d Engineers. 
 
 Frueh, Chas.— Pvt., 147th Infantry. W. 
 
 Frustace, Jos. — Tank Corps. 
 
 Frye, Raymond C— Pvt., 20th Co., 5th Regiment. 
 WA June 25, 1918. 
 
 Fryer, Livingston. 
 
 Cited. 
 
 Flynn, Jos. H.— Pvt., Co. E, 11th Regiment. WA 
 
 September 6, 1918. 
 Fuczak, George J. — Signal Corps. 
 Full, Albert P.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th Infantry 
 Full, John E.— Pvt. 
 
 Fuller, Robert L. — Pvt., Chemical Warfare Service. 
 Funcheon, Edward J. — Pvt., Co. H, 21st Engineers. 
 Funk, Albert J. — Sgt., 2d Co., 12th Ammunition Train. 
 Funk, Chester— Pvt., 49th Co., 156th Depot Brigade. 
 Funk, George— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Infantry. 
 Funk, George — Mechanic, Battery A, 305th F. A. 
 Funk, Hartley H.— Pvt., Co. C, 331st Bat. Tank Corps. 
 Funke, Glenn— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. WA 
 
 October 16, 1918. 
 Furmanck, Jos.— Pvt., Co. B, 307th Infantry. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 537 
 
 Furminger, Herbert G. — Pvt., Troop L, 15th Cavalry. 
 Fursbach, Edward H.— Pvt., Repair Unit 319. 
 Fursbach, Frank N.— Pvt., Battery F, 60th F. A. 
 Furstner, Henry W. — Sgt., Pigeon Sec, Signal Corps. 
 Fydrych, Bronislaw—Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry. WA 
 
 August 17, 1918. 
 Gabarsky, Max — Pvt., Co. I, 347th Infantry. 
 Gabel, Giles C— Pvt. WA. September 18, 1918. 
 Gabinck, Albert— Pvt., Co. D, 348th Infantry. 
 Gabriel, Warren H. S. — Sgt., Army Gas School. 
 Gabryelewicz, Bernard — Pvt., Co. C, 146th Infantry. 
 Gackle, Fred J.— Pvt., Battery D, 335th Field Artillery. 
 Gaczewski, Stanislaus — Corp., Co. A, 326th Inf. WA. 
 Gadowski, Frank — Pvt. WA. 
 Gadzid, Wincent — Pvt. 
 
 Gagern, Albert J.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. 
 Gagern, W. W.— Pvt., 780th Motor Transport Corps. 
 Gaffney, Thomas P. — Bugler, Headquarters, 19th F. A. 
 Gaffney, Wm. A. — Pvt., November Replacement. 
 Gaise, Howard C. — 2d Engineers. 
 Gaiser, Adolph J. — Pvt., Co. A, 347th Infantry. 
 Gaiser, Henry Russell — Sgt., 480th Aero Squadron. 
 Gaisewski, John — Pvt., Battery E, 4th Field Artillery. 
 Gajewski, Barney — Corp. .Battery E, 7th Field Artillery. 
 Gajewski, Frank J. — Pvt., Co. 19th Coast Artillery 
 
 Corps. 
 Galas, Michael— Pvt., Co. D, 16th Battalion. 
 Galazini, Joseph— Pvt., 11th Co., 3d Battalion, 152d 
 
 Depot Brigade. 
 Galbo, Vincent F.— Pvt., 20th Co., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 Galhausen, Carl S.— Pvt., Co. C, U. S. Guards. 
 Gall, Adolph— Pvt., Co. F, 325th Inf. W October 17, 
 
 1918, Verdun. 
 Gall, Frederick— Pvt., 306th Field Signal Battalion. 
 Gall, Joseph M. — Corp., Motor Transport Corps. 
 Gallagher, Fred— Corp., Co. C, 307th Infantry. WA 
 
 November 10, 1918. 
 Gallagher, James J. — Pvt., 307th Ammunition Train. 
 Gallagher, James L. — Lieut., Debarkation Hospital 2. 
 Gallagher, John J.— Co. M, 345th Infantry. 
 Gallagher, John— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry. 
 Galligam, Henry L. — Corp. Co. E, 302d Engineers. 
 
 WG November 1, 1918. 
 Gallup, Willis H.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Galluzzo, Salvator — Corp., 303d Engineers. 
 Gaines, Paul— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Galvin, Lamar J. — Capt., Ordnance Department. 
 Galvin, Roland E.— Corp., Battery D, 36th F. A. 
 Gamble, Roy— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. WG 
 
 October 29, 1918. 
 Gamble, William B.— Pvt., Co. B, 59th Pioneer Inf. 
 Gamier, Harry — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 61st Inf. WA. 
 Gammel, Frank F.— Pvt., Co. B, 305th M. G. B. 
 Gamo, Harold— Pvt., Battery C, 446th Field Artillery. 
 Ganger, Chas. Peter— Pvt., 312th Sanitary Train. 
 Gangieta, Jozef — Pvt., Co. C, 24th Regiment. 
 Gangloff, Edw. J.— Corp., Battery A, 7th. 
 Ganig, Edward — 54th Engineers. 
 Ganter, Otto — Medical Detachment, 303d Engineers. 
 Gantus, Milad— Pvt., 46th Co., 12th Battalion. 
 Ganzman, E. — Pvt. 
 
 Ganzmann, Andrew — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 312th 
 Ammunition Train. 
 
 Ganzmann, Fred — Pvt., 302d Sanitary Train. 
 
 Garaci, Frank— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Garbarino, Albert — Pvt., Base Hospital 127. 
 
 Garbatovicz, Peter — WA. 
 
 Garberino, Edward — Pvt., Entrance Camp. 
 
 Garberino, John — Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry. Prisoner. 
 
 Gardner, Charles Milton — Pvt., 8th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Gardner, Irwin— Pvt., Batt. D, 308th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. WA October 21, 1918. 
 
 Gardner, Lawrence H. — Major, Inspector General Dept 
 30th Division. 
 
 Gardner, Paul J. — Sapper, Co. B, 5th Battalion, Can. 
 WG November 1918. 
 
 Gardner, Ralston H. — Sgt., Medical Detachment, 312th 
 Ammunition Train. 
 
 Gardner, Ted F.— M. G. T., 14th Cavalry. 
 
 Gareifo, Antonio — Pvt., Co. E, 347th Engineers. 
 
 Garziela, Joseph— Pvt., Co. C, 24th. 
 
 Garham, J. Harold — Pvt., Ordnance Corps, 311th Inf. 
 
 Garlock, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. F, 312th Engineers. 
 
 Garnett, James— Pvt., 57th Battalion, B. E. F. WA 
 September 27, 1918. 
 
 Garrett, Neil Joseph— Pvt., Co. H, 59th Pioneer Inf. 
 
 Garrett, Taylor P.— Pvt., 69th Engineers. 
 
 Gargieta, Jozef — Pvt., Co. C, 24th Infantry. 
 
 Garno, George — Pvt., Co. A, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Gartner, A. A. — Lieut., Mach. Gun Co., B. Hospital 23. 
 
 Gascoyne, John — Pvt., 502d Engineers. WA. 
 
 Gaskin, William J. — Capt., 102d American Forces. 
 
 Gasper, Albert— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Gasser, Andrew — Cook, Cook School. 
 
 Gasser, Richard — Pvt., Co. B, 51st Regiment. 
 
 Gassman, Frederick J. — Co. K, 15th Reg. Aviation. 
 
 Gastel, Edwin F.— 6th Co., U. S. Coast Guard. 
 
 Gastel, John A.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Engineers. 
 
 Gastle, Henry H. — Wagoner, Co. A. 
 
 Gastomski, August — Pvt., Co. D, 303d Ammunition Tr. 
 
 Gaston, Clifford J.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Gates, Samuel D. — Pvt., 303d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Gaughan, Leo— Pvt., Co. H, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Gaughan, Martin J.— Unit J, 809th. 
 
 Gouchat, Leon J. — Candidate, Central Officers' Train- 
 ing School. 
 
 Gautchier, WilHam L.— Corp., Co. A, 326th Infantry. 
 
 Gaughan, Leo — Co. H, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Gaughan, Martin J. — Pvt. 
 
 Gaul, Osmond W\— Corp., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Gaulin, Frederick J.— Pvt., Co. I, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Gavin, Joseph S. — Corp., Research Div., Chemical 
 Warfare Service. 
 
 Gawel, Mikoloj— Pvt., Co. G, 31st Infantry. 
 
 Gawron, Teofil H. — Lieut., Troop M, 1st Cavalry. 
 
 Gawronski, Walter J. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 346th. 
 
 Gawryszewski, Felix — Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry. 
 WA November 5, 1918. 
 
 Gawryozewski, Leon A. — Pvt., Co. H, 59th Pioneer Inf. 
 
 Gawryszewski, Stephen G. — Pvt., Co. H, 311th In- 
 fantry. WG October 16, 1918. 
 
 Gays, W. A. — Lieut., Transport Corps. 
 
538 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Gaylord, Bradley J. — 1st Lieut., Aviation. 
 
 Awarded Distinguished Service Cross. 
 
 Gazdzik, Alex — Sgt., Co. D, Proving Grounds. 
 Gearhart, Paul Howard— Capt., Co. A, 316th. 
 Gearman, George — Pvt., Chemical Warfare Ser\ace. 
 Glasser, Emanuel C. — Corp., General Hospital 4. 
 Gebauer, Walter J.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th. 
 Gebhard, Jacob A. — Pvt., Co. H, Proving Grounds, 
 
 Aberdeen. 
 Gebhardt, August F. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Gebhardt, Hebry— Pvt., 2d Co., 71st. 
 Gebhart, Eugene— Pvt. WA. 
 Geblein, Benjamin H. — Pvt., Battery A, 7th F. A. 
 Geblein, Harry H.— Pvt., Co. H, 116th Engineers. WA 
 
 October 17, 1918. 
 Gefford, Henry D. — Pvt., Base Hospital, Camp Dix. 
 Gegenfurtner, Anthony — Quartermaster Corps 336th. 
 Gehring, LeRoy H.— Pvt., Battery B, 335th F. A. 
 Gehring, William C— Sgt., 8th C. M. Cots 
 Geier, George F.— Pvt., 20th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Geiger, Harry W.— Pvt., Co. A, 107th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. WA October 1, 1918. 
 Geiger, LawTence — Mechanic, Battery E, 14th First 
 
 Army Replacement Depot. 
 Geiger, Lawrence F. 
 Geitner, Raymond J. — Sgt., Co. C, 1st Gas Regiment. 
 
 WA April, 1918. 
 Geizelhart, Chas. A.— Sgt., 306th Infantry. 
 Geitner, Walter B.— Co. 31, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Genke, Fred O.— Pvt., Co. A, 303d Ammunition Train. 
 Gennars, Abagnale — Pvt., Co. H, 53d Infantry. 
 Gennuso, George— Pvt., Batt. E, 59th R. A., Coast 
 
 Artillery Corps. 
 Gensbittel, Jos. J. — Sgt., Ordnance Armament Co. 
 Gentile, Gerlondo— Pvt., Co. B, 327th Infantry. WA. 
 Gentile, Joseph E.— Co. D, 311th Infantry. 
 Gentile, Michael — Corp. WA. 
 Gentile, Michael— Pvt., Co. F, 309th Infantry. 
 Gentille, Joseph E.— Pvt., Co. F, 309th Infantry. 
 Centner, Arthur L. — Pvt., 2d Co., Coast Artillery Corps 
 Genung, Jay — Pvt., Co. A, 39th Engineers. 
 George, Christ— Co. B, 307th Infantry. 
 George, Edward — Pvt., 475th Aero Squadron. 
 George, Joseph P. — Signal Corps. 
 George, Michael V. — Corp., Co. A, Replacement Regt. 
 George, Michael — Corp., 154th Depot Brigade. 
 George, McAlfrey C. — Pvt. 
 George, Nicholas P.— Bugler, Co. G, 307th Infantry. 
 
 WA September 27, 1918. 
 George, Pasquale — Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry. 
 Georgen, Aloysius E. — Corp., 78th Division, Head- 
 quarters Troop. 
 Geraci, James S. — Pvt., Military Police. 
 Gerankowski, Thaddeus — Pvt. WA. 
 Gerardi, Peter— Co. C, 48th Infantry. 
 Gerber, Adolph C— Pvt., Co. A, 162d Infantry. 
 Gerber, Edward A. — Pvt., 102d Ammunition Train. 
 Gerber, Elmer H.— Pvt., Battery E, 334th F. A. 
 Gerber, Geo. M.— Pvt., Co. B, 312th Ammunition Train. 
 Gerhardt, Charles J.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th. 
 Gerinske, John — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Gerivel, Casmier— Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Gerlach, George — Cook, Squadron G. 
 
 Gerlach, Harold— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Gerlach, Sig W.— Co. G, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Gerlach, Sigmund — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Germain, Chester S.— Pvt., Co. D, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Gernold, Carl J.— Pvt., Co. H, 305th Infantry. 
 
 Gernold, Adam J.— Corp.,. Co. A, 303d Supply Train. 
 
 Gerstman, Edwin J. — Co. J, 22d Regiment. 
 
 Gerstman, Irving — Pvt., Co. K, Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Gertner, Raymond J. — Sgt., Co. C, 1st Gas Regiment. 
 WA April 1918. 
 
 Gervas, Jos. — Pvt., 16th Co., Camp Dix. 
 
 Gervasi, Wm.— Pvt., Supply Co., 348th Infantry. 
 
 Gerwel, Casmier— Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Gesegnet, Alois C. F.— Pvt., Battery E, 334th F. A. 
 
 Gesel, Jerome G.— Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Gesl, Charles — Pvt., Ordnance Department. 
 
 Gesl, Edw. U.— Corp., Co. H, 78th Division. WA. 
 
 Gessner, Chas. Gustave — Lieut., Student, 7th Quarter- 
 master R. C. 
 
 Gessner, Henry P.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Getter, William— Sgt., Co. E, 403d Field Signal Bat. 
 
 Getting, Joseph R.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Getz, Monte— Sgt., 318th Infantry. 
 
 Cited. 
 
 Geveon, Augustino — Pvt. 
 
 Geyer, Chester M.— Pvt., Ordnance, 2d 0. R. S. D. 
 
 Geyer, Walter P.— Sgt., Co. E, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Gianfranceschi, Guido — Lieut., Medical Corps. 
 
 Gianfrancesschi, Jos. S. — Lieut. 
 
 Gianelli, Nicholas T. — Sanitary Detachment. 
 
 Giangreco, Joseph — Pvt., 307th Infantry. WA Sep- 
 tember 6, 1918. 
 
 Giantiorio, Vincenzo. 
 
 Gibbons, Edward H.— Pvt., Hospital Corps, 102d En- 
 gineers. WA October 1918. 
 
 Gibbons, Walter E.— Sgt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Gibbons, Wm. J.— Corp., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Gibbs, Leland N. — Pvt., Co. D, Army Service Corps. 
 
 Gibson, Geo. J.— Pvt., Co. E, 102d Engineers. WG 
 October 1918. 
 
 Gibson, Thompson M. — Corp., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Gibson, Walter F. — Major, 55th Pioneer Inf. Killed in 
 auto accident on Williamsville Road, Dec. 20, 1919. 
 
 Gieday, Agnes M. — U. S. Embarkation Hospital 4. 
 
 Giertz, Edward N.— Pvt., Co. B, 58th Ammunition Tr. 
 
 Giess, Walter F. — 461st Aero Squadron. 
 
 Giesler, William A.— Sgt., 17th Co., 152d Depot Bri- 
 gade, Engineers. 
 
 Giesr, Walter M.— Pvt., 308th Remount Depot. 
 
 Gifford, Clarence— Wagoner, M. G. Co., 307th Infantry. 
 
 GifTord, Henry D.— Pvt., Camp Dix. 
 
 Gigante, Herman J.— Pvt., Co. E, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Giganti, Frank C— Pvt., Co. D, 30th Infantry. WA 
 July 15, 1918. 
 
 Gilbert, Chas. H.— Pvt., U. S. Guards. 
 
 Gilbert, Lester — Capt., Aviation. 
 
 Gile, Roscoe M.— Sgt., Co. C, 308th Machine Gun Bat. 
 
 Gill, Alexander C— Pvt., Co. A, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Gill, Charles J.— Pvt., 19th Battalion, O. A. B. D. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 539 
 
 Gill, Frank— Pvt., Co. H, 7th Inf. WA July 25, 1918. 
 Gill, William — Corp., Medical Department. 
 Gillans, Louis C— Corp., 12th Battalion, 47th. 
 Gillen, James E.— Sgt., 378th Co., A. M. T. 
 Gillespie, Edward Merton— Corp., Battery E, 80th F. A. 
 Gilhooly, Hugh J.— Pvt., 3d Brigade, 7th Regiment. 
 Gillies, Duncan— Corp., Co. E, 309th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 26, 1918. 
 Gillig, Alexander L. — Capt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Gillogly, Julius Joseph — Pvt., Co. C, 18th Infantry. 
 
 WA July 19, 1918. 
 Gillies, Duncan— Corp., Co. E, 309th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 26, 1918. 
 Gillitzer, Fred— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 Gillmeister, Ernest W.— Pvt., Co. 12th, 157th Depot 
 
 Brigade. 
 Gillmeister, O. W.— Pvt., Co. B, 18th Infantry. WA 
 
 July 18, 1918. 
 Gilmore, Harry V.— Sgt. WA. 
 Gimlin, Howard F. — Corp., Motor Supply Co., 480th 
 
 Motor Transport Corps. 
 Ginszka, Jeon — Sgt., Co. E, 4th Engineers. 
 Giorrino, Nicholas A. — Pvt., 16th Co., 4th Battalion, 
 
 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Girst, Wm.— Sgt., Co. A, 309th Infantry. 
 Girvin, Willard S. — Lieut., Aviation. 
 Girzowski, Leo S. 
 
 Gittere, John E. — Pvt., 5th Ordnance Co., Repair Shop. 
 Gittere, Wm. J. — Corp., 77th Division. 
 Girianni, Jas. A. A. — Corp., Supply Co. 
 Gizzi, Alfonso — Base Hospital 83. 
 Glacer, Edwin F.— Corp., 27th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Glachowski, John— Cook. WA September 8, 1918. 
 Gladysz, Stefan— Pvt., Co. H, 327th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 9, 1918. 
 Glaeser, Arthur F. — Lieut., Medical Corps. 
 Glaeser, Peter W.~Pvt., Battery D, 30th Coast Artil- 
 lery Corps. 
 Glaeser, Walter G.— Pvt. 
 
 Glair, William F.— Pvt., Battery B, 336th F. A. 
 Glanowski, Alois — Sgt. 
 
 Glaser, Albert— Pvt., Co. C, 345th Infantry. 
 Glass, Charles E.— Pvt., Co. M, 37th Division. WA. 
 Glass, Frank— Pvt., 306th Infantry. Prisoner at 
 
 Rastatt October 26, 1918. 
 Glass, James E. — Pvt., Students ' Army Training Corps. 
 Glasser, Emanuel C. — Corp., Fort Porter. 
 Glassman, Howard H. — Rifle Range, Glen Bevinie, Md. 
 Glastetter, Wm. G.— Sgt., Co. E, 309th Infantry. WG 
 
 October, 1918. 
 Glauber, George J.— Sgt., Co. A, 318th Field Signal 
 
 Battalion. Trench fever October 3, 1918. 
 Glauber, Leo L. — Pvt., 23d Co., Automatic Replace- 
 ment Depot. 
 Glauber, Victor S. — Wagoner, Co. A, 3d Am. Train. 
 Glavy, Hubert J.— Corp., Co. C, 18th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 9, 1918. 
 Glauzewski, George C— Pvt., Co. H, 325th Infantry. 
 Gleason, Geor— Pvt., Co. E, 303d Engineers. 
 Gleason, William J. — Corp., Headq'rs Co., Stevedores. 
 Glerum, Inga C. — Laboratory Technician. 
 
 Glienke, Benjamin H.— Pvt., Supply Co, 306th Inf. W 
 
 September 1918, Vesle. 
 Glinski, Casimer — Pvt., Canadian Army. 
 Glinski, Walter— Sgt., Supply Train. 
 Gliszczynski, Gus S.— Pvt., 50th Co., 20th Engineers. 
 Gliszczynski, Wm. W. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 311th 
 
 Infantry. WA October 29, 1918. 
 Glogau, Arthur W.— Pvt., 657th Co., M. T. C. 
 Glogau, Fred W. — Pvt., Provost Guard. 
 Glover, Lonnie— Pvt., Co. B. WA October 29, 1918. 
 Glorizewski, Geo. C. — Pvt., 325th Infantry. 
 Gloss, Frank — Pvt. Prisoner. Germany. 
 Glover, Frank— Corp., Machine Gun Co., 309th Inf. 
 
 WA September 22, 1918. St. Mihiel. 
 Glowzewiski, Geo. C— Pvt., Co. H, 325th Infantry. 
 Glunz, Edw. W. 
 
 Glunz, John J.— Pvt., Co. B, 344th Machine Gun Bat. 
 Gluntz, Albert L.— Corp., Co. D, 311th Infantry. WA 
 
 November 8, 1918. 
 Glynn, Edwin R.— Pvt., 12th Trench Mortar Battery. 
 Glynn, George J.— Pvt., Co. I, 307th Infantry. 
 Glynn, John T.— Base Hospital 23. 
 Gminski, Stanley J. — Pvt., 51st Pioneers. 
 Gnebinski, John V. — 346th Infantry. 
 Gnebinski, Leon — 12th Battalion, 46th Depot Brigade. 
 Gnann, John — Pvt., Co. H, 7th Infantry. 
 Gnozzo, Joseph P. — Pvt., 71st Engineers. 
 Godzick, Frank C— Co. A, 87th Regiment, 346th Inf. 
 Goddard, Charles H. — Pvt., Medical Department. 
 Goebel, William D.— Pvt., 35th Regiment. 
 Goehle, Edgar— Pvt., 15th Aero. 
 Goehle, Edward P. — Sgt., Medical Co., 59th American 
 
 Coast Artillery Corps. 
 Goehle, Elias— Pvt., 4th A. R. D. 
 Goehle, J. R. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 7th Infantry. 
 Goehle, Oscar — Pvt., Mechanics Institute. 
 Goehring, Herbert P.— Corp., Co. H, 60th Infantry. 
 Goergen, Al E. — Corp., Headquarters Co., 311th Inf. 
 Goergen, Jos. G. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 345th Inf. 
 Goerner, Edgar G.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Goerner, Hy E.— Sgt., 301st Unit, Ship Repair. 
 Goerner, William C. — Sgt., Co. D, Aero Squadron. 
 Goettleman, Cbas. J.— Pvt., 8th Co., 20th Engineers. 
 Goetz, Carl H. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Goetz, Edwin J.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 Goetz, Frank A.— Chauffeur, Co. B, 302d Field Signal. 
 Goetz, Hugh S.— Pvt., 7th Co., 157th Depot Brigade. 
 Goetz, John 0.— Lieut., Co. G, 47th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 22, 1918. 
 Goetz, Joseph J. — Pvt., Batt. A, Uth First Army Re- 
 placement Depot. 
 Goetz, Robt. W.— Pvt. 
 Goetzman, Arthur— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Goetzmann, Harvey E. — Coro., 8th Co., 153d Depot 
 
 Brigade. 
 Goggin, Clarence P.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 307th Inf. 
 Gold, James— Pvt., Co. D, 3d Army. 
 Goldberg, Harry — Pvt. .Battery E, 457th Field Artillery. 
 Goldberg, J. Chester— 108th Field Hospital. 
 Goldbach, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Infantry. WG 
 
 June 24, 1918. 
 
540 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Goldbach, Henry A.— Mechanic, Co. F, 328th Infantry. 
 
 Goldchorpe, Reginald A. — Pvt., 10th Engineers. WA 
 December 20, 1918. 
 
 Golden, Elgin M.— Co. D, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Golden, John J. — Pvt., 52d Brigade Headquarters. 
 WG November 2, 1918. 
 
 Golding, George J.— Corp., Co. D, 303d Motor Supply 
 Train. 
 
 Goldman, David Q. — Lieut., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Goldmann, Luke G.— Corp., 2d N. G. R. D. T. G. 
 
 Goldring, Meyer — Pvt., Co. A, 316th Engineers. 
 
 Goldsborough, Francis — Capt., Medical Corps. 
 
 Goldsmith, Abram M. — Corp., Co. 44, 20th Engineers. 
 
 Golembrewski, Anthony J. — Pvt., Co. C, 312th Supply 
 Train. 
 
 Goll, Elmer W.— Pvt., 4th Co., Coast Artillery. 
 
 Gollwitzer, William M. — Pvt. 
 
 Golembek, Camir F. — 2d Co., 1st Replacement Reg. 
 Engineers. 
 
 Golembek, Joe— Pvt., Co. B, 307th Infantry. WA 
 September, 1918. 
 
 Golota, Albert K.— Pvt., Co. B, 335th Field Artillery. 
 
 Gomolski, Stanislaus — Pvt., Co. D, 155th Depot Brig. 
 
 Gonsiorek, Anthony — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Gonzynski, Charles S.— Pvt., 12th Co., 153d Depot 
 Brigade. 
 
 Gooch, Melbourne A. — Sgt., Headquarters Co., 155th 
 Infantry. WA July 1st, 1918. 
 
 Goodale, Walter — Major, Medical Corps, Camp Devens. 
 
 Goodbrand, John Lyle — Musician, Pioneer Band, 55th 
 Infantry. 
 
 Goodman, Abraham L. — Pvt., Co. G, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Goodman, Joseph F. — Pvt., Co. A, 147th Infantry. 
 
 Goodman, W. J. — Pvt., Sanitary Train, Field Hospi- 
 tal 40. 
 
 Goodwin, Frank Wm.— Batt. C, 14th. 
 
 Goodwin, F. Nicholson — Pvt., Co. D, 55th Infantry. 
 
 Goodwin, William M. — Pvt., 22d Aero Squadron. 
 
 Goodyear, Anson C. — Colonel, 81st Field Artillery. 
 
 Goodyear, Chas. W. — Capt., Red Cross. 
 
 Gorbach, Herbert J.— Pvt., Battery F, 344th F. A. 
 
 Gorczenski, Frank — Corp., Co. K, 127th Infantry. 
 
 Gordon, Edw. F.— Co. H, 21st Engineers. 
 
 Gordon, Edward G. — Wagoner, Co. A, Engineers. 
 
 Gordon, John F.— Pvt., Co. B, 345th. 
 
 Gorenflo, Henry F. — Sgt., 42d Balloon, Air Service. 
 
 Gorman, Walter— Pvt., 48th Battalion, U. S. Guards. 
 
 Gorman, Joseph — Pvt., Headquarters Troop, 77th Div. 
 
 Gorniak, John. 
 
 Gorny, S. — Pvt., Medical Department. 
 
 Gorny, Walter L.— Pvt., Co. D, 13th. 
 
 Gorski, Michael— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Gorton, Henry R. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 102d In- 
 fantry. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Gorton, Howard B. — Pvt., 13th Regiment, February 
 Automatic Replacement Draft. 
 
 Gorton, Ransom— Pvt. WA October 1, 1918. France. 
 
 Gortzig, Adolph G.— Cook, Co. F, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Gosdek, William G.— Pvt. 
 
 Gospodarski, Alexander — Pvt., 16th Co. WA Septem- 
 ber 3, 1918. 
 
 Goss, Urban G.— Sgt., Battalion F, 13th Regiment. 
 
 Gotthelf, Wm.— Pvt., Co. A, 106th Supply Train. 
 
 Gottstine, Fred— Pvt., Co. I, 52d Pioneers. 
 
 Gottstine, Matthias — Pvt., Sanitary Squadron, 78th Div. 
 
 Gould, Joseph L.— Pvt., 367th Co., Motor Trans. WA. 
 
 Gould, Richard Jay — Cook, Co. K, 147th Engineers. 
 
 Gowans, Henry D.— Pvt., Co. C, 326th Field Signal 
 Battalion. 
 
 Gowgel, Joseph — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Grabau, Andrew W.— Sgt., Battery F, 7th Field A.R.D. 
 
 Grabau, John V. — Capt., Medical Detachment, 106th 
 Field Artillery. WA. 
 
 Grabczynski, Mateusz. 
 
 Grabik, Wladyslaw— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Grabowski, Cyril M. — Pvt. 
 
 Grabowski, John — 334th Artillery. 
 
 Grabowski, Walter— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Grabys, Edward A. — Co. L, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Grace, Vernon F.— Pvt., 308th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 
 Grade, Robert L.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Graczyk, Edward — Pvt., Co. I, B^talion, U. S. Guards. 
 
 Graczyk, John— Pvt., Co. B, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Graczyk, Stephen A.— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Grad, John J.— Corp., Battery A, 2d Field Artillery. 
 
 Graesser, Arthur M.— Pvt., Battery E, 355th F. A. 
 
 Graf, Carl C— Pvt., Battalion D, 30th Regiment. 
 
 Graf, Harold J. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Graff, August— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Graff, Chester— Pvt., Co. B, 53d Reg., Transport Corps. 
 
 Graff, Fred H.— Pvt., 335th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 
 Graham, Almon Joseph — Sgt., 4th Co., 2d Regiment, 
 Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Graham, Arthur G.— Pvt., Co. B, 5th Field Signal Bat. 
 
 Graham, Charles A.— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Graham, Edwin— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. WA 
 October 17, 1918. 
 
 Graham, Michael— Sgt., 327th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Graham, Thomas J. — Pvt., Tank Corps. 
 
 Graham, Walter B.— Wagoner, Co. B, 307th Am. Train. 
 
 Gram, Charles W.— Co. G, 112th Inf. Prisoner, Germany. 
 
 Grammel, Fred — Sgt., Headquarters Co., Central Offi- 
 cers Training School. 
 
 Grandillo, Anthony F.— Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Grandilla, Michael— Pvt., 17th Co., 152d Depot Brig. 
 
 Granfer, Christopher N.— Major, 20th Engineers. 
 
 Grant, Carl C— 29th Dixie Brigade Infantry. 
 
 Grant, Emil— Co. B, 20th Engineers. 
 
 Grant, Louis— Cook, Co. F, 309th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Grant, Robert J.— Pvt., Battalion 17th, 67th, 153d De- 
 pot Brigade. 
 
 Grant, Robert J.— Pvt., Co. D, 102d Engineers. 
 
 Grant, Robert W. — Pvt., 55th American Coast Artillery 
 Corps. 
 
 Grasela, Stanley— Pvt., Co. D, 147th Infantry. 
 
 Graser, Harold L. — Corp., Walter Reed Hospital. 
 
 Grasso, Anthony— Pvt., 496th Co., Aviation Signal 
 Corps. 
 
 Graves, Chester W.^Pvt., 13th Co., Officers' Training 
 School, Motor Transport Corps, 1st Road Regiment. 
 
 Graves, Leon E. — Sgt., Air Service. 
 
 Graves, Luther P.— Lieut., 47th Field Artillery. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 541 
 
 Graves, Nelson W. — Lieut., 13th Balloon. 
 
 Graves, Eugene— Sgt., Co. B, 10th Machine Gun Bat. 
 
 Graveson, Harold H.— Sgt., Co. A, Adj. Genl. Div. 
 Prov. Co. 
 
 Gravi, Robert L. — Pvt., Co. B, Machine Gun Battalion. 
 WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Grawunder, Harold W. — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Gray, Arthur T. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 155th In- 
 fantry. WA October 3, 1918. 
 
 Gray, Leonard G. — Mechanic, Co. G, 329th Infantry. 
 
 Grazione, Salvatore — Pvt., 348th Infantry. 
 
 Greco, Anthony J. A. — Motor Transport 333d. 
 
 Green, Benjamin F.— Co. E., 348th. 
 
 Green, Dennis — Cook, 36th Field Artillery. 
 
 Green, Clarence E. — Headquarters Troop, 77th Div. 
 
 Green, George P. — Pvt., Headquarters, 18th F. A. 
 
 Green, John — Quartermaster Corps, Motor Instructor, 
 Utilities Depot. 
 
 Green, Joseph J. — Pvt., Co. C, 59th Infantry. 
 
 Green, Leo— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Green, Louis— Co. E, 348th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Green, Manley I. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Green, Ernest— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Green, Frederick S. — Sgt., Australian Infantry. WA 
 April, 1917. 
 
 Green, George P. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 18th F. A. 
 
 Green, George S.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. D, 340th Infantry. 
 
 Green, Stephen S.— Sgt., Co. C, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Greenbery, Harold A.— Sgt., 26th Co., Central Officers' 
 Training School. 
 
 Greene, Arthur L. — Pvt., Base Hospital 9. 
 
 Greene, John H.— Pvt., Co. C, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Greene, Norman J. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 307th Inf. 
 
 Greenough, Wallace— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Greenstein, Harold — Pvt. .Headquarters Co., 606th Eng. 
 
 Greentaner, John J. — Pvt., Supply Co., 346th Infantry. 
 
 Greer, James A.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. WA 
 August 25, 1918. 
 
 Greeshkowich, Georgry — Pvt., 8th Infantry. 
 
 Gregg, Allen V. — Pvt., Ordnance Corps. 
 
 Gregory, Dwight V. — Chemist, John Hopkins Research 
 Laboratory. 
 
 Grein, Walter H. — Lieut., Detached Service. 
 
 Greiner, Fred W.— Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Greiner, Victor H.— Pvt., 325th C. & B. 
 
 Gretzinger, Edgar J.— Pvt., Co. W, 13th. 
 
 Gridley, George A. — Pvt., 7th Infantry. 
 
 Grieco, Joseph— Pvt., 308th. 
 
 Griechen, William — Wagoner, 16th Field Artillery. 
 
 Griel, Albert J.— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Griesbaum, Andres — Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Griese, Charles— Pvt., Co. E, 377th Infantry. 
 
 Grieshaber, Ernst G.— Pvt., Headq'rs. Co., 303d Eng. 
 
 Grieshaber, Lee L. — Pvt., Co. E, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Griffin, Charles C. — Lieut., Air Service. 
 
 Griffin, Edgar- Pvt., 49th Co., 13th Battalion. 
 
 Griffin, Frank A.— Section Chief, 32d Co., 16th. 
 
 Griffin, J. E.— Pvt., Co. D, 305th Machine Gun Bat- 
 talion. WA August 15, 1918. 
 
 Griffiths, Albert Wm.— Pvt., 308th Motor. 
 
 Griffin, Howard C. —Pvt., Troop G, 16th Cavalry. 
 
 Griffin, James J. — Corp., Co. F, 303d Ammunition Tr. 
 
 Griffin, Lawrence — Pvt., 302d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Griffin, Thomas W.— Pvt., Co. F, 318th Engineers. 
 
 Griffin, William J.— Pvt., Medical Mobile Hospital 2. 
 
 Grimes, Earl M.— Co. E, 26th Inf. WA Sept. 22, 1918. 
 
 Grimes, James — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Grimm, Charles W.— Pvt., 604th Motor Trans. Corps. 
 
 Grimm, Edw. — Corp., 419th Motor Transport. 
 
 Grimm, Edward V. — Pvt. 
 
 Grimm, Elmer — Cook, Co. A, 162d Infantry. 
 
 Grimm, John E. — Pvt., 33d Engineers. 
 
 Grimm, John F. — Pvt., 7th Unit, Veterinary Hospital. 
 
 Grimm, Otto H.— Pvt.,305th Unit, Motor Trans. Corps. 
 
 Grimm, John G.— Sgt., 327th Supply. 
 
 Grinage, Clifford— Sgt., 369th Inf. WG. August, 1918. 
 
 Grisanti, Salvatore — Pvt., Co. D. 
 
 Gristmaker, Albert— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Supply Train. 
 
 Gristmaker, Edward — Pvt., Co. A, Sales Commissary. 
 
 Griswold, Harry J.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Griswold, Rowland H. — Sgt. Maj., Co. I, 55th Pioneers. 
 
 Groad, Harry — Corp. WA. 
 
 Grobe, Fred.— Pvt., Co. K, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Groblewski, Bronislaw— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Quarter- 
 master Corps. 
 
 Grochockowiak, Wallace J.- Pvt., 10th Co. 
 
 Grodzinsky, Joseph — Sgt. Maj., Candidates Air School. 
 
 Groff, Jos. F. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps Reclaim 
 Detachment. 
 
 Groff, John E.— Sgt., Co. S, 21st Engineers. 
 
 Gromfine, John J. — Lieut., 3d Engineers. 
 
 Gronkowski, Anthony — Pvt., Battalion Signal Corps 
 Co., A. G. D. School. 
 
 Gronowski, Walter F. — Corp., Co. F, 51st Pioneers. 
 
 Groshans, Chester J.— Pvt., Battalion P, 377th. 
 
 Grosjean, Jean — Sgt., Co. F, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Gross, Angelo — Corp., Co. C, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Gross, Fred — Pvt., 46th Infantry. 
 
 Gross, Morris— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. WA 
 September 26, 1918. 
 
 Gross, William F.— 323d Co., F. G. Military Police. 
 
 Grotke, Robert F. — Lieut., Headquarters Co., 39th Inf. 
 
 Grotz, Adam W.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Grotz, Frederick F. — Pvt., 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Grotz, John G. — Lieut., Camp Greenleaf, Field Hosp. 
 
 Grozzo, Berardino — Pvt., Q. N. C, 301st Infantry. 
 
 Groldricki, John — Pvt., 35th Regiment, Field Artillery. 
 
 Gruber, Chas.— Pvt., Co. B, 10th Battalion. 
 
 Gruber, John J., Jr.— Pvt., 6th Bat., 1st Prov. Reg't. 
 
 Gruchola, Leo— Pvt., Battery F, 323d Field Artillery. 
 
 Grucza, Egie— Battery F, 60th Field Artillery. 
 
 Grucza, John — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Grunder, Charles — Cook. WA. 
 
 Gruntz, Albert L.— Co. D, 311th Infantry. WA Sep- 
 tember 26, 1918. 
 
 Grupp, George W. — American Red Cross. 
 
 Gruss, Alfred W.— Corp., Co. A, 304th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. WA November 4, 1918. 
 
 Gruszka, John — Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Gruszka, Leon — Sgt., Co. E, 4th Engineers. 
 
 Gryczkowski, Paul B.— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Cited for valor. 
 
542 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Grczkowski, Walter — Co. E, 302d Engineers. 
 Grzeckowiak, Joseph M. — Pvt., Co. C, 12th Am. Train. 
 Grzechowiak, Steve. 
 Grzechulski, John— Pvt., Battery E, 309th Field Art- 
 
 tillery. WA 14, 1918. 
 Grzedzielski, J. — 2d Co. 
 
 Grzeskousak. Adam J.— Pvt., 2d Co., 2d Bat. Gas Def. 
 Grzeskowiak, Frank B.— Pvt., Co. M, 317th Infantry. 
 
 WA September 16, 1918. 
 Grzybowski, Powel — Pvt. WA. 
 Guarino, Frank— Pvt., Co. H, 346th Infantry. 
 Guarino, Henry — Pvt., 71st Coast Artillery Corps. 
 Guarino, Joseph J. — Pvt., 48th Coast Artillery Corps. 
 Guarino, Louis A. — Pvt., Mobile Hospital Unit 100. 
 Guarino, Louis C— Mech., Battery E, 36th F. A. 
 Guarino, Samuel A. — Pvt., Supply Co., 311th Infantry. 
 Guastaferro, Joseph— Pvt., Co. I, 347th. 
 Guenther, Charles— Pvt., 41st Co., 11th Battalion. 
 Guerdat, Earl V.— Sgt., Headquarters Co., 309th Inf. 
 Guerin, Charles— Pvt., 56th Tank Corps. 
 Guerin, Roland L.— Pvt., 2d Co., 14th Division. 
 Guest, Joseph W.— Pvt., Battery F, 1st Field Artillery. 
 Gueth, Alphonse A.— Pvt., Co. C, 37th Engineers. 
 Gueth, Edw. P.— Lieut., 28th Field Artillery. 
 Gugino, Frank— Co. B, 78th. 
 Guginouo, Frank — Lieut., 17th Co., Unattached. 
 Gugluizzo,— Pvt., Co. F, 347th. 
 
 Guhring, Julius Joseph — Pvt. ,5th Co., 152d Depot Brig. 
 Guiazdowski, Joseph — Corp., Headquarters Co., 326th. 
 Guidi, Domenico — Supply Co., 307th Infantry. 
 Guild, Russell, Jas.— Lieut., Co. G, 312th Infantry. 
 Guild, Warren R. — Sgt., Headquarters Unit. 
 Guillaume, Frederick— Pvt., Supply Co., M. T. C. 
 Gillaume, H. G.— Corp., Co. C, 302d Field Signal Bat- 
 talion. WA August 29, 1918. 
 Gillaume, Roland P.— Pvt., 514th M. T. C. 
 Guitner, Raymond I. — Sgt., Co. C, 1st Gas Regiment. 
 
 WA September 1918. 
 Gulczewski, Albert— Co. C, 347th Infantry. 
 Gulick, John M. — Driver, Motor Transport Corps. 
 Gulick, Theodore — Dispatch Carrier, Tank Corps. 
 Gulnik, Joseph— Pvt., 332d Co., Infantry. 
 Guminski, Wm. F. — Pvt., Medical Detachment, Base 
 
 Hospital. 
 Gunn, Lewis J. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Gunnison, Howard — Corp., Co. B, 303d Military Police. 
 Gurazdowski, Joseph — Corp., Headquarters Co., 326th 
 
 Infantry. G in France. 
 Gurney, Albert R.— Lieut., 305th Field Artillery. 
 Gurney, Charles L. — Lieut., Field Artillery, Central 
 
 Officers' Training School. 
 Gusmann, Bernard H. — Pvt., Camp Jackson. 
 Gustte, Philip— Co. G, 74th. 
 
 Guthrie, Francis B. — Corp., Co. E, 16th Engineers. 
 Guthrie, Horace B.— Pvt., Co. C, S. A. T. C. 
 Gutowski,Stanley J. — 2d First Army Replacement Dr'f t. 
 Guyette, Harold S.— Sgt., Co. D, 322d Field Artillery. 
 
 WG October 22, 1918. 
 Guzzetta, Geo. C— Pvt., Co. I, 343d Infantry. 
 Gwiazdowski, Joseph — Pvt. WA. 
 Gurvin, Chas.— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Gurvin, Leo. — Pvt., Co. B, 307th Infantry. 
 Guinner, Joseph M. — Lieut., Co. C, 16th Battalion. 
 Guminski, William F. — Pvt., Medical Detachment, 
 
 Base Hospital. 
 Gwszka, John— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 Gygli, William F.— Pvt., 301st Repair Shop Unit. 
 Gzechulski, Joyn— Pvt., Co. E, 309th Field Artillery. 
 
 WA October 14, 1918. 
 Haab, Arthur J. — Pvt., 14th Squadron, 1st Regiment. 
 Haag, Benjamin — Co. F, 309th Infantry, Supply Co. 
 Haak, Albert E.— 2d Lieut., Co. M, 327th Infantry. 
 Haak, Leo F. — Transport Corps, 55th Engineers. 
 Haas, Albert K.— Corp., 309th Infantry. 
 Haas, Clarence J. — Pvt., Co. D, 138th Engineers. 
 Haas, Edward — Musician, Band, Machine Gun. 
 Haas, Edward J.— Corp., 20th Co., 2d Signal Corps. 
 Haas, George H. — Pvt., 2d Quartermaster Corps, Det. 
 Haas, Joseph— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry. 
 Haas, William L. — Corp., 496th Aero Squadron. 
 Haase, Arthur A. — Co. C, 33d Engineers. 
 Haase, Gustav. H.— Pvt., Co. E, 147th Infantry. 
 Haber, Carl D.— Pvt., Co. B, 329th Infantry. 
 Haber, Victor— Pvt., Co. C, 312th Engineers. 
 Haberer, Lawrence M. — 2d Lieut., 326th Infantry, 
 
 Headquarters. 
 Haberer, Sylvester W. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., Class- 
 ification Camp. 
 Haberl, Andrew A. S.— Co. H, 326th Infantry. 
 Haberstro, Edwin K. — Corp., Co. F, 135th Infantry. 
 Habicht, Edw.— Pvt., Co. C, 1st Infantry. 
 Habicht, Edward H.— Corp., Co. F, 312th Motor 
 
 Supply Train. 
 Habicht, William B.— Sgt., Co. K, 7th Engineers, 
 
 Training Regiment. 
 Hack, John L.— Pvt., 345th. 
 
 Hackemer, Edw. J.— Corp., Co. B, 334th Battalion. 
 Hacker, Clarence H.— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry. 
 Hacker, Edwin C— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry. 
 Hacker, Edw. — Wagoner, Supply Co., 309th Infantry. 
 Hacker, Henry C. — Pvt., Infantry. Prisoner. 
 Hackett, Albert G.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Hadaway, Thomas E.— Corp., Co. B, 346th Infantry. 
 Haecker, Jules H. — 2d Lieut., Coast Artillery Corps. 
 Haefner, Albert— Pvt., 148th Infantry. WA. 
 Haefner, Arthur B.— Pvt., Co. H, 11th Regiment. 
 Haefner, Frank G.— Pvt., Co. A, 305th Infantry. W 
 
 October 4, 1918. 
 Haefner, George J.— Pvt., Co. L,346th Infantry,87th Div. 
 Haehn, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. C, 334th Machine Gun Bat. 
 Haen, John J.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 Haehn, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. B, 334th Machine Gun Rat. 
 Haertel, Theodore G.— Sgt., Co. E, Motor Transport. 
 Haese, Fred. — Cook, Quartermaster Depot. 
 Haese, William 0.— Pvt., Bat. D, 334th Infantry. 
 Haensel, William. 
 Haffa, Earl W.— Sgt. WA. 
 
 Hagelberger, G. E. — Pvt., 10th Ammunition Train. 
 Hagen, Harold L.— Candidate, 17th Obs. Batt., Field 
 
 Artillery, Central Officers' Training School. 
 Hagen, Henry C— Pvt., Co. C, 336th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 543 
 
 Hagen, Paul — Sgt., Medical Department. 
 Hageman, Godfrey A. — Pvt., Coast Artillery Corps. 
 Hager, John G. — Ordnance Department, 0. R. D., 
 
 Chief Officer. 
 Hager, Herold E.— Battery E, 306th F. A., 77th Div. 
 Hagerty, Leo J. — 2d Lieut., Co. A, 48th Infantry. 
 Hagner, Joseph — Pvt., Co. D, 347th Infantry. 
 Hahn, Edward F.— 1st Sgt., Co. K, 55th Pioneers. 
 Hahn, Edwin L. — Sgt., Utilities Detachment. 
 Hahn, Albert J. — Corp., Medical Department. 
 Hahn, Charles — Wagoner. WA. 
 Hahn, Frank R.— 6th Battalion, 24th Military Police. 
 Hahn, Walter F.— Corp., 7th Co., 153d Depot Brigade, 
 
 2d Battalion. 
 Hahn, William F. — 1st Battalion, 1st Ordnance. Casual. 
 Haid, John H.— 311th Infantry. 
 Hailand, William H.— Pvt., 489th Aero Squadron. 
 Hainer, Charles F. — Pvt., 303d Ordnance Detachment, 
 
 3d Ammunition Train. 
 Hair, John Glenn— Sgt., 215th Field Signal Battalion. 
 Halbig, Alfred J.— Co. E, 306th Infantry. Gassed. 
 Halblaub, Herbert W.— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers. 
 Halbleib, Frank, Jr.— Pvt., Co. G, 345th Infantry. 
 Halburd, Leo — Wagoner, Supply Co., 345th Infantry, 
 
 87th Division. 
 Haley, Albert J.— Pvt., Co. C, 347th Infantry. 
 Haley, Francis J. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps, U. S. A. 
 Haley, William E.— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry. 
 Hall, Arch L.— Cook, Co. F, 309th Infantry. 
 Hall, Claude J. — 314th Bakers Co., Quartermaster 
 
 Corps. 
 Hall, Edw. J.— Pvt., 125th Infantry, 107th Field Bat- 
 talion. WA. 
 Hall, Frank C— Pvt. WA. 
 Hall, Harold L.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. 
 Hall, Harold P.— WA. 
 Hall, Nathaniel R.— 51st Training Battalion, Field 
 
 Artillery, Central Officers' Training School. 
 Hall, Norman E. — Supply Sgt., Casual Detachment. 
 Hall, Samuel— Capt. WA. 
 
 Haller, Charles L.— Pvt., 347th Infantry, Machine Gun. 
 Haller, Harry E.— Pvt., 4th Co., Air Service Prod. Det. 
 Haller, Henri F.— Pvt., Co. M, 306th Infantry. WA. 
 Haller, John M.— Pvt., Art RadioSchool, Ft. Monroe, Va. 
 Haller, Martin, Jr.— Pvt., 312th Eng'rs, H'dq'rs A.E.F. 
 Haller, Russell T.— Pvt., 11th Co., 1st Road Regiment, 
 
 Motor Transport Corps. 
 Halliday, Irving R. — Sgt., Squadron A, Aero. 
 Halloran, Edw. J. — Pvt., 28th Headquarters. 
 Halloran, James G. — Corp., 106th Infantry. 
 Halloran, Joseph — Sgt., Headquarters, 302d Engineers. 
 Halm, Oscar C. — Base Hospital, Camp Dix. 
 Halter, Frank A.— WA October 8, 1918. 
 Hambridge, Leslie A.— Pvt., Supply Co., 306th Inf. 
 Hameister, Charles— Sgt., 678th Aero Squadron. 
 Hameister, Fred. — Pvt., Co. R, 21st Engineers. 
 Hamilton, David K.— 1st Lieut., Co. B, 808th Pioneers. 
 Hamilton, F. M.— Lieut., French Instructor, A. E. F. 
 Hamlin, George N.— Pvt., Co. G, 345th Infantry. 
 Hamm, Charles — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Hammar, Thos. E. 
 
 Hammond, Richard J. — Corp., Co. A. WA. 
 Hammond, William H.— Pvt., Co. H, 307th Inf. WA. 
 Hammond, Thomas E. — Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry. 
 Hamp, John C— Co. A, 162d Infantry. 
 Hampe, Edw. R. — Pvt., Machine Gun Headquarters. 
 Hanavan, Clement V.— 1st Sgt., Co. G, 309th Inf. WA. 
 Hanavan, Maurice L. — 2d Lieut., Motor Transport 
 
 Corps. 
 Hanbach, Burt — Capt., Co. H, 811th Pioneer Infantry. 
 Haney, Cornelius G. — Pvt. WA. 
 Hangauer, Harold E.— Sgt., S. A. T. C. 
 Hankin, Alfred E.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry. WA. 
 Hanley, Raymond J.— Pvt., Co. B, 164th Infantry. 
 Hanlan, Edward T.— Sgt., 310th Infantry. 
 Hanley, Andrew J.— Pvt., Co. D, 9th. 
 Hanley, Charles J.— Pvt., Co. D, P. W. E. 724th, 70th 
 
 Division. G. & W. 
 Hanley, Edw. J.— Pvt., 49th Co., 20th Engineers. 
 Hanley, George— Pvt., 7th Co., Machine Gun, U. S. Inf. 
 Hanneman, Sidney — Corp., 307th Wire. 
 Hannett, Carlton B.— Pvt., 16th Serv. Signal Corps. 
 Hannigan, Francis L. — Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry, 
 
 78th Division. WA. 
 Hanrahan, John D. — Pvt., Co. B, 13th Engineers. 
 Hanrahan, John J. — Pvt., 14th Co., Camp Sheeler, Ga. 
 Hanratty, James — Pvt. WA. 
 Hans, Geo. H. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Hansen, Chester G.— Cook, Co. H, 309th Inf. WA. 
 Hansen, Edw. J. — Pvt., Medical Supply. 
 Hansen, Frederick A. — Pvt., Co. B, 58th Ammunition 
 
 Train, Fort Adams, R. I. 
 Hapka, Leo— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 Harasemovicz, Peter — Corp., 154th Depot Brigade. 
 Harbach, Paul H.— Pvt., 6th Co., Engineers Officers' 
 
 Training School. 
 Harbison, Matthew E. — Wagoner, Co. B, 346th Infan- 
 try, Supply Wagon. 
 Harbison, Roland D.— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry. 
 Hardenberg, Peter — Pvt. WA November 1, 1918. 
 Hardesty, Faustus P.— Corp., Co. D, 303d Road Engs. 
 Hardick, Albert T.— Pvt., Co. E, R. U. 321st, Motor 
 
 Transport Corps. 
 Harding, Elias E.— Corp., Co. C, 307th Infantry. H. 
 
 D. Battalion, Co. D. 
 Harding, John— Pvt., 349th Field Artillery. 
 Hardy, Albert E.— Pvt., Co. B, U. S. A. Training Det. 
 Hardy, Robert H. — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps, 
 
 702th Overhaul Park. 
 Haring, Delos W.— Pvt., Co. B, I. S. A., Tank Corps, 
 
 Cornell University. 
 Hark, Peter O.— Corp., Co. G, 348th Infantry. 
 Harlach, Albert J.— 306th Infantry, Medical Detach. 
 Harlacher, Louis — Co. A, U. S. Guards, 47th Battalion. 
 Harlock, Edw. — Pvt., Medical Corps, Camp Dix. 
 Harmon, Aloysius — Pvt., 266th Military Police. 
 Harmon, Frank W. — Pvt., 31st Aero Squadron. WA. 
 Harmon, Lionel — Orderly, Medical. 
 Harms, Arthur W.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Field Signal Bat. 
 Harms, Edgar J.— Pvt., Co. B, 312th Engineers. 
 Harnett, Daniel E. — 2d Lieut., Air Service. 
 Harnett, John— Pvt. WA. 
 
544 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Harnick, Arthur. 
 
 Harnick, Henry — Corp., Co. E, 2d Engineers. 
 
 Harnick, Jesse— Pvt., Co. K, 322d. 
 
 Harnick, Leroy F. — Wagoner, Co. C, 302d Am. Train. 
 
 Harp, Alonzo M. — 1st Lieut., 7th Army Headquarters 
 Troop. 
 
 Harp, Willard C. — Pvt., 1st Co., 1st Division, Military 
 Police. 
 
 Harper, Russell T.— Pvt., 364th Supply Co. WA. 
 
 Harquard, Albert— Pvt., Co. A, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Harrer, William— 311th Am. Co., 303d Sanitary Train. 
 
 Harrer, George C. — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Harring, Carl F.— Pvt., 2d Co., Camp Wheeler. 
 
 Harrington, Glenn A. — 30th Battalion, 5th Australian 
 Division. WA. 
 
 Harrington, James D.— Pvt., Battery D, 336th F. A. 
 
 Harrington, Maurice F.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918 
 
 Harrington, Patrick J. — Pvt., Utility Provisional Regi- 
 ment, 2d Casual Ordnance Training Camp. 
 
 Harrington, Timothy— Pvt., 305th Machine Gun Bat. 
 
 Harris, Bernard R. — Pvt., Headquarters, 311th Inf. 
 
 Harris, Edgar E.— Sgt., Co. I, 116th Engineers. 
 
 Harris, Edwin A.— Pvt., 340th G and F., 5th Prov. Bat. 
 Transferred to 2d Co., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Harris, Howard J.— Co. F, 19th Tank Corps. 
 
 Harris, James T.— Sgt., Co. B, 153d Depot Brigade 66th 
 
 Harris, Louis H. — Pvt. 
 
 Harris, Ray B.— Sgt., Co. C, 15th Battalion, U. S. G'ds. 
 
 Harris, Jack— Pvt., Balloon Service, 5th A. E. F. WA. 
 
 Harris, Lee — 2d Lieut., Battery C, 64th Pioneer In- 
 fantry, 349th Field Artillery. 
 
 Harris, Osborne Samuel — Pvt., Co. C, 87th Division. 
 
 Harris, Richard H. — Pvt., Co. B, Chemical Warfare Serv. 
 
 Harris, Samuel — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Harris, Walter H.— Pvt., U. S. Army, S. A. P. 
 
 Harris, William G.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. G. 
 
 Harris, Willie J.— Pvt., 16th Co., 5th. 
 
 Harrison, Fred'k G. — 214th Engineers. 
 
 Harrison, Frank, Jr. — Pvt., Medical Department, Camp 
 Wadsworth. 
 
 Harrison, Gerald G.— 2d Lieut., Field Artillery R. C. 
 (Unassigned at Armistice). 
 
 Harrison, Kennedy J. — Corp., Co. D, Students' Army 
 Training Corps, Cornell University. 
 
 Harrison, Raymond C. — Corp., 311th Ambulance, 303d 
 Sanitary Train, A. E. F. 
 
 Harrison, Willis B. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps, Camp 
 Greenleaf, Ga. 
 
 Harrow, Franklin C. — Field Artillery Central Officers' 
 Training School. 
 
 narrower, Harold E. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 narrower, John A. — Corp., 1st Army Corps, Quarter- 
 master Corps, Headquarters. 
 
 Harry, Clifford J.— Sgt., Co. K, 309th U. S. Inf. G. 
 
 Harsch, George P. — Pvt., 9th Co., Coast Artillery Corps. 
 
 Hart, Archie — Pvt., 325th Ambulance. 
 
 Hart, Conrad P. — Pvt., Headquarters 347th Infantry. 
 
 Hart, Timothy S.— Pvt., Camp Upton. 
 
 Hart, Vincent G. — 2d Lieut., Ordnance Department. 
 
 Hartel, Martin J.— Pvt., Co. B, 319th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. G. 
 
 Hartel, Raymond E. — Cook, Quartermaster Corps, 
 Walter Reed Hospital. 
 
 Hartel, Wendell C— Pvt., Co. C, Students' Army 
 Training Corps, (Syracuse University). 
 
 Harter, Archibald— Sgt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Hartfuer, Fred J.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Hartfuer, Walter S.— Pvt., 302d Engineers. WA. 
 
 Hartigan, Joseph E. — Stevedore. 
 
 Hartman, Floyd — Field Clerk, Headquarters, S. O. S. 
 
 Hartman, Harry C. — Pvt., Co. C, 54th Engineers. 
 
 Hartman, Henry H. — Sgt., Base Hospital, Rilez, Kauroe. 
 
 Hartman, Harry M. — Co. A, 54th Engineers. 
 
 Hartman, Otto. 
 
 Hartman, Raymond E. — Corp., Co. C, 812th Engineers. 
 
 Hartmayer, Herbert W. K. — Corp., Co. H, Students' 
 Army Training Corps, (Cornell University). 
 
 Hartmetz, Norman G. — Wagoner, Co. A, 303d Am. Tr. 
 
 Hartnett, John — Corp. WA. 
 
 Hartwanger, Conrad P. — Corp., Motor Truck 327th. 
 
 Hartwell, Glenn E. — Pvt., 303d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Hartwig, Edwin P.— 1st Sgt., 67th Engineers. 
 
 Harty, John F.— Sgt., 5th Battalion, 1st D-8. 
 
 Harvilicz, Frank— Pvt., Co. B, 307th Ammunition Tr. 
 
 Harvilcz, John— Pvt., Battery F, 34th Field Artillery. 
 
 Harivelicz, John — Pvt., Battery D, 36th Field Artillery. 
 
 Harz, Otto — Corp., Headquarters, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Hasfurter, Geo. C— Sgt., Co. E, 309th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Haskill, Franklin C— Pvt., Co. A, 311th Field Signal 
 Battalion. 
 
 Haskins, Harold W.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Haclinger, Martin — Musician, Headquarters, 348th Inf. 
 
 Hass, Emil A.— Corp. WA. 
 
 Hassan, Mohamed — Pvt., 4th Co., 5th Battalion. 
 
 Hasselbeck, Eugene J. — Pvt., Co. H, Students' Army 
 Training Corps, (Cornell University). 
 
 Hasselbeck, Otto P.— Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Hassett, Patrick J.— Pvt., Co. G, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Hassey, Joseph E. — Pvt., 22d Balloon. 
 
 Hasslinger, Martin — Musician, 348th Headquarters. 
 
 Hastings, Charles M. — Sgt., Co. B, 14th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. 
 
 Hastings, Thomas G.— Pvt., 416th Co., Motor Trans- 
 port Corps, Unit P. 
 
 Hatch, Roderic G. — 1st Sgt., Unit L, Ambulance Ser- 
 vice. WA May 30, 1918, Verdun. 
 
 Hatch, William D., Jr. — Interpreter, Headquarters, 
 6th Army Corps. 
 
 Hauber, Geo.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Hauck, Charles M.— Co. F, 312th Engineers. 
 
 Hauenstein, Arthur F. — Pvt., Headquarters, 2d E. T. R 
 
 Hauenstein, Barton F. — 1st Lieut., U. S. Medical Corps 
 
 Hauenstein, Charles H.— Sgt., Co. B, 308th Machine 
 Gun Battalion. WA. 
 
 Hauenstein, Paul A. — Capt., Motor Transport Service. 
 
 Hauenstein, Walter H.— Sgt., 502d Aero. 
 
 Haug, Charles W.— Pvt., 115th. 
 
 Haug, J. Geo. — Pvt., 2d Co., Coast Artillery Corps. 
 
 Haun, Walter G.— Pvt., Camp Wheeler, Va. 
 
 Hausauer, Karl F. — Lieut., Field Artillery Officers' 
 Training School, Camp Taylor, Ky. 
 
 Hausbeck, Anthony J. — Pvt., 3d Co. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 545 
 
 Hausbeck, Harry J.— Pvt., Battery C, 10th. 
 
 Hauser, Edward J. — Corp., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Hauser, -John W. — Supply Co., 313th Quartermaster 
 Corps. 
 
 Hauser, Frank A. — Pvt., Infantry. 
 
 Hauser, Joseph — Pvt., Headquarters, 153d Depot Brig. 
 
 Hauser, Matthew — Machinist, Machine Service. 
 
 Hauser, Norman J.— Co. F, 303d Engineers, 78th Div. 
 
 Hauser, Raymond — Pvt., Barracks Detachment. 
 
 Hauser, Walter F.— Co. I, 3d Division Batt. 
 
 Hauser, William F.— Pvt., Aerial Photo, 18th Section. 
 
 Hauser, Leroy J.— Pvt., Co. E, 307th Am. Train. 
 
 Hausner, Fred T.— 303d Mobile Repair Shop. 
 
 Havernick, William — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Hawkins, Albert E.— Corp., Co. E, 311th Infantry WA. 
 
 Hawkins, G. L.— 16th Battalion, 2d Canadian Div. WA. 
 
 Hawkins, James M.— Sgt., Co. C, 335th Tank Battalion 
 
 Haxton, Floyd A.— Pvt., Co. H, 2d Replacement. 
 
 Haxton, Loren H.— Sgt., Co. B, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Haxton, Ray S.— Pvt., Co. A, 62d Engineers. 
 
 Hay, Russell — Pvt., 17th Observation Battalion, Camp 
 Taylor, Ky. 
 
 Hayden, Joseph H. — Lieut., 165th Depot Brigade Inf. 
 
 Hayes, Edward P.— Pvt. Battery E, 334th Field Art. 
 
 Hayes, Harold Tyler— 2d Lieut., Co. R, 49th Infantry. 
 
 Hayes, James E. — Lieut., 348th Battalion, Quarter- 
 master Corps. 
 
 Hayes, John J.— Pvt., 326th Infantry. 
 
 Hayes, Patrick F.— Corp. WA. 
 
 Hayes, Raymond — Pvt., 216th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Hayward Arthur H.— Sgt., Co. A, 28th Inf. GW. 
 
 Haywood, Geo. S.— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Haywood, Ralph T. — Wagoner, Supply Co., 52d Pio- 
 neer Infantry. 
 
 Hazen, Raymond F.— Pvt., Co. A, 335th Field Artillery 
 
 Heager, Albert P.— Wagoner, 309th Field Artillery. 
 
 Healy, James W.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Healy, Nathaniel V.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Heard, Thomas E.— 2d Lieut., Co. K, 18th Infantry. 
 
 Healy, Thos. M.— 46th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Healy, Edwin E.— Pvt., Co. D, 58th Ammunition Tr. 
 
 Heary, Cletus W.— Sgt., Co. C, 56th Engineers. 
 
 Heath, Horton H. — 1st Lieut., Instructor, School of 
 Fire, Fort Sill, Okla. 
 
 Heather, Francis H.— Bugler, Co. A, 303d Am. Train. 
 
 Heathfield, Albert— Corp., Co. A, 331st Battalion, 
 Tank Corps. 
 
 Heavey, James— Pvt., 3d Co., U. S. A. S. of A. P. 
 
 Heavey, Thomas — Pvt., Headquarters Troop Co., 
 Wadsworth Pov. Depot. 
 
 Heber, George F.— 461st Co., 416th Motor Supply Tr. 
 
 Heberling, Leslie J. — Sgt., 307th Co., Quartermaster 
 Corps. 
 
 Heck, Eugene— 1st Sgt., Co. A, 13th Battalion. 
 
 Heckel, Jos. M. — Corp., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Heckler, Edwin F.— U. S. N. T. S. 
 
 Heckler, George— Pvt., Co. L, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Heckman, James C. — Col., Ordnance. 
 
 Hecox, Louis U.— Pvt. WA September 4, 1918. 
 
 Hedden, Geo. W. — Pvt., 243d Ambulance Corps. 
 
 Hedrick, Chauncy C— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Hedrick, Edw. B. Pvt., 47th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Hedrick, Edwin E.— Battery D, 12th F. O. R. D. 
 
 Hedtke, Edward — Pvt., Co. A, Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Heebner, Robert— Pvt., 348th Infantry. 
 
 Heft, Joseph J.— Corp., 2d Co., 306th Infantry. 
 
 Heftka, Joseph— Pvt., Co. E, 336th Machine Gun Bat. 
 
 Hegelmayer, Frederick P. — Wagoner, Co. B, 304th Am- 
 munition Train. 
 
 Hehnen, John C, Jr.— Pvt., Co. H, 135th Infantry. 
 
 Heichberger, Geo. A.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Heichberger, Albert G.— Pvt., Co. G, 12th Depot Bat. 
 
 Heider, Elmer M. — 2d Lieut., Central Officers' Train- 
 ing School. 
 
 Heider, John L. — 2d Lieut., Central Officers' Training 
 School. 
 
 Heidinger, Raymond — Cook, Headquarters, 309th Inf. 
 
 Heilbach, Marcus— Pvt., Co. F, 106th Supply Train. 
 
 Heim, Anthony— Pvt., Co. I, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Heim, Geo.— Pvt., Co. C, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Heim, Joseph — Veterinary, 25th Co., Veterinary Hosp. 
 
 Heim, Marcus— Pvt., Co. A, 305th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Heimerl, Charles M. — Wagoner, Co. A, 312th Ammu- 
 nition Train. 
 
 Heimerl, Joseph M.— Sgt., 309th Co., Motor Trans- 
 port Corps. 
 
 Heimowski, Stanley L. — Pvt., Co. D, 1st Division, Am- 
 munition Train, Motor Battalion. 
 
 Heimowski, Walter J. — Pvt., Co. C, 93d Engineers. 
 
 Heimrich, Ernst J. — Co. C, 312th Ammunition Train. 
 
 Hein, Benedict — Utility Detach't, Camp Wheeler, Ga. 
 
 Hein, Charles J.— Pvt., P. E. S., A. P. O. 705. 
 
 Hein, Fred. — 2d Provisional Regiment. 
 
 Hein, Joseph A.— Corp., Co. B, 303d Military Police. 
 
 Heintz, August M.— Pvt., 6th Co., 652d Depot Brigade, 
 Camp Upton. 
 
 Heintz, Fred A. — Wagoner, Supply Co., 309th Infantry. 
 
 Heintz, Hus.— Pvt., Co. G, 2d. 
 
 Heintz, Lawrence — Corp., 307th Co., Quartermaster 
 Corps. 
 
 Heintz, Marzoflf- Pvt., Co. D, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Heinzberger, Jos. G. — Co. M, 90th Infantry. 
 
 Heinze, Milton R.— Corp., Co. D, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Heinze, Nelson J. — 1st Training Battalion. WA. 
 
 Heinze, William H.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Heisler, John G. — Pvt., Co. B, 54th Engineers. 
 
 Heiser, Robert W.— Sgt., Supply Co., 309th Infantry. 
 
 Heiss, Franklyn B.— Pvt., Co. D, 214th Engineers. 
 
 Heitmann, Edw. C— Co. K, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Heitz, William J.— Pvt., Co. C, 2d. 
 
 Hejmanowski, Peter — Pvt., 307th Labor. 
 
 Hejza, John— Pvt., Co. E, 3d U. S. Infantry. 
 
 Held, Alfred John— 346th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 
 Held, Charles H. — Co. F, 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Held, Clarence P — Wagoner, 348th Supply Infantry. 
 
 Heldwein, John — Pvt., 2d Co., Engineers, 99th Div. 
 
 Helenbrook, William D.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. Rock, N. Y. 
 
 Helf, Roy M. — Corp., Motor Command. 
 
 Heller, Jacob — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps. 
 
 Heller, Benjamin— Sgt., Coast Art. Corps, 10th Co.,S.F. 
 
 Hellinger, Albert— Pvt., 75th Co., Syracuse. 
 
 Helmer, Geo. F. — 307th Infantry Headquarters. 
 
546 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Helmicki, Joseph — Pvt. Prisoner, returned to France 
 
 January 21, 1919. 
 Helminiak, Casimer — Pvt., Co. A, 162d Infantry. 
 Helwic, Ray— Pvt., Co. D, U. S. Guards, 9th Battalion. 
 He\vig, Eugene C. — Lieut., Camp Meade, Md. 
 Helmerlein, Simon — Sgt., 4th Brigade. 
 Hemerlein, William E.— Sgt., 327th Co., Rem't Aux. G. 
 Hemmert, Harry — 307th. 
 Henderson, Louis S. — Pvt., Machine Gun Battalion. 
 
 WA October 8, 1918. 
 Henderson, Raymond F. — 1st Sgt., 16th Co., 53d Depot 
 
 Brigade. 
 Hendler, Robert L. — Pvt., 437th Engineer Corps. 
 Hendricks, Ezra P.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Hendricks, Francis— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Henfling, George — Pvt., Battery A, 2d Field Artillery. 
 Henfling, Joseph — Cook, Co. C, 312th Engineers. 
 Henfling, Michael J.— Pvt., Co. D, 58th Field Artillery. 
 Henk, Harry— Pvt., Co. K, 51st. 
 Henline, Edward J. — Drafted November 10. 
 Henline, Walter F. — Pvt., Headquarters, 302d Engrs. 
 Henline, William G.— Pvt., Battery F, 335th F. A. 
 Henn, Frank A. — Pvt., Headquarters, Headquarters 
 
 Motor Detachment, 104th Ammunition Train. 
 Hennessy, William J.— Sgt., Co. H, 343d Infantry. 
 Hennessey, Wm. J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Hennig, .Jay H.— Capt., Co. D, 320th Battalion, Motor 
 
 Supply. WA September 27, 1918. 
 Hennig, John G. — Corp., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 Henning, Charles J. — 1st Lieut. 
 
 Henning, Henry — Quartermaster Corps, Railroad Det. 
 Henning, Wm. A. — Cook, 23d Co., Developing Batt'n. 
 Henrich, Edwin H. — Pvt., 61st Infantry, Machine Gun. 
 
 WA November 8, 1918. 
 Henrichsen, Troy S. — Corp., Co. D, 1st Army Head- 
 quarters. 
 Henry, Albert— Pvt., Headquarters, Tr., 78th Div. 
 Henry, Charles S.— Pvt., Co. C, 311th Ambulance 
 
 Corps. 
 Henry, Fred J. — Pvt., Coast Art. Corps, 7th Boston. 
 Henry, Lawrence W. — Pvt., Medical Corps. 
 Henry, Lela nd B. — Sgt., 39th Infantry Headq'rs. G. 
 Henry, W illiam M. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps, 319th 
 
 Supply. 
 Hens, Leo L. — Pvt., Base Hospital 216. 
 Hensel, Walter F. — Sgt., Motor Transport, Eng. Div. 
 Hensel, William F. — Co. F, 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 Henshaw, Elmer G. — Corp., 302d Engineers' Headq'rs. 
 Henshaw, Harry J.— Pvt., 95th Co., 6th Regiment. WA. 
 Henshaw, Melvin C— Pvt., Headq'rs Co., 312th Eng. 
 Hensinger, Charles B. — U. S. Provost Guard. 
 Hensler, Albert — Co. S, Aberdeen Proving Grounds. 
 Hepp, Robert — Pvt., Ordnance. 
 Hepp, Walter F.— Sgt., Co. F, 1st Gas. 
 Heppner, Louis E. — Sgt., 74th Machine Gun. 
 Herb, Emil— Pvt., Co. M, 811th Infantry, A. E. F. WA. 
 Herbert, Millard J.— Corp., 11th Co., 3d Battalion, 
 
 153d Depot Brigade. WA. 
 Herbst, Jesse W.— Pvt., 306th Field Hospital, 302d 
 
 Sanitary Train. 
 Herd, Richard— Pvt., S. A. T. C, (Cornell University). 
 
 Herger, Charles C— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Herger, Howard C— Corp., S. A. T. C. 
 Hergett, Harry L. — Lieut., Co. F, 31st Engineers. 
 Herington, Geo. B.— Corp., Co. D, 106th Supply Train. 
 Herington, Harvey M. — Pvt., 303d Military Police. 
 Herman, Albert — Pvt., 301st Unit, Quartermaster Corps 
 
 Ship Repair Shop. 
 Herman, Emil — Pvt., Provost Guard, Military Police. 
 Herman, Frank M. — Pvt. WA. 
 Herman, Joseph — 1st U. S. Military Police. 
 Herman, Steve — Pvt., Remount Depot 302d. 
 Hermann, Edwin F.— Pvt., Co. E, 106th Am. Train. 
 Herniman, Charles R.— Pvt., Battery C, 36th F. A. 
 Herniman, Lester T.— 217th Co., 109th Battalion Corps 
 
 Military Police. 
 Herold, Paul J. — Pvt., 7th Casual Co., 1st Provisional 
 
 Regiment. 
 Herold, George P.— Pvt., 20th Co., Central Officers' 
 
 Training School. 
 Herr, Charles J. — 153d Depot Brigade, Camp Dix, N. J. 
 Herrick Ed. F. — Central Officers' Training School. 
 Herrle, Wallace — Pvt., A. M. C. Laundry 1st. 
 Herrmann, John — Pvt., Battery A, 2d Regiment. 
 Hirschbeck, Clarence W. — Pvt. WA. 
 Hersey, George W. — Pvt., Psychiaitric. 
 Hertel, George— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry. 
 Hertel, PhiHp— Pvt., Co. F, 12th Supply Train. 
 Herter, Louis — Corp., 15th Detachment. 
 Hertz, Eugene A.— Battery E, 36th Field Artillery. 
 Herzog, Wilberforce B. — Pvt., Co. A, Students' Army 
 
 Training Corps, (Syracuse University). 
 Hesch, Herman— Pvt., Co. F, 307th. 
 Heskin, Louis — Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry. 
 Hess, Frederick — Sgt., Medical Supply Base Section 2. 
 Hess, George H. — Corp., Battery C, Tractor Artillery, 
 
 1st Army. 
 Hess, Henry — Sgt., Quartermaster. 
 Hess, William T.— Pvt., Headquarters, 306th Infantry. 
 Hessel, John H.— Pvt., 10th Co., 156th Depot Brigade, 
 
 3d P. R. 
 Hesselschwerdt, Fred H.— S. A. T. C. 
 Hessinger, Geo. V. — Pvt., Co. D, 312th Engineers. 
 Hessinger, Henry — Sgt., 326th Bakery. 
 Hessinger, John H. — Pvt., Camp Upton. 
 Hessler, Cort L. F.— Pvt., 3d Air Service. 
 Hetzel, August J. — Corp., 1st Infantry. 
 Hetzel, Raymond C— Pvt., Co. C, 309th Infantry. 
 Hetzel, Roswell F. — Ist-class Electrician, 2d Field Bat- 
 talion Signal Corps. 
 Hetzelt, Erwin F.— Corp., S. A. T. C. 
 Heufling, Michael L.— A. S. M. M. Barr. K. 10th. 
 Heusel, Raymond — 1st Lieut., Medical Reserve Corps. 
 Heuser, Lawrence — Pvt., Co. B, 65th. 
 Heussler, Herman K. — Corp., 15th Co., 1st Prov. Wing. 
 Hever, William — Corp., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 Hewitt, Charles F.— Pvt. 346th Machine Gun Co. 
 Hewitt, Charles P.— Radio Elec, 209th Field Signal 
 
 Battalion. 
 Hewitt, James F. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Hewitt, John W.— Motor Truck Corps, 730th U. S. 
 
 Supply Base. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 547 
 
 Hey, Natthias C— 27th Co., 7th BattaHon, Depot Bri- 
 gade, Camp Upton. 
 
 Heyden, Frank H.— Pvt., Co. C, Casual Tanks. 
 
 Hezmalhalch, Arthur — Corp. WA. 
 
 Hiam, William L.— Co. M, 309th Infantry. Trans- 
 ferred to Ordnance Department, H. M. 0. R. S. 
 
 Hibbard, Dan R. — Corp., Headquarters, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Hibbard, George — Corp. 438th Engineers. 
 
 Hibbard, Gordon B.— Pvt., 438th Engineers. 
 
 Hibbard, Harry F.— Corp., Service M. 0. F. C. 
 
 Hibbard, Harry H.— 1st Sgt., 19th Coast Art. Corps. 
 
 Hibbard, Ra>Tnond R.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. C, 212th 
 Engineers. 
 
 Hibbard, Vernon E.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Hibbs, Leon J.— Pvt. 
 
 Hickey, James T.— Pvt., Co. C, 3d Anti-Air Craft Bat. 
 
 Hickey, Michael A. — 116th Engineers. 
 
 Hickler, Edw. — 17th Detachment Corps. 
 
 Hickler, Thomas— Pvt., Co. I, 317th Infantry. 
 
 Hickman, James C. — Col., Ordnance Department. 
 
 Hickman, Willis G.— 1st Lieut., A. S. A. 
 
 Higginbotham, Edwin S. — Lieut., Ordnance Corps. 
 
 Higgins, James B. — Pvt., Co. C, Tank Corps, BattaHon 
 333d, Camp Colt. 
 
 Higgins, Timothy E.— Pvt., 12th Artillery, Trench Mor- 
 tar Battery.. 
 
 Higgins, William J.— Pvt., 36th Field Artillery. 
 
 Hilbert, Faye W. — Service Engineer. 
 
 Hilborn, William J.— Pvt., 93d Co., 7th. 
 
 Hilburger, Frank X.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. 
 Injured October 23, 1918. 
 
 Hildebrandt, Fred— Pvt., 328th Headquarters. 
 
 Hilger, Charles G.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Hill, Albert C— Pvt., Co. F, 5th Engineers. 
 
 Hill, Cecil M.— Pvt., 1st M. M. Reg., U. S. Air Service. 
 
 Hill, Charles D.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Hill, Chester E.— Pvt., Co. K, 52d Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Hill, Clarence A., Dr.— Lieut., U. S. Army, 1st N. Y., 
 General Hospital, Williamsbridge. 
 
 Hill, C. A.— Lieut., Unit 1, U. S. Hospital. 
 
 Hill, Charles D.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Hill, Gus.— Pvt. WA October 15, 1918. 
 
 Hill, Herbert W., Jr.— Corp., 15th Co., 20th Engineers. 
 
 Hill, Howard J. — Corp., Band, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Hill, Harold P.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Hill, Millard A.— Pvt., Co. D, 312th Ammunition 
 Train 
 
 HiUebrand, Fred H.— Co. C, U. S. Guards, 14th Bat. 
 
 Hillen, William F.— Pvt., Headquarters, 345th Bat- 
 talion, Tank Corps. 
 
 Hillert, Edward C— Corp., 347th Infantry. 
 
 Hillery, Wm. — Corp., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Hillman, Elwood M.— Pvt., 520th Co., Motor Truck. 
 
 Hillock, Joseph — Pvt., Co. K, 19th Regiment, Engi- 
 neers Transport Corps. 
 
 Hilts, Joseph B.— Corp. WA. 
 
 Himelfarb, Harry — Pharmacist Mate. 
 
 Himelfarb, Julius— App. S., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Himmele, William T.— Pvt., 301st Unit, Mech. Repair 
 Shop. 
 
 Hinca, Leo— Pvt., Co. G, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Hinman, Walter L.— 1st Lieut., 228th, 368th French 
 
 Infantry and 5th U. S. Marines. WA June 10, 1918 
 
 at Belleau Wood. WA July 18, 1918 at Soissons. 
 Hinnan, Raymond C. — U. S. Naval Reserves. 
 Hintermeier, Fred'k J.— Corp., Co. G, 348th Infantry, 
 
 87th Division. 
 Hintermeier, Edw. G.— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry, 
 
 87th Division. 
 Hirsch, Charles A.— Corp., 336th Butchery Co. 
 Hirsch, Richard — Capt., Surgeon, 344th Quartermaster 
 
 Loba Battalion. 
 Hirschbeck, Clarence W. — Pvt. WA. 
 Hirschberger, Arthur W. — Corp., Co. K, 73d Infantry. 
 Hirsehberger, Fred L.— Pvt., Co. D, 346th Infantry. 
 Hirschberger, John K. — Bugler, Co. C, 312th Engineers. 
 Hirshman, Oscar B. — Corp., Co. K, 126th. WA August, 
 
 1918. 
 Hise, Arthur C. — Chief Mechanic, Battery A, 125th 
 
 Field Artillery. 
 Hitzel, Frank F., Pvt.— Medical Corps. WA Dec. 25. 
 Hixson, E. — 1st Sgt., 7th Machine Gun. 
 Hoadley, Bruce J. — Cook, 8th Regiment, 3d Brigade 
 
 Headquarters, C. C. Field Artillery. 
 Hoadley, Howard W. — Pvt., Camp Humphrey. 
 Hobson, Tracy W.— Sgt., Co. D, 303d Engineers. 
 Hoch, William— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 6. 
 Hoch, George J.— Pvt. WA. 
 Hock, Edwin O. — Pvt., 152d Depot Headquarters Co., 
 
 Camp Upton. 
 Hock Edw. L.— Co. H 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 Hock, George— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 1918. 
 Hoclisruski, John — Pvt., Co. A, 502d. 
 Hoctor, Frank A. — Corp., Co. E, 361st Infantry. 
 Hoctor, Roderick G.— Pvt., Motor Transport, C. A.S.C. 
 Hoctor, William H.— Pvt., Battery B, 32d F. A. 
 Hoddick, Alvin C. — Lieut., Air Service. 
 Hoddick, Arthur H. — Lieut., Air Service. 
 Hodges, Arthur — Pvt., Aux. Remount. 
 Hodges, Frederick A. — Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. 
 Hodges, Leroy S. — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 Hoe, Garnet— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 Hoe, Robert — Pvt., 87th Canadian Infantry. 
 Hoeffler, Harold H.— Sgt. 
 
 Hoefler, John H.— Pvt., Co. B, 312th Engineers. 
 Hoefling, Alois. 
 Hoefling, Joseph G. 
 
 Hoefner, Anthony F. — Pvt., 306th Ambulance. 
 Hoefner, John A.— Sgt., 502d Motor Truck Co. 
 Hoefner, La Vern F.— Sgt., 309th Inf. Machine Gun. 
 Hoehman, Howard D. — Lieut., Medical Corps. 
 Hoehn, Howard P.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. 
 Hoelcle, John A.— Pvt., Co. A, 347th Infantry, 87th Div. 
 Hoelscher, Louis H.— M. M. 2d C. R., 15th Aviation. 
 Hoelzle, Fred- Pvt., Co. B, U. S. Guards. 
 Hoepfinger, William— Pvt., Co. C, 312th Am. Train. 
 Hoerbelt, Joseph B.— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry. 
 Hoerbelt, Vincent W. — Pvt., 21st Engineers. 
 Hoerbelt, William F.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 346th Inf. 
 Hoerber, John H.— Pvt., 305th Field Artillery. 
 
548 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Hoerner, Edwin J.— Pvt. Co. B, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Hoesel, Joseph B.— Pvt., 9th Co., Fort Schuyler, N. Y. 
 
 Hoesel, Raymond— Pvt., Co. A, Section B, S.A.T.C. 
 
 Hoesel, Rudolf. 
 
 Hoesel, Vincent — Corp., Co. H, 68th Infantry, Camp 
 Sheridan. 
 
 Hoff, David A.— Sgt., Co. A, 50th. 
 
 Hoff, Nelson P. — Corp., Headquarters Co., 61st. 
 
 Hoff, Schuyler L. — 1st Lieut., Aviation. 
 
 Hoffer, Joseph — Co. E, 1st Army Headquarters. 
 
 Hoffer, Stephen— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Machine Gun Bat. 
 
 Hoffman, Albert C. — Corp., 309th Infantry Headq'rs. 
 
 Hoffman, Charles J. — Corp., Infantry Headquarters. 
 
 Hoffman, Edward A. — Pvt. 
 
 Hoffman, Edw. F.— Sgt., 287th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Hoffman, Edw. J.— Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Hoffman, George E.— Pvt., Co. I, Unit 302d, Quarter- 
 master Corps, Mech. Repair Shop. 
 
 Hoffman, George — Pvt., Supply Co., 77th Infantry. 
 
 Hoffman, George G.— Pvt., 1st Co., 302d G. M. C. 
 
 Hoffman, George P.— Pvt., Co. F, 147th Engineers. 
 
 Hoffman, Gustave P.— Pvt., Co. F, 34th Field Artillery. 
 
 Hoffman, Harvey P.— 1st Lieut., Field Hospital 248. 
 Medical Detachment, 151st Depot Brigade. 
 
 Hoffman, Henry— Pvt., 308th Ambulance, 302d San- 
 itary Train. 
 
 Hoffman, John L. — 2d Lieut., 57th Training Battalion, 
 Central Officers' Training School. 
 
 Hoffman, Paul A.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Hoffman, Peter M.— Corp., Co. A, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Hoffman, Philip C. — Lieut., U. S. Reserves, Co. F, 
 2d Training Regiment. 
 
 Hoffman, T. A.— Pvt. Battery A, 59th Field Artillery. 
 
 Hoffman, Edward A.— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Hoffmann, Jacob— Pvt., 303d. 
 
 Hoffmann, Theodore E. — Corp., Chemical Warfare Serv. 
 
 Hoffmeyer, Norbert C— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Hofner, Edw. J. — Pvt., Co. C, Ordnance Repair Shop 5th. 
 
 Hofner, James G. — Pvt., 152d Depot Brigade. Injured 
 September 25, 1918. 
 
 Hofner, Frank — Pvt., Medical Corps, U. S. General 
 Hospital 8. 
 
 Hofner, George N., Jr.— Corp., Co. C, 302d. 
 
 Hogan, Arthur R. — 528th Motor Transport Corps, 
 M. S. J. 425th. 
 
 Hogan, Daniel J. — Pvt., Co. B, 303d Ammunition 
 Train. 
 
 Hogan, James— Pvt., Co. F, 102d. WA October 3d. 
 
 Hogan, Robt. L. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Hogan, Walter— Pvt., Battery E, 334th Field Artillery. 
 
 Hohensee, Charles C. — Pvt., 90th Transport Corps. 
 
 Hohenstein, Edw. J. — Cook, 309th Infantry Headq'rs. 
 
 Hohl, Charles F.— Sgt., 427th S. P. V. 
 
 Hohman, Frank C. — Deto Court Reporters Judge Ad- 
 vocate Court. 
 
 Hohn, Edwin L.— Sgt., Co. A, 332d Bat. Tank Corps. 
 
 Hojnicki, Frank J .—3d Battalion, A. P. 0. 778, F. A. R. R. 
 
 Hojnacki, Leon A. — Pvt., Co. A, 52d Engineers. 
 
 Hojnacki, William F.— Pvt., 326th Infantry Supply. 
 
 Holbrook, Albert J. — 1st Lieut., Aviation Sec, Signal 
 Corps. 
 
 Holcomb, Ray E.— 11th Training Battery, Field Artil 
 lery Central Officers' Training School, Camp Zachary 
 Taylor. 
 
 Holden, Lathrop — Pvt., Co. G, 1st Army Headquarters. 
 WG July 20th. 
 
 Holender, Fred — Pvt., 352d Aerial Squadron. 
 
 Holender, Grad G. — Base Sec. 2, Judge Advocate Office. 
 
 Holland, Elmer A. — Sgt., 109th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Holland, Merton J. — 815th Battalion, Stevedore. 
 
 Holderman, Chris H.— Corp.,Co. B, 307th Am. Train, 
 
 Holdsworth, James E. — Wagoner, Co. E, 25th Engineers. 
 
 Holley, Joseph E.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Hollfelder, John— Battery D, 305th Field Artillery. 
 
 Hollister, Evan— Capt., 302d Field Artillery. 
 
 Holloway, Elmer J. — Pvt., Medical Department. 
 
 Hollway, Monreith C. — 1st Lieut., 151st Depot Brigade. 
 
 Holman, Thomas H. — Pvt., 151st Depot Brigade, 
 Transport Depot. 
 
 Holmes, Harvey J. — Pvt. ,31 1th Infantry Headq'rs WA. 
 
 Holmes, Robert L. — Pvt., Battery A, 7th Regiment, 
 Field Artillery. 
 
 Holmes, Thad W.— Sgt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Holmes, Walter E.— Sgt., Co. B, 308th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. 
 
 Holmes, Wesley W. — Pvt., 3d A. R. D., Quartermaster 
 Corps. 
 
 Holmes, William— Co. C, 1st Battalion, C. R. F. 
 
 Holmlund, Harry A.— Pvt., Co. A, 31st Division, 106th 
 Supply Train. 
 
 Holslag, Henry— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Holt, John R.— Cook, Co. A, 39th Engineers. 
 
 Holzhausen, John P. — Pvt., Co. B, 1st Pioneer Infantry 
 
 Holzman, Edward J.— Sgt., Co. M, 2d Infantry. 
 
 Hondzinski, Julius — Pvt., Co. A, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Honegger, Fred H.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Honhart, Harold E. — 1st Lieut., Air Service. 
 
 Honsberger, Albert— Corp., 28th Co., 7th Tank Bat. 
 
 Honsberger, Fred — Corp., Co. M, 306th. Injured No- 
 vember 6th. 
 
 Hoock, Albert C— Pvt., 4th Co., 99th. 
 
 Hood, Charles J.— 33d Co., 9th Battalion, 153d Depot 
 Brigade. 
 
 Hook, Charles — Pvt., Chemical Warfare Service. 
 
 Hook, Edw. E. — 682d Aero Squadron, Aviation. 
 
 Hook, Leo T. — Pharmacist, Hospital Unit 23. 
 
 Hoole, Robert S.— 2d Lieut., Co. B, 307th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. 
 
 Hoolihan, Thomas— Pvt., Co. F, 18th Infantry. 
 
 Hopkins, Mark — 1st Lieut., Signal Corps, Aviation Sec. 
 
 Hopkins, Walter J. — Corp., 2d Battalion, 303d Ammu- 
 nition Train, Headquarters Detachment. 
 
 Hoppe, Edw. A.— Pvt., Co. C, 303d Motor Supply Co. 
 
 Hoppe, Edward L. — Pvt., 58th Co., Medical Corps. 
 
 Hoppey, Joseph W. — Co. H, 59th Infantry. 
 
 Horan, John J.— Sgt., 34th Co., Central Officers' Train- 
 ing School. 
 
 Horey, Claude E.— Co. C, 112th Military Police, 37th 
 Division. 
 
 Horn, Carl G.— Sgt. Maj., 309th Headquarters. G Oct. 
 3, 1918. 
 
 Horn, Jacob J.— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry. WA. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 549 
 
 Horn, Philip J.— Pvt., 2d Battery, Field Artillery R. R. 
 
 Hornberger, Art J. — 2d Lieut., 496th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Hornberger, Walter J.— Pvt., 6th Co., 303d Field Signal 
 Battalion. G October, 1918. 
 
 Hornung, Charles F. — Lieut., Camp Surgeon. 
 
 Horschel, E. F.— Pvt., 303d Military Police. 
 
 Horton, George R. — Pvt., Co. A, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Horwitz, Abraham — Co. D, Medical. 
 
 Hoskins, Harold— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Hosmer, Carl—Dr., 701st Co., 66th. 
 
 Hosmer, C. J., Dr.— Pvt., 66th Transport Corps. 
 
 Hotchkiss, E. E.— Pvt., 304th Infantry. 
 
 Hottum, Philip A. — Co. C, 312th Ammunition Train, 
 87th Division. 
 
 Houck, John, Jr. — Corp., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Hourigan, James J. — Corp. WA. 
 
 Hourt, Elmer T.— Corp. W. 
 
 Hourt, Walter J.— Pvt., Supply Co., 12th Regiment. 
 
 House, Harry — Quartermaster Detachment, B. 4th. 
 
 House, John J. — Pvt. ,327th Infantry, Headquarters Co. 
 
 House, Robert K. — Top Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 House, Sherman — Corp., 332d Co., Aero Service Squad. 
 
 Houseal, Edward B.— Pvt. WA October 29, 1918. 
 
 Hout, Eugene E.— Pvt., 10th Co., 3d Training Bat- 
 talion, 156th Depot Brigade. 
 
 How, Clarence P.— Pvt , 306th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 WA October 1, 1918. 
 
 Howard, Harold 0.— Corp., Co. D, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Howard, Herbert A., Jr.— Pvt., 321st M. R. S. U. M. T. C. 
 
 How, Clarence P. Pvt., Co. D, 306th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. Injured August 24, 1918. 
 
 Howe, Chfton G.— 1st Lieut., 89th Division, 356th Inf. 
 
 Howe, Howard J.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Howe, Herold E.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th. 
 
 Howe, William S. — Sgt., Camp Wadsworth, Head- 
 quarters Detachment. 
 
 Howland, Charles D.— Co. G, 59th Infantry. 
 
 Hoyt, Earl F.— Co. E, 348th Infantry, 87th Division. 
 
 Hout, Charles J.— Sgt., 4th Co., 1st M. N. Regiment, 
 Air Service. 
 
 Howe, Vernon D. — Pvt., Repair, 305th Motor Trans- 
 port Corps. 
 
 Howlett, Paul M.— Sgt., Battery E, 35th Regiment, F.A. 
 
 Housman, Gerhard J.— Pvt., Co. F, 312th Supply Tr. 
 
 Hoyer, George B. — 1st Lieut., 12th Ammunition Train, 
 Heavy Field Artillery, Camp McClellan. 
 
 Hoyer, Frank L.— 2d Lieut., Battery C, 112th Heavy 
 Field Artillery. 
 
 Hubbard, Arthur G., Jr.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Reg't Eng. 
 
 Hubbard, Curtis T.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th U. S. Infantry. 
 
 Hubbard, Daniel R.— Corp., Co. D, 311thU.S. Infantry. 
 
 Hubbard, George C. — 2d Lieut., Aviation. 
 
 Hubbard, Harry— Pit. Sgt., Co. D, 110th Infantry. 
 
 Hubbard, Stuart A.— Pvt., 66th Co., 5th Regiment. 
 
 Huber, Albert H.— Sgt., 147th Engineers. 
 
 Huber, Adam L.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Inf. WA Vesle. 
 
 Huber, Charles J. — Capt., Ordnance Department. 
 
 Huber, Emil A.— Corp., Co. G, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Huber, Leo E.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. F, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Huber, Lawrence M.— Pvt., Co. E, 306th. Injured 
 August 26, 1918. 
 
 Huber, Martin F. — 71st Washington Barracks, Engrs. 
 Huber, Wm. T.— Capt., Co. F, 212th Engineers. 
 Hubert, H. J.— Pvt., 349th Field Artillery. 
 Hudack, George J. — Co. B, 306th Infantry. Injured 
 
 November 2d. 
 Hudson, Chauncey F. — Sgt., 498th Aero Squadron. 
 Hudson, Joseph L. — Pvt., Students' Army Training 
 
 Corps, (Yale University). 
 Huebbers, John J.— Pvt., 338th Co., Guard and Fire. 
 Huefner, Anthony — Corp., Co. E, 312th Engineers. 
 Huffsey, Clifford W.— Pvt., Reg. 
 Hufnagel, Christ— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. WA 
 
 November 5, 1918. 
 Hufstader, William F. — 2d Lieut., Quartermaster Corps 
 
 Requirements O. D. P. S. & T, Washington. 
 Huflfstidler, John H. — Pvt., Headquarters for Corps 
 
 and Army Troops. Injured September 29, 1917. 
 Hugenin, Faron B. — Pvt. WA. 
 Hughes, Chas. V.— WA. 
 
 Hughes, Daniel J.— Pvt., Co. B, 347th Infantry. 
 Hughes, Edw. E.— Sapper, Canadian C. R. T. D. WA. 
 Hughes, Eugene P. — Pvt. WA. 
 Hughes, G. — Pvt., Canadian Expeditionary Forces. WA 
 
 October 30, 1918. 
 Hughes, Geo. F. — Corp. 
 
 Hughes, John J. — Pvt., Co. C, 62d Engineers. 
 Hughes, John L.— Pvt., Co. I, 307th Infantry. WG 
 
 October 18, 1918. 
 Hughes, John 0. — Lieut., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Hughes, Robert E.— Sgt., Co. M, 53d Pioneers. 
 Hughes, Wm. T. — Cook, Aviation Corps. 
 Hughto, Clarence — Wagoner, 1st Field Artillery. 
 Huguenin, Faron B. — Pvt. WA. 
 Huk, Michael— Pvt. WA August 21, 1918. 
 Hull, Wm. E.— Sgt., Medical Dept., General Hospital 4. 
 Hultman, Aruid L.— Sgt., Co. B, 3d Anti-Air Craft 
 
 Machine Gun Battalion. 
 Hume, Allison K, Jr.— Pvt., 88th Co., Central Prisoner 
 
 of War Escort. 
 Humbert, Charles N.— Pvt., Co. E, 64th Engineers. 
 Humbert, Clarence — Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry. 
 Hultman, Verner A. — Sgt., Co. B, 211th Engineers. 
 Hume, John Van Derlip — Capt., 11th Field Artillery. 
 
 WG November 9, 1918. 
 Humig, Gerhard J.— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry. 
 Hummel, Geo. C. — Pvt., Ordnance Department. 
 Hunkemoeller, Josef F.— Pvt., Co. C, 61st Infantry. 
 
 Injured October 12, 1918. 
 Humbert, Chas. N.— Pvt., Co. E, 64th Engineers. 
 Humbert, Jos. S.— Pvt., Battery A, 304th F. A. 
 Hummel, Harry H.— Pvt., Co. A, 305th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. 
 Hunn, Clifford I.— Lieut., Adj., 141st Infantry. WG. 
 Hunt, Emmet — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 12th Infantry. 
 Hunt, Everette H. — Lieut., Air Service. 
 Hunt, John E.— Corp., Co. F, 146th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 29, 1918. 
 Hunt, Lester M. — Wagoner, Headq'rs Troop, 27th Div. 
 Hunt, Norris M. D.— 2d Lieut., Co. M, 364th Infantry. 
 Hunt, Robert— Pvt., Co. G, 348th Infantry. 
 Hunt, Ross L. — Pvt., 5th. 
 
550 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Hunter, Floyd W.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Hunter, Geo. C. — Ist-class Sgt., 301st Co., Refrigerat- 
 ing Plant. 
 
 Hunter, Ray V.— Sgt., Co. E, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Huntzinger, Howard P. — Sgt. 
 
 Hupf, Frank X.— Bugler, Co. G, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Huntz, Peter A. — Co. A, 302d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Hupf, Philip G.— Pvt., Co. B, 8th Field Signal Battalion. 
 
 Hurcomb, Chas. P. — Lieut., 2d Coast Artillery. 
 
 Hurd, Fred S.— Corp. 
 
 Hurley, Daniel S.— Co. D, 308th Machine Gun Bat. 
 
 Hurley, John J. — Pvt., Supply Co., 1st Division. 
 
 Hurley, Patrick G.— Pvt., Co. G, 21st Engineers. 
 
 Huroods, William— Pvt., Co. I, 148th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Huss, Frank— Pvt., Co. F, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Hussebeck, Raymond. 
 
 Hussell, LeRoy E. — Lieut., Air Service, Can. Ex. Forces. 
 
 Huster, Edmund— Sgt., 3d Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Hutch, Thomas E.— Corp., Co. H, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Hutchinson, Clifford — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Huth, Fred— Pvt., Co. I, 311th Infantry. WA July 1918. 
 
 Huthman, George A. — Sgt., 746th Motor Transport. 
 
 Hutt, Clarence E.— Pvt., Co. C, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Hutten, Joseph J. — Pvt., Co. B, 37th Engineers. 
 
 Hutten, William — Cook, Co. F, 3d Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Hylant, Edw. P., Jr.— Lieut., 310th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Hyman, Edward L. — Officer, War Activity Department 
 
 Hyman, Henry E. — Pvt., Reclamation Candidate. 
 
 Hyman, Sydney M.— Pvt., Co. C, S. A. T. C. 
 
 lano, Carl — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Idem, Philip J.— Mech., 238th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Idem, William— Pvt., Co. A, 306th Infantry. WA 
 August 18, 1918. 
 
 Iglewski, Ignatz — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Ignasiak, Stephen — 15th Sanitary Squad. 
 
 Ignasiak, Waclaw — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 348th Inf. 
 
 Ignasiak, Walter — Salvage Detachment Quartermaster 
 Corps. 
 
 Ignatowski, Joseph — Pvt. 
 
 Ignatowski, Walter— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry. WA 
 October 17, 1918. 
 
 Ihde, James — Pvt., Motor Department. 
 
 Ihle, Bernhard C— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Impellitier, Camelo— Bugler, Co. A, 116th F. A. 
 
 Impey, Lome — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Inda, Edward — Corp. 
 
 Inderbitzen, Byron A.— Pvt., 306th Tank Corps. 
 
 Indyk, Leon — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Inglis, William— Pvt., Co. E, 403d Field Signal Bat. 
 
 Infantine, Joseph — Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Ingram, Lester W. — 2d Lieut., Remount Depot. 
 
 Ippolito, Tony— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Irish, George A.— Pvt., 303d Field Signal Battalion. 
 
 Iroci, Fred- Pvt., Co. K, 7th Infantry. 
 
 Irr, Harold J. — Pvt., Chemical Warfare Service. 
 
 Irvine, Charles— Ist-class Pvt., Battery F, 18th F. A. 
 
 Irvine, George — Pvt., Co. F, Gordon Highlanders. 
 
 Irving, Elmer S. — Pvt., 18th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 
 Irwin, D. M., Jr.— S. A. T. C. (Williams). 
 
 Irwin, Kenneth O. — Corp., 303d Engineers. 
 
 Isbrandt, Anthony — Pvt., Headquarters, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Isbrandt, Stanley — Ist-class Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Isch, Albert I.— Pvt., U. S. Guards. 
 
 Isenberg, Reuben — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Italiano, Sere— Bugler, Battery E, 335th Field Artillery-. 
 
 Iten, Paul A.— 1st Sgt., Headqrs., 303d Tank Corps Bat. 
 
 Ives, Herbert L.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 307th Inf. 
 
 Ivey, C. T. — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Ivey, W. T. — Pvt., Medical Division. 
 
 Izczerny, Anthony — Pvt., 2d Provisional. 
 
 Jablonski, Joseph — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Jacklis, James K. — 2d Lieut., Co. A, 6th Anti-Aircraft 
 
 Battalion. 
 Jacklewski, B. — Pvt., 107th Ordnance Depot. 
 Jacklewski, Joseph— Pvt., Battery B, 336th F. A. 
 Jackson, ColHns H.— Sgt., Co. H, 372d Infantry. WG 
 
 July 1918. 
 Jackson, Earl R. — Master at Arms, U. S.C.G. Academy. 
 Jackson, David H. — 2d Lieut., Co. C. 
 Jackson, Ernest G.— Pvt. WA. 
 Jackson, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. F, 305th Infantry. WG 
 
 June 28, 1918. 
 Jackson, John H. — Sgt., Co. A, 552d Battalion. 
 Jackson, Joseph J. — Pvt. WA. 
 Jackson, Oddie J. — Pvt. WA. 
 Jackson, PhiHp M.— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C. 
 Jackson, Robert B. — Sgt., 6th Motor Mechanic. 
 Jackson, Theodore S. — Corp., 7th Co., Camp Meade. 
 Jacobs, Albert — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Jacobs, Daniel— Pvt., Co. .F, 325th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 14, 1918. 
 Jacobs, Edward M.— Corp., Co. A, 306th Infantry. WA. 
 Jacobs, Herbert J. — Corp., Aero Squadron. 
 Jacobs, Walter E.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 24, 1918. 
 Jacus, Allen W. — Lieut. WA. 
 Jacus, Warren Y. — Pvt., Co. H, 59th Pioneers. 
 Jagodzinski, Adam — Co. B, 47th Battalion, U. S. Guard 
 Jagodzinski, Frank — Pvt., 311th Depot. 
 Jagodzinski, John — Pvt., Co. I, 68th Infantry. 
 Jagodzinski, Stanley — 59th Infantry. 
 Jagodzinski, Vincent F. — Casual Detachment. 
 Jaguckie, Louis — Pvt. WA. 
 Jakubawski, Anthony J. — Pvt. 
 Jakubawski, Charles — Corp., Coast Artillery Corps. 
 Jakubawski, John M. — Pvt., Co. B, Aero Squadron. 
 Jakubawski, John — Pvt. WA. 
 Jaman, John — Headquarters Detachment, 77th Div. 
 
 WA, Vesle. 
 Jakubawski, Stanley R. — Sgt., 9th Ammunition Train. 
 James, Norman Henry — Corp., 9th Headq'rs F. A. 
 James, William L. — Ist-class Pvt., Battery C, 349th 
 
 Field Artillery. WA October 31, 1918. 
 Jameson, Horace E. — Ist-class Pvt., 593d Ambulance 
 
 Service. 
 Jameson, Norris M. — 2d Lieut., Engineer Corps. 
 Jamison, Leonard A. — Pvt. WA. 
 Janes, Albert— Pvt., Co. M, 306th Infantry. 
 Janes, Clayton A.— Pvt., Co. B, 309th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 18, 1918. 
 Janiczewski, Peter — Pvt., Headquarters, 306th Infan- 
 try. WA October 14, 1918. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 551 
 
 Janik, Anthony A. — Pvt., Co. M, 12th Infantry. 
 Janik, Francis J. — Medical Corps. 
 Jankowski, Anthony — Pvt., Co. C, 104th Infantry. 
 Jankowski, Harry J. — Pvt., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 Jankowski, Leon J. — Co. C, 306th Machine Gun Bat- 
 
 taHon. WA September 27, 1918. 
 Jankowski, Stanley — Co. G, 35th Engineers. 
 Jankowski, Stanley F.— Pvt., Battery C, 21st F. A. 
 Jankowski, Steve D.— Pvt., Battery D, 77th F. A. 
 
 WA October 10, 1918. 
 Janowitz, Dr. Alfred A. — 1st Lieut., 61st Infantry. 
 Jans, John — Pvt., Co. M, 59th Pioneers. 
 Janeskiewiz, Boleslaw — Pvt., Headquarters, 346th Inf. 
 Janicszewski, Peter — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Jarmakowski, Frank — Pvt., Co. F, 51st Pioneer Inf. , 
 Jarmuz, Stanley — Quartermaster, Camp Dix. 
 Jarocinski, Edward — Pvt., Co. B, 347th Infantry. 
 Jaros, Waclaw — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Jarosynski, Felix — Pvt., 134th Field Artillery. 
 Jarosynski, Michael — Pvt., 346th Infantry. 
 Jarvis, George B. — Ist-class Pvt., Battery E, 334th 
 
 Field Artillery. 
 Jarvis, Harold P.— 2d Lieut., 39th Co., 153d Depot 
 
 Brigade. 
 Jaskiewicz, — 87th Division. 
 
 Jaskiewicz, Peter — Pvt., Headq'rs, 51st Pioneer Inf. 
 Jaskowiak, Ignace — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 Jaskowiak, Michael — Pvt., Co. E, 346th Infantry. 
 Jaslove, Jacob — Pvt., 21st Infantry. 
 Jasper, John A.— Pvt., Battery C, 105th Field Artillery. 
 
 WG September 29, 1918. 
 Jazowiak, Frank — Pvt. WA. 
 Jaszka, Joseph A.— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry. 
 Jaworski, Walter — Pvt., Co. C, 303d Engineers. 
 Jeames, Edward Pvt., Co. C, A. P. 0. 
 Jedrzejewski, Anthony — Corp., Co. B, 17th Infantry. 
 Jeffers, Andrew P. — Pvt., Co. P, 21st Engineers. 
 Jeffers, William A.— Pvt., Battery A, 63d F. A. 
 Jeflfery, Millard V.— Pvt., 162d Infantry. 
 Jeffery, William J. — Corp., 147th Infantry. 
 Jeffrey, Jerome M. — Lieut., Sanitary Corps, A. E. F. 
 Jehle, Albert C— Pvt., 11th Replacement. 
 Jehle, William F.— Pvt., 16th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Jenezewski, Waclaw — Pvt., Headquarters, 346th Inf. 
 Jendrasiak, Felix — Pvt., 302d Engineers. 
 Jenkins, David — Bugler, Co. C, 49th Engineers. 
 Jenkins, Roland F.— Capt., Co. I, 319th Infantry. 
 Jenkinson, Albert — Pvt., Co. M, 348th Infantry. 
 Jennings, Joseph M. — Pvt., Co. A, 7th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. WA May 30, 1918. 
 
 Croix de Guerre for bravery at Chateau Thierry. 
 
 Jensen, Albert L. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry 
 
 Jensen, Andrew A. — Sgt., Co. B, 404th Res. Lab. Bat. 
 
 Jepson, Samuel T.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Jernatowski, Joseph A. — Pvt., Co. C, 312th Am. Train. 
 
 Jerome, Michael — Pvt. 
 
 Jerozal, Stanley— Pvt., Co. F, 147th Infantry. 
 
 Jerzewski, — Pvt., 1st Regiment, R. R. Field Artillery. 
 
 Jesak, Anthony — Pvt., Co. H, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Jesiorowski, Vincent — Pvt., Co. M, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Jetter, Edward T.— Pvt., Co. G, 5th. 
 
 Jewell, Arthur D. — 1st Gun Pointer, Armed Guards. 
 Jewell, John S. — Radio Corp., Headquarters, 36th F. A. 
 Jewett, Carlton — Major, Ordnance Department. 
 Jewett, Edgar B. 2d -1st Lieut., Battery D, 135th F. A. 
 Jewett, H. C— Col., 316th Engineers, Chief of Staff, 
 91st Division. Distinguished Service Cross. 
 
 D. S. C. awarded Colonel Henry C. Jewett, 316th Engineers, for 
 extraordinary heroism in action during Argonne-Meuse offensive, 
 September 25th to October 4th 1918. Assigned to command of 
 Infantry Brigade. Colonel Jewett was directed to go forward, 
 find his brigade, and consolidate the regiments which had become 
 separated. He crossed territory under terrific 6re and pulled up 
 rear regiment to aid the regiment in front which was directly en- 
 gaged, thereafter commanding the movement of both regiments in 
 a highly creditable manner. His services were officially recognized 
 by the Governments of Great Britain, France and Italy by the 
 award of their Distinguished Service Medals. 
 
 Jewett, Kelsey H. — Cadet, Reserve Officers' Training 
 Camp. 
 
 Jewett, Robert J. — 2d Lieut. Headquarters, 310th F. A. 
 
 Jezeorowski, John— Pvt., Co. H, 327th Infantry. 
 
 Jillson, George F. — Pvt., Headquarters, 328th Infantry. 
 WA October 25, 1918. 
 
 Jillson, Howard D.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Jochum, Francis J. — Corp. WA. 
 
 Jochum, Michael — Medical Corps, Camp Dix. 
 
 Jochum, Jacob A.— Sgt., Co. C, 18th Infantry. WG 
 May 4, 1918, September 12, 1918. 
 
 Jocoy, Henr>' H. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Johannes, Edward J. — Wagoner, Co. B, 302d Am. Train. 
 
 John, Emil A.— Pvt., Co. K, 7th Infantry. WA July 
 25, 1918. 
 
 Johndahl, Carl L.— 1st Sgt., Co. D, 306th Infantry. 
 WA August 15, 1918. 
 
 Johnson, Arthur— Pvt., 309th Infantry. WA October 
 16, 1918. 
 
 Johnson, Arthur — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Johnson, Archie E., Jr. — Pvt., 17th Service Co., Signal 
 Corps. 
 
 Johnson, Burt E. — Corp., Co. A, 62d Engineers. 
 
 Johnson, Charles C— Bugler, Battery F, 4th F. A. 
 
 Johnson, Clarence R. — Battery D, 9th February Auto- 
 matic Replacement Draft. 
 
 Johnson, Daniel G.— Sgt., 8th Co., 2d A. S. M. R. 
 
 Johnson, Frank H. — Pvt., Medical Corps, Camp Dix. 
 
 Johnson, Fred B.— Corp., Co. H, 307th Infantry. WA 
 October 29, 1918. 
 
 Johnson, Gust — Pvt., Co. A, 308th Machine Gun Bat- 
 talion. WA. 
 
 Johnson, George T. — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Johnson, George W. — Pvt., 27th Division, 120th Auto. 
 Ordnance Repair Shop. 
 
 Johnson, Harold B. — 1st Lieut., Hospital Train 50. 
 
 Johnson, Harold J.— Pvt., M. R. S. 
 
 Johnson, Harry M. — Pvt., 4th Co., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Johnson, Henry — Capt., A. G. D. 
 
 Johnson, Ira D.— 311th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Johnson, J. Allen — Pvt., Headquarters, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Johnson, John G. — Sgt. Maj., 807th Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Johnson, Maynard J. — Corp., Battery A, 349th F. A. 
 
 Johnson, Milton M. — Pvt., Headq'rs, 2d Army Corps. 
 
 Johnson, Oscar — Sgt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Johnson, Percy Wm. — Pvt., Co. H, 35th Engineers. 
 WA November 10, 1918. 
 
 Johnson, Stanley C. — Ist-class Pvt. 
 
552 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Johnson, William A. — 1st Lieut., 74th Co., 11th Infan- 
 try, 5th Division. 
 
 Johnson, William J.— Pvt., Supply Co., 307th Infantry. 
 
 Johnson, William R. — Pvt., Co. C, Casual Tank Corps. 
 
 Johnston, Elwood F.— Pvt., Co. C, 316th Field Signal 
 Battalion. 
 
 Johnston, Howard P. — Pvt., 412th Medical Corps. 
 
 Johnston, Irving H. — Pvt., Co. D, 147th Infantry. 
 
 Jokl, Alexander — Capt., Officers' Training Camp. 
 
 Jones, Arthur — 552d Engineers. 
 
 Jones, Charles D. — Aviation Corps. 
 
 Jones, Clayton A. — Sgt. WA. 
 
 Jones, Louis R. — Sgt., Photo. Sec, Air Service. 
 
 Jones, Elmer, Pvt., Battery E, 85th Field Artillery. 
 
 Jones, Frank — Corp., 348th Infantry. 
 
 Jones, Harold H. — 1st Lieut., 52d Brig. Headquarters. 
 
 Jones, John. 
 
 Jones, John W. — Pvt. Taken Prisoner. 
 
 Jones, Matthew — Pvt., Headquarters, 59th F. A. 
 
 Jones, Matthew F. — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Jones, Milo — Sgt., 1st A. S. Regiment. 
 
 Jones, Odon C. — 1st Sgt., Co. B, Ordnance Corps. 
 
 Jones, Valentine A.— Sgt., Chemical Warfare Depart- 
 ment. Gassed June 1918. 
 
 Jones, Walter L. — Quartermaster Sgt., A. G. D. 
 
 Jones, Walter F. — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Jones, William — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Jones, William A. — Corp., 72d Balloon Co. 
 
 Jones, William H. — Sgt., 442d Engineers. 
 
 Jones, William L.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Jones, Willis H.— Ordnance Sgt., Supply Co., 57th F. A. 
 
 Jaques, Raymond H. — Pvt., Army Headquarters. 
 
 Jordan, Dominico — Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Jordan, Frank A. — Pvt., Co. A, 18th Infantry. 
 
 Jordan, John P.— Pvt., Co. F, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Jordan, Wm. J. — Corp., 88th Railroad Transport Corps. 
 
 Josifiak, Walter J. — Pvt., Artillery. 
 
 Joseph, Abe — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Joseph, Alex— Pvt., Battery H, 36th Field Artillery. 
 
 Joseph, Frank— Corp., Co. G, 307th Infantry. WG 
 September 26, 1918. 
 
 Joslyn, Charles P. — Pvt., Chemical Warfare Service. 
 
 Josurak, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. F, 302d Engineers. WA 
 September 28, 1918. 
 
 Joyce, Daniel J. — Pvt., Co. I, 307th Infantry. Novem- 
 ber 3, 1918. 
 
 Joyce, Gilbert J.— Pvt., Co. G, 146th Infantry. WA 
 September 29, 1918. 
 
 Joyce, Raymond F. — Pvt., 43d Brigade, U. S. Guards. 
 
 Jozierski, Ludwick — Pvt., 312th Ammunition Train. 
 
 Jozwiak, Frank J. — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Judkins, Leonard— Pvt., Battery F, 349th F. A. 
 
 Juhre, Harvey J. — Ist-class Pvt., 302d Engineers. 
 
 Jung, Daniel — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps. 
 
 Jurek, Stanley — Pvt., 674th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Jusdowski, Bronislaus — Pvt., Supply Co., 311th Inf. 
 
 Justinger, Ira— Pvt., Co. D, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Kabel, Martin B. — Pvt., Co. C,12 Ammunition Train. 
 
 Kabach, Paul A.— Corp. WA. 
 
 Kabel, William A.— Pvt., 63d Co.,Transport Corps. 
 
 Kabel, William A.— Pvt., Co. A, 58th Engineers. 
 
 Kabres, Francis— Pvt. WA November 29, 1918. 
 Kaczmarck, Bernard — Pvt., 7th Co, 153d Depot Brig. 
 Kaczmarck, Boleslaw — Camp Wheeler. 
 Kaczmarck, Joseph — Pvt., Co. I, 311th Infantry WA 
 
 October 1918. 
 Kaczmarck, Walter — Pvt., Headq'rs Co., 51 Pioneers. 
 Kaczar, John — Pvt., Co. D, 303d Engineers. 
 Kaczor, Anthony F.— Co. G, 348th Infantry. 
 Kaefer, Harvey E.— Pvt., WA. 
 Kaeselan, Ernest A.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Kaeselam, Irving F. — Sergt., Machine Gun Co., 309 
 
 Infantry WG. 
 Kaesser, Orton R.— Sergt., 2d Co., O. C. D. 
 Kaesser, Walter F. Pvt., Battalion A, 59th F. A. 
 Kaffenberger, Karl G. — Capt., Supply Co., 55th Pioneer 
 
 Infantry. 
 Kahabka, Babtiste— Pvt., Co. E, 34th Field Artillery. 
 Kahabka, George J. — Pvt., 816 Aero Squadron. 
 Kahle, Richard Benton — Capt., Quartermasters' Corps 
 
 WA November 6, 1918. 
 Kaifer, Harry E.— Pvt., WA November 6, 1918. 
 Kaiser, Aloysius F. — Co. B, 37th Engineers. 
 Kaiser, Andrew — Corp., Co. A, 61st Infantry. 
 Kaiser, Benjamin G. — Pvt., Quartermasters' Corps. 
 Kaiser, Curt E.— Pvt. WA.. 
 Kaiser, Erhart F.— Pvt. Co. D, 307th Infantry, WA. 
 
 September 17, 1918. 
 
 Distinguished Service Cross and Croix de Guerre. 
 
 Kaiser, Howard B. — Pvt., Theatrical Unit. 
 Kaiser, John J.— Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry. 
 Kaiser, Martin H. — Pvt., Co. D, 2d Anti-aircraft Gun 
 
 Battalion. 
 Kalacki, Stephen— Pvt., Co. M, 346th Infantry. 
 Kalback, Paul A.— Corp., WA. 
 Kalbfleisch, George J. — Medical Unit No. 15. 
 Kalemeja, Joseph L. — Pvt., WA. 
 Kaleta, John A. Sergt., Co. I, 47th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 15, 1918. 
 Kalinowski, John— Pvt., Co. C, 327th Infantry. 
 Kalinowski, Stanley — Sergt., Field Artillery. WA. 
 Kaliska, William G.— Capt., Machine Gun Co., 310th 
 
 Infantry, WA September 23, 1918. 
 
 D. S. C. and Croix de Guerre. 
 
 Kalurski, Gus— Pvt., Co. F, 87th Infantry. 
 
 Kame, James W.— Pvt., Co. E, 303d Motor Supply 
 
 Train. 
 Kamel, Benjamin — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 306th Inf. 
 Kamerson, Oscar H. — Pvt., 39th Depot Brigade. 
 Kaminski, Chas. F.— Corp., Co. B, 309th Infantry. 
 Kaminski, Joseph B. — Pvt., 308th Ambulance Corps. 
 Kaminski, Andrew — Pvt., Co. L, 12th Infantry. 
 Kaminski, Frank J.— Sergt., Co. F, 28th Infantry, WA 
 
 August 28, 1918. 
 Kamm, Albert L.— Cook, Battery E, 36th F. A. 
 Kamm, George A. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th Inf. 
 Kamman, Arnold R. — Sergt. 
 
 Kammerer, John J. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. B, 164th Inf. 
 Kammerer, Joseph J. — Ordnance Branch, 315th Fire 
 
 and Guard Co. 
 Kammerer, Louis J. — Pvt., Co. B, 302d Supply Train. 
 Kampoff, George P.— Pvt., Co. 20-47, 153d Depot Brig. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 553 
 
 Kamprath, Fred A. — Corp., Co. B, 344th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. 
 Kane, Albert— Pvt., 34th A. F. A. B. A. 
 Kane, Frank — Pvt., Headquarters, 10th Infantry. 
 Kane, James B. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 345th Inf. 
 Kane, James S. — Wagoner, Co. A, 304th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. 
 Kane, Roger J.— Pvt., Co. B, 1st U. S. A. Headq'rs Reg. 
 Kane, Thomas P.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Kane, Michael F.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 Kane, William V.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Kanel, Ben— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 306th Infantry. 
 Kanhl, Arthur— Pvt. 
 Kantawski, S. — Camp Upton. 
 Kappen, John F. — Pvt., 21st Recruit Co. 
 Karaszewski, John F. — Pvt., Co. 2, Coast Artillery 
 
 Corps. 
 Karaszewski, Walter — Lieutenant, 27th Co., 165th 
 
 Depot Brigade. 
 Karcher, Frank J.— Bugler, Co. C, 335th Field Artillery. 
 Karcher, Harry M. — Sergt., Base Hospital 23. 
 Karg, Edward H.— Pvt., 9th Co., 56th Engineers. 
 Karlak, S. F. — Sergt., Quartermasters' Corp. 
 Karle, George J.— Pvt., Co. E, 147th Infantry, WA 
 
 October 5, 1918. 
 Karlien, Leo C. — Musician, 50th Pioneer Infantry. 
 Karneth, Lee— Pvt., WA October 2, 1918. 
 Karninski, John — Pvt., Division. 
 Karns, Jay B.— Corp., Co. B, 311th Infantry. 
 Karolczyk, Antoni — Pvt., WA. 
 Karpf, Foster — Pvt. 
 
 Karpik, John — Corp., Co. A, 48th Battalion. 
 Karpinski, Frank — 83d Co., 6th Regulars. 
 Karpinski, John — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 Kasprak, Joseph A. — Corp., Co. H, 78th Infantry. 
 Kasprzak, Walter— Cook, 306th Field Hospital. 
 Kaspiowicz, John — 19th Co., 5th Battalion. 
 Kassel, John J.— Pvt., Co. L, 346th Infantry. 
 Kassimi, Louis — Pvt. 
 
 Kaszynski, Joseph L.— Pvt., B. N. U. S. C. N. A. 
 Kaszynski, Vincent — Pvt., WA. 
 Katolik, Wladeslaw— Pvt., WA. 
 Katzka, Arthur H.— Pvt., Co. G, 329th Infantry. 
 Kaufman, C. L. — Pvt., 22d Engineers. 
 Kaufman, WilHam— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry, WG 
 
 October 8, 1918. 
 Kaufman, Charles — Pvt., 51th Pioneer Infantry. 
 Kaufman, Fred— Pvt., 309th Infantry. 
 Kaugt, William A. — Government Smokeless Powder 
 
 Plant. 
 Kauhl, Arthur J. — Ist-class Pvt., Quartermasters' Corps. 
 Kaun, Henry — Pvt., Quartermasters' Corps. 
 Kavanaugh, Frank J. — Pvt., 165th Machine Gun Bat- 
 talion. WA July 22, 1918. 
 Kavany, Thomas J.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 147. 
 Kawa, Stanley— Pvt., 22d Co., 12th Regiment. 
 Kawa, Paul— Pvt., WA. 
 
 Kawal, Joseph — Corp., Headquarters Co., 51st Pioneers. 
 Kawalewski, Stephen F.— S. A. T. C. 
 Kawalski, Walter— Pvt., Battery E, 334th F. A. 
 Karolewsk, Stanislaus— Pvt., 77th Co., 306th Infantry. 
 
 Kay, Charles H.- Pvt., Co. D, 55th Field Signal Bat. 
 Kaye, Charles S.— Pvt. 
 Kayes, Joe E.— Pvt., WA. 
 
 Kayinske, Max— Pvt., Battery C, 36th Field Artillery. 
 Kazimieczak, Anthony — Pvt., Co. B, 345. 
 Kazmierczak, Frank — Pvt., Co. B, Engineers. 
 Kazmierczak, Joseph E. — Pvt., WA. 
 Kazmierzak, John — Corp., Battery E, 35th F. A. 
 Kazmiericzak, Michael — Sergt., Service Pach Unit 324. 
 Kazmierczak, Vincent F. — Pvt., Battalion B, 4th First 
 
 Army Replacement Depot. 
 Kaznowski, Adam — Pvt., 21st Engineers. 
 Keane, John P.— Pvt., Battery G, 304th Field Artillery. 
 Keane, Thomas J. — Pvt. 
 Kearn, John J.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Keating, Michael J. — Pvt., Co. A, 62d Engineers. 
 Keating, Richard L.— Sergt., Co. E, 302d Engineers. 
 Keating, Theodore, B.— Capt., Co. I, 312th Infantry. 
 
 WA October 24, 1918. 
 Keck, David— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. 
 Keck, George F.— Pvt., WA October 17, 1918. 
 Keck, John — Pvt., Co. D, 51 Pioneers. 
 Keefe, Edward V. — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 Keefe, George N. — Sergt., 774th Co., Ordnance Dept. 
 Keefer, Harry A.— Pvt., Co. E, 309. 
 Keefe, John H.— Pvt., Co. H, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 Keefe, Thos. S.— Sergt., Co. E, 303d Ammunition Train. 
 Keegan, Raymond F.— Pvt., Co. D, 10th Battalion U. 
 S. Guard. 
 Keeler, Albert— Pvt. 
 
 Keen, Arthur H.— Sgt., Co. F, 303d Engineers. 
 Keenan, Henry J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Keenan, Joseph H. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Keenan, Raymond J.— Sgt., Co. H, 309th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 16, 1918. 
 Kehrens, Joseph W.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Keicher, Charles A. — Pvt., 301st Quartermasters' Corps. 
 Keicher, Edward— Pvt., Supply Co., 342d F. A. 
 Keicher, Leo C. — Corp., 14th Battalion, U. S. Guards. 
 Keipper, Adolph A. — Pvt., Veterinary Hospital No. 9. 
 Keiley, Peter— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Keith, James Allen — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 147th Inf. 
 Kelcey, George G. — Lieut., Air Service. 
 Kelcey, William E. — Sgt., Camp Dix. 
 Kellar, William E.— Sgt., Sanitary Dept., 349th F. A. 
 Kellar, William J.— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. WA 
 
 September 5, 1918. 
 Keller, Carl M.— Pvt., 34th Battery, Field Artillery. 
 Keller, Carl Theodore— Pvt., Battery A, 13th F. A. 
 Keller, Daniel J. — Cook. 
 
 Keller, Edward E.— Corp., Co. B, 328th Infantry. 
 Keller, Frank— Pvt., Co. F, 346th Infantry. 
 Keller, Hugh F.— Corp. WA. 
 Kellas, Joseph R.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Train Military 
 
 Police. 
 Kellar, Wm. J.— Pvt. 
 Keller, John J.— Pvt. WA. 
 Kellar, John R.— Pvt. WA. 
 Keller, Joseph A.— Pvt. WA. 
 Kelleher, Frank J.— Pvt., 302d Engineers. 
 Keller, Adolph — Corp., Co. K, 2nd Replacement Regt. 
 
554 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Keller, Charles — Pvt., Battalion C, 2d Regiment. 
 
 Keller, Frank— Pvt., Co. G, 106th Engineers. 
 
 Keller, Frank A.— Pvt., Co. B, 57th Tank Corp. 
 
 Keller, George P.— Pvt., Co. B, 57th Tank Corps. 
 
 Keller, Harold P.— Pvt., 29th Co., 6th Battalion Cen- 
 tral Officers' Training School. 
 
 Keller, Joseph A.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Keller, John J.— Pvt., Co. C, 147th Infantry. WA 
 September 27, 1918. 
 
 Keller,' John R.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Keller, Paul A. — Mech., Aero Non-fly Squadron F. 
 
 Keller, William J.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Kellner, Fred A.— Pvt., Battery D, 35th F. A. 
 
 Kellner, Joseph C— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers 
 
 Kellogg, John W.— Corp., Co. M, 311th Infantry. WA 
 October 25, 1918. 
 
 Kelly, Clarence. 
 
 Cited. 
 
 Kelly, Edward P.— Pvt., Co. 6, 20th Engineers. 
 
 Kelly, Francis— Pvt., WA April 27, 1918. 
 
 Kelly, Harold R. — Capt., Aviation. 
 
 Kelly, John— Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry, WG Sept- 
 ember, 1918. 
 
 Kelly, John C. — Corp., 301st Stevedores. 
 
 Kelly, John E. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Kelly, Joseph J.— Corp., Co. D, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Kelly, Lawrence J. — Pvt., 302d Sanitary Train. 
 
 Kelly, Wm. J. — Pvt., Ordnance Dept. 
 
 Kelschenbach, Albert P.— Wagoner, Co. D, 302d Am- 
 munition Train. 
 
 Kemble, Raymond J.— Sgt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Kemp, Arthur — Col., 55th Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Kempke, Harrison G.— 24th Battalion F. A. C. 0. 
 
 Kempker, Anthony — Pvt., 36th Field Artillery. 
 
 Kempker, Joseph — Pvt. 
 
 Kempkes, Albert — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Kempski, Paul— Pvt., 16th Co., 4th Infantry. 
 
 Kendall, Ben F. — Lieut., 83d Division Headquarters. 
 
 Kendall, Frederick W. — Lieut., 1st Cavalry Brigade. 
 
 Kendall, Luther H.— Pvt., Co. D, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Kendall, Robert E.— Lieut., Co. C, 303d Am. Train. 
 
 Kendall, Robert M.— Pvt. 
 
 Kendrick, Ward Havill— Sgt. Co. F, 309th Infantry. 
 WG September 22, 1918. 
 
 Kendziara, Thomas — Co. 16th 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Keough, Wm.— Pvt., Co. C, 166th Infantry. 
 
 Kennah, James B. — Pvt., 10th Co., 1st Brigade Air 
 Service. 
 
 Kennedy, Charles M. — Tank Corps. 
 
 Kennedy, Edward— 306th Machine Gun Battalion. WA. 
 
 Kennedy, George H. — Aviation Corps. 
 
 Kennedy, Howard J. — Pvt., Co. F, 16th Replace. Eng. 
 
 Kennedy, Joseph F. — Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Kennetzer, Robert — Corp., 334th Field Artillery. 
 
 Kenney, Charles F.— Pvt., Co. B, 312th Engineers. 
 
 Kenney, Dennis M.— Sgt., Co. A, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Kenney, Edward. 
 
 Kenney, Frank L. — Ist-class Pvt., 316th Supply Quar- 
 termasters Corps. 
 
 Kenney, James H. — Pvt., Co. H, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Kenney, John F.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Kenney, William C. — Sgt., 675th Areo Squadron. 
 
 Kenney, William E.— Pvt., Co. A, 129th Infantry. 
 
 Kenngott, Edwin B.— Pvt., Co. B, 110th Field Signal 
 Battalion, WA September 25, 1918. 
 
 Kennsy, Philip— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Kenny, Dennis W.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. . 
 
 Kenny, James J. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Keough, Carroll J. — Pvt., 5th Developing Battalion. 
 
 Keough, Earl— Pvt., 7th U. S. Infantry. 
 
 Kepple, Wesley M.— Corp., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Kerger, Karl 0. — Pvt., Supply Troop, 8th Cavalry. 
 
 Kerk, John G.— Pvt., Co. M, 122d Infantry. 
 
 Kerker, Jacob — Cook, Camp Dix. 
 
 Kerker, Joseph F. — Pvt., 14th Ordnance. 
 
 Kerlin, Harvey — Pvt., Co. B, 37th Engineers. 
 
 Kerling, Edwin H.— Pvt., Co. D. 
 
 Kerovitz, Louis I. — Corp., 617th Motor Transport 
 Corps. 
 
 Kerr, Harold W.— Pvt., Co. K, 309th Infantry. WA 
 October 12, 1918, Argonne. 
 
 Kerr, William S.— Sapper, C. E. F., 6th Battalion 
 2d Division, Engineers. WA twice July 6, 1918, Aug- 
 ust 8, 1918, Arras. 
 
 Kerwin, Oliver M. — Pvt., Headquarters, 5th Infantry. 
 
 Kerwin, Philip J.— Sgt., Co. D, Central Officers' Train- 
 ing School. 
 
 Kessler, Edward— Pvt., 330th Supply Co. 
 
 Kessler, George — Pvt., 315th Mobile Ord. Repair Shop. 
 
 Kessler, Robert J. — Corp., Quartermasters Corps. 
 
 Kessler, William F.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. K, 306th In- 
 fantry. WA November 7, 1918. 
 
 Kessler, William L. — Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Kesten, LeRoy B.— Bugler, Co. F, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Kestzke, John— Pvt., Co. A, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Ketcham, Carl G. — Sgt., Machine Gun Co., OflScer's 
 Training Camp. 
 
 Ketterer, Alphonse G. — Pvt. 
 
 Ketterer, George A. — Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Ketzer, Frank — Pvt. 
 
 Keyawa, Francis M. — 1st Lieut., 1st Provisional Co. 
 
 Kibbel, Felix J.— Corp., Co. D, 7th Infantry. WA 
 July 15, 1918. 
 
 Kibler, George A.— Pvt., 18th Battalion. 
 
 Kibler, John F. — Pvt., Co. H, Proving Grounds. 
 
 Kibler, Raymond F. — Pvt., Co. A, 7th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. 
 
 Kibler, Raymond R.— 1st Sgt., Battery A, 13th F. A. 
 
 Kick, George E.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Kick, Sylvester J. — Co. I, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Kickebush, Henry A.— Pvt., Co. B, 307th Am. Train. 
 
 Kideney, Robert B.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Kiebert, Harry J.— Pvt., 334th Field Artillery. 
 
 Kief, George— Pvt., Base Hospital 218. 
 
 Kief, Herbert— Pvt. 
 
 Kief, Raymond J.— Corp., 7th Co., 157th Depot Brig. 
 
 Kief, Russell — Sgt., Co. I, 55th Engineers. 
 
 Kiefer, Carl A. — Pvt., 3d Provisional Regiment. 
 
 Kiefer, Edward P.— Sgt., Machine Gun Co., 309th 
 Infantry. WA October 16, 1918. 
 
 Kieffer, A. J.— Pvt., Co. A, 307th Repair Unit. 
 
 Kiefhaber, Wm. P.— Pvt., Headq'rs, Mach. Gun School. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 555 
 
 Kieger, Benjamin — Corp., Co. C, 302d Supply Train. 
 Klellch, Aloyslus E.— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C. 
 Klelholz, Edward A.— Corp., Co. C, 305th Battalion, 
 
 Tank Corps. 
 Klelholz, Joseph E.— Pvt., 306th Tank Corps. 
 Klellszek, Frank — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Klellan, Rolf H.— Sgt., Coast Artillery. 
 Klener, Milton J. — Musician, Armed Guards, Brooklyn. 
 Kiera, Andrew. 
 
 Klesling, George — Corp., Co. K, 28th Infantry. 
 Kilbert, Frank^Pvt., 36th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Kiley, Charles^Pvt., Co. I, 307th Infantry. WA 
 
 4 times In 1 day, September 3, 1918. 
 Kiley, Peter F.— Pvt., Co. K, 347th Infantry. 
 Kiley, Wmiam L.— Pvt., 116t Reg't, Transport Corps. 
 Kllleen, Francis J.^Sgt., S. A. T. C. 
 Kllleen, Kevin^Pvt., 33d Co., Field Artillery, Central 
 
 Officers' Training School. 
 Kllleen, Thomas J.— Pvt., Supply Co. 
 Klllinger, Clifford A.— Cook, Co. A, 306th Infantry. 
 Kllllnger, Ed. E.— Ist-class Pvt., Supply Co., 36th F. A. 
 Kilmer, Stanley G. — 1st Sgt., Aviation. 
 Kimble, Harry — Pvt., 303d Ammunition Train. 
 Klna, John J.— Pvt., Co. H. 
 King, Arthur P. — 1st Lieut., 604th Engineers. 
 King, Delancey M. — Lieut. W. 
 
 Awarded French Croix de Guerre with gilt star for continuing to 
 lead his men in an assault, though himself wounded twice. 
 
 King, Ira M.— Sgt., Battery B, 35th Field Artillery. 
 
 King, Joseph C. — Pvt., Battery F, 7th First Army, Re- 
 placement Depot. 
 
 King, Robert — Capt., Base Hospital. 
 
 King, W. E. — Gunner, 38th Canadian Artillery. 
 
 King, William R.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. B, 2d Anti-Air- 
 craft Machine Gun Battalion. 
 
 Klngdon, Vernon — Pvt., Ambulance Corps. 
 
 Kingsbury, Joseph J. — Capt., Executive Officer. 
 
 Kingsley, Alphonse A. — Pvt., Provisional Co. C. 
 
 Kingsley, Edward A.— Pvt., 302d Field Signal Bat. WA. 
 
 Kingston, Arthur H. — Pvt., Battery E, 14th Regiment. 
 
 Kingston, Phillip A. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Kingston, Richard H. — Pvt. .Headquarters, 2d Pioneers. 
 
 Klnkead, Eugene J. — 12th Development Battalion. 
 
 Kinney, George — Pvt., Aerial Service. 
 
 Kinney, George W. — Pvt., Casual. 
 
 Kinney, John McM.— Sgt. Maj., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Kinney, William F.— Ist-class Pvt., 303d Guard and 
 Fire Co. 
 
 Klnsella, Hubert— Co. L, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Kinskey, Charles E. — 12th Battalion, Quartermaster. 
 
 Klnzle, Frank A.— Pvt., Co. D, 47th Battalion Infantry. 
 
 Klnzle, Joseph L.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. WA 
 October 15, 1918. 
 
 Klracfisco, Bentalo — Pvt. 
 
 Kirby, George I.— 2d Lieut., Co. M, 5th Infantry Re- 
 placement. 
 
 Kirby, Robert H.— Sgt., Military Police, 78th Division. 
 
 Kircher, Fred L.— Pvt., 321st Field Artillery. 
 
 Kirchgessner, Wm. J.— Pvt., 15th Detachment, Air 
 Service. 
 
 Kirchman, Edw.— Pvt., 302d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Kirchmeyer, Louis F. 
 
 Kirchmeyer, Norbert J. — Pvt., Quartermaster 106th 
 
 Supply Train. 
 Kirchner, August L. — Corp., Field Artillery, Central 
 
 Officers' Training School. 
 Kirchner, Henry P. — Capt., Ordnance Department. 
 Kirchner, Paul R.— 1st Sgt., S. A. T. C. 
 Kirk, Ed. H.— Pvt., 340th Motor Transport Corps. 
 Kirkman, Howard A.— Pvt., Co. G, 302d Am. Train. 
 Klrkwood, Fred'k. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps, Camp 
 
 Upton. 
 Klrsch, Alton P.— Pvt., Co. C, 10th Battalion, Sub- 
 Boat Corps. 
 Kirn, Thomas M.~Pvt. WA. 
 Klrsch, Anthony J. — Corp., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Klrsch, Bernard — Engineers. 
 
 Klrsch, George W.— Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry. 
 Klrsch, Robert— Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry. 
 Kirschner, Fred W. — Pvt. 
 
 Kirschner, Herman — Ist-class Pvt., Fort Porter Hospital. 
 Klrst, William— Sgt., Co. D, 309th Infantry. 
 Kirst, William J.— 2d Lieut., Co. E, 379th Infantry. 
 Klrst, William L.— Pvt., Co. D, 309th Infantry. 
 Kirwan, Edwin J. — Pvt., 35th Infantry. 
 Klsker, Lawrence J. — Pvt., Aviation Forces. 
 Klstner, Jacob D.— Corp., Co. I, 306th Infantry. WA 
 
 August 17, 1918. 
 Klta, Anthony J. — Pvt., School for Cooks. 
 Klttinger, Charles — 2d Lieut., Air Service. 
 Kittlnger, Raymond V.— Corp., Co. D, 35th F. A. 
 Klvaplch, Felix— Pvt., 311th Infantry. 
 Klaczyk, Vincent— Co. B, 346th Infantry. 
 Klaczyk, Vincent F.— Pvt., 346th Infantry. 
 Kladke, William F.— Coast Guards. 
 Klaes, Charles J.— Sgt., Co. E, 303d Engineers. 
 Klalber, Howard H.— Sgt., 8th Co., 437th Engineers. 
 Klarowski, Bernard A.— Pvt., Co. E, 347th Infantry. 
 Klatzkin, Jacob — Pvt., Coast Artillery Corps. 
 Klauk, James— Pvt., Battery E, 334th Field Artillery. 
 Klaus, John N.— Pvt., Co. A, 307th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. 
 Kleabus, John— Pvt., 348th Infantry. 
 Klebuck, Anthony — Pvt., First Army, Replacement 
 
 Depot. 
 Kleczynskl, Wm. — Pvt. 
 
 Klee, Joseph M.— Pvt., Battery F, 334th FleldArtillery. 
 Klein, Charles — Musician, Headquarters, 4th Infantry. 
 Klein, Charles E.— Co. Clerk, 77th Division. 
 Klein, Frank C— M. S. E., 109th Air Squadron. 
 Klein, Gustav A.— 53d Battery, 7th Anti-aircraft Sec. 
 Klein, Harold B. — Ist-class Pvt., Machine Gun Co. 
 
 311th Infantry. W November 3, 1918. 
 Klein, Harold H.— Co. C, 102d Ammunition Train. 
 Klein, Harry— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. 
 Klein, Howard — Lieut., Signal Corps. 
 Klein, John M.— Pvt. 
 
 Klein, Julius J.— Pvt., 66th Co., 153rd Depot Brigade. 
 Klein, Lester C— Sgt., 107th Ordnance Depot. 
 Klein, Louis R.— Pvt., Co. F, 28th Infantry. 
 Klein, Melville— Corp. 37th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Klein, Milton E.— Ist-class Pvt., Headq'rs, 52d F. A. 
 
556 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Klein, Norman M. — Pvt., 4th Co. 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Klein, Peter— Pvt., WA. 
 
 Klein, Richard C. — 1st Sgt., Base Hospital, Camp Grant. 
 
 Klein, Sidney S.— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Infantry. WG 
 September 8, 1918. 
 
 Klein, Stanley F.— Co. A, 106th Supply Train. 
 
 Klein, William J. — Pvt., 309th Quartermasters Corps. 
 
 Kleinelaus, Wm. G.— Pvt., Co. E, 2d Infantry, Re- 
 placement. 
 
 Kleindinst, G. Harrington — 317th Tank Corps. 
 
 Kleinfelder, Albert C— 419th Motor Supply Train. 
 
 Kleinfelder, William — Corp. 
 
 Klenowski, Casper — Pvt., 18th Development Battalion. 
 
 Kless, Anthony G.— Sgt., Troop H, 14th Cavalry. 
 
 Kliefoth, Carl E.— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Am. Train. 
 
 Kliefoth, Wm. E.— Pvt., 40th Engineers. 
 
 Klier, Joseph J.— Pvt., Co. I, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Klimek, Valentine— Pvt., Co. D, 355th Infantry. 
 
 Kline, Raymond G. — Pvt., Troop L, 1st Cavalry. 
 
 Klinck, Jesse J. — Sgt., Base Hospital 50. WA August 
 12, 1918. 
 
 Klinger, Bronislaus — Co. K, 7th Infantry. WA July 17, 
 1918. 
 
 Klinger, Rudolph — Sgt., 310th Guards and Fire Quar- 
 termasters Corps. 
 
 Klippel, Arthur P. K.— Corp., Machine Gun Co., 311th 
 Infantry. WA May, 1918. 
 
 Klippel, Clarence— Pvt., Co. A, 108th Battalion. 
 
 Kloo, Joseph— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Klocke, Eugene L.— Pvt., Co. A., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Klocke, Frederick W. — Corp., 641st Aero Squadron. 
 
 Klopfer George S.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Klopfer, Leroy E. — Corp., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Klopp, Frank G.— Pvt., Co. I, 49th Infantry. 
 
 Klopp, Richard J.— Pvt., Co. M, 90th Infantry. 
 
 Klosiak, Julian A.— Pvt., Battery A, 36th F. A. 
 
 Klosiak, Stanley E.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. WA 
 September 25, 1918. 
 
 Klosin, John— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Kloske, O.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Kluczynski, Walter — Pvt., Gas Defense Service. 
 
 Kluczynski, William — Horseshoer, Headq'rs, 304th F. A. 
 
 Klueck, Joseph A.— 2d Lieut., 2d Bakery Co., 314. 
 
 Klump, Frederick — Pvt., Coast Artillery Corps, Fort 
 Adam. 
 
 Klump, William E.— Pvt., 49th Infantry. 
 
 Klumpp, Fred J. — Pvt., 834th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Klumpp, Harold P.— Pvt., Battery D, 47th F. A. 
 
 Klumpp, Henry P. — Pvt., Gas Defense Service, Chemi- 
 cal Warfare Service. 
 
 Knaggs, Joseph F. X.— Pvt., Co. C, 10th Bat. S. B. C. 
 
 Knapp, Edward M.--Pvt., Co. M, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Knavel, William— Pvt., 17th Battalion, 153d Depot 
 Brigade. 
 
 Kneeland, James N.— Pvt., Headq'rs, 331st Tank Bat. 
 
 Kneis, Grover — Photographer, Air Service, Photo 
 Station No. 18. 
 
 Knepper, Harry J. — Repair Shop. 
 
 Knerr, John D. — Pvt., Headquarters, Uth F. A. 
 
 Kneubuehl, John H. — Capt., 55th Pioneers. 
 
 Knoerl, John G. — Pvt., Col B, 1st Pioneers Infantry. 
 
 Knibloe, Lawrence — Lieut., U. S. Engineers. 
 
 Knibloe, Richard — Capt., U. S. Engineers. 
 
 Knight, Edward J.— Pvt., Battery C, 59th F. A. 
 
 Knight, Theodore C. — Capt., 35th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Knipple, Robert M. — Corp., Headquarters, 7th Inf. 
 
 Knobloch, John H. — British Expeditionary Forces. G. 
 
 Knoch, Clarence E.— Pvt., Headq'rs, 311th Inf. G. 
 
 Knocke, Elmer J. — Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Knoernschild, Christ G. — Sgt., Pigeon Service. 
 
 Knoernschild, Henry — 1st Sgt., Co. I, Pigeon Service. 
 
 Knoll, Floyd A.— Pilot, Royal Air Force. 
 
 Knoll, Harry E. — Pvt., Headquarters, 1st Division. 
 
 Knolt, Oscar A. — Pvt., Base Hospital 51. 
 
 Knope, George J. — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Knopinski, Frank— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Knopinski, John F. — Pvt., Aero Squadron 325. 
 
 Knorr, William G. — Sgt., Battalion 35, Air Service. 
 
 Knorring, A. C. — Sgt., Co. B, 55th Pioneers. 
 
 Knowles, Charles — Sgt. WA. 
 
 Knox, James E. — Pvt., Co. D, 87th Engineers. 
 
 Knox, Seymour H. — No. 2 Air Service. 
 
 Kobee, David G. — Sgt., H'dq'rs Demobilization Centre. 
 
 Kobernuss, Fred A. — Pvt., 307th Labor Co., Quarter- 
 masters' Corps. 
 
 Kobernuss, Henry E. — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneers. 
 
 Kobes, Charles A. — Pvt., Veterinary Corps. 
 
 Kobiat, Peter— Pvt., Co. A-12, Camp McClellan. 
 
 Kobinski, John— Pvt., WA October 9, 1918. 
 
 Koch, Albert E. — Pvt., Community House, Camp 
 Sherman. 
 
 Koch, Edward — Pvt., Headquarters, 327th Infantry. 
 
 Koch, Edward F.— Pvt., Base Hospital 83. 
 
 Koch, George A. — Corp., Special Service. 
 
 Koch, Howard John — Sgt., Section 67, Aerial Photog- 
 raphy. 
 
 Koch, Joseph — Pvt., Motor Transport Detachment. 
 
 Koch, Henry C— Pvt., Co. K, 147th Infantry. 
 
 Koch, William— Pvt., Co. B, 68th Engineers. 
 
 Koch, William E.— Pvt. Co. C, 65th. 
 
 Kochanski, Anthony— Co. H, 307th Inf. G twice. 
 
 Koeffer, Frank J. — Cook, Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Koehler, Arthur A.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Koelbl, Joseph— Pvt., 326th Butchery Co. 
 
 Koehler, Walter A. E.— Pvt., Co. H, 34th Engineers. 
 
 Koehler, William — Pvt., Machine Gun, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Koelzon, Albert G.— Pvt., Co. C, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Korlzon, Edward— Pvt., Co. C, U. S. Guards Nat. Army. 
 
 Koenig, Alfonse H.— Sgt., 8th Trench Mortar. 
 
 Koenig, Anthony P.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Eng., 77th Div. 
 
 Koenig, Herbert S.— Pvt., Co. E.— 7th Regulars Inf. 
 
 Koenig, Theodore J. — 2d Lieut., 819th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Koenig, William— Pvt., Co. A, 311th U. S. Infantry. 
 
 Koenig, William H.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Koeppel, Clarence L.— Pvt., Co. D, 58th Am. Train. 
 
 Koeppel, William H.— Pvt., Co. A, 307th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. 
 
 Koerber, Arthur — Corp., 331st Tank Division. 
 
 Koerner, Charles E. — Corp., C. P. 4 Developing Bat. 
 
 Kofeju, Walter F. — Sgt., Coast Artillery Corps. 
 
 Kofeju, Nicholas — Pvt., Coast Artillery Corps. 
 
 Kogler, Henry C. — 2d Lieut., Cable Station. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 557 
 
 Kohl, Conrad H.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Field Signal Bat. 
 
 Kohl, John W. — Pvt., Students' Aimy Training Corps. 
 
 Kohlmeier, Howard B. — Sgt., 157th Depot Brigade. 
 
 Koh, Herbert A. — Pvt., 14th Photographers Section. 
 
 Koibis, Edwin — Pvt., Battalion A, 14th Regiment. 
 
 Kohl, George J. — 2d Lieut., Air Service. 
 
 Kohl, John J.— Pvt., M. O. R. S., 3d Corps. 
 
 Kohl, John W. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Kohler, Arthur 0.— Sgt., Co. 4, M. R. S. 303. 
 
 Koksch, William L.— Pvt., Co. C, 126th Engineers. 
 
 Kolasa, Martin— Pvt., 9th Co., 311th Infantry. G. Sep- 
 tember 29, 1918. 
 
 Kolasa, Martin— Pvt. W. 
 
 Kolasz, John — Pvt., Depot Brigade. 
 
 Kolb, Albert L.— Pvt., Base Hospital 5. 
 
 Kolb, C. J.— Cook, Co. A, 61st U. S. Infantry. 
 
 Kolb, Edward C— Pvt., Co. C, Medical Detachment 
 Camp Dix. 
 
 Kolb, Edwin — Engineers, Edgewood Arsenal. 
 
 Kolb, -Joseph B.— Supply 323. 
 
 Kolbe, Richard— Corp., Co. H, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Kolber, Isadore— Pvt., Co. C, 106th Supply Train. 
 
 Kolczynski, Alexander — 12th Co., 157th Depot Brigade. 
 
 Koles, Ferdinand— Pvt., Battery B, 335th F. A. 
 
 Kolis, Leo — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps., A. E. F. 
 
 Kolis, M. C— Pvt., Co. G, 22d Engineers. 
 
 Kollison, Nicholas— Pvt., 23d Co., 6th Training Bat. 
 
 Kollman, Max— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Kollmar, Theodore, Pvt., Limited Service. 
 
 Kolbuchowski, John — Pvt., 51st Pioneers. 
 
 Koladzecj, Michael — Pvt., Repair Unit 319. 
 
 Kolodziejewski, Anthony J. — 2d Battery, F. A. R.D. 
 Artillery. 
 
 Komcki, Frank L.— Co. A, 162d Infantry. 
 
 Komeczka, Antony — Pvt., Co. B, 75th. 
 
 Komeczny, John — Pvt., Co. H, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Komeiczka, John — Pvt., 35th Co., 152d Battalion. 
 
 Komieizny, John — Pioneers. 
 
 Komisarek, Joseph — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Komorowski, Leon T.— Pvt., M. G. T. C. 
 
 Komozowski, Leon— Pvt., 2d Co., M. G. T. C. 
 
 Komosinski, Bronislaw — Pvt., 104th M. G., Infantry. 
 
 Konerth, Anthony— Pvt., Co. I, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Konopa, Frank — Base Hospital, Spartanburg, Camp 
 Wadsworth, S. C. 
 
 Konter, Andrew — Pvt., Medical Repair Shop. 
 
 Konter, Joseph— Pvt., 5th M. G. WA. 
 
 Konter, Joseph A. — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Koops, Rogers — 2d Lieut., 369th Infantry. 
 
 Kopack, James J. — Corp., Co. H, 325th Infantry. 
 
 Kopera, Frank A.— Pvt., Battery C, 36th F. A. 
 
 Kopczynski, Roman — Pvt., 4th Co., Artillery 5th Bat. 
 
 Kopek, Michael— 13th. 
 
 Kopenski, William — Pvt., Co. I, 7th. 
 
 Kopf, Carl C— Corp., Co. A, 307th Ammunition Train. 
 
 Kopp, Albert E. — 301st Quartermasters Corps. 
 
 Korda, Stanislaus— Pvt., Battalion D, C. A. C. 
 
 Korn, Edward J.— Base Hospital 202. 
 
 Kornacki, Stephen— 304th Co,. M. T. C. R. 
 
 Korowacki, Victor— Pvt., Co. D, 4th Battalion. 
 
 Koscileniak, George — Pvt., Co. L, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Koscinski, Bronislaw — Col. H, 59th Pioneers. 
 
 Koscielniak, Steve — Pvt., Co. B, 112th Barracks. 
 
 Kosinski, John — Medical Corps. 
 
 Kosinski, Julian — Co. E, 134th Infantry. 
 
 Kosnikowski, John — Pvt., Camp Wheeler. 
 
 Kost, Herbert G.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Koster, Joseph A.— Co. B, 306th Infantry, 77th Div. 
 
 Kostoscki, Leonard — Pvt., Battalion F, 1st Regular 
 First Army, Replacement Depot. 
 
 Koszuta, Stanley J.— 77th Co., 19th Battalion Syra- 
 cuse Ret. 
 
 Koszuta, Walter— Pvt., Battery B, 335th F. A. 
 
 Kothowski, Piotz — Pvt. Missing November 11, 1918. 
 
 Koulinski, Czstoin— Pvt., Co. E, 325th Infantry. 
 
 Kowal, Joseph — Corp., Headquarters, 51st Pioneers. 
 
 Kowalak, Albert— Pvt. 
 
 Kowalak, John— Pvt., Co. G, 146th Infantry. 
 
 Kowalak, John— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Kowalak, William— Pvt., Co. H, 7th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Kowalski, Anthony— Pvt., Co. H, 326th Infantry. 
 
 Kowalski, John— Pvt., Battery E, 310th F. A. 
 
 Kowski, Stanley— Pvt., Co. H, 61st Infantry. 
 
 Koziarski, John— Pvt., Co. M, 144th U. S. Infantry. 
 
 Koziarski, John — Pvt. Missing December 15, 1918. 
 
 Kozlowski, Bernard— Pvt., Troop C, 17th U. S. Cavalry. 
 
 Kozlowski, Felix— Pvt., Co. C, 61st Infantry. 
 
 Kozlowski, John — Pvt., Reported missing, returned to 
 duty January 17, 1919. 
 
 Kozlowski, Joseph F — Pvt., Machine Gun Battalion, 
 6th Anti-Aircraft. 
 
 Kozlowski, Louis — Pvt., 106th. 
 
 Kraebel, George — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Kraemer, Edward — Pvt., Quartermasters Corps, Camp 
 Dix. 
 
 Kraft, Clarence L.— Pvt., Headquarters, 117th F. A. 
 
 Kraft, James V.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Kraft, Oscar R.— Pvt., Co. B, 53d Transport Corps. 
 
 Krajewski, Adam — Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Krajewski, Ignace — Pvt., Quartermasters Corps. 
 
 Krajna, Walter — Pvt., 2d Regular First Army Replace- 
 ment Depot. 
 
 Krakowiak, Joseph B. — Pvt., 16th Co., 4th Battalion. 
 
 Krakowiak, Stanley— Pvt., Co. L, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Kralick, Louis— Pvt., Co. G, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Kramer, August — Pvt., Co. C, 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Kramer, George H. — Sgt., Battery A, 7th February 
 Automatic Replacement Draft. 
 
 Kramer, Harry E. — Pvt., Ordnance Causal 4. 
 
 Kramer, Lester Arthur — Corp., Motor Truck 19. 
 
 Kramer, Louis E.— Pvt., Co. C, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Kramer, Michael — Corp., Co. H, 21st Engineers. 
 
 Kranichfeld, George J.— Sgt., Co. B, U. S. Guards, 47th 
 Battalion. 
 
 Kranz, Elmer J. J.— Sgt., Battery E, 35th F. A. 
 
 Kratz, Herbert P.— Sgt., Co. H, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Kratzmeier, Leo— Pvt., 13th Field Artillery, A. E. F. 
 
 Krauch, Oscar— Pvt., Co. H, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Kraus, Anthony J— Pvt., Co. F, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Kraus, Bernard J.— Pvt., Co. G, 33d Infantry. 
 
 Kraus, Elmer A. — Pvt., WA. 
 
 Kraus, Frank— Pvt., Co. A, 37th C. A. C. 
 
558 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Kraus, Joseph — Pvt., 303d Remount. 
 Kraus, Theodore — Pvt., Co. C, 302 Ammunition Train. 
 Kraus, Theodore — Pvt., Co. H, Pioneer Infantry. 
 Kraus, WilHam J.— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 Krause, Emil P.— Pvt., Co. K, 309th Infantry. 
 Krause, Albert F. — Civilian, Motor Transport Corps. 
 Krauss, Leo — Pvt., Salvage Division, Quartermaster 
 
 Corps. 
 Krauss, Stephen — Pvt., 348th Infantry. 
 Kravier, A. F.— Pvt., 327th. 
 
 Krawezyk, Peter — Co. C, 18th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 Krawezyk, Stainslaw — Pvt. WA. 
 Krawizyk, Walter S.— Pvt., Battery B, 16th F. A. 
 Krayski, John J.— Pvt., Co. C, 303d Am. Train. 
 Kreher, Anthony — Pvt., 11th Co., 1st Road. 
 Kreher, Edward G.— Pvt., Base Hospital 83. 
 Kreigier, John — Pvt. WA. 
 Kreitner, John E. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Krell, George— Pvt., Co. I, 127th Infantry. 
 Krendler, George — Corp., Co. A, 5th. 
 Kresin, Charles J. — Wagoner, Supply, 115th F. A. 
 Kresin, William J. — Pvt., Headquarters. WA. 
 Kresiszewski, John M. — Bugler, Headq'rs, 604th Eng. 
 Kress, George Frank— Pvt., Co. E, 307th Repair Unit. 
 Kress, Jack — B Loading Co. 
 Kress, Joseph — 345th Machine Gun. 
 Kress, Julius Val. — Pvt., Headquarters, 47th Artillery, 
 
 Coast Artillery Corps. 
 Kressler, Wm. F.— Pvt. WA. 
 Kretz, Albert F.— Corp., Co. B, 308th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. 
 Kretz, John H.— Pvt., Co. A, 120th Engineers. 
 Kretz, William— Pvt., Co. A, 120th Engineers. 
 Kretz, William J.— Pvt., Co. B, 13th Battalion. 
 Kreuder, Albert J.— Pvt., Co. B, 347th Infantry. 
 Kreutzbender, Charles — Pvt., Camp Utility Co. 
 Kreuzer, Frank — Pvt., Ordnance Department. 
 Krgysiah, L. — Co. A, 314th Infantry. 
 Krieger, Henry A.— 312th Field Hospital. 
 Krieger, Henry Geo.— Pvt., Co. G, 348th Infantry. 
 Krieger, John— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. 
 Krieke, Richard D.— Pvt. WA. 
 Kritz, George— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry. 
 Krog, William E. — Sgt., Coast Artillery Corps. 
 Krohmer, Clarence H.— Pvt., 338th G. and Tank Corps. 
 Krojewski, Wladyslaw — Pvt. WA. 
 Kroll, Roman C. — Pvt., Machine Gun Troop, 14th Cav. 
 Krolak, Leo S. 
 
 Kromer, Charles P. — Sgt., Aviation Corps. 
 Kromer, Frank. 
 
 Kromer, Frank L.— Sgt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 Kromer, Vincent — Pvt., First Army Replac't Depot. 
 Kromke, Rudolph F. — Wagoner, Headq'rs, 58th Inf. 
 Kroner, Charles F.— Pvt., Co. M, 109th Inf. G. twice. 
 Kronson, Louis — Pvt., 1st Ordnance Detachment. 
 Kropski, Steven— Pvt., Co. M, 348th Infantry. 
 Krszysiak, Stanley — Pvt. WA. 
 Kruckendorf, Ralph — Pvt. 
 
 Krueger, Arthur A. — Pvt., Ambulance Co. 38th. 
 Krueger, Edwin— Pvt., Battery C, 306th Field Art. 
 Krueger, John H. — Pvt. 
 
 Krueger, Kurt R.— Pvt., Co. B, 40th Infantry. 
 
 Krueger, Louis — Pvt., Co. C, 6th Engineers. 
 
 Krueger, Oscar C— Corp., 4th H. A. M. O. R. S. 
 
 Krueger, Otto B. — Pvt., Base Hospital 85. 
 
 Krueger, Peter — Wagoner, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Krueger, Wm.— Pvt., Co. C, 148th Infantry. WG 
 Argonne. 
 
 Kruk, Ignatz— Pvt., Co. L, 148th. WA. 
 
 Krull, A. Howard — Wagoner, Co. B, 304th Machine 
 Gun Battalion. W. 
 
 Krull, Wilfred E.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Krummel, Edwin H. — Pvt., Co. A, 54th Engineers. 
 
 Krummel, Frank— Pvt., Co. G, 135th Infantry. 
 
 Krumpols, George — Co. E, 7th Infantry. 
 
 Krupnick, Jacob— Pvt., Co. E, 306th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Kruse, Edward F.— Pvt., Co. G, 115th Infantry. 
 
 Kruse, Frank, M. D. — 1st Leiut., Camp Gordon, Ga. 
 
 Kruszynski, Boleslaw — Pvt., Co. H, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Kruszynski, Edward — Polish Army. 
 
 Kruszynski, Joseph — Sgt., Convalescent Camp. WA. 
 
 Kruszynski, Peter — Pvt., Co. F, 156th Depot Brigade. 
 
 Kruszynski, Stanley — Pvt. 
 
 Kruszynski, Walter B.— Pvt., 5th Co. 
 
 Kruszysnki, Walter B. — Pvt., 141st Anti-Aircraft. 
 
 Krygier, Walter — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Krygier, Walter— Pvt., Co. C, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Krystafkiewicz, Edmund S. — 57th Ammunition Train, 
 Medical Detachment. 
 
 Krystaniak, Benj. B. — Candidate, Candidate School. 
 
 Krzyowasz, Anthony — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Krzyzan, Joseph— Co. D, 14th BattaHon, U. S. G. N. A. 
 
 Kryzan, Stanley — Bugler, Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Krzyzaniak, Frank— Pvt., Co. F, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Krzysiak, Ladislaus — Pvt., Co. A, 134th Infantry. 
 
 Krzysiah, Stanley— Pvt., 36th Co., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Krzyzaniak, Stanislaus — Co. G, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Krzyzanowski, Anthony — Pvt., Co. F, Engineers Corps. 
 
 Krzysowsz, Anthony — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Kuberski, Stanley — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Kubiak, Vincent — Pvt. Missing in action. 
 
 Kubiak, Stanley — Chauffeur, Ebert Field. 
 
 Kuchenmeister, George J. — Pvt., 20th Co., Infantry. 
 
 Kuckmarski, M. — Pvt., Camp Wheeler. 
 
 Kuczka, John P.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Kubala, Joseph — Pvt., Co. C, 1st Battalion. 
 
 Kubicz, Michael— Pvt., 331st M. T. D. 
 
 Kuc, John— Pvt., Co. F, 134th U. S. Infantry. 
 
 Kucemba, Waclaw R. — Pvt. 
 
 Kuczka, John P.— Pvt., Co. C, 8th Machine Gun Bat- 
 talion. WA. 
 
 Kuczka, Walter K.— Pvt., Co. C, 21st Engineers. 
 
 Kuder, Albert— Pvt., Co. A, 7th Regiment. 
 
 Kudlacz, Thomas— Pvt., Co. C, 347th U. S. Infantry. 
 
 Kuehn, Edwin G. — Pvt., General Hospital 4. 
 
 Kugel, Leonard J. — Lieut., Ordnance Department. 
 
 Kuhl, William H.— Pvt., Co. H, 309th U. S. Infantry. 
 
 Kuhn, Charles A. — Sgt., Machine Gun. 
 
 Kuhn, Frank F. — Musician, Headq'rs., 59th Pioneers. 
 
 Kuhn, Fred A. — Pvt., Medical Supply, 3d Division. 
 
 Kuhnke, William G.— Capt., 310th Infantry. WA 
 September 20, 1918. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 559 
 
 Kuhn, Harold E.~Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry. 
 Kuehnel, Henry F.— Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 Kuehnel, Martin R.— Battery A, 8th First Army, Re- 
 placement Depot. 
 Kuepper, Leroy — Co. G, 5th. 
 Kuhak, Joseph— Pvt., Co. C, 347th Infantry. 
 Kuhl, William H.— Pvt., Co. H, 309th Infantry. 
 Kuhn, Fred P.— Pvt., 348th Infantry. 
 Kuhn, Gustav A. — Reg. Serg. Maj., Headquarters, 
 
 309th Infantry. 
 Kuhn, John W. A. — Corp., Co. B, 51st Pioneer. 
 Kuhn, Louis W. — Corp., Missing December 25, 1918. 
 Kuhn, Ray C— Pvt., Co. G, 345th. 
 Kujawa, Stanley— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry. 
 Kulakowski, Bernard J. — Pvt., Co. A, 306th Infantry, 
 
 3d Platoon. 
 Kuma, Antoni — Pvt., WA. 
 
 Kumbra, Stanley — 20th Trench Mortar Battery. 
 Kumpf, Clarence J. — Mech. W. 
 Kumpf, Edward J.— Pvt., 47th Battalion, Camp Dlx. 
 Kumpf, George J. — Pvt., Ambulance, 307th. 
 Kumpf, Raymond — Pvt., Co. F, 312th Engineers. 
 Kuney, Gerrans D.— Mess Sgt., Wagon Co. G, 303d 
 
 Ammunition Train. 
 Kunnert, Alfred— Pvt., 21st Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Kuntz, Henry— Pvt., 7th Co, 155th Depot Brigade. 
 Kunz, David L. — Pvt., Utilities, Quartermasters Corps 
 
 Camp Jackson. 
 Kunz, Leo H. — Sgt., School for Aerial Photography. 
 Kunz, Philip V.— Ch. Mech. WA. 
 Kunz, William— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. 
 Kunze, Allen G — Corp. 
 
 Kunze, Floyd— Pvt., Co. I, 11th Infantry S. M. C. 
 Kuppinger, Walter F.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Kura, Lawrence— Pvt., Co. H, 307th Infantry. 
 Kurek, Anthony— Ist-class Pvt., Co. G, 306th Infantry, 
 
 WA August 21, 1918., Bazoches. 
 Kurowski, Joseph— Pvt., Co. A, 328th Infantry, WA 
 
 October 14, 1918. 
 Kurowski, Steve — 346th Infantry. 
 Kurowski, Anthony— Pvt., Co. L. WA Nov. 1, 1918. 
 Kurtz, Elmer W.— Pvt., Battery C, 104th F. A. 
 Kurtzmann, Christian — 1st Lieut., Co. D, 303d Supply 
 
 Train. 
 Kurtzman, Harry J.— 1st Cook, Co. E, 403d Telegraph 
 
 Battalion. 
 Kurtzworth, Albert — Pvt., Aviation Camp. 
 Kurz, Joseph F.— Corp., 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 Kurz, Leo — Pvt. 
 Kuschel, Alexander — Pvt., 
 Kuster, Harry— Pvt., Co. C, 214th Engineers. 
 Kuster, John F.— Pvt., Headquarters, 51st Infantry. 
 Kuster, Joseph S.— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. 
 Kuster, Percy— Cook, 459th M. T. C. 
 Kusz, Joseph F.— Pvt., Headquarters, 51st Pioneer Inf. 
 Kusowski, Stanley— 356th Depot Brigade. 
 Kuczynski, Vincent— Pvt., Co. G, 338th Infantry. 
 Kutor, John— Pvt., 64th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Kurowski, Anthony — Pvt., WA. 
 Kuzniarek, Stanley— Sgt., 27th Field Artillery Band. 
 Kwaezala, Walter— Pvt., Co. C, 10th Engineers. 
 
 Kwapich, Joseph — 306th Field Artillery. 
 
 Kwapiszewski, Ed. A.— Pvt., Co. D, 303d Am. Train. 
 
 Kwasmiewski, Alex. — Pvt., 75th Co., 18th Battalion. 
 
 Kwasmiewski, Frank — Pvt., Co. C, 1st U. S. Infantry. 
 
 Kwasnicwoki, Alex. — 75th Co., 18th Bat. Syracuse. 
 
 Kwasnicwski, Frank — 157th Brigade. 
 
 Kwiatek, Ignatius — Pvt., Co. H, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Kwiatkowski, Ignatius — Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Kwiatkowski, John — Corp., WA. 
 
 Kwiatkowski, John B. — Pvt., Quartermasters Corps. 
 
 Kwiatkowski, Bronislaw — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Kwiatkowski, Stephen G.— Pvt., Co. E, 425th Tele- 
 phone Battalion. 
 
 Kwiecien, Powel — Camp Merge, WA. 
 
 Kurecinski, Joseph — Pvt., Co. F, 330th Infantry. 
 
 Kwiczoba, Frank — Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Kryszlafkiewicz, Rannold A.— Co. A, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Keough, William— Pvt., Co. C, 166th U. S. Infantry. 
 
 Labertine, Anthony— Pvt., Battery F, 336th F. A. 
 
 Labertine, Nicholas F.— Pvt., Co. C, 327th Infantry. 
 
 La Croix, Wilbert E. — Pvt., Quartermasters Corps. 
 
 Laddori, Vittoria— Pvt. WA October 25, 1918. 
 
 Laduca, Jos. P. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps. 
 
 LaDuca, Natal M.— WA. 
 
 LaDuca, Russell J.— Pvt. Co. K, 345th Infantry. 
 
 LaDzunski, John — Pvt. WA. 
 
 LaDwinker, Henry G.— Pvt., Co. K, 306th Infantry. 
 WA September 28, 1918. 
 
 Laffermara, A. — Pvt. 
 
 Laffin, John E. — Pvt., Medical Detachment Base Hosp. 
 
 Lafond, George E.— Sgt., 27th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Lagreca, John — Pvt., 40th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Lagreca, Salvator — Pvt., Medical Corps. 
 
 Lahey, Frank E., Jr.— Pvt., Co. H, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Lahey, Jos. M. — Sgt., 74th Infantry, 102d Headquarters 
 Train Sanitary Detachment. 
 
 Lahrs, Norman C. — Pvt., Provost Guard Co. 
 
 Laird, John G.— Co. D5, H. A. C. 1, Medical Corps. 
 
 Lake, Austin R.— Sgt., Co. B, 344th Battalion Tank 
 Corps. 
 
 Lake, Richard A. — Corp., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 
 LaMarco, Angelo — Pvt., WA. 
 
 Lamb, Elmer W.— Pvt., Co. D, 347th Infantry, WA. 
 
 Lamacusa, Francisco — Pvt., WA. 
 
 Lambour, Alfred V.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. C, 306th In- 
 fantry. WA September 10, 1918. 
 
 Lambrix, Eugene J. — Pvt., Co. B, 335th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. 
 
 Lambrix, Raymond J. — Corp., 75th, 18th Battalion. 
 
 Lambrix, Otto H.— 1st Lieut., 3d Co., 2d M. M. 
 
 Lamey, Martin J. — Pvt., Headquarters, 147th Infantry. 
 
 Lamphier, William H. — Pvt., Unassigned. 
 
 Lampke, Jos. H. — Pvt., Base Hospital, Camp Dix. 
 
 Lampkey, John — Pvt., WA. 
 
 Lampke, Louis— Pvt., Co. C. WA November 11, 1918. 
 
 Lance, Chas. F.— Corp., 74th Band. 
 
 Lance, James J. — WA August 13, 1918. 
 
 Landahl, Frederick E. — Pvt., U. S. General Hospital 
 Corps. 
 
 Lander, Albert— Sgt., WA. 
 
 Landers, Jos. A. — Pvt., Co. I, 331st Infantry. 
 
560 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Landers, Walter H. — Pvt., 648th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Landon, Howard J. — Headquarters, 327th Inf. WA. 
 
 Landon, Fred — Corp. WA. 
 
 Landsittel, Chester M.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Lane, John P.— Pvt., A. G. D. 
 
 Laney, Arthur D. — Aviator, 879th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Lang, Edward — Pvt., 302d Engineers. 
 
 Lang, Gerhard J.— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Lang, George A. — Pvt., Co. E, Motor Repair Unit 
 
 329. WA. 
 Lang, Harry W.— Sgt. WA. 
 
 Lang, George J. — Pvt., 13th Reg't., Heavy Machine Gun. 
 Lang, Henry Z.— Pvt., Co. K, 308th Infantry. WA 
 
 August 24, 1918. 
 Landaw, Fred — Corp., Co. M, 3d Division. WA July 
 
 24, 1918. 
 Lang, Henry F. W.— Pvt., Co. B, M. T. C. 321. 
 Lang, Herbert J. — Pvt., Co. A, 303 Ammunition Train. 
 Lang, John H. — Pvt., Base Hospital 23. 
 Lang, Walter C— Pvt., Co. C, o8th Engineers. 
 Lang, William A. — Corp., 4th Battalion. 
 Lang, William J.— Pvt., 312th Field Hospital. 
 Langdon, Eugene — Farrier Troop C, 17th Cavalry. 
 Langdon, Joseph — Cadet, Signal Corps. 
 Lange, Alexander A.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry, WA. 
 Lange, Arthur V. — Sgt-Maj., Headquarters, 81st Div. 
 Lange, Frank — Pvt., Headq'rs, Signal Dept., 18th Inf. 
 Lange, Frank — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Langen, William A. — Ist-class Pvt., Brooklyn Bakery. 
 Langenbach, Edward F. — Corp., Headq'rs., 35th. F. A. 
 Langenbach, Leo J. — Corp., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 Langermann, John — Corp., Co. I, 36th Infantry. 
 Langermann, Julius C. — Pvt., 34th Co. 9th Battalion. 
 Langley, Henry W. — WA. 
 Langman, Errol C. — Pvt., 15th Aero Const. 
 Langmeyer, Bernard J. — Pvt., Medical Detachment. 
 Langner, Victor E. — Corp., 9th Convalescent Group. 
 Lanigan, James W. — Corp., 308th Machine Gun Bat. 
 Laninik, Leo — Pvt. WA. 
 Lankes, Anthony G.— Pvt., Co. B, 18th Infantry, WA 
 
 July 18th, October 4, 1918. 
 Lankes, Edmund W.— Pvt., Co. A, 303d Am. Train. 
 Lankes, Mathew S.— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry. 
 Lanning, Leo — Pvt., 311th Infantry. 
 Lansill, Bradbury B.— Pvt., 106th Supply Train. 
 Lansinger, Frank— Sgt., Co. M, 18th Infantry. WA. 
 Lant, John R.— Pvt., 5th Field Artillery. 
 Lanza, Vincent — Pvt., 4th Regiment, 153d Depot Brig. 
 Lopadura, Joseph — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Lapadura, Vincent — Pvt., 358th Bakery Co. 
 Lapczewski, Emil V. — Corp., Motor Transport Corps. 
 Laplaca, J. H. — Corp. 
 Laport, R. G. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps. 
 LaReau, Arthur J.— Sgt., Co. C, 335th Battalion. 
 Larelle, John P. — Pvt., Headquarters, 327th Infantry. 
 
 WA October 18, 1918. 
 Larivey, Edward A. — Wagoner, Supply Co., 311th Inf. 
 Larkin, J. Leonard— Pvt., Battery D, 335th F. A. 
 Larkin, William F.— Pvt., 17th Co. 157th Depot Brig. 
 Larned, Anne M. — Nurse, Reconstruction Aide, Base 
 
 Hospital 5. 
 
 Larson, William N. — Lieut., Ordnance A. S. 
 
 Lasek, Thomas — Pvt., Co. H, 2d Battalion Proving 
 Grounds. 
 
 Lasek, Walter— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Laska, Anthony — Pvt., 12th Cavalry. 
 
 Laska, Frank— Pvt. WA October 14, 1918. 
 
 Laskowski, Walter — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Lass, John R. — Pvt., 40th Ambulance Corps. 
 
 Laszewski, Francis B. — Pvt., 334th Field Artillery. 
 
 Latke, John J.— Pvt., 17th Battalion, 153d Depot Brig. 
 
 LaTour, Douglas T.— Pvt., Co. K, 3d Battalion. 
 
 Latz, Louis R. — Musician, 55th Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Latzer, Leo B. — Pvt., Co. A, 6th Anti- Air craft. 
 
 Laude, C. Hamilton — Pvt., 669th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Laudan, Howard J. — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Lauflfer, Edwin J. — Pvt., Headquarters, 25th Artillery. 
 
 Lauffer, Fred E.— Pvt., 312th Field Hospital, 303d 
 Sanitary Train. 
 
 Launspach, Chester— Pvt., 2, N. A. R. D. T. C. 
 
 Laughrey, Allen J. — Pvt., Headq'rs, Inf. Replacement. 
 
 Lauth, Edward V.— Sgt., 303d Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Lauth, George W.— Pvt., Co. D, 312th Am. Train. 
 
 Lautz, Carl F.— Sgt., Co. H, 311th Infantry WA Nov- 
 ember 1, 1918. 
 
 Lautz, Edw. G. — 1st Lieut., Ordnance Department. 
 
 Lautz, George A., Jr.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Lautz, Henry E. — Sgt., 2d Co., 71st Engineers. 
 
 Lautz, Theodore V. V. — 1st Lieut., Air Service. 
 
 Laux, Charles D.— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Laux, Harold W.— Pvt., Co. C, 303d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Laux, Herbert B.— Capt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Lavery, David P. — Sgt., Stevedores. 
 
 Lavery, Joseph E. — Pvt., 4th Field Artillery. W. 
 
 Lavery, William G.— Pvt., Co. D, 102d Engineers. 
 
 Law, James H. — Pvt., 31st Balloon Co. 
 
 LaWall, Winfred N. — Corp., 29th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Lawe, Alphonse F. — Bugler, Co. B, 12th Am. Train. 
 
 Lawiski, Tony — Pvt., 55th Engineers. 
 
 Lawler, John P.— Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Lawler, John K. — Pvt., 4th Co., Coast Artillery Corps. 
 
 Lawless, John J. — Ist-class Sgt., Construction 9,A.S.S.C. 
 
 Lawless, Thomas J., Jr. — Pvt. W. 
 
 Lawrence, Christopher — Pvt., Battery C, 65th F. A. 
 
 Lawrence, Elmer M. — Pvt., Fire Truck Hose 324. 
 
 Lawrence, James N. — Capt., Chemical Warfare Service. 
 
 Lawrence, William C— Pvt., 10th Co., 3d Infantry. 
 
 Lawrencel, William H. — Corp. WA. 
 
 Lawski, Stanley— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Lawson, Donald M. — Signaler, Canadian 133d Battalion 
 
 Lawson, Frederick — Cook, 468th Engineers. 
 
 Lawson, John — Wagoner, 304th Machine Gun Bat. 
 
 Lawson, William M.— Pvt., Co. H, 303d Am. Train. 
 
 Lawton, Paul 0. — Corp., Co. D, 52d Coast Artillery. 
 
 Layton, Francis C. — Inst., Co. L, Aero Squadron. 
 
 Layton, Harry E. — Wagoner, 131st Machine Gun Bat. 
 
 Lazarus, Charles J. — Sgt., 5th Division, 9th Brigade, 
 14th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 
 Lazewski, Ignatz — Pvt., 334th Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Lazewski, Stanley A. — Pvt., 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Lazier, Lawrence W. — Corp., R. U. 304 Motor Trans- 
 port Corps. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 561 
 
 Lazzario, Giuseppe — Pvt. WA. 
 Ldrojewski, J. — Pvt., Headquarters, Camp Eustin. 
 Leahy, Dennis J. — Pvt., 306th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 Leahy, Patrick J.— Pvt., Co. E, 347th Infantry. 
 Leahy, James J.— Pvt., Co. C, 333d Battalion Tank 
 
 Corps. 
 Learns, Albert C. — Pvt., Headq'rs, 11th Reg. Art. 
 Learman, Bertram H.— Corp., Battery F, 106th F. A. 
 Leary, Frank J. — Pvt., 307th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 
 WA June 24, 1918. 
 Leary, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. H, 346th Infantry. 
 Leary, George A. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. A, 49th Infantry. 
 Leary, .John J.^Pvt. WA July 18, 1918. 
 Leary, Lawrence J. — Pvt., 351st Infantry. 
 Leary, Robert — Ist-class Sgt., 2d Aero Squadron. 
 Leary, Stephen J.— Pvt., Co. C, 61st Infantry. WA 
 
 September 2, 1918. 
 Leary, WilHam D.— Pvt., 191st A. S. 
 Leahy, William J.— Wagoner, Co. H, 309th Infantry. 
 Leavery, Joseph E. — Pvt., 4th Field Artillery. WA 
 
 October 5, 1917. 
 Leavy, Joseph — Corp., Aircraft Service. 
 Leavy, Stephen J. — Pvt., 61st Infantry. 
 Leber, Frank — Pvt., 1st Cavalry Supply Troop. 
 Lebert, Charles— Pvt. WA. 
 Lebert, Harry F.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. 
 Lecci, Salvatore J.— Pvt., Co. C, 339th Battalion Tank 
 
 Corps. 
 Lechner, Joseph — Pvt., 498th Aero Squadron. 
 Leddick, Lawson W.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 
 WG .July, 1918. 
 Ledwin, Joseph — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Ledwon, Adam — Pvt., Co. F, 302d Ammunition Train. 
 Lee, Frank M.— Pvt., 120th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 
 WG July, 1918. 
 Lee, Frederick A. — Regimental Sgt.-Major, Head- 
 quarters, 157th Depot Brigade. 
 Lee, James F. — Corp., 172d Aero Squadron. 
 Lee, John R.— Sgt., Battery E, 303d Field Artillery. 
 Lee, Harry L.— Mech., Battery E, 35th Field Artillery. 
 Leeming, John H. — Capt., A. G. O. 
 Lefczyk, Paul A.— Corp., Co. K, 164th Infantry. 
 LeFevre, Alois A. — Pvt., Co. C, 4th Engineers Infantry. 
 
 WA July 18, 1918. 
 LeFevre, Lawrence W. — Pvt., N. T. C. Infantry. 
 Leflfers, John G. — H. A., Quantico, Va. 
 Leary, John J.— Pvt., Co. E, 7th Infantry. W June 7, 
 
 1918. 
 LefHer, Compton— Sgt., Co. D, S. A. T. C. 
 Lehmann, J. Arthur — Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Lehmon, Frank, Aero Squadron "C." W. 
 Lehman, Myron G. — Capt., Ordnance Dept. 
 Lehman, Peter W.— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry. 
 Lehman, William — Pvt., Headquarters, 311th Infantry. 
 Lehner, Frank— Pvt., Battery D, 60th Field Artillery. 
 Lehner, Fred— Pvt., Co. D, 303d Ammunition Train. 
 Lehner, John— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry. 
 Lehr, Henry C— Pvt., 61st Infantry. 
 Lehr, Peter— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Lehrback, Warren W. — Sgt., 303d Engineers. 
 Leich, Oscar F.— Pvt., 428th Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Leininger, Chester H. — Pvt., 83d Spruce Squadrons. 
 
 Leipler, Leo — Pvt., Aux. Remount Depot. 
 
 Leich, Oscar F.— Pvt., 428th Motor Transport Corp. 
 
 Leigh, Lansford L. — Pvt., Base Hospital 68. 
 
 Leins, Alfred— Pvt., 306th Infantry. W. 
 
 Leiphart, Frederick — Pvt., Camp Humphreys, Va. 
 
 Leiser, Fred A. — Corp., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Leising, August — Pvt., Motor Truck Co., 469. 
 
 Leising, Leo N. — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Leisner, Ernest — Pvt., 6th Co., Separate Battalion. 
 
 Leisner, Louis M. — Pvt., Headquarters, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Leiter, Russell J.— Pvt., 0. T. C. Camp Hancock, Ga. 
 
 Leiter, Walter — Pvt., Aux. Remount Depot 307. 
 
 Leith, John — Pvt. 
 
 Lelonck, Max S.— Pvt. 21st, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 LeMallette, R. — Pvt., 12th Ammunition Train. 
 
 Leman, Chas. W.— Pvt., Co. C, 8th Machine Gun Bat- 
 talion. WA September, 1918. 
 
 Leman, Harold J.— Pvt., Co. C, 18th. WA .July 18, 1918. 
 
 Lembardo, Eugenio — Pvt., Co. I. 
 
 Lembisz, B. — Pvt., Medical Corps 13. 
 
 Lembisz, Michael A. — Pvt., Co. B, Ordnance Dept. 
 
 Lembke, Arthur H.— Pvt., Co. D, 318th Engineers. 
 
 Lemkey, John F.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. WA 
 October 20, 1918. 
 
 Lemme, Christ— Pvt., Supply Co., 36th Field Artillery. 
 
 Lenahan, William — Corp., Co. D, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Lenahan, Raymond— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Lendrim, John S. — Corp., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Lene, Fred— Sgt., Co. C, 31st Battalion U. S. Guards. 
 
 Lener, Henry L.— Pvt., Co. C, U. S. Guards. 
 
 Lener, Leon J. — Pvt., Co. I, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Lennartz, Joseph A. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. E, 335th F. A. 
 
 Lennon, Harold J. — Pvt., Co. E, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Lennon, John E. — Pvt., Headquarters, Uth F. A. 
 
 Lennon, James J. — Pvt., WA. 
 
 Lennon, William T.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Lentini, Anthony — Pvt., Co. D, 335th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. 
 
 Lentz, Richard P.— Pvt., Co. F, 148th Infantry. 
 
 Lenz, Helmuth C. — Sgt. 
 
 Leonard, Charles J. — Ist-class Sgt., Ordnance Headq'rs. 
 
 Leonard, Edward F.— Pvt., Co. E, 109th Engineers. 
 
 Leonard, Edward W.— Pvt., 26th Infantry. 
 
 Leonovitch, Steve— Pvt., Co. M, 11th Infantry. WG 
 October 15, 1918. 
 
 Leonard, James C. — Sgt., 24th Co., 153d Depot Brig. 
 
 Leonard, Ralph J.— Pvt., Co. G, 309th Infantry. WA 
 October 1918. 
 
 Leprell, Lawrenz — Pvt., Co. F, 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Lergenmiller, O. H. — Pvt., Headquarters, 311th Eng. 
 
 Lerner, Frank X.— Pvt., 5th Co., C. A. C. 
 
 Lerner, Michael M.— Cook, Battery E, 8th F. A. 
 
 Lesch, Gersham, A. R.— Sgt., 11th Co., 153d Depot Brig. 
 
 Lesinski, John E. — Pvt., Co. C, 87th Division. 
 
 Leslie, Fred W.— Pvt., Co. D, 108th Machine Gun Bat. 
 
 Lester, R. Anton — Pvt., Headquarters, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Lester, Earl J. — Corp., 32d Co., Machine Gun Bat. 
 
 Lester, Earl V. — Sgt., Provision Supply Train. 
 
 Lesswing, Edward F. — Pvt., 319th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Lettieri, Domenick A.— Pvt., 69th A. S. 
 
562 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Lettieri, Vito A.— Pvt., 347th Infantry. 
 
 Lesucowski, Stanley J. — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Letzln, John N.— Pvt., Unit 382, Camp Dix. 
 
 Lent, August P. — Corp., Quartermasters Corps. 
 
 Leuer, Leon J. — Pvt. WA 
 
 LeValley, Gifford— Pvt. 
 
 Levea, Frank W.~Corp., Co. B, 17th Machine Gun Bat. 
 
 Levelle, John P.—Pvt., Headq'rs, 327th Inf. WA. 
 
 Levey, Sheldon B. — Corp., Headquarters, 828th Inf. 
 
 Levey, Sidney F. — Corp., Headquarters 328th Infantry. 
 
 WA November 10, 1918. 
 Levis, Roland W. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. F, 2d Engineers. 
 Levy, Charles F.— Pvt., Troop C, 2d Cavalry. 
 Levy, Max E. — Sgt., Medical Supply Depot. 
 Levy, Thomas E. — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 Lewandowski, Adam J. — Pvt., Salvage Division Quar- 
 termasters Corps. 
 Lewandowski, Andrew — Pvt., 54th Engineers. 
 Lewandowski, Anthonia — Pvt., 22d Co., 153d Depot 
 
 Brigade. 
 Lewandowski, Felix J.— Pvt., 9th Co., 3d Train Bat. 
 Lewandowski, Frank — Pvt., Quartermasters Corps. 
 Lewandowski, Frank — Pvt., Co. K, 13th Infantry. 
 Lewandowski, Frank J. — Pvt., Medical Corps, Camp 
 
 Jackson. 
 Lewandowski, Janatz J. — Pvt., Co. A, 5th Infantry. 
 Lewandowski, Louis F. — Battery F, 34th F. A. 
 Lewandowski, Stanley — Pvt., Co. K, 306th Infantry. 
 
 WA September 26, 1918. 
 Lewandowski, Vincent — Pvt., Co. B, 59th Infantry. 
 Lewandowski, William J. — Pvt., 9th Trench Mortar 
 
 Battery. 
 Lewenicht, Hy C. — Pvt., Hospital School. 
 Lewenicht, Herbert — Sgt., 309th Infantry Band. 
 Lewenicht, Raymond J. — Corp. WA. 
 Lewin, Sidney W. — Ist-class Pvt., Motor Truck 424. 
 Lewin, Thurber — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Lewis, Arthur L. — 1st Lieut., 31st Aero Squadron. 
 Lewis, Bernard J. — Ist-class Pvt., Medical Supply Depot. 
 Lewis, James H. — Capt., Medical Corps. 
 Lewis, Marcel C. — Signal Corps. WA Arras. 
 Lewis, Robert D. — Corp., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 
 WA November 1, 1918. 
 
 Cited for extraordinary heroism near Grand Pre, France, October 
 27, 1918 and received D. S. C. 
 
 Lewis, Wallace S. — Pvt., 1st Army Depot Battalion. 
 
 Lewis, William D. — Pvt., 248th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Lewis, William E.— Sgt., Co. E, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Lewis, William F. — Sgt., Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Ley, Sylvester J. — Baker, 2d Rect. Regulars. 
 
 Ley craft, George H. — Aviation. 
 
 Liaros, Cosmos — Pvt., 8th Co., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Licato, Vincenzio — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Lichenthal, Albert J. — Sgt., Air Service. 
 
 Lichtenthal, Nicholas — Pvt., Air Service. 
 
 Lichtenwalter, William — Pvt. 
 
 Liddle, Alfred F. — Corp., Medical Corps. 
 
 Liddle, Raymond — Pvt., Co. A, 87th Engineers. 
 
 Lieberman Wm. F.— Sgt., Co. L, 361 Infantry. WA 
 
 September 30, 1918. 
 Liebler, George — Pvt., 9th Trench Mortar Battery. 
 
 Lieder, Charles J. — Corp., Co. E, 138th Engineers. 
 
 Lieder, Christ J. — Corp., Co. E, 26th Engineers. 
 
 Lieder, Henry J. — Pvt., 321st Aero Squadron. 
 
 Lieder, Oscar — Pvt., 302d Sanitary Train. 
 
 Liedy, Tris E. — Pvt. ,27th Division Headquarters Troop. 
 
 Lienert, Frank G.— Bugler, Battery F, 335th F. A. 
 
 Lightman, Albert S. — Pvt., 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Lillis, George F. — Pvt., 41st Railroad Artillery. 
 
 Lillis, John J. — Pvt., Co. F, 304th Ammunition Train. 
 
 Lima, Sam — Co. K, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Limburg, Fred F.— Pvt., Co. C, 335th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. 
 
 Limburg, Herbert G. — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Limburg, Jacob A.— Pvt., Co. M, 319th Infantry. 
 
 Limburg, William— Sgt., Co. G, 309th Infantry. WA 
 October, 1918. 
 
 Limer, Jospeh — Pvt., Quartermasters Corps. 
 
 Linabury, Lloyd B. — 2d Lieut., Transport. WA August, 
 1918. 
 
 Linburg, Christ G.— Pvt., 10th Co., Motor Truck. 
 
 Linburg, Elmer H.— Pvt., Tank Corps., 307. 
 
 Lindahl, Geo W. — Sgt., Mechanical Repair Unit. 
 
 Lindaner, Charles— Pvt., 10th Co., 4th Regular M. M. 
 Air Service. 
 
 Lindehe, Chas. Herman — Pvt., Quartermasters Corps. 
 
 Lindgren, Harold R.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Lindgren, Lennart J. — Lieut., Dental Detachment. 
 
 Linhardt, John C. — Wagoner Co. A, 304th Machine 
 Gun Battalion. 
 
 Lindholm, Carl — Pvt., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Lindner, A. M. — Sgt., Co. A, 61st Infantry. 
 
 Lindner, George J. — Quartermasters Corps, Mech. Re- 
 pair Shop 302. 
 
 Lindner, Mathew — Sgt., Headquarters Co., 311th Inf. 
 
 Lindsay, Norman D. — Sgt., 21st Co., Quartermasters 
 Corps. 
 
 Linford, Ernst H. — Corp., 312 Ammunition Train. 
 
 Linford, John W. — Master Engineer, 437th Detach- 
 ment, Engineer Corps. 
 
 Ling, George M. — Pvt., Co. E, 5th Division. 
 
 Link, Frederick George — Lieut., Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Link, George William — Sgt. 
 
 Link, Robert L. — Corp., Battalion 2, 153d Depot Brig. 
 
 Link, William J.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Linklater, Eugene R. — Lieut., Medical Corps. 
 
 Linn, James Q. 
 
 Linneman, Ben. 
 
 Linraker, William. 
 
 Lipczyinski, John F. — Corp., Co. M, 51st Infantry. 
 
 Lipcynski, Helene M. — Army Nurse, Unit 68. 
 
 Lipiasz, Wojciech — Pvt., Co. E, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Lipp, Art — Ass't Steward, Provisional Exchange De- 
 tachment. 
 
 Lipp, Edward M. — Corp., 680 Aero Squadron. 
 
 Lipp, Frank C. — Pvt., Co. L, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Lipp, Raymond — Chauffeur Headquarters Co., 302d 
 Signal Battalion. 
 
 Lipp, Raymond L. — Pvt., Co. C, 302d Am. Train. 
 
 Lips, Herbert H.— Pvt., Squad D, Wright Field. 
 
 Lis, Joseph J.— Pvt., Co. C, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Lisica, John — Pvt. W. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 563 
 
 Lisiewski, John — Pvt., Co. D, 104th Ammunition train. 
 
 Lisiewski, Peter — Pvt., Quartermasters Corps. 
 
 Lisiewski, S. B. — Pvt., Battery C, 5th Depot Brigade. 
 
 Lisinski, Anthony — Pvt., Co. L, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Lisoveghe, John — Pvt. 
 
 Litchner, Albert F.— Pvt., Co. G, 30th Infantry. WA. 
 October 9, 1918. 
 
 Litchner, Paul J. — Pvt., Co. C, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Litchner, WiUiam— Pvt., Co. A, 48th Battalion. 
 
 Litka, Maxwell — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Litka, William— Pvt., Battery E, 8th Field Artillery. 
 
 Littlefield, Charles A. — Ist-class, Pvt. 35th Service Co., 
 S. C. 
 
 Littlefield, Ray J. — Corp., War Risk Insurance. 
 
 Littlefield, Martin J.— Sgt., Infantry, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Litzburg, George N. — Ist-class Pvt., 21st Co., Proving 
 Ground. 
 
 Litzburg, Ray W.— Corp., 311th Infantry. WA Sept- 
 ember 23, 1918. 
 
 Livingston, John W.— Pvt., Truck 2, 12 Am. Train. 
 
 Livingston, John — Pvt., 1st Co., C. A. C. 
 
 Lobach, William H.— Sgt., Co. D, 309th Infantry. WA 
 October 24, 1918. 
 
 Lobbett, Howard A. — Corp., Headquarters, Motor 
 Transport Unit, 83d Division. 
 
 Lobczowski, Joseph — Pvt., Co. H, 326th Infantry. 
 
 Lobilo, Ludwig — Pvt., Headquarters, 328th Infantry. 
 WG September 19, 1918. 
 
 Locher, Andrew L. — Pvt., 6th Ordnance Co. 
 
 Locher, Joseph C. — 1st Sgt., 47th Co., 12th Battalion, 
 Camp Dix. 
 
 Lock, Andrew J. — Pvt., Battery D, 2d First Army Re- 
 placement Depot. 
 
 Lochnicht, J. G. — Pvt., Detachment 4, Bureau of 
 Aircraft Production. 
 
 Lochte, Arthur J.— Corp., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Lockwood, Samuel — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Locny, Stanislaus — Pvt., Co. R, 4th Battalion Ord- 
 nance Detachment. 
 
 Loder, Walter T.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Lods, Benjamin W.—Pvt., Co. D, 302 Engineers. WA. 
 
 Loebiecki, Frank — Pvt., 109th Spruce Squadron. 
 
 Loebs, Frank — Pvt., 1st Utilities, Quartermasters Corps. 
 
 Loeffler, George J.— Pvt., Headquarters, 308th F. A. 
 
 Loeffler, Samuel J.— Pvt., Co. A, 308th Engineers. 
 
 Loepere, Clarence H. — Pvt., Quartermasters Corps. 
 
 Loepere, Clinton H. — Corp., Co. E, 9th. 
 
 Loesch, Alvin C. — Pvt., Ordnance Depot 2. 
 
 Loesch, August — Pvt., Headquarters, 22d Infantry. 
 
 Loftus, John v.— Corp., Co. B, 16th Battalion. 
 
 Loftus, Thomas— Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Loftus, William D. — Corp. 
 
 Logan, Bennie— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry. WA 
 September 5, 1918. 
 
 Logan, Frank J.— Pvt., 2d Ordnance Guard Co. 
 
 Logan, Robert— Pvt., Co. E, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Logrippa, Vito— Pvt., Co. I, 330th Infantry. 
 
 Loguidice, Paolo — Pvt., 5th S. Battalion. 
 
 Lohouse, George F.— 1st Sgt., Co. G, 74th. 
 
 Lojacano, Frank L., Jr. — Sgt., 2d Aero Company. 
 
 Lokay, Bronislaw J.— Pvt., 36th Co., 152d Depot Brig. 
 
 Lokay, Conrad F.— Pvt., 7th Co., 2d Training Bat. 
 Lofft, Bernard T. — Sgt., Headquarters, 328th Infantry. 
 Lofft, Leo J. — Ist-class Pvt., 133th Ambulance Co. 
 Loftus, John V. — Corp., Co. B, 16th Infantry. 
 Lofus, William D.— Corp., Co. D, 306th Infantry. WG 
 
 September 6, 1918. 
 Loga, John— Pvt., Co. E, 306th Infantry. 
 Logan, Harold B. — Lieut., Co. L, Rep. and Tr. Camp 
 
 Waco, Texas. 
 Logan, William J.— Pvt., Co. A, 8th M. G. Battalion. 
 Logue, Raymond D. — Pvt., Co. D, 209th Engineers. 
 Lohnes, Harry R. — Capt., Medical Corps. 
 Lojacono, Carl R.— Sgt., Co. D, S. A. T. C. 
 Lojacono, Vincent— Pvt., Co. B, S. A. T. C. 
 Lojacono, Salvator C. — 1st Lieut., Hospital Staff 8. 
 Lomanto, Cologero — Pvt., Co. F, 4th Infantry. 
 Lomanto, Louis — Pvt. WA. 
 Lomax, James — Pvt., Battery C, 30th Coast Artillery 
 
 Corps. 
 Lombardo, Charles — Pvt., Co. D, 345th Infantry. 
 Lombardo, Salvator — Corp. 
 Lombardo, Santo — Pvt., Con. Rec. Detachment. 
 Lombard, Jos A.— Pvt., 17th Bn. 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Lombard, Michael — Pvt., 410th Bakery Co. 
 Lonergan, James E. — Pvt., Co., D, 306th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. WA October 8, 1918. 
 Lonergan, John J. — Pvt., 16th Battalion, U. S. Guards. 
 Lonergan, James E. — Pvt. WA. 
 Lonergan, Pierce F. — Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry. 
 Long, Charles— Pvt., Battery B, 104th Field Artillery. 
 Long, Clare H. — Ist-class Pvt., Aviation. 
 Long, Clarence— Pvt.,Co. E, 16th U. S. Infantry. 
 Long, George H. — Pvt., 37th Coast Artillery Corps. 
 Long, John F.— Pvt., Co. B, 309th Infantry. 
 Long, Oscar- Pvt., Battery B, 104th Field Artillery. 
 Long, Herbert— Pvt., Battery B, 104th Field Artillery. 
 Long, John J.— Pvt., 12th Co., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 Long, Frank H.— 1st Lieut., Med. Detach., 76th F. A. 
 Lonien, Fred— Pvt., Battery C, 336th Field Artillery. 
 Lonkey, Millard W. — Corp. WA. 
 Loomis, John F. — 2d Lieut., Co. K, 331st Infantry. 
 Loomis, Wilfred H.— Corp., Co. A, 334th Battalion 
 
 Tank Corps. 
 Loonsk, Herman — Pvt., 312th Infantry. 
 Loos, E. G.— Corp., 12th Brigade, 36th Field Artillery. 
 Loos, Harold J. — Lieut., Quartermaster, Base Hosp. 72. 
 Lopresti, Carmelo— Pvt. WA October 9, 1918. 
 Lorecco, Sam— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry. 
 Lord, Frank— Pvt., 22d Co., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 Lord, Leo — Sgt., Candidate School. 
 Lorenz, George M. — Pvt., Medical Detach. Base Hosp. 
 Loricco, John J. — Pvt., Headquarters, BattaHon Band. 
 Lorig, John N. — Pvt. 
 Lorig, Mathias P.— Pvt., Co. K, 117th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 7, 1918. 
 Loring, Sydney — Pvt., Co. A, 101st Engineers. WG 
 
 March 29, 1918, September 21, 1918. 
 Lormor, Earl H. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps. 
 Loscher, Alfred W. C— Corp., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 LoTempio, Sam — Pvt., Camp Upton, N. Y. 
 Loth, Albert F.— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry. 
 
564 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Loth, Edwin L.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. 
 Lotz, Alexander J.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. F, 306th Inf. 
 Lotz, Hubert A.— Pvt., Co. M, 306th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 6, 1918. 
 Lotz, John — Pvt. 
 
 Lotz, Joseph — Pvt., Co. G, 306th Inf. Taken prisoner. 
 Lotz, Joseph — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Loughein, John H.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry. 
 Loughren, George J. — Pvt., Co. E, Infantry. 
 Lovallo, Vita — Pvt., Q. M. C, Camp Jackson. 
 Love, William — Pvt., Medical Unit. 
 Lovelace, Earl H.— Pvt. WA. 
 Lowe, Harold T.— Capt., Co. G, 104th Infantry. WA 
 
 April 13, 1918. 
 
 Awarded Croix de Guerre April 26, 1918,- recommended for Dis- 
 tinguised Service Cross. 
 
 Lowe, Frank— Pvt., Co. D, 303d Motor Supply. 
 Lowenstein, Edw. F.— Pvt., 4th Co., 1st Mech. Regt. 
 Lowenthal, Edgar — Rgt. Sgt. Maj., Personnel Office, 
 
 157th Depot Brigade. 
 Lowinski, Michael — Pvt., Co. H, 164th Infantry. 
 Lowry, Ambrose A.— 1st Sgt., 15th Co., 153d Depot Br. 
 Lowry, John M.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. D, 422d Field 
 
 Signal Battalion. 
 Loyall, Luther L.— Pvt., 45th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Laysen, Roy J.— Pvt., 307th Infantry. 
 Lubanski, Wladyslaw— Pvt., 20th Co., 153d Depot Br. 
 Lubbert, Fred. H.— Ist-class Pvt., Headq'rs, 311th Inf. 
 Lubby, Charles E.— Pvt., Co. H, 11th Infantry. 
 Lubecki, Casimer— Pvt., 9th Co., 306th Infantry. 
 Lubecki, Casimer — Pvt. Taken prisoner. 
 Luber, George S.— Pvt. WA. 
 Lubick, Nathan~Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 Lucas, Michael — Officers' Training School, F. A. 
 Lucke, Peter— Pvt., Co. H, 87th Division. 
 Lucyak, Leo. J.— Pvt., Q. M. C. 
 Lude, William J.— Sgt., Co. C, 312th Am. Train. 
 Ludeman, Alfred C— Pvt., Co. L, 307th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 4, 1918. 
 Ludwig, Edgar V. — Syracuse Rec. Camp. 
 Ludwig, John— Pvt., Battery E, 334th Field Artillery. 
 Ludwig, Howard J. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps. 
 Ludwig, William E. — Corp., 306th Inf. Taken prisoner. 
 Luedke, Arthur H.— Pvt., Co. L, 23d Engineers. 
 Luer, Walter T.— Sgt., 4th Infantry. 
 Luezkowski, Casimer — Pvt., 302d Engineers. 
 Luh, Chas. E.— Pvt., 55th Balloon Co. 
 Luippold, Otto J. — Pvt., Headquarters, 347th Infantry. 
 Luka, Kaiser — WA February 1918. 
 Luka, Stanley— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. 
 Lukaszewski, Andrew A. — Pvt., 346th Infantry. 
 Lukaszewzki, George — Pvt., Co. H, 59th Pioneer Inf. 
 Lukaszewski, Leo L.— Pvt., Co. H, T. C, 35th Rgt. 
 Lukaszewski, Leon — Pvt., Co. B, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Luksch, Alphonse S.— Pvt., 20th Co., T. M. B. 
 Luksch, Frank J.— Sgt., Co. D, 309th Infantry. WG 
 
 October 18, 1918. 
 Luksch, Joseph L.— Pvt., Battery E, 35th F. A. 
 Lull, Walter S.— Pvt., Co. B, 74th Infantry. 
 Lumley, Harold T.— Pvt. Co. F, 102d Engineers. WG 
 
 October 5, 1918. 
 
 Lumley, Herbert C. — Sgt., 192d Aero Squadron. 
 
 Lumpp, Frederick D. — Baker, Receiving Ship. 
 
 Lund, Gordon — Pvt., Co. D, 114th Engineers. 
 
 Lund, Russell G.— Corp., Co. A, 302d Infantry. 
 
 Lund, William R.— Corp., Co. D, 302d Engineers. WG 
 September 10, 1918. 
 
 Lundquist, Hjalmar T.— Pvt., 307th Tank Corps. 
 
 Lunz, William A.— Pvt., Battery E, 335th F. A. 
 
 Luongo, Clement P. O. D. T. C. 
 
 Lurkey, William C— Rgt. Sgt. Maj., Co. B, 303d Engrs. 
 
 Lus, John J.— Pvt., Battery B, 102d Field Artillery. 
 WG October 11, 1918. 
 
 Lusing, Lawrence A. — Pvt., Co. L, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Luskin Morris— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Luszck, Julius — Pvt., Co. I, 331st Infantry. 
 
 Lutz, Edward — Pvt., Co. D, 3d Brig., Machine Gun 
 Battalion. WA May 28, 1918. 
 
 Lux, John W. — Corp., 72d Aero Squadron. 
 
 Lux, Raymond P.— Corp., Co. M, 326th Infantry. 
 
 Luxenburg, Forest H. — Pvt., Battery A, 4th Artillery. 
 
 Lyczynski, John F.— Pvt., Co. F, WA October 30, 1918. 
 
 Lyman, Arthur C— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Field Sig. Batt'n. 
 
 Lyman, M. 
 
 Lynch, Ambrose M. — Wagoner, 2d Co., 2d Engineers. 
 WA July 19, 1918. 
 
 Lynch, Edward B.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. WA 
 October 18, 1918. 
 
 Lynch, Elmer J.— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Lynch, Frank M.— Ist-class Pvt., Battery A, 79th F. A. 
 
 Lynch, John A. — Lieut., Air Service. 
 
 Lynch, John F. — Co. A, 303d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Lynch, Leo V.— Corp., Co. D, 312th Ammunition Tr. 
 
 Lynch, Owen J. — Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Lynch, Raymond V. — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneer Inf. 
 
 Lynch, Walter E.— Mech., Co. G, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Lyon, C. S. — Lieut., Aviation. 
 
 Lyons, Albert— Pvt., Battery F, 336th Field Artillery. 
 
 Lyons, Daniel— Pvt., Co. A, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Lyons, William F.— Pvt., Co. A, Military Police, 3d Div. 
 
 Lyon.HiramW.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. (Williams). 
 
 Lyon, Irving P. — Major, Medical Corps. 
 
 Lyons, Harry F.— Pvt., Co. D, 136th Infantry. 
 
 Lyons, James J. — Pvt., Co. D, 5th Rgt., Medical Corps. 
 
 Lyons, John J. — Pvt., 241st Battalion, Scotch High- 
 landers. WA June 1917. 
 
 Lyons, Thomas A. D.— Pvt., Co. A, 16th Infantry. 
 
 Lyons, Thomas C— Pvt., 11th Co., 345th Infantry. 
 
 Lyons, Vincent S.— Pvt., I. R. D., Fort Edward. 
 
 Lytle, James H. — 2d Lieut., Air Service. 
 
 Lytle, Samuel S.— 302d Engineers. WA. 
 
 MacArthur, Charles P.— 2d Lieut., H'dq'rs, 311th F. A. 
 
 MacClelland, Lea H. — Pvt., Sanitary Squadron 44th. 
 
 McComber, Norman— Pvt., Co. B, 311th U. S. Inf. WA. 
 
 MacDonald, Archie R. — Pvt., Co. A, 53d Engineers. 
 
 Macdonald, Keith H. — Radio Electrician, 11th. 
 
 Macdonald, Malcomb — Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Macdonald, Neil — Aviator, Royal Flying Corps. 
 
 MacDonald, Lee B.— Pvt., Co. A, 303d Engineers. 
 
 MacDonell, Donald A.— Mech., Co. F, 309th. WA. 
 
 MacDougal, Neil — 1st Lieut., 314th Field Artillery. 
 
 MacDowell, James — Corp., Signal Corps, Holy Cross. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 565 
 
 MacDowell, Lawrence W. — Sgt., 330th A. C, Sanitary 
 Train 308th. 
 
 MacGregor, Fred E. — Corp., 5th M. 0. Repair Shop. 
 
 MacGregor, Roderick H. — Sgt., Co. A, 303d Engineers. 
 G October 29, 1918, Argonne. 
 
 Machemer, Walter L. — 1st Lieut., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Machreiner, Peter J.— Pvt., Battery E, 80th F. A. 
 
 Machriner, Joseph A. — Co. G, 351st Infantry. 
 
 Maciag, Albin— Pvt., Co. I, 166th Infantry. 
 
 Macijewski, Cassimer — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Maciejewski, Frank M. — Pvt., Battery B, 3d Regt. 
 
 Maciejewski, Joseph — Pvt., 93d Spruce Squadron. 
 
 Maciejewski, Zygmunt — Co. L, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Maciejewski, Steven — Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Macierowski, Frank — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Maciorowski, Frank — Co. A, 302d Engineeis Corp. WA. 
 
 Mack, Daniel J. — Sapper, British Royal Engineers. 
 
 Mack, Edward — Musician, 334 Field Artillery Band. 
 
 Mack, Frank J. — Sgt., Co. 33, Transport Corps. 
 
 Mack, George C— Pvt., Headq'rs, 307th Inf. G, WA. 
 
 Mack, John A.— Pvt., Co. F, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Mack, Wm. B.— Major, 308th Infantry. 
 
 Mackenzie, George — Sgt., Co. L, 5th Ohio Infantry. 
 
 Mackierowski, Frank — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Mackowiak, Frank — Pvt., Co. I, 53rd Infantry. 
 
 Mackowiak, Leon R. — Battery A, 2d Artillery. 
 
 MacLaughHn, Joseph J. — Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. 
 WA June 24, 1918. 
 
 Maclay, Donald E.— Corp. and Sgt., Co. H, 309th In- 
 fantry, 2d Lieut., Uth Infantry, Co. B. 
 
 MacLean, Frederick D.— Pvt., Co. E, 305th Infantry. 
 
 MacLean, Fred D.— Pvt., Co. E, 305th Infantry Q.M.C. 
 
 MacLowry, Ambrose A. — Pvt., 40th Co., 152d Depot 
 Brigade, Camp Upton. 
 
 MacLowry, James T. — 1st Sgt., 44th Service Co. 
 
 MacNabb, Alex B.— 1st Lieut., 10th U. S. Cavalry. 
 
 Macpherson, William J. — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Madden, Earl B. — Pvt., Quartermasters Corps. 
 
 Madden, Michael J. — Pvt., Quartermasters Corps. 
 
 Madden, Lawrence J. — Pvt., Battery E, 11th F. A. 
 
 Madden, John J.— Pvt., Co. G, 52d Infantry. 
 
 Madden, Harrison S. — Pvt., Co. E, 112 Engineers. 
 
 Madejczyk, Andrew — Pvt., Co. G, 59th Pioneers. 
 
 Maderer, Fred J.— Sgt., Co. C, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Maderer, Phillip G.— Sgt., Co. C, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Maddex, Joseph S.— Pvt., Co. I, 9th Infantry. 
 
 Madigan, Edw. C. — Corp., 331 Field Remount Squad. 
 
 Maedl, Frank C. — Pvt., Replacement Camp. 
 
 Magala, John — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Magavern, Willard J.— Pvt., Co. A, 338th B. T. N. 
 
 Magavern, William C. — 1st Lieut., Headq'rs, 304th Bat. 
 
 Magee, John L.— Pvt., M. G., 346th Infantry. 
 
 Magee, Joseph H.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Magee, William J. — Pvt., 101st Machine Gun Service, 
 Camp Wadsworth. 
 
 Mages, John W.— Pvt., Co. H, 306th. G. 
 
 Maggio, Bross, Musician, 87th, 312th Engineers. 
 
 Mahoney, Wm. — Pvt., 1st Army Replac'm't Draft, 307. 
 
 Maggio, Frank L. — Pvt., 4th Coast Artillery Corps. 
 
 Mahar, Martin M.— Pvt., Co., 5, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Maher, James — Corp., Co. D, 5th Anti-Aircraft. 
 
 Maher, James A. — Pvt., Co. H, 21st Engineers. 
 Maher, Joseph E.^Sgt., Co. B, 309th Infantry, G. 
 Maher, Matthew, F.— Corp., M. G., 147th Inf. G. 
 Mahlmeister, Isadora C— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Mahr, George — Pvt., Co. E, 118th Engineers. 
 Mahoney, Daniel J.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. 
 Mahoney, Frank R.— Pvt. WA. 
 Mahoney, George F. — Pvt., 4th Casual Co. 
 Mahoney, James E. — Pvt., Co. F, 147th Engineers. 
 Mahoney, James J. — Pvt., Coast Guard 7. 
 Mahoney, James T. — Sgt., 36th Balloon Co. 
 Mahoney, James H.— Sgt., Co. C, 306th Field Signal 
 
 Battalion. 
 Mahoney, Joseph J. — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneers. 
 Mahoney, Lucyan — Pvt. WA. 
 Mahoney, Timothy J.— Pvt., Co. E, 325th. WA. 
 Mahoney, Timothy A. — Pvt., Co. M, 118th Engineers. 
 Mahoney, Vincent M.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. ( Cornell ). 
 Mahoney, William J.— Corp., Co. F, 309th Inf., WA. 
 Mahoney, Wm. M.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Maier, Edwin G.— Pvt., 34th Balloon Co. 
 Maier, Max J. — Pvt., Co. A, 334th Machine Gun. 
 Maile, Valentine — Co. D, 93d Engineers. 
 Main, Glenn — Pvt., Co. H, 59th Pioneers. 
 Main, Raymond— Sgt., Troop Bat. A, 79th F. A. WA. 
 Main, Reuben A. — Pvt., Base Hospital. 
 Maisel, Henry — Pvt., 54th Engineers. 
 Majchizak, Michael — Pvt., 347th Infantry. 
 Majerowicz, Bronislaw — Co. M, 348th Infantry. 
 Majerowski, Frank — Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 Majewski, Anthony — Pvt., Headquarters, 306th Reg. 
 Majewski, Frank — Pvt., Co. C, 312 Engineers. 
 Majewicz, Kaiser — Co. A, 302 Engineers. WA. 
 Majkowski, Joseph — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Makely, Arthur H. — Pvt., Canadian Ry. Troops. G. 
 Makowiecki, Michael — Pvt., 162d Machine Gun Co. 
 Makowski, Herman F. — Co. B, 4th Am. Train. 
 Malachowski, Walter R.— Sgt., 6th Co., 303th M. T. C. 
 Malay, Daniel J.— Co. E, 348th Infantry. 
 Malay, William H.— Co. K, 348th Infantry. 
 Malczewski, Stanley K.— Pvt., Co. L, 147th Inf. WA. 
 Malicon, Sylvester T.— Pvt., Co. F, 102d Engrs. WA. 
 Malican, Thomas E. — 5th Co., Hospital Training 
 
 School, Newport, R. I. 
 Malinowski, Frank — 106th Transporation Corps. 
 Malinowski, Harry — Co. E, 128th Infantry. 
 Malinowski, Leon— Pvt., Co. F, 148th Infantry. WA. 
 Malinowski, Walter A. — Pvt., 38th Service Sig. Corps. 
 Maliska, Fred— Sgt., Supply Co., 309th U. S. Infantry. 
 Maliska, Otto — Pvt., Base Hospital. WA. 
 Malki, William D.— Pvt., 311th M. G. Infantry. WA. 
 Malkowski, Boleslaw — Pvt., Battery D, 17th F. A. 
 Malley, Peter F.— Pvt., Co. D, 81st Engineers. 
 Mallion, William H. Jr.— Pvt. WA. 
 Mallon, Albert A.— Pvt., 314th M. T. C. 
 Mallon, Charles L.— Pvt., 22d Inf., M. G. Co. 
 Mallon, Louis H. — Pvt., Camp Dental Infirmary, 
 
 Camp Dix. 
 Mallory, Harrison J. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 7th Inf. 
 Malloy, John J. — Pvt., Students' Army Training 
 
 Corps (Canisius College). 
 
566 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Malone, James J.— Pvt., Co. B, 307th Inf. WA Sep- 
 tember 15, 1918. 
 Malone, John F. — Pvt., Field Artillery. 
 Malone, Paul — Capt., Air Service. 
 Malone, Robert W.— Pvt., Camp Upton, N. Y. 
 Malone, John — 1st Lieut., 86 Aero Squadron. 
 Malone, Thomas J.— Pvt., Co. 211086 Can. Inf. WA. 
 Mallion, William H. Jr.— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Inf. WA. 
 Maloney, James E.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. WA. 
 Manasseri, Anthony A. — Pvt., Co. M, 347th Infantry. 
 Manchester, Cecil A. — Candidate, 57th Training Bat'n. 
 Mancieso, Vincent S. — 1st Lieut., M. R. C. 
 Mancino, Joseph S. — Co. M, 347th Infantry. 
 Mancuso, Charles A. — Pvt., Battery E, 51st Artillery. 
 Mandel, Leo P.— Co. D, 308th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 Mandel, Lester P.— Sgt., Col B, 309th Infantry. WA. 
 Manderscheid, John A.— Pvt., Co. K, 347th Infantry. 
 Mang, Charles W.— Mech., Co. B, 6th A. A. C. M. G. 
 
 Battalion. 
 Mang, Edward R.— Pvt., 1st Prov., Rec. Bat'n. WA. 
 Mangione, Joseph — Pvt. WA. 
 Manikowski, John— Pvt., Battery F, 36th F. A. 
 Mankowski, John — Co. D, 40th Infantry. 
 Manley, George J. — Pvt., 4th Battalion. 
 Manley, Richard J. — Pvt. 
 
 Mann, Baldwin, M. D. — Major, Base Hospital 23. 
 Mann, Donald S.— 1st Lieut., 309th Field Artillery. 
 Mann, Harold Anslem — Corp. WA. 
 Mann, Richard L.— Candidate, C. 0. T. S., 45 Tr. Batn. 
 Mann, Stanley W.— Pvt., Co. B, 303th Engineers. WA. 
 Manning, Edward — Wagoner, Co. G, 307th Infantry. 
 Manning, Frank J.— 2d Lieut., 26th 60 C. O. T. S. 
 Manning, George J. — Sgt., Co. D, 51st Pioneer. 
 Manning, George P. — Lieut., Headquarters, 137th Inf. 
 Manning, George R.— Pvt., Co. B, 304th M. G. Bat'n. 
 Manning, P. J.— Sgt., Co. B, 15th Supply Train. 
 Manning, Stephen V.— Corp., Co. A, 306th Reg. WA. 
 Manning, Wm. F.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Manson, George — Pvt., Co. B, 37th Engineers. 
 Manzak, Adam J.— Pvt., P. W. E. 13. WA. 
 Marcello, Rody — Regiment 4. 
 
 Marchant, Earl F.— Sgt., Hdqrs., 329th Batt. Tanks. 
 Marchant, Raymond J. — 1st Sgt., Officers Training 
 
 School, Medical Department. 
 Marciczkiewicz, Boleslaw — 1st Pvt., Co. D, 302 Engrs. 
 Marciczkiewicz, Edward — Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Marcinkowski, B. J. — Pvt., Co. F, Air Service Squad. 
 Marcinowski, Leon — Pvt., Co. B, 347th. 
 Marcinowski, Walter. 
 Marcy, William L., Jr., — 2d Lieut. 
 Marczak, John — Pvt., Supply Co., 346th Infantry. 
 Mare, Joseph — Pvt., 35th Battalion, U. S. Guards. 
 Maren, Sali— 46th Co., 12th Battalion. 
 Marguccio, Philippo — Pvt. WA. 
 Marino, Alfonso — Battery B, 34th Field Artillery, 
 
 Camp McClellan, Anniston, Ala. 
 Marion, Bernardino — 17th Co., 65th 153d DepotBrigade. 
 Marion, Joseph — Pvt., Air Service 220. 
 Marion, Fred — Corp., Camp Johnson. 
 Markey, Thomas F.— Pvt., Co. L, 347th. 
 Markiewicz, Joseph— Pvt., Co. C, 327th Inf. WA. 
 
 Markiewicz, John — Pvt., WA. 
 
 Markowski, Wesley — Corp., Co. H, 147th Infantry. 
 
 Marks, Cecil C— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Marks, Melvin M.— Pvt., Dental Co., 1, M. R. C. 
 
 Marks, Sidney M.— Pvt., M. R. C, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Markwardt, Henry — Cook, Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Marky, Norman E. — Repair Unit 301 Hoboken, N. J. 
 
 Marlinski, Joseph J., Jr.- Co. B, 304th M. G. Bat'n. 
 
 Maroney, Edward T.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Maroney, Patrick J. — Corp., 346th Infantry. 
 
 Marohn, Albert H.— Corp., Co. I, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Marohn, Benjamin — Pvt., Machine Gun, 7th Infantry. 
 
 Marong, Peter J. — Corp. WA. 
 
 Marong, Michael P.— Co. D, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Marong, Peter— Corp., Co. G, 307th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Marong, Samuel — Co. L, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Marquart, Albert J.— Pvt., Co. A, 311th Inf., G. 
 
 Marquardt, Elmer C— Co. E, 102d U. S. Engineers. 
 
 Mars, John A.— Pvt., 25th R. R. Co. 156th Engineers. 
 
 Mars, Joseph K.— Pvt., Col B, 14th M. G. Batt. G. 
 
 Marshall, Cyrus J.— Sgt., Co. J, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Marshall, George B.— Corp., Hdqrs., 117th, 30th Div. 
 
 Marshall, John H. — Co. A, 48th Battalion, Camp Mor- 
 gan, Morgan, N. J. 
 
 Marshall, Patrick J.— Co. M, 146th Infantry. 
 
 Marshall, William— Co. C, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Marszalkowski, Michael F.— Pvt., Co. B, 347th Infan- 
 try, 87th Division 
 
 Marterer, John — Puget Sound, Camp 1. 
 
 Maske, Bernard A. — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Marthia, Louis C— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Maticaco, Joseph — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Martin Arthur W.— Pvt., Co. H, 311th (111. Camp Dix, 
 N. Y.) 
 
 Martin, Bernard — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Martin, Carl— Pvt., 9th. 
 
 Martin, Charles J. — 1st Co., Camp Wheeler, Ga. 
 
 Martin, Earl — Corp., Co. B, 302d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Martin, Francis E. — Pvt., Co. K, 23d Engineers. 
 
 Martin, Harry — Cook. WA. 
 
 Martin, Jack R: 
 
 Martin, James J. — Pvt., Co. D, 59th Pioneer. 
 
 Martin, Leon R.— Pvt., Co. D, 12th Loco. R. R. Engrs. 
 
 Martin, Walter M. — Corp., Camp Wadsworth, Person- 
 nel Sect. 
 
 Marshall, Beryl— Pvt., B. F. 349th Field Artillery. 
 
 Marthia, Louis C— Pvt., Hdqrs., 306th Inf. G. 
 
 Martin, Frank P. — Training Battalion, Pugeot Sound. 
 
 Martin, James V. — Pvt., Great Lakes. 
 
 Martin, John J. — Sgt., Co. B, Signal Corps, 5th Batt. 
 
 Martin, George A. — Corp., Hdqrs., 302d Engineers. 
 
 Martin, Joseph — Co. F, 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Martin, Edward A.— Pvt., Co. C, 2d A. A. M. G. Bat'n. 
 
 Martin, Willis H. — 1st Sgt., Ordnance Corps Stationed 
 at Aberdeen Proving Grounds. 
 
 Martina, Charles C. — Pvt., Headquarters Co. 
 
 Martina, Joseph — Pvt., Co. B, 12th Battalion. 
 
 Martinelli, Leonard — Pvt. 
 
 Martink, Carl G.— Sgt., Co. D, 305th M. G. Battalion. 
 
 Martinski, Frank J. — Pvt., Base Hospital 85. 
 
 Martisek, George— Corp., Co. A, 316. WA. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 567 
 
 Martone, Gelardo— Pvt., Co. A, 348th. 
 
 Martz, Ellsworth E. — Pvt., 11th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Martz, Henry — Corp., Battery A, 72 Field Artillery. 
 Injured at Camp Knox, Ky. 
 
 Mauron, William H.— Pvt., 346th Service Co. 
 
 Maruszewski, Stanley — Pvt., Co. A, 155th Depot Bri- 
 gade, 3d Battalion. 
 
 Marx, Francis J.— 1st Sgt., Co. A, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Marx, Wm. F.— Pvt., Troop M, Ft. Bliss Cavalry. 
 
 Marzello, Saverio — Pvt., Co K, 119th Infantry. 
 
 Mase, Calorino — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Maska, Edward — Pvt., 2d Regulars. 
 
 Maske, Bernard A.— Pvt., Hdqrs., 311th Inf. WA. 
 
 Maskulinski, Roman L. — Pvt., Co. F, 59th Pioneer Inf. 
 
 Mason, Alfred W.— Canadian, 2 C. H. A. WA. 
 
 Mason, George A. — 2d Co., Heavy Artillery. 
 
 Mason, Raymond J.— Sgt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Mason, Scott B.— Lieut., U.S.Reg., 63d Field Artillery. 
 
 Masse, George — Wagoner, Co. D, 59th Am. Train. 
 
 Masset, Edward — Pvt., Battery A, 1st Field Artillery. 
 
 Masset, Peter J.— Pvt., Battery D, 61st Field Artillery. 
 
 Massing, Henry H. — Corp., Co. A, 36th. 
 
 Masterson, Paul E.— Corp., M. G., 307th Inf. WA. 
 
 Masterson, Stephen V. — Sgt., Co. I, 3d Battalion, In- 
 telligence Sec. 
 
 Mastkowski, Anthony. 
 
 Matachowski, Jacob — Pvt., Co. B. 
 
 Matela, Joseph— Pvt., 306th Inf., Machine Gun. 
 
 Math, John J.— Pvt., Hdqrs., 106th Machine Gun Bat'n 
 
 Math, Nicholas, C— Pvt., Hdqrs., 21st Engrs., 3d Batt. 
 
 Matheis, Charles J.— Pvt., Co. G, 21st Engrs., 3d Bat'n. 
 
 Mather, Joseph P.— Pvt., Co. D, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Mathers, Harry J. — Corp., Hdqrs., 12th Art. Brig. 
 
 Mathes, Joseph — Base Hospital Medical Detachment, 
 Camp Dix, N. J. 
 
 Mathews, Arthur Miles — 311th Motor Corps. 
 
 Mathey, William R. — Evacuation Hospital 5. 
 
 Mathias, Paul F.— Co. C, 38th Infantry. 
 
 Mathieson, David L.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. (U. of B.) 
 
 Matiacio, Joseph — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Matieszak, Waclaw— Pvt., Co. C, 120th Infantry. 
 
 Matthews, Albert R. — Corp., 647th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Matthews, Burrows — Capt., Headquarters, Infantry, 
 U. S. A., Camp Upton, L. I. 
 
 Matthews, Frank A.— Pvt., 308th Motor Group. 
 
 Matthews, Raymond J. — Pvt., Co. C, 87th Division, 
 336th Field Artillery. 
 
 Matthies, Albert— Rifle, Rifle Rumford, R. 0. 
 
 Matthurs, Ray C— Pvt., 2d M. R. S. 
 
 Mattison, Barton V. — Lieut., Headquarters, M. T. C. 
 
 Mattulke, Harry— Sgt., Co. L, 101st. WA. 
 
 Mattulke, William— Sgt. WA. 
 
 Maturzak, Vincent— Pvt., Q. M. M. S. T. V. 
 
 Matuszczak, Steven— Pvt., Co. D, 312th Am. Train. 
 
 Matuszczak, Lawrence — Pvt., Co. I, 7th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Maturzewski, Louis L.— Pvt., Co. B, 6th A. A. M. G. 
 
 Matuszewski, Stiney C— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Matuszewski, Walter — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Mau, Alvin H.— Co. F, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Maul, John C— Lieut., Field Artillery. 
 
 Maunz, Hartman E.— Pvt., Co. E, 312th Eng.,87th Div. 
 
 Maurer, Claud — Co. E, 374th Infantry. 
 
 Maurer, Elmer C. — Rgt. Sgt. Major, 4th Division. 
 
 Maurer, Frank A. J. — Wagoner, Co. B, 302d Am. Train. 
 
 Maurer, Louis— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Maurer, Michael J. — Pvt., 3d Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Maxon, Carl— Pvt., Co. L, 50th Infantry. 
 
 Maxon, Raymond T.— Pvt., Co. D, 109th Inf. WA. 
 
 May, Albert L.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. 
 
 May, Charles P.— Pvt., Co. C, 348th Infantry. 
 
 May, Edward C. — Lieut., Fort Sam Houston. 
 
 May, John A.— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 
 May, Maxwell — Co. A, 347th Depot Brigade. 
 
 Maychaszak, Joseph — Co. E, 308th Infantry. 
 
 Mayer, Albert L.— Corp., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Mayer, Carl 0. — Pvt., Co. B, 54th Engineers. 
 
 Mayer, Edward — Pvt., Co. A, Chemical Warfare Ser. 
 
 Mayer, Karl H. — 1st Lieut., Ordnance Department. 
 
 Mayer, Leo M. — Army Medical Museum. 
 
 Mayer, Leonard — Pvt., 5th Co., 3d Regiment. 
 
 Mayer, Raymond H. — 114th, 19th Regt. Trans. Corps. 
 
 Mayer, Thomas L. — Pvt., Co. E, 23d Engineers. 
 
 Mayer, Walter E. — Corp., 41st Co., Camp Syracuse 
 nth Battery. Also served with 3d N. Y. F. A. 
 
 Mayer, William — Pvt., Provisional Exchange. 
 
 Mayes, Bert J.— Pvt., Co. A, 48th Battalion. 
 
 Maynard, Keith A. — Pvt., Co. D, 59th Pioneers. 
 
 Maynurd, John E.— Pvt., Co. B, 348th. 
 
 Max, James— Pvt., Battery C, 335th Field Artillery. 
 
 Max, Raymond — Field Remount Squadron. 
 
 Mazierkiewicz, John S. — Pvt., Co. H, 59th Pioneer Inf. 
 
 Mazur, Antoni — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Mazur, Joseph J. — Chemical Warfare Service. 
 
 Mazur, Jan. — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Mazurkiewicz, Martin. 
 
 Mazurkiewicz, Walter J.— Pvt., 712th Co., Av. Ord. 
 Depot 1st. 
 
 Mazurowski, Frank J. — Mechanic, Co. H, 7th Infantry. 
 
 Mazurowski, Stanislaus — Sgt., Co. B, M. R. C. 
 
 Mazurowski, Wm. — Headq'rs., Signal Corps, F. A. R. R. 
 
 Mazzanti, Fred.— Pvt., Co. B, 346th. 
 
 McAlpine, Clair S. — Pvt., Genesee Hospital 30. 
 
 McAndrews, Michael— Corp., Co. F, 325th Inf. WA. 
 
 McAuliffe, Louis— Pvt., Co. A, 309th Infantry. 
 
 McAvinn, Frederick G. — Pvt. 
 
 McAvoy, James L. — Pvt., 109th Machine Gun Batt'n. 
 
 McAvoy, Joseph P.— Sgt., 306th Tank Service. 
 
 McBride, Harry J.— Sgt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. 
 
 McBride, John J. — Corp. WA. 
 
 McCabe, C. J. — Pvt., Medical Research Laboratory. 
 
 McCabe, Earl — Corp., 1st Motor Supply Train. 
 
 McCabe, Harold R.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 McCabe, Irving— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Machine Gun Bat- 
 talion. WA. 
 
 McCabe, James J. — Headquarters, Troop, 82d Div. 
 
 McCabe, Sylvester J.— Co. A, 162d Infantry. 
 
 McCaig, William J. — Pvt., Army Radio Sec, 1st Corps. 
 
 McCall, Carlton C— 2d Lieut., Aviation. 
 
 McCall, Chester— Pvt., 345th Ambulance. 
 
 McCall, Joseph— Pvt., Co. E, 102d Engineers. WA. 
 
 McCallen, Leo. E.— Pvt., Co. A, 4th Batt. 
 
 McCann, James — Pvt., 327th Infantry. 
 
568 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 McCarthy, Chas. J.— P\-t., S. A. T. C. 
 
 McCarthy, Edward W.— Pvt., Co. A, 5th B'n., Sig. C. 
 
 McCarthy,— Sgt., 120th Aero Squadron. 
 
 McCarthy, Frank S. — Pvt., 6th Construction. 
 
 McCarthy, F. W.— 1st Sgt., Coast Artillery Corps. 
 
 McCarthy, George V. — Pvt., Ellington Aviation Field. 
 
 McCarthy, Gordon L.— Sgt., Co. E, 309th Infantry. 
 W and shell shocked. 
 
 McCarthy, John J.— Pvt., Co. A, 53d Reg., T. C. 
 
 McCarthy, John A.— Pvt., 5th Brigade, 6th M. G. B. 
 
 McCarthy, Arthur B.— Pvt., 730th Co., Motor Trans- 
 port Corps, Norfolk, Va. 
 
 McCarthy, Joseph F.— 1st Lieut., 303d Stevedore Rgt. 
 
 McCarthy, Leland F.— Sgt., Co. C, 309th Inf. WA. 
 
 McCarthy, Mathew J. — Pvt., 3d Army Service Co. 
 
 McCarthy, Raymond D. — Pvt., H'dq'ts, Bordeaux C'p. 
 
 McCarthy, Raymond J. — Pvt., H'dq'ts, Camp Johnston. 
 
 McCarthy, Wilham J.— Sgt., Headquarters, 7th F. A. 
 
 McCarty, Frederick E. — 1st Lieut., Medical Depart- 
 ment, 128th Infantry, 32d Division. W twice. 
 
 McCarty, J. B.— G. 
 
 McClain, Charles B.— Pvt., Co. D, 305th M. G. B. WA. 
 
 McClellan, Frederick C— Troop A, Ft. Bliss, ElPaso, 
 Texas. 
 
 McClellan, Fred— Cook, Cooks' School. 
 
 McClellan, Hugh— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers. G. 
 
 McClellan, Samuel G.— 2d Lieut., Co. M, 329th Inf. 
 
 McCole, John A. — Pvt. Reported missing in action. 
 
 Reported present for duty. 
 
 McConnell, George A. — Aerial Gunner, 21st Aero 
 Squadron. WA. 
 
 McConnell, John J.— Mess Sgt., Co. A, 37th F. A. 
 
 McConnell, Joseph D. — Corp., Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 McConnell, Leon A.— Corp., Co. E, 309th Inf. GA. 
 
 McConnell, Leouis R. — Pvt., Casual Cantonment, Van- 
 couver, Barracks. 
 
 McConville, Arthur — Pvt., Troop L, 17th Cavalry, 
 Douglas, Ariz. 
 
 McConville, Hugh— Pvt., Co. D, 1st B'n., C'p Gordon. 
 
 McCormick, Francis W. — Pvt., Students' Army Train- 
 ing Corps, (Canisius). 
 
 McCormick, Herbert J. — Sgt., Students' Army Train- 
 ing Corps. (Canisius). 
 
 McCormick, John D.— Pvt., 10th Hdqrs., F. A. R. D. 
 
 McCormick, John J.— Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry. 
 
 McCracken, Roswell — Pvt., Aero Construction 15th. 
 
 McCrady, Alex A. — Chicago Unit, Italy, Bogolona. 
 
 McCreeden.Levit — Camp Tracy, Camp Dix, N. J. WG. 
 
 McCue, William A.— Pvt., Co. D, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 McCullough, Erwin — 349th Infantry. 
 
 McCumber, Norman — 311th Infantry. WA. 
 
 McDade, Frank E.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. (Canisius). 
 
 McDaniel, Charles W.— 1st Sgt., Co. C, 210th F. S. Bn. 
 
 McDaniel, James F.— Corp., Co. B, S. A. T. C. 
 
 MacDonald, Earle— Pvt., Hdqrs. Co., 36th Rgt., C.A.C. 
 
 McDonald, Bernard — Pvt. WA. 
 
 McDonald, Dillon E.— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. 
 
 McDonald, Edward F.— 2d Lieut., Co. F, 59th Inf. 
 
 McDonald, George G.— Corp., Co. E, 311th U. S. Inf. 
 
 Decorated for bravery, Dis. Service Cross. 
 
 McDonald, Harold J. — 1st Lieut., Evac. Hospital 14. 
 
 McDonald, John A.— Pvt., Co. D, 312th Amm. Train. 
 McDonald, Peter- Pvt., 346th Inf. (Infirmary.) 
 McDonough, John J.— Pvt. WA September 6, 1918. 
 McDougal, Clyde C— Corp., Co. B, 304th M G. B'n. 
 McDougal, Leslie P. — 6th Observation Battery. 
 McDougal, Thorton H.— Capt., 41st Co., 152d Depot B 
 McDougal, Walter Lamb— 2d Lieut., Co. 5th, 2d B'n. 
 McEachren, John — Pvt., Co. F, 51st Pioneers. 
 McElligott, Thos. P.— Sgt., Co. B, 102d Engineers. 
 McElroy, Theodore J.— Sgt., Co. F, 307th Engineers. 
 McFayden, Daniel A.— Pvt., Co. A, 54th Engrs, R.T.C. 
 McGee, Francis B.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 McGillicuddy, Patrick F.— Pvt., Detachment 1st Ord. 
 
 Repair Shop. 
 McGill, Joseph P.— Sgt. WA. 
 McEntyre, Lawrence B. — Sgt. WA. 
 McGinness, James B.— Pvt., Co. M, 347th Infantry. 
 McGinnie, Henry R. — Pvt., Medical, 346th Infantry. 
 McGirr, Frank— Pvt., 19th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 McGirr, John E.— Corp., Co. E, 311th Infantry. 
 McGowan, Frank J.— Sgt., S. A. T. C. 
 McGowan, Roger H.— Pvt., 20th Co., 152d Depot Brig. 
 McGrath, Edward C— Pvt., Co. H, 59th Pioneer Inf. 
 McGrath, Edward — Pvt., Canadian Army. WA January 
 
 29, 1918. 
 McGrath, Edward G. — Pvt., Office Inspection, General 
 
 Base Section 5. 
 McGrath, John J.— Corp., Co. G, 311th Infantry. 
 McGraw, Herbert A. — Pvt., Co. D, 51st Pioneer Inf. 
 McGregor, Ernest — Wagoner, Supply Co., 36th F. A. 
 McGuire, Harry S.— Pvt., WA. 
 McGuire, Nelson A. — Sgt., 820th Aero Squadron. 
 McGuire, Sobas F.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. K, 308th Inf. 
 
 WA October 5, 1918. 
 McHenry, Walter J.— Pvt., Co. E, 310th Infantry. W 
 
 October, 1918. 
 McHenry, William P.— Pvt., Co. G, 347th Infantry. 
 McHuron, Ernest L.— Pvt., Co. D, 317th M. G. Bat'n. 
 Mclndoo, Erwin C— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Cited for valor. 
 
 Mcintosh, Thomas G.— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. 
 WG November 10, 1918. 
 
 McKaig, Raymond- Pvt., Co. E, Yale 0. T. C. 
 
 McKay, Alvin R.— Pvt., Co. A, 147th M. G. Bat'n. 
 
 McKay, Clifford G.— Pvt., Co. M, 347th Infantry. 
 
 McKay, Frank R.— 1st Lieut., Troop H, 12th Cavalry. 
 
 McKay, Robert J.— Lieut., WA. 
 
 McKee, Chas. H. — Lieut., Dental Infirmary 1. 
 
 McKee, Thos. H, Major, Medical Corps. 
 
 McKellips, Harry R.— Pvt., Co. B, 69th Engineers. 
 
 McKendry, Maurice — Sgt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 WB August 27, 1918. 
 
 McKenzie, Ed. J. — Corp., 227th Aero Squadron. 
 
 McKeon, Joseph Moore — 1st Lieut., Co. E, 33d Eng. 
 
 McKeon, Richard Moore — 2d Lieut., Co. R, In- 
 fantry. Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 McKibbin, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. K, 307th Infantry. 
 
 McKinley, Arthur J.— Pvt., WA. 
 
 McKnight, George- Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. WA 
 September 26, 1918. 
 
 McKnight, Pierce H.— Pvt., 20th Co., 152d Depot Brig. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 569 
 
 McKule, Anthony A. — Pvt., Prisoner. 
 
 McKule, Anthony A. — Pvt., WA. 
 
 McKurth, Elmer E.— Pvt., Co. A, 102d Engineers. 
 
 McKurth, Norman — Pvt., WA. 
 
 McLean, Anthony B.— Sgt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 McLean, Arthur L.— Sgt., Co. E, 309th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 15, 1918. 
 McLean, George F.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. WA 
 
 July 7, 1918 and October 18, 1918. 
 McLean, William J.— Pvt., Co. M, 348th Infantry. 
 McLeary, James— Pvt., Co. K, 307th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 9, 1918. 
 McLennon, Wilfred G. — Observer, Aviation. 
 McLeod, Donald — Pvt., 139th Ordnance Depot. 
 McLeod, Donald— Pvt., S. S. U. 630. 
 McLaughlin, John— Pvt., Battery B, 311th F. A. 
 McLaughlin, Peter P.— Pvt., Co. B, 112th Barracks. 
 McLaughlin, Patrick — Pvt., Co. A, 59th Infantry. 
 McLaughlin, Patrick A.— Pvt., 3d Co., Nia. 0. T. C. 
 McLaughlin, Peter — Pvt., Aberdeen Proving Grounds. 
 McMahon, Albert F.— Pvt., 26th Co., Recruiting Ser. 
 McMahon, George — Sgt., 65th, Camp Dix. 
 McMahon, James J.— Pvt., Co. F, 303d Amm. Train. 
 McMahon, Patrick — Cavalry Base Trooper. 
 McMahon, Thos E. — Corp., 110th Ordnance Depot. 
 McMahon, William C— Ist-class Pvt., 311th Infantry. 
 McMahon, William C. — Capt., Aero 3d Army. 
 McMahon, William S.— Sgt., Co. A, 309th Infantry. 
 McManus, Ernest J. — Pvt., Headquarters, 1st Prov. 
 McMichael, Clarence R.— Capt., Co. E, 126th U. S. 
 
 32d Division. 
 McMullen, Fred J. — Corp., Replacement Camp, Camp 
 
 Wheeler, Ga. 
 McMullen, Vincent— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 McMurray, Howard E. — Pvt., WA. 
 McMurray, Nelson J. — Ist-class Pvt., A-102, M. P. 
 
 27th Division. 
 McNally, William D.— Pvt. 
 
 McNamara, Albin E.— Pvt., Co. G, 330th Infantry. 
 McNamara, Emmet J. — 2d Lieut., Sanitary Corps. 
 McNamara, Sherman E. — 2d Lieut., Air Service. 
 McNamara, Wm. J. — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps. 
 McNaughton, Adam— Pvt., Battery B, 82d F. A. 
 McNaughton, William H. — Pvt., 628th Ambulance Sec. 
 McNerney, Edmund J.— Sgt., 37th Co., 153d Depot Brig. 
 McNitt, William L.— Corp., Co. H, 161st Infantry. 
 McNulty, Charles F.— Pvt., 2d Battery, 153d Depot 
 
 Brigade. 
 McPartland, William R.— Corp., 16th Co., 153d Depot 
 
 Brigade. 
 McPartlin, Michael— Pvt., WA. 
 McQuade, Thos. J.— Sgt., Co. B, 303d Engineers. 
 McQuillin, Elmer E. — Pvt., 91st Aero Squadron. 
 McRae, George — Pvt., Co. B, 57th Engineers. 
 McRonald, John H.— Pvt., Co. D, 303d Engineers. 
 McShane, Terente A.— Corp., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 McVeen, Howard C— Pvt., 76th Division. 
 McWethy, Raymond E.— Sgt., Co. C, 110th Infantry. 
 
 WA July 28, 1918. 
 McWilliams, Stewart— Corp., Co. A, 303d Amm. Train. 
 Maed, Gaylord P.— Pvt., Co. C, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Mead, Nias— Cook, Supply Co., 349th Field Artillery. 
 
 Mead, T. E.— 149th Field Artillery. 
 
 Meadows, George J. — Pvt., Co. M, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Meahl, Roswell P. — Corp., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Measer, Albert — Corp., 302d Engineers. 
 
 Mecca, Andrew — Pvt., Co. L, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Mecca, Anthony — Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Mecca, Daniel— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Mecca, George R. — Pvt., Headq'rs, Camp Upton, N. Y. 
 
 Mecca, Joseph J.— Pvt., 20th Co., Camp Upton, N. Y. 
 
 Mecca, Salvator — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Mechau, George J. Corp., Co. B, 303d Engineers. WG 
 October, 1918. 
 
 Mechlinski, Walter— Ist-class Pvt., Co. C, 309th In- 
 fantry. WG October 18, 1918. 
 
 Meegan, Timothy J.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. F, 346th Inf. 
 
 Megier, Frank L. — Pvt., 7th Co., 157th Depot Brigade. 
 
 Meginnis, David— Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Megson, John H.— Pvt., M. G. Co., 348th Infantry. 
 
 Mehigan, Roy V.— Pvt., Co. B, 5 Dev. Battalion. 
 
 Mehltretteer, Alfred F.— Corp., 17th Co., 5th Training 
 Battery, 157th Depot Brigade. 
 
 Mehok, Andrew— Pvt., 20th Battery. 
 
 Mehok, Andrew— Pvt., 20th Battery. 
 
 Meidel, George N. — Pvt., U. S. Coast Guard. 
 
 Meinke, Albert C. — Pvt., Headq'rs, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Meinke, Edward W.— Bugler, Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Meinke, Frank — Pvt., Ordnance Repair Shop. 
 
 Meiser, John A. — Pvt., Co. L, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Meissner, Robert E. — Pvt., Aux. Remount Depot. 
 
 Meldrum, Alan H. — Electrician, Newport Radio Class. 
 
 Melin, Peter, Jr. — Corp., 6th Army. 
 
 Meloch, Wladyslaw— Sgt. WA. 
 
 Melonie, Arthur D. — Pvt., Co. B, 1st Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Melson, O. Howard — Pvt., 145th Squadron, A. S. 
 
 Melson, Oliver C— 1st Lieut., B. H. 26, Medical Corps. 
 
 Melvin, John R.— Sgt. WA. 
 
 Memiac, John — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Mendelsohn, Abraham — Pvt., 505th Regiment A. S. 
 
 Mendlein, F. A. — Capt., Base Hospital, Camp Devens. 
 
 Mendola, Louis— Pvt., Co. M, 166th Infantry. WA 
 October 12, 1918. 
 
 Mennig, Harold B.— Pvt., 44th San. Squad., 27th Div. 
 
 Mensch, Edward — Pvt., Headquarters, Machine Gun. 
 
 Mensch, Joseph— Pvt., 30th Co., 8th Battalion, 102d 
 Depot Brigade. 
 
 Menz, Arthur J. — Pvt., 3d Supply. 
 
 Menz, George — Pvt., Co. C, 303d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Menza, Antonio — Pvt., 348th Infantry. 
 
 Mera, Thomas— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Mercer, Martin — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Mercer, John T.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Merckling, Frank J. — Pvt., Batt. D, 7th Regiment. 
 
 Mercer, Nelson— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Meredith, G. C— Pvt., 61st Machine Gun Co. 
 
 Mergi, Henry J. — Sgt., 209th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Mergi, Wm. H.— Pvt., Co. G, 147th Infantry. WA 
 September 30, 1918. 
 
 Mergler, Bernard — Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Mergler, John — Pvt., Quartermaster 303d Wagon. 
 
 Mergler, Michael N. — Pvt., Ordnance Detachment. 
 
570 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Mergler, Nicholas — Pvt., 3d Coast Artillery. 
 
 Merkel, John A.— Pvt., Co. B, 335th Machine Gun Co. 
 
 Merkl, Joseph — Pvt. 
 
 Merriman, Henry S. — 1st Lieut., Machine Gun Co., 
 
 145th Infantry. WA November 2, 1918. 
 Merriman, Kenneth L. — Corp., 7th Co., 157th Depot B. 
 Merry, Alfred T.— Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry. 
 Mersdorf, Edw.— Corp., Co. L, 306th Infantry. 
 Merson, Edwin L. — Pvt., Co. L, 147th Engineers. 
 Mertens, George H. — Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry. 
 Mertes, Louis J. — Sgt., Headquarters, 344th Battalion, 
 
 Tank Corps. WA November 1918. 
 Mertz, Arthur W. — Corp., 301st Repair Unit. 
 Mertz, Edwin A. — Pvt., Base Hospital. 
 Mertz, George J. — Pvt., Troop E, 6th Cavalry. 
 Merz, Carl — Corp., 301st Infantry. 
 Merz, William— Pvt., Headquarters, 311th Inf., S. C. 
 Meske, Fred— Pvt., Co. T, 148th Infantry. WA. 
 Meske, Gustam A. — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Meske, Gust A.— Pvt., 27th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Mesker, Louis X.— Pvt., Battery F, 27th F. A. 
 Mesler, Albert E.— Pvt., Co. I, 7th Infantry. WA 
 
 March and August, 1918. 
 Mesner, Earl J.— Corp., Co. C, S. A. T. C. 
 Messina, Joseph — Pvt. WA. 
 Messina, Sam — Pvt., Co. K, 347th Infantry. 
 Metcalf, Arthur A.— Corp., 332d Field Remount Squad. 
 Metcalfe, Cecil R.— Pvt., Co. B, 331st B'n., Tank C'ps. 
 Metke, Henry M.— Pvt., Battery E, Field Artillery, 
 
 Camp McClellan. 
 Metke, Robert A. — Ist-class Pvt., 10th Engrs., Forestry 
 Mettauer, Emil C. — Ist-class Sgt., 496th Aero Squad. 
 Mettille, Alfred F. — Postal Service. 
 Metz, Emil F.— Pvt., Co. F, 303d Engineers. 
 Metz, George — Pvt. 
 
 Metz, John — Pvt., Headquarters, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Metz, Harmon E. — Muse. Sgt., 309th Regiment Band, 
 
 Assistant Leader. 
 Metzger, Frank A.— Pvt., Co. G, 133d Infantry. 
 Metzen, John A. — 1st Lieut., Base Hospital, Camp Dix. 
 Metzger, Andrew F.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. M, 311th Inf. 
 Metzger, Park L. — 1st Lieut., Camp Wadsworth, S. C. 
 Metzger, Richard J.— 1st Lieut., Battery B, 302d F. A. 
 Metzger, Wilbur P.— Pvt., Co. C, 348th Infantry. 
 Metzinger, Clarence J. — Pvt., Co. C, 6th Engineers. 
 
 WG July 7, 1918. 
 Metzler, Carl— Pvt., Co. B, 146th Machine Gun B'n. 
 Metzler, Charles — Pvt., Med. Det., Camp Hospital 52. 
 Metzler, Jos. A., Jr. — Pvt., 2d Batt., Camp Jackson. 
 Metzler, Robert— Pvt., Co. B, 502d Engineers. 
 Mex, Benjamin F. — Chauffeur, 341st Motor Trans. 
 
 Corps. 
 Mex, Fred W\— Pvt., Co. H, 346th Infantry. 
 Meyer, Alexander C. — Bugler, S. A. T. C. 
 Meyer, Alfonz H.—Pvt., Co. M, 361st Infantry. 
 Meyer, Anthony, Jr. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Meyers, Cornelius— Pvt., 10th Co., 152d Depot Brig. 
 Meyer, Edward J. — Sgt., Headquarters, Motor Tr. C'ps 
 Meyer, Elmer H.—Pvt., Co. M, 346th Infantry. 
 Meyer, Fred W.— Pvt., Co. F, 326th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 11, 1918. 
 
 Meyer, Frederick W. — Pvt. WA. 
 Meyer, Joseph R.— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C. 
 Meyer, Schanker- Pvt., Co. B, 305th Infantrj'. 
 Meyers, Morris — Pvt., Co. C, 148th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 30, 1918. 
 Meyers, Frank G.— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry. 
 Meyers, Henry G. — Pvt., 1st Co., Coast Artillery Corps 
 Meyers, Leo J. — 2d Lieut., Motor Transport Corps. 
 Meyers, Max — Pvt., 38th Jewish Battalion. 
 Micanzi, Francisco — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Michaels, George H.—Pvt., Co. F, 106th Supply Train. 
 Michaels, Walter A.— Pvt., 10th Co., 1st Rgt., M. T. C. 
 Michalek, Frank — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Michel, Frank C— Pvt., Headquarters, 319th F. A. 
 Michel, Jerome — WA. 
 
 Michael, Achilles E. — Pvt., 12th November Replace. 
 Michelowski, Edward W.— Pvt. WA August 17, 1918. 
 Michel, Albert— Pvt., Co. D. 
 Michalski, Alex. — Pvt. 
 
 Michalski, Johnm — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 Michalski, Stanley— Pvt., Battery C, 329th F. A. 
 Miela, John— Pvt., Co. L, 346th Infantry. 
 Mientus, Stanley— Pvt., Co. D, 502d Engineers. WG. 
 Mientus, Walter— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 346th Inf. 
 Migo, John — 345th Infantry. 
 Mieth, Richard D.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. 
 Migliacco, Michael — Pvt., 303d Engineers. 
 Miklinski, John P.— Pvt., Co. F, 306th Infantry. 
 Mikolojezak, Frank J. — Pvt., Co. B, 1st Battalion. 
 Mikolojezak, John A. — Ist-class Pvt., 165th Aero Squad. 
 Mikolojezak, Leon L. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. B,Base Hosp. 
 Mikolojezak, Peter— Pvt., Battery F, 34th F. A. 
 Mikos, Jos. W.— Pvt., Co. M, 346th Machine Gun B'n. 
 Mikos, Walter— Pvt., Co. C, 309th Infantry. 
 Mikulec, Josef— Pvt., 41st Co., 11th Battery. 
 Mikulewicz, Jos. W. — Pvt., Headquarters, 7th Inf. 
 Mikulewicz, Kammiernm — Pvt., 7th Co., Infantry. 
 Michaelis, Howard W.— Pvt., Co. C, S. A. T. C. 
 Michalowski, Edw. W.— Pvt., Co. E, 306th Infantry. 
 
 WA Gassed September 3, 1918. 
 Michael, Geo. L. — Pvt., 26th Spruce Squadron. 
 Mikulec, Jursef— Pvt., 41st Co., 11th Battalion. 
 Mikulski, John F.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 Milbrandt, John C— Pvt., 2d Co., 102d Motor Supply 
 
 Train. WA .July, 1918. 
 Milbrod, Andrew — Pvt., Aberdeen Proving Grounds. 
 Milbrod, Edward— Pvt., Co. B, 327th B'n., Tank C'ps. 
 Miles, William E.— Pvt., 11th Coast Artillery. 
 Milford, Robert M.— 1st Lieut., 70th Field Artillery-. 
 Militello, Serofino— Pvt., Co. R, 4th Battalion. 
 Millar, William — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 Miller, Albert W. — 1st Sgt., Chemical Warfare Service. 
 Miller, Albert P. — 1st Sgt., Air Service. 
 Miller, Arthur — Pvt., Co. B, 57th Engineers. 
 Miller, Arthur P.— Corp., Co. A, 302d Amm. Train. 
 Miller, Benj. H.—Pvt., 67th Co., 155th Depot Brigade. 
 Miller, Carroll A. — Corp., 650th Aero Squadron. 
 Miller, Charles F. — Co. F, Aberdeen Proving Grounds. 
 Miller, Charles J.— Sgt., Headquarters, 57th C. A. C. 
 Miller, Charles H.—Pvt., 148th Field Art., Ord. Corps. 
 Miller, Charles J. — Pvt., Mobile Operating Unit 1st. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 571 
 
 Miller, Christopher J.— Pvt., Co. A, 109th M. G. B'n. 
 
 Miller, Charles N.— Pvt. W. 
 
 Miller, Cornelius F.— Sgt., Co. C, U. S. Guard. 
 
 Miller, Edw. J.— Pvt., Base Hospital 83. 
 
 Miller, Edw. W.— Pvt., 2d M. G. T. C. 
 
 Miller, Fred L. — Pvt., Headquarters, 147th Infantry. 
 
 Miller, George — 137th Ordnance Field Depot. 
 
 Miller, George— Sgt., 8th Supply Co. 
 
 Miller, George— Pvt., Co. F, 118th Engineers. 
 
 Miller, George W. — Radio Operator, Radio School, 
 
 Cambridge, Mass. 
 Miller, Gerhard F.— Sgt., 6th Co., 216th F. Sign. Bat'n. 
 Miller, Guy C— Pvt., Headquarters, 30th C. A. C. 
 Miller, Harold J. — Pvt., Field Ambulance Sec. 
 Miller, Harry G.— Pvt., 2d., M. G. T. C. 
 Miller, Henry— Pvt., 3d Battalion F. A. R. R. 
 Miller, Herbert P. — Master Engineer, 489th Engineers. 
 Miller, Howard C. — 315th Remount Depot. 
 Miller, Irving H. — Sgt., Quartermasters Corps. 
 Miller, Jacob C— Sgt., 302d Eng. WG August, 1918. 
 Miller, John F.— Capt., Zone Officer. 
 Miller, John J.— Pvt., Co. F, 307th Infantry. 
 Miller, John M. — Pvt., Air Service Radio Detachment. 
 Miller, John C. — Mach. 9th, Depot Brigade. 
 Miller, John— Pvt., WA. 
 
 Miller, John V. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Miller, John W.— Corp., Co. H, 7th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 30, 1918. 
 Miller, Joseph — Lieut., WA. 
 
 Miller, Joseph— Pvt., Co. F, 307th Infantry. WG Sep- 
 tember 6, 1918. 
 Miller, Leander F.— Pvt., 5th Co., O. P. S. D. 
 Miller, Lawrence M.— Pvt., Co. E, 38th Infantry. 
 
 Taken Prisoner. 
 Miller, Michael J.— Corp., Co. B, 311th Infantry. 
 Miller, Paul E.— Sgt., 489th Engineers. 
 Miller, Peter P.— Capt., 28th Infantry. 
 Miller, Robert — Pvt., Headquarters, C. A. C. 
 Miller, Robert E.— Corp. S. A. T. C. 
 Miller, Samuel S.— Pvt., 316th Supply Co. 
 Miller, S. G.— Pvt., 8th Co., N. R. Station. 
 Miller, Stephen— Pvt., 403d Bat'n Machine Shop. 
 Miller, Stephen C. F.— Pvt., Co. A, 306th Infantry. 
 
 WA October 14, 1918. 
 Miller, Thomas H.— Pvt., 103d A. S. 
 Miller, Warren B. — Sgt., 1st Motor Mechanics. 
 Miller, William— Pvt., 309th Inf. WA October 15, 1918. 
 Miller, William F.— Ist-class Pvt., Hdqrs., 147th Inf. 
 Miller, Wilbert J.— Wagoner, Co. C, 102d Amm. Train. 
 Miller, William I.— Pvt., 8th Co., Evac. Ambulance. 
 Miller, William— Pvt., WA 
 
 Miller, William R.— Ward Master, Base Hospital 83. 
 Milliken, Carl E.— Pvt., Battery B, 122d F. A. 
 Milliken, Charles E.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. 
 
 WG October 1, 1918. 
 Milliken, Charles E.— Pvt., WA. 
 Millitello, Serafino— Pvt., Co. C, 348th Infantry. 
 Millring, Fred G. — Pvt., Headquarters, 147th Infantry. 
 
 WA January 29, 1918. 
 Mills, Geo. F.— Capt., Medical Corps. 
 Milmore, Frank — Pvt., 11th Coast Artillery Corps. 
 
 Milsafe, Harry V.— Pvt., Co. B, 212th T. S. Battalion. 
 Minkel, Amos J. — Lieut., Base Hospital 98. Sailed for 
 
 France November 10, 1918. 
 Minacore, Salvatore — Pvt., 71st Infantry. 
 Minkel, Geo. F. — Pvt., Medical Corps. 
 Minsmack, Edward F.— Ist-elass Sgt., S. A. T. C. 
 Mingen, Arthur J.— Pvt., Co. E, 309th Infantry. 
 Minnick, Elmer C. — Ist-class Pvt., Flying School Det. 
 Minniss, George S. — Major, 422d Labor Battalion. 
 Minott, James — Pvt., Battery B, 27th Field Artillery. 
 Mintus, Stanley — Pvt., 502d Engineer Service, Battery 
 
 D. WG April, 1918. 
 Mintus, Thomas— Pvt., 140th Guard Co. 
 Mintus, Walter— Pvt., M. G. Co., 346th Infantry. 
 Mintz, Lewis U.— Pvt., 13th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Minzynski, Victor L. — Pvt., WA. 
 
 Mioducki, Felix E. — Corp., Ordnance Dept., 3d F. A. 
 Mischler, Norbert— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Miscichowski, Joseph — Pvt., M. R. S. 
 Mishoe, William D.— Pvt., Truck 2, 12th Amm. Train. 
 Misiak, Joseph— Pvt., Co. B, 328th Infantry. 
 Miskie, Stephen— Pvt., Co. A, 19th Infantry. 
 Misrikowski, Jerome J.— Pvt., 47th Co., 5th. WA 
 
 July, 1918. 
 Missert, Albert — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Missert, Aloysius J. — Sgt. Co. E, 311th Infantry. 
 Mistretta, Victor R.— Pvt., Battery F, 335th F. A. 
 Miszkelis, Joseph— Pvt., 49th Co., 5th. WA. 
 Mitchell, Clarence H. — Pvt., Army Medical School, 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 Mitchell, Herbert— Pvt., Co. B, 322d M. G. Battalion. 
 Mitchell, Hugh L.— Pvt., 102d N. Y. Engineers. 
 Mitchell, Raymond W.— Capt., Co. B, 37th Engineers. 
 Mitchell, Wm.— Pvt., WA. 
 Mitschow, Theo. M.— Pvt., Tank Corps. 
 Mittelberger, Edward — Pvt., Co. C, 128th Engineers. 
 Mitten, A. E. 
 
 Mittler, Frank X. — Unit 455 Motor Transport Corps. 
 Mix, Raymond T.— Pvt., 125th Battalion, C. E. F. 
 Mixer, Knowlton, Jr.— S. A. T. C. ( WilHams.) 
 Mock, Alfred R.— 1st Lieut., 320th Air Service. 
 Moch, Frank— Pvt., 102d Amm. Train, Ord. Detach. 
 Mock, John— Pvt., Co. B, 335th Machine Gun Bat. 
 Mock, Raymond J.— Pvt., Co. C, 102d Amm. Train. 
 Mock, Stanley— Pvt., Evac. Hospital 79. 
 Mockers, Albert — Ist-class Pvt., 626th Aero Squadron. 
 Mockler, John T. — 1st Lieut., Co. B, 514th Engineers 
 Moderto, Gindi — Pvt., Camp Dix. 
 Moeller, Max F.— Pvt., WA. 
 Moeller, William A.— Pvt., Co. K, 7th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 6, 1918. 
 Moeller, William M.— Pvt.,Co.C, 332d Bat.Tank Corps. 
 Moershfelder, Herbert L.— Sgt., S. A. T. C. 
 Moesel, Edward— Pvt., Co. D, 308th M. G. Bat'n. 
 Moessinger, Wm. E.— 1st Lieut., Co. E, 309th F. A. 
 Mogavero, Nicholas — Pvt., Co. C, Base Hospital. 
 Mogge, Norton W.— 1st Lieut., Co. B, 10th Battalion 
 
 Replacement Training Center, Camp Lee, Va. 
 Mohr, Charles F.— Pvt., WA September 25, 1918. 
 Mohr, William— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry. 
 Molea, Andrew — Pvt., Co. A, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 
572 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Mohn, John E.— Sgt.. M. G. Co., 309th Infantry. 
 MoHk, Joseph— Pvt., WA. 
 
 Moll, Francis H.— 2d Lieut., Tr'g School for Officers. 
 Mollnow, Lawrence — Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 Molyneaux, Andrew — Pvt., Co. C, 348th Infantry. 
 Momberger, Ernst A. — Pvt., Co. G, 21st Engineers. 
 Mombrea, John C. — Co. E, 342d Infantry. 
 Mombrea, Jos. A. — Co. D, 1st Pioneer Infantry. 
 Monaco, Carmen — Co. K, 3d Prov. 156th Depot Brig. 
 Moncrieff, Ernest V. — Capt., 102d Amm. Train. 
 Moncrieflf, Howard F.— Lieut., A. S. E. R. C. 
 Monczynski, Victor L. — Sgt., WA. 
 Mongolia, Anthony — Pvt., 
 
 Monk, LeRoy— Ist-class Pvt., Co. C, 27th Infantry. 
 Montagna, Decimo — Musician, 55th Pioneers. 
 Montileone, Francesco — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Montgomery, Nelson T. — Corp., Co. B, 106th Supply 
 
 Train. 
 Movath, William F.— Sgt., Co. B, 55th Pioneer Infantry 
 Mooney, Charles A. — Sgt., 8th Supply Co. 
 Mooney, Charles F.— Corp., Co. K, 310th Infantry, 
 
 WA October, 1918 
 Mooney, Charles P.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. E, 418th Tel. 
 
 Battalion. 
 Mooney, Harry W. — Pvt., Hdqrs., 212th Engineers. 
 Mooney, Herbert A.— Pvt., 149th Field Artillery. 
 Mooney, Raymond A. — 2d Lieut., 45th Field Artillery. 
 Moore, Arnott A. — 1st Lieut., Base Hospital 138. 
 Moore, George A.— Pvt., Battery C, 2d F. A. 
 Moore, George H. — Pvt., Troop L, 1st Cavalry. 
 Moore, George H. — Pvt., Co. H, 1st Cavalry. 
 Moore, Ivan T.— Pvt., Co. D, 74th N. Y. G. 
 Moore, James D. — Pvt., 16 Columbus. WA October 
 
 28, 1918, France. 
 Moore, W. Chester — U. S. Radio Station. 
 Moore, James C— Corp., S. A. T. C. 
 Morabito, Santi — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Moran, John J.— C. O. T. S. 
 
 Moritz, Albert E.— Pvt., Co. M, 3d, 311th Infantry. W. 
 Morlock, Peter C— Pvt. 
 
 Moroge, Charles— Corp., Co. C, 106th Supply Train. 
 Moroge, Edward— Pvt., Co. A, 306th Inf. G and Burned. 
 Moroge, Jean B. — Pvt., Casual Recruit. 
 Moran, Daniel F. — Supply, 320th Quartermaster Corps. 
 Moran, Michael E. — Corp., Co. C, 70th Engineers. 
 Moran, Ross J. — Corp., Machine Gun Co., 307th Inf. 
 Morano, Ralph F.— Pvt., 153d Depot, 65th. 
 Moranskie, Leo J. — Pvt., 8th Co., 157th Depot Brigade. 
 Morath, John— Pvt., Co. C, 12th Battalion. 
 Morath, William F.— Supply Sgt., Co. B, 55th Pioneers. 
 More, Edw. A. — 1st Lieut., Quartermaster Department. 
 More, Morgan B. — Capt., Air Service Supply Sec, Paris 
 More, William A.— Capt., School of Fire, Fort Sill. 
 Morelock, John L. — Headquarters, 303d Amm. Train. 
 Morgan, Chas.— Pvt., Co. A, 309th Infantry. 
 Morgan, Justin C— Pvt., Co. B, S. A. T.C. ( Colgate U.) 
 Morgan, Wm. J.— 1st Sgt., 309th Infantry. 
 Morgan, Ed. R.— Corp. WA. 
 Morgester, Maurice C. — Co. D, 74th. 
 Moriarity, Bart J.— Pvt., Co. D, 307th Inf. Prisoner. 
 Moriarity John F. — Ist-class Pvt.,Mach. Gun, 307th Inf. 
 
 Morady, Wilson J.— Pvt., Battery F, 330th F. A. 
 Morgam, Godfrey, Jr.— Sgt., Co. A, S. A. T. C. 
 Morgana, David T.— Pvt., 1st Co.,M. T. C, 307th Unit. 
 Moritz, Albert E.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 Morlinski, Leon — Pvt., Co. L, 17th Infantry. 
 Morlock, Charles W. — Sgt., Ordnance. 
 Morlock, John L. — Pvt., Headquarters, 303d Am. Tr. 
 Morlock, Peter C— Pvt., Co. B, 308th Machine Gun. 
 
 G. September. 
 Mormino, Leo — Pvt., Co. A, 54th Engineers. 
 Moroge, Edward — Pvt. W. 
 
 Morris, Douglas G.— Pvt., Co. B, 307th Amm. Train. 
 Morris, Joseph — Pvt., Hdqrs., 1st Co., Ord. Rep. Shop. 
 Morris, Louis — Sgt., Headquarters, 0. M. R. L. 
 Morris, Roland A.— Sgt., Co. E, 303d Engineers. 
 Morrison, Abe A. — Ist-class Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Morrison, Donald R.— Sgt., 408th Motor Trans. Co. 
 Morrison, Harry L. — Pvt., Co. H, 2d Depot Battahon. 
 Morrison, John C. — Sgt., Headquarters, 309th Inf. 
 Morrissey, Edward P. — Sgt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Distinguished Service Cross for heroism near Bazoches. 
 
 Morse, Leo— Sgt., Co. A, 49th U. S. Infantry. 
 Mortek, John — Pvt., 226th Aero Squadron, Aviation. 
 Morton, Raymond A. — Pvt., Hdqrs Troop, 87th Div. 
 Mosgrober, George — Pvt., Co. H, 325th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 11, 1918. 
 Moshow, A. F.— Pvt., Co. G, 325th Infantry. WA. 
 Mosier, Charles J.— 5th Co., R. R. & C. 
 Moskal, John P. — Co. I, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 Mospaw, Herbert A.— Pvt., Co. F, 106th Supply Train. 
 Mossmoud, Louis — Pvt., Hdqrs., U. S. Tank Corps, 
 
 344th Battery. 
 Mostkowski, Joseph — Pvt. 
 Mostyn, Martin— Pvt., Co. K, 307th Infantry. 
 Mould, Harry W.— Sgt., Co. G, 21st Engineers. 
 Moerns, Hallam L.— Capt., 349th Regt., Field Art. 
 Moyer, Deloss C— Pvt., Co. B, 347th. 
 Moyer, Harry — Pvt., 47th Field Artillery Band. 
 Moylan, William D. — Lieut. W. 
 Moynihan, Arthur V. — Pvt., Hdqrs., 69th Engineers. 
 Moynihan, Daniel P.— Corp., S. A. T. C. 
 Mronczynski, Casimir J. — Co. A, 42d Infantry. 
 Mrozek, Anthony— Pvt., Co. L, 306th. WA October 
 
 14, 1918. 
 Mulroney, Fred L. — Pvt. W. 
 Mucha, Ignacy — Pvt. W. 
 Muckler, Daniel M. — Electrician Radio. 
 Muckler, Horace D. — 11th Co., Infantry. 
 Muckler, John B. — 2d Co., Canadian Artillery. WA 
 
 September 5, 1918. 
 Mueller, Peter — Corp., 17th Ordnance Guard Co. 
 Mueller, William L.— Pvt. W. 
 
 Mueller, William F.— Battery F, 335th Field Artillery. 
 Mueller, William L. — Ist-class Pvt., Headquarters, 
 
 Detach., 155th Inf. Brig., 78th Div. WA Oct. 6, 1918 
 Mueller, William F.— Battery F, 335th Field Artillery. 
 Muench, Edward — Utilities Division. 
 Mueller, Bernhardt — Sgt., Utility Quartermaster Corps 
 Mueller, Joseph A.— Pvt., 7th B'n., 153d D. Brig., 27th. 
 Mufloletto, Charles — Corp., Co. C, 2d Provisional. 
 Mugler, Charles P. — Corp., Co. D, 59th Amm. Train. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 573 
 
 Mugler, Milton W.— Pvt., S. A. T. C, ( Colgate.) 
 Mullane, Daniel J.— Pvt., Co. L, 135th Inf., 34th Div. 
 Mullen, Cyril F.— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers. Gas- 
 sed and Wounded, September 6, and October 20, 1918. 
 Mullen, John E.— Sgt., Hdqrs. Detach., 5th Guard Div. 
 Mullen, Joseph R.— S. A. T. C. 
 
 Mullen, William S.— Pvt., Fire Truck & Hose Co. 327th 
 Mullenhoff, George W.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. F, 118th 
 
 Engineers. 
 Mullett, Ed R. — Recruit, Columbus Barracks. 
 Mulligan, Edw. J.— Pvt., Batt. C, 17th Machine Gun. 
 Mulligan, Martin J. — Lieut., Supply, 327th Infantry. 
 Mulroney, Fred L. — Pvt. W. 
 Mumuloos, Ernest — Pvt., 302d Engineers. 
 Munschauer, Orville W. — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneers. 
 Munschauer, Louis M. — Pvt., Co. A, 2d Anti-Air 
 
 Craft Machine Gun Battalion. 
 Mundt, Robert B. — Pvt., Chemical W'arfare Division. 
 Munro, Gordon — Corp., 102d Ammunition Train. 
 Munson, Harry — Medical Supply Depot. 
 Munter, Adelbert I. — 433d Motor Supply Train. 
 Munzert, Edw. H.~Pvt., Co. M, 310th Infantry. 
 Murawski, Edw.— 6th Battalion, 21st Co., 153d D. B. 
 Murawski, John— Pvt., Co. G, 306th Infantrj'. WA 
 
 November, 1918. 
 Murphy, Albert F.— Sgt., Co. B, 306th Infantry. 
 Murphy, Charles E.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Murphy, Clarence J. — Rgt. Sgt. Major, Headq'rs, 311th 
 
 Infantry. 
 Murphy, Cornelius F. — Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 Murphy, Daniel A. — Batt. Sgt. Maj., Headquarters, 
 
 Camp Personnel. 
 Murphy, Daniel C. — Ist-class Pvt. 
 Murphy, Dave— Corp., Co. H, 309th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 24, 1918. 
 Murphy, Daniel J. — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Murphy, Edward F. — Pvt., Headquarters, 302d Engrs. 
 Murphy, Edw. H. — Lieut., Motor Transport Corps. 
 Murphy, Edw. Harold— Ist-class Pvt., Co. B, 346th Inf. 
 Murphy, Edwin J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. (Oswego). 
 Murphy, Edw. T.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. 
 Murphy, Eugene C. — 1st Lieut., Co. D, U. S. Guards, 
 
 34th Battalion. 
 Murphy, Frank H.— Student, R. O. T. G. 
 Murphy, Eugene F. — Ist-class Pvt., Base Hospital 23. 
 Murphy, Francis D.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Murphy, Harold A.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Murphy, Lawrence W.— Pvt., Co. C, Q. A. R. D. 
 Murphy, F. Raymond — Pvt., Co. E, Students' Army 
 
 Training Corps. (Carnegie Tech). 
 Murphy, James J.— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry. 
 Murphy, Jerry R. — 1st Lieut., Base Hospital 58. 
 Murphy, John C. — Pvt., Co. B, 62d Engineers. 
 Murphy, John J. — Capt., Co. H, 11th Infantry. 
 Murphy, John J.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. 
 Murphy, Joseph G. — Capt., Located Washington. 
 Murphy, John S.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. D, 303d Motor 
 
 Supply Train. 
 Murphy, Lawrence G. — Sgt., Utility Quartermaster 
 
 Corps. 
 Murphy, Michael J. — Corp., Hdqrs., 302d Engineers. 
 
 Murphy, Raymond— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Murphy, Paul — Corp., 309th Infantry. 
 Murphy, Robert B. — Corp., Hdqrs., Central Officers' 
 
 Training School. 
 Murphy, Robert T.— Sgt., 683d Aero Squadron. 
 Murphy, Thomas J.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. 
 Murphy, Thomas R.— Corp., 309th Field Artillery. 
 Murphy, William D.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. 
 
 WA August 31, 1918. 
 Murphy, William J.— Pvt., Co. A, 62d Engineers. 
 Murry, Richard J. — Sgt., WA. 
 Murray, Albert — Pvt., Coast Guards. 
 Murray, Arthur W. — 1st Sgt., Co. C, 55th Pioneers. 
 
 Prisoner of War Escort Co. 213. 
 Murray, Edward — Ist-class Pvt., 346th Infantry. 
 Murray, Edward A.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. M, 308th In- 
 fantry, 77th Division. 
 Murray, Edwin J. — Ist-class Pvt., Hdqrs., Camp Dix. 
 Murray, Hubert V.— 1st Sgt., Co. D, 165th Infantry. 
 Murphy, James J. — Army Transport Service. 
 Murray, James T. — Pvt., 15 Canadian Battalion. 
 Murray, James W.— Pvt., Co. C, 117th Field Sig. Bat'n. 
 Murray, John A. — Pvt., 1st Training Brigade, Aviation 
 
 Section, Kelly Field. 
 Murray, John C. — Pvt., Co. D, 307. Injured, August. 
 Murray, John P.— Pvt., Co. B, 209th Engineers. 
 Murray, Joseph F. — Corp., Co. C, Tank Corps, 331 Bat. 
 Murray, Joseph M. — Pvt., 815 Engineers Battalion. 
 Murray, Leslie — Candidate, 48 Training Batt., Central 
 
 Officers' Training School. 
 Murray, Michael F.— Pvt., Co. A, 322d Infantry. 
 Murray, Oliver F.— Lieut., Co. C, 303d Supply Train. 
 Murray, Richard J. — Pvt., WA. 
 Murray, Richard N.— Pvt., Battery C, 349th F. A. 
 Murray, Robert J. — Pvt., Aircraft Acceptance, Parti. 
 Murray, Thomas T. 
 Murray, William J. — Corp., 3d Army of Regular 
 
 Occupation. Gassed slightly. 
 Murrett, Peter J.— Co. Commander, 949th E. U. S. 
 
 N. R. F. Camp Farragut. 
 Murrett, Raymond A.— Pvt., 2d Co., 1st Battery, 153d 
 
 Depot Brigade. 
 Murtha, Charles A.— Pvt., Co. L, 345th Infantry. 
 Murtha, Frank R.— Pvt., 303d M. R. S. WA. 
 Murtha, Leo J.— Pvt., Co. K, 2d Replacement Inf. 
 Murty, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. D, 305th Infantry. 
 Muscarello, Laurence J. — Pvt., Co. A, War Vocational 
 
 Training, Cornell. 
 Muschaweck, Eisdor. 
 
 Muscoreil, Joseph J. — Co. C, Tank Corps 331. 
 Musha, Ignacy — Pvt., WA. 
 
 Musialowski, Francis J. — Engineer, Co. C, 122d Regt. 
 Musillo, Domenie,— Co. F, 312th Supply Train. 
 Muskopf, Al F.— Ist-class Sgt., 827th Aero Squadron. 
 Mussen, John C. Jr. — Corp., Co. B, 303d Engineers. 
 Mustard, Walter L.— Pvt., Co. I, 346th Infantry. 
 Muth, Carl F.— Pvt. WA. 
 Muth, Paul J.— Pvt., Co. E, 307th M. T. C. 
 Muzalewski, Paul J.— Ist-class Pvt., 348th Infantry, 
 
 Sanitary Detachment. 
 Mayer, Raymond J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
574 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Myers, Curtis C. — Capt., Ordnance Dept. 
 
 Myers, Guy C— Pvt., Co. C, 304th Field Artillery. 
 
 Myers, J. Douglas — Lds. E., Radio. 
 
 Myers, Julius E. — Pvt., Aviation Squadron G. 
 
 Myers, William C— 2d Co., Depot 4, Ord., Base Sec. 
 
 Myers, William J. — Pvt., Camp Upton. 
 
 Mytko, Stephen— Pvt., Co. D, U. S. Guards, 47th Bn. 
 
 Naber, Raymond E.— Corp., Hdqrs., Co. 347th Lab. Bn 
 
 Nachreiner, Joseph — Pvt., 118th Engineers. 
 
 Nachreiner, Joseph J. — Pvt., Co. K, 331st Infantry. 
 
 Naczek, John— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. WA 
 
 November 6, 1918. 
 Naczek, John M.— Pvt. WA. 
 Nadolinski, John C— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 26, 1918. 
 Nadolny, Teofil A.— Pvt., Co. G, 61st Infantry. 
 Naedele, John — Pvt., 345th Infantry. 
 Naegely, Ernst A. — Pvt. 
 
 Naegler, Fred L. — Wagoner, Supply Co. 309th Inf. 
 Naffky, Charles T.— Pvt., Co. A, 61st Infantry. WA 
 
 October 15, 1918. 
 Nagel, Edward— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. WA 
 
 October 14, 1918. 
 Nagel, Fred— Pvt. 
 
 Nagel, Raymond J.— Pvt., Co. A, 7th Field Artillery. 
 Nagel, Walter— Pvt., Co. C, 311th Infantry. WA 
 
 April 18, 1918. 
 Nagle, Roy M.— Pvt., 25th Co., Ft. Slocum. 
 Nagle, Antoni — Chasseur, 2d Co, 2d Chasseurs (French) 
 Nagle, Frank C— Sgt. 
 Nagowski, Victor— Corp., 303d M. S. T. 
 Nagowski, Aloizy — Corp., Co. H, 108th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 29, 1918, at Ronssoy. 
 
 Awarded D.S.C. for extraordinary heroism in action near Rons- 
 soy, France. 
 
 Nairn, B. Ross — Capt., Camp Dodge. 
 
 Namszewicz, Anthony — Band Leader, Hdqrs. Co. 53d 
 
 Infantry. 
 Nantka, Louis J. — Pvt., Hdqrs. Co., 347th Infantry. 
 Napieralski, Walter — Pvt. 
 
 Napierata, Michael — Pvt., Co. A, Ordnance Corps. 
 Napiorkowski, Con— Pvt., Co. H, 347th Infantry. 
 Naples, James J. — Pvt., Co. I, 348th Infantry. 
 Naples, Sebastian— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Napolitano, Grovanno — Pvt., WA. 
 Napurala, Stanley — Pvt., Co. D, 302 Engineers. 
 Narieszewicz, Anton W. — Band Leader, 53d Infantry. 
 Nash, John J.— Pvt., Co. D, 347th Infantry. 
 Naugle, Clark A.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. WA 
 
 September 28, 1918. 
 Nourcki, Kosimer — Pvt. 
 
 Nouth, Herbert H. 0. — Sgt., Military Aeronautics 14. 
 Navagh, John A.— Corp., 340th Co., 5th Prov. Bn. 
 Nawojski, Felix— Hdqrs. Co., 311th Infantry. WG. 
 
 October 31, 1918. 
 Nawrot, Michael— Pvt., 39th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Naythomas, Edward— Pvt., 39th Co., 153d D. B. 
 Naythomas, Edward— Pvt., Co. A, 109th M. G. Bat'n. 
 Nozzarino, Peruzzino — Co. K, 119th Infantry. 
 Neal, Wilfred— Sgt., 28th C. C. 
 Neasmith, John J. — Pvt., Co. A, 20th Engineers. 
 
 Necol, James — Corp., Co. E, 331st Infantry. 
 
 Neet, John T. H.— Pvt., Co. B, 38th Am. Train. 
 
 Needham, John D.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Neeley, David — Lieut., Quartermasters Corps. 
 
 Neenan, Michael — Pvt., 315th Labor Battalion. WA. 
 
 Neff, Richard— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Nehin, Harry E.— Pvt., Hdqrs. Co. 307th Infantry. 
 
 Neidrauer, Roy — Pvt., Co. A, 129th Engineers. 
 
 Neil, Lester C— Frm., U. S. Guards. 
 
 Neilans, Thomas G. — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneers. 
 
 Neill, Roger L. — Lieut., Quartermasters Corps. 
 
 Neiman, Stefan — Pvt., 328th Ambulance Co. 
 
 Nellist, Wm. H.— Sgt., Co. F, 318th Infantry. 
 
 Nelson, Edward F. — Orderly, Boston, Mass. 
 
 Neri, Salvatore — Pvt., Camp McCelllan. 
 
 Nesczcynski, Frank — Pvt., Camp Upton. 
 
 Netter, JohnL. — Mechanic, 11th Co. .Columbus Bar'ks. 
 
 Nettleton, Albert E.— Lieut., Co. K, 160th Depot Brig. 
 
 Neu, Louis J. — Sgt., 346th Labor Battalion. 
 
 Neubauer, Bernard — Capt., General Hospital 1. 
 
 Neubaert, John L.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Neubert, John— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Neuffer, Rinehard J.— Pvt., Co. N, 311th Infantry. 
 WA September 26, 1918. 
 
 Neuman, John— Pvt., Co. F, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Neumann, August — Pvt., Co. C, 312th Am. Train. 
 
 Neumann, Charles — Corp., 4th Div. Headq'rs. Troop. 
 
 Neumeister, Frank J.— Co. C, U. S. G., 14th Bat. 
 
 Neunder, George — Pvt., Co. E, 1st Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Neureuther, Ben — Pvt., Hospital Train 50. 
 
 Neureuter, Clarence — Pvt., Aircraft Production Depot. 
 
 Neureuter, Val C— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Neurohr, Matt— Pvt., 101st Unit. 
 
 Neville, Joseph G.— Pvt., 17th Co., 20th Engineers. 
 
 Newbrook, George — Pvt., Co. A, 502d Service Bat. 
 
 Newbrook, F. D.— Sgt., Co. A, 502d Eng. Service Bat. 
 
 Newell, Caryl H.— Lieut., 160th Depot Brigade. 
 
 Newell, Charles — Pvt., 102d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Newell, Louis F.— Pvt., Co. F, 147th Engineers. 
 
 Newell, Richard— Hdqrs., 154th Inf. Brig. WA Vesle. 
 
 Newhall, Edward S.— Lieut., 56th Field Artillery. 
 
 Newman, David— Pvt., Co. E, 310th Infantry. 
 
 Newman, Lewis E.— Pvt. WA October 7, 1918. 
 
 Newman, Stanley J. — Pvt., 323d Supply Co., Quarter- 
 master Corps. W October, 1918, France. Casual W. 
 
 Newman, William E.— Pvt., 308th Motor Supply Train. 
 
 Newton, James — Corp., 165th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 
 Neyerlin, Chester J.— Pvt., Co. D, 312th M. A. 
 
 Nichol, Allen H. — Corp., Medical. 
 
 Nicholaus, John T. — Lieut., Dental Corps. 
 
 Nicholaus, Stephen G. — Pvt., 9th Trench Mortar. 
 
 Nichols, Harold J.— Sgt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Nichols, Harvey — Postal Clerk, 41st Division. 
 
 Nichols, Henry E.— Pvt., Hdqrs. Co., 152d Depot Brig. 
 
 Nichols, Paul — Pvt. Ist-class, Co. A, 29th Engineers. 
 
 Nichols, Thaddeus — 16th Motor Mechanics. 
 
 Nichols, Wallace B.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Nichols, Vincent C. — Cook, 837th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Nicholson, Earl T.— Bugler, Co. D, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Nicholson, Harry J.— Pvt. Ist-class, Co. C, 305th 
 Machine Gun Battalion. G August 17, 1918. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 575 
 
 Nickrenz, George F. — Pvt., Casual Battalion. 
 
 Nicinski, Joseph — Pvt., 87th Detachment. 
 
 Nicholson, Wm.—Pvt. WA. 
 
 Nicol, Allen H. — Sgt., Medical Corps. 
 
 Nicol, John P.— Pvt., Co. B, 18th Infantry. 
 
 Nicponski, John B.— Pvt., Co. E, 325th. 
 
 Nicosia, Michael — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Nicosia, Manuel S.— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Nieb, Emil— Pvt., Supply Co., 59th Field Artillery. 
 
 Nielsen, Herbert S. — Lieut., Co. L, 107th Infantry. 
 
 Nieman, Charles C. — Pvt., 734th Motor Trans. Corps. 
 
 Nieman, James — Sgt. 
 
 Niemczyk, John — Pvt., Base Hospital, Camp Custer. 
 
 Niespodziany, Walyslaw — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Nies, John P. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Niespodzinski, Michael — Pvt. 
 
 Niespodziany, Walter — Pvt., Co. E, 147th Infantry. 
 
 Niester, Peter — Pvt., Co. K, 7th Infantry. 
 
 Niesyto, Joe— Pvt., Co. B, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Nietz, Norman W.— Pvt., Co. A, 313th Mach. Gun Bat. 
 
 Niewczyk, Walter — Pvt. 
 
 Niles, Chauncey P.— Pvt., Co. B, 316th Mach. Gun B'n. 
 
 Niles, Adelbert A.— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Nillmann, Anthony J. — Pvt. 
 
 Nimon, Ralph E.— Pvt., Co. B, 37th Engineers. WA. 
 
 September, 1918. 
 Nisita, Carl A.— Sgt., Co. A, 309th Infantry. 
 Niven, Fred A. — Corp., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 Nixon, Harold D.— Pvt., 307th Infantry. WA. 
 Noah, Carl — Pvt., 316th Ammunition Train. 
 Noble, Chauncey H.— Pvt., Co. F, 102d Engineers. 
 
 WG October 27, 1918. 
 Noble, Lawrence J. — Pvt., Co. C, 316th Engineers. 
 Noedele, John— Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry. 
 Nolan, Christ J.— Pvt., Co. D, 155th Depot Brigade. 
 Nolan, Edward J. — Sevt., Headquarters Co., 306th 
 
 Machine Gun Battalion. WG September 7, 1918. 
 Nolan, James A. — Corp., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Nolan, J. W.— Pvt., 302d Sanitary Train. 
 Nolan, Raymond W. — Corp., Co. E, 2d Regiment, 
 
 Camp Taylor. 
 Nole, Felix— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 Noll, William C— Pvt., Co. B, 57th Infantry. WA 
 
 August, 1918. 
 Noonan, Walter A. — Pvt., Co. A, 9th Brigade. 
 Norgren, Joseph E. — Corp. WA. 
 Norris, Harold S. — Capt., 10th Anti-Aircraft Battery. 
 Northen, Harold — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Norris, Wilfred L.— Pvt., Co. I, 346th Infantry. 
 Notaro, Joseph — Pvt., 135th Infantry. 
 Notaro, Carmelo— Pvt., Battery F, 34th Field Artillery. 
 Notman, Bruce P.— T. O. T. C. 
 Notman, Robert A. — Lieut., 38th Field Artillery. 
 Notman, Walter J.— Sgt., C. A. O. S. 
 Notman, Wm. D. — Capt., Ordnance Department. 
 Noves, Charles A. — Pvt., Co. D, Motor Trans. Corps. 
 Nowacki, Stanislaus — Pvt., Co. D, 17th Engineers. 
 Nowak, Edward B. — Mchst., 1103d Aero Squadron. 
 Nowak, Frank C— Pvt. 
 Nowak, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 27, 1918. 
 
 Nowak, John— Pvt., Co. C, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Nowak, John E. — Pvt. 
 
 Nowak, Michael — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Nowak, Stephen A.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Nowak, Val S.— Pvt., 29th Signal Battalion. 
 
 Nowak, Vincent A.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 346th Inf. 
 
 Nowak, Walter— Sgt., Co. G, 21st Engineers. 
 
 Nowajski, Felix — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 311th In- 
 fantry. WG October 29, 1918. 
 
 Nowakowski, John J. — Sgt., Co. B, 48th Infantry. 
 
 Nowicki, Adam — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Nowicki, John— Corp., Co. H, 248th Infantry. 
 
 Nowicki, Benjamin R. — Pvt., Co. B, 94th Engineers. 
 
 Nowicki, John F. — Wagoner, Co. C, 303d Am. Train. 
 
 Nowicki, Max — Pvt., 308th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Nowicki, Stanley — Pvt., Co. D, 502d Engineers. 
 
 Nuermberger, Geo. E. — Cook, 306th Quartermaster C'p 
 
 Neuse, Paul E.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 26th Inf. 
 
 Nugent, William H. — Pvt., 224th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Nuhrbach, Alfred L.— Pvt., Base Hospital 83. 
 
 Nusall, Stephen A.— Pvt., Battery B, 58th F. A. 
 
 Nusbaum, Joseph M. — Sgt., Service Park Unit 342. 
 
 Nussbaum, Ray — 17th Balloon Company. 
 
 Nuttle, Thomas W.— Sgt., 101st Field Bakery. 
 
 Nycko, Thomas— Pvt., Co. K, 156th Depot Brigade. 
 
 Nyderek, John — Ist-class Pvt. Co. G, 51st Pioneers. 
 
 Gates, Leo E.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. WA 
 September 22, 1918, St. Mihiel. 
 
 Obenauer, William T.— Pvt., Co. C, 12th Batt., Inf. 
 
 Ober, Frank B.— Capt., Battery F, 315th Field Art. 
 
 Oberkircher, Oscar J. — Lieut., Base Hospital 66. 
 
 Obermeier, Jacob— Pvt., Battery D, 334th F. A. 
 
 Obermeier, Stephen — Pvt., 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Oberrheimer, Frank H. — Corp., Co. B, 51st Infantry. 
 
 Oberst, Harry C— Howick Hall. 
 
 Oberst, William C— Pvt., Co. A, 16th Engineers. 
 
 Obertean, Edward C— Sgt. 
 
 Oberti, Giovannie — Pvt., 3d Co., Artillery. 
 
 O'Boyle, Thomas J.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 327th Inf. 
 
 O'Brien, Charles— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry. 
 
 O'Brien, Charles— Pvt. WA. 
 
 O'Brien, Dennis— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Engineers. 
 
 O'Brien, Frank L.— Pvt., U. S. Coast Guards. 
 
 O'Brian, Harold F.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th Inf. 
 
 O'Brien, George R.— Pvt., Med. Det., 306th M. G. Bat. 
 
 O'Brien, Harold J. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 O'Brien, Harry S.— Pvt., Fire and Hose Co. 324th. 
 
 O'Brien, John— Sgt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. 
 
 O'Brien, Joseph — Pvt., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 
 O'Brien, Joseph V.— Pvt., R. R. C. Co. 130th. 
 
 O'Brien, Leo — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 O'Brien, John J.— Sgt., Co. D, 2d Engineers. 
 
 Distinguised Service Cross for heroism at St. Etienne. 
 
 O'Brien, Peter F.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 87th Div. 
 O'Brien, Robert— Pvt., Co. M, 306th Infantry. 
 O'Brien, Robert J.— Pvt., WA. 
 O'Brien, Stephen M.— Pvt., Co. M, 345th Infantry. 
 O'Brien, Thomas V.— Pvt., 35th Co., Camp Dix,9thBat. 
 O'Brien, Vincent E. — Sgt., Stevedores Regulars 301. 
 O'Brien, William A. — Pvt., 77th Co., Syracuse Camp. 
 O'Brien, Wm. J.— Sgt., 805th Stevedores. 
 
576 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 O'Callaghan,' William K. — Capt., Medical Corp. 
 
 O'Connell, Clarence — Pvt., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 
 O'Connell, George E.— Pvt., Co. A, 146th M. G. Bat. 
 
 O'Connell, Henry A.~Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 O'Connell, James— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. 
 
 O'Connell, James J.— Pvt., Co. F, 304th Am. Train. 
 
 O'Connell, John J.— Pvt., Co. K, 307th Infantry. 
 
 O'Connell, Michael— Sgt., Hdqrs. Co., M. G. School. 
 
 O'Connell, Michael J.— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry. 
 
 O'Connell, Michael J.— Pvt., Co. D, 303d Am. Train. 
 
 O'Connell, Morgan— Pvt., 309. 
 
 O'Connell, Raymond J.— Pvt., Co. K, 307th Infantry, 
 WA October 14, 1918. 
 
 O'Connell, Thomas V. — Corp., Hdqrs., 43 Art. Brigade. 
 
 O'Connell, Wm. A. — Sgt., Quarter Masters Corps. 
 
 O'Connor, Albert— Pvt., 8th Car Supply. 
 
 O'Connor, Charles B. — Pvt., Co. A, Motor Transport. 
 
 O'Connor, Clarence L. — Pvt., Hdqrs. Co., 2d Anti- 
 Aircraft Machine Gun Battalion. 
 
 O'Connor, John G. — Pvt., Machine Gun, 307th Infantry. 
 
 O'Connor, John P.— Sgt. 
 
 O'Connor, James A.— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C. 
 
 O'Connor, Joseph L. — Pvt., 6th Battery, Field Artillery. 
 
 O'Connor, .Joseph L.— Pvt., 317th S. R. 
 
 O'Connor, Stephen F. — Lieut., Army Transport Service. 
 
 O'Connor, William I.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Oczkowski, Leon A. — Corp., Battery E, 41 F. A. 
 
 Odaskozsky, Harry- Pvt., M. A. E. F. 
 
 O'Day, Bernard V. — Lieut., 5th Co., Engineers. 
 
 O'Day, James E.— Pvt., Battery E, 34th Field Artillery. 
 
 O'Day, Joseph F.— Pvt., 335th Field Artillery. 
 
 O'Day, Mary E. — Red Cross Nurse, Base Hospital, 
 Camp Jackson. 
 
 O'Day, Michael J.— Pvt., 
 
 Oddo, Nathaniel F.— Pvt., Co. T, 4th Infantry. 
 
 O'Dea, James J.— Pvt., Co. F, 304th Amm. Train. 
 
 Odea, John M.— Lieut., 309th M. G. Battalion. WA 
 October 16, 1918. 
 
 O'Dea, Michael, J. — Sgt., Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Odell, Ralph W.— Sgt., Air Service. 
 
 O'Dell, Theodore T.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Odien, Joseph J.— Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Odien, Philip T.— Corp., Co. C, 11th Vermont. 
 
 O'Donnell, Henry V.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Oehler, Carl— Pvt., 320th Tank Corps. 
 
 Oehler, Cornelius A. — Wagoner, Co. D, 303d Am. Train. 
 
 Oehler, George— Pvt., Co. C, 148th Infantry. 
 
 Oetinger, Edward H. — Pvt. 
 
 Oetinger, Otto A.— Pvt., WA. 
 
 Ogden, Herman J. — Pvt., Base Hospital 34. 
 
 Ogg, John H.— Pvt., 12th Co., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Oggessen, Oscar F. — Pvt., WA. 
 
 Ogilvie, H. H. — Canadian Expeditionary Forces. 
 
 O'Gorman, Francis M. — Capt., Base Hospital 119. 
 
 O'Grady, Harland J.— Pvt., Medical Staff, Royal 
 Air Force. 
 
 O'Grady, Michael— Pvt., WA. 
 
 O'Hara, Joe R.— Pvt., 502d Engineers. 
 
 O'Hara, John J.— Pvt., Co. D, 303d Am. Train. 
 
 O'Hara, Raymond F.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Ohlenschlager, Ernst— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Oilin, Max— Pvt., Co. H, 87th Division. 
 Oishei, Eugene A. — Pvt., Co. B, 3d Engineers. 
 O'Keefe, Denis — Mechanic, M. G. Co., 311th Infantry. 
 O'Kelly, Charles E.— Instructor, Rifle Range. Mt. 
 
 Pleasant. 
 Okon, Bart — Pvt., Co. A, 303d Ammunition Train. 
 O'Laughlin, John H.— Pvt. WA. 
 O'Laughlin, Roy J. — Pvt., 803d Transporation Bat. 
 Oldenburg, Alfred W.— Corp., Hdqrs. Co., M. T. 
 O'Leary, Emerson J. — Pvt., Co. K, 311th Infantry. 
 O'Leary, George— Pvt., Co. D, 55th C. A. C. 
 Olejniczak, John — Sgt., Field Hospital. 
 Olejmiczak, Julius — Pvt., Baker School. 
 Olejniczak, Sylvester J.— Pvt., Co. D, 325th Infantry. 
 
 WGS October 10, 1918. 
 Oliver, Adelbert R.— Pvt. 
 
 Oliver, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th M. G. Battalion. 
 Oliver, Harold J.— Pvt., Co. F, 104th Engineers. 
 Oliver, Walter T.— Pvt., WA. 
 O'Laughlin, Francis S.— Pvt., 307th Infantry, WA. 
 
 September 6, 1918. 
 Oldenburg, Alfred C. — Corp., Motor Transport Corps. 
 Olejuiczak, John — Pvt., Medical Department. 
 Olejuiczak, Sylvester— Pvt., Co. D, 325th Infantry. 
 O'Loughlin, John H.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry, WA. 
 
 September 27, 1918. 
 Olds, Omar G.— Pvt., Troop H, 5th Cavalry. 
 O'Leary, B. J.— Pvt., Co. A, 1st Battalion. 
 O'Leary, Daniel J.— Sgt., Co. 37, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Olechowski, John W.— Sgt., Co. B, 2d Corps. 
 Olejnicyak, Bourney — Sgt., Troop A, 15 M. P. 
 Olejinczak, Julius — 358th Bakery Co. 
 Olin, Robert N. — Lieut., Air Service. 
 Ollis, Edmund James— Pvt., Battery F, 319th F. A. 
 Olson, Clarence Wm. B. — Pvt., Ordnance Cas. 
 Oliver, Sgt., Battery E, 35th Field Artillery. 
 Oliver, Wallace N.— Pvt., WA. 
 
 Olmsted, Allen S. — Sgt., 58th Regiment Engineers. 
 Olmsted, Raymond H.— Pvt., Co. C, 346th Infantry. 
 O'Loughlin, John H.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry. 
 Olsen, John W.— Pvt., Co. E, 87th Infantry. 
 Olskey, Edwin J.— Pvt., 306th Aero Squadron. 
 Olskey, Raymond F. — Pvt., Dental Corp. 
 Olson, Andrew— Pvt., Co. A, 37th Engineers, WG 
 
 August, 1918. 
 Olszewski, Stanley — Pvt., Co. 6th, No. Dev. Battalion. 
 Olszenski, Bernard J. — Pvt., Battalion E, 35. 
 Olszewski, Stanley J. — Base Hospital 106-705. 
 Olyniczak, Mike O.— Pvt., 41st Co., 155th Depot Brig. 
 O'Malley, Frank— Pvt. WA November 6, 1918. 
 O'Mara, Edward— Pvt., Co. F, 52d Infantry. 
 O'Mara, William M.— Sgt., Co. H, 147th Engineers. 
 Ominski, John— Pvt., Co. G, 302d Am. Train. 
 Onady, John Joseph— Pvt., Battery F, 336th F. A. 
 O'Neild, John T.— Pvt., Hdqrs. Co., 327th Infantry, 
 
 WA October 9, 1918. 
 O'Neil William C— Pvt., Co. 803, Motor Transport. 
 O'Neill, Bartholomew L.— Corp., Co. D, 303d Engineers 
 O'Neill, George— Pvt., 305th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 O'Neill, George A.— Corp., Hdqrs. Co., 307th Infantry. 
 O'Neill, John T.— Pvt., WA. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 577 
 
 O'Neill, Charles F.— Pvt., Co. M, Det. 2. 
 
 O'Neill, Michael— Pvt., Co. B, 305th M. G. Battalion, 
 
 WA September 29, 1918. 
 O'Neill, W. H.— Pvt., 401st Engineers. 
 O'Neill, William — Sgt., Chemical Warfare Service. 
 Oppenheim, Aaron — Pvt., Personal Detachment. 
 Oppenheimer, Alan D. — Lieut., Quartermasters Corps. 
 Oppenheimer, Jean L.— Pvt., F. A. C. 0. T. S., 17th 
 
 Observing Battery. 
 Omszchah, Deonizy — Pvt., Co. L, 51st Infantry. 
 Orchmann, John— Pvt., 16th Co., 152d Infantry. 
 Orcutt, Charles F.— Pvt., Battery E, 334th F. A. 
 O'Reilly, Robert M.— Corp., Co. K, 51st Infantry. 
 Oswig, Charles A.— Pvt., Hdqrs. Co., 12 F. A. 
 Orlando, Salvatore— Pvt., Co. E, 331st Infantry. 
 Orlin, Learn N. — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Orlowski, Edward— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 Orlowski, Edward — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 Orlowski, Leo— Pvt., Co. E, 2d Battalion. 
 Orlick Jacob — Pvt. 
 
 Oroschin, Robert J. — Pvt., 4th Co., Ordnance Dept. 
 O'Rourke, Cornelius E. — Pvt., Med. Research Lab. 
 O'Rourke, Edward H.— Leiut., WA. 
 Orr, Percy J. — Corp., 12th Photo Air Service. 
 Ort, Adam J.— Corp., Battery F, 335 F. A. 
 Ort, Edwin C— Pvt., 2d Co., 12th Amm. Train. 
 Ort, Henry W.— Pvt., 21st Co., M. G. S. 
 Ort, William B.— Sgt., 2d Co., 1st Service. 
 Ortlieb, Thei— Pvt., Co. K, 306th Infantry. WA 
 Ortner, Joseph L.— Pvt., G. H. 4, Fort Porter. 
 Ortowski, J. J.— Pvt., Co. M, 348th Infantry. 
 Orzalkiewicz, Felix— Sgt., Co. M, 306th Infantry. 
 Orzalkewoicz, Frank P. — Pvt., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 Osborn, Albert W.— Pvt., Co. G, 304th A. T. 
 Osborne, Alfred J.— Pvt., WA October 2, 1918. 
 Osborne, Ernest H.— Corp., Battery E, 19th F. A. 
 Osborne, Fred G. — Pvt., Aero Photography. 
 Osburn, Earl A.— Sgt., 420th Supply Train. 
 Oscarson, Andrew H.— Pvt., WA October 29, 1918. 
 Oster, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. E, 2d Infantry. 
 Ostrowski, Leonard — Pvt., 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 Oswald, Charles J. — Corp., Co. B, Engineering Corp. 
 Oswald, Conrad J.— Pvt., M. S. T. 
 Osswald, Frank E.— Pvt., 312th Sanitary Train. 
 Osswald, Treberius C. — Sgt., Quartermasters Corps. 
 Ostermeier, John— Pvt., Co. C, 346th Infantry. 
 Ostermeier, Joseph E.— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Eng. 
 Ostrowski, Francis S.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 Ostrowski, John — D. B. G. 5, Gov. Island. 
 Osuch, Casimer— Pvt., 67th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Otminski, John— Pvt., Battery B, 34th F. A. 
 Ott, Albert G.— Pvt., Co. B, 410th Infantry. 
 Ott, Robert— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry. 
 Otterman, Henry F. — Pvt., Ordnance Detachment. 
 Oetinger, Otto— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. WG 
 
 October 18, 1918. 
 Otto, John— Lieut., Co. M, 802d Pioneer Infantry. 
 Ouczarzak, Anthony — Pvt., Coast Guard. 
 Ouczarzak, Stanley H.— Pvt., M. G. Co., 346th Inf. 
 Overfield, Andrew H. — Sgt., Medical Detachment. 
 Overfield, Frederick J.— Sgt., 17th Co., 157th D. B. 
 
 Overhoff, Hugo J.— Corp., 663d M. T. C. 
 Owczarczak, Leonard T. Pvt., 46th Co., 153d D. B. 
 Owens, Jack R.— Pvt., Troop 26. 
 Oyen, Olaf L.— Pvt., Base Hospital 23. 
 Oyer, Harvey— Pvt., Co. F, 303d Am. Train. 
 Pache, Arnold J.— 105th Field Artillery. 
 Packer, John F.— Pvt., Battery C, 71st F. A. 
 Pacyna, Frank J. — Pvt., Hdqrs. Troop, 1st Division. 
 Pacynska, Vincent — Pvt., Co. A, 17th M. G. BattaHon. 
 Page, Cecil H.— Lieut., WA. 
 
 Pajerski, John— Pvt., Battery E, 11th Field Artillery. 
 Palome, Angelo — Pvt., Co. D, 1st Prov. Artillery. 
 Palano, Antonino — Pvt., Co. K, 347th Infantry. 
 Palaszewski, Leo— Pvt., Battery D, 334th F. A. 
 Palaszewski, Sylvester— Pvt., 17th Battalion, 153d D. B 
 Palermo, Nicholas— Pvt., Co. M, 28th Infantry. 
 Palermo, Pasquale — Pvt., 311th Infantry. 
 Paleto, James— Pvt., 72d Field Artillery Band. 
 Palmer, Albert W. Dr. — Lieut., Base Hospital 114. 
 Palmer, Frederick W.— 1st Lieut., M. R. C 
 Palmer, Joseph F.— Sgt., Hdqrs. Co., 309th Infantry, 
 
 WA November 4, 1918. 
 Palmquist, Geo H. — Sgt. Major — Casual Detachment, 
 
 C. A. School. 
 Panepinto, Frank — Corp., Co. B, 328th Infantry. 
 Panfilio, Prudente— Pvt., Co. A, 306th Infantry. 
 Panicalli, Angelo— Pvt., 13th Co., 135th Infantry. 
 Pankow, Frank — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Pankratz, Frank— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry. 
 Panrjico, Vincent — Pvt., 5th Battalion, Ord. Corp. 
 Pantera, Chester A. — Corp., Co. C, 12th Amm. Train. 
 Pantera, Edward J. — Mechanic, Co. L, 306th Infantry. 
 
 WA October 16, 1918. 
 Panzarella, Charles C. — Lieut., Medical Detachment, 
 
 6th Replacement. 
 Panzarella, Joseph — Lieut., U. S. Military Academy. 
 Panzarella, Roy J.— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry. 
 Paola, Gualamo D.— Pvt., Co. G, 152d Depot Brigade. 
 Pantano, Philip— Pvt., G. H. 
 Poalucci, Joe — Pvt., Co. A, 112th Engineers. 
 Papastathatos, D. M.— Pvt., WA. 
 Papia, Russell — Pvt. 
 
 Papial, Joseph— Pvt., 41st Battalion, 153d D. B. 
 Papialkowski, Theodore— Pvt., Hdqrs. Co., 311th Inf. 
 Papke, Oscar R.— Corp., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 Paplow, John C— Corp., Co. H, 60th Infantry. 
 Pappademetri, T.— Sgt., Co. F. 325th Infantry. 
 Pappas, Steve— Pvt., Co. K, 309th Infantry. 
 Paradowski, Adam— Pvt., 74th P. W. E. 
 Paradowski, Michael J.— Pvt., Co. F, 311th Infantry. 
 Paradowski, Stanislaus— Pvt., 5th Co., 306th M. T. C. 
 Paradowski, Val— Pvt., Co. D, 17th M. G. Battalion. 
 Paris, Anthony C. — Lieut., Co. B, 47th M. G. Battalion. 
 Parish, Chas. S.— Pvt., 345th Field Hospital. 
 Parisi, Ignazio — Pvt., Co. M, 347th Infantry. 
 Park, Benjamin S.— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C. 
 Park, Roswell— Lieut., WA August, 1918. 
 Parker, Charles J.— Pvt., Hdqrs. Co., 311th Infantry. 
 Parker, Clarence F. 
 
 Parker, Harold D.— Pvt., Hdqrs. Co., 55th Pioneers. 
 Parker, David— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry. WA twice. 
 
578 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Parker, John H.— Col./l02d Infantry. 
 
 Parker, Jason — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Parker, Reginald— Pvt., Co. G, 312th Infantry. 
 
 Parker, Robert 0.— Sgt., Hdqrs. Co., 58th Pioneers 
 
 Parker, Samuel Wm— Pvt., Co. E, 403d Tel. Bat. 
 
 Parker, Thos.— Pvt., Co. D, 308th M. G. Battalion. 
 
 Parker, Walter E. Jr.— Pvt., Co. 730th M. T. C. 
 
 Parker, Wm. V.— Pvt., Hdqrs. Troop, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Parkes, John— Pvt., Co. C, 18th Infantry. 
 
 Parkhill, Gordon H. — Lieut. 
 
 Parkhurst, George G. — Lieut., Machine Shop Truck 
 
 Unit 309. 
 Parkinson, Frank V.— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Amm. Train. 
 Parks, Floyd L.— Pvt., S. A. T. C, (Hobart). 
 Parks, Geo. J.— Sgt., 2d Co., C. O. T. S. 
 Parks, Lester B.— Pvt., Co. F, 110th Infantry. WG 
 
 September 4, 1918. November 17, 1918. 
 Parks, Lester V.— Pvt., WA. 
 Parlato, Anthony— Pvt., 347th Infantry. 
 Parlato, Anthony J.— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Am. Train. 
 Parlato, Frank— Pvt., 348th Infantry. 
 Parry, Fred F.— Pvt., Co. B, 305th M. G. B. 
 Parsons, Frank D.— Pvt., 730th M. T. S. Ord. Bureau. 
 Parsons, Howard H. — Student Officer — Co. I, Camp 
 
 Humphrey. 
 Parsons, Spencer S. C— Corp., Co. B, 303d M. T. S. 
 Parsons, Lewis W.— Pvt., M. G., 307th Infantry. 
 Partyka, Casimer T. — Corp., 157th Depot Brigade. 
 Partyka, Wm.— Pvt., Co. E, 147th Infantry, WA 
 
 September, 1918. 
 Parucki, Anthony W. — Corp., 827th Aero Squadron. 
 Paruzenski, Stephen — Pvt., Co. A, 19th Infantry. 
 Parwuiski, John L. — Pvt., Co. E, 3d Engineers. 
 Pascale, Nick D.— Pvt., Co. F, 154th Regulars. 
 Paschke, Ernst E.— Pvt., 154th School Co., M. T. C. 
 Paschke, Rudolph H.— Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry, 
 
 WA September 14, 1918. 
 Pasik, Paul— Pvt., Co. C, 1st Infantry. 
 Pasquale, Calo— Pvt., 8th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Pass, Elmer L. — Corp., WA. 
 Passafuime, Joseph — Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Cited for heroism in Argonne Forest September 29, 1918, and 
 awarded D. S. C. for "extra heroism" Croix de Guerre, and Italian 
 War Cross. 
 
 Paszkiewicz, Jos. H.— Pvt., Co. K, 306th Infantry. 
 Patano, Frank— Pvt., Co. K, 347th Infantry. 
 Patera, Edward T.— Pvt. WA. 
 Paterson, James Hamilton — Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Paterson, Thomas W. — Sgt. Maj., Motor Trans. Corps. 
 Patitucci, Joseph— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. 
 Patrone, Charles— Pvt., Co. E, 326th Infantry. 
 Patterson, Arthur J.— Major, E. R. 0. F. C. 
 Patterson, Geo. F.— Pvt., Co. D, 116th Supply. 
 Patterson,MichaelF.— Sgt.lst-class,20thCo.,4thA.S.M. 
 Patterson, Steven J. — Pvt., Co. H, 23d Engineers. 
 Patton, Franklin A.— Pvt., 4th Co., N. R. D. 
 Patton, Harvey J. — Pvt., 4th Sanitary Train. 
 Pauchinko, Peter— Pvt., Co. D, 7th Bre. U. S. Guard. 
 Pauffer, Paul — Corp., 103d Aero Squadron. 
 Paul, Edward F.— Pvt., Co. M, 347th Infantry. 
 Paul, Elmer D.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 306th In- 
 fantry. WA October 15, 1918. 
 
 Paul, Ernest G.— Corp., Co. B, 343d Labor Battalion. 
 
 Paul, John— Pvt., 324th Infantry. 
 
 Paul, John F.— 534th Motor Corps. 
 
 Paulick, John— Pvt. WA October 4, 1918. 
 
 Paulus, John M. — Pvt., 1st Division Special Training 
 
 Battalion. WA June, 1918. 
 Paulus, Joseph J. — Pvt., 3d Signal Corps. 
 Pauly, Jacob J. — Pvt., 303d Engineers. 
 Pauly, Joseph P.— Pvt., Co. F, 4th Rgt., 156th D. Brig. 
 Pauly, Mark L.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Paul, Norman C. — Pvt., Medical Corps. 
 Pauly, Norbert J. — Pvt., 325th Ambulance Corps. 
 Powalisz, Alexander — Lieut., Provost Co., Camp Mc- 
 
 Arthur. 
 Powelski, Barney — Pvt. 
 
 Pawelski, Louis F.— Pvt., Co. B, 109th Machine Gun B. 
 Pawlaczyk, Ladislaus— Pvt., Co. G, A. P. G. 
 Pawlak, Stanley— 348th Infantry. 
 Pawlak, Stanley J.— Pvt., Hdqrs. Co., 12th Brig., 6th D. 
 Pawlak, William— Pvt. 
 Pawlik, John — Pvt. Prisoner, Germany. 
 Pawlicki, Leo— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 26, 1918. 
 Pawlicki, William— Pvt., Co. A, 14th B'n., Ord. Dept. 
 Pawlonski, Konstany — Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry. 
 Pawlowski, Anthony C. — Lieut., Dental Corps. 
 Pawlowski, Anthony W.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Pawlowski, F. J.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 346th Inf. 
 Pewlowski, Stephen— Pvt., Co. L, 346th Infantry. 
 Pawlowski, J. M.— Pvt., Co. D, 18th Machine Gun B'n. 
 Paxon, Geo. H.— Pvt., Co. B, 308th Machine Gun B'n. 
 Payne, Arthur E. — Pvt. 
 
 Payne, Howard L. — Pvt., Medical Supply Depot. 
 Payne, Lee R. 
 
 Payne, Wm. F. — Pvt., 5th Co., Coast Artillery Corps. 
 Peacock, Merrill W. — Mechanic, Royal Air Force. 
 Pearce, Clifford R.— Pvt., Co. C, N. E. Department 
 
 Headquarters, 3d Battalion. 
 Pearce, Freeman C. — Pvt., Ordnance Department. 
 Pease, Earl E. — Pvt., 319th Aero Squadron. 
 Pease, Jesse D., Jr. — Sgt., 9th Co., 3d Air Service Mech. 
 Pech, Roy— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Peck, Raymond L. — Wagoner, 306th Infantry. 
 Peckham, Chas. W. — Lieut., Royal Flying Corps. WA 
 
 June 23, 1918. 
 Piecora, James— Pvt., 304th G. and F. Co. 
 Pecorella, James. 
 
 Peek, Harvey G.— Sgt., Battery F, 34th Field Artillery. 
 Peel, Richard J.— Pvt., 303d Co., Remount. 
 Peffer, Joseph G.— Pvt., Co. G, 147th Engineers. 
 Piersa, John — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Peiffer, Henry P. — Pvt., Co. F, 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 Peitraszak, Geo.— Pvt., 31st Co. 
 
 Plezynski, Bronislaus — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 1st Rgt 
 Pell, James— Sgt., 37th Co., 158th Depot Brigade. 
 Pellerite, Anthony— Pvt., Battery C, 59th F. A. 
 Pelletero, Dominano — -Pvt. WA. 
 Pelletier, Albert — Sgt., 1st Co., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Pelloth, Joe A.— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 Pelosi, Nicola— Pvt. WA October 9, 1918. 
 Pender, Michael — Pvt. Prisoner, Germany. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 579 
 
 Penke, Walter J.— Fvt., 8th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Pennario, Frank D.— Pvt. WA July 24, 1918. 
 Penn, W. N. — Pvt. Prisoner, Germany. 
 Penniman, Ralph W. — Pvt., 310th Ambulance Co. 
 Penney, Charles P. — Lieut., Air Service Pilot. 
 
 Decorated with Italian Cross. 
 
 Penney, Norman — Lieut., 115th Field Artillery. 
 Penney, Thomas, Jr. — Lieut., Air Service. 
 Pennypacker, William G. — Pvt., Officers' Training 
 
 School. 
 Pensyeres, George — Pvt., 302d Ammunition Train. 
 Peplinski, Paul J. — Pvt., Provost Guard. 
 Pera, Salvator— Pvt., Co. C, 113th Infantry. 
 Percy, John G., Jr. — Sgt., 33d Engineers. 
 Perez, Ben C— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. 
 Pergande, Walter H. — Wagoner, 303d Military Police. 
 Perkins, Geo. C— Pvt. 
 Perkins, Michael J. — Corp., Co. M, 147th Infantry. 
 
 WA November 2, 1918. 
 Perkins, Michael J. — Pvt. WA. 
 Perner, Leo M.— Pvt., 311th Infantry. 
 Pernick, John C— Pvt. WA. 
 Pernick, Lewis— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry. 
 Peronne, Edwin F.— Pvt. WA. 
 Perrin, Edw. J. — Corp., 612th Aero Squadron. 
 Perrin,GeorgeW.— Sgt., Co.E,309th Inf. WAOct.16, 1918 
 Perott, Roy S.— Pvt., Co. A, 37th Engineers. 
 Perry, Lansing E. — Corp., Co. C, 61st Field Artillery. 
 Perry, William H.~Pvt., 1st Co., 158th Depot Brigade. 
 Ferryman, Cecil — Pvt., Co. L, 50th Infantry. 
 Persch, Albert L.— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Supply Train. 
 Persch, Leonard J.— Pvt., 2d Rgt., F. A. R. D. 
 Persch, WilHam C— Pvt., Co. F, 306th Infantry. WG 
 
 August 31, 1918. 
 Perschinski, Joe — Corp. WA. 
 
 Peter, Herbert C. — Ist-class Pvt., Ambulance Service. 
 Peters, Charles A.— Mech., Mach. Shop Unit 340th. 
 Peters, Clark R.— Pvt., Co. C, 346th Infantry. 
 Peters, Fred— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. 
 Peters, Harold W.— Capt., Co. C, 307th Field Sig. B'n. 
 Peters, Raymond M. — Pvt., 345th Infantry. 
 Peters, Lucian M. — Pvt. 
 Peterson, Amos G. — 2d Lieut. Air Service. 
 Peterson, Carl E. — Squadron E. 
 Peterson, Charles J.— Corp. Battery D, 32d F. A. 
 Peterson, Douglas — Mech., 703d Dept. Ordnance. 
 Peterson, Frank J., Jr.— Pvt., 306th Unit. 
 Peterson, Lawrence — Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry WA. 
 
 July 11, 1918. 
 Peterson, Lawrence R. — Pvt. W. 
 Peterson, Walter A.— Pvt. WA. 
 Peterson, William H.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 
 WA November 18, 1918. 
 Petrie, Edwin S.— Pvt. WA. 
 Petrie, Harold M. — Mess Sgt., 23d Ambulance Co. 
 Petrie, John J.— Battery C, 43d R. R. Artillery. 
 Petrino, Anthony S.— Corp., 340th F. G., Camp Merritt 
 Petry, Herman F.— Mach., Co. G, 5th Infantry. 
 Petschke, Emil R. — Corp., 315th Aero Squadron. 
 Petschke, Ernest J.— Pvt., Co. B, 307th Ammunition 
 
 Train. WA October 2, 1918. 
 
 Petschke, John C. — Pvt., Headquarters, 311th Inf. 
 
 Petschke, Otto— Pvt., Co. E, 26th Engineers. 
 
 Petschke, William — Pvt., Auto Replacement. 
 
 Petti, Paul— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Petz, Albert— Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Petz, Fred J. — Corp., Headquarters, 102d Am. Train. 
 
 Petz, Richard F.— Pvt., Co. C, 10th Battalion. 
 
 Pfalzer, Leo M. — Wagoner, Co. A, 303d Am. Train. 
 
 Pfann, Arthur S. — Corp., Veterinary Hospital Corps. 
 
 Pfann, Elmer C. — Pvt., Co. A, 1st Gas Regiment. 
 
 Pfau, Otto G.— U. S. Coast Guards. 
 
 Pfeffer, Harold T.— Pvt., 312th Engineers. 
 
 Pfeiffer, Clemens E. — Pvt., Co. D, Quartermaster Corps 
 
 Pfeiffer, Edward— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Pfeiffer, Elmer A.— Pvt., Co. C, 148th Infantry. 
 
 Pfeiffer, George— Pvt., Co. M, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Pfeiffer, George C— Pvt., Co. B, 120th Engineers. 
 
 Pfeiffer, Harold J.— Corp., Co. H, 13th Infantry. 
 
 Pfeiffer, Thomas H.— Pvt., Co. E, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Pfeil, Henry W.— Pvt., Troop F, 16th Cavalry. 
 
 Pfister, Sylvester — Ist-class Pvt. 
 
 Pflug, Clarence— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Pfohl, Louis J. — Air Service. 
 
 Pfohl, Raymond— Pvt., Co. G, 61st Infantry. 
 
 Pfohman, Robert J.— Med. Det., 302d Am. Train. 
 
 Pfoltzer, Fred D.— Pvt., Co. I, 21st Engineers. 
 
 Pfotzei, Roy G. — Lieut., Base Hospital 85. 
 
 Phelan, Bernhard J. — Pvt., Co. I, 147th Inf. Prisoner. 
 
 Phelps, Harry B. — Pvt., Co. B, Engineers. 
 
 Phillips, Albert— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Phillips, Edward P.— Pvt., Battery F, 335th F. A. 
 
 Phillips, George M.— Pvt., A. S. C. D. L. 24. 
 
 Phillips, Henry — War Office, Washington, D. C. 
 
 PhiUips, Martin G.— Sgt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Philhps, Paul— Pvt., Camp Upton, N. Y. 
 
 Phillips, Rollen P.— Pvt., 21st Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Philhps, Walter J.— Corp., Co. E, 309th Infantry. WA 
 
 November 1, 1918. 
 Phuelb, John— A. P. 0. 738th. WA June, 1918. 
 Piasicko, Barney S. — Pvt., 13th Co., Casual. 
 Piasicki, Segmund— Corp., Battery E, 206th F. A. 
 Piasicki, Vincent S. — Capt., Polish-French Army. WG 
 
 July 25, 1918. 
 Piasicki, William E.— Sgt. 
 Piatasik, Stanislaw — Pvt. Prisoner. 
 Piazza, Joseph W. — Co. M, 308th Infantry. WA Aisne. 
 Piciulo, Lawrence — Pvt. 
 Piciulo, Victor — Pvt. 
 
 Pickenpack, Matthew — Pvt., 2d Co., 141st Trans. Corp 
 Pickens, Harold B. — Corp., 504th Aero Squadron. 
 Pickert, William F.— Pvt., Co. B, 103d Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. WG. 
 Pico, Felix P.— Pvt., 12th Co., 99th Division. 
 Picone, Vincenzo — Pvt., Co. D, Ordnance Department. 
 Pidgeon, Rexford E. — U. S. Air Station, England. 
 Piechnick, Bronislaus — Pvt., Co. I, 59th Pioneer Inf. 
 Piechocka, Jos. F.— Pvt., M. G. Co., 2d Anti-Aircraft. 
 Piechowiak, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. H, 7th Infantry. WA 
 
 July 17, 1918. 
 Piewcki, Ignatz— Pvt., Co. E, 148th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 12, 1918. 
 
580 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Piechowiak, Michael — Sgt., Battery A, 1st F. A. 
 Pieczynski, Joe F. — Pvt., Co. L, 118th Engineers. 
 Piejda, Stanislaus K. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Piejka, Jos. — Pvt., Co. C, 59th Inf. Missing in action. 
 Pier, Arthur J.— Sgt., Headquarters, 216th Field S. B'n. 
 Pierce, Alfred H.— Pvt. WA. 
 Piprucki, Egnacy — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Pierce, Herbert A.— Pvt., 307th Fire Truck & Hose Co. 
 Pierce, Oscar— Pvt., 66th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Pierce, Purcy H.— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade, 10th B'n. 
 Fieri, John L. — Pvt., Co. A, 2d Prov. Rgt., Ordnance. 
 Piernik, Leo — Pvt., Co. F, 51st Pioneers. 
 Pierson, John K.— 306th Infantry. WG October 16, 
 
 1918. 
 Pierucki, Ignacy— Pvt., Co. E, 148th Infantry. WG. 
 Pierncki, L. H.— Pvt., 3d Depot Battalion. 
 Piersa, John — Corp. WA. 
 Pietras, Mike— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Pietraszak, Martin— Sgt., Co. E, 309th Infantry. 
 Pietrzak, Stanley— Pvt., Co. E, 39th Infantry. 
 Pietrzak, Steve— Pvt., 326th Ambulance Co. WA 
 
 August 19, 1918. 
 Pietlukiewicz, Stanley J. 
 
 Pietszykowski, Theodore— Sgt., 302d Tank Corps. 
 Pietz, Harold F.— 
 
 Piggott, Joseph B. — Pvt., Co. G, 21st Engineers. 
 Pijanowski, Leon — Pvt., Co. M, 348th Infantry. 
 Pijanowski, Stephen — Pvt., Machine Co., 346th Inf. 
 Pike, John A. — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 Pike, Joseph V. — Sgt., Air Service. 
 Pike, William E. — Pvt., Chemical Warfare Service. 
 Pilarski, Stanley— Pvt. WA. 
 Pilarski, Walter E.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 26, 1918. 
 Pileri, Carmelo— Pvt., Battery D, 13th Field Artillery. 
 Pilkey, William C— Mach., 53d Rgt., Battery A. 
 Piluainski, Julian— Pvt., Co. E, 327th Infantry. 
 Piminski, Frank— Pvt., Co. C, 3d Rgt., F. A. R. D. 
 Pindar, Arthur G.— Pvt., Co. B, 502d Engineers. 
 Pingitore, Louis A.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Pinnataro, Lawrence — Corp., Battery E, 334th Field 
 
 Artillery. 
 Pinner, James N. — Sgt., Med. Supply Co., Camp Dix. 
 Pinner, Ralph F.— Sgt., 109th Ambulance Co., 28th 
 
 Division. WG September 26, 1918. 
 Pinto, Carmine — Pvt., 301st Ship Repair Unit. 
 Pinto, Samuel A.— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry. 
 Pinzel, Walter J. — Corp., 55th Pioneer Infantry. 
 Piontek, Fred C— Co. E, 102d Engineers. 
 Piotrowski, Adam — Pvt., Co. K, Infantry. 
 Piotrowski, Barnard M. — Cook, Hampton Roads, Va. 
 Piotrowski, Frank— Pvt., Co. E, 306th Infantry. WA. 
 Piotrowski, John J. — Pvt., Depot B'n., Camp Jackson. 
 Piotrowski, John J. — Pvt., Co. C, 156th Depot Brigade. 
 Pirk, Paul J.— Pvt., Co. M, 306th Infantry. 
 Pirog, August — Pvt., Co. A, 48th B'n., Camp Morgan. 
 Pirson, Arthur E. — Pvt., Headquarters, 348th Infantry. 
 Piskorski, Zygmunt — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneer Inf. 
 Pistare, Charles— Pvt., 3d Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Pitrozzilla, Luigo— Pvt., Co. F, 309th Infantry. 
 Pittawy, Earl— Pvt., Co. C, 125th Engineers. 
 
 Pittelli, Luizi— Pvt., 28th Depot Brigade. 
 
 Pitterman, Herman— Pvt., Co. C, 312th Am. Train. 
 
 Pitzonka, William— Pvt., 76th Co., 18th Battalion. 
 
 Pizzuto, Sam— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Place, Carl C. — Lieut., UOth Enginners. 
 
 Plato, Charles L.— Master Engrs., Sec. Hq., S. 0. S. 
 
 Piatt, Charles — Ist-class Pvt., 2d Repair Shop. 
 
 Plenz, William— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Plesur, Matthew — Ist-class M. M. 
 
 Plewa, August — Pvt. 
 
 Plewinski, Peter J.— Pvt., Co. G, 327th Infantry. WA 
 October 16, 1918. 
 
 Plichta, Frank— Ist-class Pvt., 347th Infantry. 
 
 Ploss, Earl O. — 1st Lieut., Dental Corps. 
 
 Plucienik, Wladyslaw— Pvt., Co. C, 47th Battalion. 
 
 Plummer, George W.— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Plumstead, George D.— Sgt., 3d Co., Hq. S. O. S., 
 Ordnance Battalion. 
 
 Plueckhahn, Carl M.— Pvt., 333d Aero Squadron. 
 
 Plumb, Ralph — Major, Co. C, Ordnance Reserve. 
 
 Plummer, Harold J. 
 
 Plummer, William W. — Major, Medical Reserve. 
 
 Poch, John J.— Pvt., Co. B, 4th A. A. M. G. B'n. 
 
 Poch, Leon E. — Bugler, Co. M, 51st Infantry. 
 
 Poch, Theophil R. — Pvt., Headquarters, Signal Corps. 
 
 Podbielniat, Wladyslaw— S. A. T. C. 
 
 Podgers, Homer C. — Pvt., Co. A, Record Detachment. 
 
 Podlaski, John— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Podlecki, Bernard— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Poe, Chas. H. — Corp., 2d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Poetz, Ernst F.— Co. F, 302d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Pogarzala, Stanley E. — Pvt., Camp Wadsworth. 
 
 Pohl, Florian J.— Corp., Headquarters, 4th M. T. S. 
 
 Pohl, George J.— Pvt., 302d Q. M. Mech. Repair Shop. 
 
 Pohl, Hugh G. — Sgt., 1st Air Service Mechanics. 
 
 Pohle, Daniel J.— Pvt., Battery F, 335th Field Artillery. 
 
 Pohle, Norbert — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Poicher, Orlando M. — Sgt., Headquarters, 307th In- 
 fantry. WG September 14, 1918. 
 
 Pokiandt, Charles W.— Pvt., Co. A, 502d Engineers. 
 
 Pokoenowski, Felix — Pvt., Co. I, 35th Infantry. 
 
 Polcyn, Michael — Pvt., Co. F, 16th Engineers. 
 
 Polino, Samuel— Pvt., 347th Infantry. 
 
 Polizzi, Frank— Pvt., Co. A, 147th Mach. Gun Bat'n. 
 
 Polinski, Louis— Pvt., Co. H, 135th Infantry. 
 
 Polito, Louis J. — Corp., Army Hospital 34. 
 
 Polito, Salvatore J.— Pvt., 64th Co., 153d Depot Brig. 
 
 Pollard, Howard J.— Pvt., Battery E, 334th Field Art. 
 
 Polley, Wm. L.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. D, 102d Eng. WA. 
 
 Cited. 
 
 Pollock, John B.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Polneaszek, Andrew — 320th Aux. Remount Depot. 
 
 Polneaszek, Joseph S. — 9th Ordnance Supply Co. 
 
 Polonsky, Edward — Pvt., 62d Engineers. 
 
 Polowy, Ignatius E. — Sgt., Headquarters, N. C. 0. 
 
 School, Sec. C. 
 Polowy, John — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 Polowy, Leon — Pvt., Co. C, 303d Ammunition Train. 
 Poltorok, Bruno— Pvt. WA. 
 Polterik, Erling— Pvt. WA September 26, 1918. 
 Pomara, Joseph L. — Pvt., Co. H, 162d Infantry. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 581 
 
 Pomerlean, Louis F. — Sgt., Headquarters, 304 Rgt., 
 
 Engineer Corps. 
 Pomeroy, Hugh M.— Pvt., Co. A, 314th A. T. 
 Pomeroy, Walter J.— Pvt., Co. B, S. A. T. C. (Camp 
 
 Henry.) 
 Pongrantz, Albert — Lieut., Co. B, 119th Infantry. 
 Poniewas, Julius — Troop F, 15th Cavalry. 
 Ponteus, William — Pvt., Ordnance. 
 Pontius, William— Pvt., Co. D, 346th Infantry. 
 Pooley, William L. F.— Sgt., Co. I, 55th Pioneer Inf. 
 Pooley, William R. — Lieut. Col., 7th Infantry. 
 Pooke, Kenneth— Sapper, 256th Bn., C. E. F. 
 Popalisky, Alfred— Sgt., Co. C, 326th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 26, 1918. 
 Popiela, Anthony F. — Pvt. 
 
 Poplawski, Thomas — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 346th Inf. 
 Porcella, Joseph — Pvt., Students' Army Train. Corps. 
 Porcher, Orlando — Pvt., Headquarters, 307th Inf. WA. 
 Porter, Elmer R.— Pvt., Co. G, 305th Mach. Gun Co. 
 Porter, James — Pvt., Canadian Royal Troop. 
 Porter, Preston B.— 1st Lieut., 302d Field Artillery. 
 Poss, Elmer L. — Corp., Co. M, 7th Infantry. 
 Post, Albert— Corp., Co. F, 319th Infantry. 
 Potenza, Donate— Pvt., 307th Infantry. 
 Potenza, Louis — Pvt., 59th Battalion, Engineers. 
 Potte, Allan B.— Pvt., M. Y. C. 
 Potter, Lars S. — 1st Lieut., 503d Ambulance Corps. 
 Potter, Milton G.— Sgt. Maj., Medical, Base Hosp. 8. 
 Potter, Warren J.— Sgt. WA. 
 
 Potter, Russell H., Jr. — 1st Lieut., Med. Corps, Am. Ser. 
 Potts, Frank N. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps. 
 Potword, Stanley— Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry. 
 Potts, William J.— Pvt., Co. B, 342d Battalion. 
 Poulsen, Andrew N.— Sgt., Co. B, 5th A. A. M. G. B'n. 
 Powalski, Stanley S.— Pvt., Co. B, 347th Infantry. 
 Powandra, Frank J.— 3d Co., 62d Reg. 
 Powandra, James J. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. C, 339th Batt. 
 Powell, Joseph W., Jr.— 1st Lieut., 18th Co., 154th 
 
 Depot Brigade. 
 Power, James V. — Corp., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 Powers, Frank V. — Corp., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 Powers, Harold J.— Corp., 37th Co., M. J. B'n. 
 Powers, John J.— Pvt., Co. E, 325th Infantry. 
 Powers, Thos. B.— Pvt., Co. F, 312th Ammunition Tr. 
 Pralow, Edw A.— Sgt., 337th F. A. R. T. 
 Pralow, William J.— Pvt., Co. C, 207th Infantry. 
 Pratt, Bert J.— Corp., Co. D, 7th Battalion. 
 Pratt, Harry F.— Pvt. WA. 
 Pratt, Jesse T.— 1st Lieut., A. S. A. P. 
 Pratt, John W. — 2d Lieut., Air Service. 
 Pratt, Lewis G.— Bugler, 24th Co., Depot Brigade, 
 
 Camp Devens. 
 Pratt, Stanley L.— Musician, Headquarters, 309th Inf. 
 Pratt, William G.— Corp., Co. D, 307th Engineers. 
 Pratt, Wilham L.— Sgt., Motor Truck Co. 486th. 
 Pray, Alfred B.— Pvt., 27th Co., 152d Depot Brigade, 
 
 Camp Upton. 
 Prible, Julius J.— Pvt., 7th Co., 43d Field Artillery. 
 Price, Allan B.— Pvt., 108th Ambulance Corps. 
 Prejna, Egie J. — Headquarters, 89th Infantry. 
 Prels, Jacob J. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Prescott, Jos. R. — Bumkin Island, Boston. 
 
 Preston, Albert G. — Commissioned Officers' Tr. Sch. 
 
 Pressler, Warren —Lieut., Aviation. 
 
 Priebe, August— Pvt.,Co. B, 308th Inf.WG Aug.l8, 1918. 
 
 Preisch, Herbert E. — 2d Lieut., 492d Aero Squadron. 
 
 Preist, William E.— Co. C, 331st Battalion, Tank Corps. 
 
 Preuss, Arnold E.— Pvt., Co. C, 6th Rgt., Camp Gordon. 
 
 Preuss, Edward — Pvt., 345th Infantry. 
 
 Price, Ronald N. — 731st Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Prince, Warren — Sgt., Medical Department. 
 
 Pringle, George F. — Pvt., 90th Division. 
 
 Prior, William N. — Capt., 303d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Pritchard, John A. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Pritchard, Raymond C— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Probasco, Glenn N.— Pvt., Co. A, 364th Infantry. 
 
 Procopio, Giuseppe — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Proctor, Carlton C. — 2d Lieut., Air Service. 
 
 Proctor, Willis H. — 2d Lieut., 51st Aero Squadron. 
 
 Proell, Leo P. — Musician, Headquarters, 80th F. A. 
 
 Prost, Herman— Pvt., 334th Field Artillery. 
 
 Provino, Tony — Pvt., Co. B, 14th Ammunition Train. 
 
 Provoost, Harry W. — Pvt., Co. F, 2d Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Provoost, John C. — 1st Lieut., Air Service. 
 
 Prrekwas, Joseph — Pvt., Co. D, Engineers. 
 
 Prus, Stanislaus— Pvt., 30th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Prusakowski, Edward — Pvt., Headciuarters, 105th F. A. 
 
 Przemielewski, Vincent — Corp. WA 
 
 Przybowski, Paul — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Przybyl, Walter— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Ptaszynski, Anthony — Pvt., 41st Co. 6 
 
 Ptaszynski, Chester C. — Pvt., Co. L, 34ith Infantry. 
 
 Puckhaber, W. J.— Pvt., 153d Depot Brgade. 
 
 Puchaczewicz, Joachim — Pvt., 357th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Pullen, S. J. W.— WA. 
 
 Puhiso, Charles — Sgt., 1st Depot Battalion. 
 
 Punturiero, Frank — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Purcell, Harry E. — Co. I, 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Purdy, Ellwood D. — Lieut., Air Service. 
 
 Purke, George F. — Wagoner, Co. D, 308th Infantry. 
 
 Putbres, William J. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Putman, James H. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. K, 345th Inf. 
 
 Putnam, Roger W.— 2d Lieut., School of Fire, Fort Sill. 
 
 Putnam, Warren— Corp., Co. D, 311th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 19, 1918. 
 Putz, Edward — Pvt., Aeio Squadron "A". 
 Pyacki, Michael — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Pyne, Richard J.— Pvt., Headquarters, 345th Infantry. 
 Pyska, John — Pvt., 2d Engineers Train. 
 Pyszezynski, Stanley A. — Pvt., Co. A, Chemical War- 
 fare Service. 
 Pytlak, Louis — Pvt., Supply Co., 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 Pytlewski, John F.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. H, 153d D. Brig. 
 Pyzikiewicz, John— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry. 
 Quahl, Edwin E.— Pvt., Battery B, 1st Brig.,F. A. R. D. 
 Quander, Perry — Corp., August Replacement. 
 Quant, Harvey W.— Corp., Co. C, 20th Mach. Gun B'n. 
 Quant, James R. — Sgt., 95th Spruce Squadron. 
 Quatrine, Peter — Pvt., Depot Brigade. 
 Queen, John R. — 1st Sgt., 471st Construction Corps. 
 Quick, Maurice J.— Pvt., Co. K, 146th Infantry. 
 Quick, Harry 0.— Corp., Co. G, 345th Infantry. 
 
582 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Quigley, Charles E.— Pvt., Battery D, 27th F. A. 
 
 Quigley, John J. — Pvt., F. A. R. C. Unassigned. 
 
 Quigley, Charles E.— Pvt., Battery D, 27th F. A. 
 
 Quill, Edward J.— Pvt., 22d Balloon Co. 
 
 Quinn, Bertrand — Pvt., 47th Battalion, U. S. Guards. 
 
 Quinn, Charles A.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Quinn, Francis D. — Corp., Stevedores. 
 
 Quinn, John — Ist-class Pvt., Co. F, 14th. WA Decem- 
 ber 5, 1918. 
 
 Quinn, Patrick J.— Pvt., Co. B, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Quinn, Rodger R. — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Quinn, Thos. J. — Corp., Co. C, 12th Ammunition Tr. 
 
 Quinn, Thomas F.— Pvt., Co. E, 9th. 
 
 Quinn, Wm. R.— Pvt., 33d Engineers. 
 
 Quint, R. E.— Pvt., Co. C, 335th Machine Gun Batt'n. 
 
 Quirk, Jos. T.--307th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 
 Raab, Edgar P.~Sgt., 3d Battery, F. A. R. R. 
 
 Rabel, Albert J.— Corp., Q. M. C, Motor Transport. 
 
 Race, Giuseppe — Pvt., Camp Dix. 
 
 Race, Wilfred E.— Sgt. Maj., Co. H, 309th Infantry. 
 Gassed, October 1918. 
 
 Race, Willfred E.— Corp. W. 
 
 Rachow, Arthur H.— Pvt., Co. M, 307th U. S. Infantry. 
 
 Racine, Fred N. — Pvt., Co. B, 51st Pioneers. 
 
 Racinowski, Stanley — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Racke, Charles A.— Pvt., Co. C, 308th Field Sig. Bat'n. 
 
 Rackl, Charles G.— Pvt., Co. C, 335th Field Artillery. 
 
 Raczkowski, Joseph F. — Co. E, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Raczyk, Michael— Pvt., Battery F, 60th F. A. 
 
 Raczyk, Walter — Pvt., 3d Ordnance Camp, M. P. 
 
 Radamski, Bernard — Corp., 7th Infantry. WA Oc- 
 tober 6, 1918. 
 
 Radecki, Anthony— Pvt., Co. F, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Radecki, Joseph — Co. I, 59th Pioneers. 
 
 Radecki, Steve — Co. I, 59th Pioneers. 
 
 Radecki, W. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps, Salvage Div. 
 
 Radel, Arthur J.— Sgt., Machine Gun Co., 311th Inf. 
 
 Rader, John J.— Pvt., Co. G, 61st Infantry. WA twice, 
 July 16, 1918, September 22, 1918. 
 
 Radice, Michael J. — Corp., Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Radig, Bernard— Pvt., Co. I, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Radke, Karl— Sgt., 3d Co., Troop School. 
 
 Radke, Leo— Pvt., Battery E, 344th Field Artillery. 
 
 Radloff, Alfred — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps, 311th Inf. 
 
 Radloff, Frederick J.— Pvt., 69th Battery, C. T. A. 
 
 Radner, Joseph F. — Sgt., Headquarters, 7th F. A. 
 
 Radominski, Boniface— Pvt., 306th Infantry. WA 
 September 1918. 
 
 Radonski, Bernard — Corp., Co. E, 7th Infantry. WA 
 October 6, 1918. 
 
 Radtke, Frank— Pvt., 90th Division. 
 
 Radtke, Paul— Corp. WA. 
 
 Radwanski, Walter— Corp., 18th Co., 5th Dep. B'n. 
 
 Raffarf, Mathias H.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. G 
 & W August 30, 1918. 
 
 Raffauf, Mathias— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Rafferty, Carl— Pvt. WA May 18, 1918. 
 
 Rafferty, Charles F.— Corp., 311th Infantry. WA 
 
 November 1, 1918. 
 Rafter, Edward R.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 Ragazzo, Vito— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Rago, Patsey— Pvt., Co. B, G. S. Ordnance Depot. 
 Ragoven, Maurice— Pvt., Co. K, 316th U. S. Infantry. 
 Rahier, Timothy J. — 803d Stevedore Regiment. 
 Rahill, Dean T.— Pvt., Signal Corps. 
 Rahill, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C. 
 Rainero, Matteo— Pvt., Co. B, 109th Engineers. 
 Rakowski, Adam — Pvt., 2d Co., 5th Battalion, Ord. 
 Rakowski, Casimer — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Infantry. 
 Rakowski, Martin — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Infantry. 
 Rail, George H.— Pvt., Co. A, 308th Mach. Gun B'n. 
 Ralph, Edward J.— Cook. WA. 
 
 Roll, Sylvester L.— Pvt., Co. B, 310th Field Artillery. 
 Romey, John A.— Pvt., Co. A, 7th Machine Gun B'n. 
 Rammacher, William J.— Pvt., 318th Supply Train. 
 Ramming, Clarence H.— Pvt., Co. E, 414th Field Signal 
 
 Battalion. 
 Ramsburry, Frank S. — Pvt., Co. C, 14th Engineers. 
 
 WA October 1918. 
 Ramsdell, Harry T. — Corp., 340th Aero Squadron. 
 Ramsdell, L. M. — Cook, Quartermaster School Dep't. 
 Ramsdell, T. T., Jr.— 2d Lieut., 32d F. A., French Army 
 Ramson, Frank H. — Corp., Co. A, 210th Engineers. 
 Rand, Frank H.— Capt., Medical Co. 
 Randall, E. 0.— Sgt., Tank Corps. WA. 
 Randall, Floyd C— Pvt. WA September 21, 1918. 
 Randall, William — Pvt., Coast Artillery Corps. 
 Randolph, Harold E. S.— Pvt., 93d Co., U. S. M. C, 
 
 7th Regiment. 
 Range, Irving— Pvt., S. A. T. C, Medical, (Yale). 
 Rannacher, William J.— 318th Supply, Q. M. C. 
 Ranedda, Giuseppe — Pvt. WA. 
 Ranney, Edward — 2d Lieut., 16th Engineers. WA 
 
 April 1918. 
 Ranney, George T. — Pvt., Base Hospital 23. 
 Ransler, Eager C— Pvt., Co. B, 344th Mach. Gun B'n. 
 Ransom, Frank H. — Pvt., Co. A, 210th Engineers. 
 Ransom, Ord. J. — Student Officer, Officers' Material S. 
 Rapaport, Maurice — Pvt., 2d Co., C. A. C, Cape Fear. 
 Rapley, Leslie T. 
 
 Rapp, Edwin T. — Radio Electrician, Brooklyn Barracks. 
 Rapp, Harry D. — 2d Lieut., Motor Transport Corps. 
 Rappeport, Jacob L. — Pvt., Hdqrs., 59th Pioneers. 
 Raschkowski, Edward H.— Pvt., Co. C, 120th M.G. B'n. 
 Rasmus, Frank — Pvt., 4th Co., 12th Battalion. 
 Rasmus, Louis — Pvt., F. A. R. D., 2d Battalion. 
 Raspl, Christ J. — Pvt., Aviation Corps, San Diego Field. 
 Rasp, Simon R. — Pvt., 233d Aero Squadron, Fort Sam. 
 
 Houston, Texas. 
 Rast, Albert S. — Sgt., Motor Transport Corps. 
 Rast, Elmo V. — 1st Sgt., 21st Construction Co. 
 Rast, Robert R.— Sgt., Base Hospital 23. 
 Raszewski, Anthony — Pvt. WA. 
 Ratajczak, Chas. — Pvt. Ist-class, Co. A, 65th Engrs. 
 Ratajczak, Frank — Pvt., Camp Lee, Va. 
 Ratajczak, Sigmund — Pvt. Ist-class, Sec. C, Air Service 
 Rath, Edward C— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. WA 
 
 June 4, 1918. 
 Rathbun, Ira H.— WA. 
 
 Rathburin, Fred — Sgt., Headquarters Co., 162d Inf. 
 Rathfon, Paul W.— Pvt., 343d Co., U. S. Medical Corps. 
 Rathke, William H. — Master Mech., Aviation Corps. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 583 
 
 Rathje, Bruno H.— Pvt., Co. F, 102d Engineers. 
 
 Rathman, George L. — Pvt., Engineers. 
 
 Ratigan, Emmet V.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Ratka, Stanley J.— Pvt., Co. D, 17th Engineers. 
 
 Rattigan, Emmet V.— Pvt., Headq'rs. G. Oct. 8, 1918. 
 
 Rattigan, James W. — 1st Sgt., Co. C, General Army 
 
 Headquarters. 
 Rauch, Joseph— Pvt., 52d Co., 7th Rgt., Coast Art. C'p. 
 Rauh, Lester — Pvt., 7th Field Artillery. 
 Rauh, Joseph — Pvt. 
 
 Rauth, John— Pvt., Co. C, 303d Engineers. 
 Rauth, Jacob L.— Pvt., Co. C. 
 Rawley, Michael F.— Pvt., Co. C, 346th Infantry. 
 Ray, Allen L.— Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneers. WA 
 
 November 11, 1918. 
 Ray, John P. — 1st Lieut., 303d Ammunition Train. 
 Rayeh, Bernard L — Pvt., 34th Service Signal Batt'n. 
 Raymond, Arthur A.— Sgt., 47th Co., 153d Depot Brig. 
 Raymond, Harry S. — 1st Lieut., Ordnance Department. 
 Raymond, Harry — Pvt., Co. M, 347th Infantry. 
 Raymond, Herbert C— Pvt., Co. B, 14th B'n., Ord. D. 
 Raymond, Norman J. — Corp., Machine Gun, 2d Inf. 
 Raymond, Paul C— Pvt., Co. E, 303d Engineers. 
 Rayner, Charles— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry. 
 Raynor, Arthur J. — Pvt., 1st Co., 25th Coast Art. C'ps. 
 Rozbarski, Andrew— Pvt., Battery D, 335th F. A. 
 Razbarski, Michael— Pvt., Co. E, 60th Infantry. 
 Razmiarek, Stanley — Pvt., 54th Army Service Corps. 
 Read, William R. — Pvt., 55th Division Signal Corps. 
 Reader, C. U. — Pvt., Headquarters, 306th Infantry. 
 Reap, Charles J.— Pvt., 10th Balloon. 
 Reardon, Cornelius F. — Pvt., Co. M, 59th Pioneers. 
 Reardon, Francis J. — Sgt., 304th Stevedores. 
 Reardon, Walter J.— Pvt., Battery E, 117th F. A. 
 Rebescher, Al. B. — Corp., 498th Aero Squadron. 
 Rebescher, B. — Sgt., 216th Engineers. 
 Rebhan, John G. — Corp., Chemical Warfare Service. 
 Reckenwalt, Raymond A. — Pvt. 
 Reclim, Christian J. — Corp., Co. C, 346th Infantry. 
 Reczek, Walter L. — Pvt., Co. A, Infantry. 
 Redlein, Leroy — Corp., Battery F, 34th Field Artillery. 
 Redlinski, A. — 5th Co., Postal Section, 2d Battalion. 
 Redlinski, S.— Pvt., Co. B, 34th Field Artillery. 
 Redman, John A.— Bugler, Co. M, 38th Infantry. WA 
 
 July 1918. 
 Redmond, John H.— Pvt., Co. C, 62d R. T. C. 
 Redmond, Patrick J.— Pvt. WA. 
 Reeb, Fred C— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry. 
 Reeb, Joseph L.— Sgt., Co. B, 326th Infantry. W 
 
 October 14, 1918. 
 Reed, Harvey R. — Corp., Co. K, 51st Pioneers. 
 Reed, Herbert— Pvt., Base Hospital 23. 
 Reed, Horace W.— Pvt., Co. A, 343d Tank Corps. 
 Reed, Nelson 0. — Pvt., Set. Service. 
 Reed, Richard C. — Pvt., Students' Army Train. Corps. 
 Reehling, Arthur— Pvt., 62d Field Artillery. 
 Reehling, Emil— Corp., Co. B, 312th Inf. WA Oct. 16. 
 Reese, Michael F.— Pvt., Co. D, 336th Field Artillery. 
 Regan, Arthur J. — Pvt., Students' Army Train. Corps. 
 Regan, Daniel J. — Pvt., 307th Ammunition Train. 
 Regan, Francis P. — Electrician, Aircraft Service. 
 
 Regan, George J. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Regan, John D.— Pvt., 65th Balloon Co. 
 
 Regan, Patrick D.— Pvt., Co. D, 59th Pioneers. 
 
 Regan, William J. — 2d Lieut. 
 
 Reger, Joseph— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Inf., 77th Div. WA. 
 
 Reger, Jacob E. — Corp., 479th Motor Transport Co. 
 
 Reger, William J. — Musician, Headquarters, 348th Inf. 
 
 Regers, Edward W. — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Regester, Edmund— 2d Lieut., 165th Depot, Brig., Tex. 
 
 Rehm, Arthur C. — Wagoner, Supply, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Reich, William— Sgt., Battery E, 34th Field Artillery. 
 
 Reichert, Anthony H.— Pvt., 309th Infantry. WA 
 July 10, 1918. 
 
 Reichert, Sylvester— Pvt., Hdqrs., 60th Field Artillery. 
 
 Reichle, Albert H. — 1st Sgt., Camp Jackson, Fla. 
 
 Reichold, Arthur — Pvt., Aviation. 
 
 Reid, G. C— Sgt., Co. A, Com. Officers' Train. School. 
 
 Reid, Harvey W.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Reid, James W. — Wagoner, Co. C, 102d Amm. Train. 
 
 Reid, Robert H. — Corp., 27th Railway Trans. Corps. 
 
 Reidy, Martin J.— Corp., Co. H, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Reif, Allen F.— Lieut., Co. B, 63d Pioneers. 
 
 Reif, Carl J.— Pvt., Co. B, 65th Engineers. 
 
 Reif, Charles A. — Lieut., 1st Battalion, Camp Lewis. 
 
 Reif, John C— Pvt., Co. I, 308th Infantry. 
 
 Reiford, Chancey— Pvt., Co. L, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Reilly, George R.— Corp., Co. C, 303d Amm. Train. 
 
 Reiley, James McK.— Capt., Co. C, 311th Machine 
 Gun Battalion. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Reilly, Thomas E.— 2d Lieut., Co. C, 108th Infantry. 
 
 Reilly, William J.— Pvt., Battery F, 342d F. A. 
 
 Reiman, David F.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Reiman, Ed. W.— Pvt., S. S. 
 
 Reimann, Benj. C. — 2d Lieut., A. S. A. 
 
 Reime, Frederick R. — Pvt., 1st Regt., Chem. War. Ser. 
 
 Reen, John— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Reich, Emil A.— Cook. WA. 
 
 Reich, Frank P.— Pvt. W^A. 
 
 Reimers, Christ M.— Pvt., 307th Field Hospital. 
 
 Reindl, George — Co. D. 
 
 Reinhardt, Fred C— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Reinhardt, Fred J.— 301st M. R. S. 
 
 Reinhardt, Henry — Pvt., R. R. Transport Corps. 
 
 Reinhart, Peter F. — Pvt., 6th Training Battalion. 
 
 Reinhart, Richard M.— Bugler, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Reinhold, Henry C— Corp., Co. A, 308th Infantry. 
 WA September 23, 1918. 
 
 Reis, Arthur — Wagoner, Co. A, 302d Amm. Train. 
 
 Reis, Max— Bugler, Co. L, 309th Infantry. WA Oc- 
 tober 16, 1918. 
 
 Reisch, Isadore M.— Sgt., Co. A, 308th Mach. Gun B'n. 
 
 Reisel, Abner H.— Sgt., Co. C, 3d A. A. M. G. B'n. 
 
 Reisig, Arthur P. — Pvt., 1st Co., Coast Artillery Corps. 
 
 Reisig, Carl F.— Corp., Co. C, 37th Engineers. WA 
 November 2, 1918. 
 
 Reiss, Edwin F.— Pvt., Co. F, 4th Infantry. 
 
 Reister, George C. G. — Corp., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Reisweber, Alex. G. — Corp., 99th Co., Trans. Corps. 
 
 Reiter, John P.— Pvt., Co. C. 
 
 Reitmeier, Fred G.— Pvt., Co. M, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Reitter, Frank C— Pvt., Co. D, 11th Engineers. 
 
584 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Reitz, Girard — Dispatcher, Headquarters, 104th Engrs. 
 
 Reitz, Philip L. — Wagoner, 102d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Rellinger, Charles H.— Pvt., Co. F, 1st Army Supply Tr. 
 
 Rembas, John— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Reming, Peter H.— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Infantry. WA 
 October 12, 1918. 
 
 Remington, Ray E.— Pvt., Co. F, 111th Infantry. 
 
 Remson, Maurice — Pvt., School Detachment. 
 
 Remus, Paul M.— Pvt., B. A., 34th Field Artillery. 
 
 Renaldo, Nichols— Pvt., U. S. Guards. 
 
 Rendzrerski, Casmer. 
 
 Rendzrerski, Max — Co. A, 3d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Renkauf, William J.— Pvt., 334th Field Artillery. 
 
 Rennagh, Harry G. — 1st Lieut., Co. I, 101st Infantry. 
 Gassed, October 1918. 
 
 Rennick, Lloyd — Pvt., 8th Co., 1st Road Regiment. 
 
 Renski, John J.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. WA 
 September 26, 1918. 
 
 Rente, Harry W.— Sgt., Machine Gun Co., 309th In- 
 fantry. Gassed. 
 
 Rentschler, Charles W.— Sgt., Battery F, 34th F. A. 
 
 Renwick, A. — Sup. Sgt., Co. C, 12th Ammunition Tr. 
 
 Renwick, W. M. — Pvt., 87th Division Headquarters. 
 
 Renz, Carl L.— Pvt., Co. D, 502d Engineers. 
 
 Resler, Franklin G.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 306th Inf. 
 
 Reslow, Carl M.— Pvt., Co. D, 59th Pioneers. 
 
 Resnik, Charles — Pvt., 17th Detachment. 
 
 Restorff, Edwin Q.— Sgt., Co. B, 1st Battalion. 
 
 Reszka, Anthony— Pvt., Battery E, 14th Field Artillery. 
 
 Retell, Clemence— P\i;., Battery B, 311th F. A. 
 
 Retell, George— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Rettig, Otto— Pvt., Co. G, 364th Infantry. 
 
 Rettke, John F.— Pvt., Co. B, 18th Mach. Gun Bat'n. 
 
 Reu, Leonard — Capt., Medical Corps. 
 
 Reusch, William H.— Pvt., Co. A, 146th Mach. Gun Bn. 
 
 Reville, Raymond L. — Corp., Depot Brigade. 
 
 Reuss, Fred W.— Pvt., Co. A, 97th Infantry. 
 
 Rexin, Charles O.— Pvt., 23d Co., 6th Battalion. 
 
 Reynolds, David — Pvt., 56th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Reynolds, Earl E. — Pvt., Co. A, 112th Engineers. 
 
 Reynolds, E. M. — Corp., Military Police. 
 
 Reynolds, Reid — Pvt., 37th Infantry. 
 
 Rhodes, William H.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Riagliano, Victor V. — Pvt., Co. A, 1st Infantry. 
 
 Rice, Harold D.— 2d Lieut., O. M. and D. S. 
 
 Rice, Howard D.— 2d Lieut., 0. M. and R. S. 
 
 Rich, Henry A.— Battery B, 71st Field Artillery. 
 
 Rich, Louis F. — Pvt., Co. A, Military Police. 
 
 Rich, Robert — Pvt., Base Hospital Barracks 6. 
 
 Rich, Wm. H.— Pvt., 26th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Richards, George— Pvt., Co. E, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Richards, John M. — Pvt., 77th Division Troop. 
 
 Richardson, Durston G. — 1st Lieut., Air Service. 
 
 Richardson, Gardner A. — Pvt., 437th Engineers. 
 
 Richardson, Paul B.— Sgt., Co. B, A. S. A. P. 1st Det. 
 
 Richardson, Roy A. — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Richardson, William K. — 312th Engineers, Med. Det. 
 
 Richert, Eugene— Pvt., Co. K, 311th Infantry. WA 
 October 1918. 
 
 Richert, George W.— Pvt., Co. C, U. S. G. Ord. 14th Bn. 
 
 Richter, Allen E.— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Richter, Alexander J.— Sgt., Co. D, 305th U. S. Inf. 
 Richter, E. E. — Pvt., Headquarters, 302d Engineers. 
 Richter, Lloyd W.— Pvt., Co. N, 21st Engineers. 
 Richter, Luzon W.— 1st Sgt., Mach. Gun, 54th Tr. B'n. 
 Richter, William— Pvt., Co. C, 78th Infantry. 
 Richthammer, A. C. — Pvt., Headquarters, 311th Inf. 
 Richthammer, J. A.— Sgt., Co. C, 36th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. WA twice, July, 1918. 
 Ricigliano, Dominic— Pvt., Battery F, 334th F. A. 
 Riciliano, Frank M. — Pvt., Headquarters, 1st L. B. M. 
 Ricigliano, Victor — Pvt. WA. 
 Ricigliano, John — 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Rick, Jacob— Pvt., Co. C, 311th Infantry. 
 Rick, Richard T. — 2d Lieut., West Point Academy. 
 Rickman, Frank— P\i;., Battery A, 335th F. A. 
 Ricotta, Charles J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Ricotta, Joseph — Pvt., 326th Infantry. 
 Ricotta, Vincent L. — Pvt., 9th Depot Brigade. 
 Ridenaur, Arthur G. — Lieut., Camp Lee. 
 Reiblinger, John H. — Pvt., 84th Spruce Product Div. 
 Ridgeway, Alvin — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Riedel, Fred J.— Sgt., Bat. F, F. A. R. D. 7th Regt. 
 Riedel, John— Pvt., 2d Reg. F. A. R. D. 
 Riedel, Martin J.— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry. 
 Rieffel, Orville R.— Cook, Headquarters, 309th Inf. 
 Rieford, Charles E.— Pvt., Co. F, 304th Amm. Train. 
 Rieford, Charles W.— Pvt., Co. L, 347th Infantry. WA 
 
 October, 1918. 
 Riegel, Edward J.— Pvt., 2d Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Riegel, George B. — Pvt. 
 Riegel, Dwight — Sgt., Base Hospital 19. 
 Rieppel, George— Pvt., 5th Co., 303d. 
 Ries, Frank M.— Pvt., 306th Infantry. WA September 
 
 27, 1918. 
 Riester, Edw. F.— Pvt., 44th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Riesterholz, Walter A.— Pvt., Co. C, 58th F. A. 
 Riexinger, George A. — Signalman, Co. E, 403d Field 
 
 Signal Battalion. 
 Riexinger, Philip H. — 1st Co., S^Tacuse Record Camp. 
 Rigby, Howard E. — Corp., Air Service Det. 1st. 
 Riggo, Samuel— Pvt., Co. A, 48th Battalion. 
 Riley, Ed. M.— Sgt., Air Service. 
 Riley, James Reg. — Pvt., Medical Detachment. 
 Riley, Wm. E.— Sgt., 306th Field Artillery. 
 Rimmer, William J.— Bugler, Co. E, 403d Field Signal 
 
 Battalion. 
 Ring, Arthur R. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Ring, Arthur C— Mech., 311th Infantry. 
 Ring, Arthur L.— Q. M. C. Sgt., 430th Res. Labor B'n. 
 Ring, Dewitt T. — Sgt., 5th Service Signal Corps. 
 Ringleben, Willis— Pvt., Troop G, 3d Cavalry. 
 Ringer, Herbert B.— Pvt., Co. B, 312th Field Artillery. 
 Ringleben, George E. — Pvt. WA. 
 Rink, Henry— Corp., Co. E, 306th Infantry. 
 Riordan, Daniel J.— Pvt., Hdqrs. Co., F. A. R. D. 
 Riordon, Francis J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Resch, Edwin H.— Pvt., 12th Co., 47th Depot Brigade. 
 Risch, William F.— Pvt., Co. A, 107th Supply Train. 
 Rischman, Edward — Lieut., 356th Aero Squadron. 
 Risman, S. H.— P\i;., Co. D, 307th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 6, 1918. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 585 
 
 Ritchell, John — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 61st Infantry. 
 Riter, Edward W.— Pvt., Co. C, 335th Mach. Gun B'n. 
 Riter, Herbert E.— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Engineers. 
 Rittner, Arthur P.— Sgt. WA. 
 
 Rittman, Charles F.~Pvt., 21st Co., 6th Inf. Bat'n. 
 Rittman, Charles W.— Pvt., 21st Military Police. 
 Rittner, Herbert W.— Pvt., Troop C, 17th Cavalry. 
 Ritzel, Fred C— Sgt., Co. A, 54th Engineers. 
 Ritzel, Herman F.~Pvt., 24th Co., Batt. 6th. 
 Rivers, Harold — Pvt., Co. A, 54th Engineers. 
 Rix, Elmer G. — Pvt., 21st Co., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Rizzo, Carl P.— Pvt., Co. E, 426th Field Sig. Battalion. 
 Rizzo, Angelo — 8th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Rizzuto, Loreto— Pvt., Co. F, 50th Infantry. WA 
 
 July 21, 1918, Chateau Thierry. 
 Roach, Benson W.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. 
 Roach, Leo G. — 1st Sgt., 805th Stevedores. 
 Robb, Marson S.^Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Robb, Walter B. — Maj., Infantry. 
 Robbins, B. J.— Corp., Co. D, 17th Battalion. 
 Robbins, Floyd N.— Pvt. WA. 
 Roberts, Elmer P.— Pvt., Post Office, Q. M. C. 
 Roberts, Eugene C.^^Maj., Artillery. 
 Roberts, Fred W.— Sgt., Co. C, 21st Machine Gun B'n. 
 Roberts, John M.— Pvt., Co. D, 303d Amm. Train. 
 Roberts, Robert H.^Sgt. WA. 
 Roberts, Russell C— Pvt., Battery B, 310th F. A. 
 Roberts, Thomas P.— Corp., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Gassed. 
 Roberts, William— Pvt., Co. C, 348th Infantry. 
 Robertson, Alexander R. — Major, Air Service. 
 Robertson, Albert— Pvt., Co. E, 2d U. S. Infantry. 
 Robertson, Albert— Sgt., A. E. F. 
 Robertson, Ralph K. — Capt., 55th Pioneers. 
 Robertson, Thomas J.— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers. 
 
 GW August 18, 1918. 
 Robertson, William— Corp., Co. A, 318th Field Sig. B'n. 
 Robillard, Basil— Maj., 72d Infantry. 
 Robinson, David H.— Pvt., 24th Co., 2d Battalion. 
 Robinson, Elbridge L.— Pvt., 17th Co., 4th M. M. Aero 
 
 Squadron. 
 Robinson, John Raymond — 2d Lieut., Co. A, 13th Inf. 
 Robinson, Leslie F.— Capt., 40th Co., Central Officers' 
 
 Training School, Camp Lee, Va. 
 Robinson, Wells H. — Pvt., Am. Ambulance Corps. 
 Robinson, William J.— Pvt., Co. B, 3d Army, M. P. 
 Robinson, Norman E.— Pvt., Co. D, 309th Infantry. 
 Robinson, William H.— Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneer Inf. 
 Robson, Archibald C. — Instructor Sgt., Motor Trans- 
 port Corps. G May, 1918. 
 Robson, Robt. H., Jr.— Sgt., 302d Motor Trans. Corps. 
 Roche, Edward L. — Pvt., Students ' Army Train. Corps. 
 Roche, James V. — Sgt. Maj., 2d Army Headquarters. 
 Roche, William J.— Pvt. 
 Rochelle, Dumas W. — Bugler. WA. 
 Rochevot, Arthur J.— Pvt., Co. C, 303d Supply Train. 
 Rochester, Frank G.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. 
 
 WA October 18, 1918. 
 Rochester, John L. — 2d Lieut., 25th Training Battalion. 
 Rochester, Thomas F. — 2d Lieut., 88th Aero Squadron. 
 Rocklin, Frederick M.— Pvt., 348th Infantry. 
 
 Rode, Arthur— Pvt., Co. E, 147th Infantry. W. 
 Rode, Robert T.— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry. 
 Rodenhouse, Vivian — Pvt., Co. B, 303d Amm. Train. 
 Roderick, Charles F.— Corp., 129th Field Hospital. 
 Roderique, Edwin C. — Lieut., Co. C, 334th Labor B'n. 
 Rodgers, Leom M. — Pvt., Ordnance Department. 
 Rodgers. Robert H.— Pvt., Battery C, 335th F. A. 
 Roe, George W.— Pvt., Co. C, 348th Infantry. 
 Roedel, Edwin H. — Corp., Co. M, 2d Infantry. 
 Roes, Albert C. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Roess, Fred L.— Pvt., Co. C, 118th Engineers. 
 Roess, Louis A.— Sgt., Co. E, 422d Field Signal Bat'n. 
 Roessel, Charles W. — Pvt., 3d Co., 1st Infantry Casuals. 
 Roessler, Edward R.— Pvt., 61st Co., 153d Depot Brig. 
 Roessler, George H.— Pvt., Co. K, 307th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 14, 1918. 
 Rogalsky, Frederick W. — Lieut., 77th Division. 
 
 Cited for bravery, .4utrecourt, November 5, 1918. 
 
 Rogers, Frank E.— Corp., Co. E, Sllth^Infantry. WA. 
 
 September 14, 1918. 
 Rogers, Gilbert J.— Mech., 42d Machine Gun Battalion. 
 Rogers, Hartley — Cadet, Flying Corps. 
 Rogers, Herman— Corp., Co. C, 307th Field Sig. Bat'n. 
 Rogers, Howard — Pvt., Co. E, 156th Depot Brigade. 
 Rogowski, Frank D.— Pvt., Co. E, 306th Infantry. 
 Rogowski, Leonard J. — Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 Rohde, George G. — Pvt., 10th Aero Con's. 
 Rohde, Theodore M. — Pvt., 20th Commissary Unit. 
 Rohe, Albert M.— Pvt., Supply, 6th Infantry. 
 Rohe, Frank R.— Pvt. WA. 
 Rohe, Walter L. — Pvt., Aviation. 
 Rohr, Matthew F.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. 
 Rohemiller, William E.— Pvt., Co. A, 70th Engineers. 
 Rolf, William L.— Sgt., Hdqrs., 346th Labor Bat'n. 
 Roller, Carl C— Sgt., Co. B, 328th Infantry. 
 
 Cited for bravery, October 29, 1918. 
 
 Rollins, Edward— Pvt., Co. C, U. S. Guards, 31st B'n. 
 
 Roloff, John J.— Pvt., Co. E, 306th Infantry. 
 
 RolofT, Richard C— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Roma, Frank. 
 
 Romagnuola, Francesco — Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Romane, Carl A. — Pvt., Signal Corps. 
 
 Romanillo, Anthony — Pvt., Tank Corps. 
 
 Romane, Frank L. — Cadet, Squadron D, Aviation. 
 
 Romasser, Justin F. — Pvt., Students' Army Tr. Corps. 
 
 Rombach, Frank C— Pvt., 10th Co., 152d Depot Brig. 
 
 Romel, Stanley — Corp. WA. 
 
 Rampalski, Felix— Pvt., 27th Co., 7th Train Brigade. 
 
 Romski, Albert B.— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Roneker, Fred— Pvt., 24th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Ronkowski, Charies J.— Co. A, P. W. E. WA August 
 
 1918. 
 Ronkowski, Edward E.— Pvt., S. A. T. C, (U. B.) 
 Ronkowski, Frank— Pvt., Co. B, R. B. T., 321st Unit. 
 Ronkowski, John D.— Pvt., Co. B, 13th B'n., U. S. G. 
 Ronkowski, Victor— Pvt., Co. B, 13th B'n., U. S. G. 
 Ronsch, Charies W.— Pvt., Headquarters, 327th Inf. 
 Roof, Elmer J.— Pvt., Co. B, 18th Infantry. 
 Rook, A. C— Pvt., Co. E, 112th Infantry. 
 Roose, Ernest— Pvt., Battery E, 334th Field Artillery. 
 Root, Robert K. — Capt., American Red Cross. 
 
586 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Rorick, William J. — Pvt., 303d Ammunition Train. 
 Rooth, Charles W. — Capt., 807th Pioneer Infantry. 
 Rosar, Frank— Pvt., Co. D, 305th Machine Gun Bat- 
 talion. G September 12, 1918. 
 Rosatio, Gies— Pvt., Co. D, 308th Infantry. G June 
 
 25, 1918. 
 Roscover, Alex. A. — Wagoner, Battery D, 50th F. A. 
 Rose, Charles— Pvt., Co. E, 347th Infantry. 
 Rose, Edmund W. — Coast Guards. 
 Rose, Edward T. — Pvt., Hdqrs., Camp Dix, Hdqrs. Co. 
 Rose, James L. — Corp., Co. C, 302d Engineers. WA 
 
 October 1, 1918. 
 Rose, John C— Corp., Battery B, 60th Field Artillery. 
 Rose, John V.— Pvt., Co. E, 347th Infantry. 
 Rose, Raymond A.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th U. S. Infantry. 
 Rose, Robert C, Jr. — Personnel Detachment, Adj. Gen. 
 Roseler, Edward P.— Corp., Co. F, 307th Infantry. 
 
 G November 4, 1918. 
 Rosemark, Joseph — Pvt. G September 18, 1918. 
 Rosemark, Joseph — Pvt. W. 
 
 Rosen, Maxwell M. — Pvt., Ordnance Replace. Unit. 
 Rosen, Louis — Sgt., Salvage, 17th Division. 
 Rosenberg, Dave — Pvt., Co. A, 1st Replace. Hdqrs. 
 Rosenberg, Myer- Pvt., 1st Prov., 308th M. S. Train. 
 Rosenbusch, Wm. P.— Pvt., Co. 9th, 156th Depot Brig. 
 Rosenhan, Harry G.— Pvt., Hdqrs., 38th Inf. G. 
 Rosenhan, Joseph H. — Pvt., Co. D, 312th Amm. Train. 
 Rosenik, Joseph — Pvt. WA. 
 Rosenkranz, Wm. C— Pvt., Battery B, 60th F. A. 
 Rosenthal, Joseph H. — Corp., Yale Student. 
 Rosenthal, Lawrence — Wagoner, 7th Ambulance Co. 
 Rosenthal, Walter L.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 Rosing, Louis — 1069th Hospital Corps. 
 Rosing, Max— Pvt., Co. G, 330th Infantry. 
 Roskopf, John J.— Sgt., Co. A, 36th Mach. Gun Bat'n. 
 Rosner, Edward L.— Pvt. S. A. T. C, (Rensselaer). 
 Rosner, Joseph — Sgt., Hdqrs., 72d Coast Art. Corps. 
 Ross, A. — Pvt., Canadian Expeditionary Forces. WA. 
 Ross, Charles E.— Pvt., Battery D, 60th Field Artillery. 
 Ross, Clarence — Sgt., Supply, 309th Infantry. 
 Ross, Clarence— Sgt., Co. G, 309th Infantry. 
 Ross, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. C, 318th Engineers. 
 Ross, Lloyd G. — Corp., Co. D, 23d Engineers. 
 Ross, Thomas — Corp., Replacement Battalion 28th. 
 Rossel, Edward G.— 57th Photo Division. WA. 
 
 December 6, 1918. 
 Rosenberg, Dave — Pvt., Medical Supply Depot. 
 Roskopf, Andrew P. — Pvt., Battery A, 7th Regiment, 
 
 Field Artillery. 
 Raspenda, Stanislaus — Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry. 
 
 WA September 6, 1918. 
 Rospenda, Walter — Pvt., Co. G, 302d Ammunition 
 
 Train. 
 Rossie, William P. — Sgt., 55th Pioneers. 
 Rostankowski, Stanislaus — Pvt., Co. E, 116th Engin'rs. 
 Rostankowski, Stanislaus, — Pvt., Co. E, 204th Engineers. 
 Rath, Edward C— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. WG. 
 
 June 4, 1918. 
 Roth, John Steven — Sgt., Squad G, Flying Dept. 
 Roth, Merrill W.— Pvt., 55th Transport Corps. 
 Roth, Robert — Ambulance Co. 
 
 Rothang, C. W.— Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Rothenbiller, Austin W.— Pvt., 335th Battalion, Tank 
 
 Corps. 
 Bother, Ernest J.— Pvt., Co. M, 347th Infantry. 
 Rothschild, Herman — Sgt., Co. I, Inf. Replacement. 
 Rotigliano, James V.— Pvt., Co. G, 334th F. A. 
 Rott, Herman, M.— Pvt., 420th Motor Trans. Corps. 
 Rowaska, John — Pvt. WA. 
 Rowe, Gordon — Lieut., Eagle No. 3. 
 Rowe, John W.— Pvt., Co. 67, 153d Depot Brigade 
 Rowe, Robert R. — 2d Lieut., Central Officers' Training 
 
 School, Camp Taylor. 
 Rowell, Arthur W.— Pvt., Co. N, 3d Chemical Batt'n. 
 Rowland, Clarence F. — Sgt., Camp Johnson. 
 Rowland, Charles M., Jr.— Pvt., U. S. G. N. A. 
 Rowland, Leo J. — Pvt., Aero Squadron, No. 2. 
 Rowland, William G.— Pvt., Co. A. G March 24, 1918. 
 Rowski, Louis — Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. 
 Royce, George A. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Roykouff, Otto G.— Pvt., WA. 
 Rozymslowski, Wincenty — Pvt. WA. 
 Ruben, Isadore S.— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C. 
 Ruby, Ben. F. — Pvt., Coast Artillery Corps. 
 Ruchser, Otto J.— Sgt., Co. C, 305th Field Artillery. 
 Rucki, John— Pvt., Co. B, 309th Infantry. 
 Ruckman, Frank A.— Pvt., Co. D, 414th Field Sig. Bat. 
 Ruda, Ladislaw — Pvt., 2d Infantry Replacement. 
 Rudd, Robert — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Ruddy, John F.— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry. 
 Rudhard, .James W.— Pvt., Co. C, 336th F. A. 
 Rudin, Edward B.— Pvt., Co. 6, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Rudio, H. Myron— Corp., Co. A, 306th Field Artillery. 
 Rudnicki, Bronislaw — Pvt. 
 Rudnicki, John — Pvt. 
 
 Rudnicki, Louis— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 Rudnik, John— Pvt., WA. 
 Rudolph, John H.— Pvt., 61st, 16th Battalion, 153d 
 
 Depot Brigade. 
 Rudolph, Leo J.— Pvt., Co. B, 334th Machine Gun B'n. 
 Rudy, Wasyl— Pvt., Co. L, 36th Infantry. 
 Rudzinski, Hypolet,— Pvt., Co. F, 304th Infantry. 
 Ruehl, Edward J.— Sgt., Co. E, 22d Engineers. 
 Ruff, Frederick T.— Pvt., Co. F, 12th Engineers. 
 Ruhland, John J. — Co. K, 50th Infantry. 
 Ruidlfesh, Fred Charles — Corp., Squadron F, Aerial 
 
 Gunnery School, Imperial Beach, California. 
 Ruik, Edward F.— Pvt., 135th Anti-Aircraft. 
 Rumfalo, Louis P. — Corp., Co. G, 345th Infantry. 
 Runinski, Michael J. — Corp., Co. F, 147th Infantry. 
 
 G September 19, 1918. 
 Runinski, Stephen — Pvt., Co. 46, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Rummell, Clarence W.— Corp., Co. C, 346th Infantry. 
 Rummell, George J. — Storekeeper Supply Co., 318th 
 
 Infantry. 
 Rumsey, Dexter P. — Capt., Field Artillery. 
 Runckel, George D. — Sharpshooter Co. 2, U. S. Coast 
 
 Guards. 
 Rung, Raymond F.— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C. 
 Rung, Rudolph, J. — Corp., Co, D, 302d Engineers. 
 
 WA August 24, 1918. 
 Rupport, Frank— Pvt., Co. L, 346th Infantry. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 587 
 
 Rupprecht, Leo J.— Ist-class Pvt., 312th Field Hospital. 
 
 Rusek, Frank— Pvt., 
 
 Rusek, John — Pvt., Machine Gun, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Rusek, Joseph — Pvt., Aberdeen Proving Guards. 
 
 Rush, Charles L.— Corp., Co. E, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Rushman, Frank G. — Chemical Warfare. 
 
 Rusinski, Louis J. — Unit 301, Ship Repair Shop. 
 
 Ruskiewicz, V. A. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Russ, Andrew E. — Pvt., Canadian Army. 
 
 Russ, Earl G. — Corp., Tank Corps. 
 
 Russell, Charles C— Corp., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Russell, Edwin A. — Pvt., Headquarters, 602d Engin'rs. 
 
 Russell, Harry E.— Pvt., Co. M, 51st Infantry. 
 
 Russell, Robert W.— Pvt., Co. K, 19th Field Artillery. 
 
 Russo, Anthony — Pvt., Medical Corps. 
 
 Russo, Joseph— Sgt., Co. C, 23d U. S. Infantry. G 
 
 June, 1918. 
 Russo, Silvio — Pvt., Co. 16th, 64th Company. 
 Rust, John D. — Capt., Detach. Service. 
 Ruta, Blazej— Pvt. W. 
 Ruth, Edward J.— Pvt., Battery D, 101st F. A. 
 Rutkpwski, Bronislaw — Pvt., Co. D, 1st Dept. Battal'n. 
 Rutter, Harry L. — 1st Sgt., Quartermasters Corps, 
 
 78th Division. 
 Rutterman, Otto J.— Pvt., Co. F, 327th Infantry. 
 Ryan, Bart F.— Pvt., Co. K, 348th Infantry. 
 Ryan, Edward — Cook, Co. H, 3d Training Engineers. 
 Ryan, Edwin J.— Pvt., U. S. C. G. Academy. 
 Ryan, Harry — Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 Ryan, James J. — Corp., Co. A, 309th Infantry. 
 Ryan, John J. — Pvt., Headquarters, 307th Infantry. 
 Ryan, John J. — Corp., Co. A, 303d Engineers. 
 Ryan, Joseph E. — Pvt., Co. 4, Aberdeen, Maryland. 
 Ryan, Louis P. — Sgt., Headquarters, 301st Stevedore 
 
 Regiment. 
 Ryan, Mark C. — Pvt., Camp Dix Medical Corps. 
 Ryan, Stephen V.— Corp., S. A. T. C. 
 Ryan, Thomas E.— Pvt., Battery B, 4th Field Artillery. 
 Ryan, Vincent T.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Ryan, Wilfred G.— Pvt., General Hospital 12. 
 Rybarczyk, Leo A.— Pvt., Co. C, 309th Infantry. 
 Rybarczyk, Michael F.— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Rybarczyk, Frank — Pvt., Co. A, Chemical Warfare 
 
 Service Gas Defense. 
 Rybarczyk, Stephen H.— P\'t., Co. C, 348th Infantry. 
 Rybecki, S. V.— Co. B, 315th Ambulance Train. 
 Rycombel, Wladyslaw — Pvt. WA. 
 Rydzewski, Walter— Pvt., Co. H, 326th Infantry. WA. 
 
 October 14, 1918. 
 Ryjczynski, John — Pvt., Co. I, 59th Infantry. 
 Rykert, Oscar A.— Pvt., 306th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 
 WA August 24, 1918. 
 Ryle, W. J.— Pvt., Battery C, 16th Field Artillery. 
 Ryle, Walter J.— Troop G, 7th Cavalry. 
 Ryngwakki, Edward— Pvt., Co. K, 30th Infantry. 
 Ryngwelski, Anthony — Pvt., WA. 
 Ryngwelski, Stanley— Pvt., Co. I, 78th Infantry. 
 Ryther, Gordon C. — Lieut., 44th Infantry. 
 Rzodkiewicz, Anthony — Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. 
 Sabatino, Massino C— Pvt., Co. E, 2d Rep. 
 Sabon. John— Pvt., 345th. 
 
 Sabota, Paul -Mess Sgt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. K. 
 
 Saccomagno, Bruno — Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. WA 
 
 Saccomagno, Brune — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Sachowitz, Sam — WA. 
 
 Sachs, Leo M. — Lieut., Medical, 54th Infantry. 
 
 Saddler, Joseph H.— Saddler, Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Sadlofsky, F. W.— Corp., Co. H, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Sadowski, Peter— Pvt., WA. 
 
 Saeli, Ignazio,— Pvt., Co. M, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Saffredo, Michael— Pvt., Headquarters, 906-312 San. 
 
 Train. 
 Sage, Arthur E.— Pvt., 304th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 Sambrotto, Remigildo — Co. L, 347th Infantry. 
 Samson, Walter L. — U. S. Proving Grounds. 
 Samulski,— Pvt., Headquarters D, C. R. 0. A. P. 0. 902 
 Sandell, Frank M.— Capt., 50th Infantry. 
 Sander, John B.— Pvt. WA. 
 Sanders, George A. — Pvt., School Aeronautics. 
 Sanderson, Sidney — Pvt. WA. 
 Sandman, Norbert H. — Pvt., Headquarters Troop, 3d 
 
 Army Corps. 
 Sandman, Raymond J. — 1st Lieut., Dental Corps. 
 Sander, John N.— Pvt., Co. F, 147th Infantry. WA. 
 Sandner, Joseph — Quartermaster, Motor Group, Re- 
 
 claimation Division. 
 Sanetzke, Albert — Pvt., 312 Engineers Train. 
 Sanetzke, Joseph A.— Pvt., Co. E, 302 Am. Train. 
 Sanetzke, Maxwell — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Sansone, Lawrence — Pvt., Co. M, 347th Infantry. 
 San Fellipe, Giuseppe — Pvt. WA. 
 Santes, George J.— Cook, Co. G, 309th Infantry. G. 
 Santowski, Brono — Utilities Camp Service. 
 Santowski, Wladyslaw — Pvt,. Camp Utilities. 
 Sapienza, Leonard A. — Pvt., Dental Co. No. 1. 
 Sapienza, Leonard L. — Medical Reserve Laboratory. 
 Sargent, WilHam D.— Corp., Co. C, 346th Infantry. 
 Sarnowski, Frank — Pvt., 123 School Co., Machine Gun 
 
 School, Motor Transport Corps. 
 Saernowski, James B. — Pvt., Aviation Headquarters. 
 Sarnowski, Joseph B. — 1st Sgt., 1107 Aeronautical 
 
 Squad. 
 Sarnowski, Stanley — Pvt., 59th Pioneers Infantry. 
 Sartori, John — Pvt., 52d Infantry. 
 Saski, George — Pvt., Co. 7, 152 Depot Brigade. 
 Saner, Emil O. — Pvt., Co. I, 2d Pioneer Infantry. 
 Sauer, Joseph — Pvt., Concentration Reclaimation Co. 
 Sanetz, Joseph — Mechanic, 302 Ammunition Train. 
 Satterfield, John M. — Major, Headquarters Air Ser- 
 vice, France. 
 Sauer, Alvin J. — Co. 6, Coast Guard Service. 
 Sauer, Charles— Pvt. WA. 
 Sauer, Irving J.— Pvt., 36th Field Artillery. 
 Saunders, Bernard G. — Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry. 
 Saunders, Cecil C. — Ist-class Fireman, Co. A, 19th 
 
 Regiment. 
 Saunders, Chester H.— Sgt., G, 309th Infantry. WA. 
 Saunders, Harold— Pvt., Co. B, 117th Field Signal Bat. 
 Saunders, Ivan R. — Sgt. WA. 
 Saunders, Julius C— Pvt., Co. B, 64th Battalion. 
 Saunders, William A.— Pvt., Co. I, 90th Infantry. 
 Sauerer, Fay H. — Pvt., 313 Motor Supply Train. 
 
588 
 
 BUFFALO'S Part in the World War 
 
 Sauter, Eugene G.— Sgt., Co. B, 309th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Sauter, George J. — Cook. WA. 
 
 Sauter, Joseph A. — Musician, Headquarters, 55th 
 
 Pioneer Infantry. 
 Sauter, Joseph L. — Pvt., Co. D, 25th Engineers. 
 Sautuch, Peter — Pvt., Machine Gun, 33d Infantry. 
 Savage, Henry — Pvt., V. S. Guard, 47th Battahon. 
 Savage, Thomas B. — 2d Lieut. 
 Savdales, Spews— Pvt., Co. C, 147th Infantry. 
 Savell, Andrew T.— Pvt., Co. H, 309th Infantry. WA. 
 Sawinski, Edward — Co. F, 3d Infantry. 
 Saxe, Ferdinand J.— Pvt., Co. 11, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Saxer, John P. — Sgt., Co. 6, Replacement. 
 Scaffidi, Anthony— Pvt. WA. 
 Scanlon, Matthew J.— Pvt., Co. G, 303 Am. Train. 
 Scanlon, Michael — Pvt., Co. I, 21st Engineers. 
 Scanlon, Michael J.— Sgt., Co. A, 56th Field Artillery. 
 Scanlon, Thomas A. — Lieut., Infantry, R. C. 
 Scannell, John J. — Corp., Co. D, Machine Gun, 305th. 
 Scappichia, Donate — Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry. 
 Scarborough, Floris— Pvt., Co. E, 9th. WA. 
 Scarozzo, Luigi — Pvt. 
 Scarpace, Samuel— Pvt., Co. F, 307th. 
 Scarpello, Giuseppe — Co. E, 327th Infantry. 
 Scarpena, Joseph — Corp., Co. L, 347th Infantry. 
 Scatcherd, Archie H.— Pvt., Co. 37, 153d Depot Brig. 
 Scatcherd, Meredith W. — Segt., 342 Aero Squadron. 
 Scelsi, Moirio— Pvt., Co. L, Mobile, 329th Infantry. 
 Schaab, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. 15, 152d Depot Brigade. 
 Schab, Nelson W.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th. 
 Schaefer, Arthur C.^Major, Sanitary Squad, No. 44. 
 Schaefer, Daniel J.— Pvt., 58th Canadian. WA. 
 Schaefer, George — Pvt., Machine Gun, 347 Infantry. 
 Schaefer, Fiank A.— Pvt., Co. B, 334th Mach. Gun Bat. 
 Schaefer, Raymond G. — Pvt., Supply, 306th Infantry. 
 Schaefer, Frank J.— Pvt., Battery E, 345th F. A. 
 Schaefer, Chiistian— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 Schaefer, Clarence B. — Lieut., 62d Pioneer Infantry. 
 Schaefer, Frederick E.— Pvt., Supply Train 428, 547 
 
 Motor Truck Co. 
 Schaefer, Henry— Pvt., Co. C, 148th Infantry. 
 Schaefer, Henry A.— Pvt., Co. F, 147th Infantry. 
 Schaefer, James L.— Pvt., Co. D, 148th Mach. Gun Bat. 
 Schaefer, Robert J.— Pvt., Co. F, 314th Infantry. 
 Schaefer, Wm. F.— Pvt., Co. B, 307th Infantry. WA. 
 Schaeffer, Daniel J.— Cook, Battery B, 13th F. A. 
 Schaertel, August J. — Mechanic, Mach. Gun, 309th Inf. 
 Schaetzer, Elmer— Corp., Co. B, 331 Tank Corps Batt'n 
 Schafer, Arthur 0. — Chauffeur, Co. D, 3d Battalion 
 
 Military Police. 
 Schaefer, Everett C— Pvt., Battery D, 336th F A. 
 Schaefer, Howard E.— Pvt. WA. 
 Schaff, Victor W.— Pvt., Co. B, 13th Bat. U. S. Guards. 
 Schaffer, Daniel S.— Pvt., Co. B, 13th Field Artillery. 
 Schaffner, Louis F. — Battery Sgt., Major Headquarters, 
 
 38th U. S. Infantry. WA. 
 Schalk, Carl F. — Wagoner, Headquarters, 302 Engin'rs. 
 Schalk, Edward H.— Pvt. WA. 
 Schamber, Harry G.- — Pvt., Co. A, 65th Infantry. 
 Schamble, Fred— Pvt., Co. 69, Infantry. 
 Schaner. G. J.— Cook. Co. H. G. 
 
 Schauei, John J.— Pvt., Co. L, 302 G. M. Corps. 
 
 Schanz, William J.— Pvt., Headq'rs, 328th Inf. WA. 
 
 Schanzer, Samuel— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Schapp, Elmer Henry — Sgt., Co. C, 62d Pioneers Inf. 
 
 Schardt, Anthony J. — Headquarters Detachment, 
 Camp Gordon. 
 
 Schardt, John P. — 301 Stevedore Regiment. 
 
 Schardt, Peter F.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Scharlan, Harry J. — Headquarters, Quartermasters 
 Corps, 1st Depot. 
 
 Scharre, Edward J. — Corp., Co. G, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Schauker, Meyer — 305th Infantry. 
 
 Schaumloeffel, Arthur C. — Corp., Co. G, Squadron. 
 
 Schebrowski, Albert J. 
 
 Scheely, Elmer H. — Corp., 26th 1st Division. 
 
 Scheerle, Charles— Pvt., P. W. E., 33d. GA. 
 
 Scheerle, Robert — Pvt., 29th Balloon Detachment. 
 
 Schell, Fred— Pvt., Co. C, 303d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Schellinger, Harold W.— Capt., 18th Depot Brigade. 
 
 Schell, Stephen— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Schell, Edward— Cook, Co. K, 7th Infantry. WA. 
 July 15, 1918. 
 
 ScheifHee, Henry— Pvt., Co. D, 303d Ammunition Tr'n. 
 
 Schenck, Edward J. — Pvt., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Schenerb, Edwin W.— Pvt., Co. 12, 99th Division. 
 
 Scheoeck, Edward E. — Pvt., Battery A, 1st Priv. Brig., 
 First Army Replacement Depot. 
 
 Scherer, Clarence E. — Pvt., Co. M, 1st Infantry Re- 
 placement Regiment. 
 
 Scher, William F.— Pvt., Co. L, 121st Infantry. 
 Schermerhorn, J. N. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Schemer, Oscar A. — Motor Transport, 487. 
 Scheuer, Dora — Base Hospital, 23. 
 Scheu, Walter J.— Pvt., Co. K, 7th Infantry. 
 Scheuch, Leo R. — Corp., Headquarters, 327th Infantry. 
 Scheuneman, Emil F.— Pvt., Co. C, 109th Machine 
 
 Gun Battalion. 
 Scheuneman, Wm. P.— Pvt., 38, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Schiavone, Michiali — Pvt. 
 Schiavone, Rous — Pvt., 325th Infantry. 
 Schiavone, Santz — Pvt., Headquarters Co. 12th Inf. 
 Schick, George W.— Pvt., Co. L, 345th Inf., A. E. F. 
 Schick, Henry C— Pvt., Co. A, 502d Engineers' Bat'n. 
 Scheiber, Clarence C. — Pvt., Supply Co. , 40th Infantry 
 Scheible, Charles M. — Pvt., Quartermasters Corps. 
 Scheible, Michael C. 
 
 Schieder, George — Pvt., Medical Detachment, 347th 
 Infantry. Transport "Persic" was torpedoed 
 going over September 7. 1918. 
 Scheider, John — Pvt., Headquarters Co. 59th Pioneers. 
 Scheurle, Edwin— Pvt., 12th Co., W. A. D. T. C. 
 Schiefer, Jacob — Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. Prisoner 
 
 of War. 
 Scheiffele, Henry F.— Pvt., Co. D, 303d Ammunition Tr. 
 Schiefler, Jacob — Pvt., Camp Rastatt, Prisoner. 
 Schiener, Walter F.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. C, 23d Eng. 
 Schierstein, Joseph — Sgt., Co. 16, Air Service, 3d Reg. M. 
 Schiesel, Matthew— Corp., Co. A, S.A.T.C, (Canisius). 
 Schiesel, William L.— Sgt., Co. C, 309th Infantry. WA. 
 Schefferle, Clayton F.— Pvt., 479th Motor Truck Co. 
 Schifferle, Joseph S.— Co. 8, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 589 
 
 Schiffhauer, Leo E.— Pvt., Battery D, 310th F. A. 
 Schiffhauer, Robert J. — Pvt., November Automatic 
 
 Replacement Draft, Tank No. 1. 
 Schiffmacher, Frank^Corp., Co. A, 302d Am. Train. 
 Schiffmacher, Richard— Pvt., Co. C, Tank Corps, 306. 
 Schiffmacher,Winiam — Corp.,Headq'rs. Co., 308th Eng. 
 Schill, Edward H.— Pvt., Co. C, 325th Infantry. 
 Schilling, Joseph G. — Sgt., Utility Quarteimaster Corps 
 
 Camp Dix. 
 Schilling, Joseph T.— Pvt., Headquarters, 335th F. A. 
 Schillo, Augustus C. — Sgt., Co. 36, Central Officers. 
 
 Training School. 
 Schimid, Christ — Pvt., Co. A, 2d Regiment, First Army 
 
 Replacement Depot. 
 Schirman, William J. — 1st Sgt., Co. 13, Quartermaster 
 
 Corps, Washington, D. C. 
 Schirmer, Anthony A.— Pvt., Co. B, 328th. WA. 
 Schlant, Edward B.— Lieut., 4th Bat. 153d Depot Brig. 
 Schlant, Norman S. — 243d Aero Squadron, Kelly Field. 
 Schlatzer, Louis— Corp., Co. A, 306th U. S. Infantry. 
 Schleehauf, Louis A. — Pvt., Conservation and Reclam. 
 Schlegel, George E.— Corp., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 Schleidt, Albert M.— Pvt., Co. D, 305th. 
 Sehlizer, John — 3d Field Artillery. 
 Schlenk, Charles W.— 307th Labor Battalion, Quarter- 
 master Corps. 
 Schlenker, Arthur E.— Pvt., Base Hospital 89. 
 Schlenker, Edward— Pvt., Co. 61, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Schlenker, John C— Pvt., Headquarters Co. 327th Inf. 
 Schlia, Frank A. — Sgt., Veterinary Corps. 
 Schlifke, August— Bugler, Battery F, 335th F. A. 
 Schlicht,George E. — Pvt., Machine Gun, 31 1th Infantry. 
 Schloerb, George W. 
 
 Schloetzer, Charles A.— Pvt., Battery C, 331st F. A. 
 Schloetzer, George — Bugler, Co. I, 3d Infantry. 
 Schloetzer, Henry L. — Pvt., Co. A, 1st Replacement 
 
 Regiment. 
 Schlosser, Frank W.— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry. 
 Schlosser, Frederick R.— Corp., Battery D, 304th F. A. 
 Schlotterbeck, Charles— Pvt., Co. D, 27th Infantry. 
 Schlottman, Harold C— Co. B, 33d Battalion. 
 Schlotzer, Leo. A. — Corp., Co. A, 346th Infantry. 
 Schlotzer, Raymond J.— Pvt., Co. C, 326th Infantry. 
 Schlup, Walter— Pvt., Camp Dix. 
 Schmand, Edward C— Corp., 320th Tank Corps. 
 Schmandt, William— Pvt., Co. F, 34th— 87th Division. 
 Schneider, Edward— Pvt., Co. E, 312th Supply Train. 
 Schmeider, William E. — Sgt., Co. A, 55th Pioneers. 
 Schmid, Gustav W.— Pvt., Co. K, 307th Infantry. 
 Schmidbauer, John E. — Corp., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 Schmidt, Albert — Pvt., Co. A, 61st Railway Transport. 
 Schmidt, C— Pvt., Co. B, 62d Engineers. 
 Schmidt, Charles A. — Corp., Co. E, Military Police. 
 Schmidt, Elmer C. — Quartermaster Office. 
 Schmidt, Edward F.— Pvt., Co. 45, 153d Depot Brigade 
 Schmidt, Elmer R.— Pvt., Co. H, 307th Infantry. 
 Schmidt, George C— Pvt., Co. B, 23d Infantry. 
 Schmidt, George J.— Pvt. WA. 
 Schmidt, Hans, Jr. — 1st Lieut., 6th Regiment, Battery 
 
 First Army Replacement Depot. 
 Schmidt, Henry— Pvt., Co. D,S.A.T.C., (Carnegie Tech.) 
 
 Schmidt, Henry G.— Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneers. 
 Schmidt, Henry G.— 1st Sgt., Co. B, U. S. Guards, 16th 
 
 Battalion. 
 Schmidt, Richard H. — Lieut., Army. 
 Schmidt, William F.— Pvt., 12 General Hospital. 
 Schmidt, Walter S.— Sgt., 14th Observation Bat. F, A. C. 
 Schmidt, William F. — Sgt., Army Hospital 8, Medical. 
 Schmidt, William A.— Corp., Co. H, 306th. 
 Schmidt, Paul J.— Pvt., Co. K, 132d Infantry. 
 Schmidt, Arthur W.— Corp., 115th Field Artillery. 
 Schmidt, John K.— 98th Balloon Co. 
 Schmit, Arnold— Pvt., Co. B, Barracks No. 113. 
 Schmit, George— 1st Sgt., Battery 1, 158th Signal, 
 
 1st Regiment. 
 Schmit, Robert M. — Pvt., 1103 Aero Replacement Sqd. 
 Schmitt, Carl N. E.— Pvt., Co. B, S. A. T. C. 
 Schmitt, Christian E.— Pvt., Co. E, 164th Inf., A. E. F. 
 Schmitt, Alfred H.— Co. H, 35th Field Artillery. 
 Schmitt, George A.— Pvt., Co. H, 345th. 
 Schmitt, Michael — Pvt., 153 Depot Brigade. 
 Schmitt, Peter J. — Pvt., Medical Corps. 
 Schmitt, Nicholas J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Schmitt, PhilHp J.— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 Schmitt, William F.— Pvt., U. S. Medical Corps. 
 Schmitt, Max— Pvt., Co. D, 147th Infantry. 
 Schmitter, Anthony — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Schmitz, Alexander — Pvt., Co. C, 302d Ammunition Tr. 
 Schmitz, Cyril L. — Sgt., 2d Provincial Regiment. 
 Schmitz, Elmer J. — Pvt., Motor Repair Shop, 301st 
 
 Motor Transport Corps. 
 Schmitz, Ralph A.— Pvt., Co. B, 4th Detachment. 
 Schmuckle, Charles— Pvt., Co. M, 348th Infantry. 
 Schmuckler, Morris L.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Schmucker, George S. — Pvt. 
 
 Schmurstine, Edward J. — Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 Schnaller, Frank — Co. H, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 Schnapp, George J.— Pvt., Mach. Gun, 311th Inf. WA. 
 Schnautz, William J.— Pvt., Headq'rs. Co., 311th Inf. 
 Schneck, Enno A. H.— Pvt., Co. D, 303d Engineers. 
 Schneeberger, Peter— Pvt., Co. H, 326th Infantry. WA. 
 Schneggenburger, Alfred J. — Pvt. Missing. 
 Schneider, Alfred J. — 1st Sgt., Infantry, Syracuse, N. Y. 
 Schneider, Charles J. — Pvt., Ordnance Department, 
 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 Schneider, Elmer C— Corp., Battery F, 7th, 3d Brigade 
 Schneider, Frank — Pvt., Co. L, 3d Division. G. 
 Schneider, George — Pvt., Prisoner. 
 Schneider, George J.— Pvt., Co. F, 306th Infantry. 
 Schneider, Jacob — Medical Detachment, Camp Taylor. 
 Schneider, John C. — Pvt., Co. 57, Photo Division. 
 Schneider, -John F.— Pvt., Co. E, 605th Engineers. 
 Schneider, Leo — Corp., Co. F, 110th Infantry. 
 Schneider, Samuel T. — Corp., Machine Gun, 309th Inf. 
 Schneider, William J. — Pvt., Co. 4, Camp Wheeler. 
 Schnell, Hudson R.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Schneider, Edward J. — Corp., Machine Gun, 61st Inf. 
 Schneider, Fred W. — Pvt., Headquarters, 78th F. A. 
 Schneider, Frank— Pvt. WA. 
 Schneider, George — Pvt. WA. 
 Schneider, Jacob A.— Pvt., Co. A, 65th. 
 Schneider, John— Pvt., 12th Co. W, 157th Depot Brig. 
 
590 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Schneider, William J.— Corp., Co. C, 303d. 
 Schneider, William J.— Co. B, 502d Service Battalion. 
 Schnell, Hudson R.— Corp., Co. K, 7th Infantry. WA. 
 Schnell, Ralph F.— Corp., Co; G, 325th Infantry. 
 Schnidt, Frederick C— Pvt., Co. L, 340th Infantry. 
 Schnitman, Nathaniel E. — Sgt., Air Service, 4th Detach. 
 Schnorr, Carl W. — Sgt., 35th Engineers. 
 Schnurstein, Edward J. — Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 Schober, Paul J.— Pvt., Co. D, 312d Ammunition Train. 
 Schober, William — Pvt., Battery A, Field Artillery. 
 Schuedel, Carl G.— Pvt., Co. A, 502. 
 Schoen, Alois C— 2d Lieut., Co. G, 47th Infantry. 
 Schoen, Charles F.— Pvt., Co. E, 303d Engineers. 
 Schoen, Max. A.— Pvt., Co. D, 20th Infantry. 
 Schoenborn, Fred W. — U. S. Aviation. 
 Schoenborn, Henry E. 
 
 Schoenborn, Robt. F.— Co. H, 311th Infantry. WA. 
 Schoenthol, Robt. A.— Co. I, 311th Infantry. 
 Schoening, Fred C— Pvt., Co. D, 303d Ammunition Tr. 
 Schopf, Raymond P. — Corp., Co. E, Telephone Batt'n. 
 Schoemann, Bernhardt F. — Pvt., Dental Corps, 3d Bat. 
 Schoettle, Joseph H. — Pvt., 311th Ambulance Corps. 
 Scholl, John J.— Sgt., 348th Infantry. 
 Schott, Alvin F.— Pvt., 1st Headq'rs, 153d Depot Brig. 
 Scholz, Arthur L.— Sgt., Co. F, 309th Infantry. 
 Schopf, Geo. J.— Lieut., Co. F, 309th Infantry. WA. 
 
 October 16, 1918. 
 Schott, Emil G.— Pvt., Co. I, 64th Infantry. 
 Schottin, August W. — Pvt., Co. A, 502d Engineers. 
 Schrader, Arthur J.— Pvt., Co. M, 4th Infantry. G. 
 
 October, 1918. 
 Schrader, Charles G.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. ( Canisius.) 
 Schrader, Cleo P. — Pvt., Aviation Service. 
 Schrader, Geo. C. — Pvt., 312th Ammunition Train. 
 Schrader, Thomas U.— Pvt., Co. C, 13th Battalion. 
 Schraft, William G.— Pvt., Co. D, 212th Engineers. 
 Schramka, Anthony J. — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneer Inf. 
 Schranz, Edw, J.— Corp., Co. H, 311th Infantry. 
 Schranz, Peter A.— Sgt., Co. D, 872d Squadron. 
 Schraven, Harry J. — Corp., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 Schreck, Fred M. — 7th Machine Gun Co. 
 Schreckenberger, Aloy V. — Pvt., Ambulance 306. 
 Schreider, Edmund C— Pvt., Co. F, 111th Infantry. 
 
 WA August 10, 1918. 
 Schreiber, Raymond J.— Pvt., Co. B, 309th Infantry. 
 
 G. twice. October 4, 1918. 
 Schreiber, Wm. C— Pvt., Co. C, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Schreiner, Alvin F. — Pvt., Co. L, 15th Aviation Camp. 
 Schrems, Henry J. — Pvt., Co. L, 346th Infantry. 
 Schrimpton, Merrill — Corp., Co. L, 59th Pioneers. 
 Schrive, Leroy — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Schroeck, Edward — Pvt., Co. A, 156th Depot Brigade. 
 Schroeder, Arthur J.— Pvt., Co. D, 346th Infantry. 
 Schroeder, George — Pvt., Battery A, 3d Brigade. 
 Schroeder, Herman W. — Sgt., Headquarters. 
 Schroeder, John F. — Pvt., 18th Brigade, Field Artillery. 
 Schroeder, Louis — Mess Sgt., 24th Co., 153d Depot Brg. 
 Schroendler, Edward J. — Sgr. Maj., 33d Balloon. 
 Schroeppel, William R.— Corp., Co. B, 328th Infantry. 
 Schroer, Joseph G. — Wagoner, Evacuation Ambulance 
 
 Corps 17. 
 
 Schruefer, Charles — Co. F, 312th Ammunition Train. 
 Schroff, Charles— Pvt., Motor Corps, 110th Infantry. 
 Schruefer, John — Co. K, 7th Infantry. 
 Schubert, Fred T.— Sgt., Service Park Unit 382. 
 Schubert, Val.— Pvt., Co. I, 59th Pioneers. 
 Schubring, Albert— Pvt. WA. 
 Schuck, Fred — Gas Defense. 
 
 Schuck, Henry R. — Pvt., Co. A, 1st Depot Brigade. 
 Schueller, Charles W.— Pvt., 307th Medical Corps. 
 Schueller, Frederick E. — Corp., 328th Medical Corps. 
 Schugardt, Harry A. — Corp., Quartermaster Corps, 
 
 Transport Service. 
 Schuhmacher, William — Wagoner, Supply, 307th Inf. 
 Schueler, Henry P.— Pvt., Co. K. 
 Schuesler, James S. — Ordnance Casual Co. No. 1. 
 Schuessler, Gustave A. — Pvt., Headq'rs, l'5th F. A. 
 Schnitter, Sylvester B. — 2d Lieut., Unassigned. 
 Schuldes, John — Pvt., Medical Corps, 83. 
 Schuldes, Charles F.— Pvt., Co. G, 345th Infantry. 
 Schuler, Christ W.— Pvt., Co. A, 348th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. 
 Schuler, John— Sgt., Co. E, 309th Infantry. WA. 
 
 October, 1918. 
 Schulman, William L.— Lieut., 13th Co., 153d. 
 Schultz, Albert F.^Cook, Co. E, 309th Infantry. G. 
 
 October 5, 1918. 
 Schultz, Charles F.— Corp., Co. C, 7th Infantry. WA. 
 
 July 22, 1918. 
 Schultz, Edward C— Corp., Co. H, 307th. 
 Schultz, Elmer G.— Pvt., Co. M, 306th Infantry. 
 Schultz, Frank— Pvt., Co. G, 345th Infantry. 
 Schultz, Frank— Pvt. WA. 
 Schultz, Frank— Pvt. 
 Schulz, Erich— Pvt. 
 
 Schultz, Henry A.— Pvt., Co. M, 347th Infantry. 
 Schultz, Joseph — Pvt., 3d Co., Aviation. 
 Schultz, John F.— Pvt. W. 
 
 Schultz, Morris — Pvt., Co. D, Headquarters Battalion. 
 Schultz, Peter N.— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry. 
 Schultz, Philip— Pvt., 305th Field Artillery. 
 Schultz, Walter L.— Pvt., Co. A, Tank Corps, 342d Bat. 
 Schultz, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 Schultz, Frank F.— Co. F, 312th Supply Train. 
 Schultz, Henry W.— Co. D, U. S. Guards. 
 Schultz, Leo — Pvt. Wounded severely. 
 Schultz, Robert W.— Pvt., 106th Supply Train. 
 Schultz, Walter J.— Corp., Bakery 395th. 
 Schulz, Fred— Ch. Mech., 4th Co., Coast Artillery Cps. 
 Schulz, Henry— Pvt., Co. B, 18th Infantry. WA. 
 
 October 5. 
 Schumacher, John W.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Schumacher, Edward W. — Pvt., Machine Gun, 347th 
 
 Infantry. 
 Schuman, John E. — Pvt., Headquarters, 2d Army. 
 Schunke, Francis C— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry. 
 
 WA October 14, 1918. 
 Schunke, Felix— Corp., 6th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Schunke, John L. — 2d Co. Medical Ordnance. 
 Schupp, Geo. J. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Schuppenhaver, Charles F.— Pvt., Co. B, 347th Infany. 
 Schurgler, Charles — 1st Regiment. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 591 
 
 Schurr, David F.— Co. B, 5th. 
 
 Schuster, Anders G. — Pvt., Medical Corps. 
 
 Schusterbauer, Albert F. — 57th Coast Artillery. 
 
 Schutt, Frank— Co. A, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Schutt, Robert — Pvt., Co. E, 6th Ammunition Train. 
 
 Schwab, Ferdinand — Machinist, Supply Co., 309th Inf. 
 
 Schwab, Fred L. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Schwab, Herman — Corp., Camp Canteen 15. 
 
 Schwab, Joseph G. — 3d Co., 4th Motor Mechanics. 
 
 Schwab, William — Sgt., Headquarters, 55th Pioneers. 
 
 Schwagler, Fred L. — Sgt., 153d Depot Brig., Camp Dix. 
 
 Schwabel, Frank— Pvt., Field Hospital 346. 
 
 Schwabl, William F.— Sgt., 5th Co., M. R. S. M. T. C. 
 Unit 303. 
 
 Schwach, Leo — Pvt., Co. D, 147th Infantry. 
 
 Schwaller, Charles L. — Co. A, 31st Battalion. 
 
 Schwamle, Adam H. — Pvt., W. 
 
 Schrvan, Michael— Pvt., Remont Depot 307. 
 
 Schwartz, Adam— Pvt., Co. C, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Schwartz, Alfred C— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Schwartz, Clemens P. M. — Pvt., Headquarters, 5th 
 Training Battalion. 
 
 Schwartz, Edwin W.— Wagoner, Co. B, 302d Am.Train. 
 
 Schwartz, George— Pvt., Co. B, 336th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. 
 
 Schwartz, Jacob F.— Pvt., 22d Infantry. 
 
 Schwartz, Willis T. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps, Base 
 Hospital 202. 
 
 Schwartzenburg, Edmund R. — Sgt., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Schwarz, Charles C. — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Schwarz, Richard M.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. K, 345th Inf. 
 
 Schwarzatt, Joseph H. — Pvt., Co. M, 59th Pioneers Inf. 
 
 Schwarzatt, William — Pvt., 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Schweder, Henry — Battery A, 36th Field Artillery. 
 
 Schweitzer, Arthur — Pvt., Co. B, 81st Engineers. 
 
 Schweitzer, Frank — Base Hospital 19. Injured Septem- 
 ber 22, 1919. 
 
 Schweitzer, Phily— 305th Field Hospital. 
 
 Schweitzer, John — Pvt., Headquarters, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Schweitzer, Peter C— 31st Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Schweizer, Andrew M. — Corp., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Schweizer, Joseph A. — Wagoner, Co. A, 303d Ammu- 
 nition Train. 
 
 Schwenk, Michael A. — Pvt. 
 
 Schwend, Theodore H.— Corp., Co. E, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Schwender, August C. — Ist-class Pvt., Chemical War- 
 fare Service. 
 
 Schwendener, David — Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Schwendener, Moses D. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. I, 345th Inf. 
 
 Schwender, Nicholas J. — Ist-class Pvt., Base Hospital 
 Unit 23. 
 
 Schwendler, Henry F.— Pvt., Co. B, 336th Machine 
 Gun Battery. 
 
 Schwenk, Herman — Ist-class Pvt., 5th Training Batt'n. 
 
 Schwert, Avery C— Pvt., Co. C, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Schwertjeger, Jacob F. — Pvt., Motor Corps, 38th Inf. 
 
 Schwier, John — Pvt., Unassigned. 
 
 Schwind, Claren A.— Pvt., Co. A, 7th Infantry. 
 
 Schwing, Eugene — Pvt., Co. C, 37th Engineers. 
 
 Schwinn, Frederick— Corp., Battery B, 34th F. A. 
 
 Schwach, Cyril E. — Plumber, Experiment Station. 
 
 Sciandria, Angelo— Pvt., Battery E, 59th F. A. 
 
 Scibette, Charles A.— Pvt., 66th Co., 5th 1st Battalion. 
 
 Scibetta, Charles— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Sciolino, Benedetto — Headquarters, 344th F. A. 
 
 Sciturro, Mike— Pvt., 48th Co., 12th Battalion. 
 
 Scocchera, Fred — Pvt., 42d Co., Depot Brigade Ord- 
 nance Department. 
 
 Scott, Royal D.— Pvt., Co. D, 53d Infantry. 
 
 Scott, Charles J.— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Scott, Harold V.— 1st Sgt., Co. D, 308th. 
 
 Scott, J. Stinson — 2d Lieut., Central Officers' Training 
 School 27. 
 
 Scrinshaw, Clifford A.^Pvt., Tank Corps. 
 
 Scrinshaw, Harold A. — Corp., Tank Corps. 
 
 Scully, Gerald — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Scudder, Harry D.— Pvt., 126th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Sczavinski, Raymond C— Pvt., Co. G, 307th. WA. 
 August 27, 1918. 
 
 Scully, John H.— Pvt., 305th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 WA September 25, 1918, Argonne. 
 
 Seabrook.William- Sgt., Co. D, S. A.T.C. (Wentworth.) 
 
 Seager, Samuel M.— Corp., Battery B, 307th Field 
 Artillery. WA September 28, 1918. 
 
 Seagrave, John — 305th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 
 Seamons, George A. — Pvt., Co. I, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Searle, Fred W.— 1st Lieut., Co. C, 7th Division. 
 
 Seaver, Ralph— Pvt., 342d Guard and Fire. 
 
 Sebastiano, Pasquale— Pvt., 308th Field Hospital, 302 
 Supply Train. 
 
 Sebastiano, Peter— Pvt., Battery A, 334th F. A. 
 
 Sedine, Frank. 
 
 Sedine, Joseph— Co. B, 311th Infantry. WA October 
 29, 1918. 
 
 Seeberger, Charles— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Seeger, Edwin— Co. M, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Seeger, R. Glenn — Pvt., Co. C, 302 Engineers. Injured 
 October 2, 1918. 
 
 Seeber, Harry— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Seelbach, Earl H. — Capt., Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Seelbach, Theodore— Pvt., Camp Dix, 153d Depot Br. 
 
 Seemueller, Harold J. — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Seesman, Felix F.— Pvt., Co. C, 148th Infantry. 
 
 Schwier, John — Pvt., Unassigned, U. S. Infantry. 
 
 See, John, Jr.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Seggis, Vito— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Seibert, Wilmer W.— Pvt. W. 
 
 Seile, Frederick M.— Corp., 326th Infantry. WA Sep- 
 tember 29. 
 
 Seib, George— Sgt., 7th Division Battery 2d. 
 
 Seibel, Henry — Motor Transport 727. 
 
 Seiber, John G.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Seibert, Ed. W. — Corp., 4th Casual, 1st Provincial Reg. 
 
 Seibert, Edward J.— Sgt., Co. B, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Seibert, Elmer W.— Pvt., 311th Machine Gun. 
 
 Seibert, Elmer S. — Ist-class Sgt., Headq'rs, Air Service. 
 
 Seibert, William F. — Quartermaster Corps, Utilities 
 Department. 
 
 Seibold, Richard— Pvt., 14th Ala. Battery, F. A. 
 
 Seidel, Edward — Pvt., 838th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Seidenstucker, Fred H. C— Ist-class Pvt., Co. A, 147. 
 
 Seifert, George L. — Corp., 12th Co., Machine Gun Cen. 
 
592 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Seiffert, John G. — Headquarters, 344th Brigade. G. 
 ^ October 27, 1918. 
 
 Seig, John R.— Pvt., Machine Gun, 305th U. S. Inf. 
 Seil, Amandus — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Seller, Eugene F. — Pvt., Co. M, 21st Engineers. 
 Seitz, Joseph F. — Pvt., Army Reserve Hospital. 
 Seitz, Francis A. — Pvt., 166th Depot Brigade. 
 Seitz, Milton H.— Sgt., 34th Co., C. O. T. S. 
 Seitz, Raymond H. — Corp., Co. H, 135th Infantry. 
 Sekuterski, Anthony — Pvt., Co. L, 305th. Injured, 
 
 September 6, 1918. 
 Selbert, Henry J.— 2d Sgt., 302d Aux. Remount Sta. 
 Seligman, Edward B.— Pvt., Co. A, S.A.T.C. (Cornell.) 
 Seligmann, William J. — Corp., Co. C, 37th Engineers. 
 Sell, Charles J.— Cook, 308th Machine Gun Battery. 
 Selle, Alexander T.— Pvt., Co. B, 339th Tank Corps. 
 Selleck, Laurence — 1st Lieut., 24th Aero Squadron. 
 Sellers, Charles J. — Pvt., Sup. Dep., Camp Wadsworth. 
 Selter, John A.— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry. 
 Semfield, Henry— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry. WA. 
 
 October 21, 1918, France. 
 Sempert, Frederick F. — Pvt. Wounded severely. 
 Sendker, Raymond W.— Sgt., Co. A, S. A. T. C. 
 Sengbusch, Herbert W\ — Sgt., Headquarters, 328th. 
 Sennett, B. W.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. ( Canisius. i 
 Senno, August — Pvt., Base Hospital 216. 
 Servoss, Donald D.— Corp., 304th Battalion Tank Cps. 
 Servoss, Robert M. — Pvt., Headquarters, Machine Gun 
 
 Transport Corps. 
 Serach, William A. — Pvt., Construction 12. 
 Sergei, Courtland L.— Pvt., Battery E, 334th Field 
 
 Artillery, National Army. 
 Serino, James — Pvt., Battery E, 59th Regular F. A. 
 Serio, Peter— Corp., 382d Tank Corps. 
 Serlanda, Caci— Pvt., 312th Infantry. 
 Sernofifsky, David— 1st class Pvt., Co. C, 312d Field 
 
 Signal Battalion. 
 Serocki, Stephen— Pvt. WA. 
 Service, William P; — Electrician, U. S. Electrical Class 
 
 Co., Hampton Roads. 
 Setel, Edward — Pvt., Co. D, 3d Provincial Regiment. 
 Setel, Isador— Pvt., Battery E, 11th Field Artillery. 
 Setter, Cornelius— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Severino, Amil — Pvt., Headquarters, 307th Infantry. 
 
 WA September 11, 1918. 
 Sexton, Floyd A.— Corp. WA May 14, 1918. 
 Seymour, Alfred S.— Pvt., Co. D, 308th M. G. Bn. W 
 
 St. Juvin, France. 
 Seymour, Norman J.— Pvt., Co. G, 309th. 
 Sezavinski, Raymond — Pvt. WA October 4, 1918. 
 Shabo, John— Pvt., Co. C, 320th Machine Gun Bat. 
 Shackleton, Horace E.— Sgt., S. A. T. C, (Cornell). 
 Shackman, Harold D.— Pvt. 
 Shackman, M. J. — Pvt., Engineers. 
 Shaefer, John— Pvt., Co. H, 74th. 
 Shaffer, Charles F. — Saddler, 23d Engineers, Wagon 5. 
 Shaffer, Howard L.— Pvt., Co. D, 102d Engineers. WA. 
 
 September 29, 1918. 
 Shalloe, Thomas — Corp., Headquarters, 3d. 
 Shammon, James J. — Pvt., Co. C, 14th Army Trans- 
 portation. G April 18th. 
 
 Shammon, Thomas E. — Pvt., M. P. Detachment. 
 
 Shamon, Chauncey. 
 
 Shamrock, Roland E. — Pvt. Wounded. 
 
 Shanahan, Frank E.— Corp., Co. E, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Shanahan, William B.— Pvt., Co. F, 319th Engineers. 
 
 Shanahan, John J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Shaner, John J. — 302d, Co. L, Quartermaster Corps, 
 
 Camp Merritt. 
 Shanley, Edward F. — Pvt., Air Service. 
 Shannon, Joseph — Pvt., 345th Infantry. 
 Shannon, Martin V. — Pvt., 305th Ambulance. 
 Shapero, Philip— 397th Casual Co. 
 Shapiro, Joseph — Pvt., Columbus Barracks. 
 Shapiro, Nathan — Pvt., Medical Co., 348th Infantry. 
 Sharp, Ernest J.— Pvt., 26th Battery, 7th. 
 Sharp, Edward A. — Major, Medical Co., Neurologist. 
 Sharp, Edward A. — Capt., Base Hospital 65. Doctor. 
 Sharp, Howard W.— Pvt., Co. I, 311th Infantry, 78th 
 
 Division Warfare Service, November 8th. 
 Sharp, Herbert M.— Sgt., X-Ray Department, U. S. 
 
 Hospital, Ft. Niagara. 
 Sharp, Marshall F. — Major, Quartermaster Corps, 42d 
 
 Division. 
 Sharp, Roy J.— Pvt., Co. A, 309th. 
 Sharpe, Arthur T. — Aviation and Wireless. 
 Sharpe, Wm. H. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Shaw, Charles D.— Capt., Battery C, 108th Artillery. 
 Shaw, E. H.— Pvt., 302d Supply Train. 
 Shaw, Horace W. — Lieut., 210th Engineers. 
 Shaw, J. Leonard — Lieut., B. H. 157. 
 Shaw, Reginald G.— Pvt., 41st Co., Central Officers' 
 
 Training School. 
 Shaw, Robert C— Pvt., Battery D, 307th F. A. 
 Shaw, William J.— Sgt., Co. D, 307th Infantry. WG. 
 
 September, 1918. 
 Shay, John F.— Pvt., 107th Ordnance Depot. 
 Shay, Roy R.— Pvt., Co. B, 48th Battalion. 
 Shea, Edward — Sgt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Shea, James S.^Corp., 302d Baking Co. 
 Shea, William V. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Shear, Norman W. — Pvt., Co. G, 5th Regiment. 
 Shea, Walter G.— Corp., Co. M, 307th Infantry. 
 Shearer, Harold J. — Corp., Base Hospital 19. 
 Shearer, M. E. — Major. 
 
 Cited. 
 
 Shedrick, Herbert B.— Sgt., Co. B, 40th Engineers. 
 Sheehan, Charles A. — Pvt., Motor Trans. Service 423. 
 Sheehan, Edw.— Pvt., Battery D, 78th Field Artillery. 
 Sheehan, Jeremiah J.— Pvt., Co. A, 309th Infantry. 
 Sheehan, Jeremiah— Pvt., Battery E, 335th F. A. 
 Sheehan, Michael E.— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry. 
 Sheehan, Raymond J. — Pvt. WA. 
 Sheehan, Timothy— Pvt., Co. A, 304th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. 
 Sheehan, John J. — Pvt., Ordnance Repair Shop 1. 
 Sheehan, William F. — Pvt., Chemical Warfare Service. 
 Sheehan, Wm. F.— Pvt., Battery A, 342d Field Artillery. 
 Sheehan, Wm. M. — Madison Barracks. 
 Sheehan, William T. — Co. Headquarters, 131st Inf. 
 Sheehy, Thomas— Sgt., 11th Co., 4th Regiment. 
 Sheehy, Edw. J. — Pvt., Co. L, 147th Engineers. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 593 
 
 Shelberg, Howard F.— Pvt., 789th Motor Trans. Corps. 
 Sheldon, Burton K. — Lieut. 
 
 Shelgren, Olaf W. — Pvt., 75th Co., Syracuse Recruit C. 
 Shelford, WilHam T.— Pvt., Medical Corps. 
 Shellon, Willis J.— Pvt., 68th Aero Squadron. 
 Shepard, Henry W. — Sgt., 447th Res. Labor Battalion. 
 Shepard, Frank R.— Pvt., Co. C, U. S. Guard. 
 Shepard, Harrison 0.— Pvt., Co. B, S. A. T C. 
 Shepard, Irving A. — Corp., Co. I, 303d Engineers. WG. 
 
 July, 1918. 
 Sheppard, Alvin — Pvt., Co. E, 61st Infantry. 
 Sheppard, Donald C— Lieut., 328th Field Artillery. 
 Sheppard, William J. — Pvt., Motor Supply Train Unit 
 
 310. 
 Sheppard, Alvin — Pvt., Co. E, 61st Infantry. 
 Sherbriak, Frank— Pvt., Co. B, U. S. Guard. 
 Sheridan, Philip L.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 147th Inf. 
 Sherlock, Harrington C— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 Sherlock, Robert J.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 Sherman, John F. — Pvt., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 Sherman, James W. — Pvt. WA. 
 Shero, Charles — Pvt. 
 Shero, Herbert W.— Pvt., Co. A, 319th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. WA. 
 Sheppard, Alvin — Pvt., Co. E, 61st Infantry. 
 Sherwood, Carlton M. — Pvt., Headquarters Troop, 
 
 78th Division. 
 Shields, Nelson N. — 152d Depot Brigade. 
 Shields, William F.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 348th. 
 Shill, Edmund S. — Sgt., Royal Canadian Engineers. 
 Shipman, Harold L.— P\'t. WA. 
 
 Awarded French Croix de Guerre with gilt star for extraordinary 
 courage. 
 
 Shipman, James W. — Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Shoemaker, Henry W. — Sgt., Co. A, Officers' Training 
 Camp. 
 
 Shone, Walter G.— Corp, Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Shonts, Howard D. — Pvt., Air Service. 
 
 Shoop, Harry L. — Pvt., Medical Detachment. 
 
 Shopa, Frank— Pvt., Co. G, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Short, James E. — Lieut., Medical Corp. 
 
 Short, Warren L.— Corp., Co. B, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Shotmiller, Leo J. — Sgt. -Major, Detachment Head- 
 quarters, 78th Division. 
 
 Shourds, O. A. — Electrician, Battery 2, Coast Artillery. 
 
 Shrader, George C. — Pvt., 312d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Shrader, Thomas U.— Pvt., Co. C, 13th Battalion. 
 
 Shrimpton, Merrill W. — Corp., Co. L, 59th Pioneer Inf. 
 
 Shrive, Leroy — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Shufer, Arthur F.— Corp., Headquarters Co., 328th Inf. 
 
 Shuley, Hugh H. — Lieut., Sanitary Co., Medical supply 
 Depot. 
 
 Shuman, David— Pvt., Battery D, 334th F. A. 
 
 Shunke, Francis C— Pvt. WA October 14, 1918. 
 
 Sibbick, Albert J.— Pvt., Co. H, 102d Infantry. 
 
 Sibbick, Albert J.— Pvt., Co. A, 102d Infantry. 
 
 Sibbick, Fred G.— Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Sichtenthal, Mathew A. — Pvt., Co. C, 59th Pioneers. . 
 
 Sieber, Charles W.— Pvt. 
 
 Sieber, John G.— Corp., Co. H, 7th Infantry. WG. 
 August 10, 1918, October 14, 1918. 
 
 Siebert, Henry J.— Pvt., 316th Salvage Unit. W. 
 October, 1918. 
 
 Siebrecht, Albert— Pvt., Co. H, 326th Infantry. WG. 
 October 17, 1918. 
 
 Sieffer, Jacob— Pvt., Battery E, 334th Field Artillery. 
 
 Sieffert, John G. — Sgt., Headquarters Co., Tank Serv- 
 ice. WG October 26, 1918. 
 
 Siegel, Frank L.— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Siegel, William A.— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Siegrist, Clarence — Corp., Co. F, 61st Infantry. WG. 
 
 Siegrist, Earl A. — Lieut., Canadian Expeditionary 
 Forces. WA July, 1916, Somme. 
 
 Siegrist, Norman B. — Bandmaster, Pekin, China. 
 
 Siejak, Stanley P.— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Ammunition Tr. 
 
 Siejakowski, Casimer — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 18th R. 
 
 Sienko, Anthony — Co. D, 312d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Sieracki, Bernard V.— Sgt., Co. H, 325th Infantry. 
 
 Sieracki, Joseph — Pvt., Co. G, Ordnance Department. 
 
 Siffling, Philip G.— Pvt., Co. C, 312th Ammunition Tr. 
 
 Signorine, Frank — Pvt., 40th Co., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Sikora, Joseph — Wagoner. WA. 
 
 Sikorski, Chester— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Sikorski, Henry— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Sikorski, Kazimierz A. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. K, 306th 
 Infantry. WG October 15, 1918. 
 
 Silberberg. Emanuel— Pvt., 307th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Silbert, Joseph — Lieut. 
 
 Silbert, Samuel B. — Lieut., Air Service. 
 
 Silberberg, Emanuel — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Silka, John— Pvt. 
 
 Sillaway, Charles— Pvt., Co. B, S. C. Signal Corps. 
 
 Siller, Charles— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Silverberg, Joseph A. — Wagoner, Co. C, 302d ammu- 
 nition Train. 
 
 Silverberg, Henry — Signal Corps. 
 
 Silverberg, William J. — Mechanic, 49th Co., Infantry 
 (Unassigned.) 
 
 Silverstein, Daniel — Pvt., Co. A, 106th Supply Train. 
 
 Silverthorne, Frederick W. — Pvt., 51st Training Batt'y- 
 
 Simcoe, Stephen — Sgt., Co. I, 75th Infantry. 
 
 Simmen, Charles — Pvt., 312th Trench Motor Battery. 
 
 Simmen, Hermann F. — Corp., Co. E, 325th Infantry. 
 WA September, 1918. 
 
 Simmermacher, Geo. A.— Sgt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Simmons, Charles E. — Pvt., 63d Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Simmons, Collier — Pvt., 63d Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Simmon, Herman F. — Corp. WA. 
 
 Simmons, Frederick E. — Sgt., 342d Field Remount 
 Squadron. 
 
 Simon, Frank F.— Corp., Co. B, 333d BattaHon. 
 
 Simon, Fred 0.— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Simon, John George — Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Simoncelli, Valentine — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Simoneit, Henry A. — Sgt., Co. C, 55th Pioneers. 
 
 Simons, John — Pvt., Machine Gun Troop, 12th Cav. 
 
 Simons, H. H. — Capt., Aviation Service. 
 
 Simonson, Bernard — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 57th F. A. 
 
 Sims, Leonard D.— Sgt., Co. A, 345th Batt'n Tank Crp. 
 
 Sinclair, John Thomas — Pvt., 378th Motor Trans. Crp. 
 
 Sinda, Stanley— Pvt., Co. B, 14th Battalion U. S. Grd. 
 
 Sindola, Carlo— Pvt., Co. A, 348th Infantry. 
 
594 
 
 BUFFALO'S PAET IN THE WORLD WAR 
 
 Sindzmski, Nicholas A. — Fireman, 343d Fire Guards. 
 
 Sindzinski, Stephen — Pvt., Co. H, 59th Pioneer Inf. 
 
 Singleton, George — Pvt., Co. F, 63d Pioneers. 
 
 Sinicki, Julian— Pvt., Co. L, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Sinicki, Walter — Pvt., 65th Infantry. 
 
 Sippel, Edward A.— Pvt., Co. A, 306th Infantry. WA. 
 August 22, 1918. 
 
 Sipper, John G.— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Sirotte, Maurice H.— Sgt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Sisler, Clyde J. — Mechanic. WA. 
 
 Sisson, Earl L. — Sgt., Field Signal Corps. 
 
 Sisson, Elmer St. John— Sgt., Co. B, 303d Military Pol. 
 
 Sisti, John R. — Candidate, 33d Central Officers' Train- 
 ing School. 
 
 Sitterle, Charles— Pvt., Co. H, 161st Infantry. 
 
 Siwinski, Joseph— Bugler, Co. G, 326th Infantry. WA. 
 January 27, 1917. 
 
 Sizeland, Clarence M.— Sgt., Co. K, 52d Pioneer Inf. 
 
 Sjoden, Gerhard W. — Quartermaster. 
 
 Skahen, John J. — Pvt., 807th Stevedores. 
 
 Skalski, Joseph— Pvt., 139th Field Artillery. 
 
 Skarin, Balder A. — Pvt., 5th Co., 5th Replacement Inf. 
 
 Skarupinski, Stenstane — Pvt., Co. F, 51st. WA May, 
 1918. 
 
 Skatbania, Frank— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Skinner, James E. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 2d Army. 
 
 Skimer, John H.— Pvt., Battery C, 835th Field Artillery. 
 
 Sklepik, Max — Cook, 1st Cavalry. 
 
 Skoczylas, Frank— Pvt., Co. F, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Skoczalas, Thaddeus — Pvt., 42d Signal Corps. 
 
 Skokowski, Frank — Pvt., Gas Service. 
 
 Skomeczna, Stanley B. — Sgt., 7th Infantry. 
 
 SkowTon, Paul A.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 346th Inf. 
 
 SkowTon, Theodore — Pvt., 26th Co., Colored Barracks. 
 
 SkowTanski, Victor — Corp., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 
 SkowTonski, Walter J.— Pvt., Battery B, 9th F. A. 
 
 Skrypezak, Wm. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Skummer, Frank— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Skwieralski, Anthony— Pvt., Battery B, 309th F. A. 
 
 Skwieralski, Vincent — Sgt., 20th Co., 157th Depot Brig. 
 
 Slaczak, Stanley L.— Corp., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Slager, John— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Slater, Raymond J. — Lieut., Ordnance Dept. 
 
 Slater, Thomas H. — Pvt., Army Transport Service. 
 
 Slattery, Francis M. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 118 Eng. 
 
 Slattery, James E. — Bugler, Battery B, 61st F. A. 
 
 Slattery, Joseph Wm.— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Slattery, Joseph P.— Pvt., 2d Co., 302d Motor Trans. 
 
 Slaurak, John— Pvt., 512th Co., 423d M. C. T. 
 
 Slawiak, Anthony — Pvt., Co. I, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Slawanski, Alexander— Pvt., 11th Co., 165th Depot B. 
 
 Slayton, Richard P.— Pvt., Co. E, 407th Field Signal B. 
 
 Slepo^Tonski, Wm. — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Slerierson, George F.— Pvt., Battery F, 334th F. A. 
 
 Slezak, Henry Y.— Wagoner, Co. C, 102d Am. Train. 
 
 Slick, Samuel — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 54th Regiment. 
 
 Sloan, Edw. J. — Sgt., Co. R, Aberdeen Proving Ground. 
 
 Sloebedman, William — Pvt., 5th San. Train. 
 
 Slohn, Allie E.— Sgt., Co. B, 319th Field Signal Bat. 
 
 Slomczewski — Corp., Radio Detachment. 
 
 Slomczewski, Boleslaus — Corp., Polish Army. 
 
 Slomczewska, Teddy — Pvt., Polish Army. 
 
 Slotman, Chester L. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Slotman, Walter H. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 18th Inf. 
 WA May 4, 1918. 
 
 Slowik, Joseph— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Slowik, John— Pvt., Battery D, 35th Field Artillery. 
 
 Slowik, Stanley— Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Slozak, Joseph — Pvt., 8th Co., 2d Receiving Battalion. 
 
 Smades, Harry H.— Sgt., Co. A, 345th Battalion Tank 
 Corps. 
 
 Smades, Harvey H. — Sgt., Tank Corps. 
 
 Small, Henry— Pvt., Co. M, 31st. 
 
 Smallenberg, Mason C— Pvt., Co. F, 304th Am. Train. 
 
 Smario, Ralph— Pvt., 4th Co., 1st Battle M. T. 
 
 Snelli, James A. — Cook, Co. L, 58th Pioneers. 
 
 Smelts, Joseph E.— Sgt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Smikiel, John— Pvt. WA August 23, 1918. 
 
 Smith, Allan — Sapper, Co. D, Canadian Engineers. 
 
 Smith, Allah H.— Pvt., Co. A, 106th Infantry. 
 
 Smith, A. J., Dr. — Lieut., Base Hospital. 
 
 Smith, Archie H.— Pvt., Co. C, 318th Engineers. 
 
 Smith, Carl H. — Hospital School. 
 
 Smith, Charles— Pvt., 32d Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Smith, Charles E.— Pvt., Co. L, Motor Truck. 
 
 Smith, Charles E.— Pvt., 24th Trench Motor Battery. 
 
 Smith, Chas. G.— Pvt. 
 
 Smith, Charles J.— Pvt., 17th Co., 157th Depot Brig. 
 
 Smith, Chester H.— Pvt., Co. G, 5th Infantry. 
 
 Smith, Clarence— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Smith, Clifford P.— Sgt., 62d Corps, 13th Grand Div. 
 Transport Corps. 
 
 Smith, Cyril- Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Smith, Denver B. — Chauffeur, 400th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Smith, Donald C— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Smith, Edward— Corp., Co. G, 306th Infantry. Pris- 
 oner in Germany. 
 
 Smith, Edward E.— Pvt., Co. M, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Smith, Edward J.— Pvt., 348th Infantry. 
 
 Smith, Elmer C— Pvt., Co. D, 311th InfantrJ^ WA. 
 September 23, 1918. 
 
 Smith, Elmer E.— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Smith, Eugene G.— Pvt., 303d Engineer Train. 
 
 Smith, Frank W.— Pvt., Co. B, 324th Infantry. Pris- 
 oner, Germany. 
 
 Smith, Frank Wm. E. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., Unas. 
 
 Smith, Franklin E. — Pvt., Squadron 5, Aviation. WA. 
 September 3, 1918. 
 
 Smith, Frederick W\— Pvt., Co. E, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Smith, George E.— Pvt., Battery C, 104th F. A. 
 
 Smith, George E.— Pvt., Co. D, Welding School. 
 
 Smith, George H. — Sgt., 2d Aviation Mechanics Re^. 
 
 Smith, George T.— Pvt., Co. C, 15th Machine Gun Bn. 
 
 Smith, Gilbert — Pvt., Co. F, First Army Replacement 
 Depot. 
 
 Smith, Gordon F.— Sgt. 
 
 Smith, Gust C— Pvt., Co. A, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Smith, Hanley M.— Pvt., Battery F, 36th F. A. 
 
 Smith, Harmon J. — Central Officers' Training School. 
 
 Smith, Harold L.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Smith, Harold — Sapper, Co. D, Canadian Engineers. 
 
 Smith, Harold A.— Sgt., 12th Co., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 595 
 
 Smith, Harold N.— Pvt., Co. H, 118th Engineers. 
 
 Smith, Harry— Pvt., Co. F, 329th Infantry. 
 
 Smith, Harry~Pvt., Co. A, 62d Engineers. 
 
 Smith, Harry J. — Pvt., 4th Co., Overseas Convalescent 
 
 Detachment. 
 Smith, Harold L.— Pvt. WA. 
 Smith, Henry L. — Cook. 
 Smith, Herbert— Pvt., Co. B, U. S. Guard. 
 Smith, Hiram G.— Pvt., Co. C, 64th Infantry. 
 Smith, Howard G. E.— Officer Candidate, F. A. O. T. S., 
 
 Camp Zachary Taylor. 
 Smith, Irving P. — 74th Squadron. 
 Smith, James Edward — Pvt., Co. K, 307th Infantry. 
 Smith, James L. — Corp., Quartermaster Supply. 
 Smith, James M. — Corp., Headq'rs Troop, 79th Div. 
 Smith, James P. — Cook, 19th Engineers. 
 Smith, James W.— Pvt., Co. D, 339th Machine Gun Bn. 
 Smith, James W. — Medical Corps. 
 Smith, John — Wagoner, Supply Co., 306th Infantry. 
 Smith, John— Pvt., 406th Co., Motor Transport. 
 Smith, John Andrew — Corp., Machine Gun Co., 309th 
 
 Infantry. 
 Smith, John H.— Pvt. 
 
 Smith, John J. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Smith, John Martin — Pvt., Co. C, Engineers. 
 Smith, John P. — Pvt., Chemical Warfare Service. 
 Smith, John William— Pvt. 
 Smith, Joseph — Base Hospital 98. 
 Smith, Joseph C. — Mechanic, Co. B, Tank Corps. 
 Smith, Joseph P.— Sgt. Major, C. E. F. 
 Smith, Lawrence L. — Pvt., Sec. B, U. S. Ambulance S. 
 Smith, Leo G. — 
 
 Smith, Leo V.— Sgt., Can. Army. WA 1916 and 1917. 
 Smith, Leslie E. — Corp., 675th Aero Squadron. 
 Smith, Martin— Sgt. WA. 
 Smith, Maurice L.— Pvt., Co. E, 45th Infantry. 
 Smith, Nelvin E.— Pvt., Battery A, 7th Field Artillery. 
 Smith, Newton D. — Candidate, Central Officers' 
 
 Training School. 
 Smith, Nicholas — Pvt., Co. G, 303d Ammunition Train. 
 Smith, Nicholas J.— Pvt., Co. E, 303d Ammunition Tr. 
 Smith, Paul M.— Pvt., Co. F, 319th Engineers. 
 Smith, Raymond C— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Am. Train. 
 Smith, Robert Frank— Corp., Co. H, 7th Infantry. 
 
 WA May 5, 1918, July 20, 1918. 
 Smith, Selby G.— Pvt., Ordnance Dept. 
 Smith, Sigmund— Sgt. WA. 
 Smith, Sutherland W.— Lieut., Co. G, 309th Infantry. 
 
 WG October, 1918. 
 Smith, Theodore A.— Pvt., Co. B, 335th Field Artillery. 
 Smith, Thomas J. — Sapper, Canadian Engineers. 
 Smith, Walter J.— Pvt., 374th M. T. D. Reserve. 
 Smith, Walter H.— 2d Lieut., 413th Field Signal Battn. 
 Smith, Walter S.— Lieut., Co. G, 309th Infantry. WG. 
 
 October, 1918. 
 Smith, William E.— Pvt., Co. D. L. R., 12th Engineers. 
 Smith, William F.— Sgt. WA. 
 Smith, William H.— Pvt., Co. E, 147th Infantry. 
 Smith, William H.— Pvt. WA. 
 Smith, Wm. J., Dr. — Lieut., Base Hospital. Camp 
 
 McClellan. 
 
 Smith, William J.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 162d Inf. 
 
 Smith, W. J. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Smith, William N.— Pvt., Co. H, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Smith, William S.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. WG. 
 August, 1918. 
 
 Smith, Windsor — Lieut., Machine Gun Battalion. WA. 
 October 15, 1918. 
 
 Smithmeyer, John J. — Corp. 
 
 Smyczynski, Harry E. — Pvt., 1st Infantry. 
 
 Smyczynski, Stephen E. — Pvt., Mobile Hospital Unit 
 100. 
 
 Smyth, Arthur C. — Lieut., 165th Depot Brigade. 
 
 Smyth, Edward— Corp. WA. 
 
 Smyth, Robert M.— Pvt., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Smyth, Raymond C. — Pvt., 303d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Snell, Burton M.— Pvt., 336th Ambulance. 
 
 Snell, Roscoe — Pvt., Co. A, 8th Canadian Reserve. 
 WA June, 1918. 
 
 Sniegowski, Michael — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 348th I. 
 
 Snagura, Stanley— Pvt., Battery A, 320th F. A. 
 
 Snapko, John— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry. WA. 
 October, 1918. 
 
 Snusz, Bernard G.— Pvt., 170th Co., 14th Regiment. 
 
 Snusz, Joseph L. — Pvt., 328th Infantry. 
 
 Snuszka, John F.— Pvt., 347th Infantry. 
 
 Snyder, Alfred— Pvt., Battery C, 331st Tank Corps. 
 
 Snyder, August J.— Pvt., Co. F, 306th Infantry. WG. 
 
 August 26, 1918. 
 Snyder, Bernard C. — Sgt., 5th Co., Air Service Sig. Crp. 
 Snyder, Elmer W. — Pvt., 10th Co., Personnel Colum- 
 bus Barracks. 
 Snyder, Fred P.— Pvt., Co. A, 347th Infantry. 
 Snyder, Louis — Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry. Prisoner, 
 
 Germany. 
 Snyder, Oscar — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Sobcki, Stanley — Pvt., Co. I, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 Sobczak, Baltazer— Pvt., Co. B, 345th Infantry. WA. 
 
 October 17, 1918. 
 Sobczak, Kaziminz — Mechanic, Co. C, 306th Infantry. 
 Sobiecki, Max — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 346th Inf. 
 Sobisch, Charles — Pvt. 
 
 Sobilo, Ludwig— Pvt. WA October 21, 1918. 
 Sobkowiak, Frank A. — Pvt., Co. I, 59th Pioneer Inf. 
 Sobkowiak, John Jr.— Pvt., Co. D, 315th Infantry. 
 Sobon, John— Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry. 
 Solhnlein, Charles— Pvt., Co. B, 345th Infantry. 
 Sojka, John — Pvt. 
 
 Sokolowski, Florian L.— Pvt., Co. F, 2d P. R. 
 Soldwedel, Edward G. — Pvt., Co. 3, Quartermaster 
 
 Corps. 
 Soldwedel, Frederick C— Pvt., 293d Co., Aero Squadn. 
 Solecki, Anthony— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 Solkowiak, Joseph A. — Pvt., Battery B, 9th. 
 Sommerfelt, Michael W.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. 
 Sommersdorf, Otto F.— Pvt., Co. F, 312th Am. Train. 
 Sonnenberg, John — Corp., Co. I, 61st Infantry. 
 Sonnenberg, Leo — Pvt., Battery E, 2d First Army Re- 
 placement Depot. 
 Soponski, Joseph — Co. D, 60th Infantry. 
 Sorg, Daniel R.— Pvt., Battery E, 8th Field Artillery. 
 WA September 8, 1918. 
 
596 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Sornborger, Edwin L. — Pvt., A\aation Corps. 
 
 Sorrentino, James — Sgt., Co. A, 70th Engineers. 
 
 Sosnowski, John— Co. G, 339th Inf. WA May 1, 1918. 
 
 SouHe, Charles A.— Pvt., 20th Co., 152d Depot Biig. 
 
 Souter, John— Pvt., F. A. B. F. C. 
 
 Southworth, Chester W.— Wagoner, Co. B, 302d Am- 
 munition Train. 
 
 Sovis, John— Pvt. WA October, 1918. 
 
 Sowersby, Harry T. — Pvt., Co. G, 56th Engineers. 
 
 Spachmann, E. A. — Sgt., Order School, Order Dept. 
 
 Spahn, Joseph J. — Pvt., Co. C, 803d Ammunition Tr. 
 
 Spang, Allen A. — Sgt. Major, Headquarters Co., Repl. 
 
 Spang, Theodore C— Pvt., Co. B, 8th Separate Bat. 
 
 Spangler, Wellington A.— Sgt., Co. D, 309th Infantry. 
 WA October 1, 1918. 
 
 Sparacino, Jos.^Pvt., 478th Co., Motor Train. 
 
 Sparcino, Russell J. — Pvt., 345th Machine Gun Co. 
 
 Spaulding, Chas. M.— Sgt., 6th Co., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Spaulding, Gordon 0. — Lieut., Signal Service. 
 
 Spaulding, Mark C— Sgt., Co. D, 306th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. 
 
 Spaeth, Edmund B., Dr. — Lieut. 
 
 Spawton, Fred W. — Pvt., 785th Co., Motor Transport 
 Corps. 
 
 Speck, Raymond J. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 341st Inf. 
 
 Speich, Geo. F.— Corp., Co. K, 307th Infantry. WA. 
 September, 1918. 
 
 Speidel, Carl J.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Spann, John S.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Spearing, Lloyd W. — Pvt., Battery C, Heavy F. A. 
 
 Spears, John H.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Speed, James — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Speekt, George J.- — Cook, Headquarters Co., Central 
 Officers' Training School. 
 
 Speeht, Peter J. — Cook, Camp Dix. 
 
 Speicher, Chas. J. — 2d Lieut., 351st Field Artillery. 
 
 Speich, George F.— Corp., Co. K, 307th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Speidel, Carl J.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. WA 
 November, 8, 1918, Argonne. 
 
 Speidel, William— 1st. Lieut., Co. Adj., 12th Bat., U. 
 S. G., U. S. A. 
 
 Spellman, Alois— Pvt., 39th Eng. WA Oct. 25, 1918. 
 
 Spelman, Ralph — Pvt., Co. K, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Spelman, Robert H. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Spencer, Arthur A.— Pvt., 145th Co., 14th. 
 
 Spencer, E. H.— Sgt., 178th Co., 14th. 
 
 Spencer, Harold M.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. WA. 
 
 Spencer, Warner E.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th B. G. Battal- 
 ion. WG September 30, 1918. 
 
 Sperber, Otto — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 306th Infantry. 
 
 Sperry, Frederick E. — Lieut., Casual Medical R. C. 
 
 Speicher, Charles J. — Lieut., 351st Field Artillery. 
 
 Spiegelthal, George J.— Pvt., Co. C, 304th Engineers. 
 
 Spies, John H.— Sgt., Co. D, 12th Infantry. 
 
 Spiess, Arthur — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 7th Infantry. 
 WA October 21, 1918. 
 
 Spiess, Norman C— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Field Signal Bat- 
 talion. WG September 13, 1918. 
 
 Spiewak, Joseph J. — Pvt., 363d Co., Bakery. 
 
 Spiller, Earl A. 
 
 Spiller, Harold A.— Pvt. 
 
 Spinner, Charles M.— Pvt., Co. F, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Spitzig, Frank — Corp., Co. C, 102d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Splath, Stephen— Co. E, 7th Infantry. 
 
 Splaski, John— Pvt., 346th Machine Gun Co. 
 
 Spoittgerber, Paul — Pvt. 
 
 Sposito, Domenico — Pvt., Co. A, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Sposito, Giuseppe — Pvt., Co. C, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Spoth, Ezra G. — Machine Gun Transport Corps, 30th 
 
 Co., 3d Group. 
 Sprader, John F.— Pvt., Co. D, 309th Infantry. 
 Sprague, Guy F. — Mechanic, Battery C, Uth F. A. 
 Sprague, John S. — Sgt., Ordnance Department. 
 Sprague, Thomas— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. WA. 
 Sprenger, Andrew H.— Pvt., 72d Co., 153d Depot Brig. 
 Spring, Aloysius Z. — Cook, Base Hospital. 
 Spring, Lloyd E.— Pvt., Battery F, 13th Field Artillery. 
 Springer, William Paul — Pvt. WA. 
 Sprissler, Fred — Sgt., Headquarters, 309th Infantry. 
 Spychalski, Wlad — Pvt. Prisoner, Germany. 
 Squire, D. H., Jr. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Srake, John— Pvt., Co. G, 59th Pioneer Infantry. WA 
 
 September 14, 1918. 
 Srarmack, Anthony— Pvt., Battery D, 309th Field 
 
 Artillery. WA October 27, 1918. 
 Sredrinski, Stanislaus — U. S. Rifle Range. 
 Sroka, Stanley— Pvt. 
 
 Sroka, William — Mechanic, Machine Gun Co., 60th Inf. 
 Sroka, Adam — Pvt., 120th Transport Corps. 
 Sroka, John— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Sroka, William, Jr. — Corp., 404th Motor Transport. 
 Srzeskowiak, Adam J. — Pvt., Co. C, 2d Battalion. 
 Stach, Arthur O.— Pvt., Co. A, 306th Infantry. WA. 
 
 October 3, 1918. 
 Stachcwicz, Joe — Pvt., 17th Co., Infantry. 
 Stachewicz, Casimis J. — Pvt., 74th Co., 6th. WA. 
 
 June 11, 1918. 
 Stachevicz, Anthony— Pvt., Co. F, 328th. WA October 
 
 18,1918. 
 Stachowiak, Louis W. — 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Stachowiak, Feliks — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 Stachowiak, Joseph M. — Pvt. 
 Stachowski, Mathew H. — Corp., Co. B, 30th Infantry. 
 
 WA July 15, 1918. Also Prisoner. 
 Stachowski, Theodore— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry. 
 Stackhouse, Gordon — Pvt., Co. C, 5th Brigade Machine 
 
 Gun Battalion. 
 Stacye, Stillman G.— Pvt., 346th Machine Gun Battn. 
 Stadel, Earl C— Pvt., 8th Co., Replacement Camp. 
 Stadel, Roy F.— Corp., Co. C, S. A. T. C. 
 Staebell, August B. — Pvt., Stevedores. 
 Staebel, Ed. F. — Lieut. WA. 
 Staebell, John J. — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps. 
 Staebell, Edward F.— Pvt., 311th Ambulance Corps, 
 
 78th Division. 
 Staffel, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. D, Headquarters Bat. 
 Staffel, Peter M.— Pvt., Supply Co., 311th Infantry. 
 Staffeld, Elmer J.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 327th. 
 Stafflinger, Chas. N.— Sgt., 312th Engineers. 
 Stafflinger, H. G.— Ist-class Pvt., 428th Motor Trans- 
 port Corps. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 597 
 
 Stafflinger, J. J. — Corp., Headquarters Co., 302d Eng'r. 
 
 Stafford, Fred G.— Capt., 82d Infantry. 
 
 Stafford, James B. — Caisson Driver, American Field 
 Service. WA July 15, 1917. 
 
 Stafford, Charles F.— Pvt., 59th Pioneer Infantry. G. 
 
 Stage, James F. — Wagoner, 23d Engineers. 
 
 Stage, Oscar D.— Pvt., Co. C, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Stahura, Walter— Pvt., Co. M, 147th. 
 
 Stalter, Marcellus E.— Sgt. WA. 
 
 Stanbro, Donald B.— Lieut. Co. E, 27th Infantry. 
 
 Stanfield, R. F.— Sgt., Army Medical Corps. 
 
 Stanfield, Roy F.— Sgt., Chief Signal Office. 
 
 Staniszebski, John — Pvt. 
 
 Stannard, Claude A. — Corp. WA. 
 
 Stanton, Fay H.— Pvt., Battery E, 336th F. A. 
 
 Stanz, Charles— Corp., Co. E, 307th Supply Train. 
 
 Stapell, John G.— Pvt., Co. E, 4th Engineers. WA. 
 October 18, 1918. 
 
 Stapleton, James — Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Stapf, Joseph— Pvt., Co. H, 348th. 
 
 Stapf, Martin— Pvt., Co. A, 308th Infantry. WG. 
 August 23, 1918. 
 
 Stark, Emil J.— Sgt. Major, 346th Labor Battalion. 
 
 Starr, Richard Wm.— Pvt., 35th Balloon Co. 
 
 Statter, Marcellus— Sgt. WA. 
 
 Staubitz, Chester J.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Stasiak, Frank S.— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Stata, Alfred W.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Stauch, Albert P.— Pvt., Co. A, 303d Ammunition Tr. 
 
 Staudacher, Wm. A. — Pvt., 303d Aux. Remount, Quar- 
 termaster Corps. 
 
 Staufenbell, Earl H.— Pvt., WA. 
 
 Staufifer, Arthur— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Stauffer, William J.— Lieut., 49th Battery, Field Artil- 
 lery Central Officers' Training School. 
 
 Stauffiger, Roy Wm.— Co. A, 312th Supply Train. 
 
 Steaddle, John H.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 346th Inf. 
 
 Stearns, G. Reynolds— Lieut., 17th Co., 165th Depot B. 
 
 Stecker, Eugene G. — Corp., 312th Ammunition Train. 
 
 Stedman, Fred R.— Pvt., Co. D, 392d Engineers. 
 
 Stegg, Raymond L. — Pvt., Co. D, 6th Engineers. 
 
 Steege, Edw. C— Bugler, Battery E, 310th F. A. 
 
 Steege, Henry O.— Corp., 4th Co., A. S. A. P. 
 
 Steele, Herman J. — Corp., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Steele, Homer G. — Sgt., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Stefano, Giuseppi D.,— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Stefanski, Alex. — Pvt.. 
 
 Stefanski, Bert J.— Pvt., Co. C, 62d R. T. C. 
 
 Stefanski, Leonard— Pvt., 330th Guard-Fire Co. 
 
 Stefanski, Tony— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Steffen, Alfred A.— Pvt., Battery C, 306th F. A. 
 
 Steffen, George J.— Pvt., Battery B, 2d Field Army 
 Replacement Depot. 
 
 Steffeno, Frank G.— Pvt., Battery D, 321st F. A. 
 
 Steffens, Henry J.— Pvt., Co. B, 336th Machine Gun B. 
 
 Steger, Albert — Pvt., October Automatic Replacement 
 Draft. 
 
 Steger, Michael W. — Corp., Co. M, Depot Brigade. 
 
 Steger, Robert C. — Sgt., Battery A, 7th February Auto- 
 matic Replacement Draft. 
 
 Stegman, Lewis R. — Pvt., 13th Co., Signal Corps. 
 
 Stegman, Henry J. — Corp., Co. L, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Stegmeier, George — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Stegmeier, John F.— Pvt., Co. H., 346th Infantry. 
 
 Stein, Ulysses B. — Capt., Medical Corps. 
 
 Steinwachs, Henry C. — Headquarters Co., 311th Inf. 
 
 Steele, Perter A. — Lieut., Medical Corps. 
 
 Steele, Herman J. — Corp., Corps. 
 
 Steele, Mark — 2d Provincial Training Regiment. 
 
 Stein, John — Pvt., Salvage Detachment. 
 
 Stefaniak, John— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Septembers, 1918. 
 Stefaniak, Vincent F.— Pvt., 15th Co., 153d Depot B. 
 Stegman, Lewis R. — Pvt., 13th Co., Signal Corps. 
 Steiger, Charles J.— Pvt., Co. B, 347th Infantry. 
 Steimle, John F.— Wagoner, Co. C, 38th Coast Artillery 
 
 Corps. 
 Stein, Walter J.— Pvt., Co. K, 59th Pioneers. 
 Stein, Joseph — Pvt., Co. H, 7th Infantry. WA June 
 
 17, 1918. 
 Steinbach, Nicholas J. — Corp., 5th Field Hospital. 
 
 WA July 31, 1918. 
 Steinbach, William N.— Pvt., Co. F, 311th Infantry. 
 Steinwachs, Alphonse J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Stybach, .John M.— Pvt., 27th Co., 153d Depot Brig. 
 Stejbach, Stanley J.— Pvt., Battery E, 105th F. A. 
 Stemler, Albert— Sgt., 309th Infantry. 
 Stemplewski, Bronislaus — Sgt., 377th Co., Bakery. 
 Steller, Conrad G. — Sgt., 55th Pioneer Infantry. 
 Stendard, Jacob— Pvt., Co. M, 348th Infantry. 
 Stendard, Joseph — 1st class Pvt., Co. A, 58th Amm. Tr. 
 Stengel, Jacob A. — Pvt., Cooks' School. 
 Stephan, Frank P.— Pvt., Co. D, 6th Anti-aircraft 
 
 Machine Gun Battalion. 
 Stephan, George F.— Pvt., Battery D, 304th F. A. 
 Stephan, Henry C— Pvt., Co. F, 306th Infantry. 
 Stephen, James D. — Sgt., Chemical Warfare, 4th Battn. 
 Stephen, Walter W.— Pvt., Base Hospital 23. 
 Stephens, Leo — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Stephenson, John G. — Lieut., Motor Transport Corps. 
 Stephenson, Lester — Pvt., Co. F, Ordnance Dept. 
 Stergen, S.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Sterlaccis, Nicola — Pvt., Co. F, 25th Engineers. 
 Sterne, Willard F.— Corp., 37th Engineers. 
 Steubchen, Raymond — Pvt., 319th Infantry. 
 Steudle, Lawrence— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Steuerwald, Albert H.— Pvt., Co. B, 307th Motor 
 
 Transport Corps. 
 Steve, Cyrus F.— Pvt., Co. H, 307th Motor Train Sup. 
 Stevens, Henry A. — Pvt., Co. F, 37th Engineers. 
 Stevens, Leo— Pvt. WA. 
 Stevens, Stanley J.— Pvt., 102d Engineers. WA. 
 
 October, 1918. 
 Stevens, Ward A. — Sgt., Air Service. 
 Stevenson, Alfred B.— Pvt., Co. D, 364th Infantry. 
 Stevenson, Leroy J. — Pvt., 135th Aero Squadron. 
 Stevens, Joseph W.— Pvt., Co. F, 304th Ammunition T. 
 Stevenson, George F.— Pvt., Battery F, 334th F. A. 
 Stevenson, Harold E.— Sgt., 307th Co., 402d. 
 Stevenson, Wm. C— Supply Co., 112th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Argonne. 
 Stewart, Albert E.— Pvt., Battery B, 34th F. A. 
 
598 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Stewart, Arnold E.— Pvt., 307th Infantry. 
 
 Stewart, Chas. W.— Pvt., Co. C, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Stewart, Donald — Army Field Clerk. 
 
 Stewart, Douglas C— Pvt., Co. D, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Stewart, Mabel B. — Nurse, Camp Wadsworth Hospital. 
 
 Stewart, Frank J.— Corp., Battery E, 334th F. A. 
 
 Stewart, Newell C— Pvt., Co. B, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Stewart, Roderick P.— Sgt., Battery B, 13th F. A. 
 
 Stewart, Thomas C— Pvt., 337th Tank Battalion. 
 
 Stief, Fred— Mess Sgt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Stief, Arthur— Pvt., Co. D, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Stief, John C— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Stiegler, Elmer— Pvt., Co. M, 106th Infantry. 
 
 Stieringer, George A. — Sgt., Tank Corp. 
 
 Still, Wayland— Pvt. WA September 30, 1918. 
 
 Stimler, Albert H.— Sgt., Co. H, 309th Infantry.WG. 
 
 October 22, 1918. 
 Stinchcomb, Roy S.— Pvt., Co. G, 325th Infantry. 
 Stober, Frederick— Pvt., Co. M, 1st. 
 Stock, Archie F. — Sgt., Bureau Aircraft Prod'n. 
 Stoeckl, Andrew C— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry. 
 Stokes, WilHam C— Pvt., Co. E, 16th Engineers. WA. 
 
 March. 1918. 
 Stolarek, Leon G.— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. WG. 
 
 October 10, 1918. 
 Stoltz, Edward M.— Corp., 2d Co., Motor Transport. 
 Stone, Arnold J. — Corp., 13th Co., 2d Air Service, 
 
 Mechanics Regiment. 
 Stone, Arthur H.— Pvt., Troop G, 16th Cavalry. 
 Stone, Everett B. — Sgt., Medical Corps, 55th Pioneers. 
 Stone, Francis C. — Pvt. 
 
 Stone, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. M, 345th Infantry. 
 Stone, John— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Stone, John Harold — Bandsman, Canadian Army. 
 Stone, Joseph A. — Sgt., 25th Photo Section. 
 Stone, Joseph E. — Sgt., Co. L, 55th Pioneers. 
 Stone, Lawrence D. — Pvt., Battery A, 14th F. A. 
 Stone, Robert B.— Corp., Co. C, 303d Mis. Train. 
 Stoner, John W.— Pvt. WA. 
 Stoody, Ralph W.— Sgt., 2d Co., Ordnance Dept. 
 Storch, Olin A. — Musician, Headquarters Co., 55th 
 
 Pioneers. 
 Storer, James — Hosp. Sgt., Medical, Base Hospital, 
 
 Camp Dix. 
 Storey, Frank— Corp., 318th Co., Bakery. 
 Stork, Arthur— Pvt. 
 Storms, Earl W.— Pvt. WA. 
 Stormes, Erastus K.— Pvt., Co. B, 2d A. A. C, Machine 
 
 Gun Battalion. 
 Storner, Henry G. — Pvt. Unassigned. 
 Stotz, Albert W.— Pvt, 137th Transport Corps. 
 Storer, James — Pvt., Base Hospital, Camp Dix. 
 Storms, Chelsea L. — Lieut., Base Hospital 23. 
 Stout, Wm.— Capt., Co. A, 107th. 
 Stowe, J. G. — Lieut., Medical. 
 Strabel, Frederick A. — 101st Bakery. 
 Strand, Harold — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Strahl, G. M.— Corp., Headquarters Co., 345th Inf. 
 Strasser, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. A, 27th Battalion U. S. 
 
 Guard. 
 Stratem.eyer, Clarence— Pvt., Co. B, 328th. 
 
 Straub, H. A. — Pvt., Quartermaster. 
 
 Strauss, Charles — Corp., Co. L, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Strauss, Howard E.— Corp., Co. G, 303d Am. Train. 
 
 Strauss, Leon B. — Corp., Co. C, 3d Brigade. 
 
 Strauss, Otto T.— Pvt. Wounded. 
 
 Strauss, Walter — Pvt., Co. A, Transport Corps. 
 
 Strazynski, Albert — Pvt. 
 
 Strebel, Robert J.— 1st Lieut., 308th Machine Gun 
 
 BattaHon. Gassed October 16, 1918. 
 Strebel, Robert L. — Lieut. Wounded. 
 Steck, Ernest— Pvt., Co. F, 66th Tank Corps. 
 Stresing, Irving H.— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry. 
 Strickland, Edward N.— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry. 
 Striewing, Henry C. — Mess Sgt., 22d Battery, Coast 
 
 Artillery. 
 Strodomski, Kazimierz — Pvt., 44th Co., 11th. 
 Stroh, Edward— Pvt., 302d Field Hospital. 
 Stroh, Jacob— Pvt., Co. F, 306th Infantry. WA August 
 
 16th. 
 Strohmeier, Edward A. — Pvt., Co. I, 7th Infantry. 
 Strong, Edwin W. — Pvt. Wounded severely. 
 Strootman, Robert G.— 1st Lieut., Battery B, 107th 
 
 Field Artillery. Gassed August, 1918. 
 Strozewski, Casimir F.— Pvt., Battery F, 34th F. A. 
 Strozzi, Frederick E. — 1st Lieut., Medical Service. 
 Struberg, Arthur— Sgt., 404th R. L. B. 
 Strubing, John — Sgt., Headquarters Det., Mesves 
 
 Hospital, France. 
 Struive, Emil K.— Sgt., Co. F, 325th Infantry. WA. 
 
 October 11, 1918. 
 Struive, John C— Pvt., Supply Co., 306th Infantry. 
 Strunk, Justin R. — Lieut., Co. B, 318th Infantry. 
 Strunk, Louis J. — 1st class Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry. 
 Strusienski, Peter — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 51st Pion. 
 Struzyk, Andrew J.— Pvt., Co. B, 333d Tank Corps. 
 Struzyk, Andy— Pvt., Co. B, 333d Battalion. 
 Strychalski, Anthony L. — Injured. 
 Strzep, Joseph — Pvt., Co. I, Infantry. WA three times. 
 
 July and October, 1918. 
 
 Awarded Medal for Bravery. 
 
 Stuebschen, Raymond — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Stuber, P. C. — Sgt., Headquarters, 14th Battery. 
 
 Stuhlmiller, Curtis— Pvt. 
 
 Stumn, Aaron N. — Corp., Headquarters Co., 12th Rgt. 
 
 Stumn, Adam J. — Corp., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Stumpf, Norman H.— Pvt., 15th Co., S. A. T. C, 
 
 (University of Michigan). 
 Stumpf, Roland B. — 1st class Sgt., 4th Casual Dept. 
 
 S. P. D. B. A. P. 
 Sturm, Frank F. J.— Corp., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 Sturm, Fred J., Jr. — Commissary Dept. 11. 
 Sturm, George W. — Pvt., Medical Detachment 336, 
 
 Field Artillery. 
 Sturm, Louis — Pvt. Wounded. 
 Sturn, Charles F. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 59th 
 
 Pioneers Infantry. 
 Sturn, Frank— 1st class Pvt., Co. B, 347th. 
 Stutz, Joseph H. — Pvt., 81st Transport. 
 Styn, Emil— Cook, Co. F, 309th U. S. Infantry. WA. 
 
 September 22, 1918. 
 Stypa, Joseph E. — Pvt., 3d Co., Coast Artillery Corps. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 599 
 
 Stypa, Sylvester S.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. B, Military 
 
 Police. WA December 1, 1917. 
 Stypcznski, Frank — 306th Ambulance Train. 
 Stypchniski, Leonard — ^Pvt. W. Prisoner. 
 Stypzynski, Leonard — Pvt., Co. A, 306th Infantry. 
 
 WA August 27, 1918. 
 Subke, Arthur— Pvt., 6th Co. 307th Infantry. 
 Sucharski, Leo— Cook, Battery D, 307th Field Artillery. 
 Suchocki, Anthony— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Infantry. 
 Suchodolski, Stanislaus— Pvt., Co. M, 307th Infantry. 
 Suckow, Herbert F.— Corp., Co. F, 307th Infantry. 
 
 WA November 5, 1918. 
 Suchowski, Joseph — Corp., Co. A, 12th Infantry. 
 Suchowski, Stanley — Corp., Co. I, 23d Infantry. WA 
 
 May 7, 1918, June 1, 1918, July 14, 1918. Belleau 
 
 Wood. 
 
 Received Croix de Guerre. 
 
 Sudice, Maciej — Pvt., 28th Coast Artillery Corps. 
 Suess, Alonzo M.— Sgt., Co. B, 305th Tank Corps. 
 Sugiel, Lawrence — 34th Co., 153d Depot Battalion. 
 Sugg, Joseph— Pvt., 347th Co., Medical. 
 Sugg, Nicholas— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry. 
 Suhr, Wm. J.— Sgt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Sulkowski, Joseph — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 Sullivan, Andrew J. — Pvt., Debarkation Hospital 51. 
 Sullivan, Albert J.— 2d Lieut., Co. C, 807th Pioneer Inf. 
 Sullivan, Charles S.— Corp., 4th Co., 2d A. T. Mech.Rg. 
 Sullivan, Cornelius C. — Corp., 307th Machine Gun Bn. 
 Sullivan, Daniel — Ist-class Pvt., Machine Gun, 318th 
 
 Infantry. 
 Sullivan, Dennis — Pvt., 2d Co., 12th Ammunition Tr. 
 Sullivan, Frank— Pvt., Bakery 332. 
 SuUivan, George H.— Pvt., Co. C, 345th Infantry. 
 Sullivan, George J.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 307th Inf. 
 Sullivan, James— Pvt., R. A. S. D., Fort Moultrie 
 
 Unit 1. 
 Sullivan, James F. — Sgt., Co. C, Aero Squadron. 
 Sullivan, James P.— Pvt., Co. F, S. A. T. C. (Massa- 
 chusetts Tech.) 
 Sullivan, John— Pvt., Co. K, 307th Infantry. 
 Sulhvan, John J. — Corp., Co. D, 306th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. Shell shocked, August. 
 Sullivan, Joseph D. — Pvt., 3d Provl., 32d Engineers. 
 Sullivan, J. J.— Pvt., Co. B, 304th Machine Gun Bat. 
 Sullivan, Leo J.— Sgt., Co. H, 306th Infantry. 
 Sullivan, Leo A.— Pvt., Co. C, 336th Battery Tank Cps. 
 Sullivan, Laurence A. — 1st Sgt., 302d Stevedores. 
 Sullivan, Mike— Co. A, 309th Infantry. 
 Sullivan, Norman J.— Pvt., Co. C, 346th Infantry. 
 Sullivan, Patrick C. — Horseshoer, Headquarters Co., 
 
 157th Depot Brigade. 
 Sullivan, Raymond J. — Pvt., Supply Co., 348th Inf. 
 Sullivan, Robert L.— Pvt., Co. L, 90th Infantry. 
 Sullivan, Timothy— Pvt., Co. F, 309th Infantry. WA. 
 Sullivan, Victor J.— Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry. 
 Sullivan, William H.— Pvt., Co. A, 335th Machine Gun. 
 Summers, Clarence W. — Officers' Training School, 1st 
 
 Regiment. 
 Summers, Frank E. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. A, 37th Engin. 
 Summers, Frank E. — Ist-class Pvt., Ordnance Machine 
 
 Gun. 
 
 Suninshare, Mandel — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps, 82d 
 Division. 
 
 Supples, Michael J. — Pvt., Casual Battalion. 
 
 Surtalski, E. D.— Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Surtalski, F. D.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Susenbury, Frank A. — Pvt., Battery F, 5th Regiment. 
 
 Suthoff, Charles A.— Pvt., Battery F, 310th F. A. 
 
 SuthofiF, Carl H.— Pvt., 336th Field Artillery, 87th Div. 
 
 Sutter, Fred A.— Corp., Co. M, 307th Infantry. WA 
 and gassed, October 2, 1918. 
 
 Sutton, Norman G. — Ist-class Pvt., Headquarters Co., 
 60th N. S. Infantry. 
 
 Suwalski, Jan — Pvt. 
 
 Swagler, Joseph H. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 310th 
 Tank Center. 
 
 Swallow, Alfred— Pvt., Co. A, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Swallow, Irving H. — Electrician, Electrical School 1002. 
 
 Swanekamp, Joseph H. — Pvt., 96th Co., 6th Regiment. 
 
 Swannie, John W. — Lieut., Co. D, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Swanz, George M.— Sgt., 9th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Swartzkopf, Frank J. — 307th Labor Battalion, Quar- 
 termaster Corps. 
 
 Sweatman, George E. — Pvt., 9th Battery, Quarter- 
 master Corps. 
 
 Sweeney, Arthur C. — Co. A, 43d Engineers. 
 
 Sweeney, Bernard W. — Sgt. WA. 
 
 Sweeney, Edward F. — Corp., Stevedores. 
 
 Sweeney, Eugene J. — 2d Lieut., Headquarters Co., 37th 
 Field Artillery, Coast Artillery Corps. 
 
 Sweeney, John J. — Pvt., Ordnance Detachment. 
 
 Sweeney, John J. — Petty Officer, Dust. Supply Office. 
 
 Sweeney, Joseph F. — Pvt., Co. H, 147th Infantry. 
 
 Sweeney, Leo A. — Corp., S. A. T. C. (Canisius). 
 
 Sweeney, Richard— Pvt., Co. H, 7th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Sweeney, Richard — Pvt. Wounded. 
 
 Sweeney, Victor V.— Sgt., Co. F, 148th Infantry. WA 
 October 31, 1918. 
 
 Sweet, George C. — Sgt., Base Laboratory 2. 
 
 Sweet, Philip R.— Ist-class Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Sweetland, William E.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Swegles, Edward— Sgt., Co. F, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Swiatalski, Frank D.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Swiatek, Michael — Pvt., Co. C, 54th Engineers. 
 
 Swiatkowski, William— Pvt., 71st Battery, E. 
 
 Swiderski, S.— Pvt. WA September 13, 1918. 
 
 Swierczynski, John — Pvt. 
 
 Swierczyniski, Vincent — Pvt., 31th Co., 153d Depot B. 
 
 Swierski, Adam— Pvt., Co. D, 148th Infantry. WA. 
 October, 1918. 
 
 Swift, Parton — Major, Headquarters Co., 151st F. A. 
 
 Switzgable, Charles A.— Pvt., Battery E, 334th F. A. 
 
 Szafranski, Stanley— Battery F, 343d Field Artillery. 
 
 Swiatek, Michael — Pvt., Co. C, 54th Engineers. 
 
 Swierski, Adam — Pvt. Wounded. 
 
 Swindeman, Wm. C— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Switalski, Frank D.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Switkowski, Joseph — Pvt. Wounded D. U. 
 
 Swobe, L. Stewart — Ist-class Sgt., Headquarter's Band, 
 74th Musician 2d-class, Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Sylres, Orto— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. WA Octo- 
 ber 16, 1918. 
 
600 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Synak, John F.— Corp., Co. E, 309th Infantry. In- 
 jured November 1, 1918. 
 Synak, Martin — Pvt., 1st Co., Quartermasters Corps. 
 Swistak, Michael — Pvt., Co. L, 301st Quartermaster 
 
 Corps. 
 Synkowski, Walter— Pvt., 306th. 
 Synoracki, Barney— Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry. G. 
 
 October 11, 1918. 
 Syreher, Albert B. — 1st class Pvt., Land Div., Ex. Sec. 
 Syrcher, Edward V.— 1st Lieut., Co. I, 74th. WA 1917. 
 Sysiak, Stanislaw— Pvt., Co. F, 325th Infantry. 
 Szafrenski, Joe — Wagoner, Supply Co., 306th Infantry. 
 Szalkiewicz, Casimer— Pvt., Battery F, 310th F A. 
 Szalkiewicz, Frank— Co. L, Infantry. WA July 1, 1918. 
 Szalkowski, Roman — Horseshoer, Quartermaster C'rp, 
 
 Or. M. C. 712th. 
 Szanfranski, Adam — WA. 
 
 Szarmach, Anastazy — Pvt., Battery B, 9th F A. 
 Szarmach, Anthony — Pvt. WA. 
 Szaroletta, John — Supply Officer, 1st Subdivision. 
 Szczepanski, Victor — Pvt. Wounded. 
 Szczejpanski, Victor — Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. 
 
 WA September 28, 1918. 
 Sztylke, Steven J.— Pvt., Co. A, 306th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. Gassed September 15, 1918. 
 Szczypwiski, John — Camp Wheeler, 8th Receiving Co. 
 Szelenziewicz, Steve — Pvt. WA. 
 Szelmeczka, Meslaw M. — Pvt., Battery A, 3d First 
 
 Army Replacement Depot. 
 Szczechowski, John — Pvt. 
 
 Szczerniak, John A. — Pvt., Co. I, 35th Transport Corps. 
 Szczublewska, John — 3d Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Szkatulski, Jacob— Pvt., Co. D, 347th Infantry. 
 Szkudlarek, Michael — Pvt., 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 Szrfranek, Boleslaw— Saddler, Battery E, 34th F. A. 
 Szokirka, John — Pvt., 31st Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Szperka, Frank— Pvt., 303d C. O. M. 
 Szprygada, George — Supply Co., 315th Infantry. 
 Sztylke, Stephen J.— Pvt. WA. 
 Szulist, Walter— Pvt. WA. 
 Szumegalski, Henry — Pvt., 302d Engineers. 
 Szumigalski, Stanley V. — Pvt., 84th Co., 6th Regiment. 
 Szumegata, Joe — Pvt., 65th Co. 
 Szuminski, John — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 Szuminski, Stanley — Pvt., 495th Aero Squadron. 
 Szykowny, Stephen — Pvt., Co. B, 120th Engineers. 
 Szymanski, Edwin C. — Pvt. Wounded. 
 Szymanski, John S. — Sgt., Ordnance Depot 2. 
 Szymanski, John C. — Sgt., Ordnance Depot 2. 
 Szymaisla, Casimer — Pvt., 16th. 
 
 Szymanek, Leo— Pvt., Battery F, 165th Field Artillery. 
 Szymanski, Steve— Pvt., 12th P. W. S., 730th A. P. 0. 
 Szymanski, Stephen — Pvt. 
 
 Szymanski, Peter— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry. 
 Szymanski, Vincent H. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps, 
 
 354th Baking. 
 Szymanski, Walter G.— Pvt., Co. E, 348th Infantry. 
 Szymczak, William — Co. B, 17th Engineers. 
 Szymkowiak, Adam — Wagoner, Pvt., 13th Infantry. 
 Szymkowiak, John — Co. A, 502d Engineers. 
 Szymkowiak, Thomas — Pvt., Co. E, 308th Engineers. 
 
 Szymkowiak, Walter— Pvt., Battery E, 335th F. A. 
 
 Szymoniak, Henry A.— Pvt., Co. B, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Szymoniak, Thaddeus— Sgt., Supply, 36th F. A. 
 
 Szymonski, Joseph — Sgt. 
 
 Szymoszak, Tony — Pvt., Co. M, 845th Infantry. 
 
 Szzyprerowski, Andrew — Pvt., Co. C, 326th Infantry. 
 
 Tabackman, Max— Sgt., Co. F, 4th Reg. Infantry. WA. 
 
 Tabak, Joseph— Pvt., Barrack 307. 
 
 Tade, William J.— Sgt., Headquarters Co., 23d Infan- 
 try. WA October 4, 1918. 
 
 Tafelski, Frank— Pvt., 138th Infantry. 
 
 Taft, Chester M.— Pvt. Prisoner. 
 
 Taggert, Charles A. — Major, Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Taimer, Lewis M. — Lieut., Chemical Warfare Service. 
 
 Taggart, William E.— Lieut. WA. 
 
 Talbot, William A.— Sgt., Co. A, 307th Am. Train. 
 
 Talty, Frank— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Tanck, Fred H.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. WA 
 October 17, 1918. 
 
 Tamburo, Luigi — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Tannenbaum, Wm.— Sgt., 15th Co., 153d Depot Brig. 
 
 Tanner, Harley — Pvt., 111th Infantry. WG August, 
 1918. 
 
 Tanzello, Giocomo — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Tapping, John A. — Pvt., Co. A, 1st Detachment. 
 
 Taravello, Joseph F.— Pvt., Co. G, 166th Infantry. 
 WA October 13, 1918. 
 
 Tarquinio Orlindo — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Targinno, Olindo— Pvt., Co. I, 327th Infantry. WA 
 October 8, 1918. 
 
 Tasca, Angelo— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Tashenberg, Clarence— Pvt., Co. B, 304th Infantry. 
 WA October, 1918. 
 
 Tassie, Peter J. — Pvt., Co. I, 21st Engineers. 
 
 Tate, Charles— 1st class Pvt., Co. H, 104th Infantry. 
 
 Tatko, Stanislaw— 1st Lieut., 2d Co. WA October, 1918. 
 
 Tatta, Pasquale — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 136th Inf. 
 
 Tayler, Daniel R.— Pvt., Co. A, 24th Engineers. 
 
 Taylor, Albert F.— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Taylor, Frank Z. — Pvt., 152d Aero Squadron. 
 
 Taylor, Fred A. — Corp., Air Service Mechanics. 
 
 Taylor, James H.— 1st class Pvt., Co. B, 303d Infantry. 
 
 Taylor, F. — 1st class Pvt., Mayflower. 
 
 Taylor, James H.— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Am. Train. 
 
 Taylor, Harry L.— Sgt., Co. E, 120th Engineers. 
 
 Taylor, Harry W.— 1st class Pvt., 147th Infantry. WA 
 September, 1918. 
 
 Taylor, Harold H.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Taylor, Herbert— Pvt. 
 
 Taylor, James R.— Pvt., Co. G, 30th Infantry. WA 
 June 5, 1918. 
 
 Taylor, Roland P.— Pvt., 106th Supply Train. 
 
 Taylor, William A.— Wagoner, Battery B, 304th Ma- 
 chine Gun Battalion. 
 
 Tedesco, Anthony J. — Corp. WA. 
 
 Tee, Charles— Corp., Co. G, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Tee, Edward— Pvt., 19th Battalion, 77th Infantry. 
 
 Tee, Stephen— Pvt., Co. A, Barracks 15. 
 
 Teichert, Max — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 153d Infantry. 
 
 Telaak, Frank J.— 1st class Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Temlitz, Edmund W.— Pvt., Co. D, 59th Pioneer Inf. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 601 
 
 Temlitz, John— 336th Field Artillery. 
 Tench, Ellsworth— 1st Lieut., Medical Corps, 25th F. A. 
 Tench, Francis M. — Capt., Instructor Sanitary School. 
 Tench, John D. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Tepas, Norman P. — Headquarters, 55th Pioneer Inf. 
 Tepe, Eugene A.— Pvt., 28th. 
 
 Tepe, Fred— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. WG Sep- 
 tember, 1918. 
 Terhaar, John L. — Pvt., Mail and Postal Express Serv. 
 Terrasse, Frederick — Lieut., Medical Corps. 
 Terryberry, Jas. P. — Bugler, Co. D, 346th Infantry. 
 Terreberry, Merrill — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps. 
 Territo, Jasper — Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. 
 Territo, Joseph— Pvt., Battery D, 136th Field Artillery. 
 Terrose, Frank— Pvt., Co. K, 60th Infantry. M. A. 
 Tessman, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. G, 305th Infantry. WA 
 
 August 12, 1918, and November 1, 1918. 
 Tessman, Frank J. — Pvt. WA. 
 Tessman, John F.— Pvt., 35th Field Artillery. 
 Testa, Joseph C— Corp., Co. E, 433d M. S. T. 
 Testa, S. G. — Corp., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Tettamanti, Serafino— Pvt., Co. C, 348th Infantry. 
 Thatcher, Harry F. — Corp., 5th Service, Signal Corps. 
 Theisen, Michael J. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Theisen, Peter K.— Sgt., Mech. Unit, Aerial Signal C. 
 Theisen, Walter J. — Pvt., 8th October Automatic Re- 
 placement Draft, Replacement Regiment. 
 Theisz, William G. — Sgt., Utilities Battalion, Quarter- 
 master Corps. 
 Then, G. C— Pvt., 20th Trench Motor Battery. 
 Theobald, Elmer L.— Corp., Co. C, S. A. T. C. 
 Theodoran, Christ G.— 10th Battalion, 153d Depot B. 
 Thesenwitz, William— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry. 
 Thessen, George J.— Pvt., 303d Military Police. 
 Theurer, Fred H.— Pvt., Co. D, 7th Infantry. WG 
 
 October 17, 1918. 
 Theurer, Herman F.— Pvt. WA. 
 Theuer, William— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. WA. 
 
 August 12, 1918. 
 Thibeau, HarveyL.— Pvt.,Co. A, 304th Mach. Gun Bat. 
 Thiel, Stanley — Pvt., Co. C, Engineers Corps. 
 Thines, John — Pvt., Ordnance Department. 
 Thines, Nicholas — Corp., Headquarters, 304th F A. 
 Tackman, Charles J.— 1st Lieut., Co. B, 337th Battal- 
 ion Tank Corps. 
 Then, Gottfried C— Ist-class Pvt., 20th Trench Motor 
 
 Battery. 
 Thoemmer, Elmer — 1st class Pvt., Camp Utilities. 
 Thorn, William— Pvt., Co. D, 37th Engineers. 
 Thoma, Earl W.— 1st Lieut., 1st Division, 16th Inf. 
 Thomas, Alex— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Thomas, Clarence E.— Pvt., 151st Aero Squadron. 
 Thomas, Chester C— Ist-class Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 
 
 306th Infantry. 
 Thomas, Edward H.— Pvt., Battery C, 349th F. A. 
 Thomas, E. L. — Lieut., Aviation. 
 Thomas, Henry J.— Pvt., 4th Canadian Engineers. 
 Thomas, James A. — Pvt., Camp Wheeler. 
 Thomas, John H.— Pvt., Battery C, 36th F. A. 
 Thomas, Joseph A.— Sgt., Battery B, 52d Artillery. 
 WA April, 1918. 
 
 Thomas, luory— Pvt., Co. I, 63d Infantry. 
 Thomas, Lawrence F. — Ist-class Pvt., Medical Corps. 
 Thomas, William A.— Bugler, Battery D, 319th F. A. 
 Thompson, Albert R. — Sgt., Fire, Truck and Hose Co. 
 Thompson, Arthur L. — Pvt., Troop G, 2d Cavalry. 
 Thompson, Charles R. — Corp., Co. I, 311th Infantry. 
 
 WA November 2, 1918. 
 Thompson, Dean 0. — Capt., Medical Detachment, 
 
 Camp Shelby. 
 Thompson, James M.— Sgt.-Major, Co. C, 309th Inf. 
 Thompson, Leslie P.— Corp., Co. C, 312th Inf. 
 Thompson, Willard P. — Corp., Co. B, 303d Engineers. 
 Thompson, William J. — Pvt., Paris Island. 
 Thorn, Valentine— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers. 
 Thorpe, Howard A.— Pvt., Battery A, 7th F. A. WA 
 
 and G, June 4, 1918. 
 Thorzak, Stanislaus — Corp., Ordnance Dept. 
 Thurn, Otto— Pvt. 
 
 Thuman, Frank X., Jr. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Thurn, Henry J.— Pvt., Co. C, 29th Engineers. 
 Thurnherr, Joseph C. — Wagoner, Headquarters Co., 
 
 311th Infantry. 
 Thurstone, Kenneth B.— Lieut., Co. C, 315th Amm. Tr. 
 Tibbetts, Charles E.— Pvt., Co. D, 212th Engineers. 
 Tice, Chester G.— Corp., Battery B, 65th Coast Art C. 
 Tice, J. Raymond— Sgt., Co. B, 333d Battalion. 
 Tiede, Joseph A. — Corp., Machine Gun Co., 61st Inf. 
 Tiede, Joseph G.— Pvt., 303d Remount Depot. 
 Tiedeman, August G. — Base Hospital Detachment. 
 Tiedeman, Charles F.— Pvt., Co. G, 52d Infantry. 
 Tiedeman, Raymond A.— Pvt., Co. F, 308th Infantry. 
 
 WA October 5, 1918. 
 Tiffany, Vincent E. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Tighe, Edmund J. — Mass. Institute of Tech. 
 Tilbrick, William H.— Sgt., Co. H, 309th Infantry. 
 Tilley, Basil G.— Pvt., Co. D, 1st Gas Regiment. 
 Tilley, John J.— 2d Lieut., Headquarters Co., 48th F. A. 
 Tilley, Norman N. — 2d Lieut., Air Service. 
 Tilley, Stanley A.— 2d Lieut., 308th Machine Gun Co., 
 
 WA May, 1915, in Australian Service. 
 Timm, Arnold E.— Corp., Machine Gun Co., 305th Inf. 
 Timm, Ervin— Pvt., Battery F, 35th Field Artillery. 
 Timmel, Eugene — Musician, Headquarters Co., 55th 
 
 Pioneer Infantry. 
 Timmons, Charles— Pvt., Co. A, P. 10, Curtis Bay G. S. 
 Timmons, Edward— Pvt., 46th Co., 153d Depot Brig. 
 Troglain, Edward H.— Pvt., Headq'rs Co., 327th Inf. 
 Troglain, Frederick L. — Sgt., 1099th Air Service. 
 Tischendorf, Edmund — Elec, N. Operating Base 1011. 
 Tismerowicz, Stanley — Pvt., 346th Infantry. 
 Titus, Allen S. — 1st Lieut., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Tladm, Bert — Pioneer Infantry. 
 Tladm, Charles — Pioneer Infantry. 
 Toal, Lionel— Pvt., Co. H, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 Tobin, Martin— Pvt., Co. F, 326th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 13, 1918. 
 Tobin, Thos.— Pvt., Base Hospital 23. 
 Tobin, William E. — Inst., Squadron C, Air Service. 
 Tocha, Anthony — Pvt., Vet. Corps. 
 Todd, Wm.— Pvt., C. E. F. WA. October 12, 1918. 
 Todtenhagen, Harry C— Pvt., Supply Co., 326th Inf. 
 
602 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Tojdowska, Stephen— Pvt., Co. K, 313th Infantry. 
 Tojdowski, Joseph — Pvt., Motor Corps, 311th Infantrj'. 
 Tolkien, Harold C— Pvt., Co. K, 2d Infantry. 
 Tolsma, Charles H.— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry. 
 Tolsma, Frank— Pvt., 325th Ambulance Co. 
 Tomas, Joseph S. — Pvt., 306th Aero Squadron. 
 Tomasello, Antonio — Pvt., 301st Quartermaster Corps. 
 Tomaszenski, Anthony — Pvt., Co. A, 306th Infantry. 
 Tomaszenski, John A. — Pvt., Co. C, 51st Pioneers. 
 Tomazewski, Anthony — Pvt., Co. C, 51st Pioneers. 
 Tomazewski, Anthony — Pvt., 2d A. A. Machine Gun B. 
 Tomazak, Frank— Pvt., Co. F, 162d Infantry. 
 Tomazak, Wladyslaw— Pvt., Co. G, 311th Infantry. 
 Tompkins, Joseph E. — Maj., Ordnance Dept. 
 
 Cited for exceptional conspicuous and meritorious service at 
 advanced Ordnance Depot No. 1. 
 
 Tonder, Laurence — 1st Sgt., Co. H, 85th Infantry. 
 
 Tonking, Marshall G.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Toohill, George — Corp., 182d Aero Squad. Was shot 
 
 down by four German planes while on bombing trip. 
 
 Five machine gun bullets in left leg and all teeth 
 
 blown out. 
 Tooke, Roscoe C. — 1st Lieut., Air Service. 
 Toner, Thomas— Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry. 
 Topping, Edward F.— Ist-class Pvt., 102d Field Signal 
 
 Battalion. 
 Torge, Wm. N. — Pvt., 14th Casual Co., Engineers. 
 Tornow, Elmer L.— Pvt., 38th Field Artillery. 
 Torrillo, Nicola— Wagoner, Co. D, 302d Am. Train. 
 Torturice, William V. — Sgt., Troop K, 1st Cavalry. 
 Totaro, Carl S.— Pvt., 302d Bakery. 
 Toulmin, Maurice — Pvt., 347th Infantry. 
 Tourjie, George— Pvt., Co. H, 369th Infantry. 
 Towler, Thomas L.— Pvt., 9th Co., Central Officers' 
 
 Training School. 
 Towne, Edward C— Pvt., Co. F, 147th Engineers. 
 Towns, William — Pvt., 63d Pioneer Infantry. 
 Townsend, Thomas J.— Pvt., 153d Depot Brig. 
 Tozzi, Peter A. — Pvt., Co. I, 21st Engineers. 
 Trabona, Joseph — Pvt. 
 Trainer, Joseph A. — Bugler. 
 Trankle, John F.— Pvt., 11th Tank Corps. 
 Trapper, Arthur H. — Corp., 9th Trench Motor Battery. 
 Trautlein, Raymond W.— Wagoner, Co. C, 303d Am. Tr. 
 Townsend, Marvin L. — Bugler, Co. B, 308th Machine 
 
 Gun Battalion. 
 Trankle, Henry I. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 21st Inf. 
 Trapp, Lewis J. — Corp., Sanitary Squadron 44. 
 Trautman, Charles E.— Pvt., Co. I, 7th Infantry. 
 Trautman, Norman — Pvt., 2d C. M. R. Battalion, 
 
 Canadian Army. 
 Trautman, Raymond— Pvt., Co. G, 17th Batt. Inf. 
 Trautwein, Wallace J.— Pvt., Co. G, 7th Infantry. 
 Treats, William H.— Pvt., Co. A, 502d Engineers. 
 Trebes, Henry— 1st class Pvt., Co. E, 347th Infantry. 
 Treble, Howard C. — Corp., Headquarters Co., 9th Reg. 
 Tredesco, Anthony — Pvt. WA. 
 Tredo, Stephen F.— Pvt., 214th Aero Squadron. WA. 
 
 October, 1918. 
 Tremblay, Lawrence — Pvt., Co. E, 147th Infantry. 
 
 WA September 27, 1918. 
 
 Tresp, Frederick C— Corp., Co. G, 306th Infantry. 
 WG August 27, 1918. MA November 8, 1918. 
 
 Tresp, William A. — Pvt., U. S. Proving Grounds. 
 
 Tresselt, Walter C— Pvt., 298th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Trensch, Bernhart — Pvt., 529th Motor Supply Train. 
 
 Trensch, William— Pvt., Co. G, 5th Infantry. 
 
 Trezeciak, Stephen W. — Pvt. 
 
 Trick, Harry R. — Capt., Motor Corps., Debarkation 
 Hospital 5. 
 
 Trein, William— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Field Signal Battn. 
 
 Triepel, John F. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Triller, Raymond — Corp., Co. C, 70th Engineers. 
 
 Triller, Richard E.— Pvt., Co. E, 23d Engineers. 
 
 Trimlin, Frederick— Pvt., Co. K, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Trimmer, Benjamin — Pvt., Co. G, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Tripoli, Dominick— Pvt., Co. I, 30th Infantry. WA. 
 July 18, 1918 and November 4, 1918. 
 
 Trippi, Joseph — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Trocha, Ignatz— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Trombler, Clarence P.— Corp., Co. C, 10th Battalion, 
 U. S. Guard. 
 
 Tronolone, Anthony C— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Tronolone, Caesar A. — Corp., Co. I, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Tronolone, Daniel L. — Pvt., Battery B, 9th Artillery. 
 
 Trosp, Charles F.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Trost, Fred H. — 1st class Pvt. , Supply Co., Quarter- 
 master Corps 317. 
 
 Trost, Edward J.— Pvt., 334th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 
 Trost, John C— Mechanic, Co. B, 13th Battalion. 
 
 Trubee, John H.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. D, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Truesdale, Hiram H.— Pvt., Co. G, 309th Infantry. 
 WA September, 1918. 
 
 Truman, Frank L.— Sgt.-Major, Headq'rs, 349th F. A. 
 
 Trzeciak, Steven W.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Tschamber, Otto — 118th Ordnance Depot. 
 
 Tuberdych, John — Troop E, Cavalry. 
 
 Tuberdych, Joseph — Pvt., Headquarters, Cavalry. 
 
 Tubielewicz, Peter— Pvt., Co. C, 156th Depot Brig. 
 
 Tucce, Caeser— Pvt., 348th Infantry. 
 
 Tucholka, Frank — Pvt., Base Hospital Detachment. 
 
 Tucholka, John E. J.— Pvt., Co. B, Walter Reed Hos- 
 pital. WA July 23, 1918. 
 
 Tucker, Emery — Battalion Sgt.-Major, Headquarters 
 Detachment, Camp Gordon, Ga. 
 
 Tucker, William J.— Pvt., 52d Training Battalion. 
 
 Tudor, Leroy— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Infantry. WG Sep- 
 tember 6, 1918. 
 
 Tulchinsky, Joseph— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Tuhpani, Domenic — Pvt., 3d Co., 0. C. Detachment. 
 
 Tully, Daniel R.— Sgt., Fire and Guard Co. 
 
 Tumin, Herbert R.— Pvt. 
 
 Tunser, Leo C— Sgt., 304th San. A. C. 315th. 
 
 Turgeon, Eugene A. — Pvt., Medical Corps. 
 
 Turks, Charles J.— Sgt., A. M. S. D. 1, A. P. 0. 712. 
 
 Turek, Jos. J.— 334th Field Artillery. 
 
 Turner, Allan J.— Pvt., Co. B, 2d Battalion, C. E. F. 
 
 Turner, John S. — Cadet, Air Service. 
 
 Turner, George S.— Sgt., 307th Field Artillery. 
 
 Turner, Henry H. — Pvt., Auxiliary Remount Depot. 
 
 Turner, Mannet— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Turner, William R.— Pvt., 341st Battalion Tank Corps. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 603 
 
 Tewolenkierwicz, Frank — Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. 
 TjTrell, Harry T.— Pvt., Co. L, 307th Infantry. 
 Tyrrell, Hobart S. — 1st Lieut., Ordnance Depot. 
 Tyrrell, Wilbur L.— Sgt., Co. G, 2d Engineers. 
 Tyson, Howard J.— Pvt., Co. B, 116th Engineers. 
 Uhle, Albert— Pvt., 310th Guard and Fire. 
 Uhlinger, Albert M. — Pvt., Co. F, 307th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 15, 1918. 
 Ulenski, Frank C— Pvt., 65th. 
 Ullman, David L. — Sgt., Headquarters, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Wounded September 26, 1918. 
 Ullmer, Fred E. — Musician, Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 Ullmer, Herbert P. — Sgt., Remount Depot Quarter- 
 master Corps. 
 Ulrich, Andrew I. — Corp., Co. G, 61st Infantry. WA. 
 
 November 6, 1918. 
 Ulrich, Edward C— Mechanic, Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 Ulrich, Edward J.— 1st class Pvt., Co. M, 345th Inf. 
 Umiker, Walker E. — Co. B, 2d Battery Edgewood 
 
 Arsenal. Wounded October, 1918. 
 Ulrich, William—Corp., Battery F, 13th Artillery. 
 Umiker, William J.— Sgt. WA. 
 
 Unger, Walter C— Pvt., Co. B, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 Unger, John C— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Ammunition Train. 
 Underwood, Harold B. — 496th Aero Squadron. 
 Urban, Wm. P.— Lieut., 110th Infantry. WA. 
 Urbacki, Joseph F.— Pvt., Battery B, 17th F. A. 
 Urban, George — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 Urban, Raymond G. — 2d Lieut. — Transport Corps. 
 Urban, Wm. P.— Capt., 110th Infantry. 
 Unholz, Milton C— Pvt., 437th Detachment of Engrs. 
 Utley, C. B. — Aviation. 
 
 Utz, William M. — Pvt., Co. 7, Infantry Replacement U. 
 Utz, Edwin C— Battery E, 334th Field Artillery. 
 Uster, Joseph E.— Sgt., Co. B, 333d Battalion, Tank C. 
 Urbanski, Albert— Co. C, 306th Infantry. 
 Vacanti, Charles J.— Pvt., Co. B, 309th Infantry. WG 
 
 October 19, 1918. 
 Vaccarella, Zanazio — Pvt., Co. D, 147th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 27, 1918. 
 Vacanti, Charles T.— Pvt. WA. 
 Vaccarie, Peter— Pvt., Co. C, 348th Infantry. WA. 
 Vaccaro, Joseph — Pvt., Battery E, 334th Field Artillery. 
 Vacrolls, Ignazio — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Vail, Byron R.— Pvt., Co. B, 47th Battalion U. S. Gds. 
 Vailey, Leon W. — Corp., Co. M, 65th Infantry. 
 Valente, Charles A.— Pvt., Battery C, 342d F. A. 
 Valente, George A.— Pvt., 116th Trains. 
 Valente, Herman — Pvt., Base Hospital 23. 
 Valentine, Ernest F.— Pvt., Co. K, 311th Infantry. 
 Valentine, Francis B.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Valldejula, Manuels — 2d Lieut., Porto Rican Army 
 
 (Panama). 
 Valvo, Joseph — Pvt., 4th Development Co. 
 Van Allen, David B. H.— 1st class Pvt., Co. D, 302d 
 
 Engineers. WA June, 1918. 
 Vanbuskirk, Afton G.— Corp., 8th Co., 20th Engineers. 
 Van Campen, Ruth L. — Nurse, Base Hosp., Camp Lee. 
 Vanderbilt, Herbert R. — Lieut. Prisoner. 
 Vanderbush, Edwin N.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. 
 
 WG October, 1918. 
 
 Vanderbush, Francis B. — Ist-class Pvt., Chemical War- 
 fare Service. WG May 22, 1918. 
 
 Vandermeulen, George T. — Capt., Detachment C. 
 
 Vanderwalker, Carl— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Infantry. 
 
 Van Duzee, Leonard A. — Pvt., Co. C, Chemical War- 
 fare Service. 
 
 Vanhell, John H.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. WG. 
 July, 1918. 
 
 Van Pike, Joseph — Sgt., Aerial Gunnery School. 
 
 Vannier, Charles B.— Sgt., Co. H, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Van Steenburg, Roy— Pvt., Battery F, 33d Coast Art C. 
 
 Van Tine, Lawrence E. — Sgt., Motor Supply Unit. 
 
 Van Tine, William R.— Cook, Co. K, 12th Infantry. 
 
 Van Tine, Willis F.— Pvt., Supply Co., 309th Infantry. 
 
 Van Valkenburgh, Clarence — Central Officers' Training 
 School, Camp Lee, Va. 
 
 Van Valkenburgh, Wm. J. — 1st Lieut., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Van Velsor, Harry A. — Capt., 25th Co., 153d Depot B. 
 
 Vapino, Cosmo — Pvt. WA September 4, 1918. 
 
 Vara, Tony — Pvt., Headquarters, 307th Infantry. WA 
 October 12, 1918. 
 
 Vara, Vincent — Pvt., 30th Division Infantry. 
 
 Vareci, Dominick — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Vastola, Samuel J. — Lieut., 141st Engineers. 
 
 Vaughan, Clarence — Pvt., Headquarters, 307th Infan- 
 try. WA September 14, 1918. 
 
 Vaughn, Harold W.— Pvt., Co. B, Tank Corps. 
 
 Vaughn, William P.— 1st class Pvt., 301st Quarter- 
 master Corps, Camp Merritt, N. J. 
 
 Veale, William F.— Pvt., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Veiders, Alphonse J. — Pvt., Co. A, 36th Infantry. 
 
 Veigel, Alvin — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Veigel, Ernest W. — Sgt.-Major, Headquarters, 14th 
 First Army Replacement Depot. 
 
 Venherm, Arthur W. — Sgt., 2d Co., 4th Regiment 
 Motor Mechanics, Signal Corps. 
 
 Ventura, Vincent— Corp., Co. F, 309th Infantry. WG. 
 October, 1918. 
 
 Venzia, Carmine — Pvt., 4th Dev. Battalion. 
 
 Verbeck, Harold J. — Sgt., Squadron E, Gerstner Field. 
 
 Verdi, Stephen L.— Pvt., Co. L, 28th Infantry. 
 
 Vergils, George T.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th 
 Infantry. 
 
 Vermling, George — 1st Sgt., Co. E, 22d Infantry. 
 
 Vertiona, Louis — Pvt., Co. C, 82d Division Dep. Brig. 
 
 Vetrano, Vincent— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Vetter, Eugene T.— Corp., 469th Motor Truck Co. 
 
 Vetter, Herbert P.— Corp., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Vetter, Richard— Pvt. 
 
 Viapiano, Cosmo — Pvt., Supply Co., 353d Infantry. 
 Wounded July 14, 1918. 
 
 Viele, Dorr — 1st Lieut., Air Service. 
 
 Viele, Sheldon K.— Sgt., 40th Engineers. 
 
 Villa, Nicholas J.— Corp., Co. K, 326th Infantry. 
 
 Villa, Salvatore— Pvt., 40th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Vincent, George S. — 1st Lieut., Air Service. WA July, 
 1918, by fall. 
 
 Viox, George F.— Pvt., 348th Infantry. 
 
 Vitale, Joseph— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Vizzi, Antonio — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Voelker, Frank J.— Corp., Co. B, 346th Infantry. 
 
604 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Vogel, Adam— Sgt., Co. G, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Vogel, John— Corp., Battery F, 74th Field Artillery. 
 
 Vogele, Albert H. — Pvt., Air Service. 
 
 Voght, Charles— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Vogt, Alfred H.— 1st Lieut., Gen. Hospital, Ft. Bayard. 
 
 Vogt, Edward H.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th Inf. 
 
 Vogt, Francis— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Vogt, Harry E.— Pvt., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Vogt, Theodore J.— 2d Lieut., 5th Training Field Artil- 
 lery, Central Officers' Training School. 
 
 Vogt, Theodore— Pvt., Co. L, 305th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Vogt, E. William— Corp., Co. B, 307th Battalion Tank 
 Corps. 
 
 Voisinet, Otto E.— Pvt., Co. B, 312th Ammunition Tr. 
 
 Voisard, Joseph C. — Ist-class Pvt., 19th Mech., 3d Air 
 Service. 
 
 Voisinet, Walter E. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Vogt, Theodore G.— Pvt., Co. L, 305th Infantry. WA. 
 October 3, 1918. 
 
 Volk, Charles S. — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Volker, Albert A. — 2d class Quartermaster. 
 
 Volker, Harold F.— Pvt., Battery A, 7th Field Artillery. 
 
 Volker, Wm. A. — Pvt., Headquarters, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Voll, Casper J.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. 
 WG October, 1918. 
 
 Volland, Anthony — Pvt., Co. C, Erie Proving Grounds. 
 
 Volland, Arthur P. — Cook, Cooks and Bakers School. 
 
 Volland, Leonard E. — Musician, 135th Infantry. 
 
 Vollbracht, Ferdinand C— 1st class Pvt., Co. E, 306 Inf. 
 
 Vollmer, Albert— 13th Field Artillery. 
 
 Volk, Wilbur C— Pvt., Co. B, S. A. T. C. ( Colgate.) 
 
 Volper, Harry A. — Ist-class Sgt., Air Service, 4th Det. 
 
 Volz, Louis E.— Corp., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Von Langen, August W. — Pvt., Headq'rs, 311th Inf. 
 
 Voltman, Herbert— Pvt., 420th Field Signal Battalion. 
 
 Voltz, Clarence G. — Sgt., Utilities Detachment. 
 
 Vona, Vincent— Pvt., Co. C, 147th Infantry. 
 
 Von Paulson, C. C. — Lieut., Coast Guard. 
 
 Cited. 
 
 Von Pless, WilHam F.— Sgt., Battery D, 30th F. A. 
 
 Vons, Vincent J. — Co. C, 147th Inf. WA Argonne. 
 
 Von Wrycza, Anthony J. — Corp., Air Service. 
 
 Voorhees, Clarence W. — Sgt., U. S. Air Service. 
 
 Vosburgh, Ralph — Capt., 1st Canadian Machine Gun. 
 WA September, 1916. 
 
 Voss, Herman — Pvt., 9th Supply Co., Ordnance. 
 
 Vosseler, Albert C. — Pvt., AuxiHary Remount. 
 
 Vosseler, Martin J.— Pvt., Co. C, 27th Battalion. 
 
 Vossler, Oliver C. 
 
 Voyele, John N.— Pvt., 354th Baking Co. 
 
 Vreeland, Walter H.— Pvt., Troop B, 1st Cavalry. 
 
 Vaccaro, Peter- Pvt., Co. C, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Wachowiak, Walter — 5th Separate Battalion. 
 
 Wachowski, Steve C— Co. F, 328th Infantry. W. 
 September 18, 1918. 
 
 Wachter, Harry— Pvt., Co. D, 314th Infantry. 
 
 Wacker, John M.— Pvt., U. S. A. M. Depot. 
 
 Wachnik, Walter— Ist-class Pvt., Co. A, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Wade, Walter W. — Major, Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Wadsworth, Henry C. — Lieut., Instructor New Hamp- 
 shire State College. 
 
 Wadsworth, John V.— Pvt., 37th Base Hospital. 
 
 Wadsworth, Wilbert L. — Sgt., Co. C, Air Service. 
 
 Waggoner, Waldorf V. — Corp., Co. E, Machine Gun T. 
 
 Wagner, Albert G.— 1st class Pvt., Co. B, 307th Supply 
 Train. 
 
 Wagner, August J. E. — Wagoner, Ordnance Depot Co. 
 
 Wagner, Benjamin C. — Wagoner, Supply Co., 348th 
 Infantry. 
 
 Wagner, Charles H. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., Advance 
 Section. 
 
 Wagner, Charles W.— Pvt., 5th Co., 2d Battalion. 
 
 Wagner, Clarence G. — Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Wagner, Curtis— Pvt., Co. C, 218th Engineers. 
 
 Wagner, Elmer J. H.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. 
 WG June 24, 1918. 
 
 Wagner, Frank — Sgt., Machine Gun Troop, 12th Cav. 
 
 Wagner, Frank J. — Pvt., Co. H, 7th Infantry. 
 
 Wagner, Frank L.— Sgt., Co. B, 14th Battahon, Ord- 
 nance Department. 
 
 Wagner, Herbert J. — Pvt., 33d Engineers. 
 
 Wagner, Herbert W. — Pvt., Army Medical Det. 
 
 Wagner, John J.— Pvt., Co. E, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Wagner, John L.— Pvt., Co. C, 335th Machine Gun Bn. 
 
 Wagner, Joseph A. — Sgt., Co. A, 21st Machine Gun Bn. 
 
 Wagner, Joseph E.— Pvt., 64th Co., 152d Depot Brig- 
 Wagner, Joseph M. — Ist-class Pvt., 303d Am. Train. 
 
 Wagner, Louis W. — Pvt., 346th Infantry. 
 
 Wagner, Nelson B.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Wagner, Richard P.— Sgt., Battery E, 35th F. A. 
 
 Wagner, Roy J. — Pvt., Camp Wheeler. 
 
 Wagner, William E.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. E, 345th Inf. 
 
 Wahl, Elmo— Pvt., Supply Co., 309th Infantry. 
 
 Wahl, Henry A. — Pvt., Headquarters Troop. 
 
 Wahl, Herbert J.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Wahhn, John W.— Corp., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Walcott, J. L.— Pvt., Co. B, 328th Infantry. Shell- 
 shocked, October, 1918. 
 
 Walczak, Walter — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Walczak, Vincent — Pvt., Casual Dept. 
 
 Walgate, Harvey W. — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneers. 
 
 Waldorf, Joseph C— Cook, Co. G, 309th Infantry. 
 WG November, 1918 
 
 Walgate, Stanley E.— Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneers. 
 
 Walker, Charles N.— Sgt., 709th Motor Transport Sup- 
 ply Train. 
 
 Walker, Edwin H.— Pvt., 30th Co., Quartermaster C. 
 
 Walker, Edwin L.— Sgt. 
 
 Walker, Elmer — Lieut., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Walker, Frank E. — Sgt., Ordnance Dept. 
 
 Walker, James J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Walinski, Sygmont — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Walkowiak, Bernard A. — Driver, Polish Army. 
 
 Walkowiak, Edward J. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., Base 
 Hospital Center. 
 
 Walkowiak, Frank— Pvt., Co. F, 326th Infantry. 
 
 Wall, Charles E.— Pvt., 33d Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Wall, Francis R. — Ist-class Pvt., Radio Signal Corps. 
 
 Wall, James B. — Pvt., Signal Repair Co. 
 
 Wall, J. H.— Lieut., 6th A. A. Battalion. 
 
 Wall, John H. — Lieut., 64th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Wall, Malcolm C. — Lieut., 37th Squadron Aviation. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 605 
 
 Wall, William P. — Lieut., Air Service. 
 Wallace, Fred C— Pvt., Co. K, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 Wallace, Robert A. — Pvt., Army Ambulance Service. 
 Wallenhorst, Raymond W.— Pvt., Co. C, 101st Field 
 
 Signal Battalion. 
 Walsh, Edwin L.— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. WA. 
 
 September 18, 1918. 
 Walsh, E. P.— Pvt., 336th Field Artillery. 
 Walsh, Francis V.— Pvt., V. E. A. Corps. 
 Walsh, Frank A.— Pvt., Co. A, 37th Infantry. 
 Walsh, Glenn E. — Sgt., Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Walsh, Gerald — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Walsh, James A. — Pvt. WA. 
 Walsh, James J. — Pvt., 14th First Army Replacement 
 
 Depot. 
 Walsh, John— Pvt., Headquarters Battery, 148th F. A. 
 Walsh, Harry L.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 347th Inf. 
 Walsh, Joseph A. — Pvt., Canadian Hospital Corps. 
 Walsh, Lawrence P.— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry. 
 Walsh, Royal W.— Ist-class Pvt., 30th Aero Co., Signal 
 
 Corps. 
 Walsh, Walter J. — Quartermaster Experimental Station 
 Walsh, Walter R. — Corp., Headquarters Co., 153d Inf. 
 Walsh, Wm. — Pvt., Co. H, Carnegie Institute. 
 Walter, Anthony G.— Pvt., Co. D, 30th Infantry. 
 Walter, Charles J.— Sgt., 466th Motor Truck Co. 
 Walter, Eugene L. — Pvt., 153d Machine Gun Training 
 
 Camp. 
 Walter, Raymond G.— Pvt., 56th Balloon Co. 
 Walter, Raymond G.— Pvt., Battery F, 9th F. A. 
 Walters, Frederic L. — Pvt., 58th Canadian Battery. 
 
 Wounded August 30, 1918. 
 Walters, George W. — Pvt., Supply Co., 345th Infantry. 
 Walters, Leo M.— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry. 
 Walters, Maurice B. — 1st Lieut., Battery C, 42d F. A. 
 Walters, William P.— Pvt., Co. H, 29th Engineers. 
 Walther, Frank C— Pvt., Battery F, 334th F. A. 
 Walz, Frank Y. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps. 
 Walz, Matthew C— Pvt., Co. F, 306th Infantry. 
 Walz, Matthew— Pvt., 306th Inf. WA September 
 
 30, 1918. 
 Walz, Frank G. — Lieut., Medical Corps, Walter Reed 
 
 Hospital. 
 Walz, Raymond E. — Pvt., Medical Corps. 
 Walz, William M. — Assistant Inspector, Ordnance Dep. 
 Wanchuia, Fred J. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Wanda, Boleslaw — Sgt., 21st Engineers. 
 Wander, Charles R.— Sgt., 216th Field Signal Bat. 
 Wander, John G.— Pvt. 
 
 Wander, Raymond P.— Corp., 318th Tank Corps. 
 Wangrewski, Joseph — Pvt. WA. 
 Wanenmacher, F. A. — 1st Lieut., 26th Field Artillery. 
 Wannemacher, Arthur C. — Pvt., Co. L, 307th Infantry. 
 Wannemacher, George F. — Pvt., 15th Devel. Battalion. 
 Warboys, Ward R. — Sgt., Camp Hospital 101. 
 Ward, Arthur A. — Central Officers' Training School. 
 Ward, Geo. 0.— Sgt., 108th Ambulance Corps. 
 Ward, Harry J.— Pvt., 213th Canadian Battalion, 
 
 Princess Pat Infantry. Wounded April 12, 1917 and 
 
 July 27, 1917. 
 Ward, James L. — Lieut. WA. 
 
 Ward, Lawrence. 
 
 Ward, Lorenzo F.— Sgt.-Major, 304th Tank Corps. 
 
 Ward, Ralph D.— Sgt., 319th Co. Tank Corps. 
 
 Ward, Robert S.— Corp., Battery D, 304th F. A. 
 
 Wardell, Sydney — Pvt., 1st Provisional Air Service. 
 
 Wardrope, Robert H.—Pvt., Co. F, 29th Engineers. 
 
 Wargula, Stanley J.— Pvt., 6th Co., Dev. Battalion. 
 
 Warner, Charles A. — Corp. Wounded. 
 
 Warner, Charles J. — Pvt., Co. B, 70th Engineers. 
 
 Warner, Edward C— Capt., 15th Field Artillery. 
 
 Warner, George R. — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Warner, Joel S. — Lieut., Royal Air Force. 
 
 Warner, Henry L. — Pvt., 334th Field Artillery. 
 
 Warner, Rudolph J. — Officers' Training School, Motor 
 
 Transport Corps. 
 Warner, Stephen — Pvt., Co. C, 302d Ammunition Tr. 
 Warnke, Raymond D. — Pvt., November Replacements. 
 Warren, Sterling M. — Cook. WA. 
 Warren, William C, Jr.— Capt., Battery D, 307th F. A. 
 Warsetz, Edward— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry. 
 Warych, John — Pvt. 
 
 Warzel, Joseph — Pvt., Co. F, 318th Engineers. 
 Warzel, Stephen M. — Pvt., 75th Spruce Squad. 
 Washburn, Clifford W.— Pvt., Co. B, 112th Infantry. 
 
 WA August 9, 1918, Fismette. 
 Washington, Leonard — Corp., Co. G, 307th Am. Train. 
 Wasielewski, Joseph — Pvt., Co. F, 51st Pioneer Inf. 
 Wasielewski, John B.— Pvt., Co. B, 153d Depot Brig. 
 Wasiewicz, Joseph F. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co. 
 Wasiewicz, Leo N. — Sgt., Co. G, 65th Infantry. 
 Waskowiski, John— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Infantry. 
 Wass, Vincent — Pvt., Co. B, 145th Infantry. 
 Wass, William C— Corp., Co. E, 311th Infantry. WG. 
 
 October 17, 1918. 
 Wassel, Andrew — Ist-class Pvt., Aviation Park 2. 
 Wassel, Stephen — Pvt. 
 Watchorn, L. A. — 2d Lieut., Camp Dix. 
 Watchom, Leroy A. — Lieut., 35th, Camp Devens. 
 Waters, Albert F.— Pvt., Co. G, 147th Engineers. 
 Waters, Edwin E. — Wagoner, Co. D, 303d Am. Train. 
 Waters, Jeffery F.— Sgt., S. A. T. C. 
 Waterson, Robert E. — Pvt., 311th Ambulance Corps. 
 Watkins, Frank W.— Sgt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 Watson, Clarence M.— Pvt., Co. B, 343d Tank Battn. 
 Watson, Elliott— 1st Lieut., Co. B, 320th Labor Battn. 
 Watson, Fred W.— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry. 
 Watson, James D.— Pvt., 308th Infantry. WA Octo- 
 ber 12, 1918. 
 Watson, Wallace W.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. C, 317th Field 
 
 Signal Battalion. 
 Watson, William H. — Pvt., Headquarters Co. 
 Watt, William T.— Pvt., Co. B, 61st Infantry. 
 Watterson, Nicholas — Pvt., 457th Motor Truck Corps. 
 Watterson, Roy E. — Pvt., 5th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Wand, Eugene C— Sgt., 101st Field Signal Battalion. 
 Waver, William O. — Pvt., Co. A, Base Hospital, Camp 
 
 Upton. 
 Wawrowski, Anthony B. — Sgt., Co. A, U. S. Guards, 
 
 13th Battalion. 
 Wawrynicak, Stanley— Ist-class Pvt., Co. K, 38th Inf. 
 
 WA July 15, 1918. 
 
606 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Wayman, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. D, 3d Battalion, M. P. 
 
 Wdzielowski, Simon— Pvt., Battery E, 334th F. A. 
 
 Weam, William M. — Sgt., Co. L, 147th Engineers. 
 
 Weaver, Charles P. — Pvt., Headquarters, 303d Fire 
 Truck Co. 
 
 Weaver, Frederick W. — Corp., Co. L, 43d Infantry. 
 
 Weaver, John J. — Sgt., Co. C, 12th Ammunition Train. 
 
 Weaver, Joseph F. — Pvt., 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Weber, Albert G.— Sgt., 5th Co., 2d Regiment. 
 
 Weber, Alfred— Pvt., Co. C, 16th Infantry. WA. 
 August and October, 1918. 
 
 Weber, Alois— Pvt., 53d R. R. C. 
 
 Weber, Bernard J.— Sgt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Weber, Blase J. — Corp., Co. D, 57th Coast Artillery C. 
 
 Weber, Carl H. — Pvt., Ordnance Department. 
 
 Weber, Clarence W.— P\i;., Battery A, 36th F A. 
 
 Weber, Edward P.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Weber, Frank F.— Corp., Co. E. 
 
 Weber, Frederick C— Sgt., Co. B, 318th Engineers. 
 
 Weber, George W.— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Weber, Henry W.— Pvt., Co. F, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Weber, Jacob M. — Pvt. 
 
 Weber, John— Pvt., 15th Co., 6th Machine Gun Bat- 
 talion. WA April 13, 1918 and June 22, 1918. 
 
 Weber, Joseph A. — 152d Aero Squad. 
 
 Weber, Louis J. — Corp., Co. A, 303d Ammunition Tr. 
 
 Weber, Mathais A.— Pvt., 321st Repair Unit. 
 
 Weber, Norman E. — Pvt., Co. D, 9th Regiment. 
 
 Weber, Peter J.— Pvt., Co. F, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Weber, Wendelin C. — 1st Sgt., Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Weber, Wendell D. — Sgt., Squadron C. 
 
 Webster, Benjamin H. — Pvt., Co. F, Engineers. 
 
 Webster, Charles D.— Ist-class Pvt., Medical, 309th Inf. 
 
 Webster, George — 2d Lieut., Coast Defense. 
 
 Webster, Harry A.— Corp., Co. A, 333d Battn. Tank C. 
 
 Webster, James A. — Pvt., 147th Canadian Battalion. 
 WA September 14, 1918. 
 
 Webster, Leo A. — Ist-class Pvt., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Webster, Walter A. — Ist-class Pvt., Base Hospital, 
 Camp Dix. 
 
 Weccheider, Harry J. — Corp., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 WA November 2, 1918. 
 
 Wechter, Joseph A. — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Weckerle, Alois J.— Pvt., Co. E., 311th Infantry. 
 
 Weeast, Daniel — Pvt., Co. D, 53d Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Weecheider, Harry J. — Corp. WA. 
 
 Weed, William J.— 1010th Co., Unit R, Hampton Rds. 
 
 Wehrfritz, Edwin B.— Sgt., Co. B, 6th Replacement Rg. 
 
 Wehrfritz, Peter — Pvt., Co. F, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Wehrfritz, Walter A. — 1st Sgt., 105th Spruce Squad. 
 
 Wehrum, John C. H.— Sgt. WA. 
 
 Weiczasck, Adam — Pvt., Co. A, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Weideman, Frank C— Pvt., Co. G, 59th Pioneer Inf. 
 
 Weideman, Robert H.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Weidner, Frank C— Musician, C. 0. T. S. 
 
 Weidt, George — Corp., 153d Depot Brigade, 21st 
 Military Police. 
 
 Weiflenbach, Arthur A. — Pvt., Orthopedic Sec, Medi- 
 cal School. 
 
 Weiffenbach, Norman E.— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. 
 WG June 18, 1918. 
 
 Weigand, Albert J. — Pvt., Medical, 59th Pioneer Inf. 
 Weigel, Anthony P.— Pvt., 7th Co., 153d Depot Brig. 
 Weigel, Edgar W.— Corp., S. A. T. C. 
 Weigel, Elmer P. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps. 
 Weigel, George A. — Pvt., Co. G, 302d Ammunition Tr. 
 Weil, Edwin J.— Sgt., Co. E, 309th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 16, 1918. 
 Weil, Lester I.— Pvt., Co. A, 308th Infantry. 
 Weill, Allan D. — Corp., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Weill, Elmer P. — Master Gunner, Coast Artillery C. 
 Weigel, Norman E. — 2d Lieut., Ordnance Department. 
 Weil, Warren D.— Corp., Co. A, 346th Infantry. 
 Weiler, Jacob— Pvt., Co. H, 129th Infantry. 
 Weill, Ralph A. — Wagoner, Co. C, 101st Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. 
 Weimar, George J. — Pvt., 332d Fire Guards. 
 Weimer, Charles — Sgt., 326th Infantry. 
 Weinig, Raymond P.— Pvt., Co. A, 303d Am. Train. 
 Weinmar, Louis — Pvt., Co. A, 303d Ammunition Train. 
 Weinreber, Christ — Pvt., Medical, 802d Ammunition 
 
 Train. WA October 5, 1918. 
 Weise, George T.— Pvt., Co. B, 347th Infantry. 
 Weisbar, Wilford J. — Pvt., Bakers' and Cooks' School. 
 Weiser, Bernard J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Weisner, Edward J. — Pvt., Headquarters. 
 Weiss, George J.— Pvt., Co. F, 311th Infantry. WA 
 
 November 2, 1918. 
 Weiss, Godfrey H. — Corp. WA. 
 Weiss, Paul M.— Pvt., Co. B, Repair Unit 311. 
 Weist, Robt. H.— Pvt., 306th Aero Squadron. WA. 
 V/eissgerber, Milo H. — Pvt., Co. F, 101st Engineers. 
 
 WA July 16, 1918. 
 Weitz, Edwin R. — Pvt., 5th Aero Squadron. 
 Weitz, Emanuel A. — Corp., Headquarters, 60th Inf. 
 Wells, Lawrence G.— Corp., 403d Field Signal Battn. 
 Welch, Edward — Pvt., Co. A, 51st Pioneer Infantry, 
 Welch, James T. — Ist-class Pvt., Ordnance Dep. Co. 
 Welch, Stuart C. — Lieut., Signal Reserve Corps, Royal 
 
 Aviation Force. 
 Welch, Thomas, Jr.— Pvt., Co. B, 61st Infantry. 
 Welch, William C— Pvt. WA. 
 Welker, Edmund J.— Pvt., Co. K, 347th Infantry. 
 Welker, Robert S.— Corp., Co. F, 116th Engineers. 
 Weiler, Jacob A. — Corp., 302d Sanitary Train. 
 Wells, Frank H.— Pvt., Co. D, 311th Infantry. M. A. 
 Wells, George R.— Pvt., Co. A, A. S. M. S. 
 Wende, Bernhardt — Eng. Sgt. 
 Wende, Harry — Veteran, Bureau Animal Industry. 
 Wende, Kenefick — Corp. 
 
 Wende, Herman J.— Corp., 63d Co., 153d Depot Brig. 
 Wende, John A.— 1st Lieut., A. V. C, 106th F. A. 
 Wendell, Byron M.— Ist-class Pvt., Supply Co. 36th 
 
 Field Artillery. 
 Wendt, Henry W. — 1st Lieut., Ordnance Dept. 
 Wenger, Edward C— Pvt., Co. A, 339th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. 
 Wenger, Norman W. — Corp., Co. C, 307th Infantry. 
 Wenneman, Fredie J. 
 
 Wenrich, Harry K.— Sgt., Co. D, 120th Engineers. 
 Weppner, Howard L. — 1st Sgt., Base Hospital 23. 
 Werkley, Harrington— Pvt., Mach.Gun Co., 311th Inf. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 607 
 
 Werner, Albert M. — Pvt., Co. G, Aberdeen Proving Gr. 
 Werner, Benjamin — Pvt., Co. D, 336th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. 
 Werner, Edward — Wagoner, Co. G, 20th Engineers. 
 Werner, George H. — 302d Engineers. 
 Werner, Joseph G.— Corp., Battery E, 36th F. A. 
 Werner, Louis A. — Corp., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Wertimer, Sidney — 1st Lieut., 24th Aero Squadron. 
 
 WA October, 1918. 
 Wertz, Guilford S.— 1st Sgt., 505th Aero Squad. 
 Wertz, Harold B.— 1st Lieut., Co. D, 18th Infantry. 
 Wesolik, Max — Sgt., Co. A, 514th Engineers. 
 Werwiebe, Frank L.— Sgt., Co. H, S. A. T. C. 
 Wesolowski, A.— Pvt., Co. G, 307th Field Ambulance. 
 Wesolowski, Martia — Corp., Co. F, 53d Pioneer Inf. 
 Wesolowski, Michael— Pvt., Co. B, 328th Infantry. 
 Wesolowski, William — Pvt. 
 
 Wesp, Milford E. — Sgt., 22d Prov., Camp Humphreys. 
 West, Henry N.— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 West, William— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. WG 
 
 October, 1918. 
 Westby, Frank — Pvt., Aviation Corps. 
 Westcott, Carlton J.— Pvt., Co. C, 304th Tank Corps. 
 
 WA September, 1918. 
 Westphal, Harry G. — Headquarters, 327th Infantry. 
 
 WA, Argonne. 
 Westenberger, Joseph C. — Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 Westfield, John S.— Pvt. 
 
 Westlock, John A.— Pvt., Co. G, 345th Infantry. 
 Westphal, Herbert W.— Pvt., 4th Co., 23d Photo Sec. 
 Westphal, Roy H.— Sgt., Battery F, 13th F. A. 
 Wetter, Edwin J.— Corp., 72d Balloon Co. 
 Wetter, Louis C— Corp., Co. D, 306th Infantry. 
 Whalen, Edward A.— Corp., Battery B, 335th F. A. 
 Whalen, John J.— Pvt., 2d Co., F. A. F. D. 
 Whalley, Edwin — Pvt., Headquarters, 311th Infantry. 
 
 WA October 23, 1918. 
 Wheeler, Daniel L.— Pvt., Co. M, 151st Depot Brig. 
 Wheeler, David R. — Capt., 6th Division. 
 Wheeler, Edward L. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Wheeler, Ernest S.— Colonel, 340th Field Artillery. 
 Wheeler, Frederic E.— 1st Lieut., Battery F, 302d F. A. 
 Wheeler, Harry C— Pvt., 65th R. T. C. 
 Wheeler, John F. — Pvt., Headquarters, 103d Engineers. 
 Wheeler, John S. — Corp., Co. F, 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 Wheeler, Leroy M. — 2d Lieut., 495th Aero Squadron. 
 Wheeler, Willard C— Pvt., Training Co. 22. 
 Wheelock, Carl E.— Pvt., Headquarters, 102d Am. Tr. 
 Whelan, D. W.— Pvt., Co. C, 311th Infantry. WA 
 Whenay, Douglas — Pvt., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 Whinihan, Sylvester M. — Pvt. WA. 
 Whissel, Albert C— Pvt., Co. C, 17th Engineers. WA. 
 Whistler, Lawrence V. — Sgt., Base Hospital 23. 
 Whitbeck, Donald M. — Pvt., American Ambulance Co. 
 Whitby, James L.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 346th Inf. 
 Whitcomb, Howard O. — Pvt. 
 White, Arthur M.--^Sgt., 114th Transport Corps. 
 White, Alexander— Pvt., Co. H, 2d Infantry. 
 White, Arthur E.— Pvt., 18th Co., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 White, Arthur M.— Sgt., Co. E, 309th Infantry. 
 White, Chester A. — Pvt., School Radio Mechanics. 
 
 White, Elmer N.— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. WG. 
 
 September, 1918. 
 White, Frank D.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 White, Fred M.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 348th Inf. 
 White, George F.— Pvt., 303d Military Police. 
 White, George H.— Pvt., Co. F, 27th Coast Artillery C. 
 White, George H.— Corp., Co. B, 19th Battalion, C. E. 
 
 F. W and G August 12, 1917, and April 10, 1918. 
 White, Howard A. — 2d Lieut., U. S. Military Academy. 
 White, John A. — Sgt., Co. A, First Army Replacement 
 
 Depot. 
 White, John E. — Sgt., Air Service. 
 White, Kenneth C— Corp. WA. 
 White, Prescott M.— Pvt., Co. B, 309th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. WA November 8, 1918. 
 White, Ray H. — Corp., Headquarters, C. M. S. 
 White, Richard N.— 1st Lieut., 31st Machine Gun Batt. 
 White, Warner G. — 1st Lieut., Engineer Corps. 
 White, W. F. — Sgt., Royal Engineer Corps. 
 Whitehead, Geo. W. — 2d Lieut., Air Service. 
 Whiting, Lloyd M. — 2d Lieut., Motor Transport Corps. 
 Whitman, Charles — Pvt. 
 
 Whitman, Geo. H.— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Whitney, Charles S.— Pvt. WA. 
 Whitney, Willis. 
 
 Whittaker, Edward D.— Pvt., 63d Royal Transport C. 
 Whittaker, Joseph J.— Pvt. WA. 
 Whittom, Russell N. — Pvt., 2d Battalion Engineers. 
 Wiborg, Abner H.— Sgt., 334th Battalion Tank Corps. 
 Wic, Paul— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Wichowski, Leonard R. — Wagoner, Co. C, 102d Am. Tr. 
 Wick, Albert G.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Wick, Frank M.— Corp., Battery F,36th Field Artillery. 
 Wick, Joseph F.— Pvt., 7th Co., 157th Depot Brigade. 
 Wick, Samuel E.— Corp., Co. E, 29th Engineers. 
 Wicz, John— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry. 
 Widmer, Frank — Sgt., Machine Gun Co., 63d Infantry. 
 Wieczanek, Joseph — Corp., Battery D, 35th F. A. 
 Wieczarek, Ignac L. — Pvt., U. S. Guards. 
 Wiedel, John B.— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry. 
 Wiedeman, Charles A. — Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 
 WA October 31, 1918. 
 Wieder, William — Ist-class Pvt., Medical Detachment. 
 Wiegand, John— Pvt. WA. 
 Wieland, Charles— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 Wieland, Chester P.— Pvt., U. S. Guards. 
 Wieland, David G.— Pvt., 20th Co., 153d Depot Brig. 
 Wieland, Edwin L.— Pvt., Co. H, 346th Infantry. 
 Wieland, Herbert N. — Pvt., Machine Gun Troop, 5th 
 
 Cavalry. 
 Wieland, John— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 Wielgosz, William— Ist-class Pvt., 3d Co., 152d D. Brig. 
 Wielkewicz, Jozef— Pvt., Co. F, 326th Infantry. 
 Wieritsch, Henry— Pvt., 31st Co., 153d Depot Brig. 
 Wiertel, Michael — Pvt., Depot Brigade. 
 Wierun, Thornton B. — Wagoner, Headquarters, 312 Inf. 
 Wierzbowski, Anthony J.— Pvt., Ord. Rep. Shop, 3d Co. 
 Wierzbowski, Vincent K. — Pvt., Co. C, 40th Infantry. 
 Wiese, Oscar— Pvt., Battery F, 334th Field Artillery. 
 Wiesnet, Albert— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry. 
 Weiss, Edwin — Corp., Co. H, 56th Engineers. 
 
608 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Weiss, Godfrey H.— Corp., Co. F, 147th Infantry. WA. 
 
 November 10, 1918. 
 Wietrzynski, John — Pvt., Camp Vail. 
 Wiggins, Howard J. — Corp., 440th Squadron. 
 Wight, WilHam F.— Pvt., Co. A, 303d Infantry. 
 Wightman, Guy W.— Lieut., 149th Field Artillery. 
 Wightman, Robert B. — Pvt., 55th Pioneer Infantry. 
 Wilbur, Paul— Corp. WA November 1, 1918. 
 Wilcovek, George — Co. E, 7th Infantry. WA, Argonne. 
 Wilcox, Raymond J.— Pvt., Co. E, 147th Infantry. WG 
 
 September 30, 1918. 
 Wilczewski, Joseph J. — Pvt. WA. 
 Wilczynski, Bronislaw — Pvt., Co. H, 326th Infantry. 
 
 WG October 10, 1918. 
 Wild, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. I, 35th Engineers. 
 Wild, Henry C— Pvt., Field Hospital 13. 
 Wild, Ray J.— Mechanic, Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 Wilden, Miner F.— Ist-class Sgt., Co. B, 334th Tank C. 
 Wiles, Charles J.— Pvt., Supply Co., 346th Infantry. 
 Wiles, Lynn L.— Pvt., 32d Coast Artillery Corps. 
 Wilgus, Edward P.— Sgt., 106th Supply Train. 
 Wilhelm, Arthur F.— Pvt., 4th Signal Corps. 
 Wilhelm, Fred— Pvt., 311th Inf. WG October, 1918. 
 Wilhelm, Karl— Lieut., 308th Infantry. Wounded. 
 Wiliewski, Wladyslaw — Pvt. WA. 
 Wilker, Leo J.— Pvt., Co. M, 345th Infantry. 
 Wilkes, Edward M. — Seaman, Naval Training Station. 
 Wilkes, Kneeland B. — 2d Lieut., Coast Artillery Corps. 
 Wilkeson, Morton H.— 2d Lieut., M. T. S. 1. 
 Wilkeson, Joseph G. — Cadet, Air Service. 
 Will, Arthur E.— 2d Lieut., Co. G, 325th Infantry. 
 Will, Nicholas R.— Pvt., 312th Ammunition Train. 
 Willard, Charles H.— Pvt., Co. E, 304th Am. Train. 
 Willard, F. B.— Capt., Medical. 
 
 Willert, Peter- Pvt., 39th Co., 10th Training Battalion. 
 Willard, Frederick B. — Capt., Medical Corps. 
 Willert, William— Pvt., Co. M, 146th Infantry. 
 Willerth, Wm. F.— Pvt., 22d Co., 6th Battalion, M. P. 
 Willett, Joseph A. — Pvt., 1st Army Headquarters. 
 Wiliewski, Wladyslaw— Pvt. WA. 
 Willgens, Millard L.— Sgt., Co. F, 4th Motor Supply C. 
 Williams, Allen F.— Pvt., Co. B, 136th Engineers. 
 Williams, Charles — Pvt. 
 
 Williams, Charles— Pvt., Battery F, 306th F. A. 
 Williams, Charles D.— Pvt., Co. E, 61st Infantry. 
 Williams, Charles L.— Pvt., Co. B. 
 Williams, Clarence J.— Pvt., Co. D, 305th Machine 
 
 Gun Battalion. 
 Williams, Edward — Radio Operator. 
 Williams, Emanuel J.— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry. 
 Williams, Frank— Wagoner, Supply Co., 307th Inf. 
 Williams, Frank D.— Pvt. 
 Williams, Frank J.— Sgt., Heavj^ Tank Corps 301. 
 
 Wounded September 29, 1918. 
 Williams, Garnet C. — Pvt., Headquarters, 53d Infantry. 
 Williams, George E. — Pvt., 304th Ammunition Train. 
 Williams, Harry P. — Pvt. 
 
 Williams, Ira F.— Pvt., Co. F, 304th Am. Train. WA. 
 Williams, Irving — 2d Lieut. Unassigned. 
 Williams, Irving S. — Pvt., Co. A, 37th Engineers. 
 Williams, James — Pvt., Headquarters, 1st Division. 
 
 Lieut., Co. I, 26th Infantry. 
 
 Williams, James F. — 2d 
 WA October 5, 1918. 
 
 Williams, John A.— Pvt., Co. D, 102d Engineers. 
 
 Williams, John R.— Pvt., Sanitary Service Unit 562. 
 
 Williams, John R.— Pvt., Co. E, 46th Coast Artillery C. 
 
 Williams, Lawrence G. — 1st Lieut., 304th Am. Train. 
 
 Williams, Martin S.— Co. B, U. S. Guards, 1st Battalion. 
 
 Williams, Reginald V. — Major, 46th Field Artillery. 
 
 Williams, William — Pvt., Base Hospital. 
 
 Williamson, Arthur D. — Sgt., Dept. of Aeronautics. 
 
 Williamson, Eugene E. — Ist-class Pvt., Base Hosp. 23. 
 
 Williamson, Francis E. — Sgt. WA. 
 
 Williamson, John — Sgt., 38th Coast Artillery Corps. 
 
 Williamson, George E.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Williamson, Thos. C— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Am. Train. 
 
 Willig, Celestin E.— Pvt., 301st Motor Transport C. 
 
 Wills, James A.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Willsey, Erwin J. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Wilson, Amos F. — Sgt., 1st Transport Dept. 
 
 Wilson, Charles — Pvt., Headquarters, 327th Infantry. 
 
 Wilson, Charles W.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Wilson, Chester J.— Corp., Co. B, 3ilth Tank Corps. 
 
 Wilson, Frank J. — Corp., Co. B, 3d Prov. Regiment. 
 
 Wilson, Frank L. — Corp., Co. E, 55th Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Wilson, Henry A. — Pvt., Headquarters, 53d Engineers. 
 
 Wilson, James B. — 1st Lieut., Supply Co., 811th Inf. 
 
 Wilson, James F. — Sgt., 38th Coast Artillery Corps. 
 
 Wilson, James T. M. — Pvt., 1st Canadian Tank Battn. 
 
 Wilson, Lawrence R. — Pvt., Headquarters, 347th Inf. 
 
 Wilson, Raymond W. — Corp., Co. D, 305th Machine 
 Gun Battalion. 
 
 Wilson, Richard J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Wilson, Robert J. — Central Officers' Training School, 
 47th Training Battery. 
 
 Wilson, Stewart D.— Pvt., Co. F, 2d Pioneers. 
 
 Wilson, Walter M.— Sgt., Co. A, 4th Battalion, Chem- 
 ical Warfare Service. 
 
 Wilson, Wm. E. — Pvt., Headquarters, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Wimber, Fred G. — Pvt., 53d Transport Corps. 
 
 Wimmer, Edward J. — Pvt., Vocational Unit. 
 
 Wincher, Ellsworth M.— 1st Lieut., Co. L, 319th Infan- 
 try. WA October 12, 1918. 
 
 Windnagle, Warren G. — Pvt., Co. C, Military Police. 
 
 Windisch, Harry E. — Pvt., 8th Co., Machine Gun 
 Training Center. 
 
 Windrath, R. V.— Pvt., Co. B, 31st Engineers. 
 
 Wing, Charles N. — Corp., Co. D, 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Wing, George— Sgt., Co. B, 308th Machine Gun Battn. 
 
 Wing, Horace G. — Pvt., Co. A, 53d Infantry. 
 
 Wingels, Joseph— Pvt., Co. D, 18th Infantry. WA. 
 May 25, 1918. 
 
 Winkler, Albert — Pvt., Co. A, 2d First Army Replace- 
 ment Depot. 
 
 Winkler, Albert J. — Lieut., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Winkler, Edward F.— Pvt., Co. F, 61st Infantry. WA 
 October 13, 1918. 
 
 Winkler, William C— Pvt., Headquarters, S. O. S. 
 
 Winkowski, John— Pvt. WA October 30, 1918. 
 
 Winstel, Edwin L.— Corp., Supply Co., 309th F. A. 
 
 Winstel, Elmer J. — Pvt., 4th Air Service. 
 
 Winstel, Roy L.— Pvt., Co. B, 37th Engineers. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 609 
 
 Winter, Cyril — 1102d Aero Squadron. 
 
 Winter, George A. — Pvt., Co. D, 7th Infantry. 
 
 Winter, Joseph G.— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Ammunition Tr. 
 
 Wintermantel, Jos.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Winters, Chester T.— Pvt., Co. C, 303d Ammunition Tr. 
 
 Winzenried, August A. — Pvt., 481st Motor Trans. C. 
 
 Winzenried, Adolph G.— Pvt., Co. E, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Wiot, Frank C. — Pvt., Co. D, General Headquarters. 
 
 Wirges, Clarence— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Wirges, Ottomar E. — Corp., 3d U. S. Coast Guards. 
 
 Wirges, William F. — Ist-class Pvt., Personnel Office, 
 
 15th Division. 
 Wirth, Carl N. — Cook, Quartermaster Corps. 
 Wirth, Henry F. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Wiscamp, Anthony F. — Corp., 4th Co., 153d Depot B. 
 Wischerath, Lambert J. — 1st Sgt., Quartermaster Corps 
 Wiser, Armand E. — Sgt., Headquarters, 153d Depot B. 
 Wisniewski, Antoni — Pvt., 2d Battalion. 
 Wisniewski, Bernard C. — P\'t., 5th Camp Replacement. 
 Wisniewski, Boleslaw — Pvt., Co. B, 16th Battalion. 
 Wisniewski, Bronislaus — Pvt., 3d Co., 1st Battahon. 
 Wisniewski, Casimer — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Wisniewski, Felix — Pvt., Co. G, 65th Infantry. 
 Wisniewski, Ambrose — Pvt., 64th Co., 153d Depot B. 
 Wisniewski, Bronislaus — Pvt., Co. E, 16th Battalion. 
 Wisniewski, Brownie — Pvt., Co. C, 51st Pioneer Inf. 
 Wisniewski, Frank— Pvt., Co. C, 347th Infantry. 
 Wieniewski, Ignatius — Pvt., 1st Battery, First Army 
 
 Replacement Depot. WA October 20, 1918. 
 Wisniewski, J. M.— P\i;., Co. F, 13th Regiment. 
 Wisniewski, Joseph — Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 Wisniewski, Walter — Pvt., Battery A, 77th F. A. 
 Wister, Oswald P.— Pvt., Co. B, 13th Battalion. 
 Witek, Frank— Pvt., Co. B, 328th Infantry. 
 Witkowski, Frank — Pvt., Co. G, Depot Brigade. 
 Witkowski, Alexander— Pvt., 9th Co., 153d Depot B. 
 Witkowski, Leo E. — Pvt., Co. K, 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 Witkowski, Leon — Pvt., Co. B, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 Witkowski, Walter V.— Sgt., 8th Co., 155th Depot B. 
 Witowski, Frank — Lieut., Camp Hancock. 
 Witowski, Louis — Corp., 9th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 Witt, Elmer A. — Sgt.-Major, 14th First Army Replace- 
 ment Depot. 
 Witte, Carl A.— Sgt., Quartermaster Corps, Camp Dix. 
 Witke, Richard E. — Pvt., 2d First Army Replacement 
 
 Depot. 
 Wittig, Lee F.— Sgt., Headquarters, 312th Am. Train. 
 Wittmer, Edward J. — Pvt., 151st Depot Brigade. 
 Witucki, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. B, 347th Infantry. 
 Witulski, Alexander— Pvt., Co. E, 306th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 13, 1918. 
 Witzel, Albert H.— Pvt., Coast Artillery Corps, 5th 
 
 Art, Engineers. 
 Witzel, Alfred J. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Witzel, Frank M.— Pvt., Motor Transport Corps 616. 
 Wlodarczyk, Andrew — Pvt., Co. A, 348th Infantry. 
 Wlodaeczyk, Joseph — Pvt., Co. K, 7th Infantry. WA 
 
 July 16, 1918. 
 Wockasen, Helmuth F.— Sgt., Supply Co., 49th Inf. 
 Wodarczak, Frank— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry. WG 
 
 September 25, 1918. 
 
 Wodarczyk, Joe — Pvt., Co. K, 7th Infantry. WA 
 
 July 15, 1918. 
 Wodarzak, Joseph — Pvt., 19th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Wode, Valentine— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 Wodehouse, Bruce A.— 2d Lieut., 10th Battn., R. T. C. 
 Wodzukowski, Simeon— Pvt., Battery E, 334th F. A. 
 Woeme, Frederic C— Pvt., Co. C, U. S. Guard. 
 Woefel, Norman F. C— Ist-class Pvt., Co. E, 311th Inf. 
 Woesner, Ralph G.— Pvt., Co. A, 303d Am. Train. 
 Wagenbach, George E. — Pvt., Co. E, 214th Engineers. 
 Wohlleben, Eugene E.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. A, 302d Eng. 
 Wojack, Ignatius V. — Pvt., Headquarters, Guards. 
 
 WA August, 1918. 
 Wojciak, Frank — Pvt. 
 Wojciechowski, Peter P.— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Inf. WA 
 
 November 5, 1918. 
 Wojciechowski, Walter — Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry. 
 Wojciechowski, Walter S.— Pvt., Co. A, 346th Inf. 
 Wojcieszak, Joseph — Pvt., 20th Co., 5th Battalion. 
 Wojcik, Peter — Pvt., U. S. Engineers. WA. 
 Wojcik, Stanislaw — Pvt., Supply Co., 7th Artillery. 
 Wojcinski, Joseph— Pvt., Co. C, 38th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 17, 1918. 
 Wojcinski, L. — Pvt., U. S. General Hospital. 
 Wojczynski, Anthony — Sgt. 
 
 Wojek, John— Pvt., 16th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Wojtowic, A. — Pvt., Engineers Corps. 
 Wojtowicz, George J. — Corp., Battery E, 68th F. A. 
 Wojtkowski, Stanley E.— Pvt., Co. B, 103d Sup. Tr. 
 Wolanski, Henry — Pvt. WA. 
 Wolbrecht, Anthony I. — Corp., Base Hospital 78. 
 
 Wounded November 1, 1918. 
 Wolbrecht, Isidor M.— Pvt., 3d Dep. Battalion. 
 Wolcott, Luther C. — Rec. Officer, Sherman and Texas. 
 Wolf, Arthur H.— Corp., Co. D, 305th Machine Gun B. 
 Wolf, Charles— Pvt., Co. K, 116th Engineers. 
 Wolf, Charles F.— Pvt., Co. C, S. A. T. C. 
 Wolf, Edwin— Pvt., Co. C, 307th Infantry. 
 Wolf, George— Pvt., Co. B, 128th Engineers. 
 Wolf, George J.— Pvt., Co. F, 326th Infantry. 
 Wolf, George J. — Pvt., Det. Aircraft Production. 
 Wolf, John H.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Ammunition Train. 
 Wolf, Martin— Pvt. 
 
 Wolf, Ralph J.— 1st Sgt., S. A. T. C. 
 Wolf, Robert M.— Sgt., Co. A, S. A. T. C. 
 Wolfe, Joseph A. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps, 32d Div. 
 Wolfe, Avery R.— Pvt., S. S. U. 633. 
 
 Awarded Croix de Guerre for carrying away wounded under fire. 
 
 Wolfe, John M.— Pvt., S. C. 34. 
 
 Wolfe, Otis J.— Sgt., 318th Tank Corps. 
 
 Wolff, Carl P.— Pvt., 61st Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Wolff, Carl W.— Bugler, 7th Co., U. S. C. G. 
 
 Wolff, John A. — Limited Service. 
 
 Wolff, Lester E.— Sgt. WA. 
 
 Wolff, William B.— Pvt., Co. A, 303d Supply Train. 
 
 Wolffe, Louis — 2d Lieut., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Wollschlaeger, Edw. H. — Mechanic, Headquarters, 
 
 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Wolriewicz, Ignatius— Pvt., Battery F, 60th F. A. 
 Wolpert, David— Pvt., Co. C, 346th Infantry. 
 Wolput, Donald — Pvt., Camp Zachary Taylor. 
 
610 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Wolski, Henry — Pvt. 
 
 Wolski, Joe— Pvt., Supply Co., 311th Infantry. 
 
 Wolter, Harvey G.— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Wolter, Palmer C— Pvt., Supply Co., 9th Infantry. 
 
 Wonacott, Silas — Pvt., Supply Battery, 77th F. A. 
 
 Wonnacott, Arthur J. — Observer, Brig. Headquarters, 
 163d Infantry. 
 
 Wonnacott, Thomas W. — Pvt., Veteran Detachment. 
 
 Wood, Alton F.— Sgt., Battery B, 32d Field Artillery. 
 
 Wood, Frederick W. — Sgt., Air Service Squadron Y. 
 
 Wood, Harold — Pvt. Wounded. 
 
 Woodward, Arthur G. — Corp., Co. L, 118th Infantry. 
 W October, 1918, St. Souplet. 
 
 Wopperer, Frank C. — Sgt., 820th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Work, William J.— Pvt., Headquarters, 303d Am. Tr. 
 
 Worley, August J.— Pvt., Unit 302 Motor Truck Corps. 
 
 Worlock, Walter B. — Sgt., Headquarters, 37th Engin- 
 eers. WA July 19, 1918. 
 
 Wormer, Thos. A.— Corp., 8th Co., 153d Depot Brig. 
 
 Worthbroker, George — Pvt., General Hospital 13. 
 
 Woss, Anthony— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 306th Inf. 
 
 Wowkowski, Felix — Pvt., Base Hospital 100. 
 
 Woyna, Herman— Pvt., 310th Field Artillery. 
 
 Wozniak, Joseph — Pvt., Headquarters, 51st Pioneer Inf. 
 
 Wozniak, Joseph S.— Pvt., Co. A, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Wozniak, Joseph L. — 1st Lieut., Evacuation Hosp. 31. 
 
 Wozniak, Stanley — Pvt., Headquarters, 30th Infantry. 
 
 Wozniak, Stephen — Pvt., Headquarters, 53d Tank C. 
 
 Wozniak, Steve A. — Pvt., 9th Trench Motor Battery. 
 
 Wozniak, Thaddeus R.— 1st class Pvt., 153d Depot B. 
 
 Wright, Arthur E.— 102d Co., 2d Regiment. 
 
 Wright, Harry J.— Pvt., Co. A, 329th Infantry. 
 
 Wright, John C. — Lieut., Unit 8 Remount. 
 
 Wright, Thew — Major, Medical Corps. 
 
 Wright, Wm. Burnett — Major, Sanitary Corps. 
 
 Wright, Wm. J.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Machine Gun Bn. 
 
 Wrigley, Winfred E. — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps731. 
 
 Wroblewski, Frank- Pvt. WA. October 14, 1918. 
 
 Wroblewski, Stephen L. — Pvt., Co. B, Chemical War- 
 fare Service. 
 
 Wronick, William J.— Pvt., Supply Co., 319th Infantry. 
 
 Wronski, Anastasius— Pvt., Battery A, 336th F. A. 
 
 Wuenst, Edmund M.— Corp., Battery E, 335th F. A. 
 
 Wujek, Ignacy L.— Pvt., Co. H, 319th Infantry. 
 
 Wujek, Leo F.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Wloch, John— Pvt., Co. H, 325th Infantry. 
 
 Wujek, Stanislaus V. — Pvt., First Army Replacement 
 Depot, 1st Battery. 
 
 Wunderlich, Fred— Pvt., Co. E, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Wunderlich, George— Pvt., Co. E, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Wundes, Jay R.— Pvt., Co. E, 305th Infantry. 
 
 Wurster, George F. — Pvt., 160th Depot Brigade. 
 
 Wurster, John— Pvt., Co. D, 148th Infantry. 
 
 Wurstner, Frank— Pvt., Co. D, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Wurzer, Frank- Pvt., Co. A, 311th Infantry. 1st Batt. 
 
 Wutz, Louis — Pvt., 731st Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Wydra, Joseph— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Wylegalo, Frank S.— Pvt. WA July 18, 1918. 
 
 Wylegalo, Leo J. — Corp. WA. 
 
 Wylegalo, Victor B. — 1st Lieut. 
 
 Wyman, Rollin A. — Pvt., 56th Spruce Squadron. 
 
 Wypijewski, Stanley H. — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 WG October 6, 1918. 
 
 Wypy, Frank— Pvt., Co. A, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Wyrymblewski, George — Pvt., Co. A, 1st Army Mili- 
 tary Police Battalion. 
 
 Wysocki, Anthony F.— Pvt., Co. G, 306th Infantry. 
 Missing in action. 
 
 Wyzykowski, Joseph — Pvt., Co. B, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Yaeger, Adolph C. — Pvt. Wounded. 
 
 Yallowich, Isaac M.— Acting Sgt., Co. G, 311th. 
 
 Yans, Herman L. — Sgt., Motor Transport Corps 803. 
 
 Yecker, Francis A. — Provost Guard. 
 
 Yecker, George J. — Co. G, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Yecker, Louis E. — 7th Co., 2d Battery Depot Brigade. 
 
 Yelen, Michael M. — Pvt., Headquarters, 55th F. A. 
 
 Yellen, Hiram S.— Lieut., Ambulance 321, 306th Sani- 
 tary Train. 
 
 Yellen, Jack S.— Pvt., Training Battery 41, Field Artil- 
 lery, Central Officers' Training School, Camp Zachary 
 Taylor, Louisville, Ky. 
 
 Yelvington, Jess Rosco — Pvt., Co. B, Signal. 
 
 Yentzen, John — Wagoner. WA. 
 
 Yiengst, George B.— Sgt., 1st Battery, F. A. R. R. 
 
 Yost, Alexander— Pvt., Co. C, 6th Battalion. WA. 
 
 Yost, Carl A.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Yost, Frederick D.— Machine Gun Co., 309th Inf. WA 
 October 19, 1918. 
 
 Yost, Joseph B. — Pvt., Engineers. 
 
 Yost, Wm.— Pvt., Co. C, 6th Battalion. G Oct. 9, 1918. 
 
 YouU, James J.— Pvt., Co. B, Tank Corps, 326th Gun. 
 
 Youll, Roy A. — Sgt., 4th Detach. Aviation Corps. 
 
 Youmans, Charles D.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. F, 23d Inf. 
 
 Young, Albert W.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th. 
 
 Young, Alfred A.— 2d Lieut., Co. A, 62d Pioneers. 
 
 Young, Arthur— Co. G, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Young, Charles A. — Corp., Headquarters, 11th First 
 Army Replacement Depot. 
 
 Young, Charles A.— Pvt., Co. C, 148th Infantry. 
 
 Young, Clayton — Pvt., Medical Department, 148th 
 Infantry, Machine Gun Co. WG September 27th 
 and October 29, 1918. 
 
 Young, David G.— Co. G, 19th. 
 
 Young, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Young, George J.— Sgt., 20th Field Artillery. 
 
 Young, Herbert J. — 299th Aero Squadron, Carnegie 
 Tech., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Young, Jacob — Sgt., Medical Corps. 
 
 Young, Jacob J. — Cook. WA. 
 
 Young, John F. — Sgt.-Major, Co. A, Aero Squadron. 
 
 Young, Raymond J. — Co. G, Squadron G, Squadron, 
 Kelly Field, Tex. 
 
 Young, Roy E.— Pvt., 18th Battery, 75th Regiment. 
 
 Young, William F., Jr.— Corp., Co. C, 148th Infantry. 
 
 Young, William J.— Pvt., Co. F, 103d Engineers. 
 
 Youngman, Elmer G. H.— Pvt., 419th Depot Detch. 
 
 Yousett, Irving J.— Corp., Co. G, 307th Am. Train Co. 
 
 Yousett, John P. — Wagoner, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Yuhnke, Louis J.— Corp., Co. D, 303d Supply Train. 
 
 Yuhnke, Melvin H.— Pvt., Co. F, 307th. 
 
 Zabaldo, Charles — Base Hospital, Camp Hancock. 
 
 Zabel, Frederick W. — Inspector, Veterinary Corps. 
 
U. S. Army 
 
 611 
 
 Zackrzewski, John — Pvt., Co. P, 19th Engineers. 
 
 Zagrovnek, Mad.— Pvt., Co. C, 115th U. S. Infantry. 
 WA October 25, 1918. 
 
 Zahn, John A.— P\i;., 307th F. T. and H. Co. 
 
 Zallei, Ned E.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Zajac, Frank— 309th Infantry. 
 
 Zajac, Stanislaus — Pvt., Co. A, 346th U. S. Infantry. 
 
 Zajac, Stanley T.— Pvt., Co. C, 346th U. S. Infantry. 
 
 Zakowski, John F.— Pvt., Co. 9, Trench Mortar Batt. 
 
 Zakowski, Stephen — Pvt., 7th Co., Training Battalion. 
 
 Zakszeski, Eugen — Pvt., 11th Co., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Zalikowski, Frank F.— Pvt., Co. D, Machine Gun Bat- 
 talion, 6th Battalion. 
 
 Zalikowski, Tony W.— Pvt., 302d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Zamiara, William — Rec. Ship Annex, 1st Sec, 5th Div. 
 
 Zamuski, Joseph R. — Pvt., Bakery 8. 
 
 Zanchowicz, Bronislaus— Pvt., 10th Co., 3d R. D. Dev. 
 
 Zandy, Theodor^Cook, 4th Co., M. G. T. C. 
 
 Zaskowski, John Frank— Pvt., 17th 2d Battery. 
 
 Zawadski, Kazimier — Pvt., Field Remount Squad. 342. 
 
 Zawadski, Louis — Reg. Sup. Sgt., 354th Infantry. 
 
 Zbyszewski, Stanley — Pvt., Ordnance Department. 
 
 Zawieruszynski, Joseph P. — Pvt., Co. A, 346th Inf. 
 
 Zdrojewski, Bronislaus — Corp., Co. C, 307th U. S. Inf. 
 
 Zdrojewski, Stefan — Pvt. 
 
 Zeitler, Edwin J. — Musician, Headquarters, 302d Eng. 
 
 Zeller, Nicholas J.— Pvt., Co. H, 329th U. S. Infantry. 
 
 Zeman, John W.— Pvt., Co. F, 102d Engineers. 
 
 Zenger, Edward J.— Pvt., 147th U. S. Motor Supply. 
 
 Zenger, George F.— Pvt., 469th Tank Corps. 
 
 Zenner, Robert Adam— Pvt., Co. E, 150th D. Brigade. 
 
 Zenner, Walter P.— Pvt., Headquarters, 312th Sup. Tr. 
 
 Zerkowski, Adam — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Zerkowski, Andrew — Corp., Battery B, 11th F. A. 
 
 Zesut, Adam — Pvt., Co. B, 1st Camp Gordon. 
 
 Zglinicki, Frank— Pvt., B-lOth Battalion V. S. G. 
 
 Zraikowski, Thomas — 22d Co., 6th Battery, Camp Dix, 
 Military Police. 
 
 Ziburske, August— Pvt., Co. C, 306th U. S. Infantry. 
 
 Ziefski, Frank — Pvt. Prisoner. 
 
 Ziegler, William P.— Pvt., Co. A, 162d U. S. Infantry. 
 
 Zielinsk 
 Zielinsk 
 
 Al. P.— Pvt., 311th U. S. Infantry. 
 Edmund B.— Pvt., Co. I, 7th Infantry. 
 
 Zielinski, John— Pvt., Co. H, 322d Inf. WA, Verdun. 
 
 Zielinski, Leonard E. — Pvt., 2d Regiment. 
 
 Zielinski, Vincent V.— Corp., Co. B, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Cited for extraordinary heroism, at St. Juvin, October 15, 1918. 
 Distinguished Service Cross, Croix de Guerre. 
 
 Zielinski, Vincent H. — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Zielinski, Walter — Medical Reserve. 
 
 Zieman, August — 346th U. S. Infantry. 
 
 Ziems, Herbert H.— Pvt., Co. F, 35th Engineers. WA. 
 
 Ziemski, John G.— Pvt., Headquarters, 345th U. S. Inf. 
 
 Zientawski, Chester— Pvt., Co. C, 7th U. S. Infantry. 
 
 WA June, 1917. 
 Zilbauer, John— Pvt., Headquarters, 311th U. S. Inf. 
 Zilch, C. H.— Corp., Co. A, 62d Engineers. 
 Zillgitt, Albert— Pvt., Co. B, N. S. G. 13th B. 
 Zillox, Albert L. 
 
 Zimmer, Edw. — Co. C, 103d Machine Gun Battahon. 
 Zimmer, Edward P.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Zimmer, George — Pvt., Aviation Corps. 
 Zimmer, Harry M.— Corp., Co. L, 348th U. S. Inf. 
 Zimmerman, Abraham J. — Co. A, 309th Infantry. 
 Zimmerman, Arthur C. — Pvt., 202d Aero Squadron. 
 Zimmerman, August C— Corp., 6th Batt., 24th M. P. 
 Zimmerman, Charles J. — Chemical Warfare Service. 
 Zimmerman, Earl G.— Pvt., Co. I, 7th U. S. Infantry. 
 Zimmerman, George J. — Pvt., Quartermaster, 316th S. 
 Zimmeiman, Joseph J. — Pvt., 87th Division Dental Un. 
 Zimmerman, Walter R.— Pvt., 304th U. S. Artillerj'. | 
 Zimmerman, William S. — Pvt., Co. E, Port Clinton, O. 
 Zimmerman, William — Pvt., 424th Casual Infantry. 
 Zimmick, Rudolph— Corp., Co. C, U. S. Guard, 14th B. 
 Zimpfer, Edward L.— Corp., S. A. T. C. 
 Zimpher, Elmer C. — Pvt., Headquarters, 147th Inf. 
 Zimpfer, Louis M. — Pvt., Co. E, Infantry. 
 Zimpfer, William G.— Pvt., Co. E, Supply Train. 
 Zinner, Elmer E.— Lieut., A. S. A. P. 
 Zink, Leo M. — Cook, 312th Ammunition Train. 
 Zingsheim, Frederick — Capt., Motor Corps. 
 Ziolkowski, Anthony — Corp., 363d Field Bakery. 
 Zittel, George N.— Pvt., 9th Co., 1st Prov. 0. T. C. 
 Zittel, Harry J.— Corp., Co. M, 306th U. S. Infantry. 
 Zittel, Harold E.— Base Hospital 23. 
 Zitter, Charles M.— Pvt., Co. H, 348th Infantry. 
 Zobrest, John C. — Pvt., 22d Quartermaster Corps, 
 
 Camp Johnston. 
 Zmoszynski, Michael — Pvt. WA. 
 Zoeller, Frank— Pvt., Co. C, 346th U. S. Infantry. 
 Zoenglein, Henry — Pvt., 1st Depot Brigade. 
 Zokszeski, Stephen — Sgt., Headquarters, 18th Det. 
 Zoldowski, Joseph— Pvt., 312th U. S. Infantry. 
 Zolkiewicz, Frank — Pvt. WA. 
 Zollerson, Joseph — Cook, 541st Motor Truck Co. 
 Zolmierowski, Joseph — Pvt., 309th U. S. Infantry. 
 Zook, Howard — Pvt., F^rst Army Replacement Depot. 
 Zorm, Frank L.— Pvt., 311th U. S. Infantry. WA. 
 
 October, 1918. 
 Zraikowski, Thomas — Pvt., Camp Dix, Military Police. 
 Zrenner, Elmer C. — Radio Electrician, 229th Air 
 
 Squadron Aviation. 
 Zucaratti, James— Pvt., Co. D, U. S. Guards, 35th Bn. 
 Zuegel, Charles F. — Pvt., 125th Engineers Corps. 
 Zuegel, Ernest— Ist-class Cook, Sup. Co., 18th U. S. Inf. 
 Zuegel, Fred D. — Sgt., Co. B, Motor Transport Corps. 
 Zuefle, Herbert C— Pvt., 378th Co., Motor Truck Cps. 
 Zugger, George J.— 1st Sgt., 45th Co., 12th Battery, 
 
 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Zulewski, Stanley F.— Guard Fire, 330. 
 Zulueske, Leonard E. — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Zink, Fred F.— Pvt., Salvage Det., Camp Dix. 
 Zwickey, J. Howard — Sgt., U. S. Base Hospital Center. 
 Zwing, Joseph — Co. B, 502d Engineers. 
 Zydewski, John J.— Pvt., Co. A, 16th Battalion. 
 Zygan, Balestau— Pvt., 23d Co. 
 Zygmnist, Walter R.— Pvt., Battery B, 9th Regiment, 
 
 3d Brigade. 
 Zygmunt, Frank — Pvt., Co. K, 59th Pioneers. 
 Zylinicki, F.— Pvt., Co. B, U. S. Guards. 
 Zymorzenski, Mike— Pvt., Co. E, 31 1th U. S. Inf. WA, 
 Zytewick, John S. — Pvt. Woundtd. 
 
108th regiment U. S. INFANTRY 
 
 REGIMENTAL HEADQUARTERS FIELD STAFF 
 Bagnall, Henry D. — Major. 
 Cadotte, Damase J. — Captain, Personnel Officer. Ward, John C. — Lieutenant, Chaplain. 
 
 Ziegler, Edwin G. Captain, Operation Officer. 
 
 Cited for exceptionally meritorious service characterized by untir- 
 ing zeal and intelligent grasp of his duties demonstrated in the 
 battle of the Hindenburg Line, France, September 29, 1918, and in 
 other engagements in which his regiment participated. 
 
 HEADQUART 
 
 Bloomer, Frank H. — 1st Lieut. 
 
 Brecht, Elmer P.— 1st Lieut. 
 
 Lelns, Charles — 2d Lieut. 
 
 Anderson, Gustaf A.— Sgt. G October 16, 1918. 
 
 Babcock, Arden C— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Bach, George — Sgt. 
 
 Bates, Frank E.—Pvt. 
 
 Budniak, Leo S.^Pvt. WA September 29, 1919. 
 
 Burley, Norman — Pvt. 
 
 Burns, Thomas F. — Mechanic. 
 
 Carson, Melvin R. — Pvt. 
 
 Chamberlain, Horace D. — Corp. WA October 13, 
 
 1918. 
 Capana, Frank — Pvt. 
 Campano, M. A.— WA September 29, 1918. 
 Chassen, Chester A.— Corp. G October 16, 1918. 
 Chudy, Alex.— Pvt. 
 
 Colvin, Allen D.— Pvt. G October 15, 1918. 
 Coniglio, Frank— Pvt. G September 10, 1918. 
 Covey, Ansel C. — Pvt. 
 Crowley, Joseph V. — Pvt. Injured September 6, 
 
 1917. 
 Cush, Edward F. — Corp. 
 Daly, J. Raymond — Sgt. 
 Douris, Stanley — Des. Bearer. 
 Doyle, Harold C— Corp. 
 Drumm, Frank A. — Pvt. 
 Dunlop, Jack — Corp. 
 Edmonds, Louis B. — Musician. 
 Fossett, Pierce J.— Pvt. WA October 15, 1918. 
 Fox, Albert E.— 1st Sgt. 
 Gardiner, Robert B.— Pvt. WA September 29, 
 
 1918. 
 Green, Alfred St. G.— Sgt. 
 Greenleaf, George S. — Sgt. 
 
 Cited for courage in the battle of the Hindenburg Line September 
 29, 1918. 
 
 Gylfe, Frederick— Sgt. 
 
 Hall, Norman M.— Pvt. 
 
 Harrison, Clarence — Pvt. 
 
 Hill, William F.— Pvt. 
 
 Hoist, Charles W., Jr.— Pvt. 
 
 Hooper, Walter P.— Sgt. 
 
 Impey, Lome — Pvt. G September, 1918. 
 
 Jacobson, Harry A.— Pvt. G October 15, 1918. 
 
 Johnson, Clarence — Pvt. 
 
 Jones, Elliot R.— Pvt. 
 
 D. S. C. for extraordinary heroism in action September 29 and 
 October 17, 1918. Wounded in action October 17, 1918, at LeSelle 
 River. 
 
 Shea, Ed. C— Regimental Color Sgt. 
 
 ERS COMPANY 
 
 Jones, Russel J. — Musician. 
 
 Kaiser, Curt E.— Ist-class Pvt. WA October 3, 1918. 
 
 Keller, Hugh E.— Sgt. 
 
 Kideney, Robert — Pvt. 
 
 Kirn, Frank — Pvt. 
 
 Le Chappel, Robert — Pvt. 
 
 Lehman, Lewis R.— Pvt. G October, 1918. 
 
 Lewandosky, Walter — Pvt. 
 
 Lyall, John A. — Pvt. Injured January 19, 1919. 
 
 Mason, Carleton B. — Corp. 
 
 McCaffrey, Leo J. — Corp. 
 
 McCue, Clarence W. — Pvt. 
 
 McDowell, Walter— Pvt. 
 
 McPherson, Edward G. — Pvt. 
 
 Nasca, Peter F. — Pvt. 
 
 Parker, Jason E.—Pvt. WA September 30, 1918. 
 
 Peters, John H.— Pvt. 
 
 Peterson, Albert — Pvt. 
 
 Plummer, Ernest W. — Corp. 
 
 Power, Wm. A. — Sgt. 
 
 Raines, Clifford— Pvt. 
 
 Rost, Edwin C— Pvt. 
 
 Schafer, Harold A. — Corp. 
 
 Schlotzer, Charles R.— Sgt. 
 
 Schlotzer, William E.— Sgt. 
 
 Schultz, Bernard F. — Band Leader. 
 
 Schweikart, Lloyd — Pvt. 
 
 Shearer, John I. — Sgt. 
 
 Sherman, James W. — Pvt. 
 
 Simon, Charles — Pvt. 
 
 Sippel, Edward G.— Sgt. 
 
 Spawton, Frederick G. — Adj. 
 
 Stevens, William — Corp. 
 
 Thompson, Clifford — Corp. 
 
 Turner, George A.— Sgt. WA October 17, 1918. 
 
 Van Den Vouver, Howard — Corp. WA September 7, 
 
 1918. 
 Varley, Lawrence — Pvt. 
 Vetter, Harold J.— Sgt. WA October, 1918. 
 Vogelson, Herbert H. — Corp. 
 Walsh, James A. — Pvt. 
 Warner, Alfred R.— Pvt. 
 Weppner, Raymond — Pvt. 
 Whitney, Willis— Pvt. WA October 15, 1918. 
 Wilber, Paul— Pvt. 
 
 Yeager, Walter J.— Pvt. GW October 17, 1918. 
 Zielinski, Thaddeus— Pvt. G September 29, 1918. 
 
108th Regiment, U. S. Infantry 
 
 613 
 
 MACHINE GUN COMPANY 
 
 Golden, William G.— Lieut. 
 
 Burns, Allen — Pvt. 
 
 Carroll, Andrew D.— Corp. GW September 29, 1918. 
 
 Coonly, Edward R.— Pvt. 
 
 Dawer, Ernest G. — Sgt. 
 
 Edwards, Alph J.— Pvt. 
 
 Fisher, Carl A. — Corp. 
 
 Caviller, Lloyd — Corp. 
 
 Glanz, Emmet A.— Corp. G September 30, 1918. 
 
 Colt, John R.— Sgt. WA September 29, 1918, Hinden- 
 
 burg Line. 
 Hilts, Joseph B.^Pvt. 
 Lebert, Charles — Pvt. 
 Martin, Joseph D. — Mechanic. 
 
 Potter, George — Capt. 
 
 French War Cross. 
 
 WG October 10, 1918. 
 
 Fast, Harold R. — 1st Lieut. 
 Dubois, Leo F.— Pvt. 
 Gamier, Harry B. — Pvt. 
 Holmes, Leslie — Pvt. 
 Karpinski, Frank — Sgt. 
 
 Lapetina, Anthony — Pvt. 
 
 Roberts, Gerald C.~Pvt. 
 
 Roberts, Robert H.— Sgt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Roland, Frederick — Pvt. 
 
 Schaffer, Ralph— Pvt. 
 
 Schmitt, Herbert — Sgt. 
 
 Spiller, Earl A.— Cook. 
 
 Stanfenbeil, Earl— Ist-class Pvt., WA Oct. 17, 1918. 
 
 Trowbridge, Lewis C. — Sgt. 
 
 Whittaker, Joseph I.— Pvt. WA October 17, 1918. 
 
 Wieland, Charles— Pvt. 
 
 Wieland, Edward. 
 
 Yatteau, George — Corp. 
 
 COMPANY 
 
 Kreger, Herman F. — Sgt. 
 McGill, Joseph E.— Sgt. 
 Overdorf, Joseph — Wagoner. 
 Scicchitani, Frank — Mechanic. 
 Wilber, Cecil F.— Pvt. 
 
 MEDICAL DETACHMENT 
 
 Norton, Henry M.— Pvt. WA October 16, 1918. 
 
 SUPPLY 
 
 Cited for gallantry and determination in battle of the Hindenburg 
 Line, France, September 29, 1919. 
 
 Robinson, Joseph H. — Capt. 
 Sheeley, William R. — 1st Lieut. 
 
 Cited for courage and skill as a scout officer in battle of Hindenburg 
 Line September 29, 1918, and in battle of Le Selle River October 
 17, 1918. 
 
 Kless, John B. — 2d Lieut. 
 
 Bilitski, John F.— Sgt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Awarded D. S. C. for extraordinary heroism in action in battle of 
 the Hindenburg Line September 29, 1918. 
 
 Brocius, Harry R.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Colgrove, Geo. E. — Sgt. 
 
 Connors, Harold E.— Sgt. WA October 1, 1918. 
 
 Cuppone, Joseph D. — Pvt. 
 
 Currey, Frank P. — Corp. 
 
 Czajka, Jos. M. — Pvt. 
 
 Drake, Ned E. — Corp. 
 
 Drew, Frank F.— Pvt. WA October 27, 1918. 
 
 Duncan, Edward A. — 1st Sgt. 
 
 Awarded D. S. C. for extraordinary heroism in action east of 
 Ronssoy, Hindenburg Line, September 29, 1918. 
 
 Finnigan, Francis R. — Cook. 
 Finsterbach, Edward J. — Pvt. 
 
 Scanlon, Earl J.— Pvt. 
 
 COMPANY A 
 
 Finsterbach, Howard E. — Corp. 
 
 Fisher, A. J.— 1st Sgt. 
 
 Fitzpatrick, Rober O. — Sgt. 
 
 Gaiwski, William — Pvt. 
 
 Gosdek, Charles— Pvt. 
 
 Hackett, Albert G.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Hainer, Harlan H. — Pvt. 
 
 Harrington, Maurice F. — Pvt. 
 
 Hartman, Jno F. — Corp. 
 
 Jones, Orlando H. — Pvt. 
 
 Keller, Daniel J. — Corp. 
 
 Kocz, Stanislaw — Pvt. 
 
 Lanzalago, Pasey — Pvt. 
 
 McGowan, Joseph P.— Pvt. WA September 29, 19U 
 
 Morgan, Thos. E.— Pvt. 
 
 Nusbaum, Jacob — Sgt. 
 
 Radice, Graytion A. — Pvt. 
 
 Reiley, John— Pvt. WA October 17, 1918. 
 
 Westfield, Carlton— Pvt. 
 
 Rittner, Arthur P.— Sgt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Wujek, Leo F.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 COMPANY B 
 
 Wright, Richard D. — Lieut. 
 
 Banaziak, Stephen — Pvt. 
 
 Bartz, Millard A.— Pvt. WA October 17, 1918. 
 
 Bliss, Harold F.— Pvt. 
 
 Bowler, William — Pvt. 
 
 Butler, Earl H.— Corp. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Campbell, Edward— Pvt. 
 
 Carey, George — Ist-class Pvt. WA October 15, 1918. 
 
 Cunningham, Edward — Pvt. 
 
 Ertman, John — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Faltisco, Frank— Pvt. WA July 3, 1918. 
 
 Hagelin, Howard A. — Pvt. 
 Hawkins, Paul H.— Sgt. 
 
 Cited for courage and determination in leading a patrol effectively 
 against an enemy detachment near St. Souplet, October 14, 1918. 
 
 Jackson, Joseph J.^Pvt. WA September, 1918. 
 Kennedy, Harold L. — Corp. 
 
 Cited for courage and determination and inspiring example in 
 holding his Lewis gun post alone in the extreme front after all others 
 of his detachment had been wounded or gassed. 
 
 Kobus, Francis A. — Pvt. 
 Kreger, Herman F. — Pvt. 
 Lexinger, Edward — Pvt. 
 
614 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Company 
 MacPherson, William J. — Pvt. 
 Max, William — Pvt. 
 McAndrews, William — Pvt. 
 McDonough, Thomas F. — Corp. 
 
 Cited for courage as a liason agent in the battle of the Le Selle River, 
 France, October 17, 1918. 
 
 McGrory, Matthew — Pvt. 
 
 Murphy, Henry J. — Pvt. 
 
 Nemec, John A. — Pvt. 
 
 Noble, Charles A. — Corp. 
 
 Norton, Michael J. — Pvt. 
 
 Panish, Michael — Pvt. 
 
 Petzon, Arthur E.— Ist-class Pvt. WA October, 1918. 
 
 Cited for courage and determination near St. Souplet, France 
 
 B— Con. 
 Rathburn, Charles E.— Pvt. 
 Reich, Elmer E.— Pvt. WA October 21, 1918. 
 Reuben, Chason— Pvt. WA October 17, 1918. 
 Ruckdeschel, Howard E. — Pvt. 
 Schroeder, Herbert — Pvt. 
 Seeley, Louis — Pvt. 
 
 Shipman, Harold L.— Pvt. WA October, 1918. 
 Stevens, Leo— Pvt. WG September 29, 1919. 
 Thines, Charles S. — Corp. 
 Vogenauer, George — Pvt. 
 
 Walsh, William C— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 Welch, William— Pvt. 
 
 October 14, 1918. 
 
 COMPANY C 
 
 Shaw, Lyman A.— 1st Lieut. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 DeRade, William T.— 2d Lieut. WA October 17, 1918. 
 
 Backert, Stanley — Pvt. 
 
 Brown, WiUiam T.— Pvt. WA September 26, 1918. 
 
 Cudebec, Claude L.— Sgt. 
 
 Daverne, John M. — Pvt. 
 
 Doscher, Raymond C. — Pvt. 
 
 Drake, William B.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Fox, Dewey W. — Pvt. 
 
 Galligher, Edward L.— Sgt. WA. 
 
 Gantt, Walter A.— Pvt. 
 
 Hoffman, Henry S.— Pvt. 
 
 Krieke, Richard D. S.— Ist-cl. Pvt. WG Sept. 27, 1918. 
 
 Kubiak, Vincent — Pvt. 
 
 Malechi, Ignatius — Corp. 
 
 McCauley, Francis E.— Corp. WG September 29, 1918. 
 
 Miemiec, John— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Miller, Joseph — Cook. 
 
 Muth, Carl F.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Ratigan, Frank L.— Pvt. WA October 19, 1918. 
 
 Reynolds, Harold — Cook. 
 
 Reynolds, Elgin H. — Corp. 
 
 Schafen, Howard— Pvt. WA October, 1918. 
 
 Schwartz, Charles — Corp. 
 
 Sesnie, Edward A.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918, 
 
 Hindenburg Line. 
 Usinger, Jacob — Sgt. 
 Wicks, Carl 0.— Corp. WA September, 1918. 
 
 COMPANY D 
 
 Donnocker, Charles J. — Captain. 
 
 Awarded British M. C. Cited for specially meritorious service 
 while a 1st Lieutenant in the capture of the South Guillemont 
 trench in the battle of the Hindenburg Line, September 29, 1918. 
 
 Page, Cecil H.— 1st Lieut. WA September 29, 1918. 
 Johnston, Lloyd B. — 2d Lieut. 
 Blanchard, Wilham H.— Pvt. WA August 8, 1918. 
 Brennan.Geo. A.— Corp. WAAug. 27,1918, September 
 
 29, 1918. 
 Brereton, Charles A. — Pvt. 
 Breton, Charles A. — Pvt. 
 Butler, Earl H.— Sgt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 Byers, Frank E. — Mechanic. WA November 17, 1918. 
 Crotty, John J.— Sgt. WA October 17, 1918. 
 Cullen, Edward A. — Corp. 
 Diebold, Edward— Pvt. WA. 
 Dobmeier, George — Sgt. 
 Dobmeier, Joseph — Sgt. 
 
 Dunlop, Samuel— Corp. WA October 17, 1918. 
 Durshordive, William — Pvt. 
 Ertel, Henry E.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 Fassnidge, J. T. — Cook. 
 Fioella, Andy J.— Sgt. 
 Fiqrella, Andrew — Pvt. 
 Griesbaum, Arthur N. — Corp. 
 Hainer, Walter— Pvt. WA October 18, 1918. 
 Haskins, Harold W.— Pvt. WG September 29, 1918. 
 Iverson, Jacob — Corp. 
 Jepson, Samuel — Pvt. 
 Johnson, Zalmer A. — Pvt. 
 
 Kalbach, Paul A.— Corp. WA October 16, 1918. 
 
 Kammerer, Edw. F.— Corp. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Kniller, Carl G.— Sgt. 
 
 Kueckle, Julius 0. — Sgt. 
 
 Kraus, Elmer A.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Kuhn, Edward — Pvt. 
 
 Krehl, Emil P.— Pvt. 
 
 Kumpf, Clarence J.— Mechanic. WA Sept. 29, 1918. 
 
 Latham, Edward C. — Pvt. 
 
 Lord, Leo A. — Sgt. 
 
 Lux, Henry W.— Sgt. 
 
 Morton, George H.— Corp. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Murray, James V. — Pvt. 
 
 Neidrauer, William N. — Cook. 
 
 Newman, Lewis E.— Pvt. WA August 28, 1918. 
 
 Nixon, Harold — Pvt. 
 
 Reichert, Edmund — Pvt. 
 
 Spears, John L. — Pvt. 
 
 Sprares, John H.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Starks, Leo 0.— Sgt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Sweeney, Thomas E. — Corp. 
 
 Thomas, WiUiam— Corp. WA October 14, 1918. 
 
 Tonking, Marshall C— Pvt. WG October 17, 1918. 
 
 Warner, George E. — Pvt. 
 
 Warren, Sterhng Mc— Sgt. WG September 29, 1918. 
 
 Welch, John H.— Pvt. 
 
 Wells, Harold B.— Sgt. WG September 29, 1918. 
 
 White, Oscar H.— Sgt. 
 
 Wittlief , Frederick A. — Corp. 
 
108th Regiment, U. S. Infantry 
 
 615 
 
 COMPANY E 
 
 Taggert, Wm. E.— 1st Lieut. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 McKay, Robert J.— 2d Lieut. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Neill, Ra>Tnond A.— 1st Lieut. WG September 29, 1918. 
 
 Cole, George H.~Pvt. 
 
 Crumb, Floyd C— Pvt., Cherry Creek. 
 
 Harkins, Howard J. — Pvt. 
 
 Lyons, Bert C— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 McGill, Joseph E.— Sgt. W^A August 29, 1918. 
 Measor, John W. — Pvt., Cherry Creek. 
 Moore, Clayton C. — Pvt. 
 Sanders, Smith D.— Pvt. 
 
 Cited for courage and inspiring example in battle of Hindenburg 
 Line, France, September 29, 1918. 
 
 Stone, Robert — Sgt. 
 
 COMPANY F 
 
 WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 King, DeLancey — 1st Lieut. 
 Finneran, John — Pvt. 
 
 Cited for courage and determination during the battle of the Hin- 
 denburg Line, France, September 29, 30, 1918. 
 
 Green, Alfred St. G.— Sgt. G September 29, 1918. 
 Hanover, Harold C. — Corp. 
 
 McKay, Charles — Pvt. 
 
 Cited for assuming charge of a ration party after the corporal had 
 been wounded, near Mount Kmmel, Belgium, August 7, 1918. 
 
 Sinclair, Allan — Sgt. 
 Smith, William F.— Sgt. 
 
 COMPANY G 
 
 Keane, Thomas V. — Capt. Shell-shock September 1918. 
 
 Moyer, Chas. J. — Capt. 
 
 O'Rourke, Harrison E. — 1st Lieut. 
 
 Wallace, Geo. F.^lst Lieut. 
 
 Barnhard, Frank E. — Corp. 
 
 Conboy, Robert F.— Sgt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Curry, Thomas D.— Pvt. 
 
 Czyzewski, Edward — Pvt. 
 
 Deck, Paul. 
 
 Dillon, George E.— Pvt. 
 
 Doeing, Frank J. — Ist-class Pvt. 
 
 Donaldson, Robert W.— Ist-cl. Pvt.WA Sept. 29, 1918. 
 
 Ehrhardt, George — Pvt. 
 
 Ehrhardt, Otto— Pvt. 
 
 Glover, Raymond C— Sgt. W September 29, 1918. 
 
 Halt, J. M.— Cook. 
 
 Hoppy, Howard. 
 
 Heegmeier, Faron B.— Pvt. G October 17, 1918. 
 
 Lennon, James — Sgt. WA September 30, 1918. 
 
 Lutz, Edward P.— Pvt. 
 
 Milburn, Thomas — Pvt. 
 
 Mullen, John T.— Corp. 
 
 Murphy, Daniel J.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Nickerson, George D. — Machinist. 
 
 Prior, George — Pvt. 
 
 Rozek, Felix— Pvt. 
 
 Sisson, Walter L. — Pvt. 
 
 Strauss, Otto— Pvt. WG September 29, 1918, Hinden- 
 burg Lines. 
 
 Szymanski, Edwin C— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918, 
 Hindenburg Line. 
 
 Thompson, Louis G. — Pvt. 
 
 Witkowski, Jno — Pvt. 
 
 Wootton, Maurice — Corp. 
 
 Young, Jacob J. — Corp. WA June and October, 1918. 
 
 Czyzewski, Edward— Pvt. G September 29, 1918. 
 
 COMPANY H 
 
 Berk, Abe— Pvt. WA October 29, 1918. 
 
 Burgard, Benjamin F. — Corp. 
 
 Colgrove, William H.— Pvt. 
 
 Cooter, Edwin— Pvt. WA October 2, 1918. 
 
 Croad, Harry — Corp. 
 
 Cutting, Arthur R. — Sgt. 
 
 Cited for coolness and qualities of leadership under fire in the battle 
 of the Hindenburg Line, France, September 29-30, 1918. 
 
 Dreher, Rudolph, Jr.— Pvt. G WA. Drowned at Buf- 
 falo, June 28, 1919. 
 Ducette, Louis F. — Pvt. 
 Florian, Frank.— Pvt. WA October 17, 1918. 
 Geyer, Peter H.— Corp. WA September 29, 1918. 
 Goetz, Arthur F.— Pvt. 
 Griscon, Peter J.— Pvt. G October 18, 1918. 
 Hall, Frank C— Pvt. 
 Hens, Bernard J. — Pvt. 
 
 Hermann, Robt. G.— Sgt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 Kearn, John J.— Pvt. G September 29, 1918. 
 Kirn, James P. — Ist-class Pvt. 
 Kirn, Thomas M. — Ist-class Pvt. 
 Klupp, Frank J.— Corp. WA September 29, 1918. 
 Lazarus, Louis — Ist-class Pvt. G October 14, 1918. 
 
 -Corp. G^ctober 14, 1918. 
 WA September 28, 1918. 
 
 McLaughlin, Edward L.- 
 Meixell, James C. — Pvt. 
 Negowski, Aloizy — Corp. 
 
 Cited for coolness and courage in rendering first aid under heavy 
 shell fire and until badly wounded. This in tlie battle of the Hinden- 
 burg Line, France, September 29-30, 1918. 
 
 Needham, John D. — Pvt. 
 Nelson, Charles J. — Pvt. 
 Park, John B.— Sgt. 
 
 Cited for assuming command of his platoon after his Lieutenant 
 had been wounded and leading them with great courage and skill. 
 This in the battle of the Hindenburg Line, September 29, 1918. 
 
 Pernick, John— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Pernick, Jno C. — Corp. 
 
 Peterson, Arthur J. — Ist-class Pvt. 
 
 Cited for courage in battle of the Hindenburg Line, France, Sep- 
 tember 29 and 30, 1918. 
 
 Phillips, Albert— Corp. G October 14, 1918. 
 Schwemie, Adam H. — Corp. 
 Seymour, William D. — Sgt. WA. 
 
 Cited for bravery at Bony in action on the Hindenburg Line and 
 also at St. Souplet. 
 
 Snyder, Oscar — Pvt. 
 Sponholz, Fred C— Pvt. 
 Wilber, Cecil F.— Pvt. 
 
616 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Chapin, S. K.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Coulter, Wm. D.— 1st Lieut. 
 
 Borcharding, Fred — Pvt. 
 
 Boyle, John T.— Pvt. 
 
 Bunk, John F.— Pvt. 
 
 Carson, Melvin R. — Pvt. 
 
 Chapin, Gilbert— Pvt. WA September 28, 1918. 
 
 Chapin, S. K.— Pvt. 
 
 Davis, William S.— Pvt. 
 
 Farr, Harold— Pvt. 
 
 Gadowski, Frank— Pvt. WA Sept. 29, 1918. 
 
 Garner, Thomas — Pvt. 
 
 Haslam, Lowell H. — Sgt. 
 
 Hodge, Frank A.— Pvt. G September 29, 1918. 
 
 Kaye, Charles S.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 LeBarron, Benjamin — Pvt. 
 
 COMPANY I 
 
 Licino, Michael — Pvt. 
 
 Lovelace, Earl H.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Luber, Daniel — Pvt. 
 
 Luber, George S.— G September 29, 1918. 
 
 Lumley, Harold T.— Pvt. G October 14, 1918. 
 
 Markham, Guy B. — Pvt. 
 
 Miller, Edward J.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Moore, James A. — Pvt. 
 
 Nagel, Edward — Pvt. 
 
 Quinn, John A.— Pvt. G and Shell-shock August, 1918. 
 
 Ringleben, George— Pvt. G September 29, 1918. 
 
 Southall, Walter E.— Pvt. 
 
 Thornton, Harold E.— Sgt. G October 3, 1918. 
 
 Watson, Donald L— Pvt. 
 
 Wynn, Spencer H.— Pvt. G October 15, 1918. 
 
 COMPANY K 
 
 Babcock, Ronald P. — Corp. 
 
 Cited for courage and devotion to duty as a private during the battle 
 of the Hindenburg Line, September 29, 1918, and for maintaining 
 an advanced observation post under heavy enemy fire in the vicin- 
 ity of the Le Selle River, France, October 14, 1918. 
 
 Bluhm, William F.— Cook. 
 Burkhart, James M. — Bugler. 
 
 Cited for courage and determination in carrying messages in battle 
 of the Hindenburg Line, France, September 29, 1918, and in the 
 vicinity of the Le Selle River, October 15, 1918. 
 
 Golde, Mathias E.— Sgt. 
 
 Licht, Arnold L.— Sgt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Lutz, Erlie L.— Pvt. 
 
 Cited for courage and skill in making reconnoissance under heavy- 
 enemy fire, in the vicinity of the Le Selle River, October 10, 1918. 
 
 Shamrock, Roland E.— Corp. WA September 28, 1918. 
 Smith, Harry A. — Ist-class Pvt. 
 
 Cited for gallantry in battle of the Le Selle River, France, October 
 17,1918. 
 
 Stannard, Clude — Mechanic. 
 
 Steingasser, Edward A. — Pvt. WA. 
 
 Viagrass, Howard E.— Sgt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 COMPANY L 
 
 Barnes, Theodore G. — Sgt. 
 
 Cited for courage during the battle of the Hindenburg Line Sep- 
 tember 29, 1918. 
 
 Canfield, Raymond F. — Mechanic. 
 
 Craine, George C. — Corp. 
 
 Grossman, Edw. C— Corp. G October, 1918. 
 
 Czuba, Julian — Pvt. 
 
 Davidson, Samuel, Jr. — Corp. 
 
 Davidson, Samuel — Corp. 
 
 DeLang, Reinhart L.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 English, Joseph— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Eberhardt, Fred— Pvt. 
 
 Faleska, Fred A.— Pvt. G September 29, 1918. 
 
 Forsey, Harold S.— Pvt. 
 
 Frears, Henry G. — Corp. 
 
 Freyburger, Joseph — Ist-class Pvt. 
 
 Genz, Joseph — Pvt. 
 
 Greenleaf, George S. S.— Sgt. 
 
 Hahn, Arthur F. — Corp. 
 
 Hinkley, George H.— Pvt. WA September 30, 1918. 
 
 Hollway, Edward L.— Sgt. G October 15, 1918. 
 
 Keil, Peter V.— Pvt. 
 
 Kraebel, George— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Kreidler, Frank L.— Pvt. 
 
 Kroll, Albert C— Corp. 
 
 Linch, Fred M. — Corp. 
 
 Mcintosh, Allen J. — Pvt. 
 
 Murray, Richard J.— Sgt. WA October, 1918. 
 
 Pierce, Alfred H.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Possee, Charles A. — Bugler. 
 
 Purdy, Charles B. — Ist-class Pvt. 
 
 Cited for courage in carrying messages under heavy fire; this in the 
 battle of the Hindenburg Line, September 29-30, 1918. 
 
 Quinn, Rogers R.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 Radice, Daniel T.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918, 
 
 November 9, 1918. 
 Rittner, Arthur P.— Sgt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 Staebell, Edward— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 Stone, Joseph E. — Sgt. 
 Weaver, Arthur G. — Pvt. 
 Weitzel, Harry — Ist-class Pvt. 
 
 White, Kenneth C— Corp. WA September 29, 1918. 
 Whitman, Irving — Pvt. 
 Wick, Alfred G.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 COMPANY M 
 
 Spawton, Fred'k G. — 1st Lieut., Battalion Adjutant. 
 Baszynski, Peter — Corp. 
 
 Baynes, Charles M.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 Bennett, Adolphus — Pvt. 
 
 Cited for great gallantry in battle of Hindenburg Line, September 
 29-30, 1918. 
 
 Berger, Jno F. — Corp. 
 
 Bury, Clarence E. — Pvt. 
 
 Cantwell, Kenneth J. — Pvt. 
 
 Graver, Edward— Corp. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Graver, Edward Al — Corp. 
 
 Douris, James L.— Corp. WA Sept. 28, 1918, St. Quentin. 
 
 Also at the Dicky Bush Sector on Aug. 25, 1918. 
 Doyle, Raymond C— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
108th Regiment, U. S. Infantry 
 
 617 
 
 Egeling, Harry P.— Sgt. 
 
 Ess, Clarence A. — Pvt. 
 
 Fels, Emil R.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Fessler, Fred — Pvt. 
 
 Gylfe, Carl R.— Pvt. WA October 18, 1918. 
 
 Haile, Raymond L. — Pvt. 
 
 Cited for exceptional courage and determination in battle of the 
 Hindenburg Line, September 29, 1918. 
 
 Hall, Arthur F.— Pvt. 
 
 Harrington, Thomas P. — Pvt. 
 
 Hudson, Edmund G. — Supply Sgt. 
 
 Keller, Joseph A.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Kent, Howard E.— Pvt. WG September 29, 1918. 
 
 Kleister, John F.— Pvt. 
 
 Lane, Paul A. — Sgt. 
 
 Cited for determined leadership and courage in the battle of the 
 Hindenburg Line, September 30, 1918. 
 
 Lee, George W.- 
 Lindahl, Harry- 
 
 -Pvt. 
 -Pvt. 
 
 COMPANY M— Con. 
 
 Little, Paul E.— Corp. WA October, 1918. 
 
 Madden, Earl R.— Pvt. G September 29, 1918. 
 
 Manke, Percy M.— Pvt. WA August 15, 1918. 
 
 Mayne, George W. — Pvt. 
 
 Meyers, Frank H. — Bugler. 
 
 Miller, Hurd — Cook. 
 
 Mineo, Frank — Pvt. 
 
 Moore, Gordon H.— Sgt. G October, 1918. 
 
 Otto, Elmer F.— Pvt. 
 
 Otto, George A. — Pvt. 
 
 Peel, Melvin J.— Sgt. 
 
 Peronne, Edward F.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Ross, Albert J.— Sgt. WA September 28, 1918. 
 
 Sempert, Frederick F.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Smith, Harold L.— Pvt. WA September 29, 1918. 
 
 Thompson, Edwin G. — Pvt. 
 
 Weidner, William A. — Pvt. 
 
 Wenrich, James L. — Pvt. 
 
 Zahn, Horace H. — Sgt. 
 
106th field artillery 
 
 52d field artillery BRIGADE HEADQUARTERS 
 
 Jones, Harold — Captain. Buckley, James F. — Corporal. 
 
 Burnett, Charles — Lieutenant. Klein, Milton — Private. 
 
 FIELD STAFF 
 
 Howland, John D. — Col. Relieved in France. Parlour, Walter J. — Captain, Adjutant. 
 
 1st battalion 
 
 Eller, Louis H. — Major. Gilchriese, Harry L. — Captain. 
 
 2d battalion 
 Goodyear, Bradley — Major. 
 
 Keller, P. J.— Captain. 
 
 Walker, Douglas — 1st Lieutenant. 
 
 Fornes, Walter F. — Chaplain. 
 
 Baker, Fred— Pvt. 
 
 Board, William— Pvt. 
 
 Bosworth, James H. — Corp. 
 
 Bragg, Francis E. — Pvt. 
 
 Buckley, James F. — Corp. 
 
 Buritsky, Joseph — Pvt. 
 
 Burkard, Lawrence J. — Reg. Sgt. 
 
 Major. 
 Burnett, Charles — Lieut. 
 Burrell, Harvey R.— Sgt. 
 Buzitsky, Joseph S. — Cook. 
 Campbell, Rocco — Ist-cl. Musician. 
 Collins, William J. — Cook. 
 Culhane, Daniel J. — Corp. 
 Cummings, George W. — Corp. 
 Currindor, Calvin — Pvt. 
 Day, Harold H.— Pvt. 
 Drake, Howard — Pvt. 
 East, George A. — Corp. 
 Peine, Otto A., Jr.— Pvt. 
 Fisher, Charles J.— Pvt. 
 Fornes, Robert — Corp. 
 Frasier, Leslie — Pvt. 
 Geise, Edw. W. — Mechanic. 
 Gertz, Julius — Sgt. 
 
 Hinds, Robert H. — Major. 
 Grabau, John C. — Capt. 
 Hayes, Walter — Lieut. 
 
 Webber, John D. — Captain. 
 Bensch, Albert — Pvt. 
 Crittenden, Walter R.— Pvt. 
 Cawthard, George — Corp. 
 Collins, Sunett — Corp. 
 Grabski, Anthony — Cook. 
 Freier, Howard — Wagoner. 
 Green, John H. — Wagoner. 
 
 HEADQUARTERS COMPANY 
 
 Hewitt, Lome — Sgt. 
 
 Holihan, Frank — Sgt. Major. 
 
 Hoyczyk, John — Pvt. 
 
 Huling, John E.— Sgt. 
 
 Iwanski, Vincent — Corp. 
 
 Imhof, Raymond P. — Ist-classPvt. 
 
 G October, 1918. 
 Kay, Dwight L.— Pvt. 
 Kimball, Raymond — Corp. 
 Klein, Milton— Pvt. 
 Klopp, Benjamin — Corp. 
 Kohlhas, Karl— Pvt. 
 Kroczynski, Peter — Musician. 
 Laufer, Harry H. — Musician. 
 Lawton, L. M. — Musician. 
 Levan, Frank — Pvt. 
 Lewenicht, Charles F. — Band Corp. 
 Lewis, Loran L., 3d — Corp. 
 Marshall, Robert — Musician. 
 McCunn, Harold M.— Band Sgt. 
 
 Major. 
 Mertz, Albert — Sgt. 
 Middleton, Robert T.— Pvt. 
 Mitchell, Donald J.— Ist-class Pvt. 
 Mole, Joseph — Color Sgt. 
 Monczynski, Frank — Corp. 
 Neicro, Sebastian — Saddler. 
 Nola, Samuel — Pvt. 
 
 MEDICAL DETACHMENT 
 
 Boeckel, Fred W. — Ist-class Sgt. 
 Blaisdell, Harold A.— Pvt. I. Res. 
 Cherry Creek. 
 
 SUPPLY COMPANY 
 Klug, William— Sgt. 
 Hahn, C. W. — Wagoner. 
 Hauptman, Charles F. — Sgt. 
 Hebesher, Charles — Wagoner. 
 Herman, Floyd — Pvt. 
 Hilton, James A. — Reg. Supp. Sgt. 
 Klug, William — Supply Sgt. 
 Lubick, Albert — Wagoner. 
 
 O'Mara, Harold— Pvt. 
 Parker, Earl B.— Pvt. GOct. 1918. 
 Plassman, Howard S. — Ist-class P. 
 Pilat, Bronislaw — Pvt. 
 Polikoski, John — Wagoner. 
 Poppenberg, James 0. — Pvt. 
 Rauchstadt, Max — Band Leader. 
 Bidder, Henry — Sgt. 
 Sander, George — Mechanic. 
 Sciandra, Charles — Mechanic. 
 Seifert, Theodore — Musician. 
 Sisto, Thomas — Pvt. 
 Spicer, Edgar J. — Pvt. 
 Stall, John J.— Sgt. 
 Tesmer, Irving — Cook. 
 Thamer, George — Corp. 
 Van Amberg, Harry — Pvt. 
 Vossler, William M. — Sgt. 
 Ware, Benjamin — Pvt. 
 Weatherby, George J. — Sgt. 
 Weiss, Fred — Pvt. 
 Welker, Ernest H.— Sgt. 
 Wiedemer, Joseph — Sgt. 
 Wurtz, Howard P. — Corp. 
 Zeitler, John B.— Sgt. 
 Zimmerman, Earl E. — Ist-class Pvt. 
 Zimmerman, George — Corp. 
 
 Driscoll, Joe — Pvt. 
 Gaczewski, Mathew — Pvt. 
 Gaczewskl, Sigmund — I. 
 
 MacDonald, Robt. A.— Rgt. 
 Radtke, Eugene — Wagoner. 
 Shepard, Albert C. — Cook. 
 Sweet, James — Wagoner. 
 Trotman, David W. — Wagoner. 
 Smith, Frank E.— Corp. 
 Voss, Carl E. — Wagoner. 
 Wiegand, Edward — Sgt. 
 
106th Field Artillery 
 
 619 
 
 Osborne, William — Sgt. 
 Berry, John F. — Ordnance Sgt. 
 Savini, Dominick — Sgt. 
 
 Burkhardt, Howard — Capt. 
 Achowski, John — Cook. 
 Adams, Albert — Pvt. 
 Alexander, Arthur — Pvt. 
 Alzynski, Joe — Pvt. 
 Bailey, Gail S.— Pvt. 
 Baprota, Anthony — Cook. 
 Barley, Gale— Pvt. 
 Barth, Frank L. — Corp. 
 Bilkey, Frank — Wagoner. 
 Biniakiawicz, Joseph — Pvt. 
 Blazyewski, Anthony — Pvt. 
 Borowiak, John — Pvt. 
 Burr, W. Lester — Ist-class Pvt. 
 Chandley, Herbert J. — Pvt. 
 Cichowski, John — Cook. 
 Ciesielski, Walter — Mechanic. 
 Cirkowski, John — Cook. 
 Crawford, John W. — Pvt. Injured 
 
 March 23, 1918. 
 Day, Harold— Pvt. 
 Daacke, J. Creighton von — Sgt. 
 Dekowski, Adam — Pvt. 
 Dence, Clarence — Pvt. 
 Dodge, Harold A.— Pvt. 
 Drews, Joseph — Pvt. 
 Farrell, William R.— Pvt. 
 Frost, Henry — Mechanic. 
 Fintack, Joseph M. — Bugler. 
 Gaiek, John J. — Ist-class Pvt. 
 Geulis, William— Pvt. 
 Hartinger, George — Cook. 
 Hunt, Albert H.— Corp. 
 Ilardo, Anthony — Pvt. 
 Jankowski, John S. — Pvt. 
 Jarosz, Charles — Bugler. 
 Jarenbowski, Frank — Pvt. 
 
 Toomey, George — Capt. 
 
 Abbey, Chas. N. — Pvt. Residence 
 
 Cherry Creek. 
 Amelia, Vito — Pvt. 
 Andrzejewski, Max — Corp. 
 Bardey, Stephen — Wagoner. 
 Basinski, Alley — Pvt. 
 Blake, John— Sgt. 
 Boland, Edward J.— Pvt. 
 Brock, Ronald— Sgt. 
 Burre, Archibald — Corp. 
 Celinski, Stephen — Mechanic. 
 Chason, Chas. — Ist-class Pvt. 
 Chmielewski, John. — Pvt. 
 Cingola, Charles — Pvt. 
 Clark, Francis Z. — Pvt. 
 
 ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT 
 
 Martin, Edw. L. — Sgt. Ordnance. 
 Domres, Ferdinand — Sgt. 
 Mioducki, Felix — Corp. 
 
 BATTERY A 
 
 Jendrasiak, Bernard — Pvt. 
 Jezuwit, John — Pvt. 
 Johler, Jacob — Mechanic. 
 Kamholz, August J. — Corp. 
 Kasmierczak, Stanley — Pvt. 
 Kaznowski, John — Sgt. 
 Kellar, Raymond — Pvt. 
 Kielanszwk, John — Pvt. 
 Kolodzinski, John — Corp. 
 Kopczynski, Frank — Pvt. 
 Kralick, John — Pvt. 
 Krauss, Walter — Pvt. 
 Kruk, John J.— Pvt. 
 Kubiak, Felix— Sgt. 
 Lis, Kaiser — Pvt. 
 Marciniak, Stephen — Pvt. 
 McBride, John— Pvt. 
 McDonald, John J. — Corp. 
 McDonald, Samuel— Pvt. 
 McDonough, Thomas J. — Pvt. 
 McKay, James F. — Sgt. 
 Mega, Adam — Pvt. 
 Mergler, George E. — Sgt. 
 Mortek, Adam — Pvt. 
 Niezgoda, Andrew — Pvt. 
 Norton, Matthew — Ist-class Pvt. 
 Nowatcki, Lzymunt — Pvt. 
 O'Donnell, Cornelius — Pvt. 
 Olkiewicz, Frank — Pvt. 
 O'Neil, Raymond — Pvt. 
 Pangborn, Harry E. — Supp. Sgt. 
 Pinkowski, Leonard — Pvt. 
 Polowy, Felix — Pvt. 
 Poltowicz, Joseph — Pvt. 
 Potempia, John — Wagoner. 
 Przybbiski, Walter — Pvt. 
 Quinn, Edw. T.— 1st Sgt. 
 
 BATTERY B 
 
 Collins, Gustavus — Corp. 
 Coo, James I. — Pvt. 
 Dewey, Elmer — Corp. 
 Dewey, Ramond — Pvt. 
 Dorman, George L. — 1st Sgt. 
 Doyle, Charles — Pvt. 
 Dresbeck, William — Wagoner. 
 Duewiger, Emil — Pvt. 
 Eliashuk, Joakim — Pvt. 
 Emden, Harry — Cook. 
 Ferrante, Giovanni — Pvt. 
 Finsterbach, Harold W. — Corp. 
 Fries, Joseph — Pvt. 
 Gengola, Chas. A. — Pvt. 
 Gorski, Casimer — Pvt. 
 Goldberg, Ben J. — Ist-class Pvt. 
 
 Collins, Emmet — Corp. 
 Kralich, John — Pvt. 
 Lewis, William — Pvt. 
 
 Rasp, George J. — Corp. 
 
 Rasp, George, Jr. — Corp. 
 
 Raymond, Harry — Corp. 
 
 Schneider, Jacob J. — Pvt. 
 
 Shine, Fred— Pvt. 
 
 Siminkowski, Martin — Pvt. 
 
 Siminowski, Felix — Pvt. 
 
 Smentkiewicz, Leo F. — Corp. 
 
 Smith, Alban N.— Corp. 
 
 Stein, Raymond J. — Pvt. 
 
 Suilc, Anthony — Ist-class Pvt. 
 
 Sweistak, Piotr— Pvt. 
 
 Szczecinski, John J. — Corp. 
 
 Szczechowski, Stanley — Mechanic. 
 
 Tulimowski, Kowstanty — Pvt. In- 
 jured September, 1918. 
 
 Tanner, Frank — Pvt. 
 
 Truckenport, Harvey B. — Pvt. 
 
 Tolany, Felix — Corp. 
 
 Tulimowski, Constanty — Ist-class 
 Pvt. 
 
 Urmanski, John — Sgt. 
 
 Van Campen, Rowland J. 
 
 Von Daacke, James — Sgt. 
 
 Vullo, Frank— Pvt. Injured 1917. 
 
 Wachowiak, John J. — Pvt. 
 
 Weltz, Joseph — Pvt. 
 
 Wenslaus, Alex — Pvt. 
 
 Wisobowski,Adam — Corp. W Sep- 
 tember 29. 
 
 Wojtislak, Vincent — Pvt. 
 
 Yewtusmewski, John — Pvt. 
 
 Yodges, Joseph — Pvt. 
 
 Zabororowski, Bernard — Cook. In- 
 jured September. 
 
 Zminkowski, Martin — Ist-class Pvt. 
 
 Grade, James — Pvt. 
 
 Gravener, Kenneth F. — Pvt. 
 
 Grill, Edward H.— Pvt. 
 
 Grimm, Robert W.— Pvt. 
 
 Haag, Alberto. —Pvt. 
 
 Hardy, Izydur — Pvt. 
 
 Hackemer, Arthur — Wagoner. 
 
 Hewitt, Lome A. — Sgt. 
 
 Hunt, Richard. 
 
 James, Hobart R. — Pvt. Residence 
 
 Cherry Creek, N. Y. 
 Jankowski, Frank — Pvt. 
 Johnson, Albert — Bugler. 
 Kaniecki, Stanley — Pvt. 
 Kazmurczak, Thomas — Pvt. 
 Kearns, Martin — Pvt. 
 
620 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Lipczynski, Walter — Pvt. 
 Luber, Raymond — Pvt. 
 Ludwig, Hamilton — Pvt. 
 Marino, Pasquale — Pvt. 
 McGrory, Hugh — Pvt. 
 McMahon, Paul — Corp. 
 Michael, Edward — Pvt. 
 Milbrand, Joseph — Cook. 
 Milligan, Franklin C— Pvt. 
 Mulkern, John — Sgt. 
 Mumm, John — Cook. 
 Myslabowski, Walter — Pvt. 
 Niedzlyski, Jan — Pvt. 
 Niemiec, Anthony — Ist-class Pvt. 
 O'Connor, Martin — Pvt. 
 Omelanchuk, Anthony — Pvt. 
 Osdrochuk, John — Pvt. 
 Otkowski, John — Pvt. 
 Poswiatkowski, John — Corp. 
 
 Goodyear, Bradley — Major. 
 Hamlin, Chauncey — Captain. 
 Briggs, Carlton — 1st Lieut. 
 Aminger, Roland — Pvt. 
 Amrose, Frank F. — 1st Sgt. 
 Aquilino, Tom — Pvt. 
 Aramini, Frank — Pvt. 
 Beckman, Robert J. — Pvt. 
 Balivo, Antonio — Pvt. 
 Bomberski, Frank — Pvt. 
 Brehm, Allen K.— Sgt. 
 Busch, Charles — Pvt. 
 Butkowski, Stanley — Corp. 
 Ceier, Frank W. — Mech. 
 Cerkiewicz, Stanley — Pvt. 
 Cobb, William— Pvt. 
 Coe, James L — Ist-class Pvt. 
 Cothard, Wilbur— Cook. 
 Crann, Patrick W. — Corp. 
 Czechowski, Leon — Pvt. 
 Daley, Squire — Wagoner. 
 Dembkowski, Waclaw — Pvt. 
 Dreher, Allen — Pvt. 
 Dueschle, Louis — Pvt. 
 Dominiak, Peter A. — Pvt. 
 Drajem, Edmund — Pvt. 
 Edmbrowski, Waclaw — Pvt. 
 Eldrige, Harry — Cook. 
 Filiponi, Giovanni — Mech. 
 Funk, West— Pvt. 
 Gannon, Howard — Pvt. 
 Gilbert, William— Sgt. 
 Glowacki, John — Corp. 
 
 Burrows, Edwin S. — 1st Lieut. 
 Binga, Carlisle T.— Sgt. 
 Balderston, Earl D.— Pvt. 
 Bartone, Lewis — Pvt. 
 
 BATTERY B— CoN. 
 
 Pley, Michael — Mechanic. 
 
 Ranaldo, Luigi — Pvt. 
 
 Raczka, Josef — Pvt. 
 
 Rasp, Charles — Wagoner. 
 
 Rapp, Charles C— Pvt. 
 
 Ricigliano, Vito — Pvt. 
 
 Ruddy, Walter— Sgt. 
 
 Rung, Howard — Sgt. 
 
 Scanlon, Patrick — Pvt. 
 
 Schaefer, Andrew J. — Pvt. W 
 
 October 20, 1918. 
 Schaelfer, Andres — Pvt. 
 Siegrist, Charles — Pvt. 
 Sienzan, Walter — Pvt. 
 Smith, Norman — Sgt. 
 Spano, James — Pvt. 
 Stachowiak, Leo — Corp. 
 Stasio, Michael — Corp. 
 Stodolski, Walter — Ist-class Pvt. 
 
 BATTERY C 
 
 Goliembiski, Sig. — Pvt. 
 Gorino, Joseph — Pvt. 
 Grelewicz, John — Corp. 
 Grembowitch, Waclaw — Corp. 
 Halas, Alexander — Pvt. 
 Harris, Edward J., Jr. — Corp. 
 Henrich, Albert — Pvt. 
 Herbert, George J. — Sgt. 
 Johnson, Edward — Pvt. 
 Joslin, John J. — Pvt. 
 Kaleta, Walter— Pvt. 
 Kessler, Earl E.— Pvt. 
 Klosinski, John — Pvt. 
 Koenig, George P. — Cook. 
 Kozlowski, Louis — Pvt. 
 Lee, George — Pvt. 
 Duda, Peter— Sgt. 
 Mack, Anthony. 
 Mann, Paul F. — 1st Lieut. 
 Martin, Alexander — Sgt. 
 May, William— Stable Sgt. 
 McCullough, Daniel P.— Pvt. 
 McElligott, John — Corp. 
 Menczunski, Bronislaus — Pvt. 
 Meyers, Oscar — Pvt. 
 Meiers, William — Pvt. 
 Morrison, Roy B. — Pvt. 
 Musielak, Jno. — Pvt. 
 Nawotka, Stanley — Pvt. 
 Nevinski, John — Pvt. 
 Newman, Walter — Corp. 
 Oelheim, Arthur F. — Mess Sgt. 
 Palermo, Joe — Pvt. 
 
 BATTERY D 
 
 Bater, Harvey I. — Corp. 
 Bater, Floyd— Pvt. 
 Best, Robert — Corp. 
 Blanding, Clarence — Pvt. 
 
 Szaroletta, Anthony — Pvt. 
 Tingler, William— Sgt. 
 Todorakis, John — Ist-class Pvt. 
 Volkenner, Charles — Pvt. 
 Vullo, Frank P.— Pvt. 
 Volpe, Chas.— Pvt. 
 Walczak, Walter— Pvt. 
 Waterworth, Edwin — Sgt. 
 Winkowski, Joseph — Pvt. 
 Wochna, Wm. — Pvt. 
 Wright, Arthur C— Corp. K at 
 Spartanburg, S. C, Oct. 16, 1917. 
 Wilcox, John W. 
 
 Wright, Walter W. — Horseshoer. 
 Zqmbernzenski, Stanislaus — Pvt. 
 Zdrojewski, Stanley — Pvt. 
 Ziarkowski, John E. 
 Zuber, Raymond J. — Pvt. 
 Zulawski, Walter J.— Pvt. 
 
 Persio, Emedio — Pvt. 
 
 Plewinski, Frank — Pvt. 
 
 Pucello, Giuseppe — Pvt. 
 
 Praetzel, Fred— Pvt. 
 
 Prokopchuk, John — Pvt. 
 
 Prusiecki, Stanley — Pvt. 
 
 Reich, Frank P.— Pvt. W October, 
 1918, Verdun. 
 
 Ruper, Albert — Sgt. 
 
 Sauter, George — Sgt. 
 
 Schaffner, Adelbert — Corp. 
 
 Schmidt, Nicholas — Corp. G No- 
 vember 11, 1918, France. 
 
 Sears, Walter — Mess Sgt. 
 
 Seymour, Arthur — Pvt. 
 
 Smith, Frank— Pvt. 
 
 Smith, William— Pvt. 
 
 Sullivan, John J. — Pvt. 
 
 Susek, John — Pvt. 
 
 Szalazny, Waclaw — Sgt. 
 
 Tadajewski, Philip — Pvt. 
 
 Thiel, Fred.— Pvt. 
 
 Trotz, John — Corp. 
 
 Ubanuka, Uban — Pvt. 
 
 Vesper, Howard — Pvt. 
 
 Vossler, William — Sgt. 
 
 Wagner, Asa G. — Mechanic. 
 
 Walkinshaw, James R. — Corp. 
 
 Wanemacher, Edmund — Pvt. 
 
 Widger, Henry — Cook. 
 
 Wikarski, John — Pvt. 
 
 Wonch, Desmond — Bugler. 
 
 Bohn, Frank — Wagoner. 
 Briggs, Frederick M. — Corp. 
 Brown, Herbert W. — Sgt. 
 Burley, Elmer — Pvt. 
 
106th Field Artillery 
 
 621 
 
 Chmura, Frank — Pvt. 
 Colligan, Robert— Sgt. 
 Crampton, John — Sgt. 
 Cutler, Cecil D.— Pvt. 
 Cummings, Michael — Pvt. 
 Damohn, John — Cook. 
 DiCarlo, Rosario — Wagoner. 
 Doherty, Charles — Pvt. 
 Drake, Howard S.— Pvt. 
 Dreyer, Joseph — Pvt. 
 Drozdoski, Stephen — Pvt. 
 Eberle, George — Pvt. 
 Ehmann, Adolph H. — Pvt. 
 Ellis, Charles S.— Pvt. 
 Epps, Charles — Mechanic. 
 Fallica, Charles— Pvt. 
 Fisher, Henry — Pvt. 
 Flisakowski, Frank — Pvt. 
 Foley, Vincent A. — Cook. 
 Fowler, La Verne A. — Pvt. Resi- 
 dence Cherry Creek. 
 French, Eldon — Corp. 
 Gillman, David — Pvt. 
 Grzenkowski, Walter — Pvt. 
 Guercio, Vincent — Pvt. 
 Grady, George — Pvt. 
 Gwadzdowski, Frank — Pvt. 
 Harlach, Raymond — Pvt. 
 Harlach, William — Pvt. 
 Herman, Floyd C. — Wagoner. 
 Hill, Frank— Pvt. 
 Hitzel, Albert— Pvt. 
 
 Curtin, John J. — Captain. 
 Adamaszek, Joseph — Pvt. 
 Adamszak, Frank — Pvt. 
 Armson, William — Pvt. 
 Battista, Michaels— Pvt. 
 Bednarski, Antoni — Pvt. 
 Bartos, Joseph — Pvt. 
 Bojak, Frank— Pvt. 
 Bojack, Tony— Pvt. 
 Bojak, Vincenty — Pvt. 
 Borowicz, Frank J. — Pvt. 
 Barrett, Nelson W.— Sgt. 
 Brocik, Jno S.— Pvt. 
 Brozyna, Walter — Pvt. 
 Bruckman, Peter S. — Pvt. 
 Brzezinski, August — Mechanic. 
 Cebulski, Wawrzymic — Ist-class P. 
 Compenelis, Philip — Sgt. 
 Clark, Richard H.— Corp. 
 Czupryna, Walter — Pvt. 
 Decell, Arthur W. — Wagoner. W 
 
 September, 1918. 
 Dombrowski, Filix — Pvt. W May, 
 
 1917. 
 Duewiger, George P. — Pvt. W 
 
 March 21, 1918. 
 
 BATTERY D— Con. 
 
 Hoffman, Andrew G., Jr. — Pvt. Died 
 of illness Jan. 2, 1918, Buffalo. 
 Jackson, Sidney W. — Sgt. 
 Jacobs, David A. — Pvt. 
 Janicki, Frank — Pvt. 
 Juliano, Peter — Pvt. 
 Karczmare, Jacob — Pvt. 
 Kaminski, Steven — Pvt. 
 Keenan, Andrew G. — Pvt. 
 Keethe, Lawrence J. S. — Sgt. 
 Keen, Fred — Pvt. 
 Knab, Anthony — Pvt. 
 Lane, David B. — Pvt. 
 Lang, George — Pvt. 
 Lapille, Alex — Pvt. 
 Larson, Heilmer — Pvt. 
 Lewis, Alfred — Pvt. 
 Linsmaier, Joseph P. — Mess Sgt. 
 Lauchren, Thomas B. — Wagoner. 
 Mackenzie, Donald — Wagoner. 
 Mahn, Wm. C— Ist-class Pvt. 
 Mann, Albert — Cook. 
 McCarthy, James — Pvt. 
 McDonald, Samuel — Pvt. 
 McSorley, Peter — Corp. 
 Meldrum, Hugh R. — Corp. 
 Militello, Peter— Pvt. 
 Moseuk, Stephen — Pvt. 
 Nichols, Clarence E. — Pvt. 
 Nowacki, John — Pvt. 
 Ogilvie, Thomas — Pvt. 
 Olasnowicz, Anthony — Pvt. 
 
 BATTERY E 
 
 Domin, Antoni — Pvt. 
 Dysarz, Jno — Pvt. 
 Dziuba, Jan — Ist-class Pvt. 
 Eagan, Charles — Corp. 
 Edwards, Roy D.— Pvt. 
 Eisenhauer, Albert — Pvt. 
 Gajkowski, Michael — Ist-class Pvt. 
 Gardner, Charles — Pvt. 
 Goldman, Max — Pvt. 
 Grabski, Anthony — Pvt. 
 Graczyk, Frank. 
 Grudzinski, Stanislaw — Pvt. 
 Gronkowski, Jos. — Pvt. 
 Gul, John— Pvt. 
 Habowski, Martin B. — Corp. 
 Hoffman, Anthony — Pvt. 
 Horst, Walter — Corp. 
 Hurd, James P. — Sgt. 
 Jankowiak, Anthony — Pvt. 
 Jablouski, Jno — Pvt. 
 Jackowski, Jno — Pvt. 
 Januszkiewicz, John — Pvt. 
 Janicki, Jos. — Pvt. 
 Janicki, Louis — Pvt. 
 Jeziorski, Walter S. — Pvt. 
 Kaplinicz, George — Pvt. 
 
 Pelton, Raymond L. — Pvt. 
 Priester, Peter J. — 1st Sgt. 
 Rease, John J. — Pvt. 
 Robison, Mervan D. — Pvt. 
 Ruth, Preston H. — Corp. 
 Schoonover, Alvah F. — Sgt. 
 Schleizer, John F. — Chief Mech. 
 Sellig, Charles A.— Saddler. 
 Sell, Joseph S.— Pvt. 
 Semrau, Joseph — Pvt. 
 Smith, Ernest — Sgt. 
 Stachnik, Joseph — Pvt. 
 Steinbach, Jacob Bernard — Pvt. 
 Sutton, John T.— Pvt. 
 Stulick, Charles — Cook. 
 Szaroleto, Anthony J. — Pvt. 
 Tripi, Marion — Pvt. 
 Utz, Alfred J.— Bugler. 
 Van Renssesaer, Nathan — Pvt., 
 
 Residence Cherry Creek. 
 Vought, John H. — Sgt. 
 Walker, Earl T.— Pvt. 
 Walsh, Herbert G. — Mechanic. 
 Walsh, Norman — Pvt. 
 Weick, Edward V.— Pvt. 
 Weisner, David — Pvt. 
 White, Alvan A.— Sgt. 
 Wilkie, Edwin — Mechanic. 
 Wilson, Clarence — Corp. 
 Witluski, Bronsilaus — Pvt. 
 Wunt, George W.— Pvt. 
 Zdrozewski, Stephen — Pvt. 
 
 Kahn, Joseph G. — Corp. 
 Katinowski, Stanley — Sgt. 
 Kazmierczak, Stanley — Pvt. 
 Kidzuiski, Vincent — Pvt. 
 Kifner, Felix— Pvt. 
 Kifner, Kazimerz — Pvt. 
 Klosinski, John — Pvt. 
 Klosinski, Joseph — Corp. 
 Komcki, Louis A. 
 Kozian, Stanley — Ist-class Pvt. 
 Kojcsyki, John — Sgt. W June 19, 
 
 1918. 
 Kozlowski, John — Pvt. 
 Kralick,Leo— Pvt.WSept.29,1918. 
 Kusal, Paul— Pvt. 
 Lodzinski, Ignacy — Fvt. 
 Looze, Edward — Sgt. 
 Luasik, Tadeus — Pvt. 
 Maliska, Thomas — Pvt. 
 Marzolf, Joseph — Sgt. 
 Maturski, William — Pvt. 
 Michalski, Ignacy — Sgt. 
 Michalski, Ignatius — Pvt. 
 Miles, Francis J. — Pvt. 
 Morst, Robert — Corp. 
 Naczek, Kaiser — Cook. 
 
622 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Npychowski, Ignacy — Cook. 
 Ochowiak, Frank — Pvt. 
 Pagen, Charles W. — Corp. 
 Pagana, Jake — Ist-class Pvt. 
 Pawlowski, Walter — Wagoner. 
 Pelka, Joseph — Corp. 
 Piasecki, Sigmund — Corp. 
 Piontosik, Leonard — Corp. 
 Piotrowski, John — Pvt. 
 Podyma, Peter — Ist-class Pvt. 
 Podyma, Walter — Pvt. 
 Polcyn, Frank — Pvt. 
 Poteran, Woicik — Pvt. 
 Prozyna, Walter — Pvt. 
 Puzzella, Pietro — Pvt. 
 Radziewicz, Joseph — Pvt. 
 Ratajczik, Leon J. — Pvt. 
 Ryngwakki, Anthony — Pvt. 
 Richert, Joseph — Sgt. 
 
 Schohl, Wm. F.— Captain. 
 
 Marcus, M. M. — 1st Lieut. 
 
 Hess, Joseph R. — 2d Lieut. 
 
 Acquard, Theo. J. — Saddler. 
 
 Amlinger, Roland J. — Corp. 
 
 Assimon, Gust — Ist-class Pvt. 
 
 Acquard, Theodore — Saddler. 
 
 Aguglia, Hamdolfe — Pvt. 
 
 Beckwith, Daniel E.— Pvt. 
 
 Boisvert, Leon — Ist-class Pvt. 
 
 Bowen, Albert V.— Pvt. 
 
 Boxhorn, Joseph — Pvt. 
 
 Braven, Harry — Pvt. 
 
 Burdick, Clarence W. — Pvt. 
 
 Burhasser, Joseph — Corp. 
 
 Capotosti, Domenico — Pvt. 
 
 Chadwick, Walter L.— Sgt. 
 
 Chapin, Harry M.— Pvt. WG No- 
 vember 8, 1918. 
 
 Church, Arthur R. — Ist-class Pvt. 
 
 Cioffi, Mike— Pvt. 
 
 Croll, Lawrence J. — Corp. 
 
 Curtis, Donald D.— Pvt. Resi- 
 dence Cherry Creek. 
 
 Daum, William — Pvt. 
 
 Denczyk, Adam — Pvt. 
 
 D'Ortona, Silvio— Pvt. 
 
 Dreher, Otto C— Pvt. 
 
 Divorszyk, Stephen — Corp. 
 
 Divorczyk, Walter — Ist-class Pvt. 
 
 Doherty, Charles W.— Pvt. W 
 April 5, 1918. 
 
 Eckert, Harry W.— Pvt. 
 
 Ertel, William F.— Sgt. 
 
 Falk, John— Sgt. 
 
 Filipiak, Simon — Pvt. 
 
 Foltyniak, Anthony — Pvt. 
 
 Fowler, La Verne A. — Pvt. Resi- 
 dence Cherry Creek. 
 
 BATTERY E— CON. 
 Roberts, Frank J.— Sgt. 
 Romanuik, Peter — Pvt. 
 Rutkowski, Edmund A. — Sgt. 
 Schoedel, Carl — Wagoner. 
 Sheppard, Congdon — Pvt. 
 Slopak, Adam — Pvt. 
 Smith, Wm. C. — Wagoner. 
 Sobczak, Vincent — Pvt. 
 Sopiski, Andrew — Pvt. 
 Sulski, Joseph — Horseshoer. 
 Stybach, Stanislaw J. — Pvt. 
 Swanekamp, Chas. J. — Mechanic. 
 Szableuski, John — Pvt. 
 Szymanski, Joseph B. — Pvt. 
 Tasiemski, Stanley — Pvt. 
 Tesmerowicz, John — Pvt. 
 Tiburski, Albert — Ist-class Pvt. 
 Tomczak, Edward — Pvt. 
 Tomczak, Walter — Pvt. 
 
 BATTERY F 
 
 Freeman, Samuel W. — Ist-class 
 Pvt. 
 
 Grodus, Nathan — Pvt. 
 
 Gray, Harry W. — Mechanic. 
 
 Green, Leo — Pvt. 
 
 Griss, Arthur — Mechanic. 
 
 Gwiczdowski, Frank — Pvt. 
 
 Hodgson, Robert — Pvt. 
 
 Horney, Martin A. — Pvt. 
 
 Heller, Fred— Sgt. 
 
 Hennig, Julius — Mechanic. 
 
 Hodgson, Robert — Pvt. 
 
 Holl, Chester R.— Bugler. 
 
 Holland, R.— Sgt. 
 
 Hume, Allison K., Jr. — Pvt. 
 
 Hurlihy, David H. — Corp. 
 
 Hubbard, M. Ray — Bugler. Resi- 
 dence Cherry Creek. 
 
 Huesinger, Nicholas — Pvt. 
 
 Jackson, Roger B. — Ist-class Pvt. 
 
 Jensen, Emin K. J. — Corp. 
 
 Kalczynski, Bronislaus — Pvt. 
 
 Kolosa, Jacob — Wagoner. 
 
 Karnath, Rudolph — Pvt. 
 
 Kosprzak, Waclaw — Sgt. 
 
 Kettis, William — Ist-class Pvt. 
 
 Kessler, Earl C— Pvt. 
 
 Kieber, Fred F.— Pvt. 
 
 Kimmins, Benjamin — Pvt. 
 
 Kingsbury, Corydon D. — Sup. Sgt. 
 
 Kleinfilder, Henry P. — Cook. 
 
 Knight, William H. 
 
 Kohler, Charles W.— Pvt. 
 
 Kosak, Stephen — Ist-class Pvt. 
 
 Kerstetter, Chas. — Pvt. 
 
 Kramer, Frederick — Pvt. 
 
 Kramer, Paul — Pvt. 
 
 Kron, Louis P. — Pvt. 
 
 Kuntelos, Ernest — Pvt. 
 
 Usak, Lawrence — Pvt. 
 Walentynowicz, Casimer — Corp. 
 Way, Clayton — Wagoner. 
 Wesolek, Stanley — Pvt. 
 Weslowski, Adam — Corp. 
 Wezolowski, Jos. — Pvt. 
 Wosniewski, Boleslaus — Cook. 
 Woicik, Vincent — Ist-class Pvt. 
 Wolf, John — Bugler. 
 Wojciechowski, B. — Pvt. 
 Wujek, Barnard — Pvt. 
 Wojcik, Vincent — Pvt. 
 Wolf, John E.— Pvt. 
 Wypychowski, Ignacy — Pvt. 
 Yuda, Frank— Pvt. 
 Zachmuc, Frank — Sgt. 
 Zalewski, Anthony — Corp. 
 Zydowicz, Frank — Wagoner. 
 
 Langworthy, Richard O. — Mech. 
 
 Residence Cherry Creek. 
 LaMante, Frank — Pvt. 
 LaMante, Jackson F. — Pvt. 
 Learman, B. H. — Corp. 
 Light, Joseph F. — Pvt. 
 Malley, John J.— Sgt. 
 Martin, William — Pvt. 
 Matson, Fred — Pvt. 
 McCullough, Daniel P.— Pvt. 
 McGranor, James — Pvt. 
 Mendola, Joseph — Pvt. 
 Meyer, Walter — Corp. 
 Nadrowski, Stanley — Ist-class Pvt. 
 Neu, Henry — Pvt. 
 Nicholl, Hugh C— Pvt. 
 Niselay, Dewey A. — Pvt. 
 Oberst, Julius — Pvt. 
 Pawlak, Anthony — Pvt. 
 Peterson, Frederick W. — Wagoner. 
 Piedmont, John N. — Sgt. 
 Purucker, William — Pvt. 
 Rinn, William— Pvt. 
 Rosenham, Raymond P. — Ist-class 
 
 Pvt. 
 Roth, Frederick John — Sgt. 
 Rugg, Ray— Sgt. 
 Ruhland, Henry — Corp. 
 Jablowski, John J. — Corp. 
 Rummell, Edward F.— Pvt. 
 Rydzynski, John — Pvt. 
 Schalec, Joseph — Pvt. 
 Schindler, Thomas — Pvt. 
 Schlecht, Louis — Pvt. 
 Schuler, Ross P. — Corp. 
 Schultz, Robert— Pvt. 
 Schutcker, William — Corp. 
 See, Edward— Pvt. 
 Senger, Stanislaus — Ist-class Pvt. 
 
102d Trench Mortar Battery 
 
 623 
 
 Sherwood, Louis — Pvt. 
 
 Sitterle, Edward G.— Pvt. 
 
 Smith, Henry — Cook. 
 
 Solo, John— Pvt. 
 
 Sosinski, Louis — Pvt. 
 
 Steinagel, Gustave H. — Chief Mec. 
 
 Stevens, William — Corp. 
 
 BATTERY F-CoN. 
 
 Stipien, Ignatz — Pvt. 
 Szmania, Leo. — Pvt. 
 Tere, John— Pvt. 
 Then, Edward P.— Pvt. 
 Tomkinson, Philip A. — Corp. 
 Vledder, Harry — Pvt. 
 Voit, Albert — Bugler. 
 
 Walker, Douglas P. — Lieut. 
 Wallace, Harry L. — Ist-class Pvt. 
 Wallace, Leonard — Corp. 
 Wanat, Stanley — Ist-class Pvt. 
 WilHams, Chas. C— Cook. 
 Williams, Robert D.— Sgt. 
 
 102D TRENCH MORTAR BATTERY 
 
 Pearson, Charles — Captain. 
 Dilks, Harrie — 1st Lieut. 
 Cloak, R. F.— 1st Lieut. 
 Geraghty, Charles — 2d Lieut. 
 Adams, Robert B. — Sgt. 
 Adema, Harry H. — Pvt. 
 Anderson, Herbert E. — Corp. 
 Altman, Henry — Supply Sgt. 
 Balch, Clarkson — Sgt. 
 Barber, Floid F.— Pvt. 
 Barlow, Raoul — Pvt. 
 Beard, Damon A. — Pvt. 
 Bennett, George W. — Corp. 
 Boiler, George E.— Pvt. 
 Braunschweig, Paul L. — Corp. 
 Brown, Leo V. — Pvt. 
 Brown, Manly B. — Pvt. 
 Burns, G. F.— Pvt. 
 Burns, James F. — Pvt. 
 Burrows, Robert D. — Sgt. 
 Garland, Harold R.— Pvt. 
 Claiborne, Nathan S. — Pvt. 
 Clarke, Harvey R.— Pvt. 
 Cloak, Richard F. — 1st Lieut. 
 Davis, Howard E. — Pvt. 
 Dehlinger, Alton H. — Corp. 
 Dixson, Willard E.— Pvt. 
 Doerflein, Peter L. — Pvt. 
 Downey, Eugene M. — Pvt. 
 Drexelius, Edwin J. — Pvt. 
 Ebeling, Russell H.— Pvt. 
 Fancher, John W. — Cook. 
 Frank, Leon A. — Corp. 
 
 Geraghty, Charles E.— 2d Lieut. 
 Ginty, Charles T.— Pvt. 
 Gray, WilHam C. — Pvt. W France. 
 Haley, Emery D.— Pvt. 
 Haley, Joseph E. — Pvt. 
 Hauptman, John E. — Ordn. Corp. 
 Hebard, George R. — Corp. 
 Heinike, Herbert, Jr. — Corp. 
 Hodges, Charles, Jr. — Pvt. 
 Howe, Sheldon M.— Pvt. 
 Hudson, Reginald J. — Sgt. 
 Hylkema, John A. — Wagoner. 
 Jackson, Robert B. — Pvt. 
 Kelley, William 0.— Pvt. 
 Kendall, Davenport — Corp. 
 Kerger, Henry F.— Pvt. WG 
 
 November 2, 1918, France. 
 Koch, Robert N.— Pvt. 
 Koepf, Newell A. — Corp. 
 Lowe, Willie B.— Pvt. 
 Major, John N. — Pvt. 
 McLean, George W. — Mess Sgt. 
 McPherson, John P. — Corp. 
 Mead, Luther E. — Corp. 
 Meredith, Julian F.— Sgt. 
 Meyer, Fred 0. — Corp. 
 Meyer, Merill B. — Corp. 
 Mills, Albert V.— Pvt. 
 Mills, Harry C— Pvt. 
 Moore, Carlton S. — Pvt. 
 Moore, Francis D. — Corp. 
 Murphy, Cornelius W. — Sgt. 
 
 O'Neill, Frank A.— Pvt. 
 Oppenheimer, Nathan, Jr. — Pvt. 
 Palmer, Frank — Pvt. 
 Pelloth, George W.— Chief Mech. 
 Perkins, Walter H., Jr. — Corp. 
 Petit, William C— Sgt. 
 Poorten, Frank J. — Pvt. 
 Porter, William H., Jr.— Pvt. 
 Power, Bernard M. — Pvt. 
 Powers, Harold J. — Pvt. 
 Raymond, Russell — Pvt. 
 Reed, John N. W.— Pvt. 
 Ross, Jack C— Pvt. 
 Sanders, Melvin — 1st Sgt. 
 Schnackenberg, Fred C. — Corp. 
 Sharp, Francis R. — Corp. 
 Sharp, William F.— Sgt. 
 Skinner, Gerald R. — Mechanic. 
 Smith, Martin F.— Pvt. 
 Smith, Martin T. — Wagoner. 
 Stapleton, Harry E. — Sgt. 
 Strubing, John — Pvt. 
 Sullivan, Thomas J. — Pvt. 
 Sullivan, William B.— Pvt. 
 Towle, Joseph A. — Sgt. 
 Townsend, Paul A. — Pvt. 
 Trapp, Louis J. — Corp. 
 Trubee, Frank C, Jr. — Corp. 
 Weed, Charles W^— Pvt. 
 Weyland, Frank C— Pvt. 
 Wile, Herbert G.— Pvt. 
 Wilkeson, William — Pvt. 
 
U. S. NAVY 
 
 Aaron, Abe — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N. R. F. 
 
 Abel, Harold J.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Abel, Paul L.^Ensign, U. S. S. "Castine". 
 
 Abelson, Joseph — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Abraham Walter J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Acara, Peter T. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Acker, Joseph F. — 3d-class Fireman, U.S.S. " Michigan" 
 
 Ackerman, Eugene C. — Landsman, for Yeoman. 
 
 Adams, Albert— Chief Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Prairie." 
 
 Adams, Harvey R. — Chief Electrician, N. R. F. 
 
 Adams, Herbert L. — Landsman, for Machinist's 
 Mate (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Addington, Harry H. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Adelmann, C. A. — Pharmacist. 
 
 Adler, Joseph — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Adriance, Albert — 2d-class Storekeeper, U. S. "Mt. 
 Vernon." Ship torpedoed and sunk September 5, 
 1918. 
 
 Agar, James A. — Electrician, U. S. S. "Preston." 
 
 Ahr, Charles J. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate. 
 
 Aigner, Andrew — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a), 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Aigner, Joseph J. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Aigner, Joseph — Landsman, for Quartermaster. 
 
 Aikin, Roy — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Aiple, Chas. N. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Aiple, Harry J. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 
 Aiple, John B. — U. S. S. "Magnolia." 
 
 Albert, William — 2d-class Fireman. 
 
 Albrecht, August L. — Chief Gunner's Mate, U. S. S. 
 "Israel." 
 
 Albrecht, John A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Alessi, Thomas — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Alexander, Art. J. — Navy, U. S. Comfort Ship. 
 
 Altman, Eli— 2d-Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Altman, Robert L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Allan, John S. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Allan, Robert W.— Chief Pharmacist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 "Antigone." 
 
 Allard, Clayton J. — Yeoman. 
 
 Allen, Frank J. — Coxswain, U. S. S. "Hwahjah." 
 
 Allen, Forest W. — Ensign, U. S. S. "New Hamp- 
 shire." 
 
 Allen, John G.— U. S. S. "Florida." 
 
 Allen, John G. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Susquehanna." 
 
 Allen, LeRoy W. — Ist-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 
 Allen, Robert W. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 
 Alessi, Thomas — U. S. S. "Napotin." 
 
 Allenza, Frank H. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 
 Allspach, George L. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Allyn, Oliver B. — Machinist's Mate, N. R. F. 
 
 Ambrose, Raymond J. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "New 
 Hampshire." 
 
 Amidon, George H. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. " Nichol- 
 son." 
 
 Anderson — Coxswain, U. S. S. "Maine." 
 
 Anderson, Chauncey L. — 3d-class Radio Operator, U. S. 
 
 S. "South America." 
 Anderson, James E. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Anderson, Lillian R. — Landsman, for Yeoman, Naval 
 
 Reserve Force. 
 Anderson, Roscoe F. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N. 
 Andrews, Adelbert M. — N. R. F. 
 Andrews, Edward L. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Andrews, John A. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Dixie." 
 Andrews, John E. — Chief Yeoman, U. S. S. "Penn." 
 Andrews, Louis — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Andriatch, Angelo M. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Andrzejewski, James — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Angert, Jack — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a). 
 Angert, Otto — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a). 
 Angrisano, Louis A. — 2d-Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Angrisono, Sam A. — Sub-Base Coco Solo. 
 Anselmo, Joseph J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Antczak, Frank E. — Chief Gunner's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "North Dakota." 
 Antzak, Stanley E. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Appelthum, Julius M. — Ist-class Carpenter's Mate, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Arbogast, Clarence F. — Electrician, U. S. S. "Ala." 
 Arcara, Carl J. — Seaman. 
 Archer, Albert J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Archer, Ernest — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Arcowitz, Leo — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Arendt, Bernard J. — Naval Air Station, Coco Solo. 
 Arendt, Thomas — Ist-class Boatswain's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Berwyn." 
 Arent, Stephen T.— U. S. S. "Leviathan." 
 Argus, Edward S. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Armstrong, David C. — Landsman, for Machinist's 
 
 Mate (a), N. R. F. 
 Armstrong, Walter L. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, 
 
 Sub-chaser 56th Squadron. 
 Armstrong, Wesley A. — Chief Quartermaster (a), 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Arnold, Harry W. — Landsman (e), N. R. F. 
 Art, Albert J.— Chief Watertender, U. S. S. "Shaw- 
 
 mut." 
 Art, Alexander J. — Seaman. 
 Ast, Chas. F.— Pvt., Naval Coast Guard. 
 Ast, R. J. — Ensign, Pay Corps, Naval Reserve. 
 Atcheson, Thomas J. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Atkins, Frederick J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Atkinson, Earl H. — Machinist's Mate, North Bombing 
 
 Squadron. 
 Audino, Russell J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Ault, Harlow R.— Sailor, U. S. S. " Monagham." 
 Autzak, John G. — Coxswain, N. R. F. 
 Avery, Chas. W., Jr. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 Avery, Edwin P. — Ist-class Quartermaster. Naval 
 
 Air Station. 
 
U. S. Navy 
 
 625 
 
 Avery, Edwin P. — Landsman, Quartermaster (a) 
 
 Navy. 
 Avolt, Wm. V. — Apprentice Seaman. U. S. S. Onon- 
 daga. 
 Ayers, Thomas C. — Ist-class Ship's Cook. 
 Ayres, Victor — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N. R. F. 
 Babbitt, Thomas R.— U. S. S. "Martha Washington." 
 Babiner, Albert J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 Bach, Otto — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Bachman, Joseph L. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, Naval 
 
 Base 17. 
 Back, Milton L. — 2d-class Yeoman, Bureau Steam Eng. 
 Backus, Robert H. — Watertender, Great Lakes Station. 
 Bader, Jacob — Landsman, for Yeoman. 
 Baderwitz, John R. — Gunner's Mate. 
 Bagen, Eugene — Seaman, U. S. S. "Fred K. Lucken- 
 
 back." 
 Bagley, Arthur B. — Lieut., Junior Guard, U. S. S. 
 
 "Alaskan." 
 Bagley, Perry G. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Baier, Henry E. — Chief Electrician, Naval Aviation. 
 Bailey, Frank J.— Lieut., U. S. S. "Tenadores." 
 Bailey, Harry F. — 2d-class Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Baker, David S.— Chief Machinist's Mate, N. R. F. 
 Baker, Lyman A. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Rena 
 
 Mercedes." 
 Baker, Roger M.— 2d-Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Balachowski, Frank J. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. 
 
 "Israel." 
 Baldauf, Augustus F. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Baldensperger, Arthur F. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Balk, Albert J.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Ball, Henry J. — Quartermaster. 
 Ball, John A.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Ballard, Edward J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Baltz, George M. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a) 
 Bambam, Erwin F. — Yeoman, U. S. S. "Tacoma." 
 Bamister, Arthur J. — 2d-class Seaman. 
 Banchspies, Wm. L. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Baner, Joseph — Coxswain. 
 Banfield, Clifford— Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Hancock." 
 
 Injured April, 1918. 
 Banks, George W.— Yeoman, U. S. S. "Chester." 
 Baranowski, Frank B. — Ships Co., Newport, R. I. 
 Barbera, Jack — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Barendt, August A. — Chief Machinist, U. S. S. "Aphro- 
 dite." 
 Barger, Darl V. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a), N. 
 Barkowski, S. J.— U. S. S. "Paruco." 
 Barnard, Leon B. 
 Barner, Charles B. — Machinist's Mate, Destroyer 
 
 "Duncan." 
 Barnaby, Walter T. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Agamemnon." 
 Barnes, Frank C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Barnes, Raymond M. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Barnes, Wallace E. — Landmsan, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 Barone, Charles — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. Submarine B. 
 
 Barr, Culver A. — Hospital Apprentice, N. R. F. 
 
 Barraclaugh, Arthur — Ist-class Quartermaster, U. S. 
 Naval Aviation. 
 
 Barraclaugh, Harry — Ist-class Quartermaster, U. S. 
 Naval Aviation. 
 
 Barrett, Edward C— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Barrett, Irving T. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a) 
 
 Barry, Hayes P., Jr.— Ist-class Petty Officer, U. S. S. 
 "Tiger." 
 
 Barth, Albert E.— U. S. S. "South Carolina." 
 
 Barth, Frank — Lieut., U. S. S. "Mongolia." 
 
 Bartholomy, Carl E. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Barton, Francis H. — Ist-class Radio, U. S. S. "Minne- 
 apolis." 
 
 Bartley, Arthur H.— Oiler, N. R. F. 
 
 Bartscheck, Max F. — 2d-class Electrician, N. R. F. 
 
 Basinski, Stanley — Fireman, U. S. S. "Agamemnon." 
 
 Basinski, Stanley S. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Basinski, Walter J. — Machinist, Torpedo Station, New- 
 port, R. I. 
 
 Bastedo, Paul H. — Lieut.-Com., Submarine Chaser. 
 
 Decorated by Italian Government. 
 
 Basztura, Joseph. 
 
 Bates, Charles — Ensign. 
 
 Baty, Robert — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N. R. F. 
 
 Bauchspies, William L. — Seaman, Receiving Ship, 
 Bumpin Island. 
 
 Bauer, Fred W. — Ist-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 
 Bauer, George A. — Seaman, U. S. "Seminole." Injured 
 September, 1918. 
 
 Bauman, Joseph — Fireman, U. S. S. "Lake Frances." 
 
 Baumeier, Henry N. — 3d-class Pharmacist's Mate, U. S. 
 S. "Seattle," 
 
 Bayer, George W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Bayer, John J. — Oiler. 
 
 Baynes, Joseph M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Bayuse, Michael M. — 3d-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Kon- 
 ingender Nederlan'ds." 
 
 Bazley, Walter — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Beach, Charles W. — Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. "Puri- 
 tan." 
 
 Beagfe, William E. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Beatty, George E. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Beatty, John F.— 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Beatty, William E. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Beaulac, Leon J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Beaumarchais, Albert A. — 2d-class Hospital Appren- 
 tice. 
 
 Beaumarchais, Albert — 3d-class Electrician, U. S. S. 
 "Sterling." 
 
 Becher, Chester G. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Beck, Elmer J. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N. R. F. 
 
 Beck, Sylvester J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Becker, Carl F.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Becker, Chester G. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Becker, Henry C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Becker, Lorenz C. — Coxswain, U. S. S. "Eagle." 
 
 Becker, Samuel T. — Chief Quartermaster (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Beggs, Samuel J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
626 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Behen, Joseph V. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Beilman, Albert F. — Gunner, U. S. Destroyer "Downs" 
 
 Beilstein, George N. — Seaman, Naval rifle range. 
 
 Beitz, Charles F. — Fireman. 
 
 Beitz, Norman A. — Yeoman. 
 
 Beitz, Stanley J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Belinson, Jacob — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Bell, Chester D.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Bell, Robert C. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Beller, Edward G.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Bellville, Eugene J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Bender, Fred W. — Naval Militia. 
 
 Bender, Henry M. — Ist-class Lieut., U. S. S. "Lake 
 
 Shore." 
 Bender, Louis P. — U. S. S. "Liberator." 
 Bennam, Marshal — 2d-class Machinists' Mate. 
 Benner, Clayton — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Bennett, Charles D.— Lieut., N. R. F. 
 Bennett, Edmund W. — Chief Quartermaster, U. S. S. 
 
 "Arval." 
 Benning, Earl F. — Ist-class Quartermaster, Naval Avn. 
 Benshadle, Herbert J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Bentley, Edmund — U. S. S. "Florence H." Injured, 
 
 April 17, 1918. 
 Bentley, George J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Benthel, Howard G.— Seaman, U. S. S. "New York." 
 Benware, Lawrence J. — 2d-class Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Benyes, Jacob — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a), N. 
 Benz, Frank Z. — 2d-class Seaman, Receiving Ship, 
 
 "New York City." 
 Benz, Lewis F. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Galveston." 
 Beres, Martin J.— Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. "0 13." 
 Bergman, Theodore— Chief Petty OflScer, N. R. F. 
 Bergner, Edward F. R.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Berkley, Harry F., Jr. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Berlinghoff, Geo. E.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Bermeitinger, Leroy C. — Pvt., Marine Aviation. 
 Bernbeck, Frank C. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Berndt, Walter L. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 Berndt, Edward J. — Seaman. 
 Berner, Carl J. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Bernges, Willbert M. — Coxswain, U. S. Naval Aviation. 
 Berry, Daniel E. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 Bertrand, Joseph W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F . 
 Bertsch, George J. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S 
 
 "Promethens." 
 Bertsch, Karl F. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N. R.F. 
 Besser, William J.— U. S. S. "Dixie." 
 Best, John P.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Beston, Michael V. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Bethmann, Albert F. — Machinist's Mate (a), N. R. F. 
 Bettinger, Clifford S. — Landsman, for Machinist's 
 
 Mate (a), N. R. F. 
 Beu, Emil P. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Beuthel, Howard G.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Beveridge, Roy B. — 2d-class Seaman, Wissahickon Bar. 
 Bewley, Norman M. — Ist-class Electrician, U. S. S. 
 
 "Texas." 
 
 Beyer, Chester — Pvt., Marine. 
 Bezio, Clarence — Sub Corps 10th Battalion. 
 Bialoblocki, Alexander H. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Bialy, Ben J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a), 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Biegapski, Ernest W. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. 
 
 S. "Wachusett." Injured February, 1918. 
 Bigham, William J. — 1st class Fireman. U. S. S. " Charl- 
 
 ston. 
 Bilger, Wm. F,— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Billica, Henry H. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a) 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Billica, Wm. C— 2d-class Pharmacist Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Orezaba." 
 Bilskey, August J.— Pvt., U. S. S. "Wyoming." 
 Binger, George E. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Binzo, Francis M. — Ist-class Machinist, U. S. S. "K-5." 
 Bird, Frank C— A. S. C. M. F. 
 Bird, Harold A. — Chief Yeoman, Navy Recruiting 
 
 Station, Buffalo. 
 Bird, John H. — Hampton Roads, Va. 
 Bird, L. T.— Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S. Steam Eng. 
 
 School. 
 Bird, Walter— U. S. S. "Ohio." 
 Birk, Christ W. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, Navy. 
 Birk, Reginald H. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Birkemeir, Edmund A. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Bischoff, William A. — Landsman, for Carp'rs Mate(a). 
 Biskupski, Leo — U. S. S. "Kentucky." 
 Bissinger, Arthur J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Bittner, Elmer M. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 Black, Kenneth C. — Radio and Electrician, Transport. 
 Blackmore, George R. — 2d-class Machinist. 
 Blaicher, W. D.— Lieut., N. R. F. 
 Blake, Clifford M. — Landsman, Machinist's Mate (a), 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Blake, Evarts I. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Blake, Octave — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Blake, Willard J.— 2d-class Electrician (r), U. S. S. 
 
 "Agamemnon." 
 Blaney, Joseph L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Blankenberg, Philip — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Blaser, Joseph M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Blatner, Raymond — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 Blessing, Conrad J. — Hospital Apprentice, N. R. F. 
 Blumenschine, Leonard G. — Chief Yeoman, Base 9, 
 
 Gibraltar. 
 Blumreich, Frank — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Bly, Ralph C. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Boardman, Ralph — Gunner's Mate, Receiving Ship, 
 
 "Philadelphia." 
 Boasberg, Norman — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Bock, Edward C— Radio Observer, N. R. F. 
 Bodamer, Harold L. — Chief Yeoman, Bureau of Nav'n. 
 Bodecker, Wm. F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Bodkin, William N. — 2d-class Fireman. 
 Boeck, Phillip D.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Bogacki, Joseph H. — Landsman, for Baker. 
 Bogart, Raymond — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
U. S. Navy 
 
 627 
 
 Bojanek, Leo — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Boland, Raymond W. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Boldt, F. W.— Ensign. 
 
 Boiler, Joseph M. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Bollinger, Arthur H. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Bolognes, Frank — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Boltz, Christ E.— Chief Machinist's Mate— U. S. S. 
 "Warrington." 
 
 Bonnar, Benjamin H. — Chief Yeoman, Coast Inspect- 
 or's Office. 
 
 Bonnett, Henry 0. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R.F. 
 
 Bordwell, Harold V.— Seaman, U. S. S. "Seattle." 
 
 Bork, Abel J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Bork, Joseph G. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Bork, Phillip J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Bork, WilHam F.— Gun Capt., U. S. S. "New Hamp- 
 shire." 
 
 Borkowicz, Ignatius — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Borkowicz, J. F. — U. S. S. "Missouri." 
 
 Borkowski, Stanley J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Borowiak, Valentine — U. S. S. "Helenita." 
 
 Bosworth, Freeman S. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Bouer, Felix J. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Searra." Injured 
 January, 1918. 
 
 Boutet, George H. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Bowen, Elmer A. — 3d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 
 Bowen, George T. — 2d-class Fireman. 
 
 Bowers, Frank J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Bower, Felix J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 BowTnan, Grant L. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Boyce, LeRoy — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Boyd, Lester — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Boyle, George T. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Lake 
 Wilson." 
 
 Boyle, Walter J. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a), N. 
 
 Boysen, Arthur F. — Landsman, for Ship's Cook, N.R.F. 
 
 Bozzuto, John — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Brach, Albert — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a), 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Brach, John — 2d-class Seaman, Naval Rifle Range, 
 Annapolis. 
 
 Braciak, Stanley — Portsmouth Na\'y Yard. 
 
 Bradley, Charlotte A. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N.R.F. 
 
 Bradley, Chester W.— Fireman, U. S. S. "Ohio." 
 
 Bradley, Leonard E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Brady, Bernard A. — Ist-class Engineer, U. S. S. "Chi- 
 cago." 
 
 Brady, Mable E. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Brand, Howard J.— U. S. S. "Badger," 
 
 Brand, Norman T. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Kearsarge." 
 
 Brandt, Max — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Brandys, Stephen — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Brauer, Henry J. — Musician, U. S. S. "Nevada." 
 
 Braun, Charles E. — Naval Aviation. 
 
 Brarak, Stanley — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Breen, Edward — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Brecht, Fred— Pvt., U. S. Coast Guards 4. 
 
 Bredemeier, Carl L. — Ensign. 
 
 Breeze, Healy B. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Brehm, Paul W.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Breier, Jacob — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Breker, John F. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a). 
 
 Brendel, John M. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a). 
 
 Brennan, Edward — Chief Yeoman, Naval Hospital, 
 Newport News. 
 
 Brennan, James E. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Brennan, Loran C. — Carpenter's Mate, Great Lakes 
 Training Station. 
 
 Brennan, Leo J., — 2d-class Seaman, Navy Rifle Range, 
 Rumford. 
 
 Brennan, Thomas F. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Brennan, William J. — Electrician, U. S. S. "Harris- 
 burg." 
 
 Brennison, Walter A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Breidenstein, Henry P., Jr. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Bresker, Otto F. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a). 
 
 Brettle, A. C. — Lieut. Naval Reserve. 
 
 Brewster, John N. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Brice, Edgar M. — 2d-class Carpenter's Mate, Naval 
 Aviation. 
 
 Brider, Joseph B. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Briggs, E. H. — Lieut. 
 
 Briggs, Horace A. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Brindle, Arthur F. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Brinkworth, Frank J. — Seaman. 
 
 Briskupski, Leo W. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Brisson, James M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Britt, Arthur D. — Storekeeper, Great Lakes. 
 
 Broad, Thomas — Apprentice Seaman N. R. F. 
 
 Brachmann, Stephen — U. S. S. "Washington." 
 
 Brock, Arthur A. — U. S. Naval Base 27. Injured No- 
 vember, 1917. 
 
 Brock, Frederick H.— U. S. Naval Base 27. 
 
 Brock, Wm. J. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Bronson, Edward J. 
 
 Brost, Edward C. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Brouk, Frank L. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Brown, Benjamin — 2d-class Apprentice Machinist. 
 
 Brown, Charles E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Brown, Charles J. — Ensign, Engineering Duties Only, 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Brown, Clarence E. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 
 Brown, Daniel — Sailor, 7th Naval Regiment 
 
 Brown, Edward V. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Brown, Eldred E. — Carpenter's Mate, N. R. F. 
 
 Brown, Floyd E.— Ist-class Eng., U. S. S. "Munalbro." 
 
 Brown, F. Fulton— Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Ohio." 
 
 Brown, Harold F. — Ist-class Hosp. Apprentice, N.R.F. 
 
 Brown, Harold L. — Landsman (e), N. R. F. 
 
 Brown, H. L. — Lieut. Commander. 
 
 Brown, John — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Brown, Lester G. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Brown, Robert J. — 2d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 
 Brown, Russell P. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Brown, William M. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Browne, John E. — Merchant Marine. 
 
 Browning, Brough L. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, N. 
 R. F. 
 
628 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Bruce, Chandler L. — Chief Boatswain's Mate, U. S. S. 
 "Wisconsin." 
 
 Bruce, Oliver S.— Ensign, N. R. F. 
 
 Brunner, Edward — U. S. Naval Radio Station, Say- 
 ville, L. I. 
 
 Brunner, Evan C. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 
 Brunner, Richard A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Bruso, John C— N. R. F. 
 
 Brylinski, Frank M. — U. S. N. Training Station, New- 
 port, R. L 
 
 Brylinski, J. F.— U. S. N. Hospital. W July 21, 1918. 
 
 Bryliski, John F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Brzykay, Leonard C. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Brzykey, Walter M. — Seaman, U. S. S. " Rhode Island." 
 
 Buboltz, Bernard B. — Gunner's Mate, U. S. S. "Texas." 
 
 Buboltz, Frank J.— Seaman, U. S. S. "Oklahoma." 
 
 Buboltz, Stephen A. — Ist-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Sus- 
 quehanna." 
 
 Buchanan, Ellsworth J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Buchanan, James L. 
 
 Buchanan, W. B. — Lieut. 
 
 Buchno, John B.— N. R. F. 
 
 Buckey, Fred — 2d-class Musician. 
 
 Buckley, Jeremiah F. — Landsman Yeoman. 
 
 Buckpitt, Milton J. — Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. "Cov- 
 ington." Injured July 1, 1918. 
 
 Buechle, Albert G. — Yeoman, Great Lakes Naval Sta. 
 
 Buhlotz, Frank J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Buks, William — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Bulger, Leon W. — Ist-class Boatswain Mate, U. S. S. 
 "Brooklyn." 
 
 BuUard, Washington — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Bump, William H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Bunce, John P.— U. S. S. "North Dakota." 
 
 Bundrock, Walter H. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. 
 S. Navy Headquarters. 
 
 Bundt, Elmer F. J.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Burd, Daniel E. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Burd, Theodore A. — Ensign, Naval Aviation. 
 
 Bure, Lee T.— 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Iowa." 
 
 Burg, Henry M. — Chief Petty Officer, Naval Aviation 
 School. 
 
 Burkard, Albert — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 
 Burke, Alan T. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 
 Burke, Elmer E. — Ist-class Quartermaster, U. S. S. 
 "Snohomish." 
 
 Burke, Frank D. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Burke, Harry T. — Ist-class Yeoman, Pelham Bay. 
 
 Burke, James J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Burke, Joseph J. — Coxswain, U. S. Coast Guards. 
 
 Burke, WilHam — Corp., U. S. Guards. 
 
 Burke, William A. — Landsman, for Electrician Radio, 
 Great Lakes, 111. 
 
 Burkhardt, Elmer J. — Ist-class Watertender, U. S. S. 
 "Acusanet." 
 
 Burmeister, Edwin W. — Bugler, 5th Coast Guards. 
 
 Burns, Harry A. — Coal Passer. 
 
 Burns, Harry J. — Landsman, Machinist's Mate (a), N. 
 
 Burns, Lewis F. — Ist-class Fireman, U.S.S." Montana." 
 
 Burns, Peter A. — Sailor, Great Lakes. 
 
 Burrow, Erwin W. — -Ist-class Signalman, U. S. S. "New 
 
 York." 
 Bursztyn, Frank A. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Burt, Paul — Acting Chaplain. 
 Burt, Sylvester — Seaman. 
 
 Burtynski, John S. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Bush, Jerome J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Bush, Joseph F. — Apprentice Seaman, U. S. S. "Wyom- 
 ing." 
 Bush, Rudolph F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Bussel, Joseph~Pvt., U. S. C. G. 
 Bussingham, Wm. C. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Butcher, Oscar W. — Oiler. 
 Butler, Frank J.— Chief Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Butler, L. J.— Ward Chief, N. R. F. 
 Button, Leon B. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a), 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Butynski, John S. — U. S. S. "Susquehanna." 
 Butz, Chas. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Newport News." 
 Byers, J. N.— Lieut., N. R. F. 
 Byers, Newton J. — Lieut.. 
 
 Byrnes, Mary A. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Byrns, Myles F. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a). 
 Byron, Robert W. 
 
 Cabana, Alexander S. — School, U. S. N. Radio, NavaL 
 Cafarelli, Louis F. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Calasante, Frank M. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Callahan, Daniel J. — Coal Passer. 
 Cameron, Duncan — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 Camizzi, Michael — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a) 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Campagne, Vincent J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Campbell, Alexander E. — Ist-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 Campbell, Charles A. — Landsman, for Carpenter's 
 
 Mate (a), N. R. F. 
 Campbell, Gordon — Ist-class Fireman. 
 Campbell, Norman F. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Candee, Dean J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Cannici, Vincent C. — Ist-class Electrician, U. S. S. 
 
 "Georgia." 
 Cannon, Hiram B.— Lieut. (J. G.), N. R. F. 
 Canteline, Irving — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a) 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Cantlin, Thomas — Ist-class Yeoman. 
 Cantor, Maurice F. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Canty, Joseph — Apprentice Seaman, Students' Army 
 
 Training Camp (U. of B.) 
 Capelle, August E. — Navy, Engineers. 
 Carberry, Frank E. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Cardarella, Samuel S. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Carl, Herman W. — Ist-Assistant Eng., U. S. S. "Zara." 
 Carlin, Francis L. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 Carlton, Claudins L. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Carpenter, Carl F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Carpenter, William H. — Landsman, for Machinist's 
 
 Mate (a), N. R. F. 
 
U. S. Navy 
 
 629 
 
 Carr, Charles J. — Oiler, "Casuell." 
 
 Carr, J. Vincent — Gunner, "New Hampshire." 
 
 Carriero, Dominic L. — Landsman, for Ship's Cook, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Carrig, Matthew — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Carroll, Alfred W. — Ist-class Fireman, S. "Carolina." 
 Carroll, James E.— P. F., N. R. F. 
 Carts, Burton E. — 3d-class Fireman,. 
 Caruana, J. A. — Seaman Signalman. 
 Carver, Albert J. — Ist-class Electrician, Radium.N.R.F. 
 Case, 0. J. — Lieut., Junior Grade, N. R. F. 
 Case, Roland A. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a), 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Casey, Charles V. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Casmey, James E. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Maumee." 
 Cassady, Walter J. — Carpenter's Mate, Coast Guards, 
 
 N. Y. Division. 
 Cassidy, Elmer G.— Water Tender, U. S. S. "Bell." 
 Castle, Joseph G. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Catlin, Lee A. — Apprentice Seanam. 
 Caull, Stafford J. — 3d-class Chief Machinist's Mate, 
 
 Naval Aviation. 
 Caufield, Thojas F. — 3d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 Cautor, Maurice F. — Yeoman, U. S. S. "Granite State." 
 Cave, Roderick Baldwin — Boatswain's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Indianapolis." 
 Cegilski, Stephen S. — Ist-class Pvt. Fireman, U. S. S. 
 Chabot, John O.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Chabot, Theodore T. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Chadderdon, Howard W. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Chadwick, Max L. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 Chamberlain, Charles D. — Coxswain, N. R. F. 
 Chamberlain, William H. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. 
 
 "Kansas." 
 Chanler, Harold J. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N. R.F. 
 Chapin, Ralph H. — Machinist's Mate, "Kernover." 
 Chapman, George, Jr. — Seaman, U.S.S. "Commanche." 
 Charters, William T. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. 
 
 R. F. 
 Chartrand, Victor S. — Chief Yeoman, U. S. Coast 
 
 Guard Headquarters. 
 Chase, Earl H. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 Chasin, John J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Chadwick, Max L. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 Chilcott, Fred A. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Chirico, Anthony P. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Chittenden, Richard — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Min- 
 nesota." 
 Chmiel, Stanley — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Chmiewlski, Edward J. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Nebraska." 
 Chojnacki, Walter — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Christ, Ernst L. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Christiano, Augustine J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Cichocki, Edward — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Cienny, Leo B. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Cipolla, Dominic — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Ciresi, James J. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, U. S. 
 
 Naval Hospital, Portsmouth, Va. 
 Clabeaux, Francis — Seaman, Patrol Boat. 
 
 Claus, Harry E. — Landsman, for Electrician (R), 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Clapp, Andrew W. — Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S. 
 
 N. R.F. 
 Clapper, George Reid — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Claps, Paul M. — Navy, 11th Regiment. 
 Clark, Alexander H. — Boatswain, U. S. S. "Vixen." 
 Clark, Benjamin W. — Ist-class Gunner's Mate, Great 
 
 Lakes Station. 
 Clark, Edwin — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Clark, Edward F. — Yeoman, U. S. S. "Tallapoosa." 
 Clark, Francis R. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Clark, Fred C— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Clark, George F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Clark, J. B.— Lieut., Junior Grade, N. R. F. 
 Clark, Leonard A. — Gunner's Mate, U. S. S. "Nevada." 
 Clark, Walter Morris — Seaman. 
 Clarke, Joseph L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Clarke, Joseph W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Clarke, William B. — Ist-class Gunner's Mate, Aviation, 
 
 Naval Air Station. 
 Claus, H. E. — Co. Commander, Navy Great Lakes. 
 Claus, William P.— 2d-elass Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Claxton, James A. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 Clayson, Earl J. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Cleary, Bernard T. — 2d-class Mate, Navy Aviation. 
 Cleary, Victor J. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Cleesattell, John F. — Seaman. 
 Clift, George W. — Ist-class Fireman. 
 Clift, William W.— Ist-class Petty Officer, U. S. S. 
 
 "Pueblo." 
 Climenhage, Isaac — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Cline, Leroy W. — Apprentice Seaman. N. R. F. 
 Cline, Oswald G. — 2d-class Machine Mate. 
 Closkey, Otto J. H.— Oiler, U. S. S. "Sigourney." 
 Closkey, William— Ist-class Cook, U. S. S. "Swallow." 
 Coatsworth, Albert E.— Radio Operator, U. S. S. "Col. 
 
 E. L. Drake." 
 Coatsworth, C. J.— Ensign, N. R. F. 
 Coatsworth, Emerson E. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Coatsworth, Harold T.— Electrician, U. S. S. "South 
 
 Carolina." 
 Cochrane, William J. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Cogan, Charles R. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Cohn, Edward J.— Chief Petty Officer, Navy Intelli- 
 gence Dept. 
 Cohen, Louis — Ist-class Yeoman. 
 Cohen, Samuel I. — Ist-class Pharmacist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Calamares." 
 Cohn, Edward J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Cole, Clarence E. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Cole, Gordon K.— Seaman, Navy, U. S. S. "Mt. Ver- 
 non." (Sunk September 5, 1918.) 
 Coleman, Chester R.— 2d-Boatswain's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Matsonia." 
 Coleman, James H. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Coley, George H. — Fireman, U. S. "Ohio." 
 
630 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Coldwell, Janet M. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Coley, George — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Coligan, John R. — Ist-class Mate, U. S. S. "Iroquois." 
 Colligan, Robert H. — Landsman (e), N. R. F. 
 Collins, Anthony F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Collins, Arthur W. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Collins, Francis V. — 2d-class Signalman, U. S. S. " Man- 
 churia." 
 Collins, Henry J. — Chief Yeoman, Recruiting Officer, 
 
 U. S. N. 
 Collins, James W. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Collins, John J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Collins, Thomas J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Collins, James W. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Rhode Island." 
 Colosante, Frank M. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Olympia." 
 Command, Constantino — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Conant, Lewis C. — 2d-class Quartermaster, N. R. F. 
 Condon, Michael J. — Ist-class Seaman, " Santa Teresa ." 
 Condon, Stephen V. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Cone, Dominic P. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Conley, John J. — Apprentice Seaman, Co. C, Ohio 
 
 Northern University. 
 Conley, Lawrence L. — Landsman, for Machinist's 
 
 Mate (ai, N. R. F. 
 Conley, Howard H. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Housatonic." 
 Conlin, Thomas J. — Chief Electrician, U. S. Naval Air 
 
 Forces. 
 Conlon, William E. — 1st Engineer, U. S. S. "Swallow." 
 Conolly, James J.— Ensign (D), N. R. F. 
 Connelly, John F.— C. O. P., Great Lakes. 
 Connelly, William M. — Lieut., U. S. S. "Tenadores." 
 Conner, John F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Connelly, Allyn P. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Connolly, Charles R. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Connolly, J. J.— Ensign, U. S. N. R. F. 
 Connolly, Paul J. — Ist-class Skipper, N. R. F. 
 Connor, John H. — Ist-class Quartermaster, Naval 
 
 Aviation Forces. 
 Connor, Jos. E., Fireman, U. S. N. Base No. 29. 
 Connor, Norton L. — Signal Quartermaster, U. S. S. 
 
 "Oscondaga." 
 Connors, W. J., Jr.— Ensign, U. S. N. R. F. 
 Conrad, Edward H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Conrad, Ra^Tnond H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Conshafter, Henry D. — Landsman, for Carpenter's 
 
 Mate (a). 
 Coshman, Maurice — U. S. Naval Air Station. 
 Constable, William — Lieut., U. S. S. "Lake Harney." 
 Conway, Charles A., 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N. 
 
 R. F. 
 Cooke, Allen B. — 3d Quartermaster, "Zeelandia" 
 
 (transport). 
 Cook, Joseph, Apprentice Seaman. 
 Cook, Myron H. — Seaman. 
 Cooley, George G. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N. 
 
 R. F. 
 Coonly, Edward J. — Lieut., U. S. S. "Lake Pleasant." 
 Cooper, Gayl. E.— Chief Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Cooper, Irene Mary — Landsman, for Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Cooper, J. V. — Gunner. 
 
 Corcoran, Frank B. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N. 
 
 R. F. 
 Corcoran, Herbert J. — Ensign, Newport, R. I. 
 Cordner, John W. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Corell, Leonard J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F. 
 Carrao, Charles — Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Corser, Elroy M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Corsey, Howard — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Cosby, Albert — 3d-class M. A. 
 Costella, James J. — 2d-class Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Costello, Thomas H. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Cotter, John J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Coughlin, Myles M. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Courtney, C. E. — Ensign. 
 
 Courtney, John E. — 2d-class Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Coveney, William B.— 2d Ship's Cook, U. S. S. " Illinois." 
 Cowell, George F. — 2d-class Fireman Seaman. 
 Cowels, J. Lee — Sergt., Nav. Res. Inf. (overseas 
 
 casuals). 
 Coxhead, Charles B. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. 
 
 R. F. 
 Cramer, Edward — Seaman. 
 Cramer, Kenneth, A. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Cratta, Wm. P. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Crawford, Harrison H. — Ensign, Great Lakes. 
 Cray, James L. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Creekmore, Clarence E. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 Creswell, Charles — Chief Machinist's Mate, N. R. F. 
 Cronyn, Philip J. — Petty Officer, "Wyoming." 
 Crosby, Henry W. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F. 
 Crotty, Edward H.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Crotty, Thomas J. — Seaman. On "Mt. Vernon" when 
 
 torpedoed September 5, 1918. 
 Culhane, Gerald P.— Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S. 
 
 Naval Aviation Reserve. 
 Craut, Benj. Carl., 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Jupiter." 
 Cryan, Clair M. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Cummings, Wm. J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Cunion, Clarence E. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. 
 
 R. F. 
 Cunningham, Cornelius F. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, 
 
 Navy. 
 Cunningham, Harry J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Cunningham, R. J. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 Curran, Harold R. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N. 
 
 R. F. 
 Curren, Thomas F. — 2d-class Landsman, for Ma- 
 chinist's Mate, N. R. F. 
 Curtis, Henry H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Custer, John E. — Blacksmith. 
 Cutter, Charles J. — Ist-class Yeoman, Dorchester, 
 
 Mass. 
 Cutting, Albert J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Cutting, Charles G. — Chief Storekeeper, Chief Naval 
 
 Storekeeper. 
 Cutting, Samuel E. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 Cuyler, Theodore J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Cwchlincki, John, Naval A\nation. 
 Cwiklinski, John — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N.R.F. 
 Cwilinski, John — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a). 
 
U. S. Navy 
 
 631 
 
 Cyganek, Barnard, New Jersey, Leviathan. 
 
 Cyrany, Walter S. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Cyran, Michael A.— Co. 100, Unit B, Regt. 2d Naval 
 Operation Base, Hampton Roads, Va. 
 
 Czaja, Walter F.— ^Ist-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Rhode 
 Island." 
 
 Czerwinswi, Stephen F. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Dabritz, Oscar H. — Radio Operator, U. S. S. "Xairfa." 
 
 Daggett, Clark C. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a). 
 
 Dailey, Morris L. — Ship's Writer, " Winnisennet." 
 
 Daley, Cyril D.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Dalton, John W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Dalton, Thomas W.— 2d Seaman, Base No. 6, 3d Naval 
 Reserve, N. R. F. 
 
 Daly, Edward M. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Daly, George J. — 2d-class Seaman, Navy, U. S. "Mt. 
 Vernon." 
 
 Daly, James F. — U. S. S. "Onondaga." 
 
 Daly, Martin J., Jr. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Damian, Daniel J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Danahy, John — 2d-class Fireman. 
 
 Daniels, Edward L. — Chief Boatswain's Mate, B. U. S. 
 Navy R 7. 
 
 Daniels, Edward L — Machinist. 
 
 Daniels, William F. — 3d-class Fireman, N. F. R. 
 
 Daniszka, F. J.— Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Ohio." 
 
 Danner, Joseph E. — Ist-class Carpenter, "Arcadon." 
 
 Danuan, Daniel J. — Gunner's Mate School. 
 
 Dannebrock, Edward G. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 
 Danz, Henry H., Jr. — Chief Quartermaster, U. S. S. 
 "Colhoun." 
 
 Danz, William H. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, N.R.F. 
 
 Danz, William — Capt., Navy. Pen. Florida Sea- 
 plane. 
 
 Daralorsky, Frank — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Darroch, Frank N. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Daruzka, 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Daruzka, Frank J.— U. S. S. "Ohio." 
 
 Daut, Albert— Navy, U. S. S. "Western." 
 
 Davenport, George H. — Ist-class Fireman Seaman, N. 
 
 Daver, Cecil S. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Davies, Joseph — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Davis, Frank W.— Seaman, No. 58, Unit X, N. R. F. 
 
 Davis, George W. — 3d-class M. A. 
 
 Davis, Harry J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Davis, Harry W. — U. S. S. "Lake Geneva." 
 
 Davis, Harry W. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Davis, Henry G. — Petty Officer, Transport Service. 
 
 Davis, James A. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 
 Davis, James F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Davis, John J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Davis, John J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Davis, Thomas A. — 2d-class Carpenter's Mate, Balti- 
 more Navy Yard. 
 
 Davis, William J. — 2d-class Quartermaster, U. S. Mer- 
 chant Transports. 
 
 Davis, William T. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Davison, Alfred R. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Dawson, W. Picken — Seaman, Receiving Ship at 
 
 Boston. 
 Day, Clifford L.— Pvt., 39th, 1st Marine Aviation. 
 
 Day, David E. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Dayton, Russell J. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 
 Deboy, Franklin C. 
 
 Debski, Frank — Fireman, Balboa Canal Zone, 15th 
 Naval District. 
 
 De Castro, Julian E.~C. I. M. (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Decker, John J. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Deckop, James A. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 
 Dedloff, William C. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Deegan, John M. — Seaman, Navy, Rifle Range. 
 
 De Ford, Harold L.~2d-class' Lieut., 26, U. S. S. C. 
 
 Deglopper, Roy A. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Deiboldt, Gerhard J. — Ist-class Boatswain's Mate, U. S. 
 S. "Oklahoma." 
 
 Deiboldt, George E. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Deintzer, Frank J. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Deitrich, Arthur W. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Deitrich, William C. — Ist-class Hospital Apprentice, 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Deitsch, Karl J. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate, 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Dekdebomm, John H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Dekdelrenn, John H.— Pvt., U. S. Navy Rifle Range. 
 
 Delaney, Edward J. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Delaney, John E. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 
 Dell, Bidwell A. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Hamptington." 
 
 Dellwardt, Raymond H. — 3d-class Electrician (R), 
 Naval Radio. 
 
 Dengler, Norman A. — 2d-class Coppersmith, N. R. F. 
 
 De Niord, Kelvin RF.— U. S. Naval School 10. 
 
 Denier, William N. — Landsman, for L M. (a). 
 
 Dennis, Vernon E. — 3d-class Electrician, N. R. F. 
 
 De Noon, Earl M. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Depew, Ganson G. — Lieut., N. R. F. Corps. 
 
 De Prina, Robert S. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Deritt, William M. — Navy, Camp. 
 
 Derner, Albert—lst-class S. F., U. S. Navy Radio Det. 
 
 Derszczak, Stephen — Landsman, for Carp'r's Mate (ai. 
 
 Desmond, Robert R. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 De Spirt, Giles — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, N.'R. F. 
 
 Detenbeck, Fred C. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F. 
 
 Devaney, Flalion J. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Devoe, John J. — Ist-class Engineer, "Stevens" and 
 "Kimberly." 
 
 Devoe, John J. — Coxswain, Navy (Reserve). 
 
 Dewey, Leonard J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Dewitt, William M.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 De Witt, Reginald M. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 
 De Wolf, Edwin C— Gunner, 6th Div., U. S. S. "North 
 Carolina." 
 
 Deyo, Marion — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Diamond, Clark G. — Ensign, Naval Aviation. 
 
 Di Bello, Gaston— 17th Regiment, U. S. Naval Forces. 
 
 Dick, Norman J. — 2d-class Seamen, N. R. F. 
 
 Dickey, Samuel J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Didley, Eugene G. — Seaman Inst., U. S. Navy, New- 
 port, R. I. 
 
 Didley, Joseph M.— Coal Passer Only, U. S. S. "Phila- 
 delphia." 
 
632 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Dieboldt, George E. — Seaman, Hampton Roads. 
 Diebrich, Bernard J. — Apprentice Seaman, Naval Unit, 
 
 Rensselaer Poly. Inst. 
 Diedrich, William C. — Pharmacist's Mate, U. S. Navy 
 
 Recruiting Station. 
 Diehl, Russell A. — 3d-class Radio, U. S. S. "Alabama." 
 Diem, Gerald B. — Radio, "Howard." 
 Dier, Calvin V. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a), 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Dietrich, Arthur W. — Ist-class Yeoman, Naval Avia. 
 Dietschler, Louis M. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Dietz, Charles L. — Apprentice Seamen. 
 Dietzer, Gilbert — Ist-class Coppersmith, U. S. S. 
 
 "Stevens." 
 Dikeman, Fred G. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 Dillemuth, Carl C— Lake Clear. 
 Dingman, Harry M. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Disher, James F. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Disher, Joseph H. — 2d-class Quartermaster, N. R. F. 
 Dishes, James F. — Ist-class Yeoman, Naval Turbine S. 
 Dittmar, Robert E. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Divine, Frank E. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Dixon, Clarence M. — Ist-class Carpenter, Naval Avia. 
 Dixon, John S. — 2d-class Fireman, Coast Guard. 
 Dobies, Louis S. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Dobmeier, Andrew F. — Landsman, for Machinist's 
 
 Mate (a), N. R. F. 
 Dobson, John H. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 Dobson, Willard D. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 Doelman, Myron — Ist-class Petty Officer, U. S. S. 
 
 "Henley." 
 Doerfler, John — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, N. R. F. 
 Doettum, Edward A. — 2d-class Seamen, N. R. F. 
 Doettrel, Albert H. — Ist-class Machinist, U. S. S. 
 
 "Kanawha." 
 Doettrel, Charles J. — Ship's writer. Battery Barge, N.Y. 
 Doettrel, Edward A.— N. R. F., Great Lakes. 
 Doettrel, Frank— Chief Mach., U. S. S. "Mt. Vernon." 
 Doherty, Charles W. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Dolan, William J. — Navy Officers' Material School. 
 Dolbear, John R. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Doll, Arthur 0. — Seaman. 
 Domnick, Carl H. — Navy Yard. 
 Dondajewski, Frank — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 Donnebrock, Edwin G.— Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Tona- 
 
 path." 
 Donnelly, John J. — Apprentice Seaman, E, 4th Reg. N. 
 Donnelly, Robert E. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Donovan, Maurice T. — Landsman, for Electrician 
 
 Radio, Naval Radio School, Cambridge, Mass. 
 Dorch, Louis — 2d-class Fireman. 
 Dorcy, Walter E. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Dorn, Arthur J. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Dorscheid, Gerald — Seaman, U. S. Naval Air Station. 
 Dougherty, F. F. — Ensign, U. S. Naval Air Service. 
 Dougherty, Edward J. — Yeoman, S, 15th Regiment. 
 Dove, Clarence J. — Signalman, "Pueblo." 
 Dowdell, William C. — Landsman, for Electrician Radio, 
 
 Naval Aviation. 
 
 Dowling, Elmer J. — Landsman, for Electrician Radio, 
 
 "Pennsylvania." 
 Downs, Harold — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Montana." 
 Drasgow, Arthur J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Dray, James J. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 Dredzinski, Stanislaus — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Drennan, Earl A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Drennan, Stanley — Ist-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Ta- 
 
 coma." 
 Drennen, William H. — Ist-class Yeoman. 
 Drescher, John J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a) 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Drescher, Raymond J. — Landsman, for Carpenter's 
 
 Mate (a), N. R. F. 
 Dress, David R., Jr. — Ist-class Gunner's Mate. 
 Drexelius, Frank J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F. 
 Drexelius, Leo J. — Coxswain, 12th Regiment. 
 Drexelius, Peter G. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Drinkwine, Louis N. — Carpenter's Mate (a), N. R. F. 
 Drinkwine, Richard N. — Ensign, Naval Aviation. 
 Drischak, Herbert W.— 225th U. S. S. C. 
 DriscoU, Dennis — 806th Unit Naval Operating Base, 
 
 Hampton Roads. 
 Driscoll, Frederick — Torpedo Man, 1st Regiment. 
 Driscoll, John J.— U. S. S. "Kentucky." 
 Dritsche, Karl J. — U. S. Naval Aviation Squad. 
 Drumm, Frederick — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Drumm, Raymond L. — Landsman, for Carpenter's 
 
 Mate (a). 
 Drzewiecka, Peter P. — Ist-class Carpenter's Mate, U. S. 
 
 Naval Air Force. 
 Duby, Frank J. — 2d-class Fireman. 
 Duchmann, Edwin G. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Ducker, E. L.— U. S. N. R. F. (Pay Corps.) 
 Dudley, Donald S. — Ensign, 9th Naval Reserve Flying 
 
 Corps. 
 Duff, Walter C— 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Iowa." 
 Dulczewski, Boleslaw A. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Dumas, Samuel R. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Dumke, Albert H. — Water Tender, "Roe." 
 Dumke, Fred T. — Water Tender, "Davis." 
 Dumke, Leo, — Seaman, "Pennsylvania." 
 Dunbar, Joseph V. — 15th Great Lakes Training Station. 
 Dundon, Edward — Signalman "Blackhawk." 
 Dunn, Arthur T.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Dunn, Harry R. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Dunn, Willard B.— U. S. S. "New Mexico." 
 Dunner, William H. — Ist-class Yeoman, U. S. N. R. F. 
 Dunning, Roland L. — Petty Officer, 6th Great Lakes. 
 Durkin, Paul J. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 Durnick, Arthur M. — Carpenter's Mate, 5th Division 
 
 "Leviathan." 
 Durrenberger, Frederick W. — Chief Electrician, Naval 
 
 Militia. 
 Duschak, Herbert W. — ^2d-class Boatswain's Mate 
 
 Sub. Chaser 225. 
 Dussing, Joseph J. — Fireman, U. S. "Narragansett." 
 Duszezak, Steve— Petty Officer, 304 U. S. Naval Air 
 
 Station. 
 
U. S. Navy 
 
 633 
 
 Duvall, Clyde W.— 2d-class Electrician, N. R. F. 
 
 Du Vail, Herbert A.— U. S. Navy Power Radio Station. 
 
 Diix, Stanislaus — 3d-elass Fireman, N. R. F. 
 
 Duzen, Norman W. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, "St. 
 
 Francis." 
 Dwyers, Augustus A. — N. R. F. 
 Eagan, Howard C. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 Eagan, James L. — 3d-class Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Eager, Frank — U. S. S. "Lake Wimico." 
 Eastman, Roy F.— C. W. T., U. S. S. "Mt. Vernon." 
 
 Ship sunk by torpedo, September 5, 1918. 
 
 Eberhard, Frederick B. — Landsman, for Machinist's 
 
 Mate (a), N. R. F. 
 Eberhards, J. J. 
 
 Eberz, Mathias J. — 2d-class Shipfitter. 
 Ebling, Christian C. — Ist-class Engineer, U. S. S."New 
 
 York." 
 Eckel, G. J. — Assistant Surgeon, U. S. 
 Eddy, Elmer S. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 Eddy, Wilkie C. — Carpenter's Machinist's Mate.N.R.F. 
 Edlich, Wm. F.— 11th Provost Guards, Great Lakes. 
 Edwards, Lester — Ist-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 Edwards, Samuel W. — Landsman, for Electrician ,N. 
 
 R. F. 
 Egan, James L. — Ist-class Radio Operator, U. S. S. 
 
 "Arizona." 
 Egan, Michael V., Jr. — Landsman, for Carpenter's 
 
 Mate (a). 
 Eggenweiler, Percy J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. 
 
 R. F. 
 Egloff, George E.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Egloff, George F. — 3d-class Electrician, U. S. Naval 
 
 Radio Station. 
 Egloff, George J. — Seaman, Navy Signal School. 
 Ehrmann, Robert J. — 2d-class Yeoman, Naval No. 6. 
 Ehrne, Edwin J. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Eighmy, George W. — Midshipman, U. S. Naval Acad- 
 emy. 
 Eimiller, Howard F. — Machinist's Mate. 
 Eimiller, Howard J. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, Great 
 
 Lakes. 
 Elberfield, Anthony A. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Elerhardt, Frederick B., Jr. — Landsman, for Machinist's 
 
 Mate (a), N. R. F. 
 Elerhardt, Joseph J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 Eller, Louis F. — Gunpointer, U. S. S. "Sykins." 
 Ellerman, Elmer — U. S. S. "Alabama." 
 Elliott, Harry A. — Quartermaster, U. S. Naval Dirigible 
 
 Service. 
 ElHott, Wm.— Ord. Seaman, U. S. S. "Grechan." 
 Ellis, Charles H. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 Ellis, Linton C. — 3d-class Machinist Apprentice. 
 Elsaesser, Eugene E. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Ellsworth, Leander W. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 Elmore, Nelson A. M. — 2d Officer, U. S. Engineering 
 
 School. 
 Enders, Charles — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a). 
 Engasser, Emil A.— U. S. S. "Illinois." 
 Engelhardt, Robert W. — Seaman. 
 
 Englehardt, Theodore R. A. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 English, Alfred J.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Ensminger, Austin W. — Landsman, for Machinist's 
 Mate (a). 
 
 Eppolito, William P.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Erb, Herman E. — Chief Machinist's Mate, Aero Sta- 
 tion, Hampton Roads. 
 
 Erdman, Chas. E. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a). 
 
 Erdman, Chas. W. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 
 Eric, Campbell — Chief Yeoman, U. S. S. "Chicago." 
 
 Erick, Howard P. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Erickson, David F. — Chief Petty Officer, Aerial. 
 
 Erickson, H. D. — Ist-class Yeoman. 
 
 Erickson, Paul H. — Ist-class Machinist, Aeronautic 
 Section. 
 
 Ericson, Leroy H. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Erion, Charles 0. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Ertel, Herbert W. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Aroostock." 
 
 Ervalina, Anthony P. — U. S. S. "Kentucky." 
 
 Escarage, George H. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Eshberger, Harry J. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 
 Ess, Norman L. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a). 
 
 Evans, Chas. F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Evans, Robert L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F." 
 
 Evans, Samuel M. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Even, Louis — Watertender, U. S. S. "Pastroa." 
 
 Evernden, H. A.— Ensign, U. S. N. R. F. Pay Corps. 
 
 Ewing, James F. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Exler, Benjamin, — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a). 
 
 Faats, George W.— U. S. N. T. S. Great Lakes. 
 
 Fairbairn, William B. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Fairbairn, William G. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Falk, Joseph F.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Faller, Edward M.— Seaman, U. S. N. R. F. 
 
 Faltisko, Stephen J.— Sailor, S. S. "Yarnell." 
 
 Fane, Daniel J. — Machinist, U. S. S. "Lake Silver." 
 
 Farnham, Raymond D. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 
 Farrar, David H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Farrar, Frank N., Jr. — Landsman, Machinist's Mate, 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Farrell, Frank J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Farrell, May M. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Farrell, Samuel F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Fath, Cilois J. — Seaman, U. S. S. " Martha Washing- 
 ton." 
 
 Faulise, Raymond E. — 2d-class Blacksmith, N. R. F. 
 
 Feden, Mark — 2d-class Electrician, N. R. F. 
 
 Fee, Harry E. — Chief Engineer Merchant Marine. 
 
 Feger, Joseph — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Fehlberg, Elmer A. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Feiman, Maurice T. — Chief Yeoman. 
 
 Feiman, Meyer J. — Seaman, Pelham Battalion. 
 
 Felder, John, Jr. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Levithian." 
 
 Felder, Michael — U. S. Navy Aviation. 
 
 Feldmeyer, Fred F. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 
 Felger, Norman J. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, 6th 
 Regiment. 
 
 Feller, Geo. A. — U. S. Navy, Repair Base, Eastleigh, 
 Eng. 
 
 Feller, George M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
634 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Fellner, Charles G. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Alabama." 
 
 Fellner, Dawson E. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Fellows, David — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Felt, Murray C. — Landsman, for Mus. 
 
 Fenzl, Walter H. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Ferguson, Earl C. — Ensign, U. S. S. "Leviathan." 
 
 Ferguson, Willis G. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Ferrinolo, Sandy — U. S. S. "Ross." 
 
 Ferris, Alexander J. 
 
 Fess, Edwin L. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. Na\'>' A\ia- 
 
 tion. 
 Fest, Edwin L.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Feuerbach, John H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Fiderowitz, Charles G. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Fiddler, Joseph A. — Ist-class Yeoman, U. S. S. "Ta- 
 
 coma." 
 Fiebelkorn, Leo — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Field, Reginald R. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Filder, Henry L. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. Navy Air 
 
 Patrol Station, Coco Sola Canal Zone. 
 Filipski, Stanley F.— U. S. S. "Leviathan." 
 Finch, Maynard J. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Finch, Ralph R. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Finerty, Edmund V. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Finegold, Isadore — Quartetmaster, S. S. "Phoenix." 
 Fink, Alfred M.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Fink, Charles D. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Fink, Sylvester F.— Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Kimberly." 
 Finkelstein, D. Harold — Yeoman, Great Lakes. 
 Finn, Alfred — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 Finn, Francis A. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Firlik, Frank — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Fischer, Albert G. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Fischer, Arthur H. — Seaman, Great Lakes. 
 Fischer, Arthur J. — Seaman, Norfolk Receiving Ship. 
 Fischer, L. Norman — Chief Yeoman, Cost Inspection 
 
 Service. 
 Fisher, Arthur F. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Fisher, Arthur H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Fisher, Arthur J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Fisher, Carl Daniel — 2d-class Quartermaster, N. R. F. 
 Fisher, Louis N. — Chief Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Fisher, Porter G. — Chief Quartermaster, Naval Avia- 
 tion. 
 Fisher, Thomas J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Fischer, William H. — Ist-class Hopsital Apprentice, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Fisher, William J.— U. S. S. Merchant. 
 Fitzgerald, Frank D. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Fitzgerald, Geo. J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F. 
 Fitzgerald, John J. — Lieut., Junior Grade, U. S. S. 
 
 "Aeolus." 
 Fitzgerald, William J. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Fitsgibbons, William T. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Fitzhenry, Francis A. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Fitzhenry, Matthew V. — Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Fitzpatrick, Earl A, — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Fitzpatrick, Francis M. — Electrician, N. R. F. 
 
 Fitzpatrick, Harry 0. — Ist-class Electrician, Fort Tilden. 
 
 Fitzpatrick, Lloyd J. — 2c-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Fitzpatrick, Paul E. — Chief Quartermaster, N. R. F. 
 
 Fitzpatrick, Robert G. — Ist-class Fireman, U. S. S. 
 "Mary Alice." Injured October 5, 1918. 
 
 Fitzsimmons, Harry J. — Ist-class Machinist, U. S. S. 
 "Finch." 
 
 Fix, Patrick E. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Fix, Patrick C. — Signalman, Armed Guard. 
 
 Fladd, Everett J.— Yeoman, Naval Militia, N. R. F. 
 
 Flaherty, Harold G. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Flaherty, John P.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Flaherty, William E.— Ensign, N. R. F. 
 
 Flannery, Chas. M. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F. 
 
 Flannery, James C— Chief Petty Officer, U. S. S. 
 "Lillian." 
 
 Flanigan, Edward L. — 2d-class Storekeeper, N. R. F. 
 
 Fleishauer, Ernest — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Fleissner, William J. — Engineer, U. S. S." Jupiter." 
 
 Fleury, Eugene J. — Chief Yeoman Coast Guard. 
 
 Flore, Eugene S. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate, 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Flynn, David J. — Quartermaster Sgt., U. S. N. Avia- 
 tion. 
 
 Flynn, Frank L.— Seaman, U. S. S. "Tucker." 
 
 Flynn, William J.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Flynn, William J. — 2d-class Yeoman, Great Lakes. 
 
 Foersch, Howard E. — Apprentice Seaman, U. S. S. 
 "Carols." 
 
 Foley, Albert— Fireman, U. S. S. "Mt. Vernon." 
 
 Foley, Clara — Landsman, for Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Folwell, Bainbridge D. — Destroyer "Terrz." 
 
 Formella, Walter B. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Forrestel, Emmet P. — Midshipman, U. S.Navy Acad'y. 
 
 Forrestel, William J.— Lieut., Sr. Grade, U. S. S. 
 "Santa Teresa." 
 
 Foster, Harry N. — Seaman, U. S. S. " Mt. Vernon." 
 
 Fowler, Clifford W. — Ist-class Electrician, Hickman 
 Radio Operator. 
 
 Fowler, Franklin H.— Lieut., Jr. Grade, N. R. F. 
 
 Fox, Charles J. — Lieut., Sr. Grade. 
 
 Fox, Edward F.— 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Fox, Herman C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Fox, Howard C. — 3d-class Electrician, U. S. S. "Michi- 
 gan." 
 
 Fox, Isadore — Apprentice Seaman." 
 
 Fox, James J. — Lieut., Sr. Grade, S. S. "Elsinore." 
 
 Fox, Walter V.— N. R. F. 
 
 Frank, Arthur J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Frainer, Leo J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Frainier, Frank G. — Chief Electrician, U. S. "Francis." 
 
 Fralick, Raymond G. — Yeoman. 
 
 Francis, F. X. — Pharmacist. 
 
 Frank, Louis B. — Coxswain, U. S. S. "Buffalo." 
 
 Frank, Norman A. S. — A. L. 
 
 Franklin, George S. — 2d-class Seaman. 
 
 Franklin, Karl C. — 3d-class Seaman. 
 
 Frankowski, Stephen — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 
 Frary, Earl — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 
 Eraser, Criswell — Landsman, for Quartermaster. 
 
U. S. Navy 
 
 635 
 
 Fraser, Nelson W. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Susquehanna." 
 
 Fraser, J. S. C— Ist-class Petty Officer, U. S. Navy Av. 
 
 Freakley, Edwin B. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 
 Freedman, Leo C. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 
 Freedman, Abraham — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. 
 Navy Aviation. 
 
 Freeman, Carl M. — 2d-class Seaman. 
 
 Freeman, Elmer G. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Fredericks, George — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Frei, Frederick L. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Frick, George M. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Friedman, Julius — Seaman, U. S. Navy Aviation. 
 
 Freiheit, Otto R. — 2d-class Quartermaster, U. S. Navy 
 Aviation. 
 
 Freihoefer, George E. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 
 Freudenberger, Carleton G. — Radio Operator, U. S. S. 
 "Lake Medford." 
 
 Freudenberg, Philip C. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Leviathan." 
 
 Frisa, Joseph — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Fritz, Elmer G. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Froment, Byron C. — Ist-class Hosp. App., U. S. N. R. 
 
 Fronapple, Marold J. — Landsman, for Carpenter's 
 Mate, N. R. F. 
 
 Fronckowiak, Andrew — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Fronczak, Joseph E. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 
 Fronczak, Leo M. — 2d-class Carpenter's Mate and In- 
 structor. 
 
 Fry, Raymond C— Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Fuchs, Joseph, Jr. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 
 Fuchs, Lewis V. — 2d-class Seaman, St. Helemar Sta- 
 tion. 
 
 Fuchs, Warren H. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 
 Fuhrman, John — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 
 Full, John E. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Fuller, Collins F.— Chief Machinist's Mate, N. R. F. 
 
 Funk, Carl C— Seaman, U. S. S. "Oklahoma." 
 
 Funk, Francis R. — Ist-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Breeze" 
 (Destroyer). 
 
 Funk, Walter— Navy Mail Clerk, U. S. S. "Wisconsin." 
 
 Gaenzler, George J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Gager, Warren B.— N. R. F. 
 
 Gailfo, Geo. W.— Chief Quartermaster, N. R. F. 
 
 Gale, Ashley H.— Landsman (e) Rad., N. R. F. 
 
 Gallagher, Geo. D.— Ensign, N. R. F. 
 
 Gallagher, John J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Gallineau, Percy F.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Galuszka, Joseph — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Galvin, Samuel N. — Ensign, "Graf Woldersee." 
 
 Gangham, Martin J.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Garczynski, Walter— Pvt., U. S. S. "Pueblo." 
 
 Gardner, Earl F.— 3d-class, N. R. F. 
 
 Gardner, Gibson— Ensign, U. S. Naval Aviation. 
 
 Gardner, Robert R.— Chief Quartermaster (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Gardner, Wm. H.— 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 
 Gareis, Herbert F.— C. S. K., N. R. F. 
 
 Garfinkel, Maurice— Cook, U. S. S. "Ansable." 
 
 Garner, Francis J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Garvey, Geo. D.— Seaman, Rec. Ship, Norfolk, Va. 
 
 Gassman, Frederick J.— Landsman, for Machinist's 
 Mate (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Gastle, Joseph G. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Gates, Nelson N.— Lieut., U. S. S. "Stubbing." 
 Gavin, Edw. L. — Carpenter's Mate, U. S. Naval Air 
 
 Station. 
 Gavin, Edward L. — Landsman,for Carpenter's Mate (a). 
 Gawron, Joseph E.— Ist-Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Al- 
 bany." 
 Gaylord, Bradley J.— 1st Lieut., Aviation, D. S. C. 
 Gearaty, Thomas L. — Seaman, Coast Guard. 
 Gebhard, Louis A. — Naval Radio Station, Belmar, N. J. 
 Geiger, Arthur C. — Engineman, U. S. S. "Aphrodite." 
 Geiger, Herbert D., 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Geisler, August H.— P. F. 
 Geispach, Albert J. — Ship Fitter, Ist-class, U. S. S. 
 
 "Kentucky." 
 Gensler, Edward J. — Ist-class Seaman, Great Lakes. 
 George, Thomas S. — Ist-class Yeoman. 
 Germain, Leo— Pay Clerk, N. R. F. 
 Gerspach, Albert J. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 Gerstman, Edwin J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Gessner, William — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Getz, Geo. E.— 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 Geyer, Albert A. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a). 
 Geyer, Clarence H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Geyer, Jos. G. — 2d-class Carpenter's Mate, Naval 
 
 Aviation. 
 Giambrone, Peter S. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Gibbon, Geo. W.— U. S. S. G— L 
 Gibbon, John J.— U. S. S. "Adelante." 
 Gibbons, Pearl — 3d-class Machinist's Apprentice. 
 Gibbons, Richard L. — Boatswain, U. S. S. "Nonpareil." 
 Gibbons, T. R. — Ist-class Yeoman, New London, Conn. 
 Gibson, Austin D. M.— U. S. S. "Mundelta." 
 Gibson, Nelson C. — Ist-class Carpenter's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Arizona." 
 Gibson, Walter L. — Quartermaster Armed Guard, 
 
 Honolulu. 
 Gibson, Wm. T. — Coal Passer. 
 Gies, Russell J. — Ist-class Carpenter's Mate, Naval 
 
 Aviation. 
 Gilbert, Squire — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Gilday, Chauncey R. — Ist-class Quartermaster, U. S. S. 
 
 "Clemson." 
 Gilday, Harry L. — Gun Pointer, U. S. S. " Mississippi." 
 Gilden, Nathan — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Giles, Albert B. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Giles, Frank— Seaman, U. S. S. "C-2." 
 Giles, Frank — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Gillen, Owen G. — Seaman, Great Lakes. 
 Gillman, Whitfield E.— 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. 
 
 "Agamemnon." 
 Gilmartin, Wm. L. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Gilmour, Russell D. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Gimbrone, Anthony — 2d-class Quartermaster, Naval 
 
 Base, Lewes, Del. 
 Gimbrone, .John P. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate (a), 
 
 Naval Aviation. 
 Ginther, Fred W. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Giorino, Chas. A. — Ist-Lieut., U. S. S. "Hannibal." 
 Girard, Joseph N. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Girardin, Alvin J. — Shipwright. 
 
636 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Girardin, Raymond C. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Gittere, Anthony J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Gizella, William R.— 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Mon- 
 tana." 
 
 Glaser, James N. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Glass, Nester L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Glassman, Howard H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Glauber, John V. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Glinski, Bernard V.— U. S. S. "Delaware." 
 
 Glinski, Frank — Fireman, U. S. S. "Louisiana." 
 
 Glinski, Leo — Fireman, U. S. S. "Pueblo. 
 
 Glowka, Stanley J. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 
 Gluszek, Frederick F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Gmierzymy, Leo. — Seaman. 
 
 Godzich, Andrew J. — U. S. S. "New Mexico." 
 
 Goetz, Charles A. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Goetz, Harry J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Goetzmann, William A. — 2d-class Yeoman. 
 
 Goff, Harold A. — Ist-class Machinist, Naval Air Station, 
 Norfolk. 
 
 Gogan, Harold — Ist-class Seaman. 
 
 Goggin, Thomas J. — Seaman U. S. S. "Louisville." 
 
 Goggin, William J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Gohr, George G. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a), 
 
 Golden, Sylvester J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Goldman, Michael C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Goldstein, Abe M. — Ist-class Fireman, Great Lakes. 
 
 Goldstein, Sam, N. R. F. 
 
 Golombek, Barney — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Golombek, Bernard S. — 2d-class Engineer, Navy, "Mt. 
 Vernon." Ship torpedoed and sunk, September 9,1918. 
 
 Gombar, Joseph V. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Goodsell, Leroy S. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N. 
 R. F. 
 
 Goodwin, Frank J. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Goodwin, Thomas J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. 
 R. F. 
 
 Goodyear, Frank H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Gordon, William S. — 2d-class Landsman, for Machinist's 
 Mate, N. R. F. 
 
 Gorny, Vinceslano A. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 
 Gorski, Alexander — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Gorski, Frank J. — Ist-class Fireman. 
 
 Gorski, Stanley E. — Seaman, U. S. S. Guide. 
 
 Gosdek, Rudolph — Seaman. 
 
 Goslin, Ezra F. — Pvt., Naval Aviation. 
 
 Goslin, Harry — Ist-Assistant Engineer, U. S. Merchant 
 Marine. 
 
 Gotthelf, Aaron — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Gould, Chas. D. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Gould, Frederick A. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N.R.F. 
 
 Grabau, Alfred M. — 2d-class Engineer, U. S. S. "Chi- 
 cago." 
 
 Grabau, Bernhardt I. — 2d-class Engineers, U. S. S. 
 "Chicago." 
 
 Grabinski, Emil — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Grabowski, John J. — Pvt., U. S. S. "Arkansas." 
 
 Graf, Albert J. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Charles." Injured, 
 October, 1918. 
 
 Graf, Arthur C. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Francis." 
 
 Graf, Henry F. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 "Ohio." 
 
 Graf, Walter J. — Ist-class Yeoman, U. S. S. "New 
 Jersey." 
 
 Graf, WilHam M. — Ist-class Baker, U. S. S. "Manchu- 
 ria." 
 
 Graham, Robert W. — Lieut. Junior Grade, N. R. F. 
 
 Granata, Geo. L. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N.R.F. 
 
 Granger, Joseph — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Gramlich, Chas. F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Grannis, Herman R. — 3d-Quartermaster, U. S. N. R. F. 
 
 Grant, Arthur J. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Prairie." 
 
 Grant, William — U. S. S. "Rompart Hospital Ship." 
 
 Grant, William A. — Radio Operator, U. S. S. "Sama- 
 rinda." 
 
 Grant, William M. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Grasela, Frank E. — U. S. S. "Lake Kearney." 
 
 Grass, George H. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, Naval 
 Aviation St., Hampton Roads. Va. 
 
 Gratz, John H. — Naval Aviation. . 
 
 Graveson, William J. — Ist-class Yeoman, U. S. S. "Von 
 Steuben." 
 
 Gravelle, Wm. H. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N. R. F. 
 
 Graves, George M. — Sec. Chief, Great Lakes. 
 
 Green, Alfred E. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Green, Dante A. — Coxswain, U. S. S. "American." 
 
 Green, Edward J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Green, Ellsworth F. — U. S. Transport "Madawoska." 
 
 Green, J. C. — Quartermaster, Pelham Bay T. S. 
 
 Green, Martin — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Green, Miles P. — 3d-class Electrician, U. S. S. "Porter." 
 
 Green, Samuel — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Wassaic." 
 
 Green, Samuel — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Green, William R. — Ist-class Electrician, N. R. F. 
 
 Greene, Clarence R. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Greene, Clifton J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Greene, Edward J. — Ist-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Iowa." 
 
 Greene, James E. — Ist-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Huron." 
 
 Greenough, Edward C. — U. S. Shipping Board. 
 
 Greenwald, James L. — 2d-class Quartermaster, U. S. S. 
 " Rappahannock." 
 
 Gregorczyk, Stanley — Ist-class Machinist, U. S. S. 
 "Lake View." 
 
 Gregson, John E. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 
 Gremke, Wm. F. — Coxswain, U. S. S. "Dixie." 
 
 Gressman, Joseph — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Gretzinger, Edgar J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Grieser, Howard C. — Assistant Master at Arms, U. S. 
 S. "Culgoa." 
 
 Grieves, John O. — Bandsman, U. S. S. "Minneapolis." 
 
 Griffin, Carl L.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Griffin, Charles J. — Landsman, for Cook. 
 
 Griffin, Frank A.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Griffin, Geo. J. — 2d-class Eng., U. S. S. "Pennsylvania." 
 
 Griffin, John J. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, Naval Avia- 
 tion, Pensacola, Fla. 
 
 Griffin, Michael P.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Griffin, W. B.— Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Griffith, Willard J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Griscom, Arthur P. — Machinist, U. S. S. "Porter." 
 
U. S. Navy 
 
 637 
 
 Groff, George B. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Groh, George F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Gross, Albert A. — Landsman, Carpenter's Mate. 
 
 Gross, Edward B. — Corp., Seaman Guard, Maine Sta. 
 
 Gross, Frank A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Gross, John — Seaman, U. S. S. "Aeolian." 
 
 Gross, William A. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 
 Gross, William E. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Grotz, Geo. F. — Coppersmith. 
 
 Grotzka, William F.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Group, Clarence J. — Chief Storekeeper, Naval Aviation 
 School. 
 
 Group, Frank J. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Levia- 
 than." 
 
 Gruber, Robert — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Grunow, Paul W. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a). 
 
 Grupp, George J. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, Naval 
 Aviation. 
 
 Grupp, Paul A. — Radio Operator, U. S. S. "Canonicus." 
 
 Gruss, William E. — Ist-class Yeoman, Curtiss Aero- 
 plane Co. 
 
 Grzella, Wm. R.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Gsell, Henry R. — Regiment Headquarters, Pelham Bay. 
 
 Guenther, Ernest W. — Carp'r's Mate (a), Pelham Bay. 
 
 Guernsey, Chas, W. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Guerr, Harry W. — 2d-class Seaman, Northern Bombing 
 Station. 
 
 Guillod, Wm. J.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Guppenberger, Albert J. — 2d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 
 Gurtner, John H. — Gunner's Mate, U. S. S. "Dela- 
 ware." 
 
 Guyett, Clarence R. — Coal Passer Only, Naval Avia'n. 
 
 Guyette, Norman — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate. 
 
 Guzowski, Anthony — U. S. S. "New Mexico." 
 
 Guzowski, Leo S. — 3d-class Gunner's Mate, N. R. F. 
 
 Haag, Edw. L. — Boatswain's Mate, S. P. 618, Submar. 
 
 Haarmeyer, Jos. B. — Aviation Mechanic, Co. U, 15th 
 Great Lakes, 111. 
 
 Haarmeyer, Leo W. — 2d-class Yeoman, U. S. S. "Dela- 
 ware." 
 
 Haas, Desmond L. — 3d-class Pharmacist's Mate, U. S. 
 Naval Hospital, Great Lakes Training Station. 
 
 Haas, James I^. — 2d-class Engineman, N. R. F. 
 
 Haase, Julius — 3d-class, Co. F, "Leviathan." 
 
 Habicht, George, Jr. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, T. R. 
 
 Hacker, Joseph — U. S. Naval Air Station, Best, France. 
 
 Haderer, John — Chief, Navy, Hampton Roads, Va. 
 
 Hederski, Stephen — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Haefner, Paul F.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Haentinger, Matthias V. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Haertel, Edwin J. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Eme- 
 line." 
 
 Haffa, Charles J.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Hagan, Albert E. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Hagberg, Harold L. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a). 
 
 Hagendorn, Albert J. — Ist-class Plumber Petty Officer, 
 U. S. Coast Guards. 
 
 Hager, Edward J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Hagstrom, Carl H. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Hahn, Norman V. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Hahn, Ralph H.— Machinist's Mate, 6th Co., 15th 
 
 Regiment, Great Lakes, 111. 
 Haintges, Matthias V. — U. S. "Mundelta." 
 Haitzberg, William H. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Hale, Andrew — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Hall, Earlwin H. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N.R.F. 
 Hall, George E. — 1st Lieut., U. S. S. "Oregonian." 
 Hall, Louis F. — Landsman, for Yeoman. 
 Haller, Christopher A. — Landsman, for Machinist's 
 
 Mate (a), N. R. F. 
 Halzer, Andrew A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Hamill, John R. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, Naval 
 
 Aviation. 
 Hamilton, Charles H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Hammer, Al. M. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Manning." 
 Hammersly, William H. — Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Mongolia." 
 Hammond, Donald A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Hammond, Walter McK. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 Hammond, Willard H. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Hanavan, Charles E. — Seaman, U. S. S. "New Hamp- 
 shire." 
 Haney, James E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Hanmore, Guilford — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Hankin, Jerome L. — Ist-class Hospital Apprentice, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Hann, Herbert C. — 2d-class Quartermaster, Naval Air 
 
 Service. 
 Hanrahan, Raymond E. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Hanson, Agnes R. — Landsman, for Yeoman. 
 Harbrecht, William L. — Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S. 
 
 N. R. F., Office of Naval Inspector of Ordnance Mid- 
 vale Steel Co., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Harig, Richard F. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 Harkins, James H. — Seaman Gunner. 
 Harlach, Edward W. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 Harmon, James E. — 2d-class Fireman, Division 10, 
 
 U. S. S. "Montana." 
 Harmon, Lawrence E., Jr. — Chief Quartermaster (a), 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Harney, Charlotte M. — Yeoman, U. S. S. "Triton," 
 
 Bureau Ordnance, Navy Dept., Washington, D. C. 
 Harnick, William — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Harnick, William — U. S. Naval High Power Radio 
 
 Attachment, Croix D. Hins, France. 
 Harold, Raymond C. — Navy, Naval Hospital. 
 Harold, William E.— U. S. S. "Warrington." 
 Harringer, Frederick F. — 3d-class Fireman, U. S. S. 
 
 "Indiana." 
 Harrington, John H. — Ist-class Pay Clerk, Brooklyn 
 
 Navy Yard. 
 Harrington, Roland K. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 Harris, T. W.— Lieut. Commander, N. R. F. 
 Harris, Vern — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Harrison, Adolphus D.— Chief Petty Officer, U. S. 
 
 Transport " Rijndam." 
 Harrison, James H. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
638 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Hartman, Floyd — " Montana." 
 
 Hartnett, Jack — 2d-class Pharmacist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Onondaga." 
 Hartzberg, William H. — Naval Intelligence. 
 Harvey, Harold G. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a) . 
 Haska, Joseph M. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Haskell, Thomas — Coal Passer. 
 Hasler, Royal P. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a), 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Hasselbeck, Roy F. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 Hastings, John J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Hattenberger, Aloysius J. — Chief Yeoman, Supply 
 
 Base 6. 
 Hattenberger, Chas. — Chief Machinist's Mate, N. R. F. 
 Hattenberger, Jos. A. — Storekeeper, N. R. F. 
 Hauf, Edwin G.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Hauf, Lawrence — Landsman, for Machinist, N. R. F. 
 Haungs, Max R. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 Haupt, Jos. A.— Co. R, 15th. 
 Hansen, Edwin F.— Machinist, U. S. S. 342. 
 Hausen, Edward H. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 Hauth, Edward — Landsman, for Ship's Cook,. 
 Hauth, Martin, Jr. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Havens, Willis R. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Hawkins, Burton W. — 3d-class Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Hawkins, Earl G. — Quartermaster, "Little." 
 Hayes, Albert H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Hayes, James P. 5 — Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Agamem- 
 non" (transport). 
 Hayes, Wesley R. — Coal Passer. 
 Haynes, Warren M., Jr. — Landsman, for Machinist's 
 
 Mate (a), N. R. F. 
 Haynes, W^illiam T. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Hazen, Howard O. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a). 
 Healy, John D. — Landsman, C. M. (a.) 
 Healy, Thomas B. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Heaney, Joseph A. — Pharmacist's Mate, U. S. Naval 
 
 Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Hearmeyer, Leo W. — Landsman, for Yeoman. 
 Hearn, William J. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Chattanooga." 
 Heatley, Frank C— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Heavey, Bernard J. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, 
 
 Brooklyn Navy Yard. 
 Heavey, Joseph A. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Heavey, Thomas P. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Heck, August K. — Machinist, U. S. S. "Isabel." 
 Heckler, Elmer F. — U. S. S. "Missouri," 2d Division. 
 Heckman, Harold D. — U. S. Naval Volunteer. 
 Hedley, Charles R. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 Hedley, Edgar H. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Hefner, Hy V.— Seaman Guard, N. R. F. 
 Heibeck, Leroy E. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Helfend, Irving — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Heigel, Joseph — Seaman. 
 Heilbron, W'allace W. — Seaman, U. S. Naval Operating 
 
 Base, Communication Officer, Hampton Roads, Va. 
 Heinrich, Preston D. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Nevada." 
 Heinz, Edward A. — Landsman (a). 
 
 Heinze, Wesley G. — Ist-class Pharmacist's Mate, 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Heiser, George W. — Chief Yeoman, U. S. S. "Roepal," 
 U. S. R. R. 7. 
 
 Heithecker, Frank J. — 2d-class Seaman, Rifle Range. 
 
 Held, John J.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Hellmig, Frank J. — Engineers' Force, U. S. S. "Aga- 
 memnon." 
 
 Helminiak, Joseph S. — U. S. S. "Wyoming." 
 
 Helmuth, Norman — Seaman, U. S. S. "Agamemnon." 
 
 Hemberger, Carl S. — Landsman, for Electrician (Rad), 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Hemmens, Marcus T. — Machinist's Mate, 7th Co., Avi- 
 ation, Navy Regiment 15. 
 
 Henderson, David — Petty Officer, Balch. 
 
 Henderson, Millard F. — Quartermaster, U. S. Naval 
 Aviation, North Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada. 
 
 Henderson, William T., Jr.— Yeoman, U. S. S. "Utah." 
 
 Hendler, Herbert M. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Illinois." 
 
 Hendrick, Robert E.— 2d-class Seaman, U. S. N. A. S. 
 
 Henfling, Emil J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a) 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Hennan, John F. — Coal Passer. 
 
 Hennessey, James J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Hennessy, Thomas J. — Ensign, Engineering Duties 
 Only, N. R. F. 
 
 Hennigan, Patrick T. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Hennigan, WilHam F. — 2d-class Fireman. 
 
 Henry, Frank — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 
 Hens, Joseph — U. S. S. "Christobel." 
 
 Hentges, John M. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Henzler, Albert 0. 
 
 Hepp, Carl — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Hepp, Emanuel A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Heppel, John — Seaman. 
 
 Herb, WlUiam E.— U. S. S. "Pueblo," 11th Regiment, 
 Naval Training Station. 
 
 Herbert, Ambrose L. — Chief Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Herbert, Henry E. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 
 Herbert, Richard R.— Chief Yeoman, U. S. S. "Chi- 
 cago.'-' 
 
 Herman, Albert R.— N. R. F. 
 
 Herman, John F.— U. S. S. "Liberty." 
 
 Herman, Samuel H. — Unit K, U. S. Naval Base, Hamp- 
 ton Roads, Va. 
 
 Hermann, William J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Herniman, Earl T. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate (a), Co. 
 G, 5th Navy. 
 
 Herold, William R.— Pointer, U. S. S. "Seneca." 
 
 Herring, Herbert W. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Maine." 
 
 Herrman, Carl H.— U. S. S. "Pueblo." 
 
 Herrman, Edward — 3d-class Fireman,. 
 
 Hertel, George — 2d-class Seaman, Naval Air Repair B. 
 
 Herter, Christian — Fireman, U. S. S. "Peerless." 
 
 Hesselman, L. W. — Lieut. Com., U. S. S. "Chicago." 
 
 Hettler, Jos. E.— U. S. S. "Balch." 
 
 Heusseler, Robert A. — Machinist's Mate No. 1, 10th 
 U. S. Naval Aviation. 
 
 Hewitt, Elmer L.— Ensign, U. S. S. "Westmout." 
 
 Hey, Arthur M. — Ist-class Hospital Apprentice, N.R.F. 
 
 Hickey, John D. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 
U. S. Navy 
 
 639 
 
 Hickey, John Dumas — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Higgins, Edward J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 Higgins, Harry H. — 2d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 Higgins, Matthew M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Highway, George C. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Hider, Henry C. — Landsman, for Yeoman. 
 Highway, William E. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Hilbert, Frank G. — Gunner's Mate, U. S. S. "Susque- 
 hanna." 
 Hilbert, William G. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Hilburger, Martin A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Hildebrand, Charles F. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Wyoming." 
 Hill, Norman H. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, Co. D, 
 
 Naval Aviation, 15th. 
 Hill, Raymond C. — Sr. Lieut., Polar Seas Navy. 
 Hill, Turner E.— 2d-class Electrician (r), U. S. Naval 
 
 Naval Radio Station. 
 Hille, Charles J. — Seaman, 1st Co., U. S. Coast Guards. 
 Hillery, James J. — 2d-class Yeoman, U. S. S. "San 
 
 Francisco." 
 Hillery, John D.— Ensign, Co. C, U. S. Navy, 22d Reg. 
 Hinman, Ray C. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N.R.F. 
 Hintermeier, Leonard — Landsman, for Quarterm't'r(a). 
 Hintermeier, Louis S. — Ist-class Seaman, Great Lakes 
 
 Training Station, G. M. School. 
 Hintermeier, Raymond J. — Apprentice Seaman, N.R.F. 
 Hintermeier, Richard, 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Hipwell, Lloyd R. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 Hirsch, Clarence J. — Landsman, for Electrician 
 Hitzel, Roswell C. — Ist-class Hospital App. N. R. F. 
 Hoag, Leonard J. — F. L. C. 
 Hoak, Spencer S. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Hoar, John J.— 2d-class Electrician (R), U. S. S. "Co- 
 manche. " 
 Hobbs, Elias — Ist-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Hobbs, Herbert C— Lieut., U. S. S. "Hawk." 
 Hoch, George F. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 Hoch, Joseph A. — Gunner, U. S. S. "Kennison." 
 Hochgesang, Albert C. — 2d-class Gunman, U. S. Naval 
 
 Rifle Range, Mt. Pleasant, S. C. 
 Hock, Frank A. — 2d-class Fireman. 
 Hock, Frank A.— U. S. S. "Leonidas." 
 Hock, Leo — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Hoelscher, Louis H. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 Hoelzle, Oscar P. — Baker, U. S. S. "Louisiana." 
 Hoen, Richard A. — 2d-class Seaman, 5th Navy District. 
 Hofman, John H. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Hofman, Lester— Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Ohio." 
 Hoffman, Charles F. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. Naval 
 
 Rifle Range, Virginia Beach, Va. 
 Hoffman, Oscar A., Jr. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, 
 
 U. S. S. "Lake Capen." 
 Hoffman, William V. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Hoffman, William J.— Gunner, U. S. S. "Delphy." 
 Hoffmeyer, Clarence W. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Kear- 
 
 sarge." 
 Hoffmeyer, Harold F. — Carpenter Instructor, U. S. 
 
 Naval Aviation. 
 
 Hoffner, Arthur W. — Ist-class Yeoman. 
 
 Hoffstetter, Edward A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Hogan, Thomas J. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Hohensee, Edwin C. — Quartermaster, U. S. Navy Avia- 
 tion Corps. 
 
 Hohl, Christ J., Jr. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 
 Hohn, Norman V. — Sailor, U. S. S. "Wyoming." 
 
 Holbrook, Richard R. — 3d-class Electrician, Naval 
 Radio Station. 
 
 Hollister, William H. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate (a), 
 U. S. Naval Aviation (Reg.), Isle Fudy, France. 
 
 Holmberg, Howard H. — Ensign, F. J. Luckenbach. 
 
 Holmwood, Harry — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Holt, George W. — Ist-class Radio Electrician, Sub- 
 marine Base. 
 
 Holton, Raymond H. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 
 Holway, Paul A. Gunpointer, U. S. S. "Seneca." 
 
 Hoitz, Fred F.— Seaman, U. S. S. "Scranton." 
 
 Holzer, Andrew — Mail Orderly or Aimy Guard, U. S. S. 
 "Fairmount." 
 
 Holzman, Earl G. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Homan, Henry G. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Homer, Arthur — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a). 
 
 Hommeolein, Harry L. — Com. Off., U. S. S. "Ranger." 
 
 Honan, John — 2d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 
 Honan, Martin J. — Ist-class Fireman. 
 
 Hoock, Charles G. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Pennsylvania." 
 
 Hoock, Henry — Ensign, U. S. S. "Ericcsion," Destroyer 
 Queenstown, Ireland. 
 
 Hood, Charles C. — Ensign, Naval Aviation. 
 
 Hooper, William C. — Fireman, U. S. S. "President 
 Grant." 
 
 Hoover, George T. — Chief Machinist, Sec. of the Ma- 
 rine Iron Works, New London, Conn. 
 
 Hoppa, Stanley E. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Hoppe, William A. — U. S. M. Aux. School, 3d-class 
 Quartermaster, Barracks 5-F. 
 
 Horgan, Paul J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Horn, Benjamin A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Horn, Martin V.— 2d-class Machinist, U. S. S. "Mel- 
 ville." 
 
 Hornberger, Arnold H. — Ist-class Boatswain Mate, U. 
 S. Transport "Erny." 
 
 Hornung, Howard W. — Machinist's Mate, Preston. 
 
 Horoszynski, Thomas— Water Tender, Co. G, U. S. S. 
 "Commanche." 
 
 Horton, Herbert G. — Ensign, Coast Torpedo Boat No. 
 8. Injured September, 1918. 
 
 Hosang, Frank J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Hosmer, Albert L. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F. 
 
 Hoth, Leo. J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Houth, Martin — Acting Pay Clerk. 
 
 Howell, Stephen W. — Chief Yeoman, Navy Yard, New 
 York City. 
 
 Howells, Ray G. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N.R.F. 
 
 Hubbard, Norton G. 
 
 Hubbell, Nelson E. — Ensign, Miami Air Station, Naval 
 Aviation. 
 
 Huber, Benj, J. — U. S. S. "Huntington." 
 
 Huber, .John — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Huber, John L.— Pvt., 6th Division, U. S. S. "Nevada." 
 
640 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Hubert, Byron J. — Yeoman, Naval Aviation Forces, 
 Paymaster's Division. 
 
 Hubman, James W. — 3d-class Machinist's Apprentice, 
 Co. N, 15th Navy. 
 
 Huebsch, WilHam M. — Landsman, for Yeoman. 
 
 Huebschwerlen, Arthur S. — Ist-class Hospital Appren- 
 tice, N. R. F. 
 
 Huerdler, Erich G.— Chief Machinist's Mate, 6th U. S. 
 N. A. R. F. 
 
 Hugh, John J.— N. R. F. 
 
 Hughes, Fred A.— Sailor, Pelham, N. T. S. 
 
 Hughes, Harry L. — Radio Electrician, Lake Marine, 
 Merchant Marine. 
 
 Hull, Minert E. — Machinist's Mate, U. S. Naval Dirig- 
 ible Service. 
 
 Human, Jacob J. — 2d-class Quartermaster, U. S. Naval 
 Air Station, Paimbeour, France. 
 
 Hummel, George E. — 2d-class Fireman. « 
 
 Hummer,Samuel J. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a) 
 
 Hunt, John— U. S. S. "Oklahoma." 
 
 Hunt, Thomas J.— U. S. S. "Henley." 
 
 Hunt, Timothy J.— U. S. S. "Maine." 
 
 Hunter, Clayton W.— Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 "Sapphire." 
 
 Hunter, George H. — Apprentice Seaman, Navy. 
 
 Hunter, Jerauld — Fireman, 40th Div., U. S. S. " Maine.' 
 
 Hunter, Raymond V. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a) . 
 
 Hurley, Francis J. — Seaman, U. S. Sub-chaser No. 244. 
 
 Hurley, Joseph W. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F. 
 
 Hurley, Richard J. — Landsman, for Yeoman, Co. 2, 
 Navy, 6th Regiment. 
 
 Hurley, William P. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Hurley, William V. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Hurst, Alfred— C. C. M. A., 15th Regiment Navy. 
 
 Huss, Charles A. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a), 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Husted, Norman H.— N. R. F. 
 
 Hutter, Albert A.— Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. "Hart- 
 ford." 
 
 Hutter, Clifford A. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Huttler, Gerhard — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Huxley, Frank E. — Machinist, U. S. S. "Nokomis." 
 
 Hyman, Myron L. — Ensign. 
 
 Idziak, Stanley F. — Oiler. 
 
 Ignatowski, Mathew — Seaman, S. S. "Von Steuben." 
 
 Imhof, Harry F.— 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Mt. Ver- 
 non." 
 
 Imhof, Richard — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Mt. Ver- 
 non." Ship torpedoed and sunk September 5, 1918. 
 
 Impey, Ambrose Elmo — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Inda, Alex — Ist-class Seaman, Torpedo School. 
 
 Inda, Anderw P. — Apprentice Seaman, U. S. S. "Pa- 
 ducah." 
 
 Inda, Jerome P. — Ist-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 
 Inderbitzen, Rudolph — Seaman Guard, U. S. Radio Sta. 
 
 Inghaus, James — Naval Aviation. 
 
 Inpey, Arthur G. — Ist-class Yeoman, U. S. Recruiting 
 Station. 
 
 Isch, Albert I. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Isch, Sidney — 2d-class Electrician, U. S. S. "Missouri." 
 
 Isphen, Carl L. — Lieut., Junior Grade, N. R. F. 
 
 Ives, William F. — Coxswain, N. R. F. 
 
 Jackson, Howard T. — Ensign, N. R. F. 
 
 Jackson, Joseph R. — Ist-class Watertender, U. S. S. 
 "Indiana." 
 
 Jackson, Paul H. — Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Jackson, Paul M. — Co. Commander, 2d Naval District. 
 
 Jackson, W. A. — Pharmacist. 
 
 Jacobs, Charles — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Jacobs, Edwin G.— 2d-Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. "Il- 
 linois." 
 
 Jacobs, Eugene E. — Ist-class Yeoman, U. S. S. "No. 
 Dakota." 
 
 Jacobs, Henry — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Jacobson, Abraham E. — Yeoman, Great Lakes, U. S. 
 N.R.F . 
 
 Jaeckle, Edwin F. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Jagodzinski, Walter J. — Machinist's Mate, N. R. F. 
 
 Jaknbowski, Bernard A. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Jakubowski, Bernard A. — 2d-class Electrician. 
 
 Jakubowski, Henry — U. S. S. "Bushnell." 
 
 Jakubowski, Walter J. — Chief Quartermaster, U. S. S. 
 " Florida." 
 
 James, William L. — 3d-class M. A. 
 
 Jank, Edward J. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 "Caldwell." 
 
 Jank, Jacob J.— Pvt., Co. D, U. S. Coast Guard. 
 
 Jankowski — Apprentice Seaman, U. S. S. "Spaulding." 
 
 Jankowski, Robert B. — Coal Passer. 
 
 Janowitz, Sidney H. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate, 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Janowski, Joseph F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Jardin, Harold J.— Seaman, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Jarembck, Frank W. — Landsman, for Mus. 
 
 Jaroszynski, John J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Jasinski, Arthur L. — 2d-class Seaman, Reviewing Ship. 
 
 Jasnan, Alfred F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Jaworski, Leonard A. — Pvt., U. S. Navy Aviation, 
 
 Jeavons, Howard M. — Chief Watertender. 
 
 Jenczka, Casimier E. — Sailor, Great Lakes, N. R. F. 
 
 Jendeasiak, Frank — Seaman, Naval Air Service. 
 
 Jenke, Fred A. — Apprentice Seaman, Naval Aviation. 
 Injured October, 1918. 
 
 Jenkins, Edwin T. — Sr. Lieut., U. S. S. "Lake Dymer." 
 
 Jensen, Jens — Seaman, U. S. S. "Louisville." 
 
 Jerome, Leonard W. — Bos'n Mate, U. S. S. "Saranac." 
 
 Jersey, Edward S. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Wyoming." 
 
 Jersey, Francis J. — Cook, U. S. S. "Florida." 
 
 Jesonowski, Michael A. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 
 Jetter, Edward T. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate, 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Jewdiasiak, Frank — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Jewell, Herbert — Aviation Machanic, Great Lakes. 
 
 Jewell, Ward B. — Ist-class Mechanic, U. S. S. "Vir- 
 ginia." 
 
 Jewett, Richmond — Chief Master at Arms. 
 
 Joffe, Herman — Hospital Apprentice. 
 
 Johnson, Allen F. — Landsman, for Quartermaster. 
 
 Johnson, Bert N.— N. R. F. 
 
U. S. Navy 
 
 641 
 
 Johnson, Carl A. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Johnson, E. Raymond — U. S. Navy Rifle Range. 
 
 Johnson, Ray E. — 2d-class Yeoman, Ul S. S. "Housa- 
 
 tonic." 
 Johnson, Wallace E. — 3d-class Radio Instructor, Great 
 
 Lakes Station. 
 Johnson, W. O. — Lieut., Junior Grade, N. R. F. 
 Johnson, Harold K. — Chief Quartermaster, N. R. F. 
 Johnston, John L — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Johnston, Ralph D. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Johnstone, Willard F. — Radio Operator, U.S. S."Andra." 
 Jones, Arthur G. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Jones, Arthur W. — Radio Electrician, U. S. Destroyer 
 
 "Stevens." 
 Jones, Frederick P. — 2d-class Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Jones, James H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Jones, Lome E. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Jones, Mark S. — 2d-class Fireman. 
 Jones, Rollin T. — Naval Aviation. 
 Jones, Simon R. — Landsman, for Yeoman. 
 Jones, William U. B. — 2d-class Fitter, U. S. Submarine 
 
 Base. 
 Jordan, Alphonsus L. — Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Jordan, Edward H. — Apprentice Seaman, U. S. S. 
 
 Connecticut." 
 Jordan, Howard S. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Joslyn, Harry S. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Josselyn, Alonson C. — Ist-class Bos'n Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "San Francisco." 
 Joynt, John J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Judge, Andrew J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Judge, Walter J. — Ist-class Fireman. 
 Judecki, Edmund — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 Juengel, Rueben W. — Coal Passer Only. 
 Julius, Herbert — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Jung, John J. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Joyce, Thomas F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Kacko, Michael F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Kaczmarek, Browner H. — U. S. S. "Comfort." 
 Kadduabeck, Edward F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Kaeppel, Alvin H. — Ist-class Hospital Apprentice, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Kafher, Leo. F. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Kaleta, John — U. S. S. "Dubuque." 
 Kalita, John — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Kaman, Charles G. — Ist-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 Kamerson, Alfred A. — Ist-class Gun Pointer, U. S. S. 
 
 "Wyoming." 
 Kamholz, Ferdinand W. — 2d-class Carpenter's Mate, 
 
 Naval Aviation. 
 Kamholz, Herman — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Kamieusky, Victor F. — Ist-class Quartermaster, Air Ser. 
 Kandel, Robert M. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F. 
 Kanehl, Benjamin F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Kapelowtiz, Charles — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Kappen, William F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Karcher, Jacob — 2d-class Ship's Cook, N. R. F. 
 Karcher, Jacob — 2d-class Cook, U. S. S. "Israel." 
 Karl, George — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Kasmierczak, Alexander — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Kasprzak, John — Navy Yard No. 1. 
 
 Kast, Carl C. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Katel, Walter R.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Kaufman, John — Engineer Force, U. S. S. "Illinois." 
 
 Kaufman, John — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Kauffman, Charles — Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Kaul, Edward F. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Agamemnon." 
 
 Injured on board ship September, 1918. 
 Kaul, Edward F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Klaw, Lawrence, Jr. — Landsman, for Cook. 
 Kawn, Stanley J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Kazmierszak, Alexander — Seaman, U. S. S. "New 
 
 York." 
 Keady, Wilham L. — Lieut. Com., U. S. S. "Ammen." 
 Kean, Frank T.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Kean, Mary M. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Kean, William J. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Keenan, Walter J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Keipper, Eugene W. — 2d-class Radio Operator, U. S. S. 
 
 "Chatham." 
 Keitsch, Walter H. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 Kelker, Charles, Jr. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Kelleher, Vincent E. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Kellei, Andrew — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Keller, Andrew P. — Seaman. " Mt. Vernon. " Torpedoed 
 
 and sunk September 15, 1918. 
 Keller, Hubert C— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Kellerman, Edward J. — Seaman, Navy. "Mt. Ver- 
 non." Ship torpedoed and sunk September 15, 1918. 
 Kelley, Andrew J.— Ensign, R. F., U. S. S. C. 337. 
 Kelley, Charles — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Kellner, Helen M. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Kelly, Edward M.— Radio Electrician, U. S. S. "Lake 
 
 Jessup." 
 Kelly, Edward — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Kelly, Edward M. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F. 
 Kelly, Harry J.— Ensign, U. S. N. R. F. 
 Kelly, James R. — Landsman, for Carpenter (a). 
 Kelly, Joseph F.— 2d-class Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Kelly, John W.— Sailor, U. S. S. "Cleveland." 
 Kelly, Joseph M. — Intelligence Dept. 
 Kelly, Norman W.— Ensign, N. R. F. 
 Kelly, Richard A. — Landsman, for Mahhinist's Mate 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 Kemmerer, Leon B. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Kempkes, Arthur F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Kendel, Robert M. — 2d-class Seaman, Armed Guards, 
 
 U. S. S. "Great Northern." 
 Kennedy, Francis C. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Kennedy, George N. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Kennedy, Irving H. — Ist-class Yeoman, U. S. S. "Tus- 
 
 carora." 
 Kennedy, Irving H, — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Kennedy, James L. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Kennedy, William T. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Kennedy, William T. — 2d-c!ass Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Kenney, Charles W. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Kenngott, Robert E.— Petty Officer, U. S. Navy Avia. 
 Kenny, Edward C. — 2d-class Boatswain's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Aroostook." 
 
642 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Kent, Floyd D. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, Co. D, 
 15th Regiment. 
 
 Kent, Harold G. — Seaman, 3d Co., 4th Regiment. 
 
 Kent, Winthrop — Ensign. 
 
 Keough, Joseph P. — U. S. S. "Manning." 
 
 Kepler, Victor F. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Kern, Vincent A. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 
 Kershberger, John E. — Electrician, Naval Base, Hamp- 
 ton Roads. 
 
 Kerr, William 0. — Yeoman. 
 
 Kessler, Maynard L. — Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 "West Point." 
 
 Kessler, William— Seaman, U. S. S. "Mt. Vernon." 
 Torpedoed and sunk September 15, 1918. 
 
 Kettell, John J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 
 Ketterer, Edwin J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Kibler, Roy A.— Ensign, N. R. F. 
 
 Kiendl, Robert A. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Kiene, Louis — U. S. S. "Tyanbari." 
 
 Killilee, Paul — Pelham. Bay. 
 
 Kimmel, Gerald L. — Ist-cIass Fireman, U. S. S. "Ken- 
 tucky." 
 
 Kiener, Milton J. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 
 Killian, Albert C. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate fa). 
 
 Kimmel, Gerald L. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 King, Daniel B. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 "Dorsey." Injured on board, 2 days trom Halifax, 
 September 22, 1918. 
 
 King, Emery C. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 King, Eugene — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a), 
 N.R. F. 
 
 King, Norman M. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 King, Robert V. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Susque- 
 hanna." 
 
 King, Roy J. — 2d Machinist's Mate, Aviation, Naval 
 Reserve. 
 
 Kinnear, James — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a), 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Kinney, George R. — Ensign, U. S. Navy, Pay Corps. 
 
 Kinsella, John J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a), 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Kinzly, Roger M. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Kipp, William I. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N.R.F. 
 
 Kirchberger, Conrad — Carpenter's Mate, Naval Air 
 Station, Pensacola. 
 
 Kirchberger, John E. — Landsman, for Electrician (a). 
 
 Kirchofer, Carl G.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Kirk, Howard — 2d-class Seaman. N. R. F. 
 
 Kirk, James J.— 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N. R. F. 
 
 Kirk, Regis J.—Pvt., Villa Nova. 
 
 Kirkwood, Alexander — Seaman. 
 
 Kirsch, William J. — Seaman, U. S. Naval Repair Base. 
 
 Kisher, Lawrence — U. S. Naval Aviation. 
 
 Klahn, Wilham C. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a). 
 
 Klaskala, John J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Klaskala, Peter S. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Klass, David R. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Klawitter, Albert — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Klawitter, Anthony P. — U. S. S. "Itasca." 
 
 Klawson, Joseph J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Klein, Arthur F. — Gunner's Mate, N. R. F. 
 
 Klein, Henry — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Klein, Howard — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a). 
 
 Klein, Louis A.— 2d Machinist, U. S. S. "Celtic." 
 
 Klein, Peter — Seaman, U. S. S. "Neptune." 
 
 Klein, Peter — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Kleinow, John H. — 2d-class Carpenter's Mate, U. S. 
 Naval Air Station. 
 
 Kleinschmidt, Geo. F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Kleinsmith, George — Ensign. 
 
 Klenk, Harry G.— 2d-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Ala- 
 bama." 
 
 Kless, David R. — Seaman, Mine Filling Station. 
 
 Klier, Edmund J. — Naval Militia Guard. 
 
 Klier, Roland A. — Storekeeper, U. S. S. "Maine." 
 
 Kline, Harry E. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 
 Klocek, Charles — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a), 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Kloepfer, Charles — Surfman, U. S. Navy Coast Guards. 
 
 Klopp, Harvey A. — Ensign. 
 
 Klous, Frank— Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Aroostook." 
 
 Knab, Henry F. 
 
 Knaier, Emerson C. — Radio Operator, U. S. S. "Sev- 
 erance." 
 
 Knaier, Emerson C. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Knauss, Herbert F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Kneiner, Howard G. — Ist-class Yeoman, Bureau of 
 Supplies and Accounts. 
 
 Knepper, Leroy F. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Knight, Howard W. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Knisley, George R. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Ryndam." 
 
 Knisley, Gordon — Paris Island. 
 
 Knobloch, Raymond F. — 2d-class Gunner, U. S. S. 
 "Minnesota." 
 
 Knoerl, George J. — Ist-class Quartermaster, Navy, 15th. 
 
 Knoernschild, William Q. M. — Ist-class Pvt., Naval 
 Air Station. 
 
 Knoll, Francis — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Knoll, Walter F. — Master of Arms, Submarine Base, 
 Panama. 
 
 Knopf, Elmer L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Koch, Herbert B. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a) 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Kocher, Frank J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Kodowski, Victor H. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Koeber, Fred C. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Koedel, John A. — Headquarters Co., Great Lakes Sta- 
 tion, 3d Regiment. 
 
 Koehler, Arthur A. — Seaman, Submarine Chaser. 
 
 Koeppen, Robert L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Koerber, John — Storekeeper, U. S. S. "St. Francis." 
 
 Koester, Arthur W. — Corp., Marine Aviation. 
 
 Koghn, Milton E. — Ist-class Machinist, U. S. S. "Chi- 
 cago." 
 
 Kohl, Frank— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Kohl, George— U. S. S. "Dixie." 
 
 Kohles, Marguerite E. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
U. S. Navy 
 
 643 
 
 Kolb, George — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Kolb, Raymond J. — 1st Quartermaster, U. S. S. "Ra- 
 
 detzky." 
 Kolb, Raymond J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Kolodziej, Stanley — Machinist, Great Lakes Station. 
 Kolodziepki, Frank — 2d Quartermaster, U. S. Naval 
 
 Aviation. 
 Kolodziepski, Joseph N. — 2d-class Gunner's Mate.U. S. 
 
 S. "Segourney." 
 Konwinski, William — Seaman, U. S. S. "Quinnebarg." 
 Konwiezka, Frank D. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Konwinski, John — Co. H, U. S. Naval Aviation, 12th R. 
 Konwiezka, Louis S. 
 Kopankiewicz, Edmund N. — Apprentice Seaman, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Kopec, Michael — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Koppisch, Ernest J. — 2d-class Quartermaster, "Mt. 
 
 Vernon." Ship torpedoed September 5, 1918. 
 Korda, Walter F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Korls, Amo A. — 2d-class, U. S. S. "Massachusetts." 
 Korman, Morris J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F 
 Korst, Charles — Gunner. 
 Koscielniak, John S. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Koscinski, Walter P. — U. S. S. "George Washington." 
 Kosdziej, Stanley — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Kosmanski, Frank J. — Coxswain, 23d Co., Rec. Ship. 
 Kosters, Henry F. — Gunner's Mate. 
 Kosters, Henry F. — Ist-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Kowalak, Joseph — Coxswain, 630th Co., N. U. "K." 
 Kowalowski, Leo F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Kowalowski, Peter — Ist-class Fireman. 
 Kowalski, Henry — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a). 
 Kowicor, Frank— U. S. S. "Guttiri." 
 Kowinski, William — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Kozminski, John St. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Kozowski, Henry M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Kraehn, Clarence E. — Lieut., U. S. S. "Missouri." 
 Kraengel, Eugene M. — Quartermaster, Naval Air Sta- 
 tion, 7th Regiment. 
 Kraetsch, Edward T.— Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Lake 
 
 Pleasant." 
 Kraft, Wilbur G. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Krajna, Leo A. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Hanoh." 
 Kramer, Albert J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a),N. R. F. 
 Kramer, Albert W. — Philadelphia Navy Yard. 
 Krantz, Michael T. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 Kranz, George — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Kratz, George H. — Seaman. 
 Kratz, Harold — Seaman, Naval Training Unit. 
 Krawizyk, Edward — U. S. S. "Kearsarge." 
 Kreienberg, William J. — Ist-class Radio Electrician, 
 
 U. S. S. "Western City." 
 Kreiner, Howard G. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Krejna, Leo A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Kress, Michael — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 Kress, William — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 Kreuger, George R. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Kreutter, Edward G. — Yeoman, Squad 2, U. S. Air Sta. 
 Kreuzer, Joseph D. — A. P. 
 
 Kriegbaum, Leonard J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Krieger, Chester L. — U. S. S. " Roanoke" — Mine Layer. 
 Krieger, Edward J. — U. S. Naval Air Station. 
 Krieger, Stanley W. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Krieke, Arthur J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a) 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Kriepe, Arthur J. — 15th Co., Great Lakes Training Sta. 
 Kroetsch, Edward T. — Ist-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 Krohn, Sidney A. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, N. R. F. 
 Kromer, Nelson E. — 2d-class Mach., Naval Aviation. 
 Krueger, Charles H. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Krug, Roy F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Krug, William J. — Coal Passer. 
 Krushel, William M. — Seaman, Co. B, Great Lakes 
 
 Station, 13th Regiment. 
 Kruzicki, Ignatius B. — Private, U. S. S. "President 
 
 Grant." 
 Kruzicki, John A. — Private, Frankfort Arsenal. 
 Krysinski, Albert F. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Kryszak, Stephen F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Ksiazkiewicz, Alexander — Sailor. 
 
 Ksoazkiewicz, Alexander A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Kubera, Alexander A. — U. S. S. "North Carolina." 
 Kuczynski, Thomas E. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Kuhn, Alfred P. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Kuhn, Frank F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Kuhn, Frank M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Kumpf, Louis G. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 Kuns, Robert F. — 3d-class Pharmacist's Mate. 
 
 Receiving Ship at New York. 
 Kurtz, Alphonse — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Kuryloski, Stanley — Seaman, U. S. Destroyer "Stew- 
 art." 
 Kurz, Casimier — Ist-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Iowa." 
 Kurz, Stephen — 2d-class Seaman. 
 Kuschel, Joseph F. — 4 A. 
 
 Kuster, Clifford — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a). 
 Kusz, Casimere — U. S. S. "Montana." 
 Kusz, Stephen J. — U. S. Submarine Base. 
 Kwiatck, Edwin — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Kwiecienski, Val. F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Lade, Charles G.— Lieut., U. S. S. "New York." 
 Lae, Frank A. — Yeoman. 
 Laevida, Frank — Boilermaker. 
 LaHoduz, Harold W. — Landsman, for Carpenter's 
 
 Mate (a), N. R. F. 
 Lain, Edward E. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Oklahoma." 
 Laird, John G. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N. R. F. 
 Laird, Leonard L. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 LaMarco, Edward J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Lamberton, Arthur R. — Seaman, U. S. S."Mt. Vernon." 
 
 Torpedoed September 5, 1918. 
 Lambour, Harry A. — 2d-class Quartermaster, U. S. 
 
 Navy Aviation. 
 Lamson, Ralph E. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N. R. F. 
 Landerdale, T. W.— Pharmacist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Antigone." 
 Landgraf, Frank A. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Landry, Ewart A. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 
644 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Lane, Charles W. — Lieut., Junior Grade, N. R. F. 
 
 Lane, Peter — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Laney, Joseph M. — Shipwaiter, S. S. "Cutler Caswell." 
 
 Lang, Aloysius S. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 
 Lang, Arthur H. — Quartermaster, U. S. S. "Rynland." 
 
 Lang, Charles W. — U. S. S. "Kearsarge." 
 
 Lang, Edward — Great Lakes. 
 
 Lang, Edward C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Lang, Edward F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Lang, Edwin H. — Chief Machinist, U. S. Navy Avia. 
 
 Lang, Elmer G. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Amminton." 
 
 Lang, Gerhart — 2d-class Engineer, U. S. S. "Glouster." 
 
 Lang, George C. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Birmingham." 
 
 Lang, George F. — Ist-class Gunner's Mate. 
 
 Lang, Helmuth G. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Lang, Joseph J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Lang, Raymond E. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Lange, Arthur H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Lange, Leonard A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Lange, Max V.— N. R. F. 
 
 Langenberg, WiUiam D. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Langner, Alfred H. — Ist-class Yeoman, U. S. S. "Plym- 
 outh." 
 
 Lankes, Albert F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Lannen, Clyde — Shipfitter. 
 
 Lannen, Thomas E. — Ist-class Boatswain's Mate, U. S. 
 S. "Iowa." 
 
 Lanz, Paul G. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a). 
 
 Lapey, James M. — Aviator. 
 
 Larimer, John E. — Quartermaster, 684th S. P. 
 
 Larish, Earl A. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, Naval Avi- 
 ation Corps. 
 
 LaRocque, Edward J. — Service Inspection Cost, U. S. 
 Navy Aviation. 
 
 LaTona, Jacob A. — 2d-class Quartermaster, U. S. S. K-3 
 
 Latshaw, Frank W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Lauffer, Arthur E. — Watertender, U. S. S. "Arizona." 
 
 Laverty, Arthur A. — U. S. Navy. Injured November 2, 
 1918, Puget Sound, Wash. 
 
 Laverty, James F. — 2d-class Boatswain's Mate, " Mt. 
 Vernon." Torpedoed September 15, 1918. 
 
 Lawless, George M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Lawrence, E. G. G.— Ensign, N. R. F. 
 
 Lawrence, Lewis M. — 2d-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Illin- 
 ois." 
 
 Lawton, Lynn S. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Leahy, L. R. — Ensign. 
 
 Leahy, L. R. — Lieut. Commander. 
 
 Leary, James M. — 2d-class Carpenter's Mate, Naval 
 Base 19. 
 
 Leary, Martin — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 
 Leary, Robert— Chief Electrician (Rad.), N. R. F. 
 
 Leary, Vincent P. — 2d-class Quartermaster, U. S. S. 
 "Munrio." 
 
 Leaver, John F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Lebheig, Ed. J. — Ensign, U. S. S. "Kanawha." 
 
 Lebherz, Edwin J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Lemming, Joseph L. — Ensign, U. S. S. "Albany." 
 
 Lee, Roger A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Lefifero, Russell — Great Lakes. 
 
 Lehner, Simon A. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Lehrbach, H. G. — Lieut. 
 
 Leigh, Frank J. — Coxswain, LI. S. "Mt. Vernon." 
 
 Ship torpedoed September 5, 1918. 
 Lieffer, LaVern J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Leipler, R. J. — Coxswain, U. S. S. "Reid." 
 Leising, Philip J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Leitermann, Anthony A. — U. S. Submarine Base. 
 Leith, Harold — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Leitrick, Albert J. — Seaman, U. S. Navy. Injured 
 
 August, 1918, at Minneapolis, Minn. 
 Lelorek, Leo — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Lemme, Camillo — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Lemme, Edward H. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Lemme, Vincent N. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Lenahan, Edward J. — 2d-class Engine, U. S. S. "Mis- 
 sissippi. Injured July 6, 1918, at sea. 
 Leney, Leslie F. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. Navy Aviation 
 Lenham, Theodore L. — 2d-class Gunner's Mate, U. S. 
 
 Navy Aviation. 
 Lennon, William P. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Leonard, Chas. P. — Recruiting Duty. 
 Leonard, Elmer L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Leonard, Eugen — 2d-class Seaman. 
 Leonard, Eugene M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Leonard, Norman W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Leons, Eugene, Jr. — N. R. F. 
 Leprell, Arthur C. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 LePrell, Frank L. — Landsman, for Quartermaster. 
 Lergenmiller, J. J. — Pharmacist. 
 Lesanti, Joseph W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Lesinski, Victor — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Lesniak, Joseph J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Lesniowski, John — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Lesniowski, John — Fireman, U. S. S. "Lake Blanches- 
 
 tion." 
 Lesswing, Herbert F. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. 
 
 " Martha Washington." 
 Leto, Prospero C. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Leutenegger, Carl J. — Ist-class Hospital Apprentice, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Levin, Manuel R. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Levindowski, Jack A. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Levy, Marvin — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Lewandowski, Charles — U. S. S. "Leviathan." 
 Lewandowski, Dominick — U. S. S. "Oklahoma." 
 Lewandowski, Stanley J. — Landsman, for B. L. K. 
 Lewendowski, John L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Lewenicht, Harry — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N. 
 
 R. F. 
 Lewis, Francis — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Lewis, James R. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Lewis, Lawrence F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Lewis, Percy G. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Lewis, William F. — 2d-class Seaman. 
 Lewis, William F. — 2d-class Gunner's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Frederick." Injured June 10, 1918. 
 Lewis, William — Apprentice Seaman. 
 L'Hommediew, Harry — Lieut., Junior Grade. 
 Lichenwalter, Albert — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Liebel, Albert— N. R. F. 
 
U. S. Navy 
 
 645 
 
 Lieberman, Jerome — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Liekweg, Henry — Gunner. 
 
 Lienert, Richard L. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate. 
 Liebert, Robert A. — Chief Carpenter's Mate, N. R. F. 
 Lifshitz, Max — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Liles, Bert L. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N. R. F. 
 Liles, Leon D. — Chief Quartermaster, U. S. S. "Maine." 
 Lillie, Albert E. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Lillis, Paul A. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Linaborn, Howard — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Lindahl, Arthur — Naval Aviation. 
 Lindeman, Fredeiick F. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Linder, Charles H. — 2d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 Lindholm, John— U. S. Naval Base 29. 
 Lindner, Joseph M. — 2d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 Lindquist, Herman E. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Lindsay, Bruce M. — 2d-class Yeoman. 
 Linke, Ralph — Ist-class Mechanic's Mate. 
 Linkowski, Stanley — U. S. S. "Galatearig." 
 Linn, James Q. — 2d-class S. F. 
 Linneman, Bernard J. — Landsman, for Machinist's 
 
 Mate, N. R. F. 
 Linneman, Harry A. — Ist-cl. Machinist's Mate, N.R.F. 
 Linsmier, Edwin — Pvt. 
 
 Lipka, Valentine X. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Lipp, Leon— Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Albany." 
 Lips, Geo. H. — 2d-class Seaman. 
 Lipsins, Kurt R.— Plumber and Fitter, N. R. F. 
 Lipsitz, Carlton — 2d-class Seaman, Great Lakes. 
 Lipsitz, Morris — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N. R. F. 
 Liske, Ralph W. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Little, H. H. — Midshipman. 
 
 Little, Harold H.— Lieut. Com., U. S. S. "Wyoming." 
 Livingston, John A. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 LoBue, Carmelo A. 
 
 Lock, J. Howard — Stewart, U. S. S. "Aramis." 
 Lockman, Leroy T. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F. 
 Lockwood, Arthur P.— 2d-class Petty Officer, U. S. S. 
 
 "Minnesota." 
 Lockwood, A. W. — Ensign, N. R. F. 
 Lockwood, Thornton H. — Landsman, for Machinist's 
 
 Mate, N. R. F. 
 Lodowski, Victor H. — Great Lakes. 
 Loeffler, Fred J.— U. S. S. "Maning." 
 Loefke, William — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Loesch, Anthony — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Levia- 
 than." 
 Loftus, Edward J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Logan, Sherman H. — Ist-class Shipfitter, Air Station. 
 Lomas, Alfred J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Lombard, Ralph Dean — Chief Quartermaster, N. R. F. 
 Lombard, Ralph D. — Ensign, Naval Aviation. 
 Long, Alton E. — Hospital Corpsman, Great Lakes. 
 Long, Claude W. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a) 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Long, Frederick F. — Lieut., 1st Chief Engineer. 
 Longhouse, G. L. — Ist-class Boatswain's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Matsonia." 
 
 Loop, Raymond E. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N.R.F. 
 
 Loos, Arthur L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Lord, Harry R. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 
 Lorpy, Leon V. — Hospital Nurse, U. S. S. "Panaman." 
 
 Loughlin, Vincent J. — Seaman, Great Lakes. 
 
 Love, Francis — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Lowack, Fred — U. S. S. "New Mexico." 
 
 Lowe, Harold M. — Quartermaster. 
 
 Lowe, Raymond J. — 2d-class Coxswain's Mate, U. S.N. 
 
 Lowenstein, William J.— Petty Officer, U.S.S. " Huron." 
 
 Lubridy, John J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Lucas, Joseph — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 
 Lucas, Ralph A.— Chief Turret Captain, U. S. S. "New 
 
 Mexico." 
 Luders, Elmer E. — Landsman, for Quartermaster. 
 Ludwig, Charles B. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Ludwig, Howard J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Luebeke, Arthur W. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Luedeke, William P., Jr. — Seaman. 
 Luense, Robert C. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Lugg, Edwin H. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate. 
 Lukaszewski, Joseph — U. S. S. "Murray." 
 Luke, Fred J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Luksch, Joseph — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Lumpp, Frederick D. — 2d-class Baker, N. R. F. 
 Lund, Daniel B. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Lundelius, Carl, Jr. — Landsman, for Yeoman. 
 Lupps, Henry J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Luther, William H. — Landsman, for Quartermaster. 
 Lutz, Carl H.— Spech. Mechanic, N. R. F. 
 Lutz, John — 2d-class Fireman. 
 Lux, Donald J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Lynch, Edwin J. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Mississippi." 
 Lynch, Irving M. — 2d-class Seaman, Great Lakes. 
 Lynch, Michael L. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate. 
 Lynda, Theodore L. — Ist-class Gunner's Mate. 
 Lyon, Harold M. — Ist-class Hospital Apprentice, 
 
 Brooklyn Navy Hospital. 
 Lyon, Stuart G. — Chief Quartermaster, N. R. F. 
 MacAuley, Alexander C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F.. 
 MacCosham, John A., Jr. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 MacDonald, Frederick D. — Landsman, for Machinist's 
 
 Mate (a), N. R. F. 
 MacDonald, George A., Jr. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 MacDonald, K. B. — Lieut. Commander, N. R. F. 
 MacDonald, Keith H. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 MacDonald, Stewart K.— Radio Electrician, U. S. S. 
 
 "Lake Caspar." 
 MacDonald, William R. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Maciejewski, Maryan J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Maciejewski, Ignatius — U. S. S. "Surveyor." 
 Mack, Anthony J. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Wis- 
 consin." 
 Mackay, James W. — Landsman for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 MacKenzie, Donald C— 1st Sgt., 7 Naval Radio 
 
 School. 
 
646 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 MacLean, James K. — Radio Operator, "Lake Lida." 
 MacNeil, Joseph J. — 2d-class Yeoman, U. S. S. Sib- 
 
 oney. 
 MacWade, Irving M. — Landsman, Q. M. (a). 
 McAfee, Roy W. — 2d-class Carpenter's Mate, U. S. 
 
 Naval Air Station, Pensacola. 
 McAullffe, Raymond J. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. 
 
 "West Point." 
 McBean, Robert M. — Reserve Officer, Merchant Mar. 
 McCann, Joseph C. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 McCann, Samuel J. — 2d-class Fireman. 
 McCarthy, Charles A. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 McCarthy, Dennis J. — 3d-class Yeoman, 1st Reg. Barr. 
 McCarthy, James C. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 McCarthy, Jeremiah D. — Ensign (D). 
 McCarthy, Jeremiah J., Jr. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 McCarthy, John B. — Machinist's Mate, Submarine 
 
 Base. 
 McCarthy, John E. — Apprentice Seaman, Naval Res. 
 McCarthy, John J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 McCarthy, John M.— Gunner, U. S. S. "Tiger." 
 McCarthy, John M. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 McCarthy, Joseph A. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 McCarthy, Leroy M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 McCarthy, Owen J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 McCarthy, Wilfred — 2d-class Seaman. 
 McCaughey, Herbert— 2d-class S. K., U. S. S. "New- 
 York." 
 McClive, Douglas W. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 McConnell, Charles R. — Ist-class Fireman. 
 McConnell, Stuart De G.— Chief Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 McCourt, WilHam F.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 McCoy, Kneeland S. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 McCue, Edmund J. — Ist-class Mechanic, 15th U. S. 
 
 N. R. 
 McCue, William J. — Observer, U. S. Naval Air Force. 
 McDade, Henry J. — Radio Operator, Lake Forest. 
 McDermott, Joseph H. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 McDonnell, Arthur J. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 McDonnell, Thomas J. — Chief Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 McDonald, James P. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Polar Star." 
 McDonald, James P. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 McDonald, Leo C. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 McDonald, Leo P. — Landsman, for Chief Machinist(a). 
 McDonald, Raymond J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 McDonough, John — Ist-class Seaman, 2d Regiment, 
 
 Pelham Bay. 
 McDougall, James E. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 McElligott, Michael J. — Philadelphia Navy Yard. 
 McEnery, James E. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 McFadden, William L. — U. S. Shipping Board. 
 McFarland, Walter A. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate. 
 McGee, James P. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a) 
 
 Naval Reserve. 
 McGowan, Thomas J. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, 
 
 U. S. S. "Harrisburg." 
 McGrath, James J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 McGrath, Thomas — 2d-class Quartermaster, U. S. 
 
 Naval Aviation. 
 McGuire, Bernard E. — Seaman, U.S. S." New Mexico." 
 
 McGuire, Harold F.— 3d-class S. F. 
 
 McGuire, Joseph A. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Mcintosh, Donald A. — 2d-Machinist's Mate, Subma- 
 rine Service. 
 Mclntyre, George W. — Seaman, U. S. S. "New York." 
 McKee, Harry C— N. R. F. 
 McKellan, Earle P.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 McKenna, Edward J. — Landsman, for Yeoman. 
 McKowne, Ray G. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 McLaren, Frederick H. — 2d-class Fireman, U. S. S. 
 
 "Kearsage." 
 McLaren, Malcolm — Lieut., Junior Grade (Eng.), 
 
 N. R. F. 
 McLaughlin, Joseph A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 McLean, Frank E. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 McLennan, Russell G. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 McLeonard, Norman — 3d-class Yeoman. 
 McLeod, Allan J.— Boiler Maker, U. S. S. "Favorite." 
 McMahon, Thomas J. — 3d-class Quartermaster. 
 McManus, Franklin E. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 McManus, Irwin — Apprentice Seaman. 
 McMullen, Eugene — 2d-class Seaman, U.S.S. "Illinois." 
 McMurray, Robert F. — Machinist's Mate (a), N. R. F. 
 McNair, L. N. — Commander, U. S. S. "Melville." 
 McNally, Edward C. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 McNally, John — Seaman, N. R. F. 
 McNamara, Loren C. — Aviation I, U. S. Nav>% Great 
 
 Lakes Station. 
 McNaughton, William — Ensign, U. S. S. " Montpelier." 
 McNearney, James P. — Seaman. 
 McNeff, Harvey H. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 McPherson, Margaret — Petty Officer, Ordnance Dept. 
 
 Naval. 
 McQueen, Melvin — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Machrzak, Frank L. — U. S. S. "America." 
 Mack, Richard H. — U. S. Naval Aviation Base, East- 
 
 leigh, Eng. 
 Mack, Walter A.— Pvt., Ship Repair Unit 301. 
 Mackenburg, Clarence W. — Apprentice Seaman, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Mackowiak, Edward — Training Station. 
 Maclay, Geoffrey E. — Ensign, L^. S. S. "Castine." 
 Madden, Henry S. — Chief Petty Officer, Sub-base, 
 
 Nahant, Mass. 
 Magee, Eugene — Navy Signal School. 
 Magee, Frank — Pvt., Marine Aviation. 
 Magner, E. B.— Ensign, N. R. F. 
 Magorero, Carmen — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Maher, Michael J. — Navy Intelligence. 
 Maher, Peter A. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Mahlmeister, Anthony I. — 3d-class Quartermaster, 
 
 U. S. S. "Eastern Shore." 
 Mahoney, Daniel J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F. 
 Mahoney, Joseph N. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Mahoney, Joseph V. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Mahoney, Walter A. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Maisel, Walter C. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Rockefeller." Injured May 18, 1918. 
 Majchrzak, Frank L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Majchrzycki, Theodore — Landsman, for X. M. (a). 
 
U. S. Navy 
 
 647 
 
 Makowski, Anthony S. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Makowski, Stanley V. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Malak, Frank — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Malcomb, Archer W. — Sailor, Great Lakes. 
 Male, A. E. J.— Lieut., N. R. F. 
 Malican, Leo E.— Chief Machinist's Mate, N. R. F. 
 Malican, Wm. V. — Great Lakes. 
 Malone, Michael J. — Seaman. 
 Cited for rescue at sea. 
 
 Malone, Peter L. — Coxswain. 
 
 Maloney, Edward A. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Maloney, John F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Maloney, John S. — Ensign, N. R. F. 
 
 Maloney, Thomas M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Manaher, John D. — Seaman, U. S. S. "New Jersey." 
 
 Mandel, Stephen J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Mangold, Oscar H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Manguso, James H. — N. R. F. 
 
 Mania, Louis — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S." Santa Clara." 
 
 Mann, Francis M. — Ist-class Quartermaster, N. R. F. 
 
 Manning, Joseph E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Mantey, Charles— rSd-class Fireman. 
 
 Mantey, Jacob — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Marc, Ralph R. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Marciniak, Stanley C. — Landsman, for Machinist's 
 
 Mate (a), N. R. F. 
 Marchard, Chauncey A. — Ist-class Hosp. App., N.R.F. 
 Mardel, Stanislaus P. — Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Marek, Matthew A. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Marion, Joseph A. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Mark, Walter— Pvt., C. A. C. 
 
 Markey, Francis T. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Tallapoosa." 
 Markiewicz, Stanley — U. S. S. "Leviathan." 
 Markowski, Bill — Gun Captain, U. S. S. "McKenney." 
 Marlinski, Alex F. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 Marohn, Charlie H., Jr.— 2d-class Ship's Cook, U.S.S. 
 
 "Nicholson." 
 Maroney, Jos. V. — Ist-class Machinist, U. S. S. "Min- 
 neapolis." 
 Maroney, Joseph V. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Maroney, Wm. J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Marshall, Rudolph J. — Ist-class Carpenter's Mate, 
 
 Naval Air Station, Pensacola. 
 Marson, Michael C. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Marterer, John — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Martin, Charles W.— Ship Repair Unit 30L 
 Martin, Frank P. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Martin, George E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Martin, Hazel K.— N. R. F. 
 
 Martin, James V. — 2d-class Hospital App., N. R.F. 
 Martin, John — Coxswain, N. R. F. 
 Martin, John S. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Martin, Joseph B. — Ist-class Gun Pointer, U. S. S. 
 
 "Coronia." 
 Martin, Walter G. — Seaman, U. S. S. "New Jersey." 
 Marvin, .John D. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Marvin, Leonard W. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Marx, Ralph R. — Seaman, Rifle Range, Great Lakes. 
 Mason, Frank T. — Gunner's Mate, Great Lakes. 
 
 Masset, Frank L. — U. S. Naval Air Station, Coisini, 
 Italy. 
 
 Massman, William F. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, 
 U. S. S. "Lake Crescent." 
 
 Masterson, Harold T. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Masterson, Joseph S. — L. M. M. A., Great Lakes. 
 
 Matchulet, George O. -2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Matham, T. E. — Naval Air Station, Rockaway Beach. 
 
 Matthew, J. C. — 3d-class Fireman, U. S. S. "So. Caro- 
 lina." 
 
 Matthews, Delmer A. — Signalman, U. S. S. "Western 
 Front." 
 
 Mathews, Jacob H. — Chief Quartermaster, N. R. F. 
 
 Matthews, Stephen J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Matter, Clemens B. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a). 
 
 Matthies, Frank — Naval Base, Hampton Roads. 
 
 Matthies, Albert F.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Mattimore, Harry L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Mattulke, William — Yeoman, Great Lakes. 
 
 Matura, Anthony — Ist-class Mechanic, U. S. S. "Black 
 Hawk." 
 
 Maturski, Joseph — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Mauerman, Alvin G. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Zerlandia." 
 
 Maul, Albert M. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a). 
 
 Maurer, Gustav C. — Ist-class Machinist, Naval Trans- 
 port Service. 
 
 Maurer, Walter J. — Naval Air Service. 
 
 Mawhir, William T. — 2d-class Seaman, Receiving Ship, 
 Puget Sound. 
 
 Maxwell, John J. — Fireman, U. S. S. "George Wash- 
 ington." 
 
 Maxwell, Walter J. — Seaman, Naval Rifle Range, Mt. 
 Pleasant. 
 
 May, Ralph G. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Mayer, Geo, C. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, N. R. F. 
 
 Mayer, John V. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a), 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Maytham, Thomas E. — Ensign, Naval Aviation. 
 
 Mazarek, John — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Mazur, Joseph C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Mazurowski, John E. — U. S. Naval Radio School, 
 Cambridge, Mass. 
 
 Mead, Geo. A. — Ist-class Yeoman. 
 
 Meadway, Walter H. — Chief Machinist's Mate, N.R.F. 
 
 Means, Arthur B. — 3d-class Gunner's Mate, Torpedo 
 Section. 
 
 Mease, John J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Meegan, Harold C. — Ist-class Seaman, Naval Aviation. 
 
 Meegan, John J. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. Coast Guard. 
 
 Meegan, Michael J. — Ist-class Fireman. 
 
 Meeker, George H. — Chief Machinist's Mate, N. R. F. 
 
 Megge, August — Carpenter. 
 
 Mehlenbacher, Howard J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Meindl, Alphonse Y. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Meiers, Frederick H. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 
 Meldrum, Alan K. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 
 Meldrum, Herbert A., Jr. — Ist-class Gunner's Mate, 
 Great Lakes. 
 
 Mellins, Earl J.— Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 "Chicago." 
 
648 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Mellins, Otto A.— Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Lake Dancey." 
 Mello, Joseph C. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Melson, Stanley — U. S. S. "Naiwa." 
 Melzer, Isadore — 3d-class Storekeeper, Great Lakes. 
 Menard, E. 0. — 3d-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Salem." 
 Mendecker, Joseph F. — Ist-class Fireman. 
 Menge, Harold S. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Menter, Michael A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Mergenhagan, Fred — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Mergler, Andrew B. — Gunner's Mate, Rena Mercedes 
 
 Amop. 
 Merkel, Frank J. — Coal Passer. 
 Merry, Don L. — Hospital Apprentice. 
 Mersmann, John F. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 Merzig, Nicholas C. — Seaman. 
 Meske, Carl— U. S. S. "Texas." 
 Messersmith, Frederick B. — Ship Rigger. 
 Messersmith, William H. — 2d-class Yeoman, Receiving 
 
 Barracks. 
 Metke, Nelson W. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a) . 
 Metlak, Joseph M. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Vermont." 
 Metz, John T. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a), 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Metz, Philip F.— Ensign, U. S. S. "The Jean." 
 Metzdorf, Edward — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Metzen, Edwin P. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 Metzger, Adolph — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a) 
 
 (a),N. R.F. 
 Metzger, Isadore — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Meyer, Carlton J. — 2d-class Yeoman, Gun Plant, Erie 
 
 Forge and Steel Co. 
 Meyer, Charles E. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 Meyer, William G. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. 
 
 S. "Van Steuben." 
 Meyers, Joseph D. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 Miano, Frank L. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a), 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Miceli, Thomas J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Michalski, Alexander F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Michalski, Edmund A. — Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Miers, Floyd — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Migge, August — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a). 
 Milford, Henry E. — Ensign, U. S. S. "Cacique." 
 Militello, Frank J.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Miller, Adam J. — Ist-class Fireman. 
 Miller, Albert — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Miller, Albert A. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Miller, Anthony J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Miller, A. J.— Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Arizona." 
 Miller, Arthur J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Miller, August — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Miller, Carl F. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Miller, Chester L. — Apprentice Seaman, U. S. S. "Mt. 
 
 Vernon." 
 Miller, Edw. J.— Seaman., U. S. S. "Seneca." 
 Miller, Edwin L.— Chief Petty Officer, N. R. F. 
 Miller, Geo. D.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Miller, George H. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Seneca." 
 Miller, Geo. W. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 
 Miller, Hiram H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Miller, Howard L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Miller, Ivan W. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Miller, James — Apprentice Seaman, U. S. S. "Tusca- 
 
 rora." 
 Miller, John S.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Miller, John W. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Miller, Louis E. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a), 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Miller, Louis J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Miller, Lewis J. — Naval Rifle Range, Mt. Pleasant. 
 Miller, Robert J.— 2d-class Electrician, U. S. S. "South 
 
 Carolina." 
 Miller, Rudolph C— Lieut., Junior Grade, N. R. F. 
 Miller, Wm. A. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 Miller, Wm. F.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Miller, William H. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Millheiser, Edw. D. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F 
 Millidge, Chas. W.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Millidge, Edward T.— Seaman, U. S. S. "Iowa." 
 Milligan, George — Lieut., Junior Grade, N. R. F. 
 Milligan, John M. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Wissahickor." 
 Millring, Jas. R. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, N. R. F. 
 Mills, Edward E. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 Mills, Earle M. — 3d-class Pharmacist's Mate. 
 Mills, W. S., Jr.— Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Chicago." 
 Milsom, Edwin A. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 Milsom, Edwin J. — Petty Officer, Naval Aviation. 
 Milsom, Wm. C— Chief Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Minahan, Arthur C. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Mink, Chas. F. — Landsman, for Electrician, Training 
 
 Station, Harvard. 
 Mink, George A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Mioducki, Louis E. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Miranda, Frank L. — Landsman, for Baker, N. R. F. 
 Mischka, Carl B. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Missall, Max — Ist-class Gunner, U. S. S. "Beafort." 
 Mitchell, Henry A. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 Mittek, William J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Mittlesladt, Chas. E.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Mocny, Isidore T. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Moelich, Elmer F. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Moench, John C. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Moffett, Frank A. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Mohr, Walter V.— N. R. F. 
 Mol, Joseph — Ist-class Boatswain's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Oklahoma." 
 Molik, Frank J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Monnin, Frank E.— C. P. 0. (Yeoman), U. S. "Titon." 
 Montgomery, G. M. — 3d-class Yeoman. 
 Montgomery, Gardner M. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Montgomery, Wesley P. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Montgomery, Wm. D. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Moody, Marion E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R.F. 
 Mooney, Jos. F. — 2d-class Gunner's Mate, Sub-base. 
 Mooney, John J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Mooney, Joseph T. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
U. S. Navy 
 
 649 
 
 Mooney, Joseph W. — Engineman,U. S. S. "Leviathan." 
 Moore, DeWitt R. — Hospital Apprentice, U. S. Naval 
 
 Training Station. 
 Moore, Wesley H. — 2d-class Apprentice Seaman (R), 
 
 Pelham Bay Training Camp. 
 Moore, William C. — 3d-class Electrician, Rad., N. R. F. 
 Moran, Harry C. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Moran, John W., Jr. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Morehouse, Wm. C. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Morey, James B. — Chief Quartermaster (a), N. R. F. 
 Morfogenis, John L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Morgan, Fred D. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Moriarity, Frank J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Moringstar, Wm. J. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Lake Eliko." 
 Morley, Arthur L. — Ist-class Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Morlock, Joseph E. — Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Morrell, Clarence G. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Morris, Henry H. — Blacksmith, N. R. F. 
 Morris, Henry H. — Machinist, N. R. F. 
 Morris, Herbert W. — Chief Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Morrissey, Francis J. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Morrissey, Wm. J. — Ensign, N. R. F. 
 Morton, Thos. H. — U. S. S. "Louisiana." 
 Morton, William— 2d-class Cook, N. R. F. 
 Mosack, Arthur L. — 2d-class Machinists' Mate. 
 Moser, Francis L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Mosier, John — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Moss, Norman — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Moss, James A. — Ist-class Quartermaster, U. S. S. 
 
 "Hinton." 
 Moss, W. R. M. — Ensign, Naval Aviation. 
 Mossinac, Eugene A. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Mowitz, Karl F. W. — Quartermaster, U.S.S. "Seneca." 
 Mowrey, John H. — Ist-class Carpenter's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Leviathan." 
 Mrozinski, Leo — Naval Aviation. 
 Muck, Allan J. — 2d-class Seaman, U.S.S." Leviathan." 
 Muck, Clarence J. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Michigan." 
 Muckler, Daniel M. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F. 
 Muckler, Wm. F. — Seaman. 
 
 Muegel, Lewis P. — Quartermaster, U. S. S. " Occident." 
 Muench, Clarence — Seaman. 
 Muenzel, Edgar H. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Muffoletto, Joseph S. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Muir, William A. — Apprentice Seaman, Navy. 
 Mullaney, James M. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. 
 
 R. F. 
 Mullen, Charles D. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Mullen, John D.— 2d-class Machinist's Mate, S. P. 72L 
 Mullen, Laurie — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a), 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Mullen, Thomas K. — Gunner, U. S. S. "Calarmares." 
 Mullen, Thomas K. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, N. 
 
 R. F. 
 Mullen, William J. — 2d-class Fireman. 
 Mulligan, John J. — Helmsman, U. S. S. "Matsonia." 
 Mulroy, Lewen L. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Mutterer, Walter J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Mumm, Chas. F. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Dyer." 
 
 Mumm, John F. —Chief Machinist's Mate, N. R. F. 
 Munch, Arthur F. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Munger, Geo. A. — Ist-class Yeoman. 
 Munschauer, Roy L.— Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Pro- 
 
 muthens." 
 Munsell, Chas. G.— Chief Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Muntz, John P. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Murdock, Thomas J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Murphy, Francis D. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Murphy, James P. — Chief Commander, Great Lakes. 
 Murphy, John J. — Chief Machinist's Mate, Naval Air 
 
 Station, Miami, Florida. 
 Murphy, Thomas J. — 2d-class Machinist, U. S. S. 
 
 "Lake Otisco." 
 Murphy, Wm. E. — Ensign, U. S. S. "Aegonne." 
 Murphy, William J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Murray, Arnold N. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Murray, Albert J. — Surfman, 236th Coast Guards. 
 Murray, James — Chief Engineer, U. S. S. "Connors- 
 
 ville." 
 Murrett, Peter J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Muschawek, Andrew F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Muscoreil, Michael — Machinist's Helper. 
 Musialowski, Anthony — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Mussen, Albert C. — Seaman, S. S. "Rijudsin." 
 Mussen, Chas. A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Mutchler, Maurice E. — Storekeeper, N. R. F. 
 Muth, Karl D. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Muth, DeForest E. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 Myers, Leroy — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Myers, J. H.— Ensign, N. R. F. 
 
 Myers, Merrill F. — Watertender, U.S.S. "Charleston." 
 Myholm, Elmer L — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Mysko, Stanislaw — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Nabozny, Frank J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Nachreiner, Frank — U. S. Shipping Board. 
 Nagi, John A. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Nagle, Daniel V. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Nalbert, Jewett — Ist-class Boatswain's Mate. 
 Naukam, Arthur H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Nassal, Carl J.— Pvt. 
 Nassal, Frederick A. — Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Granite State." 
 Navadel, Joseph M. — Warrant Officer, U. S. S. "Pow- 
 hatan." 
 Naylon, Thomas S. — Apprentice Seaman, U. S. S. 
 
 "Pres. Grant." 
 Near, Herbert C. — Gun Pointer, U. S. S. "Nebraska." 
 Nease, Howard S. — Pvt., U. S. S. "Arizona." 
 Necher, Leo E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Needham, Bernard L.— 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Neff, Edward F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Neff, Frank — Hampton Roads, Va. 
 Neff, Frank E. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a). 
 Neilon, Wm. H.— 2d-class Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Nelligan, John F. — Ensign, U. S. S. " Mount Vernon." 
 Nelson, Edward F.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Nelson, Glenn F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Nelson, Neil — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Nelson, William G.— Watertender, N. R. F. 
 
650 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Nerschel, George H. — Quartermaster, Sub-chaser 44. 
 
 Neubauer, Arthur — Lieut., Naval Rifle Range. 
 
 Neubauer, Frederick — Lieut., U. S. S. " Amphitrite." 
 
 Neudecker, Joseph F. — Seaman. 
 
 Neudecker, Joseph F. — Coal Passer Only. 
 
 Neuffler, Charles C. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, N. 
 
 R. F. 
 Neumeister, Raymond — U. S. S. "New Mexico." 
 Neuner, George B. — Landsman, for Baker, N. R. F. 
 Newbert, Ralph E.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Newland, Joseph W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Newland, William — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Newman, Arthur C. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate (a), 
 
 Naval Aviation. 
 Newman, A. J. — Ensign, Naval Reserve Pay Corps. 
 Newman, Mabel G. — Chief Petty Officer, Commander's 
 
 Office, New London. 
 Newman, W. C. — Gunner, N. R. F. 
 Nichols, Benjamin — Coal Passer. 
 
 Nicholls, George A. — Engineer, U. S. S. "Lawrence." 
 Nicholls, William J.— Machinist's Mate, U.S.S." Greer." 
 Nicholas, John W. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 Nickrenz, Ed. L. — Listener, Sub-chaser 73. 
 Nickrenz, Robert M.— Chief Machinist, U. S. S. "Cor- 
 
 yngham." 
 Nicol, William E. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 Nicol, William E. — 2d-class Yeoman, L^. S. S. "Don 
 
 Juan." 
 Niederlande, John — Seaman, U. S. S. "Canandaigua." 
 Nikiel, Anthony— Pvt., U. S. S. "Polorane." 
 Nilswiadomy, John P. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Nimon, Cecil R. — Seaman, Naval Training Station. 
 Noble, Curtiss G. — Ensign, Naval Aviation, Pensacola. 
 Noble, Harry E.— Fireman, Receiving Ship. 
 Noble, John H. — Ist-class Machinist, U. S. S. "Mercy." 
 Nobles, Walter L. — Yeoman, Naval Air Forces. 
 Nolan, Ralph W.— Petty Officer. 
 Nolan, William V. A. — Landsman, for Chief Machinist, 
 
 Aviation. 
 Norris, John N. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Norman, A. R. — 2d-class Fireman, Oil Barge 4. 
 Norrell, John B. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Northrup, Raymond — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Norton, Arthur L. — Seaman, Great Lakes. 
 Norton, Nathaniel S. — Ensign, U. S. S. "Lydonia." 
 Nosky, Edward N. — Chief Yeoman, Naval Training 
 
 Camp. 
 Notman, Arthur L. — Quartermaster, Mine-sweeper 
 
 "Kippel." 
 Nowak, John — Landsman, for Baker. 
 Nowak, Leo — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Nowakowski, Edmund — Pvt., U. S. S. "Lake Gakona." 
 Nowicki, Michael V. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Nusbaum, Edward J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Nuttle, John J. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Martha Washing- 
 ton." 
 Nyhart, Jay L. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 Oakes, Lewis W. — Ist-class Electrician, U. S. Coast 
 
 Guards. 
 Oakes, W^alter E. — Ist-class Electrician, U. S. Coast 
 
 Guards. 
 
 Obergfell, Edward A. 
 
 Oberst, Harry C. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N. R. F. 
 
 O'Brien, Austin J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 O'Connell, Edward G. — Machinist's Mate. 
 O'Brien, Edward M.— Watertender, U. S. S. "Dekalb." 
 O'Brien, Harry T. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 O'Brien, Joseph— 2d-class Ship Fitter, U. S. S. " Calu- 
 
 miet." 
 O'Brien, Michael E. — 2d-class Fireman. 
 O'Brien, William E.— Ensign, U. S. S. "Philadelphia." 
 O'Brien, William J.— U. S. S. "Canibus." 
 O'Brien, William J.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 O'Connell, James P. — Landsman, for Quartermaster. 
 O'Conner, Leo M. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 O'Connor, Arthur V. — Ensign. 
 O'Connor, Frank D.— Ist-class Pvt., U. S. S. "South 
 
 Carolina." Injured June, 1918. 
 O'Connor, John H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 O'Connor, John M. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 O'Connor, Richard E. — Landsman, . for Machinist's 
 
 Mate, N. R. F. 
 O'Connor, Thomas J. — Warrant Officer. 
 O'Connor, William M.— Chief Yeoman, U. S. S. "Al- 
 gonquin." 
 Oczkowski, Frank — Radio Sgt., U. S. Navy, Panama 
 
 Canal Zone. 
 O'Day, Margaret C— Pvt. Sec'y, U. S. Shipping Bd. 
 O'Donnell, Daniel M.— 3d-class Fireman, U. S. S. 
 
 "Madowaska." 
 O'Donnell, John F. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Carolina." 
 O'Donnell, Lester E. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Salem." 
 Oelheim, Herbert J. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Oetinger, Edward H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Offers, Theo. B. — Apprentice Seaman, U. S. S. "Rhode 
 
 Island." 
 Ogg, Robert R.— Lieut., U. S. S. " Kearsarge." 
 Oginbine, Joseph S. — U. S. S. "Onondaga." 
 O'Gorman, E. M.— Artificer, U. S. S. "Bridge." 
 O'Hara, Frank B. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 O'Hara, Leo H.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Ohlin, Roy P. — Radio Electrician's Apprentice, U. S. 
 
 Sub-chaser 25. 
 Ojeska, Albert — Ist-class Fireman, U.S.S. "Leviathan." 
 O'Kelly, Charles E.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Okomiewski, Walter J. — Seaman, U. S. S. "N. Orleans.' 
 O'Laughlin, Arthur J. — Seaman, N. R. F. 
 O'Laughlin, Charles F. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Wyoming." 
 Oldenburg, Walter F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Olds, Arch H.— Chief Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Oleander, Louis — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Olechowski, Steve— U. S. S. "Chester." 
 Olender, Louis — Unit X, U. S. Navy Operating Base. 
 Oliger, Joseph J. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "McDermuth." 
 Oliver, Byron F. — Quartermaster, U. S. S. "Kearsarge." 
 Olmsted, Raymond H. — Seaman. 
 O'Loughlin, James T. — Fireman. 
 Olsen, Bernard — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Olver, J. Harrington — 2d-class Seaman, Naval Radio 
 School. 
 
U. S. Navy 
 
 651 
 
 O'Malley, Mae M. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 O'Mara, Alfred — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 O'Mara, Joseph V. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 O'Neil, Chester — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 O'Neill, Daniel J. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 
 O'Neil, Frank .J. — Ist-dass Yeoman. 
 
 O'Neill, James W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Olivieri, Anthony J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Onisk, John Anthony — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Orlowski, Joseph A. — Watertender, U. S. S. "Celtic." 
 
 Orlowski, Walter L.— 2d-class Cook.U. S. S."Plunkett." 
 
 Ormond, Alfred C. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R.F. 
 
 O'Rourke, Norman J. — Radio Operator. 
 
 Orr, George A. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Orton, Clayton A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Osborne, Edward E. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 
 Osgood, Wayne I. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 O'Shea, William B. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate. 
 
 Oster, Edward J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Osterlag, Albert G.— Sec. Chief. 
 
 Ott, Carl F.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Ott, Frank H. — Landsman, for Y'^eoman. 
 
 Ottinger, Raymond E. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. 
 R. F. 
 
 Ouchie, Raymond C. — 2d-class Electrician, Aviation 
 Repair Base. 
 
 Owczarzak, Anthony — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Oyer, Leon L — Landsman, for Quartermaster. 
 
 Packard, Mark, .Jr.— Lieut., U. S. S. "Zeda." 
 
 Packard, Warren — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Page, Harold W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Page, Luchas J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Page, Philip E. — Chief Machinist's Mate. 
 
 Palermo, Anthony F. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Palewski, Leo — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Palmer, Charles B. — Chief Quartermaster, N. R. F. 
 
 Palmer, Horace R. — Ist-class Carpenter's Mate, N.R.F. 
 
 Panek, Bronislaus — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Panek, Joseph — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Panepinto, Samuel J. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Pbschylski, Valentine. 
 
 Pope, Albert E. — Ensign. 
 
 Parent, Charles — Petty Officer. 
 
 Parisi, Edward — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate, N. 
 R. F. 
 
 Parker, Baron L. — Pvt., U. S. S. "New Mexico." 
 
 Parks, Ralph C— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Parmelee, Foster — Ensign, N. R. F. 
 
 Parrish, .John W. L.— Coal Passer Only, U. S. S. "Min- 
 neapolis." 
 
 Parry, Russell W.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Parsons, Deborah H. — 2d-class Y'eoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Partridge, Kenneth L. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. 
 "Minnesota." 
 
 Partyka, Bolesaus C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Pasternacki, Paul — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Patterson, Geo. E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Patterson, John J. — Mechanic. 
 
 Paul, William— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Paul, W. S.— Bugler, U. S. S. "Montana." 
 
 Pawelska, Leo— U. S. S. "North Dakota." 
 
 Pawlitz, Fred F. — 2d-class Seaman. 
 
 Pawlowski, Brownie — 2d-class Seaman. 
 
 Pawlowski, Louis — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Paxson, Herbert A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Peabody, Clarence S. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Pearce, Harry A. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 
 Pearce, S. A. — 2d-class Electrician, Receiving Ship 
 
 "New York." 
 Pearch, Edward J. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 Peard, Edgar L. — Radio Operator, U. S. S. "Cotapaxi." 
 Peard, Richard T. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F. 
 Pearleo, Charles W. — Ist-class Electrician. 
 Peck, Charles S.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Peck, Edward C. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Dahlgren." 
 Peck, Elmer Ray — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Peck, Harold L. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Pederson, Charles E. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Pfeffer, Harry D. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Pellette, Earl J. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, Great 
 
 Lakes Station, Aviation. 
 Pelloth, John — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate. 
 Peisachow, Nathan — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Penders, Frank J. — U. S. S. "Pastores." 
 Fenders, Leo P. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Penders, Robert J. — Coal Passer Only, U. S. Navy. 
 Pendery, Horace Jindlay — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Peppier, Harry A. — Lieut. 
 Percy, Swayze Price — Machinist's Mate. 
 Perkins, Frank N.— Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "0-11." 
 Pernick, George J. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate. 
 Perrigo, Edward W. — Seaman, U. S. Naval Base, 
 
 Hampton Roads. 
 Perrin, Woodruff J. — 3d-class Carpenter's Mate, N.R.F. 
 Perry, Charles A. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Perry, George D. — Lieut., Sr. Grade, U. S. S. "Orizaba." 
 Perry, William H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Pesch, Clarence A. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Peters, John J. — 2d-class Y'eoman, N. R. F. 
 Peters, Joseph W. — Ist-class Machinist, U. S. S. "Ryn- 
 
 land." 
 Peters, Reginald A. — U. S. S. "Riene Mercedes." 
 Peterson, Adam F. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate. 
 Peterson, Arthur O. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Wisconsin." 
 Peterson, George A. — 2d-class Seaman. 
 Peterson, Martin J. — Ist-class Lieut., U. S. Naval Base. 
 Peterson, Walter M. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Peterson, William M. — U. S. S. "Conner." 
 Peterson, William M.— 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 Petre, Howard G. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Petri, William P. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Petry, Emil J. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Wisconsin." 
 Retry, Herman F. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Pettis, Earl H.— Gun Pointer, U. S. S. "Vermont." 
 Petz, Jacob H. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Pfeififer, Christ G.— U. S. S. "Minneapolis." 
 
652 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Pfeiflfer, Edwin J.— Chief Yeoman, U. S. Coast Guard. 
 
 Pfeiffer, Frank J. — Ist-class Machinist, Naval Aviation. 
 
 PfeifFer, Frank R. — Cook, Great Lakes. 
 
 Pfeiffer, George J. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Pfeiffer, Henry W. 
 
 Pfeiffer, Howard — Seaman, U. S. S. "Onandaga." 
 
 Pfeiffer, Jacob H.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Pfeil, Peter P. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Kearsarge." 
 
 Pfohl, William — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, Naval Avia- 
 tion. 
 
 Phillips, Joseph G.— 2d-class Cook, U. S. S. "Druid." 
 
 Phillips, Martin G. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Phillips, Maxwell — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Phillips, William — 2d-class Machinist's Apprentice. 
 
 Piall, Walter S.—lst-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 
 Piatrowski, Edward J. — U. S. S. "Aztec." 
 
 Puchocka, Casimer J. — Naval Air Service. 
 
 Pickard, Garland C. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Picken, Dawson W. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Pidgeon, Rexford E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Pierce, William J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Pittaway, Adel B.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Piettukiewicz, Stanley J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Pietz, Harold F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Piggott, Barry H. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 
 Pikulski, Henry E. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Pilichowski, Philip — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Piotrowski, Edward J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Pindor, Franklin — Gunpointer, U. S. S. "Arkansas." 
 
 Pirson, Everett G. — 2d-elass Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 "Rainbow." 
 
 Pistrowski, Berman — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 
 Pitonak, Andrew J. — 2d-class Engineman, U. S. S. 
 "Pennsylvania." 
 
 Plasur, Mathew — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate, 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Plewa, Joseph — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Plumstead, Thomas W.— Lieut., Sr. Grade, LT. S. S. 
 "I./ake Charlotte." 
 
 Plunkett, Clarence E. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Pochylski, Edmund K. — Landsman, for Machinist's 
 Mate, N. R. F. 
 
 Pochylski, Peter — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Pogarzala, William K.— Clerk, N. R. F. 
 
 Polanowski, Alexander — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Polanowski, Felix — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 
 Polchylska, Peter — U. S. S. "Minneapolis." 
 
 Pomplun, Albert W. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. 
 S. "Rynland." 
 
 Pontius, Jacob J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Popp, Arthur H.— Chief Boatswain, U. S. S. "Ken- 
 tucky." 
 
 Poppendeck, Henry C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Posmantur, Charles. 
 
 Potratz, John — Cook, U. S. S. "Yamacrow." 
 
 Powandra, Frank J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Powell, Harold G.— U. S. Coast Guard. 
 
 Powell, Henry W. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Powell, William H. — Ensign. 
 
 Powers, Francis G. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Pawlowski, B. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Frederick." 
 
 Powlowski, John D. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Poxon, Rufus B.— 2d-class Petty Officer, U. S. S. 
 "Tallahasse." 
 
 Poyneer, Julia L. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Pratt, William R.— 2d-class Ship Fitter. 
 
 Pratt, Walter S.— Watertender, U. S. S. "Georgia." 
 
 Pratt, William F.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Pray, James A. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 
 Prentiss, George — Corp., U. S. S. "Cubadist." 
 
 Prescott, Joseph R. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Price, Perry S. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate, 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Prien, Walter F.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Prishel, Earl C. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Prouse, Harold R. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Provoost, William R. — Ensign, Transport Service. 
 
 Pryor, Anderson— W. R. C. K. 
 
 Przybylski, Valentine — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Pudlewski, Leonard E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Pudlewski, Peter P. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Puffpaff, Geo. S.— Shipyard. 
 
 Pundt, Alvin W. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate, 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Pundt, Edward C. — Gunner. 
 
 Purcell, Charles S. — 2d-class Seaman. 
 
 Purdy, Harold A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Purvis, Albert R. — Blacksmith. 
 
 Pyke, Ralph A.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Quant, Harold V. — Ist-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Aeolus." 
 
 Quant, Warren B. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Quinlan, Mary M. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Quinn, Arthur — Machinist, U. S. S. "Wisconsin." 
 
 Quinn, Daniel J. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 
 Quinn, John J. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Frederick." 
 
 Quinn, John P. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 
 Quinn, John P. — 2d-class Electrician, U. S. S. "Iowa." 
 
 Quinn, Leo T. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Quinn, Thomas J. — Ensign, U. S. S. "Pocahontas." 
 
 Raab, Gladys E.— U. S. Navy, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Rachon, Louis — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Raczka, Anthony C. — Ist-class Fireman, U. S. "Ari- 
 zona." 
 
 Radecki, Edmund S.— 2d-class Yeoman, U. S. S. "Pre- 
 toria." 
 
 Rademacher, Albert J. — Ist-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 
 Rafter, John T.— U. S. S. "Seattle." 
 
 Rail, Charles N. — Seaman, U. S. Merchant Marine. 
 
 Ralph, Walter F.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Rambath, Arthur J. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Ramsdell, Charles M. — Sailor, U. S. Genl. Gorges. 
 
 Ransom, Orel J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 
 Rapp, Edwin F. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 
 Rapp, Robert C— Fireman, U. S. S. "Palmer." 
 
 Rasmus, Joseph — Seaman, U. S. S. "Lake Traverse." 
 
 Ratajczak, John — U. S. S. "Gushing." 
 
 Rathke, William H. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Rathkoe, Edwin G. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Ratuszny, Walter R. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
U. S. Navy 
 
 653 
 
 Ratz, Gordon L. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 
 Raub, Norman W. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Ray, John C. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a), 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Raymond, Albert C— Chief Petty Officer, U. S. S. 
 "Norlina." 
 
 Raymond, Jack E. — Ist-class Machinist, U. S. S. "Le- 
 viathan." 
 
 Raymond, M. T.— Lieut., Junior Grade, N. R. F. 
 
 Read, Willett DeE. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a). 
 
 Readl, Joseph E. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Reagan, Edward M. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. 
 "America." 
 
 Reagan, Francis J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Reagen, John F. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Reahr, Clarence W. — Rifleman, Naval Rifle Range. 
 
 Reavey, Daniel P. — Chief Petty Officer, Naval Aviation. 
 
 Redmond, Leo E. — Cook, U. S. S. "Algonquin." 
 
 Reed, George L. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Reed, Nelson McK. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 
 Reeder, Frank G.— Seaman, S. O. C. 
 
 Reese, Chas. F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Reeser, Maxwell B. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Reger, Frank X. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Reich, Joseph — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Reidy, Geo. B.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Reid, Joseph D. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Rehbaum, Fred S. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Reich, Joseph — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Indian- 
 apolis." 
 
 Reidel, Gustav E. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Reidy, Ray D. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N. R. F. 
 
 Reilly, Eugene C. — Coxswain, U. S. "Avant." 
 
 Reilly, Frank A. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Reilly, Henry V.— Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 "Von Steuben." 
 
 Reilly, Mortimer J. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Bel- 
 lows." 
 
 Reimann, Edmund P. — 1st Lieut., U. S. S. "Medina." 
 
 Reiman, Edmund W. — Landsman, for Machinist's 
 Mate (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Reiman, George S. — N. R. F. 
 
 Reiman, Hobart A. — Ist-class Hospital Apprentice, 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Reimer, William D. — 2d-class Storekeeper, Gt. Lakes. 
 
 Reimherr, Arthur C. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Reindle, Leander G. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Reinhardt,John A. — Landsman, for Carpentr's Mate (a). 
 
 Reinig, Raymond H. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 
 Reinstra, Nicholas — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 "Wadsworth." 
 
 Reipe, Raymond Theodore — Seaman, U. S. S. "Dale." 
 
 Reis, George — Seaman. 
 
 Reisch, Harry P. — Aerial Observer, U. S. S. " Arkansas." 
 
 Reisner, J. L. — Machinist. 
 
 Reisweber, Harry F.—Rad. Op., U.S. S. "West Indian." 
 
 Rente, Sidney R. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a) 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Repka, Fred W. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Repman, Fred — 2d-class Fireman, U. S. S." Rochester." 
 
 Reter, Walter F. — Seaman. 
 
 Reynolds, Harold E. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Wisconsin." 
 
 Rhodes, F. J.~Ensign, N. R. F. 
 
 Rice, E. R.— Ensign, N. R. F. 
 
 Rice, Ernest A. — 2d-class Seaman. 
 
 Richardson, Milton G. — Comdg. School 2, Naval 
 
 Unit "J." 
 Richardson, Robert E. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Richem, Joseph N. — Coppersmith. 
 Richert, Francis P. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Richmond, George E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Richter, Milton A. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N.R.F. 
 Riciliginias, Joseph — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Rickert, Arthur C. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate(a). 
 Ricotta, John C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Riedel, Chas. V. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a), 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Riegle, Royal J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Rielke, Herbert H. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 Riesdorph, Eugene G. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Riley, James W. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Ritchie, Charles A. — Coxswain. 
 Riter, Walter F. -2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Riter, Milton E.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Roach, Norman J. — Quartermaster, U. S. S. "Los 
 
 Angeles." 
 Roach, Wm. T.- -Chief Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Roberts, Harold C. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Roberts, Harry E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Roberts, James W. — Landsman, for Carpentr's Mate (a). 
 Roberts, John R. — Pvt., Naval Radio School. 
 Robertson, Fred J. — Radio Operator, U. S. S. "Ken- 
 tucky." 
 Robinson, Chas. E. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F. 
 Robinson, Edward W. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Robinson, Wesley C. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 Robson, George L. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 Roche, Joseph M.— Machinist, N. R. F. 
 Rochester, DeLancey — Ensign, Dartmouth Naval Unit. 
 Rodwell, Robert E. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F. 
 Roesch, Albert P. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Rogers, Albert B.— Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. "Lake 
 
 Crescent." 
 Rogers, Anthony J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Rogers, Gardn-^r S. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Rohde, Robe, 1. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Rohde, Robert — Signalman, Hampton Roads, Va. 
 Rohl, Charles P. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Rohnor, John F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Roll, William F.— 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 Rollek, Joseph P. — 3d-class Gunner's Mate, N. R. F. 
 Rolls, Harry M. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a). 
 Romalewski, Joseph — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Ronald, Sidney C. — Boatswain's Mate, N. R. F. 
 Rooney, James A. — 2d-class Musician. 
 
654 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Rooney, Wm. J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a). 
 
 Root, Leon C. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Root, Lyman R. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Root, Raymond E. — 2d-class Carpenter's Mate, N.R.F. 
 
 Roran, John B. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Geo. Washington." 
 
 Rose, Clark N.— Pvt., Coast Artillery School. 
 
 Rose, George T. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Rose, Roy N. — 2d-class Machinist, U. S. S. "Acobis." 
 
 Rosehart, Matthew A. — Oiler. 
 
 Rosemark, John — Sailor, U. S. S. "St. Louis." 
 
 Rosemark, John J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Rosen, Aaron — Landsman, Great Lakes. 
 
 Rosen, Robert^N. R. F. 
 
 Rosen, Michael — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a). 
 
 Rosenburg, Samuel B. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Rosenkranz, Johnson R.— 2d-class Electrician, N. R. F. 
 
 Rosina, Louis — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N. R. F. 
 
 Ross, Arthur L. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Ross, Henry M. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Roth, Charles— U. S. S. "Indiana." 
 
 Roth, Cornelius — Coppersmith, Submarine Base, New 
 
 London. 
 Roth, Edward H.— Chief Yeoman (a), N. R. F. 
 Roth, Paul A. — Radio Electrician. 
 Rothfuss, George R.— Chief Yeoman, U. S. S. "Triton." 
 Rowe, Gordon — Ensign. 
 
 Rowen, Lester B. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Roy, James E.— Pvt., U. S. Naval Radio. 
 Roy, Percy W. — Ist-class Radio Electrician, L". S. S. 
 
 "Kiowa." 
 Ruben, Jack — Coal Passer Only, Pelham Bay. 
 Ruekert, Frederick — Machinist, N. R. F. 
 Rugg, Chester W. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Rugg, Richard P. — Machinist's Mate, Naval Base 18, 
 
 Scotland. 
 Ruggiero, Neil — Pvt., 3d Naval. 
 Ruhland, Andrew, Jr. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Ruhlman, Ruby M. — Landsman for Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Rumbold, Walter L. — Ist-class Carpenter, Naval Air 
 
 Station. 
 Rummell, Albert A. — Storekeeper, U. S. S. "Leviathan. 
 Runyan, Floyd D.— 2d-class Machinist's Mate, Great 
 
 Lakes, 5th Regiment. 
 Runyan, Lloyd W. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, Naval 
 
 Unit, U. of B. 
 Rush, Earl T.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Rusinski, .John — Watertender, U. S. S. "Kentucky." 
 Russ, Walter L. — Seaman, Harvard Radio School. 
 Russell, Harry G.— Ist-class Petty Officer, U. S. S. 
 
 "Chicago." 
 Russell, W. P.— Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Kansas." 
 Ruth, George F. — 2d-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Iowa." 
 Ruth, Raymond J. — 2d-class Seaman Navy Rifle 
 
 Range. 
 Rutherford, James H. — Ist-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Rutkowski, Frank — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Rutkowski, Stanley — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Ryan, D. Vincent — 3d-class Pharmacist's Mate. 
 Ryan, John J. — Sailor, U. S. S. "Apache." 
 Ryan, Robert N. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Ryan, Thomas M. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Rzepka, Joseph — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Rzeski, John W.— 2d-class Petty Officer, U. S. S. 
 
 "Pueblo." 
 Sabatino, Joel A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Sabue, Carl L. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Salarski, Walter J. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, N.R.F. 
 Salelski, Fred W'.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Salemi, Berny — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Sander, Joseph H. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Sanders, Howard F. — Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Sandero, Jacob C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Sandey, Stanislaus G. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Sandford, Walter M. — Ist-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Sapowitch, Morris — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R.F. 
 Sapowitch, Samuel — 2d-class Quartermaster, N. R. F. 
 Sargent, Frederick E. — 2d-class Electrician, Radio 
 
 Operator. 
 Sasten, George N. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 Sauer, Arthur J. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a). 
 Sauer, Edward J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Sauer, Herbert C. — Seaman, U. S. S. "South Haven." 
 Saunders, Cecil C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Saunders, John W. — Ist-class Yeoman, U. S. S. "Los 
 
 Angeles." 
 Sauriello, Vincent A. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 Sauter, Aloysius — Pvt., 7th U. S. Coast Guards. 
 Savage, George C. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Saval, Andrew T. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Savasta, Joseph — Quartermaster, 2d U.S. Coast Guards. 
 Saward, Ernest F. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Rhode 
 
 Island" and "Aeolus." 
 Sawdye, Joseph A.— Petty Officer, U. S. S. "North 
 
 Carolina." Injured. 
 Sawers, George A. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 Scahill, Bernard A. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Scaha, Anthony E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Scanlor, Raymond D. — Chief Carpenter's Mate, U. S. 
 
 Naval Air Service. 
 Scarlett, Charles O.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Schaab, Edward L.— Cook, U. S. S. "Zeeland." 
 Schaab, Lawrence H. — Landsman, for Machinist's 
 
 Mate (a), N. R. F. 
 Schaal, Frederick V. — Landsman, for Electrician, N .R.F. 
 Schaack, Cyril E.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Schack, William— 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 Schaab, William A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Schacht, Adolph G. — Landsman, for Electrician . 
 Schad, George F. — Coxswain. 
 Schaefer, Albert A.— 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 Schaefer, Anthony F.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Schaefer, George F.— Fireman, U. S. S. "City of South 
 
 Haven." 
 Schaefer, Harry— Landsman, for Quartermaster (a). 
 Schaefer, Karl G. — Instructor, Naval Air Craft. 
 Schaefer, Robert — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Schaefer, Simon — Ist-class Fireman. 
 Schaeffer, Eugene T. — Ist-class Carpenter's Mate, Pel- 
 ham. 
 Schaeffer, Franklin P. — Apprentice, Hospital Corps, 
 
 Newport, R. I. 
 
U. S. Navy 
 
 655 
 
 Schafer, Rollen H.— Pvt., U. S. S. "New Jersey." 
 Schaff, Anthony C. — 3d-class Fireman, Receiving at 
 
 New York. 
 Schalk, Wm. — 3d-class Fireman, U. S. S."Pocahontus." 
 Schaner, Christopher A. — Landsman, for E. G. 
 Sehank, Clarence — Seaman, 5th Co., Naval 15th. 
 Schank, Dudley E. — Ist-class Yeoman, 29th Co. 
 Sehank, Elmer F.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Schank, Frederick E. — Ist-class Seaman, Naval Prov- 
 ing Grounds. 
 Schaertel, Raymond C. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. 
 
 "Vestal." 
 Schaertel, Walter M.— Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. 
 
 "Melville." 
 Schaeztel. Walter M. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Schaeztel, Raymond C. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Schattke, William J.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Schauf, Frank P. — Chief Gunner, Lake Gakama, Car- 
 diff, Wales. 
 Schebrowski, Albert J. — Cook, U. S. Submarine Chaser 
 
 202. 
 Scheldt, Albert — Fireman, U. S. S. "Alabama." 
 Scheibel, E. B.— Carpenter, N. R. F. 
 Scheiner, Alvin F. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a\ N. R. F. 
 Schell, Robert W.— 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N. R. F. 
 Schenkelberger, C. G.— Seaman. 
 
 Scheu, Walter J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Scheublein, Henry A. — Boatswain, "Louisiana." 
 Schenkelberger, Clarence — Seaman, Co. I, U. S. Coast 
 
 Guards. 
 Scherbautt, Charles M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Scherer, Frank P. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Scherer, Granville A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Scherer, Robert H.— Warrant Officer, U. S. S. "Texas." 
 Scherer, R. H. — Gunner. 
 
 Scherer, William J. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Gushing." 
 Schibrowski, Albert J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Schiedle, Michael C— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 SchifTer, Edward O. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Schiffer, Jacob — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, oth Co., 
 
 15th Regt. 
 Schilke, August — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Schilling, Nicholas A. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Schlager, Joseph — U. S. S. "Bruce." 
 Schlageter, John W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Schlattman, Lee C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Schleidt, Edward McN.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Schlender, Everett J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. 
 
 R. F. 
 Schlender, Joseph H. — Watertender, U. S. S. "Aphi- 
 
 trite." 
 Schlieder, Harley J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 SchHfke, Arthur P. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a) 
 Schlifke, Francis C. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Schloerb, George W. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Schloerb, Herman G. — 3d-class Yeoman, 6th U. S., 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Schlup, Edward R. — Landsman, for Yeoman, Naval 
 
 Training Station, Newport, R. L 
 Schmelewski, Edw. S. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Schmid, John F. — 2d-class Gunner. 
 
 Schmid, Philip — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Schmidhauser, Alfred — 2d-class Cook, U. S. Coast 
 Guard. 
 
 Schmidler, John E. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Schmidlin, John E. — 2d-class Seaman, Cape May, N. J. 
 
 Schmidt, Albert J. — Chief Machinist, Naval A\nation. 
 
 Schmidt, Alexander H. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 10th Co., 12th Regt. 
 
 Schmidt, Charles C— 6th Co., 7th Regt. 
 
 Schmidt, Edward C.~2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Schmidt, Emil C. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Schmidt, Edwin C. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Schmidt, F. F.— Pay Clerk, N. R. F. 
 
 Schmidt, Henry J. — Seaman. 
 
 Schmidt, John R. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Schmidt, Edward— U. S. S. "Texas." 
 
 Schmidt, Walter H. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Schmischki, Frederick W. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Schmitt, George A. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Wilmette." 
 
 Schmitt, Henry — U. S. Navy, Operating Base Elec- 
 trical School. 
 
 Schmitt, John R.— Sailor, 46th Co., 12th Regt. 
 
 Schmitt, Louis J. — Ist-class Operating Hospital Ap- 
 prentice, U. S. Naval Hospital. 
 
 Schneggenberger, Walter A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Schneggenburger, Frank — Chief Petty Officer, Naval 
 Base 27. 
 
 Schneggenbruger, Henry B. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Schneider, Edward — Machinist's Mate, U. S. Naval 
 Air Station. 
 
 Schneider, Elmer N. — Seaman, U. S. Navy Base 29. 
 
 Schneider, Henry N. — Radio Operator, U. S. S. "Nan- 
 tasket." 
 
 Schneider, Howard O. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 
 Schneider, Henry N. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F. 
 
 Schneider, Nicholas W. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Schnorr, Joseph — 139th Co., Naval Station. 
 
 Schoat, Charles G. — 2d-class Fireman. 
 
 Schoembs, Elmer G. — Machinist, Canandaigua Naval 
 Base 18. 
 
 Schoen, Adolf E. — Charleston Navy Yards, S. C, 
 U. S. S. "Roe." 
 
 Schoen, Carl J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Schoenborn, Clarence — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, 
 Sub-chaser 50. 
 
 Schoenborn, Henry E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Schoenfeld, Richard J. — Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 "Constance." 
 
 Schoening, William — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Schoettle, Charles J.— Warrant Officer, U. S. S. "Cald- 
 well." 
 
 Schohn, Eugene C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Schoorm, Louis, Jr. — 3d-class Ship's Cook, N. R. F. 
 
 Schopf, Homer G. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Schott, Edward H.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Schottke, Albert C— 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Schrader, Harry— N. R. F. 
 
 Schrader, James W. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Delphi." 
 
 Schreiber, Charles A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
656 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Schremb, William — Seaman, "Madawacka." 
 
 Schrier, John W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Schroeder, Arthur — Ist-class Seaman, Co. B, 4th Regt., 
 
 Schubert, Frank — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Schubert, William J. — Ist-class Petty Officer, Naval 
 Aviation. 
 
 Schueler, Andrew J. — 2d-class Fireman, U. S. S. "How- 
 ick Hall." 
 
 Schueler, John J. — Ist-class Quartermaster (a), U. S. 
 Naval Aviation. 
 
 Schuler, George J. — 2d-class Coppersmith, 48th Bat- 
 talion, 12th Regiment. 
 
 Schuler, John H. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Newport 
 News." 
 
 Schuler, Mary F. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Schug, Anthony — Co. J, U. S. S. "Nebraska." 
 
 Schulmeyer, Anthony — U. S. S. "Sigourney." 
 
 Schulte, Albert W.- Co. J, Navy, Pelham Bay. 
 
 Schultz, Barney— Gun Pointer, U. S. S. "C. T. Am- 
 phlon." 
 
 Schultz, Chester C. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Schultz, Edward P. — Seaman, Mine plant Barracks. 
 
 Schultz, Edward W. — Landsman, for Carpntr's Mate (a), 
 
 Schultz, Fred J. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, League 
 Island Navy Yard. 
 
 Schultz, Harry R. — Fireman, Lake Ennis Engineer. 
 
 Schultz, Joseph — Ist-class Seaman, Pelham Bay Station. 
 
 Schultz, Max E. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Downes." 
 
 Schultz, William— 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Ken- 
 tucky." 
 
 Schumacher, Aurelius H. — Machinist's Mate, Engineer, 
 U. S. Naval Aviation. 
 
 Schumke, John L. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N.R.F. 
 
 Schunk, George F. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Schurr, David F. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Schuster, Louis J.— Petty Officer, Co. N, 15th Regt. 
 
 Schusterbauer, Robert J. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 
 Schuter, John H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Schutrum, Victor H. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. 
 Naval Aviation. 
 
 Schutrum, Walter A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Schwanekamp, Raymond J. — Ist-class Wireless Oper- 
 ator, U. S. S. "Pocahontas." 
 
 Schwartz, Elmer J. — 2d-class Pvt., Pelham Bay." 
 
 Schwartz, Geoige G. — Ist-class Storekeeper, N. R. F. 
 
 Schwartz, Harold P. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Schwartz, Henry J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F. 
 
 Schwartz, John F. — 2d-class Ship's Cook. 
 
 Schwartz, Leo M. E. — 2d-class Quartermaster, U. S. 
 Naval Aviation Base. 
 
 Schwartz, Oscar J. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 
 Schwartz, Robert C. — 3d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Schwarzenholzer, Chas. G. — Coxswain, U. S. S. "Mt. 
 Vernon." Torpedoed and sunk September 5, 1918. 
 
 Schweizer, Charles A. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 U. S. S. "Kearsarge." 
 
 Schworm, Louis — Machinist's Mate, U.S.S. "Oswego." 
 
 Sciandra, Charles — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Scinta, Joseph — Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Scocchera, Michael S. — 3d-class Carpenter's Mate, N. 
 R. F. 
 
 Scotch, Angelo J. — Pvt., Coast Guards. 
 
 Scott, James L. — Lieut., Lake Duncan. 
 
 Scott, Marvin D. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice,N.R.F 
 
 Scribner, Conklin W. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Mount Ver- 
 non." 
 
 Scull, Alfred B.— Ensign. 
 
 Searles, Edward E. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 
 Searles, John H. — 2d-class Fireman, 544th Regt. 
 
 Sears, Carlton A. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Seburn, Lloyd — Naval Training Camp. 
 
 See, William R. — Carpenter's Mate, Navy Base 19. 
 
 Seegar, Arthur F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Seemann, Arthur H. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Calu- 
 met." 
 
 Seemann, Fred W. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. Navy 
 Rifle Range. 
 
 Segel, Louis — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N. R. F. 
 
 Seibel, William H. J.— Shipwright. 
 
 Seibert, Joseph — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Seibert, William A. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Seigrist, William J. — Landsman, for Ship's Cook. 
 
 Seiller, H. A.— Lieut., U. S. 
 
 Seitz, Harold C— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Selee, Edward C. — 2d-class Yeoman, U. S. S. "Seattle." 
 
 Seles, Edward C. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Selleck, Melville C— Lieut., U. S. S. "WiOiam Ison." 
 
 Semram, Robert B. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Mon- 
 golia." 
 
 Senf, Harold E. — 3d-class Fireman, U.S.S." Zeelandia." 
 
 Sensen, Daniel W. — Naval Aviation, U. S. S. "Carola." 
 
 Serio, Thomas S. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 
 Serra, Carl — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Service, William P. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 
 Shader, Charles E. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 
 Shafer, James H. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Shawmut." 
 
 Shanahan, Augustin J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Shanahan, John J., Jr. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. Naval 
 Rifle Range. 
 
 Shank, Dudley E. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 
 Shannon, John L. — Great Lakes Training School. 
 
 Shapiro, HjTnan — Great Lakes Station. 
 
 Shapley, John M. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 
 Sharp, John L. — Chief Storekeeper, N. R. F. 
 
 Sharpe, Arthur T. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 
 Shay, Bert — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 
 Shay, Frederick R. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, 
 Naval Training Station. 
 
 Shear, Norman W. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Shearer, Arthur C. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Mercury." 
 
 Shearer, Ralph H. — Seaman, Coast Guards 5. 
 
 Sheehan, Joseph V. — 2d Engineer, U. S. S. "Penguin." 
 
 Sheehan, Robert F. — Commander, U. S. S. "San 
 Diego." 
 
 Sheldon, Carew— 2d-class Electrician, U. S. S. "C-336." 
 
 Sheltz, Francis H. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a). 
 
 Shepard, Alan A. — Ist-class Petty Officer, Pelham Bay, 
 Naval Training Station. 
 
 Shepard, Clarence J. — Newport, R. I. 
 
 Shephard, Clares F. — U. S. S. "Oregonian." 
 
 Sherman, Russell W. — Fireman, 2d Co., Coast Guards. 
 
U. S. Navy 
 
 657 
 
 Shields, William J.— Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Shill, Sidney C. — Pharmacist, U. S. S. "Pennsylvania." 
 
 Shinholser, William T. — Landsman, for Machinist's 
 
 Mate fa), N. R. F. 
 Shock, Matthew — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 Shockley, Karl C— 3d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Shoiver, Joseph R.— Lieut., A. S. S. C. 
 Shubert, William J. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a). 
 Shuder, Jacob F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Shultis, Fred H. — Landsman, for Yeoman. 
 Shultz, Edward P.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Sidway, Ralph H. — Chief Quartermaster, Naval Avia- 
 tion. 
 Siebe, Griffith E.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Signei, Irving J. — Sgt., Ship Repair Unit No. L 
 Sigrist, Albert C. — Coxswain, Federal Rendezvous. 
 Sigrist, Elmer — 3d-class Quartermaster, U. S. S. "Am- 
 
 phituts." 
 Silverberg, Edwin F. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Padu- 
 
 cat." 
 Simbeck, Edmund H. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Siminski, George — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Simmonds, Reginald W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Simon, Charles J.— U. S. S. "Schley." 
 Simon, Frank V. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Carola." 
 Simon, Ross C. — 2d-class Machinist, U. S. S. "Mt. 
 
 VeTTion." 
 Simon, Walter — Pvt., Radio Detachment. 
 Simon, Harold D. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Sinclair, Arthur J. — Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Sindzinski, Joseph C. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Sippel, Raymond G. — Petty Officer, Naval Air Service. 
 Sisti, Daniel J. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 Siudzinski, Joseph C. — 2d-class Engineman, U. S. S. 
 
 " Jarvis." 
 Size, Frank M. — Landsman, for Quartermaster, (a). 
 Skalski, Joseph L — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Skelly, Lawrence J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Skimmer, Edward F.— U. S. S. "Kentucky." 
 Slocum, George E. — Ist-class Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Slocum, Robert — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Fanning." 
 Slocum, Robert A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Slominski, Edward F. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate (a), 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Slo.sberg, Bertram H. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Slowinski, Stephen J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Smalian, Charles L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Small, Edward — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N. R. F. 
 Small, William — Watertender. 
 Small, Percy E.— 7th Co., U. S. Coast Guards. 
 Smering, Normal F. — U. S. S. " Mariana." 
 Smieszny, Leo F. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Smith, Albert D.— Chief Boatswain, U. S. S. "Virginia." 
 Smith, Alfred J.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Smith, Carl H. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 Smith, Charles C— Chief Watertender, U. S. S. 
 
 "Champlin." 
 Smith, Charles A. — Electrician, U. S. Naval Training 
 
 Station. 
 Smith, Chester H.— 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N.R.F. 
 Smith, Chester J. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Fahning." 
 
 Smith, Clarence H. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Agamemnon." 
 Smith, Claud M. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Beau- 
 iort." 
 
 Smith, Donald— U. S. N. R. F. 
 
 Smith, Earl C— U. S. S. "Powhatan." 
 
 Smith, Edward J. — U. S. S. "Conesus." 
 
 Smith, Edward W.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Smith, Edwin L. — Engineman, U. S. S. "Oregon." 
 
 Smith, Fennel — Yeoman, U. S. S. "Black Hawk." 
 
 Smith, Ellen F. — Yeoman, Buffalo Recruiting Office. 
 
 Smith, George C. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 
 Smith, George E. — U. S. S. "Arkansas." 
 
 Smith, George F., Jr. — 2d-elass Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Smith, George G. — Naval Cadet School. 
 
 Smith, George G. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Smith, Harry C, Jr.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Smith, Harold F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Smith, Harold H. — Machinist, U. S. Navy Aviation. 
 
 Smith, Henry E. — Coxswain, Co. B, Great Lakes Naval 
 Training Station. 
 
 Smith, Herbert R. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Smith, Howard — Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Smith, James L — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 
 Smith, James S. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Smith, John C. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Smith, John J.— U. S. C. G., 4th Co., U. S. S. "Calu- 
 met." 
 
 Smith, Joseph F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Smith, Joseph F. — Seaman, Air Station, Brest. 
 
 Smith, Lathrop P. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Smith, Leon D. — 2d-class Ship Fitter. 
 
 Smith, L. Milton — Landsman, for Electrician, Radio 
 Service, U. S. S. "Castalia." 
 
 Smith, Nicholas J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Smith, Olive E. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Smith, Otto R.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Smith, Raymond 0. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 
 Smith, Stanley E.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Smith, Walter H.— Naval Mail Clerk, U. S. S. "Wiscon- 
 sin." 
 
 Smoker, Frank D., Jr. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Smyczynski, Jos. S. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Snyder, Floyd J. — Landsman, for Radio, N. R. F. 
 
 Sobkowiak, Frank E.— U. S. S. "Carolina." 
 
 Sode, Norman T. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Sokody, Stephen — Quartermaster, U. S. S. "Texas." 
 
 Sokolowski, John R. — U. S. S. "Tuscarora." 
 
 Solorski, Walter J. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Mada- 
 waska." 
 
 Solootta, W' illiam — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Sommers, Thomas J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Soukup, Fred J. — Ist-class Seaman, Co. B, 22d. 
 
 Soule, Franklin J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Southall, Arthur M. — Chief Yeoman, Naval M. L. 
 
 Spadinger, Jerome F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Spalding, Ira D. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a). 
 
 Spangenthal, Edwin B. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 
 Spann, C. Jr. — Machinist's Mate, U. S. "Virginia." 
 
 Spaulding, Burdell — Naval Aviation. 
 
 Spaulding, Harlan A. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 N. R. F. 
 
658 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Spawton, Nelson J. — Seaman, Co. B, 5th Regiment. 
 Spear, Ray W.— N. R. F. 
 
 Specyal, Albert W. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Calumet." 
 Spencer, Edward J. — 3d-class Fireman, Navy. 
 Spencer, Frank H. — Apprentice Seaman, Navy. 
 Spies, Edmund A. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a). 
 Spingler, Arthur F.~Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Maine." 
 Spizzirri, Charles A. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Sprickman, Louis W. — Ist-class Boatswain's Mate. 
 Sredrinski, John — Coxswain, U. S. S. "Chester." 
 Sredrinski, Ladislaus — 3d Officer, Navy, U. S. S. "West 
 
 Arrow." 
 Stachowiak, Stanley — Apprentice Seaman, Naval 
 
 Reserve. 
 Stafford, J. — 3d-class Carpenter's Mate, U. S. Navy 
 
 Air Service. 
 Stairitski, J. F. — Gunner. 
 
 Staley, Harry— Ist-class Oiler, U. S. S. "Plattsburg." 
 Stanbro, Gordon C. — 2d-class Seaman, Radio Div., 
 
 U. S. S. "Arkansas." 
 Stanke, Charles— K-2. 
 
 Stankowski, Edmund J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Stapleton, Raymond G. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Stark, Walter — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Stasio, Anthony — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a). 
 Stearns, Carl L., Jr. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Stearns, Clark D. — Commander. 
 Steele, Hanford J.— Steward, U. S. S. "Dingley." 
 Stefanski, Bronislaus — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Stefanski, Brownie — U. S. S. "McKee." 
 Steflfens, Milton W.— 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Con- 
 stellation." 
 Stehlin, Arthur L. — Seaman, Co. A, Naval, 5th Regt. 
 Stigerwald, Howard H. — Pvt., U. S. Naval Air Station. 
 Steinbach, J. J. — Ist-class Machinist, Submarine. 
 Steinmiller, John C. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a). 
 Stellrecht, Carl J. — 2d-class Electrician, U. S. "Housa- 
 
 tonic." 
 Stelter, Stephen — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Stemplewski, John W. — 2d-class Seaman. 
 Stenclik, John F. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Stephan, Willard — Ist-class Quartermaster, U. S. Naval 
 
 Aviation. 
 Stephen, Harry V. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Mt. Vernon." 
 
 Torpedoed and sunk September 15, 1918. 
 Steve, Edward J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Stevens, Avery T. 
 
 Stevens, Earl H. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 Stevens, Merritt G. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 Stewart, Chester C. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Stewart, Charles H.— Ist-class Petty Officer, U. S. S. 
 
 "New York." 
 Stewart, Melvin C. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R.F 
 Stewart, Stirling P. — Nautical, Newport. 
 Stiegman, Oscar E. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N.R.F. 
 Stievater, Leonard F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Stierly, John P. — 3d-class Carpenter's Mate, N. R. F. 
 Stiker, Clement F. — Ist-class Carpenter's Mate, Pensa- 
 
 cola, Fla. 
 
 Still, Hobart T. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a), 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Stinchomb, Frank E.— Lieut., U. S. S. "Salem." 
 Stokes, Hugh W. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Storer, Olive F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Storm, John, Jr. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Storrer, Roy Jacob — 2d-class Fireman. 
 Storer, Fred J. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N. R. F. 
 Springier, Arthur F. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Stoijny, Bronislaus F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Stoner, Bryan D. — Seaman, Hudson. 
 Stouten, John B. — 2d-class Quartermaster, U. S. S. 
 
 "Hildegarde." 
 Straesner, Fred J. — U. S. S. "Iowa." Injured on ship 
 
 November 9, 1918. 
 Strasser, Charles H. 
 
 Stressinger, Earl L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Striegel, Raymond J. — Ist-class Hos. App. N. R. F. 
 Striker, Hewitt E. — 2d-class Quartermaster, U. S. 
 
 Naval Aviation. 
 Stuichomb, Frank — Ist-class Gunner's Mate. 
 Stull, F. Edward— A. S. M. M. A., Co. C, N. R. F. 
 Stroman, Allen G. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Strong, Frank J. — Landsman, for L. M. (a). 
 Stroziwski, Felix — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Strunk, Carl J. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Sturm, Clarence E. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Sturm, Fred J. — Landsman, for Ship's Cook, N. R. F. 
 Sturner, John C. — Machinist's Mate, N. R. F. 
 Stutz, Arthur William — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Stygall, James H. — 1st Lieut., U. S. Medical Reserve. 
 Suchowski, Walter — Coal Passer Only. 
 Suckow, Harvey H. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a). Naval Aviation. 
 Sugg, Edwin H. G.— U. S. Naval Air Station. 
 Suidzinski, Joseph C. — U. S. S. "Jarvis." 
 Sulik, Edwin J.— U. S. S. "Iowa." 
 Sullivan, Donald F.— Chief Boatswain's Mate, N. R. F. 
 Sullivan, Edward J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Sullivan, Frank J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Sullivan, Frank W. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 Sullivan, James E. — 2d-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Ohio." 
 Sullivan, James F. — U. S. S. "Minnesota." 
 Sullivan, John P., Jr. — Corpsman, Great Lakes Station 
 
 Hospital. 
 Sullivan, Michael T.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Summer, Clarence W. — Landsman, for Q'rtermaster (a). 
 Sunblom, John A. — Boatswain, U. S. S. "Siboney." 
 Sutcliffe, Thomas D. — 2d-class Fireman. 
 Sutherland, Charles J.— Chief Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Sutton, Charles W. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Princess 
 
 Mataeka." 
 Sutton, Hoover C. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), Great Lakes Station. 
 Swallow, Irving H. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 Swan, Edward J. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Maine." 
 Swan, Raymond B. — Observer, Naval Aviation. 
 Swan, Raymond W. — Landsman,'for Mach. Mate (a). 
 Swannie, George W. — Ist-class Yeoman, Transport 
 
 "Mobile." 
 
U. S. Navy 
 
 659 
 
 Sweeney, Daniel J. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Henley." 
 Sweeney, Daniel J. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Sweeney. John J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Sweet, Ralph M. — Ist-elass Petty Officer, Transport. 
 Sw.erdlafT, Max M. — Petty Officer, Navy, Engineer 
 
 Corps, Mechanic, Unit 5. 
 Swyers, George A. — 2d-class Fireman. 
 Synorack, Leon — Chief Gunner, U. S. S. "Rainbow." 
 Synoracki, Leo — Coxswain. 
 Syskiewicz, Frank J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Szafranski, Casimir J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Szapowski, Michael H. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Szaroleta, -John — Coal Passer Only, U. S. S. "Mohican." 
 Szat, Anthony M. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Szczepanski, Bernard — 2d-class Fireman. 
 Szczepanski, Leon — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Szczypior, William — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Szezpiorski, John — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Szkudlarek, Michael — Coal Passer. 
 Szmania, Joseph — Chief Machinist. 
 Szmania, Walter— U. S. S. "Newton"— N. T. 0. S. 
 Szniania, Joseph B. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Szramkowski, Joseph — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Szwsrc, Frank J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Szyminski, Andrew J. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Taft, Fred M.— 2d-class Fireman, U. S. S." Mayflower." 
 Tafter, John T. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Tagliarin, Peter— Sailor, S. M. S. "Verilus." 
 Talbot, Russell G.— Seaman, U. S. S. "Mt. Vernon." 
 Tangelder, Leonard — Ist-class Gunner's Mate, U. S. 
 
 Navy Air Service, Great Lakes, 111. 
 Tanner, Donald C— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Tarano, Thomas J. — Landsman, for Quartermaster. 
 Tarbox, Lear B. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Tarnowski, Aloysius G. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Taschenberg, Clarence — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Tauriello, Vincent A. — 3d-class Pharmacist, U. S. Naval 
 
 Hospital. 
 Taurielo, Joseph M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Taylor, Fred A. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Taylor, Frederick M. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Taylor, Richard W.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Taylor, William McK. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Teach, J. H.— Lieut., Junior Grade, N. R. F. 
 Temple, Curtis L. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, N. R. F. 
 Tenjost, William P. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Terhorst, John T.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Terry, John S.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Testa, J. C. — Seaman. 
 
 Testa, Samuel G. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Thaler, Leo C— 2d-class Machinist's Mate, N. R. F. 
 Theisen, Herbert M. — Seaman, U. S. S. "President." 
 Thieman, Roy A.— U. S. S. "Warrington." 
 Thiess, Clarence G. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Thomas, John V. — Warrant Officer, U. S. S. "Chicago." 
 Thomas, Joseph R. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Thomas, Stephen — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Thomas, Willard T.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Thompson, Charles — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Thompson, Mark C— Watertender, U. S. S. "Liberty." 
 
 Thompson, Randolph H. — Gunner, U.S.S. "Beaufort." 
 Thompson, Robert C. — Hospital Apprentice, U. S. N. 
 
 Hospital, Newport, R. L 
 Thomson, James — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. N. Air Serv. 
 Thuman, Joseph J. — Chief Yeoman. 
 Tice, Lawson M. — Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. "Black 
 
 Hawk." 
 Tick, Leonard H.— Section Chief, N. R. F. 
 Tiebe, Griffith E.— Tailor, U. S. S. "Commerce." 
 Tierney, Roy J. — Ist-class Seaman. 
 Tighe, Edmund J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R.F. 
 Tilley, John H.— Seaman, U. S. S. "Taniwha." 
 Tischendorf, Edmund P. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 Tobin, Catherine M. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N.R.F. 
 Tobin, James P. — Chief Machinist's Mate, N. R. F. 
 Todd, Howard J.— Quartermaster, U. S. S. "C-177." 
 Tolfree, H. M. — Assistant Surgeon. 
 Tompkins, Howard — Ist-class Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Tonning, Erling — Shipwright. 
 Toomey, John B.— N. R. F. 
 Torpy, Leon V. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 Towne, Oscar Wm. M. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Townsend, Richard E. 
 
 Townsend, William J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Tracy, Duane B. — Radio Electrician. 
 Tracy, William J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Trierweiler, Joseph — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Treusch, William B. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Troidl, Joseph C. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Tronolone, Caesar — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Trumbull, Ghordis D. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Tubridy, John J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Tucholka, Joseph J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Tucker, Fred W.— 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 " Rochester." 
 Tucker, Henry E. — Landsman, for Ship's Cook, N. R.F. 
 Tugend, E. J. — Ensign. 
 Tullar, Clyde Edward — Shipwright. 
 Tumins, Herbert R. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 Tumins, Herbert R. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 Turner, Duncan — Chief Quartermaster, N. R. F. 
 Turner, Elmer — Quartermaster, U. S. Navy Base 27. 
 Turner, Frederick — 2d-class Quartermaster, U.S.N. A.S. 
 
 Killingholnie, England. 
 Turner, Wilbur J. — Ist-class Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Turner, William P. — 3d-class Electrician Radio, U. S. S. 
 
 "Illinois." 
 TjTell, Martin E. — Ist-class Hospital Apprentice, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Tyrell, Sidney G.— U. S. Guard. 
 Uhlman, Alvin F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Ulewski, Wm. J. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 Ulrich, Carl F. — Ist-class Cook, Newport, R. I. 
 Ulrich, Chas. F. — Lieut. Commander, Commanding 
 
 Navy Recruiting Station. 
 Ulrich, Leonard C. — Ist-class Yeoman, Navy Recruit- 
 ing Service. 
 Ulrich, Louis W. — Ist-class Carpenter's Mate, Naval 
 
 Air Station. 
 
660 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Ulrich, Max A. — Ist-class Petty Officer, Naval Avia'n. 
 
 Utz, Clark E. — Seaman, Great Lakes. 
 
 Vadikin, Geo. W. — Ist-class Hospital Apprentice, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Valley, George — 2d-class Ship Fitter. 
 Van Allen, William — 2d-class Petty Officer, Naval Air 
 
 Service. 
 Van Auken, Raymond — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Van Duzer, Merrill S. — Landsman, for Carpenter's 
 
 Mate (a). 
 Van \neet, Chas. J. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F. 
 Vars, Addison F. — Ensign, U. S. S. "Leviathan." 
 Vastola, Gabriel J. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, U. S. 
 
 S. "Leviathan." 
 Vater, Albert— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Venditto, Dominik — Hoboken. 
 
 Venneman, Harold S. — Carpenter's Mate (a), N. R. F. 
 Ventola, Nicholas — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Vickery, Arthur W. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Sheridan." 
 Vincent, R. W. — Commander. 
 
 Vincent, Viola E. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Vine, George T. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Vitella, Victor— U. S. S. "Indiana." 
 Viur, George — Yeoman, U. S. S. "Commodore." 
 Vogelson, Elmer C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Vogelsong, W. A. — Lieut., Junior Grade. 
 Vogt, Norman H. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Vogt, Paul A. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 Volker, Albert A. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a) 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Von Scheldt, Albert J.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Von Scheldt, Arthur H.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Von Scheidt, Herbert -J.— U. S. S. "Arizona." 
 Von, Vincent — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Von Ritter, Frederick A. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Von Wrycya, Vincent — Ist-class Engineer. 
 Voss, Warren H. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a), 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Voss, Walther H. — 2d-class Seaman, Navy, 9th Batt'n. 
 Vosseler, Olive C. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Vosteen, Boardman E. — Chief Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Vought, Schyler V. P.— Coxswain, U. S. S. "C-89." 
 Vozga, Wenzel — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Waag, Edwin F. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 Wacker, Charles S.— U. S. S. "Constellation." 
 Wacker, Clayton A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Wacker, John M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Waclawak, Frank J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Wade, Harry W. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Wadleigh, George E. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Wagner, Charles J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Wagner, Fred C. — 2d-class Engineer, U. S. S. "Hart- 
 ford." 
 Wagner, Fred E. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Wagner, George — Seaman, U. S. "Hopkins." 
 Wagner, George E. — Coal Passer. 
 Wagner, Henry O. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. Naval Avia. 
 Wagner, Harry C. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Wagner, Norman P. — 2d-class Yeoman, Great Lakes S. 
 Wagner, Peter— Chief Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Chester." 
 
 Injured September, 1918. 
 
 Wagner, Walter — Pvt., U. S. Navy Rifle Range. 
 Wagner, William — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Waites, James J. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Waldow, Charles J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Waldorf, Fred W.— Fireman, U. S. S. "Davis." 
 Walker, Fred C. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Wisconsin." 
 Walker, James R. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Walker, Richard J. — Yeoman, I, Yeoman School. 
 Walkowiak, John F.— Pvt., U. S. Naval Air Station. 
 Wallace, Frank B. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, Naval 
 
 Air Service. 
 Wallace, Fred J.— Ist-class Petty Officer, U. S. S. 
 
 " George Washington." 
 Wallade, William G. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 Wallberg, Frank G. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 Wallens, Marcus — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N.R.F. 
 Walsh, Archibald J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Walsh, Edwin C. — 2d-class Electrician, Naval Training 
 
 Station, Newport, R. I. 
 Walsh, Edward A. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Barnegat." In- 
 jured December 6th. 
 Walsh, Frank J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Walsh, Frank— Petty Officer, U. S. N. R. F. Injured 
 
 November 6, 1918. 
 Walsh, Francis N. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Walsh, John A. — Seaman, Navy Yard, Boston. 
 Walsh, Michael J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), N.R.F. 
 Walsh, Thomas L. — Chief Yeoman, Navy Recruiting 
 
 Station, Buffalo. 
 Walsh, Michael J. — Machinist's Mate, Aviation, Naval 
 
 Training Station, Great Lakes, 111. 
 Walsh, Richard J.— 2d-class Engineer, U. S. S. "Mid- 
 dlesex." 
 Walsh, Stanley— Oiler, U. S. S. " Mercury." 
 Walsh, William B. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Walter, Adam — 2d-class Electrician, U. S. Sub. Base. 
 Walter, Adam — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 Walter, Chester G.— U. S. S. "Missouri." 
 Walter, Frank J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Walter, Joseph — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. Naval Base. 
 Walter, William H.— Electrician, 1010 Naval Base. 
 Walters, Edmund M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Walters, Edwin R.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Walz, Clarence D.— U. S. S. "Parthenia," Sub. L-4. 
 Walz, Joseph — Coxswain, U. S. Coast Guard. 
 Wamsley, Paul — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate (a). 
 Wanda, Wladyslaw — U. S. S. "New Hampshire." 
 Wanda, Walter W. — Apprentice Seaman, Navy. 
 Wander, William M. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Ward, John L. — Machinist, G, 5th Regiment, Great 
 
 Lakes. 
 Warda, Leo — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Wardzinski, John — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Bridgeport." 
 Wardzinski, Michael — Ist-class Gunner's Mate, U. S. 
 
 S. "Aroostook." 
 Wargula, Walter J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
U. S. Navy 
 
 661 
 
 Wark, Robert A. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Wark, Allan B.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Warner, Hadley P. — Radio Operator, U. S. S. "Lake 
 Catherine." 
 
 Wassinger, Joseph W. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Waterbury, Howard V. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Waters, Thomas M. — 2d-class Fireman. 
 
 Watson, John S.— 2d-class Seaman, U. S. N. R. F. 
 
 Watson, Myron J. — Electrician, U. S. S. "Missis- 
 sippi." 
 
 Wattengel, James L. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Watters, Edmund M. — 2d-class Seaman, Isolation Co. 4. 
 
 Wallers, Thomas M. — mine Layer, U. S. S. "Saranac." 
 
 Watts, Ralph— 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 
 Wayman, Richard W. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Webb, H. G.— Ensign, U. S. N. R. F. (Pay Corps). 
 
 Weber, Alfred— 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 
 Weber, Carl W.— 3d-class Pharmacist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 "Scalia." 
 
 Weber, Carl E. — Ist-class Fireman, U. S. S. " Advocet." 
 
 Weber, Edward F. — Seaman. 
 
 Weber, Frank H. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a) 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Weber, Francis X. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Weber, Harry — Carpenter's Mate, U. S. S. "Colfax." 
 
 Weber, Howard L. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Weber, John A. — Watertender, Naval (Reserve) N.R.F. 
 
 Weber, John H.— Chief Petty Off., U. S. S. "Saranac." 
 
 Weber, John V. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Weber, Leon F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Weber, Willie L.— Sailor, U. S. S. "New Mexico." 
 
 Webster, Douglas G. — Seaman, Puget Sound Navy Yd. 
 
 Webster, Richard S. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Wechter, Vincent L.— Radio Operator, U. S. S. "Okla- 
 homa." 
 
 Wedlake, Lee H. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Weed, William J. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 
 Wegener, Louis K. — Ist-class Yeoman, Charleston 
 Navy Yard. 
 
 Wegman, Herman — 2d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 
 Wehner, Leo E.— Seaman, U. S. S. "Mallory." 
 
 Weifenbach, Fred — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 
 Weig, Charles N. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Weinig, Carlyle A. — Chief Quartermaster, N. R. F. 
 
 Weinholtz, Christian J.— Ist-class C. C, U. S. S. "Il- 
 linois." 
 
 Weinsheimer, Arthur E. — Pvt., LT. S. N. Aviation. 
 
 Weinstein, Joseph A. — Yeoman, U. S. S. "Tacoma." 
 
 Weisansal, Anthony I. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Weiser, Carl A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Weiss, Carl L. — Pelham Bay. 
 
 Weiss, John 0.— Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Zeelandia." 
 
 Weiss, Russell L. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Weiss, William E. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Wekeman, Albert J. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Welch, Stuart C— Lieut., U. S. Air Service. 
 
 Welch, Rupert W. — Yeoman, U. S. S. "Minneapolis." 
 Injured January 3, 1917. 
 
 Welch, Sherwood C. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate (a), 
 
 2d Navy Aero Detachment. 
 Welker, Howard C. — 2d-class Quartermaster, N. R. F. 
 Welkner, Charles C. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Weller, Melvin D. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a). 
 Weller, William C. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Wellington, George W.— U. S. S. "Florida." 
 Wellman, William M.— Ist-class Blacksmith, U. S. 
 
 Naval Aviation. 
 Wells, Benjamin F. — Landsman, for Ship's Cook, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Wells, Benjamin— Cook, U. S. S. " De Kalb." 
 Wells, Charles E. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Welsh, Wilson N. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Welsh, Leonard J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 WendHng, Alexander — Oiler, N. R. F. 
 Wensley, William J. — 2d-class Ship Fitter. 
 Werler, Emerick — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 West, Glenn E. — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Westfall, Willard J. — Seaman, Naval Air Station. 
 Westphal, Gustave A. — Landsman, for Cook. 
 Westphal, Leonard F. — Coal Passer. 
 Westmiller, Walter H. — Quartermaster, U. S. S. 
 
 "Manta." 
 Wetby, Frank H. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 Sub-chaser 306. 
 Wetter, Harry J. — 3d-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Kansas." 
 Weydman, Charles B. — Seaman, 3, U. S. Coast Guards. 
 Whalen, Matthew J. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a). 
 Wharton, Theodore — 2d-class Seaman. 
 Wheaton, Richard R. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, 
 
 U. S. S. "Kermoor." 
 Wheeler, Alfred M. — Ist-class Fireman, U. S. S. 
 
 "Acushnet." 
 Wheeler, Chilion F.— Capt., Kelly Field, Texas. 
 Wheeler, Raymond — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Whipple, Arden C. — 2d-class Electrician. 
 White, Alburn C. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 White, Isaac M. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 White, Jerome — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 White, Millard J.~Seaman, U. S. S. " Chenampa." 
 White, Richard C.~Lieut., Junior Grade, N. R. F. 
 White, Thomas H.— Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. "Rain- 
 bow." 
 White, Wilbur S.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Whitehead, Van Loan — Ensign, Naval Aviation. 
 Whitelock, Earl — Landsman, for Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Whitmer, Earl G.— N. R. F. 
 Whittemore, Frank G. — Landsman, for Machinist's 
 
 Mate (a). 
 Whittington, Leon M. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. 
 
 "Gold Shell." 
 Wick, Ralph T. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Wickden, George F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Wickham, William F. — 2d-class Seaman. 
 Wickson, Howard L. — 2d-class Pharmacist's Mate, 
 
 U. S. S. "Mercy." 
 Wickson, Robert M. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice. 
 Widsinski, Adam C. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Gulfport." 
 Widzenski, Julius J. — U. S. S. "Birmingham." 
 Wieczkowski, Michael — Pelham Bay. 
 
662 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Wieebowski, Stanislaus — U. S. S. "Walke." 
 Wieczkowski, Michael F. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Wiggins, Jack — Seaman, Repair Base, Naval Aviation. 
 Wiggins, John P. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Wiggins, Robert N. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Wigle, Elden G. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Wilcock, W. C— Ensign. 
 
 Wilcox, Gordon G. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F. 
 Wilcox, Howard — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Wilcox, Joseph R. — Ist-class Fireman, U. S. S. "Ari- 
 
 zonian." 
 Wild, Cornelius A.— Lieut., Lake Darago, U. S. N. R. F. 
 Wilds, Joseph J.— Petty Officer, U. S. S. "Salem." 
 Wilhelm, Frank— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Wilke, Erwin L. — Ensign. 
 Wilkinson, James E. — U. S. S. "Tuscarora." 
 Willats, Richard H. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 William, Paul — U. S. Mine Sweeping Division, U. S. S. 
 
 " Ripple," Staten Island. 
 Williams, Edward — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F. 
 Williams, Harry P. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 Williams, Homer — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Des 
 
 Moines." 
 Williams, Horace C. — Landsman, for Electrician (R). 
 Williams, Irving W. — Ist-class Engineer, U. S. S. 
 
 "Eastern Queen." 
 Williams, John A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Williams, James G. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), N.R.F. 
 Williams, James B. — 2d-class Fireman. 
 Williams, J. A. — Ensign, U. S. S. Naval Air Force. 
 Willoughby, John H. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Horwick 
 
 Hall." 
 Willson, George A. — Landsman, for Quartermaster (a). 
 Wilson, Arthur E. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Texas." 
 Wilson, Charles T. — Quartermaster, U. S. S. "Susque- 
 hanna." 
 Wilson, Edwin A. — 2d-class Boatswain's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Seminole." 
 Wilson, John P. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 Wilson, John R. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Wilson, Lawrence E. — 2d-class Fireman. 
 Wilson, Leo W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Wilson, Merritt T. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F. 
 Wilson, Robert R. — 2d-class Patternmaker, Submarine 
 
 Base. 
 Wilson, Robert C. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Wilson, Robert E. — Seaman, Guard Co. 
 Wilson, Reuben C. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F. 
 Wilson, William H. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Wilson, William J. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, Naval 
 
 Base 18, Europe. 
 Winter, Daniel C. — 2d-class Seaman, G. Q. A. 
 Winter, Susie D. — Landsman, for Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Winters, Wesley H. — Wireless Operator, U. S. S. 
 
 " Aspenlt." 
 Winzenreid, George J. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Tyson- 
 
 dari." 
 Wipperman, Howard G. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Wisner, Irvin H. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Baltimore." 
 Wisniewski, Edward — Pvt., Torpedo Station No. 29. 
 Wisniewski, Frank — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Wisniewski, John — Seaman, U. S. S. "Ohio." 
 Wisniewski, John W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Wisniewski, Thaddeus — U. S. S. "Maine." 
 Witkowski, Joseph — Fireman, U. S. .S "Zeelandia." 
 Witkowski, Walter — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Witkowski, Walter — Seaman, Great Lakes. 
 Witt, Edward C— Chief Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 Witt, William J. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a), 
 
 Injured December 27, 1918. 
 Witte, Edward B. — Ensign, U. S. Naval Air Forces. 
 Witthenrich, Louis D.— Machinist, U. S. S. "Beaufort." 
 Witowski, Edward S. — Landsman, for Carpenter's 
 
 Mate(a),N. R. F. 
 Wlodkowski, Wm. M. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Woelfle, Michael — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Wojack, Joseph A. — LT. S. S. "Arkansas." 
 Wojciechowski, Leo S. — Apprentice Seaman, U. S. S. 
 
 " Wilhelmina." 
 Wojciechowski, Stanley A. — Apprentice Seaman, U. S. 
 
 S. "Mississippi." 
 Wojciechowski, Stanley W. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R.F. 
 Wojtanik, John F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Wolansky, Ernest B. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 Wolcott, Carlton O. — Landsman, for Electrician, N.R.F. 
 Wolf, Charles J. — Ensign, Great Lakes. 
 Wolf, Philip— Sailor. 
 Wolf, Philip M.— Seaman. 
 Wolf, Samuel — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Wolfe, Elmer W. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Louisville." 
 Wolfert, Millard G. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Wolff, Carl— Seaman. 
 Wolff, Nathan— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Wolinski, Stanley J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Wollenburg, Harold W. — Landsman, for Carpenter's 
 
 Mate (a). 
 Wollmuth, Edward H.— 3d-class Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Wolter, Elmer A.— Ist-class Machinist, U. S. S. " R-1 5." 
 Wonacott, Sam H. — Engineer. 
 Wong, Moon Lin — 3d-class Machinist's Apprentice, 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Wonk, Joseph H.— U. S. S. " Rainbow." 
 Wood, Benj, F. — Seaman. 
 
 Wood, Cedrid W.— Chief Quartermaster (a), N. R. F. 
 Wood, Geo. D.— U. S. S. "Undaunted." Injured July, 
 
 1918. 
 Wood, William C— 3d-class Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Woodbury, Stanley J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Woodcock, William D. — 2d-class Electrician (Rad), 
 
 N. R. F. 
 Woodward, Ralph C. — 3d-class Electrician, N. R. F. 
 Woods, Howard E.— Chief, Sub N-1. 
 Worthington, Thomas S. — Landsman, for Electrician. 
 Wouk, Joseph, Jr. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Wozniak, Michael — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Wright, Alfred W.— Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Wright, Arthur E. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 Wroblewski, Joseph R. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. 
 
 "Georgia." 
 
U. S. Navy 
 
 663 
 
 Wulke, John J.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Wunch, E. W. — Ensign. 
 
 Wurtz, Helen K. — 2d-class Yeoman, N. R. F. 
 
 Wutz, Rudolph J.— Sailor, U. S. S. "Monadnock." 
 
 Wyborski, Joseph D. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Seneca." 
 
 Wyszynski, William — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Yax, Frank H.— 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Yax, Frank H. — 2d-class Seaman, Naval Reserve. 
 
 Yeates, Victor G. — Ist-elass Seaman, U. S. S. Destroyer 
 
 "Worden." 
 Yentzen, William J. — U. S. Naval Air Station. 
 Youknot, Chas. J. — 3d-class Fireman, N. R. F. 
 Young, Frank J. 
 
 Young, Frederick J. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. . 
 Young, George B. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Young, Leo I. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Nicholson." 
 Young, Oliver H. — 2d-class Electrician (g), N. R. F. 
 Young, Ralph A. — Petty Officer, Tuckerton Radio Stn. 
 Young, Theodore H. — U. S. S. "Connecticut." 
 Youngman, Ray A. — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Zamiara, William — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Zannen, Clyde— 2d-class Ship Fitter, N. R. F. 
 Zeh, Charles W. — Fireman. 
 Zeh, Frank J.— Watertender, N. Y. Division, U. S. 
 
 Coast Guard. 
 Zeigler, Thomas — 3d-class Machinist's Mate. 
 Zeis, Raymond M. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate 
 
 (a), N. R. F. 
 Zen, Henry 0. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 Zielewski, Joseph J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 Zielinski, Joseph — Apprentice Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Zientarski, Peter, Ist-class Pvt., 13th Battalion U. S. G. 
 
 Zilliox, Albert L. — 2d-class Hospital Apprentice, N.R.F. 
 
 Zilliox, Raymond — Seaman, U. S. S. " George Wash- 
 ington." 
 
 Zilsberger, Carl — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Zimmer, Henry J. — Chief Machinist's Mate, Naval Air 
 Service. 
 
 Zimmer, Joseph N. — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Sara- 
 nac." 
 
 Zimmerman, Chas. 0. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Zimmerman, Earl G. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Zimmerman, Elmer F. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Zimmerman, Frank — 2d-class Seaman. U.S.S. "Charles- 
 ton." 
 
 Zimmerman, Gerald M. — Landsman, for Electrician, 
 N. R. F. 
 
 Zimmerman, Henry G.— U. S. S. "R-2." 
 
 Zimmerman, John M. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, 
 U.S.S. "Caldwell." 
 
 Zimmerman, Martin — Coxswain, U. S. S. "Oklahoma." 
 
 Zinfels, Michael A. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Zink, Barney A. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Matsonia." 
 
 Zolondkiewski, Bernard — Landsman, for Carpenter's 
 Mate (a). 
 
 Zrakezewski, Andrew J. — Apprentice Seaman. 
 
 Zrenner, Walter F. — 2d-class Seaman, N. R. F. 
 
 Zulawskee, John — Ist-class Fireman. 
 
 Zuraf, John F. — 3d-class Fireman. 
 
 Zwold, Frank R. — Landsman, for Machinist's Mate (a). 
 
 Zynda, Theodore L. — Seaman. 
 
U. S. MARINES 
 
 Abrams, Talbert — Pvt. 
 
 Achter, Hyman. 
 
 Adams, Alfred M. — Trumpeter. 
 
 Adams, Frederick A. 
 
 Adams, Harvey J. 
 
 Ailing, Amil 0. M.— Pvt. 
 
 Allen, Francis. 
 
 Altshauler, Wm. H. 
 
 Ambrose, Joseph A. — Pvt. 
 
 Anderson, Paul B. — Pvt. 
 
 Andrews, Stephen. 
 
 Andrus, Howard H. — Pvt. 
 
 Ansel, Edward F.— Pvt. 
 
 Ansel, Paul J.— Pvt. 
 
 Arber, Arthur G. — Pvt., Marine Flying Field. 
 
 Arbury, Ward B.— Pvt., Co. M, 13th U. S. M. 
 
 Archie, Edward J. 
 
 Armstrong, Geo. W. 
 
 Arnholt, Henry L. 
 
 Arnold, William G. 
 
 Ayrault, John, Jr. — Lieut. 
 
 Babcock, Ellis E.— Pvt., Co. G, 11th U. S. M. 
 
 Baetzhlod, Charles L. 
 
 Baird, Leon. 
 
 Baker, Arthur M. — Pvt. 
 
 Baker, Howard E. 
 
 Baker, Walter R. 
 
 Baldwin, Joseph R. — Sgt. 
 
 Croix de Guerre. 8 citations. 
 
 Ball, John C— Pvt., 458th Co. 
 Balme, Howard Charles — Pvt. 
 Bamzar, Michael — Pvt. 
 Banas, Stefan J. 
 Bardwell, William J. 
 Barcsykowski, Frank J. — Pvt. 
 
 Cited for bravery. D. S. C. for extraordinary heroism at Vierzy, 
 France, July 19, 1918, in charging machine guns, killing the 
 crews and turning the guns on the Germans opening a way for his 
 comrades to advance. 
 
 Barlow, George Ross — Pvt. 
 
 Barna, Metro — Pvt. 
 
 Barnes, William A. — Pvt. 
 
 Barr, Charles A.— Sgt., W. 
 
 Barr, Herman F. — Pvt. 
 
 Barr, Lee J. — Pvt. 
 
 Barr, William A. 
 
 Barry, Martin L.— Pvt., Co. T. W October 4, 1918. 
 
 Barth, August P.— Pvt. 
 
 Barthelmes, Arthur J.— Pvt., 422d Co. 
 
 Baughman, Roy O.— Pvt., Co. G, 11th U. S. M. 
 
 Baumer, Joseph — Pensacola Barracks. 
 
 Baynes, Raj^ond T.— Pvt., Co. E, 11th U. S. M. 
 
 Baynes, Redmond W. 
 
 Beardsley, Roger R. 
 
 Beck, Herrold R.— Pvt. 
 
 Becker, Harold R. 
 
 Becker, Joseph S.— Pvt., Co. G, 11th U. S. M. 
 
 Becker, Samuel B. 
 
 Beckman, Chas. F. — Pvt. 
 
 Beckman, Charles F. 
 
 Beers, Richard E. 
 
 Beers, George T. 
 
 Beers, Richard E. — Apprentice, 3d Co. 
 
 Behrens, Gustav H. 
 
 Beilman, Albert J.— Corp., 5th U. S. M. W June 26, 
 
 1918. 
 Bell, Herman R.— Pvt. 
 Bellamy, Bert V.— Pvt. 
 Bellinger, Harold H. 
 Bene, Stephen, Jr. 
 Bennett, Albert C. 
 Bennett, Edward — Pvt. 
 Bennington, Earl — Pvt. 
 Bensley, Dean P. — 1st Sgt. 
 Bentzen, Martin L. 
 Benz, Albert F. 
 Berbach, Sylvester E. 
 
 Bergman, Lester^l8th Co., 5th U.S.M. GW July,1918. 
 Bermeitinger, Leroy C. 
 
 Bessell, William A.— Pvt., Hdqrs Co., 13th U. S. M. 
 Bessinger, Florenz M. 
 Best, Frank A. 
 Bethune, Norman W. 
 Beyer, Chester A. 
 Biddlecomb, Raymond W. 
 Beihunik, Jacob — Pvt., Headquarters Co. 
 Bilskey, August J. — Pvt. 
 Bishop, John. 
 Blake, Roy E. 
 Blake, William. 
 Blake, Walter. 
 
 Bliss, Joseph L.— Sgt., Co. F, 13th U. S. M. 
 Bluhun, Herbert C. 
 Blute, John F. 
 Bonczar, Michael — Pvt. 
 Bondeur, Edward F. — Pvt. 
 Bonsteel, Floyd J. 
 Borczynski, Anthony. 
 Bork, Norman A.— Pvt., 407th Co. 
 Bortl, Norman E. 
 Bosel, George A. 
 Bowes, William V. 
 Boxstahler, George J. 
 Boyner, Raymond Y. 
 Bayle, Howard W. 
 Boyne, WilHam— Corp., 80th Co., 6th U. S. M. G. 
 
 August?, 1918. 
 Boyles, Arthur R. 
 Brachman, Stephen J. — Pvt. 
 Brady, Chester L. — Expert Rifleman. 
 Braun, Robert G. 
 Bremer, William S.— 395th Co. 
 Brenk, Melvin P.— Pvt. 
 Brill, Andrew — Pvt. 
 Britton, Paul W. 
 
U. S. Marines 
 
 665 
 
 Broderiek, Edward J. — Pvt. 
 Brown, Edward L. — Pvt. 
 Brown, Frank A. — Pvt. 
 
 Croix de Guerre for bravery under fire. 
 
 Brown, Harold S.— Pvt., 386th Co. 
 
 Brown, Louis F. — Sgt. 
 
 Brown, Nelson T. 
 
 Brown, Raymond. 
 
 Brown, Robert G. 
 
 Brown, Royal — Pvt. 
 
 Brown, William E. 
 
 Broxup, John— Pvt., 5th U. S. M 
 
 Awarded D. S. C. for extraordinary heroism, St. Etienne, France, 
 October 4th, 1918. 
 
 Brunner, Edward J. 
 
 Brunovsky, Paul. 
 
 Brunswick, Raymond H. — Pvt. 
 
 Brylinski, Joseph— Pvt. WA August 8, 1918. (Died?) 
 
 Buch, JohnC. 
 
 Buchanan, Albert E. — Pvt. 
 
 Burgh, Ernest A. 
 
 Burke, George. 
 
 Burke, Joseph J. — Pvt. 
 
 Burke, Willis E. 
 
 Burke, William F. 
 
 Burkhardt, Wilmer C. 
 
 Burkholtz, John J.— Pvt., 6th U. S. M. 
 
 Won French Croix de Guerre. 
 
 Burno, John — Pvt. 
 
 Burns, John H. — Cook. 
 
 Busch, Geo. F. 
 
 Busch, Joseph F. 
 
 Buth, Ed. G.— 177th Co., 14th U. S. M. 
 
 Calhoun, Arthur B.— Pvt. 
 
 Callanan, George. 
 
 Camp, Borden S. 
 
 Campbell, Charles J. 
 
 Capes, Jean L. 
 
 Carberry, Edw. Wm. 
 
 Cardarella, Marc — Pvt. 
 
 Carlo, John J. 
 
 Carroll, Maurice A. 
 
 Carter, James L. 
 
 Casper, John F. 
 
 Caswell, Gordon T.— Pvt. 
 
 Chambers, George F. 
 
 Chambers, Robert S. — Pvt., 1st Squadron, 1st Marine 
 
 Aviation Corps. 
 Chapion, John G. 
 
 Chase, George B.— Pvt., Co. I, 13th U. S. M. 
 Choinski, Leonard F. 
 Christiansen, Frank D. — Pvt. 
 Ciesielski, Casimir. 
 
 Claps, Anthony T.— Pvt., Co. M, 13th U. S. M. 
 Clark, Herbert T. 
 Clark, Charles T. 
 Clark, Leonard A. 
 Class, Anthony T. 
 Clauss, Duncan E. 
 Clough, Charles L.— Pvt. 
 Cabo, Alfred H. 
 
 Cohen, Reuben — Sgt. 
 
 Coit, Henry H. 
 
 Coit, William Hersee. 
 
 Cole, Arthur H. 
 
 Cole, John J. 
 
 Cole, John M. 
 
 Colmernauer, Maurice. 
 
 Collins, John G. 
 
 Collopy, Christie. 
 
 Comins, George. 
 
 Conalla, Peter A. 
 
 Condon, Arthur J.— Pvt., 6th Reg't, 75th Co. W June 
 
 13, 1918, Bellieu Woods. 
 Received two French citations. 
 
 Conley, Vincent J.— Pvt., 126th Co., 9th U. S. M. 
 
 Conlin, Frank P.— Pvt., 427th Co., Battery Z, M. Bar. 
 
 Conlin, John W.— Pvt. 
 
 Connolly, George E. 
 
 Cook, Elmer L. 
 
 Cook, John M. 
 
 Cook, Thomas A. 
 
 Cornins, George F. — Corp. 
 
 Cort, Henry H.— Pvt. 
 
 Cort, William— Sgt., Headquarters Co., 6th U. S. M. 
 
 Coshway, Charles J. 
 
 Cowan, Joseph G. — Pvt., Co. A. 
 
 Coyer, Raymond F. — Pvt. 
 
 Craine, Paul V. 
 
 Crawford, James H. 
 
 Crommeth, Arthur L. 
 
 Crosby, Ernest S. — Quartermaster Sgt. 
 
 Crum, Martin R. 
 
 Culkowski, John E. — Pvt. 
 
 Cunniffe, Thomas J. — Pvt. 
 
 Curtiss, Henry A. 
 
 Curtiss, Harrison W. 
 
 Czerniak, Joseph W. 
 
 Dahmen, Peter 
 
 Daigler, Alvin J.— Capt., Co. K, 13th U. S. M. 
 
 Dandajcwski, Steve— Corp., 89th Co., 1st U. S. M., 
 
 Naval Station. 
 Daugherty, Dewey J. 
 Daum, Edward R. 
 Day, Arthur N.— Pvt., 79th Co., 6th U. S. M. W June 
 
 28, 1918. 
 Day, Clifford L. 
 Dear, Christopher. 
 
 De Klyn, Wesson W.— Corp., Marine 0. T. C. 
 De Lano, Roy F. 
 
 Dempsey, Joseph— Pvt., 176th Co., 14th Regt., U.[S.M. 
 Dennis, Leroy. 
 Denzel, Joseph P. 
 Desmond, Charles S. 
 De Vine, Walter A. 
 Di Bucci, Antonio. 
 Diebold, Joseph L. 
 Diggins, John P. 
 Diller, Robert T. 
 Divan, Joseph. 
 Ditzel, Shirley M. 
 Doeffinger, Paul G. 
 
666 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Doepp, Eugene G. — Trumpeter, 8th Co., Separate, 
 
 Battery D. 
 Doerfler, John L.— Pvt., 389th Co. 
 Domnick, Carl H. 
 
 Dondajewski, Stanley — Pvt., Marine Guard Detach- 
 ment. W August, 1918. 
 Donohue, James— Pvt., 177th Co., 14th U. S. M. G. 
 July 19, 1918. 
 Donohue, James A. 
 Darey, Jack. 
 Donius, Alvin E. 
 Dorn, Norman. 
 Dostal, Francis B. 
 Dauchmann, John, Jr. 
 Dowd, John A.— Pvt., 74th Co., 6th U. S. M. W 
 
 September, 1918. 
 Doyle, Arthur G. 
 Doyle, James B.— 73d Co., 6th U. S. M. W July 17, 
 
 1918. 
 Doyle, James J. 
 
 Draucker, James H.— Co. E., 11th U. S. 
 Drews, August H. 
 Driller, Robert F.— Pvt., 436th Co. 
 Drumb, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. F. 
 Dudley, Donald J. 
 Dunwoodie, Ross M.— Pvt., Co. S, Battery 291, Paris 
 
 Island, S. C. 
 Dusing, Clarence W. — 6th Co., Marines, P. Q. Battery. 
 Ebel, George, Jr.— Pvt., 76th Co., 6th U. S. M. 
 Edwards, Harry P.— Pvt., 78th Co., 6th U. S. M. 
 Eggert, Peter C. 
 Eggleston, Carl F. 
 Eggert, Peter C. 
 Eisner, Henry. 
 England, Nelson G. 
 Engstrom, Waldorf C— Pvt. 
 Ennis, Harvey — 2d Lieut. 
 Ernst, Albert S. 
 Ernst, Lawrence F. 
 Erwin, Edwin H. 
 Ess, A. J.— Pvt., 418th Co. 
 Eustace, Patrick. 
 Evans, Clifford L. 
 Evans, George T. — Pvt. 
 Evans, Larry F. 
 Exner, Otto. 
 Exner, William P.— Pvt. 
 Fairchild, Stanley S.— Pvt. 
 Falk, William J. 
 Farbach, Richard F. 
 Farrar, Acquilla. 
 Federlein, Frederick J. 
 Fee, Fred J.— Pvt., Co. C. 
 Feifer, Joseph G. 
 
 Feinberg, Wolf— 59th U. S. M. W. 
 Feiner, Peter. 
 Ferguson, Hugh M.— Pvt., 20th Co., 5th U. S. M. 
 
 Reported missing in action, now with regiment in 
 
 Germany. 
 Fetzer, Fred E. 
 Figel, Casemer — Co. A, 1st Training Battery, U. S. M. 
 
 Field, Loren H. 
 
 Finnegan, Harry — Marine Section 74, Royal British 
 Engineers. 
 
 Finnegan, Harold F. — Corp. 
 
 Fischer, John M.— Pvt., Co. T, 402d Battalion. 
 
 Fischer, George E. 
 
 Fisher, James O. 
 
 Fleming, Ernest K. 
 
 Fleischmann, Rupert F. 
 
 Fluck, Leonard E.— Pvt. 
 
 Flynn, Francis J. 
 
 Fogelsonger, Edgar M. — Pvt. 
 
 Foilach, Richland, F. 
 
 Folk, Stephen— Pvt. 
 
 Follick, Stanley E. 
 
 Ford, Frank. 
 
 Fowler, Alvin A. 
 
 Fox, Maurice— Pvt., 97th Co., 6th U. S. M. 
 
 Fraditte, Edward A. 
 
 Frank, Carl Wm., Jr. 
 
 Freeman, Henry T.— Pvt., 121st Co., 9th U. S. M. 
 
 Friedman, Ambrose. 
 
 Fries, Oscar, J. 
 
 Fronczak, Louis — Corp., Marine Flying Field. 
 
 Fronczak, Palagia. 
 
 Fuchs, Frank F.— Pvt. 
 
 Full, Martin W.— Pvt., 214th Co. 
 
 Fullington, Clarence R. — Pvt., (Home address. East 
 Aurora, N. Y.) 
 
 Funk, Benj. J.— Pvt., 1st Co., 89th U. S. M. 
 
 Furey, George S. 
 
 Gaber, Paul F.— Pvt. 
 
 Gadsby, Harry F. 
 
 Galinski, Anthony. 
 
 Galley, Samuel P. 
 
 GalHneah, Harry M. 
 
 Galuski, Anthony— Pvt., 74th Co., 6th U. S. M. W 
 June 6, 1918. 
 
 Gardiner, Paul S.— Pvt., 74th Co., 6th U. S. M. W 
 July, 1918. 
 
 Garlock, Henry I. — Pvt. 
 
 Garney, Walter Lee — Pvt. 
 
 Garno, Harold J. 
 
 Gasper, Edward W. — Pvt. 
 
 Gaspodarski, Alexander— Pvt., 16th U. S. M. W Sep- 
 tember 3, 1918. 
 
 Gedoehn, James L. 
 
 Geiger, Frank F.— Sgt., Co. 95th, 6th U. S. M. W 
 November 1, 1918. 
 
 Cited for bravery. 
 
 Geil, George L. 
 
 Geiss, Frank F. — Pvt. 
 
 Geirechoeviak, Steve. 
 
 Gettlings, William L. 
 
 Gibson, Harold H.— Pvt., 178th Co., 14th U. S. M. 
 
 Giles, Frank. 
 
 Gilvard, Louis. 
 
 Gless, Joseph. 
 
 Glide, Harold C— Pvt., 399th Co. 
 
 Glider, Raymond W.— Pvt., 399th Co. 
 
 Gliss, Henry — Pvt. 
 
U. S. Marines 
 
 667 
 
 Glonowski, Alois. 
 
 Glonowski, Daniel M. 
 
 Glover, Earl M.— Pvt. 
 
 Goar, John M. 
 
 Goeman, Soloman. 
 
 Goerss, Elmer G. 
 
 Goerss, Herbert A. 
 
 Golasenski, John. 
 
 Goldberg, Harry. 
 
 Goodley, Leroy E. 
 
 Goodridge, Homer K. — Pvt. 
 
 Goodwin, Lewis J.— Pvt., 17th Co., 5th U. S. M. W 
 November 7, 1918. 
 
 Gordon, John J. 
 
 Gorsky, Casimer A. 
 
 Gosdeck, William — Sgt. 
 
 Gorsky, Frank E.— Pvt. 
 
 Goska, Elmer F. 
 
 Gospodarski, Alexander— Pvt. W October 3, 1918, 
 Champagne. 
 
 Gates, Victor. 
 
 Grabski, Leo— Pvt., 5th U. S. M. W August, 1918. 
 
 Grabowski, John J. 
 
 Grake, Edward H. 
 
 Grant, Thomas J. 
 
 Graudmann, Walter J. 
 
 Graves, Justus W. 
 
 Greenwald, William— 457th Co., Battery E. 
 
 Gregory, John J. — Pvt., Co. D, 2d Training Regiment, 
 1st Training Battalion. 
 
 Grein, Cyril E.— Pvt., 417th Co. W Battery. 
 
 Griffin, Harold H. 
 
 Griswold, Harry J. — Pvt. W. 
 
 Groshans, Chester J. 
 
 Groth, Arthur A. 
 
 Groves, Philip A. — Pvt. 
 
 Gruber, Jacob— Corp., 49th Co., 13th Battalion. 
 
 Grzechowiak, Steve — 131st Co. 
 
 Grzybowski, Casimer. 
 
 Guderian, Fred W.— Pvt., 6th U. S. M. 
 
 Gueldenstein, Charles. 
 
 Guenther, George M. 
 
 Guetner, Edwin L. 
 
 Guillard, Emil. 
 
 Gunther, Arthur. 
 
 Gurtner, Edwin L.— Pvt., Co. A., 437th U. S. M. 
 
 Gutekunst, Clarence A. — Co. A., 8th Separate Bat- 
 talion. 
 
 Haag, Irving P. — Pvt. 
 
 Haase, Eugene — 1st Sgt. Died of pneumonia, Octo- 
 ber 20, 1918, at Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 Haefner, John G. — Pvt. 
 
 Haertel, Edwin J. 
 
 Eager, August J. — Pvt., Co. A, Quantico, N. Y. 
 
 Haley, Louis V.— Pvt., 74th Co., 6th U. S. M. G June 
 17, 1918. 
 
 Hall, James M.— Pvt. E. D. D. 
 
 Hall, Robert A. 
 
 Halloran, John L. — Pvt., U. S. S. "Pennsylvania." 
 
 Hamilton, Richard J. 
 
 Hammon, Charles. 
 
 Hanover, Sylvester. 
 
 Hansen, William A. — Pvt., Co. A., 1st Training Ma- 
 chine Gun Battery. 
 
 Hansknecht, Walter E. 
 
 Happe, Edward. 
 
 Hardiker, Stephen — Pvt. 
 
 Hardinger, Fisk. 
 
 Harmon, Rochford S. 
 
 Harris, Benj. — Sgt., Headquarters 14th U. S. M. 
 
 Harry, David. 
 
 Hart, John A. 
 
 Hartell, Howard. 
 
 Hartinger, Frank J.— Pvt., 94th Co., 7th U. S. M. 
 
 Hartke, Eugene J.— Corp., 98th Co. 
 
 Hartman, John A.— Pvt., 269th Co., Battery. W U. S. 
 M. C, Marine Barracks, Paris Island, S. C. 
 
 Hartnett, James. 
 
 Hastings, Dewey George — Pvt., Battery 402. 
 
 Hathaway, Sanger A. 
 
 Haussler, Erick — Pvt. 
 
 Hayden, William W. — Pvt., Utah Marines. 
 
 Hayes, John P. 
 
 Hayes, Herman — Pvt., Marines, 1st Prv. Brigade. 
 
 Hazzard, Bert F. 
 
 Hea, Evadne B. 
 
 Head, Joseph F. 
 
 Healey, William. i 
 
 Heimburg, Earl C. — Pvt. 
 
 Heinrich, Robert C. ; 
 
 Heinze, Nelson J. 
 
 Heiss, Geo. J. — Pvt. 
 
 Helbringer, Frederick W. 
 
 Helfant, Maurice. 
 
 Hencienski, Andrew — Pvt. 
 
 Henshaw, Harry J. — Pvt. 
 
 Hepp, Chester H.— Pvt. 
 
 Herlan, Wesley O. 
 
 Hess, George J. 
 
 Hess, Henry W. 
 
 Hewson, Edwin. 
 
 Heysel, Osee Thomas — Corp., Marine Barr'k, Neill, Va. 
 
 Higgins, Patrick L. — Pvt. 
 
 Hilbarn, William J.— Pvt. 
 
 Hilfiger, Frank. 
 
 Hill, Zenas H.— Pvt. 
 
 Hillery, David J.— Pvt., 5th Co., 43d U. S. M. K at 
 Chateau Thierry, July 11, 1918. 
 
 Hilton, Edward J. 
 
 Hilton, Frank H.— (Residence, Orchard Park, N. Y.) 
 
 Hinca, Stanislaus J. 
 
 Hitzel, Walter H. — Died of illness (influenza) at Paris 
 Island, S. C, October 29, 1918. 
 
 Hiskey, William B. 
 
 Hodges, Sidney — Lieut. 
 
 Hodgson, George F. 
 
 Hoffman, Charles L. — Portsmouth, N. H. 
 
 Hoffman, Clarence N. — Sniper, 4th Battery, Co. C, 
 13th U. S. M. K September 15, 1918, France. 
 
 Hoffman, Henry— Pvt., Co. F, 13th U. S. M., 2d Batt. 
 
 Hogan, Thomas H.— Pvt. 
 
 Holey, Louis V. E.— Pvt. 
 
668 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Hollster, Raymond J. — (Residence, Lackawanna, N. Y.) 
 
 Holmes, George D. 
 
 Holtz, Geo. F.— Pvt. 
 
 Holtz, John W. 
 
 Hopkins, Jess J. — Pvt. 
 
 Hoppel, Charles J. 
 
 Hosenflug, Raymond H. — Pvt. 
 
 Houck, Howard W. 
 
 Howard, Frank E. 
 
 Howard, John W. — (Residence, Tonawanda, N. Y.) 
 
 Howell, George R. 
 
 Huber, John L.— Pvt. 
 
 Huck, Leonard E. — Pvt. 
 
 Huelz, John C. 
 
 Huenizer, Walter E. 
 
 Huffstater, Leon D.— Pvt. 
 
 Hughes, Albert — Pvt. 
 
 Hughes, George F. 
 
 Hulbard, Stewart A. 
 
 Hummel, Victor F. — Home address, North Evans, 
 
 N. Y. 
 Hunt, John R. 
 
 Hurley, John S.— 3d Co., Signal Battery. 
 Hutt, Henry W.— Corp., 55th Co., 5th U. S. M. \VA 
 
 June 12, 1918. 
 Ignasiak, Anthony — Pvt. 
 Ignasiak, Maxwell J. — Pvt. 
 Irish, Hanford S. 
 Isker, Bernhard. 
 Jakubowski, George. 
 James, Harry N., Jr.— Pvt., 6th U. S. M. W June 12, 
 
 1918. 
 James, Norman I.— Pvt., 6th U.S. M. W. 
 Jedele, Reuben B. 
 Jenkins, David. 
 Jepson, John. 
 Jerge, Herman, Jr. 
 Johanns, Albert T.— Pvt. 
 Johnson, Bernard E. — Pvt. 
 Johnson, Frederick V. — Pvt. 
 
 Johnson, John W.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 1st U. S. M 
 Johnson, Leon S. — Pvt. WA. 
 Jones, Henry J.— Pvt., 71st Co., 7th U. S. M. 
 Jones, Thomas F. 
 Josefiak, Joseph C. 
 Joyce, Edward F., Jr.— Pvt. 
 Juras, Anthony S. — Pvt. 
 Kahle, George F. 
 
 Kahle, Warren P. — Pvt., 1st Marine Aviation. 
 Kaltenback, Raymond. 
 Kamin, William L. — Pvt. 
 Kaminecki Louis T. — Pvt. 
 Kania, Walter J. — Pvt. 
 Karnatz, Henry J. 
 Karpinsk, Frank 
 Kasprzak, John F. 
 Kasprzeyk, Louis J. 
 Kauf, Fred 
 Kaufman, Harold A. 
 Kawezyruski, John 
 Kayser, Wm. F. 
 
 Keane, Thomas 
 
 Kearns, Eugene J. 
 
 Keck, George F. 
 
 Keegan, Michael J. 
 
 Keith, David D. 
 
 Kelley, William J. 
 
 Kellner, Jacob J. 
 
 Kelly, Clarence W.— Pvt . 
 
 Kelly, George J.— 98th Co. 
 
 Kelly, Francis W.— Pvt., 74th Co., 6th U. S. M. G 
 
 April 13, 1918, Verdun; October 31, 1918, Argonne. 
 Kelly, Patrick J.— Pvt. 
 Kempker, Henry — Pvt. 
 Kempker, John. 
 
 Kenefick, John L.~Pvt., Co. D, 10th Repl. Bat. 
 Kerr, Frank J. 
 Kerwin, Oliver M. — Pvt. 
 Ketzer, William. 
 Keyes, Edward J.— Pvt., 43d Co., 5th U. S. M. W 
 
 October 2, 1918. 
 Kieger, Elmer — Pvt. 
 Kielaszek, Peter 
 
 Kresjewski, John — 2nd Trench Battalion. 
 Kimber, Charles A. 
 Kimmins, Winfield B. 
 Kingston, Arthur — Major, 4th U. S. M. 
 Kinisley, Gordon. 
 Kinn, Walter C— Pvt. 
 Kinne, Roy C— Pvt. 
 Kirsch, George W. — Pvt. 
 Kirchgessimer, John G. 
 Kirk, John T. 
 Kisker, Lawrence J. 
 Kistenfeger, Albert J. 
 Klaup, Edward W.— Pvt. 
 Klausman, Albert A. 
 Klea, Henry G. 
 Klein, Curtis W. 
 Klier, Joseph M. 
 Klinder, Harry M. 
 Klingelhofer, Bernard. 
 Klinck, John R.— Pvt. 
 Klostermann, Jos. A. 
 Klump, Edwin W.— Pvt. 
 Knopp, .James S. 
 Koegel, Michael J. 
 Koehler, Louis H. 
 Koeppner, Edward F. 
 Kogler, John M. 
 Kohn, Clarence W. 
 Koister, Arthur W. 
 Kolb, George F. 
 Kolczynski, Leo — Pvt. 
 KoUer, William. 
 Konieczny, Stanley J. — Pvt. 
 Konopa, Walter — Pvt. 
 Kowolax, Albert. 
 Kozub, John. 
 Kraft, Clarence J.— Pvt. 
 Kramer, William. 
 Krasowski, Simon — Pvt., Co. B, 3d Battalion. 
 
U. S. Marines 
 
 669 
 
 Krause, Wni. O. 
 
 Krauss, Eugene G. 
 
 Krauss, Jacob J. 
 
 Kreitner, Albert H. 
 
 Kreitzbender, Albert J. — Pvt. 
 
 Kreppel, Frank A. 
 
 Kress, Andrew. 
 
 Kreiger, Elmer — Corp. 
 
 Krohmer, Willard J.— Pvt. 18th Co., U. S. M. 
 
 Krolick, Edward J. 
 
 Krueger, Arthur H. 
 
 Krueger, Theodore P. 
 
 Krug, John G.— Pvt. 
 
 Krystal, Ignatz — Pvt. 
 
 Kuchenneiter, John J. 
 
 Kuhn, Frank M. — Ist-class Mate. 
 
 Kuhnle, Henry— Pvt., 64th Co. 
 
 Kumpker, John— Pvt., 179th Co., 14th U. S. M. 
 
 Kuney, Adelbert F.— Pvt. 
 
 Kunz, Floyd C— 
 
 Kurejewski, John. 
 
 Kyser, Albert J. 
 
 Labart, Herman W., Jr. 
 
 Labley, Chas. E. 
 
 Labuszewski, Wni. F. 
 
 Lalloz, Arthur C— Pvt. 
 
 Lafleur, Leopold J. — Pvt. 
 
 Lamb, Vincent D. 
 
 Lamerand, Earl B. 
 
 Laudgraf, Philip A. 
 
 Lang, George F.— 16th Co., 5th U. S. M. W October 
 
 4, 1918. 
 Lang, George J. 
 LaPrell, Ambrose J. 
 LaRoutte, Elton G. 
 Larsen, Waldemar. 
 Lasiewicz, Edward J. — 19th Co., Heavy Artillery, 
 
 Separate Battery. 
 LaTour, Douglas T. 
 Lattner, Joseph C. 
 Lawler, Clement A. 
 Laws, Cyril M. — Pvt. 
 Lawson, Louis A. — Pvt. 
 Lea, Wilfred V. 
 Learman, John G. 
 Leaverenz, Archibald L. 
 Lebert, Charles. 
 Lebrhaupt, Bernard — Pvt. 
 Ledwon, Joseph P. — Pvt. 
 Lee, Robert T. 
 Leffers, John G. 
 
 Lehman, Clifford E. H. — Aviation. 
 Lehrhaupt, Benjamin — Pvt. 
 Leif, Albert E. 
 Lema, James. 
 Lentz, Joseph A. 
 Lester, William G. — Pvt. 
 Letson, George A. — Pvt. 
 Levey, Raymond M. — Pvt. 
 Lewandowski, Frank 
 Lewenicht, Edward H.— 168th Co. 
 
 Libawintz, Phillip. 
 
 Limbert, Raymond W. — Pvt. 
 
 Lindberg, Chas. F. 
 
 Linetty, Peter J. 
 
 Linneborn, Howard. 
 
 Linsmeir, Edwin M. — Pvt. 
 
 Lippert, Frederick. 
 
 Lisatskos, Bloddie. 
 
 Liszka, John A. 
 
 Liszka, Joseph B. 
 
 Liszka, Stanley M. 
 
 Lobart, Herman W. 
 
 Lock, Albert. 
 
 Lockwood, Samuel — Pvt. 
 
 Lodowski, Joseph — Pvt. 
 
 Logue, Joseph W. 
 
 Lonergon, Patrick B. 
 
 Long, Allen J. 
 
 Longway, Henry W. — Pvt. 
 
 Lorenz, Herbert F. J. 
 
 Love, David K. 
 
 Lubo, Wm. H. J. 
 
 Luedke, Arthur H. 
 
 Luedke, Julius, E. 
 
 Luh, Clarence B. 
 
 Luksch, John G. 
 
 Lutjens, Alfred G. R. 
 
 Lyons, James J. 
 
 MacConnell, Harry A.— Pvt., 377th Co., Battalion B. 
 
 Mace, Harry — Pvt. 
 
 Macikowski, John— Sgt., 84th Co., 6th U. S. M. W 
 
 July 19, 1918. 
 MacFayden, Edward G. — Aviation. 
 Machazenske, Adam M. 
 Macikowski, John. 
 Mackenzie, John — Pvt. 
 Mackie, James A. 
 Magee, Frank. 
 Mahoney, Frank J. 
 Mahoney, William W. — Pvt. 
 Maier, Theodore. 
 Majoney, Augustine L. 
 Malinowski, John R. 
 Mallian, John A. — Pvt. 
 Mammott, John A. — Pvt. 
 Mangold, Chauncey D. 
 Mann, Charles. 
 Mann, Ernest H. 
 Markey, John M. — Pvt. 
 Morningstar, Wesley R. 
 Marth, Frederick A. — Pvt. 
 Martin, Jack R.— Pvt., 80th Co., 6th U. S. M. W 
 
 October 4, 1918. 
 Martin, Llewellyn J. 
 Mason, George E. — Pvt. 
 Mason, Henry L. 
 Mathias, Waldo J.— Pvt. 
 Mauer, John. 
 Mayer, Albert E. 
 Mayer, John. 
 Meachum, Ralph F. — Pvt. 
 
670 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Meddody, Jos. W. 
 
 Meinweiser, Chas. B. 
 
 Mentuluski, Stanley. 
 
 Meister, John G. 
 
 Melant, John F.— Pvt., 7th U. S. M. 
 
 Melody, George T.— Pvt. 
 
 Meowinski, Joseph— Pvt., 53d Co., 2d U. S. M. 
 
 Merry, Bruce R. — Pvt. 
 
 Metzinger, John — Corp. 
 
 Metzinger, Lester S.— Pvt., 47th Co., 5th U. S. M. WG 
 
 October 12, 1918. 
 Meyer, Albert E.— 80th Co., 6th U. S. M. W August 
 
 23,1918. 
 Meyerowitz, Samuel— Pvt., 97th Co., 6th U. S. M. W. 
 Meyers, Albert— Pvt., 6th U. S. M. W September 11, 
 
 1918. 
 Michael, Sidney M. — Pvt. 
 
 Michalak, Michael J. — Headquarters Co., 6th U. S. M. 
 Millard, Edward L.— Pvt. 
 Milant, John F. 
 Miller, Adolph B.— Major, 6th U. S. M. WG April 18, 
 
 1918. 
 Miller, Earl C. 
 Miller, Harry — Pvt. 
 Miller, Leonard. 
 Miller, Minor Dew — Pvt. 
 Minton, Geo. W.— Pvt. 
 Miszkelis, Joseph — Pvt. 
 Mitchell, William— Pvt. W. 
 Mock, Arthur P.— Pvt., 5th U. S. M. 
 Monzie, Emil. 
 Moody, Joseph H. — Pvt. 
 Moore, John J. 
 
 Morgan, C. B.— Sgt., 36th Co., 1st U. S. M. 
 Morgan, Charles B. — Pvt. 
 
 Morgan, Edward— Pvt., 176th Co., 14th U. S. M. 
 Morgan, Edward R. — Pvt. 
 Moris, Clarence E. 
 Morlock, Michael F. 
 
 Morrison, Francis W. — Trumpeter, 112th Co., U. S. M. 
 Mortyr, Cyril W.— Lieut., 6th Co., 12th U. S. M. 
 Mrowinski, Joseph J. — Pvt. 
 Mullen, Nicholas C— Pvt., Co. A. 
 Mundie, James A. 
 
 Murphy, Joseph D. — Ist-class Pvt., Aviation. 
 Murphy, Victor D.— Pvt., 5th U. S. M. 
 Musty, Grover E. — Pvt. 
 Musty, Raymond A. 
 Myers, Fred — Pvt. 
 McAvoy, Harold G.— Pvt., 43d Co., 5th U. S. M. 
 
 Injured June 12th. 
 McCabe, Patrick. 
 McCarthy, Johns. 
 McClure, James J.— Pvt., 179th Co., 14th R. Marines. 
 
 Sharp Shooter. 
 McCormick, George E. — Pvt., Rifle Range Detachm't. 
 McCreary, Donald K. 
 McCullough, Robert J.— Pvt. 
 McDonald, Bernard A.— 6th Co., 95th U. S. M. Injured 
 
 November 1, 1918. 
 McDonald, Floyd— Pvt. 
 
 McDonald, Frank A.— Pvt., 97th Co., 6th U. S. M. 
 
 McDonald, Frederick J.— Pvt., 18th Co., 5th U. S. M. 
 
 McDonnell, Francis J. 
 
 McDonnell, Vincent P. — Pvt. 
 
 McGee, George B. 
 
 McGill, Edward E. 
 
 McGirr, Raymond — Sgt. 
 
 McGloine, William J. 
 
 McGovern, Howard A. — Pvt. 
 
 McKee, Bion E.— Pvt. 
 
 McKenna, George E. 
 
 McLoughlin, William. 
 
 McMullen, James. 
 
 McNamara, James. 
 
 McNerney, WiHiam R. — Pvt., Marksman, 45th Co., 5th 
 U.S.M. WA Oct. 4, 1918, Champagne. A. of O., Ger- 
 many. Returned with Co. E, 3rd Army, Composite 
 Regt.,"Pershings Own." 
 
 Nachbar, Norman W. 
 
 Nagel, Arthur. 
 
 Nagel, Clarence H. — Pvt., Armored Car Squadron. 
 
 Narigan, Ralph B. 
 
 Nowakowski, Frank. 
 
 Neary, Patrick. 
 
 Nease, Howard S. 
 
 Neiser, Joseph J. — Pvt. 
 
 Nellson, Robert C. 
 
 Nevins, Robert M. — 2d Lieut. 
 
 Newcomb, Roswell P. 
 
 Newell, Loren E. — Pvt. 
 
 Newhouse, William 0. 
 
 Newman, Harold A.— Pvt., 83d Co., 6th U. S. M. G. 
 November 2, 1918. 
 
 Newton, James. 
 
 Nicholson, James C. — Pvt. 
 
 Nievinski, Frank. 
 
 Noeltner, Edward J. — Pvt. 
 
 Noryskiewiecz, Edwin G. — Pvt. 
 
 Nourinski, Nicholas — Pvt. 
 
 Nowakoski, Rudolf. 
 
 Oakes, Mowryn C. 
 
 O'Brian, Harry T. — Radio Operator, Radio Land Sta. 
 
 Odien, Philip T.— Pvt. 
 
 O'Hern, Daniel T. 
 
 Oholtzki, Frederick. 
 
 Oldfield, Harry E.— Pvt. 
 
 Oldshield, Joseph E. 
 
 Olver, Wallace N.— Pvt. W. 
 
 Orts, Howard H.— Pvt. 
 
 Osswold, Frank G. 
 
 Oosterhondt, Charles R.— Pvt., Co. I, 3d Battery, 13th 
 U.S.M. 
 
 Oppenheimer, Newton S. 
 
 Overholt, Victor D. — Pvt. 
 
 Oyler, Arthur A. 
 
 Pacanowski, John V. 
 
 Packer, Hubert C. 
 
 Paddock, George F. 
 
 Pagels, Herman C. — Pvt. 
 
 Pair, Leroy. 
 
 Papenberg, John H.— Pvt., 24th Co. 
 
U. S. Marines 
 
 671 
 
 Parker, Brown L. 
 
 Parker, Elmer A. 
 
 Patterson, Andrew R. 
 
 Patterson, George A. — Pvt., Machine Gun Detach. 
 
 Paul, Wellman S. 
 
 Pedt, Leo. 
 
 Pehler, Joseph A. 
 
 Penwick, Fred W. 
 
 Perrine, Melanchtlon H. 
 
 Peering, W. H. — Corp., Headquarters Co. 
 
 Perry, Willard H.— Pvt., Co. B., 1st Department Ma- 
 chine Gun Battalion. 
 
 Perryman, De Forest G. — Pvt. 
 
 Peter, Lloyd D. K. — Pvt., 19th Co., 10th Reg't, U.S.M. 
 
 Peters, Frank E. 
 
 Peters, Lloyd D. 
 
 Peterson, John— Pvt., 75th Co., 6th U. S. M. 
 
 Pettit, Willard J. 
 
 Petzing, George — Pvt., Headquarters Co. 
 
 Pfalzgraf, John R. 
 
 Pfeiffler, Harold J. 
 
 Phillys, Arthur F. 
 
 Phillips, Claude A. 
 
 Phillips, George W. 
 
 Pienieski, Stanley — Pvt., 19th Battalion. 
 
 Pierce, Arnold M. — Pvt. 
 
 Pietszak, Edward P. 
 
 Pike, Floyd E.— Pvt. 
 
 Plumley, Ernest C— Pvt. 
 
 Plumley, Walter E. 
 
 Piazza, John J. 
 
 Pohle, Ernest V. 
 
 Pokornowski, Walter — Pvt. 
 
 Polito, Joseph A. 
 
 Pongrate, Albert. 
 
 Poppenberg, John H. — Pvt. 
 
 Poppendick, Albert. 
 
 Popple, Carleton W.— Pvt. 
 
 Powers, Henry H. 
 
 Prentiss, Nelson W. — Pvt., Paris Island, Marine Bar- 
 racks. 
 
 Pritchard, Robert L.— Pvt., 121st Co., 9th U. S. M. 
 
 Pruchnowski, John. 
 
 Pusateci, Christopher — Pvt. 
 
 Pless, Henry F. 
 
 Plumley, John S. 
 
 Place, Frank B.— Pvt. 
 
 Quenzer, Frederick R. — Pvt. 
 
 Racinowski, Stanley. 
 
 Raisch, Leslie R. 
 
 Ralph, Walter F. 
 
 Rambath, Charles E.— Pvt. 
 
 Rand, Charles F. 
 
 Rand, Charles H. B. 
 
 Randolph, Harold L— Pvt. 
 
 Rapaport, Maxwell A. 
 
 Rasch, Ernst R.^88th Co. 
 
 Rathburn, Charles E. 
 
 Rathfon, Paul W. 
 
 Rayner, Richard L~Pvt., 438th Co. 
 
 Rearick, Reamer C. 
 
 Reed, Oscar E. 
 
 Reid, John. 
 
 Reith, Joseph — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 13th U. S. M. 
 
 Renk, Louis — Pvt. 
 
 Renold, Carl E.— Pvt. 
 
 Reuther, Louis M. 
 
 Riffle, Raymond— Pvt. 
 
 Rink, Edward F. 
 
 Ritzel, Daniel J.— Pvt., Co. 55th, 5th U. S. M. 
 
 Roberts, Al— Pvt. 
 
 Roberts, Wilbur— Pvt. 
 
 Robertson, George P.— Gun Sgt., 18th Co., 5th U. S. M. 
 2d Division. 
 
 Robertson, John— Pvt., 18th Co., 5th U. S. M. 
 
 Robinson, Thomas R. — Pvt. 
 
 Rock, Laurence C. — Pvt. 
 
 Rock, Philip— Pvt. 
 
 Rogers, Charles S.— Pvt., 82d Co., 6th U. S. M., Octo- 
 ber 26, 1918. 
 
 Rogers, Myron H. 
 
 Roll, Raymond— Pvt., Co. D., 3d U. S. M. 
 
 Rombkowski, Frank J. — Sgt., Instructor Machine Gun 
 and Heavy Artillery. 
 
 Rooney, Harry— Pvt., Co. M, 13th U. S. M. 
 
 Rose, John V. 
 
 Rosenski, Stanley P.— Pvt., Co. H, 11th U. S. M. 
 
 Rosmarck, George. 
 
 Ross, John W. — Pvt., Radio Station. 
 
 Ross, Irving — Pvt. 
 
 Ross, William D. 
 
 Roth, Frederick G. 
 
 Roth, Harry J.— Pvt. 
 
 Roth, Robert R.— Pvt. 
 
 Rott, Robert R.— Corp., 6th Co., 95th U.S.M. Injured 
 July 28, 1918. 
 
 Roy, Leon J. 
 
 Rudolph, Ziehm 0. 
 
 Ruguszka, George — Corp. 
 
 Russell, Clarence D.—lst-class Pvt., Co. F, 11th U.S.M. 
 
 Russell, Frederick A. 
 
 Russell, John J. 
 
 Russell, Michael H. 
 
 Rutzen, Benjamin J. 
 
 Rybecki, Kazimierz F. 
 
 Rylznski, Anthony. 
 
 Salisbury, Patrick M. 
 
 Samson, Channel S. 
 
 Saperston, Alfred M. 
 
 Saunders, John T. 
 
 Saunders, Lewis J. 
 
 Saunders, James — Pvt. 
 
 Sawyer, Albert L. 
 
 Sawyer, Warren A. 
 
 Schad, Clarence P. 
 
 Schad, Leon G. 
 
 Schaich, John W. 
 
 Schapin, John F. 
 
 Schaub, Frederick. 
 
 Scheib, Edward W.— Pvt., Co. K., 13th U. S. M. 
 
 Scheld, Harry W.— Pvt. 
 
 Scheuch, John C— Pvt., 141st Co. 
 
672 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Schweir, Alfred. 
 
 Schiener, Paul P.— Pvt., 459th Co. 
 
 Schmeickel, Charles F. — Pvt. 
 
 Schmelzer, E. E.— Pvt., 55th Co., 5th U. S. M., Illinois, 
 
 November 4, 1918. 
 Schmidt, George. 
 Schmidt, George. 
 Schmidt, George F. 
 Schmidt, William A. 
 
 Schmidt, Walter W.— Machine Gun Co., 14th U. S. M. 
 Schmitt, Charles A. 
 Schneggenburger, Alfred J. — Pvt., 66th Co., 5th U. S. 
 
 M. W April 22, 1918, and November 1, 1918. 
 
 Awarded Croix de Guerre and personal citation from General Per- 
 shing. Also recommended for the Gold Medal which is awarded 
 only to members of the Marine Corps for valiant service under 
 fire. 
 
 Schober, John— Sgt. W June 14, 1918. 
 
 Schoell, Geo. A. 
 
 Schoemaker, Henry W. 
 
 Schohn, Charles A. 
 
 Schrader, Carl F.— Pvt. 
 
 Schrader, Norman C. 
 
 Schramm, William R.— Pvt., Co. B, 8th Battahon. 
 
 Schreiber, Karl C— Corp., 51st Co., 5th U. S. M. WA 
 
 June 12, 1918, Chateau Thierry. 
 Schroer, William E.— Pvt., Co. F, 11th U. S. M. 
 Schrover, William E. 
 Schultz, Adolph C— Pvt., 49th Co., 5th U. S. M. W 
 
 June 15, 1918 and October 4, 1918. 
 Schumbacker, John E.— Pvt., 384th Co., Q Batt. 
 Schultz, Milton W. 
 Schwab, Frank G. 
 
 Schwalb, Raymond G. — Sgt., 1st Aeronautics. . 
 Schwartz, Jos. B. 
 Schwartz, Vincent H. 
 Schwartz, William J. 
 Schwarzott, Joseph — Sgt., Mach. Gun Co., 5th U. S. 
 
 Marines. 
 Schween, Christian F. — Pvt. 
 Swein, John J. — Pvt. 
 Schwigler, Charles L. 
 Seibetta, Charles A. 
 Scott, Benhamin — 1st class Marine, 55th Co., 5th U. 
 
 S. M. W October 5, 1918. 
 Scott, Ronald C. 
 Scott, Wallace G. 
 Seabrook, John P. 
 Seelbach, Edgar R. 
 Seereiter, Frank R. — Pvt. 
 Seesman, Edward F. 
 Seesman, Edmund — Pvt. 
 Seibert, Matthew J. 
 Seitz, Albert H. 
 Seomczewski, Leo. 
 Serdinsky, John S. — Pvt. 
 Shaefer, Archie B. — Pvt. 
 Shanahan, John P. 
 Shand, Peter. 
 
 Shapiro, Harry— Capt., Co. D, 5th U. S. M. 
 Shapiro, Isadore. 
 Sharkey, Robert B.— Pvt., 18th Co., 5th U. S. M. 
 
 Shaver, Carlton H. 
 
 Shea, Daniel A. 
 
 Sheehan, Charles J. — Gun-pointer. 
 
 Sheldon, Sherman. 
 
 Showiak, Anthony. 
 
 Shepard, Wilson H. 
 
 Sherman, Erwin C— Pvt., 147th Co., Signal Battalion. 
 
 Shill, Albert— Sgt. 
 
 Siebert, Mathew J. — Pvt., Co. C, 2d Separate Machine 
 
 Gun Battalion. 
 Sibert, Willard W. 
 Sieback, Edgar R. 
 Siegrist, Norman B. 
 Sieraki, John F. 
 
 Sierszulski, Henry J.— Pvt., 80th Co. 
 Sikorski, Michael A. — Pvt. 
 Simonik, Andrew J. 
 Simons, Peter. 
 Simpson, Arthur E. 
 Sitarz, Anthony. 
 Sitarzewski, Peter. 
 Skinner, John T.— Pvt. 
 Skinner, Rufus H.— Pvt. 
 Skwierakski, Frank — Pvt., Co. B. 
 Skok, John F.— Pvt. 
 Slatter, James W.— Pvt. 
 Slomczewski, Leo. 
 Smith, Archelaus L. — Pvt. 
 Smith, A. W.— 397th Co. 
 Smith, Arthur W. 
 Smith, Charles L. 
 Smith, Edward— Pvt. 
 Smith, Francis E.— 94th Co., 7th U. S. M. 
 Smith, Floyd R.— Pvt., 89th Co., 1st U. S. M. 
 Smith, Howard S. 
 
 Smith, Herbert G. — Sgt., 1st Marine Aviation Force. 
 Smith, Harold M. 
 Smith, James. 
 
 Smith, Norman R.— Pvt., Co. A, 438th Battalion. 
 Smith, William J. 
 Smith, Zeno J. 
 
 Sniadecki, John— Pvt., 55th Co., 5th U. S. M. 
 Snusz, Bernard G. 
 Soakob, Andrew. 
 Sobierajski, Bronislaus M. — Pvt. 
 Sobieski, Michael — Pvt. 
 Sosnowski, Walter M. 
 Spang, Theodore C. 
 Sparacio, Michael J. — Pvt. 
 Spaeth, Joseph. 
 Spaulding, Gillman. 
 Spaulding, Neil A. — Pvt. 
 Spencer, Arthur A. — Pvt. 
 Spencer, Elmer H. — Pvt. 
 Stachewicz, Casimir J. — Pvt. 
 Stachowiak, Tadeus. 
 Stachowiak, Thaddeus F. 
 Stafford, Albert C. 
 Starker, Lewis E. 
 Stencel, Julius — Pvt. 
 Stephany, Eugene J. 
 
U. S. Marines 
 
 673 
 
 Stevens, R. M.— Corp., 424th Battalion. 
 
 Stewart, Francis C. 
 
 Stolz, Albert J. 
 
 Storms, Raymond A.— Pvt., 427th Co. 
 
 Storrs, Leon C. — Pvt. 
 
 Straker, John. 
 
 Straker, Wm. S. 
 
 Strand, Walter H. 
 
 Strauss, Matthew J. 
 
 Strickland, Chester I. 
 
 Striegel, .Joseph A. 
 
 Struzyk, Thomas— Pvt. 
 
 Strazynski, Albert. 
 
 Studd, George F.— Pvt. 
 
 Styke, Frank. 
 
 Sutterby, Frank C— Pvt. 
 
 Sutton, Walter E. 
 
 Swanekamp, Joseph H. — 6th U. S. M. WA three 
 times, October 3, 1918. 
 
 Sweet, Ben H.— Pvt. 
 
 Sylvia, Everett — Pvt. 
 
 Sypniewski, Bernard — Pvt. 
 
 Szczechowiak, Anthony. 
 
 Szelweczka, Joseph F.— Pvt., Co. C, 11th U. S. M. 
 
 Szen, Charles R.— Pvt., 12th Co. WA. 
 
 Szizepanski, Peter — Pvt. 
 
 Szuhilist, Alojzy. 
 
 Szumigalski, Roman. 
 
 Szumigalski, Stanley V. 
 
 Talloday, William N.— Pvt. 
 
 Tamlyn, Charles E. 
 
 Tanner, Nelson F. — Pvt. 
 
 Taranella, Roy F. 
 
 Tatro, Olizen F.— Pvt. 
 
 Taylor, Carl N. 
 
 Taylor, George F. 
 
 Taylor, William P. 
 
 Tebo, Napoleon. 
 
 Temple, Arthur E. 
 
 Templeton, Leslie A. — Pvt. 
 
 Terian, Anthony W. 
 
 Tharan, Herman— Sgt., 55th Co., 5th U. S. M. 
 
 Thebault, Arthur E. 
 
 Thidobean, Albert N. 
 
 Thomas, Albert C— Pvt., Co. L., 13th U. S. M. 
 
 Thomas, Walton F.— Bugler, 423d Co. 
 
 Thompson, Frank J. 
 
 Thompson, Francis J. 
 
 Thompson, William J. 
 
 Thurber, Ralph H.— Pvt. 
 
 Tierney, James M. — Pvt. 
 
 Tighe, Francis J.— Pvt., Co. L., 13th U. S. M. 
 
 Tight, Francis J. 
 
 Todjdowski, Stephen. 
 
 Toense, Martin C. — 48th Co., Marine Aviation. 
 
 Tong, Arthur. 
 
 Towyie, George F. — Philadelphia Navy Yard. 
 
 Tracy, W. Titus. 
 
 Trautmann, Christ— Pvt., Co. F, 11th U. S. M. 
 
 Trautman, Charles— Pvt., Co. F, 11th U. S. M. 
 
 Trebel, Howard— Pvt. 
 
 Tremblay, Howard R. 
 
 Trigg, Raymond J. — Pvt. 
 
 Troidel, Edw. G. 
 
 Tucker, Russell E.— Pvt. WA. 
 
 Tucker, William A. 
 
 Turner, Theodore J. 
 
 Turner, George E. 
 
 Tyburski, Walter W.— Pvt. 
 
 Tyndall, John. 
 
 Tyrrell, Louis E.— Pvt., 96th Co. WG Sept. 12, 1918. 
 
 Uhlinger, Perry H.— 138th U. S. M. 
 
 Uhlinger, Percy W. 
 
 Ullrich, Louis. 
 
 Underbush, William. 
 
 Urban, Burt J.— Pvt. 
 
 Urschel, Chauncey M. 
 
 Urtel, R. A.~Pvt., 10th Co. 
 
 Van Den Vouver, Edmund — Pvt. 
 
 Vanderbush, John. 
 
 Vanderbush, John T. 
 
 Vanhoff, John F. — Pvt., Machine Gun Battalion, 5th 
 
 Brigade. 
 VanNorman, Frank. 
 Vergils, William— Pvt., 29th U. S. M. 
 Vitale, Charles— Pvt., Co. D. 
 Vogel, Arthur G. 
 
 Von Daache, Fred J.— Pvt., 96th Co., 6th U. S. M. 
 Vosgraw, William G. 
 Wachowziak, Walter — Pvt. 
 Wagner, John C. 
 Walczak, Theodore A. — Pvt. 
 Waldraff, Howard D. 
 Walker, Robert J. 
 Wall, Reuben E.— Sgt., 819th Co. 
 Wallington, Geo. M. 
 Walsh, Patrick. 
 Walski, George. 
 Walters, Chas. T.— Pvt. 
 Wamsley, Robert C. — Pvt. 
 Warren, Orren. 
 
 Warren, Robert— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 11th U. S.M. 
 Warsocki, Paul J.— Pvt., 18th Co., 5th U. S. M. W 
 
 June 11, 1918. 
 Watson, John C. 
 Watson, Leslie A. 
 Watson, Lewis, Jr. 
 Watts, William R. 
 
 Wawrzyniak, Jack D.— Pvt. W June 18, 1918. 
 Weaver, Devere E. 
 Weaver, Fred L. 
 Webb, Howard W.— Sgt. 
 Webb, Howard. 
 
 Webber, Charles C— Pvt., 382d Co., 2d Battalion. 
 Weber, John — Pvt. 
 Weber, Joseph J. 
 Weber, John B.— Pvt. 
 
 Weber, John M.— Sgt., 81st Co., 6th U. S. M. 
 Weglewski, Alex. — Sgt. 
 Werglein, Royal V. 
 Weishaar, Jacob, Jr. 
 Wende, Kenefick. 
 
674 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Weiss, Orville F. 
 
 Wenneman, Fred J. — Pvt. 
 
 Weter, William H. Pvt. 
 
 Wertz, Fred T. 
 
 Wesolek, Joseph J. 
 
 West, John M. 
 
 Weter, Raymond M. — Pvt. 
 
 Wetmore, Frederick E. 
 
 Whalen, James E. 
 
 Whalen, Leo A.— Pvt. 
 
 Whalen, Leo T. 
 
 Whalley, Arthur W.— Pvt., 26th Co. 
 
 Wheeler, Howard E. 
 
 Whilley, Arthur W. 
 
 Whistler, Sanford A.— Pvt., 3d Battalion, 11th U.S.M. 
 
 Whitehead, William A.— Corp., Co. A, 1st U. S. M. 
 
 Whitehead, William H.— Corp., Co. A, 1st U. S. M. 
 
 Wickwire, Henry J. — Pvt. 
 
 Wieland, Fred J.— Pvt. 
 
 Wieland, Henry L. 
 
 Wilczewski, Joseph J. — Pvt. 
 
 Wild, Frank C— Pvt., 4th Co. 
 
 Wilgus, Walter J.— Pvt. 
 
 Wilhelm, Alois M.— Pvt., 406th Co. 
 
 Wilke, Henry P. — Sgt., Aviation. 
 
 WllHams, Bernard F.— Pvt., 268th Co. 
 
 Williams, Charles W. 
 
 Willison, Everett E. 
 
 Wilsh, James H. 
 
 Wilson, John R. 
 
 Wilson, Charles. 
 
 Wincenciak, William. 
 
 Winters, George J. — Pvt. 
 
 Wismewski, John M. 
 
 Withnell, Joseph E. 
 
 Witkowski, Frank N.— Pvt., Co. D, Uth U. S. M. 
 
 Witkowski, Nicholas. 
 
 Wolcott, Norman A. — Pvt. 
 
 Wolf, Frank L. 
 
 Wolfe, James A. 
 
 Wojciak, Ignatius — Pvt. 
 
 Wojczynski, Anthony. 
 
 Wojcinski, Walter. 
 
 Wojthoviak, Max. 
 
 Wojtkawick, Steve J. — Pvt. 
 
 Wolcott, Norman A. 
 
 Wozniak, Stephen W. 
 
 Yaeger, Adolph. 
 
 Yates, Richard C. 
 
 Yohn, William E.— Pvt., 62d Co., 2d U. S. M. 
 
 Young, Henry A. 
 
 Young, James J. — Pvt. 
 
 Yuhnke, Frederick W. 
 
 Zemrok, Bronislaw. 
 
 Zemrsk, Bronislaus— Pvt., Co. E., 11th U. S. M. 
 
 Zenefels, Herbert F. 
 
 Zenger, Edward J. 
 
 Zgliniski, Edward. 
 
 Zwolinski, Louis. 
 
BASE HOSPITAL No. 23 
 
 MALE MEMBERS OF UNIT 
 
 Adams, Harry E. — Pvt. 
 Adams, John R. — Pvt. 
 Allan, Herbert W.— Sgt. 
 Anderson, Carl D. — Pvt. 
 Auer, Joseph H. — Pvt. 
 Avery, George H. — Pvt. 
 Bachman, Aloysius A. — Pvt. 
 Bachman, Joseph V. — Pvt. 
 Barr, Howard P. — Pvt. 
 Beck, Alfred W.— Pvt. 
 Belzer, Lester J. — Pvt. 
 Betts, Joseph B. — Capt. 
 Bluestein, Louis R. — Pvt. 
 Boland, Daniel C— Pvt. 
 Booth, George T.— Pvt. 
 Boswell, Lambert F., Jr. — Cook. 
 Brennan, Joseph P. — Capt. 
 Briggs, George V. — Pvt. 
 Brydon, Robert H.— Pvt. 
 Bullard, Edwin W.— Pvt. 
 Burke, Raymond P. — Pvt. 
 Burrows, Lorenzo, Jr. — Capt. 
 Canon, Leonard B. — Pvt. 
 Carr, Joseph V. — Pvt. 
 Carroll, William F.— Pvt. 
 Castle, Gordon B.--Pvt. 
 Clay, Paul E.— Pvt. 
 Clinton, Marshall — Major. 
 Cole, Herbert L. — Cook. 
 Conkling, Milton W.— Pvt. 
 Creahan, Milton W.— Pvt. 
 Curtis, Logan H. — Pvt. 
 Daigler, Charles A. — Pvt. 
 Darlington, Robert F. — Pvt. 
 Davis, John F.— Pvt. 
 De Ceu, Robert E.— Capt. 
 De Niord, Richard N. — 1st Lieut. 
 Doherty, George C. — Sgt. 
 Doherty, James M. — Pvt. 
 Donovan, Timothy F. — 1st Lieut. 
 Drasgow, Aloysius J. — Pvt. 
 Drexelius, Carl — Sgt. 
 Dunn, Earle — Pvt. 
 Eichman, John, Jr. — Pvt. 
 Elmslie, Agnes G. — Lab. Assistant. 
 Engel, Daniel C— Pvt. 
 Erway, Earle P.— Pvt. 
 Fairbanks, Howard C. — 1st Lieut. 
 Fairbairn, John F. — Major. 
 Felton, Chester C— Sgt. 
 Ferguson, Kenneth C. — Pvt. 
 Fischer, Anthony L. — Pvt. 
 Fish, Raymond J. — Pvt. 
 Fitzgerald, Robert E.— Pvt. 
 Forbes, James H. — Pvt. 
 Freeman, Geo. H. — Pvt. 
 
 Freidenberger, Philip D. — Pvt. 
 Friel, Charles H.^Sgt. 
 Gartner, Albert A. — 1st Lieut. 
 Garwood, Wm. C. — Pvt. 
 Gifford, Carl J.— Pvt. 
 Guilbert, Wm. J.— Pvt. 
 Glynn, John T.— Pvt. 
 Gomez, Juan R. — Pvt. 
 Goodwin, Frank P. — Capt. 
 Greenles, Charles L. — Pvt. 
 Griffith, Dalton A.— Pvt. 
 Hack, Clarence E.— Pvt. 
 Harding, Geo. W. — Pvt. 
 Hardy, Hanford K. — 1st Lieut. 
 Hayes, Leslie G. — Pvt. 
 Henesey, John R. — Pvt. 
 Henry, Alfred J.— Pvt. 
 Hickey, Joseph H. — Pvt. 
 Hill, Harry J.— Pvt. 
 Hodges, John A. — Pvt. 
 Hook, Leo T.— Pvt. 
 Hourigan, Peter C. — Cook. 
 Howell, Stephen E.— Pvt. 
 Jackson, Paul E. — Pvt. 
 Jones, Clarence G. — Pvt. 
 Joyce, Donald M. — Pvt. 
 Joyce, Douglas D. — Pvt. 
 Karcher, Harry M. — Pvt. 
 Kavalick, Michael A. — Pvt. 
 Kennedy, Charles T. — Cook. 
 Kinley, Lewis F. — Pvt. 
 Klopfer, Leroy E. — Pvt. 
 Knocke, Elmer J. — 1st Lieut. 
 Lees, Howard B. — Pvt. 
 Lendrim, John S. — Pvt. 
 Leonard, William J. — Pvt. 
 Lindholm, Carl L.— Pvt. 
 Lund, Filer C— Pvt. 
 McChesney, Irvin G. — Pvt. 
 McDowell, Hugh C— 1st Lieut. 
 McGinnis, Charles A. — Pvt. 
 McGraw, John A. — Pvt. 
 McGuire, Francis W. — Capt. 
 McKee, Charles F.^Pvt. 
 McKenney, Descum C. — Capt. 
 Machemer, Walter L. — 1st Lieut. 
 Mann, Baldwin — Capt. 
 Mark, Russell T.— Pvt. 
 Markwardt, Henry — Pvt. 
 Martorana, Frank J., Jr. — Pvt. 
 Mathers, George A. — Pvt. 
 May, Herman F. — 1st Lieut. 
 Meahl, Roswell P.~Pvt. 
 Millet, J. A. P.— 1st Lieut. 
 Morrissey, Franklin J. — Pvt. 
 Mouck, Carrol L. — Pvt. 
 
 Murphy, Eugene F. — Pvt. 
 Neeley, Fred E. — Cook. 
 O'Hara, William P.— Cook. 
 Oyen, Olaf L.— Pvt. 
 Page, Lawrence D. — Pvt. 
 Parish, Sherwood W. — Pvt. 
 Pickering, Cyrenius C, Jr. — Pvt. 
 Ranney, George T. — Pvt. 
 Ranney, Robert J. — Pvt. 
 Rast, Robert R.— Sgt. 
 Rebstock, Carl L.— Pvt. 
 Reed, Herbert— Pvt. 
 Rice, George E. — Pvt. 
 Rivers, Noble G.— Pvt. 
 Roberts, Russell, Jr. — Pvt. 
 Rothang, Clarence W. — Pvt. 
 Rowley, Frank B.— Pvt. 
 Rukke, Guy V. — Major. 
 Russell, Nelson G. — Major. 
 Salisbury, Lloyd M.— Sgt. 
 Schenck, Edward J. — Pvt. 
 Schwartzenburg, Edmund R. — Pvt 
 Schwendler, Nicholas J. — Pvt. 
 Scott, Joseph C— Pvt. 
 Sheridan, Harold B.— Pvt. 
 Shone, Walter G.— Pvt. 
 Slaper, Frederick A. — Pvt. 
 Smalling, Hillary G. — Cook. 
 Smith, Herbert A. — Captain. 
 Smyth, Robert M.— Pvt. 
 Stanley, Douglas — Pvt. 
 Steele, Homer G.— Pvt. 
 Steinmiller, Arthur H. — Pvt. 
 Stephen, Walter W.— Pvt. 
 Stewart, John R.— Pvt. 
 Stockman, Frank G. — Pvt. 
 Strite, Raymond A. — Pvt. 
 Storms, Chelsa L. — 1st Lieut. 
 Sullivan, Albert E.— Pvt. 
 Sullivan, John J., Jr. — Pvt. 
 Taylor, George — Pvt. 
 Thompson, Archibald — 1st Lieut. 
 Thomson, George W. — Pvt. 
 Tobin, Thomas— Pvt. 
 Trowbridge, John F. — Pvt. 
 Tubbs, Fred S.— Pvt. 
 Twigg, Philip E.— Sgt. 
 Valente, Herman — Pvt. 
 Valente, James P. — Pvt. 
 Van Valkenburgh, Wm. J. — Sgt. 
 Veale, William F.— Pvt. 
 Vogt, Harry E.— Pvt. 
 Wadsworth, George. 
 Wannenwetsch, Theodore A. — Pvt. 
 Warren, Seth P.— Pvt. 
 Waterhouse, Chas. J. — Pvt. 
 
676 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Watson, Robert J.— Pvt. 
 Webster, Hercules N. — Pvt. 
 Webster, Leo A. — Pvt. 
 Weppner, Howard L. — Sgt. 
 
 BASE HOSPITAL No. 23- 
 
 Whistler, Lawrence V. — Pvt. 
 Wilkes, M. — Secy. 
 Williams, Boyd M.— Pvt. 
 Williamson, Eugene N. — Pvt. 
 
 -Con. 
 
 Wingertszohn, Henry M. — Pvt. 
 Wink, Frank J.— Pvt. 
 Yates, Howard N. — Pvt. 
 Zittel, Harold E.— Pvt. 
 
 BUFFALONIANS IN POLISH ARMY 
 
 Adamczyk, Tomasz. 
 Adamczyk, Wladyslaw. 
 Adamiak, Stanislaw. 
 Adamiak, Wojciech. 
 Alajko, Antoni. 
 Andrzejci, Jan. 
 Apczynski, Szczepan. 
 Arasin, Antoni. 
 Ardasinski, Jan. 
 Baczynski, Adam. 
 Balcerek, Franciszek. 
 Bandura, Franciszek. 
 Baranowski, Franciszek. 
 Baranski, Jozef. 
 Baron, Wojciech. 
 Bartkowski, Alexander. 
 Basztura, Maksymilian. 
 Bednarski, Tomasz. 
 Betka, Andrzej. 
 Bielinski, Stanislaw. 
 Bielski, Wladyslaw. 
 Bieniarz, Karol. 
 Bijak, Jozef. 
 Bilmicki, Jan. 
 Blaszez, Jan. 
 Bogacki, Edmund. 
 Bogdanowicz, Antoni. 
 Bontczkowski, Eladyslaw. 
 Bontkowski, Waclaw. 
 Borkowski, Antoni. 
 Borkowski, Grzegorz. 
 Borkowski, Kazimierz. 
 Borowiak, Kazimierz. 
 Bosek, Jan. 
 Bozek, Jozef. 
 Brach, Eladyslaw. 
 Broniszewski, Wincenty. 
 Brzesinski, Tomasz. 
 Brzostowski, Edward. 
 Buciek, Wojciech. 
 Buczynski, Adam. 
 Bugdal, Szczepan. 
 Bujalski, Franciszek. 
 Bujalski, Jozef. 
 Bukolt, Stanislaw. 
 Bulina, Jan. 
 Bulina, Piotr. 
 Buza, Piotr. 
 Chelniski, Wincenty. 
 Chojnacki, Eladyslaw. 
 Chomicki, Karol. 
 Chrostowski, Feliks. 
 Ciech, Walenty. 
 
 Ciencier, Wojciech. 
 Ciesielski, Jozef. 
 Ciesielski, Wojciech. 
 Cyral, Michal. 
 Cyran, Jan. 
 Czachowski, Maryan. 
 Czapek, Wladyslaw. 
 Czapski, Wincenty. 
 Czarnecki, Franciszek 
 Czekalski, Boleslaw. 
 Czmiel, Franciszek. 
 Czosnek, Josef. 
 Czubak, Jan. 
 Czubnicki, Jakob. 
 Czynny, Jozef. 
 Czyprynski, Alexander. 
 Dabrowski, Jozef. 
 Dabrowski, Kazimierz. 
 Dadziak, Wawrzyniec. 
 Damasiewicz, Stanislaw. 
 Danek, Ludwik. 
 Dec, Antoni. 
 Dega, Stanislaw. 
 Dembowski, Leon. 
 Dobisz, Franciszek. 
 Dolski, Michal. 
 Domachowski, Jan. 
 Domagala, Jan. 
 Domaniewski, Szczepan. 
 Domanski, Michal. 
 Domanski, Wladyslaw. 
 Dorylak, Wojciech. 
 Dragan, Andrzej. 
 Drzystek, Kazimierz. 
 Dudek, Jozef. 
 Dudek, Jozef. 
 Dudek, Jozef. 
 Dulanski, Maciej. 
 Dunal, Franciszek. 
 Dybalski, Jan. 
 Dziedzic, Walenty. 
 Dziewonski, Teodor. 
 Dziminski, Jan. 
 Dziura, Kazimierz. 
 Fabian, Jan. 
 Fabiancik, Jan. 
 Faldrowicz, Maciej. 
 FaldroWicz, Marcin. 
 Felik, Jan. 
 Fiderowicz, Jan. 
 Fiedko, Antoni. 
 Figura, Jan. 
 Filipowicz, Wladyslaw. 
 
 Frak, Tomasz. 
 Frankiewicz, Michal. 
 Fronczak, Wojciech. 
 Gabinek, Albert. 
 Gadowski, Jozef. 
 Galik, Antoni. 
 Gardon, Michal. 
 Gasior, Jozef. 
 Gawron, Wladyslaw. 
 Gawrysiak, Jan. 
 Gemba, Stanislaw. 
 Gezinski, Stanislaw. 
 Gdniewicz, Wincenty. 
 Glabin, Stanislaw. 
 Glazek, Stanislaw. 
 Glogoza, Jozef. 
 Glowacki, Antoni. 
 Gniewecki, Stanislaw. 
 Godzan, Wincenty. 
 Goga, Ignac. 
 Gogola, Jozef. 
 Golabek, Stanislaw. 
 Golabek, Wojciech. 
 Golaszewski, Antoni. 
 Golubiewski, Jan. 
 Goral, Jan. 
 Gozinski, Stanislaw. 
 Grabarek, Stanislaw. 
 Graczyk, Michal. 
 Gradzik, Jan. 
 Granatowicz, Jozef. 
 Greda, Franciszek. 
 Grochowski, Jozef. 
 Grunecki, Stanislaw. 
 Gruz, Alexander. 
 Grygierczyk, Franciszek. 
 Grysinski, Franciszek. 
 Grzankowski, Franciszek. 
 Grzelak, Stanislaw. 
 Grzeszczyk, Stanislaw. 
 Gunikowski, Boleslaw. 
 Gurczynski, Jozef. 
 Gwozdziecki, Jan. 
 Hadam, Wawrzyniec. 
 Haniszewski, Boleslaw. 
 Hapka, Antoni. 
 Hejny, Antoni. 
 Helecki, Ignacy. 
 Helmiak, Stanislaw. 
 Hereta, Pawel. 
 Hernik, Wladyslaw. 
 Horo, Jakob. 
 Hoppe, Witold. 
 
BUFFALONIANS IN POLISH ARMY 
 
 677 
 
 BUFFALONIANS IN POLISH ARMY— CON. 
 
 Hotlos, Jan. 
 Hulnowski, Kazimierz. 
 Jablonski, Juliusz. 
 Jablonski, Stanislaw. 
 Jogodzienski, Franciszek. 
 Jagodzinski, Jozef. 
 Janarek, Jozef. 
 Janczarek, Antoni. 
 Janicki, Roman. 
 Janik, Franciszek. 
 Janiszewski, Wladyslaw. 
 Janski, Zygmunt. 
 Januszewski, Wiktor. 
 Jasinski, Wladyslaw. 
 Jastrzemski, Adam. 
 Jez, Adam. 
 Juga, Walenty. 
 Jurewicz, Serafin. 
 Jurkowski, Wincenty. 
 Juszczak, Jan. 
 Jusko, Jan. 
 Just, Alexander. 
 Kaczmarczyk, Franciszek. 
 Kaczmarczyk, Wojciech. 
 Kaczmarski, Stanislaw. 
 Kaczor, Blazej. 
 Kaczynski, Franciszek. 
 Kaczynski, Stanislaw. 
 Kaldunek, Franciszek. 
 Kalinka, Wojciech. 
 Kalinowski, Wladyslaw. 
 Kantowski, Alexander. 
 Kapsiak, Stanislaw. 
 Karaskiewicz, Teofil. 
 Kargol, Jan. 
 Karlinski, Jan. 
 Katzman, Jozef. 
 Kawecki, Antoni. 
 Kazmierczak, Stanislaw. 
 Kazukiewicz, Antoni. 
 Kedra, Piotr. 
 Kiszka, Jan. 
 Klimek, Ludwik. 
 Klimowicz, Franciszek. 
 Kmieciak, Antoni. 
 Kmieciak, Stanislaw. 
 Kocinski, Michal. 
 Koguc, Jan. 
 Kokotowski, Jakob. 
 Kokoszka, Wojciech. 
 Kolacz, Wojciech. 
 Kolodziejczyk, Franciszek. 
 Komaszewski, Stanislaw. 
 Konieczny, Jozef. 
 Konstanciak, Adam. 
 Kopcinski, Michal. 
 Koprowski, Antoni. 
 Korcz, Tomasz. 
 Kornaszewski, Kazimierz. 
 Kornatowski, Jozef. 
 
 Kosinski, August. 
 Kosinski, Szczepan. 
 Koska, Franciszek. 
 Kot, Jozef. 
 Kowalski, Andrzej. 
 Kowalski, Dominik. 
 Kowalski, Franciszek. 
 Kowalski, Jan. 
 Kowalski, Jozef. 
 Kowalski, Mateusz. 
 Kowalski, Wladyslaw. 
 Kozak, Antoni. 
 Koziel, Edward 
 Koziel, Edward. 
 Koziel, Edward. 
 Koziel, Jan. 
 Koziolek, Alojzy. 
 Kozlowski, Franciszek. 
 Kozlowski, Jan. 
 Kozlowski, Jan. 
 Krakowiak, Antoni. 
 Krausa, Alexander. 
 Krawczyk, Jan. 
 Krawczyk, Kasper. 
 Krawczyk, Nazor. 
 Kreciszewski, Jan. 
 Kregiel, Jozef. 
 Krieger, Karol. 
 Krol, Andrzej. 
 Krol, Antoni. 
 Krol, Jan. 
 Krol, Stanislaw. 
 Krol, Wladyslaw. 
 Kroll, Marcin. 
 Krupka, Stanislaw. 
 Kruszynski, Edward. 
 Krychowiak, Mateusz. 
 Krysiak, Marcin. 
 Krystyniak, Piotr. 
 Krysztofczyk, Ignacy. 
 Krzeszek, Jan. 
 Krzewiec, Stanislaw. 
 Krzyzanowski, Wiktor. 
 Kszak, Jan. 
 Kubicki, Michal. 
 Kubik, Michal. 
 Kuc, Franciszek. 
 Kucieba, Pawel. 
 Kucina, Jan. 
 Kuczynski, Stanislaw. 
 Kukla, Jozef. 
 Kupczyk, Stefan. 
 Kutera, Adam. 
 Kutrowski, Franciszek. 
 Kutrybala, Stefan. 
 Kuziembo, Michal. 
 Kwapisz, Jan. 
 Kwiatkowski, Franciszek. 
 Kwiatkowski, Stanislaw. 
 Kwietniewski. Izydor. 
 
 Labecki, Michal. 
 Lacik, Tomasz. 
 Lapczynski, Edmund. 
 Laszcz, Jozef. 
 Laszkiewicz, Leon. 
 Latka, Franciszek. 
 Lazarz, Jan. 
 Ledwan, Jozef. 
 Ledzian, Jan. 
 Ledzian, Jozef. 
 Ledzian, Szymon. 
 Lemczycki, Andrzej. 
 Lesinski, Wawrzyniec. 
 Lewandowski, Jan. 
 Linkowski, Jan. 
 Lipa, Maciej. 
 Lipiec, Wawrzyniec. 
 Lipinski, Leon. 
 Listerek, Piotr. 
 Lubak, Jan. 
 Lubanski, Julian. 
 Lubecki, Jan. 
 Luczak, Jan. 
 Luczkowski, Feliks. 
 Lukasik, Karol. 
 Lukasik, Mateusz. 
 Maciaz, Wladyslaw. 
 Maciejewski, Wladyslaw. 
 Mackowiak, Franciszek. 
 Madrala, Walenty. 
 Maj, Franciszek. 
 Majczak, Stanislaw. 
 Majka, Jan. 
 Makowski, Jan. 
 Maksymowicz, Wladyslaw. 
 Malecki, Jan. 
 Malecki, Jan. 
 Manko, Wincenty. 
 Mankowski, Jan. 
 Markut, Jan. 
 Maslanka, Stanislaw. 
 Maslowski, Stanislaw. 
 Matuszewski, Jakob. 
 Matysiak, Stanislaw. 
 Mazda, Andrzej. 
 Mazor, Stanislaw. 
 Mazur, Tomasz. 
 Mazurowski, Tomasz. 
 Melant, Karol. 
 Melech, Franciszek. 
 Merta, Antoni. 
 Miaczynski, Stanislaw. 
 Michus, Jan. 
 Migdalski, Walenty. 
 Miluk, Boleslaw. 
 Mirowski, Jozef. 
 Misiakiewicz, Jan. 
 Mistal, Stanislaw. 
 Mlodzianowski, Henryk. 
 Morek, Piotr. 
 
678 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 Mozalewski, Roman. 
 Mozdzek, Jan. 
 Mrowcza, Stanislaw. 
 Mroz, Szymon. 
 Mucha, Jacenty. 
 Mulak, Jozef. 
 Muszynski, Jozef. 
 Mysliwiec, Jan. 
 Nadolski, Walenty. 
 Nagorski, Jozef. 
 Nawojski, Franciszak. 
 NawTocki, Stanislaw. 
 Niciporuk, Antoni. 
 Niec, Jozef. 
 
 Niedbalski, Wladyslaw. 
 Niegel, Antoni. 
 Niemiec, Jozef. 
 Niezgoda, Wojciech. 
 Niznik, Franciszek. 
 Nowacki, Stanislaw. 
 Nowak, Jozef. 
 Nowak, Ludwik. 
 Nowak, Stanislaw. 
 Nowak, Wincenty. 
 Nowakowski, Roman. 
 Nowicki, Bernard. 
 Nowicki, Jozef. 
 Nowinski, Stanislaw. 
 Oczowinski, Wladyslaw. 
 Ogorzaly, Wojciech. 
 Okrzas, Franciszek. 
 Oldziejewski, Kazimierz. 
 Oleksinski, Antoni. 
 Oles, Michal. 
 Opadla, Ignacy. 
 Organisciak, Michal. 
 Osmialek, Jan. 
 Ostrowski, Bronislaw. 
 Paciorkowski, Antoni. 
 Palczynski, Antoni. 
 Palka, Franciszek. 
 Palka, Tomasz. 
 Paner, Waclaw. 
 Papierz, Andrzej. 
 Paryna, Jozef. 
 Parzynski, Jan. 
 Pawlowski, Adam. 
 Pawlowski, Jan. 
 Pelcznski, Jan. 
 Penzol, Adam. 
 Peplowski, Jan. 
 Piantkowski, Andrej. 
 Piatkowski, Andrej. 
 Piesiak, Kasper. 
 Pinderak, Walenty. 
 Pinkowski, Stanislaw. 
 Piotrowski, Michael. 
 Piotrowski, Stanislaw. 
 Pisazewski, Franciszek. 
 Pitucki, Tomasz. 
 
 BUFFALONIANS IN POLISH ARMY 
 Piwowarczyk, Jan. 
 Piwowarczyk, Jozef. 
 Piurecki, Stanislaw. 
 Podgorski, Jan. 
 Podolski, Andrzej. 
 Podolski, Ludwik. 
 Podlecki, Alojzy. 
 Polaski, Wladyslaw. 
 Politowski, Konstanty. 
 Poplawski, Stanislaw. 
 Postek, Waclaw. 
 Prabucki, Franciszek. 
 Prawda, Blazej. 
 Przepiorka, Pawel. 
 Przyzocki, Tomasz. 
 Ptak, Stanislaw. 
 Pysz, Stanislaw. 
 Raczka, Andrezej. 
 Raczko, Jozef. 
 Raczkowski, Jan. 
 Raczynski, Lukasz. 
 Radecki, Leon. 
 Radzikowski, Piotr. 
 Rajkowski, Boleslaw. 
 Raszjmski, Jan. 
 Rechowicz, Antoni. 
 Redlinski, Alexander. 
 Rembisz, Franciszek. 
 Robak, Alexander. 
 Rogalski, Michal. 
 Roldanik, Jozef. 
 Rosewski, Wojciech. 
 Rozmiarek, Stanislaw. 
 Rozwalka, Alexander. 
 Rugala, Jan. 
 Rutkowski, Feliks. 
 Rutkowski, Zygmunt. 
 Rysiak, Jan. 
 Rzewucki, Adam. 
 Sajur, Antoni. 
 Salapski, Wladyslaw. 
 Sarz>Tiski, Jozef. 
 Sawicki, Marcin. 
 Schabek, Franciszek. 
 Schabowski, Jozef. 
 Sciganski, Stanislaw. 
 Senc, Jozef. 
 Serej, Leon. 
 Siembida, Jozef. 
 Siemienkiewicz, Kazimierz. 
 Sierko, Michal. 
 Sindak, Piotr. 
 Sitarski, Jozef. 
 Sito, Antoni. 
 Skalski, Jan. 
 Skoniecki, Jan. 
 Skotnicki, Stanislaw. 
 SkowTonski, Jozef. 
 Skrabucha, Ludwik. 
 Skrzynski, Stanislaw. 
 
 -Con. 
 Skulski, Ludwik. 
 Skuniecki, Wladyslaw. 
 Skurski, Jan. 
 Sliwinski, Wiktor. 
 Slominski, Wincenty. 
 Slonia, Jozef. 
 Sloniszewski, Tadeusz. 
 Sloniszewski, Boleslaw. 
 Smolarek, Michal. 
 Smolarski, Stefan. 
 Smyslowski, Andrzej. 
 Sobczak, Jozef. 
 Sobita, Jan. 
 Sobocinski, Piotr. 
 Sobotka, Maryan. 
 Socha, Franciszek. 
 Spus, Konstanty. 
 Stachera, Jozef. 
 Staniszewski, Wawrzyniec. 
 Starzynski, Karol. 
 Stefanski, Alexander. 
 Stafanski, Michal. 
 Stefanski, Walenty. 
 Stempin, Antoni. 
 Stopinski, Boleslaw. 
 Styczynski, Andrzej. 
 Suchorski, Adam. 
 Sjuda, Jan. 
 Surowiec, Jan. 
 Susko, Antoni. 
 Swiat, Franciszek. 
 Swierk, Jan. 
 Swierzewski, Stanislaw. 
 Swierzynski, Piotr. 
 Swistek, Karol. 
 Switalski, Ignancy. 
 Sygnowski, Jozef. 
 Sylka, Jan. 
 Syrko, Stefan 
 Szadek, Stanislaw. 
 Szczepanski, Jan. 
 Szczepanski, Jan. 
 Szczepanski, Walenty. 
 Szczepankiewicz, Teodor. 
 Szczytkowski, Bernard. 
 Szostek, Karol. 
 Sztaba, Antoni. 
 Szurchan, Franciszek. 
 Szwajda, Jan. 
 Szymanski, Jan. 
 Szymanski, Wiktor. 
 Szymczak, Jozef. 
 Szymula, Stanislaw. 
 Szymula, Wincenty. 
 Szyszko, Andrzej. 
 Taranowicz, Jozef. 
 TarapaczjTiski, Mieczyslaw. 
 Targaszewski, Jozef. 
 Tarnowicz, Konstanty. 
 Tetlak, Marcin. 
 
Red Cross Leaders 
 
 679 
 
 BUFFALONIANS IN POLISH ARMY— Con. 
 
 Tokarski, Michal. 
 Tomaszewski, Jan. 
 Tomczak, Jan. 
 Tomczyk, Wladyslaw. 
 Tomczyk, Franciszek. 
 Torczyk, Jan. 
 Trojanowski, Leon. 
 Tryczynski, Wladyslaw. 
 Tuchewicz, Bronislaw. 
 Tulinski, Ludwik. 
 Turek, Jan 
 Tuznik, Jozef . 
 Twarog, Apolinary. 
 Twarog, Feliks. 
 Tworek, Jozef. 
 Tyczewski, Wladyslaw. 
 Tymurski, Stanislaw. 
 Tyrakowski, Stefan. 
 Ujazda, Tomasz. 
 Urganiak, Jozef. 
 Waclawski, Mikolaj. 
 Walczyk, Ludwik. 
 Walecki, Jan. 
 Walkowiak, Bernard. 
 Wardynski, Zygmunt. 
 Wasilenko, Stefan. 
 Wasilewski, Jozef. 
 Wasilewski, Konstanty. 
 Wawrzyniak, Wojciech. 
 Wegorowski, Jozef. 
 Wegorowskl, Paulin. 
 Wesolowski, Jan. 
 Wesolowski, Jozef. 
 Widzisz, Michal. 
 
 Wiecki, Piotr. 
 Wieczorek, Wladyslaw. 
 Wielczopolski, Jozef. 
 Wielniski, Piotr. 
 Wierzbcki, Jozef. 
 Wikierski, Ludwik. 
 Wilkiel, Jozef. 
 Winiecki, Jakob. 
 Winkler, Edward. 
 Wipiur, Antoni. 
 Wisniewski, Andrzej. 
 Wisniewski, Antoni. 
 Wisniewski, Jozef. 
 Witkowski, Jozef. 
 Wlowinski, Szczesny. 
 Wojciechowski, Jozef. 
 Wojcieszak, Jozef. 
 Wojcieszak, Jozef. 
 Wojcik, Franciszek. 
 Wojkowski, Franciszek. 
 Wojnarowski, Stanislaw. 
 Wojtowicz, Jan. 
 Wolak, Jan. 
 Wolanczyk, Jozef. 
 Wolc, Jan. 
 Woloszyn, Adam. 
 Wronowski, Adam. 
 Wronski, Franciszek. 
 Wronski, Jan. 
 Wrzaskowski, Stanislaw. 
 Wyklinski, Franciszek. 
 Wypych, Feliks. 
 Wyrzewski, Wladyslaw. 
 Wyzrkowski, Stanislaw. 
 
 Wyrzyna, Franciszek. 
 Zabierowski, Jan. 
 Zaboszynski, Jozef. 
 Zadrozny, Pawel. 
 Zagrodnik, Pawel. 
 Zaidel, Marceli. 
 Zaj, Stanislaw. 
 Zajac, Franciszek. 
 Zajac, Michal. 
 Zajac, Stanislaw. 
 Zalewski, Stanislaw. 
 Zamorek, Jozef. 
 Zapalowski, Konstanty. 
 Zaradzki, Jan. 
 Zarzycki, Walenty. 
 Zatara, Jan. 
 Zawadzki, Kazimierz. 
 Zawadzki, Leon. 
 Zawadzki, Mieczyslaw. 
 Zawierucha, Jan. 
 Zawistowski, Alexander. 
 Zbiezak, Jan. 
 Zborowski, Ludwik. 
 Zdankiewicz, Henryk. 
 Zdyb, Karol. 
 Zielinski, Antoni. 
 Ziemba, Wojciech. 
 Zientara, Jozef. 
 Zientarski, Wojciech. 
 Zientkowski, Jozef. 
 Zietkiewicz, Franciszek. 
 Ziolowski, Antoni. 
 Zolnowski, Jozef. 
 Zuchowski, Stanislaw. 
 
 Barnes, Walter H. 
 
 Blanott, Harold E.— Pvt., Driver. 
 
 Bosworth, Harlan P. 
 
 Book, Alexander — Navy Relief So. 
 
 Bothwell, Harris. 
 
 Bryant, William L. 
 
 Chamberlain, John. 
 
 Coatsworth, C. J. 
 
 Dack, Alphonse — Pvt. G July 14, 
 
 1918, Rheims. 
 Deuel, Harro O. — 1st Lieut., 
 
 Greece. 
 Detmers, Walter H. — Camp Lee, 
 
 Va. 
 Frank, Willard C. — Lieut., Driver. 
 
 RED CROSS LEADERS 
 
 OVERSEAS SERVICE 
 
 Glenny, W. Henry. 
 
 Gnozzo, Daniel A. — Sgt. 
 
 Goodyear, C. W. 
 
 Harjis, Norton — Ambulance Unit. 
 
 Hazard, W. C. R. 
 
 How, James. 
 
 Humphries, Lutherland M. — 2d Lt. 
 
 Kellogg, Spencer, Jr. 
 
 Kingston, Douglas P. — Lieut. 
 
 Awarded the Chevalier of the Crown of 
 Rumania for performing hazardous and 
 important work as courier for the Am. 
 Red Cross in the Balkans. Also awarded 
 the French Croix de Guerre for distin- 
 guished service in the war. 
 
 Kirkover, Harry D. 
 Meadows, William G. — Capt. 
 
 McCreary, James B. 
 McGraw, F. Sears, Jr. 
 Mitchell, R. R. 
 Mixer, Knowlton, Sr. 
 Murray, Clifford J. 
 Olmsted, Seymour H. — Lieut. 
 Pelham, Edward — Lieut. 
 
 Awarded the Chevalier of the Crown of 
 Rumania for gallant service for the Red 
 Cross in the Balkans. 
 
 Smith, Henry Oliver. 
 
 Spaulding, E. G. 
 
 Thomson, Arthur E. — Ambulance 
 
 Unit. 
 Watson, Arnold B. 
 Wickwire, J. R. 
 
RED CROSS NURSES 
 
 Allen, Maude A. 
 Allan, JeanMcK. 
 Albon, Pearle M. 
 Achillis, Edith. 
 Artis, Anastasia. 
 Asher, Gertrude E. 
 Ashton, Alice M. 
 
 Augustine, Blanche E. — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 Austin, Anne — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 Austin, Anna L. 
 Bacon, Nellie E. 
 
 Baker, Gladys — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 Baker, Jean A. 
 Balfour, Jessie L. 
 Ballou, Josephine. 
 
 Barr, Mabel— Base Hospiltal No. 23. 
 Batchelder, Eva M. 
 
 Beemer, Mildred J. — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 Bell, Bertha M.— Base Hospital No. 23. 
 Bell, Maud— Base Hospital No. 23. 
 Bensink, Jennie H. 
 Berlis, MonettaM. 
 Birk, Minnie B. 
 
 Bissell, N. Grace— Unit No. 114. 
 Blass, Edna A. 
 
 Blott, Elizabeth J. — 1st Lieut., Canadian Army Medi- 
 cal Corps. 
 Bouwhuis, Clara — Unit No. 93. 
 Borden, Mabel E. 
 Bourgeois, Mary M. 
 Brennan, Mary T. 
 
 Briody, Josephine — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 Bruce, Margaret — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 Buchan, Eva L. 
 
 Caldwell, Mabelle E.— Base Hospital No. 23. 
 Campbell, Margaret B. 
 Campbell, Sara L. — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 Cannon, Minnie J. 
 
 Carney, Evelyn C. — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 Carpenter, Florence L. — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 Casten, Helen M. 
 Caughell, Bess M. 
 Chubbuck, Gertrude R. 
 Clark, Luella J.— Base Hospital No. 23. 
 Claus, Dorothy. 
 Clinch, Frances A. 
 Coleman, Jennie. 
 
 Collins, Helen M. — Base Hospital No. 115, Vichy, Frnc. 
 Conlon, Anna. 
 
 Connelly, Ethel — Replacement Unit No. 3. 
 Connolly, Ethel U. 
 Cooper, Adeline M. 
 Couch, Mary A. 
 
 Coulson, May I. — Base Hospital No. 6. 
 Crawford, Edna M. — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 Crawford, Jean W. — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 Cummer, Sarah R. 
 
 Curovish, Eva G. 
 
 Curran, Katherine. 
 
 Czerwenski, Effie S. 
 
 Daley, Margaret — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 Dane, Augusta — Base Hospital No. 115. 
 
 Damn, Myrtle. 
 
 Dane, Cecelia A. 
 
 Davis, Mildred J. — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 Davis, Orma C. 
 
 Davis, Zelma P. — Base Hospital No. 19, France. 
 
 Delane, Jessie W. 
 
 Devitt, Bertha — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 Dodman, Elma. 
 
 Donaldson, Elizabeth. 
 
 Donovan, Nellie — Base Hospital No.. 23. 
 
 Dudley, Flora I.— Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 Dundas, Loretta M. 
 
 Dunkle, Vera. 
 
 Durant, Wenonah. 
 
 Dustin, Bertha D. 
 
 Dykeman, Nina. 
 
 Elmslie, Agnes G. 
 
 Elsaesser, Elizabeth. 
 
 Emge, Gertrude A. 
 
 Engeland, Mildred — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 Engeland, Mildred. 
 
 Erb, Margaret C. 
 
 Evans, Frances M. — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 Evans, Frances M. 
 
 Farrell, Florence. 
 
 Felber, Leah E. — Army Nurse Corp., U. S. A. General 
 Hospital No. 2. 
 
 Fenwick, M. Eva — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 Fenwick, Mary E. 
 
 Fisher, Agnes L. 
 
 Fromholzer, Leona M. 
 
 Gardiner, Mable L. — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 Geissinger, Estelle. 
 
 Genoud, Cecile M. 
 
 Geyer, Mrs. Alice A. 
 
 Gifford, Nellie K.— (Residence 46 W. 4th Street, Dun- 
 kirk, N.Y.) 
 
 Gilday, Agnes — U. S. Emt. Hospital No. 4. 
 
 Glashener, Katherine M. 
 
 Goldsborough, Ethel. 
 
 Grahamski, Anastasia. 
 
 Graham, Clara I. 
 
 Grant, Cora B. — Replacement Unit No. 1, A. E. F. 
 
 Grantham, M. Charlotte. 
 
 Griffith, Florence M. 
 
 Haas, Alice M. 
 
 Halberg, Selma T. 
 
 Hallett, Hazel E. 
 
 Hamilton, Ada P. — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 Hammer, Lydia. 
 
Red Cross Nurses 
 
 681 
 
 RED CROSS NURSES— Con. 
 
 Hammersmith, Edna B. 
 
 Harr, Irene C. 
 
 Hartrauft, W. 
 
 Haynes, Susanne M. 
 
 Healy, Mary— Corp. DD October 4, 1918, at Camp 
 
 Upton, L. I. 
 Hendry, Fern M. 
 Hehehan, Mary. 
 
 Hennessey, Margaret W. — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 Hewitt, Ann. 
 Hughes, Helen N. 
 
 Hull, Josephine — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 Hutton, Jessie. 
 Jarvis, Janet R. 
 Jehle, Martha J. 
 
 Judson, Claire D. — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 Kelly, Rhoda V. 
 
 Kew, Marie — Base Hospital, Camp Mills. 
 Kinaid, Katherine. 
 Knight, Josephine. 
 Knopf, Mabel M. 
 Lane, Marie E. 
 La Roque, Emma. 
 
 Laurence, Joseph D. — Base Hospital Unit 63. 
 Leeder, Bessie G — U. S. General Hospital, the Bronx, 
 
 New York City. 
 Lillie, Portia H. 
 
 Lipcynski, Helen M. — Unit No. 68. 
 Loder, Margaret. 
 Love, Eleda A. 
 Macfadden, Kate. 
 Macintosh, Mary L. 
 MacKay, Marjorie. 
 Macpherson, Catherine M. 
 Madsen, Louise A. 
 Magee, Berna. 
 
 Mahl, Mary— Base Hospital No. 23. 
 Mason, Mrs. Suzanne H.— U. S. General Hospital, 
 
 Oswego, N. Y. 
 McCabe, Genevieve I. 
 McCleary, Anna. 
 McCombs, Emma L. 
 McCourt, Kathleen. 
 McCrady, Anna— Head of Unit, American Red Cross, 
 
 Base Hospital No. 117. 
 McCrady, Elizabeth M.— Base Hospital, Lyons, France 
 McCready, Grace. 
 McDade, Bessie. 
 
 McDade, Cora— Base Hospital No. 23. 
 McDade, Cora M. 
 
 McDonald, Anna B.— Base Hospital No. 23. 
 McGahey, Rose I. 
 
 Mcintosh, M. Leone— Base Hospital No. 23. 
 McKinnon, Margaret. 
 
 McLaren, Edna L.— Stenographer, Base Hospital No.23 
 McNaughton, Jennie M. — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 McNaughton, Margaret E. 
 Meadows, Helena — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 Meek, Mary A.— Base Hospital No. 23. 
 Mernagh, Anna. 
 
 Millard, Elizabeth J. — Army Nurse Corps, in charge at 
 
 Ft. Wayne and Detroit. 
 Minet, Anna C. — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 Mioducki, Helen E. — Ft. Benjamin Harrison, Maryland 
 Moran, Mary I. 
 Moreland, Margaret. 
 
 Morningstar, Martha — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 Morrison, Martha A. 
 Mugler, Lillian. 
 Muirhead, Eva. 
 Munro, MaryE. 
 
 Munshaw, Kathleen H.— Base Hospital No. 23. 
 Muson, Lucile. 
 
 Murray, Bessie — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 Murray, Bessie S. 
 Nelson, Hilda M. 
 Nicol, Anne E. 
 Nolan, Mary A. 
 
 O'Day, Mary E.— Base Hospital, Camp Jackson, S. C. 
 Odell, Agnes B. 
 Olesen, Beulah C. 
 Olsen, Anna K. 
 Owen, Alice G. 
 Palmer, Jennie McN. 
 Patterson, Mrs. Rhoda C. 
 Penhall, Dorothy M. 
 Phillips, Adelle M. 
 Phillips, Laurie. 
 Pierce, Maude L. 
 Pomeroy, Edith C. — Reconstruction Aide, Camp 
 
 Devens, Mass. 
 Pomeroy, Mildred M. — Army Nurse Corps, Ft. Wayne, 
 
 Detroit, Michigan. 
 Pratt, Frances E. 
 Purdon, Annie B. 
 Raiber, Bessie G. 
 
 Rau, Virginia A. — Naval Hospital, Portsmouth, Va. 
 Redmond, Grace H. 
 Reese, Edna — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 Rinn, Ella M.— Base Hospital No. 23. 
 Rochester, Anna P. — Canteen Worker, Red Cross Serv. 
 Roger, Elizabeth. 
 
 Rooney, Kathryn — Army Nurse Corps. 
 Rose, Mina— Base Hospital No. 23. 
 Rosen, Frank. 
 Ross, Mina. 
 
 Royce, Margaret L. — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 Russell, Alice N. 
 Russell, Florence B. 
 Ryan, Ada M. 
 Ryan, Anastasia. 
 Sage, Elsie M. 
 Sanders, Alice B. 
 Savage, Mary L. 
 Sarge, Elsie. 
 Scheferle, Elvira M. 
 Scherur, Dora — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 Scheuer, Dora. 
 Schluter, Jessie M. 
 Schmid, Carol— Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
682 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 RED 
 
 Smith, Sara P.— Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 Schrantz, Eva K. 
 
 Schumann, Marion G. 
 
 Sibbe, Levina. 
 
 Smith, Florence B. 
 
 Smith, Gertrude A. 
 
 Smith, Minnie. 
 
 Smith, Sara — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 Smith, Tessie. 
 
 Snyder, Emma G. — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 Snyder, Viola L. 
 
 Sparks, Ola. 
 
 Steele, Grace. 
 
 Stephen, Alice E. 
 
 Stephens, Hattie G. 
 
 Stephens, Josephine — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 Stephens, Josephine. 
 
 Stevenson, Mary A. 
 
 Stewart, Mabel B. 
 
 Stortz, Fannie B. 
 
 Strange, Lily H.— Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 Strycher, Margaret. 
 
 Sullivan, Elizabeth M. 
 
 Sunderland, Jessie W. 
 
 Sutton, M. Fayette. 
 
 Swayze, EffieM. 
 
 Switzer, Ada A. — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 Switzer, Isabel L. 
 
 Taft, Nora. 
 
 Thompson, Pearl R. 
 
 CROSS NURSES— Con. 
 
 Towns, Irene E. 
 
 Urquhart, Jessie G. — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 Utley, Nola B. 
 
 Van Campen, Ruth L. — Base Hospital, Camp Lee. 
 
 Van Stone, Edith B.— Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 Van Winkle, Elizabeth. 
 
 Vars, Mary Gertrude. 
 
 Waldorf, Jeanette — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 Walker, Frances M. — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 Wallace, Olive— Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 Walsh, Norinne M. — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 Watson, Martha M. 
 
 Wattam, Mabel C— Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 Weaver, Katherine M. 
 
 Welker, Frances M. — Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 Weisch, Elizabeth L.— Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 Wheeler, Margaret M. 
 
 Wilkes, Miriam B. — Stenographer.Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 Williams, Annie. 
 
 William, Grace F.— Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 Willoughby, Anna H. — (Residence, 40 Columbia Ave., 
 Batavia, N. Y. ) 
 
 Winter, Mary L.— Base Hospital No. 23. 
 
 Wood, Florence. 
 
 Wright, Florence M. 
 
 Young, Florence K. — Army Nurse Corps, U. S. Evacua- 
 tion Hospital No. 1. 
 
 Zieliwski, Antoinette R. 
 
 Zimmerman, Laura. 
 
 Zuchlewski, Francis J. 
 
 BUFFALO DOCTORS COMMISSIONED IN ARMY AND NAVY 
 
 Argus, Francis — Army. 
 Arthurs, G. W. — Army. 
 Babcock, Lloyd K. — Army. 
 Barone, Antonio L. — Army. 
 Barone, Charles J. — Army. 
 Barone, George Cosimo — Army. 
 Barone, Peter J. — Army. 
 Barone, Samuel — Army. 
 Barr, James P. — Army. 
 Bauckus, Herbert H. — Army. 
 Beals, Lynn Staley — Army. 
 Bebee, Edwin L. — Army. 
 Becker, George Adam — Army. 
 Belzer, Lawrence M. — Army. 
 Benedict, A. L. — Army. 
 Betts, Joseph B. — Army. 
 Bixby, Bert J. — Army. 
 Bolton, Plynn M. — Army. 
 Bork, Milton Edward — Army. 
 Bott, William J. — Army. 
 Boyle, Frederick M. — Army. 
 Brady, Bernard H. — Army. 
 Brady, Jno. Cunning — Army. 
 Brennan, Jos. Patrick — Army. 
 Brumberg, David — Army. 
 Brumberg, Joseph — Army. 
 Brundage, Frank E. — Army. 
 
 Buckley, Patrick H. J. — Army. 
 Bukowski, Boleslaus M. — Army. 
 Burke, Jos. P. F. — Army. 
 Burrows, Lorenzo, Jr. — Army. 
 Callahan, Andrew C. — Army. 
 Candee, Pierce J. — Army. 
 Carpenter, Archibald D. — Army. 
 Carr, Cornelius J. — Army. 
 Case, Otis J. — Navy. 
 Chadwick, John G. — Army. 
 Clark, Alfred Hull— Army. 
 Clarke, Elmer A. D. — Army. 
 Clinton, Marshall — Army. 
 Cohen, JuHus Y. — Army. 
 Connors, Thomas William — Army. 
 Cooley, Raymond L. — Army. 
 Cott, Detzon N. — Army. 
 Cott, George Ferd. — Army. 
 Critchlow, George Read — Army. 
 Culbertson, Harold William — Ar. 
 DeCeu, Robert Edward — Army. 
 De Dominicis, Rocco N. — Army 
 Deerey, J. — Army. 
 DeGraff, Ralph M.— Army. 
 DeNiord, Richard N. — Army. 
 Dobbie, Robert P. — Army. 
 Donovan, Timothy F. — Army. 
 
 Dooman, David S. — Army. 
 Duryea, Henry D. — Army. 
 Eaton, Earl Leo — Navy. 
 Eckel, George Joseph — Navy. 
 Edson, Ray Arthur — Army. 
 Ellison, Albert R. — Army. 
 Evans, John Henry — Army. 
 Fairbairn, John F. — Army. 
 Filsinger, Frederick W. — Army. 
 Fischer, Urban A. — Army. 
 Fisher, Roy C. — Army. 
 Flannery, John M. — Army. 
 Fowler, Robert G. — Army. 
 Francis, Lee M. — Army. 
 Frost, Carl G. — Army. 
 Frost, Edward L. — Army. 
 Gallagher, James L. — Army. 
 Gartner, Albert A. — Army. 
 Gaylord, Harvey R. — Army. 
 Geisler, George J. — Army. 
 Gianfrancheschi, Joseph S. — Army. 
 Goldberg, Milton H. — Army. 
 Goldsborough, Francis C. — Army. 
 Goodale, Walter S. — Army. 
 Grabau, John C. — Army. 
 Gram, Irving Franklin — Army. 
 Greinstein, Samuel — Army. 
 
Volunteer Medical Service Corps 
 
 683 
 
 BUFFALO DOCTORS COMMISSIONED IN ARMY AND NAVY— CoN. 
 
 Grotz, John G. — Army. 
 Haley, Francis J. — Army. 
 Hall, George McK. — Army. 
 Hammond, Harry J. — Army. 
 Harrison, Willis — Army. 
 Hauenstein, Barton F. — Army. 
 Heller, Jacob — Army. 
 Hendee, Lawrence — Army. 
 Hensel, Raymond — Army. 
 Hill, William 0.— Army. 
 Hinds, Robert W. — Army. 
 Hoehman, Howard — Army. 
 Hoffman, Charles C. — Navy. 
 Hoffman, Fred S. — Army. 
 Hoffman, Harvey P. — Army. 
 Howland, Jno. D. — Army. 
 Jacobs, William F. — Army. 
 Johnson, Harold B. — Army. 
 Jones, William Harry — Army. 
 Jung, Daniel, Jr. — Army. 
 Kearney, James I. — Army. 
 Kidder, Russell S. — Army. 
 Kiefer, Joseph N. — Army. 
 King, Robert — Army. 
 Klophel, Charles G. B.— Army. 
 Koenig, Edward Charles — Army. 
 Kohlhas, John Joseph — Army. 
 Kruse, Frank — Army. 
 Kujawa, Francis M. — Army. 
 Kummer, Clarence P. — Army. 
 Kurek, Leon S. — Army. 
 LaDuca, Joseph Peter — Army. 
 Lane, Charles W. — Army. 
 Lewis, James H. — Army. 
 Lewis, Joseph S. — Army. 
 Linklater, Eugene R. — Army. 
 Lohnes, Harry R. — Army. 
 Lojacono, Salvator C. — Army. 
 Long, Charles E. — Army. 
 Long, Frank H. — Army. 
 Lormor, Earl H. — Army. 
 Lothrop, Earl P. — Army. 
 
 Lucas, William C. — Army. 
 Ludwig, Howard J. — Army. 
 Lynch, William S. — Army. 
 Lyon, Irving P. — Army. 
 Machemer, Walter L. — Army. 
 MacNaughton, Wallace F. — Army. 
 Mangano, James L. — Army. 
 Mann, Baldwin — Army. 
 May, Herman F. — Army. 
 McCarthy, Arthur E. — Army. 
 McDonald, Harold J. — Army. 
 McDowell, Hugh C. — Army. 
 McGuire, Francis W. — Army. 
 McKee, Otto S.— Army. 
 McKee, Thomas H. — Army. 
 McKenney, Descum C. — Army. 
 McMahon, Michael J. — Army. 
 Meisenbach, Roland O. — Army. 
 Meister, Edward F. — Army. 
 Metzen, John A. — Army. 
 Michel, George P. — Army. 
 Miller, Rudolf C— Army. 
 Moscato, Vincent C. — Army. 
 Murphy, Jerome A. — Army. 
 Nairn, Baron Ross — Army. 
 Nowicki, Joseph A. — Army. 
 Oberkircher, Oscar J. — Army. 
 O'Gorman, Francis M. — Army. 
 Opperman, George M. — Army. 
 Ostrow, William — Army. 
 Palmer, Albert W. — Army. 
 Palmer, Faye H. — Army. 
 Palmer, Frederick William — Army. 
 Panzarella — Army. 
 Patterson, Harold A. — Army. 
 Phillips, William L. — Army. 
 Plummer, William Ward — Army. 
 Potts, Frank Nelson — Army. 
 Powick, Thomas H. — Army. 
 Prior, Leon H. — Army. 
 Reimann, Edmund P. — Army. 
 
 Reu, Leonard — Army. 
 Richter, Julius — Army. 
 Russell, Nelson G. — Army. 
 Sachs, Leo M. — Army. 
 Schaefer, Arthur C. — Army. 
 Schuhr, Harry C. — Army. 
 Schwartz, Frederick L. — Navy. 
 Scibetta, Samuel L. — Army. 
 Sharp, Edward A. — Army. 
 Short, James Edward — Army. 
 Simon, Charles — Army. 
 Smith, Herbert A. — Army. 
 Southall, Edward A. — Army. 
 Sperry, Frederick E. — Army. 
 Stein, Ulysses B. — Army. 
 Stowe, John G. — Army. 
 Strong, Lyman J. — Army. 
 Stygall, James H. — Army. 
 Strozzi, Frederick E. — Army. 
 Sullivan, James C. — Army. 
 Taylor, Robert S. — Army. 
 Thoma, Earl W. — Army. 
 Thompson, Dean O. — Army. 
 Thompson, Myron A. — Army. 
 Tompkins, Carl S. — Army. 
 Traver, Haworth R. — Army. 
 Trudnowski, Joseph F. — Army. 
 Tyrasinski, Victor A. — Army. 
 Vogt, Alfred H. — Army. 
 Wagner, Albert W. — Army. 
 Walz, Frank G. — Army. 
 Watson, John H. — Army. 
 Weed, Harry M. — Army. 
 Wende, G rover W. — Army. 
 Wertz, Carlton E. — Army. 
 Wheeler, David E. — Army. 
 Willard, Frederick B. — Army. 
 Yellen, Hiram S. — Army. 
 Zielinski, Walter — Army. 
 Zimmerman, Joseph J. — Army. 
 Zingsheim, Frederick — Army. 
 
 VOLUNTEER MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS 
 
 Bennett, Alice McL. R. 
 Benzing, Louise D. 
 Breese, Jane. 
 Bruso, Therese R. 
 Bullett, Alice M. 
 Burnside, Eleanor E. 
 Carnivale, Katherine C. 
 Carpenter, Lilly F. 
 Caul, Martha F. 
 Chappell, Nellie V. 
 Croff, Carro Cummings. 
 Davis, Gertrude R. 
 Donk, Rose R. 
 Dort, Elizabeth. 
 
 BUFFALO WOMEN 
 Elmendorf, Grace M. 
 Fowler, Eva G. 
 Frye, Maude J. 
 Greene, Christina M. 
 Griffin, Clara 0. 
 Hatch, Edith R. 
 Heffner, Alice M. 
 Himmelsbach, Jeanette. 
 Hoag, Myrtle A. 
 Ilahi, Baksh, Grace R. M. 
 Kavinoky, Nadina R. 
 Kazmierczak, Mary J. 
 Kelly-Thebaud, Catherine. 
 Kenner, Lucy A. 
 
 Keyes, Regina F. 
 Knapp, Mabel H. 
 Knappenberg, Loretta L. 
 Kihlmann, Helene J. C. 
 Kurtz, Nellie E. 
 Lehnis, Edith N. 
 Lichtenberg, Caroline. 
 Markell, Nathalie K. 
 March, Clara A. 
 Munhall, Katharine S. 
 Olsen-W^oods, Mary. 
 Reinstein, Anna M. 
 Schley, Alice E. 
 Shaver, Grace Joslyn. 
 
684 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 VOLUNTEER MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS— BUFFALO WOMEN— Con. 
 
 Sheldon, Harriet. 
 Sherman, Emma Sebin. 
 Sloan, Mary N. 
 Thebaud, Catherine E. Kelly. 
 
 Trant, Amelia Earle. 
 Urotz, Georgia Cruickshank. 
 Walsh, Anna P. 
 
 Wetmore, Mary B. 
 Wilder, Rose C. 
 Woods, Mary 0. 
 
 YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION 
 
 SECRETARIES 
 
 Allingham, Allison P. — Ft. Winchester, Plymouth, Eng. 
 Bailey, H. Day — Musical and Recreational Work, 
 
 A. E. F., France. 
 Balliett, Carl J. — Entertainment Dept., Paris, France. 
 Bangert, Louis J. — Camp Upton. 
 Bardwell, Ernest G.— 28th Division, A. E. F., France. 
 Becker, Edith W. — Canteen Worker, A. E. F., France. 
 Billings, Rev. W. A. — Religious Work Director, 
 
 A. E. F., France. 
 Bird, Grace E. 
 Bittner, Clarence G. — Physical Director, A. E. F., 
 
 France. 
 Booth, George R.— Canteen Const., A. E. F. 
 Bream, H. C. — Religious Director, Camp Stewart. 
 Briggs, Earle E.— 37th Division, A. E. F. 
 Brothers, Harold J. — A. E. F., France. 
 Brothers, Sydney C. — Mechanic, Chr. and Repairer, 
 
 A. E. F. 
 Brown, George H. — Religious Work, England. 
 Brown, Sheffield — Motor Transport, A. E. F. 
 Brownell, C. M. — 1st and 2d Division, A. E. F., France. 
 Bucklin, Lester P.— Athletic Director, 87th Div., A. E. F. 
 Buffom, Lester C— A. E. F., France. 
 Bundy, Allen J. — Motor Transport, A. E. F., France. 
 Cannon, George S. — Leave Area Work, France. 
 Casey, Angus C. 
 Chase, Jerome B. — Physical Director, Musical and 
 
 Educational Work, A. E. F., France. 
 Clague, Ernest R. 
 
 Clarke, Rev. Thos. B.— ReHgious Work, A. E. F., Eng. 
 Cline, Henry H. — Physical Director, A. E. F. 
 Coe, Walter J. — Camp Hancock, Ga. 
 Colburn, Arthur D. — Warehouse Supt., A. E. F. 
 Cooke, Edward F. — A. E. F., France. 
 Cookson, Rev. Earl E. — Religious Director, A. E. F., 
 
 France. 
 Copeland, H. F. 
 Davis, Edwin F. — Camp Dix. 
 Dempster, Robert L. — Social Secretary, Entertainment, 
 
 with A. E. F., France. 
 DeNoird, Dr. R. S. — All-around work in France. 
 Domedian, H. E. — Ft. Monroe, Va. 
 Duxbury, Rev. Jos. S. — Ft. Dupont, Delaware. 
 Eberoole, J. Scott — Hampton Roads, Va. 
 Engles, George E. — Physical Director, France. 
 Fenner, Charles H. — Special Canteens, A. E. F., France. 
 Fish, Charles B.— 77th Division. 
 
 Fisher, Frederick W. — Motor Transport Div., A. E. F. '■ 
 Foster, Jesse R. — Educational Secy., France. 
 Freeman, Harlan P. 
 Gardner, Ray F. — Camp Lee, Va. 
 
 Goetz, Wm. L. — Assistant Treasurer, Headquarters, 
 
 France. 
 Graves, Rev. Clifford N. M.— A. E. F., France. 
 Green, Charles H. — Mechanical Expert. 
 Greer, Henry H. — Canteen Secretary. 
 Gregory, Rev. Russell — Religious Work, France. 
 Hamilton, Frank — French Army. 
 Hardie, Charles — France and England. 
 Harrington, Smith M. — Camp Crane, Pa. 
 Harrington, Rev. Wm. J. — Religious Work, French Ar 
 Hart, Charles R. — Establishing Huts, France. 
 Hayes, Dr. Harold A. — Romsey Hants, England. 
 Held, Edward B.— Camp Lee, Va. 
 Henshaw, Harry G. — Camp Meade, Maryland. 
 Houseal, Edw. B. — Physical Director, A. E. F., France. 
 Hudson, Harry F. — Const. Dept., Clairmont, France. 
 Hudson, Matthew J. — Troyles. 
 Hutchinson, Arthur E. — Merchandise Secretary, Brest, 
 
 France. 
 Jenny, Arnold E. — Camp Wadsworth, S. C. 
 Jerge, Joseph H. — Canteen Assistant, A. E. F., France. 
 Jewett, Rev. John T. — Canteen Work, A. E. F., France. 
 Jones, George R. — Monte Carlo, France. 
 Jones, Rev. John T. — Assistant Secy., England. 
 Johnson, Walter H. — Entertainment Dept., Paris. 
 Jury, Arthur F. — Ft. McPherson, Ga. 
 Kiess, Oscar M. — Assistant Secy., A. E. F., France. 
 Korda, Wladislaus— A. E. F. 
 Lawrence, Wm. H. — Business and Financial Secretary, 
 
 Paris. 
 Leonard, Katherine M. 
 Leslie, Ernest W. — Camp Wadsworth, S. C. 
 Lewis, Rev. George R. — Camp Englewood, N. Y. 
 Lindemann, Fred F. — A. E. F. 
 
 Lytle, Willis M. — Athletic Director, A. E. F., France. 
 Maddock, Walter P.— 92d Division, A. E. F., France. 
 Maier, Guy S. — All-around work in France. 
 Mangan, John J. — 2d Division, France. 
 Mark, W. Earle — 2d Division, France. 
 Mattice, John J. — Storeroom Clerk, A. E. F., France. 
 Mayer, R. C. 
 McCrady, Alexander A.— Capt. of Y. M. C. A. Unit. 
 
 Awarded the Italian Cross. 
 
 Means, Andrew B. — Assistant Warehouse Secretary, 
 
 A. E. F., France. 
 Meredith, Sullivan A. — Paris. 
 Merritt, Aaron R. — Assistant Canteen Worker, A. E. F. 
 
 France. 
 Meyers, Frederick H., Jr. — Camp Humphreys. 
 Miller, Rev. Harris — Camp Meade. 
 Mills, Richard J. — Auto Driver, A. E. F., France. 
 
Salvation Army— K. of C. — Jewish Welfare Workers 
 
 685 
 
 YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION— Con. 
 
 Mott, Charles E. — Relief and Entertaining Work, Italy. 
 
 Mould, Charles F. — Physical Director, A. E. F., France. 
 
 O'Connor, W. F.— A. E. F. 
 
 Orton, Harold C— Ft. Dupont. 
 
 Pac, Michael M.— Pvt., Army Y. M. C. A., Aberdeen 
 
 Proving Grounds. 
 Parker, Earl N.— Ft. Niagara, N. Y. 
 Patton, Henry T. — Division Supt. of Const., France. 
 Pfeiffer, Burton E. — Paris, France. 
 Pierce, Ward J. — Assistant Canteen Worker, A. E. F. 
 Piatt, George A.— Auto Driver, A. E. F. 
 Pritchard, A. E.— A. E. F., France. 
 Rand, George F., Jr.— A. E. F. 
 Reed, William R.— A. E. F., France. 
 Rowland, Richard H.— A. E. F. 
 Schreve, Richard — A. E. F., France. 
 
 Cited for bravery. 
 
 Sharp, Edward P.— Aviation Field, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 Shields, James K. — Damon Field, Babylon, N. Y. 
 Sikes, George R. — 1st Division, A. E. F. 
 
 -Camp Lee, Va. 
 
 -Supplies and Trans., A. E. F. G. 
 
 Stanley, William H.- 
 
 Stenberg, Andrew J.- 
 July, 1918. 
 
 Stone, Arthur M. — Assistant Secretary, A. E. F. 
 
 Tower, Willard 0. — Assistant Secretary, A. E. F. 
 
 Trick, Ralph L.— Musical Director, A. E. F. 
 
 Turner, Edward W. — Physical Director, England. 
 
 Vanderburg, David — Training Sta., San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 Varley, William C. — Manager of Hotels, Paris area. 
 
 Volkmar, George R. — Camp Meade, Md. 
 
 Waggoner, Harry W. — Physical Dir., A. E. F., France. 
 
 Waters, William L. — Hut Secretary, A. E. F., France. 
 
 Watkins, Frank A. — Canteen and Recreational Work, 
 France. 
 
 Watson, Eben P. — Navy Branch, Y. M. C. A., Greece. 
 
 Weightman, W. W. — Educational Dept., Paris. 
 
 Wilgus, Leonard W. — Supt. Warehouse, 33d Division. 
 
 Wilson, Rev. Howard M. — Educational and Recrea- 
 tional Secretary, A. E. F., France. 
 
 Zink, Albert H. — 42d (Rainbow) Division. 
 
 SALVATION ARMY 
 
 BUFFALO WORKERS 
 
 Barker, W. S. — Col., Salvation Army. In command 
 of all Salvation Army work with A. E. F. 
 
 Carmichael, Christina — Salvation Army Service Club, 
 New York City. 
 
 Crawford, Earl — Salvation Army worker overseas. 
 
 Hoag, Oscar — Major. Salvation Army Service Club, 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Hyde, Walter — Salvation Army worker overseas. 
 
 Mclntyre, Irene — Salvation Army Worker overseas. 
 
 Received French Medal for war work in France. 
 
 Mclntyre, Gladys — Salvation Army Worker overseas. 
 
 Received French Medal for war work in France. 
 
 Mclntyre, W. A. — Col. Salv'n Army Worker overseas. 
 
 Rose, Mrs. — Capt. Salvation Army Service Club, New 
 
 York City. 
 Rose, Mr. — Capt. Salvation Army Service Club, New 
 
 York City. 
 Seller, Fred W., Jr. — Salvation Army Service Club, New 
 
 York City. 
 Stewart, Ethel M. — Salvation Army Service Club, New 
 
 York City. 
 White, Edwy, Sr. — Brigadier, Divisional Commander 
 
 Salvation Army in France. 
 White, Edwy, Jr. — Capt. Salvation Army Worker in 
 
 France. 
 
 Borozicz, (Prof.) Stanley— A. E. F. 
 Foley, John J. — A. E. F., France. 
 Grogan, Hugh V. — A. E. F., France. 
 Hammar, Thomas E. — A. E. F., France 
 Lamothe, George T. — A. E. F., France. 
 
 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS 
 
 SECRETARIES 
 France. 
 
 Versso, Joe — A. E. F., France. 
 Whiston, Wm. E.— A. E. F., France. 
 Schimmell, Geo. H. — A. E. F., France. 
 Dion, Walter G.— A. E. F., France. 
 
 Belinson, Benjamin. 
 Freedman, Max. 
 Friedson, Richard. 
 Goldberg, Abraham. 
 
 JEWISH WELFARE WORKERS 
 
 SECRETARIES 
 
 Goldberg, Miles. 
 Harris, Benjamin. 
 Rosen, Leo. 
 Ruben, Jacob. 
 
 Singerman, William. 
 Yellen, Jack. 
 Zackheim, I. 
 
686 
 
 Buffalo's Part in the World War 
 
 VOLUNTEERS IN U. S. TELEPHONE SERVICE 
 
 Allen, Delia M.— Tel. Operator. 
 Bitterman, Katharyn F. — Superv. 
 Brinker, Leda — Operator. 
 Byrne, Julia — Operator. 
 Callahan, Nellie — Operator. 
 Clody, Aileen A. — Supervisor. 
 Cramer, Clara M. — Operator. 
 Dickinson, Mildred C. — Operator. 
 Dils, Leanna — Operator. 
 Douglas, Jessie — Operator. 
 Flanigan, Bessie M. — Operator. 
 Foley, Anne — Operator. 
 Foley, Marguerite G. — Operator. 
 Gates, Edith M. — Operator. 
 Hobbins, Alice — Operator. 
 Horn, Louise — Operator. 
 Humphrey, Anna — Supervisor. 
 
 Huth, Alice — Operator. 
 Johanns, Henrietta E. — Clerk. 
 Kelly, Ellen M. — Operator. 
 Kinary, Agnes M. — Operator. 
 Kirchmeyer, Loretta — Supervisor. 
 Knoll, Emma — Operator. 
 McConnell, Louise B. — Operator. 
 McDermott, Gertrude H. — Opr. 
 McGirr, Coletta — Operator. 
 Mantley, Augusta — Operator. 
 Marschka, Clara — Operator. 
 Mehs, Margaret — Operator. 
 Meidenbauer, Margaret E. — Opr. 
 Metcalfe, Ellen — Operator. 
 Murphy, Caroline K. — Operator. 
 Newell, Merne — Supervisor. 
 
 Nold, Cecile C. — Operator. 
 Otto, Helen — Operator. 
 Percy, Ruth C. — Operator. 
 Reisig, Florence W. — Operator. 
 Ryan, Alice M. — Operator. 
 Ryan, Elizabeth — Operator. 
 Schwabe, Katherine — Operator. 
 Sickler, Esther — Operator. 
 Steinbrenner, Bertha M. — Oper. 
 Townsend, Florence I. — Operator. 
 Toysy, Frances — Operator. 
 Walsh, Agnes V. — Operator. 
 Weber, Florence — Operator. 
 Welsh, Winifred — Operator. 
 Wethy, Katharyn M. — Supervisor. 
 Zimmerman, Lorraine — Operator. 
 
ERIE COUNTY'S SERVICE ROSTER 
 
 ALDEN 
 
 Gold Star Men 
 
 Bass, Elmer— Pvt., Co. K, 108th Infantry. DD Spartanburg. 
 
 Hake, Walter— Pvt., Co. G, 13th Infantry. KA. 
 
 Hodge, Henry— Pvt., Battery E, 305th Field Artillery. DD February 20, 1919, Base Hospital. 
 
 Staebell, Wm. J.— Pvt., Co. M, 309th Infantry. KA Aug. 1918, Marne. 
 
 Allen, Arthur. 
 
 Allen, George W.— Pvt., 306th Infantry. 
 
 Allen, Grover C. — Medical Corps, 48th Infantry. 
 
 Ambrose, Joseph A. 
 
 Beckman, Robert J.— Pvt., Battery C, 106th F. A. 
 
 Betzold, John A. 
 
 Breyer, Eugene B. — Military Police. 
 
 Breyer, Frank J. — Base Hospital. 
 
 Byron, Arthur W. — Major, Assistant General Superin- 
 tendent Motor Power. 
 
 Byron, Robert J. — 1st Lieut. 
 
 Buzack, John. 
 
 Cartright, Malcom. 
 
 Caughey, Robert L. 
 
 Chase, Clarence N.— 1st Sgt., Co. I, 161st Infantry. 
 
 Chelins, Albert J.— Medical Corps, 106th F. A. 
 
 Connors, John. 
 
 Cooper, Ray C. 
 
 Curphey, Clayton A. — Pvt., Motor Truck Corps. 
 
 Chittenden, L. P.— Lieut., 339th Machine Shop Truck 
 Unit. 
 
 Donnigan, Clarke E.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Durkee, Claude O. 
 
 Duttweiler, Earl W. — Sgt., 2d Co., Quartermaster C. 
 
 Duttweiler, Louis I., Pvt., Co. L, 103d Infantry. WA 
 July 18, 1918, France. 
 
 Eastland, Arthur J. — Ist-class Pvt., Base Hospital. 
 
 Eckert, George— Pvt., 311th Infantry. 
 
 Eckert, Matthew — Naval Tr'g Station, Newport, R. I. 
 
 Eggleston, Carl F.— Orderly, U. S. S. "New York." 
 
 Fess, LeRoy. 
 
 Fox, Henry. 
 
 Funke, Carl E. 
 
 Gipple, Warren L.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Gowmski, Michael F. — Pvt. 
 
 Hake, Walter A. 
 
 Havens, Harold L.— Pvt., Co. B, 108th Infantry. WA 
 September 29, 1918, Hindenburg line. 
 
 Hiam, William L. 
 
 Hodge, William— Pvt., 307th Regiment. 
 
 Hutchinson, William P. — Capt., Ordnance Dept. 
 
 Kenline, Fred — Pvt., Fort Constitution. 
 
 Kieffer, Henry J.— Pvt., 19th Co., 5th Battalion. 
 
 Kocher, Otto— Pvt., 308th Infantry. 
 
 Kowalchuk, Nicholas. 
 
 Kuhn, Howard J. 
 
 Layer, Arthur J. 
 
 Lee, Frank M.— Pvt., Co. B, 120th Machine Gun Battn. 
 
 G July, 1918, Chateau-Thierry. 
 Lee, James F. — Corp., 172d Aero Squadron. 
 Lefort, Edwin P.— 306th Infantry. 
 Lynch, Myron G.— Pvt., Co. D, 346th Infantry. 
 McCarthy, Daniel J.— Pvt., Co. C, 12th Am. Train. 
 McCarthy, John C— Pvt., Co. L, 345th Infantry. 
 McCarthy, Justin P. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Andros- 
 
 coggen," Coast Guard. 
 Martin, William. 
 May, Clarence J. 
 
 Miller, Albert — 166th Depot Brigade. 
 Morford, Howard W. — Corp., Co. L, 7th Infantry. WA 
 
 June 20, 1918, France. 
 Pautler, C. Alfred— Corp. 
 Pautler, Charles A. 
 Pautler, Mathias L. 
 Phillips, Leo D. 
 Reback, Alex. 
 Reed, Oscar E. 
 Reed, Robert A. — Corp. 
 Reuss, Frederick W. 
 Roll, Albert C— 5th Battalion. 
 Rudio, Albert. 
 
 Sandmann, George — Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry. 
 Schenck, Edward J. — Pvt., Base Hospital 23. 
 Schenck, Frank. 
 
 Smith, Walter J.— Pvt., Battery E, 334th F. A. 
 Snyder, Norman T. — 2d-class Seaman, Navy, Logan 
 
 Rifle Range. 
 Stage, Harry M. — Pvt., Hospital Corps, U. S. Naval 
 
 Operating Base. 
 Thomas, William H. — Capt., Sanitary Corps. 
 Thornton, Roland. 
 Vendette, Frank. 
 
 Vine, William F.— 308th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 Wagatha, Albert. 
 
 Wagatha, Frank— Pvt., 287th Aero Squadron. 
 Wagatha, Leo— Pvt., Supply Co., 126th Infantry. 
 Wahl, Harold W.— Ordnance Sgt., 114th Depot. 
 Wegst, John. 
 Weitman, Oscar. 
 Wellmon, Robert. 
 
 Wheaton, Orlo D.— 1st Sgt., Headq'rs Co., 108th Inf. 
 Whitney, Frank R. 
 
688 
 
 Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 AMHERST 
 
 Gold Star Men 
 
 Abt, Albert C— 326th Infantry. KA. 
 
 Gristmaker, Raymond — Pvt., Co. A, 311th Infantry. KA October 31, 1918, Argonne. 
 
 Gross, George L. — 9th Trench Mortar Battery. DD, Gordon. 
 
 Halm, Charles N. — 347th Infantry. DW. 
 
 LUTZ, John — Pvt., 108th Field Artillery. KA, France. 
 
 Lamm, George F. — Pvt., 7th Infantry. KA. 
 
 Acuff, Lloyd C. 
 
 Adcox, George H. 
 
 Aherne, Michael 
 
 Albert, A. C. 
 
 Albert, Frank. 
 
 Allenbach, Harry. 
 
 AUespach, Walter L. 
 
 Baker, Cecil. 
 
 Baker, Willard C. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Bartholemew, George. 
 
 Bates, Fred.— U. S. Navy. 
 
 Baumgartner, Henry C. 
 
 Beach, Stanley L. 
 
 Bealer, Fred. 
 
 Bernbeck, Frank C. 
 
 Binner, Hubert. 
 
 Berryman, Herbert. — 106th Field Artillery. 
 
 Bitterman, Arthur. 
 
 Bitterman, Lawrence. 
 
 Blank, Clarence V. 
 
 Blouch, Leroy. 
 
 Blouch, Oscar E. 
 
 Braunschidle, Edw. — U. S. Navy. 
 
 Braunschidle, Leo. — U. S. Navy. 
 
 Breitenbach, Louis J. 
 
 Brenner, Emil. 
 
 Bretts, Salvatore. 
 
 Brunner, Elmer. 
 
 Brunner, Roy J. 
 
 Brunner, Theodore. 
 
 Brunner, Willis. 
 
 Bull, Walter — Base Hospital. 
 
 Burgasser, Joseph — 106th Field Artillery. 
 
 Burkhardt, Howard H.— Capt., Bat. A, 106th F. A. 
 
 Burkhardt, Norman H. 
 
 Campbell, James. 
 
 Campbell, James R. 
 
 Chassin, Norman— S. A. T. C. 
 
 Collins, Frederic. 
 
 Conn, Robert— 106th Field Artillery. 
 
 Capen, Harold E. — 37th Company, Engineers. 
 
 Crittenden, Walter— 106th Field Artillery. 
 
 Crosby, Henry W. 
 
 Daigler, Amandus. 
 
 Daigler, Norman. 
 
 Daniel, Albert L. 
 
 Daniel, George. 
 
 Daniel, Hubert. 
 
 Daniel, Leo E. 
 
 Daniel, Raymond E. 
 
 Daniels, John L. 
 
 Donius, Alvin E. — U. S. Marine Corps. 
 Donner, Philip. 
 Donner, Walter. 
 
 Duke, Angelo — Pvt., 6th Trench Mortar Battery. 
 Dunston, Clarence E. 
 Ehrman, Hubert. 
 Eichinger, Louis. 
 Ess, Norman. 
 Esthimer, James. 
 Farner, Allie. 
 Fiegel, Walter. 
 Feider, John C. 
 Fell, James. 
 Fiegel, Walter. 
 Fischer, Albert J. 
 Fischer, Anthony — Base Hospital. 
 Fish, John I. 
 Fish, Robert H. 
 Fish, Hamilton P. 
 Fleischmann, Geo. A. 
 Flynn, Joseph A. 
 Fortkort, Arthur L. 
 Gaitrell, Perciel. 
 Gebhardt, Elmer. 
 Gerber, Anthony. 
 Gristmaker, Albert W. 
 Gristmaker, Edward. 
 
 Grove, Nelson J. — Student's Army Training Corps. 
 Guerdat, Earl V. 
 Halby, Fred W. 
 
 Hamlin, Chauncey J. — Capt., 106th Field Artillery 
 Hanel, Henry. 
 Hanel, Jacob. 
 
 Hanel, Leon L. — Officer's Training Camp. 
 Hanel, Peter. 
 Hartel, William. 
 
 Hartman, Charles — 108th Infantry. 
 Hecker, Frederick. 
 Hehr, Charles. 
 Heim, Frank. 
 Hengel, Edward. 
 Herberger, Joseph. 
 Herman, Albert J., Jr. 
 
 Herman, Raymond C. — Capt., 303d Training Head- 
 quarters. 
 Herrman, Leo B. 
 
 Heusinger, Nicholas — 108th Infantry. 
 Hibschweiler, Charles. 
 Higgins, Thomas. 
 
Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 689 
 
 AMHERST-^CoN. 
 
 Hirsch, Andrew. 
 
 Hoffman, Russell L. 
 
 Horey, Bert. 
 
 Horey, Roy. 
 
 Hosmer, Roy — 108th Infantry. 
 
 Hosmer, Russell — Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Hovey, Bert. 
 
 Huver, H. B. — Capt., Medical Corps. 
 
 Jaehn, Fred C. 
 
 Jenkins, William— 106th Field Artillery. 
 
 Karl, Alphonse— 106th Field Artillery. 
 
 Kibler, Darwin. 
 
 Kibler, Hiram. 
 
 Kieber, Fred— 106th Field Artillery. 
 
 Kissinger, Elmer F. 
 
 Klein, Albert. ^ ^^ 
 
 Klein, William J. ""'' 
 
 Kleindinst, G. H. 
 
 Klute, Alice — Nurse, Red Cross. 
 
 Klute, Frederick W. 
 
 Kolb, Jacob D. 
 
 Krantz, Albert. 
 
 Krantz, Jacob F. 
 
 Krieb, Edwin. 
 
 Landel, Arthur E. 
 
 Landel, Herman E. 
 
 Lange, Carl — Navy. 
 
 Lange, Ed. J. — Lieut., Air Service. 
 
 Lange, Oscar — Navy. 
 
 Lauer, Charles. 
 
 Leiderhouse, Raymond. 
 
 Leising, Frank P. 
 
 Leising, Lawrence. 
 
 Leising, Leo N. 
 
 Leons, Eugene. 
 
 Lewke, John. 
 
 Lippke, George C. 
 
 Lippki, Walter. 
 
 Liskoff, George— 106th Field Artillery. 
 
 Long, Harry D. 
 
 Long, John R. — Student's Army Training Corps. 
 
 Luchterhand, August. 
 
 Lutz, .John E.— 106th Field Artillery. 
 
 Lux, Albert. 
 
 Lyman, Stanley. 
 
 Maurer, Clarence. 
 
 Maving, Elmer H. 
 
 McCulloch, Fred J. 
 
 Merrill, Edward K. 
 
 Messing, John. 
 
 Metz, Norman W. 
 
 Metzinger, Albert. 
 
 Metzinger, Eugene. 
 
 Miller, Arthur G. 
 
 Miller, Edward. 
 
 Miller, Elmer D. 
 
 Miller, Fred. 
 
 Miller, Leander. 
 
 Miller, Warren D. 
 
 Miller, William. 
 
 Monroy, Jose G. 
 Montgomery, Lucius. 
 Moran, Joseph. 
 
 Morley, Arthur L. — U. S. Navy. 
 Moulin, Albert A. 
 
 Mrowka, Stanley— 106th Field Artillery. 
 Muck, Edwin W. 
 Muegel, Louis — U. S. Navy. 
 Muth, Karl— U. S. Navy. 
 Niederlander, Adolph G. 
 Neiderlander, Daniel B. 
 Nss, Norman. 
 Ottney, Leon. 
 Ouchie, Alvin E. 
 Paschke, George. 
 Phillips, Vincent J. 
 
 Powers, Charles P.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. M, 306th In- 
 fantry. 
 Quinn, Martin L., Jr. 
 Randolph, John E. 
 Ritchie, James. 
 Robinson, Melvin H. 
 Rochford, Sidney. 
 Rondinelli, Giuseppe. 
 Rosa, Phillip, Jr. 
 
 Rummell, Edward— 106th Field Artillery. 
 Sauter, Joseph. 
 Sauter, Michael. 
 Schnackenburg, Fred C. 
 Schoelles, Austin. 
 Schoelles, Albert. 
 Schoelles, Cyrus P. 
 Schoelles, Edward. 
 Schoelles, J. A. 
 
 Schohl, William F.— Capt., 106th Field Artillery. 
 Schroeder, Horace. 
 Schueckler, Theodore J. 
 Schultz, John. 
 Schuster, Alvin J. 
 Scrace, Albert. 
 Scrace, George. 
 Seitz, Leon C. 
 Senardera, Frank. 
 Shank, Irving. 
 Smith, Joseph, Jr. 
 
 Snyder, Phillip J. — Student's Army Training Corps. 
 Stadler, Edward. 
 Stafford, Albert. 
 Stahl, Alvin. 
 Staley, Albert G. 
 Stecher, Ben E. 
 Steinbrenner, Allen. 
 Steinbrenner, Clarence W. 
 Steinbrenner, Leslie A. 
 Stimm, Howard. 
 Stevenson, Roder W. 
 Stoll, Arthur C. 
 Stuewe, John E. 
 Sturges, Roy E. 
 Symons, Alfred— Pvt., 106th Field Artillery. 
 
690 
 
 Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 AMHERST— Con. 
 
 Symons, James.. 
 
 Taylor, Harry E. 
 
 Tedesco, Tomaso. 
 
 Thompson, William J — U. S. Navy. 
 
 Tong, Arthur F. — U. S. Marine Corps. 
 
 Tremaine, Dewitt. 
 
 Tremaine, F. O. 
 
 Vine, Milton — Student's Army Training Corps. 
 
 Wagatha, Edward F. 
 
 Wagatha, George C. 
 
 Wagner, George. 
 
 Weber, Jacob. 
 
 Weber, Peter.— 108th Infantry. 
 
 Weigel, Frank J. 
 
 Weigel, John J. 
 
 Weigel, Joseph. 
 
 Wetsel, Frank M., Jr. 
 
 Wetzel, Charles— 106th Field Artillery. 
 
 Wik, Howard G. 
 
 Wiltberger, Leo. 
 
 Witmer, John. 
 
 Witnauer, Leo P. 
 
 Wohlers, Warren — U. S. Navy. 
 
 Yehle, Aloysius J. 
 
 Zeisz, Joseph J. 
 
 Zeitz, George. 
 
 Zent, Edward G., Jr. 
 
 AURORA 
 
 Gold Star Men 
 Bann, Frederick W.— Pvt., Co. L, 108th Infantry, KA September 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line. 
 Clark, William — KA June 10, 1918, France. 
 
 Clay, Arthur R.— Sgt., Co. D, 309th Infantry. KA October 14, 1918, Grand Pre. 
 Clough, Chas. L. — Corp., 6th Regiment U. S. Marine Corps. KA October 31, 1918, Argonne. 
 Ernst, Lawrence F.— Pvt., 67th Co., 5th Regiment U. S. Marine Corps. KA June 14, 1918, Belleau Wood. 
 EvERS, Harry T. — Student's Army Training Corps. DD October 16, 1918, Ann Arbor. 
 Gra\'es, Charles — S. S. DD September 28, 1918, Camp Dix. 
 
 Kriedeman, Louis E. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. D, 108th Infantry. KA September 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line. 
 Kuchenbeisser, William— Pvt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. KA October 16, 1918, Grand Pre. 
 MacMillan, Archibald— Sgt., Air Service. Died February 19, 1919. 
 
 McCreary, Donald K— Pvt., 96th Co., 6th Regiment U. S. Marine Corps. KA July 19, 1918, Soissons. 
 McMillan, Nelson L — DD October, 1918, Camp Funston. 
 SCHURR, Alton— Pvt., Co. E, 328th Infantry. KA October 9, 1918, Argonne. 
 ScHURR, Ralph — Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry. KA September 28, 1918, Argonne. 
 Stillinger, Roland H.— Pvt. Co. E, 304th Field Artillery. KA September 9, 1918. Bazoches. 
 
 Abbott, Harvey— Sgt., 50th Co. Med. Dept. Amb. 
 Adams, Orvel M. — Ist-class Sgt. Engineers. 
 Addington, Harry Hale — Seaman, Receiving Ship. 
 Andrews, Andrew R., Jr., Pvt., Co. A, 2d Border 
 
 Regt., British Ex. Forces. 
 Arnholt, Ralph C— Pvt., 343d Machine Gun Battalion. 
 Back, Charles. 
 
 Baetzhold, Charles L. — U. S. Marine Corps. 
 Bailey, Oliver Everett— Pvt., Co. K., 311th Infantry. 
 Baker, Davis Squire. 
 
 Baker, Harold, Jr. — Corp., 2d Air Service Regiment. 
 Baker, James H. — Pvt., Hospital Corps 
 Ballou, B. Josephine — Nurse, Red Cross.. 
 Balthasar, Floyd Jacob — Mechanical, 14th First Army 
 
 Replacement Depot. 
 Balthasar, Victor H. — Pvt., Headq'rs, 55th Pioneerr. 
 Barber, George W. 
 
 Barnum, Niles F. — Pvt., 65th Marines Guard. 
 Barry, Lawrence J. — Bugler, U. S. S. "Tuscarora." 
 Bauer, Arnold George. 
 Bayliss, William Jones. 
 
 Beckwith, Daniel E.— Pvt., Battalion F, 106th F. A. 
 Beckwith, Franklin E.— Cook, Co. L., 309th Infantry. 
 Beebe, Clayton W.— Sgt., 478th Engineers. 
 Beebe, Harry C— Sgt., Supply, 327th Infantry. 
 
 -Ist-class Pvt., Medical, 9th Ammu- 
 
 'Black Arrow." 
 306th Infantry. 
 
 , 55th Pioneers. 
 
 Bronoto, Samuel 
 
 Bogert, John W. 
 nition Train. 
 
 Bork, William J. — Lieut., Jr. Grade, 
 
 Borg, Fred G. — Wagoner, Supply Co., 
 WA November 2, 1918, Argonne. 
 
 Bowen, Emmons R. — Musician, Hdqrs 
 
 Bowen, Harold 0. 
 
 Bown, William Edward — Lieut., Motor Transport Sup- 
 ply 409. 
 
 Brydon, Robert H.— Sgt., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Buflfum, John Sayles— Pvt., Battery B, 304th F. A. 
 
 Bush, Walter S. 
 
 Campbell, Allen W. 
 
 Case, Clifford H. 
 
 Case, Harold R.— 311th Infantry. 
 
 Champion, John L. G.— Pvt., 43d Co., U. S. M. C, 5th. 
 WA June 12, 1918, Belleau Wood. 
 
 Chase, Raymond S. — Pvt., 462d Aviation Squadron. 
 
 Chilheiser, Robert J. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Clapp, William M.— Sgt., Headquarters Troop, 78th D. 
 
 Clay, Harold J. — Students' Army Training Corps, 
 (Hamilton). 
 
 Cleary, William Chemical Warfare. 
 
 Cole, Arthur H.— Pvt., 210th Co., U. S. M. C. 
 
Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 691 
 
 AURORA— Con. 
 
 Conrad, Eugene W. — Chief Machinist, Great Lakes. 
 Cooper, Henry M. 
 
 Corah, Leslie E. — Corp., 866th Aero Squadron. 
 Crook, Sandford R. — Radio Operator, U. S. S. "Cray- 
 craft." 
 Crosser, Collender — Sapper, Canadian E. F. 
 Cushman, Stewart A.— 2d Lieut., Air Service. 
 Danner, Carl F.— Capt., 306th F. S. B. 
 Davidson, Elmer S. 
 Davidson, James William. 
 
 De Barie, Dominick— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. 
 Denz, Fred F. — Pvt., 301st Motor Transport Corps. 
 Denz, Terrence R. — Pvt., 2d Motor Mechanics. 
 Di Borie, Dominick. 
 Digangi, Joseph. 
 Dodge, Adrian L. 
 Donnor, Edwin A.— Pvt., Co. C, 102d Engineers. WA. 
 
 September 29, 1918, St. Souplet, France. 
 Doster, Nelson A. Miles — Chief Petty Officer, Great 
 
 Lakes, U. S. N. R. F. 
 Doty, Asa L. — Sgt., Motor Mechanics. 
 Drosendahl, Clarence J. — Pvt., 303d Aux. Remount. 
 Drosendahl, WilHam, Jr.— Pvt., Battery E, 304th F. A. 
 Du Bois, Robert Elwin— Pvt., Co. F, 148th Infantry. 
 
 WA September 29th, France. 
 Dunning, Robert A. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Durick, Edward T. 
 
 Eaton, Roy Clarence— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Edwards, Allen E. — Ist-class Storekeeper, U. S. S. 
 
 "Laub." 
 Ehrenberg, Albert L.— Mech., Co. C, 309th Inf. 
 Eldridge, Barry. 
 
 Eley, Albert B.— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C, (Ithaca). 
 Eskine, Albert R. — Capt., 62d Engineers. 
 Ess, Arthur Joseph. 
 
 Ess, Floyd— Corp., Battery E, 304th Field Artillery. 
 Evers, Harry T. 
 Fessler, Philip. 
 Flynn, John. 
 
 Fox, Sylvester R.— Pvt., Co. F, 306th Infantry. 
 Fox, Wilson V.— Petty Officer, U. S. Naval Air Force. 
 Freeman, Lawrence S. — S. A. T. C. 
 Fritz, John I.— Chief Mechanic, Battery B, 106th F. A. 
 Fritz, Philo— Corp., Troop B, 14th Cavalry. 
 Fullington, Clarence R.— Pvt., 84th Co., 6th Regt. U. 
 
 S. M. C. WA June 6, 1918, Chateau Thierry. 
 Gardner, Ray F.— Sec, Y. M. C. A. 
 George, Cornelius J. 
 Gerken, Laurence C. 
 
 Gerstung, LeRoy — 2d Lieut., Sanitary Corps. 
 Gerwitz, Gerard Frank — Co. L. 311th Infantry. 
 Gilbert, Frank J.— Pvt., 304th Field Artillery. 
 Godfrey, Ashley J. — Navy. 
 Gregory, Russell S.— Secy., Y. M. C. A. 
 Griffin, Albert H. — Pvt., Quartermaster Co. 
 Griffin, George Truman — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 WA October 6, 1917, Soissons. 
 Grisham, Francis R. 
 Haefner, Henry. 
 Hagelberger, Allison — Artillery, 1st Division. 
 
 Hanavan, Maurice S. — 2d Lieut., Motor Transport 
 
 Corps 681. 
 Harris, Gordon C— Sgt., S. A. T. C. 
 Harris, Stuart D. — Ist-class Pvt., Headquarters Co., 
 
 309th Infantry. 
 Haskell, Allen Ira. 
 
 Haskell, Roy N.— Corp., 307th Supply Train. 
 Hawthorne, Elbert— Sgt., S. A. T. C. 
 Haynes, Howard A. — Navy 
 
 Heaps, Arthur — Pvt., 77th Division Headquarters. 
 Hendry, Fern M. — Nurse, Red Cross. 
 Henshaw, Harry G.— Secy, Y. M. C. A. 
 Henaman, Sherman S. — Corp., Co. A, 2d Supply Train. 
 Hockreiter, John B.— Pvt., 304th Field Artillery. 
 Hoeft, Roger — Pvt., 7th First Army Replacement Dept 
 Hoffower, William. 
 
 Holmes, Thomas H.— Corp., Co. E, 328th Infantry. 
 Howliston, George M. — Pvt., Co. C, 74th Engineers. 
 Hunter, Raymond V. — Ensign. 
 Jamila, Danny. 
 
 Jerge, Alvin J. — Corp., 408th Motor Transport Corps. 
 Jerge, Herman, Jr. — Pvt., Co. I, 13th Marines. 
 Jentoft, Lawrence H. — U. S. S. "Newport." 
 Johnson, H. L. — Major, Ordnance Department. 
 Jones, Bayliss W.— Pvt., Co. H, 310th Infantry. 
 Jones, J. T., Rev.— Secy, Y. M. C. A. 
 Jones, Robert B.— Corp., 106th Field Artillery. 
 Juenker, Joseph A. — Corp., Co. B, 147th Infantry. 
 Kaelin, Charles S. — Capt., Arsenal. 
 Kallin, Charles G. 
 
 Karn, Frederick — Pvt., Co. D, 52d Canadian Ex. Force. 
 Kingston, Joseph E.— Ist-class Pvt., 106th Field Art. 
 Kipp, Karl — Pvt., Central Officers' Training School. 
 Klein, Julius — Capt., Medical. 
 Klocke, Frederick William. 
 Knights, J. Otis — Chief Q. M., Naval Aviation. 
 Koch, John George— Pvt., Co. E, 164th Infantry. 
 Kranz, Karl Wilhelm — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Lathrop, Albert— Pvt., Supply, 305th Infantry. 
 Lathrop, Emery — Corp., Battery A, 77th F. A. 
 Lathrop, Harry— Pvt., Co. A, 308th Infantry. 
 Lewis, Frederick C. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Logel, Charles Peter— Pvt., M. G. Co., 306th Infantry. 
 Longacker, Duane Sill — Pvt., 4th Co., 99th Division. 
 Loveland, George W. 
 Loveland, Henry B. 
 
 Lupton, Harris R. — Pvt., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 Maul, Edward G. 
 
 McCreary, Robert D. — 1st Lieut., Air Service. 
 McDonald, Peter J. 
 Menter, Michael A. — Great Lakes. 
 Merritt, Aaron R.— Y. M. C. A. 
 Miller, Albert W.— Mechanic, Co. I, 39th Infantry. 
 Minderler, Emil — Pvt., Machine Gun, 311th Infantry. 
 Minkel, Eugene N.— Sgt., Co. C, 308th Machine Gun B. 
 Moore, Frank H. — 1st Lieut., 53d Pioneer Infantry. 
 Nelson, George A. 
 
 Newell, Earl L.— Ist-class Electrician, U. S. N. R. F. 
 Nye, Wilbur A. — Cook, Army Service Corps. 
 Orlante, Charles. 
 
692 
 
 Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 AURORA— Con. 
 
 Paul, Wortley B.— Corp., 311th Infantry. 
 
 Paul, Charles M.— Pvt., U. S. S. "Stillwater." 
 
 Peek.SanfordC. — Ist-class Sgt., Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Perry, Charles W.— Mechanic, U. S. S. "Celtic." 
 
 Persons, Albert H.— 2d Lieut., Troop F., 13th Cavalry. 
 
 Persons, Henry Z. — 1st Lieut., Motor Transport. 
 
 Persons, Robert H. — Ensign, "Mongolia" 
 
 Persons, Hobart L.— Ist-class Sgt., Co. E. ,403d Tel. Bat. 
 
 Poate, Ernest M. 
 
 Prentice, Clarence C. — 2d Lieut., Ordnance Dept. 
 
 Rabenna, Charles— Pvt., Bat. E, 342d Field Artillery. 
 
 Ragan, Vincent. 
 
 Ramen, Walter— Pvt., 4th Co. 
 
 Reeves, William E.— Mechanic, Co. G., 89th. 
 
 Regan, Charles J. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. H., 23d Engr's. 
 
 Regan, Vernon L. — Aviation Machinist, 116th Aero 
 
 Squadron. 
 Roberts, Lloyd S.— Pvt., Co. L, 305th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 29, 1918, Argonne. 
 Rogers, Albert — Pvt., 101st Trench Mortar Battery. 
 Roes, Albert C— Pvt., Co. A, S. A. T. C, (Canisius). 
 Rogers, Albert. 
 Rogers, William. 
 
 Rose, John S. — U. S. Marine Corps. 
 Russell, George F. — Student's Army Training Corps. 
 Ruttan, Walter H. — Corp., Air Service. 
 Solem, Olaf S. 
 Schlichtel, Allen F. 
 Schultze, John C. — Capt. Artillery. 
 Schulze, Walter William— Pvt., Hdq. Co.,311th Inf. 
 Schuman, Marion G. — Nurse, Red Cross. 
 Schurr, Orrin.- Pvt., 108th Infantry. 
 Seeger, Albert J. 
 Siebert, Frank W.— Pvt., Headquarters, 304th F. A. 
 
 Silk, Edward Peter— Pvt., Headquarters, 304th F. A. 
 
 Sly, Leslie W. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Smith, Lawrence H. — Capt., Medical Corps. 
 
 Snyder, Harry J. 
 
 Spaulding, John S. — 2d Lieut., Air Service. 
 
 Spaulding, Lawrence Sidney — Pvt., Bat. D, 78th F.A. 
 
 Spaulding, Earl W. 
 
 Sprague, Daniel McMann, Mechanic, Co. K, 311th 
 
 Infantry. WA October 29, 1918, Argonne. 
 Stewart, William C. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Stilke, Edward. 
 
 Strauss, Matthew — Pvt., 56th Co., Marines. 
 Streng, Herbert H. — Flight Officer, Naval Aviation. 
 Tanner, Paul — 1st Lieut., Ordnance Dept. 
 Thines, Nicholas— Pvt., Bat. E, 304th Field Artillery. 
 Thorwirth, Fred W.— Ist-class Pvt., Bat. E, 304th F.A. 
 Unverdorf, Henry W. — Ist-class Pvt., U. S. Guards. 
 Vogt, Lloyd E.— Pvt., Headquarters, 304th F. A. 
 Voigt, Christian P.— Sgt., Co. M, 307th Infantry. 
 Volk, Arthur W.— Sgt., Co. G, 328th Infantry. 
 Weber, Emil F. — Pvt., Machine Gun, 61st Infantry. 
 Welty, Robert F. — Transport Service. 
 White, Joseph T.— Pvt., 139th Aero Squadron. 
 Whiting, John L. — Ist-class Sgt., Army Trans. Service. 
 Whiting, Walter A.— Corp., 309th Infantry. 
 Whittemore, Arthur W. — Pvt., 31st Coast Artillery. 
 Whittemore, Frank G. — Chief Machinist's Mate, N. A.S. 
 Whittemore, Kenneth S. — 1st Lieut., 49th Infantry. 
 Wilday, Ceylon A. 
 
 Williams, Jack— Co. L, 311th Inf. WA Sept., Argonne. 
 Wilson, Floyd A. 
 
 Willson, George A. — Chief Quartermaster, Aviation. 
 Wolfle, Lee A. — 1st Lieut., Headquarters, 309th Inf. 
 Zapf, Wallace G. — Sgt. Aviation. 
 
 r'^BOSTON 
 
 Armbruster, Leon W. — Cook, 311th Machine Gun Bn. 
 
 Gary, Howard E.— Ist-class Pvt., 255th Co., 14th S. T. 
 
 Drake, Clifford A. — Sgt., Band, 55th Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Drescher, Raymond J. 
 
 Dye, Burnell J.— Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Follman, Earl C— Pvt., 1st Prov. Supply Co. 
 
 Fuchs, Frederick L. 
 
 Fullman, Earl. 
 
 Hodgson, Frank. 
 
 Hund, Albert — Pvt., 9th Ammunition Train. 
 
 Julius, Edward — Corp., Co. A, 24th Engineers. 
 
 Koelmel, Glenn J.— Pvt., Co. A, 306th Machine Gun B. 
 
 Kreitzbender, Albert J.— Pvt., 83d Co., 6th Regiment 
 U. S. M. C. WA July 19, 1918, Soissons. 
 
 Kummer, Clarence F. — Pvt., Motor Truck Corps. 
 
 May, Joseph J.— Pvt., Co. M, 307th Infantry. WA. 
 September 15, 1918, France. 
 
 Owen, Robert J. 
 
 Pfarner, Leroy C— Pvt., Co. A, 343d Battalion Tank C. 
 
 Rucker, Michael J.— Pvt., 47th Co., 153d Depot Brig. 
 
 Schibertowski, Anthony. 
 
 Toms, Harry P. — Pvt., Chemical War Service. 
 
 Umber, Fred G. 
 
 Weber, Frank X.— Pvt., 383d Battalion Tank Corps. 
 
 BRANT 
 
 Gold Star Men 
 Grundkowski, Max — Corp., Co. C, 58th Infantry. WA August 6, 1918, France. 
 TiMMERMAN, HERMAN T. — Pvt., Co. L, 7th Infantry. KA, France. 
 
 Beams, Harold B. — 2d Class Seaman, 13th Reg't, Co. C. 
 Briggs, Harold — Ist-class Pvt., Headquarters Co., 
 
 336th Field Artillery. WA October, 1918, Metz. 
 Briggs, Howard— Sgt., Co. M, 74th Regiment. 
 
 Briggs, John — Wagoner, Supply Co., 309th Infantry. 
 
 WA August, 1918, St. Mihiel. 
 Briggs, Lawrence P. — Cook, 311th Ambulance Co. WA 
 
 August and October, 1918, St. Mihiel and Argonne. 
 
Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 693 
 
 BRANT — Con. 
 
 Briggs, William — Pvt., Co. M, 74th Regiment. 
 
 Briggs, Walter H.— Pvt., Co. A, 111th Infantry. WA 
 September 17, 1918, France. 
 
 Bruno, Prime. 
 
 Carr, Glenn S.— Pvt., Battery B, 310th Field Artillery. 
 
 Carr, Guy D.— Ist-class Pvt., 303d Aux. Remt. Depot. 
 
 Chambers, George — Pvt., Co. I, 11th Regiment. 
 
 Clark, Howard C— Pvt., Co. E, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Cook, Arthur C— Pvt., 45th Co., 12th Bn. 153d D. B. 
 
 Dimartino, Luigo. — Pvt., Utility Detachment, Q.M.C. 
 
 Durwar, Gordon — Mechanic, Battery D, 106th F. A. 
 
 Ellis, Anthony— 1st Sgt., Co. M, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Giarriatano, Angelo — Pvt., Q. L., Camp Forrest, Ga. 
 
 Goldsmith, HerberL. — Dis., Camp Dix. 
 
 Gugino, Thomas — Ist-class Pvt., 2d Co., Air Service. 
 
 Guleno, Joseph. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Comfort." 
 
 Hainer, Harlan— Pvt., Co. A, 108th Infantry. 
 
 Hainer, Walter— Pvt., Co. D, 108th Infantry. WA 
 September 29, 1918, St. Quentin. 
 
 Hammond, Stanley G. — Sgt., Co. K, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Hanmann, Henry J. — 224th Military Police. WA No- 
 vember 3, 1917, France. 
 
 Hoth, William C— Sgt., Co. M, 309th Infantry. DD. 
 December 11, 1917, Camp Dix. 
 
 Juhl, Charles, Jr.— Pvt., Co. A, 304th Machine Gun Bn. 
 
 Kamens, Frederick A. 
 
 Kinderman, Martin A. 
 
 Kreger, Claude M. — Sgt., 26th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Lima, Sam. 
 
 Long, William F.— Pvt., Co. H, 305th Infantry 
 
 Luongo, Nicholas — Pvt. 
 
 Mclntyre, Chauncey W. — Lieut., U. S. Infantry. 
 
 Miller, Harry. 
 
 Muscatto, Tony C. — 304th Machine Gun. 
 
 Nelson, Arthur — Pvt., 1st Engineers. 
 
 Norblum, Louis L. — Pvt., 361st Aero Squadron. 
 
 Odell, Clarence— 7th Regiment, Battery C, F. A. 
 
 Paul, Clarence L.— Ist-class Pvt., Battery D, 106th F. A. 
 
 Paul, Frederick J.— Sgt., Battery F, 304th F. A. 
 
 Paul, Herbert S.— Pvt., Battery B, 304th Field Artillery. 
 
 Pitrotto, Jacob— Pvt., Co. C, 17th Regiment. 
 
 Pultz, Harry F.— Pvt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. WA. 
 
 September 24, 1918, France. 
 Schrader, Alfred W.— Corp., Co. L, 309th Infantry. 
 Sisson, Howell F. — Pvt., Air Service. 
 Sicurella, Alfonso — Pvt., 306th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 Smith, Frank— Pvt., Co. K, 311th Infantry. 
 Smith, Louis J.— Pvt., Co. F, 11th Reg't, U. S. M. C. 
 Tataro, Carl S.— Cook, Co. L, 302d Infantry. 
 Vacanti, Charles — Pvt., 5th Ammunition Train. 
 Valucca, Joseph — Ist-class Pvt., Co. K, 311th Infantry. 
 Villa, Anthony— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry. 
 Villa, Nicholas J.— Corp., Co. K, 326th Infantry. WA. 
 
 France. 
 Voss, Herman A. E.— Pvt., Co. L, 305th Infantry. 
 Walker, Burt S. — 2d-class Seaman, Seaman Guard. 
 Walters, Lynn E. — Squadron E, 229th Aero Squadron. 
 Winters, Louis. 
 Nerthling, Arnold— Sgt., Co. C, 308th Battalion Tank 
 
 Corps. 
 Williams, Reid A.— Ist-class Seaman, U.S.S." DeKalb." 
 Wooster, Wheelock W.— S. A. T. C. 
 
 CHEEKTOWAGA 
 
 Gold Star Men 
 
 Andres, John— Pvt., Co. B, 309th Machine Gun Battalion. KA October 5, 1918, St. Mihiel. 
 
 Duly, John R.— Pvt. 316th Machine Gun Battalion. KA October 5, 1918, France. 
 
 Geier, Harvey H.— Sgt., Headquarters Co., 108th Infantry. KA September 30, 1918,Hindenburg Line. 
 
 HOERNER, Jacob J.— Pvt., Co. I, 103d Infantry. DD October 19, 1918, France. 
 
 HOLTZ, John W.— Pvt., 66th Co., 5th Regiment, U. S. M. C. KA, France. 
 
 Klaffka, John C— Pvt., Co. K, 306th Infantry. KA September 28, 1918, Argonne. 
 
 Latzer, Wendelin — Pvt., Co. M, 327th Infantry. DD November 29, 1917, Camp Gordon, Ga. 
 
 Racinowski, Stanley — Pvt., U. S. M. C. KA November 2, 1918, France. 
 
 SzYDLOWSKi, Matthew— Pvt., Co. M, 306th Infantry. KA October 26, 1918, Grand Pre. 
 
 Achard, Emil. 
 
 Achard, Eugene. 
 
 Achman, John — Pvt., Co. B, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Adams, Amos. 
 
 Andrzejewski, Stephen — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 14th 
 
 Regiment. 
 Angielcyk, Stanislaus. 
 Angielski, John S. 
 Anken, George. 
 Anken, John. 
 Babkiewcz, Peter. 
 Baker, Leslie. 
 
 Barlow, William— Corp., Co. L, 311th Infantry. 
 Barnhardt, Edward. 
 
 Barrasca, Gennaro. 
 
 Barrett, Arthur. 
 
 Bartnowiak, Leo. 
 
 Bates, Fred H. 
 
 Bauer, Frank— Co. E, 612th Infantry. 
 
 Bauer, Herman. 
 
 Bechmann, Charles T.— Co. L, 13th Reg. U. S. M. C. 
 
 Becker, Chester — Watertender, U. S. S. "Arkansas." 
 
 Beimler, Norman. 
 
 Benson, Irving W. 
 
 Benzel, William. 
 
 Bernal, Leo. 
 
 Bianchi, Joseph G. 
 
 Bielemewicz, John. 
 
694 
 
 Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 CHEEKTOWAGA— Con. 
 
 Bober, Casper. 
 
 Bogacki, Joseph A. 
 
 Boiler, Anthony J. 
 
 Bradley, Patrick J. 
 
 Brzezicki, John M. 
 
 Bucher, George H. 
 
 Cartemuto, Michael. 
 
 Coffta, Stanley. 
 
 Conklin, James. 
 
 Corter, Frank. 
 
 Culler, George E. 
 
 Cuzzo, Joseph. 
 
 Cwiklinski, John. 
 
 Dachs, Arm. Alois — Supply Co., 311th Infantry. 
 
 Daigler, Anthony G. 
 
 Dawidowicz, John. 
 
 Dobbins, Thomas P. 
 
 Dobbins, Michael — Naval Reserve. 
 
 Dobrosz, Theodore. 
 
 Draszkiewicz, John. 
 
 Drennan, Stanley A. 
 
 Duly, Richard H. 
 
 DuVernell, Joseph. 
 
 Earsing, Mathew M. 
 
 Ehragott, Frank A. 
 
 English, Joseph C. 
 
 English, Pierce W. 
 
 Ermonis, Alfred E. 
 
 Facemo, Michael. 
 
 Farrell, Ernest J. 
 
 Feldmeyer, Michael. 
 
 Fernbach, Joseph G. — Captain, Medical Corps. 
 
 Finegan, George L. 
 
 Frank, Howard. 
 
 Fredericks, Frank P. 
 
 Fronkowick, Louis. 
 
 Gangloff, Leo P. 
 
 Garneret, Chester C. 
 
 Giancobble, Donato. 
 
 Glair, William F. 
 
 Glowicki, Leo J.— Ist-class Pvt., Battery C, 106th F. A. 
 
 Godfrey, James P. 
 
 Golota, Albert K. 
 
 Gordfrey, Horace H. 
 
 Gould, Richard J. 
 
 Grabowski, Stephen. 
 
 Grabowski, William. 
 
 Green, Warner D.— Pvt., Battery A, 304th F. A. 
 
 Groth, Anthony— 333d Battalion, Tank Corps. 
 
 Groth, Arthur A. 
 
 Guenther, John A. 
 
 Gullgynski, Stanley. 
 
 Gyros, Frank. 
 
 Haen, John J. 
 
 Hahn, Albert J. 
 
 Hahn, John. 
 
 Haniszewski, Bernard. 
 
 Harnick, Arthur A. 
 
 Hartung, Harry T. 
 
 Hoerner, Jacob J. 
 
 Hoffman, Frank — Corp., Battery C, 27th Field Artillery 
 
 Holmer, Francis G. 
 
 Holslag, Henry— Pvt., Co. M, 327th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Octobers, 1918, France. 
 Hondzinski, Julius. 
 Hubbard, Charles. 
 
 Hummel, John F.— Pvt., Co. B, 345th Infantry. 
 Hunt, James — Cook, U. S. S. "Oregon." Injured at sea, 
 
 June 7, 1918. 
 Jackson, Louis. 
 Jarembeck, Frank W. 
 Jarembeck, Julius. 
 Jaruszewski, John. 
 Jaroszynski, John — U. S. Navy. 
 Jarzombek, Julius — Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 Jaskolski. 
 
 Jaskowiak, Michael. 
 Johnson, David. 
 Johnson, Robert. 
 Justynski, Constanty. 
 Kaminski, Louis. 
 
 Kastmier, Alfred S. — Pvt., Co. B, 59th Pioneer Infantry 
 Keller, William. 
 Kembrowski, John J. 
 
 Kern, Fred.— Pvt., Battery D, 106th Field Artillery. 
 Kershaw, John. 
 Kersten, Julius R. 
 Kersten, William A. 
 
 Klaffka, Millard T.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 76th Inf. 
 Klein, Fred J.— Pvt., 19th Co., 20th Engineers. 
 Klein, Fred J. 
 Klein, George. 
 Klein, William J. 
 Kless, Mathew. 
 
 Kless, Walter S.— Pvt., Co. C, 13th Engineers. 
 Knoski, Waclow. 
 Koenig, Herbert. 
 Kohlbrenner, Conrad. 
 Kopankiewicz, Edmund. 
 Kotlowski, Wladyslaw. 
 
 Kozminsk, Joseph — Pvt., Troop F, 11th U. S. Cavalry. 
 Kozminski, John — Sailor, U. S. S. "Hancock." 
 Kraft, Clarence J.— Corp., U. S. M. C. 
 Kraft, Rudolph J.— Ist-class Pvt., 16th Bafn., 153d D.B. 
 Krajewski, Frank J.— Pvt., 304th Field Artillery. 
 Kranz, Joseph F. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Krellner, Joseph W. — Ist-class Pvt., Medical Corps. 
 Kuhn, Anthony, Jr. 
 Kuhn, Joseph E. 
 Kwiatkowski, Ignatius. 
 Lakomski, John H. 
 Lakomski, Stanislaus. 
 Lalley, Francis L. 
 Lance, George. 
 Latzar, Wendelin. 
 Latzer, Leo B. — Pvt., Co. A, 6th Anti Aircraft Machine 
 
 Gun Battalion. 
 Lembicz, Bruno. 
 Lembicz, Michael. 
 Link, Charles— Pvt., Battery B, 106th Field Artillery. 
 
Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 695 
 
 CHEEK TO WAG A— Con. 
 
 Llpka, Joseph— Pvt., Battery D, 106th Field Artillery. 
 
 Lockhart, James E. 
 
 Logan, Wallace F. 
 
 Long, Raymond R.— Pvt., 77th Co., 304th Regiment. 
 
 Lucas, Peter— Pvt., Battery D, 106th Field Artillery. 
 
 WA October 15, 1918, Argonne Forest. 
 Ludwig, Edward. 
 
 Lutz, Joseph B. — Corp., Co. I, 306th Infantry. 
 Lutz, William J. — Ist-class Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Lux, Albert. 
 Lyle, Leonard. 
 Lyszej, Lawrence. 
 Macadola, John. 
 Mages, John. 
 
 Mages — Corp., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 Majchrzak, Frank W. 
 Majchrzak, Valentine. 
 Malanowicz, Joseph. 
 Malanowicz, Stanley B. 
 Mallozzi, Antonio. 
 Mansius, Charles H. 
 
 Markowski, Stephen J. — Ist-class Pvt., 346th Infantry. 
 Martin, Cecil E. Pvt., Co. C, U. S. A. T. D. 
 Martin, Stanley W. 
 Maruda, Jan. 
 Marzano, Berto. 
 Maurer, John. 
 Mayer, Joseph J. 
 Meinzer, Albert F. 
 Meloch, Wladyslaw. 
 Memsall, Stephen. 
 Michalak, Wladyslaw. 
 Michalski, Frank. 
 Mieszkalski, Stanislaus. 
 Milbrod, Andrew. 
 Milbrod, Edward. 
 Miller, Albert. 
 Miller, Carl F. 
 Miller, Stephen. 
 Mischka, George. 
 Mohn, Leo. 
 Mrowka, Stanley. 
 Mueller, Bernhardt. 
 Myers, Raymond A. 
 Nagel, Andrew. 
 Napierala, Ignatius. 
 
 Napierala, John F.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 Neal, Edward. 
 Neibert, George J. 
 Niemczal, Anthony J. 
 Norton, Edward J. 
 O'Brien, Joseph F. 
 Olencki, John. 
 
 Ostrowski, Leo J. — Pvt., Co. C, 2d Engineers. 
 Panfel, John J.— Pvt., Battery D, 304th Field Artillery. 
 Paradowski, John. 
 Paradowski, Joseph C. 
 Parker, John M. 
 Pawlak, Van. 
 Pawlowski, Anthony. 
 
 Pawlowski, Clement. 
 
 Peinkofer, Alois — Chief Mechanic, Co. G, 9th Am. Trn. 
 
 Pelloth, John. 
 
 Petre, Howard G. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Spray." 
 
 Piekarski, Ladislaw. 
 
 Piekarski, Walter — Corp., 7th Infantry. WA October 
 10, 1918, France. 
 
 Pietrzak, Frank E.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. F, 346th Inf. 
 
 Pietrzak, Steve F.— Pvt., Co. F, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Plewa, August. 
 
 Pogorzelski, Stanley. 
 
 Prizel, George. 
 
 Prueiecki, Walter. 
 
 Pullman, Michael F. 
 
 Punturiero, Frank. 
 
 RaHcki, Alexander— Pvt., 113th Co., 19th Engineers. 
 
 Rapins, Louis. 
 
 Reeb, Joseph L.— Sgt., Co. B, 326th Engineers. WA 
 October 13, 1918, France. 
 
 Reeb, Lucian F. — Pvt., Co. D, 9th Ammunition Train. 
 
 Reeb, Thomas — Ist-class Pvt., Co. C, 14th Battalion, 
 U. S. Guards. 
 
 Reinstein, Victor. 
 
 Roach, Adam J. 
 
 Roach, Joseph. 
 
 Robinson, Walter. 
 
 Robinson, William. 
 
 Roebling, Joseph A. — Pvt., 11th Co., November Re- 
 placement Camp. 
 
 Roebling, Joseph. 
 
 Rohm, Leo — Pvt., Co. A, 312th Ammunition Train. 
 
 Rohr, Harry J.— Pvt., 305th Infantry. 
 
 Roland, Joe J. 
 
 Rotajcak. 
 
 Roth, Peter G. 
 
 Rubach, Stephen. 
 
 Ruhland, Alois. 
 
 Ryan, James— Pvt., Co. B, 303d. 
 
 Sahr, Otto W. 
 
 Salvatore, Frederic. 
 
 Saskowski, Frank. 
 
 Schafer, August G. 
 
 Schafer, Howard. 
 
 Schmerbach, Adolf— Pvt., Battery C, 27th F. A. 
 
 Schmerbach, Hugo Wm. — Pvt., Co. A, 36th Infantry. 
 
 Schmidt, Walter — 502d Engineers. 
 
 Schoening, Edw. H. 
 
 Schulenberg, Albert J. 
 
 Schultz, Benjamin. 
 
 Schwartz, Robert C. 
 
 Seege, Henry— Ist-class Pvt., Battery B, 336th F. A. 
 
 Seege, Walter- -Ist-class Pvt., Co. B, Medical Detach. 
 
 Seitz, Frederick V.— Pvt., Battery B, 36th F. A. 
 
 Seitz, John F.— Ist-class Pvt., Battery C, 47th F. A. 
 
 Shorka, John. 
 
 Skierski, Stanley. 
 
 Skrypczak, John. 
 
 Skrzyczak, William. 
 
 Skubinski, Stephen. 
 
 Soboto, Paul. 
 
696 
 
 Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 CHEEKTOWAGA — Con. 
 
 Stiegler, Elmer— Pvt., Battery M, 106th Field Artillery. 
 
 Stock, John H., Jr. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Stradtman, Arthur. 
 
 Strebel, Andrew— 2d Lieut., 13th Tr'g Bat. Trans. 
 
 Sugg, Edward. 
 
 Sugg, John. 
 
 Sugg, Louis. 
 
 Swaciak, Frank. 
 
 Swiniarski, Michael A. — 2d-class Engineers, U.S. Navy. 
 
 Szulc, Bronislaus — Pvt., 311th Infantry. WA August 
 
 28, 1918, France. 
 Szymanski, Anthony — Wagoner, Co. C, 312th Am. Tr. 
 Szymanski, Stanley — Pvt., Co. C, 158th Infantry. 
 Szymanski, Valentine W.— Pvt., Co. M, 348th Infantry. 
 Tepe, Eugene A. 
 Trell, John H. 
 Tresselt, Henry. 
 
 Unger, .John — Pvt., Co. C, 302d Ammunition Train. 
 Unger, Walter— Pvt., Co. B, 59th Pioneers. 
 Urban, Raymond. 
 Urban, William P. 
 Vandecamp, John. 
 
 Veltri, Nicholas— Pvt., 109th Co., 19th Trans. 
 Viapino, Cosmo. 
 Vine, George. 
 
 Voelker, Louis L. — 480th Co., Motor Transport. 
 Voght, Roy— Pvt., Co. B, 22d Infantry. 
 Votry, Ezra J. 
 Wagner, Tom. 
 
 Walczak, Anthony S.— Pvt., Co. A, 312th Engineers. 
 Walters, Richard. 
 Waltz, Raymond H. 
 Walzak, Frank W. 
 Walzek, Anthony. 
 
 Wanderlich, Frank. 
 
 Wanderlich, Teodar. 
 
 Webb, Francis L. 
 
 Weber, Alfred — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. Navy. 
 
 Weber, Ferdinand E. — Quartermaster, 307th. 
 
 Weber, Francis — Machinist, U. S. Navy. 
 
 Weber, Julius A. — Warrant Machinist, U. S. Navy. 
 
 Weber, John, Jr. 
 
 Weichman, John. 
 
 Weiglein, John. 
 
 Wern, Henry K.— Pvt., Co. F, 302d Supply Train. 
 
 Wieczorek, Ignatz. 
 
 Wildy, Franklin. 
 
 Williams, Simon. 
 
 Winter, Albert. 
 
 Winter, Benjamin. 
 
 Winter, Edward. 
 
 Winton, John. 
 
 Wisniewski, William T. 
 
 Witkowski, Leo. 
 
 Wohlford, William C— Wagoner, Sup. Co., 304th F. A. 
 
 Wojekowski, Francis. 
 
 Wuestenfield, Anthony. 
 
 Yeisel, William. 
 
 Young, Joseph B. 
 
 Zakowski, Frank. 
 
 Zalemski, Casimir F. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. F, 14th Eng. 
 
 Zalemski, Walter C— Pvt., Battery D, 106th F. A. 
 
 Zalowski, Alex. 
 
 Zapfel, Albert. 
 
 Zasada, Wictynty. 
 
 Zbierski, Casmier. 
 
 Zbierski, Casimir A. — Medical Dept. 
 
 Zulawski, John. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CLARENCE 
 
 
 
 
 Drudge, 
 Graves, 
 Laurish 
 
 La Verne 
 Justus W.- 
 Wm.— Pvt. 
 
 Gold Star Men 
 W.— Pvt., Co. C, 59th Pioneers. DD October 10, 
 -Pvt., 417th Battalion. DD. 
 , 311th Infantry. DD June 24, 1918, Camp Dix. 
 
 1918, 
 
 Toul. 
 
 Baehre, Arnold— Sgt., Co. M, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Bald, Herbert W. — Students' Army Training Camp. 
 
 Betzold, John A. — Corp., Co. C, 61st Infantry. 
 
 Bilskey, Frank— Pvt., Battery A, 106th Field Artillery. 
 
 Bilskey, Joseph J.— Pvt., 307th Field Hospital. 
 
 Bluman, Emory H.— Pvt., Co. E, 61st Infantry. G 
 October 20, 1918, Argonne Forest. 
 
 Bolt, John B.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Bridge, Oswald W.— 1st Lieut., Co. L, 112th Infantry. 
 
 Brunck, Jay — Pvt., Co. C, 61st Infantry. Injured No- 
 vember 6, 1918, Dun Sur Muese. 
 
 Brugenhagen, Edward E. — Pvt., Co. M, 310th Infantry. 
 
 Burns, Charles. 
 
 Carmer, Elton B.— Cook, Supply Co., 4th F. A. 
 
 Croop, Morrell. 
 
 Croop, Millard. 
 
 Cummings, Ralph B. — Pvt., 7th Infantry. 
 
 Curry, Peter J.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 327th Inf. 
 
 Dietz, Karl G. — Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Dietz, Raymond E. — Band Corps, Headquarters Co., 
 106th Field Artillery. 
 
 Dittman, Harold. 
 
 Donner, Philip— Pvt., Co. H, 147th Infantry. W Sep- 
 tember 27, 1918, France. 
 
 Donner, Walter R.— Pvt., Battery A, 6th F. A. 
 
 Fidinger, Arthur W.— 1st Sgt., U. S. S. "N-3." 
 
 Fisher, Daniel C— Pvt., U. S. General Hospital 14. 
 
 Fisher, John W.— Pvt., Battery D, 335th F. A. 
 
 Fogelsonger, Edgar L. — Pvt. 
 
 Garlock, Frank A. 
 
 Graves, Fay W.— Corp., Headq'rs Co., 78th F. A. 
 
 Havens, Ralph G. — Transportation Co 597. 
 
 Hebeler, Aron B. — Corp., Students' Army Training 
 Corps (University of Buffalo). 
 
Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 697 
 
 CLARENCE— Con. 
 
 Hebeler, David B. — Ist-class Machinist, U. S. Navy Air 
 Station. 
 
 Hebeler, John D.— Pvt., Co. D, 33d Engineers. 
 
 Koch, Edward F. 
 
 Krehbiel, Alford R. — Corp., Headquarters Co., 42d 
 Engineers. 
 
 Landel, Herman E. — U. S. S. "Wyoming." 
 
 Larken, Richard A. — Pvt. 
 
 Laurisch, Leo— Pvt., Battery F, 78th Field Artillery. 
 
 Lehman, Howard E. — Pvt., Co. A, 132d Infantry. 
 
 Leib, Clarence E.— Pvt., Co. C, 116th Engineers. 
 
 Leising, August — Motor Transport Corps 469. 
 
 Leising, Frank P. 
 
 Leising, Lawrence — Co. L, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Leising, Val— Pvt., Co. A, 30th Infantry. 
 
 Loeffler, Augustus— 2d-class M. M. U. N. N. 
 
 Marchen, Domenico. 
 
 Martin, Howard E. — Lieut., Veterinary Corps. 
 
 Marzolof, William B.— Pvt., 146th Machine Gun Bat- 
 talion. 
 
 Measer, Albert — Corp., Co. C, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Mengel, Louis. 
 
 Metz, Donald — Pvt., 6th First Army Replacement D. 
 
 Morehead, Chadwick. 
 
 Moulin, Albert. 
 
 Nichert, Edward F. — Watertender, U. S. S. "Sierra." 
 
 Ottney, Leon — Mechanic, Battery D, 101st F. A. 
 
 Paschke, Alvin. 
 
 Peranne, Albert H. F. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Peronne, Henry H.— Pvt., Battery D, 35th F. A. 
 
 Ribbeck, Edward— Pvt., Co. F, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Roneker, Charles — Co. H, 306th Infantry. Injured 
 August 27, 1918, France. 
 
 Roneker, Peter P. — 303d Aux. Remount. 
 
 Roskopf, Andrew — Pvt. 
 
 Roskopf, John J. — Sgt., Co. A, 36th Machine Gun Bat- 
 talion. 
 
 Schneider, Frank. 
 
 Schurr, Howard. 
 
 Seibold, Albert J. — Cook, Naval Training Station. 
 
 Seibold, John A. 
 
 Seibold, Joseph B. — Pvt., Headquarters Troop, 2d 
 Army. 
 
 Shisler, John J.— Pvt., Battery A, 305th Field Artillery. 
 
 Solton, Albert F.— U. S. S. "McDougall." Injured. 
 
 Saurianello, Frank. 
 
 Thering, William H.— Corp., Battery D, 38th F. A. 
 
 Trude, Harold. 
 
 Turk, A\Tey. 
 
 Wagner, Ralph J.— Pvt., 318th Infantry. 
 
 Wall, John— Pvt., Co. E, 106th Supply Train. 
 
 Wall, Emory — Pvt., 129th Ambulance Sanitary Train. 
 
 Wendling, George. 
 
 Weatherbee, Charles L. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Po- 
 cahontas." 
 
 Witmauer, Leo P. 
 
 Woods, Clayton C. — Corp., Headquarters Co., 311th 
 Infantry. 
 
 York, Floyd W. 
 
 Zurbrick, Ansley A.— Pvt., Co. D, S. A. T. C. 
 
 GOLDEN 
 
 Gold Star Men 
 BOLDT, Chas. H.— Pvt., Co. A, 305th Infantry. DW September 29, 1918, Argonne. 
 SCHRADER, George E. — Pvt., Co. A, 1st Replacement Troops. DD October 10, 1918, Camp Gordon, Ga. 
 
 Abbott, Clarence B.— Pvt., Co. M, 116th Infantry. 
 
 Baker, Arthur M.— 181st Co., 15th Regt., 2d Prov. 
 Brigade. 
 
 Bartz, Ernest H.— Pvt., Co. B, 502d Engineers. WA. 
 
 Beach, Frank H.— Pvt., Battery A, 305th F. A. 
 
 Blake, Roy E.— Sgt., 4th Co., 1st Regt. U. S. Marine 
 Corps. 
 
 Booz, Fred G.— Supply Co., Wagoner 306th Inf. 
 
 Brauch, Albert M. G. — Pvt., Headquarters Co. 
 
 Buffum, Leroy E. — 1st class Pvt., Co. I, 5th Regiment, 
 U. S. M. C. 
 
 Chase, Clifford E.— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Currier, Chauncey L. — Major, Co. E, 25th Engineers. 
 
 Dancey, Walter H. — Corp., 438th Engineers. 
 
 Dell, Warren Z.— 1st Lieut., 23d Infantry. WA No- 
 vember, 1918. 
 
 Awarded D.S.C. 
 
 Eaton, Roy C— S. A. T. C. (Cornell). 
 
 Donnor, Elwin A.— Co. C, 102d Engineers. WA, St. 
 
 Souplet. 
 Geastung, Leroy — Lieut., Sanitary Corps, B. H. 90. 
 Gutekunst, Harry 0. — Corp., Military Police. 
 
 Lewis, Earl G. — Pvt., Co. C, Developing B'n. 
 
 Mertz, Gordon J. — Pvt., Students' Army Training 
 
 Corps. 
 Miller, George W.— Corp., Co. C, 309th Infantry. 
 Miller, George H.— Musician, Co. A, 76th Regt. 
 Milleville, Paul W. 
 
 Neitzel, Fred J.— Pvt., Co. L, 309th Inf. 
 Neitzel, Herman — Pvt., 151st F. A. WA, Marne. 
 Owen, Lloyd D. 
 
 Rich, Clayton S.— Lieut., 807th Pioneer Inf. 
 Schrader, Arthur W. — Pvt. 
 Segwalt, Daniel— Pvt., Co. E, 304th F. A. 
 Shelley, Ward C— Pvt., Co. A, 305th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 12, 1918. 
 Skrzycki, Walter C— Pvt., Battery C, 78th F. A. 
 Stebbins, Lawrence. 
 
 Sweetapple, Erwin F.— Pvt., Co. K, 311th Infantry. 
 Ulrich, Andrew— Pvt., Battery D, 348th F. A. 
 Will, Fred A.— Corp., Headquarters, 304th Field 
 
 Artillery. 
 Wozniak, Jos. L. — Lieut., Medical Corps. 
 Wrzeszcz, Bernard J. — Corp., 328th Ambulance Co. G. 
 
698 
 
 Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 COLLINS 
 
 Gold Star Men 
 Mackmer, Herbert W.— Pvt., Co. A, 305th Infantry. KA September 27, 1918, France. D. S. C. 
 ScHiFFNER, Herman — Pvt., Battery D, 353d Field Artillery. KA France. 
 Haspel, Leo N. — Great Lakes Station. DD Great Lakes. 
 
 Ackerman, Earl W. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Ryjland." 
 Anderson, Daniel B. — Ist-class Pvt., 56th Engineers. 
 Backus, Perry — Corp., Co. E, 303d Ammunition Train. 
 Bader, Lawrence A. — Sgt., 502d Aero Squadron. 
 Banaziak, Roman — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 85th Inf. 
 Banaziak, Martin — Corp., 616th Aero Squadron. 
 Banaziak, Stephen— Pvt., Co. B, 108th Infantry. 
 Bartlett, Frank H. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Bement, Claude— Sgt., Co. G, 307th Infantry. WG 
 
 June, 1918, France. 
 Bentley, Harold E. — Musician, Headquarters Co., 
 
 309th Infantry. 
 Bentley, Herbert F. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, Naval 
 
 Aviation. 
 Bentley, PhilHp A.— Ist-class Pvt., M. P. 78th Division. 
 Berg, Ceylon L.— Pvt., Co. A, 307th Infantry. 
 Bettcher, Albert — Ist-class Pvt., Headquarters Co. 
 Beverly, Ira H.— Pvt., 48th Scotch Highlanders, C.E.F. 
 Bishop, Harold. 
 Black, Adrian. 
 Borewry, Antoni. 
 
 Bouquin, Harry J. — Pvt., Supply Co., 309th Infantry. 
 Bouquin, Monroe — Helmsman, U. S. S. "North 
 
 Dakota." 
 Brennan, Joseph P. — 12th Trench Mortar Battery. 
 Briggs, John W.— Pvt., Co. M, 309th Infantry. 
 Brown, Harold — Pvt., Supply Co., 27th Regiment. 
 Burke, Adolph A. — Pvt., 147th Motor Transport Corps. 
 Burns, Edward F.— Pvt., Co. F, 312th Am. Train. 
 Chapman, Earl W.— Pvt., Battery E, 105th F. A. 
 Church, Reuben F. — Pvt., 7th Medical Department. 
 Clark, Harry L.— Co. D, 103d Infantry. 
 Colmerauer, Joseph M. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 304th 
 
 Field Artillery. WA August 27, 1918, France. 
 Connolly, Arthur F. 
 Cornplanter, Jesse J. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 147th 
 
 Infantry. GSS September 29, 1918, France. 
 Cummings, Louis — Pvt., Co. A, 346th Infantry. 
 Damm, George — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 111th F. A. 
 Darlack, Frank J. — Cook, Camp Gordon. 
 Detmer, Lewis — Pvt., Co. A, 1st Infantry Replacement 
 
 Regiment. 
 Eggen, John— Pvt., Co. H, 305th Infantry. 
 Frank, Leon V.— Corp., Co. E, 328th Infantry. WA, 
 
 France. 
 Frink, Aden H.— Cook, Co. L, 311th Infantry. 
 Gaertner, Carl A.— Pvt., 6th Regiment, U. S. M. C. 
 Gaertner, Paul F. — Wagoner, 9th Battalion. 
 Gaflfney, Raymond A. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 78th 
 
 Division. 
 Geiger, Warren S. — Pvt., 27th Aero Squadron. 
 Goode, Frank— Ist-class Pvt., Co. L, 312th Infantry. 
 Grimm, Floyd — Seaman, U. S. S. "Pueblo." 
 
 Grimm, Monroe — Seaman, U. S. S. "Comfort." 
 
 Grimm, Robert— Ist-class Pvt., Battery B, 106th F. A. 
 
 Griscon, Peter J.— Pvt., 108th Infantry. 
 
 Gurney, Lawrence F. — Pvt., 309th Infantry Band. 
 
 Hadley, Rollin V. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps. 
 
 Hallock, Wm. D. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Hauri, Edward J. — Corp., Co. A, 1st Replacement. 
 
 Heim, Louis C. — Musician Headquarters, 27th Regt. 
 
 Herdeg, Howard B. — Electrician, U. S. Coast Guards. 
 
 Herdeg, Royal F. — Corp., Chemical Warfare Service. 
 
 Holady, Domasz— Pvt., Battery B, 304th F. A. 
 
 Holden, J. E. — Capt., Medical Corps. 
 
 Hormig, Charles A.— Pvt., 13th Field Artillery. 
 
 Jackson, Andrew. 
 
 Jamison, Franklin F. — Musician, Co. F, 29th Infantry. 
 
 Johengen, Clayton A.— Cook, Co. M., 309th Infantry. 
 
 John, Benjamin H.— Pvt., Battery E, 334th F. A. 
 
 Johnnyjohn, Cleveland. 
 
 Johnnyjohn, Mitchell. 
 
 Johnson, Augustus. 
 
 Johnson, Frank H.— Sgt., U. S. T. U. 308. 
 
 Kelley, Perrin S. — Pvt., Headquarters, 305th Infantry. 
 WA September 7, 1918, France. 
 
 Kewley, Ardin— Pvt., 303d Military PoHce, 78th Div. 
 
 Kilbride, Arthur J. — Unit 3, Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Kilbride, Francis— Pvt., Co. B, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Kochan, Anthony — Co. B, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Konert, John F.— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Kosidlo, Frank— Pvt., Co. C, 134th Infantry. 
 
 Krebs, Alvin G. — Pvt., Flying Squadron. 
 
 Krebs, Urban N.— Sgt., Co. M, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Krebs, Wm. H. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Krszywosz, Anthony — Pvt., Co. M, 7th Infantry. 
 
 Lamb, Ralph N.— Pvt., Co. I, 78th Infantry. 
 
 Lascola, Joseph P. — Pvt. 
 
 Lelito, John — Pvt., Walter Reed Hospital. 
 
 Lenius, Alfred J.— Pvt., Co. M, 319th Infantry. 
 
 Ley, Walter F.— Sgt., 303d Sanitary Train. 
 
 Maytham, Frank — Lieut., U. S. Navy. 
 
 Mclntyre, Francis M. — 181st Aerial Squadron. 
 
 Merrill, Fred C— Bugler, Battery B, 304th F. A. 
 
 Miskie, Leonard J. — Pvt., Co. E, Marine Corps. 
 
 Moses, Solem. 
 
 Mosher, Don — Great Lakes Station. 
 
 Mosher, Earl — Yeoman, U. S. S. "Wainwright." 
 
 Mueller, Wm. C. — 1st Sgt., Demonstration Battalion, 
 3d Army Corps. 
 
 Myers, John R. — Assistant Band Leader, 12th Band, 
 Coast Artillery. 
 
 Naber, Lawrence — Ist-class Pvt., 303d Remount Quar- 
 termaster Corps. 
 
 O'Connor, Ralph— Pvt., Co. F, 306th Infantry. WA 
 August 15, 1918, France. 
 
Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 699 
 
 COLLINS — Con. 
 
 Olivey, Alfred — Pvt., Canadian Cavalry. 
 
 Palmerton, Merrill— Pvt., Battery D, 304th F. A. 
 
 Paterson, Spencer. 
 
 Peters, Paul. 
 
 Pettit, Herbert B.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 102d In- 
 fantry. WA October 26, 1918, France. 
 
 Phillips, Adelle M. — Nurse, Camp Hospital 52. 
 
 Pierce, George. 
 
 Pingrey, Stewart — Pvt., Animal Embarkation Depot 
 302. 
 
 Popple, Carleton W.— Pvt., 7th Regiment, U. S. Med- 
 ical Corps. 
 
 Quinnon, Thomas — Naval Aviation. 
 
 Randall, Leeland L. — Ist-class Pvt., 340th Guard and 
 Fire Co. 
 
 Raymond, Herman Lester. 
 
 Rieckhof, August — Sgt., Co. L, 325th Infantry. 
 
 Ross, Vernon R.— Corp., Co. F, 13th Regiment, U. S. 
 Marine Corps. 
 
 Rothfuss, Frederick C— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Sage, Charles T. — 2d Lieut., Air Service. 
 
 Sage, Esly G. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Louisiana." 
 
 Saunders, Bryan — Seaman, U. S. S. "Covington." 
 
 Schenkelberger, Fred P. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps. 
 
 Selesky, Richard R.— Pvt., 168th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Shenk, Frederick P. — 1st Lieut., Evacuation Hospital 
 No. 49. 
 
 Skoczylas, John — Ist-class Pvt., 312th Am. Train. 
 
 Smith, Arthur H. — Corp., U. S. A. Embarkation Hos- 
 pital 4. 
 
 Smith, James W. — Pvt., Med. Corps, Base Hosp. No. 9. 
 
 Sprowl, Forest F. — Pvt., Medical Corps. 
 
 Straub, Harold— Ist-class Pvt., Battery B, 28th Coast 
 Artillery. 
 
 Stuhmiller, Curtis R.— Sgt., Co. A, 10th Infantry. 
 
 Sweet, Winifred H. — Corp., Medical Detachment. 
 
 Taft, Lawrence S.— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Tarbox, Irwin R. 
 
 Teemley, Alton J. — Pvt., Troop L, 4th Cavalry. 
 
 Trautman, Albert— Pvt., Battery C, 304th F. A. 
 
 Vance, Elmer — Pvt., Forestry Division. 
 
 Walker, William H. — Pvt., Gas Defense Service. 
 
 Weber, Carl W. 
 
 Wegner, Peter J. 
 
 Whittemore, Beverly — Corp., Headquarters Co., 79th 
 Field Artillery. 
 
 Whittemore, Van C— Corp., Co. A, 309th Machine 
 Gun Co. 
 
 Williams, Harold— Sgt.-Major, Headq'rs., 379th Inf. 
 
 Witt, Robert— Cook, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 CONCORD 
 
 Gold Star Men 
 Bartlett, Robert H.— Lieut., Marine Corps. DD. 
 GORSKY, Casimir— U. S. M. C. DD November 14, 1918. 
 
 Kastel, Albert M.— Co. H, 305th Infantry. KA October 12, 1918, Argonne. 
 Reynolds, Robert N.— Musician, 153d Depot Brigade. DD September 27, 1918, Camp Dix. 
 Sabota, Paul— Mess Sgt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. KA September 30, 1918, France. 
 Thurber, Lynn A.— Pvt., Co. A, 305th Infantry. DW September 27, 1918, Argonne. 
 Vail, Leroy. 
 Wheelock, Myron — Navy. Lost at Sea. 
 
 Andera, Joseph — Pvt., Co. B, 502d Engineers. 
 
 Babcock, D. H. 
 
 Barries, Harlan A. — U. S. Navy. 
 
 Beese, Robert S.— Pvt., 47th Infantry. 
 
 Benzing, Albert H.— Bugler, Battery B, 304th F. A. 
 
 Benzing, Charles J.— Cook, Co. M, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Benzing, Lloyd G. — Corp., 156th Depot Brigade. 
 
 Benzing, William F.— Bugler, Battery B, 304th F. A. 
 
 Binkey, Frank. 
 
 Binkey, Joseph. 
 
 Bissell, Elihu H.— Pvt., Batt. C, 4th Brig., F. A. R. D. 
 
 Blakely, George W.— Cook, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Blakely, Lowell E.— Supply Co., 309th Infantry. 
 
 Boardman, Don A. — Lieut., Veterinary Corps. 
 
 Borne, Ernest. 
 
 Botsford, Vernon P.— Ist-class Sgt., Co. C, 516th Engs. 
 
 Briggs, Isabelle — Y. M. C. A. Canteen Service. 
 
 Briggs, William H.— 2d Lieut., Co. I, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Brooks, Homer W. — 1st Lieut., Ordnance Department. 
 
 Burrows, Andrew J. 
 
 Cameron, Ralph. 
 
 Carlson, Oscar. 
 
 Ciszak, Adam. 
 
 Clark, Frederick. 
 
 Clark, Herbert— Corp., U. S. M. C. 
 
 Clark, Walter. 
 
 Clark, Wm. J.— U. S. Navy. 
 
 Colling, Perry L.— Pvt., Battery B, 304th F. A. 
 
 Comstock, Elmer R. 
 
 Comstock, Luzerne — Pvt., Tank Corps, N. A. R. D. 
 
 Comstock, Robert R.— 30th Co., 8th Bn., 164th D. B. 
 
 Clark, Walter. 
 
 Crandell, Norman E.— Cook, Co. L, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Davis, Lloyd E.— Sgt., Headquarters Co., 304th 
 
 Field Artillery. 
 Delzer, Benj. H. 
 Dygert, Leon. 
 Drayer, Arthur. 
 Ellis, Ray. 
 Emrick, Robert D. 
 
 Ernest, William J.— Mech., 31st Engrs. 
 Fattey, Cecil J.— Lieut., Headquarters Co., 309th Inf. 
 
700 
 
 Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 CONCORD Con. 
 
 Fay, Kenneth C— Sgt., Central Officers' T. C. 
 
 Fisher, Martin— Pvt., Co. G, 328th Infantry. 
 
 Fitzpatrick, Liol D. — Pvt., 112d Medical Detachment. 
 
 Fitzpatrick, Paul G. — Capt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Folts, DeFred. 
 
 Folts, Frank — Lieut. 
 
 Fowler, Clarence. 
 
 Fowler, Glen E.— Sgt., Supply, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Fowler, Howard S. 
 
 Fox, Albert G.— Pvt., Co. C, 17th Bn., U. S. Guard. 
 
 Fox, Andrew J.— Pvt., 304th Field Artillery. 
 
 Fox, Leo, Jr. — 3d-class Storekeeper, Great Lakes. 
 
 Gamel, Clarence. 
 
 Garfoot, Wallace. 
 
 Gates, Victor. 
 
 Gaylord, Harvey — Major. 
 
 Geiger, Rajnuond M. — Pvt., Co. H, 305th Infantry. 
 
 WA October 3, 1918, Argonne. 
 Gibbin, Floyd E.— 1st Lieut., Base Hospital 112. 
 Gibbin, Leslie A. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Goodemote, George — 305th Guard and Fire Company. 
 Goodemote, Harold J. — Pvt., Trains Headquarters. 
 Gorsky, Frank E.— Corp., U. S. M. C. WA, Chateau 
 
 Thierry. 
 Granborn, Nestor. 
 
 Gustavel, Louis H. — Sgt., Army Service Corps. 
 Heath, Dun— Q. M. C. 
 
 Hein, Sebastian L.— Sgt., Co. C, 6th Repl. Reg. 
 Hewitt, Maurice S. 
 
 Hoagland, Chas. W.— Pvt., Aerial Photo See's No. 31. 
 Hoffman, James. 
 Hoffman, Joseph E. 
 
 Hufstader, Herman W.— Sgt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. 
 Irwin, Elmer A. — Ist-class Pvt. 
 Jackson, Claude. 
 
 Jaureller, Paul— Pvt., M. E. R. C. 
 Jureller, Sylvester H. — Pvt., Engineers. 
 Katzman, Leo. 
 
 Kempenski, Frank. — U. S. N. 
 Kies, Elliott. 
 Kickbush, Alfred. 
 Kickbush, Leonard. 
 King, Howard C. 
 
 King, Noel S.— Cook, Co. M, 309th Inf. 
 Klahn, Wm. 
 Kraft, Victor. 
 Krayowski, John. 
 Krzemien, John F. — U. S. Inf. 
 Krzemien, Stanley A. — U. S. Navy. 
 Lang, Michael R. — Pvt., Depot Brigade, 47th Detach. 
 Leland, Claude G. — Lieut. 
 Linderose, Ossian S. 
 
 Lohrey, George J. — Pvt., Co. A, 305th Infantry. 
 Loth, Charles H. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Letter, Leroy W. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Lowe, Norton M.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. A, 102d Am. Tr. 
 Lucas, Ernest. 
 
 Mahl, Mary — Nurse, Hospital Unit. 
 Marceilje, Oscar. —Pvt., Co. H, 305th Infantry. 
 Marsh, Gilbert— Pvt., 87th Co. 
 
 Maxwell, James C— Ist-class Pvt., Co. H, 108th Infan- 
 try. WA September 29, 1918, Hindenburg Line. 
 
 McCabe, Fred. 
 
 McGavern, Benjamin. 
 
 McGavern, Howard— Pvt., U. S. M. C. 
 
 Mayo, Marvin C. 
 
 Meyers, Marvin — Co. I, 29th Eng. 
 
 Michael, Leroy W. — Pvt., Dental Co. No. 1. 
 
 Mooney, Bernard E.— Pvt., Motor Truck Co. 547 
 
 Morgester, Maurice. 
 
 Morgester, Wm. J. 
 
 Mudgett, John J. — Lieut. Colonel. 
 
 Nason, Albert M. — W^agoner, 6th Inf. Repl. Reg. 
 
 Nason, Aloysius F. 
 
 Nason, Frank J. 
 
 Oyer, Harvey. 
 
 Oyer, Leon. 
 
 Palmerton, Lloyd H.— Pvt., Co. A, 18th Infantry. WA. 
 July 21, 1918, France. 
 
 Passell, Patsey. 
 
 Pearson, Donald— Pvt., 306th F. S. Battalion. 
 
 Pearson, Leo J. — Sgt., Medical. 7th Sanitary Train. 
 
 Pearson, Norman — Ist-class Seaman, U.S. S." Connor." 
 
 Peters, Lucian M. — Pvt. 
 
 Peters, Nicholas J. 
 
 Pettis, Frank A. 
 
 Plinston, Frank C— Lieut., Q. M. C. 
 
 Prior, Thomas W.— Pvt., Medical Detachment, 304th 
 Field Artillery. WA August 19, 1918, Chateau Thier. 
 
 Pritchard, Ivan. — Pvt., Co. E, 16th Engineers. 
 
 Pritchard, Marshall— Corps., Co. G, 108th Infantry. 
 WA September 29, 1918, Cambrai. 
 
 Rauth, John.— 303 Remt. Detach. 
 
 Reed, Francis L. 
 
 Reed, Louis J. — Ist-class Sgt., Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Reynolds, Luther. 
 
 Rider, Charles M. — Sgt., Chief Engineer's Office. 
 
 Rider, John A. 
 
 Roadarmel, Harry E. 
 
 Rogers, Lloyd H. — Pvt., Headquarters 77th Division. 
 
 Roher, William C. 
 
 Rumsey, Phillip H.— Pvt., 5th Co., Motor Train Supply 
 
 Rust, Edward. 
 
 Salzer, Albert W. — Horseshoer, Co. A, 308th Machine 
 Gun Battalion. 
 
 Schrader, Carl— U. S. M. C. 
 
 Schrader, Edward. 
 
 Schroeder, Elmer J.— Pvt., U. S. M. C. 
 
 Schue, Lynn — Ist-class Pvt., Co. E, 305th Infantry. 
 
 Schwitzer, Frederick W. 
 
 Scott, Gorman— Pvt., Co. B, 15th Bn., U. S. G. 
 
 Search, William E. 
 
 Seider, Carl J.— Pvt. 
 
 Shuttleworth, Esther — Y. M. C. A., Canteen Service. 
 
 Schuttleworth, Richard R.— Corp., Co. A, 6th Engin. 
 
 Skoras, Charles. 
 
 Simmons, William A. — Ist-class Pvt., F. A. 
 
 Singer, Joseph — Ist-class Pvt., Medical Dect. 
 
 Sixt, Bert— Pvt., 309th Infantry. G October Argonne. 
 
 Sixt, Edward F.— Sgt., Co. I, 152d Depot Brigade. 
 
Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 701 
 
 CONCORD— Con. 
 
 Sloane, Harold. 
 
 Slopey, Donald. — Ist-class Pvt., 102d Amm. Train. 
 
 Slopey, Xenia — Red Cross Canteen Service. 
 
 Smead, Douglas C. — Ist-cl. Sgt., 328th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Smith, Crary— Pvt., Headquarters Co., , 83d F. A. 
 
 Smith, Edward — Lieut. 
 
 Smith, Leroy— Pvt., 304 F. A. 
 
 Smith, Sylvester L. — Pvt., Hospital Unit. 
 
 Snyder, Roy— 311 Amf. Co., 303 San. Train. 
 
 Spaulding, Neil A. — Corp., Co. E, 11th Regiment, 
 U. S. M. C. 
 
 Stanard, Walter R.— Pvt., Co. M, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Stanbro, Gregory E. — Capt., Medical. 
 
 Stanbro, Frederick H. — 1st Lieut., Medical. 
 
 Stanbro, Fred H., Jr. — Sgt., 5oth Base Hospital. 
 
 Stanbro, Gordon — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Arkan- 
 sas." 
 
 Standish, Livingston M.— 2d Lieut., Bat. B, 304 F. A. 
 
 Spencer, Milton H. 
 
 Stedman, Edward— Sgt.. Co. B, 6th U. S. Eng. 
 
 Steff , Barney — Pvt., Auxiliary Remount. 
 
 Steflf, Henry T.— Pvt., 346th Infantry. 
 
 Steff, William F.— U. S. S. "Henderson." Injured 
 aboard ship by explosion. 
 
 Stowell, Edwin J. 
 
 Terwilliger, Jesse. 
 
 Terwilliger, Lynn. 
 
 Thiefolt, Arthur— Pvt., 48th Co., C. A. C. 
 
 Thurber, Arthur.— Pvt., Co. A, 30oth Infantry. 
 
 Thurber, Roy— Pvt., 35th Squadron. 
 
 Timm, Irvin C— Battery F, 35th F. A. 
 
 Timin, Arnold E,— Pvt., M. G. Co, 308th Infantry. 
 
 Trevett, Merton B.— Pvt., Co. A, Base Hospital. 
 
 Upson, Merrill. 
 
 Upson, Millard— Pvt., S. S. U., 622d. 
 
 Utrich, William — 1st Lieut., 136 Aero. Squadron. 
 
 Van Slyke, Herman B. 
 
 Van Valkenburg, W. — Sgt. 
 
 Vaughan, Maxwell — Co. F, 33d Engineers. 
 
 Vaughn, John P. 
 
 Vedder, Archie — 2d-class Pharmacist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Bushnell." 
 Waite, Sheridan C— Pvt., Dental Corps. 
 Waldron, Harold — Lieut. 
 
 Warner, Stanley A. — Corp., Co. E, 305th Infantry. 
 Wasson, Raymond A.— Pvt., 302d F. G. B. 
 Wasson, Theron. 
 
 Weber, James B., Jr.,— Pvt., 323d Supply Co. 
 Weismantle, Herman W. — 304th Infantry. 
 Weismantel, Mark P. — Ist-class Pvt., 77th Military 
 
 Police Co. 
 Weld, Ellis. 
 Williams, Harold L. 
 Woodward, Merle M. 
 Winship, Lewis L.— S. A. T. C. 
 Wright, Ollis. 
 
 EAST HAMBURG 
 
 Gold Star Men 
 Breen, Frank — KA November 7, 1918. 
 
 Gernold, August J.— Pvt., Co.K, 311th Infantry. KA October 28, 1918, Grand Pre. 
 Harrington, Karl G.— Pvt., U. S. M. C. DD February 1, 1918, Paris Island. 
 Russow, Fred C— Pvt., Co. C, 61st Infantry. KA 
 
 Adams, Floyd T.— Sgt., Co. C, 108th Infantry. 
 
 Adams, Robert M.— Ist-class Pvt., Battery B, 104th 
 Field Artillery. 
 
 Barber, George W. — Pvt., 136th Spruce Squadron. 
 
 Barens, Anthony. 
 
 Bauer, Arnold G.— Corp., Co. L, 311th Infantry. WG 
 September, 1918, France. 
 
 Bauer, Emil. 
 
 Benn, Lawrence G. — Pvt., Co. C, 1st Aviation. 
 
 Benzinger, Wm. E. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Blundy, John A.— Cook, Battery E, 304th F. A. 
 
 Blundy, Joseph R.— Sgt., Machine Gun Co., 309th Inf. 
 
 Boll, Norman F.— Pvt., Co. I, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Bosz, Michael— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 304th F. A. 
 
 Bresien, Bernhardt T. E. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Harris- 
 burg." 
 
 Brun, Frank X.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 106th Field 
 Artillery. W, France. 
 
 Caughell, Bessie M. — Nurse, Base Hospital, Camp 
 Gordon. 
 
 Carey, John— Pvt., Co. D, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Carrow, Howard C. — Pvt., 311th Ambulance. 
 
 Casterline, Ralph H. — Corp., Aviation Service. 
 Caughell, Robert P.— Corp., Co. C, 303d Engineers. 
 Close, Harold F.— Pvt., Co. A, 145th Regiment. 
 Colling, Perry L.— Pvt., Battery B, 304th F. A. 
 Davis, Richard S.— Pvt., Battery B, 104th F. A. 
 Deuel, Milton B.— Wagoner, Supply Co., 311th Inf. 
 Diller, Edgar J. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 61st Infantry 
 
 WA November 20, 1918, France. 
 Diller, John M., Jr. — Pvt., 15th Ordnance Guard. 
 Dimpfle, William. 
 
 Dworsak, Dominick — Corp., Battery B, 106th F. A. 
 Eisele, Albert J.— Pvt., Battery E, 304th F. A. 
 Eisele, Edward A. — Pvt., Ordnance Dept. 
 Farrand, Ira F.— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry. 
 Farrington, Jennie E. — Nurse, Base Hospital 91 , France. 
 Fink, Carl E. 
 
 Fitzpatrick, Lionel D.— Pvt., 112th Medical Detach. 
 Fitzpatrick, Paul G.— Capt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Folsom, Merton W. — Sgt., Co. E, 303d Engineers. 
 Gerken, Lawrence — Sgt., 309th Infantry. 
 Gernold, Carl J. 
 Gernold, Adam J. 
 
702 
 
 Erie County Service Roster 
 
 EAST HAMBURG— Con. 
 
 Gernold, Jacob F. — Baker, U. S. S. " Venetia." 
 Gerwitz, Gerald F.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. L, 311th Inf. 
 Graber, Albert J. — Sgt., Coast Guards. 
 Haag, Howard F. — Corp., Co. H, 111th Regiment. 
 
 WA July 25, 1918, Vesle River. WA October 5, 1918, 
 
 Argonne. 
 Haefner, Henry— Pvt., Co. M, 309th Infantry. 
 Harrington, Karl G.— Corp., 455th Co., U. S. M. C. 
 
 DD February 1, 1919, Paris Island. 
 Hawkins., Stanley M.— Corp., Battery B, 106th F. A. 
 Hoag, Donald C. — Pvt., Remount Depot. 
 Hodson, George F.— Pvt., Supply Co., 304th F. A. 
 Hull, Minert E. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. N. 
 
 Aviation. 
 Jakel, Louis 
 Kemp, Frank Wm. 
 
 Kemp, Henry W.— Corp., Battery A, 106th F. A. 
 Klee, Edward M.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 311th Inf. 
 Koelmel, Edward A.— Pvt., Co. A, 108th Infantry. 
 Krueger, Charles— Pvt., Co. M, 307th Infantry. 
 Lane, Arthur— Pvt., Co. D, 348th Infantry. 
 Loveland, Geo. W. 
 
 Loveland, Henry B., Jr.— Pvt., Co. M, 309th Infantry. 
 Lumley, Frederick E. 
 
 Mann, Herbert C. — Lieut., Medical Corps. 
 Maul, Edgard G.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. F, 303d Engin. 
 McConnell, Stuart DeGraff— Chief Yeoman, U. S. N. 
 McCourt, Andrew H.— Sgt., Battery B, 304th Field 
 
 Artillery. WA August 19, 1918, Vesle. 
 Meyers, Alfred F. 
 
 Miller, Fay E. — Carpenter's Mate, U. S. S. " Kansas." 
 Orvis, Edgar P. 
 Peek, Frederic A.— Sgt., Battery B, 104th F. A. 
 
 Petre, Albert J.— Pvt., Co. 3, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Pfalzgraf, John R.— Pvt., 177th Co., 14th Regiment. 
 
 U. S. M. C. 
 Pinkel, John C. 
 Randorf, McKinley — Navy. 
 
 Rockwood, William— Pvt., Battery B, 304th F. A. 
 Ross, Cameron A.— Pvt., Battery B, 104th F. A. 
 Ross, Josiah — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 108th Infantry. 
 Saville, Harry I. — Corp., Headquarters Co., 106th 
 
 Field Artillery. 
 Schichtel, Allen F.— Corp., Co. M, 328th Infantry. 
 Schoenhardt, Elias — U. S. S. "Conyngham." 
 Schultz, Frank — Ist-class Pvt., Headquarters Co., 
 
 M.T. R. P. 
 Schultz, Frederick C— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 11th Inf. 
 Seibel, Arthur— Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "Colorado." 
 Smith, George. 
 
 Stebbins, Alvin K.— Pvt., 34th Co., 153d Depot Brig. 
 Szpakowski, Casimir. 
 Trost, Fred — Pvt., 161st Aero Squadron. 
 Umber, Fred G. — Pvt., Aux. Remount Depot. 
 Wertman, Edward S.— Pvt., 311th Infantry. 
 Wheeler, Hollis B. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. 
 
 Sub-chaser 83. 
 Wheeler, Ralph A. — Ensign, Naval Aviation. 
 Willard, Arthur G.— Wagoner, Supply Co., 309th Inf. 
 Wittmann, Aloysius S. — Pvt., 19th Battalion. 
 Wood, Thomas A.— Corp., Co. B, 23d Infantry. WA 
 
 June 24, 1918, Chateau Thierry. WA September 12, 
 
 1918, Meuse-Argonne. 
 Zdrojewski, Aloysious J. — Cook. 
 Zdrojewski, Bronislaus J. — Corp., Co. C, 307th Infan. 
 
 EDEN 
 
 Gold Star Men 
 Bauer, Irving J.— Pvt., 29th Prov. Ordnance Depot. DD October 7, 1918. 
 Edick, John S.— D October 29, 1918. 
 
 Flint, Harold G.— Sgt., 125th Aero Squadron. DD December 21, 1917. 
 Faulkner, Herman — Pvt., Co. K, 7th Infantry. July 14, 1918, Marne. 
 Haag, Edward— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. DD April 11, 1918. 
 Newell, Loren E.— Pvt., 5th U. S. M. C. KA June 7, 1918. 
 Nyhart, Herbert E.— Pvt., Co. M, 108th Infantry. DW October 20, 1918. 
 
 Alessi, Sam — Corp., Co. L, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Altenburg, Hubert E. 
 
 Altman, John — Pvt., Co. B, 7th Platoon Engineers. 
 
 Armstrong, George H. 
 
 Baird, Fred E. 
 
 Baird, Vincent — Pvt., 307th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 
 Bartlett, Albert — Pvt., 335th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 
 Bartlett, Edward— Pvt., Co. K, 7th Infantry. 
 
 Bartoo, Herbert— Pvt., C. M. T. A., 2d Army. 
 
 Bauer, George — Pvt., 9th Ammunition Train. 
 
 Benkleman, Henry — Pvt., Supply Co., 311th Infantry. 
 
 Bentley, Floyd— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Borgart, William H.— Pvt. 
 
 Boseck, Clarence T.— Sgt., Co. L., 309th Infantry. 
 
 Boseck, Oliver J.— Pvt., Co. H, U. S. M. G., 1st Regt. 
 Brock, Henry — Pvt., Medical Department. 
 Brockman, Leo H. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 26th F. A. 
 Castle, Albert— Cook, Battery A, 304th Field Artillery. 
 Castle, Martin — Pvt., 1st Depot, 5th Replacement. 
 Castle, William R.— Pvt., Co. A, Military Police, 
 
 Camp Lee. 
 Critoph, Gordon — Pvt., Troop K, 4th Cavalry. 
 Dobrenkencz, Stephen— Pvt., Co. B, 328th Infantry. 
 Dole, Joseph — Pvt., Co. B, 59th Pioneers. 
 Fisher, Peter— Pvt., Co. B, 509th Pioneer Infantry. 
 Fries, Harry C— Pvt., Co. C, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Injured December, 1917. 
 Goglin, Theodore — Pvt., Ordnance. 
 
Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 703 
 
 EDEN — Con. 
 
 Grosch, Edward. 
 
 Grosjean, Jerome E. — Sgt., Co. A, 3d Infantry. 
 
 Gross, Chas. C. — Pvt., Base Hospital. 
 
 Hahn, Ray— Pvt., 82d Division. 
 
 Hammond, Ivan— Pvt., Co. B, 304tli Battalion Tank C. 
 
 Howard, Joseph. 
 
 Howell, George R. — Pvt., 434th Marine Barracks. 
 
 Hunt, Albert R. — Pvt., Signal Corps, Air Squadron. 
 
 Jeanperrin, George. 
 
 Johnson, Allen F.— Pvt., Co. C, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Kaminski, Leo — Pvt., 2d Infantry. 
 
 Karalus, Stephen A.— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Keller, Charles J.— Pvt., Co. A, 61st Infantry. 
 
 Loose, Edw. J.— Sgt., Battery E, 106th Field Artillery. 
 
 Looze, Francis X.— Pvt., Co. B, 106th Supply Train. 
 
 Looze, John D. — Pvt., 9th BattaHon, Trench Mortar B. 
 
 Macchiarella, Stephen — Pvt., 307th Infantry. 
 
 Maischoss, William J. — Pvt., Tank Corps. 
 
 Mangus, Frank — Sgt., Headquarters, Quartermaster C. 
 
 Manley, James C. 
 
 Maplesden, Allen— Ist-class Pvt., Co. M, 311th Inf. 
 
 Meister, Otto H. G.— Pvt., Co. D, 312th Engineers. 
 
 Messal, Max — U. S. S. "Beauford." 
 
 Mixer, Knowlton, Jr. 
 
 Newman, Frank. 
 
 Omphalius, William — Pvt., Air Service. 
 
 Osonski, Walter — Pvt., 1st Battalion. 
 
 Palmerton, Joseph — Sgt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Pingery, Stewart— Pvt., 302d Depot. 
 
 Pintak, Joseph— Bugler, Battery A, 106th Field Art. 
 
 Preischel, Ed. G.— Pvt., Co. M, 2d Replacement Regt. 
 
 Preischel, Tony— Pvt., Co. D, 11th Battalion M. P. 
 
 Pries, Elon— Pvt., 6th Battalion, Military Police. 
 
 Primo, Howard — Pvt., Aberdeen Prov. Guards. 
 
 Prizel, Clarence— Pvt., Co. E, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Prizel, George— Pvt., 309th Infantry. 
 
 Quint, Richard— Pvt., Co. C, 335th Machine Gun Bat. 
 
 Reed, George F.— Pvt., Troop H, 5th Cavalry. 
 
 Rice, Ernest A. — Pvt., Co. A, Signal School. 
 
 Rice, Frank C— Pvt., Co. 25th, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Richardson, Orin— Pvt., Battery C, 106th Field Art. 
 
 Richey, George B. 
 
 Richter, James J. 
 
 Robinson, Floyd O. — Pvt., Naval Training Station. 
 
 Russell, Irving J. 
 
 Scheuerle, William — Pvt., U. S. S. "Madanska." 
 
 Schintizus, Leo — Pvt., Co. M, 2d Infantry Rep. 
 
 Schosek, George. 
 
 Schreiner, Albert M. — Pvt., 5th Infantry Rep. Unit. 
 
 Smith, Arthur D. — Pvt., 467th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Steff, Barnie. 
 
 Straker, William— Pvt., U. S. M. C. 
 
 Straker, James — Pvt., 12th Regiment, Great Lakes. 
 
 Straker, John— Pvt., U. S. M. C. 
 
 Stressing, Elmer — Pvt., 425th Motor Supply Train. 
 
 Stressing, Howard — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 309th 
 Machine Gun Battalion. 
 
 Thiel, Edward— Corp, 303d Aux. Remount Depot. 
 
 Thiel, Henry G.— Sgt., 303d Aux. Remount Depot. 
 
 Thomas, Stephen J.— Pvt., 308th Supply Detach. 
 
 Unger, Clarence. 
 
 Uroblewski, Stephen— Pvt., C. W. S. 
 
 Vellam, Glenn A.— Pvt., Supply Co., 309th Infantry. 
 
 Watson, Walter — Corp., Headquarters Co., 309th In- 
 fantry. WA October 4, 1918. 
 
 Webb, Howard— Sgt., U. S. M. C. 
 
 Webster, Morton B.— Sgt., Supply Co., 309th Infantry. 
 
 Weiser, Ward W. 
 
 Welch, Nelson— Pvt., Battery E, 2d Regiment. 
 
 Wyckham, Robert J. — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Young, Albert W. 
 
 Ziegelhoffer.Fred G.— Pvt., Headquarters Co. ,309th Inf. 
 
 ELMA 
 
 Gold Star Men 
 Reels, Alfred— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry. DD January 7, 1918, France. 
 KuRTZHOLS, Charles — Pvt., Co. K, 311th Infantry. KA November 1, 1918. 
 
 Allen, Harry. 
 
 Barnes, Lloyd— 334th Tank Corp. 
 
 Bauman, Fred F.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Beckett, Warren F.— Pvt. 
 
 Board, Lydia — Canteen Worker, Y. M. C. A. 
 
 Boiler, William G.— Pvt., Supply Co., 343d Infantry. 
 
 Briggs, Horace A. — 2d-class Qm., U. S. S. "Florida." 
 
 Bummer, Henry — Pvt., 326th Supply. 
 
 Chizlett, James R. — Pvt. 
 
 Conley, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Supply Train. 
 
 Conley, John— Pvt., 311th Supply Train. 
 
 Conley, Joseph C— Pvt., Battery E, 305th Field Artil- 
 lery. WG September 6, 1918, Argonne. 
 
 Doller, Roy E.— Corp., 14th Salvage Co. 
 
 Donnelly, Francis R. — Pvt., 305th Machine Gun Bat- 
 talion. WA October 16, 1918, France. 
 
 Drosendahl, Clarence — Pvt., 303d Aux. Remount Dep. 
 Eldridge, Harvey B. — Corp., 54 Balloon Co. 
 Gatter, Conrad M. — Camp Hospital 7. 
 Gattie, Frank— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Gorenflo, Henry F.— Sgt., 42 Balloon Co. 
 Gruber, Frank— 302d Supply Train. 
 Hecker, Frederick— Pvt., 65th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Herbold, Henry — Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 Herlan, Jesse G. — Wagoner, 306th Infantry. 
 Hewett, Maurices.— Ist-class Pvt., 302d F. S. B. 
 Hinterberger, Geo. M., Ist-class Pvt., 544th Co., 
 
 Motor Transport Corps. 
 Hirsch, G. Gordon— Pvt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. WG 
 
 September 12, 1918, Metz. 
 Hirsch, Vincent R. — Drum Major, Headquarters Co., 
 
 304th Field Artillery. 
 
704 
 
 Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 ELMA— Con. 
 
 Hornung, Harry E. 
 
 Hurd, James P.— Sgt., Battery E, 106th Field Artillery. 
 
 Jerge, P. P. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 211th Infantry. 
 
 Jones, Harry T.— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Jones, Mark S. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Duncan." 
 
 Jones, Myron — Pvt. 
 
 Kaelin, Charles S.— Capt., Staff. 
 
 Klas, Joseph C— Sgt., Co. M, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Klink, Edward— Pvt., Battery B, 304th Field Artillery. 
 
 Koch, Chas. Wm.— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Landahl, Wm. F.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 157th Inf. 
 
 Lathrup, Albert — Pvt., Supply Co., 305th Infantry. 
 
 Lathrop, Emory — Corp., Battery A, 77th Field Artillery. 
 
 Lathrop, Harry— Pvt., Co. A, 308th Infantry. 
 
 Lee, Herbert M. — Major, 36th Coast Artillery Corps. 
 
 Lee, Lawrence W. — Ensign, U. S. N. Aviation. 
 
 Leverentz, John F.— Pvt., Battery A, 304th F. A. 
 
 Lines, Alvin T.— Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S. N. Air 
 Station. 
 
 Ludeman, Geo. A. — 2d-class Engineman, U. S. S. "Mis- 
 sissippi." 
 
 Ludeas, Elmer E. — U. S. N. Air Station. Injured Feb- 
 ruary 15, 1919, Key West. 
 
 Mallow, Charles — Seaman, U. S. Navy. 
 
 Mary, John — Pvt., Co. I, 12th Ammunition Train. 
 
 Mary, Jacob — 2d Lieut., School of Aeronautics. 
 
 McClive, Douglas W. — Apprentice Seaman, U. S. Navy 
 
 McCubbin, Guy— Battery A, 32d Field Artillery. 
 
 Murphy, John P. 
 
 Nuwer, Joseph A. 
 
 Petri, George J. 
 
 Pierce, Albert L. 
 
 Pierce, Willard W.— Pvt. 
 
 Reuther, Louis M.— U. S. M. C. 
 
 Schasel, Edward — Pvt., Special Service. 
 
 Schasel, Walter— Pvt., Co. I, 310th Infantry. 
 
 Schiewiller, Geo. W.— Ist-class Pvt., 302d Supply Train 
 
 Schlum, Frank— Sgt., U. S. M. C. 
 
 Schlum, Vincent— Pvt., 66th Co., U. S. M. C. 
 
 Schneider, Geo. P. 
 
 Seidlecki, John. 
 
 Snyder, Charles V. 
 
 Stadler, George E. 
 
 Stitz, Herbert E.— Sgt., Co. M, 309th Infantry. WG 
 
 October, 1918, France. 
 Stockman, Frank G. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Theal, Arthur W. — Pvt., Receiving Camp. 
 Theal, Clarence F. — Pvt., Aux. Remount. 
 Tillow, Donald J. — Lieut., Medical Corps. 
 Wahl, Elmer E.— Pvt. 
 Wakely, Albert— Pvt., 337th Tank Corps. 
 Wallenmeier, Harry — Sgt., Co. B, 153d Infantry. 
 Weber, Emil F. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 61st Infantry. 
 Webster, Nelson V.— Pvt., Co. H, 305th Infantry. 
 Yaeger, Louis— Pvt., 307th Supply Co. 
 Young, WiUiam J.— Pvt. DD. 
 
 EVANS 
 
 Gold Star Men 
 
 Herdl, Albert E.— 97th Co., U. S. M. C. DD January 28, 1919, Coblenz. 
 ZoFFKE, George A — Co. M, 7th Infantry. KA July, 1918. 
 
 Andres, Leo. 
 
 Andrus, Howard. 
 
 Barthelemy, Frank. 
 
 Bedaska, Leo E. 
 
 Bingheimer, Frank — Corp., 62d Engineers. 
 
 Bingheimer, Phillip, Jr. 
 
 Blackney, Seley H.— Ist-class Pvt., Sup. Co., 345th Inf. 
 
 Bower, Henry C, Jr. 
 
 Brand, Henry — Seaman Signalman, U. S. Navy. 
 
 Britting, Lyman E. 
 
 Brodie, James D. 
 
 Bromley, Clarence. 
 
 Bromley, Roy C. 
 
 Brotherston, D. L. — Sgt., Medical Corps. 
 
 Buggenhagen, Raymond — Pvt., 11th Co., Development 
 
 Battalion. 
 Bundy, Harry D. 
 Burke, Willis E. 
 
 Cappello, Thomas— Ist-class Pvt., Co. D, 346th Inf. 
 Carter, Eugene. 
 Cook, Donald D. 
 Covert, Albert M. 
 Cozzo, Giuseppe. 
 Crist, Chester E. 
 
 Ellis, Anthony J. 
 
 Ells, Clarence H. 
 
 Englund, Wallie E. 
 
 Englund, Ward E. 
 
 Feldman, Sam. 
 
 Giancanello, Angelo. 
 
 Goide, Henry. 
 
 Green, Ernst. 
 
 Green, John T. — 1st Lieut., Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Groome, Wm. 
 
 Grooms, Marion. 
 
 Guest, Clark. 
 
 Hanson, Halmer. 
 
 Hanson, Robert C. 
 
 Harms, Charles F. — Pvt., November Replacement. 
 
 Harris, Tyler. 
 
 Heimburg, Hubert W. — Pvt., Medical Corps, General 
 
 Hospital 13. 
 Herdle, Albert E. 
 Hocking, Alfred J. 
 Hotchkiss, Eugene E. 
 Hummel, Victor F. 
 Hunt, Harold. 
 Hurd, Leverne. 
 
Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 705 
 
 EVANS— Con. 
 
 Hurley, Geo. H. 
 Ingelsoll, Louis W. 
 Ingersoll, Nelson A. 
 Kulakoff, .John D. 
 
 Lake, Arthur W.— Ist-class Pvt., 290th Military Police. 
 Lalloz, Arthur C. 
 Landon, Merritt M. 
 Landon, Miles. 
 Lobello, Carmello. 
 Lobello, Charles. 
 Lobello, Sam. 
 Logasso, Frank C. 
 Long, Geo. E. 
 
 Lucas, John— Pvt., Co. K, 306th Infantry. WA Sep- 
 tember 27, 1918, Argonne. 
 Luss, Harry. 
 Miller, Charles. 
 Mock, Fred. 
 Molin, John E. 
 Mosher, Herbert. 
 Neubeck, Horace H. 
 Neuman, John. 
 Neuman, Stanley. 
 Oatman, Arthur G. 
 O'Marr, Cornelius F. 
 Peterson, Carl H. 
 Pickering, Theo. H. 
 
 Planz, Harry J. — Ist-cIass Pvt., 310th Fire and Guard 
 
 Co. 
 Rich, Joe. 
 Robinson, Benj. — Pvt., 31st Co., 91st Regiment, Camp 
 
 Wheeler. 
 Ryan, WiUiam M. 
 Stalamacchia, Dominick. 
 Schlender, Everett J. 
 
 Schwert, Pius L.— Supply Officer, U.S.S. "West Mead." 
 Scully, Edw. A. 
 Scully, Gerald A. — Pvt., Students' Army Training 
 
 Corps (Canisius). 
 Smith, Stephen A. — 3d-class Electrician (R), Navy. 
 Stanley, RoyE. 
 Stevenson, Edw. R.— Sgt., Medical Detachment, 304th 
 
 Field Artillery. 
 Swerdloff, Isaac. 
 Timm, Arnold E. 
 Trubee, John H. 
 Van Name, Benj. 
 Vella, Sam. 
 Velzy, Harold E. 
 Viluci, Joe. 
 Walsh, David. 
 Weber, Henry. 
 Zoffke, Geo. A. 
 Zoffke, William- 
 
 -Ist-class Pvt., F and G Co., 340. 
 
 GRAND ISLAND 
 
 Braunschweig, Paul L. — Corp., 102d Trench Motor Bat. 
 
 Burns, Joseph A. — Sgt., Headquarters Co., 311th Inf. 
 
 Careis, George S. 
 
 Cheloppy, Peter. 
 
 Christman, Fred E. — Pvt., 2d Div. Ammunition Train. 
 
 Colvin, Willie— Pvt., Co. A, 329th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. 
 DeGlopper, Arlington — Chauffeur, 660th Aero Squad'n. 
 Egner, William T. 
 
 Fleischman, Leonard — Pvt., Headq'rs Co., 347th Inf. 
 Fleischman, Philip — Pvt., Co. I, 61st Infantry. 
 Forsythe, J. Ransom— Ist-class Pvt., 305th F. A. 
 Francis, .Joseph — Pvt., R. R. and C. 
 
 Genoese, Luigi. 
 
 Geschwender, Leonard — Pvt., Co. F, 26th Infantry. 
 
 Kreger, Benjamin W. — Corp., 302d Supply Train. 
 
 Lattner, Joe C. — Marine Recruiting Office. 
 
 Lattner, Oscar J. — Aviation Service. 
 
 McKenzie, Ralph — Sgt., Headquarters Co., 311th Inf. 
 
 Neilans, Thomas — Co. K, 51st Pioneers. 
 
 Oakes, Marvyn C— U. S. M. C. 
 
 Salton, Wendell P.— Pvt., 311th Infantry. 
 
 Sidway, Clarence. 
 
 Smith, Percy. 
 
 Tushe, Demetre. 
 
 Young, Chelcy R. 
 
 HOLLAND 
 
 Gold Star Men 
 Brink, Frank H.— Pvt., Co. M, 309th Infantry. KA September 17, 1918, St. Mihiel. 
 Burns, Evan D.— Co. A, 15th Reg. U. S. N. DD Great Lakes Training School. 
 ScHURR, Alton— Pvt., Co. E„ 328th Inf. KA October 10, 1918, Argonne. 
 Trank, Florence M.— Army Nurse, Base Hospital 58, DD October 3, 1918, Havre, France. 
 Zapf, George— Pvt., 78th Battalion, Canadian Army. KA August 11, 1917, Maroc. 
 
 Bangert, Earl J.— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry. 
 Bangert, George H. — Bat'n. Sgt. -Major, Headquarters 
 
 Co., 311th Infantry. W October 25, 1918, Argonne. 
 Bancroft, George H. — Corp., 53d Balloon Co. 
 Bellinger, John. 
 Bellinger, William— Pvt., Co. C, 148th Regiment. W 
 
 October 29, 1918, Argonne. 
 
 Bigosinski, Ignatz M. — Pvt., Training Co., 21. 
 Block, Homer C. — Pvt., 852 Aero Squadron. 
 Braymiller, Floyd. 
 
 Brown, Roland E.— Pvt., 304th F. A. Battery. 
 Conley, Robert J.— Candidate Officer, 25th Co., Cen- 
 tral Officers' Training School. 
 Conrad, Clare C— Ist-class Pvt., M. G. Co., 307th Inf. 
 
706 
 
 Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 HOLLAND — Con. 
 
 Cooper, Stanley— Co. E, 78th F. A. 
 
 Decker, A. W.— Lieut., Battery E, 33d Artillery. 
 
 Donnor, Edwin A.— Pvt., Co. C, 102d Engineers. G 
 
 September 27, 1918, France. 
 Ferner, Walter F. 
 
 Firestein, Joseph L. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th Inf. 
 Fischer, George E.— Pvt., 28th Co., U. S. M. C. 
 Gerstung, Floyd W. — Ist-class Machinist's Mate, U. S. 
 
 Navy Air Service. 
 Harper, Russell T.— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry. 
 Hawks, Harry S. — Apprentice Seaman, U. S. N. R. 
 Haws, Lloyd R.— Pvt., Co. H, 310th Infantry. 
 Helwic,RaymondE.— Pvt., Co.D,9thBat'nU.S. Guards. 
 Inghs, Wm.— Pvt.,Co. E, 403d Telegraph Batt. 
 Johnson, Merle B.— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Field Signal Bn. 
 Kennedy, Francis C— M. M., U. S. N. 
 Kramer, Thomas L.— Sgt., Co. M, 307th Inf. 
 Krimberg, Frederick — Pvt., Headq'rs Co., 60th Inf. 
 Kuhn, Roy E.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. G, 345th Infantry. 
 Legwalt, Daniel— Pvt., Battery E, 304th F. A. 
 Letson, Byron J. — Gunner's Mate School, U. S. N- 
 Limburg, Jacob A.— Pvt., Co. H, 307th Infantry. G 
 
 September, 1918, France. 
 Limburg, William— Sgt., Co. G, 309th Infantry. G 
 
 September, 1918, France. 
 Lowe, Albert W.— Pvt., Co. C, 9th Regiment. 
 Lowe, Frank. 
 
 Mamoth, John A.— Sgt., 51st Co., 5th Reg't U. S. M. C. 
 Mann, Herbert Christian. 
 Matusak, Felix. 
 
 Milleville, Paul W.— Pvt., Battery B, 304th F. A. 
 Miller, Minor— 51st Co., 5th Reg., U. S. Marines. 
 
 Neitzel, Herman— Pvt., Co. F, 151st F. A. WA June, 
 1918, France. 
 
 Nutzel, Frederick— Pvt., Battery C, 505th F. A. 
 
 Poate, Ernest M. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps. 
 
 Rich, Harry— Pvt., Co. I, 108th Infantry. 
 
 Ring, Arthur C— Mechanic, Co. K, 311th Infantry. G. 
 October 27, 1918, St. Mihiel. 
 
 Rogers, Ray— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry. WA No- 
 vember, 1918, France. 
 
 Schroeder, Edward H.— Pvt., Co. M, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Schuster, Arthur Louis — Pvt., Co. K, 311th Infantry. 
 WA Novembers, 1918, Argonne. 
 
 Segwalt, Daniel— Pvt., Battery E, 304th F. A. 
 
 Sergei, Courtland F.— Pvt., Batt'y E, 334th F. A., N. A. 
 
 Shreder, Julius A— Pvt., Co. C, 302d Supply Train. 
 
 Stram, Floyd C— Pvt., Co. A, 305th Infantry. 
 
 Awarded D.S.C. for bravery in action on the Vesle. 
 
 Tanner, Nelson F.— Pvt., 27th Co., U. S. Marine Corps. 
 
 Taylor, George F.— Pvt., 79th Co., 6th Reg't, U. S. M. C. 
 
 Templeton, LesHe A. — Gunnery Sgt., Marine Aviation. . 
 
 Thompson, Charles J. 
 
 Thornton, Donald F.— Pvt., Headq'rs Co., 304th F. A. 
 
 Wagner, Edward — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 311th In- 
 fantry. WA November 6, 1918, Argonne. 
 
 Wagner, William — Seaman, U. S. Naval Reserve. 
 
 Wheeler, Erie M.— Casual Unit, M. T. C. 
 
 Whitney, Lloyd P. — Pvt., 3d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Whitney, Maurice G. — Pvt., 260th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Woodworth, Roy A.— Pvt., Co. J, 7th Infantry. 
 
 Yox, Clarence L.— Corp., Co. L, 7th Infantry. WG 
 October, 1918, Verdun. 
 
 Zapf, Nelson J.— Pvt., Co. A, 305th Infantry. 
 
 HAMBURG 
 
 Gold Star Men 
 
 Barber, Clifford A. — Pvt., Co. H, 4th Infantry. DD February 3, 1918, Newport News, Va. 
 
 Clifton, Harre— Pvt., Co. K, 306th Infantry. KA October 5, 1918, France. 
 
 CoNWELL, George Bartlett. 
 
 Davidson, W. Harry— Pvt., Co. L, 348th Infantry. DW. 
 
 FooTE, Nathan W. — Capt., Training School Ship. D December 23, 1918, on board ship. 
 
 Gannon, Howard J. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. Navy, Air Service. DW November 26, 1918, France. 
 
 Groth, William C. — KA, France. 
 
 Hodge, Howard J.— Pvt., Co. I, 108th Infantry. DW October 27, 1918, France. 
 
 LaPorte, Frank — DD October 6, 1918, Maryland. 
 
 Maguet, Glen C. — Chief Engineer, U. S. S. "Cyclops." D at sea. 
 
 McDevitt, Earl — KA. 
 
 O'Hern, George — Corp., 7th Machine Gun Battahon. KA October 26, 1918, France. 
 
 O'Neil, Chester — Apprentice Seaman, Great Lakes. DD. 
 
 Salisbury, Edgar N.— Sgt., 331st Infantry. DD April 6, 1919, Camp Dix. 
 
 Schaus, Martin J.— Pvt., Co. E, 328th Infantry. DW October 19, 1918, France. 
 
 Shero, Herbert E.— Pvt., Co. C, 2d Engineers. KA July 21, 1918, France. 
 
 Stokes, Alfred H., Jr.— Sgt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. KA October 16, 1918, St. Mihiel. 
 
 Wannenwetsch, Edward — Pvt., Battery F, 176th Field Artillery. DD January 29, 1918, Camp Shelby. 
 
 Wolf, Lawrence— Sgt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. KA October 16, 1918, Argonne. 
 
 Abel, Harold J. 
 Abbott, Burwell Mc. 
 Defense. 
 
 -Pvt., Narragansett Bay, Coast 
 
 Abbott, Charles E.— Seaman, U. S. S. "Mallary." 
 
 Adams, Alfred E. 
 
 Adams, Henry F. — Corp., Headquarters Co., 108th Inf. 
 
Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 707 
 
 HAMBURG^CoN. 
 
 Ahrens, Christian, Jr. — Pvt., Co. E, 1st Army Replace- 
 ment Depot. 
 
 Ahrens, Joseph C. — 312th Regiment, Supply Train. 
 
 Albrecht, John A. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Iowa." 
 
 Albrecht, Charles — Pvt., Provost Guards. 
 
 Alden, Lucas— 2d Lieut., Co. K, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Alff, Eugene— U. S. S. "Meade." 
 
 Altes, George A. — Sgt., 326th Butchery Co., Quarter- 
 masters Corps. 
 
 Altman, Charles. 
 
 Ammet, Elmer C. 
 
 Apel, Emil M.— Pvt., Co. D, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Arhart, Mortimer E. — Corp., 1st Motor Mechanics. 
 
 Ashdome, Harry R. — 2d Lieut., Co. A, 3d A. A. Ma- 
 chine Gun Battalion. 
 
 Atkins, Harry K. — Central Officers' Training School. 
 
 Babcock, Keith— Pvt., Co. A, 210th Engineers. 
 
 Bagley, Walter K. 
 
 Baker, Adam P. 
 
 Baker, Almon D.— Pvt., 336th Field Artillery. 
 
 Baker, Harrison V. — 1st Lieut., Forestry Engineers. 
 
 Baker, James D.— Pvt., Co. I, 108th Infantry. WG 
 September 29, 1918. 
 
 Baker, Timothy H.— Pvt., 108th Co., U. S. M. C. 
 
 Baker, William Q. — Pvt., Quartermasters Corps. 
 
 Ballard, Valentine— Cook, Co. A, 308th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. 
 
 Baltzer, Howard A. — Pvt., 6th Battery, Field Artillery. 
 
 Barrett, William S.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 108th Inf. 
 
 Barrett, William E. 
 
 Bauer, Robert C. — Pvt., Aberdeen Proving Grounds. 
 
 Bazley, Walter — Cook, Naval Reserve. 
 
 Becker, Chester C— Sgt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. WA 
 October 16, 1918, France. 
 
 Bell, Isam, Jr. 
 
 Bell, Warren. 
 
 Benner, Frederick — Co. A, 3d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Bennett, Robert G.— Corp., Battery A, 304th F. A. 
 
 Bennian, Walter A. — Pvt., 19th Div. Trans. Corps. 
 
 Bensley, Maynard G. — Capt., 4th Ambulance Co. 
 
 Blair, Eugene. 
 
 Blanchard, Glenn A. — Ist-class Pvt., 115th Sanitary T. 
 
 Bley, Conde P. — Pvt., Aero Squadron. 
 
 Boehle, Albert H. — 1st Sgt., Machine Gun School. 
 
 Bonner, Ralph J. — Pvt., 327th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Bonnet, Henry 0. — Ist-class Yeoman, Naval Reserve. 
 
 Bordonaro, Lucain E. — Wireless Operator, U. S. S. 
 "Tallahassee." 
 
 Borota, Nick— Pvt., Co I, 108th Infantry. WA Sep- 
 tember 29, 1918, France. 
 
 Boseck, Clarence. 
 
 Bourne, Newton W.— Pvt., S. N. T. C. 
 
 Bauer, Edward — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 311th Inf. 
 
 Bower, George C. — Pvt., Students' Army Train'g Corps. 
 
 Bowers, Walter W.— Pvt.. 309th Infantry. 
 
 Braun, Frank — Corp., Machine Gun Co., 309th Infan- 
 try. WA November 4, 1918. 
 
 Braun, Joseph — Pvt., 309th Infantry. 
 
 Braymiller, Floyd — Pvt., Co. L, 7th Infantry. 
 
 Braymiller, Henry. 
 
 Brennan, Thomas J. — Trumpeter, 6th Regiment Ma- 
 rines. WA July 19, 1918, France. 
 
 Brezee, Ernest C. — Boatswain, Merchant Marine. 
 
 Brezee, William L. — Pvt., 67th Battalion Engineers. 
 
 Bridgman, Robert R.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Briggs, Fred — Wagoner, Machine Gun School. 
 
 Brown, Joseph. 
 
 Brudo, Henry F.— Pvt., Co. D, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Buggenhagen, Raymond W. 
 
 Burgwardt, Milford R. — Corp., 14th Ordnance Guard. 
 
 Burley, Robert. 
 
 Burns, Robert O.— Pvt., 10th Recruit Co. 
 
 Burns, Robert C. 
 
 Burns, Timothy F.— Pvt., Headq'rs Co., 334th F. A. 
 
 Call, Samuel W.— Pvt., 100th Co., 24th Battalion. 
 
 Carlson, Oscar B. — 3d-class Radio, Sub-chaser 187. 
 
 Case, Carl M. — Landsman, for Carpenter's Mate, 
 Naval Air Service. 
 
 Chase, Arthur C— Corp., Co. M, 331st Infantry. 
 
 Cheney, Warren D. — Mach. Mate, Torpedo Boat 15. 
 
 Chubbuck, Gertrude R. — Nurse, Camp Jackson, S. C. 
 
 Churchill, Homer— Ist-class Pvt., Co. A, 334th Bat- 
 talion Tank Corps. 
 
 Claypool, Harry W.— Pvt., Battery F, 73d Coast Artil- 
 lery Corps. 
 
 Clendenning, Joseph F. — Pvt., Co. K, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Cline, Harry H.— Secy., Y. M. C. A. 
 
 Cline, Leroy W. — Seaman, Hampton Roads, Va. 
 
 Colley, Grant A.— Pvt., U. S. M. C. 
 
 Conwell, George B. 
 
 Cook, Roger— Sgt., 154th Machine Gun Co. 
 
 Cox, Arthur W.— Sgt., 331st Battalion Tank Corps. 
 
 Craig, Bentley L.— Pvt., 304th Battalion Tank Corps. 
 
 Crooker, Howard 0. 
 
 Crooks, Hunter L. — 1st Sgt., Co. I, 55th Pioneer Inf. 
 
 Cruikshank, Walter— Pvt., Battery A, 71st Coast Artil- 
 lery Corps. 
 
 Cundall, Lincoln. 
 
 Cunningham, George E.— Sgt., Co. E, 328th Infantry. 
 
 Dalferth, Frederick C— Pvt., 99th Division. 
 
 Danheiser, Leo W. — Pvt., Co. B, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Davenport, Ernst. 
 
 Davis, George H. — Pvt., U. S. S. "Santa Anna." 
 
 Davis, Sugar. 
 
 Davidson, Harry E.— Pvt., Co. I, 108th Infantry. 
 
 Dawson, Wilburt H.— Pvt., Co. L, 348th Infantry. 
 
 Dean, Jesse H. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 311th Inf. 
 
 Demmerly, Sylvester J. — Pvt., Co. D, 99th Division. 
 
 Dole, Joseph L. 
 
 Dominski, John L.— Pvt., 304th Field Artillery. 
 
 Dondgjewski, Stanley— Pvt., 6th Regiment, U. S. M. C. 
 WA, France. 
 
 Dorst, Walter M.— Wagoner, Supply Co., 304th F. A. 
 
 Dougherty, Martin— Pvt., Co. B, 328th Infantry. 
 
 Downs, F. W. 
 
 Duchmann, Clarence P. — Corp., Co. E, 317th Infantry. 
 
 Duggan, Daniel— Pvt., Co. B, 327th Infantry. 
 
 Dunham, James G.— Pvt., Battery A, 304th F. A. 
 
 Dyer, Horton J. — Pvt. 
 
 Eastman, Wallace L. — 1st Lieut., Dental Reserve. 
 
708 
 
 Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 HAMBURG— Con. 
 
 Ebert, John H.— Corp., Co. D, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Edwards, Brindley. 
 
 Ehrmann, Clarence W.— Pvt., Co. K, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Elias, Slyman. 
 
 Endress, Raymond E. — 1st Sgt., Headquarters Co., 
 
 309th Infantry. 
 Eno, Robert D. — Pvt., Students' Army Training Corps, 
 
 (University of M.) 
 Eschelman, Alvie. 
 Fallman, Earl. 
 Fear, Frank J. 
 
 Fierle, Charles O. — Sgt., Co. I, Devep. Battalion. 
 Fierle, Joseph — Pvt. 
 
 Fisher, Albert— Bugler, Co. G, U. S. Guards, 27th Bn. 
 Fleischmann, Edwin — 2d Lieut., Coast Artillery Corps, 
 
 Ft. Monroe, Va. 
 Fleming, Ernest K. — Pvt., Co. A, 11th Regiment, 
 
 U. S. M. C. 
 Foit, Lawrence J. — Pvt., Co. F, 46th Infantry. 
 Foose, Edward W.— Pvt., Battery A, 304th F. A. 
 Foote, Arthur H.— Pvt., 335th Field Artillery. 
 Fox, Raphael G.— Sgt., Headquarters Co., 309th In- 
 fantry. WG October 4, 1918, France. 
 Frisbee, George L. — Wagoner, 4th Corps Motor Truck. 
 Frost, Fred. 
 
 Fuchs, Frederick S.— Sgt., Co. G, 306th Infantry. 
 Fuller, Robert L. — Pvt., Gas Defense Service. 
 Funke, William C— Pvt., 21st Field Artillery. 
 Gallineau, Harry W. — Pvt., Marine Detach. 
 Gallineau, Percy — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Guat- 
 
 tanomo. WA November 5, 1918. 
 Gamble, William B.— Pvt., 118th P. W. E. 
 Gannon, Howard J. — 2d-class Seaman, Air Service. 
 Gannon, Roy. 
 
 Gannon, Raymond W. — Sgt., Co. I, 57th Engineers. 
 Gates, Clarence L. — Pvt. 
 Gates, Maurice M. — Ist-class Patternmaker, U. S. S. 
 
 "Buffalo." 
 George, Clarence M.— Pvt., Co. N. 
 Giger, Floyd F.— Pvt., Co. E, 346th Infantry. 
 Goodrich, Theodore — Pvt. 
 Goodyear, J. Leo— Sgt., Co. B, S. A. T. C. 
 Graden, Owen. 
 Greenwood, Ralph G.— Pvt., Co. B, 327th Infantry. 
 
 WG, France. 
 Greer, Charles J.— Pvt., Co. B, S. A. T. C. 
 Griffin, Carl L.— Oiler, U. S. S. "Brown." 
 Griffith, Florence — Nurse. 
 
 Grinder, Raymond J. — Pvt., Co. L, 809th Infantry. 
 Haas, Esmond E. — Pvt., Headquarters Co. 
 Haas, Joseph E. 
 
 Hagehn, Howard A.— Pvt., Co. B, 108th Infantry. 
 Hahn, Raymond A.— Sgt., Co. I, 326th Infantry. WG 
 
 August, 1918, France. 
 Hallbauer, Walter C— Ist-class Pvt., Battery A, 304th 
 
 Field Artillery. 
 Hall, Irving J.— Pvt. 
 
 Hamman, Herman — Pvt., 347th Infantry. 
 Hancock, Alfred G. — Ist-class Pvt., Central Officers' 
 
 Training School. 
 
 Hannon, Frederick W.— 1st Lieut., Co. A, 85th M. P. 
 
 Hanselman, Walter L. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 312th 
 Infantry. 
 
 Hass, Esmond E. 
 
 Hauck, Fred— Corp., Co. L, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Hay, Oscar T.— Petty Officer, U. S. S. " Accoma." 
 
 Heath, William R. — Pvt., Students' Army Training 
 Camp. 
 
 Heath, Charles R.— U. S. S. "Brant." 
 
 Heath, Elton R.— Pvt., Co. E, 108th Infanrty. WA 
 September 29, 1918, France. 
 
 Held, Edwin J.— Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 "Granite State." 
 
 Held, George W.— Sgt., Co. H, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Hengerer, Robert W.— Pvt., 320th Tank Corps. 
 
 Hennesy, John — Sgt., Co. L, 61st Infantry. WA 
 October 22, 1918, France. 
 
 Hessebeck, Raymond — Canadian Officers' Training 
 Camp. 
 
 Hesshnk, Louis M. — Radio Operator, U. S. S. "Okla- 
 homa." 
 
 Heickman, Otto R.— Corp., Co. M, 78th Infantry. 
 
 Hickman, Otto. 
 
 Hintz, Charles C— Sgt., Co. D, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Hitzel, Albert— Pvt., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Hitzelburger, Hubert — Cooks' and Bakers' School. 
 
 Hogan, John A. — Pvt., Co. D, 63d Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Hogan, Jonoahan. 
 
 Holcomb, Eugene C. 
 
 Holliday, Clarence — Pvt., Ordnance Repair Shop 5. 
 
 Hooper, Benjamin D. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 77th 
 Division. 
 
 Hooper, Henry. 
 
 Horn, Russell F. — Corp., Headquarters Co., Machine 
 Gun School. 
 
 Horton, Albert P. 
 
 Hummel, Raymond E. — Pvt., Sheffield Detachment. 
 
 Hunt, Albert F. — Pvt., Ammunition Train. 
 
 Hunt, Everett — Capt., Air Service. 
 
 Hunt, Norris— 1st Lieut., Co. M, 364th Infantry. 
 
 Hutton, Charles M. — Ist-class Pvt., Aircraft Produc- 
 tion. 
 
 Ingersoll, Hayes — Ist-class Sgt., Sanitary Squad 44. 
 
 Jackman, Jay. 
 
 Jacobson, Herbert A. — Oiler, U. S. S. "Apache." 
 
 Jenney, Charles L. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Florida." In- 
 jured August, 1917. 
 
 Johengen, Martin F. — Corp., Co. C, 1 15th Supply Train. 
 
 Jones, Roy S. — Pvt., Headquarters Co. 
 
 Johnson, Alexander. 
 
 Johnson, Charles. 
 
 Juergens, Hubert — Pvt., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Juergens, Walter — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 311th In- 
 fantry. WG October, 1918. 
 
 Kaminski, Leo. 
 
 Kane, Hiram C. 
 
 Kearney, James. 
 
 Keller, Charles J.— Pvt., Co. A, 61st Infantry. 
 
 Kendall, Davenport — Corp., 102d Trench Mortar 
 Battery. 
 
Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 709 
 
 HAMBURG— Con. 
 
 Kendall, Frederick — 1st Lieut., 14th Cavalry. 
 Kerr, Samuel B.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 106th F. A. 
 Kester, Stuart B. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Kideney, Allison L.— Pvt., Co. B, 314th Field Artillery. 
 Kideney, Robert B.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 108th 
 
 Infantry. W. 
 Kinn, John H. — Corp. 
 Kirbis, Earl — Sailor, Navy. 
 Klein, Curtis W. — U. S. Marine Corps. 
 Klispie, Albert N. — Pvt., 462d Aero Squadron. 
 Klispie, Edwin C. — Sgt., Motor Transport Corps. 
 Knaak, Clarence A.— Sgt., Co. A, 304th Field Artillery. 
 Knaak, Raymond H. — Pvt., 299th Aerial Squadron. 
 Knapp, Raymond G. — Pvt., Aerial Gunnery School. 
 Knapp, Willis E.— C. M. G. Officers' Training School. 
 Koester, Charles L.— Pvt., Co. E, 108th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 17, 1918, France. 
 Koester, Louis — U. S. S. "Rhode Island." 
 Kohnen, Edward — U. S. Coast Survey. 
 Kohnen, Franklin— Pvt., Battery A, 304th Field Art'y. 
 Kronenberg, William — Ist-class Pvt., 16th Battalion, 
 
 U. S. Guards. 
 Kuenn, Clarence E.— Corp., S. A. T. C. 
 Kuenn, Frank B. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Kurtzman, William .J. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Nebraska." 
 Kyles, John S. 
 
 Lamy, Henry R. — U. S. S. "Newport." 
 Lamy, Howard J.— Pvt., Co. K, 323d Infantry. 
 Landsittel, George. 
 La Porte, Frank A. 
 Lepir, Samuel G.— Corp., Co. L, 108th Infantry. WA 
 
 September 29, 1918, France. 
 Lempke, J. K. 
 Lerczak, John. 
 Lerczak, Vincent. 
 Lisko, Michael. 
 Lisco, Nicholas. 
 Loader, Stanley J. — Pvt., Canadian Expeditionary 
 
 Force, 20th Battalion. WA May 12, 1917, France. 
 Lockwood, Norris W. — Sgt., 346th Machine Gun Bat- 
 talion. 
 Lord, Alvah L. — Naval Reserve. 
 Lorenz, Herman W. — Seaman, Navy. 
 Lorenz, Wilbert E. — Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps. 
 Lowe, Harold T.— Capt., 46th Infantry. WA April 
 
 12, 1918, France. 
 Lucas, Alden. 
 
 Ludlow, Ralph— Pvt., Co. A, 304th Field Artillery. 
 Lutomski, Frank J.. 
 
 Machmer, Clayton C. — Pvt., 1st M. M. Regiment. 
 Mack, Wm. H.— Pvt., Battery F, 320th Field Artillery. 
 Macken, Frank J. — Pvt., 11th First Army Replacement 
 
 Depot. 
 Mackenzie, George B. — Sgt., Co. L, 5th Ohio. 
 MacKenzie, John — Corp., 5th Regiment, U. S. Marine 
 
 Corps. 
 MacMillan, John R.— 1st Lieut., Co. A, 304th Tank 
 
 Corps. 
 McAllester, Frank R. — Corp., Headquarters Co., 25th 
 
 Field Artillery. 
 
 McBride, James. 
 
 McDevitt, Earl H. 
 
 McGarry, Neil. 
 
 McGee, Earl A. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, Naval 
 Reserve. 
 
 McGee, Glenn — Electrician, 403d Field Signal Battalion. 
 
 McGuire, George H.— Pvt., Casual Co. 60. 
 
 McKallup, Robert— Ist-class Pvt., Co. A, 346th Inf. 
 
 Macken, F. J. — Pvt., 11th Field Artillery. Injured 
 November, 1918. 
 
 Magnet, Glen E. 
 
 Magnussen, Eric. 
 
 Mahlberg, Jos. M. 
 
 Manous, Steve. 
 
 Mapel, Edwin L. — Pvt., Co. D, Ordnance. 
 
 Mardt, Arthur F. — Seaman, U. S. Guards. 
 
 Marshall, Thomas S.— Pvt., Battery D, 304th F. A. 
 
 Martovich, Steven. 
 
 Mason, Everett H.— Pvt., Co. F, 87th Infantry. 
 
 Mauser, Anthony — Ist-class Pvt., Co. C, Ordnance. 
 
 May, Joseph J. 
 
 Maybach, Roy G. — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Maher, Bernard S. — Gunner, 5th Canadian Siege Ar- 
 tillery. WG May 27, 1918, France. 
 
 Maher, James H., Jr. — Driver, 48th Howitzer Artillery. 
 WG January, 1917, Ypres. 
 
 Mapel, Edwin L. — Pvt., Co. D, Ordnance Department. 
 
 May, Joseph J.— Pvt., Co. M, 319th Infantry. WG 
 September 17, 1918, France. 
 
 Merz, Carl — Corp., 51st Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Meyer, Addis F.— Corp., Co. M, 311th Infantry. WA 
 November 3, 1918, France. 
 
 Meyers, James Blaine. 
 
 Meyers, James B.— Pvt., Co. A, 346th Battalion, Tank 
 Corps. 
 
 Mignerey, Arthur A. — Medical Detachment, 302d Sup- 
 ply Train. 
 
 Milholland, Richard G.— U. S. S. "Florida." 
 
 Milholland, William. 
 
 Miller, Fillmore — Mechanic, Co. C, 12th Battalion. 
 
 Miller, Fred H.— Seaman, U. S. S. "Vernon." ' 
 
 Miller, John J.— Pvt., Co. D, 58th Infantry. 
 
 Minderler, Emil— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th Inf. 
 
 Minkel, Amos J. — 1st Lieut., Base Hospital 98. 
 
 Minkel, Eugene— Sgt., Co. C, 308th Machine Gun Bat- 
 talion. W^G October, 1918, France. 
 
 Mitchell, Raymond W.— Capt., Co. B, 37th Engineers. 
 
 Moesch, demons A. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Lake Harris." 
 
 Mohr, Gordon — Corp., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Momberger, Edwin W.— Sgt., 309th Infantry. WA 
 November 1, 1918, France. 
 
 Momberger, Florence — 2d-class Yeoman, Navy. 
 
 Moore, Howard A.— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry. WA 
 October 25, 1918, France. 
 
 Movix, Herbert — Pvt. 
 
 Mulqueen, George F. 
 
 Mumbach, Raymond E.— Pvt., Co. F, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Murphy, Frank L. — Corp., Medical Supply Depot. 
 
 Naber, Edward J.— Pvt., Co. E, 106th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. WA September 29, 1918, France. 
 
710 
 
 Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 HAMBURG Con. 
 
 Nesselbusch, Clarence — Pvt., Co. A, 162d Infantry. 
 
 Neal, Rast J.— Pvt., Co. A, 108th Infantry. 
 
 Nelson, Christian D. 
 
 Newkirk, Earl— Pvt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Newton, Melville C— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Newton, Charles M. 
 
 Nicholson, Henry— Corp., Battery B, 336th F. A. 
 
 Norvich, Herbert W.— Pvt., Co. L, 108th Infantry. 
 
 Oaks, Frank — Wagoner, Co. L, 108th Infantry. 
 
 O'Connor, .John J. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 363d In- 
 fantry. WA October 6, 1918, France. 
 
 O'Connor, William F.— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Odell, Harold F.— Corp., 48th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 O'Haro, John. 
 
 Olsen, Vernon C. 
 
 Orts, Howard H.— Pvt., U. S. M. C. 
 
 Orts, Nelson J.— Pvt., U. S. Guards. 
 
 Owen, Grayden — Corp., 164th Infantry. 
 
 Page, Luches J. — Seaman, Great Lakes. 
 
 Palmer, Oliver C. — Sgt. -Major, Headquarters Co. 
 
 Palmer, Samuel G. — Corp., 311th Infantry. 
 
 Paul, Elmer M.— Pvt., 314th Field Remount. 
 
 Pauly, George M. — 2d Lieut., 4th Engineers. 
 
 Peters, Henry D. — Great Lakes. 
 
 Peters, George— Pvt., Supply Co., 309th Infantry. 
 
 Petrie, Albert J.— Pvt., 333d Supply Co. 
 
 Pfanner, Marvin. 
 
 Pflug, Clarence W. — Pvt., Students' Army Train. Corps. 
 
 Pflug, Edward J.— Pvt. 
 
 Pfohl, Joseph, Jr. 
 
 Phayre, Robert — Pvt. 
 
 Phillips, Arthur F.— Pvt., Battery B, 135th F. A. 
 
 Phillips, Frank— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry. WA 
 October, 1918, France. 
 
 Piatt, George A. — 2d Lieut., 3d Division. 
 
 Cited (or bravery at the Marne, July, 1918. 
 
 Platzer, Joseph, Jr. — Corp., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Pound, Clarence P.— Sgt., 326th Butchery. 
 
 Prado, Jose. 
 
 Purcell, Walter L. — Sgt., Headquarters Co., 55th Pion- 
 eer Infantry. 
 
 Quinn, John A.— Pvt., Co. I, 108th Infantry. WA Sep- 
 tember 29, 1918, France. 
 
 Quinn, Thomas — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Quinn, William — Corp., Co. A, 307th Engineers. 
 
 Rea, George P.— Captain, Co. B, 308th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. WG October, 1918, France. 
 
 Reid, Vernard — Pvt., Co. G, 303d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Reuther, Howard J. — Sgt., 42d Aero Squadron. 
 
 Riccio, Tom— Pvt., Co. C, 345th Regiment. 
 
 Richards, Fred P. — Pvt., Camp Dix. 
 
 Richardson, Roy W. — Pvt. 
 
 Rimer, Arthur W.— Sgt., 89th Co., Transport Corps. 
 
 Risher, James R. — Pvt., 171st Aero Squadron. 
 
 Robbins, Etta E. — Nurse, Red Cross. 
 
 Robinson, George F. — Pvt. 
 
 Romler, Morris J.— Pvt., 309th Field Artillery. 
 
 Rose, John S.— Pvt., U. S. M. C. 
 
 Roth, Arthur H.— Pvt., Co. A, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Rosenhahn, John M. — Pvt., Co. B, Military Police. 
 
 Roth, Arthur— Pvt., Co. A, 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Rucker, Clarence — Corp., 304th Field Artillery. WA 
 
 September 14, 1918, France. 
 Russow, Fred C. 
 
 Salisbury, Victor B.— Lieut., Mach. Gun Co., 325th Inf. 
 Salisbury, William. 
 Sanderson, Elry. 
 
 Sauer, Frank — Pvt., 8th Rd. Squadron. 
 Sauer, Harry C— Ist-class Pvt., Co. C, 326th F. S. Bn. 
 Saunders, Ellsworth C. — Ist-class Fireman, U. S. S. 
 
 " Minnesota." 
 Saunders, Lawrence M. — Student, Camp Humphrey, 
 
 Officers' Training School. 
 Saunders, Leonard M. — Pvt., November Automatic 
 
 Replacement Draft, Tank Corps. 
 Saunders, Lewis J. — Sgt., 11th Regiment, U. S. M. C. 
 Schaus, Martin. 
 Scheffler, Walter C. 
 
 Schiedel, Edward J.— Pvt., 305th Infantry. 
 Schmidt, Michael — Pvt., 303d Ammunition Train. 
 Schmitt, Frank M. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Meade." 
 Schnautz, John W. — Wagoner, Supply Co., 304th 
 
 Field Artillery. 
 Schoepflin, Paul H.— Corp., Co. L, 309th Infantry. 
 Schoepperle, Richard J. 
 
 Scholes, Anthony— Pvt., Co. F, 302d Supply Train. 
 Schroeder, George W.— Pvt., 290th Military Police. 
 Schultz, Frank. 
 
 Schumacher, Leo C. — 2d-class Seaman, Pelham Bay. 
 Schumaker, Leon R. — Ist-class Carpenter's Mate, 
 
 Naval Aviation. 
 Schupback, Reuben H. — Pvt., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 Schuster, Steven — Pvt., Navy. 
 Schutts, Milton W. — Pvt., Marine Detachment. 
 Schwartz, Emil E.— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Schwartz, Sam — Pvt. 
 
 Schwartzott, Simon H. — Pvt., Co. T, Ordnance Dept. 
 Schweikert, Alfred— Corp., 310th Unit Motor Supply T. 
 Schweikert, Carl J.— Sgt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 Sears, Walter — Pvt. 
 
 Seeger, Carl J. — Chief Carpenter, Navy. 
 Shaffer, Omar G.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. B, 50th Pioneers. 
 Shepard, Anna— Y. M. C. A. 
 
 Shepard, Henry W. — Sgt., 447th Reserve Labor Batt'n. 
 Shero, Herbert E. 
 
 Shoemaker, William A. — Corp., Motor Transport 684. 
 Smith, Clarence L.— Ist-class Pvt., Battery B, 106th 
 
 Field Artillery. 
 Smith, Frank M., Jr.— Machinist, U. S. S. "Meade." 
 Smith, Kenneth A. — 1st Lieut., 341st Labor Battalion, 
 
 Motor Corps. 
 Smith, Russell R.— Sgt., 311th Ambulance Co. 
 Snyder, Edgar L. — Corp., 302d Engineers. 
 Snyder, Henry. 
 
 Sprague, Irving P. — Corp., Co. M, 2d Replacements. 
 Stadler, Charles W.— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Supply Train. 
 Stanes, Thomas R. — Corp., Co. M, 7th Infantry. 
 Stang, Charles H.— Corp., 470th Motor Truck. 
 Stang, Frank, Jr. 
 Starkweather, W. D.— Pvt., 334th Batt'n, Tank Corps. 
 
Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 711 
 
 HAMBURG — Con. 
 
 U. S. S. "Zaraga." 
 
 Co. D, 112th Engineers. 
 
 Chief Watertender, 
 
 Steele, Thomas — Seaman, 
 Stenzel, Howard H. — Sgt. 
 Stoeber, Carl. 
 Stoeber, Harold C. — Assistant 
 
 U.S.S." Kansas." 
 Stokes, Alfred. 
 
 Stuart, Clinton C— Corp., Battery D, 304th F. A. 
 Stuart, Guy E. 
 
 Stulick, Chas. G.— Cook, Battery D, 106th F. A. 
 Sullivan, James. 
 
 Sullivan, Vincent A. — 14th Pro. Ordnance Co. 
 Sutter, Howard C— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 605th 
 
 Engineers. Injured December 7, 1918, France. 
 Talamo, George S. 
 
 Taylor, Elmer I.— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Supply Train. 
 Taylor, Thomas H.— 1st Sgt., Co. D, 303d Engineers. 
 Taylor, William J. — Sapper, Canadian Engineers. 
 Tesch, Willard H.— Ship Fitter, U. S. S. "Arizona." 
 Thompson, Clark B.— Pvt., Bat. B, 71st Reg. C. A. C. 
 Thompson, John G.— Pvt., Battery D, 304th F. A. 
 Thum, Raymond — Sgt. 
 Tillema, Myron E. — 2d-class Carpenter's Mate, U. S. 
 
 Seaplane School. 
 Titus, Tracy— Pvt., 
 Tobin, Jerry— U. S. 
 Trouvel, Emil W. 
 Trutt, Charles O.- 
 Tucker, George C.- 
 Tucker, Wilbert A.- 
 Turtle, David J. 
 Ueblacker, Clarence. 
 
 Ueblacker, Joseph — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Ueblacker, Norman L. — Fireman, Navy. 
 Van Brocklin, Gilbert R.— Seaman, U. S. S. ' 
 
 sota." 
 Van Duzee, Benjamin F. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps. 
 Van Duzee, Edward H. 
 
 11th Marines. 
 
 S. "Connecticut." 
 
 -Sgt., Coast Defense of Balboa. 
 — Ist-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Laub." 
 -Pvt. 
 
 ' Minne- 
 
 Von Selling, Adolph M. — Pvt., Headquarters Co. 
 
 Wagner, Charles J. 
 
 Walsh, James F.— Pvt. 
 
 Wanamaker, Louis A. — Pvt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. W. 
 
 Wannenwetch, Edward— Pvt., Battery F, 176th F. A. 
 
 Wannenwetsch, Theodore — Corp., 23d Base Hospital. 
 
 Warnick, Carl J.— Corp., Co. H, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Warren, Frank. 
 
 Washburn, Jack. 
 
 Weaver, Fred L.— U. S. M. C. 
 
 Weber, Aloysius W.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Welch, Rupert W. — Yeoman, U. S. S. "Minneapolis." 
 Injured January 3, 1918. 
 
 Wesp, Milford E. — Corp., Co. I, 3d Engineers. 
 
 White, Grant— Pvt., 304th Field Artillery. 
 
 Williams, George M. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U. D. 
 Training Station. 
 
 Williams, Norman E. — Corp., Motor Trans. Corps 357. 
 
 Williams, Robert F. — Corp., Co. B, Engineers. WA 
 September 11, 1918, France. 
 
 Williamson, Frank. 
 
 Williamson, Wm. E. 
 
 Wipperman, Howard G. — Sailor, Chelsea Hospital. 
 
 Wipperman, Louis W. — Corp., Tank Service 383. 
 
 Wittmeyer, Leon J. 
 
 Wojtkawicik, Steve J.— Pvt., U. S. M. C. 
 
 Woodruff, Kimble. 
 
 Wright, John C. — Lieut., Remount Depot 8. 
 
 Wyman, Hubert — Pvt., Canadian Engineers. 
 
 York, Rowan M. 
 
 Young, Alfred A.— 2d Lieut., 62d Infantry. 
 
 Young, Carl C— Pvt., Co. E, 19th Regiment. 
 
 Zagmester, Joseph. 
 
 Zinns, Sylvester M. — Pharmacist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 "Ryndam." 
 
 Zittel, Edward J.— Pvt., Battery D, 304th Field Artil- 
 lery. W August 10, 1918. 
 
 LACKAWANNA 
 
 Gold Star Men 
 Brennan, Patrick — Seaman, Great Lakes Station. DD July, 1918, Great Lakes, 111. 
 Cadden, Patrick — KA, France. 
 CoNSTANZi, Angelo — KA, France. 
 Gantozia, Marcus — KA October, 1918, France. 
 GiLBRiDE, Patrick — KA, France. 
 
 HOHLER, George H.— Pvt., Co. M. 307th Infantry. KA September 16, 1918, France. 
 KiRBY, James J. — 11th Engineers. D February, 1919, France. 
 Kosyek, Wincenty — Co. D, 306th Infantry. KA, France. 
 Krone, Joseph — Pvt., AK June, 1918, in Camp. 
 Mattone, Dominico — D Lackawanna. 
 Ostrich, Andrew — D. 
 
 SiGAFOOS, Floyd W.— Pvt., Co. H, 307th Infantry. DW January, 1919, France. 
 Tates, Arthur — Corp., Co. M, 108th Infantry. KA October, 1918, France. 
 ZoGUAic, Pete — KA, France. 
 
 Adante, Seconde. 
 
 Albrecht, Charles J.— Pvt., Co. C, Provost Guard. 
 
 Albrecht, John A. — Fireman, U. S. S. "Iowa." 
 
 Ali, Hamid. 
 Allen, Chas. J. 
 Angello, Luigi. 
 
712 
 
 Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 LACKAWANNA— Con. 
 
 Arbutino, Bosko. 
 
 Arteut, Edward T. 
 
 Austin, Clarence. 
 
 Austin, Lawrence. 
 
 Avery, George R. 
 
 Avery, John T. 
 
 Avery, Robert. 
 
 Baic, Paros. 
 
 Baker, John. 
 
 Baker, Leo— Pvt., Battery A, 342d Field Artillery. 
 
 Baker, Reginald B.— Pvt., Co. G, 19th Regiment. 
 
 Balon, Walter. 
 
 Bania, John. 
 
 Banks, Francis J. 
 
 Barclay, Merle F.— Pvt., Co. C, 12th Engineers. 
 
 Bardzik, Peter. 
 
 Baker, George. 
 
 Baker, Reginald B.— Co. G, 19th Regiment, Tank 
 
 Corps. 
 Barker, George. 
 Barker, John. 
 Barker, Louis S. 
 Barmos, George. 
 Barrett, William. 
 
 Battin, Joseph — Co. A, 308th Infantry. 
 Benia, John— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry. 
 Berger, Leo— Pvt., Battery A, 342d Field Artillery. 
 Benson, Edward — Pvt., Co. K, 1st Regiment. 
 Benson, Thomas W. 
 Benson, Walter. 
 
 Berger, Leo — Battery A, 342d Field Artillery. 
 Bitonic, Frank. 
 
 Black, John A., Jr. — Signalman, U. S. S. "Manchuria." 
 Blair, Eugene E. — Medical Department. 
 Blassio, Paul. 
 Blazo, Nicho. 
 Bodnasz, John. 
 Boguhn, John W. 
 Boltes, Joseph. 
 Bonklsuto, Salvatore. 
 Booth, Tunkey. 
 Borawitz, Sreven. 
 Brach, Jacob. 
 
 Brady, Dennis A.— Pvt., Co. K, 309th Infantry. 
 Brady, Joseph— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 Brainard, Edward. 
 Brajnovich, Nikola. 
 Brauch, Arthur. 
 Brzesmisk, Frank. 
 Buagher, Ernest. 
 Burch, Andrew 0. 
 
 Brunek, John— Pvt., Co. F, 328th Infantry. 
 Burns, Hubert A.— Pvt., Co. G, 59th Pioneers. 
 Busez, Joseph. 
 Butler, Francis. 
 Butler, James. 
 
 Butler, Patrick— Pvt., Co. F, 307th Infantry. 
 Butler, Timothy G. — Co. K, 1st Regiment, Casuals. 
 Byrne, Mark A. — Pvt., Co. B, General Headquarters, 
 
 Mihtary Police Corps. 
 
 Byrne, Leo A.— Pvt., 6th Field Artillery. WA October, 
 1918, France. 
 
 Byrne, Herbert A. — Pvt., Co. G, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Byrne, Gerald A. — Pvt., Troop A, 5th Cavalry. 
 
 Byrne, Leo A. 
 
 Byrne, Mark A. 
 
 Cadden, Patrick. 
 
 Caldwell, Clinton. 
 
 Caldwell, Jerome. 
 
 Calze, Salvatore. 
 
 Campbell, Alexander. 
 
 Canales, Eusquin. 
 
 Carey, James — Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Cavanaugh, James P. — Pvt., Co. B, 312th Infantry. 
 
 Cavanaugh, Jos. L. — Co. F, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Cavanna, Anthony. 
 
 Cerone, Carlo. 
 
 Cicala, Joseph. 
 
 Ciesla, Joseph. 
 
 Colbraith, 
 
 Coleman, James H. — U. S. Navy. 
 
 Conastrari, Steve — Pvt., Base Hospital 13. 
 
 Conway, James L. 
 
 Cook, Hamilton— Capt. Co. K, 308th Inf. W August 
 18, 1918, Vesle River; October 16, 1918, Argonne. 
 
 Corbett, Frank— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Corko, Marko. 
 
 Corone, Carlo. 
 
 Cosgrove, Walter — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 311th Inf. 
 
 Costanzi, Angelo. 
 
 Cox, Patrick. 
 
 Cuffles, Paul V.— Chief Mechanic, Battery E. 3d F. A. 
 
 Cyre, Delia V. 
 
 Daer, Francis. 
 
 Daley, Frank T.— Pvt., Co. I, 74th Regiment. Injured 
 May 13, 1917, Lackawanna, N. Y. 
 
 Daley, Joseph J. — Aviation. 
 
 Dallard, Elmer G. 
 
 Damstetter, Willie. 
 
 Daneluk, Wladek. 
 
 Danolinc, George. 
 
 Daor, Francis— Pvt., Co. B, 118th Field Artillery. 
 
 Davis, William T. — Assistant Engineer, U. S. S. "Mel- 
 ville." Injured on board ship. 
 
 Day, Ernest D.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Demchuk, John. 
 
 Denter, Louis. 
 
 Diballa, Michael. 
 
 Diccenzo, Vincenzo. 
 
 Dinder, Louis. • 
 
 DiPaula, Vincenzo. 
 
 Disanto, Fausto. 
 
 Donowick, Walter. 
 
 Drazdowski, Adam. 
 
 Duda, Lewis. 
 
 Dworak, Wicenty— Pvt., Co. L, 136th Infantry. 
 
 Dziedzina, John— Pvt., Co. G, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Dzonovich, Steve. 
 
 Ellis, Albert— U. S. S. "Indiana." Injured October 21, 
 1918, aboard ship. 
 
Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 713 
 
 LACKAWANNA— Con. 
 
 Ermati, Silvertina— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Errington, Robert N. — Lieut., Co. A, 303d Ammuni- 
 tion Train. 
 
 Fadie, Rube. 
 
 Falcone, Nichola. 
 
 Foley, William. 
 
 Feeney, Wm. Leo— Pvt., Battery C, 81st F. A. 
 
 Felighera, Michael. 
 
 Fenton, Frank G.— Pvt., 11th Co., Depot Brigade. 
 
 Ferilli, Luigi. 
 
 Fernotti, Emanuel — Pvt., Co. A, 11th Infantry. 
 
 Filip, Adolph F.— Pvt., 66th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Filopowski, Wicenti. 
 
 Fitzgerald, Jas. F.— Sgt., Co. K, 309th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Flick, Stanley— Pvt., Co. A, 320th Infantry. 
 
 Flick, Wm.— Pvt., Co. B, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Flis, Andrew. 
 
 France, Frank — Pvt., Co. M, 7th Infantry. 
 
 Frisolone, Vito. 
 
 Gabrielli, Ottario. 
 
 Gakubowich, Mikolai— Pvt., 19th Co., 157th Depot 
 Brigade. 
 
 Garcia, Ed. 
 
 Garrell, John J. 
 
 Garry, John. 
 
 Garvey, Mike J. 
 
 Garvin, Thomas. 
 
 Gatette, Howard. 
 
 Ganghan, Peter. 
 
 Gelanno, Charles W. 
 
 Gentzler, Wm. J. 
 
 Gheandore, August. 
 
 Gilman, Frank. 
 
 Glover, Thomas. 
 
 Gooda, Nich. 
 
 Gorman, George — Pvt., Co. H, 161st Infantry. 
 
 Graham, Joseph. 
 
 Grawbeiga, Peter— Pvt., Co. F, 328th Infantry. 
 
 Greham, Joseph. 
 
 Grzybowski, Jos. — Pvt., Co. B, 502d Engineers. 
 
 Grzbowski, Stanley — Pvt., Co. A, 312th Engineers. 
 
 Gughan, Peter. 
 
 Gugik, Joseph. 
 
 Guglieno, Onaeto— Pvt., Co. K, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Gura, Joseph. 
 
 Guyette, Howard — Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Gzegozewski, James. 
 
 Haas, Joseph E.— Pvt., 12th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Harding, Patrick J.— Co. L, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Harig, Richard F. — 2d-class Electrician, Naval Base. 
 
 Hayer, Joseph— Pvt., Co. C, 329th Infantry. 
 
 Henel, Elmore F. — Corp., Battery E, 45th Coast Art'y- 
 
 Hanel, Howard P. — Pvt., 311th Ambulance Corps. 
 
 Hennigan, Wm. V. 
 
 Herr, Edwin R.— Pvt., Co. F, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Herr, Herbert C— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Hidek, John. 
 
 Hill, Harry— 369th Infantry. 
 
 Horn, Emmet Wm.— Ist-class Pvt., 309th Infantry. 
 
 Holler, Wilbery J. 
 
 Hudick, John. 
 
 Irving, Leo — Pvt., Co. C, 13th Engineers. 
 
 Ivanoff, Levatso. 
 
 Jacobs, Carl A. — Pvt. 
 
 Janczyk, Pete. 
 
 Janiszeski, Felip. 
 
 Jankwski, Alfonse. 
 
 Janzik, Peter. 
 
 Jones, Edward. 
 
 Jones, Simon. 
 
 Jones, Thomas J. 
 
 Joses, Philip. 
 
 Joyce, John J. 
 
 Kalejak, John. 
 
 Kane, Wm. 
 
 Kaprul, Valentine. 
 
 Kasprzak, Andrew — Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Kastutura, Offic. 
 
 Kearney, James. 
 
 Kedreski, Roman. 
 
 Kee, Mark Ed.— 40th Balloon Co. 
 
 Keefe, Frank J.^Co. D, 57th Royal Fusiliers, Coast 
 
 Artillery. 
 Kelley, James R. 
 Kennedy, Thomas. 
 
 Kij, Anthony— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 Kij, Mark. 
 Klimecki, Joe. 
 Klyic, Steve. 
 Klzoich, Jake. 
 Knight, George. 
 Koaczewocz, Paul. 
 Kolenki, Janko. 
 Konczewocz, Paul. 
 
 Kornkorg, Paul— Pvt., Co. F, 328th Infantry. 
 Korwicki, Stanley — Co. C, 18th Machine Gun Battal'n. 
 Kosak, Joseph — Polish Army. 
 Koserich, Peter. 
 Kosititit, John. 
 Kozak, John. 
 Kosyek, Wincenty. 
 Krajenicic, Bozo. 
 
 Kramer, George E.— Pvt., 20th Photo Sec. 
 Kriva, Ignatz. 
 
 Krone, Herman — Pvt., 304th Field Artillery. 
 Krone, Samuel— Pvt., Co. H, 346th Infantry. 
 Kruger, Leo F. 
 Kruk, Martin. 
 Krvin, Ignatz. 
 Kulsey, Edward. 
 Kutera, John. 
 Labriole, Pasquale. 
 Lalita, Peter. 
 Langner, Julius P. 
 Lavelle, Timothy, Jr. 
 Leary, O. C. J. 
 Lechuk, Thomas. 
 Leonard, John. 
 Leonard, Joseph. 
 Lewis, Edward — Co. I, 345th'lnfantry. 
 
714 
 
 Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 LACKAWANNA— Con. 
 
 Liddell, Raymond. 
 
 Litwin, John J. 
 
 Lloyd, Fred. 
 
 Long, James. 
 
 Lykowski, Ignae. 
 
 Lysak, Ivan— Pvt., Co. F, 328th Infantry. 
 
 Macella, Augustus. 
 
 Mackinder, John. 
 
 Madden, William— Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Maflrage, Catter— Pvt., Co. M, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Mahoney, Daniel J. 
 
 Maliga, Joseph — Pvt., Co. B, 118th Engineers. 
 
 Maloney, Joseph — Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Manko, George. 
 
 Mann, Arthur. 
 
 Mangle, Charles. 
 
 Mariavich, Stanko. 
 
 Marin, Miguel J. 
 
 Marquetti, Anthony. 
 
 Marshall, Charles. 
 
 Martin, Chester W. 
 
 Masu, John. 
 
 Matikosh, Jovo. 
 
 Martin, Chester W. 
 
 Mattone, Dominico. 
 
 Matula, Frank — Co. I, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Matysicj, Walter. 
 
 Mawaczyk, Joseph. 
 
 McCaffney, John. 
 
 McCullor, Orris H. — Seaman, U. S. S. "Dubuque." 
 
 McCullough, Edgar W. 
 
 McDermott, Thomas. 
 
 McDonnah, Andrew. 
 
 McDonnell, Thomas. 
 
 McElroy, JohnC. 
 
 McEvoy, Roy — U. S. S. "Huntington." 
 
 McGarrell, Fred— Pvt., Sgt., Co. F, 307th Infantry. 
 
 McGavern, Joseph — 337th Battalion Tank Corps. 
 
 McGee, John. 
 
 McGinley, Thomas. WA. 
 
 McKeigney, Fred G.— Pvt., Co. F, 302d Engineers. 
 
 WA October 14, 1918, Argonne. 
 McGuire, Sabas — WA. 
 Medic, Frank. 
 Melewski, Stanley. 
 
 Merrick, Alphonse — Pvt., Co. M, 307th Infantry. 
 Michaels, Bernard — Co. G, 446th Infantry. 
 Mickovicz, Loni— Pvt., Co. D, 309th Infantry. 
 Mikalick, Frank— Co. K, 309th Infantry. 
 Mikovich, Joso— Co. F, 328th Infantry. 
 Milan, Ferris Z.— Pvt., Co. I, 346th Infantry. 
 Milishchuk, John. 
 Mitchell, Thomas. 
 Mizcinovich, Voco. 
 Mohammed, Alia. 
 Moll, Edward H. 
 Molowski, Stanley. 
 Moore, Arnold. 
 
 Morgan, Tony— Pvt., Co. M, 7th Infantry. 
 Mulhern, John J. 
 
 Munich, Nicholas — Pvt., 15th Co., 4th Division Batt'n. 
 
 Needham, Bernard. 
 
 Nesu, John. 
 
 Nicholoff, Welch— Pvt., Battery E, 343d Field Artillery. 
 
 Nowak, Walter— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry. 
 
 O'Brien, Francis. 
 
 Odkowski, John. 
 
 Oleszka, Wladislaw. 
 
 Olszufka, Joseph. 
 
 O'Mara, Richard A. 
 
 Ormsby, Robert J.— Pvt., 8th Co., 99th Division. 
 
 O'Rourke, Francis. 
 
 Owczarczyk, John. 
 
 Owens, Frank. 
 
 Owens, Henry. 
 
 Owozarczyk, John. 
 
 Pajak, Joseph. 
 
 Pandozzi, Silvio. 
 
 Pangewski, Stanley. 
 
 Panhartow, Fred- Pvt., Co. F, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Pappajoanon, Lonkas — Pvt., Co. I, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Pascurich, Peter. 
 
 Patwora, Stanley— Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Pawlok, Louis. 
 
 Pawolak, Sam. 
 
 Pcamski, John. 
 
 Pekoff, Sande. 
 
 Penharlow, Fred. 
 
 Percich, Ivan. 
 
 Perewcawicz, Nick. 
 
 Phihp, Adolf F. 
 
 Pickett, Thomas— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Pietricki, Luigi. 
 
 Pino, Anthony — Co. M, 7th Infantry. 
 
 Piore, Pietro. 
 
 Piwlowski, Stanley— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Plagljanic, Joe. 
 
 Plesca, Peter. 
 
 Poamski, John. 
 
 Polanski, Rudolph. 
 
 Polinski, Leo. 
 
 Prenett, Royal. 
 
 Prado, Joseph. 
 
 Prenett, Arthur X. 
 
 Prenzyna, Stanley. 
 
 Purcell, Michael H.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Purcell, Patrick J. 
 
 Quinn, Frank. 
 
 Quinlan, John J. 
 
 Radisch, Peter. 
 
 Radmonovic, Milan. 
 
 Rak, Joe. 
 
 Ranich, Ely. 
 
 Raxlag, Jasper. 
 
 Redmonwich, Milon. 
 
 Reed, Henry A.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 309th Inf. 
 
 Regan, William J.— Pvt., 326th Machine Gun Battalion 
 
 Reipe, Raymond T. — Seaman, U. S. S. " Dale." 
 
 Renthes, John G., Jr. 
 
 Ristoff, Vasil. 
 
Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 715 
 
 LACKAWANNA— Con. 
 
 Robinson, Ralph. 
 
 Roccao, .Janika. 
 
 Roche, Wm. L.— Pvt., Co. H, 21st Inf. 
 
 Rochwood, Wm. 
 
 Rodek, Steve. 
 
 Rudda, John F. 
 
 Rudek, Steve. 
 
 Rusko, John. 
 
 Russito, Giuseppi. 
 
 Ryan, John J.— Ist-class Blacksmith, U. S. N. R. F. 
 
 Sahc, Stojan. 
 
 Salonus, Charles. 
 
 Salonus, Edward. — U. S. Navy. 
 
 Salva, John. 
 
 Salva, Michael— Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Sarlach, Mathew. 
 
 Satchwell, Wm.— Pvt., Battery C, 325th Field Artillery. 
 
 Seabowski, Wm. — Pvt., Co. M, 118th Engineers. 
 
 Schalowski, Samuel. 
 
 Schopp, John G. 
 
 Schreler, Stanley. 
 
 Schultz, Fred B.— Corp., Battery C, 335th F. A. 
 
 Schupback, Ruben H.— Pvt., Co. 45, 153d Depot Brig. 
 
 Schwartz, Emil E.— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Scott, Harry Alexander. 
 
 Scrobacz, Frank. 
 
 Scully, Basil — Co. A, 3d Engineers. 
 
 Selinski, Mike. 
 
 Seifke, Ferdinand J. 
 
 Serafin, Joseph — Co. H, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Serafin, Stanley — Great Lakes. 
 
 Serafin, Thadeus. 
 
 Shea, Daniel A.— Pvt., U. S. M. C. 
 
 Shea, Daniel. 
 
 Shea, Francis P.— Pvt., Co. E, 13th Regiment. 
 
 Shea, Francis R. 
 
 Shea, James J. 
 
 Shea, John J.— Corp., Co. H, 307th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 2, 1918, Argonne. 
 Shea, John. 
 Shea, William. 
 Sickaw, Adolph. 
 
 Sikowski, Boleslaw— Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 Silveri, Domonici. 
 Sipos, Stephen. 
 
 Skaloski, Karol— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 312th Inf. 
 Skinbicz, Frank. 
 Skoniezka, Peter. 
 Skozyck, Wicenty. 
 Skroback, Joseph B. 
 Skrzynski, Stanislaw. 
 
 Skudnik, Pete— Pvt., 22d Co., 3d Battalion. 
 Skurzynski, George — Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry. 
 Slabian, Frank. 
 Sladz, Wicenty. 
 Slavinic, Elhi. 
 Slever, Walter. 
 Smelanish, Joseph. 
 Smilanic, George. 
 Smith, Kenneth Allan. 
 
 Smolarek, Felix— Pvt., Co. M, 124th Infantry. 
 
 Smolarek, Michael. 
 
 Sobljan, Slowko. 
 
 Solinski, Mike. 
 
 Spara, John. 
 
 Spara, Stanley. 
 
 Spicer, Ira J. 
 
 Stabp, Karl. 
 
 Stachowak, Michael- Pvt., Co. G, 308th Infantry. 
 
 Stankowski, E. — Deserter. 
 
 Stankowski, Edw. — U. S. S. "Agamemnon." 
 
 Stasciak, Walter. 
 
 Stavro, Nambe. 
 
 Stawsky, Edward. 
 
 Stawsky, William. 
 
 Stelmach, Michael. 
 
 Stesciak, Walter— Pvt., Co. M, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Steviak, Jan. 
 
 Stojanovich, Samuel. 
 
 Struebing, Allen. 
 
 Sumbrum, Bartley A. 
 
 Surytka, Joseph. 
 
 Sutherland, Axel A. 
 
 Sycanich, Joseph. 
 
 Szenina, George. 
 
 Syke, Stanley. 
 
 Szworojiel, Stanley. 
 
 Sacubucci, Giuseppe. 
 
 Tacubucci, Giuseppe — Pvt., Co. B, 65th Engineers. 
 
 Taholl, Nicholas. 
 
 Tarnowski, William — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Taraga, Domet. 
 
 Tates, Arthur. 
 
 Taylor, Harold. 
 
 Terrose, Frank. 
 
 Thomas, David R. 
 
 Thompson, Nick. 
 
 Tojek, Thomas— Pvt., Co. A, 312th Engineers. 
 
 Tokaryzk, Christ. 
 
 Tomczak, Alexander — Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Tomczak, Barney — Co. C, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Tomczak, Casmer. 
 
 Tomczak, Joseph. 
 
 Tomera, Dominic. 
 
 Traut, William E.— Pvt., Co. C, 18th Regiment. WA 
 
 July 18, 1918, Chateau Thierry. 
 Traut, William E. — 53d Pioneers. 
 Trecifl, Nicholas. 
 Troga, Domet. 
 Trychefl, Nicholas. 
 Tsholl, Nicholas. 
 Tuko, Antoni. 
 
 Tunney, James V. — 103d Signal Battalion. 
 Turong, Walter — WA, France. 
 Tusquin, Canales. 
 Nglik, Tony. 
 Urbonjka, Carl. 
 Vada, Lewis. 
 Varmos, George. 
 Verielli, Biogro. 
 
716 
 
 Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 LACKAWANNA— Con. 
 
 Vinchowski, Peter. 
 
 Vito, Poscuarella. 
 
 Volasorich, Wlasly — 82d Battalion, Camp Dix. 
 
 Wagenbach, Geo. E. 
 
 Walsh, James— Pvt., Co. I, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Walsh, Leonard. 
 
 Wantuck, Joseph. 
 
 Walter, Charles. 
 
 Want, Peter. 
 
 Wantuck, Joseph. 
 
 Walter, Charles. 
 
 Wasatowicki, Joseph — Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Welch, Leonard— Pvt., 306th Infantry. WA. 
 
 Wenz, Harvey. 
 
 Wenz, Raymond. 
 
 Wesatowicki, Joseph. 
 
 Wicker, Frank— Pvt., Co. F, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Wicker, Stanley— Pvt., Co. F, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Wilson, Frank— 346th Supply Co. 
 
 Wilson, WilHam— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Wojik, Mike. 
 
 Woodward, Roy B. 
 
 Wunezek, Michael. 
 
 Young, Arthur A.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Yrukovich, George. 
 
 Yurgic, Joseph. 
 
 Zaborowski, Alex. 
 
 Zak, Jacob. 
 
 Zak, John— Pvt., 302d Engineers. 
 
 Zaoadam, Ignatz. 
 
 Zarkvsk, George. 
 
 Zawadsky, John— Co. A, 14th Regiment, B. F. 0. D. 
 
 Zecker, William. 
 
 Zelaska, Peter. 
 
 Zeschuk, Peter. 
 
 Zyke, Stanley. 
 
 LANCASTER 
 
 Gold Star Men 
 Adolf, Orlo J. — Seaman, U. S. Navy. DD Great Lakes. 
 CziAK, John— KA June 26, 1918, France. 
 
 Garus, Stephen — Corp., Co. I, 305th Infantry. KA October 3, 1918, Argonne. 
 Howell, Charles— Sgt., DD March 23, 1918, Camp Lee. 
 Janecko, Michael — KA, France. 
 
 KiRKPATRiCK, Jas. W.— Sgt., Co. M, 309th Infantry. DW October 17, 1918, Grand Pre. 
 KozAK, Stanislaw — Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps. KA France. 
 Robinson, Harry G. — D. 
 Santa Maria, Samuel — D. 
 
 Strite, Raymond — Base Hospital 23. D October 9, 1918, France. 
 Szyperski, Edward— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Infantry. DW, France. 
 Wielkiewicz, Frank — KA September 5, 1918, France. 
 
 Adams, Robert. 
 
 Adamski, Walter. 
 
 Adolf, Charles. 
 
 Adolf, Edward. 
 
 Ahlstrom, Charles G. — U. S. S. "Arizona." 
 
 Albrecht, Harry D. 
 
 Aldinger, Robert A. 
 
 Aldrich, Smith E. 
 
 Ambrosio, Angelo. 
 
 Anderjwski, Felix. 
 
 Anderson, George J. 
 
 Anderson, Oscar. 
 
 Andromidas, Elias J. — 153d Depot Brigade, Camp Dix. 
 
 Antonio, Telati. 
 
 Armbrust, Peter L. 
 
 Armstrong, Grover. 
 
 Ash, Edgar. 
 
 Atkins, Walter. 
 
 Babieraj, John. 
 
 Baccari, Alexandro. 
 
 Baccaro, Michael. 
 
 Bach, Joseph. A. — Engineer Corps. 
 
 Bach, Peter N. 
 
 Balcchino, Angelo. 
 
 Balduf, WiUiam. 
 
 Bangier, S. — 19th Engineers. 
 
 Bardol, Howard. 
 
 Bardol, Raymond D.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Baron, Frank. 
 
 Bartnick, John. 
 
 Basher, William J. — WA, France. 
 
 Bauer, Edward J. 
 
 Bauer, Joseph C. 
 
 Bauer, Harry. 
 
 Bauer, John. 
 
 Bauer, Norbert W. 
 
 Baxley, Leon. 
 
 Bealer, Fred. 
 
 Bednarz, Joseph. 
 
 Beechler, Glen. 
 
 Beels, Alfred— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Benson, Albert. 
 
 Berendt, Edward— U. S. S. "Von Steuben.' 
 
 Berent, Jacob F. 
 
 Berry, Edward J. 
 
 Besch, Joseph E. 
 
 Biambi, Angelo. 
 
 Bieber, Raymond — Curtiss Plant. 
 
Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 717 
 
 LANCASTER— Con 
 
 Binz, Frank. 
 
 Birkenmeier, Edmund — U. S. S. "Prairie." 
 
 Blair, Frank F. 
 
 Blanco, Carmelo. 
 
 Blazejowski, Julius. 
 
 Bluhm, Roy. 
 
 Bobjas, John. 
 
 Bodaik, Boleslau. 
 
 Bogdan, Joseph. 
 
 Boiler, William G.— Pvt., Supply Co., 343d Infantry. 
 
 Bommer, W. Henry— Pvt., Supply Co., 326th Infantry. 
 
 Bonaldi, Abram. 
 
 Bonasky, Stanley. 
 
 Borercz, Mikoley. 
 
 Borko, Antony. 
 
 Bowman, Fred. 
 
 Briggs, Carlton B.— Lieut., 106th Field Artillery. 
 
 Brocck, John. 
 
 Broscia, Al. 
 
 Brown, Henry P. — U. S. S. "Columbia." 
 
 Brown, Joseph. 
 
 Brown, Thomas J. — Merchant Marine. 
 
 Brownell, Richard. 
 
 Bruce, Leonard — U. S. S. "Iowa." 
 
 Bryla, Martin. 
 
 Buchnat, Stanislaw. 
 
 Buchner, Joseph. 
 
 Buckheimer, John H. 
 
 Bugenhagen, Fred. 
 
 Burckhardt, C. E.— Sgt., Candidate School. 
 
 Burdick, Glen E.— Radio Operator, U. S. N. R., Great 
 
 Lakes. 
 Burgasser, Joseph. 
 Burns, Joseph A. 
 Burcynski, John A. 
 Bush, Ray. 
 Butler, George. 
 Byersmith, Fred G. 
 
 Byron, Edward— Radio Opr., U. S. N. R., Great Lakes. 
 Cacasimo, Anthony L. 
 Cady, Myron. 
 Calkins, Albert. 
 
 Calo, Carlo— Pvt., 106th Field Artillery. 
 Cant, Andrew M. — Corp., Co. B, 102d Engineers. 
 Carlson, Emil. 
 
 Carlson, Fred — Pvt., Coast Artillery Corps. 
 Carmelo, Faillo. 
 Carsia, Antonio. 
 Cary, Joseph B. 
 Chowaniec, Benjamin. 
 Church, Lawrence J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 Clark, Baxton L. 
 Clough, Arthur. 
 Cocchi, Mariano. 
 Cocchi, Joseph. 
 Cocchi, Peter. 
 
 CoflFed, Earl J.— U. S. N. R., Great Lakes. 
 Coleman, James. 
 Collins, Alfred. 
 Collins, John H. 
 
 Conciatore, Nicolo. 
 
 Condello, Dominic. 
 
 Condello, Joseph. 
 
 Conder, Felix. 
 
 Conoscenti, Jack. 
 
 Crabstee, Homer. 
 
 Cretekos, Nicholas. 
 
 Cullen, Charles P., Jr. 
 
 Cunningham, Edward — S. A. T. C. 
 
 Gushing, Robert H.— Lieut., Fort Sill. 
 
 Czaya, Albert. 
 
 Cyza, Mike. 
 
 Czubia, John. 
 
 Czyminski, Stanislaw. 
 
 Dalconza, Vitu. 
 
 Dalimonte, Tony. 
 
 Damao, John. 
 
 Darlington, Robert — Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Davis, George A., Jr. — Captain, Camp Lee. 
 
 Davis, Harold B. 
 
 Davis, John. 
 
 Deck, Julius M. 
 
 DeCoux, Daniel — Sgt. 
 
 Delbrocco, Anthony. 
 
 DeMaun, William. 
 
 Dembick, Thomas. 
 
 Demerly, Lawrence L. 
 
 Demerley, Lee M. 
 
 Dentinger, Fred. — U. S. S. "Roanoke." 
 
 Deutschlander, Fred. 
 
 Dickinson, Merle. 
 
 Diericorio, Alexandre. 
 
 Diesfeld, Gerhard. 
 
 Dipelas, Eraso. 
 
 Distefano, Joseph. 
 
 Diveroli, Cesare. 
 
 Dobbins, Michael— U. S. N. R. 
 
 Dobbins, Thomas P. 
 
 Domeni, Frank. 
 
 Dominici, Adelmo. 
 
 Druzynski, Joseph. 
 
 Duda, Peter— Pvt., 106th Field Artillery. 
 
 Dudaj, Piotr. 
 
 Duffy, Terrance. 
 
 Dugan, William J. 
 
 Durso, Salvatore. 
 
 Dworzanowski, Casimir. 
 
 Dworzanowski, Joseph H. 
 
 Eckert, George M. 
 
 Egan, James, Jr. 
 
 Ehrgott, Frank A. 
 
 English, Joseph C. 
 
 English, Pierce W. 
 
 Enser, Albert C. 
 
 Enser, Linus. 
 
 Esposito, Frank. 
 
 Ewing, James F. 
 
 Ezywinski, Stanislau. 
 
 Fahrer, Louis. 
 
 Fernandez, Antonio G. 
 
718 
 
 Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 LANCASTER— Con. 
 
 Feuerstein, J. — 19th Engineers. 
 
 Finck, Fred. 
 
 Firore, Anthony. 
 
 Firore, Giuseppe. 
 
 Fisher, Andrew. 
 
 Fisher, Floyd J. 
 
 Fitniecki, Walter. 
 
 Fitzgerald, Maurice J. — 19th Engineers, France. 
 
 Flading, August. 
 
 Fleiss, John. 
 
 Fliwowski, Anthony — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Flynn, John J. 
 
 Forsythe, J. R. 
 
 Fowler, Bronze. 
 
 Fowler, Lester. 
 
 Fowler, Alvin— Pvt., U. S. M. C. 
 
 Fox, George H. 
 
 Freie, Barney W. 
 
 Fremont, George E. 
 
 Frensmoni, Joseph. 
 
 Freyberger, M. — 19th Engineers. 
 
 Frick, William W. 
 
 Fron, Stanley. 
 
 Fulton, Kelley. 
 
 Fuzzelli, Klyes. 
 
 Gabrielli, Giovanni. 
 
 Gallotti, Joseph. 
 
 Garbulski, John. 
 
 Garus, John. 
 
 Geary, Lester — Boston Navy Yard. 
 
 Gehring, Carl. 
 
 Geltner, Walter. 
 
 Gerber, Albert. 
 
 Gerrmer, Edward C. 
 
 Gernondt, Charles P. 
 
 Gessler, George. 
 
 Gettings, Lloyd W. — Corp., 8th Regiment, U. S. Marine 
 
 Corps. 
 Gettings, Roland J. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Getzin, Edward. 
 
 Geyer, Frank J. — U. S. Naval Reserves, Great Lakes. 
 Geyer, William J. 
 Gianacapulos, Gus. 
 Grat, Cazner. 
 Gibbin, Edward F. 
 Gillo, Michael. 
 Girada, John. 
 
 Girardin, Alvin — U. S. S. "Von Steuben." 
 Gisnacopulos, Constantine. 
 Glanz, Chester A. — WA, France. 
 Glenski, Brownie. 
 
 Goetz, William P. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Gofoit, Stanley. 
 Goldbach, Charles. 
 
 Goldbach, John — Sgt., Co. A, 65th Engineers. 
 Goluk, Alex. 
 Gonder, Felix. 
 Goricki, Adam. 
 Gorecki, Florince. 
 Gorski, Michael S. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Gowalczyk, Ignatz. 
 
 Gowalski, Mike. 
 
 Graf, Harold J.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. (Canisius). 
 
 Gramlich, Gustave. — Lt. Medical Corps. 
 
 Gramlich, Henry F. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Gramza, Frank S.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. (Canisius). 
 
 Gramza, Henry F. 
 
 Graney, Charles S. 
 
 Grant, Hilbert W. 
 
 Green, David. 
 
 Green, John, Jr. 
 
 Green, Newell T. 
 
 Green, Warren D. 
 
 Greis, Carl R. 
 
 Griffith, Ward E. 
 
 Grisco, Raymond. 
 
 Grsebyk, Jan. 
 
 Gruszka, Stanislau. 
 
 Gryta, Macij. 
 
 Grzybowski, Pawet. 
 
 Guernsey, Raymond L. 
 
 Guerrino, Bracci. 
 
 Guilbert, W. J.— Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Gyza, Mike. 
 
 Haag, Albert C— Pvt., 106th Field Artillery. 
 
 Hardsll, Earl. 
 
 Haess, John. 
 
 Hahn, Albert J. 
 
 Hahn, John. 
 
 Halbert, Harrison S. 
 
 Halinski, Wladyslau. 
 
 Halligan, James P. — Lt., Engineer Corps. 
 
 Halter, Peter J.— Pvt., Co. L, 7th Infantry. 
 
 Hamilton, John. 
 
 Hammond, George. 
 
 Harms, William. 
 
 Harper, Russell T. 
 
 Harris, Max — Navy. 
 
 Hasenflug, Raymond — Sgt. 
 
 Hoskins, Willard D. — Pvt., American Ambulance. 
 
 Haungs, Max, Jr.— U. S. S. "Ohio." 
 
 Haungs, Peter C. 
 
 Havice, Luther. 
 
 Havice, Paul E. 
 
 Heintz, Carl F. 
 
 Helwig, William. 
 
 Hennessey, Arthur D. 
 
 Hennessey, William C. 
 
 Henrietta, Ray— Pvt., 108th Infantry. 
 
 Herbold, Henry— Pvt., 302d Engineers. 
 
 Hessler, John W. 
 
 Hewitt, Raymond. 
 
 Hewson, Edward. 
 
 Hill, Leonard. 
 
 Heyza, Frank. 
 
 Heyza, Leonard. 
 
 Hillenbrant, Otto. 
 
 Hilliard, Benny. 
 
 Hock, Howard W. 
 
 Hodges, Lee. 
 
Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 719 
 
 LANCASTER— Con. 
 
 Hoffman, Henry. 
 
 Hoke, George J. 
 
 Holloday, John. 
 
 Hourihan, Neil J. 
 
 Hug, Edward. 
 
 Hughes, Charles. 
 
 Hughes, Frank. 
 
 Hulburt, Edw. C. 
 
 Hulbert, William T. 
 
 Hummel, Robert G. — Orderly, Exemption Board. 
 
 Hurley, Frank E. — WA, France. 
 
 Hutchinson, R. E.— Pvt., Battery B, 106th F. A. 
 
 Hyburg, Victor. 
 
 Hycz, Sczepan. 
 
 Ignasik, Frank. 
 
 Janiecki, Mike. 
 
 Jaworski, Michael. 
 
 Ida, Frank. 
 
 Ignasiak, Maxwell J. — U. S. S. "Dakota." 
 
 Irish, Charles — Lieut., Medical Corps. 
 
 Isherwood, James — New London Navy Yard. 
 
 Israel, Norman — Medical Corps. 
 
 Italion, Casimo. 
 
 Izzo, Sebastian. 
 
 James, Arthur C. — Lieut., Medical Corps. 
 
 Jarocki, Julian. 
 
 Jaworski, Michael. 
 
 Johnson, J. Edward. 
 
 Jefferson, John. 
 
 Johnson, John L. 
 
 Jendyk, Jozef. 
 
 Johnson, David. 
 
 Johnson, Victor — U. S. S. "Winchester." 
 
 Jones, Bruce P. 
 
 Kaminiasz, Peter. 
 
 Kania, Walter. 
 
 Kapusciuski, Jozef. 
 
 Kasperski, Ignacy. 
 
 Kaszko, Laszili. 
 
 Keller, Vintie. 
 
 Kelly, D. J.— 19th Engineers. 
 
 Kelly, Fred H. — Pvt., Veterinary Corps. 
 
 Kelly, James O. 
 
 Kemnitzer, Albert J. 
 
 Kepco, Anton. 
 
 Kepler, Victor — Merchant Marine. 
 
 Kessel, George W. 
 
 Kessel, Roy G. 
 
 Kewinski, Tomasz. 
 
 Khalif, Leo. 
 
 Kieffier, Charles. 
 
 Kieffier, Franklin. 
 
 Kieffer, Henry J. 
 
 Kihl, Simon. 
 
 Kikta, Francis. 
 
 King, Howard. 
 
 Kinnen, Elmer. 
 
 Kittle, Alanson. 
 
 Klaia, Joseph— Pvt., Co. M, 108th Infantry. 
 
 Klein, Lawrence. 
 
 Klemp, Eugene R.— S. A. T. C. (Canisius) 
 
 Knab, John G. 
 
 Knauber, Leo V. 
 
 Knauber, Raymond. 
 
 Knott, Alfred. 
 
 Koch, Charles W.— Pvt., 36th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Koch, Edward F.— Pvt., Co. E, 327th Infantry. 
 
 Kocher, Otto J. 
 
 Kock, Herbert. 
 
 Koenig, Anthony. 
 
 Kolodziedyk, Stanislau. 
 
 Konka, Leopold. 
 
 Konwiczka, Charles. 
 
 Konwiczka, Frank D. — Branch 284, Armed Guard. 
 
 Konwiczka, Louis S. — U. S. S. "Leviathan." 
 
 Kooper, Peter. 
 
 Kopec, Antoni. 
 
 Kornacki, Chester. 
 
 Koscinski, Stanley. 
 
 Kotansky, Michael. 
 
 Kotowski, Felicks. 
 
 Kozak, Stanislau. 
 
 Kranak, Kostak. 
 
 Krawczyk, Marciu. 
 
 Krehl, Benjamin — Merchant Marine. 
 
 Krol, Jan. 
 
 Kruschke, Albert. 
 
 Krusos, Spiros. 
 
 Kruzzattit, Andrew. 
 
 Kryzzewski, Louis. 
 
 Kulowski, Harry — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Kuratz, Wasyl. 
 
 Kus, Antoni. 
 
 Kutain, Sam. 
 
 Kwasniak, Michael. 
 
 Laguda, Tony. 
 
 Lamonica, Vincenzo. 
 
 Lament, Alfred. 
 
 Lance, George — WA (Lost both legs), France. 
 
 Landahl, Fred. 
 
 Landahl, William F.— Pvt., Mach. Gun Co., 157th Inf. 
 
 Langa, Frank. 
 
 Lawler, Arthur. 
 
 Lawrence, Michael. 
 
 Lawniznak Vincent, Depew, N. Y. 
 
 Leahy, Charles J. — WA, France. 
 
 Lebert, Frank. 
 
 Leininger, Bertram. 
 
 Lepumo, Vincent. 
 
 Lesczynski, Michael. 
 
 Lewandowski, Barney. 
 
 Lewandowski, Joseph. 
 
 Lewandowski, Steven. 
 
 Lewis, Bert. 
 
 Librera, Sam. 
 
 Libowski, Wincenty 
 
 Linde, Raymond. 
 
 Lindholm, G. Fred. 
 
 Linton, Clifford M. 
 
 Liposki, Anthony. 
 
720 
 
 Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 LANCASTER— Con. 
 
 Litchofski, A. — 19th Engineers. 
 
 Loecher, Theodore W. 
 
 Loesch, Chester — U. S. S. "Iowa." 
 
 Lowery, William — WA, France. 
 
 Lucas, James. 
 
 Luciano, Noatale. 
 
 Luderman, Wallace. 
 
 Ludwig, Joseph S. 
 
 Lysiak, Mike. 
 
 Mack, Joseph A. 
 
 Mackey, Clarence H. — Captain, Medical Corp, Camp 
 
 Greene. 
 Madison, J. D. — U. S. S. "Pennsylvania." 
 Magel, Jan. 
 Maggione, Felix. 
 Malecki, John. 
 
 Malinewski, Stanislau — 19th Engineers. 
 Mallory, C. B. — 19th Engineers. 
 Malzam, Henry J. 
 Marcello, Paul. 
 Maria, Samuel S. 
 Marinelli, Harry. 
 Marki, Frank. 
 Marki, John F. 
 Martin, Cecil E. 
 Marusawki, Tofil. 
 
 Mary, Jacob G. — 2d Lieut., School of Aeronautics. 
 Mary, John J. — Pvt., 2d Ammunition Train. 
 Matacz, Michael. 
 Matteson, Leander. 
 Mausu, Brandi. 
 Maute, Elmer. 
 Mazurek, Stanislau. 
 McGrath, James. C. 
 McGuire, Wm. Jr. 
 McGuire, Michael J. 
 McHugh, Leonard J. 
 Mclsaac, James C. 
 McKenzie, Ralph. 
 McLeron, James. 
 
 McLeron, .John — U. S. S. "Mississippi." 
 McNally, John J. 
 McQuillan, Frank T. L. 
 Meagher, Fjank E. 
 Meneck, Juim. 
 Menne, Donato. 
 Metz, Roy G. 
 Michel, Lawrence. 
 Migleccio, Michael. 
 Miklinski, Leo. 
 Mikosa, Gregory. 
 Miles, George E. 
 
 Miles, Thomas H.— U. S. N. Ammunition Depot. 
 Millen, Leslie. 
 Miles, Malcolm E. 
 Miller, Adolph. 
 Miller, Herman. 
 Miller, Malcolm. 
 Millinski, Leo. 
 Mills, Gregory. 
 
 Mink, George — Central Officers' Training School. 
 
 Mohr, Jacob C. 
 
 Mokan, Stephen — U. S. Navy. 
 
 Molinaro, Russell. 
 
 Motz, Roy G. 
 
 Mondzik, Jan. 
 
 Moody, Chas. C. — WA, France. 
 
 Moody, Thomas. 
 
 Mook, Edmund W. 
 
 Mook, H. R. — Veterinary Corps, Lt. 
 
 Mook, Harvey J. — U. S. Navy. 
 
 Morgan, Henry. 
 
 Mosack, Arthur — U. S. S. "Minnesota." 
 
 Mosack, Charles. 
 
 Mosack, Joseph A. 
 
 Mostrang, Jozef. 
 
 Motz, Harry. 
 
 Motz, William. 
 
 Mullaney, John. 
 
 Munson, Ethan F. 
 
 Murawski, John. 
 
 Murphy, Edward. 
 
 Murphy, John J. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Musdollo, Basso. 
 
 Myers, Russell. 
 
 Naas, Clarence D. 
 
 Neary, Michael. 
 
 Nelson, Theodore. 
 
 Nepochna, Domenico. 
 
 Nichelson, Michael. 
 
 Nichter, Albert J. 
 
 Nuwer, Frank X., Jr. 
 
 Nuwer, Rev. Roman J. — Chaplain A. E. F. 
 
 Ohrback, John. 
 
 Okoniewski, Zygmund. 
 
 O'Neill, Lawrence. 
 
 Orbanick, John. 
 
 Orlo, Adolf. 
 
 Oskia, Antoni. 
 
 Oska, Antonio L. 
 
 Oska, Stanislau. 
 
 Oswald, Raymond Y. 
 
 Paglialunga, Giuseppe. 
 
 Paglialunga, Louis. 
 
 Pallagreine, Mike. 
 
 Panicali, Angelo. 
 
 Papiermik, Antoni. 
 
 Parker, Alva. 
 
 Parkes, John. 
 
 Pauly, Arthur J. 
 
 Pauly, Jacob, Jr. 
 
 Pautler, Edward V. 
 
 Pautler, Henry— Pvt., Co. A, 18th Infantry. 
 
 Pawlus, Kazimierz. 
 
 Pearles, C. W.— U. S. S. "Nevada." 
 
 Fearless, Fred. 
 
 Pech, Edward— Pvt., 2d Co., C. C. British Navy. 
 
 Peps, Stanley. 
 
 Perez, Rufino. 
 
 Peronne, Albert H. F. 
 
Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 721 
 
 LANCASTER— Con. 
 
 Pesany, Angelo. 
 
 Peters, Seraphine. 
 
 Peters, C. J.— Mess Sgt., 108th Infantry. 
 
 Peterson, Edward. 
 
 Peters, Seraphine. 
 
 Peterson, Edward. 
 
 Petz, Jacob— U. S. S. "Bushnell." 
 
 Pfeifer, Charles E. 
 
 Pfeiflfer, Joseph— U. S. S. "Maine." 
 
 Pienkowski, Jan. 
 
 Piglowski, Tomasz. 
 
 Piglowski, Wojciech. 
 
 Piluszynski, JuHan. 
 
 Piotrowski, Frank. 
 
 Piotrowski, Mikolaj. 
 
 Pizik, Ralph. 
 
 Plimpton, C. H. — Lieut., Engineer Corps. 
 
 Pluszynski, Julian. 
 
 Podsiadalo, Lawrence. 
 
 Politis, John. 
 
 Popastathatos, Demitro. 
 
 Post, Fred C. 
 
 Potz, Jacob. 
 
 Powers, Charles. 
 
 Prieto, Vincento. 
 
 Prinicapo, Michael. 
 
 Puccio, Angelo. 
 
 Purcell, William. 
 
 Pascucci, Ermert. 
 
 Phillips, Clavin. 
 
 Pifss, Stanley. 
 
 Quaver, Nick. 
 
 Rademacher, A. J. — U. S. S. "Burrows." 
 
 Rademacher, H. J.— U. S. S. "K-2." 
 
 Rainey, Charles. 
 
 Ransom, Allen — Capt., 509th Engineer Battalion. 
 
 Ratajski, Leo A. 
 
 Rathmann, H. W.— Sgt., Co. A, 102d Engineers. 
 
 Rautenstrauch, Leo C. 
 
 Raymond, Harry E.— 106th Field Artillery. 
 
 Re, Cristofara. 
 
 Reese, Paul. 
 
 Reilly, D. J.— 19th Engineers. 
 
 Reimer, Carl— Corp., Co. D, 302d Supply Train. 
 
 Reiver, Walter. 
 
 Remus, Vincent. 
 
 Richert, Clare L. 
 
 Ripepi, Carmelo. 
 
 Roberts, Henry. 
 
 Robinson, Walter F. 
 
 Roessel, Charles. 
 
 Rohl, Charles P. 
 
 Roll, Albert. 
 
 Roll, Alvin. 
 
 Roll, William. 
 
 Romanczak, Andrew. 
 
 Romanczak, Stanislau. 
 
 Rondino, Peter. 
 
 Ronckiewicz, Jan. 
 
 Roneker, Alvin J. 
 
 Roneker, Charles. 
 
 Rosniak, Jos. 
 
 Ross, Tony. 
 
 Rossman, Charles O. 
 
 Round, Howard M. 
 
 Rudnik, Alex. 
 
 Rudnik, Frank. 
 
 Rudnik, Joseph. 
 
 Rugg, Charles. 
 
 Rumsey, Guy E. 
 
 Ruppel, Clifford. 
 
 Rurnik, Joseph. 
 
 Ruszanowski, Joseph. 
 
 Ruszanowski, Stanley. 
 
 Rybak, Stanislau. 
 
 Rymaszewski, Adam. 
 
 Saams, Paul. 
 
 Sabieraj, John. 
 
 Salton, Wendell P. 
 
 Salvatore, Durso. 
 
 Schasel, Edward — Pvt., Special Service. 
 
 Schaus, James — Corp. G. \ 
 
 Schasel, Walter— Pvt., Co. I, 310th Infantry. 
 
 SchefHer, William H. 
 
 Scheh, Elmer V. 
 
 Scheier, Arthur W.— Pvt., Co. K, 47th Infantry. 
 
 Scheier, R. E.— Corp., 106th Field Artillery. 
 
 Scheier, John. 
 
 Scherer, Emil C. 
 
 Scherer, Frank C. — U. S. Navy. 
 
 Scherer, Michael. 
 
 Schlum, Frank— Sgt., U. S. M. C. 
 
 Schlum, Vincent— Pvt., 66th Co., U. S. M. C, 5th Reg. 
 
 Schmaltz, Fred — Musician, 16th Infantry. 
 
 Schmidt, Charles. 
 
 Schmidt, Emil— 117th Field Artillery. 
 
 Schneider, Harvey C. 
 
 Schreiner, Carl J. 
 
 Schunk, Alster W. 
 
 Schwalb, Raymond. 
 
 Schwartz, Joseph B.— Corp., U. S. M. C. 
 
 Scott, Edwin C. 
 
 Searles, Lynn L. 
 
 Seaward, Edgar S. 
 
 Seibel, Nicholas. 
 
 Selvy, Louis. 
 
 Senko, Michael. 
 
 Shepherd, Henry R. — Students' Army Training Corps 
 
 Sherman, John A. 
 
 Short, Mike. 
 
 Siebert, Arthur — Sgt., 19th Engineers. 
 
 Simbeck, Ed. H.— U. S. S. "Connecticut." 
 
 Simbeck, Roy M.— U. S. S. " Carolina." 
 
 Simme, Frederick. 
 
 Sincox, C. G. — Pvt., 19th Engineers. 
 
 Siovanna, Gabrielle. 
 
 Sinner, Fred. 
 
 Sipperly, William A. 
 
 Sitarski, Stanislaw. 
 
 Skarbek, Ludwik. 
 
722 
 
 Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 LANCASTER— Con. 
 
 Skomra, Jan. 
 
 Skomra, Tomasz. 
 
 Smiley, John R. — Quartermaster, U. S. S. " Roepot." 
 
 Smith, Andrew. 
 
 Smith, Donald — British Army. 
 
 Smith, Frank W.— U. S. S. " Missouri." 
 
 Smith, Henry. 
 
 Smith, Lorene. 
 
 Snyder, George C. 
 
 Snyder, Paul N 
 
 Soldvirieri, Clearmine. 
 
 Soemann, George J. 
 
 Spanello, Thomas. 
 
 Sprague, Roy G. 
 
 Stachura, Bronislaw. 
 
 Stachura, Ignatius. 
 
 Stachurski, Emil. 
 
 Stachurski, Ignacy. 
 
 Staley, Willard. 
 
 Staniszewski, Frank. 
 
 Staniszewski, John 
 
 Stanley, George. 
 
 Startaro, Dominic. 
 
 Statler, Frank. 
 
 Staub, Arthur W. 
 
 Stear, George H. 
 
 Stellrecht, Howard— U. S. Navy. 
 
 Stephan, Henry C. 
 
 Stoll, Arthur. 
 
 Strawinski, Stanislau. 
 
 Strite, Kenneth— U. S. N. R. 
 
 Sturm, Clarence — Merchant Marine. 
 
 Sturm, Frank. 
 
 Stutzman, Arthur. 
 
 Stutzman, Edward E. 
 
 Suchetta, Rufele. 
 
 Sugg, Alfred W. 
 
 Sulser, Julian. 
 
 Surico, Vito F. 
 
 Surico, Vinto. 
 
 Surma, John A., Jr. 
 
 Suski, Jan. 
 
 Suzer, Julius. 
 
 Swanson, Charles. 
 
 Swierat, J. W. — Lieut., Medical Corp. 
 
 Swirgula, Jan. 
 
 Szizyka, Adam. 
 
 Szot, John. 
 
 Sipperski, Leo. 
 
 Szuba, Joseph. 
 
 SzjTTiecki, Michael. 
 
 Szyperski, Andrew. 
 
 Szyperski, Leo. 
 
 Tanner, Donald C— U. S. N. R. 
 
 Tanner, Ira A. 
 
 Temrowski, Frank. 
 
 Temrowski, John P. 
 
 Theil, Stanley. 
 
 Thorne, William. 
 
 Tont, Joseph. 
 
 Tony, Charles. 
 
 Tosti, Filippo. 
 
 Tozzi, Giuseppe. 
 
 Tramantant, Joseph. 
 
 Tricosi, Joseph. 
 
 Trowbridge, Jack — Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Trudel, Frederick. 
 
 Tupadlo, Jan. 
 
 Tur, Brunislau. 
 
 Turpoik, Charles. 
 
 Tyminski, Jozef. 
 
 Tyrrell, Joseph W. 
 
 Tyrrell, Martin. 
 
 Urschel, Chauncey. 
 
 Utecht, John. 
 
 Vandawalker, Lester. 
 
 Vanhoff, John F., Jr.— Pvt., U. S. M. C. 
 
 Vernacotola, Pasquale. 
 
 Vetter, Jerry. 
 
 Voegele, Arthur F. 
 
 Voegele, Joseph H. 
 
 Volpini, Louis. 
 
 Volz, William A. 
 
 Vulcano, Martino. 
 
 Waag, Edw. F.— 499th Co., 14th Regiment. 
 
 Wagner, Arthur L. 
 
 Waldmiller, Arthur J. 
 
 Waldmiller, Frank J. 
 
 Waldmiller, John L. 
 
 Waldmiller, Emil. 
 
 Waldmiller, Herman. 
 
 Waldmiller, John L. 
 
 Waldmiller, Martin. 
 
 Wall, Carl E. 
 
 Wallace, Fred C. 
 
 Wallace, Robert G. 
 
 Wallenmeier, Henry — Sgt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Walter, Gordon J. — Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Walter, Petec J. 
 
 Wannemacher, Harvey F. — Pvt., Students' Army 
 
 Training Corps, Canisius. 
 Weber, Henry. 
 Webster, Nelson V.— Pvt., Co. H, 305th Infantry. WA 
 
 October, 1918, Argonne. 
 Weisenberger, Edward W. 
 Weiser, Roy H. 
 Wern, Henry K. 
 Whiting, Ernest Wm. 
 Wlelkiewicz, Frank. 
 Wiesniewski, Jan. 
 Wiesniewski, Peter. 
 
 Willard, C. Baker — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Williams, Frank. 
 
 Williams, Richard — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Williams, William. 
 Wilson, Samuel F. 
 Witkowski, John. 
 Wodarczyk, Joseph. 
 Wojciechowski, Ludwig. 
 Wojewoda, Stanislau. 
 
Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 723 
 
 LANCASTER— Con. 
 
 Wolskl, Anthony. 
 Wrazen, Charles. 
 Wyleba, Stanley. 
 Yachun, Clarence. 
 Yodges, Joseph F. 
 Young, Charles M. 
 Young, George. 
 Young, Harvey A. 
 Young, John J. 
 Young, Lester — U. S. 
 Zapallone, Giovanni. 
 Zawacki, Boleslaw. 
 
 S. "New Hampshire." 
 
 Zeberat, Andrez. 
 
 Zeilman, L. F.— Pvt., Co. G, 359th Infantry. 
 
 Zeol, Frank. 
 
 Zimmerman, Ray. 
 
 Zook, H. R.— U. S. S. "Iowa." 
 
 Zuilkowski, John. 
 
 Zuilkowski, John — 106th Field Artillery. 
 
 Zukowski, Julius. 
 
 Zurbrick, Roy G. — Co. D, 1st Merchant Marine Regt. 
 
 Zyck, Joe. 
 
 Zynda, Stanley. 
 
 Zynda, Walter. 
 
 MARILLA 
 
 Gold Star Men 
 Hellman, Carl W.— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry. KA October 3, 1918, France. 
 Kelly, Dennis D.— Corp., Co. K, 305th Regiment. KA September 6, 1918, France. 
 
 Adams, Clifford H. — Seaman, U. S. S. Arrow. 
 
 Chesbro, Harold F. — Wagoner, Co. D, 12th Am. Train. 
 
 Cookman, Charles A. 
 
 Cookman, Fred — 37th Co., Convalescent Center. 
 
 Cullen, Glen F. — 2d-class Machinist's Mate, U.S. Navy. 
 
 Donnelly, William E. — Corp., Air Service. 
 
 Eckert, Albert L.— Pvt., 49th Co., 5th Regiment, U. S. 
 
 M. C. WG, Belleau Woods, June, 1918. 
 Eldridge, Leonard C. — Lieut., Co. B, 34th Engineers. 
 Frazier, Louis. 
 
 Glass, George A.— Pvt., Co. B, 308th Regiment. 
 Griswold, Guy — 97th American Legion. 
 Griswold, Henry J.— Pvt., 47th Co., 5th Regiment. 
 
 WA November 5, 1918, Argonne. 
 Hill, Zenas— Pvt., U. S. M. C. 
 Jerge, Joseph — 38th Co., Convalescent Center. 
 
 Lehnis, George W. — Pvt., Co. D, 14th Regiment. 
 Mann, George A. — Pvt. 
 
 Mason, Floyd W.— Seaman, U. S. S. " Colfax." 
 Maurer, Walter J.— Supply Co., 309th Infantry. 
 Metcalf, Clarence L.—Pvt., Battery B, 304th F. A. 
 Myers, Guy C. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 304th F. A. 
 Phillips, Merley H.— Pvt., Co. C, 13th Infantry. 
 Reuman, Julius W. — Pvt. 
 
 Ruttan, Walter — Machinist Co., 4th Co. Air Service. 
 Schmidt, Otto F.— Pvt., V. C. 303d Remount Dept. 
 Seegar, Albert— Corp., V. C. 303d Remount Dept. 
 Snyder, Charles A.— Pvt., 3d Co., Flying School. 
 Swartz, Willis B.— Pvt., 101st Trench Mortar Battery. 
 Treat, Glenn— Pvt., Co. I, 311th Infantry. 
 Walker, Clarence J. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 106th 
 Field Artillery. 
 
 NEWSTEAD 
 
 Gold Star Men 
 Altrogge, Albert H.— 302d Engineers. DD January 27, 1918, France. 
 BuRDiCK, Glen L.— Sgt., 309th Infantry. DW November 5, 1918, France. 
 Cinffettelli, Loreto — KA October 19, 1918, France. 
 Foss, Fred — Aviation. D in accident. 
 
 Ho.ag, George— Corp., 302d Supply Train. DD December 12, 1918, France. 
 Karnitz, Henry J.— KA. U. S. Marine Corp. 
 McAllister, Clarence — U. S. Navy. D at sea. 
 
 Miller, Walter— Pvt., Co. C, 12th Infantry. DD January 19, 1919. 
 Strickland, Chester— Pvt., 408th Co., U. S. Marine Corps. D November 19, 1918. 
 Tillman, Laverne— Sgt., 309th Infantry. KA October 16, 1918, France. 
 Walter, Leslie— Pvt., Co. F, 311th Infantry. KA October 1918, France. 
 
 Altrogge, Ralph J.— Pvt., Co. A, 14th Regiment. 
 Ansel, Paul J.— Pvt., 95th Co., 6th Regiment, U. S. 
 Marine Corps. WA June 14, 1918, Belleau Woods. 
 Bartram, Russel E. — Pvt., 9th Trench Mortar Battery. 
 Beeman, Earl — Quartermaster Corps. 
 Bell, Hobart H.— Corp., 46th Co., 112th Sanitary Train. 
 Berghorn, Wellington — Mechanic, Aviation Corps. 
 
 Bitterman, Allen C— Pvt., Battery D, 66th F. A. 
 Bluck, Philip E.— Am. Red Cross Trans. Dept. 
 Bluhm, Carl R.— Corp., Co. M, 309th Infantry. 
 Brown, Floyd— Pvt., Co. B, 334th Machine Gun Batt'n 
 Brown, Frank — Field Artillery, 77th Div. 
 Brown, Louis L. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 336th Field 
 Artillery. 
 
724 
 
 Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 NEWSTEAD— Con. 
 
 Brucker, Irving A. — Mechanic, Headqftarters Troop. 
 
 Burg, Arthur H. — Pvt., 152d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Buseto, Ermenil — 306th Infantry. 
 
 Cain, Ian Medad — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Caple, Karl F.— Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry. WA 
 August 14, 1918, Chateau-Thierry. 
 
 Caprio, Marshall — Pvt., Co. A, 4th Field Artillery. 
 
 Chaffee, George A. 
 
 Clark, Paul G. — Wireless Operator, U. S. Navy. 
 
 Corbett, Arthur J. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. Navy. 
 
 Coughlin, Russell J. — 306th Infantry, Co. I. 
 
 Cummings, Ernest F. — Supply Co., Camp Dix. 
 
 Cummings, Howard — Camp Dix. 
 
 Cummings, Ralph B. — Co. L, 7th Infantry. 
 
 Czolgosz, Vincent — Seaman, U. S. Navy. 
 
 Darie, James — Pvt., Co. L, 1st Regiment. WA Octo- 
 ber 11, 1918, Argonne. 
 
 Dickinson, Roy R. — Pvt., 306th Infantry. WA August 
 8, 1918, France. 
 
 Dieterle, Clarence — Camp Dix. 
 
 Dye, Henry W. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Eckerson, Harold I.— S. A. T. C. (Cornell). 
 
 Eckerson, Ransom — Headquarters Co., Motor Trans. 
 
 Ehrhardt, Roy— 306th Infantry. 
 
 Emendorfer, Roy E. — Chief Mechanic, Battery F, 
 309th F. A. WA September 14, 1919, St. Mihiel. 
 
 Erhardt, Roy P.— Pvt., Battery E, 336th Field Artillery. 
 
 Erickson, Fred A. — Supply Co., 2d Field Artillery. 
 
 Ferington, Gordon — Camp Dix. 
 
 Fisher, Homber B. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Fisher, Harry — 306th Infantry. 
 
 Flint, Glenn W.— Pvt., 78th Field Artillery. 
 
 Freeman, Samuel W. — Mechanic, Sup. Co., 106th F. A. 
 
 GifiFord, Carl J.— Ist-class Sgt., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Gorckia, Emilio — Camp Dix. 
 
 Hammonds, Arthur — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 Harrington, Roy— Pvt., Co. E, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Hart, Henry C. — 10th Co., Transportation Corp. 
 
 Hawley, Charles E.— U. S. R. C. 4. Boatswain Mate, 
 U. S. Navy. 
 
 Holtz, John C. — Cook, Headquarters Co., 309th Infan- 
 try. WA November 1, 1918, Argonne. 
 
 Holtz, John E.— Master Eng., 303d Engineers, Co. I. 
 
 Hunt, Ward C— Corp., 116th Supply Train, Co. D. 
 
 Hurry, Glenn H.— Pvt., Co. A, 13th Ry. Engineers. 
 King, Roy J. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. Navy. 
 Larkin, Herbert R.— WA. 77th Div. 
 Loughlin, John — Student's Army Training Corps. 
 Marranconi, Giuseppi— Pvt., 34th Co., 153d D. B. 
 McCrillis, John E. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 McGinn, Albert T. — Ist-class Blacksmith, Camp Dix. 
 McNiff, H. H.— 3d-class Quartermaster, U. S. S. 
 
 "Tucker." 
 McNiff, Michael P. — Ist-class Cook, Camp Dix. 
 Mahaney, Frank J. — 306th Infantry, 77th Div. 
 Mahoney, John F,— Pvt., Battery D, 6th F. A. 
 Martin, Charles J.— 302d Supply Train, Co. D. 
 Micksich, Peter — Camp Dix. 
 Miller, Walter G.— Pvt., Co. C, 12th Battalion. DD 
 
 January 19, 1919, Camp Jackson. 
 Mullin, David L. 
 Naegely, Ernest. 
 
 O'Connor, John — 306th Infantry. 
 Owen, W. E.— U. S. R. C. 4, U. S. Navy. 
 Parker, Ross W. — Co. B, Development Battalion. 
 Reed, Oscar E. — Pvt., Bairack Detachment. 
 Reigle, George J. — Utilities. 
 Rhoda, Merton J. — Camp Dix. 
 Richards, Joseph R.— 99th Div. 
 Rosenburg, Howard — Camp Dix. 
 Rubeck, Wilbur.— 67th Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 Rung, John — Camp Dix. 
 Schilling, William A. — Camp Dix. 
 Spooner, Harry V. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. C, 61st Infantry. 
 
 WA October 13, 1918, Verdun. 
 Strickland, Chester — Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps. 
 Sutton, Hoover — Aero Corp., U. S. Navy. 
 Swader, Harry — 306th Infantry. 
 
 Swarts, Frank A. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 311th Inf. 
 Swarts, Harry — Mechanic, Co. M, 309th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 16, 1918, Argonne. 
 Swartz, Merton L.— Pvt., Co. G, 313th Infantry. WA 
 
 November 8, 1918, Verdun. 
 Walker, Clark D.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 306th Inf. 
 Weatherbee, Alfred— Co. B, 102d U. S. Infantry. 
 Whiting, Clayton P.— Pvt., Co. M, 345th Infantry. 
 Winchester, Frank L. 
 Wyckoff, James H.— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 308th Inf. 
 
 NORTH COLLINS 
 
 Gold Star Men 
 Johnson, Oscar P. — Pvt., Headquarters, 304th Field Artillery. KA September 15, 1918, France. 
 AsHBY, Whitman G. — Sgt., Headquarters Co., 304th Field Artillery. DD March 1, 1919, France. 
 COLANGELO, JAMES — Pvt., Co. A, 327th Infantry. KA October 16, 1918, Argonne. 
 Thomas, Anthony I.— Corp., 340th G. and F. Co. DD October 1, 1918, Camp Merritt. 
 Wolf, Lawrence A.— Sgt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. KA October 16, 1918, France. 
 
 Bantle, Kenneth N.— Pvt., 2d Co., 1st Regiment, 
 
 Ordnance. 
 Barone, Samuel. 
 Britting, Walter H.— Pvt., Co. A, 111th A. R. C. 
 
 WA September 17, 1918. 
 
 Burgott, Harry J.— Pvt., Co. L, 103d Infantry. WA 
 
 April 23, 1918, France. 
 Burgott, Lawrence J. — Ist-class Sgt., Quartermaster 
 
 Corps. 
 Bowman, Clarence P.— Pvt., 42d Co., 153d D. B. 
 
Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 725 
 
 NORTH COLLINS— Con. 
 
 Bowman, Clayton H. — Pvt., Headq'rs. Co., 33d Inf. 
 Burk, Harland L.— Sgt., Co. M, 309th Infantry. 
 Cataldo, Vito— Pvt., Supply Co., 309th Infantry. 
 Davis, Claude R.— Pvt., 4th Co., 1st Regiment. 
 Decker, Peter F.— Pvt. 
 Demarie, Ned. 
 
 Denzel, Harold K.— Pvt., Co. E, 74th Regiment. 
 Dole, Joseph C— Pvt., Co. C, 59th Pioneers. 
 Eshoo, Darius — Sgt., Replacement Unit 72. 
 Falk, Clarence P.— Sgt., 20th Engineers. 
 Fazzolaro, Frank— Pvt., Co. E, 327th Infantry. 
 Fazzolaro, James — Pvt., Battery C, 4th Field Artillery. 
 
 Injured May, 1918, Camp Shelby. 
 Fox, Joseph J. — Pvt., 305th Infantry. 
 Galanti, Russel C— Pvt., Battery C, 106th Field Art. 
 Gallaway, Lloyd J.— Pvt., Co. A, 5th Battalion, First 
 
 Army Replacement Depot. 
 Gaylord, Charles W.— Corp., Co. E, 403d Field Sig. Bn. 
 Gaylord, Leverne Z.— Sgt., Co. C, 308th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. 
 Gaylord, Oral F. — Pvt., Medical Corps, 7th Infantry. 
 
 WA July 16, 1918, Marne. 
 Geiger, Clement J.— Pvt., Co. E, 61st Infantry. 
 Gelia, Thomas J.— Corp., Co. L, 7th Infantry. WG 
 
 July 29, 1918, France. 
 George, Donato — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Grover, Edwin N. 
 Hibbard, Darwin E. — Musician, Headquarters Co., 
 
 311th Infantry. 
 Hibbard, Fred L.— Pvt., Co. C, 30th Engineers. WG. 
 
 August 25, 1918, France. 
 Hoover, Arthur E.— Pvt., 166th Infantry. 
 Johengen, Leo P.— Pvt., 307th Infantry. 
 Kohn, Joseph P. — Capt., 3d Coast Artillery Corps. 
 Lawton, Ledra M. — Musician, Headq'rs. Co., 106th Inf. 
 Leiker, John C. — Cook. 
 
 Ognibene, Jos. S.— Chief Petty Officer, U. S. Coast G'd. 
 Pellegrino, Cosimo — Pvt., Truck Co., 15th Am. Train. 
 Pickrens, Jennings D. — Pvt., 4th Co., November Auto- 
 matic Replacement Draft, Tank Corps. 
 
 Piscitello, Salvatore — Corp., Headquarters Co., 309th 
 Infantry. 
 
 Prim, Howard. 
 
 Ricatto, Charles — Pvt. 
 
 Rice, Frank C— Pvt., 22d Co., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 St. George, Joseph T.— Pvt., 309th Infantry. WA Sep- 
 tember 27, 1918, France. 
 
 Schaus, F. James — Corp., Co. I, 320th Infantry. 
 
 Schaus, Maynard C— Lieut., Co. B, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Schneider, Henry — Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Smith, Frederick S. H. — Captain, Engineer Corps. 
 
 Smith, Lloyd L.— Pvt., Co. C, 308th Machine Gun B'n. 
 
 Stuhlmiller, Curtis R.— Sgt. 
 
 Steff, Barney— Pvt. 
 
 Steff, Henry T. 
 
 Steff, Will F. 
 
 Taber, Fred E.— Chief Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 "Oklahoma." 
 
 Taft, N. Clare— Pvt., Co. D, S. A. T. C. 
 
 Taravella, Ray— 13th Regiment, U. S. M. C. 
 
 Taylor, Clayton C— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Taylor, Henry L. — Lieut., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Tempio, Mike— Pvt., 53d Pioneers. WA June, 1918, 
 France. 
 
 Thiel, Henry S.— Corp., Co. K, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Thiel, Hubert J.— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Thill, Victor J.— Corp., Supply Co., 309th Infantry. 
 
 Ueblacker, Otto F. — Ist-class Pvt., Headquarters Co., 
 311th Infantry. 
 
 Unger, Clarence— Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 348th Inf. 
 
 Valone, Frank H.— Pvt., S. A. T. C. 
 
 Volpe, Dominick— Sgt., Co. B, 166th Infantry. 
 
 Wagner, Peter J. 
 
 Wakely, Albert— Pvt., 337th Tank Corps. 
 
 Warner, Malen R. — Musician, Headquarters Co., 311th 
 Infantry. 
 
 Weisser, Ward W. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Winner, Niles M.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 304th F. A. 
 
 Wolfe, James A.— Pvt., 15th Regiment, U. S. M. C. 
 
 Wooster, Wheelock W.— S. A. T. C. 
 
 SARDINIA 
 
 Gold Star Men 
 Griffith, Benjamin H.— DD August 2, 1918, Hoboken, N. Y. 
 
 Smith, Edward E.— Pvt., Co. D, 176th Regiment, Canadian Expeditionary Forces. KA August 9, 1918, 
 Amiens. 
 
 Andrea, Joseph. 
 
 Block, Homer C, Aviation. 
 
 Delzer, Benjamin H.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. B, 502d En- 
 gineers Service Battalion. 
 
 Fischer, George E. 
 
 Goodernote, Clarence J. — Wagoner, Headquarters Co., 
 308th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 
 Johnson, Merle— Pvt., Co. A., 302d T. S. Bn. 
 
 Graves, Charles A. — Pvt., Co. A, 58th Regiment. 
 
 Graves, Wayne K.— Pvt., Battery B, 304th F. A. 
 
 Graves, Willard W.— Pvt., 24th Co., 153d Depot Brig. 
 
 Griffith, Roy J.— Pvt., Co. A, 305th Infantry. 
 
 Howell, Emery T.— Sgt. 
 
 June, George F. — Pvt., 64th Spruce Squadron. 
 
 Olin, RayC. 
 
 Petri, William P. — Ist-cl. Carpenter's Mate, Nav. Av. 
 
 Rice, Floyd D.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 307th Inf. 
 
 Rosier, Rex E. — Sergeant, Q. M. C. 
 
 Rothrock, William H. 
 
 Spaulding, Neil A. 
 
 Stockin, Leighton K. — Pvt., Supply Co., 13th Regiment 
 
 Stram, Floyd C. 
 
726 
 
 Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 SARDINIA 
 
 Taylor, George— Pvt., Co. 79, 6th Regt., U. S. M. C. 
 Westman, Theodore C. 
 
 Wiedemann, Frank J. — Quartermaster, U. S. Navy. 
 Wiedemann, William L.— Pvt., Co. E, 305th Infantry. 
 Wiedemann, William M. 
 
 —Con. 
 
 Wood, Frederick M. — Pvt., Battery D, 13th First Army 
 
 Replacement Depot. 
 Woodard, Roy— Pvt., Co. A. 305th Infantry. 
 Woodworth, Nelson R.— Pvt,, Co. A, 305th Infantry. 
 
 W August 18, 1918, Chateau Thierry. 
 
 TONAWANDA 
 
 Gold Star Men 
 Balling, Peter J.— Pvt., Co. K, 309th Infantry. KA October 19, 1918, Argonne. 
 BoEHMKE, Charles — Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry. D. 
 Braunshidle, Milton — Pvt., 311th Infantry. KA Argonne. 
 Byrnes, Joseph Leo— Sgt., Q. M. C. DD Feb. 3, 1919, Tours, France. 
 Crosby, Harry E.— Lieut., Co. L, 108th Infantry. KA September 29, 1918, France. 
 Dahl, Daniel P.— Pvt., Co. L, 308th Infantry. KA France. 
 
 Eberhardt, Frederick B. — Co. Commander, U. S. Navy. DD January 26, 1919, Great Lakes. 
 Fisher, James, 0.— Pvt., U. S. M. C. DD March 1, 1919, Coblenz. 
 Harder, Clarence — D. 
 
 Hoffman, Chester — Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. KA, France. 
 Horan, Daniel — D. 
 HoRAN, Robert — D. 
 
 Keller, Lambert J.— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry. KA October 2, 1918, France. 
 KiMMiNS, Winfred B.— U. S. M. C. KA October 3, 1918, Chateau Thierry. 
 Koch, Robert L.— Pvt., Co. H, 346th Infantry. D. 
 KOHLER, John W.— Pvt., Co. D, 307th Infantry. KA France. 
 
 Martin, Russell J.— Pvt., Co. K, 108th Infantry. KA September 28, 1918, France. 
 McAllister, Wm. H. — D. 
 Ott, John Pvt., Co. I, 346th Infantry. D. 
 Roeder, George — D. 
 Shorts, William F. — D. 
 Shaw, Sylvester E. — D. 
 Sommer, Frank — D. 
 Sterz, Ferdinand — D. 
 
 Strough, Edward B. — D. ' 
 
 Watershath, Norman A. 
 Wendt, Ernest T. 
 
 -Pvt., Co. K, 108th Infantry. KA, France. 
 
 Ackerman, Nelson B. N.— Corp., Co. C, 302d Eng. 
 
 Albright, John. 
 
 Allan, Coville. 
 
 Allen, Geo. C— 639th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Ammerman, John B. 
 
 Anderson, Leroy — Seaman, U. S. S. "Tallapoosa." 
 
 Andres, Fred— Pvt., Co. G, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Andres, Walter— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Andrews, George M. — Corp., Co. A, 108th Infantry. 
 
 Arnold, Donald D. — Cadet, Aviation Service. 
 
 Arnold, Seth J— Pvt., Co. F, 11th Engineers. 
 
 Axcel, Edward. 
 
 Axcel, Frank. 
 
 Ayrault, John Jr— 1st Lieut., U. S. M. C. 
 
 Babyancz, Felix. 
 
 Bailey, Albert— Pvt., 82d Field Artillery. 
 
 Baker, Elmer. 
 
 Ballard, Fayette. 
 
 Balhng, Frank— Pvt., Co. A, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Balling, Michael. 
 
 Balling, Peter— Pvt., Co. K, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Bampton, James. 
 
 Barker, Roland S. — 2d Lieut., 100th Aero Squadron. 
 
 Barth, Jacob. 
 
 Baxter, Faber — Co. I, Ordnance Repair Shop. 
 
 Bealer, George. — Corp., School Dept., A. E. F. 
 
 Behuke, Charles. 
 
 Bellinger, Kenneth— 1st D. R. C. 
 
 Bennett, John J. 
 
 Berbach, Albert. 
 
 Berg, Louis P. — U. S. S. "Sachem." 
 
 Bernhardt, Albert H.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Berton, Clarence. 
 
 Betz, Henry F. 
 
 Beuthner, Herman J. 
 
 Beutner, Albert. 
 
 Beyerns, John E. — Pvt. 
 
 Bingert, Frank. 
 
 Bingert, George — Pvt., 
 
 Blair, Eugene E. 
 
 Bloomstein, Burt. 
 
 Bluckhorn, John — Pvt., 
 
 Boehnke, Charles- 
 
 Bologda, Angelo. 
 
 T. B. Co., 12th Motor Truck. 
 
 Co. K, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Co. A, 64th Infantry. 
 -Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry. 
 
Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 727 
 
 TONAWA 
 Bonos, Frank F. 
 
 Booth, Raymond C— Pvt., S. A. T. C 
 Breitenbach, Louis P., Jr. 
 Brider, Herbert. 
 Briggs, Kempton. 
 
 Bronson, Frank— Pvt., Co. K, 108th Infantry. 
 Brooks, William— Pvt., Co. B, 176th Battalion. 
 Brose, Paul M.— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry. WA, 
 
 Vesle Front. 
 Brown, Henry A. — Capt., Officers' Training Reserve. 
 Brownell, Edwin K. 
 Browning, Charles 0. 
 
 Brownshidle, Harry — Pvt., 12th Regiment. 
 Brownshidle, Irvin— Sgt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 Brownshidle, Milton J.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 Brumm, Fred W.— Corp., Co. C, P. R. Battery. 
 Bucheri, Harry 0. — Quartermaster Corps. 
 Buckley, P. L. 
 
 Burger, John F.— Pvt., Co. M, 108th Infantry. 
 Burling, Gust A. 
 
 Burlingame, William T.— Pvt., Co. D, 306th Infantry. 
 Bush, Joseph F. — Apprentice Seaman, U. S. Navy. 
 Butcherie, Harry 0. 
 Byrnes, John E. 
 Callanon, George. 
 Cardi, Pasquale. 
 Carnduff, Andrew. 
 
 Gary, Harold— Pvt., Co. A, 308th Infantry. 
 Cashway, Eugene J.— Pvt., Co. C, 302d F. S. Battalion. 
 Cashway, Eugene. 
 
 Cashway, Noel E. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 Cashway, Charles J. — Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps. 
 Caskey, Clarence C. 
 
 Cgorwinski, John — Pvt., 5th Field Artillery. 
 Cherry, Caleb. 
 
 Cherry, Harold M. — Officers' Training School. 
 Christ, Frank W. 
 Chudy, William. 
 Clark, Alexander B.— Pvt., Co. E, 27th Regiment. 
 
 WA, Verdun. 
 Clark, Albert. 
 Clifford, Andrew V. 
 
 Cole, Clarence K. — Apprentice Seaman, U. S. Navy. 
 Collingworth, Albert. 
 Collins, Herbert. 
 
 Comlin, John W. — Sailor, U. S. Navy. 
 Comric, Lee T. 
 Connolly, Frank. 
 Cox, Fred. 
 Coyich, Misko. 
 
 Crowe, Frederick — Pvt., Co. F, 347th Infantry. 
 Crumney, James C. 
 Cutt, Michael. 
 Dagenhart, William. 
 Dahl, Cyrus J. 
 Dahl, Peter D. 
 Davis, John A. 
 Deer, William. 
 DeGlopper, Arlington. 
 DeGuchery, Thomas— Sgt., Co. A, 308th Infantry. 
 
 NDA— Con. 
 
 Dennis, Nicholas. 
 
 Desmore, Earl. 
 
 Deth, Carl— Pvt., 36th Field Artillery. 
 
 Deuel, Ernest F.— Sgt., 13th Co., 20th Engineers. 
 
 Dicks, Owen T. E.— Pvt., Medical Corps. 
 
 Diebold, George W. — 1st Lieut., Base Hospital 111. 
 
 Diehl, Albert A.— Pvt. 
 
 Dietrich, Clarence E. 
 
 Dietzman, Frederick W. 
 
 Dillon, Raymond E. 
 
 Dinger, Lester. 
 
 Dobson, Howard — Chief Radio Operator, U. S. S. 
 
 "Texas." 
 Dobson, Willard — Ist-class Pharmacist's Mate, U. S. N. 
 Draucher, James H.— Pvt., Co. E, 11th Regiment, U. S. 
 
 Marine Corps. 
 Dykeman, Nina J. — Nurse, A. N. C. 
 Eappleyea, Albert. 
 Eberhardt, Fred B., Jr. — Co. Commander, Co. G, 5th 
 
 Regiment. 
 Eberhardt, Louis K. 
 Eberle, Joseph. 
 Eberfeld, Edward. 
 
 Ebling, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers. 
 Eckles, William F.— Pvt., Co. B, 305th Infantry. 
 Ecksten, Walter. 
 Edin, Frank. 
 
 Edin, William— Pvt., Co. D, 18th Infantry. 
 Eisenberger, Edward W. — Corp., Co. H, 345th Infantry. 
 Elliott, Charles. 
 
 Enlow, Thomas — 2d Lieut., 1st Replacement Brigade. 
 Ensminger, Leroy E. 
 Ergan, Albert — Pvt., 74th Armory. 
 Ernst, Daniel. 
 Ernst, Louis. 
 
 Essenberger, John C— Pvt., Co. K, 326th Infantry. 
 Evans, Alfred W. — Pvt., Hospital Corps. 
 Falling, Victor F. 
 Fairbanks, H. D. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps, Base 
 
 Hospital 23. 
 Fairbanks, Howard Cousins. 
 Fanger, Eddie. 
 • Farnham, Raymond D. — Machinist's Mate, U. S. S. 
 
 "N-2." 
 Feilding, Charles. 
 
 Feirich, Albert J.— Pvt., 301st Military Police. 
 Feirich, Benjamin — Sgt., Co. G, 38th Regiment. 
 Fenger, Emil. 
 Fenger, Fred. 
 Fenger, William E. 
 Ferrich, Albert. 
 Finch, Alvin J. 
 Finch, Harold R. — Pvt., Ordnance Department, 77th 
 
 Field Artillery. 
 Fischer, William F.— Pvt., Co. C, 308th Machine Gun 
 
 Battalion. 
 Fisher, Charles. 
 
 Fisher, Clayton G.— Pvt., Co. K, 108th Infantry. 
 Fisher, Emile B.— Pvt., Co. E, 302d Engineers. 
 Fisher, Julius A. — Wagoner, Supply Co., 309th Infantry. 
 
728 
 
 Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 TONAWANDA— Con. 
 
 Fitzsimmons, Merle. 
 Fleishauer, Edward. 
 Fleischmann, Leonard A. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 
 
 347th Regiment. 
 Fleischmann, Philip J. — Pvt., Co. I, 61st Infantry. 
 Floros, Gust. 
 Foels, Benjamin. 
 
 Freakley, Edwin B.— U. S. S. "Wabash." 
 Frey, Clarence F. 
 Fulton, Arthur W. 
 Funk, Edward W. 
 Gaddis, John C. 
 Gaeth, Charles. 
 Gal, Mike. 
 Gardiner, George. 
 Gebhardt, Elmer D. 
 Geise, Albert. 
 Geise, Charles. 
 George, Toney. 
 Geyer, Peter H.— Corp., Co. H, 108th Infantry. WA 
 
 July, 1918, France. 
 Gilbert, Gordon P.— Sgt., Headquarters Co., 214th 
 
 Engineers. 
 Gillie, Frank V.— Sgt., Co. K, 108th Infantry. 
 Goehlings, Myron J.— Pvt., 106th Field Artillery. 
 Golde, Herman — Pvt., Headquarters Co., Aerial Service 
 Goldsmith, Abraham M. 
 Golem, Carl A. 
 
 Gordon, Frank F. — 2d Lieut., Co. B, 55th Pioneers. 
 Gordon, Harold H.— Corp., Co. K, 108th Infantry. 
 Grainge, Robt., Jr.— Sgt., 16th Co., 5th U. S. Marine 
 
 Corps. 
 Gramlich, George R. — Corp., Co. H, 30th Infantry. 
 
 WA August 10, 1918, Soissons. 
 Green, Albert— Pvt., Co. F, 347th Infantry. 
 Gregor, William. 
 Grigg, Russell. 
 
 Grobe, Charles M.— Pvt., Battery E, 11th F. A. 
 Grobe, Fred. 
 Gurvin, Charles. 
 Gurvin, Leo. 
 Gutzko, Herbert 0. 
 Hoaman, Walter — Pvt., 7th Infantry. 
 Haines, Daniel. 
 
 Hakes, Joseph E. — Pvt., 3d Co., 8th Regiment. 
 Hall, Howard D.— Pvt., 106th Field Artillery. 
 Hall, Charles W. — Ensign, Insurance Officer. 
 Harber, Martin. 
 Harder, Clarence. 
 
 Harkins, Hiram— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 Harmon, Aloyslus — Pvt., 266th Military Police. 
 Harmon, Lionel — Deb. Hospital 3. 
 Harris, V. Kenderson. 
 Harry, Clifford J. 
 
 Hartman, Raymond — Pvt., Co. F, 347th Infantry. 
 Hatry, Wilfred J. 
 Hawkins, Thurber. 
 
 Hawn, J. Ray — Lieut., Co. E, Casual 2. 
 Haywood, George S. 
 Heald, Floyd. 
 
 Heald, Romane F.— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Military Police. 
 
 Heitz, Thomas H. 
 
 Heitzman, Herbert H. 
 
 Helf, Roy M.— Corp., 40th Co., Motor Command. 
 
 Hellwig, William. 
 
 Hengel, Edward. 
 
 Henry, Albert M.— Pvt., Co. G, 5th Regiment. 
 
 Herald, Bernard. 
 
 Herberger, Joseph. 
 
 Herron, Chancey C— Sgt. Co. A, 301st Military Police. 
 
 Hettman, Gustave. 
 
 Hettman, Otto. 
 
 Hider, Henry C— Chief Petty Officer, U. S. Navy. 
 
 Hiemiller, Jerome. 
 
 Higgins, Edward — Pvt., Co. B, 51st Regiment. 
 
 Higgins, Leo F. — Aviation. 
 
 Higgins, Thomas P. 
 
 Holka, Joseph B. 
 
 Hollands, Paul F.— Sgt.-Major, 43d Co., Depot Brig. 
 
 Holmes, Lemuel C. 
 
 Hoole, R. S. 
 
 Horan, Daniel J. 
 
 Huffman, Chester E. 
 
 Hurst, Earl 0.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 303d Engin. 
 
 Inghram, Alexander. 
 
 Irwin, Kenneth O. — Corp., Headquarters Co., 303d Eng. 
 
 Isreal, Samuel. 
 
 Jacob, Walter. 
 
 Janner, Fred P. 
 
 Jedele, Harold W. 
 
 Jekke, Bozo. 
 
 Jenzen, Kennars. 
 
 Joenski, Leo. 
 
 Johnson, Roy E. — 2d-class Yeoman, U. S. S. "Hoosa- 
 
 tonic." 
 Judd, Sidney Lawrence. 
 Kaiser, Charles. 
 Kaiser, William. 
 Kallin, Charles. 
 Kanes, Leo. 
 Kasznay, Frank. 
 
 Keicher, Leo C— Corp., Co. B, U. S. Guards. 
 Keller, Lambert J. 
 Keller, Raymond C. 
 Kelley, E. T.— Cook, Coast Guard. 
 Keppel, Chester. 
 Kerston, Fritz. 
 Keyerns, John E. 
 
 Kieger, Benjamin W.— Corp., Co. C, 302d Supply Train. 
 Kirkwood, Andrew W. — Pvt., Co. D, 102d Engineers. 
 Klatt, Albert. 
 Klatt, Edward. 
 Kleppevich, Louis N. 
 Klepser, Albert G. — Pvt., Aviation. 
 Klock, Fred A. — Capt., Motor Transport. 
 Knab, Frank J.— Pvt., Co. I, 306th Infantry. 
 Knab, Harry— Pvt., Co. M, 68th Infantry. 
 Knoche, Charles P. — Pvt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Koch, Robert G. 
 Koeppen, Nelson A. — Students' Army Training Corps. 
 
 i 
 
Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 729 
 
 TONAWANDA— Con. 
 
 Kohler, Alfred. 
 
 Koehler, Charles B. 
 
 Kohler, John W. 
 
 Kohler, Leo. 
 
 Koller, Otto. 
 
 Korff, Henry. 
 
 Korte, Herman. 
 
 Kottke, Carl. 
 
 Kottke, Edward. 
 
 Kottke, Louis. 
 
 Krause, Emil P. 
 
 Kreger, Benjamin. 
 
 Kropf, Frank O. 
 
 Krueger, Benjamin E.— Corp., Co. C, 302d Supply Tr. 
 
 Kuhn, Franklin H. 
 
 Kuhrt, Elmer A. 
 
 Kumro, Fred C— Cook, Co. K, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Labachesky, Otto. 
 
 Lake, Floyd H. 
 
 Lamm, George F. 
 
 Langdon, Eugene — Pvt., 17th Cavalry. 
 
 LaPorte, Joseph P. 
 
 Large, Henry — Pvt., Camp Dix. 
 
 Large, Charles W. — Corp., Co. E, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Laskey, Frank. 
 
 LeTour, Ovlla. 
 
 Lauderdale, Thomas W. — 2d-class Pharmacist's Mate, 
 U. S. S. "Antigone." 
 
 Lawrence, Charles E. — Pvt., Co. B, 23d Infantry. 
 
 Lees, Howard B. — Pvt., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Lehr, George F. — Pvt., Ordnance Department. 
 
 Lervin, Carl— Pvt., Battery F, 106th Field Artillery. 
 
 Levi, Martin E. 
 
 Lewis, William E.— Sgt., Co. E, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Lillebridge, Ansel J. — Pvt., 3d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Lippert, John. 
 
 Liwin, Carl. 
 
 Lockman, Lawrence. 
 
 Long, Clarence— Pvt., Battery B, 104th Field Artillery. 
 
 Long, Herbert— Pvt., Battery B, 104th Field Artillery. 
 
 Long, Oscar— Pvt., Battery C, 104th Field Artillery. 
 
 Long, Walter J.— Pvt. 
 
 Loomis, Frank. 
 
 Lubs, Andrew— Pvt., Co. E, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Lubs, Frederick W.— Pvt., Co. H, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Lubs, William H. J.— U. S. M. C. 
 
 Luhrs, William. 
 
 Luther, Walter— Pvt., Co. G, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Lynge, Christian W.— Pvt., Co. I, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Lysak, Ivan. 
 
 MacDermott, E. J.— Pvt., Co. K, 108th Infantry. 
 
 Maclnness, John M. — Pvt. 
 
 Makgosh, John. 
 
 Mang, Joseph H. 
 
 Mang, Howard J.— Pvt., 302d Engineers. WA No- 
 vember, 1918, France. 
 
 Mang, James H. 
 
 Mangold, Chauncey D.— U. S. M. C. 
 
 Marohn, Albert— Pvt., Co. I, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Marohn, Arthur. 
 
 Marohn, Benjamin. 
 
 Marohn, Fred W.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Marohn, Herman R. 
 
 Marohn, Paul. 
 
 Marshall, Walter W.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 347th 
 Infantry. 
 
 Martin, Alexander C. — 2d Lieut., 106th Held Artillery. 
 
 Martin, Angus W. — Seaman, U. S. S. " Mallory." 
 
 Martin, George W.— Pvt., Co. K, 108th Infantry. 
 
 Martin, Ira Henry — 2d Lieut., Reserve Corps. 
 
 Martin, Russell— Pvt., Co. K, 108th Infantry. 
 
 Matson, Frederick W.— Pvt., Battery F, 106th F. A. 
 
 Maul, Edwin P. 
 
 Maul, John W. 
 
 McAllister, Charles. 
 
 McAllister, William. 
 
 McCadden, Frank — Sub-chaser 81. 
 
 McCarthy, Frank— Pvt. 
 
 McChesney, Irvin. 
 
 McChesney, Vernon A. — Pvt., 11th Co., Machine Gun 
 Battalion. 
 
 McEntyre, Lawrence B. 
 
 McGerry, James. 
 
 McGrath, Daniel. 
 
 McGrath, James — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 15th Ma- 
 chine Gun Battalion. WA, France. 
 
 Mclndoo, E. C— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. WG 
 November, 1918, France. 
 
 McQuillen, Frank. 
 
 Meadway, Walter — Chief Machinist's Mate, Naval R. 
 
 Mende, Gustave H. 
 
 Metro, Leo S.— Pvt., Co. M, 128th Infantry. 
 
 Metz, Albert H.— Pvt., Co. D, 1st Engineers. WA 
 July, 1918, France. 
 
 Metzinger, Albert E. 
 
 Meyers, Francis. 
 
 Meyers, Herbert C. 
 
 Miller, Blake— 1st Lieut., Co. A, 330th Machine Gun B. 
 
 Miller, Raymond. 
 
 Mongold, Harry. 
 
 Moore, Frank C. — 1st Lieut., Royal Air Force. 
 
 Moore, Gordon H. 
 
 Moorehouse, Dr. C. C. 
 
 Morgan, David. 
 
 Motz, Henry. 
 
 Much, Edwin W. 
 
 Mulchay, William. 
 
 Nagel, William. 
 
 Narrig, Jan — Pvt., 2d Training Co., 1st Artillery. 
 
 Neff, Charles R.— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Nelson, Walter. 
 
 Noble, Robert A., Jr.— Pvt. 
 
 Nolan, Daniel A. — Col., 6th Army Corps. Ass't G 1, 
 General Staff. 
 
 Noosen, Vince. 
 
 Numsen, Fred W. 
 
 Oehlrich, Charles. 
 
 O'Hagen, Hugh P.— Pvt., 105th Machine Gun Batt'n. 
 
 Ohlrich, Charles. 
 
 Ohman, Edwin C— Pvt. 
 
730 
 
 Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 TONAWANDA— Con. 
 
 Ohrbach, John L. — Pvt., Co. H, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Olson, Charles E.— Pvt., Co. C, 305th Engineers. 
 
 Olsen, Guy. 
 
 Oppermann, George M. — 1st Lieut., Medical Corps. 
 
 Orlenski, Antonio— Pvt., Co. G, 590th Infantry. 
 
 Ostrich, Steve. 
 
 Ott, John. 
 
 Owen, Earl. 
 
 Oyer, Harvey — Pvt., Co. F, 303d Ammunition Train. 
 
 Pagels, Henry C. 
 
 Parish, Sherwood J.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Parkes, John— Pvt., Co. C, 18th Infantry. WA July, 
 1918, France. 
 
 Pasel, William. 
 
 Patterson, George F.— Sgt., Co. B, 116th Supply Train. 
 
 Patton, John H. 
 
 Pedt, Leo. 
 
 Peel, Melvin. 
 
 Pels, John C. 
 
 Pels, William. 
 
 Perlman, Benjamin — Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Pesol, Enrico. 
 
 Peters, Alvin. 
 
 Pfanner, Elmer. 
 
 Pfanner, Fred. 
 
 Pfanner, Herbert N. — Cook, Co. C, 116th Engineers. 
 
 Pfeifer, Charles E.— Pvt., Co. F, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Pfelan, John— Pvt., Co. 1, 108th Infantry. 
 
 Phalen, Victor. 
 
 Phillip, David A. 
 
 Pickard, Charles R.— Corp., Co. I, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Poeller, Charles F. 
 
 Post, Albert— Pvt., Co. K, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Post, Alvin— Corp., Battery F, 106th Field Artillery. 
 
 Post, Fred C— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. WA Octo- 
 ber 27, 1918, Argonne. 
 
 Post, Herbert. 
 
 Poulemano, Peter. 
 
 Quigley, Joseph M. — Pvt., Co. I, Motor Transport C. 
 
 Radke, Frank A. 
 
 Ragalski, Edward A. 
 
 Rappleyea, Albert. 
 
 Rasky, Frank. 
 
 Rau, Albert— Pvt., Co. H, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Rautenberg, Ernest C. — 2d Lieut. 
 
 Reader, John A.— Pvt., Co. M, 108th Infantry. 
 
 Reader, Harry H.— Pvt., Co. M, 108th Infantry. 
 
 Rech, Walter. 
 
 Reddings, Lawrence J. — Sgt., Co. A, 55th Pioneers. 
 
 Regalski, Richard. 
 
 Regener, S.— Sgt., Co. K, 108th Infantry. 
 
 Rennie, George. 
 
 Rice, Fred L.— U. S. S. "Mayflower." 
 
 Rice, Howard V. 
 
 Richau, William. 
 
 Richterman, George — Pvt., Co. I, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Richert, Clare L.— Pvt., Battery A, 309th F. A. 
 
 Risuis, Jacob C. 
 
 Ritchie, John. 
 
 Robins, Harris— Pvt., 8th Co., 2d Plat., 2d Battahon. 
 
 Robinson, William. 
 
 Roeder, George — Pvt. 
 
 Roessel, Albert G.— Pvt., Co. G, 87th Regiment. 
 
 Roessel, Charles W.— Pvt. 
 
 Rogalsky, Frank. 
 
 Rogers, Melvin G. 
 
 Rohe, Fred P. 
 
 Rohde, George G. — Pvt., Construction Co., 10th Aero. 
 
 Rohde, Theodore M.— Pvt., Supply Co., 335th Regt. 
 
 Rose, Harvey L.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Rose, Otto. 
 
 Roskey, George. 
 
 Ross, Everett. 
 
 Roth, John E.— U. S. M. C. 
 
 Round, Howard M.— Ist-class Pvt., 312th Field Sig. Bn. 
 
 Rube, Christ. 
 
 Rudhard, James W. 
 
 Rufrano, John. 
 
 Ruppel, Clifford J.— Pvt., 307th Infantry. 
 
 Russell, Albert. 
 
 Rychlicki, Stephen. 
 
 Saho, Frank H.— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Sanjule, Carl— Pvt., Tank Corps. 
 
 Saubern, Clarence. 
 
 Saujlo, Vasil. 
 
 Saxton, Arthur— Pvt., 309th F. A. 
 
 Schad, Leon G.— Pvt., 96th Co., U. S. M. C. 
 
 Scheck, Frank C— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Schelk, Fred. 
 
 Schellhorn, John. 
 
 Schleh, Elmer B.— Cook, 5th Training Battalion, 151st 
 Depot Brigade. 
 
 Schneider, Jacob. 
 
 Schoelles, Albert. 
 
 Schoelles, Edward. 
 
 Schoelles, J. Allen. 
 
 Scholles, Austin W. 
 
 Schuldt, Herman. 
 
 Schuldt, Herman— U. S. M. C. 
 
 Schulte, Oscar B. 
 
 Schultz, Benj, J.— Pvt., Co. K, 108th Infantry. 
 
 Schultz, Edward. 
 
 Schultz, John F.— Pvt., Co. B, 305th Machine Gun Bat- 
 talion. WA November 1, 1918, Argonne. 
 
 Schultz, William H. 
 
 Schunk, Alster W.— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Schwarz, Henry— Pvt., Battery D, 304th F. A. 
 
 Seifke, Ferdinand— Pvt., Co. B, 302d Battalion Tank C. 
 
 Shaw, Chas. D.— Capt., 108th Field Artillery. 
 
 Shaw, Lyman A. — 1st Lieut., 108th Infantry. WA 
 August, 1918, Mt. Kemmel. 
 
 Shaw, Sylvester E. 
 
 Sheik, Frank— Pvt., Co. K, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Shuffle, Thomas. 
 
 Silliman, Ward H.— Pvt., Co. C, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Simmons, Albert — Pvt., Co. D, 345th Infantry. 
 
 Simson, J. A. W. — Capt. 
 
 Sipperley, Leonard C. 
 
 Sipperley, William A.— Corp., 13th Co., Ordnance Dept. 
 
 Skudnik, Pete. 
 
Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 r31 
 
 TONAWANDA— Con. 
 
 Slavan, John — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Smith, Charles E. 
 
 Smith, Loren E.— Pvt., Co. L, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Snyder, Walter J. — Pvt., Co. I, Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Sommerfeldt, Wm. M. — Pvt. 
 
 Staehle, Charles E.— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Stenzel, Edward. 
 
 Stephen, Hugh— Qm., U. S. S. "Cumberland." 
 
 Stickney, Ernest. 
 
 Stowater, Judson M. 
 
 Struebing, Benjamin H.— Sgt., 308th M. T. C. 
 
 Stuart, Neil G.— Seaman, U. S. S. "Manning." 
 
 Studier, August. 
 
 Sullivan, Thomas. 
 
 Sommerfeldt, William— 318th F. and G. Co. 
 
 Summers, Clarence. 
 
 Summers, James. 
 
 Suska, Frank J. 
 
 Swartz, Thomas. 
 
 Swiner, T. C. 
 
 Tallman, Russell. 
 
 Thiebolt, Philip. 
 
 Thompson, Archibald W. — 1st Lieut., Base Hospital 23. 
 
 Thorn, Edward, Jr.— Pvt., Battery F, 106th F. A. 
 
 Thorn, William F.— Pvt., 311th Infantry. WA October, 
 
 18, 1918, Argonne. 
 Tillman, Charles. 
 
 Tower, Harlow W\— Motor Transport 333. 
 Tower, W. 0. — Officers' Training School. 
 Towsey, Thomas E. — Lieut., Quartermaster Corps. 
 Trost, William. 
 
 Turner, Leslie— Pvt., 337th Battalion Tank Corps. 
 Tussing, Christian O., Jr. 
 Ullrich, William— Pvt., Co. M, 345th Infantry. 
 Urban, Clyde— Pvt., Co. K, 108th Infantry. 
 Urban, Leroy — Pvt., Co. M, 345th Infantry. 
 VanVleck, John— Pvt. 
 VanWyck, Daniel. 
 
 Vigross, H. E.— Sgt., Co. K, 108th Infantry. 
 VanVleck, John— Base Hospital 27. 
 Vlint, Peter. 
 
 Wagner, Roy Judson. 
 
 Wagner, William A.— Pvt., Co. G, 347th Infantry. 
 
 Walker, Franklin J.— Pvt., Co. F, 102d Engineers. 
 
 Wall, Carl— Pvt., Co. D, 302d Engineers. 
 
 Wallers, Louis — Pvt., 102d Engineers. 
 
 Walsh, Edward. 
 
 Walsh, James A. 
 
 Walt, Clyde C— Pvt., Co. H. 347th Infantry. 
 
 Waterman, Johannes C. 
 
 Waterstrat, Norman A.— Pvt., Co. K, 357th Infantry. 
 
 Webb, George — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 7th Balloon C. 
 
 Webster, Lincoln A. 
 
 Wein, Christ— Pvt., Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Weisenberg, Eugene. 
 
 Weisenberg, John F. 
 
 Wende, Bernhardt N. — Sgt. 
 
 Wende, Kenefick T. — Corp. 
 
 Wenske, Charles. 
 
 Werkley, William. 
 
 Wicks, Carl A.— Corp., Co. C, 108th Infantry. WA 
 
 July, 1918, France. 
 Wilcox, G. W. 
 
 Wire, Lee E.— Pvt., Battery F, 106th Field Artillery. 
 Wessel, Herman C. 
 Wicherman, Geo. J. — Pvt. 
 Will, Edward A. 
 
 Withcoushi, Edward— Pvt., Battery C, 120th F. A. 
 Woods, James E. 
 Woodsworth, Clifford. 
 
 Wright, James Y.— Sgt., 338th Co., F. R. S. 
 Wright, John J. — Sup. Sgt., H'dq'rs Co., 55th Pioneers. 
 Wundes, Jay— Pvt., Co. E, 305th Infantry. 
 Yochum, Clarence E. — Musician, Headquarters Co., 
 
 345th Infantry. 
 Yockey, Oscar F. — Mechanic, Co. C, U. S. Guards, 3d 
 
 Battalion. 
 Young, Chelcy R.— Pvt., Co. A, 50th Pioneers. 
 Zarn, Frank. 
 
 Zimmerman, Earl E.— Pvt., Headq'rs Co., 106th F. A. 
 Zimmerman, Fred E. — Pvt., 2d Infantry. 
 Zuhr, Herman. 
 
 WALES 
 
 Gold Star 
 DiMON, Allen— Pvt., Co. G, 16th Infantry. KA July 18, 1918, Soissons. 
 
 Baker, Luvern. 
 
 Barber, Edison B. 
 
 Barron, Virgil R.— Sgt., 303d Field Signal Battalion. 
 
 Bennion, Walter — Pvt., 19th Guard Division. 
 
 Brignall, Clyde L.— Corp., Co. C, 61st Infantry. WA 
 
 October 12, 1918, Verdun. 
 Carpenter, Clifford E.— Pvt., 28th Co., Central Officers' 
 
 Training School. 
 Carpenter, Herbert— Pvt., Co. A, 327th Infantry. WG 
 
 June 2, 1918, France. 
 Cox, Robert L.— Ordnance Sgt., 309th Field Artillery. 
 
 WA November 6, 1918, Argonne. 
 
 Davison, Alfred R.— 2d-class Seaman, U. S. N. R. F. 
 
 Drosendahl, William, Jr. 
 
 DuBois, Leon— Pvt., Co. B, 166th Infantry. 
 
 Dumas, Luvern W. — Supply Sgt., Supply Co., 13th 
 
 Infantry. 
 Erdman, Rudolph, Jr. 
 Ehrenberg, Leroy G. — Ist-class Carpenter's Mate, 
 
 U. S. Navy. 
 Foderaro, Francisco— Pvt., Co. I, 328th Infantry. WA 
 
 October 25, 1918, Argonne. 
 Hall, Lee. 
 Hansam, Maynard B. — Cook, 281st Aero Squadron. 
 
732 
 
 Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 WALES— Con. 
 
 Heitman, Richard W.— Pvt., Co. E, 307th Infantry. 
 
 WA July 18, 1918, France. 
 Hoffower, William— Pvt., Supply Co., 27th F. A. 
 Holmes, Walter E. 
 Hudsom, Wilfred F.— Ist-class Pvt., Battery B, 319th 
 
 Field Artillery. 
 Irish, George A. 
 Leslie, Lattimore. 
 
 Luss, Merrell A. — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 307th Inf. 
 Miceli, Domenico. 
 
 Miller, Clarence L.— Pvt., Battery C, 78th F. A. 
 Minton, Arthur P. — Wagoner, Headquarters Co., 153d 
 
 Depot Brigade. 
 
 Musty, Clarence— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry. WG 
 
 October 27, 1918, Grand Pre. 
 Musty, Grover E.— Pvt., 80th Co., 6th Reg't, U. S.M.C. 
 Musty, Raymond A. — Pvt., Co. H, Uth Regiment, 
 
 U. S.M.C. 
 Norvell, Emily V. — Nurse, Walter Reed Hospital. 
 Nutting, Norman C— Corp., M. T. S. 
 Smith, Clarence V.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. A, 102d Engin. 
 Stroh, Lewis P. — Wagoner, Supply Co., 309th Infantry. 
 Swader, Howard M. — Corp., 2d Mechanic Regiment. 
 Weber, Charles G.— Pvt., 18th Co., 20th Engineers. 
 Weber, Edward K. — Pvt., Veterinary Hospital Unit. 
 Wolf, Walter. 
 
 WEST SENECA 
 
 Gold Star Men 
 
 Gebhard, Joseph A. — Pvt., Co. M, 311th Machine Gun Battalion. KA October 3, 1918, France. 
 
 Hakes, Burt D.— Corp., 303d M. S. T. C. Died November 30, 1918, France. 
 
 Henderson, Louis — Pvt. DW, Argonne. 
 
 Hilton, Frank H.— Sgt., 22d Regiment Engineers. Died October 21, 1918. 
 
 Humbert, Louis— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry. KA October 23, 1918, Argonne. 
 
 Moll, Fred W.— Pvt., Co. B, 327th Infantry. KA September 12, 1918, France. 
 
 Schlosser, Arthur L. — Capt., Co. G, Ulth Infantry. KA September 29, 1918 Argonne. Acting Major. 
 
 Wesp, Franklin P. — Co. C, 3d Machine Gun Battalion. KA July 18, 1908, Soissons. 
 
 Ast, Raymond — Corp., Co. B, 326th Infantry. 
 
 Beitz, Frank J.— Pvt., 311th Infantry. 
 
 Beitz, Norman A. — Ist-class Yeoman. 
 
 Bihler, John — Pvt., 502d Engineers. 
 
 Birkmeyer, Jos. C. — Ist-class Pvt., Construction Eng. 
 
 Brader, Fred — Pvt., Camp Dix. 
 
 Brauch, Fred G.— U. S. C. Guard. 
 
 Breidenstein, Andrew A. — Sgt., 157th Depot Brigade. 
 
 Breidenstein, Henry P. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. 
 
 "Vermont." 
 Breidensteinin, Leo W. — Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry. 
 Breidenstein, Peter J.— Sgt., Co. B, 326th Infantry. 
 
 WA October 9, 1918, France. 
 Brennan, Benjamin — Pvt., Camp Dix. 
 Briggs, Wm. F.— Pvt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. 
 Brun, Frank X.— Pvt., Headq'rs Co., 106th F. A. 
 Brunner, Edward J.— Corp., U. S. M. C. 
 Brunner, Leo J. — Transport " El Munde." 
 Bucher, Geo. H. — Wagoner, Supply Co., 309th Infantry. 
 Colmeraurer, George A. — Pvt., Co. B, 59th Pioneer Inf. 
 Colmerauer, Jos. M. — Ist-class Pvt., Headquarters Co., 
 
 304th Field Artillery. WA August 27, 1918. 
 
 Chateau Thierry. 
 Colmerauer, Maurice — Corp., Heavy Tank Corps. 
 Crane, Lionel— Reg. Mil. Supply Sgt., 307th Infantry. 
 Crosier, George R.— Sgt., 307th Infantry. 
 Curtin, Charles D.— 106th Field Artillery. 
 Degen, Willard G.— S. A. T. C. 
 DeTemple, Arthur — Pvt., 121st Engineers. 
 Diefenbach, Roy J. — Engineer Reserve. 
 Diefenbach, Elmer G. — Sgt. 
 
 Dieter, George J. L.— Pvt., Co. B, 303d Engineers. 
 Dieter, Wm. E.— 2d Blacksmith, Co. B, 303d Engineers. 
 
 Doster, Albert F.— Pvt., Co. L, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Doster, Carl W.— Pvt., Co. L, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Drennan, Earl A. — 2d-class Seaman, U.S.S. "Mansfield." 
 
 Drennan, Langdon D. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. C, 102d 
 F. S. B. 
 
 Drennan, Stanley A. — Ist-class Fireman, U. S S. 
 "Tacoma." 
 
 Dunlap, John M. — Pvt., Co. C, Warfare Transp. 
 
 Eberhardt, Anton C. A.— Pvt., Co. A, 162d Infantry. 
 
 Eberhardt, W. R. — Pvt., Camp Handcock. 
 
 Ehinger, Wilbur R.— S. A. T. C. 
 
 Eich, Clements — Pvt., Camp Dix. 
 
 Fuller, George H.— Pvt., 336th Field Artillery. 
 
 Fuller, Wm. L.— Pvt., 355th Machine Gun Battalion. 
 
 Ferry, Henry— Pvt., Co. K, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Foster, William— 336th Heavy Field Artillery. 
 
 Fronczak, Joseph F. — Pvt., Camp Dix. 
 
 Galuska, Anthony— Pvt., U. S. M. C. 
 
 Glunz, John— Pvt., Co. C, 12th Infantry. 
 
 Godfrey, Howard H. — Pvt. 
 
 Gottlieb, Edward V. — Corp., Co. M, Ordnance Dept. 
 
 Grabbenstatter, Elmer L.— S. A. T. C. 
 
 Gross, Peter J.— Pvt., 306th Infantry. 
 
 Guinney, Chas.— Pvt., 306th Infantry. 
 
 Hacker, Henry C. 
 
 Hammond, Howard W. — Sgt., Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Hample, John. 
 
 Heaton, Lyman A. — Coxswain, U. S. N. R. F. 
 
 Helmich, Emil G.— Pvt. 
 
 Henderson, Carl — Pvt., Wagoner, 311th Supply Co. 
 
 Hoffman, Edward— Pvt., Co. H, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Hoffman, Henry A. — Ist-class Pvt., 307th Co., Quarter- 
 master Corps. 
 
Erie County's Service Roster 
 
 733 
 
 WEST SENECA— Con. 
 
 Holtz, Arthur W.— Pvt., 153d Depot Brigade. 
 
 Horn, Clarence P.— Pvt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. 
 
 Hornung, Harry — Ist-class Pvt., 304th Field Artillery. 
 
 Humbert, Clarence J.— 115th O. A. R. D. 
 
 Humbert, Charles N.— 35th Tank Corps. 
 
 Humbert, Joseph S.— Battery A, 304th Field Artillery. 
 
 Hungerford, Fred. 
 
 Hurd, Fred S.— Corp., Co. K. 306th Infantry. 
 
 Jerge, Jos. 
 
 Kalle, Lewis W.— Pvt., Co. F, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Karpf, Foster— Pvt., 94th D. S. Co., France. 
 
 Kausner, Edw. J. — Pvt., Co. I, 2d Camp Wheeler. 
 
 Kausner, Frank — Pvt., Co. C, 147th Infantry. 
 
 Kausner, John — Pvt.-, Co. H, 307th Infantry. 
 
 Kelchlin, Louis— Machine Gun Co., 78th Div. WA. 
 
 Keppel, Arthur F. 
 
 Kibler, Raymond— Pvt., Co. E, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Kingsley, Albert H.— Pvt., 2d Co., Camp Wheeler. 
 
 Klas, Lawrence — 2d-class Cook, U. S. Navy. 
 
 Klein, George J.— Lieut., Co. E, il7th Infantry. 
 
 Klink, Edward— Pvt., Battery B, 304th Field Artillery. 
 
 Koeppen, Frank J. — Pvt., Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Koeppen, Edw. F. — Pvt., U. S. Marine Corps. 
 
 Koester, Abraham — Pvt., Headquarters Co., 7th Inf. 
 
 Kron, John F.— Pvt., Headquarters Co., 152d D. B. 
 
 Lambert, Garrett A. — Corp., 74th Engineers. 
 
 Lambert, John J. — Capt., Ordnance Department. 
 
 Lambert, Ira P. — Ist-class Pvt., 311th Infantry. 
 
 Lankes, Frank — Pvt. 
 
 Lehman, Peter W.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. L, 311th Inf. 
 
 Lesswing, Herbert G.— Pvt., M. G. H., Field Artillery. 
 
 Leverentz, John F. — Heavy Field Artillery. 
 
 Leydecki, Arnold J. — Pvt., 502d Engineers. 
 
 Liddle, Raymond — Pvt., Co. A, 87th Engineers. 
 
 Liddle, Howard — Ist-class Boatswain Mate, U. S. N. 
 
 Limpert, Paul— Pvt., Co. E, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Linderman — Sgt., Co. A, 61st Infantry. 
 
 Loutario, Gust. 
 
 Mader, William— Corp., Headquarters Co., 309th F. A. 
 
 McManus. 
 
 Marzolf, Joseph B.— Top Sgt., Battery E, 106th F. A. 
 
 Merz, William C— Pvt., Co. I, Camp Dix. 
 
 Metzger, Andrew L. — Co. M, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Metzger, Adolph — 2d Machinist's Mate, U. S. N. A. F. 
 
 Miller, Arthur J. — Pvt., 15th Aero Const. 
 
 Miller, William N.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. F, 346th Inf. 
 
 Moeller, William A. — Pvt., Machine Gun Co., 7th In- 
 fantry. WA October 6, 1918, Argonne. 
 
 Morlock, Henry J.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. D, 346th Inf. 
 
 Mossack, Edward L.— Pvt., Co. E, 19th E. C, France. 
 
 Mossack, Emil H. — Officers Training Camp. 
 
 Noll, William C— Pvt., 90th Trans. Corps. WA 
 August, 1918, France. 
 
 Oetinger, Otto G. — 2d-class Gunner's Mate, U. S. N. 
 
 Oritz, Alerdo. 
 
 Ost, Edward W.— Sgt., Co. K, 306th Infantry. 
 
 Ost, Charles F.— Corp. 
 
 Ott, Alfred— Ist-class Pvt., Battery F, 306th F. A. 
 
 Ott, Alysious— Candidate, F. A. O. T. S. 
 
 Pagel, George C. —Wagoner, 304th Field Artillery. 
 
 Palmer, Frederick W.— 1st Lieut., M. R. C. 
 
 Pufpaff, Paul. 
 
 Reiman, Edmund. 
 
 Rich, Henry William— 41st Co., 153d D. B. 
 
 Richt, Otto W.— Corp., 72d R. P. Infantry. 
 
 Roesch, Albert P. — Fireman, U. S. Navy. 
 
 Roth, Frederick— Pvt., Co. B, 8th Sep. Battalion. 
 
 Rothenberger, C. H.— Pvt., 152d D. B. 
 
 Rueger, Ludwig F. — Ist-class Pvt., Co. B, 117th Trans- 
 port Corps. 
 
 Scheuneman, Emil — Pvt., Co. M, 109th Machine Gun. 
 
 Scheuneman, Wm.— 4th Platoon, 10th B., 153d D. B. 
 
 Schlosser, Frederick R.— Bat. D, 304th Field Artillery. 
 
 Schmidle, Claud A.— Pvt., Co. C, 324th F. S. B., Camp 
 Meade. 
 
 Schmidle, Leo R. — Pvt., 1st D.H. Army Corps, France. 
 
 Schmidt, Emil C. 
 
 Schneider, Wm. J. 
 
 Schonblom, Edwin E.— Pvt., Co. C, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Schultz, Wm. C— Pvt., Co. C, 311th Infantry. 
 
 Schwab, Phillip J.— Corp., Battery D, 304th F. A. 
 
 Seebald, Jacob — Pvt., Camp Dix. 
 
 Seibert, George M.— Pvt., 346th Infantry. 
 
 Seibert, Joe A. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Rhode 
 Island." 
 
 Seibert, Wm. — 2d-class Seaman, U. S. S. "Columbia." 
 
 Smith, Floyd R.— Pvt., Co. B, 346th Infantry. 
 
 Sobisch, Charles. 
 
 Solly, Walter — Corp., 482d Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Solly, Edward C— 1st Cook, Q. M. C, 342d Infantry. 
 
 Spencer, Raymond— Pvt., 65th Co. D. B., 17th Bat. 
 
 Stadler, Geo. E.— Pvt., Co. B, 306th Machine Gun 
 Battalion. WA August 15, 1918, France. 
 
 Stafflinger, Jacob J. — Corp., 302d Center Headqrs. Co. 
 
 Stafflinger, Herman G. — 428th Motor Transport Corps. 
 
 Steffen, Milton W.— U. S. S. "Constin." 
 
 Stief, Fred H.— Pvt. 
 
 Thorn, Henry J.— Pvt., 177th Depot Brigade. 
 
 Topp, Carl H.— U. S. Navy. 
 
 Ulrich, George L.— Ist-class Pvt., Battery D, 304th 
 Field Artillery. 
 
 Vandermeulen, Harry — Ist-class Pvt., Co. C, 15th B'n. 
 
 Vandermeulen, Paul D.— Pvt., 304th Field Artillery. 
 
 Vergeil, Wm. 
 
 Vogel, George — 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Walterich, Chas. A. 
 
 Weber, Louis J. — Corp., Co. A, 303d Ammunition Tr. 
 
 Werschin, Paul G.— Sgt., U. S. S. "Leviathan." 
 
 Werschin, William H.— Sgt., Co. E, 328th Infantry. 
 WA October 9, 1918, France. 
 
 Wesp, G. Alvin — Corp., Co. A, Quartermaster Corps. 
 
 Yager, John J. 
 
 Young, John J. — Sgt., 12th Division, Headq'rs Troops. 
 
 Young, Wm. J. — Cook, Co. H, 59th Pioneer Infantry. 
 
 Yuskiewiecz, Alec. 
 
 Zarnikan, Henry A. — Pvt., Battery B, Heavy F. A. 
 
 Zarnikan, Wm. N.— Ist-class Pvt., Co. D, 346th Inf. 
 
 Zimpfer, Arthur L.— Sgt., Co. L, 309th Infantry. 
 
3£P 2 9 1950 
 
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