an -J— — HH m Hi ■raH| HH WHSBb m m mm M HaS mm HHH11 Hll USUI m mm B 1311 m c*- flV -- \%* W *> -^ O v c x ^ *o o N ^ ^ ^ ■ "* < c* A' *0 o X c**. > •0 ^ 0° »' ■' * ^ WzWttt f $ practical SDictionarp* n . A PRACTICAL DICTIONARY OP THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, GIVING THE CORRECT SPELLING, PRONUNCIATION, AND DEFINITIONS OF WORDS, WITH AN APPENDIX CONTAINING VAKIOUS USEFUL TABLES. CHIEFLY DERIVED FROM WEBSTER'S UNABRIDGED DICTIONARY. EDITED UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF NOAH PORTER, D. D, LL. D, PRESIDENT OF YALE COLLEGE, BY DOESEY GARDNER TOtf) uearlg ffiitmi 5|imtrre& Sliutftratfontf. v %/»^ DEC 22 ?8g4 < NEW YORK AND CHICAGO : IVISON, BLAKEMAN, TAYLOR, AND COMPANY. SPRINGFIELD, MASS.: G. & C. MERRIAM AND COMPANY. 1884. Copyright, 1884, By G. & c, MERRIAM & CO. PKEFAOE. The purpose of this volume is to supply, in as compact a form as is consistent with clearness, the orthography, pronunciation, meaning, and etymology of all English words which are likely to be encountered by the general reader or the student. Words of an exclusively technical or scien- tific nature are in general omitted, — both to reserve space for the adequate treatment of words in general use, and because the limited class of persons who desire information of this kind would in any case refer to encyclopedias or glossaries devoted to an especial field. Although the book is small, it will be found to contain a more copious vocabulary and fuller definitions of the essential words, than many dictionaries of greater bulk. The illustrations, which have been profusely used wherever they could aid the understanding of the subject, will be found in many cases to afford a clearer explanation than could be given by the use of words. Arrangement Of Words. — The great condensation of the book is due in part to the exclusion of definitions of derived words, which are in fact self-explanatory as soon as the root-word is thoroughly defined. For instance, under the vocabulary word Blame (p. 38), Blamable is de- fined, but not Blamableness or Blamably ; Blameless, but not Blamelessly or Biameless- ness ; Blameworthy, but not Blameworthiness : the words, however, are given ; also their pronunciation is invariably indicated by accents, or by respelling when necessary ; so also is the part of speech, by the conventional signs uniformly employed. — But the principal saving of space is due to the system of referring words, formed upon a common prefix, to the first of these words Which occurs alphabetically ; explaining there the prefix fully and once for all. For example, the inseparable prefix In-, having a negative force, is fully accounted for in its regular alphabet- ical place ; its euphonic changes (into i- before gn-; il- before I- ; im- before m and p ; and ir- before r-) are described ; and then reference is made to the five vocabulary words under which such formatives are grouped : viz> : — Ignoble, covering 13 words, and occupying £ of a column. Illaudable, covering 20 words, and occupying \ of r column. Immaculate, covering 132 words, and occupying 3 columns. Inability, covering ■ 415 words, and occupying J.Oj columns. Irrational, covering 34 words, and occupying If columns. Total 614 words, occupying 14f column* In the Unabridged Dictionary the corresponding words, as ascertained by measurement, fill 147 of i*s much ampler columns ; and — by reason of the strictly alphabetical arrangement of that -" . - extend over 65 pages ( words of different derivation being fcf course intermingled with •jm), as against 1\ pages of this volume. Another similar economy, which has effected the saving of much space, is illustrated by the following entry (p. 32) : — Be-, prefix, has sometimes an intensive force, as besprinkle. Prefixed to nouns or adjectives, it often has the meaning to make, and transforms them into verbs : thus Bedim, Befool, mean to make dim, to make a fool of. Sometimes it has the meaning of by, as Beside. For words beginning with Be- not found in this vo- cabulary, see the original word : thus, for Bedaub, Bedim, etc., see Daub, Dim, etc. A like saving has been effected in the case of many of these prolific prefixes. Thus, Re-, with its form Red-, having been accounted for (p. 335), the generality "of words so constructed are XV PREFACE. disposed of by the note : " It may be prefixed to almost any verb and many substantives, the word so formed being usually self-explanatory." Still, when a difference in either pronunciation or meaning has taken place, both forms are given and defined : for instance, Rec'ollect' and Re- collect' are combined in a single paragraph (p. 337), as being of identical derivation ; but their widely divergent meanings are adequately defined ; while their primitive meaning is left to be sought under Collect. System Of Grouping. — A saving similar to that made by associating words having the same prefix has been accomplished by consolidating into one paragraph words derived from the same root, provided they have the same initial letter. Thus, under the noun Air (p. 10) are given, first, the direct derivatives, the verb, To Air, the noun Airing, adjective Airy, adverb Airily, noun Airiness ; then follow, alphabetically, the derived compounds — viz. : Air'bath, -bed, -bladder, etc., — of which there are 16 ; and the result is that 21 words are adequately accounted for in 42 lines, although a space equal to 5 of these lines is given to an illustration showing the construction of an Air-pump ; whereas the corresponding words occupy just 200 lines of the broader columns of the Unabridged. Again, under Water (p. 499), this book covers 49 words in 190 lines, or about 2 columns, including 6 illustrations ; while in the Unabridged the word and its deriva- tions fill 7| columns, or 837 lines. — It must be explained, however, that, while words of identical etymology have been thus systematically grouped, great care has been taken to indicate the dif- ference between words having the same spelling and pronunciation, but a different etymology. Thus, on page 399, there are 4 separate paragraphs headed Sound, both the meaning and origin of these words and their derivations being totally distinct. There are also 3 entirely different words, Smack (p. 392), yet of the same pronunciation. This point is dwelt upon because, in many elaborate dictionaries, words from totally different sources and of dissimilar meanings have been grouped as if they were of identical origin — which is hopelessly confusing to a student of the language. — It should, however, be understood that only words having the same initial letter are thus associated ; but reference is made to cognate words, if they begin with a different prefix or compound, so as to show their common origin, however widely they may be separated alphabeti- cally. For instance, the paragraph Stand (p. 410) includes 20 words and phrases which fall al- phabetically under stand- ; and these fill but 55 lines, or about two thirds of a column. To trace out the significance of this group of allied words, the student should examine each of them, with its derivatives. For example, in the case of Stand, its derivatives Understand, Under- standing, etc. , are grouped among the 67 words associated under the leading word Under ; as are "Withstand, etc., under With. By this system many pages have been saved in the aggregate. While words have been thus grouped in accordance with their etymologies, the etymologies themselves have necessarily been omitted, in order to secure the extreme brevity of the work. Those who desire the etymologies will find them given, with a fullness not sought in much bulkier works, in the slightly larger Condensed Dictionary of the English Language, of which the present volume is an abridgment. Pronunciation. — The marks indicating pronunciation have been made as few and as simple as is consistent with clearness and precision. The leading word of each paragraph is respelled pho- netically ; but subsequent words within the paragraph are respelled only in instances where the pronunciation changes, or where for any reason it might be doubtful.* — An unmarked vowel, followed by a consonant in the same syllable, is short (as am, end, in, odd, sun) : an unmarked vowel forming a syllable by itself, or ending a syllable, is long, or has its name sound (as a, be, di-al, no, fu-el, by) ; but a, not under the accent, forming or ending a syllable, has a brief sound of a in far, or in some cases a brief sound of long a in fate. Vowel sounds which are not thus ex- plained by their position, also the sounds of such consonants as have more than one sound, are marked in accordance with the key-line at the foot of each two adjoining pages. The diacritical marks there employed are self-explanatory, with the exception of that which designates the nasal sound illustrated in the key-line by the French word boisboTS. This n indicates that the preceding vowel is nasal, but care should be taken that the back part of the tongue is not pressed against the palate as is done in producing the English ng. For example, in making the French sound * Where alternative pronunciations are given for the leading word, the choice between them is understood to apply to the subsequent words in the paragraph, unless these are otherwise marked. For instance, in the paragraph Retroact (p. 348), the pronunciation of the first two syllables of all words in the paragraph may be either re'tro- or rit'ro-. grapn may PREFACE. v on we may proceed as if about to say ong (as in song), but stop before the sound ng is produced. Similarly the other French nasal vowels can be produced. For the sake of brevity, the second part of a compound word in the body of a paragraph is not respelled, if its true pronunciation is given in its alphabetical place in the vocabulary : thus, in the paragraph Sheep (p. 379), the compounds Sheep-walk, Sheep's-eye, are presumed to require no respelling, since the few persons unaware of the pronunciation of the second word in the com- pound can seek it in its own place in the vocabulary. But in cases where there is a deviation from the sound of the original word, this is indicated by respelling, — as in Housewife, under the vocabulary word House (p. 183). —In the large class of verbs and verbal adjectives spelled alike and terminating in -ale (as Degenerate, Duplicate, Elaborate), the attempt has not been made to mark the different quantity of the a in the final syllable, which is always given its long sound, as found in the verb ; but, in fact, it has a less prolonged sound in the adjectives, derived adverbs, and abstract nouns — approximating or falling into that of short e. The editor's thanks are due to Mr. Zenas W. Bliss, of The Riverside Press, Cambridge, Mass., for many valuable suggestions and criticisms made while the book was passing through the press under his critical eye. The Appendix. — After the conclusion of the vocabulary, there is given an Appendix, which contains : — I. A Pronouncing Vocabulary of Biblical, Classical, Mythological, Historical, and Geographical Proper Names. II. Abbreviations used in Writing and Printing. III. Arbitrary Signs used in Writing and Printing. IV. Metric System of Weights and Measures. Most of these sections require no explanation. But of the one devoted to proper names — in- cluding those which occur in Biblical, Classical, Egyptian, Hindoo, Modern, and Norse history and literature =— the editor may explain that, after much inquiry, he was unable to find that such a collection had ever been made. Accordingly, starting upon the foundation of the Classical and Biblical vocabularies of Webster's Unabridged, and gathering from a variety of sources the names which occur in other literatures, he formed the consolidated Pronouncing Vocabulary of Proper Names (pp. 521-620). In this, the origin and pronunciation of all proper names which the reader is likely to encounter are indicated by the same system of marking employed in the body of the book. New Haven, September, 1884. m PBEFIXES AND SUFFIXES. The PREFIXES are accounted for in their alphabetical places in the Vocabulary, and are not repeated here. SUFFIXES. Ac. [Gr. -akos.] A suffix signifying of or pertain- ing 1 o. . Age. [F.] A termination of nouns having a collec- tive or abstract meaning. Al. [L. -alis.1 A termination of words from the Latin, denoting of, or pertaining to. See Cal. An. [L. -anus.] A termination of nouns and adjec- tives from the Latin, denoting office, 2Jrofesswn, or character. Ance, Ancy. [L. -antia.] Terminations of some nouns having an abstract signification. Ant. [L. -am, -ayitis.] A termination of adjectives from the Latin, expressing quality or habit; and of nouns denoting the doer of a thing. At. [L. -aris.] A termination of adjectives derived from the Latin, and denoting^ of, or pertaining to. Ard, the termination of many English words, is taken from the Goth, hardus, AS. heard, Ic. & E. hard, and appears in proper names ; as, llenard, strong in counsel ; Go&dard, strong in, or through, God, etc. We find it also in appellatives, usually with a had signification. Ary. [L. -arius.] A termination of adjectives from the Latin, denoting of, or pertaining to; and of nouns, denoting the doer of a thing. Ate. [L. -atus.~\ A termination ; — 1. Of verbs. 2. Of adjectives, implying nature, likeness, quality, agreement, effect, etc. 3. Of nouns, denoting (a.) office or dignity; (b.) the possessor of an office or dignity; (c.) salts containing one degree or more of oxygen. Ble. [L. -bilis.] A termination of adjectives derived from the Latin, or formed on the same model, and signifying capable of being, or worthy to be. Cal. [L. -cus.] A termination of adjectives derived from the Latin or following the analogy of such, and signifying of or pertaining to. Dom. A termination denoting jurisdiction, or prop- erty and jurisdiction. It was originally doom, judgment. Hence it is used to denote state, condi- 'tion, or quality. Ean. (Gr. -aios or -eios, ~L.-xus, -eus.] A termination of adjectives derived from Greek adjectives, or formed on the pattern of such adjectives, and de- noting of or pertaining to. Ee. A termination of nouns, denoting one on or to whom something is done. Eer. See Ier. En. A plural termination of nouns and of verbs formerly in use, as in housen, escape?!, and retained in oxen and children. It is also -still used as the termination of some verbs, as in hearken, from the Anglo-Saxon infinitive. It is also used to form from nouns adjectives expressing the material of which a thing is made. Encs, Ency. [L. -entia.'] A termination of abstract nouns from the Latin, or of nouns that follow the analogy of nouns so derived. Ent. [L. -ens, -entis.] A termination of nouns from the Latin, denoting the doer of a thing; or of par- ticipial adjectives expressing quality or habit. Er. A termination of many English words, and the Teutonic form of the Latin or. It denotes an agent, and was originally of the masculine gender, but is now applied to men or things indifferently. At the end of names of places, er signifies a man of the place ; thus, Londone?- is the same as London man. Escent. [L. -escens, -escentis.] A termination of par- ticipial adjectives from the Latin, denoting progres- sion, growing, or becoming. Ess. [£"., from L. -ix.} A termination of nouns fem- inine, distinguishing them from correspondent nouns masculine. Ful. (Same as full.'] A termination of adjectives de- noting plenitude or abundance, and generally formed from substantives. Fy. [L. facere, fieri, F. fier.] A termination of verbs, denoting to make, to become. Hood. (AS. had, from had, state, sex, order, degree, person, form, manner, Goth, haidus.] A termina- tion denoting state or fixedness, condition, quality, character, totality. Sometimes it is written head. Ic. [Gr. -ikos, L. -icus.] A termination of adjectives denoting of, or pertaining to. Ics. A termination of nouns, plural in form but sin- gular in signification, applied to certain arts or sciences. Id. [L. -idus.] A termination of adjectives denoting quality. Ier, Eer. [F. -ier, -iere.] A termination of nouns de- noting men from their occupations or employ- ment. He. (L. -His.] A termination of adjectives from the Latin, denoting of or pertaining to. Ine. [L. -inus.] A termination of adjectives from the Latin, denoting of, or pertaining to. Ion. [L. -io, genitive -ionis.] A termination of ab- stract nouns derived from the Latin, or formed after the same analogy. Ish. [AS. isc, Goth, -is*, NHG. -isch.] A termination of English words denoting diminution, or a small degree of the quality. Ish annexed to proper names forms a possessive adjective. Annexed to common nouns, it forms an adjective denoting a participa- tion of the qualities expressed by the noun. Ism. [Gr. -ismos.] A termination of nouns from the Greek, or of nouns formed on the same model as these, denoting tenets, doctrines, or principles. 1st. [Gr. -istes.] A termination of nouns designating men from their occupations, pursuits, or principles. Ite. [L. -itus.] A termination of nouns and adjec- tives. It is often used to form collective or gentile names. Ity. See Ty. Ive. [L. -ivus.] A termination of nouns and adjec- tives from the Latin, denoting ability, power, or ac- tivity. Ize, l8e. [Gr. -izein.] A termination of verbs from the Greek, or of verbs formed on the same model, and denoting to make, to cause to be, to become. Kin. [AS. cyn, cynd, kin, kind, offspring, race ; s. rt. L. genus, Gr. genos, gonos.] A diminutive termina- tion, denoting small, from the sense of child. lie. A diminutive termination. Less. A terminating syllable of many nouns and some adjectives. It is the AS. leas, s. rt. E. loose, ft. AS. leosan, to lose. Hence, it is a privative word, PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES. Vll denoting destitution; as, a witness man. a man desti- tute of wit ; child/ess, without children. Let. [F. dim. termination -et, as in islet, eaglet, bar- onet; with I inserted, as in streamlet, brancldet.] A termination of diminutives ; as, h&mlet, a little house ; rivutef, a small stream. Ling. [AS.] A termination denoting condition, off- spring, or progeny. Ly. [ME. lich, an abbreviation of AS. lie, Goth, leiks, £. like.] A termination of adjectives, as in lovely, manly, that is, love-like, man-like. It is also a ter- mination of adverbs [ME. liche, AS. lice]. Ment. A termination of nouns (formed often from verbs), denoting condition, state, or act. Mony. [L. -moniuni, -monia.] A termination of nouns from the Latin, signifying action, or an active fac- ulty, being, or a state of being, viewed abstractly. Ness. [AS. -ness, -niss, Goth. -nassus.] A termination of abstract names, denoting state, or quality. Ock. [AS. -ca or -uca.] A diminutive termination of nouns. *tfr. A termination of Latin nouns, denoting an agent. It is annexed to many words of English origin ; as in lessor. In general, or is annexed to words of Latin, and er to those of English, origin. See Er. Jry. [L. -orius.] A termination of words from the Latin, denoting of, or pertaining to. Ose, Ous. [L. -o>us, -us.] A termination of English adjectives (many of which are derived directly from the Latin), denoting quality or property. Ric. [AS. rice, ric; s. rt. L. regere, to rule, and regio, region.] A termination signifying jurisdiction, or a district over which government is exercised. Ship. [AS. scipe, scype, fr. scyppan, to mold, from, shape.] A termination denoting state, office, dig- nity, profession, or art. Sion! See Io> r . Some. [AS. sum, Goth, sarna, like, the same.] A ter- mination of certain adjectives. It indicates a con- siderable degree of the thing or quantity : as, mettle- some, full of mettle or spirit ; g\ab\some, very glad or joyous. Ster. [AS. -estre, -istre.] A termination denoting skill or occupation. It was originally applied to de- note the female agent in an action. Thus, songster signified, at first, a female who sings ; but the end- ing ster having at length, in a measure, lost its pe- culiar force, the feminine termination ess was ap- pended to it ; thus, songster became songsteress, or songstress, with a double ending. T, Th. [AS.] A termination of abstract nouns of Anglo-Saxon origin. Tion. See Ion. Tude. [L. -tudo.] A termination of abstract nouns from the Latin, signifying action or an active fac- xdty, being, or a state of being. Ty. [L. -tas, -tatis, F. -te 1 .] A termination of words denoting action or an active faculty, being, or a state of being, viewed, abstractly. Ure. [L. -ura.] A termination of words derived from the Latin (often through the Italian or French), and denoting action or an active faculty, being, or a state of being, viewed abstractly. Ward, or Wards. [AS. -weard, -iveardes; Goth. -vairths, allied to L. vertere, to turn, versus, toward.] A suffix used in the composition of a large class of words, and denoting direction, or tendency to, mo- tion toward, and the like. Wise. [AS. ivise, allied to guise.] A termination of adverbs or conjunctions implying in the direction of, by way of, or in the manner of. ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS WORK. a adjective. abbr abbreviated. abl ablative. ace accusative. adv adverb. Agric Agriculture. Alg.. Algebra. Am., A.iter America, American. Anat Anatomy. Antiq Antiquities. aor aorist. appl applied to. Arch Architecture. Arith Arithmetic. Astrol Astrology. Astron Astronomy. Bib Biblical. Bot Botany. Carp Carpentry. Cf Confer (compare). Chem Chemistry. Civ Civil. Colloq.,coll Colloquial, colloqui- ally. Com Commerce, Com- mon. comp compound, com- pounded. compar comparative. Conch Conchology. conj conjunction. contr contracted, contrac- tion. corresp corresponding to. corrupt corrupted, corrup- tion. dat dative. dial dialect. dim diminutive. disting distinguished, as dis- tinguished from. E English, East. Eccl Ecclesiastical. Eccl. Hist Ecclesiastical His- tory. e. g exempli gratia (for example). Ele.c Electricity. Eng England, English. Engin Engineering. Entom Entomology. equiv equivalent. esp especially. etym etymology. /• : feminine. Eig Figurative, figura- tively. Fort Fortification. fr from. freq frequentative. fut future. Galv Galvanism. gen generally, genitive. Geog Geography. Geol Geology. Geom Geometry. Gram Grammar. Her Heraldry. Hist History. Hort Horticulture. Ichth Ichthyology. id est (that is). imp imperfect. 'ncept inceptive. nf. infinitive. intern intensive. nterj interjection. Join, lit... .Joinery, .literally. m masculine. Mach Machinery. Mar Maritime. Math Mathematics. Mech Mechanics. Med Medicine. Metal Metallurgy. Metaph Metaphysics. Meteor Meteorology. Mil Military. Min Mineralogy. Mus Music. Myth Mythology. Jf. New, North. n noun. Nat. Hist Natural History. Naut Nautical. neut neuter. Numis : Numismatics. O Old. 05s Obsolete. Onomat Onomatopoetic, named from its sound. Opt Optics. orig original, originally. Ornith Ornithology. p participle. p. a participial adjective Taint Painting. Paleon Paleontology. pass passive. Pathol Pathology. perh perhaps. pers person. pert pertaining. Philos Philosophy. Photog Photography. Phren Phrenology. Physiol Physiology. pi plural. Poet Poetry, poetical. Pol Polish. Polit. Econ Political Economy. p.p participle past. p. pr participle present. pre/. prefix. prep preposition. pre t preterit. Print Printing. priv privative. prdb probably. pron pronunciation , pro- nounced ; pronoun. prop properly. Pros Prosody. Prov Provincial. q. v quodvide(whichsee) ■ Rhet Rhetoric. Rom Roman. R. Cath Roman Catholic. RR Railroads. Russ Russ. S Saxon, South. Scot Scotland, Scottish. Script Scripture , scriptural. Sculp Sculpture. sing singular. s.rt from the same rootas. superl superlative. Surg Surgery. Surv Surveying. term termination. Theol Theology. Trans Translation. Typog Typography. U. S United States. v verb. vb. n verbal noun. v.i verb intransitive. v. t verb transitive. W Welsh, West. Zobl Zoology. = equal to, the same as. PRACTICAL DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. Abacus. (Naut.) Towards the stem A. An adjective, commonly called the indefinite arti- cle, and signifying one or any, but less emphati- cally: it is a contraction of the Anglo-Saxon an, one, and" is used before words beginning with a consonant sound. See An. —A 1, a-wun. An underwriter's registry mark for seaworthy vessels of the first or highest class, inferior grades being indicated by A 2, A2J, etc.; first-rate; prime. Aback, a-bak', adv. (Nant.) Backward, as of sails caught in reverse by a change of wind. — Taken aback. Taken by surprise, unexpectedly baffled. Abacus, ab'a-kus, n. A calculating-frame with sliding counters, for compu- ting. (Arch.) The up- per plate upon the cap- ital of a column, sup- porting the architrave. — Ab'acist, -sist, n. One who computes by an abacus. Abaft, a-batf, prep. from ; back of. Abalienate, ab-al'yen-at, v. t. (Law.) To transfer the title of. Abandon, a-ban'dun, v. t. [abandoned (-ban'dund), -doning.] To give up wholly and finally; to relin- quish, forsake, forego. — Abandoned, -dund, p. a. Given up entirely, as to a vice ; depraved ; repro- bate. — Aban'donee', -dun-e', n. (Law.) One to whom a thing is abandoned. — Aban'doner, n. One who, etc. — Abandonment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. ; desertion. — Abandon, a-baN-dSN', n. Complete_absorption in some object or emotion. Abase, a-bas', v. t. [abased (-basf), abasing.] To bring low, as to the ground; to cast down, degrade. — Abase 'ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. Abash, a-bash', v. t. [abashed (-bashf), abashing.] To strike with sudden shame or fear ; to confuse, confound. — Abasn'ment, n. Confusion from shame. Abate, a-bat', v. t. To bring down or reduce to a lower state, number, degree, etc.; to diminish; les- sen. (Law.) To cause to fail, as a writ; to destroy, as a nuisance. — v. i. To decrease, become less in strength, subside; to fail, as a writ. — Abate'ment, n. Act of abating ; deduction ; mitigation ; discount. — Abat'able, a. — Abat'er, -or, -er, n. Abatis, Abattis, ab'a-tis, or ab-a-te', n. (Fort.) A row of sharpened branches of trees turned outward for defense. Abattoir, ab-at-war', n. A slaughter-house. Abbot, ab'but, n. The head of a society of monks ; governor of an abbey. — Ab'bacy, -sT, n. The con- dition or privileges of, etc. — Ab'bess, n. The gov- erness of a nunnery.— Ab'bey, -bT, n. ; pi. Ab'beys. A residence of monks or nuns; monastery; a church attached to a monastery. — Abbe, ab'ba, n. Grig, an abbot ; now an ecclesiastic without charge, devoted to teaching, literature, etc. ABIETIN Abbreviate, ab-bre'vY-at, v. t. To make shorter ; to reduce by contraction or omission; to abridge. — Abbre'via'tion, n. Act of abbreviating ; the form to which a word or phrase is reduced by contraction or omission. (Mus.) A dash through the stem of a note, dividing it into quavers, semi-quavers, etc. — Abbre'viator, -ter, n. One who, etc. — Abbre'via- tory, a. Abbreviating ; shortening. — Abbre'via- ture, -chur, n. An abridgment ; compend. Abdicate, ab'dt-kat, v. t. To give up right or claim to ; to withdraw from ; to relinquish, as sovereign authority. — Abdication, n. Act of, etc. — Ab'- dicative, -tiv, a. Causing, or implying abdication. Abdomen, ab-do'men, n. (Anat.) The belly. (Entom.) The posterior of the sections into which the body is divided. —Abdominal, a. Pert, to, etc. — n. Fish, like salmon, etc., with ventral fins back of the pec- toral. — Abdom'inous, -nus, a. Having a big belly. Abduce, ab-dus' [abduced (-dust'), -ducing], Ab- duct, -dukf, v. t. To take away by stealth or by unlawful force. — Abduc'tion, n. Act of, etc.; a car- rying away, esp. of a person, by fraud, stealth, or force.— Abduc'tor, n. One who, etc. (Anat.) A muscle which draws a part from the median line of the body. — Abdu'cent, -sent, a. Separating; draw- ing back. Abeam, a-benT", adv. (Naut.) On the beam; at right angles to the keel. Abecedarian, a / be-se-da / Yi-an, n. One who teaches or who learns the A, B, C, or letters of the alphabet. Abed, a-bed', adv. In bed ; on the bed. Aberrance, ab-er'ans, n. Deviation from rectitude. — Aberrant, a. Straying from right; exceptional; abnormal. — Aberra'tion, n. Act of wandering, esp. from truth or moral rectitude, or from the natural state. (Med.) Partial alienation of mind. (Astron.) A small periodical change of position in a heavenly body. Abet, a-bef, v. t. To encourage, aid, further ; — used chieflj' in a bad sense. (Law.) To encourage to commit a crime.— Abefment, n. Act of abetting; support. — Abefter, -tor, -er, n. One who, etc. ; an accomplice ; accessary. Abeyance,' a-ba'ans, n. State of suspension, or tem- porary extinction with the expectation of revival. Abhor, ah-hor', v. t. [abhorred (-hdrdO, -horring. — To regard with horror ; to dislike or hate ex- tremely ; to detest. — Abhorrence, -h8r , rens, n. Great hatred. — Abhorrent, a. Detesting; contrary; repugnant; — with to. — Abhorrer, -h6r'er, n. One who, etc. Abide, a-bld', v. i. [abode (-bod'), abiding.] To con- tinue in a place; to dwell; to continue firm or stable. — v. t. To endure or bear; to await firmly. — Abid'- er, n. One who abides. — Abode'', n. Place of resi- dence; dwelling. Abietin, -tine, a-bKe-tin, n. (Chem.) A resinous sub- stance obtained from turpentine. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Tee ; Sdd, tone, 6r ; eQn, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. ABIGAIL ABSORB Abigail, ab'T-gal, n. A lady's waiting-maid. Ability, a-bil'I-tT, n. Power to act, whether physical, moral, intellectual, conventional, or legal ; might ; talent; efficiency. Abiogenesis, ab'l-o-jenS-sis, Abiogeny, -ojS-ni, n. Production of lile from inorganic matter. — Abiog' r - enist, n. A believer in, etc. Abirritate, ab-irSi-tat, v. t. {Med.) To diminish the sensioiiity of; to debilitate. — Abir'rita'tive, -tiv, a. Wanting in irritation; debilitated. — Abir'rita'tion, n. Want of strength. Abject, ab'jekt, a. Sunk to alow condition ; mean; worthless; groveling, — n. One in a miserable state. — AbjecSion, n. Meanness of spirit; baseness.— Ab'jectly, adv. — Ab'jectness, n. Abjudicate, ab-joo'di-kat, v. t. To give away in judg- ment. — Abjudication, n. Act of, etc. Abjure, ab-joor', v. t. [abjured (-joord / '),-JURiNO.] To renounce under oath, or with solemnity.— AbjurSr, n. One who, etc. — Abjura'tion, n. Act of, etc.— Abjur'atory, a. Containing abjuration. Ablative, ab'ia-tiv, a. {Gram.) Applied to the 6th case of Latin nouns, in which word* signifying car- rying away or taking from, are used. Ablaut, ab'lowt, n. A change of the root-vowel in a word, — esp. to denote change of tense in a verb, of number in_a noun, etc.: as, get, gat, got ; man, men. Ablaze, a-blaz', ado. In a blaze; highly excited. Able, a'bl, a. [abler ; ablest. J Having ability of any kind ; possessing sufficient power, means, skill, etc., to accomplish some end; qualified; efficient; ef- fective. — Ably, a'bll, ad i\ — A'ble-bodied, -bod'id, a. Having a sound, strong body ; robust. Ablepsy, ab'lep-st, n. Want of sight; blindness. Ablution, ab-luShun, n. Act of cleansing or wash- ing ; religious purification ; water used in cleans- ing. — Abluent, a. Cleansing ; purifying. — n. {Med.) A purifier of the blood; a detergent. 3, ab'ne-gat, <>. t. To deny and reject. — Ab- ion, n. Denial and : tor, -ter, n. One who, etc. nega'tion, )enial and renunciation. Abnega' Abnormal, ab-nSr'mal, a. Contrary to rule, law, or system ; irregular. — Abnormality, -norSaity, n. State or quality of being, etc.; irregularity; deform- ity. — Abnor'mably, -mally, adv. Aboard, a-bord', adv. In a vessel; on board, —prep. On board of. Abode, a-bod'. See under Abide. Abolish, a-boKish, v. t. [abolished (-bol'isht), -ish- ing.J To do away with utterly; to put an end to, destroy, make void, annul. - AboKishable, a. Ca- pable of being, etc. — Abol'isher, n. One who, etc. — Abolishment, n. Act of, etc. — Abolition, -lishStn, n. Act of , or state of being, etc.; a doing away with forever. — esp. of slavery.— Abolitionism, -lish , un-izm, n. The principles or measures of an abolitionist. — Aboli'tionist, w. One who favors abolition, — esp. of slavery. — Aboli'tionize, -Iz, v. t. To irnbue with the principles of the abolitionists. Abomasum, ah-o-ma'sum, -maSus, n. The fourth stomach of a ruminant animal. Abominate, a-bom'I-nat, v. t. To turn from, as omi- nous of evil; to detest, abhor. — Abominable, -na-bl, a. Execrable; hateful; shocking. — Abominably, adv. — Abom'inaSion, n. Act of abominating; an object of disgust. Aboriginal, ab-o-rij'T-nal, a. First original; primitive. — n. First or original inhabitant. —Aborigines, -nez, n. pi. The original inhabitants of a country. Abort, a-borf, v. i. To miscarry in birth. — Abor- tion, n. Act of miscarrying ; an immature product of conception; anything which fails to come to ma- turity.— Abor'tive, -tiv, a. Immature; ineffectual; pert, to or causing abortion. — Abor'tively, adv. — Abor'tiveness, n. — Abor'ticide, -sid, n. One who destroys, or the act of destroying, the life of a fetus before birth ; feticide. Abound, a-bownd"\ v. i. To be in great plenty ; to be prevalent; to possess in abundance, — usually with in or with. — Abun'dance, n. Overflowing fullness; plenty; riches. — Abun'dant, a. Fully sufficient; exuberant ; ample. — Abun'dantly, adr. About, a-howt', prep. Around ; surrounding ; near; concerning ; on the point of. — adv. Around ; here and there', nearly. ABRACADABRA ABRACADABR ABRACADAB ABRACADA B R A C A D A B R A C A A B E A C A B R A A B R A B Above, a-buv^ prep. Higher in place than ; superior to. — adv. Overhead ; in a higher place ; before in order of place; higher in rank or power. — Above'- board, -bord, adv. Not concealed; openly.— Above'- ground. Alive ; not interred. Abracadabra, ab'ra-ka-dab'- ra, n. A cabalistic word, formerly used as a charm, arranged in the form of a triangle. Abrade, a-brad', v. t. To rub or wear off. — Abra'- dant, n. That which abrades: esp. powder used in grinding and polishing. — AbraSion, -zhun, n. A rubbing or scraping off; ■substance worn oft' by attrition. Abreast, a-brest r , adv. Side by side on a line. Abridge, a-brij', v. i. [abridged (-brijd'), abridg- ing.] To bring within less space ; to shorten, esD. by using fewer words ; to deprive, cut off ; —with of. {Math.) To reduce to a more simple expression. — Abridgement, n. A shortening or diminution; restriction ; a work abridged or epitomized ; sum- mary; synopsis. Abroach, a-hi-ocTi', adv. Broached ; letting out liquor ; in a state to be diffused. Abroad, a-brawd', adv. At large ; unconfined; out of a house or other inclosure; in foreign countries. Abrogate, ab'ro-gat, v. t. To annul by an authori- tative act ; to abolish ; revoke ; repeal. — Abroga'- tion, n. Act of, etc.— Abrogative, -tiv, a. Tend- ing to, etc. Abrupt, ab-rupt r , a. Broken ; steep ; sudden ; un- connected. — Abruptly, adv. — Abruption, n. A sudden breaking off ; violent separation of bodies. — Abruptness, n. Steepness ; suddenness ; great haste. Abscess, abuses, n. A collection of pus or purulent matter in an accidental cavity of the body. Abscind, ab-sind', v. t. To cut off. — Abscission, -sizh'un, n. A cutting off. {Rhet.) A figure of speech, by which the speaker stops abruptly, as sup- posing the matter sufficiently understood. Absciss, abSis, n.; pi. Abscisses, ab'sis-ez. Ab- scissa, -sisSa, n. ; pi. Lat. AbscisS/E, -sisSe, Eng. Abscis'sas, -saz. ( Geom.) One of the elements of reference by which a point, as of a curve, is referred to a system of fixed rectilineal coordinate axes. Abscond, ab-skond', v. i. To secrete one's self; to decamp; — used esp. of persons evading legal pro- cess. — Absconder, n. One who, etc. Absent, abSent, a. Withdrawn from, or not present in, a place; inattentive to what is passing. — Ab'- sence, n. A being absent; want; inattention to things present. — AbSently, adv. In an absent manner; with the thoughts elsewhere. —Absent'', v. t. To take or withdraw to such a distance as to prevent in- tercourse. — Absentee', n. One who absents himself from his country, office, post, duty, etc., esp. a land- holder who lives away from his estate. — Absentee'- ism, 11. State or habit of an absentee. — Absenfer, n. One who absents himself. Absinthe, abSinth, n. A cordial of brandy tinc- tured with wormwood. Absolute, abSo-lut, a. Freed from any limitation or condition; uncontrolled; arbitrary; unlimited; un- conditioned; finished; perfect: total; complete.— Absolutely, adv. In an absolute manner : posi- tively ; arbitrarily. — Absoluteness, n. Quality of being absolute ; completeness; arbitrary power. — Absolutism, n. Absolute government or its prin- ciples.— Absolutist, n. An advocate of absolutism. — AVsolutisfic, a. Belonging to absolutism. Absolve, ab-solv r , v. t. [absolved (-solvd'), -solv'- ing.] To set free or release from, as from obligation, debt, responsibility, penalty, etc. ; to exonerate, ac- quit. — Absolution, n. {Civ. Law.) An acquittal. {Rom. Cath. Church.) A remission of sin. — Absol- utory, n. Absolving. — AbsolvSr, n. One who, etc. — AbsolvSble, a. Capable of being, etc. — Absolv'- atory, a. That absolves. Absorb, ob-s6rb r , v. t. [absorbed (-sorbd'), -sobb- ing.] To drink in, suck up, imbibe as a sponge, am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; ?nd, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r : ABSTAIN ACCIDENT swallow up, or overwhelm ; to engross wholly. — Absorbable, a. Capable of being, etc.— Absortrent, a. Sucking up; imbibing. — n. A substance or a bodily organ which absorbs. — Absorp'tion, m. Act or process of being absorbed and made to disappear; engrossment or occupation of mind. — Absorp'tive, -tiv, a. Having power to absorb. — Absorptivity, n. Abstain, ab-stan', v. i. [abstained (-stand',), -stain- ing.] To forbear, or refrain, voluntarily ; esp. from indulgence of passions or appetites. — v. t. To hinder ; to withhold from. — Ab'stinence, n. The act or practice of abstaining. — Abstinent, a. Re- fraining from indulgence; temperate. Abstemious, ab-ste'ml-us, a. Sparing in the free use of food and strong drinks; temperate. — Abstemi- ously, adv. — Abste'miousness, n. Absterge, ab-sterj', v. t. [absterged (-sterjd'), -STEKGiNG.] To make clean by wiping; to cleanse by lotions, etc.— Abster'gent, a. Serving to cleanse; detergent.— Absterse', -sters', v. t. To cleanse by wiping. — Abater'sion, -shun, n. Act of, etc. — AbsterSive, -siv, a. Having the quality of cleans- ing. Abstract, ab-strakt', v. t. To draw from or separate ; to epitomize or reduce; to purloin. — Abstract, a. Distinct from something else; separate; withdrawn from the concrete, or from particulars ; difficult ; abstruse; refined, —n. A summary, or epitome; an abridgment. — Abstracted, p- «■ Separated: absent in mind. — Abstractedly, Abstractly, adv. By it- self; in a separate state. — AbstractSdness, n. State of being abstracted. — Abstraction, n. Act of ab- stracting or separating, or state of being separated; act of considering separately what is united in a complex object; an abstract or theoretical notion; a purloining. — Abstractive, a. Having the power of abstracting. — AbStractness, n. State of being abstract. Abstruse, ab-stroos', a. Hidden ; hard to be under- stood. — Abstrusely, adv. Not plainly; darkly.— Abstruse'ness n. Absurd, ab-sgrd', a. Obviously inconsistent with reason or common sense ; foolish ; preposterous ; ridiculous. — Absurdity, n. Anything absurd.— Absurd'ness, n. — Absurdly, adv. Abundance. See under Abound. Abuse, a-buz r , v. t. [abused (-buzd'), abusing.] To make ill use of; to misuse; to treat rudely; to maltreat; to revile. — Abuse, a-bus", n. Hi use; a corrupt practice or custom ; rude language ; re- proach: insult. — AbuSive, -siv, a. Employing or containing abuse: scurrilous; opprobrious ; misap- plied. — AbuSively, adv. — AbuSiveness, n. Abut, a-buf, v. i. To terminate or border; to be contiguous. — Abut'ment. n. That on which a thing abuts. (Arch.) The solid support of a bridge, etc., at n. The butting or boundary toml'ess pit.'— Abysmal, a-bizlnal, a. Bottomless the end. — Abut'tal of land. Abyss, a-bis', n. A bottomless ilf; hell, or the bot- lending. —Abyssal, -bisSl, a. Belonging to, or semblihg, an abyss. — AbysSic, a. (GeoL) Pert, to an abyss, esp. to strata which formed the bottom of a deep sea. Acacia, a-kaShY-a, n. (Bot.) A genus of leguminous trees and shrubs, usually with thorns and pinnate leaves. Acacio, a-kaSM-o, n. A heavy wood of the same family with the red mahogany. Academy, a-kacl'e-mT, n. A garden near Athens (named from Academus) where Plato taught; hence, Plato's school of philosophy ; a kind of higher school or seminary ; an institution for the promo- tion of art or science. — Academic, -ical, a. Of or relating to a higher institution of learning. —Aca- demic, n. A follower of Plato; a student in a col- lege, university, etc. — Academics, n. (Met.) The Platonic philosophy. — Academically, adv. — Ac'- ademi'cian, -mish'an, n. A member of an acad- emy, or learned society, esp., of the French Acad- emy. Acaleph, akS-lef, n. (Zobl.) A radiate marine animal; a jelly-fish; a sea-nettle; — so called from its sting- ing power. Acanthus, a-kanlhus, n. ; pi. Eng. Acanthuses, Lat. Acanthi. (Arch.) An ornament resembling the foliage or leaves o: the acanthus, as in Corinthian capitals. (Bot.) A genus of herbaceous prickly plants. — Acanthaceous, -thaShus, a. Armed with prickles, as a plant. — Acan ' thocar'pous, -kar'pus, a. (Bot.) Acanthus. Having the fruit covered with spines. — Acan'tho- cepb/alan, -sef'a-lan, n. (Zobl.) A species of intes- tinal worm, having its proboscis armed with spines. — Acanlhopod, n. (Zobl.) A *pecies of insect hav- ing spiny legs. — Acanthopodious, -po'dl-us, a. (Bot.) Having spinous petioles. — Acanthop'teryg''- ious, te-rij'T-us, a. Thorny-finned, - applied to an order of fishes. Acatalectic, a-kat-a-leklik, a. (Pros.) Not defective; — said of a verse which has the complete number of syllables. Acataleptic, a-kat-a-leplik, a. Incapable of being certainly comprehended. Acauline, a-kawlin, Acaulous, -lus, a. Having no stem, but flowers resting on the ground. Accede, ak-sed', v. i. To agree or assent; to become a party, by agreeing to terms of a treaty or conven- tion. — Access, ak-ses' or akSes, n. A coming to ; near approach ; admittance ; the way by which a thing may be approached; increase; addition. — Ac- cessory, -sary, a. Accompanying : connected as a subordinate. — n. Something connected as a sub- ordinate. (Law.) One who is implicated in a felo- nious offense, tiiough not present at its perpetration. [The spelling accessary is generally preferred in the law sense.]— Accessorial, -so'rT-al, a. Pert, to an accessory. — AccesSorily, adv. — AccesSoriness, n. — Accessible, a. Easy of access or approach. — Accessibility, n. — Accession, -sesh'un, n. Act of acceding and becoming joined; increase; that which is added. (Law.) A mode of acquiring property, by which the owner has a right to certain additions or improvements. Act of arriving at a throne, an office, or dignity. (Med.) The commencement of a disease. Accelerate, ak-sel'er-at, v. t. To quicken the motion or action of ; to hasten, expedite. — Acceleration, -aShun,?). A hastening. — AccelSrative, -tiv, Ac- celSratory, a. Quickening. — Accelerator, -ter, n. One who, or that which, etc. Accent, akSent, n. Superior force of voice upon one or more syllables of a word : a mark used in writing to indicate this stress; a peculiar modulation of the voice. (Mus.) A slight stress upon a tone to mark its position in the measure. (Math.) A mark upon a letter or number, to distinguish magnitudes of similar kind, but differing in value. — Accent, ak-senf, v. t. To express or note the accent of; to pronounce or mark with, etc. — Accentlsal, a. Re- lating to, etc. — Accenfuate, v. t. To mark or pro- nounce with, etc.; to bring prominently into notice; to make conspicuous. — Accentua lion, n. Act of placing accents in writing, or of giving accent to them. (Eccl.) Pitch and modulation of the voice in reading parts of the liturgy. Accept, ak-sepf, v. t. To receive with a consenting mind ; to admit and agree to. (Com.) To receive as obligatory, and promise to pay. — Accept' able, a. Worthy, or sure of being accepted ; pleasing to a receiver ; agreeable ; welcome. — Accept'ableness, -ability, n. — Acceptably, adv. — Acceptance, n. Favorable reception. (Com.) An assent and engagement to pay a bill of exchange when due; the bill itself when accepted. (Law.) An agreeing to the act or contract of another. — Accept'ant, n. One who accepts. — Acceptation, n. Meaning or sense. — AcceptSr, n. A person who accepts, esp. one who accepts a bill of exchange. Access. See under Accede. Accident, akSY-dent, n. An unexpected event; cas- ualty; contingency, pi. (Gram.) The properties and qualities of the parts of speech. (Log.) An unes- sential property or quality. — Accidentia!, a. Hap- sfin, cube, full ; moon, fo"ot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, ACCIPITER ACETIC pening by chance, or unexpectedly ; casual ; non- essential ; fortuitous ; contingent ; incidental. — n. A casualty. {Mm.) A sharp, flat, or natural, oc- curring not at the commencement of a piece of mu- sic as the signature, but before a particular note.— Accidentally, adv. — Ac'cidence, n. A book con- taining the rudiments of grammar. Accipiter, ak-sip'T-ter, n. A rapacious bird, as an eagle, hawk, etc.— Accipltrine, -trin, a. Pert._to, etc. Acclaim, ak-klam r , v. t. [acclaimed (-klamd'), -claiming.] To meet with applause ; to salute. — Acclaim'', Acclamation, -ma'slmn, n. A shout of assent or approbation. — Acclam'atory, a. Express- ing applause. Acclimate, ak-klilnat, Acclimatize, v. t. [acclima- tised (-tizd), -tizing.] To habituate to a climate not native. — AccU'matable, a. Capable of being- acclimated. — Acclima'tion, -cli'matiza'tion, n. Process of becoming, or state of being, etc. Acclivity, ak-kliv'I-tT, n. A slope, considered as ascending, — opp. to declivity; rising ground. — Ac- clivous, -kli'vus, a. Eising with a slope. Accommodate, ak-kom'mo-dat, v. t. To render fit, or correspondent; to adapt; to furnish with something needed; to reconcile. — Accom'modating, a. Afford- ing accommodation; helpful.— Accorn'moda'tioii, n. Act of fitting, or state of bein°; fitted; whatever sup- plies a want; adjustment of differences; reconcilia- tion. (Com.) A loan of money. — Accommodation note. One given by the maker to accommodate the re- ceiver, who is to provide for it when due. — -train. One which stops at minor or way stations, making less speed than express trains. Accompany, ak-kum'pa-ni, v. t. [accompanied (-kum'pa-nid), -nying.] To go with as companion - or associate. (Mus.) To perform the accompaniment. — Accompaniment, n. Something that accom- panies; an addition by way of ornament. (Mus.) A part performed byinstruments accompanying voices; also, the harmony of a figured bass. — Accompanist, n. (Mits.) The performer who takes the accompany- ing part. Accomplice, ak-kom'plis, n. A co-operator or asso- ciate. (Law.) An a-ssociate in a crime. Accomplish, ak-kom'plish, v. t. [accomplished (-plisht), -plishing.] To finish, complete, bring to pass, fulfill, realize. — Accomplished, -plisht, p. a. Complete and perfected; esp., complete in acquire- ments. — Accomplishment, n. Act of accomplish- ing ; acquirement ; attainment. Accompt, ak-kowntl See Account. Accord, ak-kdrd', n. Concurrence of opinion, will, or action; consent; harmony of sounds; concord; spontaneous motion. {Law.) An agreement be- tween parties in controversy, which bars a suit. — v. t. To make to correspond ; to harmonize ; to concede. — v. i. To be in accordance ; to agree. (Mus.) To agree in pitch and tone. — Accordance, n. Agreement. — Accord 'ant, a. Corresponding ; consonant ; agreeable. — Accordantly, adv. — Ac- cording, p. a. In harmony with ; suitable. — Ac- cordingly, adv. In accordance with. Accordion, ak-kor'dl-un, n. A small keyed wind instrument, with me- tallic reeds. Accost, ak-kosf, v. t. To address ; to speak first to. — Accost'able, a. Easy of access ; af- fable. Accouchement, ak-koosh- Accordion. moN A , n. Delivery in child-bed. — Accoucheur, ak- koo-sher', n. A man who assists women in child- birth ; a man-midwife. — Accoucheuse, -shez', n. A midwife. Account, ak-kownt', n. A reckoning; a statement of debts and credits; a statement of reasons, causes, grounds, etc.; a relation or description; importance; reason; consideration; sake. — v. t. To reckon or compute; to hold in opinion; to estimate. — v. i. To render a relation of particulars; to constitute a reason; to render reasons or answer for. — Accounf- able, «. Liable to be called to account and to suffer punishment i amenable ; responsible. — Account' - anil lty, -ableness, n. State of being, etc. — Ac- countant, n. One who keeps, or is skilled in, ac- counts. — Account current. A statement showing the Dr. and Cr. sides of a business transaction. Accouple, ak-kupl, v. t. To join together; to couple. Accouter, Accoutre, ak-koo'ter, v. t. [accouteked or -COUTRED (-koo'terd), -tering or -tring (-koo'- tring).] To furnish with dress, equipage, or equip- ments, esp. those of a soldier. — Accou'terments, -trements, n. pi. Dress ; equipage ; trappings ; esp. for military service. Accrementition, ak'kre-men-tish'un, n. (Physiol.) A process of generation in which an organic part sep- arates from the parent part, and becomes a distinct being. — Accrementitial, -tish'al, a. Accredit, ak-kredlt, v. t. To give trust or confidence to; to receive, as an envoy, and give him credit and rank; to send with credentials; to procure credit for. Accretion, ak-kre'shun, n. An increase, esp. the in- crease of organic bodies by the internal accession of parts; increase by accession externally; growing together of parts naturally separate. — Accrescence, -kres'ens, n. Gradual growth. — Accrescent, a. In- creasing. — Accre'tive, -tiv, a. Growing by accre- tion. Accrue, ak-kroo', r. i. [accrued (-krood'), -cruing.] To increase; to arise; to be added, as increase, profit, or damage. — Accru'ment, n. Accumulate, ak-ku'mu-lat, v. t. To heap up in a mass; to collect or bring together. — v. i. To grow to a "-reat size, number, or quantity; to increase greatly. — Accu'mu-la'tion, n. Act of accumula- ting; state of being accumulated; that which is ac- cumulated ; mass; heap. — Accumulative, -tiv, a. Causing accumulation ; cumulative. — Accumula- tor, -ter, n. One who, or that which, etc.; esp. pow- er, etc., in machinery. Accurate, ak'ku-rat, a. In careful conformity to truth, or to a standard, rule, or model; correct; pre- cise. — Accurately, adv. — Ac'curacy, -ra-sT, -rate- ness, -rat-nes, n. Precision resulting from care; cor- rectness. Accurse, ak-kers', v. t. [accursed (-kersf), accurs- ing.] To devote to destruction; to imprecate evil upon; to curse. —Accursed, p. p. a. (part. pron. ak-kerst', a. ak-kers'ed.) Doomed to destruction or misery; worthy of a curse; detestable; execrable. Accuse, ak-ku/.', v. t. [accused (-kiizd'), -cusing.] To charge with a crime, offense, or fault; to arraign; censure; imp-jach. —Accusation, -za'shun, n. Act of , etc. ; that of which one is, etc. — Accusative, a. Pro- ducing or containing, etc. (Gram.) Applied to the case of nouns, on which the action of a verb termi- nates or falls. — Accusatively, adv. — Accu'satory, a. Pert, to, or containing, etc. — Accus'er, n. Accustom, ak-kus'tum, v. t. Taccustomed C-kus'- tumd), -toming.] To make familiar by use ; to habituate or inure. — Accus'tomary, a. Usual; cus- tomary. — Accus'tomarily, adv. Ace, as, n. A single point on a card, die, etc.; the card or die so marked ; a very small degree ; a trifle. Aceldama, a-sel'da-ma, n. A field purchased with the bribe which Judas took ; hence called the field of blood. Acephalous, a-sef 'a-lus, a. Without a head ; headless. (Bot.) Having the style spring from the base, instead of the apex. (Pros.) Deficient at the beginning, as aline of poetrv. — Acepb/alan, n. (Zool.) A mol- lusk. Acerb, a-serb', a. Sour with bitterness. —Acerbity, -itude, n. Sourness of taste, with bitterness and astringency '; harshness of manners. Aceric, a-ser'ik, a. Pertaining to, or obtained from, the maple; as, aceric acid. Acescent, a-ses'ent, a. Turning sour; readily becom- ing tart or acid. — Aces'cencer-cency, n. Acetic, a-setlk or -selik, a. (Chem.) Composed of four parts each of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Acetic acid is the pure acid of vinegar. —Acetate, as'e-tat, Ac'etite, -tit, n. A salt formed by acetic acid united with abase. — Ace'tous, -tus, a. Sour; causing acetification. — Acetify, v. t. or i. [aceti- fied (-fid),-FYiNG.] To turn into acid or vinegar. — Acefifica'tion, n. — Acetim'eter, n. Aninstrument for ascertaining the strength of vinegar, etc. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r ; ACHE 5 ACULEATE Ache, ak, v. i. [ached (akt), aching.] To have, or he in, continued pain; to be distressed, -j-n. Continued pain r opp. to sudden twinges or spasmodic pain. Achieve, a-chev', v. t. [achieved (-chevd'), achiev- ing.] To carry on to a final close ; to complete, ac- complish, realize. — Achievable, a. — Achiev'ance, n. — Achieve'ment, n. Act of achieving; accom- plishment; a great or heroic deed; feat. (Her.) An escutcheon or ensign armorial. — Achiev'er, n. Achromatic, ak-ro-matlk, a. {Opt.) Free from color; not showing color, from the decomposition of light. — Achro'matism, n. State of being achromatic. — Achro'inatizalion, n. Act of rendering, etc. ; dep- rivation of color. — Achrc-'matopsy, n. Inability to distinguish colors; color-blindness; Daltonism. Acicular, a-sikli-ler, a. Slender, like a needle; needle- shaped, -r- Acic'ularly, adv. — Acic'ulate, -ulated, a. Acicular. Acid, as'id, n. A sour substance. (C/iem.) A sub- stance having the properties of combining with alkalies and alkaline oxides, and of reddening most blue vegetable colors, and usually with a strong, sharp taste. — a. Sour, sharp, or biting to the taste ; tart. — Acidity, Acldness, n. Quality of being, etc. — Acidify, v. t. [acidified (fid), -fy ing.] To make acid; esp. to convert into an acid, by chemical combination. — Acidlfi'able, a. — Acid'- iftca'tion, n. — AcidiF ic, a. Producing acidity.— Acidlft'er, n. (Chem.) A principle necessary to produce acidity. — Acidim'eter, n. An instrument for ascertaining the strength of acids. — Acid'ulous, a. Slightly sour ; sub-acid ; sourish.— Acid'ulate, v.t. To make slightly acid. — Acid'ulent, a. Some- what acid; sour; cross. Acierage, a'ser-ej, n. A process of coating a metal plate with iron by means of voltaic electricity; steel- ing. — A 'cerate, v. t. To convert into steel. Aciniform, a-sin'I-form, a. Formed like a cluster of grapes or a grape-stone; full of small kernels. Acknowledge ; ak-nol'ej, v. t. [acknowledged (-ejd), -edging.] To own, avow, admit; to recognize; to own with gratitude; to own, etc., in a legal form; to concede, confess, allow. — Acknowledgment, n. Act of, etc.; something given or done in return for a favor; a declaration of one's own act, to give it legal validity. Aclinic, a-klinlk, a. Without inclination;— said of the magnetic equator, on which the magnetic needle is horizontal. Acme, ak'me, n. The highest point; crisis. Acolyte, ak'o-llt, -lyth, -hth, n. A companion ; asso- ciate. (Astron.) An attendant star. {Eccl. Hist.) An inferior church servant. Aconite, ak'o-mt, n. Wolf's-bane, a poison. Acorn, a'kern, n. The seed or fruit of an oak. Acotyledon, a^kot'T-le'don, n. A plant having no seed- lobes, or cotyledons. — Acotyledonous, -led'o-nus, a. Having either no seed-lobes or such as are indistinct. Acoustic, a-kow'stik or -koo'stik, a. Pert, to hear- ing, or to the doctrine of sounds. — Acou'stics, re. The science of sounds. — Acou'stically, adv. — Acoustician, -tish/an, n. One versed in, etc. Acquaint, ak-kwant 1 ', v. t. To make familiar; to com- municate notice to ; to apprise ; to inform. — Ac- quaintance, n. State of being acquainted; familiar knowledge; a person or persons well known. — Ac- quaintanceship, n. Familiarity ; fellowship ; in- timacy. Acquiesce, ak-wT-es'", v. i. [acquiesced (-wT-est / '), -escing (-eslng).] To rest satisfied; to concur, as- sent, comply. — Acquiescent, a. — Acquiescence, -cency, n. Silent assent. Acquire, ak-kwir', v. I. [acquired (-kwird'), -quir- ing.] ' To gain, usually by one's own labor or exer- tions; to attain, earn ; win. — Acquir'able, a. — Ac- quirement, Acquisition, -zish'un, n. Act of acquir- ing; thing acquired ; attainment; gain. — Acquisi- tive, -kwiz'T-tiv, a. Disposed to make acquisitions. — Acquisitively, adv. — Acquisitiveness, n. State of being acquisitive. (Phren.) The organ supposed to give rise to this desire. [See Phrenology.] Acquit, ak-kwit', v. t. To set free; to release, esp. from an obligation, accusation, suspicion, etc.; to clear, absolve ; (refleriveh/) to bear or conduct one's self. —Acquitment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. I — Acquiftal, n. {Law.) Deliverance from a charge, by a jury or court. — Acquit lance, n. Acquitment; a writing which is evidence of a discharge; a receipt j in full. I Acre, a'ker, re. A piece of land containing 160 square rods, or 43,560 square feet. — Acreage, a'ker-ej, n. A sum total of acres. —Acred, a'kerd, a. Possessing I acres; landed. Acrid, ak'rid, a. Of a biting taste ; sharp ; harsh. — Aclidness, Acridity, ?i. A sharp quality ; pun- gency. — Ac'rimony, Aclitude, n. Quality of cor- roding or dissolving; sharpness; severity ; asperity, tartness. — Acrimo'nious, a. — Acrimo'niously, adv. Acritochromacy, ak'rT-to-krolna-sT, n. Inability to distinguish between colors ; color-blindness ; Dal- tonism. Acroamatic, ak'ro-a-matlk, Acroatlc, a. Meant only to be heard; oral; abstruse. Acrobat, aklo-bat, n. One who practices high vault- ing, rope-dancing, etc. — Acrobatic, a. Acrogen, aklo-jen, n. A kind of cryptogamous plant, which increases by growth at the extremity, —such as ferns, etc. — Acrogenous, a-kroj'e-nus, a. Acronycal, a-kronlk-al, a. {Astron.) Rising at sun- set and setting at sunrise, as a star, — opp. to cos- mical. Acropolis, a-krop'o-lis, n. The higher part of a Gre- cian city; the citadel or castle; esp. the citadel of Athens. Across, a-kros'', prep. From side to side of; quite over; in a direction opposed to the length of. —adv. From side to side; crosswise, [a, on, and cross.) Acrostic, a-kroslik, re. A composition, usually in verse, in which the first or the last letter of every line, or of every word, read collectively, form a name or tenteiice. — a. Of or pert, to, etc. — Acros'- tically, adv. Acrotism, aklo-tizm, re. {Med.) A defect of pulsa- tion. Act, v. i. To exert power: to be in action or motion ; to behave or conduct; to demean one's self. — v. t. To perform, esp. on the stage ; to feign ; to assume the office or character of. — re. That which is done or doing; deed; a decree, edict, law, judgment, etc.; any instrument in writing to verify facts ; one of the principal divisions of a play ; a state of reality, or real existence, as opposed to a possible existence; a state of preparation. — Act 'ing, p. a. Discharging the duties of another, — re. The performance of an assumed part. — Action, ak'shun, re. Exertion of power, or the effect of power exerted; motion pro- duced; agency ; thing done ; a deed ; conduct ; de- meanor; series of events forming the subject of a play, poem, etc. (Oar.) Gesticulation. {Law.) A suit or process. {Com.) A share in the stock of a company. {Paint. Sf Sculp.) The position of the sev- eral parts of the body. {Mil.) An engagement be- tween troops. — Aclionable, a. {Law.) Liable to a suit. — Aclionably, adv. — Ac'tionary, -tionist, re. {Com.) A stock holder in a company.— Active, -iv, a. Having the power or quality of acting; engaged inaction; energetic; busy; practical. {Gram.) Ex- pressing action or transition of action from an agent to an object. — Actively, adv. — Actlveness, Ac- tivity, n. — Actor, akfer, n. One who acts; esp. on the stage. — Actless, n. A female actor. — Acfual, a. Existing in act; real; carried out, — opp. to poten- tial, virtual, theoretical, etc.; existing at present.— Act'ually, adv. — Actuality, Act'ualness, re. — Acfualist, n. One who considers actually existing facts or conditions, — opp. to idealist. — Actualize, v. t. To make actual. — Act'ualiza'tion, re. — Acf- uary, n. A registrar; a manager of a joint-stock com- pany, esp. of an insurance company. — Act'uate, v. t. To put into action ; incite to action. — Actua- tion, n. Actinlform, a. Having a radiated form. Actinism, aklin-izm, n. A property in the solar rays which produces chemical changes, as in photog- raphy. — Actinic, a. Of or pert, to, etc. — Actin'o- graph, -graf, n. An instrument for recording varia- tions in the actinic force of sunlight. — Actinom''- eter, n. An instrument for measuring the intensity of actinic rays. Aculeate, a-kule-at, a. (Bot.) Having sharp points ; sun, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. ACUMEN 6 ADMIT pointed; — used of prickles fixed in the bark, opp. to thorns growing from the wood. Acumen, i-ku'men, n. Quickness of perception Aculeate Stem, or discernment ; penetration of mind ; acuteness ; perspicuity. — Acu'minate, v. t. To render sharp or keen. — v.i. To end in a sharp point. — a. Having a long, tapering point. — Acu'minous, a. Acumi- nate. — Acu'mina'tion, n. A sharpening ; termina- tion in, etc. Acupression, ak'u-presh'un, Acupres'sure, -presh'er, n. (Surg.) The arresting of hemorrhage from an artery, etc., by passinganeedle through the wounded vessel. —Acupuncture, -pun k'chur, n. (Med.) The introduction of needles into the living tissues for remedial purposes. Acute, a-kuf, a. Sharp at the end ; pointed ; having nice discernment: shrewd; having quick sensibility; high or shrill. (Med.) Having symptoms of sever- ity, and coming speedily to a crisis, — opp. to chronic. — Acute'ly, adv. — Acute'ness, n. Adage, ad'ej, n. A saying which has obtained credit by long use; maxim: proverb; aphorism. [F.j Adagio, a-da'jo, a. (3/us.) Slow ; moving leisurely and gracefully. — re. A piece of slow music. [It. J Adamant, ad'a-mant, n. A stone imagined to be of impenetrable hardness ; — hence a diamond or other very hard substance. Adam's-apple, ad'amz-ap'pl, n. A species of citron, also of fianana; the projection formed by the thy- roid cartilage in the neck. Adapt, a-dapf. v. t. To make fit or suitable ; to suit; adjust; attune. — Adaptable, a. Capable of being adapted. — Adaptation, n. Act of, or state of be- ing, etc. — Adapt'er, n. One who adapts. iChem.) A receiver with two necks ; an adopter. Add, ad, v. t. To join or unite, as one sum to another; to subjoin, annex.— Ad'dible, -dable, a.— Ad'ditive, -tiv, a. Addible. — Ad'der, n. One who or that which adds ; an adding machine, abacus. — Addi- tion, -dish'un, n. Act of adding: thing added: in- crease; augmentation. (Math.) The branch of arith- metic which treats of adding numbers. (Mits.) A dot beside a note showing that its sound is to be lengthened one half. (Law.) A title annexed to a man's name. — Additional, a. Added ; more. — Additionally, adv. — Adden'dum, n.;pl. Adden"'- da, -da. A thing to be added; an appendix. Adder, ad'der, n. A venomous serpent. Addict, ad-dikf, v. t. To apply habitually; to ac- custom; to devote. Addle, ad'dl, a. Putrid; corrupt; producing nothing; barren, —v. t. To make addle, corrupt, or morbid. Address, ad-dres', r. t. [addressed (-drest r ), -dress- ing.] To prepare or make ready: to direct words or discourse to; to apply to by speech, petition, etc.; to direct in writing, as a letter; to woo. (Com.) To consign to another, as agent-or factor. — n. A formal application, speech, discourse, etc. ; manner of speak- ing; skill; dexterity; tact; direction of a letter, or the name, title, and residence of the person ad- dressed. In plu., attention in the way of courtship. Adduce, ad-dus', v. t. [adduced (-dust'), -ddcing.] To bring forward, quote. — Addu'cgnt, Adduc'tive, a. Bringing forward or together. — Adduc'tion, n. Act of, etc. Adept, a-depf, a. Well-skilled; completely versed; proficient. — n. One who is adept in any art. Adequate, ad'e-kwat, a. Equal, proportionate, or cor- respondent; fully sufficient: requisite. Adhere, iid-her', v. i. [adhered (-herd'). -hering.] To stick fast or cleave; to become united; to be at- tached, abide by. — Adher'ence, n. Quality or state of adhering ; steady attachment. — Adher'ent, a. United with or to ; sticking. — n. One who cleaves to or supports some person or cause; partisan: fol- lower. — Adher'ently, adv.— Adhesion, -he'zhun, n. Act or state of sticking: the force with which distinct bodies adhere when their surfaces are brought in contact. — Adhesive, -he'siv, a. Sticky; tenacious, as glutinous substances. Adieu, a-du', wlr. Goort-by; farewell. Adipose, ad'Y-pSs, Ad'ipous, -pus, a. Pert, to, or consisting of , animal fat; fatty. — Ad'ipocere, -ser, n. A soft, unctuous, waxy substance, into which animal flesh is changed by immersion in water or spirit, or by burial in moist places. Adit, adit, n. A horizontal or inclined entrance into amine; adrift: passage; approach. Adjacent, ad-ja'sent, a. Lying near to; contiguous, not touching. — Adja'cency, n. State of being, etc. Adjective, ad'jek-tiv, n. (Gram.) A word used with a substantive, to describe, limit, or define it. or to denote some property of it. — Ad'jectively, adv — Adjectival, -ti'val or ad'jek-tiv-al, a. Pert, to, etc. Adjoin, ad-join', v. t. [adjoined (-joindO, -joining.] 'lo join or unite to. — v. i. To be contiguous, in con- tact, or very near. — Adjunct, ad'junkt, n. An ap- pendage; a colleague.— a. Added; united. — Ad- junct'ly, adv. — Adjunc'tion, n. Act of joining; thing joined. — Adjunctive, -tiv, a. Joining ; tend ing to join. — n. One who, or that which, etc. — Ad- junc'tively, adv. Adjourn, ad-jern', v.t. [adjourned (-jernd'),-JOURN- ing.J To put off to another time; to postpone; de- fer; prorogue. — v. i. To suspend business for a time ; to close the session of a public body. — Ad- journ'ment, n. Act of adjourning; postponement; the interval during which business is suspended Adjudge, ad-juj', v. t. [adjudged (-jujd r ), -judging.] To award or decree^ to sentence. — Adjudgement, n. — Adjudicate, ad-joo'di-kat, v. t. To try and de- termine; to adjudge. — Adju'dica'tion, n. Act of ad- judicating; sentence; judgment; decision. Adjunct. See under Adjoin. Adjure, ad-joor', v. t. [adjured (-joord'), -juring.] lo charge, command, or entreat solemnly, as if under oath. — Adjura'tion, n. Act of adjuring; the form of oath. — Adjur'er, n. One who. etc. Adjust, ad-just', v. t. To make exact or conforma- ble ; to fit, set right. —Adjustable, a. —Adjust- ment, n. Act of, etc.; arrangement: settlement. Adjutant, ad'jrio-tant, n. A military officer who as- sists the commanding officer in issuing orders, keeping records, etc. ; a large species of stork, found in India. — Ad'jutancy, n . Office of_a n adjutant. — Adjutor, -joo / '- ter, n. A helper. — Ad-ju'trix, n. A female helper. — Ad'- juvant, a. H e 1 p i n g. — n. An assistant. (Med.) A rem- edy. Admeasure, ad-mezh'ur, v. t. [admeasured (-mezh'urd). -measuring.] To take' the dimensions of: to apportion. Administer, ad-min'is-ter, v. t. [administered (-terd), -ter- ing.] To manage ; to dis- pense; to give or tender. (Law.) To settle, as an estate. Adjutant. — v. i. To contribute ; to bring aid. To perform the office of administrator. — Adminlste'rial, a. Pert, to admistration. — Admin'istrable, a. Capable of being, etc. — Admin'istra'tion, n. The act of ad- ministering; the executive part of the government; distribution; the persons collectively intrusted with executing laws and superintending public affairs. (Law.) Management of the estate of one deceased. — Administrative, -tiv, a. Administering. — Ad- min'istra'tor, n. — Admin'istra'torship, n. Office of, etc. — Admin'is-tra'trix, n. A woman who ad- ministers. Admiral. ad'mi-ral, n. A naval officer of the highest rank; the ship which carries him.— Ad'miralship, n. Office of, etc. — Ad'miralty, n. The body of officers who manage naval affairs. Admire, ad-mlr r , v. t. [admired (-mird'), -miring.] To regard with wonder or surprise, mingled with approbation, reverence, or affection; to estimate or prize highly, -^v. i. To wonder; to marvel. — Ad- mir'er, ». One who admires; a lover. — Ad'mirable, -mT-ra-bl, a. Worthy of admiration; rare; excellent. — Ad'mirably, adv. — Ad'mira'tion, n. Wonder ; esn. wonder mingled with esteem, love, etc. Admit, ad-mit', v. t. To grant entrance to; to receive am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, ice ; 5dd, tone, or ; ADMIX AERATE as true; to concede; to be capable of .— Admit 'tedly, adv. Confessedly. — Admittance, n. Act of ad- mitting. (Law.) The giving possession of property. — Admis'sible, -sT-bl, a. Worthy of being admitted. — Admis'sibii'ity, n. Quality of, etc. — Admis'sive, -siv, a. Conceding. —Admission, -misb/un,- «. Act of admitting; permission to enter; access; the grant- ing of a position not fully proved. Admiz, ad-miks', v. t. To mingle with something else. — Admix'ture, -chur, n. A mixing ; what is mixed. Admoni3h, ad-mon'ish, v. t. ["admonished (-isht), -isiiing.] To reprove gently; to counsel against wrong ; to instruct, advise. — Admon'isher, Ad- moartion, -nisb/un, n. Gentle reproof; advice.— Admon'itive, -l-tiv, -itory, a. Containing admoni- tion. Adnascent, ad-nas'ent, a. Growing to or on some- thing else. Ado, a-doo', n. Bustle; trouble; labor; difficulty. Adobe, a-do'ba, n. An unburnt, sun-dried brick. [Sp.] Adolescent, ad-o-les'ent, a. Growing; advancing from childhood to maturity. — Adolescence, -ens, n. Youth ; the years from 14 to 25 in men, and 12 to 21 in women. Adopt, a-dopf, v. t. To select and take as one's own when not so before.— Adopt'er, n. One who adopts. (Chem.) A receiver with two necks. — Adoption, n. Act of, cr state of being, etc.; receiving as one's own what is not natural. (Theol.) Man s acceptance, through God's grace, on justifuation by faith. Adore, a-dor', v. t. [adored (a-dord'), adoring.] To worship with profound reverence; to love intensely. — Ador'er, n. A worshiper; a lover. — Ador'able, a. — Adora'tion, n. Worship paid to a divine being; homage to one in high esteem. Adorn, a-dQrn', v. t. [adorned (a-d6rndO, adorning.] To render beautiful; to decorate, embellish, set-off, ornament. — Adorn'ment, n. Ornament; embellish- ment. Adrift, a-driff, a. or adv. Floating at random. Adroit, a-droit', a. Possessing or exercising skill or dexterity; ready in invention or execution; expert; clever. — Adroit 1y, adv. — Adroit'ness, n. Adulation, ad-u-la'shun, n. Servile flattery; syco- phancy. — Ad'ula'tor, -ter, n. A servile flatterer. — Ad'ulatory, a. Adult, a-dult', a. Having arrived at mature years, or to full size and strength. — n. A person or thing grown to maturity. Adulterate, a-duKter-at, v. t. To debase or make im- pure by admixture of baser materials; to contam- inate; to corrupt, —a. Tainted with adultery; de- based. — Adul'tera'tion, n. Act of, or state of be- ing, etc. — Adul'terant, n . One who, or that which, etc.— Adul'tery, n. Violation of the marriage-bed. (Script.) Violation of one's religious covenant. — Adul'terer, n. A man guilty of adultery. —AduK- teress, n. A woman, etc. — Adul'terine, -Tn or -In, a. Proceeding from adultery. — n. A child born in, etc. — Adul'terous, a. Pert, to, or guilty of, etc. Advance, ad-vans', v. t. [advanced (-vanst'), -van- Cing.] To bring forward ; to raise in rank ; to ac- celerate the growth or progress of ; to help on ; to offer or propose; to suppl3 r beforehand; to pay for others, in expectation of re-imbursement. — v. i. To move forward; to improve; to rise in rank, etc. — n. Act of advancing; approach; improvement. (Com.) Additional price or profit; a tender; an offer; a fur- nishing of something before an equivalent is re- ceived; money or goods thus furnished. — a. Be- fore in place or time ; — used for advanced, as, an advance-guard. — Advanced, -vanst', p. p. Pro- gressive; imbued with novel ideas. — Advance'ment, n. Act or state of, etc.; improvement; promotion; payment in advance. — Advan'cer, n. A promoter. Advantage, ad-van'tej, n. Any state, condition, etc., favorable to some desired end; superiority of state, or that which gives it; benefit; profit. — v. t. [ad- vantaged (-tajd), -taging.] To benefit, to pro- mote. — Advantageous, -ta'jus, a. Being of, or furnishing, etc.; profitable: beneficial. — Advanta'- feously, adv. — Advanta'geousness, n. vent, ad'vent, n. A coming; approach; esp. the coming of Christ : a season of devotion including four Sundays before Christmas. — Adventitious, -tish'us, a. Added extrinsically; casual. (Bot.) Outy of the usual place. — Adventi'tiously, adv. — Ad- ven'tive, -tiv, a. Accidental; adventitious. — Ad- ven'tual, -chu-al , a. Pert, to the season of Advent. Adventure, ad-Ven'chur, n. Hazard ; risk ; chance ; an enterprise of hazard; a remarkable occurrence; a thing sent to sea at the sender's risk. — v. t. [ad- ventured (-churd), -Turing.] To put at hazard; to - risk; to run the' risk of attempting. — ?•. i. To try the chance ; to dare.— Adven'turer, n. One who, etc. — Adven'turesome, -sum, a. Incurring hazard; bold. — Adven'turous, a. Inclined to adventure; daring; attended with risk. — Adven'turously, adv. — Ad- ven'turousness, n. Adverb, ad' verb, n. {Gram.) A word modifying the sense of a verb, participle, adjective, or other adverb. — Adver'bial, a. Relating to or like, etc. — Adver'- bially, adv. — Adver'bialize, v. t. To give the force or form of, etc. Adverse, ad'vers, a. Acting in a contrary direction ; conflicting; unfortunate. —Ad' verseness, n.— Ad- ver'sity, n. An event or series of events attended with misfortune ; affliction; distress. — Ad' versary, n. One who is opposed; antagonist; foe. — a. Ad- verse ; antagonistic. — Adver'sative, -tiv, a. Not- ing opposition or antithesis between connected prop- ositions; — applied to the conjunctions but, however, yet, etc. — n. An adversative word. Advert, ad-vert', v. i. To turn the mind or attention; to regard, observe. — Adver'tence, n. Attention; consideration. — Adver'tent, a. Attentive; heedful. Advertise, ad-ver-tiz', v. t. or i. [advertised (-tizd'), -tising.] To inform ; to make known through the press. —Advertisement, -ver'tiz-ment, or -ver-tlz'ment, n. Information ; public notice through the press. — Advertiser, _-tiz'er, n. Advise, ad-viz', v. t. [advised (-vizd'), -vising.] To counsel; to give information to; to apprise; to ac- quaint, consult. — v. i. To deliberate ; to weigh or consider. — Advis'able, a. Fit to be advised; ex- pedient. — Advis'ably, adv. — Advis'ableness, n. Fitness ; propriety. — Advis'edly, adv. With full knowledge; purposely. — Advis'edness, n. Deliber- ate consideration. — Advise'ment, n. Counsel; con- sultation; consideration. — Advis^er, n. One who, etc.; a counselor. — Advi'sory, a. Having power to advise; containing advice. — Advice, ad-vis', n. An opinion offered, as worthy to be followed; sug- gestion; information as to the "state of affairs ; coun- sel; intelligence. Advocate, ad'vo-kat, n. One who pleads a cause; esp. one who pleads the cause of another before a tri- bunal. — v. t. To plead in favor of; to maintain by argument; to defend, support, vindicate. — Ad'vo- cacy, -ka-sT, Advoca'tion, n. Act of, etc.; interces- sion. Advowson, ad-vow'zun, n. (Eng. Law.) The right of presenting or nominating to a vacant benefice. — Advowee, -vow-e', or Advow'er, n. One who presents, etc. Adz, Adze, adz, n. A carpenter's tool for chipping. jiudile, Edile, e'dil, n. An officer in ancient Rome who cared for public buildings, streets, public spectacles, etc. iEgis, e'jis, n. A shield, esp. Mi- nerva's shield ; anything that pro- tects. ■Siolian, e-o'lT-an, a. Pert, to iEolia or iEolis, in Asia Minor ; pert, to iEolus, god of the winds; pert, to, or produced by, the wind. — -Siolian attachment. A contrivance for con* verting a pianoforte into a wind in- strument. — ^olian harp. A box on which are stretched strings, on ^ z which the wind produces musical notes. — ^olic, e-ol'ik, a. Pert, to ^Eolia. ^on, Eon, e'on, n. A great, indefinite, or infinite, space of time. Aerate, a'er-at, v. t. To impregnate or combine with carbonic acid gas: to supply with common air or with oxygen. — Aera'tion, n. Act or process of, etc.; exposure of soil to the action of the air. — Aerial, a-e'rT-al, a. Pert, to the air, or atmosphere; consist- sun, cube, full ; moon, f<56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. AERIE AGARIC j ing of, inhabiting or frequenting, or existing in, the air ; high ; lofty. — A'eriform, a. Having the form of air, as gas. — A'erify, -f 1, v. t. To change into an aeriform state.— A'erolite, n. A stone falling from, etc.; meteoric stone. — A'erom'eter, n. An instrument for measuring the weight or density of gases. — A/erom'etry, n. Art or science of ascertain- ing the mean bulk of gases. — A'eronaut', -nawt, n. An aerial navigator : balloonist. — A'eronaut'ic, a. Pert, to, etc. — A'eronaut'ics, n. Science or art of sailing in a balloon. — A'erophyte', -fit, n. A plant deriving support from air. Aerie, e'rT or a'ri, n. The nest of an eagle or other bird of prey. JEruginous, e-roo'jl-nus, a. Pert, to, or partaking of, copper-rust. Esthetic, Esthetic, es-thet'ik, a. Pert, to aesthetics. — iEsthet'ics, n. sing. The theory or philosophy of taste ; science of the beautiful in nature and art. Afar, a-far', adv. At a great distance; remote. Affable, af'fa-bl, a. Ready to converse ; easy of ac- cess ; courteous ; complaisant ; condescending. — Affably, adv. — Affabil'ity, n. Quality of being, etc.; urbanity; civility. Affair, af-far', n. Business of any kind ; esp. public business. {Mil.) An engagement of troops. Affect, af-fekt', v. t. To act upon ; to produce a change in ; to influence, imitate, put on a pretense of. — Affecta'tion, n. Assumption of what is not natural; false pretense. — Affect'ed, p. a. Assum- ing or pretending to possess, etc. ; assumed artifi- cially. (Alg.) Compounded ; containing different powers of the unknown quantity (written also Ad- fected). — Affect'edly, adv. In an affected manner. — Affect'edness, n. — Affect 'er, n. — Affect'ing, p. a. Having power to move the passions; pathetic. — Affect'ingly, adv. — Affec'tion, n. An attribute, quality, or property, inseparable from its subject; inclination of the mind toward a particular object; love; attachment. (Med.) Disease. — Affec'tionate, a. Having or proceeding from, etc. ; tender; fond ; warm-hearted. — Affec'tionately, adv. — Affec'- tioned. -shund, a. Inclined; disposed; affected.— Affect'ive, -iv, a. Affecting, or exciting emotion. Affettuoso, af-fet-too-o'zo. (Mus.) A direction to ren- der notes soft or affecting. — adv. Tenderly. [It.] Affiance, af-fi'ans, n. Plighted faith; marriage con- tract; trust; confidence, —v. t. [affianced (-anst), -ancing.] To betroth ; to pledge fidelity in mar- riage, promise marriage to, give confidence to, trust. — Affi'ancer, n. One who makes a marriage contract between parties. — Affiant, n. {Law.) One who makes affidavit. —Affida'vit, «. (Law.) A declara- tion, signed and made upon oath. Affiliate, af-fil'Y-at, v. t. To adopt as a son, receive into fellowship ; to ally : to receive into a society as a member. (Law.) To assign an illegitimate child to the father. — AffiFia'tioh, n. Adoption ; as- sociation in the same family or society; assignment of an illegitimate child to the father. Affinage, af'fin-ej, n. A refining of metals. [F.] Affinity, af-fin'i-tT, ?i. Relationship by marriage; close agreement; conformity; connection. (Chem.) That attraction which takes place, at an insensible distance, between particles, and forms compounds. Affirm, af-ferm', v. t. [affirmed (-fermd'), -firm- ing.] To confirm, establish, or ratify; to assert pos- tively, aver. — v. i. To declare positively. (Law.) To promise, before a magistrate or tribunal, to tell the truth, under pain of perjury. — Affirma'tion, n. Act of, etc.; that which is "asserted; ratifica- tion. (Law.) Declaration by one -conscientiously unable to make oath.— Affirm' ative, -tiv, a. Affirm- ing, — opp. to negative; confirmative; ratifying. — n. A word expressing assent; an affirmative" propo- sition; that side of a question which affirms or maintains, — opp. to negative. — Affirm'atively, adv. — Affirm'er, n. Affix, af-fiks', v. t. [affixed (-fixf), -fixing.] To add at the end; to attach or connect; to fix or fasten in any manner; to annex. —Affix, af'fiks, n. A syl- lable or letter joined to the end of a word; a suffix. — Affixion, -fik'shun, n. Act of affixing; addition. — Affixture, -fiks'chur, n. That which is, etc. Afflatus, af-fla'tus, n. A breath or blast of wind; communication of divine knowledge; the inspira- tion of a poet. — Affla'tion, n. A breathing on. Afflict, af-flikt', v. t. To strike down; to overthrow; to give continued pain ; to cause to suffer dejection ; to trouble, harass. — Afflict'er, n. — Afflict 'ing, a. Causing pain ; grievous ; distressing.— Affliction, -flik'shun, n. Cause of continued pain, state of being afflicted; sorrow; adversity. — Afflict 'ive, -iv, a. Giving or causing, etc. — Afflict'ively, adv. Affluent, af'floo-ent, a. Wealthy; plentiful, — n. A stream flowing into a river or lake.— Affluence, -ens, -ency, n. Abundance, esp. of riches; opulence. — Af- fluently, adv. — Afflux, affluks, Affluxion, -fluk'- shun, n. Act of flowing to; that which flows to. Afford, af-ford', v. t. To yield or produce; to give, grant, sell, or expend, with profit or without loss; to impart ; confer. Affray, af-fra', n. (Law.) Fighting in a public ' place,' causing fear; a tumultuous assault; quarrel; | brawl. Affreight, af-frat', v. t. To hire, as a ship, to trans- port goods or freight. — Aflr6ight'ment, n. The en- ; gagement or chartering, etc. \ Affright, af-frit', v. t. To impress with sudden fear; i to appall, shock, alarm. — n. Sudden and great fear; I terror. — Affright'edly, adv. I Affront, af-frunf, n. Any reproachful or contemptu- ous action; offense. — v. t. To offend by manifest- ing disrespect; to insult, provoke, outrage. — Af- front'er, n. — Affronfive, -iv, a. Abusive, insult- ing.— Affront 'ingly, adv. Afield, a-fekf, adv. To, in, or on the field; out of the way. Afire, a-fTr', a. or adv. On fire. Aflame, a-flanf, adv. In flames; glowing with light. Afloat, a-flof, adv. In a floating state; passing from place to place; unfixed; without guide or control. Afoot, a-fo^f, adv. On foot; in action; in a condition for action. Afore, a-for', adv. or prep. Before. — Afore'going, a. Going before; foregoing; previous. hand, adv. Beforehand; before. men'tioned, -shund, adv. Spoken of or named before. — thought, -thawt, a. Premeditated. time, adv. In time past ; of old. Afoul, a-fowl r , a. or adv. Not free; entangled. Afraid, a-frad', a. Struck with fear or apprehen- sion; timid. Afresh, a-fresh', adv. Anew; over again. Afrit, af-rit', Afrite, -ret', Afreet' , n. (Moham. Myth.) A powerful evil jinnee or demon. Afront, a-frunt', adv. In front. Aft, aft, adv. or a. (Naut.) Astern, or toward the stern ; abaft. — Fore and aft. From one end of the vessel tothe other. After, aft'er, prep. Behind in place; later in time; moving toward from behind; in pursuit of; in im- itation of; according to the influence of; in relation to. — adv. Subsequently. — a. Later; subsequent. (Naut.) More aft.— Aft'ermost, -most, a. Hindmost. — Aft'erward, -wards, -wurdz, adv. In later or suc- ceeding time ; subsequently. — Affer-birth, -berth, n. The placenta, cord, and membranes inclosing the fetus, which come away after delivery. ■ — clap, n. An unexpected subsequent event. crop, n. A second crop. — damp, n. Choke-damp; carbonic acid gas following the explosion of fire-damp in mines. — glow, n. A kind of second twilight, some- times following sunset. math, m. A second crop of grass in the same year; rowen. — noon', n. Time from noon to evening. pains, n. pi. Pains after delivery, caused by the after-birth, or by clots. — -piece, n. Apiece performed after a play. sails, n. pi. (Naut.) The sails on the mizzen mast and its stays. state, n. The future life. thought, -thawt, n. Something thought of after an act; later thought or expedient. Aga, a'ga, n. A Turkish commander or chief officer. Again, a-gen', adv. Another time; once more; in re- turn ; back . — Again and again. Often ; repeatedly. —Against, a-genst', prep. Abreast of; opposite to; in opposition to ; in preparation for. Agape, a-gap', adv. Gaping, as with wonder. Agaric, ag'a-rik, n. (Bot.) A family of fungi, includ- ing mushrooms ; an excrescence growing on the trunk of trees, used for tinder, in dyeing, and in medicine; am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, term ; fn, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r ; AGATE AID vanced in age ; old ; ancient -7i.pl. Old persons. Agedly, a'jed-ll, adv. Like touchwood. — Agaric mineral. A deposit of carbon- ate of lime. Agate, ag'et, n. A precious stone, variety of- quartz. (Print.) A kind of type, larger than pearl and small- er than nonpareil;— m England called ruby. SglP" This line is printed in the type called agate. — Agatine, -tin, a. Pert, to or resembling, agate.— Ag'- atize, -tlz, v. t. f agatized (-tizd), -tizing.j To con- vert into, etc.— Ag'aty, -tT, a. Of the nature of, etc. Agave, a-ga've, n. A genus of plants ; the American aloe, or century plant, from the juice of which the liq- uor jpulque is made. ' Age, a], n. Whole duration of a being; the part of one's life previous toa given time; the latter part of life; legal maturity ; a particular pe- riod of time in history; the people of a particular pe- riod; hence, a generation; a century ; era.— v. i. To grow - old; to show marks of age." Aged, a'jed, a. Ad ' ' age; ' 'Idp an aged person. Agendum, a-jen'dum, n. ; pi. Agen'da, -da. Some- thing to be done; a memorandum-book ; a ritual or liturgy. [L.] Agent, a'jent, n. A person or thing that acts or has power to act ; one intrusted with the business of an- other ; a substitute ; a deputy ; a factor ; an active power or cause. — A'gentship, n. The office of an agent; agency. — A'gency, a'jen-sT, n. Quality or state of, etc. ; instrumentality ; office or duties of, etc. ; bureau of, etc. Agglomerate, ag-glom'er-at, v. t. To wind into a ball ; to gather into a mass. — v. i. To collect into a ball. — Agglom'era'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. Agglutinate, ag-glu'tt-nat, v. t. To glue or cause to adhere ; to unite by causing adhesion. — Agglu'ti- na'tion, n. Act of uniting, or state of being united.— Agglu'tina'tive, -tiv, a. Tending to unite. — Agglu'- tinant, a. Uniting. — n. A viscous adhesive sub- stance. Aggrandize, ag'gran-diz, v. t. [aggrandized (-dizd), -dizing.] To enlarge; to make great or greater in power, rank, honor, etc. ; to augment ; exalt ; in- crease. — Aggrandizement, -gran'diz-ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. — Ag'grandi'zer, n. One who, etc. Aggravate, ag'gra-vat, v. t. To make worse, more severe, more enormous ; to enhance; to give an ex- aggerated representation of; to provoke or irritate; to tease. — Aggravation, -va'shun, n. Actof, or that which, etc. ; exaggerated representation ; provoca- tion ; irritation. Aggregate, ag'gre-gat, v. t. To bring together ; to collect into a sum or mass ; to accumulate, pile. — a. Formed by parts -collected. (Law.) United in one body corporate. — n. An assemblage of par- ticulars; sum total; lump.— Aggregation, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. — Ag'gregative, -tiv, a. Causing aggregation ; collective. — Ag'grega'tively, adv. — Ag'gregator, -ter, n. One who, etc. Aggress, ag-gres', v. t. [aggressed (-gresf), -gress- Ing.] To make a first attack ; to begin a quarrel. — n. Attack. — Aggression, -gresh'un, n. First at- tack; act leading to controversy ; invasion; encroach- ment. — Aggressive, -siv, a. Tending to, etc. — Ag- gressively, adv. — Aggressiveness, n. — Aggres'- sor. -ser, n. Aggrieve, ag-grev', v. t. [aggrieved (-grevd / '), -griev- ing.] To give pain to ; to afflict ; to oppress or in- jure ; to harass. Aghast, a-gasf, a. or adv. Struck with amazement; stupefied with sudden fright or horror. Agile, aj'il, a. Quick of motion ; nimble ; lively ; brisk. — Ag'ilenoss, Agility, a-jiKl-tl, n. Quality of being, etc._ Agitate, 'aj'i-tat, v. t. To move with a violent irreg- ular action : to shake ; to disturb or excite ; to dis- cuss earnestly; to consider on all sides ; to revolve, debate. — Agita'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. ; perturbation of mind ; discussion. — Agita'- tivo, -tiv, a. Having power or tendency to, etc. — Agita'tor, -ter, n, Aglow, a-glo'j adv. Hot; bright with warmth; glowing. Agnail, agonal, n. Inflammation round a nail; a whit- low. Agnate, ag'nat, a. (Law.) Related on the father's side. — n. A male relation by the father's side. — Agna'tion, n. Descent in the male line. — Agna'tic, a. Pert, to, etc. Agnomen, ag-no'men, a. A name added, among the Romans, in celebration of some exploit. [L.] Agnostic, ag-nos'tik, a. Professing ignorance ; in- volving no dogmatic assertion ; leaving undeter- mined. — n. One who, etc. — Agnos'ticism, n. The condition of neither affirming nor denying, on the score of ignorance. (Theol.) The doctrine that the existence of a personal Deity can be neither asserted nor denied, proved nor disproved, because of the limits of the human mind, or of the insufficiency of evidence, — opp. to atheism and to theism; also, the belief of a Christian sect of the third century, that God did not know all things. Ago, a-go', adv. or a. Past; gone. Agog, a-gog', a. or adv. Highly excited by eagerness after an object. Agoing, a-go'ing,^ pi\ In motion; going; ready to go. Agony, ag'o-nt, n. Pain that causes writhing or con- tortions of the body, like those in athletic contests ; anguish ; pang. — Ag'ouist, n. One who contends for the prize in public games. — Ag'onism, -nizm, n. Contention for, etc. — Agonistic, -ical, a. Re- lating to prize-fighting, or to bodily or mental con- test. — Ag'onize, v. i. [agonized (-nizd), -nizing.] To writhe with agony; to suffer anguish, —v. t. To distress; to torture.— Ag'onizingly, adv. Agrarian, a-gra r r*-an, a. Relating or tending to equal division of lands. (Lot.) Growing wild. —it. One who favors equal division of property. Agree, a-gre', v. i. [agreed (-gred /r ), agreeing.] To harmonize in opinion, statement, or action ; to yield assent, come to terms, resemble. (Gram.) To correspond in gender, number, case, or person.— Agree'able, a. Suitable; in pursuance or accord- ance ; pleasing ; ready to agree. — Agree'abil'ity, Agree'ableness, n. Quality of being, etc. — Agree'- ably, adv. — Agree'ment, n. A state of, etc. ( Gram.) Concord of one word with another in gender, num- ber, etc. (Law.) Union of minds in a thing done or to be done ; a bargain, compact, or contract. Agriculture, ag'rT-kul-chur, n. The art or science of cultivating the ground;' tillage; husbandry. — Ag- ricultural, a. — Agriculturist, n. One skilled in, etc. Agrimony, ag'rT-mo-m, n. A wild plant having yel- low flowers. Agrin, a-grin', adv. In the act of grinning. Agriology, ag-ri-ol'o-ji, n. The comparative study of human customs, esp. of men in their natural state. Agrostis, a-gros'tis, n. (Lot.) A genus of grasses ;_ bent-grass; red-top. Aground, a-grownd / \ adv. On the ground; stranded. Ague, a'gu, n. Chilliness; an intermittent fever, at- tended bv alternate cold and hot fits. — A'guish, a. Ah, ii, interj. An exclamation, expressive of surprise, pity, contempt, joy, pain, etc.— Aha, a-ha', interj. | An exclamation expressing triumph, contempt, or I simple surprise. Ahead, a-hed', adv. Farther forward; onward. Ahoy, a-hoi r , interj. A sailor's call to attract attention. Ahull, a-huK, adv. With the sails furled, and the helm lashed on the lee side. Aid, ad, v. t. To support, by furnishing means to effect a purpose or prevent evil ; to assist, succor, befriend, — n. Help; the person or thing that aids; an aid-de-camp.— Aid'ance, n. Assistance.— Aid-de- camp, ad'de-kaN, n. ; pi. Aids-de-camp, adz-. (Mil.) One who assists a general officer in his military duties. [F.] — Aid'er, n. — Aid'ful, -ful, a. stin, cube, full ; moon, fcJot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tfcen, boNboN, chair, get. AIL 10 ALFALFA All, SI, v. i. [ailed (aid), ailing.] To affect with pain, physical or mental ; to trouble. — v. L To feel pain; to be troubled. — Ail, Ail'ment, n. Slight disease; indisposition; pain. Ailantus, a-lan^tus, n. A genus of trees, native of India and China; — commonly, but improperly, spelt ailanthus. m . l . , Aim, am. v.i. [aimed (amd), aiming.] To point with a missive weapon; to direct the intention or pur- pose. — v. t. To direct or point, as a weapon; to di- rect to a particular object.— n. The pointing or directing to an object, with a view to hit or affect it; the point to be hit, or affected: intention; direc- tion ; end; endeavor.— Aimless, «. — Aimlessly, Air, a'r, n. The fluid we breathe; the atmosphere; a gas, a*, fixed air; a light breeze : look or mien. (Mus.) A melodv or tune. — n. pi. An affected, vain manner. — v. t. To expose to the air ; to ventilate. — Air'ing, n. Exposure to air; an excursion in the open air. — Airy, ar'I, a. Pert, to, made of, or re- sembling air; high in air ; exposed to the air; .un- substantial; -frivolous: lively. {Paint.) Having the light and aerial tints true to nature. — Air'ily, adv. In an airy manner; gayly.— Air'iness, n. Openness to the air; levity; gayety. — Air 'bath, n. An ar- rangement for drying substances in air of any de- sired temperature. — -bed, n. An air-tight bag. in- flated, and used as a bed. bladder, n. An organ in fishes, containing: air, bv which their buoyancy is regulated, — -brake, a. \ Slack.) A contrivance for stopping the motion of car-wheels by the use of compressedTair. brick, n. An iron box of the size of a brick, built into walls for ventilation.— -cells, n. pi. Cavities for air in the leaves, stems, etc., of plants ; minute bronchial cells, in animals ; air- saes . — drain, n. A space round the walls of a build- ing, to prevent dampness,— -gun, n. A gun discharged by' the elastic force of air. hole. n. An opening for air; a hole produced by a bubble of air. plant, n. A -plant apparently nourished by air only: an epiphyte. — -poise, -poiz, n. An instrument for ascer- taining the weight of the air. — pump, n. A ma- chine for exhausting the air from vessels. — sacs, 71.pl. Receptacles for air in the bodies of birds, which com- municate with the lungs, and render the body spe- cifically lighter. — shaft, n. mine. — -tight, a. Impermeable to air. — trunk, n. Aventilating shaft, opened from the ceiling to the roof. — vessels, n. Vessels in plants or animals, which couvev air. Aisle, il, n. (Arch.) The wing of a building; a lateral division of a church, separated from the nave bv piers; a passage in a church, etc., into which pews or seats open. — Aisled, lid, a. Having; aisles. Ajar, a-jar', adv. Partly open, as a door. Akimbo, a-kim'bo, a. With elbow bent outward. Akin, a-kin', a. Related by blood; allied bv nature. Alabaster, aKa-bas-ter, «. (Mia.) A compact variety of sulphate of lime, or gypsum, of fine texture. — a. Pert, to, or resembling, etc. Alack, a-lak', Alackaday, a-lak'a-da, interj. Excla- mitions expressive of sorrow. Alacrity, a-lak'rT-tf, n. Cheerful readiness; ardor; liveliness: promotitude. Alamode, al-a-mod', adv. According to the mode or fashion. — n. A thin, glossy, black silk. [F.] Alarm, a-lann', n. A summons to arms; a notice of approaching danger; surprise with fear or terror; ap- prehension ; a mechanical contrivance for awaking persons from sleep. — r. t. Talarmed (a-larmdO, alarming ] To call to arms for defense; to fill with apprehension ; to disturb. — Alarm'ingly, adv. — Alarm 'ist, n. One who excites alarm.— Alarm'-bell, ft. A bell that gives notice of danger. — -clock, n. A clock made to ring at a particular hour. — -gauje, -gaj, n. A contrivance applied to boilers to show when the steam is too strong or water too low. post, n. A place to which troops repair in case of alarm. watch, n. A watch that can be set to Albatross. Although; be it so; notwith- Air-pump. A passage for air into a strike at a particular hour..— Alarum, a-la/rum. n. Same as Alarm; — applied to a contrivance attached to a«clock for calling attention. Alas, a-las', interj. An exclamation expressive of sor- row, pity, concern, or apprehension of evil. Alb, alb, n. An ec- clesiastical vest- ment of white lin- en. Albatross, al'ba- tros, n. A very large web-footed sea-bijd of the Southern Ocean. Albata, al-ba'ta, j German silver, a alio}' of copper t zinc (or tin), nickel. Albeit, awl-belt, conj. standing. Albelen, al'be-len, n. A fish of the trout species. Albertype, al r ber-tip, n. A picture printed from a gelatine plate prepared by means of a photographic negative. Albigenses, al'bi-jen'sez, n. pi. A party of reformers, | who separated from the church of Rome in the 12th century: — so called from Albi, in Languedoc. Albino, al-brno, n. ; pi. Albi'xos. A person or ani- mal having preternatural whiteness of skin, flaxen hair, and pink iris. Albion, al'bi-un, n. A poetic name of England. Albugineous, al-bu-jin'T-us, a. Pertaining to the white of an egg, and hence to the white of the eye. Album, aKbum, n. A blank book, for therinsertion of autographs, photographs, literaiy memorials, etc. Albumen, al-bu'men, n. (Bot.) Nourishing matter found in seeds. (I'hysiol.) A substance existing nearly pure in the white of egg, and its chief com- ponent. Alburnum, al-ber'num, n. The white and softer part. of wood next to the bark: sap-wood. Alcaid, al-kad', n. In Spain, the governor of a castle, fort, or the like; a jailer or warden. Alcalde, al-kal'de, n. In Spain, a magistrate or judge. Alcedo, al-se'do, n. A perching bird; kingfisher. Alchemy, al'ke-mi, n. Occult chemistry; an ancient science which aimed to transmute base metals into gold, find the universal medicine, etc. — Alchemic, a. Relating to alchemy. — Alchem'ically, adv.— Al'chemist, n. One versed in v etc. — Alchemist'- ical, a. Alcohol, al'ko-hol, n. Pure or highly rectified spirits; ardent spirits in general. 1 Alcoran. See Koran. _ Alcove, al'kov or al-koV, n. A recess, or part of a room, separated from the rest by a partition. [ Alder, awKder, n. A tree or shrub of several vari- j eties. j Alderman, awYder-man, n. ; pi. Al'der-men. A mag- istrate or officer of a city or town corporation. Ale, al, n. A liquor made from malt by fermentation; an English countrj" festival, so called from the liquor drunk. Alee, a-le', adv. (Naut.) On the side opposite to the side on which the wind strikes. Alembic. a-lem'tak, n. A chemi- cal vessel, formerly used in dis- tillation. Alert, a-l5rt /r , a. Watchful : vigi- lant ; moving with celerity. — Upon the alert. Upon the watch. — Alert'ly, adv. — Alert'ness, n. Briskness : watchfulness ; promptitude: nimbleness. Alewife, al'wif, n. ; pi. Ale'wives, Alembic, -wivz. An American fish resembling a herring. Alexandrine, al'egz-an'drin, n. A verse of twelve syl- lables, or six iambic feet; — so called from a French poem on the life of Alexander. Alfalfa, al-faKfa, n. A perennial plant, allied to clover. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term; Tn, ice : Sdd, tone, 8r; ALGA 11 ALLOPATHY Alga, aKga, n. ; pi. ALG.E, aKje. A grand division of eryptogamic plants, embracing sea-weeds. Algarot, al'ga-rot, n. An emetic powder, prepared from antimony. Algebra, aKje-bra, n. (3fath.) That branch of anal- ysis which investigates the relations and properties of numbers by means of letters and other symbols. — Algebraic, -bralk, -ical, a. Pert, to, or performed by, etc. —Algebraically, adv. By means of, etc. — AVgebraist, n. One skilled in, etc. Algid, al'jid, a. Chilled with cold. — AKgide, -jid, a. Characterized by great coldness, said of certain dis- eases. — Algidity, n. — Algific, -jifik, a. Produ- cing cold. — Al'gor, -g6r, n. {Med.) Unusual cold- ness; chill at the onset of fever. Alguazil, al-ga-zeK, n. A Spanish officer of justice. Alias, ali-as, adv. Otherwise; otherwise called; — a term used in legal proceedings to connect the differ- ent names of a party who has gone by two or sev- eral, and whose true name is doubtful. — n. (Law.) A second or further writ issued after one has expired without effect ; an assumed name. [L.] Alibi, aKY-bi, n. (Law.) When one on trial for crime shows that he was elsewhere when the act was com- mitted, he is said to prove an alibi; hence, the de- fense under which this proof is made, [i.., else- where.] Alien, aKyen, a. Not belonging to the same country; foreign T different in nature. — n. A foreigner; a foreign-born resident of a country, in which he has not citizenship. — Alienage, n. State of being an alien. — Alienate, v. t. To convey or transfer to another, as title, property, or right; to make indif- ferent or averse ; to estrange. — a. Estranged. — Al'ienalion, m. (Law.) A transfer of title, or legal conveyance of property, to another. State of being alienated or transferred ; estrangement, as of the affections ; derangement ; insanity. — Alienator, -ter, n. One who, etc. — Aliene, al-yen', v. t. To eonvey_ or transfer, as property; to estrange. —Al- ienee, "al-yen-el n. One to whom a thing is sold. — Alienism, al'yen-izm, n. State of being an alien. Alienist, al'yen-ist, n. A physician who makes a specialty of insanity. — a. Relating to insanity. Alight, a-llf, if. i. To get down or descend, as from on horseback; to dismount; to fall or descend, and settle, or lodge. Alight, a-lif, a. Lighted; burning. Align, a-lin', v. t. [aligned (-lindO, aligning.] To adjust or form by a line, as troops. — v. i. To form inline. — v.t. (Bngin.) To layout the ground-plan, as of a road. Alike, a-lik', a. Having resemblance; similar; with- out difference. Aliment, alT-ment, n. That which feeds or supports; food; nutriment. — Alimentlveness, n. (Phren.) The organ of appetite for food or drink. See Phrenology. Alimony, al'r-mo-ni, n. An allowance made to a wile out of the estate of a husband from whom she is separated. Aliped, al'i-ped, a. Wing-footed. — n. An animal having toes connected by membranes serving as wings, as the bat. Aliquant, al'I-kwant, a. Not dividing another num- ber without a remainder. Aliquot, al'T-kwot, a. Dividing exactly, or without remainder. Alive, a-liv' a. Having life; not dead; susceptible. Alizarine, a-liz r a-rin, n. A coloring principle in mad- der. Alkali, al'ka-li or -IT, n. (Chem.) One of a class of caustic bases, which are soluble in water and alco- hol, unite with oils and fats to form soap, neutralize and change reddened litmus to blue. — AKkaline, -lin or -lin, a. Having the qualities of, etc. — Al- kalinity, n. Quality which constitutes, etc. — Al- kaliza'tion, n. The act of rendering alkaline by impregnating with, etc. — Al'kalize, -Hz, v. t. To alkalify. — Al'kaloid, n. (Chem.) A salifiable base existing in some vegetables as a proximate principle. — Alkaloid'al, a. Alkoran, al'ko-ran, n. The Mohammedan Bible; a tower of a mosque in which the Koran is read. All, awl, a. Every one ; the whole. — adv. Wholly ; altogether. — n. The whole number, quantity, or amount; the total. — All along. Continually; reg- ularly. — All that. A collection of similar things; et csetera. — All-fools' -day. The 1st of April, when it is a custom to play tricks, or make fools. — All- fours. A game of cards, containing four chances. To go on all fours, to move on four legs, or on two legs and two arms or hands. — All-hail. All health; a phrase of salutation. — All-hallow, -hallows, -hal- lowmas. All-Saints'-day. — All-hallow-tide. The time near All-Saints'. — All-Saints'-day. The first day of November, a feast in honor of all the saints. — All-souls' -day. The second of November, a Ro- man Catholic solemnity, when the souls of the faith- ful are prayed for. — Allspice. An aromatic berry of the West Indies. — All-sufficient. Sufficient for every thing. —All told. All counted; including the whole number.— At all. A phrase of enforcement or emphasis, signifying, in the least; under any cir- cumstances. Allah, alia, n. Arabic name ofthe Supreme Being. Allay, al-la', v. t. [allayed (-lad'), allaying.] To put at rest, appease, abate, mitigate, or subdue. Allay. See Alloy. Allege, al-lej', v. t. [alleged (-lejd'), alleging.] To bring forward with positiveness ; to produce, as an argument, plea, or excuse. —Allegation, al-le- ga'shun, n. Positive declaration. Allegiance, al-le'jans, n. Obligation of a subject to his prince or government ; loyalty. Allegory, alle-go-ri, n. A story in which the direct and literal meaning is not the real or principal one, but images forth some important truth; figurative description. — Allegoric, -g5r'ik, -ical, a. In the manner of, etc.; figurative. — Allegorize, -riz, v. t. [ allegorized (-rizd), -rizing.] To ioriTi or turn into, etc. ; to understand in an allegorical sense. — v. i. To use, etc. — Allegoriza'tion, n. Allegretto, al-la-gretlo, a. (Mus.) Quicker than an- dante, but not so quick as allegro. [It.] Allegro, al-la'gro, a. (Mus.) Quick, brisk, livel}'. — n. A quick, sprightly strain or piece. [It.] Alleluiah, al-le-lu'ya, n. Praise to Jehovah. Allemande, al-le-mand', n. A German waltz. (Cook- ery.) A white sauce. Alleviate, al-le'vT-at, v. t. To make light or easy to be borne; to remove in part; to make easier; to lessen, mitigate, assuage, allay. — Allevialion, n. Act of, etc. ; mitigation. — Alle'viative, -tiv, a. and n. That, or that which, alleviates. Alley, allT, n. ; pi. Alleys, allYz. A walk in a gar- den; a narrow passage, as distinct from a public street. — A large marble. Alliaceous, al-lT-a'shus, a. Pert, to garlic; having the smell or properties of, etc. Alliance. See under Ally. Alligate, allT-gat, v. t. To tie together; to unite. Alligator, al-li-galer, n. A large carnivorous am- phibious reptile, of the Saurian family, peculiar to America. Allineate, al-linl-at, v. t. (Surv.) To ad- j u s t to a line ; to align. Allision, al-lizh'un, n. A striking against. Alliteration, al-lit'er- a'shun, n. Repeti- tion of the same let- ter at short intervals. Alligator. — Allit'erative, -tiv, a. Pert, to, etc. Allocate, allo-kat, v. t. To place, set apart, allot. — AUocalion, n. Act of putting one thing to an- other ; admission of an article of account; allow- ance made upon an account. — Alloca'tur, n. (Law.) Allowance of a thing or proceeding, by a court or judicial officer. Allocution, al-lo-ku'shun, n. An address ; esp. by the pope to his clergy. Allodium, al-lo'dT-um, n. (Lavj.) Freehold estate; land which is the absolute property of the owner. — AlloHial, a. (Law.) Pert, to, etc.; free of rent or service, — opp. to feudal. Allopathy, al-lop'a-thi, n. Employment of medicines sun, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow. oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. ALLOT 12 ALTOGETHER to produce effects opposite to those resulting from disease; the ordinary practice, as opp. to homeopathy. Allot, al-lof, v. t. To divide or distribute, as by lot: to distribute in parts: to grant, as a portion: to give, assign, apportion. — Allot'ment, n. Act of allotting; part allotted. —Allottee, -te', n. One to whom a thing is allotted. Allow, al-low', V. t. [ALLOWED (-lowd')- -LOWING.] To give, afford, or yield; acknowledge; abate or de- duct; grant license to; permit; show, or prove to be; to approve of, justify. — v. i. To make abatement. — Allow'ably, adv.— Allowance, n. Act of, etc.; permission or license ; that which is allowed ; a stated quantity. (Xaui.) A limited quantity of meat and drink, when provisions fall short ; abate- ment. (.Com.) A deduction from the gross weight of goods. — v. t. [allowanced (-anst), -ancing.] To put upon allowance. Alloy, al-loi', v. t. [alloyed (-loid'), -loyixg.] To reduce the purity of, by mixing with a less valua- ble metal; to abate, impair, or corrupt. — ra. Any compound of two or more metals ; a baser metal mixed with a finer ; evil mixed with good. Allude, al-lud / ', v. i. To refer to something not directly mentioned; to have reference, advert to. — Allusion, -lu'zhun, n. Indirect reference. (Rhet.) A figure by which something is applied to, or understood of, another, on account of some similitude between them. — Allu'sive, -siv, a. Hinting at; referring to. — Allu'sively, adv. — Allu'siveness, n. Allure, al-lur', v. t. [allured (-lurd'), ALLURING.] To try to draw to; to tempt by offers ; to entice, se- duce. — Allure 'merit, n. That which allures. — Al- lur'er, n. A tempter. Alluvium, al-lu'vi-um, -vion, n. ; pi. All f 'via, -vT-a. (Geol.) Deposits of earth, band, etc., made by rivers, floods, etc., upon land not permanently submerged. — Allu'vial, a. Pert, to, contained in, or composed of, etc.; washed ashore or down a stream; of fresh- water origin. Ally, al-li', r. t. [allied (-lid'), allying.] To unite, or form a connection between. — n. ; pi. Al- lies, al-llz'. One united by compact, marriage, or any tie; a confederate. —Alliance, al-li'ans. n. State of "being allied ; a union or connection of interests; the compact or treaty which is the instrument of allying ; persons or parties allied; league; confeder- acy; coalition. Allyl, allil, n. (Chem.) An organic radical, existing esp. in garlic and mustard. Alma Mater, aKma master. A college or seminary where'one is educated. [L., fostering mother.] Almanac. awl'ma-nak. n. A calendar of days, weeks, and months. Almandine, al'man-dln. n. (Mm.} The red variety of garnet, translucent or transparent. Aline, Almeh. al'me, n. In Egypt, a dancing-girl. Almighty. avl-mlt'I. n. God': the Supreme Being. — a. Having all power. Almond, a'mund. n. The fruit of the almond-tree; one of the glands called tonsils, at the base of the throat. Almost, awl'most, adv. Nearly; for the greatest part. Alms, amz, n. pi. Any tiling gratuitously given to re- lieve the poor; a charitable donation. — Alms '-house, n. A house for the poor: poor-house. — Almoner, al'mun-er. /;. One who distributes alms for another. — Al'morrry, n. A place for, etc. Aloe, al'o, n. ; pi. Aloes, al'oz. (Bot:) A genus of evergreen herbaceous plants. — pi. (Jled.) The in- spissated juice of several species of aloe, used as a Durgative. — Al'oet'ic. -ical, a. Aloft, a-loff, adv. On high. (Xaut.) In the top; at the mast-head: above the deck. Alone, a-lon', a. Apart from, or exclusive of, others; single; solitary. Along, a-long', adv. In a line with the length ; length- wise; in aline, or with a progressive motion: onward; in company; together, —prep. By the length of, as disting. fr. across. — Alongside, adv. By the side of a ship. Aloof, a-loof, adv. At or from a distance, but within Alose, alos, n. The American shad. ;ru, having long, k Alouchi. Aluchi. a-lu'che, a. A compound resin ob- tained from Madagascar. Aloud, a-lowd', adv. With a great noise; loudly. Alow, a-lo', adv. In a low place ; not aloft. Alp, alp, n. Avery high mountain; — esp. in the mountain ranges of Switzerland. Alpaca, al-pak'a, n. An animal of Peru, having long, fine, woollv hair; a species of liama; a thin cloth made of al- paca wool mixed with silk or cot- ton. Alpha, alia, n. The first letter of the Greek alphabet, used to de- note first. (Astron.) Used to des- ignate the brightest star in a con- stellation. — Al'phabet, n. The letters of a language arranged in order. — Alphabet, Al'phabet- d§ ize, -Iz, v. t. [alphabetized (-izd), s -tizing.] To arrange in the order Alpaca, of an alphabet. — Al'phabeta'rian, n. A learner of the alphabet; abecedarian. — Alphabetic, -ical, a. Of. pertaining to, or arranged in the order of, etc. — Alphabet'ically, adv. Already, awl-red'T, adv. Before this time; now. Alsike, al'sik or aFsek, n. A kind of clover. Also, awl'so, adv. or conj. In like manner; likewise; too: in addition to. Alt, alt, a. or n. (Mus.) The higher part of the scale. Altar, awKter, n. An elevated place on which sacri- fices are offered to a deity; in Christian churches, the communion table. — Al'tarage, n. Profits of priests from offering*. Altazimuth, al-taz'l-muth, n. An instrument at- tached to telescopes for taking azimuths and alti- tudes at the same time. Sec Azimuth. Alter, awl'ter, v. t. [altered (-terd), -tering.] To make some change in; to vary; to change entirely or materially. — ?.-. ?. To become, in some respects, dif- ferent: to change. — Al'terable. a. Capable of being altered.— Al'terableness, -abil'ity, n. — Al'terably, adv. — Al'terant, a. and n. Same as alterative.— Altera'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.: change; the change made. — Al'terative. -tiv, a. (Med.) Having power to restore the healthy func- tions of the body without sensible evacuations. — n. An alterative medicine. Altercate. al'ter-kat, v. i. To contend in words; to wrangle. — Alterca'tion, n. Warm contention; con- troversy; wrangle. Alternate, al-ter'nat, a. Being by turns; one follow- ing the other in succession ; reciprocal. — n. That which happens by turns ; vicissitude ; a substitute. — Alternate, al'ter-nat or al-ter'nat, v.t. To per- form in succession: to cause to succeed bv turns: to change reciprocally. — v. i. To happen or to act bv turns.— Alternately, adv. — Alternation, u. Recip- rocal succession. (Math.) Changes or alterations of order in numbers: permutation. — Alternative, -tiv, a. Offering a choice of two things. — n. That which may be chosen or omitted; a choice of two things. — Alternatively, adv. — Alter'nativenoss, n. Quality or state of being, etc. (Biol.) Alternate generation; a form of reproduction in which development from eggs alternates with that from buds, the individuals arising in the two methods differing from one an- other; metagenesis. — Alternant, a. (Geol.) In alternating layers. Althea. al-the'a, n. (Bot.) A genus of plants includ- ing the marsh-mallow and hollyhocks. — Althe 'in, n. (CJiem.) An alkaline substance existing in the marsh-mallow; asparagine. Althorn, alt'h6rn, n. A musical instrument similar to the saxhorn. Although, awl-tho', conj. Grant all this ; be it so ; suppose that: notwithstanding. Altitude, aKtl-tud, n. Height ; perpendicular eleva- tion above the ground, or above a given level. (Astron.) Elevation of a celestial object above the horizon. Alto, al'to, n. (Mm.) The part sung by the lowest female voices, between tenor and soprano ; in in- strumental music, the tenor. Altogether, awl'to-geth'er, adv. With united action; without exception; completely. Em, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r ; ALTO-RELIEVO 13 AMENT Alto-relievo, al'to-re-le'vo, -rilievo, -re-le-a'vo, n. (Sculp.) High relief; the figure standing out from the background. Altruism, aKtroo-izm, n. Regard for others; devotion to the interests of others; unselfishness; opp. to egotism. Aludel, al'u-del, n. A chemical pot open at each end, used in sublimation. Alum, aKum, n. A double sulphate of alumina and potassa. — Alu'mina, -ml-na, AKumine, -min, n. (Min.) One of the earths, having two parts of alu- minum and three of oxygen. — Aluminiferous, -nif - er-us, a. Producing or containing alum. — Alumin /r - ium, Alu'minum, n. The metallic base of alumina; a very light white metal, not easily oxidized. — Alu r - minous, a. Pert, to, or containing alum, or alumina, — AKumish, n. Of the nature of alum. — AFiun- stone, n. A mineral containing alum. Alumnus, a-lum'nus, n. ; pi. Alum'ni, -ni. A pupil; a graduate of a college, etc. Alva, al'va, n. A plant of the pond weed order, dried, and used for stuffing beds and upholstery. Alveary, aKvT-a-ri, n. A bee-hive; the hollow of the ear. — Alveolus, al-ve'o-lus, n. ; pi. Alve'oli. A cell in a honey-comb; the socket in the jaw in which a tooth is fixed. — APveolar, a. Pert, to or resem- bling tooth-sockets. — Al'veolate, a. Pitted like honeycomb. — Alvirte, al'vin, a. Pert, to the lower bellv or intestines. Alway, awl'wa, APways, adv. Perpetually; regularly at stated intervals; invariably. Am, the first person singular of tire verb to be in the indicative jnocle, present tense. Amain, a-man', adv. Violently; suddenly. (Naut.) Suddenly, or at once. Amalgam, a-mal'gam, n. A compound of mercury, or quicksilver, with another metal; a mixture of different things. — Amalgamate, -gamize, v. t. To compound or mix. — v. i. To unite in an amalgam; to coalesce, as a result of growth. — Amal'gama'- tion, n. Act or operation of, etc.; esp. the process of separating gold and silver from their ores by mix- ing them with mercury ; the blending of different things or races. — Amalgamator, -ma-'ter, n. A ma- chine for producing an amalgam. Amanuensis, a-man'ii-en'sis, n. ; pi. -enses, -sez. One who writes what another dictates, or copies what is written; a copyist. Amaranth, anT'a-ranth, n. (Bot.) A genus of annual plants, with flowers and foliage of various colors and leaves that last long without withering ; an imaginary flower that never fades; a purplish color. Amaryllis, am-a-riKlis, n. (Bot.) A bulbous plant, with large, lily-like flowers of various colors. Amass, a-mas', r. t. [amassed (a-mast r ), amassing.] To collect into a mass or heap; to accumulate, pile up, gather. — Amass'able, a. Capable of being, etc. — Amass'ing, n. Act of accumulating; what has been accumulated. — Amass'ment, n. Accumula- tion. Amasthenic, am-as-then'ik, a. Uniting all the chem- ical rays into one focus, — said of a lens; amacratic. Amateur, am-a-ter^, n. One who cultivates a study or art, without pursuing it professionally. — Amateur'- ish, a. Inclined to. etc. Amative, am'a-tiv, a. Pull of love ; amorous ; ama- tory.— Am'ativeness, n. (Phreh.) Supposed seat of sexual desire ; propensity to love. See Phrenol- ogy. — Amato'rial, Am'atory, a. Relating to, in- duced by, or expressive of, love. Amaurosis, am-aw-re'sis, n. (Med.) A loss or decay of sight, without visible defect in the eye, usually from loss of power in the optic nerve. —Amaurotic, -rofik, a. _ Pert, to, etc' « Amaze, a-maz', v. t. [amazed (-mazd / ), amazing.] To confound with fear, sudden surprise, or won- der ; to confuse with terror and astonishment, — n. Astonishment ; perplexity. — Ama'zedness, n. — Amaze'ment, n. A feeling of surprise and wonder; perplexity from, etc. ; admiration ; confusion. — Ama'zingly, adv. In an amazing degree. Amazon, ara'a-zon, n. One of a fabulous race of fe- male warriors, on the coast of the Euxine; a warlike or masculine woman ; a virago. — Am^azonite, -it, «. (Min.) A variety of feldspar, found near the Ama- zon River, also in the Ural Mountains in Siberia, and in Colorado._ Ambages, am-ba r jez, n. A circuit of words; a circum- locution. Ambassador, am-bas'sa-der, n. An envoy of the highest rank sent to a foreign government. — Am- bassadress, n. A female ambassador ; the wife of an ambassador. — Am'bassage, n. Embassy. Amber, am'ber, n. A yellow fossil resin, rendered electric by friction. — u. Of, resembling, or of the color of, amber. Ambergris, am'ber-gres, n. A fragrant substance used in perfumery, etc. It is a morbid secretion of the intestines of the sperm-whale. — Am'brite, -brlt, n. Afossil gum-resin resembling amber, found in New Zealand. Ambidexter, am-bi-deks'ter, n. One Avho uses both hands equally well; a double-dealer. Ambient, am'bY-ent, a. Encompassing; surrounding. Ambiguous, am-big'u-us, a. Doubtful or uncertain, esp. in respect to signification.— Ambiguously, adv. — Ambig'ucusness, Ambigu'ity, n. Ambition, am-bish'un,w. Eager desire of preferment, power, etc.; greediness. — AmbPtious, -shus, a. Pos- sessing, springing from, or indicating, ambition. — Ambi'tionless, a. — AmbPtiously, adv. — Ambi r - , am'bl, v. i. To move, as a horse, by lifting together the two legs on one side; to paceTto move affectedly, —n. Gait of a horse. Ambrosia, am-bro'zha, n. (Myth.) The food of the gods, which conferred eternal youth. (Bot.) A genus of plants, including rag-weed, hog-weed, etc. Ambrotype, am'bro-tip, n. A picture taken on a pre- pared trlnss, in which lights are represented in silver, and shades by a dark background, visible through the unsilverecl portions of the glass. Ambulance, am'bu-lans, n. (Mil.) A flying hospital to follow an army in its movements. — Am'bulant, a. Walking; moving from place to place. — Am'bu- lato'ry, a. Able or accustomed to, etc. (Law.) Not fixed m its legal character, but capable of being al- tered, as a will. — 11. Part of a building intended tor walking in, esp. a place inclosed by a colonnade or arcade, as a portico. Ambury, am'bu-rT, An'bury, n. A soft swelling on a horse, full of blood. Ambuscade, am'bus-kad, n. A lying concealed, to attack an enemy by surprise ; a concealed place from which to attack ; ambush. — v. t. To lie in wait ; to attack from ambush. — Am'bush, -brish, n. Act of attacking, etc. ; an ambuscade ; troops con- cealed, etc.— v. t. [ambushed (-busht), ambushing.] To lie in wait for_; to surprise; to' place in ambush. Ameer, Amir, a-mer'. _Same as Emeer, Emir. Ameliorate, a-mel'yo-rat, v. t. To make better; to im- prove.— v.i. To grow better; to meliorate.— Amel- ioration, n— AmePiorative, -tiv, a. Producing, etc. Amen, a'men' (in singing pron. a/men'). An ex- pression used at the end of prayers, meaning, So be it. Amenable, a-me'na-bl, a. Liable to be brought to account or punishment; responsible; willing to yield; submissive. — Ame'nably, adv. — Amenability, Ame'nableness, n. State of being, etc. Amend, a-mend', v.t. To change for the better; to cor- rect, reform, — v. i. To grow better. — Amend 'or, n. — Amendment, n. An alteration for the better; cor- rection of faults; reformation by quitting vices; in public bodies, an alteration in a bill or motion by adding, changing, etc. (Law.) Correction of an er- ror in a writ or process. — Amends', n. sing, and pi. Compensation for loss or injury ; satisfaction ; equivalent. Amende, a-maNd r , n. A fine or punishment; repara- tion ; retraction. —Amende honorable, -on'o-ra^bl. Public recantation or apology for injury. [P.] Amenity, a-meii'I-tY, n. Agreeableness in situation, climate, manners, etc. Ament, am'ent, n. (Bot.) A species of inflorescence, consisting of a scaly sort of spike, as in the alder, birch, etc. ; a catkin. — Amenta''- ceous, -ta'shus. Producing catkins sun, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. AMENTIA 14 ANABASIS Amentia, a-men'shT-a, n. Imbecility; idiocy. Amerce, a-mers', v. t. [amerced (-mersf), amek- cing.] To punish by a pecuniary penalty fixed by the court; to punish, in general. — Amerce'inent, n. (Law.) Pecuniary penalty inflicted at the discretion of the court. — Amer'cer, n. American, a-mer'I-kan, a. Pert, to America, — esp. to the United States, — n. Native of, etc., formerly applied to the aboriginal inhabitants ; but now to descendants of Europeans born in America, esp. in the United States. —Americanism, -izm, n. Word, phrase, or idiom peculiar to America ; regard of Americans for their country or its interests. — Americanize, -iz, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izing.] To render American. Amethyst, am'e-thist, n. A subspecies of quartz, of a bluish violet color. — Amethyst'oline, -lin, n. Vol- atile fluid found in cavities of the amethyst. Amiable, a'mi-a-bl, a. Worthy of love; deserving of affection! charming. — A'miableness, -bii'ity, n. Amianth, am'T-anth, Amianthus, am-1-an'thus, n. (Min.) An incombustible flax-like mineral sub- stance, which may be wrought into cloth and paper. Amicable, am'f-ka-bl, a. Harmonious in mutual in- tercourse; friendly; peaceable. Amice, am'is, Am'ict, n. A loose flowing garment worn by pilgrims. (Eccl.) A piece of embroidered linen, worn on the head like a hood, or on the shoul- ders like a cape. Amid, a-mid', Amidst', prep. In the midst or middle; surrounded by ; among. Amidships, a-mid'ships, adv. Half-way between the stem and the stem. Amiss, a-mis', a. Wrong; faulty, out of order; im- proper. — adv. Wrongly, etc. Amity, am'i-tl, n. Friendship ; harmony ; good un- derstanding. Ammonia, am-mo'nY-a, n. A volatile alkali of a pun- gent smell; spirit of hartshorn. — Ammo 'iliac, a. Of, or pert, to, etc. — Ammo'niac, or Gum ammo'niac, n. (Med.) Concrete juice of an umbelliferous plant, from Persia. Ammunition, am-mu-nish'un, n. Military stores for attack or defense; articles used in charging fire-arms and ordnance; as powder, balls, shot, etc. Amnesty, am'nes-tT, n. A general pardon of offenses against government. Amoeba, a-me'ba, n. (Zobl.) An animalcule capable of numerous changes of form. — Amos'biform, Amoe'boid, a. Resembling, etc.— Amoe'bous,-bus, a. Of, or pert, to, etc. Among, a-mung', Amongst, a-mungst', prep. Mixed or mingled with; associated with; making part of the number of. Amontillado, a-mon'til-la'do, n. A dry sherr3 r . [Sp.] Amorous, am'o-rus, a. Inclined to" love ; prone to sexual enjoyment; enamored; in love; of, or caused by, love. Amoroso, am-o-ro'so, n. A lover. — adv. (Mus.) Lov- ingly; tenderly. [It.] Amorph, am'orf, n. (Chem. and Min.) A body with- out crystalline structure. — Amor'phism, n. A state of being, etc., as in glass, opal, etc. — Amor'phous, -f us, a. Having no determined form ; of no partic- ular character ; anomalous. — Amor'photae, -fo-te, n. pi. (Astron.) Stars not comprised in any constel- lation. Amortize, a-m6r'tiz, v. t. (Law.) To alienate in mort- main. — Amortization, Amortizement, -tiz-ment, n. (Law.) Act or right of alienating lands to a cor- poration, considered as transferring them to dead hands, or in mortmain ; extinction of debt, esp. by a sinking fund. Amount, a-mownt', v. i. To rise or reach by accumu- lation ; to come in the aggregate ; to be equivalent. — n. Sum total; effect, substance, or result. Amour, a-mobr', n. A love intrigue. Ampelite, am'pel-Tt, n. An earth used to kill insects on vines: also, alum-slate. Amphibious, am-fib'i-us, a. Able to live in the air and water; adapted for living, etc.; part-iking of two na- tures.— Amphibiously, adv. — Amphib'iousness, n. — Amphib'ia, -i-a, n. pi. (Zobl.) The class of reptiles which includes the saurians. — Amphib'iau, n. An amphibious animal, —a. Of, or pert, to, etc. Amphibole, am'fi-bol, n. (Geol.) Hornblende, which is easily mistaken for augite. — Amphib'olite.-llt, n. Hornblende ; trap-rock. Amphibology, am-fi-bol'o-jT, n. A phrase, proposi- tion, etc., susceptible of more than one interpreta- tion. Amphibrach, am'fi-brak, n. (Anc. Pros.) A foot of three syllables, the middle one long, the first and last short. Amphicar'pic, -carpous, am-f !-car'pus, a. (Bot.) Bear- ing fruit of two kinds. Amphictyons, am-fik'tT-unz, n. pi. A council of dep- uties from the different states of ancient Greece.— Amphic'tyon'ic, a. — Amphictyony, -nk'H-o-ni, n. A league of neighboring states. ! Amphigean, am-hj'e-an, a. Extending over all the zones of the earth. Amphigory, am-fig'o-rT, n. Nonsense verses; a rig- marole, with, apparent meaning, but really meaning- less.— Amphigor'ic, a. Nonsensical; ab"surd. Amphimacer, am-fim'a-ser. n. (Anc. Pros.) A foot of three syllables, the middle one short, and the others long. Amphiprostyle, am-f>p'ro-stIl, n. A double prostyle, or an edilice with columns in front and behind, hut not on the sides. — Aniphip'rosty'lar, u. Amphitheater, -tre, am-ti-the'a-ter, n. An oval or circular . edifice, having rows of seats one above another, around the arena; the highest gallery in a theater. — Am'phitheat'rical, a. Amphora, am'iS-ra, n. An ancient two- handled earthen vessel. Ample, am'pl, a. Large in size ; of great extent or bulk ; fully sufficient. — Am'plitude, -tud, n. State of be- ing, etc.; extent of capacity or intel- lectual powers, or of means, or re- sources. — Amply, adv. — Amplify, am'pli-fi, v. t. [amplified (-fid), -fyixg.] To render larger, more ex- tended, or more intense. (Rhet.) To treat copiously. — v. i. To grow or A m „i, m become large; to dilate. - Am'plia- tive, -plT-a-tiv, Am'plifica'tive, a. Se: frig to, etc. Ampulla, am-pul'la, n. An ancient flask or bottle, having a narrow neck and big bel- ly; a drinking cup. (Bot.) A hol- low leaf. (Anat.) A dilatation in the semi-circular canals of the ear. [L.] — Ampullaceous, -la'shus, a. Bottle-shaped. Amputate, am'pu-tat, v. t. To cut oh, as a limb. — Amputa'tion, n. Amuck, a-muk', n. Act of killing; slaughter. - adr. Wildly ; indis- Ampulla, cnmmately. — To rvn amuck. To rush out frantically, attacking all comers, as is done by fanatics in the East. Amulet, am'u-let, n. Something worn to prevent evil ; a charm inscribed with mystic characters. Amuse, a-muz', v. t. [amused (-muzd'), amusing.] To entertain agreeably: to keep in expectation, de- lude, divert. — Amuse'ment, n. That which, etc.; pastime. Amylaceous_, am-T-la'shus, a. Pert, to starch. — Am'- ylene, -t-len, n. A hydro-carbon of anaesthetic prop- erties. — Amyl'ic, a. Of or from starch. An, a. Commonly called the indefinite, article. It signifies one or any, but less emphatically, and is used before a vowel sound. An, conj. If. [Ohs.] Ana, a'na. A suffix to n^ies denoting a collection of memorable sayings. Thus, Scaligerana is a book of sayings by Scaliger. Sometimes used alone as a noun. Anabaptist, an-a-bap'tist, n. (Eccl. Hist.) One who denies the validity of infant baptism, and maintains that those so baptized ought to be baptized again. — Anabaptis'tic, a. — Anabap'tism, n. The doctrine of, etc. Anabasis, a-nab'a-sis, n. Lit., a going up; esp., Cyrus' invasion of Asia : a great military expedition. (Med.) The first period, or increase of a "disease. Serving or tend- am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; 5dd, tone, 8r ; ANACATHARTIC 15 ANCHOR Anacathartic, an'a-ka-thar'tik, a. Exciting dis- charges from the mouth and nose. — n. A medicine having this property: — opp. of cathartic. Anachoret, Anachorite. See A^~CHORET. Anacharis, an-ak'a-ris, n. (Bot.) A fresh- water weed which obstructs navigation ; waterweed. . Anachorism, an-ak'o-nzm, n. A practice or expres- sion differing from the usage of the country in which it is employed. Anachronism, an-aklo-nizm, n. An error in chro- nology, by which events are misplaced in regard to each other. — Anachronistic, a. Involving, etc. Anaclastics, an'a-klasliks, n. That part of optics concerning the refraction of light: dioptrics. Anaciisis, an'a-kle'sis, n. (Med.) Position taken by a sick person in bed. Anacolnthon, an'a-ko-lu'thon, n. (Rhet.) Want of. sequence in the parts of a sentence, when one part has a different grammatical construction from an- other. — Anacolulhic, -thical, a. Anaconda, an-a-kon'da, n. A large snake of the Boa family, which lives in South America. Anacreontic, a-nak're-onlik, a. Pert, to, or after the manner of, the Greek poet Anacreon. — n. A poem in praise of love and wine. Anacrusis, an-a-kroo'sis, n. (Pro*.) A prefix of unac- cented syllables to a verse beginning with an accented syllable. Anadem, an'a-dem, n. A garland : fillet ; chaplet. Anadiplosis, an'a-dl-plo'sis, ??. (Rhet.) A repetition of words in a sentence or clause, at the beginning of the next. Anadrom, an'a-drom, n. A fish that periodically leaves the sea to ascend rivers. — Anad'romous, ! -mus, a. Anaemia, a-ne'mi-a, n. (Med.) Deficiency of blood in i the system.— Anae1nic,a. — Anaemotlophy, -fl, n.\ Lack of nourishment in the blood. Anaesthesia, an-es-the'zhT-a, Anaesthe'sis, n. (Med.) Entire or partial loss of perception; insensibility pro- ! duced by disease or by inhaling ether, chloroform, ! nitrous oxide gas, etc. — Anaesthetic, a. Capable of rendering insensible : characterized by insen- . sibility. — n. That which produces, etc. — Anaes'- thetize, v. t. To produce, etc. Anaglyph, an'a-glif, n. An embossed or chased or- nament, worked in relief, — when raised on stone a cameo, when sunk an intaglio. Anagoge, Anagogy, an'a-go-jT, h. An elevation of mind; mystical interpretation of the Scriptures; ap- plication "to the New Testament of types and alle- goriesof the Old: one of four modes of Scriptural in- terpretation, the others being literal, allegorical, and \ tronological. (Med.) Rejection through the mouth of mood from the lungs. — Anagogics, -gojlks, n. pi. Mystical interpretations, esp. of the Scriptures. I Anagram, an'a-gram, n. A transposition of the let- j ters of a name, forming a new word. Anagraph, an'a-graf, n. A commentary. Anal, a'nal, a. Belonging to or near the anus or open- ! irig at the lower extremity of the alimentary canal. 1 Analectie, an-a-ieklik, a. Collecting or selecting; j made up of selections. — An'alects, Analec'ta, -lekla. n. pi. A collection of literary fragments. Analepsis, an-a-lep'sis. n. (Med.) Recovery: conva- I lescence. — Analep'tic, a. Corroborating; 'invigora- ! ting: giving strength after disease. — n. Restorative | medicine. Analogy, an-aKo-jT, n. A likeness in some respects, between tilings otherwise different. (Geom) Equal- ity, proportion, or similarity of ratios. — AnaJ/ogous, -gus,a. Correspondent. —Anal 'ogously, m/i-.— An- alogue, -log, n. — Anal'ogon, n. A thing analogous to some other thing. Analysis, an-aKT-sis. n. ; pi. Anai/yses, -sez. Areso- ! lution of any thing into its constituent elements; — i opp. to synthesis. (Cheui.) Separntion of a compound into its constituents. (Logic.) The tracing of things to their source: reserving of knowledge into its orig- | inal principles. (Math.) The resolving of problems j by equations. — Analyst, an'a-list. n. One who, etc. — Analytic, -ical, a. Pet. to, or fond of, etc. — Analytically, rulv. — Analytics, n. The science | of analysis. — An'alyze, -liz, r. t. [ analyzed (-hzd), : -lyzing.] To separate into component parts : to re- i ! ;/l--,- <£_W |v ^ Anhelation, an'he-la'shun, n. Short breath; difficult respiration. Anil, anil, n. {Bot.) A shrub whose leaves and stalks yield indigo. — Anile, anil, n. A dark blue color. — Aniline, an'Y-lin or -lin, n. A dyeing material obtained from indigo, also from benzole in coal tar. — a. Pert, to dyes made from aniline. Anile. anil, a. Old womanish; imbecile. — Anility, -nil-i-tT. An'ileness, -Tl-nes, n. Dotage. Animadvert, anl-mad-verf, v. i. To turn the mind with intent to notice; to consider by way of crit- am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; gdd, tone, 6r ; ANIMAL 17 ANTEDATE icism or censure ; to remark, comment. — Animad- version, -ver'shun, n. Remarks by way of criti- cism, etc. ; strictures ; blame. — Animadver'sive, -siv, a. Having the power of perceiving. — Ani'mad- ver'ter, n. Animal, an'T-mal, n. An organized living being hav- ing sensation and power of voluntary motion; an irrational being, as disting. fr. man. — a. Of, or rela- ting to, animals; pert, to the merely sentient part of a creature ; consisting of the flesh of animals. Animalcule, an-i-maPkul, -culum, n. ; pi. - cula, -la. An animal invisible, or nearly so, to the naked e3'e. [Animalculse, as if from a Lat. singular animalcula, is a barbarism.] Animate, an'T-mat, v. t. To give natural life to ; to enliven, incite. — a. Alive. — Animated, p. a. En- dowed with animal life; full of life; spirited; lively. — Anima'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. ; vivacity; spirit; sprightliness. Animosity, an'T-mos'i-tY, n. Violent hatred; active enmity; rancor; malignity. Animus, an't-mus, n. Intention; spirit ; temper. [L.] Anise, an'is, n. A plant bearing aromatic seeds. Ankle, an'kl, n. The joint which connects the foot with the leg. — Anklet, n. An ornament for the ankle. Annals, an'nalz, n. pi. A history of events in chro- nological order; a series of historical events; an an- nual publication. — An'nalist, n. A writer of an- nals. Anneal, an-neK, v. t. [annealed (-neld'), anneal- ing.] To heat nearly to fluidity and then cool slowly, to render less brittle ; to temper. To heat, as glass, in order to fix colors. Annex, an-neks', v. t. [annexed (-nekstQ, annex- ing.] To unite at the end; to affix; to add; to con- nect, esp. as a consequence, —n. An extension of a building ; a subsidiary building ; an addition to a document.— Annexation, -a'shun, Annexion, -nek r - shun, n. Act of annexing; addition; union. (Law.) Union of property with a freehold, forming a fix- ture. — Annexationist, n. An advocate of, etc. — Annex'ible, a. That may be, etc. — Annex'ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; thing annexed. Annihilate, an-ni'hl-lat, v. t. To cause to cease to be; to destroy the form or properties of . — Anni'hila'"- tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. ; destruction. — Anni'lula'tionist, n. (Tkeol.) One who believes that eternal punishment consists in annihilation ; a destructiomst. — Anni'hilatory, -rt, a. Tending to, etc.; destructive. Anniversary, an-ni-ver'sa-rY, a. Returning with the year at a stated time. — n. A day celebrated each year. Annomination, an-nom'i-na'shun, n. A pun; a para- nomasia ; alliteration. Annotate, an r no-tat, v. i. To make annotations or comments. — An'notator, -ter, n. A commentator. Annotto, an-nofto, Arnat'to, Arnofto, n. A yellow- ish-red vegetable dyeing material. . Announce, an-nowns', v. t. [announced (-nownsf), announcing.] To give first notice of ; to make known, publish, advertise. — Announce'ment, n. — Act of, etc. ; declaration. — Announ'cer, n. Annoy, an-noi', v. t. [annoyed (-noid'), annoying.] To injure or disturb by repeated acts ; to incom- mode, vex, plague. — Annoy'ance, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. ; that which annoys. — Annoy r - er, n. Annual, an r u-al, a. Returning or happening every year; yearly; performed in a year; lasting only one year or season. — n. A thing happening yearly; a work published once a year; a plant that lasts"but one year or season. Annuity, an-nu'Y-tY, n. A sum of money, payable yearly. — Annuitant, n. One who has an annuity. Annul, an-nuV, v. t. [annulled (-nuldO, annu'l- ; to ling.] To make void or of no effect nullify, set aside. — Annulment, n. Act of, etc repeal, Annulet, an'u-let, n. A little ring. (Arch.) A small flat fillet, encircling a column, etc. (Her.) A little circle borne as a charge_in coats of arms. Annumerate, an-nu'mer-at, v. t. To add to a num- ber. — Annumeration, -a/shun, n. Annunciate, an-nun'shY-at, v. t. To announce. — Annunciation, n. Act of, etc. ; a festival, celebrated March 25th, in memory of the angel's announce- ment to the Virgin Mary. — Annun'ciator, -ter, n. Anodyne, an'o-dln, n. Medicine which allays pain. I — a. Assuaging pain. Anoint, a-noinf, v. t. To pour oil upon; to rub with unctuous substances; to consecrate, by unction ; to smear or daub. — Anoint'ed, n. The Messiah. Anomaly, a-nonr'a-lY, -alism, -lizm, n. Deviation from common rule or analogy; irregularity. (As- tron.) Angular distance of a planet from its perihel- ion, as seen from the sun ; angle measuring appar- ent irregularities in the motion of a planet. — Anom / '- alous, -lus, a. Abnormal. — Anom'alously, adv. Anon, a-non', adv. Quickly ; immediately ; at an- other time ; again. Anonymous, an-non'Y-mus, a. Wanting a name ; without the real name of the author ; nameless. — An'onyme, -nim, n. An assumed name. — Ano- nymity, -nim^Y-tY, n. State of being, etc. Anorexia, an-o-reks'Y-a, An'orexy, -Y, n. (Med.) "Want of appetite. Another, an-uS^er a. Not the same; different; one more; any other. Anourous, Anurous, an-oo'rus, a. Without a tail. Ansated, an'sa-ted, a. Having a handle. Anserine, an'ser-in, -serous, -us, a. Pert, to, or like a goose, or its skin; silly. Answer, an'ser, v. t. [answered (-serd), answer- ing.] To speak or write in return to; to refute; to be or act in return to. — v. i. To make response; to be accountable, liable, or responsible; to be or act in return; to conform; to suit. — n. Something said, written, or done, in return; a mathematical so- lution. — An'swerable, a. Capable of being an- swered ; obliged to answer ; liable to pay, indem- nifv, or make good ; responsible ; suitable ; equiva- lent. Ant, ant, n. An emmet ; a pismire. — Anfbear, -bar, -eater, -et'- er, n. An animal that feeds uDon ants. — eggs, n.pl.The lar- va3 of ants, which are ~ incased in sacs resem- bling eggs. "*3 — -hill, n. A nest of ants. Antagonist, an-tag'o- Anteater. nist, n. One who contends with another; adversary; opponent. — Antagonistic, -ical, a. — An'tago- nist'ically, adv. — Antagonism, -nizm, n. Opposi- tion of action ; counteraction or contrariety of things or principles. — Antagonize, -niz, v. t. To act in opposition; to contend. Antalgic, an-taKjik, a. Alleviating pain. Antaphrodisiac, ant / af-ro-diz / 'Y-ak, a. (Med.) Less- ening venereal desire. — n. Anti-venereal medicine. Antarctic, ant-ark'tik, a. Opposite to the northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or to the region near it. Antarthritic, anfar-thrifik, a. Counteracting gout. — n. A remedy for, etc. Antecede, an-te-secK, v. t. To go before in time. — An- tecedent, a. Going before ; prior ; previous. — n. That which, etc.; pi. the earlier events of one's life. (Gram.) The noun to which a relative refers. (Logic.) The first of two propositions in an enthy- meme; the first and conditional part of a hypothet- ical proposition. (Math.) The first of two terms of a ratio. — Antecedently, adv. Previously. — An- tecessor, -ser, n. One wno goes before; a leader; one who possessed land before the present possessor. Antechamber, an'te-cham'ber, An'teroom, -room, n. A room leading to the chief apartment. Antecommunion, an'te-com-mun'yun, ».. The part of the Anglican liturgy which precedes the conse- cration of the elements in the communion. Antecursor, an / te-ker /, ser, n. A forerunner. Antedate, an'te-dat, n. A date before the true time. sun, cube, full ; moon, fdfjt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. ANTEDILTJVIAL 18 ANY — v. 1. To date before the true time- to anticipate; to take before the true time. Ante-diluvial, an'te-di-lu'vi-al, Antediluvian, a. Be- fore the deluge. Antelope, an'te-lop, n. A ruminant quadruped, in- termediate between the deer and goat. Antemeridian, an'te-mc-rid'f-an, a. Bciore noon. Antemuiidane, an-te-mun / 'dan, a. Before the creation of the world. Antenatal, an-ic-natal, a. Before birth. Antenna, an-ten r na, a. ; pi. As- tex'XxE, -ne, a. (Zobl.) A mova- ble, articulated organ of sensa- Antelope, tion, attached to the heads of insects and Crustacea. Antenuptial, an-te-nup'shal, a. Before marriage. Antepaschal, an-te-pas'kal, a. Before Easter. Antepenult, an'te-pe-nulf, An'tepenulfi-ma, n. (Pros.) The last syllable but two of a word. Anterior, an-te'rl-or, a. Before in time or place; for- mer ; foregoing. — Anteriority, -or'i-tT, n. Prece- dence. Anthem, an'them, n. Church music adapted to pas- sages from the Scriptures: a motet. Antherncrrhagic, ant'hem-or-raj'ik, a. (Med.) Tend- ing to stop Jiemorrhage. Anther, anther, h. (Bot.) That part of the stamen containing the p oilen. — Anther- if'ercus, -er-us, a. Producing, etc. Anthesis, an-the'sis, n. (Bot.) The opening of a flower. — AnthoKogy, a. xV discourse on flowers ; collection c /. of flowers ; a collection of beautiful passages from authors. Anthony's Fire, an'to-niz -fir, n. The erysipelas. Anthracite, an'thra-sit, ?t. A hard mineral coal. — Anthracene, -sen, -cine, -sin, a. (C/iem.) A solid hy- drocarbon produced in . distilling coal-tar ; paranaphthaline. Anthropogeny, an-thro-poj'e-ni, The develonment of man. — Anthre- pog'raphy, n. (Phys. Geog.) The Anther, distribution of the human race.— a, ovary; Anthropoid, a. Resembling man. b, style; — Anthropology, -jT. n. The n at- c, stigma; ural history of the human species; dd, filaments; science of man. considered in his ee, anther-. entire nature. — An / thropomor / 'phi5m. -mortizm, n. Representation of the Deitv as having human form or attributes. — An'thropomor'phite, -fit, n. A believer in, etc. — Anthropomorphous, -fus, a. Resembling a man. — An'throponh'asi, -pofa-jl, n. pi. Man-eaters; cannibals. — Anthropoph'agy, -ji, n. Cannibalism. Antic, antik, a. Odd ; fanciful : fantastic : ludi- crously wild. — n. A buffoon ; odd appearance. Antichlor, antT-klor, n. (Chen.) Any substance used to remove chlorine after bleaching. Antichrist, antT-krist, n. An adve-sirv of Christ: the man of sin. — Antichristian, -kris'chun, n. An opposer of Christianity. — a. Onposinsr, etc. Anticipate, an-tis'T-pat", u. t. To take "or do before another, so as to prevent him: to take up beforehand, or befo-e the proper time ; to foresee ; to expect. — Anticipation, -pa'shun, n. Act of , etc. ; previous view or impression: foretaste: preconception ; fore- thought.— Anticipative, -tis'i-pa-tiv, a. — Antic- ipator, n. — Antictpatory, a. Taking before time. Anticlimas, an-tl-kli'maks, n. A sentence in which the ideas fall, or become less important, at the close. Anticlinal, an-tT-klitial, a. Marking inclination in op- posite directions. — n. The crest-line from which st-ata dip in onnosite directions; the anticlinal axis. Antidote, antT-'dot, n. That which tends to counter- act poison, etc.— Antidotal, -dottcal, a.— Anti- do'tally, -dcttcally, aiv. Lntifebrile, an-tT-febtil or -: Antifebrile, an-tT-±eb*nl w -fe'b-il, a. Abating f eve Antimony, ant'i-mo-nT, n. A whitish. b-ittTe metal used in medicine and the arts. — Antimo'nial, a. Of or pert, to, etc. — n. A p-eparation of, etc. Antinomy, antT-no-mT or -tin'o-mT, n. Opposition of one law or rule to another ; a thing contrary. — An- tino'iiiian, a. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect .-aid to maintain, that, under the gospel dispensation, the moral law is of no obligation. Antipapal, an-ti-pa r pal, -papisttc, -icai, a. Opposing the papacy or popery. Antipathy, an-tip^a-tiiY. n. Aversion at the presence of. a particular object ; dislike ; contrariety. (Nat. Phil.) A contrariety in the properties or affections of matter. Antiphlogistic, an'ti-flo-jistik. a. (Chem.) Opposed to the doctrine. of phlogiston. (Jled.) Counteract- ing inflammation. — n. Medicine or diet which, etc. Antiphon, anti-i'on, Antiphony, -tifo-nl, a. (Mits.) An anthem or psalm sung in alternate parts: a re- sponse. — Antiphtnal, Antiphon'ic, -phon'ical, a. — Antiph'onal, n. A book of antiphons or anthems. Antiphrasis, an-tiita-sis, n. (Rhct.) Use of words in a sense opposite to their proper meaning; irony.— Antiphrastic, -frastik, -tical, a. Antipode._ antT-pod, n.; pi. Antipodes, -podz or -tip'5-dez. One of those who live on opposite sides of the gloDe, and whose feet are directly opposite. Antipope, antT-pop, n. One who usurps the" popedom. Antique, an-tek', a. Old; ancient; of old fashion: made in imitation of antiquity. — ". Anything very old ; a remnant of antiquity ; relic. — Antiq'- uity, -tik'wr-tl, n. Ancient times, or their peo- ple; great age. pi. Remains of, etc. — Antiquarian, -kwatf-an. a. Pert, to- antiquity: — n. An anti- quary. — Antiquatianism. n. Love of. etc. — Anti- quary, a. One versed in, etc. — An'tiquate, -kwat, v. t. To make obsolete, old, or void. — Antiquated, p. a. Grown old. or out of fashion; out of u^e. Antisabbatarian, an / tY-sab / ba-ta' r ri-an, a. Opposed to the observance of the Sabbath. — n. One who, etc. Antiscorbutic, an'tT-skor-bu'tik, -bu'tical, a. (Med.) Counteracting scurvy. Antiscriptural, an-tl-skrip / 'chur-al, a. Xot accordant with Scripture. Antiseptic, an-tl-sep'tik, a. Opposing putrefaction. — 7i. A substance which resists or corrects, etc. Anti3lavery, an-ti-sla'ver-T, a. ' Opjwsed to slavery. Antisocial, an-tT-so'shal, a. Adverse to society, or hostile to its existence. Antispasmodic. ar/tT-spaz-mod'ik, Antispastic, aivtl- spas'tik, a. (Med.) Causing a jevulsion of fluids or humors; counteracting spasm. Antistrophe, an-tis'tro-ii, n. (Rhet.) Repetition of words in an inverse order: the turning of an adver- sary's plea against him. (Anc. Lyric Poetry.) Part of a, song or dance, around tiie altar, performed by turning from leit to light, in opp. to the strophe, i which was from right to leit: I he stanza of an ode | following the stroplie. — Antistrophic, -strofik, a. ' Pert, to, etc. Antithesis, an-tith'e-sis, n. ; pi. -kses, -sez. (Bhet.) j An opposition of words or sentiments in the same I sentence; contrast: anything directly opposed to an- other. — Antithetic, -thet'ik, -ical, a. Pert, to, or j containing, etc. — Antithetically, adv. ■ Antitrades, a.p^tfrtradz, n. The Jiighcr winds in the | tropics, which blow in a direction contrary to the 1 trade winds. . . Antitype, an'tY-tlp, n. That which is prefigured by I the type; thus the paschal lamb was a type of which ! Christ is the antitype. ; Antler, anfler, n. A deciduous growth of bone on the head of a cervine animal, resembling horns in I cattle. Anto~omasia, an / tc-no-ma / 'zT-a, n. Use of a proper ! name icr an appellative, as ''a Cicero" for a great orator; conversely, the use of a name denoting rank, office, etc., for him who holds it, as " his majesty " fQT the king. Anvil, an'vil, n. An iron block, upon which metals are hammered and shaped. Ansious, ank'shus, a. Greatly concerned or solici- tous, esp. about something uncertain; accompanied | with anxiety; disturbed; uneasy. — Anz/iousness, AnxKety, ang-zi'e-tT, n. State of being, etc. • Any, en'i', a. One out of many, indefinitely; some; , an indefinite number or quantity, — adv.' To any I extent ; at all. — An'yfcody, -bod-I, n. Any one per- I son out of many; a person of importance. — how, am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Qdd, tone, 6r ; AORIST 19 APPEND adv. In any case; at any rate. — -wise, adv. In any degree. where, -whar, adv. In any place. — -whither, -hwith'Sr, adv. To any place. Aorist, a'o-rist, n. (Gram.) A tense in Greek, which expresses an action as completed in indeterminate past time. Aorta, a-6r1a, n. The great artery from the heart. Apace, a-pas', adv. Quickly; hastily; fast. Apagoge, ap-a-go'je, n. (Logic.) The proving a thing indirectly by showing the impossibility of the contrary thing. Apart, a-parf, adv. Separately; aside; in a state of separation, exclusion, or of distinction; in two or more parts ; asunder. — Apart'ment, n. A room in a building or house. Apathy, ap'a-thi, n. Want, or a low degree, of feel- ing ; indifference; unconcern. — Apathetic, a. — Au'athist, n. One who is, etc. Ape, ap, n. A quadrumanous mammal haying teeth Tike man, and neither tail nor cheek pouches; one who imi- tates servilely, like the_ape; a dupe.—?', t. Taped (apd), aping.] To imitate servilely; to mimic. _ Apeak, a-pek', adv. On the point ; in a posture to pierce. (N~aut.) Perpendicular. Aperient, a-pelY-ent, a. (Med.) Having the quality of open- Ape, ing^ laxative. — n. Laxative medicine.— "_ ap'er-chur, n. An opening through solid substance; a hole. Apex, a'peks, n. ; pi. A'pexes ; L. pi. ApIces, ap'f- sez. The top, tip, or summit of anything. Apha3ia, af-a'zhT-a, Aphasy, afa-zT, n. (Med.) Loss of the power of speech, or of memory of words, with- out loss of intelligence or injury to the vocal organs. Aphelion, a-fel'yun, n. ; pi. Aphelia, -feli-a. (As- tron.) That point of a planet's or comet's orbit most distant from the sun. Aphis, a'fis, n. ; pi. Aphides, af'Y-dez. (Entom.) The vine-fretter, or plant-louse. Aphorism, afo-rizm, n. A precept or principle ex- pressed in a few words ; a maxim ; adage. — Aph'- orist, n. A writer of, etc. — Aphoristic, -istlcal, a. Having the form of, etc. — Aphoristlcally, adv. Aphthong, aflhong or aplhong, n. A letter or com- bination of letters having no sound. Apiary, a'pT-a-rY, n. A place where bees are kept ; Dee -house. — Apicul'ture, -chur, n. Rearing of bees. Apiece, a-pes', adv. To each; each by itself. Aplomb, a/plox, ri. Assurance; sell-possession. [F.] Apocalypse, a-pok'a-lips, n. Revelation; disclosure; the last book in the Bible. — Apoc'alyplic, -lyp'- tical, a. Containing or pertaining to, etc. — ApoV- alyp'tically, adv. Apocope, a-pok'o-pe, n. The cutting off of the last letter or syllable of a word. — Apoc'opate, v. t. To cut off, etc. Apocrypha, a-poklY-fa, n. pi. Books whose inspira- tion is denied, and which are excluded from the canon of the Scripture. — Apoclyphal, -fal, a. Pert, to, etc.; not canonical; of uncertain credit; spurious. Apode, ap'od, re. An animal that has no feet; a fish having no ventral fins. — Ap'odal, a. Apogee, ap'o-je, re. (Astron.) The point in the orbit of the moon most distant from the earth. Apology, a-poKo-jr, re. Something said or written in defense or justifications expressed regret for some injurious remark or act; anything provided by way of substitute; a makeshift. — Apologetic, -jetlk, -getlcal, a. Excusatory or defensive. — Apologef- ic3, n. (Thcol.) The defense of the Scrintures, and evidence of their divine authority. — ApoKo- gi3t, -jist, n. One who makes an apology. — Apolo- gize, -jlZ, V. 1. [APOLOGIZED (-jizd), -GIZINO.] To make, etc. — Ap ologue, -log, n. ' A mora I fable. Apoplexy, ap'o-plek-sf, n. A disease characterized hy sudden loss of sense and voluntary motion, usu- ally caused by pressure on the brain. Apo3ioi08Si3, a-po'sY-o-pe'sis, n. (Rhet.) An abrupt breaking off/as if the speaker was unable or un- willing to say what he had in mind. Apostasy, a-posla-si, n. Total desertion of one's faith, principles, or party. — Aposlate, -tat, n. One who, etc. — a. False, renegade. — Apos'tatize, -tiz, v. i. [-TATiZED(-tizd / '), -tizing.] To abandon, etc. A posteriori, a pos'te-rY-oli. (Logic.) Reasoning a posteriori derives propositions from observation of facts, or principles and definitions from general- izations from facts, or infers causes from effects ; — the reverse of a prior*. (Philos.) Knowledge a pos- teriori is derived from facts through induction or experiment. [L.] Apostle, a-pos'sl, n. A person sent forth to execute some important business ; one of the twelve disci- ples of Christ sent to preach the gospel. —Apos' tie- ship, n. The office, etc. — Apos'tolate, -to-lat, n. Mission ; apostleship. — Apostolic, -tollk, -ical, a. Pert, to an apostle or to the apostles, their times, spirit, or doctrines. — Apostollcally, ad v. — Apos- tollcism, -sizm, -tolicity, -lis'I-M, n. State or qual- ity of being apostolical. Apostrophe, a-poslro-f 1, n. (Rhet.) A turning away from the real auditory, and addressing an imaginary one. (Gram.) Contraction of a word by omitting letters; the mark ['] denoting contraction, — Apos'- trophize, -fiz, v. t. [-phized (-tizd), -prizing.] To address by apostrophe; to contract by omitting, etc. Apothecary, a-poth'e-ka-ri, re. One who prepares drugs for medicinal use. Apothegm, Apophthegm, ap'o-them, n. A short, pithy, and instructive saying ; a precept ; maxim. [Ap- othegm is now the prevalent spelling.] Apothem, ap'o-them, n. (Math.) The perpendicular from the center to a side of a regular polygon. Apotheosis, ap-o-the'o-sis, n. Act of elevating a mortal to the rank of the gods. — Apotho'osize, -siz, v. t. To deify. Anpall, ap-pawl", v. t. [appalled (-pawld'), appal- ling.] To depress with fear; daunt, terrify. — v. i. To occasion fear._ Appanage, ap'pan-aj, re. Land assigned by a sovereign prince to his younger sons; means of sustenance. Apparatus, ap-pa-ralus, n. ; pi. -ratus or -ratuses. Things provided as means to some end; a set of im- plements. Apparel, ap-par'el, re. Coveringfor the body; clothing; raiment; vestment. — v. t- jA ppARELED oc-elled (-eld), -elixg or -elling.] To dress; to cover with something ornamental; to embellish. Apparent. See under Appear. Appeal, ap-peK 4 n. (Law.) Removal of a cause or suit to a superior judge or court for reexamination or review ; right of aopeal ; a summons to answer to a charge. A call for proof or decision, or to grant a favor; resort; recourse. — ?-', i. [appealed (-peld'), -pealing.] (Law.) To remove a cause, etc. To re- fer to another; to call on for aid. — v. t. (Law.) To remove, etc.; to charge with a crime; to accuse.— Appellant, -pellant, re. One who appeals. — Ap- pellate, -lat, a. Belonging to, or having cognizance of, anpeals. — Appellalion, re. Name by which one is called; title; address. —Appellative, -tiv, a. Pert, to a common name.— n. A common, as distinguished from a proper, name. — Appellatively, adv. — Ap- pellators, «. Containing an appeal. —Appellee', re. (Law.) The defendant in, etc.; one wtio is ap- pealed, or> prosecuted, by a private man for a crime. — Appellor, -lor', re. One who institutes an appeal, or prosecutes another for crime. Appear, ap-per', v. i. [appeared (-perd'), appear- ing.] To come or be in sight; to become manifest; to seem, in opposition to reality.— Appear'ance, n. Act of, etc.; thing seen; phenomenon; semblance, Or apparent likeness; personal presence; exhibition of the person; air; manner; mien.— Appear er, n. — Apparent, ap-paf'ent, a. Capable of being seen, or easily seen; plain; certain; evident; nnpearing to the eye, but not true or real ; seeming — Apparently, adv.— Appar'entness, n. — Apparition, -nsh'un, n. Appearance ; thing appearing ; a preternatural ap- pearance; ghost; specter. ,■_"„' Appease, a p-pe*', v. t. [appeased (-pezd'), -peasing.) To make quiet, pacify, comnose, calm. Append, ap-pend', r. f. To hang r-r attach; to add, allnex . _ Append'age, n. Something added as sub- ordinate. — Appendant, n. Thing appended. —a. sun, cube, full ; moon, fdot s cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNbow, chair, get. APPERTAIN 20 AQUA Hanging; annexed. — Append'icle, -I-kl, n. A small appendage. —Appendicular, a. Pert, to, etc.; esp. (Anat.) said of parts of the skeleton attached to the axial column, as the limbs. — Appendie'ulate, -lat, a. (Bot.) Having an appendage, as a Leaf with lobes attached to the petiole. —Append 'ix, n. ; pi. -ixes; L. pi. -ices, -I-sez. Something added ; a concomit- ant; literary matter added to a book. Appertain, ap-per-tan'. v. i. [-taixed (-tand'), -taix- ing.] To belong, relate. — Appur'tenance, n. That which, etc.; an adjunct. Appetence, ap'pe-tens, -tency, n. Strong natural de- sire; sensual appetite; tendency to select. — Ap'pe- tent, a. Very desirous. — Ap'petite, -tit, n. Desire of gratification ; esp. desire for food or drink. — Ap'- petize, -tlz, v. i. To create, or whet, an appetite. — Appetiz'er, n. Something which, etc. Applaud, ap-plawd', v. t. or i. To praise by clapping the hands, acclamation, etc.; to commend; extol; cry up; magnify. — Applaud'er, Applause, -plawz', n. Act of applauding; commendation. — Applausive, -plaw'siv, a. Apple, ap'pl, n. A well-known tree and its fruit; the pupil of the eye. Applique, ap-plek', a. Having a pattern which has been cut out and transferred to another foundation, as in a kind of lace. Apply, ap-plT' r , o. t. [applied (-plid'), -plying.] To lay or place; to put, bring, or carry; to use for a par- ticular purpose; to engage and employ diligently. — v. i. To suit; to have recourse. —Applicable, a. Capable of being applied. — Appli'ably, adv. — Appliance, n. Act of applying, or thing applied; instrument or means. — Ap'plicable, a. Capable or fit to be, etc. ; suitable.— Ap'plicably, adv. — Ap'- plicabiKity, Ap'plicableness, n. Quality of being, etc. — Applicant, n. One who, etc. ; a petitioner. — Ap'plicate, a. Applied to some use. — Applica'- tion, n. Act of applying or laying on, in a literal sense; the thing applied; act of" making request; act of fixing the mind; intenseness of thought. — Ap r - plicative, -tiv, -catory, -to-rT, a. Applying.— n. That which applies. Appoggiatura, ap-pod'ja-too'ra, n. (Mus.) A passing tone preceding an essential tone or an accented part of a measure. [It.] Appoint, ap-point r , v. t. To fix; to establish; to consti- tute, prescribe, allot, assign, equip, — v. i. To deter- mine ; ordain. — Appoint'able, a. Capable of being, etc. — Appointee', n. One who is, etc. — Appoinfer, n. One who, etc. — Appointment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; stipulation; arrangement; es-. tablished order; pi. whatever is appointed for use and management. —Apportion, ap-por'shun, v. t. [-tioned (-shuud), -tionixg.] To divide and assign in just proportion. — Apportionment, n. Apposite, ap'po-zit, a. Very applicable ; fit ; rele- vant; pat. — Ap'positeness, -sition. -zish'un, n. Act of adding; accretion. {Gram.) The state of two nouns (one of which explains the other) put in the same case, without a connecting word' between them. — Apposi'tional, a. Appraise, ap-praz', v. t. [appraised (-prazd'), ap- praising.] To estimate the worth of, esp. by per- sons appointed for the purpose. — Apprais'al, n. A valuation by authority. — Appraise 'ment, n. — Ap- praiser, n. One who, etc.; esp. one appointed and sworn to fix values. [Sometimes pronounced and written, apprize, apprizal, etc.] Appreciate, ap-pre'shl-at, v. t. To set a price on ; to estimate, esteem, value. — v. i. To rise in value. — Appreciable, a. Capable of being, etc. — Appre- ciation, n. A just valuation; increase of value.— Appreciative, -tiv, -ciatory, -rl, a. Having just ap- preciation. — Appreciatively, adv. Apprehend, ap-prc-hend', r. t. To seize or lav hold of; to understand; to entertain suspicion or feai- of ; to arrest, conceive, imagine, dread. — v. i. To be of opinion; to believe. — Apprehensible, a. Ca- pable of being, etc. — Apprehension, -shun, n. Act of seizing; a taking by legal process; a taking in the mind; conception; opinion; faculty by which ideas are c>ncev*ed; distrust or fear of future evil. —Ap- prehensive, -siv, a. Fearful; suspicious; percep- Apprentice, ap-pren'tis, n. One bound to another to learn a trade or art. — v. t. [apprenticed (-tist), -ticing.] To bind out as, etc. —Apprenticeship, n. The condition of, etc.; his time ot service. Apprise, ap-priz', v. t. [apprised (-prizd'), -prising.] To inform; to give notice, verbal or written; to ac- quaint, make known, communicate. Apprize. See Appraise. Approach, ap-proch r , v. i. [approached (-prochtO, -proaching.] To come or go near; to approximate. — v. t. To place near; to come near to. — n. Actor opportunity of, etc. ; access; passage by which build- ings are approached, pi. (Fort.) Works covering ad- vances towards a fortress. — Approach/able, a. Ac- cessible. — Approach'ableness, n. Approbate, ap'pro-bat, v. t. To express or manifest approbation of. [Hare.'] — Approbation, n. Act of approving; consent, on the ground oi propriety; ap- proval ; liking ; attestation. — Ap'proba'tory, -rf, -bative, -tiv, a. Approving, or implying approba- tion. —Approve, -proov', r. t. [approved (,-proovd'), -proving. j To be pleased with; to think well of; to sanction officially. — Approv'able, a. Worth}' of, etc. — Approv'al, n. Act of, etc.; approbation. Appropriate, ap-pro'prl-at, v. t. To set apart for a particular purpose, or for one's self ; to assign. — a. Set apart for a particular use or person; belonging peculiarly; fit; pertinent. — Appropriately, adv.— Appro'pfia'tion, n. Act of, etc.; thing, esp. money, set apart. — Appro'priator, -ter, a. One who, etc. (Law.) One wno has an appropriated benefice. Approve. See under Approbate. \ Approximate, ap-proks'I-mat, a. Near to. (Chem.Sc j Math.) Nearly correct. — v. t. To carry or advance near; to cause to approach. — v. i. To come near; ap- | proach. — Approximately, adv. — Apprcx / ima / '- I tion, n. A coming near. — Approximative, a. Ap- I proaching. Appurtenance. See under Appertain: Apricot, a''prT-kot, n. A fruit allied to the plum. April, a'pril, n. The fourth month of the year. A priori, a prl-oSi. Reasoning a priori deduces con- sequences from definitions formed or principles as- sumed, or infers effects from causes previously known ; — the reverse of a posteriori. [L.J Apron, a'purn or a'prun, n. A cloth, or piece of leather, worn before the body, to protect the clothes. Apropos, ap / ro-po / \ adv. Opportunely ; seasonablj r ; by the way; to the purpose. [F.] Aps, aps, n. The wood of the white poplar. Apse, aps, ??. (Arch.) The domed part of a church, where the altar is placed.— Ap- sis, ap'sis, n. : pi. -sides, -sl- dez. (Astron.) One of the two points in an elliptical orbit which are at the greatest and least dis- tance from the central body. (Arch.) An apse. Apt, a. Fit ; suitable ; having a tendency; liable; ready: quick; dexterous. — Apf- itude, -tud, n. Disposition or tendency; readines"s in learning; docility. — Apt'ly, adv. — Apfness, n. Apteral, ap'ter-al. a. (Entom.) Destitute of wings. (Arch.) Having no columns along the sides, but only in front.— Ap'terous. -us, a. (Entom.) Apteral. Aqua, a'kwa, n. Water, — a Latin word used in chemistry, in significations determined by words annexed. —A. fortis, fSr'tK Nitric acid. — A. ma- rine, mn-ren / ' or marina, -ri'na. A variety of bervl, so called on account of its sea-green color. — A. reg'ia, re'jT-a. Nitro-chloro-hydric acid. — A. vitae, vi'te. Water of life; brandy." — Aqua Sium, n. ; pi. -ria. An artificial pond for rearing aquatic plants; glass tank for aquatic animals. — Aquatic, -kwafik, -ical, a. Pert, to, inhabiting, or frequenting, water. — Aquatics, n. pi. Aquatic sports, — as swimming, rowing, etc. — A'quatint, -tint'a, n. A method of etching by aqua fortis, producing an effect resemb- ling a water-color or India ink drawing. — Aque- duct, ak'we-dukt, n. An artificial conduit for water. —Aqueous, a'kwe-us, a. Of the nature of, or abound- ing with, etc.; watery; made by means of water. — Aqueous hu'mor. A transparent fluid, forming part of the eye. — Aquiform, a'kwT-fSrm, a. In the form of water. Apsis. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r ; AQUILINE 21 ARGUE Aquiline, ak'wT-lm or -lin, a. Belonging to the eagle; . curving; hooked ; prominent, like the beak of an eagle. Arab, ar'ab, n. A native of Arabia; a street vagabond ; a gamin. — Ara- besque, ar'a-besk, n. A species of or- namentation after the Arabian man- ner, intermingling foliage, fruits, etc., with other objects. — a. In the man- y. ner of the Arabians ; relating to the *K style of ornament called arabesque. — / Arabian, a-ra'bl-an, Arabic, ar'a-bik, "tf a. Pertaining to Arabia or Arabians. — Ar'abic, n. The language of, etc. Arable, ar'a-bl, a. Fit for tillage or plow- ing; plowed. Arbalost, ar'bal-est, -balist, -balet. -blast, Arcubalist, ar r ku-ba-list, n. A cross-bow, — Arbalister, Arcubalister, -baKist-er or -ba-lisfer, n. A cross- bowman. Arbiter, ar'M-ter, Arbitrator, n. One Arabesque, empowered to judge and determine, without con- trol; an umpire; one chosen by parties in contro- versy to determine their differences. [L.] — Ar'bi- I trable, a. Arbitrary; determinable. —Arbitrage -trej, re. Judgment by an arbiter, esp. as to traffic in stocks of differing values in different markets. — ; Arbitrament, re. Will; determination; award of ar- bitrators. — Arbitrary, -trer-T, a. Depending on will or discretion ; despotic; bound by no law; ty- rannical; imperious; capricious. —Arbitrarily, atfr. — Arbitrate, -trat, v. t. To hear and decide, as ar- bitrators. —t>. i. To decide; to judge or act as arbi- i trator. — Arbitration, n. Determination by, etc. — Arbitra'trix, Ar'bitress, n. A female arbiter. Arbor, ar'bSr, n. A bower; a seat shaded by trees. (Mach.) A spindle or axis. — Arbo'reous, -re-us, Arbo'real, a. Belonging to, growing on, or of the nature of, trees. — Ar'boricul'ture, -kuKchur, n. Art of cultivating, etc. Arbute, ar'bfit, Arbu'tus, n. The strawberry-tree, an evergreen shrub, whose berry resembles the straw- berry. Arc, ark, n. Part of the cir- cumference of a circle or ' curve. Arcade, ar-lcad', n. A series of arches; a walk arched above; a range of shops along an ar<5hed passage. Arcanum, ar-ka'num, n. ; pi. -jta, -na. A secret. [L.] Arch, arch, a. Cunning or sly; mischievous in sport; roguish. — Arcb/ly, adv. — Arcb/ness, n. Arch, arch, a. Chief; of the first class; principal; — used as a prefix in compounded words, most of which are self-explaining ; as, arch-apostle, arch- conspirator, etc. — Arch-angel, ark-an^jel, n. An angel of the highest order. —-angelic, -an-jel r -, a. Pert, to, etc. bishop, arch-bish'op, re. A chief bishop; a metropolitan. — bish/opric, re. The juris- diction or diocese of, etc. — deacon, arch-de'kn, n. An ecclesiastical dignitary next in rank below a bishop. duke, arch-, n. A grand duke; chief prince; now, strictly, a son of an Emperor of Aus- ti-ia. — duke'dom, n. The jurisdiction of an arch- duke or arch-duchess. — du'eal, a. Pert, to an arch- duke. — duch/ess, n. A princess of the house of Aus- tria. — duch'y, n. Territory or jurisdiction, etc. en'emy, arch-, re. The devil. fiend, arch-fend', n. The chief of fiends. — Archidiaconal, ark'T- J^ di-ak'o-nal, a. Pert, to an arch- deacon.— Archiepiscopacy, ark'T-e-pis'ko-pa-si, n. Estate of an archbishop. — Arch / - iepis'copal, a. Of, or pert, to, etc. ; - 'i|| Arch, arch, «. A curve line or ~Y part of a circle ; any work in ~^ that form, or covered by an arch. — v. t. or i. [arched (archt), arching.] To form an arch, n. Passage under an arch. Archaean, ar-ke'an, a. Ancient. (Geo!.) Pert, to the Arc. earliest geological period. — ArchseoKogy, -ol'o-ji, n. The science of antiquities; a treatise on antiqui- ties or ancient usages, customs, etc. — Ar'chseolog''- ical, a. Relating to, etc. — ArchaeoKogist, w. One versed in, etc. — Archaic, ar-ka'ik, -ical, a. An- cient, antiquated. — Ar'chaism, -izm, n. An ancient or obsolete word or idiom; antiquity of style or use. Archer, arch'er, n. A bowman. — Arcb/ery, n. Art of shooting with a bow. Archetype, ar'ke-tip, n. The original pattern of a work; the model from which a thing is made. Archil, ar'kil, n. A violet dye obtained from sev- eral species of lichen. Archimedean, iir'ki-me-de'an, a. Pert, to Archim- edes. —A. screw, or Archimedes' screw. An instrument for raising water, formed by winding a flexible tube round a cylinder in the form of a screw. Archipelago, ar-kr- pel'a-go, n. Any body of water inter- Archimedes Screw, spersed with isles; a group of isles. Architect, ark'T-tekt, n. One who plans and super- intends the construction of a building; one who builds up. — Architecture, -tek'chur, n. The art or science of building; frame or structure; workman- ship. — Architectural, a. Of, or pert, to, etc. Architrave, ar'ki-trav, n. {Arch.) Lower division of an entablature, the part resting immediately on the column ; an ornamental molding. Archives, ar'kivz, n. pi. Place m which public rec- ords are kept; records preserved as evidence of facts. Archon, ar'kon, n. A chief magistrate in ancient Athens. Arctic, ark'tik, o. Northern; lying far north. — Arc- tic circle. A lesser circle 23 p from the north pole. Arcubalist. See under Arbalest. Ardent, ar'dent, a. Hot or burning; much engaged; intense; fierce; vehement; fervent. —Ardor, ar / cler, n. Heat; warmth of passion or affection; eagerness. Arduous, ard'u-us, «. High or lofty; attended with great labor, like climbing heights; difficult. Are, ar. Present indie, pi. of the substantive verb, ety- mologically a different word fr. be, am, or was. Are, ar, n. (Metric Syst.) A measure of surf ace ; 100 sq. meters, or 119.6 so. yards. Area, a're-a, n. Any plane surface; the inclosed space around a building; a sunken space around a base- ment. (Geom.) Superficial contents of any figure. Arena, a-re'na, n.;pl. Are'nas, -naz; L. pi. Aee'n^e, -ne. (Rom. Antiq.) The area in an amphitheater, for gladiators, etc., which was covered with sand; any place of public contest. Areola, a-re^o-la, n. ; pi. -olj>, -le. An interstice or small space; the colored ring around the nipple, also around certain vesicles. Areopagus, ar-e-op'a-gus, n. A tribunal at Athens, held on a hill named for Ares, or Mars. Argand lamp, ar'gand. A lamp having a hollow wick under a glass chimney, producing a strong light. — A. burner. A ring-shaped gas-burner, admitting a - current of air through the center. Argent, ar'jent, a. Silvery; bright like silver. — n. The white color on a coat of arms. — Ar'gentan, ?i. Ger- man silver. — Argentiferous, -us, a. Containing, etc. Argil, ar'jil, n. (Min.) Clay or potter's earth ; some- times pure alumina. —Argillaceous, -la'shus, a. O.f the nature of, etc. — Argilliferous, -er-us, a. Pro- ducing, etc. Argive, ar'jiv, a. Pert, to Argos, in Greece. Argonaut, ar'go-nawt, re. One who sailed to Colchis with Jason, in the Argo, in quest of the golden fleece. (Zobl.) The nautilus. — Argosy, ar'go-sT, n. A large shin. Argot, ar-go', n. The secret language of thieves, tramps, etc.; flash; cant. Argue, ar'gu, v. i. [argued (-gud), -guing.] To use arguments ; to reason; to contend in argument, dispute, — v. t. To debate or discuss, prove.— Argu- ment, n. A proof or means of proving ; process of sun. cube, full ; moon, fot)t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. ARHYTHMOUS 22 ARROW reasoning; subject-matter, or abstract of the subject- matter, of a discourse, writing, picture, etc. — Argu- mentative, -tiv, a. Containing or addicted to, etc. — Argumen'tum ad hom'inem. Unexpected conse- quences pressed against a man, from his own prin- ciples or conduct. [L.] Arhythmous, a-rith'mus, a. (Med.) Without rhythm or regularity, as the pulse. £ria, a'ri-a, n. (Mus.) An air or song: a tune. — Arietta, -et'ta, Aristts, -el', n. A little aria. Arian, a'rf-an, a. Pert, to Arius, or his doctrines. — n. A believer in Arius's doctrine, that Christ was only a superangelic being. Arid,\ir'"id, a. Dry; parched up with heat. Aright, a-nt', adv. Rightly ; without mistake. Arise, a-riz'. v. i. [arose (-roz'), arising (-riz'ing), arisen (-rizn / ').] To come or get up higher ; to mount, ascend, rise; to come into action, being, or notice; to proceed, issue, spring. Aristocracy, ar-is-tok'ra-sT, «. A form of govern- ment, in which the supreme power is vested in a privileged order; nobility or chief persons in a state. — Aristocrat, -ris'to-krat or ar'is-, n. One who fa- vors, etc. ; a proud or haughty person. — Ar'istocraf- ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, consisting in, or partaking of, etc. — Aristocrat 'ically, adv. — Aris'tocratism, n. Habits or principles of, etc. Arithmancy, ar'ith-man'si or a-rith^man-sf, n. The foretelling of future events, by means of numbers. — Arithmetic, n. Science of numbers; art of com- putation by figures. — Arithmetical, a. According to, etc. —Arithmetically, a-lv. — Ar'ithmeti'cian, -tish'an, n. One skilled in, etc. Ark, ark, n. A chest, such as contained the Jews' ta- bles of the covenant; Noah's vessel during the del- uge; a large boat for transporting bulky articles. Arm, arm, n. The limb between the shoulder and the hand ; anything resembling an arm, as the branch of a tree, or an inlet of water from the sea; power; might. (Naut.) The end of a yard; part of an anchor. (Mil.) A branch of the military ser- vice; an instrument of warfare. — n. pi. Instru- ments or weapons of offense or defense ; deeds or exploits of war. (Her.) Ensigns armorial. — v. t. [armed (armd), arming.] To. furnish with weap- ons; to add strength, force, etc.; to furnish with means of defense. — v. i. To be provided with means of attack or resistance; to take arms. — Arm'chair, -char, n. A chair with arms to support the elbows. hole, -hoi. n. The cavity under the shoulder; arm- pit; a hole for the arm in a garment. — pit, n. The hollow under the shoulder. — Arm 'ful, m. ; j>l. -fuls. As much as the arms can hold. less, a. Without arms. — like, a. Of the form of, etc. — Coat of arms, n. (Her.) A habit worn by knights over armor; an armorial device. — Stand of arms, n. A complete set for one soldier.— Small arms, n. Those not requir- ing carriages. — Ar'mament, n. A body of forces equipped for war ; arrangements for defending a fortification ; ships' guns and munitions. — Ar'- mat"ure,-ma-chur, n. Armor. (Magnetism.) Apiece of iron connecting the poles of a magnet, or electro- magnet, to complete the circuit. — Ar'mistice, -tis, n. A temporary cessation of arms; a truce. — Arm'- or, -er, n. Defensive covering for the body or for ships. — Arrn'or-bear^er, n. One who carries anoth- er's armor or arms; an esquire — Ar'morer, n. One who makes or has charge of, etc. — Armourial, a. Belonging to armor, or to a family escutcheon. — Ar'mory, n. Apbce where arms, etc., are kept or manufactured. (Her.) _Science of coat-armor. Armada, ar-ma'da or -ma'da, n. A fleet of armed ships; esp. the Spanish fleet sent against England, a. d. 1.5S8. [Sp.j Armadillo, iirma-dillo, _~=>za3=r=r= T -^ V..^ ; \. n. (Zool.) An animal ^ - : ^>C ■ ■■ . - of South America, hav- ^fe. ; ing the body encased /3gi : ; Ancillary, ar'n -;:.-- a. Pert, to, or resem- "^^^=^?- -^S-- bling, a bracelet or ring; consisting of Armadillo, rings or_ circles. —A. sphere. An instrument con- sisting rings, of all circles of the same sphere, repre- senting the circles of the ce- lestial sphere. — Ar'millate, -lated, a. Furnished with bracelets. Arminian, ar-min'T-an, n. A follower of Arminius, who denied predestination and kindred doctrines.— a. Pert, to Arminius or Ms princi- ples. Armure, ar'mur, n. A wool- en fabric, twilled, or woven . with ribs on the surface. [F.] ■ Army, ar'nil, n. A body ol men armed and organized for war: a great number"; a h Q St ° Armillary Sphere. Arnica, ar'nt-kai n. (Bot.) A plant used in medicine as a narcotic and stimulant. — Ar'nicine, -nl-sin, n. A bitter resin, the active principle of arnica. Aroma, a-ro'ma, n. The fragrant quality in plants. — Aromatic, ar-o-ma fik, -ical, a. Pert, to, or con- taining, etc.; fragrant: spicy. —Aromatic, n. A plant, drug, or medicine, fragrant, and usually pun- gent in taste. — Aromatize, -ro'ma-tiz or ar'o-ma-tlz, v.t. [aromatized (-tizd), -tizing.] To impregnate with, etc. — Aro'matous, -tus, o. Containing aroma. Around, a-rownd', prep. On all sides of ; about ; from one part to another of. — adv. In a circle; on. every side ; at random ; here and there. Arouse, a-rowz', v. t. Taroused (-rowzd r ), arous- ing.] To awaken suddenly, excite, animate. Arpeggio, ar-ped'jo, n. (Mas.) The production of the tones of a chord in rapid succession, and not simultaneously. Arpent, fir' pent, n. A French land measure, used in Louisiana, where it contains 4,0SS sq. yards. [F.] Arquebu3e, ar-'kwe-bus, n. A hand-gun, fired from a hook or rest. Arrack, ar'rak, n. A spirit obtained from rice or the cocoa-nut tree, etc. Arraign, ar-ran', v. t. [arraigned (-rand'), -raign- ing.J (Laiv.) To call or set to answer at the bar of a court; to call in question, impeach, censure. Arrange, ar-ranj', r. t. [arranged (-ranjd'), -ran- ging.] To put or place in proper order; to adjust or settle. — Arrange 'ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; result of arranging; classification; settlement; adjustment by argeement. (Mus.) Adaptation of a composition to voices or instruments for which it was not written; a piece so adapted. Arrant, ar'rant, a. Very bad; notorious. Arras, ar'ras, n. Tapestry; hangings, — made first at Arras in the Netherlands. Array, ar-ra r , n. Order; disposition in regular lines; posture for fighting ; an orderly collection ; dress; raiment. (Laiv.) A ranking of a jury as impan- eled in a cause; the panel itself; the whole body of jurors summoned to attend the court. — v.t. [ar- rayed (-rad'), -raying.] To dispose in order ; to deck or dress. (Laiv.) To set in order, as a jury; to call them man by man; to draw out, arrange, en- velop. Arroar, ar-rer', n. sing., Arrears', n. pi. That which is behind in payment, or remains unpaid, though due, — Arrearage, -ej, n. The part of a debt unpaid. Arrect, ar-rekf, Arrect'ed, a. Lifted up; raised; erect. Arrest, ar-resf, v. t. To check or hinder the motion or action of. (Law.) To take or apprehend by au- thority. To seize on and fix ; to obstruct, delay, check^ stop. —n. (Law.) The taking or apprehend- ing of a person; any seizure, or taking by power; hindrance. Arrive, ar-riv', v. i. [arrived (-rivd'), -riving.] Lit., to come to the shore; to come; to gain or com- pass an object by effort, practice, study, etc. — Ar- rival, n. Act of arriving; attainment or gaining of any object: person or thing arriving. Arrogate, ar'ro-gat, v. t. To claim unduly; assume. — Abrogative, -tiv, a. Arrogant.— Ar'fogance, n. Undue assumption of importance; haughtiness. — Ar'rogant, a. Assuming undue importance; over- bearing ; presumptuous. — Ar'rogantly, adv. Arrow, ar'ro, n. A pointed weapon to be shot from a am. fame, far, opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r : ARSENAL 23 ASPIRE bow.— Ar'row-head'ed, -hed'ed, a. Shaped like the head of an arrow; — esp. applied to the wadge- shaped, or cuneiform, alphabetical characters found in inscriptions at Persepolis, Nineveh, Babylon, etc. — Ar'rowroot, -root, n. A tropical plant, and the starch which it yields. Arsenal, ar'se-nal, n. A public establishment for the manufacture or storage of arms. Arsenic, ar'se-nik, ?). (Min.) A metal of a steel gray Color, and brilliant luster. (Com.) Arsenious acid ; — a virulent poison, called also oxide of arsenic, white arsenic, and ratsbane. Arsis, ar'sis, n. (Pros.) The part of a foot marked by a greater stress of voice. Arson, ar'sn, n. (Law.) Malicious burning of build- ings or ships. Art, art. Second person sing., indie, mode, pres. tense, of the verb to be, but from were. Art, art, n. Employment of means to accomplish an end; a system o£ rules for performing actions, — opp. to science; power of performing certain actions, acquired by experience, study, etc.; cunning; arti- fice ; duplicity. — Art'fal, -iuf, a. Made, performed with," characterized by, or using art or skill: prac- ticing stratagem; e ratty. — Art 'fully, adv. — Art'- fulness, n. — Ar'tifice, -ti-fis, n. Artful or skillful , contrivance; fraud. — Artificer, -tif'i-ser, n. A skillful workman in some art; one who constructs and contrives. — Artificial, -fish/al, a. Made or contrived by art; factitious; hence, feigned; ficti- tious; cultivated; not indigenous. — Artificially, adv. — Artifi'cialness, -cial'ity, ar-tT-fish't-al'i-tl, • n. — Artisan, -zan, n. One skilled in any mechan- ical art; a handicraftsman. — Artist, n. One who professes and practices one of the liberal arts. — Ar- tiste, ar-test', n. One who is dexterous and tasteful in almost any art. [E\] — Artistic, -ical, a. Pert, to, or characterized by, art; made in the manner of an artist. — Art1es3, a. Free from art, craft, or stratagem ; ingenuous ; contrived without skill or art; inartificial. Artery, ar'ter-i, n. One of the vessels which convey the Dlood from the heart to all parts of the body; an important channel of communication. Art93ian, ar-te'zhan, a. Pert, to Artois in France. — A. wells. Wells bored into the earth to reach water, which flows from internal pressure. Artichoke, ar'tt-chok, n. An esculent plant resem- bling a thistle. Article, ar'tl-kl, n. A distinct portion of any writing, consisting of particulars; a clause in a contract, ac- count, treaty, etc.; a distinct part; a particular com- modity or substance. (Gram.) One of the three words, a, an, the. — v. 1. [articled (-kid), -cling. J To set forth in distinct articles; to bind by articles of covenant. — i'. i. To ag/ee bv articles; to stipu- late. — Artic'ulate, a. (Nat. Hist.) Formed with joints. Distinctly uttered; clear, —n. (Zo'61.) An animal having the body and members jointed. — v. t. To joint; to unite by a joint; to form into ele- mentary sounds. — v. i. To utter articulate sounds; to enunciate. —Artic'ula'tion, n. (Anat.) Junction of the bones of a skeleton. (Bot.) Connection of the parts of a plant by joints, as in pods; one of the joints, as in cane and maize; one of the parts be- tween joints. Utterance of the elementary sounds of language. Artillery, ar-til'ier-i, n. Offensive weapons of war; cannon; great guns; ordnance; the body of men in charge of cannon, etc.; the science of artillery and gunnery. Aryan, ar'yan or ar'T-an, a. Pert, to an ancient people of Central Asia, from whom are supposed to descend the Celtic, Teutonic, Sclavonic, and other races; Indo-European or Indo-Germanic. As, az, adv. Like; similar to; of the same kind with; while; during; in the idea, character, nature, or condition of; for instance; by way of example; thus. Asafetida, -foetida, as-a-fet'Y-da, n. A fetid inspis- sate 1 sap from India, used in medicine. AsbesttB, as-bes'tus, -bes'tos, n. (Min.) A fibrous variety of hornblende and pyroxene, making an incombustible cloth. Ascend, as-send', v. i. To mount; to go up; to rise. — v.t. To go upward upon; to climb. — Ascend'ant, a. Above the horizon; superior; predominant, —n. Superior influence; an ancestor. (Astrol.) The horoscope, or that degree of the ecliptic which rises above the horizon at the time of one's birth. — Ascend'ency, n. Authority; sway; control. — As- cen'sion; n. Act of ascending; esp. the elevation of our Savior to heaven. — Ascent', n. The act of ris- ing; way by which one ascends; an eminence or high place; the angle which- an object makes with a horizontal line; inclination. ■ Ascertain, as-ser-tan', v. t. [ascertained (-tand'), -taining.] To make certain; to establish; to find out for a certainty. Ascetic, as-setlk, n. One who practices undue rigor or self-denial in religious things, —a. Unduly rigid or self-denying. Ascribe, as-krib', v. f. [ascribed (-kribdO, ascrib- ing.} To attribute tOv as a cause or quality; to im- pute; to. assign. — Ascrip'tion, n. Act of ascribing; thing ascribed. Ash, n. A genus of forest, trees, or their wood. — Ash'es, -ez, n.ph Earthy or mineral particles re- maining after combustion; — among chemists, and in composition, used in the sing., as, bone-ash, pearl- ash ; the remains of what is burnt; remains of a dead body.— Ash-Wednesday, -wenz'dl. The first day of Lent. — Ash/y, -I, a. Ash-colored; like ashes. Ashamed, a-shamd', a. Affected by shame; abashed or confused by guilt, impropriety, etc. Ashlar, Ashler," ashler, n. Free-stones as they come from the quarry; hewn stones for facing walls. Ashore, a-shor', adv. On or to shore; on the land. Aside, a-sidl adv. On, or to, one side; apart. — n. A remark in an undertone or by way of parenthesis. Ask. ask, v. t. or i. [asked (askt), asking.] To re- quire: to inquire, petition, beg, claim, demand, inter- rogate. — Ask'er, n. One who asks. — (Zo'61.) A water newt, eft. Askance, as-kans', Askant', adv. Obliquely ; side- wavs: toward one comer of the eye. Askew, a-sku', adv. Sideways; askant; awry. Aslant, a-slant', adv. At a slant; obliquely. Asleep, a-slep', adv. In a state of sleep; at rest; dead. Aslope, a-slop', adv. With a slope or descent. Asp, asp, Aspic, n. A small, hooded, poisonous serpent. Asparagus, as-par'a-gus, n. A culinary plant. Aspect, as'pekt, n. Look; mien; air; appearance to the eye or the mind ; position in rela- tion to the points of the com- pass. (Astrol.) The situation of one planet or star with re- spect to another. Aspen, as'pen, n. (Bot.) A spe- cies of poplar. — a. Pert, to the aspen. Asperate, as'per-at, v. t. To make rough. — Asperity, -p6r'- l-tT, n. Roughness of surface, taste, or sound; harshness of spirit and language; acrimony; moroseness. Asperse, as-pers', v. t. [aspersed (-pSrsf), aspers- ing.] To bespatter with foul reports or injurious charges; to calumniate, slander, defame. — Asper'- sion, -shun, n. A sprinkling, as of water or dust, in a literal sense; spreading of calumnious reports; cal- umny. Asphalt, as-falt'. -phal'tum, n. Mineral pitch; com- pact native bitumen. Asphodel, as'fo-del, n. (Bot.) A perennial plant of the lilv species; daffodil. Asphysia, as-fiks'i-a, -phyx'y, -T, n. (Med.) Apparent death, or suspended animation. — Asphyx'ia'tion, n. The process of producing, or state of, asphyxia. Aspire, as-plr', v. i. [aspired (-pird'), aspiring.] To desire with eagerness; to rise. — Aspir'ant, a. Aspiring ; ardently desirous of rising. — Aspir'ant, Aspir'er, n. One who seeks eagerly. — Aspirate, as'pl-rat, v. t. To pronounce with a breathing or full emission of breath, —n. A letter marked with a note of breathing; a mark of aspiration C^) used in Greek; the rough breathing; anon-vocal conso- Asp. sun, cube, full ; moon, f<56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. ASS 24 ASTRICT Ass. who kills or attempts nant.— a. Pronounced with a rough breathing.— Aspiralion. ?t. Pronunciation of a letter with a strong emission of breath; strong wish or desire. Ass, ass, n. (Zool.) A quadruped of the horse family, having long, slouch- ing ears. A dull, stupid fellow; a dolt. — Asinine, asl-nin, a. Belonging to, or having the qualities of, an ass ; stupid ; obstinate. _ Assail, as-sal'. v. t. [assailed (-said'), assailing.] To at- tack with violence; to attack with a view to change feelings, conduct, etc.: to as- sault, beset, fall upon. Assassin, as-sas'sin, n. 0/ kill bv secret assault. — Assas'sinate, v. t. To mur der bv, etc. — Assas'sina'tkm, ». Act of. etc. Assault, as-sawit', n. A violent attack with blows, weapons, etc., or with words, arguments, appeals, and the like; invasion; incursion; onset; charge. (Law.) An attempt or offer to beat another, but without touching his person: if the blow takes ef- fect, it is battery.— v. t. To attack with, etc. Assay, as-sa"\ n. (Chem.) Determination of the quan-! titv of any metal, esp. gold or silver, in an ore or al- loy: the substance to be assayed: a_trial of weights and measures. — r. t. [assayed (-sad'), assaying.] To subject to chemical examination, etc. — v. i. To j attempt, trv, or endeavor. Assemble, as-sem'bl, v. t. [assembled (-sem'bld), -bling.] To bring or call together; to convene; to congregate. — v. i. To meet or come together: to con- vene. — Assemblage, -blej, n. Act of assembling; collection of individuals, or of particular things. — Assem'bly, bit, n. A company collected in one place, usually for some common purpose; meeting; group. Assent, as-senf, n. The act of assenting, admitting, or agreeing to anything; consent. — v.i. To admit a thing as "true; to'express agreement, or concession. — Assentalion, n. Assent By way of flattery or dis- simulation ; adulation. — Assentalor, -ter, n. A flat- terer or dissembler. —Assent 'er, n. One who assents. Assert, as-sert', v. t. To affirm positively; to aver, vindicate. — Assertion, -ser'shun, n. Act of assert- ing; vindication. — Assertive, -iv, a. Positive ; af- firming confidently. — Assert'or, -er, n. — Asserf- ory, -er-t, a. Affirming: maintaining. Assess, as-ses', v. t. [assessed (-sesf), -sessixg.] To tax; to value for taxation: to determine, fix, estimate. — Assessable, a. Liable to be assessed. — Assess'"- ment, n. Act of, etc. ; valuation ; sum charged. — Assess'or, -er, n. One appointed to assess persons or property. Assets, as'sets, n. pi. Property in possession or money due, as opp. to liabilities. Asseverate, as-sev'gr-at, v. t. To affirm solemnly. — AsseVera'tion, n. Assiduous, as-sid'u-us, a. Constant in attention : sed- ulous: persevering; indefatigable. — Assid'uousness, n. — Assiduity, -t-tT, n. Constant application. Assign, as-sm', v. t. [assigned (-sind'), assign- ing.] To appoint, allot, apportion: to fix, desig- nate. (Law.) To transfer, or make over to an- other ; to transfer to, and vest in assignees, for the benefit of creditors. — n. (Law.) One to whom prop- erty is transferred. — Assignable, a. Capable of being, etc. — Assignation, -sig-na'shun, n. Act of, etc. ; an appointment to meet at given time and place. — Assignee, as-si-ne', n. One to~whoni something is assigned. — Assigner, as-sin'er. n. One who, etc.— Assignment, a. An allotting to a particular person or use. (Law.) A transfer of title by writing; writ- ing by which an interest is transferred; transfer of a bankrupt's property to assignees, for creditors. — Assignor, -sl-norl n. (Law.) One who assigns or transfers an interest. Assimilate. as-siin'T-lat, v. t. To cause to resemble: to convert into a like substance. — v. i. To become similar. — Assimilable, a. Capable of, etc. — As- sinVila'tion, n. Act of assimilating ; state of resem- blance or identity : conversion of nutriment into the substance of the body. — Assim'ilative, -tiv, a. Having power of assimilating. Assist, as-sisf, v. t. To give support to; to succor.— v. i. To help: to attend. — Assist'ance, n. Aid ; re- lief. —Assistant, a. Helping; auxiliary.— n. One who assists. Assize, as-slzl n. Lit., a sitting ; an order or regula- tion, esp. about the weight of bread, etc. (Law.) Periodical sessions of the superior courts in the counties of England, — usually in the pi. — v. t. [assized (-sizdO, -sizing.] To fix the weight, measure, or price of, by authority. Associate, as-so'shl-at, v. t. To join in company as a friend, companion, partner, etc. ; to unite in the same mass.— v. i. To unite in company, —a. Closely connected. — n. A companion: a mate. — Asso'cia'- tion, -shl-a'shun. n. Union; connection; union of persons in a society for some particular purpose.— Asso'cia'tional. a.' Pert, to an, etc. — Asso'cia'- tionalism, n. (Philos.) Doctrine of associationalists. — Asso'cia'tionalist, n. (PMlos.) One who ex- plains the higher functions and relations of the soul by the association of ideas.— Asso'ciative, -tiv, - a. Te'nding or pertaining to association. Assort. as-s6rf, v. t. To distribute into classes; to furnish with all sorts. — Assortlnent, n. Distribu- tion into classes ; things assorted. Assuage, as-swaj', v. t. [assuaged (-swajd'), assua- ging.] To soften; to allay or lessen, as pain or grief ; to appease, soothe, alleviate. Assume, as-suni', v.t. [assumed (-sumd'), assuming.] To take, or take upon one's self; to take for granted, or without proof : to pretend to possess, —v. i. To claim unduly. — Assumption, -sum'shun, n. Act of assuming; supposition: thing supposed. (Logic.) The minor proposition in a categorical syllogism. (Led.) A festival in honor of the ascent of the Vir- gin Marv into heaven. Assure, a-shoor', v. t. [assueed, (-shoord'), assum- ing.] To make sure or certain; to insure. (Law.) To covenant to indemnify for loss. — Assur'ance, n. Act of assuring; a declaration inspiring credit; free- dom from doubt; firmness of mind; intrepidity; im- pudence; insurance; a contract to pay on occasion of a certain event, as loss or death. (Lav:.) Evidence of conveyance of property. — Assur'edly, adv. Cer- tainly": without doubt. I Aster, "asler, n. (Bot.) A genus of plants with radi- j ated compound flowers. — As'terisk, n. The mark [*] in printing and writing. — As'terism, -izm, n. A j small cluster of stars. (Printing.) Three asterisks [*,*] directing attention to a particular passage. — As'teroid, n. (Astron.) One of the small planets revolving between Mars and Jupiter. — As'tral. a. Belonging to the stars ; starry. — As'tral Lamp, n. An Argand lamp having the oil in a flattened ring. — Astrol'ogy. -jl, n. Science of predicting events bv the aspects of the stars. — Astrol'oger, -jer. n. One who pretends to foretell events, etc.— Astro- logic, -lojlk, -ical. a. Pert, to, etc. — Aatron'omy. n. Science of the heavenly bodies. — Astron'omer. n. One versed in astronomy. Astern, a-stern', adv. In, at, or toward, the hinder part of a ship; behind a ship. -Asthma, as'ma or az'ma, n. Disordered respiration, with cough and difficult breathing. — Asthmatic, -ical, a. Pert, to, or affected by, etc. Astir, a-ster', adv. In motion or action. Astonish, as-tonlsh, v. t. To strike dumb with sud- den fear, terror, surprise, or wonder ; to amaze. — Astonishing, a. Of a nature to excite astonish- ment ; surprising; wonderful; admirable: marvel- ous. — Astonishment, n. Confusion of mind from, etc. Astound, as-townd'. v. t. To astonish. Astraddle, a-strad'dl, adv. With the legs across a thing, or on different sides of it. Astray, a-stra', adv. Out of, or from, the right way ; wrong. Astrictl as-trikt', v. t. To constrict ; to contract. — Astric'tion, n. — Astringe, as-trinj r , v. t. [as- &in, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Sdd, t5ne, 6r ; ASTRIDE 25 ATTRIBUTE trixged (-trinjcK), astrixgixg.] To bind fast, constrict, contract. — Astrin'gency, n. Quality of beins- astringent. — Astrin'gent, a. Binding; strengthening; — opp. to laxative. — n. A medicine causing vital"contraction in the organic textures. Astride, a-strid', adv. With the legs apart. Astute, as-tuf, a. Critically examining or discern- ing; shrewd; subtle; sagacious. — Astute'ness, n. Asunder, a-sun'der, adv. Apart; separately. Asylum, a-si'lum, n. ; pi. Eng. Asy'lims, L. Asy'la, -La. A place of refuge: an institution for protection or relief, for the deaf and dumb, insane, etc. At, prep, denoting presence or nearness in place or time (at home, at one o'clock); hence, relations of situation, condition, etc. (at war, at your service); after verbs of motion, direction towards (to run at). Ate. at, pret. of Eat. See Eat. Atelier, at'lT-a or a-teKva, n. An artist's workroom; studio. [F.] Athanasian, ath-a-na'zhan, a. Pert, to Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria, or his doctrines. Atheist, a'the-ist. n. One who denies the existence of God. — A'theism. n. Disbelief in, etc.— Atheist'- ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, etc. ; impious. — Atheist'ically, adv. Atheneum, -naeum, ath-e-ne'um, n.; p>l. Eng. Athexe'- ums, L. -X-EA, -ne'a. A literary or scientific associa- tion; a public library and reading room. Athenian, a-the'nT-an, a. Pert, to Athens, in Greece. Athirst. a-thersf, a. Thirsty: having keen desire. Athlete, ath'let, n. A contender for victory in trials of strength. — Athletic, -lefik, a. Pert, to wrestling, boxing, and other manly exercises; strong; vigorous. Athwart, a-thwawrf, prep. Across. — adv. Sidewise; in a manner to cross and perplex. Atilt, a-tilf, adv. In the position of one making a thrust; with one end raised. Atlas, aflas, n. A collection of map * in a volume ; a volume of plates or tables; a kind of silk- satin; a kind of large drawing paper. (Anat.) The first vertebra of the neck. [Atlas, a Greek demigod, said to bear the world on his shoulders, and whose figure was printed on the title- pages of old atlas- es.] Atmosphere, at'mos- fer, n. {Physics.) The aeriform fluid surrounding the earth ; pressure of the air on a unit of surface ; a gaseous medium. — Atmos- pheric, -fer'ik, -ical, a. Relating to, ex- isting in, or dependent on, etc. Atom, at'om, n. An ultimate or constituent particle of matter; a molecule; anything extremely small. — Afomize, v. t. To reduce to afoms or to fine spray, — said of liquids.— Afomizer. n. (Med.) An instru- ment for converting liquids into spray for inhala- tion, local anaesthesia, etc. Atone, a-ton', v. i. [atoxed (-toncK), atoning.] To stand as an equivalent ; to make reparation, com- pensation, etc.; to expiate. — v. t. To reconcile: to answer or make satisfaction for. — Aton'able, a. — Atone'ment, n. Reconciliation ; reparation made by giving an equivalent for an injury. (Tfieol.) ] The expiation ot sin made by Christ. — Aton'er, n. I Atrocious, a-tro'shus, a. Extremely heinous; enor- ■ inously wicked ; flagrant. — Atro'ciously, adv. — Atro'ciousness, Atrocity, a-tros'i-ti, n. Enormous wickedness or cruelty. Atrophy, afro-f 1, n. A wasting awav from lack of nourishment. Atropia, a-tro'pY-a, Atro'pina. Atropine, -ro-pin. n. -(Cnem.) A very poisonous alkaloid extracted from the Atropa belladonna, or deadly nightshade. Atlas. Attach, nt-tacb/, v. t. [attached (-tachf), attach- ixg.J To bind, fasten, or tie; to take by legal au- thority: to lay hold on, affix, gain over, win. — v. i. To adhere. — Attachment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. ; a passion or affection ; that by which one tiling is attached to another : an adjunct. (Civ. Law.) A seizure by legal process ; the writ com- manding such seizure. — Attache*, at-ta-sha', n. One attached to the suite of an ambassador. [F.] Attack, at-tak', v. t. [attacked (-takf), attack- ing.] To fall upon with force or with unfriendly words; to assail, invade. (C'/iem.) To begin to de- compose, by chemical agents. — n. A falling on with violence, or with calumny, satire, etc.; onset; in- road: charge. Attain, at-tan', v. i. [attaixed (-tand'), attaix- ixg.] To come or arrive, by motion or efforts; to reach. — »'. t. To achieve ; to gain ; to equal. — At- tainable, a. Capable of being, etc. [Improperly used for obtainable, procurable.} — Attain'abil'ity, Attain'ableness, n. — Attain'ment, n. Act of, etc., that which_is, etc.; proficiency in knowledge. Attaint, at-tanf, v. i. To stain; to disgrace. (Law.) To taint or corrupt, as blood: to taint, as the credit of jurors giving a false verdict, —n. A stain; spot. (Law.) A writ to inquire whether a jurv has given a false verdict. (Far.) A wound on a horse's leg, made by over-reaching. Attemper, at-tem'per, v. t. [attempered (-perd), -perixg.] To reduce, modify, or moderate, by mix- ture: to soften; to mix in just proportion; to" make suitable; to adapt. Attempt, at-temf, v. t. To make trial of; to make an attack upon. — v. i. To make an effort or an attack. — n. An essay, trial, or endeavor. Attend, at-tend', v. t. 'To go or stay with; to wait on, accompany; to be united or consequent to. — v. i. To pay attention with a view to perceive, understand, or comply ; heed ; listen : wait or be in waiting. — At- tend'ance. n. Act of. etc.; persons attending; a train; a retinue. — Attend'ant, a. Present, or in the train : accompanying or immediately following, as conse- quential. (Law.) Depending on, or owing duty or service to. — n. One who, or that which, etc. — At- tenf, a. Attentive. — Atten'tion, n. Act of attend- ing or heeding: act of civility; care; respect; regard; notice. — Attentive, -iv, a. Full of attention ; mindful ; civil ; polite. Attenuate, at-ten'u-at, v. t. To make thin, or less viscid; to make slender; to draw out or extend in length, —v. i. To become thin, slender, or fine; to lessen. Attest, at-tesf, v. t. To bear witness to: to give proof of; to call to witness. — Attesta'tion, ft. Testimony; esp., official testimony. — Attesfor, n. Attic, at'tik. a. Pert, to Attica, in Greece, or to its prin- cipal city, Athens.— n. (Arch.) A story in the upper part of a house; a garret. Attire, at-tir', v. t. [attired (-tlrd'), attirixg.] To dress, array, adorn. — n. Clothes; dress. Attitude, at'ti-tud, n. Posture or position. — Attitu'- dinize, v. i. [attitudixized (-nizd), -nizixg.] To assume affected attitudes. Attorney, at-ter'ni, n. ; pi. Attor'xeys. (Law.) One legally appointed by another to transact business for him. — Power of attorney. A document by which one is authorized to transact business for another. — Attorneyship, n. Office of, etc. Attract, at-trakf. v. t. To draw or cause to tend to- ward: to cause to adhere or combine; to allure; to engage. — Attract'able, a. Capable of being, etc. — Attract'abiKity, ». — Attract'ile, -il, a. Having power to attract." — Attraction, -trak'shun, n. (Phi/sics.) An invisible powerin a body by which it draws anything to itself; the powerin nature tend- ing to draw bodies together or to produce cohesion, and resisting separation. Act of attracting: power or act of alluring, inviting, or engaging. — Attract- ive, -iv, a. Having the power ot. etc.: enticing; in- viting. — n. That which, etc. — Attractively, adv. — AttracfivenesB, n. Attribute, at-trib'ut, v. t. To consider as belonging to: to ascribe to; charge. — Attribute, aftrT-hut, n. A thing that may be attributed; inherent quality; essential or necessary property. — Attributable, a. sun, cube, full; moon, f (Jot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbox, chair, get. ATTEITE 26 AUTOPSY Capable of being attributed. —Attribution, n. Act of attributing; quality attributed. — Attrib / 'u- tive, -tiv, a. Relating to, or expressing, an attribute. — n. A word denoting an attribute or quality. Attrite, at-trif, a. Worn by rubbing or friction. — Attrition, -trish'un.M. Act of wearing by friction; abrasion; state of being worn. Attune, at-tun', v. t. [attuned (-tund')i attuning.] To put in tune, arrange fitly, make accordant. Auburn, aw'bern, a. Reddish brown. Auction, awk'shun, n. A public sale of propejty to the highest bidder: a vendue. — Auctioneer', -er^, n. The person who sells, etc. — v. t. To sell by auction. Audacious, aw-da'shus, a. Contemning restraints of law, religion, or decorum ; bold in wickedness. — Auda'ciousness, -dacity, -das'I-tY, n. Daring spirit or confidence; venturcsomeness: presumptuous im- pudence; hardihood; boldness; effrontery; contempt of law or moral restraint. Audible, aw'dt-bl, a. Capable of being heard. — Au- dibil'ity, Au'dibleness, n. Quality of being, etc. — Au'dibly, adv.— Au'dience, n. Act of hearing; ad- mittance to a hearing ; an assembly of hearers. — Au'dit, n. An examination, esp. of accounts, with the hearing of the parties concerned, by proper offi- cers. — v. t. To examine and adjust, as' accounts. — Au'ditor, -er, n. A hearer or listener ; one author- ized to adjust accounts. — Au'ditorship, n. Office of, etc. — Au'ditory, a. Pert, to the sense of hearing. — n. An assembly of hearers ; audience. — Au'dit- ress, n. A female hearer. — Audito'rium, n. The part of a theater, etc., occupied by the audience. Augean, aw-je'an, a. Pert, to Augeus or his stable, containing 3,000 oxen and uncleaned for 30 years ; filthy. Auger, aw'ger, n. A car- penter's boring tool; an in- strument for perforating soils or rocks. Aught, awt,ra. A whit; any- thing ; any part. Augment, awg-menf, v. 1. To enlarge or increase; to make bigger, — v. ?. To grow larger. —Aug 'ment, n. Enlargement by addi- tion ; increase. — Augmen- tation, n. Act of, etc.; Auger, state of being, etc.; thing added. — Augmenfative, -tiv, a. Having the quality of, etc' Augur, aw'ger, n. (Ro:n. Antiq.) One who foretold future events by the actions of birds, or by other signs. One who pretends to foretell future events by omens; a soothsayer. — v. i. [augured (-gerd), auguring (-ger-ing)'.] To conjecture by signs or omens; to prognosticate. — v. t. To predict or fore- tell; to betoken.— Au'gury, n. Foretelling of events, etc. ; an omen : prediction. August, aw-gust', n. Creating extraordi- nary respect and vene- ration ; grand ; impos- ing ; majestic. Au'gust, aw'gust, n. The eighth month of the year. Augustine, aw-gusfin, Augustin'ian, n. (Eccl. Hist.) A monk of an order named from St. Augustine ; Austin friar; White friar. — Au'gustin''- ian, n. One who fol- lows St. Augustine in maintaining that grace is effectual from its nature, absolutely and morally, not relatively Auk? aw kfSf ' A sea- Great Auk - ^ Alca imp^nis.) bird of the Alca family, including the penguin and puffin. Aulic, aw'lik, a. Pert, to a royal court. Aunt, ant, n. A father's or mother's sister. Aural, aw'ral, a. Belonging to the ear. — Au'rist, h. One skilled in disorders of the ear. — Au'ricle, -rl-kl, n. (Anat.) The external ear; one of two mus- cular sacs at tl^e base of the heart, resembling the external ear of some quadrupeds. A kind of ear- trumpet. — Auric'ular, a. Pert, to the ear, or sense of hearing; told in the ear ; secret ; recognized by the ear; traditional. {Med.) Pert, to the auricles of the heart. — n. A circle of feathers surrounding the opening of a bird's ear ; the little finger. Auriferous, aw-rif Sr-us, a. Yielding or producing gold. Aurochs, aw'roks, n. (Zobl.) The Bos urns, or bison, of Poland. Aurora, aw-ro'ra, n. The dawn of day; redness of the sky before sunrise; a species of crowfoot. — Au- ro'ra borea'lis. A luminous meteoric phenomenon, supposed to be of electrical origin; northern lights. — A. austra'lis. Southern lights. Auscultation, aws-kul-ta'shun, n. Act of listening. (Med.) A method of distinguishing diseases,'' esp. in the thorax, by observing sounds, esp. by means of the stethoscope._ Auspicate, aw'spl-kat, v. 1. To give a favorable turn to in commencing. — Au'spice, -spis, n. : pi. Au' spices, -spi-sez. Omen; augury; protection extended; fa- vor shown; patronage.— Auspicial.-spish'al, a. Pert, to auspices. — Auspicious, -spish'us, a. Having omens of success or favorable appearances; lucky; propitious. — , Auspi'ciously, adv. Austere, aw-ster', a. Sour with astringency; severe in modes of judgment, living, or acting; rigid; harsh; rough ; stern. Authentic, aw-thcn'tik, -tical. a. Of approved au- thority ; to be relied on ; true ; certain ; genuine.— Authenticate. >\ t. To establish by proof; to render authentic; to prove to be genuine. — Authen'tica'- tion. n. — Authenticity, -tis'l-tT, n. Quality of be- ing, etc. Author, aw'ther, n. The beginner, former, or first mover of anything ; the creator ; one who writes a book.— Au'thoress. ». A female author. — Author- ship, n. State of being, etc.— Authoritative, -thBr'T- ta-tiv, a. Having authority, or an air of authority ; positive. — Author 'itatively, adv. — Authority, n. Legal or rightful power ; dominion ; persons exer- cising command — chiefly in the pi.; influence of character, office, station, etc.; testimony; witness: the person who testifies; a precedent, decision of a court, official declaration ; a book, containing pre- cedents, etc. ; the name of its author. — Au / thoriza / '- tion, n. Establishment by authority. — Au'thorizs, v. t. [-ized (-Tzd), -izing.] To clo'the with author- ity, empower, legalize: to establish by authority; to give authority, credit, or support to. * Autobiography, aw'to-bi-og'ra-fl, n. A memoir of a person written by himself. Autochthon, aw-tok'thon, n. One sprung from the same soil he inhabits; an aboriginal or native; that which is original to a country. Autocrat, aw'to-krat, n. An absolute sovereign ; a title of emperors of Russia: one invested with inde- pendent power and unaccountable for his actions. Auto-da-fe, aw-to-da-fa, n. ; pi. Autos-da-fe. -toz-. Punishment of a heretic bv burning, in conformity with a judgment of the Inquisition; the sentence then read. Autograph, aw'to-graf, n. One's own handwriting; an original manuscript. Automath, aw'to-math, n. A self-taught person. Automaton, aw-tonr'a-ton,?!.,- pi. -atons; L.pl. -ATA, -ta. A machine moved by interior machinery which imitates actions of men 6r animals; any self-moving machine. — Automatic, -ical, a. Pert, to, or per- formed by, an automaton; self-acting; esp. applied to machinery, in which movements commonly made by hand are "made by the machine itself; not depend- ing on the will; acting involuntarily. Autonomy, aw-ton'o-ml, n. Power or right of self- government; man's power, as possessed of reason, to give law to himself. Autopsy, aw'top-sT, n. Pevsoinl observation or ex- amination. (Med.) Post-mortem examination. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Sdd, tone, AUTOTYPE 27 AZURE photograph made by fi-pt or -to-ti'pY, n.' Autotype, aw'to-tip, n. A totypy. — Autotypy, -tot photographic method of making transcripts of pic- tures, Dy potassium bichromate as a chemical agent. Autumn, aw'tura, n. The third season of the year; the season between summer and winter; fall. Auxiliar, awg-zil'yar, -iliary, -zil'ya-rT, a. Helping; as- sisting; subsidiary. — Auxiliary, n. A helper; assis- tant; in pi., foreign troops in the service of a nation at war. {Oram.) A verb helping to form the moods and tenses of other verbs. {Math.) A quantity in- troduced to facilitate some operation. Avail, a-val', v. t. [availed (-vald'), availing.] To profit; to assist; to promote. — v. i. To be of use; to answer the purpose.— n. Advantage; benefit; — pi., profits or proceeds. — Available, a. Capable of being used to advantage; profitable; able to ef- fect the object; valid. Avalanche, av-a-lansh', n. A snow-slip; a mass of snow, ice, or earth sliding_ down a mountain. Avant-courier, a-voN'koo-rer, n. One sent in advance to give notice of another's approach. Avarice, av'a-ris, n. Excessive love of money or gain; cupidity; greediness; covetousness. — Avari'cious, -rish'us, a. Actuated by avarice ; parsimonious ; miserly ; niggardly. Avenge, a-venj', v. t. [avenged (-venjd''), aven- ging.] To vindicate by inflicting pain or evil on the wrong-doer; to revenge. — Aven^ger, n. Avenue, av'e-nu, n. An entrance; way; passage; an alley or walk, usually shaded by trees; a wide street. Aver, a-ver', v. t. [averred (a-verd'), averring.] To declare positively ; to asseverate, affirm, protest, avouch. Average, av'er-ej, a. Medial ; containing a mean proportion; according to the laws of average. — n. A contribution to a general loss; a mean proportion; medial quantity; a medial estimate or general state- ment from a comparison of specific cases ; duty payable to shipmasters on goods. — v.t. [aver- aged (-ejd), -aging.] To reduce to a mean; to pro- portion. — v. i. To be or form a medial sum or quantity. Avert, a-vert r , v. t. To turn or cause to turn off, aside, or away. — v. i. To turn away. — Aversion, -ver'shun, n. Opposition or repugnance ; dislike ; contrariety of nature; cause of repugnance; disgust; antipathy. Aviary, a'vY-a-r'i, n. An inclosure for keeping birds. — A'vicuFture, -chur, n. Care of birds. Avidity, a-vid'T-tT, n.' An intense desire; strong ap- petite ; eagerness. Avocation, av-o-ka'shun, n. Act of calling aside, or diverting; the business that calls off. [Improperly used for vocation.'] Avoid, a-void', v.t. To keep at a distance from ; to make void ; to annul or vacate ; to shun. (Plead- ing.) To defeat or evade, as a pica. — v. i. (Law.) To become void, vacant, or empty. — Avoidless, a. Unavoidable. Avoirdupois, av'er-du-poiz', n. or a. A weight in which a pound contains 16 ounces, or 7,000 Troy grains. Avouch, a-vowch', v. t. [avouched C-vowcht'), A- VOUCHING.] To declare positively, maintain, sup- port. Avow, a-vow', v. t. [avowed (-vowd'), avowing.] To declare openly; to own; to acknowledge; to con- fess. (Laio.) To acknowledge and justify, as an act done. — Avow'al, n. An open or frank decla- ration. — Avow'edly, adv. Openly. — Avowee', n. An advowee ; one who has the right to present to a benefice. — Avow'er, n. One who avows. — Avowt- ry, -rt, n. (Law.) Act of a distrainer of goods, who, in an action of replevin, avows and justifies the taking in his own right. Avulsion, a-vul'shun, n. A tearing asunder; a frag- ment torn off. (Law.) Sudden removal of land from one man's estate to another's by an inundation, cm-rent, etc. Avuncular, a-vun'ku-lar, a. Of or pert, to an uncle. Await, a-waf, v. t. To wait or look out for ; to ex- pect; to be ready for. Awake, a-wak', v. t. [awoke, awaked (-wakf), awaking.] To arouse from sleep, or a state resem- bling sleep ; to put intoaction. —v. i. To cease to sleep, etc. — a. Not sleeping ; wakeful. — Awaken, awak'n, v. t. and *. [-ened (-nd), -ening.] To awake. Award, a-wawrd',u. t. To give by judicial determina- tion; to assign by sentence; to adjudge. — v. i. To determine; to make an award. — n. A judgment, sentence, or final decision ; esp. decision of arbitra- tors ; paper containing such decision. Aware, a-war', a. Watchful ; vigilant ; hence, ap- prised; cognizant. Awash, a-wosh r , a. Washed by the waves or tide. Away, a-wa', adv. Absent; at a distance; continu- ously; without intermission. — inter;'. Begone. Awe, aw, n. Profound fear with admiration or rever- ence; dread; veneration. — v.t. [awed (awd), aw- ing.] To strike with, etc. — Awlul, a. Striking, or filling with, etc. — Aw'fully, adv. — Awlulness, n. — Awe'struck, a. Impressed with awe. Aweather, a-wetb/er, adv. (Naut.) On the weather side, or toward the wind; opp. to alee. Aweigh, a-wa', adv. (Naut.) Drawn out of the ground, and hanging; atrip, — said of the anchor. Awhile, a-hwiK, adv. A space of time ; for some time; for a short time. Awkward, awk'werd, a. Wanting dexterity ; with- out skill; bungling; ungraceful; clumsy; uncouth. Awl, awl, n. A pointed instrument for making small holes. Awn, awn, n. The bristle or beard of barley, oats, grasses, etc. Awning, awning, n. A covering from sun, rain, etc. Awoke'. See Awake. Awry, a-ri', a. or adv. Turned or twisted toward one side ; asquint. Ax, Axe, aks, n. An instrument for hewing timber, chopping wood, etc. Axial. See Axis. Axil, aksll, Axilla, -ilia, n. The armpit. Axiom, aks'Y-um, n. A self-evident and necessary truth or proposition; an established principle; max- im; aphorism; adage. Axis, aksls, n. ; pi. Axes, aks'ez. The straight line on which a body revolves. (Anat.) The second vertebra of the neck; a tooth-like process, on its up- per surface, serving as a pivot on which the first vertebra turns. (Bot.) The central ma^K part or column of a plant, around which the other parts are disposed. , A central or medial line between cor- responding parts. — Axle, aksl, n. A shaft, rod, bar, or spindle forming the axis of a pulley, drum, or wheel. — Ax'letree, n. A transverse bar con- necting the opposite wheels of a car- -r, A , riage. D ' AXle - Ay, Aye, aT, adv. Yes; yea; — a word expressing assent. — n._ An affirmative vote; a voter in the affirmative. Aye, a. adv. Always ; continually. Aye-aye, ai'aY, n. (Zo'dl.) A nocturnal quadruped found in Mada- fascar, s o called rom its cry. Azalea, a-zale-a, n. A genus of flower- ing plants. Azoic, a-zolk, a. Destitute of ani- mal life. — Azote, a-zot', n. (Chem.) A gas unfit for.,^ respiration; nitro-^Mi gen. — Az'otize, *| -tlz, v. t. [azo- ^;" tized (-tizd), AZO- tizing.] To im- -^ pregnate with, \WM£/cfi$xPrMw .^ass^. etc. ; to nitrogen- Azu're, azh'gr or Aye-Aye. a'zher, a. Of a sky-blue; cerulean. — n. The blue color of the sky ; the blue vault above. (Her.) Blue, represented in engraving by horizontal lines. — Az'urite, -it, n. Blue carbonate of copper. siin, cube, full ; moon, fo"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. 28 BAGATELLE B. B, be. The 2d letter in the English alphabet ; a Vocal labial consonant, the correlative of p. It is etymo- logically convertible with>», p, f, v, and w. (Mus.) The nominal of the 7th tone in the model major scale (scale of C major), or of the 2d tone in its rela- tive minor scale (scale of A minor).— B flat (Bb.) The tone or half step, or semitone lower than B. Baa, ba, n. The cry of sheep. — v. i. To cry or bleat, etc. Babble, bab'bl, v. i. [babbled (bab'bld), -bling.] To utter words imperfectly or unintelligibly ; to prate ; to chatter; to make a constant murmuring noise, as a stream running over rocks. — v. t. To prate; to utter. — n. Idle talk ; senseless prate; un- meaning words. — Bab'bler, n. An idle talker ; a tell-tale. Babe, bab, Baby, ba'bY, n. An infant; a doll. — a. Pert, to, or resembling, an infant. — v. t. [babied (ba'bid), babying.] To treat like a child.— Ba'by- hood, -hdod, n. State of being, etc. — Ba'byish, a. Like, etc. ; childish. Babel, ba'bel, n. A confused combination of sounds; disorder. Baboo, Babu, ba/boo, n. A title of respect among the Hindoos. Baboon, bab-oon'", n. A large species of monkey. Baccalaureate, bak-ka-law'- re-at, n. The degree of bach- elor of arts. — a. Pert, to, etc. Baccara, Baccarat, bak-ka- ra/ ', n. A French game of cards. Bacchanal, bak'ka-nal, -na- lian, -nall-an, n. A devotee of Bacchus ; one prone to drunken revels. — a. Pert, to reveling in intemperate drinking.— Bac'chanals, -nalz, -nalia, -na'lT-a, n. pi. Feasts in honor of Bacchus; drunken revels. —Bacchant, -kanf, n.; L.pl. Bacchan- tes, -kan'tez. A priest of Bacchus; a bacchanal ; a rev- eler. — Bacchante, -kant', J^Doon. n. A priestess of Bacchus ; a female bacchanal.— Bac'chic, -kik, -chical, a. Pert, to, etc.; jovial with intoxication ; drunken. Bachelor, bach'e-ler, n. A man who has not married; one who has taken the first degree at a college or university; a young knight. Back, bak, n. The upper or hinder part of an animal; part opp. to the front; the rear; outward or upward part of a thing, as opp. to the inner or lower part; part opp. or most remote; part out of sight, — a. In the rear ; remote. — adv. To the place whence one came; to or toward a former state, condition, etc.; away from the front ; again ; in return. — v. t. [backed (bakt), backing/) To get upon the back of; to support or strengthen by aid; to force back- ward; to furnish with a back. — v. i. To move or go back.— To back out, orb. down. To withdraw from an engagement. — To b. round, said of the wind when it shifts against the sun's course, indicating more bad weather. — To b. an anchor. (Naut.) To lav down a small anchor ahead of a large one, to which it is fastened. — To b. astern. In rowing, to manage the oars in a direction contrary to the usual method. ,— To b. the oars, or back water. To row backward. — To b. the sails. To arrange them so as to take out the wind, and cause the ship to move astern. — To b. up. To support or sustain. — Back'- er, n. One who. or that which, backs or supports another. — Back' ward, -wards, adv. With the back in advance ; toward the back ; on the back, or with the back downward ; toward or in past time ; from a better to a worse state ; in a reverse manner or direction ; contrarily. — Back ' ward, a. Unwilling; averse ; dull of apprehension ; late or behindhand. — Back'bite, -bit, v. t. To speak evil of in the ab- sence of the person traduced. — v. i. To revile the absent. — Back'biter, n. — Back'bone, -bon, ». The spine ; firmness ; spirit ; grit. door, -d6r, n. A door at the back of a building or chamber ; a pri- vate passage ; indirect way. — ground, n. Ground in the rear ; a place of obscurity or shade. (Art.) The part of a picture behind, and subordinate to, the foreground. handed, a. With the hand turned backward; indirect ; oblique, —adv. With the hand, etc. — house,//. A building behind a main building ; a privy. — log, n. A Targe stick., forming the back of a fire. — piece, -pes, -plate, -plat, n. Armor covering the back. — side, n. Hinder part of anything ; the rear. — sight, -sit, n. (Surv.) The first reading of the leveling staff. — slide, -slid' v. i. [backslid (-slid), p. p. -slid'den, -slid ; -sliding (-slid'ing).] To fall back or off ; to apos- tatize. — slid'er, n. One who, etc. ; a renegade. — -staff, n. An instrument for taking the altitude of heavenly bodies. — stairs, -starz, n. pi. Staire at the back of the house; a private or indirect way.— -stair, a. Indirect; illegitimate; undue. — stays, -staz, n. pi. (JYaut.) Ropes from the top-mast heads to both sides of a ship, to support the mast. — -stream, n. A current flowing up-stream. — sword, -sord, n. A sword with one sharp edge. — -water, -waw-ter, n. Water held back, as in a stream, by some obstruction: water thrown back by the turn- ing of a water-wheel, etc. — woods, -wdodz, n. pi. Forests or partly cleared ground on the frontiers of a newly settled country. — woods'man, n. An in- habitant of, etc. Backgammon, bak-gam'mon, n. A game played by two persons, upon a tray, with checkers and dice. — v. t. To defeat one's opponent, before he has moved his counters from the first quarter of the board. Bacon, ba'kn, n. Hog's flesh salted or pickled and smoked. Bad, bad, a. \comp. worse (wers), superl. worst, (werst).] Wanting good qualities ; evil ; vicious. — Bad'ly, adv. — Bad'ness, n. Bad, Bade. See Bid. Badge, baj, n. A distinctive mark worn on the person. Badger, baj'er, n. A burrowing quadruped akin to the bear. (E. Law.) A person licensed to buy and sell corn. — v. t. [badgered (baj'erd), -ering.) To follow up, as the badger is hunted ; to pester or worry. Badinage, bad-e-nazh', n. Light or playful discourse. Baffle, baf'fl, v. t. [baffled (-fid), -fling.] To treat with mockery; to check by shifts and turns ; to balk ; to frustrate, elude, foil. Bag, n. A sack or pouch, to hold or convey anything. — v. t. [bagged (bagd), bagging.] To put into a bag; to seize or entrap. — v. i. To swell like a full bag.— Bag'ging, n. Cloth or materials for bags. — B a g ' g y , -gl, a. Bulged out, like a bag. — Bag'man, n. One who carries a bag ; a commercial traveler. — -pipe, n. A Scottish musical instrument, consisting of a leathern bag, and of pipes, into which air is pressed by the performer. Bagatelle, bag'a-tel, n. A trifle ; thing of no im- portance; a game played with balls on a board having holes at one end. Bagpipe. am,- fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Cud, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r j BAGGAGE 29 BANK Baggage, bag'ej, n. The tents, clothing, utensils, etc., of an army; trunks, bags, etc., for travelers; lug- gage. A strumpet ; a playful, saucy young woman. Bagnio, ban'yo, n. A bath-house ; a brothel. Ban, ba, inierj. An exclamation of disgust or con- tempt; pah. Bail, bal, v. t. [bailed (bald), bailing.] {Law.) To set free from arrest, security being given for the ap- pearance of the person bailed ; to deliver, upon a contract that the trust shall be executed. To free from water. — n. {Law.) One who procures a pris- oner's release by becoming surety for his appear- ance in court; the security given. The handle of a kettle, etc. — Bailee, bal-e', n. {Law.) One to whom goods are committed in trust. — BaiKer, -or, -er, n. {Law.) One who delivers goods to another in trust. — Bair iff, n A sheriff's deputy, appointed to make arrests, collect fines, summon juries, etc. — Baili- wick, n. {Law.) The precincts in which a bailiff has jurisdiction. Bait, bat, n. Thing used to catch fish, etc.; a lure; enticement ; temptation ; refreshment taken on a journey. — v. t. To put on or in, as on a hook, trap, etc., to allure game; to feed upon the road; to pro- voke and harass. — v. i. To stop for refreshment on a journey. Baize, baz, n. A coarse woolen stuff, with long nap. Bake, bak, v. t. [baked (bakt), baking.] To heat, dry, and harden; esp. to prepare for food, in a close place heated. — v. i. To do the work of baking; to be baked. — Ba'ker. n. One who bakes bread, bis- cuit, etc. ; a portable tin oven. —Baker's dozen. . Thirteen in number. — Ba'kery, -er-T, n. A place for baking ; bakehouse. — Ba'king, n. Quantity baked at once. Balance, bal'ans, n. An apparatus for weighing bod- ies; what is needed to equalize two quantities; act of comparing or weighing; an equipoise or just pro- portion; a regulating wheel in a watch. (Astron.) A sign in the zodiac, called Libra. [Improperly used for remainder.] — v. t. [balanced (-anst), -ancing.J To bring to an equipoise; to weigh in a balance ; to render equal ; to compare in relative force, value, etc.; to settle and adjust, as an account. {Dancing.') To move toward, and then back from, reciprocally. — v. i. To be in equipoise ; to hesitate. {Dancing.) To move toward, etc. Balcony, barko-ni, n. building A gallery on the outside of a ig. Bald, bawld, a. Destitute of natural covering, as of hair, feathers, foliage, etc.; destitute of ornament; unadorned. Balderdash, bawl'der-dash, n. A worthless mixture, esp. badly mixed liquor; a senseless jargon of words; ribaldry. Baldric, bawKdrik, n. A warrior's girdle. Bale, bal, n. A bundle of goods corded for transporta- tion.—);, t. [baled (bald), baling.] To make up in a bale. Bale, bal, n. Misery; calamity; sorrow. Bale, v. t. To free from water. See Bail. Baleen, ba-len r , n. Horny plates in the whale's , mouth ; whalebone in plates. Balk, bawk, n. An un plowed ridge or strip; a great j beam or rafter ; a hindrance ; disappointment. — J v. t. [balked (bawkt), balking.] To leave un- touched in plowing; to disappoint, frustrate. — v.i. To stop abruptly in one's course. Ball, bawl, n. Any round body; any round or protu- berant part of the body; a familiar game. — v. i. [balled (bawld), balling.] To form, as snow, into balls, as on the feet. —Ball and socket joint. A joint in which a ball moves within a socket, giving motion in every direction. — BalK-cartridge, -kart-rij, n. A cartridge containing a bullet. Ball, bawl, n. A social assembly for dancing.— Ballad, ballad, n. A pop- ular song in simple verses. — Ballet, balla, n. A theatrical exhibition B . all a n .d with music, dancing, etc. socket 3 0lnt - Ballast, bal'last, n. {Naut.) Any heavy substance placed in the hold of a vessel, to steady it. Gravel, broken stone, etc., solidifying the bed of a railroad. — v. t. To furnish with, etc. Balloon, bal-loonl n. A bag, of silk or other light material, filled with hydrogen gas or heated air, so as to rise and float in 'the atmosphere. {Arch.) A ball or globe on the top of a pillar. ( Chem.) A spherical glass receiver. Ballot, ballot, n. Orig., a ball used in voting; a writ- ten or printed vote; act of voting by balls or tickets; amount of votes cast. —v. i. To vote or decide by ballot. Balm, bam, n. An aromatic plant ; resinous sap of certain trees; a fragrant ointment; anything which heals, or soothes or mitigates pain. — v. t. To anoint with balm ; to assuage.— Balsam, bawl'sam, n. An aromatic resinous substance, containing an essen- tial or volatile oil. {Bot.) A species of tree ; an annual garden plant; balsamine. {Med.) A mix- ture of natural balsams and other articles. Balmoral, bal-mor'al, n. A thick woolen petticoat; a kind of shoe. Baluster, ballis-ter, n. {Arch.) A small column or pilaster, supporting the rail of a staircase, etc.; the lateral part of the volute of the Ionic capital. [Im- properly called ban'nister.] — BaKustrade, -trad, n. A row of balusters, joined by a rail. Bamboo, bam-bool n. A kind of reed. Bamboozle, bam-bob'zl, v. t. To play tricks upon. Ban, ban, n. A public proclamation or edict ; inter- diction ; curse, {pi) Public notice of a marriage proposed. — v. t. To curse; to execrate. Banana, ba-na'na, n. A species of the plantain tree, and its fruit. Band, band, n. That with which a thing is bound or fastened. {Arch.) A flat, low molding; a continu- ous tablet or series of ornaments : the molding which encircles Gothic pillars and small shafts. See Molding. Means of union between persons ; a linen neck ornament worn by clergymen; a com- pany united in design, esp. a body of armed men, or of musicians. — v.t. To bind, tie, or mark with a band; to unite in a troop, company, or confederacy. — v.i. To confederate.— Band'age, -ej, n. A fillet or swathe, for binding up wounds, etc. — v. t. [band- aged (-ejd), -aging.] To bind with, etc. — Bandeau, ban'do, n. ; pi. -deaux, -doz. A narrow band or fillet ; a head-dress. Bandana, -danna, ban-dan'na, n. A kind of silk or cotton handkerchief. Bandit, ban'dit, n. ; pi. -dits or -ditti, -ditlT. A lawless fellow ; brigand ; outlaw. Bandoline, ban'do-lin, n. A gummy preparation for holding the hair in place. Bandy, ban'dt, n. A hooked club for striking a ball; the game played with it. — v. t. [bandied (ban'- did), bandying.] To beat to and fro, as a ball; to give and receive reciprocally ; to exchange, toss about,_ agitate. — Ban'dy-leg, «. A crooked leg. Bane, ban, n. A deadly poison ; a cause of injury. Bang, bang, v. t. [banged (bangd), banging.] To beat; to handle roughly. — n. A blow. Bang, Bangue, bang, n. A narcotic and intoxicating drug made from Indian wild hemp. Bangle, ban'gl, n. An ornamental ring worn upon the arm, also upon the ankles in India and Africa. Banian, Banyan, ban'yan or ban-yan', n. A Hindoo merchant; a morning gown; the Indian fig tree, whose branches drop shoots which take root and form new stems. Banish, banish, ?•. i. [ban- ished (-isht), -ishing.J To condemn to exile ; to drive away ; expel.— Banish- ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. Banister. See under Balus- ter. Banjo, ban'jo, n. A stringed Banian tree. instrument, resembling the guitar and tamborine. Bank, bank, n. A ridge of earth; steep acclivity: a flat; a shoal; a bench of rowers in a galley. {Com.) Money deposited by a number of persons for a par- ticular use ; place'for depositing money; a corn- cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, bo,yboN, chair, get. BANKRUPT 30 BAROUCHE pany concerned in a bank. — v. t. [banked (bankt), banking.] To raise a mound or dike about; to in- close or fortify with a bank; to cover, as a fire, with ashes, etc. — v. i. To deposit money in a bank; to carry on banking. — Bank'er, n. One who keeps a bank, receives and remits money, negotiates bills of exchange, etc. — Banking, n. Business of a banker. — Bank '-bill, re. In Amer., a promissory note of a bank payable to bearer on demand; a bank note. In Eng., a note or bill of exchange, of a bank, pay- able to order. — book, re. Book for recording bank accounts. note, n. A promissory note issued by a bank, payable to bearer on demand, intended to circulate as money. Bankrupt, bankrupt, n. A trader who breaks or fails; one unable to pay his debts. — a. Unable to pay debts; insolvent, — v. t. To break in trade; to make insolvent. — Bankruptcy, -si, re. State of be- ing, or act of becoming, etc. Banner, ban'ner, re. A military ensign; standard of a prince or state; pennon. Banns, banz, n.yl. Notice given in church of an in- tended marriage. [See Ban.] Banquet, bank' wet, re. A feast; entertainment. — v. t. To treat with, etc. — v. i. To regale one's self, feast. Bantam, ban'tam, re. A small variety of fowl, prob. fr. Bantam, in Java. Banter, ban'ter, v. t. [bantered (-terd), -teeing.] To play upon in words and in good humor ; to rally, ridicule, deride. — re. Humorous railery, pleasantry. Bantingism, ban'ting-izm, re. The reducing of corpu- lence by diet. Bantling, bant'ling, re. A small child ; an infant. Banyan. See Banian. Baobab, ba'o-bab, re. The largest known tree in the world, a native of trop- ical Africa. Baptism, bapfizm, re. Act of baptizing; the application of water, as an initiation into the visible church of Christ. — Bap'tist, re. One who administers, etc.; esp. John, the fore- runner of Christ. As a c o n t r. of Anabaptist, one who rejects infant baptism, and considers im- mersion essential.— Bap'tistery, -ter-T, n. A place where, etc. — Baptist'ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, etc. — Baptize, -tiz', v. i. [baptized (-tizd'), -tizing.J To administer baptism to; to christen. — Bapti'zer, n. Bar, bar, re. A long piece of wood, metal, etc., esp. as used for obstruction; any obstacle which hinders or defends; a barrier; a bank at the mouth of a riv- er or harbor. {Law.) The railing about the place for counsel in courts of justice; the place in court for prisoners; the legal profession: a special plea con- stituting a sufficient answer to the plaintiff's action. Any tribunal; the counter of a tavern, etc., over which liquors are sold. {Her.) A horizontal mark across the escutcheon. Aro„ = ,„.„ *{»„*,„* (Mus.) Aline drawn per- pendicularly across the staff. — v. t. [barred (bard), barring.] To fasten with a bar ; to „ hinder; prevent ; to ex- Bar ' Bar " Double Bar ' cept ; to cross with stripes or lines. — Barrage, bar / '- rej, re. A mound or dyke, to raise the waters of a river. — Barricade, bar' / ri-kad / ', re. (Mil.) A defen- sive fortification to check an enemy ; any bar, ob- struction, or means of defense. — v. t. To fortify with any slight work. — Bar 'rier, -rl-er, re. (Fort.) A kind of fence, to stop an enemj-. A fortress on the frontier of a country; any obstruction ; limit or boundary. — Bar'rister, re. A counselor admitted to plead at the bar. Barb, barb, re. Beard, or that which resembles it; the point that stands backward in an arrow, fish-hook, etc.; armor anciently worn by horses, set with iron spikes. — v. t. To furnish with barbs; to clothe, as a horse, with armor.— Bar'ber, re. One who shaves the beard, and cuts and dresses the hair, of others. — v. t. To shave and dress the hair of. Baobab. 1 Barb, barb, re. A horse of the breed originating in Barbary; a pigeon, ori»;. fr. Barbary. Barbacan, -bican, bar-'bi-kan, /;. '(Fort.) An ad- vanced work defending the entrance to a castle or city. An opening in the wall of a fortress for guns. Barbarian, bar-ba'rT-an, re. A man in his rude, unciv- ilized state; a cruel, savage, brutal man. — a. Pert, to, or resembling savages ; rude. — Bar'barism, -ba- rizm, n. An uncivilized state or condition; speech contrary to the idioms of a language. — Barbarity, -bar'i-ti, re. Manners of a barbarian; savageness; cruelty. — Bar'barize, -riz, v. i. To become barba- rous; to use a foreign or barbarous mode of speech. — v. t. To make barbarous. — Bar'barous, -rus, a. Uncivilized ; cruel ; contrary to the idioms of a lan- guage.— Bar'barously, adv. — Bar'barousness, re. Barbecue, bar'be-ku, re. A hog, ox, etc., roasted whole; an open-air entertainment at which animals are roasted whole, —v. f. [barbecued (-kud), -cu- ing.] To dress and roast whole. Barberry, bar'ber-rl, Berberry, ber'ber-ri, re. (Bot.) A hedge plant, bearing berries used for preserves. Bard, bard, n. A Celtic minstrel; a poet. Bare, bar, a. Without covering ; naked ; with the head uncovered ; destitute ; empty ; mere; simple. — v. t. [bared (bard), baring] To strip off the covering of ; to make naked. — Eare'ly, -IT, adv. Only: nearly; nakedly. Bare. The old preterit of bear; now bore. See Bear. Barege, ba-razh', re. A thin dress stuff, of worsted or silk and worsted. Bargain, bar^gen, re. An agreement concerning the sale of property ; any agreement or stipulation ; a gainful transaction ; contract ; purchase. — v. t. [bargained (-gend), -gaining.] To transfer for a consideration, — v. i. To make a contract; to agree. Barge, barj, re. A pleasure boat; a large boat for pas- sengers or goods. Barium, ba'rl-um, re. The metallic basis of baryta. Bark, bark, re. The exterior covering of a tree; the rind. — v. t. [barked (biirkt), barking.] To strip the bark from; to peel; to cover or inclose with bark. Bark, bark, re. The noise made b}- a dog. — v. i. To make the noise of dogs; to clamor. Bark, Barque, bark, n. (Xaut.) A three-masted ves- sel, having fore and main masts rigged as a ship, and the mizzen as a schoon- er ; any small ves- sel. — Bark'entine, -ten, re. A three- masted vessel, with foremast rigged like a ship, main and mizzen masts like a schooner. Barley, bar'li, re. A grain, of the grass Bark, family, used for making malt. Barm, barm, re. Foam rising upon fermenting malt liquors, used as leaven in bread. — Earm'y, -T, a. Containing barm or yeast. Barn, barn, re. A building for storing grain, hay, etc.; also for stabling cattle and horses. Barnacle, bar'na-kl, n. A shell-fish.— A species of goose found in the northern seas. — pi. (Far.) An instrument to put upon a horse's nose, to confine him. A pair of spectacles. Barometer, ba-rom , e-ter, n. An instrument for de- termining the weight of the atmosphere, changes of weather, or height of an ascent. — Baromet'ric, -rical, a. Pert, to, or made by, etc. Baron, bar'un, n. In Eng. the lowest title of nobility; one ranking between a viscount and baronet. (Law.) A husband. ( Cooker;/.) A double sirloin. — Bar'cn- age, n. The whole body of barons or peers; the dig- nity of, etc. ; the land which gives title to, etc.— Bareness, re. A baron's wife or lady. — Baro'nial, a. Pert, to, etc. — Bar'ony, re. The lordship, hon- or, or fee of, etc. — Bar'onet, n. A dignity next below a baron and above a knight. Barouche, ba-roosh'', n. A four-wheeled carriage, with a falling top. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end. eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r BARRACK 31 BATTLE Barrack, bar'rak, n. {Mil.) A hut or house for soldiers, esp. in garrison. Barrator, bar'ra-ter, n. An encourager of litigation ; a shipmaster who commits fraud in its management. — Bar'ratrou3, -trus, a. (Law.) Tainted with, etc. — Bar'ratry, -tri, n. (Law.) Practice of encour- aging law-suits. (Com.) A fraudulent breach of duty by a ship-master or mariners. Barrel, bar'rel, n. A round, bulgy vessel or cask; the quantity contained in it, —varying from 31i to 36 gallons; any hollow cylinder. — v. t. [barreled (-reld), -reling.] To put or pack in, etc. Barren, bar , ren, a. Incapable of producing offspring; producing nothing; sterile; dull; empty. — n. Ele- vated lands, producing small trees, but not timber. Barricade, Barrier, Barrister. See under Bar. Barrow, bar'ro, n. A hand-carriage. A hog, esp. a male hog castrated. A mound raised over graves, esp. of those_ fallen in battle. Barter, bar'ter, v. i. [bartered (-terd.), -teeing.] To traffic by exchanging one commodity for another. — v. t. To exchange, or give in exchange.— n. Act of, practice of, etc.; thing given in exchange; dealing; traffic. Bartizan, bar'ti-zan', n. A small overhanging tur- ret, projecting from angles of towers, parapets, etc. Baryta, b'a-ri'ta, n. (Jfin.) The heaviest of the earths. n, Ba'rmm, -ri- -um, n. A metal, the base ■Bary of baryta Barytone, Baritone, bar'T-ton, a. (Mus.) Grave and deep. (Or. Gram.) Not marked with an accent on the last syllable. — n. (Mas.') A male voice be- tween bass and tenor. (Greek Gram.) A word unmarked on the last syllable, the grave accent be- ing understood. Basalt, ba-sawlf, n. (Min.) A rock of igneous origin, usually of a greenish-black color. A kind of black porcelain. Bas-bleu, ba-ble r or ba-bioo / ', n. A literary lady; a blue-stocking. Base, has, a. Of humble birth and low degree; il- legitimate by birth ; low in value or estimation ; morally low ; unworthy ; mean ; vile ; not refined ; deep or grave in sound. (Law.) Not held by_ hon- orable service. —Base or Bass, bas, a. (Mus.) Deep or grave in sound. — a. The lowest musical part ; the gravest male voice. — Bassoon, bas-soon', n. (Mus.) A wind instrument, resembling a flute, having a very low note. — Bass-viol, bas'vi'ol, n. (Mus.) A stringed instru- ment for the bass part ; violoncello. — Bas-relief, ba-re-lef, Bass-relief, bas'- re-lef, Bas'so-rilie'vo, -re-le-a'vo, n. Sculpture, whose figures do not stand out far from the ground on which they are formed. — Base'ment, n. (Arch.) The lowest story of a building. Base, bas, n. The bottom; the part of a thing on which it stands. {Arch.) The part of a column between pedestal and shaft ; the lower projecting part of a _ wall. (Chem.) The principal element Bassoon, of a compound. (Dyeing.) A substance used as a mordant. (Mil.) A protected tract of conntry, from which an army conducts operations. (Surv.) A line from which to compute the distances and positions of outlying points. — v. t. [based (bast), basing.] To put on a base or basis; to found. — Basis, ba'sis, n. ; pi. Ba'ses, -sez. That on which a thing rests ; groundwork or first principle. Bashaw, ha-shaw', Pacha, Pasha, pa-shaw', n. A Turkish title of honor; a haughty, imperious per- son. Bashful, bash'ful, a. Having a down-cast look; very modest. — Bash'fully, adv. — Bash / 'fulness, n. Basement. See under Base. a. Basic, Basis, etc. See under Base. n. Basilic, ba-ziKik, Basilica, -zil'i-ka, n. A king's pal- ace; a large hall or court of justice; a church, chapel, or cathedral. Basilisk, baz'i-lisk, n. A fabulous serpent, whose breath and look were thought to be fatal. (Nat. Hist.) A genus of lizards. Basin, ba'sn, n. A hollow vessel, to hold water; any hollow place containing water. (Geol.) A forma- tion, where the strata dip inward toward the center. (Physical Geog.) A circular or oval valley; the trr.ct of country drained by a river. Bask, bask, v. i. [basked (baskt), basking.] To lie in warmth; to be exposed to genial heat. — v. t. To warm with genial heat. Easket, bas'ket, n. A vessel made of twigs, rushes, etc., interwoven. — Eas'ketful, n. The contents of, etc. Easque, bask, n. A part of a lady's dress, resembling a jacket. Bass, bas, n. sing. Scpl. A food fish of several species. The tiel tree, or its bark, used for mats, etc. Bass, Bassoon, Bass-relief. See under Base, a. Bast, bast, n. Inner bark of the lime tree; matting, cordage, etc., made of the bark. Bastard, bas'terd, n. An illegitimate child; an infe- rior quality of brown sugar; mold for draining su- gar. — a. Illegitimate ; spurious ; adulterate. — Bas'- tardy, -dT, n. State of being, etc. Baste, bast, v. t. To beat ; to cudgel ; to sprinkle flour and salt and drip butter or fat on, as on meat in roasting. Bastile, bas-teK, n. Orig., a wooden tower used in warfare ; any tower or fortification ; esp. an old fortification m Paris, used as -a state prison, but de- molished in 1789. _ Bastinade, bas-tl-nad', -nado, -na'do, n. A beating or cudgeling; esp. the Chinese and Turkish punish- ment of beating on the soles of the feet. — v. t. To beat with a cudgel, esp. on the soles of the feet. Eastion, basfyun.n. (Fort.) A projecting part of the main inclosure, consisting of faces and the flanks. Bat, bat, n. A club, used in playing ball ; a sheet of cotton prepared for filling quilts; a piece of a brick. — r. i. To manage a bat, or play with one. Eat, n. A winged mammal hav- _ r - A . ing a body like a mouse. j^^~ Batch, bach, n. The quantity <* s & ti of bread baked at one time; any business dispatched at once; any quantity of things •sda ' Bat. "so united as to have like qual- ities. _ Bate, bat, v. t. To" lessen ; to abate; to allow by way of deduction. Bat9au, bat-o r , n.;hl. Bateaux, bat-oz'". Alight boat. Bath, bath, n. ; pi. Baths, bathz. A place to bathe in; act of exposing the body to water or vapor. (Chem.) A medium, as heated sand, through which heat is applied to a body.— Bathe, bathe, v. t. [bathed (bathd), bathing.] To wash by immersion; to mois- ten with a liquid, — v. i. To be, or lie, in a bath; to immerse. — ?;. A bath. Bathos, ba'thos, n. (Rhet.) A ludicrous descent ^ from the elevated to the mean. Baton, ba-toN r , Batoon, ba-toon r , n. A staff or trun- cheon. Batracnian, ba-tra^kf-an, a. Pert, to animals of the frog tribe. Battalion. See under Battle. Batten, bat'n, v. t. [battened (-tnd), -tentng.| - To fatten; to fertilize, as land. — v. i. To trrow fat, live in luxury. — n. A narrow piece of board, or scantling ; the movable bar of a loom. — v. t. To fasten with battens. Batter, bat'ter, v. t. [battered (-terd), -tering.] To beat repeatedly and with violence ; esp. to attack with artillery; to wear with beating or by use. — n. (Cookery.) A mixture of several ingredients, beaten up with some liquid. — Bat'terer, n. — Bat'tery, -ter-f, n. Act of battering. (Mil.) Any place where cannon are mounted; a body of cannon taken col- lectively. (Elec.) A number of coated jars, con- nected, to be charged and discharged simultane- ously. (Galv.) An apparatus for generating galvanic electricity. (Law.) Unlawful beating of another. Batting, bafting, n. Cotton or wool in sheets; bat. Battle, bat'tl, n. A fight between enemies or oppos- ing foices; combat; engagement. — v. i. [battled (bafld), battling.! To contend in fight. —Battal- ion, -tal'yun, n. A body of infantry, containing several companies, and less than a regiment. sun, cube, full ; moon, f<3ot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbox, chair, get. BATTLEDOOR 32 BEAUTY Battlement. Battledoor, bat'i. Jor, n. An instrument with a handle and flat board, used to strike a shuttle-cock. Battlement, bat ,M -ment, n. (Arch.) An indented parapet, orig. „sed on fortifications. Battue, baftob, n. Act of beating woods, etc., for game ; the game itself. Bauble, Bawble, baw'bl, n. A trifling piece of finery ; a gew-gaw. Bawd, bawd, n. One who keeps a brothel, and con- ducts criminal intrigues. — v. i. To procure women for lewd purposes. Bawl, bawl, v. i. [bawled (bawld), bawling.] To cry with vehemence. — v. t. To proc.aim by outcry. — n. _A loud, prolonged cry. Bay, ba, a. Red or re' .dish, inclining to a chestnut color^ Bay, ba, n. An inlet of the sea. (Arch.) A division m the arrangement of a building ; an inclosed placem a barn, for hay. Bay, ba, n. The laurel tree ; pi., an honorary crown, anciently made of laurel branches. Bay, ba, n. Act of facing an antagonist when escape is impossible. — v. i. To bark, as a dog, at his game —v. t. To bark at. " Bayonet, ba'o-net, n. (Mil.) A dagger fitted upon the muzzle of a gun. — v. t. To stab with, or drive by, etc. Bayou, Woo, n. The outlet of a lake; a channel for water. Bazaar, Bazar, ba-zar', n. In the East, a market-place, or assemblage of shops; a hall or suite of rooms for the sale of goods. Be-, prefix, has sometimes an intensive force, as be- sprinkle. Prefixed to nouns or adjectives, it often has the meaning to make, and transforms them into verbs : thus Bedim, Befool, mean to male dim, to make a fool of. Sometimes it has the meaning of by, as beside. For words beginning with Be- not found in this vocabulary, see the original word : thus, for Bedaub, Bedim, etc., see Daub, Dim, etc. Be, v. i. and auxiliary, [imp. was ; p. p. been ; p. pr. and vb. n. being.] To exist logically, or actually; to exist in some particular state or relation ; to pass from one state to another; to become. — Bering, n. Existence, state, condition; anything existing. Beach, bech, n. A sandy or pebbly shore; strand.— v. t. To run upon a beach. Beacon, be'kn, n. A fire to signal an enemy's ap- proach. (Naut.) A signal or mark near the shore, or in shoal water, to guide mariners. That which warns of danger. — v. t. [beaconed (be'nd), -coning.] To give light to, as a beacon. Bead, bed, n. A little ball, to be strung on a thread, and worn for ornament, or for counting prayers, etc. ; any small globular body. — v. t. To ornament with beads. — Bead'ing, n. (Arch.) A molding in imitation of beads. — Bead'-roll, -rol, n. (Rom. Cath. Church.) A list of those for whom prayers are to be counted o_ff on beads; a catalogue in general.— Beadsman, bedz'man, n. ; pi. Beadsmen. One em- ployed in praying, who drops a bead at each prayer. Beadle, be'dl, n. A messenger or crier of a court; an officer in a university, who precedes processions ; an inferior parish officer. Beagle, be'gl, n. A small hound, used in hunting hares._ 2eak, bek, n. The bill or nib of a bird, turtle, etc.; anything pointed or projecting like a beak. Beaker, bek'er, n. A large drinking-cup or vessel. Beam, bem, n. Any large, long piece of timber; a main timber of a building, ship, loom, plow, etc.; the part of a balance, from which the scales hang; pole of a carriage; shank cf an anchor; a collection of parallel _rays from a luminous body. — v. t. [beamed (bemd), beaming.] To send forth: to emit. — w. i. To emit rays of light; to shine. Bean, ben, n. A leguminous plant, and its seed. — Bean'-fly, n. A fly found on bean flowers. — goose, n. A migratory goose, feeding on beans. Bear, bar, v. t. [imp. bore (formerly bare); p.p. Black Bear. born, borntj; p. pr. &vb. n. bearing.] To support or sustain, convey; to possess and use; to carry, wear; to entertain ; to endure, tolerate, suffer; to be an- swerable for; to carry on, or maintain ; to admit or be capable of ; to behave, : ct ; to supply with ; to bring forth, give birth to. — v. i. To produce, be fruitful; to press; to take effect; to be situated, with respect to something else; to relate or refer to. — Bear'er, n. One who, or that which, etc. ; one who assists in carrying a body to the grave. (Com.) One who holds a check, note, draft, etc., for the payment of money. — Bear'ing, n. Manner in which one bears himself; deportment; situation of an object, with respect to another object; relation; influence; tendency; act of giving birth. (Arch.) Span of a beam, rafter, etc. (Her.) An emblem or charge in an escutcheon. (Mach.) The part in contact with which a journal moves; part of a shaft or axle in contact with supports. Bear, bar, n. A quadruped of the genus Ursus; a brutal, roughly-behaved per- son. (Stock Exchange.) One who contracts to deliver, at some future time, stocks which he does not own, and therefore seeks to pull down their value, — opp. to a bull, who con- tracts to take stocks, and seeks to raise their value. (Astron.) One of two constellations in the northern hemisphere, the Greater and Lesser Bear, or Ursa Major and Ursa Minor. — i\ t. [beared (bard), bearing.] To depress the value of (stocks) ; to depreciate by alarming rumors. Beard, berd, n. The hair on the chin and adjacent parts of the face ; the long hairs on a plant ; the awn. — v. t. To seize or pull by the beard ; to set at defiance. — Beard'ed, a. — Beardless, o. Beast, best, n. A four-footed animal ; a brute ; a de- graded or brutal man. — Beast'ly, -IT, Bestial, best'- yal, a. Pert, to, having the form or nature of, or resembling, a beast ; filthy ; carnal ; depraved. — Beastliness, n . — Bestiality, -yaKT-tt, n. Brutism; beastliness ; unnatural connection with a beast. — Bes'tialize, v. t. To make bestial. — Bes'tially, adv. Beat, bet, v.t. [beat; beat or beaten: beating.] To strike repeatedly, pound, maul, drub ; to break or form by beating; to scour or range over; to overcome in contest, conquer, vanquish; to indicate by beat- ing a drum.— v. i. To strike repeatedly; to throb, pulsate; to come or act with violence; to be in agita- tion or doubt. (Niiut.) To sail against the direc- tion of the wind. — n. A stroke; blow; a recurring stroke; pulsation. (Mns.) The rise or fall of the hand or foot, in regulating time; a transient grace- tone, struck immediately before the one it orna- ments. A course frequently gone over; a place of habitual resort.— a. Weary; tired; fatigued.— Beam- ing, n. Act of giving blows ; punishment by blows ; pulsation : throbbing. (Naut.) Sailing against the wind by tacks. — Beaten, bet'n, p. a. Smoothed by beating; worn by use. — Beat'er, n One who, etc. ; an instrument for pounding. Beatify, be-at'I-fi, v. t. [beatified (-fid), -fying,] To pronounce or regard as happy. (Bom. Cath. Church.) To declare that one is received into heaven. — Beat'itude, -tud, n. Felicity of the highest kind; pi. the declarations of blessedness made by our Sav- ior in regard to particular virtues. Beau, bo, n. ; pi. F. Beaux, E. Beaus, boz. A man of dress; a dandy; a fine, gay man; a lady's attendant or suitor. —Beau ideal, -i-de'al. A conception of perfect or consummate beauty. [F., beautiful ideal.] — Beaumonde,-moNd / '. The fashionable world. [F., fine world.] — Bel-esprit, behespre', esprits, bo-zes-pre / '. A fine genius [F.] -Belle, bel, n. A young ladv, beautiful and ad- mired.— Belles-lettres, bel-let'ter, n.pl. Polite or elegant literature, esp. poetry and rhetoric. [F.] Beauty, bu't'i, n. An assemblage of graces or pleas- ing qualities: a particular grace, feature, excellence, ; pi. Beaux- a man of wit. etc.; a beautiful person, esp. beautiful woman. — am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r BEAVER 33 BELDAM Beau'tiful, -tt-ful, a. Handsome; pretty. — Beau'- tifully, adv. — Beau'tify, v. t. [beautified (-fid), -fylng.] To make beautiful; to adorn; ornament; embellish. — v. i. To become beautiful. Beaver, be'ver, n. An amphibious, rodent quadru- ped; its fur; a hat made of the fur; a cloth, some- times felted, for making overcoats, hats, etc. Part of a helmet which the wearer could raise or lower to eat and drink. Becalm, Bechance, Becharm, etc. See Be-, prefix. Became. See Become. Because, be-kawz', conj. By or for the cause that; for the reason that. Beck, bek, n. A significant nod, or motion of the head or hand. — v. i. To make a nod or sign.—?;.*. To notify or call by, etc. ; to intimate a command to. —Beckon, bek'n, v. i. [beckoned (bek'nd), -oning.] To make a sign by nodding, etc. —v. t. To make a significant sign to; to summon. Become, be-kum', v. i. [imp. became; p. p. become; becoming.] To pass from one condition to another; to enter into some new state. — v. t. To suit or be suitable to, be congruous with, befit. — Becoming, a. Appropriate or fit ; graceful ; befitting. — Be- comingly, adv. — Becom'ingness, n. Bed, re. Something to sleep or rest in or on; matrimo- nial connection ; marriage ; a plat of ground in a garden; bottom of a body of water. (Geol.) A layer, seam, or stratum. Place on which anything rests.— v. t. To place in a bed; to plant and inclose or cover; to put in a place of rest and security. — v. i. Togo to bed, cohabit. — Bed'ding, n. Materials for a bed, for man or beast. {Geol.) Position of layers, etc.— Bed' rid, -ridden, -rid-n, a. Confined to the bed by age or infirmity. — Bed'bug, n. An offensive bug, infesting beds. — chamber, n. A room for, etc. — clothes, -clothz, n. Sheets, blank- ets, etc., for, etc. — fellow, n. One who sleeps with another. — piece, -plate, n. {Much.) The founda- tion-framing or block ; base-plate ; sole-plate. — -room, n. An apartment for, etc. —-side, n. Side of, etc. — stead, -sted, n. Frame for supporting, etc. — -tick, n. A cloth case, to inclose the materials of, etc. — time, n. Hour for going to bed. Bedlam, bedlam, n. A madhouse; scene of uproar. Bedouin, bed'oo-en, n. One of the nomad Arab tribes of Arabia and Africa. Bee, be, n. (Entom.) A four-winged insect that makes wax and honey; an assemblage to labor for others. [Ame>:~] pi. (Naut.) Pieces of plank bolted to the outer end of the bowsprit. Beech, bech, n. A tree of the genus Fagus. — Beechen, bech'n, a. Consisting of, or pert, to, the wood or bark of, etc.— Beech/mast, n. The nuts of, etc. — -oil, n. An oil expressed from the mast. 10, round; 11, leg; 12, foot; 13, udder; 14, shin; 1.5, cheek. 1, neck; 2, shaking-piece; 3, chine; 4, ribs ; 5, clod; 6, brisket ; 7, flank ; 8, loin, sirloin ; 9, rump ; Beef,.bMkn. An animal of the genus Bos, including the bull, cow, and ox, in their full-grown state; the flesh of bovine animals, when killed. — a. Pert, to, or consisting of the flesh of, etc. — Beeves, bevz, n. pi., when the animals are meant. — Beefsteak, -stak, n. A slice of beef for broiling. Been. See Be. Beer, ber, n. Fermented liquor made from malted grain, with hops and other bitter flavoring matters; a fermented extract of the roots, etc., of spruce, gin- ger, sassafras, etc. Beet, bet, n. A plant having a succulent root used for food and for making sugar. Beetle, be'tl, n. A heavy mallet or wooden hammer. (Zobl.) A coleopterous insect having four wings, the outer pair being stiff cases to cover the others when folded. A machine to produce figured fabrics by pressure from corrugated rollers. — v. t. To pro duce ornamental figures on. — v. i. To hang or ex tend out; to jut. Befall, be-fawl', v. t. [imp. befell; p. p. -fallen ■falling.] To happen to, occur to. — v. i. To come :n. prep. In front of; preceding in space, to pass, happi ifore, be-for', Before time, dignity, order, right, etc.; in presence or sight of; facing; in the power oi. — adv. On the fore part; in front; in time preceding; already.— Before'- hand, adv. In a state of anticipation; by way of preparation or preliminary. — a. In comfortable financial circumstances; forehanded. Beg, beg or ba, n. An Oriental governor of a town, city, or district; a bey. Beg, beg, v. t. [begged (begd), begging.] To ask earnestly, with humility or in charity ; to entreat, implore; to take for granted, —v. i. To ask alms or charity. — Beggar, beg'ger, n. One who, etc. ; one who lives by begging, a mendicant. — v. t. [beg- gared (-gerd), -garing.] To reduce to beggary, impoverish, exhaust.— Beg'garly, -IT, a. Extremely indigent; mean; poor. Beget, be-get', v. i. [begot or begat ; begot or be- gotten ; begetting.] To procreate, as a father or sire; to generate, produce. Begin, be-gin', v. i. [imp. began ; p. p. begun ; be- ginning.] To have an original or first existence; to take rise, commence; to do the first act, take the first step. — v. t. To enter on, commence. — Begin'- ner, n. One who, etc.; esp. an inexperienced prac- titioner; a tyro.— Begin'ning, ft. The first cause; origin; that which is first; commencement; the ru- diments, first ground, or materials. Begone, be-gawn', inter j. Go away; depart. Begonia, be-go'nf-a, n. A genus of ornamental plants with one-sided leaves, often brightly colored. Beguile, be-gll', v. t. [beguiled (-gild'), beguiling.] To delude by artifice, impose on ; to cause to pass without notice, deceive, cheat, insnare. Behalf, be-haf, n. Advantage; interest; support; de- fense. Behave, be-hav', v. t. [behaved (-havd'), behaving.J To carry, conduct, Dear, — used reflexively. — v. %. To act; to bear or carry one's self. — Behavior, -hav'- ySr, n. Manner of behaving; conduct; deportment. Behead, be-hed', v. t. To sever the head from. Behemoth, be'he-moth, n. An animal described in Job, xl. 15-24, supposed to be the hippopotamus. Behest, be-hesf, n. Command; injunction. Behind, be-hind', prep. On the side opp. the front; at the back or other side of; left at a distance by; inferior to. — adv. In the rear ; backward ; remain- ing; past. — Behindhand, a. In arrear; in a state of backwardness. Behold, be-hold', v. t. [beheld {p. p. formerly be- holden), beholding.] To fix the eyes upon ; to . see with attention. — v. i. To direct the eyes to an object: to look. — Beholden, -hold'n, p. a. Obliged; bound in gratitude; indebted. — Behold'er, n. A spectator. Behoof, be-hoof, n. Advantage; profit; benefit. — Behoove, -hove, -hoov', v. t. [behooved (-hoovd'), -hooving.] To be necessary for; to be fit or meet for. Being. See under Be. Belabor, be-la'ber, v. t. To work diligently upon ; to beat soundly, cudgel. Belay, be-la', v. t. [belayed (-lad'), belaying.] (Jvawi.) To make fast, as a rope, by taking turns with it round a pin, etc. — Belay 'ing-p in, n. A strong pin round which ropes are wound. Belch, belch, .v. t. [belched (belcht), belching.] To throw up from the stomach with violence ; to eruct; to eject violently from within. — v. i. To eject wind from the stomach ; to issue violently. — n. Act of belching; eructation. Beldam, -dame, bel'dain, n. An ugly old woman. sun, cube, full ; moon, fd&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. 3 BELEAGUER 34 BERRY leleaguer. be-le'ger, v. t. [beleaguered (-gerd), -gcering.] To surround ■with an army so as to pre- clude escape; to besiege, blockade, environ. Bel-esprit. See under Beau. Beifry, beKfrl, n. Orig., a movable tower, erected by besiegers f or attack and defense; a bell-tower ; a cu- pola or turret, or room in a tower, for a bell. Belie, be-li', v. t. [belied (-lid'), belying.] To give the lie to; to show to be false; to give a false account of: to slander, counterfeit. Believe, be-leV, v. t. [believed (-levd'), -lievixg.] To-be persuaded of the truth of, place confidence in, credit, — v. i. To have a firm persuasion: to think, suppose. — Believ'er. n. One who. etc.: esp., one who believes in divine revelation. — Belief, -lef r , n. An assent of mind to the truth of a declaration, proposition, etc ; thing believed: a tenet, or body of tenets; credence; trust: faith; confidence. Belike, be-lik'', adv. It is likely: probably: perhaps. Bell, bel, n. A hollow metallic vessel which rings when struck: anything like a bell. — Bells, belz, n. (Xaut.) The half-hours of the watch, indicated bv strokes on the bell. — Bell'bird, n. A bird of Brazil, also one of Australia, whose notes resemble bells. Belladonna, bel'la-don'na, n. Deadly nightshade, formerly used as a cosmetic. Belle. Belles-lettres. See under Beau. Bellicose, bel'if-kos. a. Disposed to contention; pugnacious. — Belligerent, -lij'er-ent, a. Waging war: tending to, or disposed for, war. — n. A na- tion, power, or state, carrying on war. Bellow, bel'lo. v. i. To make a hollow, loud noise, as a bull; to bawl, clamor, roar. -n. A lcud outcry. Bellows, bel'lus, /?. sing, and pi. An instrument to propel air through a tube. — BeKlows-nsh, n. A fish having a long tubular snout, like bel- lows-pipe; the trumpet-fish. Belly, belTf, n. The part of the body con- t a i n i n g the bowels, or in- testines ; the abdomen: any thing resem- bling the belly i n protuber- ance or cavity. —v. I. To swell and become protuberant. Belong, be-long', v. i. [belonged (-lonsd'), belong- ing.] To be the propertv, concern, or proper business of; to appertain: to he a part of. or connected with: to be native to, or to have a legal residence. Beloved, as a pt. be-luvd', as an adj. be-luv'ed. - Greatly loved: dear to the heart. Below, be-lo', prep. Under in place: beneath: not so high; inferior to iu rank, excellence, or dignity; unworthy of; unbefitting, — adv. In a lower place; beneath. Belt, belt, n. That which engirdles, restrains, or con- fines: a band or girdle. — v. t. To encircle as with a belt; to encompass. Bemoan, be-mon', ?•. r. [bemoaned (-monrK). be- moaning.] To express deep grief for. bv moaning; to lament, bewail. Bench, bench, n. A long seat: a work-table; the seat forjudges in court; persons who sit as judges; the court ; a collection of dosrs, usually put on benches, for exhibition. — -war'raht, n. (Law.) A process is- iainst one guilty of contempt, or sued by a court indicted for crime- Bend, bend, v. t. [bended or bent _ , BENDING.] crook by straining; to curve : to turn out of the d To irect course to some certain point: to incline or exercise closely or with interest: to exert; to apply; to ren- der submissive, subdue. (Naut.) To fasten, as one rope to another, or as a sail to its vard. — r. ;. To be moved or strained out of a straight line: to how; to be inclined with interest, or closely; to be direct- ed; to bow in prayer, or in submission, —n. A turn or deflection from a straight line or direction ; a curve; incurvation. (Xaut.) A knot bv which a rope is fastened. (Her.) One of the honorable or- dinaries, made by two lines drawn across from the dexter chief to the sinister base point— Bend'er, n. — Bent, n. State of being inclined from a straight line; flexurej leaning or bias; propensity. Beneath, be-netb/ or -neth', prep. Lower in place, with something over or on ; under; unworthy of; unbecoming. — adv. In a lower place; below, as opp. to heaven, or to any superior region. Benedict, ben'e-dikt. Ben'ediek, n. A married man, or man newly married. Benedictine, ben-e-dikt'in, a. Pert, to the monks of St. Benedict. — n. A monk of the order established by St. Benedict in the lith century; a Black Friar. Benediction, ben-e-dik'shun, it. Act of blessing; bless- ing, prayer, or kind wishes; esp. the short prayer which closes public worship. Benefaction, ben-e-fak'shun, n. Act of conferring a benefit; benefit conferred, esp. a donation. — Bene- fac'tor, -ter, n. One who confers, etc. — Benefac'- tress, n. A woman who, etc. — Ben'efice. -ns, n. Lit., a benefit, advantage, or kindness. {Church or' Eng^) An ecclesiastical living. — Beneficed, -list, a. Possessed of a benefice. — Beneficence, -nef- Y-sens, n. Practice of doing good; active goodness or charity. — Beneficent, a. Doing good; bounti- ful: generous; muniricent.— Beneficently, adv.— Beneficial. -e-rish'al. a. Conferring benefits; profit- able. (Law.) Receiving, or entitled to receive, ad- vantage, use. or benefit. — Benefi'cially, adv. — Beneficiary, -fish'T-er-I, a. Holding office or pos- session, in subordination to another. — n. A feuda- tory or vassal; one who holds a benefice: one who receives a gift, or is maintained by charity. — Ben'- efit, /!. An act of kindness; favor conferred; what- ever promotes prosperity, or adds value to property. A performance at a theater, etc., in aid of some person or object. (Eng. Law.) Benefit of clergy, — the exemption of clergymen from criminal pro- cess before a secular judge, anciently extended to all who could read. — v. t. To do good to, be use- ful to. — v. i. To gain advantage. Benevolence, be-nev'o-lens, w. Disposition to do good; benignity; tenderness: charitableness; an act of kindness; a tax illegally exacted by arbitrary knurs of England. See Phrenology.— Benev'o- lent, a. Having a disposition to do good: possessing love to mankind. — Benev'olently, adv. Bengal light, ben-gawK-lit. Bengola, -go'la, n. A fire- work, producing a vivid and sustained colored light, used for signals at night. Bengalee, Bengali, ben-gaw-le', n. _ The language spoken in .bengal. — Bengalese, -ez', n.sing. arid pi. A native, or the natives of, etc. — a. Pert, to Bengal or to its people. Benight, be-nTf, v. t. To involve in night or dark- ness; esp. in moral darkness or ignorance. Benign. be-nTn r , a. Of a kind disposition ; mani- festing kindness, gentleness, favor, etc.: propitious: salutary; gracious. — Benig'nant, a. Kind. — Be- nig'nantly, adv. — Benig'nity.-ni'-ti, n. Quality of being benign; condescending kindness; gracious- ness; salubrity: wholesome quality. Bent. See under Bend. Benzoin, ben-zoin', n. A frasrrant resin from a tree of Sumatra. Java, etc. — Benzo'ic, a. Pert, to, or ob- tained from, etc. — Ben'zine, -zin or -zen. v. A light oil of petroleum.— Benzole, -zoK. Ben'zoline, -zo-lin, n. (Chem.) An oily substance obtained from coal tar, and possessing solvent powers. Bequeath, be-kwerli'', r. t. [bequeathed (-kwettid), -queathing.] To give or leave by will ; to hand down, devise. — Bequeath 'er, n. — Bequest, -kwesf, n. (Law.)_ Something left by will; legacy. Berate, be-raf, v. t. To rate, or chide, vehemently; to scold. Bereave, be-rev'. v. t. [bereaved (-revd') or bereft: bereaving.] To make destitute, deprivegj^o take awav from. — Bereavs'ment, ».— Bereav'er. n. Berg. berg. n. A large mass or mountain of ice. Berlin, ber'lin or ber-lin', n. A four-wheeled car- riage, like a chariot; a fine worsted for fancy work. Eerry. b&:'Y, n. A small pulpy fruit containing- seeds; an egg of a fish. — v. i. To bear or produce berries. — v. t. To impregnate with eggs or spawn. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r : BERTH 35 BIBLIOGRAPHER Berth, berth, n. The place where a ship lies when at anchor, or at a wharf : a sleeping-place in a ship; official situation, position or employment. — v. t. To give an anchorage or place to lie at ; to furnish berths to. Beryl, ber'il, n. A hard green or bluish-green min- eral, same as the emerald, except in color. Beseech, be-sech'", v. t. [besought (-sawf), beseech- ing.] To ask urgently; to solicit, supplicate. Beseem, be-sem-', v. t. To be fit for, or worthy of; to befit. Beset, be-set', v. t. [beset; besetting.] To put or place, on, in, or around; to stop up, waylay, block- ade; to hem in or press on all sides; to environ, be- siege, embarrass, urge. Beshrew, be-shroV, r. t. To wish curses to; to execrate. Beside, be-sid', prep. At the side of; aside from; out of the regular course or order; out of. — Besides, -sidz', adv. More than that; moreover; in addition. —prep. Over and above; separate or distinct from; in addition to. — To be beside one's self. To be out of one's senses, or frantic. Besiege, be-sej', v. t. [besieged (-sejd')i -sieging.] To beset with armed forces, in order to compel to surrender; to beleaguer, invest. — Besieg'er, n. Besique, -zique, ba-zek', n. A game of cards, played by two or four persons, with two packs from which certain small cards have been removed. [F.] Besot, be-sot', v.t. To make sottish by drink; to make dull or stupid. — Besot'tedly, adv. — Besot'- tedness, n. State of being besotted ; infatuation. Besought. See Beseech. Bespatter, be-spat'ter, v. t. [bespattered (-spaf- terd), -tering.] To soil by spattering; to sprinkle with water or dirt; to asperse with calumny. Bespeak, be-spek', r. t. [imp. bespoke ; p. p. bespoke or bespoken; bespeaking.] To speak for, or en- gage, beforehand; to indicate or show beforehand; to speak to, address; to betoken, show. Bessemer steel, bes'se-mer stel. Steel made directly from cast-iron, by a process invented by Sir Henry Bessemer. Best, best, a. (superl. of Good.) Having excellence in the highest degree; most good; most advanced; most correct or complete. — n. Utmost ; highest en- deavor. — adv. (superl. or' Well.) In the highest degree; beyond all other; to the most advantage; with the most success, ease, propriety, etc. ; most particularly: most correctly. Bestow, be-sto', v. t. [bestowed (-stodl, bestowing.] To lay up in store; deposit for safe-keeping; to make "use of, apply; to give, confer, or impart — Bestow'al, n. Act of, etc.; disposal. — Bestow'er, n. — Bestow'ment, n. Act of, etc.; that which is be- stowed; donation. Bestride, be-strid', v. t. [imp. bestrid or -strode; p. p. -strid or -stridden ; -striding.] To stride over: to stand or sit with anything between the legs, or with the legs extended across.' Bet, n. That which is staked, or pledged, in a con- test : a wager. — v. t. To stake, or pledge upon the event of a "contest; to wager. Betake, be-tak', v. t. [imp. betook: p. p. betaken (be-tak'n); betaking.] To have recourse to; to apply; to resort. Bethel, beth'el, n. A chapel for dissenters in Eng., and for seamen in the U. S. Bethink, be-think'. v. t. [-thought (-thawf), -think- ing.] To call to mind, recall, recollect, reflect. Betide, be-tid', v. t. [imp. betid or betide d : p. p. betid ; betiding.] To happen to, befall, come to. — v. i. To come to pass, happen. Betime, be-tim', -times, -timz', adv. In good time ; seasonably; in a short time: soon. Betoken, be-to'kn, v. t. [betokened (-tok'nd), -ening.] To signify by some visible object; to fore- show by present signs," presage, portend, note. Betray, be-tra', v. t. [betrayed (-trad r ), -traying.] To give up treacherously; to violate the confidence of ; to disclose or discover ; to mislead; to fail in re- spect to reliance placed in or upon. — Betray'al, n. Act of, etc. —Betray'' er, n. One who, etc.: a traitor. Betroth, be-troth', v. t. To contract to any one; to af- fiance; to contract with for a future spouse; to es- pouse: to nominate to a bishopric, in order to con- Bevel. secration. — Betroth'' al, -ment, n. A mutual en- gagement for marriage ; espousals. Better, bet'ter, a. (comp. of Good). Having good qualities in a greater degree ; preferable in value, use, safety, etc. ; improved in health. — n. Advan- tage, superiority, or victory ; improvement; pi. those who have claim to precedence; superiors. — adv. (comp. of Well). In a superior manner: more cor- rectly; in a higher degree; more. — v. t. [bettered (-terd), -tering.] —To increase the good qualities of; to improve, amend, correct, promote. Between, be-twen r , prep. In the intermediate space of, without regard to distance; from one to another of; shared by two or both of; in intermediate relation to. — Between'-decks, n. (Naut.) The open space between two decks of a ship. — Betwixt, -twiksf, prep. Same as Between. Bevel, bev'el, n. A slant of a surface at an angle other than a right angle; an instrument for measuring angles. — a. Having the form of a bevel; slanting. — v. t. [bev- eled (-eld), -eling.] To cut to a bevel angle. — v. i. To slant to a bevel angle, < or from a direct line. — Bev'el-gear, n. (JIach.) Wheelwork in which one wheel drives another moving in a different plane. — wheel, n. A wheel having teeth set at an angle greater or less than half a right angle. Beverage, bev'er-ej, n. Drink ; liquor for drinking. Bevy, bev'T, n. A flock of birds; a company ; an as- sembly of persons, esp. ladies. Bewail, be-waK, v. t. [bewailed (-wald r ), -wailing.] To express sorrow for, as by wailing; to mourn, la- ment.— v. i. To express grief. Beware, be-war', v. i. To restrain or guard one's self; to be cautious, take care. Bewilder, be-wil'der, v. t. [bewildered (-wiKderd), -dering.] To lead into perplexity ; to perplex, entangle, confuse, confound, puzzle. — Bewirder- ingly, adv. — Bewil'derment, n. State of being, etc. Bewitch, be-wich', v. t. [bewitched (-wichtO, -witching.] To gain an ascendency over by charms; to affect by witchcraft or sorcery;" to fascinate. Bewray, be-ra', v. t. [bewrayed (-rad"), -wraying.] To disclose perfidiously, betrav. Bey, ba, n. A governor of a Turkish town or district; in some places, a prince: — same as Beg. Beyond, be-yond'.^-e/}. On the further side of; before, in place or time; further than; past; above, in dig- nitv, excellence, etc. — adv. At a distance; yonder. Bezant. See Byzant. Bezel, bez'el, n. The part of a ring encompassing and fastening the stone. [F.] Bezique. See Besique. Bias, bi r as, n. A weight on the side of a bowl which turns it from a straight line; a leaning of the mind: propensity towards an object; bent; prejudice; in- clination; a wedge-shaped piece taken out of a gar- ment to diminish its circumference.— adv. In a slanting manner; crosswise; diagonally. — v. t. [bi- ased (br'ast), -asing.] To incline to one side; to give a particular direction to, prejudice, prepossess. Biaxal, bi-aks'al, Biax'ial, -T-al, a. (Opt.) Having two axes. Bib, n. A cloth worn by children over the breast. — Bibacious, bi-ba'shus, a. Addicted to drinking. — Bibaeity, -bas'Y-tT, n. Love of, etc. — Bib'ber, n. One addicted, etc.; a tippler. — Bib'ulous, -u-lus, a. Absorbing moisture; spongv; porous. Bibasic, bi-ba'sik, a. (Cherii.) Capable of combining with two parts or equivalents of a base; or contain- ing two equivalents of abase to one of acid. Bible, bi'bl, n. The Book; the volume containing the Scriptures. — Biblical, bib'lT-kal. a. Pert, to the Bible. — Bib'lically, adv. — Bib'licist, -lt-sist. Bib'list, n. One who makes the Scriptures the sole rule of faith; a Bihlical scholar. Bibliographer, bib-lT-og , ra-fer, n. One versed in bibliography. — Bibliog / 'raphy, -ra-fT, ??. A descrip- tion of books and manuscripts. — Bibliograpb/ic, -ical, a. Pert, to bibliography. — Bibliograph'ically. adv. — BiblioKogy, n. A treatise on books; biblical literature. — Bib'lioma'nia, -ma'nl-a, n. A rage for possessing curious books. — Bibliophile, -fil, n. One who loves books. sun, cube, full ; moon, fot)t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxboN, chair, get. BICAPSULAR 36 BIRCH Bicapsular, bi-kap'su-ler, a. (Bot.) Having two seed capsules to each flower._ Bicarbonate, bi-kar'bo-nat, n. (Chem.) A carbonate having 2 equivalents of carbonic acid to 1 of base. Bice, Bise, bis, n. {Paint.) A pale blue color, prepared from blue carbonate of copper, or from smalt. Biceps, bi'seps, n. (Anat.) A muscle having two origins. Bicker, bik'er, v. i. [bickered (-erd), -ering.] To skirmish; to contend in words or petulant alterca- tion; to quarrel, wrangle; to move quickly; to be tremulous, like flame or water; to quiver. Eicolor, bi-kuKer, -ored. -erd,_a. Of two colors. Bicuspid, bi-kus'pid, -pidate, -at, a. Having two points. Bicycle, bi'sY-kl, n. A two-wheeled velocipede. Bid, v. t. [imp. bid or bade (bad); p. p. bid or bid- den; bidding.] To offer; esp. to offer to pay; to declare, as a wish, greeting, defiance, etc.; to order, command, invite. — n. An offer of a price, esp. at auctions. Bide, bid, v. ?'. To dwell permanently; to inhabit. — v.t. To endure, suffer, wait for. Biennial, bi-en'nY-al, a. Continuing for two years, and then perishing: occurring once in two years.— n. (Bot.) A plant that lasts for two years, and then perishes. — Bien'nially, adv. Once "in, or at the re- turn of, two years. Bier, ber, n. A frame for conveying the dead to the grave. Bifurcate, bi-fer'kat. -cated, -ka-ted. a. Forked; di- vided into two branches. — Bifurca'tion, n. A fork- ing.— Bifurcous, -fer'kus, a. (Bot.) Two-forked. Big, a. Having largeness of size, bulk, etc. ; great with young ; pregnant; full of something porten- tous; proud; arrogant. Bigamy, big'a-mY, n. (Laio.) The crime of having two wives or husbands at once. — Big'amist, n. One guilty of, etc. Biggin, big'gin, n. A child's cap or hood. A piggin, or small wooden vessel; a contrivance for hold'ing coffee-grounds (a bag or perforated metallic vessel) through which boiling water is poured. Bight, bit, n. ( Geog.) A^bend in the sea-coast forming a bay. (Xaut.) The double part of a folded rope; a round, bend, or coil anywhere except at the ends. Bigot, big'ot, n. One unreasonably wedded to some religious creed, practice, ritual, etc.; a devotee.— Big'otry. -rY, n. Perverse or blind attachment to, etc.; the practice or tenet of a bigot. Bilateral, bi-lat'er-al, a. Having two sides; pert, to the two sides of a central organ or axis. Bilberry, bil'ber-ri, n. A shrub of the whortleberrv family, and its fruit. Bile, oil, n. A yellow, greenish, bitter, viscid fluid secreted by the liver; ill-humor. —Biliary, biKya-rl, a. (Med.) Pert, to, or conveying, etc. —Billions, -yus, a. Pert, to, or disordered im'the bile; having an excess of bile. Bile. See Boil, k. Bilge, bilj, n. The protuberant part of a cask. (Naut.) The broadest part of a ship's bottom, —v.t. [bilged (bilid), bilging.] {Xaut.) To suffer fracture in the bilge; to spring a leak. Bilingual, bi-lin'gwal, -guar, -gwar, a. Containing two languages. — Bilin'guous, -gwus, a. Having two tongues, or speaking two languages. Bilk, bilk, v. t. [bilked (bilkt), bilking.] To disap- point, deceive, or defraud, bv non-fulfillment of engagement. Bill, bil, n. The beak of a fowl; note of a bird. — v. t. To join bills, as doves; to caress. Bill, bil, n. A hook-shaped cutting instrument : an ancient battle-ax; a pickax, or mattock. (Naut.) The point of the fluke of an anchor. Bill, bil, n. (Law.) A written declaration of wrong suffered, or fault committed ; an obligation given tor money: a promissory note ; a proposed law. An advertisement posted publicly: an account of goods sold or services rendered, with price annexed ; any __ paper containing a statement of particulars. .billet, biKlet, n. A note in writing, or short letter: a ticket from a public officer directing soldiers where to lodge. — v. t. (Mil.) To direct, bv ticket, where to lodge: to quarter, as soldiers in private houses — Billet-doux, hil'le-doo', n. A love letter. Billet, biKlet. n. A small stick of wood. Billiard. biKyard, a. Pert, to the game of billiards. — BiKliards. -yardz. n. pi. A game'played with balls, on a rectangular table._ Billingsgate, biKlingz-gat, n. Foul or profane lan- guage; ribaldry. Billion, biKyun.'n. According to French numeration, a thousand millions, or 1,000,000,000; according to the English method, a million of millions, or 1,000.- 000,000,000. Billow, biKlo, n. A great wave or surge of the sea. j Billy, bill!,.?!. A watchman's club. ! Bilobed, bKlobd, -lobate, -lo'bat, a. (Bot.) Divided I into two lobes. Bimanous, bi-ma'nus, a. (Zo'ol.) Having two hands. j Bimensal, bi-men'sal, -mestrial, -mes'trl-al, -monthly, ! -muntlKLY, a. Occurring once in two months. I Bimetalism, bi-mefal-izm, n. The use as legal ten- der of coins of two metals at a fixed relative value. — Bimetal'lic, a. — Bimet'allist, n. One who advo- cates, etc. Bin, n. A box or inclosed place, used as a repository. — v. t. [binned (bYnd), binning.] To store in a bin. Binary, bKna-rY, a. Compounded of two; double.— Binary arithmetic. That in which two figures only, 0andl,are used, in lieu of ten.— Binary compounds. (Chem.) A compound of two elements. — Bi'nate, -nat, a. (Bot.) Double or in couples ; growing in pairs. Bind, bind, v. t. [imp. bound (bownd); p. p. bound, formerly bounden ; binding.] To tie together or confine with cord, bands, etc. ; to restrain or hold; to protect or strengthen by a band, or cover; to place under legal obligation to serve.— zv. i. To contract; to grow liard or stiff ; to be restrained from mo- tion; to be obligatory. — n. A stalk of hops, which winds round a pole or tree. — Bind'er. n. One who, etc., esp. who binds books; anything that binds; a bandage. — Bind'ery, -er-Y, ji. A place where books, etc., are bound. — Bind'ing, a. Having power to bind or oblige; obligatory. — n. Act of fastening with a band; anything that binds, as a bandage, the cover of a book* or something to secure the edge of cloth from raveling. Binnacle, bin'na-kl, n. (Xaut.) A box containing a ship's compass and a light to show it at night. Binocle, bin'o-kl, n. A telescope fitted with two tubes joining. — Binoc'ular. -u-ler, a. Having two eyes; with, or pert, to both eyes; adapted to the use of, etc. — Binoc''- ulate, -lat, a. Having two eyes. Binomial, Di-no'mY-al, n. (Alg.) An ex- pression consisting of 2 terms connected by the sign plus or minus; as a + b, or 7— S. — a. Consisting of 2 terms; pert, to bi- Binnacle, nomials. Biography, bi-og'ra-fY, n. History of the life of a person; biographical writings in general. — Biog'- rapher, -ra-fer, n. One who writes, etc. — Biograph- ic, -ical, -grafik-al, a. Pert, to, or containing, etc. — Biograpb/ically, adr. Biology, bi-oKo-jY, n. The science of life and living things, animal and vegetable. Biophagous, bi-ofa-gus, a. Consuming living creat- ures. — said of insectivorous plants. Biparous, bi-pa'rus or bip'a-rus, a. Bringing forth two at a birth. Bipartible, bi-par'tY-bl, -tile, -til, a. Capable of being divided into two parts. — Bipartite, bi-par'tit or bip'ar-rit, a. Having two correspondent parts, as a contract, one for each party; divided into two parts, as a leaf. — Biparti'tion, n~. Act of dividing, etc. Biped, bi'ped, n. An animal having two feet. Bipennate, bi-pen'nat, -nated. a. Having two wings. Bipetalous, bi-pefal-us, a. (Bot.) Having 2 petals or flower-leaves. Biplicate. bi-pii''kat. a. Twice folded together. Biquadrate. bi-kwod'rat, -rat'ic, n. (Math.) The 4th power, arising from the multiplication of a square number or quantity by itself. Birch, berch, n. A forest tree of several species; a rod of birch. — Birch, Birchen, berch'n, a. Consisting of, or pert, to, etc. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Yn, ice ; 5dd, tone, or ; BIRD 37 BLACK Bird, berd, n. A two-legged, feathered, flying animal. •— v. i. To catch or shoot birds. —Bird' s'-eye, a. Seen from above, as if by a flying bird; general; not in detail. — Bird's'nest, re. The nest in which a bird lays eggs. — v. i. To hunt for birds' nests. Birth, berth, re. Act of coming into life, or being born; lineage; extraction; natural state or position; act of bringing forth; that which is produced, ani- mal or vegetable; origin; beginning. — New birth. (Theol.) Regeneration, or the commencement of a religious life.— Birth'day, re. The day in which one is born ; its anniversary. — -mark, re. Some mark or blemish on the body at birth. place, re. The place where one is born ; place of origin.— -right, -rlt, re. Any right or privilege to which a person is entitled by birth. Biscuit, bis'kit, re. Unleavened bread baked hard; a small loaf of leavened and shortened bread; a thin, crisp cake or cracker ; earthen ware after its first baking, before glazing. Bisect, bi-sekf, v. t. To cut into two parts. (Geom.) To divide into two equal parts. — Bisection, -sek'- shun, n. Act of, etc. — Biseg'ment, re. One part of a line, or other magnitude, divided into two equal parts. Bisexual, bi-seks'u-al, a. (Bot.) Of both sexes. Biserial, bi-se'ri-al, a. Arranged in a double series. Bishop, bish/up, re. An overseer; a spiritual superin- tendent; in Episcopal usage, the highest of the 3 or- ders of the Christian ministry; a piece in the game of chess. — Bisb/opric, re. A diocese; district over which a bishop has- jurisdiction; office of, etc. Bismuth, biz'muth, n. A reddish-white metal, harder than lead, and brittle. Bison, hi' son or bi'sn, re. A quadruped of North America, popularly, but in- correctly, called the buffalo. Bisque, Bisk, bisk, re. A soup made of crayfish, or by boil- ing together several kinds of flesh. [F.] Bissextile, bis-seks'til, re. Leap year; every 4th year, in which a day is added in the month of February.— «. Pert, to, etc. Bister, Bistre, bis'ter, re. A dark-brown pigment ex- tracted from wood-soot. Bistort, bis'tSrt^re. A plant, called also snake-weed. Bistoury, bis'too-rT, re. A surgical instrument for making incisions. _ Bisulcate, bi-sul'kat, a. Two-furrowed. (Zo'61.) Cloven-footed.— BisuKcous, -kus, a. Cloven-footed, as swine or oxen. _ Bisulphate, bi-sul r fat, re. (Chctn.) A sulphate having two equivalents of sulphuric acid to one of the base. — Bisul'phuret, -fu-ret, re. (Chem.) A sulphuret with two atoms of sulphur, as the electro-negative ingredient. Bit. See under Bcte. Bitch, bich, re. The female of the canine kind, as of the dog, wolf, and fox ; a name of reproach for a woman. Bite, bit, v. t. [bit or bitten (bit'tn), biting.] To cut, crush, or seize with the teeth ; to cause sharp pain or smarting to; to cheat, trick; to take hold of, adhere to. — v. i. To seize or wound with the teeth or mouth; to cause hurt, pain, or injury. — re. Act of biting; the wound made by the teeth; a morsel; mouthful; the hold or purchase of a tool; a cheat; trick; sharper. — Bi'ter, re. One who, or that which, bites. — Bi'ting, a. Sharp; severe; sarcastic; caustic— Bi'tingly, adv.— Bi'ting-in, re. (Etching.) Process of corroding metallic plates, by means of acid. — Bit, bit, re. A mouthful ; morsel ; bite ; hence, a small piece of anything; a small coin in several countries ; small in- strument for boring. — The mouth-piece of a bridle, to which the reins are fastened. — v. t. To put a bit in the mouth of. — Bif-stock, n. A brace or handle, to hold the bit in boring. American Bison. Carpenter's bits, bit, v. t.\Naut.) To put round the bitts.— Bitts, bitz, re. pi. A frame of timbers to hold a ship's ca- bles. Bittacle, bifta-kl, re. The box for the compass on board a ship. [See Binnacle.] Bitter, bifter, a. Having a peculiar, acrid, biting taste ; causing pain, smart, or distress ; character- ized by sharpness, severitv, or cruelty; mournful; distressing; pitiable. — Bit^terish, a. Somewhat bit- ter.— Bit'terishness, re. — Bit'terly, adv. — Bitter- ness, re.— Bit 'tern, -tern,»re. The brine remaining in saltworks after the salt is concreted; a very bitter compound of quassia, cocculus indicus, etc. — Bit'- ters, -terz, re. pi. Liquor, generally spirituous, in which bitter herbs or roots have been steeped.— Bit'ter-spar, -spar, re. A mineral consisting of car- bonate of lime and carbonate of magnesia, — the soluble salts of the magnesia being bitter. — Bif- ter-sweet, re. (Bot.) A climbing plant, whose root, when chewed, produces a bitter, then a sweet taste. — Bit'terwort, -wert, re. (Bot.) Yellow gentian. Bittern, biftern, re. A wading bird of Europe, re- lated to the heron. Bitumen, bi-tu'men, re. Mineral pitch, a substance smelling like pitch and burning with a bright flame, without residue. [L.]— Bitu'minate, v.t. To im- pregnate with, etc. — Bitu/minize, -niz, v. t. [bitu- minized (-nizd), -xizing.] To form into or impreg- nate with, etc. — Bitu 'urinous, -nus, a. Having the qualities of, compounded with, or containing, etc. Bivalve, bi'valv, re. (Zo'61.) A mollusk having a shell in two parts. (Bot.) A pericarp in which the seed-case opens or splits into two parts. — Bi 'valve, -valved. -valvd, -valvous, -valv'- us, -valv'ular, -u-ler, a. Bivouac, biv'wak, re. (Mil.) The guard or watch of a whole army; an encampment without tents. — | v. t. [bivouacked (-wakt), -wacking.] To be on guard; to encamp without covering. Biweekly, bi'wek'li, a. Occurring once in ever}' two weeks. Bizarre, be-zar', a. Odd; fantasti- cal; whimsical. Blab, blab, v. t. [blabbed (blabd), blabbing.] To tell unnecessarily, or indiscreetly. — v. i. To talk thoughtlessly; to tattle. — re. One who blabs; a babbler. Black, blak, a. Destitute of light, or incapable of re- flecting it; very dark or gloomy; dismal or forbid- ding; destitute of moral light or goodness, —re. The darkest color, or rather a destitution of all color; a negro; a black dress, or mourning. — v. t. [blacked (blakt), blacking.] To make black; to blacken. — Blacken, blak'n, v. t. [blackened (-nd), -ening.J To make black or dark; to sully, defame, make in- famous. — v. i. To grow black or dark. — Black'- ing, n. A preparation for blacking shoes, etc.— Blackish, a. Somewhat black. — Blackly, adv. Darkly; gloomily; atrociously. — Black'ness, re.— Black art. Conjuration; magic. — amoor, re. A negro. — ball, re. A composition for blacking shoes, etc.; a ball of black color, used as a negative in voting. — v. t. [-balled (-bawld), -balling.] To _ reject by putting black balls into a ballot-box. — ' -band, re. A valuable iron ore, containing enough coaly matter for its own calcination. — berry, -ber- rY, re. A species of bramble; its edible fruit. — bird, re. In Eng. a species of thrush : in Amer. the name is given to different birds. — board, re. A board used to write or draw on with chalk. — -book, re. A book for registering misdemeanors ; a book on necro- mancy. — -browed, -browd, a. Threatening; dis- mal. — cattle, -kat'tl, re. Cattle reared for slaugh- ter, of whatever color. [Eng.] A breed of Dutch cattle of a black color. cock, re. The heath- cock; black grouse; black game. — currant, re. A garden fruit. — -drop, re. (3fed.) A liquid prep- aration of opium in vinegar. — fish, re. A fish caught off New England, the tautog ; a small kind of whale. flux, re. A compound used to assist in melting metals. — -friar, re. A friar of the Domin- ican order. — -guard, blag'gard, re. Orig. the lower menials of a court; hence a scurrilous person of low Bivalve. sun, cube, full ; moon, fo"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. BLADDER 38 BLIND character. — v. t. To revile in scurrilous language. [Orig. the guard of the devil; thence, a fit attendant on the devil.] — guardism, n. Conduct or language of a blackguard. hole, n. A dark dungeon for refractory prisoners. — -jack, n. A mineral ore, false gale'na, -which is the sulphuret of zinc, or zinc blende; a species of oak, called also barren oak; a small, heavy bludgeon. — lead, -led, n. A mineral composed of carbon ; plumbago : graphite. [From its color and its marking paper like lead.] — -leg, n. A gambler and cheat; a disease of sheep and calves. — letter, n. The old English or modern Gothic let- ter, used in early manuscripts and the first printed books. — a. 'Written or printed in black-letter; stu- dious of old books. — mail, n. A rate of money, cattle, etc., anciently paid to robbers for exemption from pillage ; extortion of money by threats. — -martin, n. A bird of the swallow family. pud- ding, -pud'ding, n. A kind of sausage made of blood, suet, etcT — rod, n. The usher of the order of the Garter, who carries a black rod. [Eng.] — -rust, n. A disease of wheat. smith, n. A smith who works in iron. ■ snake, n. A ser- pent of a black color : two species are found in America. — -strap, n. A mixture of spirituous liquor and molasses. tail, n. A kind of perch. thorn, n. A spiny plant bearing a small black fruit, used for hedges"; the sloe. vomit, n. A vomiting of dark-colored matter; or the substance so discharged, a symptom in yellow fever. — wal- nut. An American tree having dark-colored wood. Bladder, blad'der, n. (Anat.) A bag or sac in animals, containing some secreted fluid; the air bag in fish. Blade, blad, ?i. The leaf, or flat part of the leaf, of a plant, esp. of gramineous plants; the cutting part of an instrumenF: broad part of an oar. (Anat.) The scapula. A sharp-witted, clashing fellow; a rake. — v. t. To furnish with a blade. — v. i. To have, etc. Blain, blan, n. An inflammatory swelling or sore; a pustule; blister. Blame, blam, v. t. [blamed (blamd), blaming.] To censure, find fault with. — n. Expression of disap- probation ; that which deserves censure ; fault; wrong-doing. — Blam'able, -a-bl. a. Deserving of censure; culpable; reprehensible. — Blam'ableness, n. — Blam'ably, ad c— Blame'ful. a. Meriting blame. — Blameless, a. Without fault ; innocent: irre- proachable.— Blamelessly, adv. — Blamelessness, n. — Blam'er, n. One who, etc. — Blame'wor'thy, -wer'thf, a. Same as blamable. — Blame 'wor'thi- ness, n. Blanch. Blanc-mange. See under Blank. Bland, bland, a. Pleasing by soothing qualities; mild; gentle ; courteous. — Blandalion, n. Gross flattery. — BlandiKoquence, n. Fair, mild, flattering speech. — Blandish, v. t. [blandished (-isht), -ishing.] To flatter by kind words or affectionate actions ; to soften, caress. — v. i. To act or speak affection- \ ately. — Bland 'isher, n.— Blandishment, u. Words or actions of affection; artful caresses. Blank, blank, a. Of a white or pale color; pale from ! fear; dispirited; lacking something ; empty; with- J out mixture with anything else; pure. — ?;." Avoid space; a ticket in a lottery which draws no prize; a paper unwritten; a blank ballot; a document, j with vacant spaces left to be filled with names, date, etc. The white spot of a target at which aim is ] taken. (Mech.) A piece of metal prepared to be made into something by a further operation. — Blankly, adv. With paleness; confusedly; vacantly, j — Blank'ness, n. — Blanch, blanch, v. t. '[blanched (blancht). blanching.] To take out the color and j make white; to whiten: to make white by stripping off the peel; to give a favorable appearance. — v. i. To grow or become white. — Blanc-mange, bl&N'- maxzh', -manger, -ma> T/ zha, n. A preparation of I dissolved isinglass or sea-moss, milk, sugar, etc., ! boiled till thick. Blanket, blanket, n. A loosely woven woolen cover, to protect from cold; a kind of pear. — v. t. To cover with a blanket. Blare, blar, v. i. To sound loudly; to roar. — n. Xoise: loud sound. Blarney, blarlrf, n. Smooth, deceitful talk; flattery. — v. t. To deceive or flatter by smooth talk. Blase", bla-zal a. Surfeited; incapable of further en- joyment. [F.] Blaspheme, bias-fern', v. t. [blasphemed (-femd'), -pheming.] To speak reproachfully or impiously of; to utter abuse or calumny against. — v. i. To utter blasphemy. — Blas'phemous, -fe-mus, a. Con- taining blasphemy ; impiously irreverent or re- j proachful toward God. — Bias 'phemy, n. An indig- i nity offered to God by reproachful, contemptuous, t or irreverent words. : Blast, blast, n. A destructive or pernicious wind; a forcible stream of air from an orifice ; exhaust steam from an engine, or the draught through the ■ fire produced thereby; the sound made by blowing a wind instrument; the rending of rocks', etc., by explosives, or the charge used for this purpose: a [ blight; a flatulent disease of sheep, —v.t. To in- jure, as by a noxious wind; to blight; to affect with sudden violence; to confound, or strike with force, by a loud blast; to split, as by explosion. Blatant, blalant, a. Bellowing, as a calf; noisy. Blather, blath'er, n. Foolish chatter.— v. i. To talk ; idly. — Blath'erskite, -skit, n. An obtrusive bab- i bier, or his talk. — Blatter, blatler, v. i. To patter; ' to make a senseless noise; to rail. Blaze, blaz, n. The stream of light and heat from a burning body; flame: light, as from flame: a white spot on a horse's face: a spot made on a tree by ! chipping off bark. — v. i. [blazed (blazd), bla- l zing.] To shine with flame; to send forth bright light; to be conspicuous. — v. I. To mark, as bychip- ' ping a tree. Blaze, blaz, v. t. To publish far and wide, proclaim. — Blazon, bla'zn, v. t. [blazoned (bla'znd), -zon- ing.] To display, exhibit conspicuously, embellish, adorn; to explain in proper terms, as the figures on armorial ensigns. — n. Art of drawing, or explain- I ing coats of arms; the representation on coats of arms; ostentatious display; publication. Bleaberry, ble'ber-rf, n. A plant having leaves like box, and purple berries. Bleach, blech, v. t. [bleached (blecht). bleaching.] To make white, or whiter, by removing the original j color; to blanch. — v. i. To grow white. Bleak, blek, a. Orig., without"color; pale; hence, des- i olate and exposed ; cold ; cheerless. — n. The blay, j a small, white, river fish. Blear, bier, a. Dim. or sore with rheum, — applied to | the_eyes; causing dimness of sight, — v.t. [bleared I (blerd), blearing.] To affect with soreness of I eyes, or a watery humor; to make dim. | Bleat, blet, v. i. To cry as a sheep. — n. The noise of, j etc. ' Bleed, bled, v. ?'. [bled (bled), bleeding.] To lose i blood; to die by slaughter; to drop, as blood, from i an incision; to lose sap, gum, or juice; to pay or lose money. — v. t. To take blood from by opening a vein ; to draw money from. Blemish, blemish, v. t. [blemished (-isht), -isiiing.] To mark with deformity; to mar, or make defec- tive; to tarnish; defame. — n. A mark of deform- ity; spot; flaw; taint; imputation. Blench, blench, v. ?". [blenched (blencht), blench- ing.] To shrink; to start back, from lack of cour- age or resolution; to flinch. — v. t. To baffle, dis- concert, break. Blend, blend, v. t. [blended or blent, blending.] To mix together, — v. i. To be mixed; to be united. Blende, blend, n. An ore of zinc, consisting of zinc and sulphur. Bless, bles, v. t. [blessed (blest) or blest, blessing.] To make happy; to invoke a blessing upon. (Bib.) To praise, or glorify, for benefits. — Bless^ed. a. Enjoy- ing happiness or bliss: favored with blessings; im- parting happiness; hallowed by associations; heav- enly. — Bless 'edness, n. State of being blessed; be- atitude; felicity; heavenly joys. Blew. See Blow. Blight, blit, n. Mildew; deca}": what frustrates plans or withers hopes ; a species of plant-louse, destruc- tive to fruit trees. — v. t. To affect with blight ; to blast, frustrate. Blind, blind, a. Destitute of the sense of seeing; un- able to discern, understand, or judge; morally de- praved ; indiscernible; hidden: unseen. — 1\ t. To am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; f n, ice ; Odd, tone, BLINK 39 BLOWZE deprive of bight or discernment; to obscure; t6 de- ceive.— n. Something to hinder sight or keep out light; a screen; something to mislead the eye or un- derstanding. — Blindfold, a. Having the eyes cov- ered; undiscerning. — v. t. To cover the eyes of; to hinder from seeing. — Blind'ly, adv. — Blind'-inan's- bufl v , n. A play in which a blind-folded person hunts others. — Blind'ness, n. — Blind'-side, n. Side on which one is most easily assailed; foible.— Blind'- worm,-werm, n. A small reptile, like a snake, whose eyes are nearly imperceptible; the slow-worm. Blink, blink, v. L To wink; to see with eyes half shut; to glimmer, — v. i. To shut out of sight, avoid or evade, conceal. — n. A glimpse or glance. (Naut.) Dazzling whiteness about the horizon reflected from fields of ice at sea. Bliss, blis, n. The highest degree of happiness; felici- ty; joy. — Bliss'ful, a. Full of, etc. —Blithe, bivtlie, a. (Gay ; sprightly. — Blithe'ly, adv. — Blithe'ness, n. — Blithe'some, a. Blithe. — Blithe'someness, n. Blister, blis'ter, n. A thin watery bladder on the skin; a tumor made by a separation of the film or skin, as on plants, or by swelling of the substance at the surface, as on steel; a vesicatory; a plaster applied to raise a blister. — v. t. [blistered (-terd), -tering.] To raise blisters upon; to give pain to, as if by a blister. — v. i. To rise in blisters. Blithe, etc. See under Bliss. Blizzard, bliz'zerd, n. A sudden, violent snowstorm, with high wiud and extreme cold. Bloat, blot, v. t. To cause to swell or become turgid; to puff up, make vain; to smoke, as a herring. — r. i. To grow turgid, as by affusion of liquid in the cellular membrane; to puff out; to swell. — Bloat'- er, n. A small fish, usually a herring, partially dried or smoked. Blobber-lip, blob'ber-lip, n. A thick lip. Block, blok, n. A solid mass of wood, stone, etc. ; the mass of wood on which criminals are beheaded; the mold on which hats, bonnets, etc., are shaped ; a mass or row of buildings; a system of pul- leys arranged in a frame; any obstruction; a section of a railroad, having a telegraph- ic signal at its end, so that no train can enter it until it is reported clear of preced- ing trains. — v. t. [blocked (blokt), block- II ing.] To hinder egress or passage from \| or into; to stop, obstruct; to secure or sup port by means of blocks. — Block-head, n. Block. A stupid fellow ; a dolt. — house, n. (Mil.) A structure of heavy timber or logs for defense loop-holed for musketry. — -tin, n. Tin in blocks_or in- gots. —Blockade, blok-ad", n. The shutting up of a place by troops or ships, to compel a surrender from want, with- out regular attacks, —v. t. To shut up by troops or ships, etc.; to confine. — Blockad'er, n. Block-house. Blomary. See under Bloom. Blonde, blond, n. One having fair complexion and light hair and eyes. — a. Of a fair color or com- plexion; fair. Blood, blud, n. The fluid in the arteries and veins; rela- tion by_ natural descent; kindred; lineage, — esp. honorable birth ; the shedding of blood ; murder; temper of mind; disposition; excited feeling; pas- sion; a man of fire or spirit; juice of anything, esp. if red. (Stock breeding.) Descent from parents of recognized breed, —in horses, descent from Arab stock, — v.t. To let blood from; to bleed; to stain with blood; to inure to blood, as a hound. — Blood'- ed, a. Having pure blood; of the best stock.— Blood'y, -I , a. Stained with, or containing, blood; attended with bloodshed; murderous, —v. t. To stain with blood. — Bloodily, -T-1Y, adv.— Bloodi- ness, n. State of being, etc. ; bloodthirstiness. — Bloodless, a. Without blood; dead; without shed- ding blood; without spirit. — Blood'lessly, adv. — Elood'bousht, a. Procured at the cost of blood- shed. — -guilt' y, a. Guilty of murder. guilti- ness, «. — heat,?i. Heat equal to the temperature of blood,— about 98 J Fahr. — horse, n. A horse of Arab stock. — hot, a. As warm as blood. — hound, n. A ferocious variety of dog, of acute smell, em- ployed to track men or animals. — let'ter, n. One who lets blood, as in diseases ; a phlebotomist. — -letting, n. (Med.) Act of letting blood by opening a vein ; venesection.— -money, -mun't, v. Money paid to the next of kin to one killed by another, or to one instrumental in causing another's death. — -relation, n. One connected by blood or descent. — -root, «. A plant, named from the color of its root; bloodwort. shed, n. The shedding of blood ; slaughter; waste of life. — shed'der, )?.— -shed'ding, ii. The crime of, etc. — shot, -shot'ten, a. Red and inflamed by a turgid state of tire blood-vessels, as in diseases of the eye. — spav'in. n. (Far.) A dilatation of the vein inside the hock of a horse, forming a soft swelling, —-stone, n. (Mil.) A green silicious stone sprinkled with red jasper; hematite, a brown ore of iron. — -suck'er, n. An animal that sucks blood; esp. the leech. — -thirst'y, a. Desir- ous to shed blood, murderous. — thirst'iness, n.~ -ves'sel, m. A vessel in whicli blood circulates; an artery or a vein. — -warm, a. Warm as blood; luke- warm. — wood, n. Logwood,— so called from its color. — Blood'y flux. Dysentery. — -mind'ed, a. Having a cruel, ferocious disposition. sweat, -swet, «,. The sweating sickness, in which a dis- charge of blood accompanies a profuse perspiration. Bloom, bloom, «. A mass of crude iron from the puddling furnace, undergoing the first hammering. — Blom'ary, -ery, bloom r er-I, n. The first forge through which iron passes after it is melted from the ore. — Blooming, n. Process of making blooms, , or of converting cast into malleable iron. j Bloom, bloom, u. A blossom ; the flower of a plant; the opening of flowers ; an opening to higher per- fection, like that of buds into blossoms ; powdery coating upon newly-gathered fruits. — v.i. [bloomed (bloomd), blooming.] To produce blossoms ; to flower.; to be in a state of growing youth and vigor; to show beauty and freshness, as of flowers. Bloomer, bloom^er, n. A man-like costume for women; a woman who wears it. Blossom, blos'sum, n. The flower of a plant, or the organs of reproduction, with their appendages. — v. i. [blossomed (-sumd), -soming.] To put forth blossoms; to bloom; to flourish and prosper. Blot, blot, v. t. To spot or bespatter; to stain with in- famy, disgrace, disfigure ; to obliterate, expunge, efface, destroy. — n. A spot or stain; blur; an ob- literation; a spot in reputation: disgrace; blemish. — Blofter, 11. One who, or that which, blots. (Com.) A book for registering curreut mercantile transactions. Blot, ft. In the game of backgammon, a man left un- covered and liable to be taken up. Blotch, bloch, v. t. [blotched (blocht), blotching.] To blacken ; to spot. — ft. A spot on the skin ; a pus- tule or eruption. Blouse, Blowse, blowz, n. A loose over-garment; smock-frock. Blow, bio, )). A blossom; a flower; a bed of flowers. — v. i. To flower or bloom; to produce, cause to blossom. Blow, bio, «. Act of striking ; stroke ; a sudden or severe calamity. Blow, bio, v. i. [imp. blew ; p. p. blown; blowing.] To produce a current of air with the mouth; to move, as air; to breathe hard or quick, pant, puff; to sound on being blown into ; to brag. — v. t. To drive a current of air upon, or drive by a current of air; to sound, as a wind instrument; to spread by report, publish; to deposit, as eggs by flies; to form by inflation; to swell by injecting air ; to put out of breath. — n. An egg deposited by a fly in flesh; the act of depositing it. (N'atit.) A violent wind; a gale. —Blowy, bloM, a. Windy. — BloWer, n. One who blows; a smelter. (3Iech.) A contriv- ance for driving a current of air into something; a steam-jet to partially exhaust a chimney and cre- ate a blast-draught. A screen of metal to increase the draught through a fire or in a flue. Blowse. See Blouse. Blowze, blowz, n. A ruddy, fat-faced woman. — Blowzed, blowzd, Blow'zy, a. Coarse, fat, and ruddy-faced. sun, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. BLUBBER 40 BOGEY Blubber, blub'ber, re. The fat of whales, etc., yield- ing Oil.— V. L [BLUBBERED (,-berd), -BERING.] To weep noisily, or so as to disfigure the face. — v. t. . To swell the face with weeping. I Bludgeon, bluj'un, n. A short cudgel with one end loaded. j Blue, blu, re. The color of the clear sky; one of the Erimary colors, (pi-) Low spirits: melancholy ; lue-dcvils. — a. Of the color called blue .; low in spirits; over-strict in morals, — v. t. [blued (blud), bluing.] To make blue: to dye of a blue color; to i temper (iron) until it is blue. — Bluely, adv. With a blue color. — Blue'ness, re.— Blu'ish, a. Somewhat blue.— Blu'ing, n. Act of rendering blue: something , to give a blue tint, as indigo. — Blue'bell, n. A I plant bearing blue bell-shaped flowers. berry, re. \ A kind of whortleberry. bird, re. A small Amer- j ican bird, resembling the English robin. book, re. I A parliamentary publication, so called from its blue paper covers. [Eng.] A list of persons in govern- ment employ. [Amer.'] — bot'tle, n. A plant which grows among corn, and has blue bottle-shaped flow- ers: a fly, with a large blue belly. — breast, re. A small European bird. — : devils, -dev'lz, n.pl. Lowness of ! spirits; hypochondria. fish, re. An edible salt 1 water game fish; a name sometimes applied to the ! dolphin. grass, re. A valuable pasture-grass, in- I digenous to the limestone region of Kentucky. — -gum tree, re. The Eucalyptus globulus, of Austra- J lia. yielding a resin resembling kino. — light, -lit, re. A composition burning with a blue flame, used as a | firework or a night signal at sea. mass, re. {Med.) A preparation of mercury and conserve of roses, ! from which blue pills are made. pe'ter, re. {Brit- ish Marine). A blue flag with a white square in the center, used as a signal for sailing. — pill, n. {Med.) A pill of prepared mercury, used as an aperient, etc. — stock'ing, re. A literary lady ; a female pedant. — -stone, -vit'riol, n. {Chem.) Sulphate of copper, used as a caustic. Bluff, bluf, a. Rude or coarse ; blustering : roughly frank; outspoken; steep; bold.— n. A bank pre- senting a precipitous front; a game of cards. — v. t. To frighten or deter; to repel bv gruff ness. — Bluff '- ness, re. —Bluffy, a. Having bluffs. Blunder, blun'der, v. i. [blundered (-derd), -der- ing.] To mistake grossly; to err through want of care. — v.t. To confuse, mix together. — re. A gross j mistake; error; bull. — Blun'derer, re. — Blun'der- head, -hed, re. A stupid fellow. Blunderbuss, blun'der-bus, re. A short gun, with large Boar, bor, re. The male of swine uot castrated; the wild hog. — Boar 'ish. a. Swinish; brutal. Board, bord. re. A piece of timber sawed thin; a table to put food upon; food; entertainment, — usually as furnished for pay; a council, or any authorized assembly or meeting. {Xaut.) The deck of a ves- sel; interior of a vessel; side of a ship: line over which a ship runs between tack and tack. A table for a game; paper made thick and stiff like a board. {iA.) The stage in a theater. — v.t. To lay, spread, or cover with boards; to go on board of, or enter; to furnish with food for compensation; to place at board, for compensation. — v. i. To obtain food statedly for compensation. — Board'er, n. One who takes and pays for meals at another's table. {Saul.) One who boards a ship. — Boarding, n. A casing made of boards. — Board/ing-house, re. A house for boarders. — school, -skool, re. A school where pu- pils have board and lodging. — Board 'wa'ges, n. pi. An allowance to servants to purchase their own food. Boast, bost, v. i. To vaunt one's self; to brag. — v. t. To speak of with pride, vanity, or exultation; to mag- nify or exalt one's self. — re. ' Expression of ostenta- tion, etc.; the cause of boasting. —Boast'' ful, -ful, a. Given to boasting. — Boast'fully, -ingly, adv. — Boast 'fulness, n. Boat, bot, re. A small open vessel; any vessel. — v.t. To transport in a boat. — v. i. To go in a boat. — Boat '-bill, re. A wading-bird of South America, hav- ing a bill like a boat keel uppermost. — hook, -h6"bk, n. {yaut.) A hook on a pole, to pull or push a boat. — man. re. One who manages a boat. — swain, bo'sn, n. An officer who has charge of a ship's boats, sails, rigging, etc. Bob, bob, re. Anything that plays loosely, or with jerks; bait used in angling; the' ball of a pendulum or plumb-line. — v. t. [bobbed (bobd), bobbing.] To move in a short, jerking manner; to strike with a quick, light blow : to gain by fraud, delude ; to have the haircut short. — v. i. To have a jerking motion; to angle with a bob, or with jerks of the bait. Bobbin, bob'bin, re. A kind of spool on which thread is wound; round tape.— Bobbinet, bob-bin-ef or bob'bin-et, re. A kind of lace wrought by machines. Boblincoln, bob-lin'kun, Bob'olink. re. The rice-bird, rice-bunting, reed-bird; an American singing-bird. Bob-white, boo'whit', re. The American partridge or quail, — namedjrom its note. Bock-beer, bok'ber, re. A strong kind of lager beer. bore for a number of balls, not requiring exact aim; Booking, bok'ing, re. A kind of^baize or drugget. a stupid, blundering fellow. I Bode, bod, v.t. To indicate by signs; to portend, Blunt, blunt, a. Having a thick edge or point; dull; j foreshow. — v. i. To foreshow, presage. dull in understanding; abrupt in address: uncere- ' Bodice, Boddice, bod'is, re. Stays; a corset. monious. — v. t. To dull the edge or point of; to \ Bodkin, bod'kin, re. A dagger; a pointed instrument repress or weaken, as appetite, desire, etc. I for making holes, etc., or for drawing tape through Blur, bier, re. That which obscures without effacing; i loops. a stain; blot; a dim, confused appearance. — r."t. j Body, bod'T, re. The material substance of an animal: [blurred (blerd), blurring.] To obscure without ! the principal part, in distinction from parts less im quite effacing; to cause imperfect vision in; to dim to blemish, disgrace, sullv. Blurt, blert, v. t. To utter suddenly or unadvisedly; to divulge inconsiderately. Blush, blush, v. i. [blushed (blusht), blushing.] To have a rosy color; to redden in the face, as from shame, confusion, or modest v. — n. A rosv tint; a red color suffusing the face; sudden appearance; glance; view. Bluster, blus'ter, v. i. [blustered (-terd), -ter- ing.] To blow fitfully with violence and noise; to talk noisily, swagger. — n. Noise and violence; threatening talk; boister- ousness; turbulence; boasting; bullving. — Blus'terer. re. A swag- gerer; a bully. Boa, bo'a, n. A genus of serpents; a round fur tip- isoa-constrictor. pet, shaped like a boa-constrictor. — Bo'a-constric'- tpr, -kon-strik'ter, re. A large serpent of tropical America, which crushes its prey in its coils. port ant; a person; a collective mass of individuals; a corporation ; a number of particulars taken to- gether; a system; any mass or portion of matter. (Paint.) Consistency: thickness. — v. t. [bodied (bod'id), bodying.] "To produce in definite shape; to embody. — Bod'ily, a. Having a body ; corpo- real; pert/to the body. — adv. Corporeally; entirely; completely. — Bod'y-clothes, -klothz, re. pi. Clothing for the body. color, -kuKer, n. {Paint.) Color that has body, or consistence, in distinction fr. a tint or wash, —-guard, -gard. re. A guard to protect the person; life-guard. — politic, re. A state in its political capacity. snatcher, -snach'er, n. One who robs graves of bodies. Boeotian, be-o'shan. a. Pert, to Boeotia ; to its bad climate; or to its dull and stupid inhabitants. Boer, boor, re. A Dutch colonist of South Africa. Bog, n. A quagmire ; marsh ; morass. — v. t. To whelm or plunge, as in mud and mire. — Bog'gy, a. Containing boss: swampy. Bogey, Bogy, bo'gi. Bogle, bo'gl, Boggle, bog'gl. re. A hobgoblin: bugbear; specter; a nursery demon. — Bo'gie, Bo'gy, re. A small hand-car on railroads; a four-wheeled truck under a locomotive: an iron box to receive slag from a puddling furnace. — Bog'- Sm, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r ; BOGUS 41 BOOMERANG- gle. [boggled (-gld), boggling.] To hesitate vacillate, shrink. if frightened; to wave Bogus, bo'gus, a. Spurious ; counterfeit. Bohea, bo-he', n. An inferior kind of black or green tea ; black tea in general. Bohemian, bo-he'mi-an, a. Pert, to Bohemia or its inhabitants, to gypsies, or to hack-writers for the press. — n. A native of Bohemia; a gypsy; a needy writer, politician, artist, etc., who lives Dy his wits. Boil, boil, v. i. [boiled (boild), boilixg.] To be agi- tated by the action of heat ; to bubble, effervesce; to be hot or fervid; to be excited; to suffer boiling in liquid. — v. t. To cause to bubble by heat ; to form by boiling; tu subject to the action of heat in a boiling liquid. — Bottler, n. One who boils ; a vessel in which anything is boiled. (Mech.) A me- tallic vessel in which steam is generated. — Boil'- ery, n. A place and apparatus for boiling. — Boil , - ing, n. Act or state of agitation by heat; ebullition; act of subjecting to the action of heat. Boil, boil, n. A small inflamed tumor, which com- monly suppurates, — formerly written bile. Boisterous, bois'ler-us, a. Tumultuous; turbulent; noisy^ roaring. — Bois'terousness, n. Bold, hold, a. Forward to meet danger ; exhibiting or requiring spirit and daring; audacious; forward; impudent; taking liberties in expression; markedly conspicuous ; steep or abrupt. — Bold'ness, n. Bole, bol, n. The body or stem of a tree. A kind of fine, compact, or earthy clay. Bolero.bo-la'ro, n. A Spanish dance. Boll, bol, n. The pod or capsule of a plant ; a peri- carp; a Scotch measure, containing 2, 4, or 6 bush- els. — v. i. To form into a seed-vessel. Bologna sausage, bo-lon'ya-saw-saj. A sausage of various meats and pork suet. Bolster, boKster, n. A long pillow or cushion; a pad; compress.— v. t. [bolstered (-sterd), -sterixg.] To support with a bolster ; to hold up, maintain. Bolt, bolt, n. An arrow; dart ; a strong pin, to hold something in place; a thunder-bolt ; shackle ; 28 ells of canvas. — v. t. To fasten with a bolt, restrain; to blurt out; to swallow without chewing. — v. i. To start forth like a bolt, move abruptly, spring suddenly aside ; to desert, as" a party or organization. — adv. With sudden meeting or collision ; perpen- dicularly. Bolt, bolt, v. t. To sift ; to separate, as- sort, or purify; to examine closely. Bolus, bo'lus, n. (Med.) A rounded mass ; a large pill. Bomb, bum, n. (Mil.) A hollow iron ball filled with explosives to be discharged from a mortar. — Bombard, bum-bard'', v. t. To attack with bombs. — Bombard'- ment, n. An attack with bombs. Bombast, bum^bast, n. Orig., cotton or soft material used as padding; hence, an inflated style; fustian.— o. High-sound- ing ; turgid. — Bombastic, a. Characterized etc.— Bombastically, adv. Bombazet, -zette, bum'ba-zet'', Bom'bazine', -sine, -sin, -zen', n. A twilled fabric, with silk warp and worsted weft. Bona fides, bo 'n a fi'dez. Good faith; sincerity.— Bona fide, -fi'de. In good faith ; really. [L.] Bonanza, bo-nan'za, n. A sudden widening in a vein of silver; a successful venture, — esp. in gold or silver mining. Bonbon, box'box", n. Sugar confectionery ; a sugar- plum. Bond, bond, w. That which r~r i i i i i i - binds, fastens, or con- , ' . , 1 , , I , , 1, fines; a binding force or i ' i i i ' influence. (Law.) A ' _ .' '"^ ' writing by which one English Bond. binds himself, his heirs, ___^^_ executors, etc., to pay a ' ' i i i - sum. (Arch.) Union or ' t ) I t ' * i - tie of stones or bricks in a i i i i H — * wall. — a. In a state of -—•' -^ ■-.- J^-iJ-^-i .]_.. servitude or captivity.— . " v. t. To secure payment * lemish Bond. of, by giving a bond. — Bond' age, n. State of being under restraint; obligation. (Old Eng. Law.) Vil- lenage. — Bonded goods. Goods left in charge of cus- toms officers, — bonds being given for the payment of duties upon them. ware'house, n. A place where bonded goods are stored. — Bond'maid, n. A female slave. man, n. A man slave. (Old Eng. Law.) A villain, or tenant in villenage. serv'ant, n. A slave. — service,?*. Slavery. — slave,/;. One in slavery. — stone, n. (Masonry /) A stone running- through the thickness of a wall to bind it together. — tim-'ber, n. A beam worked into a wall to tie or strengthen it longitudinally. —Bondsman, bondz'- man, n. ; pi. -men. A bondman. (Law.) A surety; one who gives security for another. — worn an. n. A woman slave. Bone, bon, n. (Anat.) A hard whitish substance, com- posing the skeleton; an integral portion of the skele- ton. — a. Made of bone. — v. t. [boxed (bond), boxing.] To take out bones from; to put whalebone into. — Bo'ny, -nl, a. Consisting of, full of, or pert, to, bones ; having large or prominent bones. Boneset, bon'set, n. A medicinal plant; thorough wort. Bonfire, bon'tir, n. Afire to express public exultation, or for amusement. Bonito, bo-ne'to, n. A fish of the tunny kind. Bonmot, box'mo, n. A witty repartee ; a jest. [F.] Bonne, bon, n. A child's nurse. [F.] Bonnet, bon'net, n. A covering for the head. | Bonny, bon^nT, a. Handsome ; gay ; plump ; weil- | formed. — Bon'nily, adv. ' Bonny-clabber, bon , nt-klab / ber, «. Sour buttermilk; ! the thick part of soured milk. Bon ton, box - tox. The height of the fashion ; fash- ionable society. [F.] Bonus, bo^nus, n. (Law.) A premium given for a loan, charter, etc. An extra dividend paid out of ac- cumulated profits; a sum paid to an agent, above a share in profits or stated compensation. [L.] Booby, boo'Di, n. A water-fowl allied to the pelican; I the brown gannet; a dunce; stupid fellow. Book, bo~6k, n. A collection of sheets of paper, etc., bound together; a literary composition, written or printed; a subdivision of a literary work. (Met:) A volume in which accounts are kept. — v. t. [booked (botikt), bookix'g.] To enter, or register m a book. — Book'ish, a. Given to reading ; more acquainted with books than with men. — Book''- bind'er, n. One who binds books. bind'ery, n. A place for binding, etc. bind'ing, n. Art or practice of, etc. case, n. A case with shelves for holding books. (Bind.) A book-cover. cov'- er, n. (Bind.) A case for a book ; a cover of cloth or other material prepared for casing a book. — -keep'er, n. One who keeps accounts. — keep'ing, n. Art of recording mercantile transactions and keeping accounts. learned, -lerncl, a. Versed in books; ignorant of life. learn'ing, n. Learning acquired by reading,— esp. as opp. to practical knowl- edge. — mak'er, n. One who writes and publishes books; a compiler; a sporting man who makes a rec- ord of bets. — mak'ing, n. The practice of, etc. ; com- pilation ; systematized betting. mark.//. Some- thing placed in a book by which to find a particular place. — plate, n. Alabel'indicating ownership, place in a library, etc., usually on the inside of the cover of a book. post, n. The post-office arrangement by which books are mailed. sell'er, n. One who sells books.— -shelf, n. A shelf to hold books.— -shop, -stall, -store, n. A place for selling books. — -stand, n. A stand for selling books in the streets; book-stall; a support to hold books. worm, n. A worm or mite that eats holes in books ; one exces- sively addicted to study. Boom, boom, n. A spar tor extending the bottom of sails; a chain cable or connected line of spars, cross- ing a river or other water; a pole set up in shallow water, to mark out the channel; in business, a strong demand for a commodity; an earnest popular in- terest in behalf of some measure. — v. i. [boomed (boomd), booming.] To rush violently, as a ship under press of sail. Boom, boom, n. A hollow roar; the cry of the bittern. — v. i. To niake a hollow sound, roar, or cry. Boomerang, boom'er-ang, n. A missile weapon of sim, cube, full ; moon, ffiot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNbox T , chair, get. BOON 42 BOW the natives of Australia, which describes remark- able curves, and falls near the thrower. Boon, boon, n. Gift; benefaction; grant: prayer or petition. — a. Gay; jovial; kind: bountiful. Boor, boor, a. A countryman: peasant; clown; a rude and illiterate person. — Boorish, a. .Like a boor; clownish: illiterate. — Boorlshness, n. Boose. Booze. Bouze. booz, w. i. To drink excessively; to guzzle. — Boo'sy.-zy, -zl, a. Intoxicated; silly; fuddled. Boost, boost, v. t. To lift or push from behind. Boot; boot, v. t. To profit: to advantage. — n. Differ- ence given to equalize an exchange; profit. — Boot- less, a. Unavailing : unprofitable. — Boot'lessly, adv. — Boot'lessness, n. Boot, boot. //. A covering for the foot and leg: a rack for the leg, to torture criminals; a leather-covered receptacle on a coach; a cover for a carriage, against rain and mud; {pi.) a servant who blacks boots. — v.t. To put boots on.— Boot ''-crimp, n. A frame for shaping boots. — -jack, n. An instrument for drawing off boots. tree, -last, n. A block to stretch bootsT Booth, booth, n. A temporary shelter ; slight hut. Booty, boofi , a. Spoil taken in war, or by violence; plunder. Bopeep, bo-pep'', n. A children's play. Borax, bo'raks. n. (Cheat.) Biborate of soda; a salt formed by combination of boracic acid with soda. — Bo'rate, n, A salt formed by combination of boracic acid with a base. — Bo'ron, n. An elemen- tary substance, allied to carbon, the base of boracic acid. Border, bSr'der, n. The outer part or edge of any- thing ; verge; brim: boundarv. — v.i. [bordered (-derd), -derixg.] To touch "at the edge; to be ad- jacent; to come near to. — v. t. To make, or adorn with, a border: to touch at the edge. — Bor'derer, n. One who dwells on a border. — Bor'der-land, n. Land on the frontiers; debatable land. Bore, bor, v. t. [bored (bord), borixg.] To perfo- rate or penetrate: to form a round hole in; to weary by tedious iteration or dullness; to vex. — v. i. To pierce or enter by boring : to be pierced or pene- trated by a turning instrument: to carry the nose to the ground, — said of a horse. — n. The hole made by boring: cavity of a fire-arm ; caliber ; one who, or that which, wearies by repetition or dullness. (Physical Geog.) A tidaf flood at the mouths of some rivers ; a high and rapid flow. Bore, Born. See Bear. Boreal, bo're-al, a. Xortkern; pert, to the north or north wind. Borough, bur'ro, n. An incorporated town ; in Eng., a town that sends members to parliament; in Scot., a body corporate, with certain jurisdiction. Borrow, bor'ro, v. t. [borrowed (-rod), -rowing.] To take on trust, with the intention of repaying; to take from another for one's own use: to appropriate. Bosh, bosh, n. Mere show; empty talk; folly. Bosom, bot/'zum, n. The breast of a human being; the seat of the passions, affections, etc.: embrace; affectionate inclosure; inclosed place: interior; the' part of the dress over the breast, — a. Intimate ; fa- miliar; dear. —v. t. [bosomed (-zumd), -omixg.] To inclose in the bosom, keep with care, hide from view, embosom. Boss, bos, n. A protuberant ornament : stud : knob. (Jlech.) The enlarged part of a shaft, on which a wheel is keyed, or where it is coupled to another; a swage or die for shaping metals. — v. t. To orna- ment with bosses; to stud. Boss, bos. n. A master workman or superintendent. — r. i. & t. To direct, superintend. Botany, bofa-ni, n. Science of the structure, classifi- cation, etc., of plants.— Botanic, -ical. bo-tanlk-al, a. Pert, to botany: relating to, or containing, plants. — Botan'ically, arh: — Botanist, bot'an-istTw. One skilled in, etc. — Bot'anize, w. i. [botaxized (-Izd), -izix-g.] To seek for and investigate plants. Botch, boch, n. An ulcerous affection. A patch of a garment ; work done bunglingly ; a clumsy per- formance. — ?'. t. [BOTCHED (bo'cht), BOTCHIX'G.] To mend or patch clumsily ; to exDress or perform bunglingly. Both. both. 'a. & pron. The one and the other; the two. — co»j., used before the first of two coordinate words or phrases, followed bv and before the other. Bother, both'er, v. t. [bothered (-era), -erixg.] To tease or perplex. — n. One who, or that which, bothers ; state of perplexity or annoyance.— Both'- era'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. — Both'- ersome, -er-sum, a. Causing bother. Bots, Botts, bots. n. pi. (Entom.) Small worms found in the intestines of horses. — Bot'-fly. The insect whose eggs produce bots. Bottle, bot'l, n. A narrow-mouthed vessel for hold- ing liquors; the contents of one. — v. t. [bottled (-tld), -tlixg.] To inclose in bottles. Bottom, bot'um, n. The lowest part of a thing; foun- dation: base; low alluvial land along a river; aval- ley. (Xaul.) The keel of a vessel: the vessel itself. Power of endurance: stamina; dress or grounds. v.t. [bottomed (-tumd), -tomixg.] To found or build; to furnish with a seat or bottom. — v.i. To be based. — Bot'tomless, a. Without a bottom ; fathomless. — Bot'tomry, -rT, n. (Mar. Law.) A contract by which a ship is bound as security for re- paymentof money. Boudoir. boo'dwgr, n. A lady's private room. Bough, bow, n. An arm or large branch of a tree. Bought. See Buy. Bougie, boo-zhe"', n. (Surg.) A long, flexible instru- ment, introduced into the urethra, esophagus, etc., to remove obstructions. Boulevard, boo-le-var', n. Orig. a bulwark; a broad public walk or street. Bounce, bowns, v. i. [bounced (bownst), bouncing.] To leap or spring suddenly; to beat or thump. — v. t. To drive violently against anything. — n. A sud- den leap or bound: a heavy, sudden blow or thump; a bold lie. — Boun'cing, a. Plump and healthy; lusty. Bound, bownd. n. External line of any object or space, limit, confine, boundary. — v. t. To limit, terminate, restrain, circumscribe: to give the boun- daries of. — Bound'ary, -a-rT. n. That which fixes a limit, — esp. a visible mark. — Boundless, a. With- out bounds : unlimited : infinite. Bound, bownd, n. A leap: spring; jump. — r. i. To move forward by leaps: rebound, as an elastic ball. Bound, bownd, «" Destined; tending; going, or in- tending to go. etc. Bound. Bounden. See Bixd. Bounty, bown'ti, n. Goodness ; liberality ; munifi- cence; that which is given liberally; a premium to encourage some object. — Boun'teous, -te-us, a. Disposed to give freely ; generous. — Boun'tiful, -fill, a. Free iu giving. Bouquet, bob-ka', n. A nosegay ; bunch of flowers ; a perfume or aromatic odor. Bourgeois, bur-jois', a. (Print.) A kind of type, in size between long primer and brevier. jg§= This line is in bourgeois type. Bourgeois, b6or-zhwaw r , n. In France, a man of middle rank in society ; a citizen. — Bourgeoisie, boor-zhwaw-ze / ', «. The middle classes, — esp. those concerned in trade. Bourgeon, ber'jun, c. i. To put forth buds; to shoot forth, as a branch. _ Bourn, Bourne, born or boorn, n. A bound; limit; eoal. A stream ; rivulet ; burn. Bourse, boors, «. A merchants' exchange; in France, the money market. Bout, bowt, ;?. A conflict ; trial ; as much of an ac- tion as is performed at one time ; a turn. Bovine, bo'vin, a. Pert, to cattle of the ox kind. Bow, bow. v. t. [bowed (bowd), bowing.] To bend, inflect, make crooked or curved; to turn from a nat- ural condition; to bend in respect, homage, conde- scension, etc.; to depress, subdue. — v. i. To bend, in token of reverence, civility, etc. — n. An incli- nation of the head or body, in" token of respect, etc. Bow, bow, n. (Xaut.) The curving forepart of a ship; prow; the bow-oar.— Bow'er, n. (Xaut.) An anchor carried at the ship's bow, the second in size. — Bowline, bolin, n. A rope which keeps the weather edse of a sail tight forward when the ship is close-hauled. — -oar, bow'or, n. The oar near- est the bow of a boat; the one who pulls it. — -sprit. fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, or BOW 43 BRASH bo- or bow-, n. A spar projecting from the bow. of a ship. — sometimes called boltsprit. Bow, bo, n. Anything bent: a weapon by which an arrow is propelled; an instrument having a curved form, as a riddle-stick. — Bow-com'passes, -kum'- pa.s-ez, n.pl. Com- passes with a n «e9GGWI arched plate on one leg, upon which the other Bow-compass. lee slides; compasses furnished with a bow-pen. — -drill, n. A drill revolved bv a bow and string.— -hand, n. (Archery.) The hand holding the bow, the left hand. (JIus.) The hand drawing the bow, rizht hand. knot, -not, n. A knot tied with a bow or loop of string, and readily loosened. —-legged, -legd, a. Having legs curved outwards. — man, n. One who uses a bow; an archer. net, w. An ar- rangement of wicker baskets for catching lobsters, etc." — pen, n. A land o f ruling- pen. saw, n. A narrow-bladed saw for cutting curves. — shot, a arrow. string iSow-pen. The distance a bow shoots an n. The string which bends a bow. — v. t. To' strangle with a bow-string, — a Turkish mode of execution. Bowel, bow'el, n. One of the intestines; an entrail; the interior part of anything; the seat of pity; com- passion. — ■ v. t. To take out the bowels of. Bower, bow'er, n. One of the two highest cards in euchre, — the highest being the Right bower, the knave of the trump suit; the next the Left bower, the other knave of the same color as the trump. A chamber; a country-seat: cottage; a covered place in a garden ; arbor. "— Bow'ery, a. Covering, as a bower; containing bowers. Bowl, bol, n. A concave vessel to hold liquids; the hollow part of anything. Bowl, bol, n. A ball. — r. {. [bowled (bold), bowl- ixg.] To roll, as a bowl ; to pelt with anything rolled. — v.i. To play with bowls; to roll the bail on a level plain ; to "move rapidly, smoothly, and like a ball. Bowlder, Boulder, boKder, n. A large pebble. (Geol.) A mass oi rock that has been transported by nat- ural agencies from its native bed. Bos, boks, n. A case or receptacle: the quantity that a box contains; an inclosed space with seats in a theater, etc.: a money-chest; a small house. (JIach.) A cylindrical, hollow iron, in which an axle-tree runs: a tube in a pump, closed with a valve; the bucket of a lifting pump. The driver's seat on a carriage; a present. (Bot.) A tree or shrub, the dwarf variety of which is used for borders in gar- dens. — v. t. ' [boxed (bokst), boxixg.] To inclose in a box: to furnish with boxes. Box, boks, n. A blow with the hand on the ear or head. — v. t. & i. To fight with the fist. Boxhaul, boks'hawl, v. t. [boxhauled (-hawld), boxhaulixg.] (Xaut.) To wear, as a ship, when close-hauled, short round on to the other tack. Boy, boi, n. A male child; a lad. — Boy'hood, -hot>d, n. State of a boy. or immaturity of age. — Boy'ish, a. Like a boy ; childish ; puerile. — Boyishly, adv. — Boy'ishness, n. Brace, bras, n. A prop or support. (Carp.) A tim- ber crossing a corner from one timber to another. (Print.) A curved line connecting words or lines: tn boll, \ (Xaut.) A rope reeved through a block ' bowl.) at the end of a yard. A pair or couple; a strap, supporting a carriageon wheels; a bit-stock: state of being braced or tight, (pi.) Straps to sus- tain pantaloons, etc.; suspenders. — r. t. [braced (brast), bracixg.] To furnish with braces, support, prop ; to tighten. (Xaut.) To move around by means of braces. Bracelet, bras'let, n. A wrist ornament ; defensive armor for the arm. Bracken, brak'en, n. Fern. Bracket, brak'et, w. (Arch. & Engin.) A support projecting from a wall or other surface. (.pZ.) (Xaut.) Short, cooked timbers, resembling knees. (Print.) Hooks [ ] used to inclose a reference, ex- planation, note, etc.; crotchets. — v. t. To place within, connect, or support by, brackets. Brackish, brak'ish, a. Saltish. Brad, brad, n. A nail with little or no head. — Brad'- awl, n. An awl to make holes for inserting brads. brag, v. i. [bragged (bragd), -gixg.] To praise one's self, or one's belongings, ostenta- tiously; to boast, bluster, vaunt. — n. A boast or boasting; thing boasted of; a game at cards. — Brag'gado'cio, -do'shr-o, n. A braggart ; boaster; empty boasting. — Brag'gart, n. A boaster. — a . Boastful. — Brag'ger, n. Brahma, bra/ma, n. (Jli/th.) The first person in the trinity of the Hindoos; the creator.— Brab/man, -min, «. One of the upper or sa- cerdotal caste among the Hindoos. Braid, brad, r. t. To weave or entwine to- gether; to plat; to mingle by rubbing in some- thing fluid or soft. — n. A string, cord, etc., Brad, woven from different strands. Brail, bral, n. (Falconry.) A piece of leather to bind a hawk's wing. pi. (Xaut.) Eopes to haul up,_or truss up, sails, for furling. — v. t. [brailed (braid), brailixg.] To haul up into, or truss up with, the brails. Brain, bran, n. (Anat.) The whitish, soft mass in the upper cavity of the skull, which is considered the center of sensation and perception; the anterior or cephalic ganglion in invertebrate animals. The understanding. — v. t. To dash out the brains of; to destroy — Brainless, a. Without understanding. Brake, brak, n. (Bot.) A fern of different genera. A place overgrown with brakes, canes, brambles, etc.: a thicket. Brake, brak, n. An instrument to break flax or hemp; the handle for working a pump or fire-engine : a frame for confining horses while being shod; an in- closure for cattle, horses, etc.; a heavy harrow for breaking clods after plowing ; an appliance for checking motion of wheels, machinery, etc., by friction ; a light wagon used in breaking horses. — v. t. To apply brakes, — esp. to wheels of a railroad train. Bramble, bram'bl, n. A shrub of the genus Bubm, including the raspberry and blackberry; any rough, prickly shrub. Bramin. See Brahman, under Brahma. Bran, bran, n. The coat of the seed of wheat, rye, etc., separated from the flour by bolting ; refuse sifted out of flour or meal. — Bran'-new, corrupt, of brand-new. Branch, branch, n. A limb; a bough growing from a stem, or from another bough; a part extended from the main body of a thing, as a stream running into a larger one; a ramification ; a section or subdivis- ion ; department; a line of family descent, in dis- tinction fr. other lines fr. the same stock. (Law.) A warrant or commission given to a pilot. — i\ i. [braxched (brancht). branching.] To spread in ^ranches, ramify; to divide into subdivisions, —v. fk. To divide as into branches. Brand, brand, n. A burning or partly burnt stick; a sword, so called from its glittering brightness; an iron used for burning a mark; a distinctive mark made by burning with hot iron ; quality; kind; a mark of infamy; stigma. — r. • i. To impress a mark with hot iron ; to stigmatize as infamous. — Brand'ing-iron, Brand'iron. -i'ern. n. An iron used to brand with. — Brand'-new, a. Quite new, as if fresh from the fire, — written also bran- and brent new. —-goose, n. See Brant. Brandish, bran'dish, v. t. [braxdished (-dishy, -dish- ING.] To wave, as a weapon; to shake or flourish. — n. A flourish, as with a weapon, whip. etc. Brandy, bran'dT, n. An ardent spirit distilled from wine or other liquors. Branlin, branlin, n. A fish of the salmon kind. Brant, brant, n. A species of wild goose, called also brand-goose and brent-goose. — Brant'-fox. n. A kind of Swedish fox. — Bran'tail, n. The red start, a bird similar to the nightingale. Brash, brash, a. Hasty in temper. Brittle, as wood. — //. Refuse boughs of trees: truck; trash. (Geol.) Broken t'rau'ment> of rocks underlvins alluvial de- sun, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbox, chair, get. 44 BREVET posits. Broken fragments of ice. {Med.) A rash or eruption. Brass, bras, n. A yellow alloy of copper and zinc; impudence; a brazen face. pi. Utensils, ornaments, etc., made of brass; esp. plates attached to monu- ments, bearing figures. — Brass'y, a. Of, or pert, to, etc.; hard as, etc.; of the color of, etc.j impu- dently bold. — Brass'iness, w. — Braze, braz, v. t. To solder, or cover or ornament with, etc.; to harden to impudence. — Brazen, bra'zn, a. Pert, to, or made of, brass; impudent. — v. t. To be impudent or defiant. — Bra'zenly, adv. — Brassier, Bra'zier, -zher, n. An artificer m brass; a pan to hold coals. — Brass band. A company of performers on brass musical instruments. — leaf, n. Brass in thin sheets. Brat, brat, n. A contemptuous name for a child. Brave, brav, a. Of noble courage; bold, with gener- osity and dignity ; excellent ; beautiful. — n. A brave person ; esp., an Indian warrior; a hector ; a bully. — v.*. [braved (bravd), braving.] To en- counter with fortitude; to defy, challenge, dare. — Brav'ery, -er-T, n. Quality of being, etc.; fear- lessness; showy appearance; ostentation. — Bra^vo, n.; pi. Bra'voes, -voz. A daring villain ; bandit; assassin or murderer. — Bravo, bra/vo, interj. Well done, excellent ! — Brava'do, n. Ostentation of bravery ; boast or brag ; threatening behavior ; a boasting fellow. Brawl, brawl, v. i. To quarrel noisily and indecently; to scold, wrangle, squabble; to roar, as water. — n. A noisy quarrel; loud contention; scurrility; uproar. Brawn, brawn, n. The flesh of a boar; full, strong muscles; strength; the arm. — Brawn'y, -Y, a. Strong ; big. — Brawn'iness, n. Bray, bra, v. t. [brayed (brad), braying.] To pound, beat, or grind small. — v. i. To utter a harsh cry, as an ass; to make a harsh, grating noise. — v. t. To utter with a harsh sound. — n. The sound of an ass; any harsh, grating sound. Braze, Brazen, Brazier. See under Brass. Brazil-wood, bra-ziKw6t>d, n. A very heavy wood, of Brazil and other tropical countries, used for dyeing red. Breach, brech, n. Act of breaking, or state of being broken; the opening broken; rent; gap; a breaking, as of a law, obligation, etc.; a breaking up of ami- cable relations; quarrel. — r. t. QUI.) To lake : breach in the walls of, by artillery. Bread, bred, n. Flour or meal baked in loaves, cakes, etc.; provisions in general. — Bread'-fruit, n. The fruit of a tree of the isles of the Pacific, which re- sembles bread, when baked, and is eaten as food. — -stuff, n. Bread-corn; meal; flour. Breadth, bredth. n. Distance from side to side ; width. (Paint.) Quality of having colors and shadows broad and massive, and an arrangement of objects suggesting largeness and simple grandeur. Break, brak, v. t. [imp. broke (brok) or (obs.) brake (brak); p. p. broke or broken; breaking.] To strain apart; to lay open by breaking; to disclose or divulge; to infringe or violate; to interrupt, termi- nate; to destroy the completeness of ; to dash, shjfl ter, or crush; to bruise; to weaken or subdue; to i™ part cautiously; to tame; to make bankrupt; to de- stroy the official character of; to cashier. — v. i. To come to pieces, burst asunder; to open from within; to come to view; to dawn ; to burst forth violently ; to become weakened ; to lose health or strength ; to fail in business; to change the gait; to exceed the natural power, as the voice; to fall out; to termi- nate friendship. — n. An opening made by frac- ture; an interruption; a pause; in writing or print- ing, a dash, or a blank or unfinished line; the dawn; an interruption of continuity; a large carriage. — Break'able, a. Capable of being broken. — Break'- age, -ej, n. A breaking ; allowance for things brok- en in transportation. — Break'down, n. Act of breaking down, as of a carriage; a riotous dance, terminating a ball. — Break'er, n. One who, or that which, breaks. (Naut.) A small water-cask for boats. —pi. Waves breaking into foam against the shore. Breakfast, brek'fast, n. The first meal in the day. — v. i. To break one's fast in the morning. — v. t. To furnish with the morning meal. Bream, brem, n. A name for three kinds of fish, found respectively in Europe, North America, and the sea. Breast, brest, n. The part of the body between neck and belly; protuberant glands, in females, in which milk is secreted ; the seat of consciousness, affec- tions, and passions ; the heart. — v. t. To bear the breast against ; to oppose. — BreaBt'ing, n. (Engin.) The curved channel in which a breast- wheel turns. — Breast'-bone, n. The bone of the breast; sternum. — hook, n. (Naut.) A knee-shaped timber in the stem of a ship, to keep the bows to- gether. knot, -not, n. A knot of ribbons worn on the breast. pin, n. A pin for fastening or ornament; a brooch. — plate, n. Defensive armor worn upon the breast; a strap across a horse's breast. (Jewish Antiq.) A part of the high priest's vest- ment. — plow, -plough, n. A plow, driven by the breast, to cut turf. rail, n. The upper rail of a balcony or of the breastwork on a quarter-deck. — wheel, n. A water-wheel, which receives the stream at about half its height. See Water-wheel. — work, -werk, n. (Fort.) A defensive earth-work breast-high, (jfaut.) A railing on the quarter-deck and forecastle. Breath, breth, n. Air respired; act or power of breath- ing naturally ; life; time to breathe; respite; a sin- gle respiration, or the time of making it; a single act; a slight breeze.— Breathless, a. Out of breath; dead, expired. — Breathe, breth, v. i. [breathed (brethd), breathing.] To respire; to live; to take breath, rest; to pass, as air ; to exhale, emanate. — v. t. To respire; to infuse by breathing; to emit by the breath, utter softly, exhale; to cause to sound by breathing; to promote free respiration in; to exer- cise; to suffer to take breath; to put out of breath; to give air or vent to ; to open. — Breath'er, n. — Breath'able, a. That may be, etc. — Breathing, n. Respiration; air in gentle motion; aspiration; secret prayer; exercise; utterance; breathing-place; vent. Breech, brech, n. The lower part of the body behind; hinder part of anything, esp. the part of a fire-arm behind the bottom of the bore. — v. t. [breeched (brecht), breeching.] To put into breeches; to fur- nish with a breech; to fasten with breeching.— Breeches, brich/ez, n. pi. A garment for men, cov- ering the hips and thighs; used in the sense of pan- taloons. — Breeching, bridling, n. The part of a harness round a horse's breech. (Naut.) A rope to check the recoil of a cannon. — Breech'-load'ing, brechlod'ing, a. (Mil.) Receiving the charge at the breech instead of the muzzle. — -load'er, n. A gun which, etc. Breed, bred, v. t. [bred; breeding.] To procreate; beget; hatch; to bring up ; nurse and foster ; to in- struct ; form by education ; to occasion ; to give birth to. — v. i. To bear and nourish young; to be generated, or to grow ; to raise a breed. — n. A progeny from the same parents or stock; a race al- lied by nativity or some distinctive qualities in com- mon; progeny; offspring, — applied to other things than animals. — Breed'ing, n. Formation of man- ners; education; nurture; training; deportment; be- havior. Breese, Briz, Breeze, brez, Breeze'-fty, n. A buzzing fly of various species, which torments animals; also, the bot-fly. Breeze, brez, n. A light wind; gentle gale;' an excited state of feeling; quarrel, — v. i. ToTilow gently. Breeze, brez, Briss, bris, Brist, n. Cinders; dust, rub- bish. Brent. See Brant. Brethren, breth'ren, n., pi. of Brother, used in sol- emn and Scriptural language for brothers. Brett, bret, n. A four-wheel carriage, with calash top. Breve, brev, n. (Mus.) A note, I ^ I equivalent to two semibreves, or four minims. ' ' (Law.) A brief. (Print.) A curved mark [^] over a vowel, to indicate that its quantity is short. — Brevity, n. Shortness of time or extent; conciseness. Brevet, bre-vet', n. A warrant, granting a favor, title, dignity, etc. (3fil.) A commission in the army at large, but not with a particular command. — v. t. To confer rank upon by brevet. — a. Taking rank by brevet, — designating rank conferred for merit or special cause, and not in course of promotion. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; gnd, eve, term ; Yn, ice ; 5dd, tone, Sr BREVIARY 45 BROAD Breviary, bre'vT-a-ri, n. An abridgment; epitome; summary ; book containing the service of the Rom. Cath. or Greek church. Brevier, hre-ver', n. (Print.) A kind of type, in size between bourgeois and minion. fl^*" This line is printed in brevier type. Brevity. See under Breve. Brew, Droo, v. t. [brewed (brood), brewing.] To boil or seethe; to prepare, as a liquor, from malt and hops, etc., by steeping, boiling, and fermentation; to contrive; plot. — v. i. To perform the business of brewing; to be in a state of preparation; to be form- ing or gathering. — Brew'age, «. Malt liquor. — Brew'er, n. — Brew'ery, -er-i, Brew'-house, ?i. A house where brewing is done. — Brewing, n. Act or process of, etc. ; quantity brewed at once. Briarean, bri-all-an, a. Pert, to, or resembling, Bri- areus, a giant with a hundred hands. Bribe, brib, n. Something given to pervert the judgment or corrupt the conduct ; that which seduces; allure- ment. — v. t. [bribed (bribd), bribing.] To influ- ence or corrupt by gifts; to gain by, etc. —v. i. To give, etc. — Bribery, n. Act or practice of giving or taking, etc. Bric-a-brac, brik'a-brak, n. A collection of antiqua- rian or artistic curiosities. TF.] Brick, brik, n. Clay and sand, tempered with water, molded into form, dried, and usually burnt; bricks collectively; a good fellow. — r. t. [bricked (brikt), bricking.] To lay with bricks. — Brick'bat, n. A piece of a brick. — kiln, -kil, n. A kiln for baking or burning, etc. — lay'er, n. One who builds with bricks. Bride, brid, n. A woman recently married, or en- gaged to be married. — Bri'dal, a. Pert, to a bride, or to a wedding ; nuptial. — n. Nuptial festival ; marriage. — Bride'-chamber, -cham'bgr, n. The nuptial apartment. — groom, n. A man newly mar- ried, or about to be married. — maid, -man, n. At- tendants on the bride and groom at a wedding. [These words are also spelled bridesmaid, brides- man.] Bridge, brij, n. A structure forming a roadway over a watercourse, ravine, etc. ; a support similar to a bridge, as for strings of a violin, the bony part of the nose, etc. — v. t. [bridged (brijd), bridging.] To build a bridge over. Bridle, bri'dl, n. An instrument to restrain a horse; a restraint; curb; check; part of a gun-lock. (JS'aut.) A cable, to enable a ship, when moored, to veer with wind and tide.— v. t. [bridled (bri'dld), bridling.] To put a bridle upon ; to restrain, or control. — v. i. To hold up the head, and draw in the chin, as an expression of pride, scorn, or resentment. Brief, bref, a. Short in duration or expression; using few words ; concise; succinct. — n. An epitome; a statement in few words. (Law.) An abridgment of a client's case; writ summoning one to answer to an action. — v. t. (Law.) To make a brief of. Brier, Briar, bri'er, n. A prickly plant. (Bot.) The sweet-brier and wild-brier, species of the rose. Brig, brig, n. A vessel with two masts, square-rigged —Hermaphrodite brig. A two-masted vessel, square-rigged forward and schooner-rigged aft. — Brig'antine, -tin or -ttn, n. A small brig. Brigade, brt-gad', n. (Mil.) A division of troops, larger than a regiment, commanded by a general officer. — v. t. To form into a brigade^— Brigadier, brig-a-der / \ B r i g ' a- dier-gen'eral, n. The officer commanding a brigade, in rank next below a major-general. — Brigade major. An officer who assists the brigadier in his duties. Brigand, brig'and, n. A lawless fellow who lives by plunder ; a robber, freebooter. Theft ; robbery ; plunder. Brig. Brig'andage, Bright, brit, a. Shedding light; shining; brilliant; of a quick intellect; sparkling with wit; manifest to the mind, as light to the eyes ; clear. — Brighten, brlfn, v. t. [-ened (-nd), -ening.] To make bright or brighter ; to make illustrious, or more dis- tinguished, shed light upon, make cheerful, make acute or witty, — v. i. To grow bright or brighter. Brill, bril, n. A fish of the turbot kind. Brilliant, bril'vant, a. Sparkling with luster; glit- tering; splendid; shining. — n. A diamond so cut as to reflect and refract the light. (Print.) The small- est type used in English printing. JgT" This line is printed in the type called Brilliant. Brim, brim, n. Rim, or border, of anything: edgre, margin. — v. i. To be full to the brim.— Brimlul, -ful, Brim'ming, a. Full to the top; completely full. Brimstone, brimlton, n. A hard, brittle, inflamma- ble substance : sulphur. Brinded, brinlled, a. Having different colors; varie- fated; streaked. — Brin'dle, -dl, n. State of being rinded; spottedness. — Brin'dled, -did, a. Spotted; brinded. Brine, brin, n. Water impregnated with salt: the ocean or sea ; tears ; pickle. — Bri'ny, a. Pert, to brine, or to the sea; salt.— Brine'-pan, n. A pit of salt water, for evaporation. Bring, bring, v. t. [brought (brawt), bringing.] To convey to a person or thing; fetch; to make to come; procure; induce: influence; to convey, carry. Brink, brink, n. Edge, margin, or border of a steep j place; verge. Brisk, brisk, a. Full of liveliness and activity, of j spirit or life; effervescing, as liquors; alert; nimble; ] quick; gay. — v. i. To appear with animation,— with up. | Brisket, bris , ket, n. The breast of an animal or that | part of the breast next the ribs. See Beef. j Bristle, brisl, n. A short, stiff, coarse hair. (Bot.) A I species of pubescence on plants. — v. t. [bristled | (brisld), bristling (brisling).] To erect the bris- j ties of, fix a bristle to. — v. i. To rise or stand erect, like bristles. : Britannia, brT-tan'nY-a, n. A compound of block- I tin alloyed with antimony, bismuth, and copper. British, britlsh, a. Pert, to Great Britain or its in- habitants, or to its original inhabitants. — Brit'on, n. A native of, etc. —Briticism, -sizm, n. A habit or idiom peculiar to, etc. — British gum. A brown- ish substance, soluble in cold water, formed by heat- ing dry starch. Brittle, brit 11, a. Easily broken; apt to break. Britzska, brislca, n. A long carriage, with calash top. Broach, broch, n. A \ steel tool for smoothing or en- 1 larging holes in I metal ; a brooch. I — V. t. [BROACHED I (brocht;, broach- ing.] To pierce,! ^ as with a spit ; to T ■ tap ; to pierce, as Britzska. ^a cask, in order to draw liquor ; to let out ; to open for the first time, as stores; to make public, give out. Broad, brawd, a. Wide ; extended in breadth, or from side to side; diffused; having a large measure of any thing or quality; ample; comprehensive; gross; obscene.— Broad'cast, n. (Agric.) A sowing of seed by casting it at large from the hand. — adv. Diffusedly; at laree. — a. Dispersed, as seed thrown by the hand; widely spread. —Broaden, bra wd'n, v. i. To grow broad". — r. t. To make broad, ren- der more comprehensive. —Broad Ish, a. Rather broad. — Broadly, adv. — Broad'ness, n. — Broad'- ax, -axe, n. A broad-edged ax for hewing timber. brim, n. A kind of hat worn by the I riends or Quakers; a Quaker. cloth, n. A fine woolen cloth for garments, exceeding 29 inches in width. — -piece, n. A gold coin broader than a guinea.— -side, n. Simultaneous discharge of all guns on one side of a ship. (Xaut.) A ship's side above water, from bow to quarter. (Print.) A sheet of paper containing one large page, or printed on one side only. — sword, -sord, n. One with broad blade and cutting edge; a claymore. — B. Church. (Eccl.) A sun, cube, full ; moon, cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. BROCADE 46 BUCKET body of men holding liberal or comprehensive views of Christian doctrine and fellowship, — applied esp. to a portion of the church of Eng. — B. gauge, gaj. A distance between the rails of a railroad greater than the standard gauge of 4 ft. 8* in. — B. pen'- nant, n. (JS r aut.) A square flag at a commodore's mast-head. — B. seal. The public seal of a state. Brocade, bro-kad', n. Silk stuff, variegated with gold and silver, or with patterns of flowers, etc.; other stuffs similarly wrought. — Bro'catel', -tel'lo, n. Coarse brocade for tapestry, carriage linings, etc.; marble, clouded and veined with various colors. Brocage. See under Bkoker. Broccoli, brok'ko-li, n. A variety of cabbage. v Brogan, bro'gan or bro-gan', Brogue, brog, n. A stout, coarse shoe. — Brogue, n. A coarse manner of pro- nunciation. Broider. See Embroider. Broil, broil, n. A noisy quarrel: fray: tumult. Broil, broil, v. t. [broiled (broild), broilixg.] To cook over coals or on a gridiron. — v. i. To be greatly heated. Broker, bro'ker, n. One who does business for anoth- er ; an agent to effect contracts for a compensation. — Broke, v. i. To act as agent, esp. in love affairs. — Bro'cage, -kage, -kej, -kerage, n. The fee for act- ing as broker ; a commission on sales. Broma. bro'ma, n. A preparation of cacao seeds, or drink made from it. Bromine, bro'min, n. (Chan.) One of the elements, re- lated in chemical qualities to chlorine and iodine. — Bro'mate, n. Bromic acid compounded with a base. — Bro'mic, a. Compounded of bromine and oxygen. , — Bro'mide, -mid, n. A compound of bromine with a metallic or combustible base. — Bro'mite, -mit, n. i An ore of silver; bromic silver. — Bro'mism, -mizm, n. A cachectic condition caused by using bromine. | Bronchi, bron'ki, -chia, -kt-a, -chiae, -kl-e, n. pi. j (Anat.) The ramifications of the windpipe in the lungs. — Bron'chial, -ki-al, a. (Anat.) Pert, to, etc. — Bronchitis, -ki'tis, n. Inflammation of the bronchial membrane. Bronze, br5uz or bronz, n. An alloy of copper with tin, sometimes with other metals, esp. zinc; a statue, medal, etc., cast in bronze; a brown color; the color of bronze. — ?•. t. [broxzed (brSnzd or bronzd), bronzixg.] To give the appearance of bronze ; to make brown; to make hard or unfeeling; to brazen. — a. Made of, or resembling, etc. Brooch, broch, n. An ornament, with a pin to attach it to a garment. (Paint.) A painting all of one color. — v. i. To adorn with jewelry. Brood, brood, r. i. To sit on and cover eggs or young; to sit quietly; to remain long in anxious thought; to muse. — v. t. To sit over, cover, and cherish. — n. Offspring; progeny. Brook, brdok, n. A small stream of water. — v. t. To bear, endure ; to be contented with. Broom, broom,??. A genus of leguminous plants; a besom, or brush, to sweep floors, etc., — orig. made of the broom plant. Broth, broth, n. Liquor in which flesh or anything else is boiled. Brothel, broth'el, n. A house of ill-fame. Brother, brutii / 'er, n. ; pi. Broth'ers or Brethren, breth/ren (used in the solemn style). He who is born of the same parents with another, or of one of them only; one closely united to another by some common tie ; one who resembles another. — Broth'- erly, a. Pert, to; kind; affectionate. — Brotherhood, -hot)d, n. State of being, etc.; an association ; a fra- ternity ; a class of individuals of the same occupa- tion. — Broth'er-in-law, n. Brother of a husband or wife; sister's husband. Brougham, broo / 'am or broom, n. A light close carriage. Brow, brow, n. The ridge over the eye, with the hair upon it; the forehead; the edge of a steep place. Brown, brown, n. A dark color inclining to red or yellow. — a. Of a brown color, — v.t. [browxed (brownd), browntx'G.] To give a brown color to. Browse, browz, v. t. [browsed (browzd). brows- ing.] To eat or nibble off, as the ends of branches of trees, etc. — v. i. To feed on shoots of shrubs or trees. — Browse, brows, n. Tender branches or twigs of trees, etc. Brush-wheel. Bruin, broo'in, n. A bear. Bruise, brooz, r. t. [bruised (broozd), bruisi.xg.] To injure or crush; to contuse; to reduce to fragments; to fight with the fists ; to box. — n. A contusion. Bruit, broot, n. Report; rumor ; fame. (Med.) A sound heard on percussion or auscultation. — v. t. To report; to noise abroad. Brunette, broo-nef, n. A woman of dark complex- ion. Brunt, brunt, n. The heat, or utmost violence, of an onset; force of a blow; shock; sudden effort, con- tact, or engagement. Brush, brush, n. An instrument of bristles, etc., for removing dust, laying on colors, etc. ; branches of trees lopped off; brushwood; a thicket; a skirmish; a slight encounter; anything resembling a brush. — v. t. Tbrushed (brusht), brushing.] To apply a brush to; to pass lightly over; to remove or gather bv brushing. — r. i. To move nimbly in haste; to skim over with slight contact. — Brush'y, -1,_a. Re- sembling, etc.; rough. — Brush'iness, n. wheel, n. A wheel without teeth, re- volving another by" friction; a revolving brush for polishing. — wood, n. A thick- et or coppice; small branches cut from trees. Brusk,Brusque,brdosk, a. Blunt ; rough ; rude. Brute, broot, a. Xot having sensation or reason; senseless; irrational; unintelligent; animal; bes- tial; rough. — n. A beast; a low-bred, unfeeling person.— Bru'tal, a. Pert, to, or like, etc. ; cruel; in- human. — Brutal'ity, n. — Bru'talize [-talized (-izd), -izixg], Bru'tify [-tified (-ti-iicl), -fyixg], v. t. To make a brute of,' make brutal. — Bru'tish, a. Having characteristics of, etc. ; ignorant; stupid; gross ; carnal ; bestial.— Bru'tishly, adv.— Bru'tish- ness, n. — Bru'tism, -tizm, n. The nature, qualities, or actions, of a brute. Bubble, bub ,r l, n. A bladder of water or other fluid inflated with air : anything empty ; a delusive scheme. — v. i. [bubbled (bub /, ld), bubbltxg.] To rise in bubbles, run with a gurgling noise. — v.t. To cheat, deceive. Buccaneer, Bucanier, buk-a-ner / \ n. A pirate ; free- booter. Bucentaur, bu-sen r tawr, n. (Myth.) A fabulous monster, half ox and half man. — The state barge of Venice, used in the ceremony of espousing the Adriatic. Buchu, bu'ku, n. (Bot.) A plant used for diseases of the bladder. Buck, buk, n. Lye for soaking cloth, in bleaching; also liquor in which clothes are washed; cloth or clothes washed. — ?•. t. To steep in lye; to wash in lye or suds. (Mining.) To break up or pulverize, as ores. — Buck-basket, -bas / 'ket, n. A basket for car- rving clothes to the wash. Buck, buk, n. The male of the fallow deer, goat, sheep, rabbit, and hare, — also applied to male Indians and negroes ; a gay, dashing, young fel- low. — v. i. To jump viciously, with the 'head down, as if butting, — said of mules, etc.-^r. t. To confine, b} r passing a stick under the bent knees, and over the wrists, the hands being Riif>fc tied together before the xsui-n.. shins. — Buck-shot, n. Coarse shot used for large game. skin, n. Leather of deer, goats, etc. Buckboard, buk'bord, -wag'on, v. A rude vehicle, having a board resting on two axletrees. Bucket, buk'et, n. A vessel to hold liquids, etc. (Mach.) One of the cavities on the rim of a water- wheel ; the float of a paddle-wheel. See Water- wheel. — Buck'etful, n. Contents of, etc. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, ice ; Sdd, t5ne, 6r : BUCKEYE 47 BUMPER Buckeye, buk'i, n. A tree indigenous in the AVestern States; a nickname for a resident of Ohio. Buckle, buk'l, n. A frame with tongue or catch to fasterrthings together; a curl, or state of being curled or crisped, as hair.— r. t. [buckled (buk'ld), buck- ling.] To fasten with a buckle ; to prepare for ac- tion ; set stoutly at work. — v. i. To bend, bow ; to struggle, contend. — Buckler, n. A kind of shield. {Naut.) A cover fitted to the hawse-holes, to exclude water. Buckram, buk'ram, n. A coarse linen cloth, stiffened with glue. — a. Made of buckram ; stiff, precise. Buckthorn, buk'thQrn, n. {Bot.) A genus of plants. Buckwheat, buk'hwet, n. A plant, whose seed is used as grain. Bucolic, bu-koKik, -ical, a. Pert, to a shepherd; pas- toral ; rustic. — Bucof ic, n. A pastoral poem. Bud, bud, n. An undeveloped branch or flower ; a prominence on certain animals, which grows into an animal, as a bud in a plant grows into a flower. — v.i. To put forth buds; to begin to grow, or issue from a stock like a bud, as a horn; to be in bloom, or growing, —v. t. To insert, as the bud of one plant, under bark of another, to raise a fruit different from the stock. Buddhism, biKfizm, ??. The doctrine taught by the Hindu sage', Buddha, in the (Jth century B. C, and adopted as a religion in Central and Eastern Asia. etc. —Buddhist, bud'ist, n. A votary of Buddhism. — Bud'dhist, -isfic, a. Buddie, bud'dl, n. {Mining.) A wooden frame for washing ore. —v. t. To wash ore with, etc. Budge, buj, v. t. [budged (bujd), budging.] To move off, stir, wag. — n. Lamb-skin fur, used as an , edging of scholastic habits. — a. Lined with budge; hence, scholastic ; austere or stiff. — Budg'et, n. A bag or sack, with its contents ; a stock or store ; a governmental financial statement. Buff, buf, n. A sort of leather, from the skin of the buffalo, also of other animals, dressed in oil ; a mili- tary coat, made of buff-skin ; the color of, etc. ; the bare skin. {Med.) A grayish, viscid crust observed on blood. {Mech.) A wheel covered with buff leather, for polishing. — o. Made of buff leather; of the color of, etc., —between light pink and light vellow. Buffalo, buf a-lo, n. ; pi. Buf'faloes, -loz. A kind of wild ox of the eastern conti- nent ; a buffalo-robe ; applied improperly to the bison. See Bison. Buffer, buffer, n. {31ech.) An apparatus to deaden concussion by moving bodies. —A foolish fellow ; good-natured old fel- low. Buffet, boof-a' or buffet, n. A Buffalo. sideboard or closet, for plate, china, etc. Buffet, buffet, n. A blow with the hand ; cuff ; vio- lent resistance, as of winds and waves. — ?•. t. To box, beat, slap; to contend against. — r. i. To play at boxing ; to make one's way by buffeting. Buffo, buf fo^w. The comic actor m an opera. [It.] — Buffoon, -foon', n. One who amuses bv tricks, iokes, and pleasantries ; a mimic ; mountebank ; clown. — Buffoon'ory, ^er-T, n. The arts of, etc. ; pranks. Bug, bug, n. An insect of many species ; esp. a hemipterous insect which infests beds, etc. —Bug, Bug'bear, -bar, Bug'aboo, -a-boo, n. Something frightful ; a specter ; hobgoblin. Bugger, bug'gcr, n. One guilty of buggery ; a vile creature. — Bug'gery, -1, n. A crime against na- ture ; sodomy. Buggy, bug'gf, n. A light four-wheel vehicle, with or without a calash top. Bu'gle, Bugle-horn, bu'gl-hSm, n. A wind instrument for hunting or for military music. Bugle, bu'gl, n. An elongated glass bead. Buhl, bul, n. A figure of brass, un- burnished gold, etc., set into sur- faces of ebony, tortoise-shell, etc. Buhr-stone, bef ston, n. {Min.) A flintv quartz, used for mill-stones. Bugle-horn See Bur. Build, bild,v.t. [built (bilt) or (antiquated) BUILDED; building.] To Irame, construct, and raise, as an edifice; to fabricate; to raise on any foundation : to increase and strengthen. — v. i. To practice build- ing ; to construct, rest, or depend. — n. i'orm, or mode of construction. — Build'er, n. — Build'ing, n. Act or business of, etc. ; thing built. Bulb, bulb, n. {Bot.) A bud growing from a plant, (.usually below ground), and producing a stem above and roots below. {Anat.) A part shaped like bulbous roots. A protuberance on a stem, as the bulb of a thermometer, —v. i. To form bulbs. Bulge, bulj,?*. The protuberant part of a cask, etc. {Naut.) The bilge of a vessel. — v. i. [bulged (buljd), bulging.] To swell out; to be protuberant; to bilge, as a ship. Bulk, bulk, n. Magnitude of material substance; size; mass ; the majority ; the principal portion. {Naut.) The whole cargo of a ship when stowed. — v. i. To appear of great size or importance. —Bulkier, n. {Naut.) One who ascertains the capacity of goods, to fix the freight or shore-dues upon them.— Bulk'y, -i, a. Large. — Bulk'iness, n. Bulkhead, bulk'hed, u. {Naut.) A partition in a ship, etc., made with boards, etc. Bull, bul, 71. The male of any bovine quadruped, also of any large quadruped, as the elephant. {Astron.) Taurus, one ot the twelve signs of the zodiac. {Stock Exchange.) One who buys stock on time, agreeing to take a certain amount at a future dav at a stated price, beyond which he seeks to raise the market value. See Bear. — v. t. To endeavor to raise the price of.— Bul'lock, n. A young bull; an ox, or cas- trated bull. —Bull '-dog, n. A variety of dog, of re- markable ferocity and courage, — named prob. fr. being used to bait bulls or fr. the size of the head.— -fight, -fit, n. A combat with a bull. — finch, n. A thick-necked singing-bird allied to the grossbeak. — -frog, n. A large species of frog, which makes a loud, croaking noise. head, n. A fish of the genus cottus; also the cat-fish, or horned-pout; a stupid fel- low; lubber. — head'ed, -necked, -nekt, a. Unyield- ing; dogged. — rush, n. A large, strong rush, grow- ing in swamps or water. — trout, n. A large species of trout, ascending rivers periodically to spawn. Bull, bul, n. The seal appended to the edicts and briefs' of the pope ; an edict, or rescript of the pope. A blunder; use of language self-contradictor}' or ex- pressing ideas entirely different from those in- tended. Bulldoze, buKdoz, v. t. To intimidate by violence. Bullet, buK'let, n. A small ball; esp. one of lead for small-arms. Bulletin, bufle-tin, v. A statement respecting some event, issued by authority for public information; public notice, esp., of news recently received. Bullion, bufvun, n. Uncoined gold or silver in the mass; precious metal, coined or uncoined, when reckoned by weight and in mass. Bulls'-eye, budbf I, n. {Navt.) A wooden block with- out sheave's, having a groove around it, and a hole , through it. A thick piece of glass in a deck, roof, etc.. to let in light; any circular opening for air or light; a policeman's lantern; the center of a target; a knob left on a sheet of plate-glass by the blow- pipe; a thick, old-fashioned watch. Bully, bufi, n. A blustering fellow. — a. Jovial; merry.'— v. t. [bullied (buKlid), bullying.] To insult with blustering menaces; to treat with inso- lence. — v. i. To be noisy and quarrelsome; to swagger, crow, domineer. Bulwark, bufwerk, n. {Fort.) An outwork for de- fense; a bastion. A means of defense; screen: shel- ter, pi. {Naut.) A ship's sides above the deck. — r.t. To fortify with a rampart; to protect. Bumble-bee, bum / 'bl-be, ??. A large bee; humble-bee. Bumkin, bunfkin, n. {Naut.) A piece of timber to which stays, sails, etc., are fastened. Bummer, burn'mer, n. A vagrant; forager; soldier seeking food and plunder; dissipated fellow. Bump, bump, n. A thump; heavy blow; swelling or protuberance. — v. t. [bumped (burnt), bumping.] To strike, as against anything solid. — v. i. To make a loud, heayy, or hollow noise, as the bittern. Bumper, bum , per, n- A cup filled to the brim. sun, cube, full ; moon, fotit ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, BUMPKIN 48 BURY Bumpkin, bumpkin, n. An awkward, heavy rustic; a clown, or country lout. Bun, Bunn, bun, n.~ A small sweet-cake. Bunch, bunch, n. A protuberance; hunch; knob or lump; a collection, cluster, or tuft. — v. i. To swell out. — v. t. To form or fasten into a bunch. Buncombe, Bunkum, bun'kum, n. A body of constit- uents; speech-making for the gratification of con- stituents. Bundle, bun'dl, n. A number of things bound to- gether, esp. into a package for handling or convev- ] ance; a parcel; roll. — v. t. [bundled (bun'dld), bundling.] To tie or bind in a bundle or roll. — I v. i. To set off in a hurry. Bung, bung, n. The stopper of the orifice in the bilge ! of a cask; the hole itself. — v. t. To stop, as the ori- fice, etc. ; to close. — Bung^hole, n. The hole in the bilge of a cask. Bungalow, bim'ga-lo, n. In India, a one-story house. Bungle, bun'gl, v. i. [bungled (bun-'gld), bung- ling.] To act or work awkwardly. — v. t. To make or mend clumsily; to botch.— Bungler, n. A clumsy workman. Bunk, bunk, n. A wooden case, for a seat by day and abed at night; one of a series of berths in vertical tiers. — v. i. To go to bed in a bunk. — Bunk'er, n. A tub, box, etc., to hold coal, etc. Bunyon, Bunion, bun'yun, n. {Med.) Enlargement and inflammation of the membranous sacat the ball of the great toe. Bunt, bunt, n. (JS'aut.) The middle part or belly of a sail. — v. i. To swell out, as a sail: to push with the horns; to butt. — Bunfline, n. A rope to haul up the body of a sail when taking it in. Bunting, 'bunfing, n. A bird allied to finches and sparrows. Thin woolen stuff, of which flags are made. Buoy, boot, n. A float; esp. a floating mark to indicate objects beneath the water. — v. t. [buoyed (booTd), BUOY- ING.] To keep afloat; to keep from sinking into ruin or de- spondency; to fix buoys to: to mark by' buoys. —v. i. To float; to rise by specific light- ness. — Buoy'ant, a. Having the quality of rising or floating; bearing up, as a fluid: cheerful; vivacious. — ] ancy, -an-sT, n. Quality of floating: specific v ness; cheerfulness. (Physics.) "Weight just sufficient to submerge a floating body. — Buoy'antly, adv. Bur, Burr, ber, n. A pricklv envelope of the seeds of plants; the rough edge left by a tool in cutting metal; a guttural mispronunciation of the letter r. — v. t. To pronounce with a burr; to talk or whisper hoarsely.— Bur^dock, n. A genus of prickly-fruited plants. Burbot, ber'bot, n. A fish shaped like an eel, having beards on the nose and chin. Burden, ber'dn, Bur'then, -then, n. That which is borne or carried; what is grievous, wearisome, or oppressive; the contents or capacity of a ship. — v. t. [burdened (-dend), -dening.] To lay a load upon; to oppress.— Bur'aenous, -us. -some, -sum, a. Griev- ous to be borne. — Bur'densomely. adv. Burden, ber'dn, n. The verse repeated in a song; chorus: refrain; that 'which is often repeated; the main topic. Burdock. See under Bur. Bureau, bu'ro, n.; pi. Bu'eeaux or -reaus. -roz. Orig., a desk with drawers for papers; the place where a bureau is used, or business transacted; a department for transaction of public business; the body of subordinate officers under the direction of a department chief; a chest of drawers for clothes, etc. — Bureaucracy, bu-ro'kra-sY, n. A system of conducting government business by departments, each under a chief. Burg, berg, n. Orig., a fortified town : a borough. — Burgess, ber'jes, n. A freeman of a borough: a rep- resentative or magistrate of, etc. — Burg'grave, Bur'- frave, n. In Ger., orig., one in command of a burg ; ut the title and domain became hereditary.— Burgh, berg, n. Same as burg and borough. — Burgh'' al, a. Pert, to, etc. — Burgh'er, n. An inhabitant of, etc. Buov. Juoy r - lieht- — Burg'o-mas'ter, n . A chief magistrate of a mu- nicipal town in Holland. Flanders, and Germany. (Ornith.) An aquatic bird; the glaucous gull, 6f arctic regions. Burgeois. See Bourgeois. Burgeon. See Bourgeon. Burglar, bergler, n. (Law.) One who breaks and en- ters a house, to commit a felony. — Burglary, -la-ri, n. Act of, etc. — Burgla'rious", -rf-us, a. Pert, to, or constituting, etc. — Burgla'riously, adv. Burgundy, ber'gun-dl. /?. A kind of wine made in Burgundy, France. — Burgundy-pitch, -pich, ?i. Turpentine from which the essential oil has been distilled off. Burial. See under Bury. Burin, bu'rin, n. An engraver's tool having a sharp cut- ting point ; a n engrav- er's style of _^*sSfflP^ll execution. ^ - Burke, berk, V.t. [BURKED „ . (berkt), Bunn - burking.] To murder, without marks of violence, to obtain a body for dissection; to dispose of quietly or indirectlv. Burl, berl, v.t. [burled (berld), burling.] To dress, as cloth, by fulling; to pick knots, loose threads, etc., from. —n. A knot or lumn in thread or cloth. — Burl'er, n. A dresser of cloth. Burlap, ber'lap, ». A coarse fabric of linen, jute, or hemp. Burlesque, ber-lesk', a. Provoking laughter by ludi- crous images; jocular, ironical. — n. Ludicrous rep- resentation ; exaggerated parody : satirical compo- sition intended to ridicule anvthing; caricature. — v. t. [burlesqued (-leskf), -lesquing.] To turn into ridicule. — Burlefta, -lefta, n. (Jfus.) A comic opera ; a musical farce. Burly, berlT, a. Of great bulk; stout; lusty; coarse and rough. — Bur'liness, n. Burn, bern, v. t, [burned (bernd) or burnt; burn- ing.] To consume with fire ; to injure by heat; to change by exposure to heat : to produce an effect akin to that of heat. (Surg.) To cauterize. (Cfiem.) To combine with oxygen, — v.i. To be on fire; to be injured by excess of heat; to have the appearance of fire ; to be hot or in a passion ; to act with de- structive violence; to be akin to fire in the effect pro- duced. — n. A hurt or injury caused by fire; the op- eration of burning or baking. — Burn'er, n. One who burns or sets on fire: an appendage to a lamp or gas-fixture, to promote combustion. Burn,?!. A brook. See Bourn. Burnish, ber'nish, v. t. [burnished (-nisht), -nish- ing.] To polish by rubbing with something hard and smooth ; to render bright. — v. i. To grow or become smooth or glossy, — n. The effect of bur- nishing; gloss ;_luster. Burnoose, ber'noos, n. A loose hooded cloak for women, imitated from a garment of the Arabs. Burr. See Bur. Burrow, ber'ro, n. A hole in the ground made by rabbits, etc., for shelter. (Mining.) A heap or heaps of rubbish. — v. t. [burrowed /-rod), -rowing.] To excavate or lodge in a hole in the earth; to hide. Burse, bers, n. Orig., a purse; a fund to maintain poor scholars; a student so maintained; a public meeting place for merchants : an exchange. [Also written bourse.] — Bur'sar, -ser, n. A cash-keeper; purser; a student to whom a stipend is paid.— Bur'- sary, -ser-i, n. The treasury of a college, etc. ; a charitable foundation in a university. Burst, berst, v. i. [burst ; bursting.] To fly or break open violently; to make any sudden change from restraint, in visibility, absence, etc., to an oppo- site state; to issue by a sudden removal of obstacles; to crack, split, sever. — r. r. To break or rend vio- lently; to open suddenly. — n. A breaking forth; disruption ; sudden explosion. Burt, bert, n. A flat fish of the turbot kind. Burthen. See Burden. Bury, ber'!, n. A borough ; manor; used as a term, of names of places, as. Canterbury, —v. t. [buried (bSr'id), burying.] To conceal by covering; esp. to am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 2nd, eve, term ; Yn, Tee ; Sdd, tone, 6r ; BUS 49 BYZANT cover out of sight, as in a grave, the ocean, etc.: to hide in oblivion.— Burial, -Y-al, re. Act of burying; interment. — Bur'ying-ground. -place, re. A grave- yard; church-yard. Bus, bus, n. An omnibus. [Abbrev. fr. omnibus.} Busby, buz'M, re. A military cap or bear-skin. Bush, bush, re. A thicket, or place abounding in trees; a branching shrub; a cluster of shrubs; a bushy branch cut from a tree; a branch of ivy (as sacred to Bacchus); hence, a tavern sign, or the tavern it- self . — v, i. To grow thick or bushy. — v. t. To set bushes for, as for peas; to use a bush-harrow on, or for covering. — Busb/y, -T, a. Full of bushes; full and spreading, like a bush. — Bush^iness, re. — Bush'-bean, re. The common, low garden-bean; kidney-bean; French bean. — fight'ing, n. Irregu- lar warfare in a woody country. — -har'row, re. (Agric.) A harrow made of bushes, for covering seeds, etc. — man, re. A settler in the backwoods of Australia. (Geog.) One of a tribe of savages near the Cape of Good Hope. — whack'er, re. One ac- customed to beat about bushes ; a raw country- man; a scythe for cutting brush; one engaged m predatory excursions against an enemy. wnack'- ing, re. Traveling, or working a way, through bush- es; pulling by the bushes, as in hauling a boat along a stream; irregular or predator}- warfare. Bush, bush, n. (JIacJi.) A metal ring or lining let into an orifice. — v. t. To furnish with a bush, or line with metal. — Busb/ing, re. A metal lining for a hole; a thimble. Bushel, bush'el, re. A dry measure, containing 8 gallons; a vessel of the capacity of a bushel, used in measuring; the circle of iron in the nave of a wheel. — BusheKage, -ej, re. A duty payable by the bushel. Busily, Business, etc. See under Busy. Busk, busk, re. A thin piece of metal, whalebone, or wood, worn in corsets. Buskin, bus'kin, n. A covering for the foot and leg, for hunters and actors in tragedy ; tragedy, as dis- ting. fr. comedy. Buss, bus, re. A kiss; a rude or playful kiss. A two- masted herring-boat. — v. t. [bussed (bust), buss- ing.] To kiss. Bust, bust, n. A piece of statuary representing the upper part of the human figure: the portion of the human figure between the head and waist. Bustard, bus'tard, re. A bird of the Ostrich familv. Bustle, busl, v. i. [bustled (bus'ld), bustling.] To stir quickly, be very active. — re. Great stir; tumult from excitement. — Bus'tler, n. Bustle, bus'], re. A kind of cushion to expand ladies' skirts behind. Busy, biz'!,. a. Engaged in business; occupied: con- stantly active: restless: active in what does not concern one; officious; pragmatical.— ?-, t. [busied (biz'id), busying.] To make or keep busy, employ, occupy. — Business, biz 'nes, re. That which busies one; employment; particular occupation for a liveli- hood or gain; traffic in general: concern; right or occasion of making one's self busy; affair; transac- tion; trade; profession; duty. — Bus'inesslike, a. Properly done ; thorough; straightforward. — Busy- body, biz'T-bod-i, n. One who officiously concerns himself with others' affairs, a meddling person. But, but, prep. & conj. Except ; besides ; unless ; save that ; were it not' that ; otherwise than that ; that not; only; solely; merely; on the contrary; on the other hand ; yet ; still ; nevertheless. But, re. and v. See Butt. Butcher, buch^er, re. One who slaughters animals for food '; one who kills cruelly ; one given to slaughter. — v. t. [butchered (-erd), -eking.] To kill, as animals, for food; to murder, esp. barba- rously.— Butcb/ery, -er-T, re. Business of a butcher; great slaughter ; massacre. Butler, bufler, re. A servant in charge of liquors, etc. Butt, But, but. re. The larger end, as of a piece of tim- ber; an end; limit; bound; unplowedlandat the end of a field; a mark to be shot at; object of aim; one at whom ridicule or contempt is directed ; a thrust given in fencing or by the head of an animal; the stoutest part of tanned ox-hides. {Carp.) A kind of hinge, screwed to the edge of the door, which butts against the casing. The metalring at the ends of fire-engine hose. — v. i. To join at the butt, end, or outward extremity; to be bounded; to abut; to thrust the head forward, —v. t. To strike by thrust- ing the head against. — Butte, but or bit, re. An iso- lated peak or abrupt elevation of land. — But'tock, re. The rump, or protuberant part of the body be- hind. (Xaut.) The convexity of a ship behind, under the stern. Butt, but, re. A pipe or large barrel, containing from IDS to 126 gallons. Butter, bufter, re. An oily, unctuous substance ob- tained from cream by churning. — v. t. [buttered (-terd), -tering.] To cover with butter. — But'ter- ine, -in, re. A substitute for butter, made from ani- mal fat : oleomargarine. — But'tery, -ter-i, a. Hav- ing the qualities, consistence, or appearance, of but- ter. — re. A place for keeping butter, milk, provis- ions, etc. ; a room in some colleges, etc., for the sale of refreshments ; a cellar in which wine is kept. — But'tercup, re. A plant having bright yel- low flowers ; crowfoot. fingered, -fin'gerd, a. Apt to drop things, as if from greasy fingers. — fly, re. A lepidopterous insect of different species. — -fly-valve, re. (Jfech.) A valve consisting of two semi-circular clappers or wings hinged to a cross- rib. — man, n. One who sells butter. — milk, re. Milk remaining after the butter is separated from it. — nut, re. An American tree and its fruit, which contains oil; the nut of a South American tree, — called also the Savuari nut. scotch, re. A candy made from sugar and butter. — tree, re. A tropical tree whose seeds yield a butter-like substance. Butteris. See under Buttress. Buttock. See under Butt. Button, bufn, re. A small ball; knob; a catch, to fasten together parts of dress, or to hold a door closed ; a bud; germ of a plant. (Assaying.) A round mass of metal remaining in the cupel after fiiMon. r.- [buttoned (but'nd), -toning.] To fasten with, etc. — v. i. To be fastened by, etc. But'ton-hole, re. The hole in which a button is caught. — v. t. To hold by the button or button- hole ; to detain in conversation ; to bore. mold, -mould, -mold, re. A disk of bone, wood, etc., which is made into a button by covering it with cloth. — -wood, re. The North American plane-tree, produ- cing rough balls ; the button-ball. Buttress, buf tress, re. (Arch.) A projecting support to the exterior of a wall ; a prop. — v. t. To support by a buttress ; to prop. — But'teris, -ter-is, re. {Far.) An instrument to pare horses' hoofs. Buxom, buks'um, a. Orig., obedient or yielding ; healthy ; jolly ; frolic- some. Buy, bi, v. t. [bought (bawt), buying.] To purchase ; to acquire by paying for ; to procure by a consideration given. — v. i. To negotiate about a purchase. — Buy'er, n. Buzz, buz, v. i. [buzzed (buzd), buz zixg.] To make a low, continuous humming sound, as bees ; to speak with a low, humming voice. — v. t. To make known by buzzing ; to spread, as report, by whispers. — ??. A continuous, humming noise ; whisper : report spread cautiously. Buzzard, buz'erd, re. (Omith.) A bird of prey, of the falcon family. A blockhead ; a dunce. By, bi, prep. Near or next to ; from one to the other side of ; past ; with, as instrument, means, way, etc. ; through means of ; with aid of ; through, —mdv. Near ; present ; passing near; going or gone past. — a. Out of the common path ; aside ; — in composi- tion giving the meaning of something incidental, collateral, or private. Bye, bi, re. A dwelling ; in certain games, the station of a player. By-law, bi'law, re. A law of a city, town, corpora- tion, etc. Byzant, biz'ant. Byz'antine, -tin, re. (Xuniis.) A gold coin, worth $25, coined at Byzantium. — Byzantine, bi-zan'tin or biz'an-tln, a. Pert, to Byzantium. Buttress. sfm, cube, full ; moon, fo~6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNbON, chair, get. 4 oO CALAMITY C. C, se,the 3d letter in the English alphabet, has 2 sounds, one close (represented in the phonetic respellingsin this vocabulary by k), the other a sibilant (repre- sented by s). The digraph ch has 3 sounds, the 1st as in church (represented by ch), the 2d as in chaise (represented by sh), the 3d as in chorus (represented by A). — (Mus.j C after the clef is the mark of com- mon time, in which each measure is a semibreve, cor- responding to 4- C i s a l so tne name of a note in the scale; the key note major, and the third minor, of the natural scale. — C is used as a contr. for L. cen- tum, a hundred. Cab, kab, n. Abbr. of Cabriolet, q. v. — A Hebrew dry measure of 2 5-6 pints. Cabal, ka-bal', n. A number of persons united to pro- mote their private views by intrigue: a junto; tac- tion; plot; intrigue. — v. i. [caballed (-bald'), -balling.] To plot, conspire. — Cabal', Cab'ala, kab'a-la, n. Secret tradition, or a mysterious science among Jewish rabbins: mystery. Caballine. kab'aUm, a. Pert, to ahorse. — n. A kind of aloes, used in medicine for horses. Cabas, ka'ba, n. A reticule: satchel. Cabbage, kab'ei, ». A garden vegetable, the head of which is edible, —v. i. To form a head in growing. Cabbage, kab'ej, v. t. [cabbaged (-ejd), -baging.] To purloin. — n. Cloth retained bj- 'tailors when cut- ting out garments. Cabin, kab'in, n. A small room; a cottage; hut; an apartment in a ship. — v. i. [cabined (-ind), cab- ining.] To live in a cabin, lodge. — v. t. To con- fine in a cabin. Cabinet, kab'in-et, n. A small room; closet; room for consultations ; secret council of a government ; a piece of furniture with drawers and doors; a place for valuables.— Cab'inet-coun'cil, -kown'sil, n. Con- fidential council of a prince, etc. — ma'ker, n. A maker of furniture ; a joiner. Cable, ka'bl, n. A rope or chain to retain a vessel at anchor, suspend weights, contain and protect a tel- egraph wire, etc. — v. 1. To fasten with a cable. — v. i. and t. To telegraph through a cable. — Cable- gram, n. A message sent through a telegraphic ca- ble. — Cables-length. 720 feet. Caboose, ka-boos r , n. (3 ant.) A galley, or cook-house on deck: a box covering the chimney in a ship. A railroad tool-car. Cabriolet, kab'rt-o-la, n. A one-horse two-seated car- riage with calash top, and covering for the legs. Cacao, ka-ka'o or ka'ko, n. The chocolate tree of So. Amer. and the W. Indies. Cachalot, kash'a-lot. n. The sperm whale. Cachexy, ka-kek'sT. n. A depraved condition of the system. — Cachec'tic, -tical, a. Cachinnation, kak'in-na-shun, n. Loud or immod- erate laughter. Cackle, kak'l, v. i. [cackled (kak'ld), cackling.] To make a noise like a goose or hen ; to laugh with a broken noise, giggle ; to talk in a silly manner, prattle. — n. The noise of a hen, etc.; silly talk. Cactus, kak'tus, n. ; pi. Cac'- tTOes, -ez, or Cac'ti, -ti. A genus of tropical Amer- ican plants, having thick, fleshy stems, often armed with spines. Cad, kad, n. In Eng., the con- ductor of an omnibus ; an errand-boy: a low-bred, ob- trusive fellow; a snob. Cadaverous, ka-dav'er-us, a. . Resembling a corpse ; pale; wan: ghastly. Caddice, -dis, kad'dis. n. The I larva of the caddice-fly, — used as bait in fishing.— I Cad'dice-fly, n. An insect, frequenting marshy places. I Caddis, kad'dis, ». A kind of worsted lace or ribbon. i Caddy, kad'dl, n. A small box for keeping tea. Cade, kad, n. A barrel; cask. Cadence, ka'dens, n. A fall of the voice in reading or speaking ; a modulation of sound. (Mil.) A uniform time and pace in marching. (Mas.) A pause at the end of an air: a closing embellishment. — v. t. To regulate by musical measure. Cadet, ka-def, n. (Mil.) A gentleman who serves as a private, to obtain a commission; ayoung man in a military school. Cadew. k'a-du', Cade-worm. Same as Caddice. Cadi, ka'di, n. ; pi. CA'Dis,-dIz. A Turkish local mag- istrate. Cadmean, kad-mc'an, Cadmian, kad'mi-an, a. Pert. to Cadmus, prince of Thebes, said to have intro- duced into Greece 1CJ letters of the alphabet. Cadmia, kad'ml-a, n. (Mia.) An oxide of zinc; for- merly, the ore of zinc, called calamine.— Cad'mium. n. (Chem.) A white, ductile, and malleable metal related to zinc. — Cal'amine, -nun, n. Silicate, for- merly carbonate, of zinc. Caduceus, ka-du'se-us, n. (M>/th.) Mercury's rod,— a wand entwined by serpents, and sur- mounted by wings. Caducous, ka'-du'kus, a. (Bot.) Falling off quickly or easily. Caesar, se'zar, n. An emperor, — esp. of Germany, as being the successor of Au- gustus Cassar and the Roman emperors ; kaiser. — Caesa'rean, Cesa'rean, a. Pert, to Cffisar. — Cesarean section. (Surg.) An incision through the parietes of the ab- domen and uterus, to extract the fetus. Caesura, se-zu'ra or -su'ra, n. ; E. pi. C.E- SU'kas, -raz ; L. pi. -RJE, -re. (Pros.) A pause or division in a verse ; a separation, by ending of a word or pause in the sense, of' syllables rythmically connected. Cafe, kafa, n. A coffee-house: lunch-room. — Caffeic, -fe'ik, a. (Chem.) Pert, to, or obtained fr., coffee. — Caffeine, -fe'in, n. A white, bitter, crystallizable substance, obtained from, etc. Cag, kag. n. A small cask or barrel; keg. Cage, kaj, n. A box or inclosure, for confining birds, animals, criminals, etc. (Mining.) A hoist for rais- ing ores, persons, etc., from a pit. — r. t. [caged (kajd), caging.] To confine in a cage. Caiman. See Cayman. Caique, ka'ek or ka-ek', n. A Turkish skiff or light boat. Cairn, karn. n. A rounded or conical pile of stones. Caisson, kas'son, n. (Mil.) A chest containing am- munition ; wagon for conveying military stores. (Arch.) A wooden frame used in submarine build- ing: a panel sunk below the surface. Caitiff, ka'tif, n. A mean, despicable person. — a. Base : vile. Cajeput, kaj'e-put, n. An essential oil from the East Indies. Cajole, ka-joK, v. t. [cajoled (-joldO, cajoling.] To deceive or delude by flattery: to wheedle, coax, entrap. — Cajo'lery, -ler-I, n. A wheedling; coaxing language: flattery. Cake, kak. n. A composition of flour, butter, sugar, etc., baked: a mass of matter concreted and flattened. — v. i. and t. [caked (kakd), caking.] To form into a cake, or mass. Calabash, kaKa-bash, n. The fruit of the calabash tree; a large gourd: a vessel made from the shell, etc. — — CaKabash tree. A tree of tropical America. Calaboose, kal-a-boos', n. A prison ; jail. Calamine. See under Cadmia. Calamity, ka-lam'T-tl, n. A great misfortune or cause am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; odd, tone, 6r ; CALAMUS 51 CAMBRIC of misery ; disaster ; mishap ; mischance.— Calami- tous, -T-tus, a. Suffering, or producing, calamity ; deplorable; grievous. — Calamitously, adv.— Ca- lam'itousness, n. Calamus, kaKa-mus, n. ; pi. -mi, -mi. {Bot.) Indian cane, a plant of the palm family; also, the sweet flag. [L.] — Calamiferous, -er-us, a. Producing reeds. Calash, ka-lash', n. A light carriage with low wheels, having a top that can be raised or lowered, and often a movable front, making it either an open or close carriage; also, a Canadian two- wheeled vehi- cle; a hood of a carriage which can be thrown back; a hood-like head-covering. Calcify, Calcine, etc. See under Calx. Calculate, kaKku-lat, v. t. To ascertain by arithmet- ical or mathematical processes, or by reckoning pe- culiarities or circumstances ; to fit by adaptation of means to the end ; to compute, estimate, rate. — v.i. To make a calculation. [Improperly used for intend or purpose.'] — Calculable, a. capable of be- ing, etc. — Calculation, n. Art, act, or result of, etc. — CaPculative, -tiv, a. Pert, to, etc. — Calcu- lator, -ter, n. One who, etc. Calculus, kal'ku-lus, re.; pi. -Li, -li. {Med.) A solid concretion in the body, usually in the organs that act as reservoirs, and in the excretory canals. {Math.) A method of computation ; one of the branches of mathematics.— Calculous, -lus, a. Like stone; hard; gritty; affected with stone or gravel. Caldron, kawl'drun, n. A large metal kettle or boiler. Calefacient, kal-e-fa'shent, a. Making warm; heat- ing. — n. {Med.) A substance that excites warmth. — CaPefy, -fi, v. i. To grow warm. — v. t. To make warm. Calendar, kaKen-dar, re. An arrangement of the di- visions of time, as days, weeks, months, etc. ; an almanac ; an enumeration of persons or things. — v. t. To enter in a calendar. — a. Contained in, or according to, etc. — Calendar month. A month ac- cording to the common or Gregorian calendar, as given in almanacs. —C. year. A Gregorian year, or year of our Lord, ending Dec. 81. Calender, kaPen-der, n. A machine or hot-press, to make cloths, paper, etc., smooth and glossy or wavy; one who calenders; one of a sect of Eastern der- vises, named from the founder. — v. t. [calen- dered (-derd), -dering.] To press between rollers. Calf, kaf, re. ; pi. Calves, kavz. The young of the cow; an ignorant, stupid person; a small island near a larger one; a mass of ice attached to an iceberg.— Calve, kav, v. t. To bring forth a calf. Calf, kaf, n. The fleshy part of the leg behind, below the knee. Caliber, Calibre, kaPY-ber, n. Diameter of a round body, as of a bullet, or of the bore, as of a cannon or tube; mental capacity. — Callipers, -perz, CaFiper-com'passes, re. pi. Com- passes with curved legs, for measuring the caliber of round bodies. Calico, kaPi-ko, n. ; pi. -coes, -koz. Plain white cotton cloth; printed cot- ton cloth, coarser than muslin.' — a. Made of, etc. ; resembling, etc., — said of a horse, etc., having patches of color different from the general color. Caliduct, kaPi-dukt, n. A pipe to con- vey heat; acaloriduct. Caligo, ka-lfgo, n. {Pathol.) Dimness of sight, from a speck on the cornea; the iij' or dimness; dark. Caligraphy. See Calligraphy. Calipash, kaKT-pash, n. Part of a turtle belonging to the upper shell, containing a gelatinous substance of a greenish tinge. — Cal'lpee'. n. Part belonging to the lower shell, of a yellowish color. Caliph, Calif, ka'lif, re. Successor or vicar, — a title of the successors of Mohammed. Calisthenic, kal-is-then'ik, a. Pert, to calisthenics.— CaFisthen' r ics, n. sing. Art, science, or practice of healthful bodily exercise. Calk, kawk, v. t. [calked (kawkt), calking.] To drive oakum into the seams of, as of a ship, to prevent leaking; to put sharp points upon the shoes of, to prevent slipping on ice, — said of a horse or ox; to Calipers, speck itself. wound, witli a calk, — said of a horse, etc. — n. A point on a shoe, to prevent slipping. — Calk'er, Calk'in, Caulk, Cork. Same as Calk, n. Call, kawl, v. t. [called (kawkT), calling.] To in- vite or command to come or he present ; to con- voke, summon, bid; to give a name to; to desig- nate as for office, duty, etc.; to litter loudly. — v. i. To speak loudly, cry out; to make a brief visit.— re. A vocal address of summons or invitation; a public demand ; requisition; a divine summons; a short visit. {Hunting.) A note blown on a horn. {Naut.) A whistle to summon sailors to duty. {Fowling.) A noise in imitation of a bird; a pipe to call birds by imitating their voice. — CalPing, n. A summons; occupation; vocation; business. Calla, kaPla, n. A genus of plants. Calligraphy, kal-lig'ra-f I, re. Fair or elegant penman- ship. — Callig 'rap hist, -fist, n. An elegant penman. Calliope, kal-li'o-pe, n. {Myth.) The muse presiding over eloquence and heroic poetry. An organ whose tones are produced by steam instead of wind ; a steam-whistle on locomotives, etc. Callisthenics. See Calisthenics. Callow, kaPo, a. Destitute of feathers: naked. Callus, kaPlus, n. {Med.) Any preternatural hard- ness in the body, esp. of the skin; new growth of osseous matter uniting fractured bones. [L.] — CaP- lous, -lus, a. Hardened ; indurated ; obdurate ; un- feeling. — Callously, adv. — Callousness, n. Calm, kam, a. Not stormy; undisturbed by passion; still; tranquil; serene; placid. — re. Freedom from motion, agitation, or disturbance. — v. t. [calmed (kamd), calming.] To render still or quiet; to ap- pease, compose, assuage. Calomel, kaPo-mel, n. {Cliem.) A mild chloride of mercury, used as a medicine. Caloric, ka-lor /r ik, n. {Physics.) The principle of heat; agent to which phenomena of heat and com- bustion are ascribed. — Calcricity, -is'Y-tT, n. Fac- ulty of developing heat, — esp. in animals, to with- stand cold. — Calorific, a. Able to produce heat; heating. Calumet, kaPu-met, n. A pipe used by American In- dians as a symbol of peace and war. Calumny, kaVum-nY, n. False accusation; defama- tion; slander. — Calum'niate. -ni-at, v. t. To accuse falsely and knowingly, asperse, vilify, traduce.— Calurn'ma'tion, re. False accusation. — Calum'ni- ator, -ter, n. — Calum'nious, -nl-us, a. Containing or implying, etc. Calvary, kaKva-rY, n. A place of skulls; esp. the place of Christ's crucifixion ; a Roman Catholic chapel containing representations of Christ's pas- sion and death. Calve. See under Calf. Calvinism, kaPvin-izm, n. The theological doctrines of Calvin and his followers. Calx, kalks, n. ; E.pl. Calx'es, -ez; L. pi. Cal'ces, kaKsez. {Chem.) Earthy residuum remaining after the calcination of a metal or mineral. — Calcareous, -ka'rt-us, «. Of or containing, carbonate of lime. i — CaPcic, -sik, a. {Chem.) Pert, to, or derived from calcium.— Calciferous, -sifer-us, a. Containing carbonate of lime. — CaPciform, a. In the form of chalk or lime. — CaPcify, -fi, v. i. and t. To change into a stony condition, in which lime is a princi- pal ingredient. — Calcine, kal-sin' or kaPsYn. [calcined (-sind' or -sYnd), -cining], also CaPci- nate, -sY-nat, v. t. To reduce to powder or a friable state, by the action of heat; to oxidize, as a metal. — v. i. 'To be converted into a powder, etc. Calyx, ka/lix, n. ; E. pi. Ca'lyxes; L.pl. Cal'yces, kaPY-sez. {Bot.) The outer covering of a flower. Cam, kam, n. {3Iach.) A projecting part ( of a wheel, etc., giving an alternating motion to a piece pressing against it. Camber, kanPber, re. {Arch.) An arch or convexity on the top of a beam, or of an aperture. Camboge. See Gamboge. Camboose, kam-boos'', re. {JVaut.),A cook- room. Cambrel. See Gambrel. Cambric, kam'brik, n. A fine, white fabric Calyx. sun, cube, full ; moon, f<36t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get, CAME 52 CANON , cotton fabric, in imitation of linen ladruped, used in LX of flax or linen ; : cambric. Came. See Come. Camel, kam'el, n. A ruminant quadruped, used in Asia and Africa for carrying bur- dens. (Naut.) A contrivance for lifting ships over shoals. — Cam'- el's-nair, a. Made of camel's hair. — Cam'let, Cam'elot, -e-lot, n. A cloth, orig. of camel's hair, now of wool or goat's hair with silk or thread. Camellia, ka-mel'ya, n. A genus of evergreen shrubs. Camelopard, ka-mel'o-pard or kam'el-, n. (Zo'61.) A ruminant, long-necked, African quadruped; the gi- raffe. Cameo, kam'e-o, n. ; pi. -os, -oz. A precious stone or a shell carved in relief. Camera, kam'e-ra, n. {Arch.) A vaulted roof or ceil- ing. The camera obscura. — Cam'era Lu'cida, -lu'- sY-da. (Opt.) An instrument which reflects a pic- ture that may be traced on paper, etc.— C Obscura. -ob-sku'ra. An apparatus which reflects external images, received through a lens, upon a white sur- f acewithin a darkened chamber. Camisade, kam-Y-sad', -sado, -sa'do, n. (Mil.) A shirt worn over a soldier's uniform, for recognition in the dark; an attack by surprise at night. — Camisole, -sol, n. A waistcoat: dressing-jacket; straight-jacket. Camlet. See under Camel. Camomile, Chamomile, kam'o-mil, n. A bitter plant, used in medicine. Camp, kamp, n. Ground containing tents, huts, etc., for shelter; company of persons encamped in the same spot. — v. t. [camped (kampt), camping.] To afford lodging for, as an army, travelers, etc. — v. i. To rest or Todge;_to pitch tents, etc.; to encamp. Campaign, kam-pan', n. A large, open plain : an extensive tract without hills. (Mil.) The time that an army keeps the field. ( U. S- Politics^) The con- test for an election; a canvass. — v.i. To serve in a campaign. Campaniform, kam-pan'Y-form, a. (Bot.) In the shape of a bell. — Campanol'ogy, -it. n. Art of ring- ing bells; a treatise on it. — Cam'panile, -ne'la, n. (Arch.) A bell-tower. Campestral, kam-pes'tral, -trian, -trY-an, a. Pert, to, or growing in a field, or open ground. Camphene, -phine, kam-fen', n. (Chem.) Pure oil of turpentine. Camphor, kam'fer, n. The solidified sap of an East Indian laurel tree. — Cam'phire, -fir,_n. Obs. spell- ing of camphor. — Cam'phorate, -fer-at, v. t. To im- pregnate with, etc. Cam-wood, kam'wiSod, n. A hard, red dye-wood, from Sierra Leone. Can, kan, n. A cup or vessel for liquids. — r. t. [canned (kand), canning.] To preserve in cans, as fish, veg- etables, etc. — Can'akin, -nikin, n. A little can. Can, kan, v. i. [imp. could.] To be able; to have power. Canaille, ka-naK or ka'na'y', n. The lowest class of people; the rabble; vulgar; shorts, or low grades of flour. Canal, ka-naK, n. An artificial water-course, esp. one for boats. (Anat.) A duct for the passage of liquids or solids. Canard, kan-ar' or kan-ard', n. An extravagant fabri- cation. [F.] Canary, ka-na'r Y, n. Wine made in the Canary Isles. — Cana'ry-bird, -berd, n. A singing bird of the finch family, native in, etc. Cancan, k&N-kaN or kan'kan, n. Scandal; tittle-tat- tle ; an indecent French dance. [F.] Cancel, kan'sel, v. t. [canceled (-seld), -celing.] To cross and deface the lines of, blot out, destrov, obliterate, erase, abrogate, do away. (Print.) To suppress and reprint. — n. (Print.) The suppression and reprinting of a part of a work; the part thus al- tered. Cancer, kan'ser, n. The crab. (Astron.) A sign in the zodiac, denoting the northern limit of the sun's course. (Med.) A livid, scirrhous tumor, usually terminating in an ulcer, and rarely cured.— Cancer- a tion, n. A growing cancerous. — Can'cerous, -us, a. Like, consisting of, or affected with, cancer. — Cancriform, kan'krY-f6rm, a. Crab-shaped ; like a cancer; cancerous. — Cancrine.kan'krin, a. Having the qualities of a crab. — Canker, kan^ker, n. An ulcer in the mouth ; anything that corrupts or cor- rodes. (Hort.) A disease in trees. (Far.) A disease of horses' feet. The dog-rose ; a caterpillar. — v. t. [-kered (-kerd), -kering.] To corrode, eat, cor- rupt, infect. — v. i. To become venomous; to waste away, grow rusty. Candelabrum. See under Candle. Candid, kan'did, a. Orig. white ; free from bias ; im- partial ; open ; frank ; equitable. — Can'dent, a. Heated to whiteness ; glowing with heat. — Can- didate, -dY-dat, n. One who seeks or is proposed for office or preferment. — Can'dor, -der, n. Freedom fr. prejudice or disguise; sincerity. Candle, kaii'dl, n. Tallow, wax, spermaceti, paraf- fine, etc., inclosing a wick, and used to furnish light.— Can'' die-coal, n. A bright-burning coal; can- nel-coal. — light, n. The light of, etc. — Candela'- brum, n. ; L. pi. -bra, -bra, E. pi. -brums. A tall can- dle-stick; stand for supporting lamps; chandelier. [L.] — Chandelier, shan-de-ler', n. A frame with branches for candles or other lights. [F.] — Chand- ler, chandler, n. One who makes or sells candles, also other commodities indicated by a word pre- fixed, as corn-chandler, ship-chandler. Candy, kan'dY, v. t. [candied (-did), -dying.] To con- serve or boil in sugar; to form into crystals, as sugar. — v. i. To change into, or become impregnated, or covered with, sugar; to be formed into crystals.— n. A preparation of sugar or sirup ; a confection of sugar. Cane, kan, re. (Bot.) A plant of several species, in- cluding reeds, as bamboo, rattan, etc., also sugar- cane. A reed; walking-stick; staff ; a lance made of cane. — v. t. [caned (kand), caning.] To beat with, etc.; to make or furnish with, etc. Canicula, ka-nik'u-la, Canicule, kan'Y-kQl, n. (Astron.) A star in the constellation of Canis Major ; the Dog- star, or Sinus. Canine, ka-nln'', a. Pert, to dogs ; having the quali- ties of a dog. — Canine teeth. The pointed teeth, be- tween the incisors and grinders,— resembling a dog's teeth. See Tooth. Canister, kan'is-ter, n. A basket of rushes, reeds, etc.; a case for holding tea, coffee, etc. Canker. See under Cancer. Cannabin, -bine, kan'na-bin, re. (Chem.) A poison- ous resin extracted from hemp (Cannabis lndica), giving hasheesh its narcotic effects. Cannel-coal, kan'nel-kol, n. A hard black coal, which burns with a clear flame. Cannibal, kan'nY-bal, n. One who eats human flesh ; a man-eater. Canron, kan'un, n. A hollow metal cylinder closed A, cascabel; B, first re-en- I of the muzzle ; F, triinn- force ; C, second re-en- ion ; G, rim-base ; a. base- force; D, chase; E, swell | ring; b, base of the breech, at one end, for throwing balls by the force of gun- powder. (Mecli.) A hollow cylindrical piece, inclos- ing a revolving shaft. — Cannonade, -ad', n. Act of attacking with balls from cannon, —v. t. To attack with artillery. — v. i. To discharge cannon. Cannot, kan 'not. To be unable, [can and not, usu- ally united in writing and printing.] Cannular, kan'u-lar, a. Having the form of a tube ; tubular. Canny, kan'nY, a. Gentle; cautious; harmless; good. Canoe, ka-noo', w. A boat formed of a tree trunk ex- cavated or of bark or skins. Canon, kan'un, n. A law or rule, esp. an ecclesias- tical law, or rule of doctrine or discipline ; the gen- uine books of the Scriptures ; a catalogue of saints. (Mus.) A continued fugue ; a round. One who am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r ; CANON 53 CAPITAL Aa holds a prebend in a ca- thedral, etc. (Print.) The largest size of type having a specific name, —former- ly used for printing the canons of the church. — Can'oness, n. A woman who enjoys a prebend. — pin on TVn P Canon'ic, -ical, a. Pert, to Canon iype * a canon; according to the canon or rule. — Canon'- ; ically, adv. — Canon'icalness, n.— Canon 'icals, -alz, n. pi. Full clerical dress.— Canon'icate. -ik-at, Can'- onry, -rf, -onship, n. The office of a canon. — Can- j onicity, -is'T-tT, n. State of belonging to the canon, I or genuine books of Scripture ; canonicalness.— Can'- j onist, n. A professor of canon law. — Canonist 1c, a. j Pert, to a canonist.— Can 'onize, -Iz, ?;. t. [-iZED(-izd), i -izing.] (Bom. Catk. Church.) To place upon the I catalogue of saints. — Canoniza'tion, n. Ceremony i or act of placing one deceased in the catalogue of ! saints ; state of being canonized. — Can'on law. j (Eccl.) The law sanctioned by the church of Rome, j Canon, Canyon, kan'yun, n. A gorge, ravine, or gulch, worn by streams. Canopy, kan'o-pt, n. A covering over a throne, bed, etc., or overhead. (Arch.) An ornamental projec- tion over doors, windows, niches, etc. — v. t. [cano- i pied (-pid), -pying.] To cover with, etc. Cant, kant, v. t. To incline, or place upon edge, as a ; Capable, ka'pa-bl Cantalever cask; to give a sudden turn or impulse to; to cut off an angle from. — n. An inclination from a horizon- tal line ; a thrust, push, etc., with a jerk. — Cantle, kan'tl, n. A fragment, corner, or edge of anything; j the hind-bow of a saddle. — Cant'let, n. A piece. — I Cant 'hook, n. A lever with a hook at the end, for | canting, or turning over, heavy logs. Cant, k8nt, v. i. To speak in a whining voice, or an af- j fected, singing tone; to make whining pretensions to goodness. — n. An affected mode of speaking; a word I or phrase hackneyed, corrupt, or peculiar to some I profession; religious phraseology; secret language of j Cap-a-pie, gypsies, thieves, beggars, etc. — a. Affected, inele- Caparison gant, vulgar, — said of language. Can't, kant. A colloq. contr. for can not. Cantaleup, -loupe, kan'ta-loop, n. A variety of musk- melon. Cantalever, kan'ta-lev-er, Cantilever, kan'tl-, n. (Arch.) A bracket to support a balcony, eaves of a house, etc. Cantankerous, kan-tan'ker-us, a. Very vile or bitter ; perverse ; malicious ; contentious. — Can- tan'kerousneBs, n. Cantata, kan-ta'ta or -ta'ta, n. (Mus.) A poem set to music. — Cantab'ile, -t-la, Cantilena, -te-la'na, n. A piece suited for singing ; a melody. [It.] — Can'ticle, -tl- kl, n. A little song; pi. the Song of Solomon, a book j of the Old Testament.— Can^tillate, v.t. To chant.— i Can'to, n. ; pi. Can'tos, -toz. A chief division, or ! book, of a poem. (3fus.) The soprano, or highest part. I [It.] — Can'tor, n. _The leader of a choir; precentor. | Canteen, -tine, kan-ten', n. A soldier's vessel for car- rying liquor. — Cantiniere, -ten'yar, n. A female sutler; a vivandiere. [F.] Canter, kan'ter, n. An easy gallop. — v. is [can- | tered, (-terd), -tering.] To move, as a horse, in a canter. — v. t. To ride upon, etc. Cantharis, kan'tha-ris, n. ; pi. -tharides, -thar'Y-dez. (Entom.) A coleopterous insect or beetle, used for blistering; Spanish fly. Canticle, Canto, Cantor, etc. See under Cantata. Cantle, Cantlet. See under Cant. Canton, kan'ton or kan-ton', n. A small portion of territory, constituting a government; a part, or di- vision. — v. t. [cantoned (kan'tond or kan-tond'), -toning.] To divide into districts or portions; to allot separate quarters to, as to troops. — Can'tonal, a. Pert, to, or divided into, etc. — Can'tonize, v. t. To divide into, etc. — Can'tonment, n. A division of a town, etc., assigned to particular troops. Canton flannel._See Cotton-flannel, under Cotton. Cantoon, kan-toon', n. A kind of strong fustian. Canvas, kan'vas, n. A coarse cloth of nemp or flax, for tents, sails, painting, etc.; the sails of a vessel. — Can'vas-back, n. A species of sea-duck, named from the markings of its plumage. — Can' vass, v. t. [canvassed (-vast), -vassing.] To sift, strain, exam- ine thoroughly, discuss, debate; to go through in the way of solicitation. — v. i. To solicit votes or inter- est. — n. Close inspection to know the state of; ex- amination in the way of discussion ; a solicitation or effort to obtain something. — Can'vasser, n. One who solicits votes or subscriptions, or examines re- turns of votes. Canyon. See Canon^ Caoutchouc, koo'chook, n. An elastic substance, ob- tained fr. the juice of several tropical plants; India rubber; gum elastic. Cap, kap, n. A covering for the head; a cover; top. — v. t. [capped (kapt), capping.] To cover the top or end of; to render corn plete, consummate; to provide with a cap. — Cape, kap, n. Part of a garment, covering the shoulders; a cloak.— Caparison, ka-par'I-sun, n. The covering of a horse ; trappings ; gay clothing. — v. t. [-soned (-sund), -soning.] To_cover with, etc. ; to dress. — Capoch, -pouch, ka-pooch', n. A monk's hood ; the hood of a cloak. — v. t. To cover with a hood; to hoodwink or blind. — Capote. -of, ??. A long cloak for women ; a hooded cloak for sol- diers, sailors, etc. [F.] — Cap'uchin', -u-shen', n. A Franciscan monk, whose dress includes a cowl ; hooded cloak for women; a kind of pigeon. able, ka'pa-bl, a. Possessing ability, qualifica- tion, or susceptibility; able; fitted; effective; skill- ful. — Capability, Ca'pableness, n. Capacious, ka-pa'shus, a. Having capacity; spacious; extended : having ability to take large views of things ; broad ; comprehensive ; Jiberal. — Capa'ciousness, n. — Capacitate, -pas'Y-tat, v. t. To render capable, qualify. — Capac'ity, -tT, n. Power of receiving or containing; extent of room or space; ability; element of power ; condition or circumstances ; character. (Law.) Aptitude or qualification, as of age, resi- dence, etc. (Geom.) The solid contents of a body, ip'a-pe'. From head to foot. [OF.] See under Cap. Cape, kap, n. Part of a garment covering the shoulders. A neck of land extending into the sea ; a headland. Capellet, kap'el-et, n. (Far.) A wen-like swelling on a horse's hock. Caper, ka'per, v. i. To leap or jump about, spring, dance. — n. A frolicsome leap; a skip; jump. Caper, ka'per, n. (Bot.) The flower-bud or unex- panded flower of the caper-bush, used for pickling. Capias, ka'pl-as, n. (Law.) A writ or process ordering the arrest of the person named in it ; writ of capias. Capillary, kap'il-la-rt or ka-pil'la-rf, a. Resembling a hair; long and slender; pert, to capillary tubes or CAPITALS. Doric. sun, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. CAPITOL 54 CARD metropolis : a stock employed in trade, manufactures, etc.; means of increasing one's power ; influence. {Print.) A letter such as is used at the beginning of a sentence or proper name, and distinguished by form dr size . ~ from the lower ABCDEF ABCDEF {Fort.) The line bisecting the salient angle of a rav- elin. See Ravelin. — Capitalist, n. A man of large property. — Capitalize, -iz, v. t. To convert into capital, as money or stock : to commence with a capital letter. — Cap'italizalion, n. xlct of con- verting, etc. ; use of capital letters. — Capitally, adv. — Capita lion, n. A numbering of persons ; a tax upon each head ; poll-tax ; capitation tax. Capitol, kapl-tol. n. The temple of Jupiter, in Rome: the edifice occupied by a legislature; government- house. Capitular, ka-pifu-lar, a. Pert, to a chapter. (Bot.) Growing in small heads, as dandelions. — Capif- ular, -ulary, -u-la-rl, n. An act passed in a chapter of knights, canons, etc.: a collection of laws or statutes ; a member of a chapter. — Capit 'ulary, a. Pert, to the chapter of a cathedral. — Capit'ulate, ' -u-lat, v. i. To surrender on stipulated terms, as an army, etc. — Capit ula'tion, n. A reducing to heads or articles ; act of surrendering, etc. : an in- strument containing the terms of surrender. — Ca- pit'ula'tor, n. Capivi, ka-pe've, n. A balsam. Capoch, Capouch, Capote. See under Cap. Capon, ka'pn or ka'pun, n. A cock gelded to im- prove his flesh forthe table. Caponiere, kap-o-ner', n. (Fort.) A work placed in ! a ditch for its defense by fire-arms; often serving as a covered passage-way. Caporal, kap'o-ral, n. A kind of smoking tobacco. Capot, ka-pot', ??. A winning of all the tricks of cards at the game of _piquet. Capreolate, kap're-o-lat, a. (Bot.) Having tendrils, j or spiral claspers. Caprice, ka-pres', n. Sudden or unreasonable change ! of mind; fickleness; freak: whim ; vagary. — Capri- cious, -prish'us, a. Governed by caprice; unsteady: I captious. — Capri'ciously, adv. Capricorn, kap'rl-kom, n. (Astron.) The 10th sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters at the winter solstice, about Dec. 21st. Capsicum, kap'si-kum, n. A genus of plants produ- cing red or Cayenne pepper.— Cap'sicine, -sT-sin, n. ] (Ch'em.) The active principle of , etc. I Capsize, kap-siz', v. t. [-sized (-slzd'). -sizing]. To upset or overturn, as a vessel. • — n. An overturn. Capstan, kap'stan, n. (Naut.) A machine to weigh anchor or draw up great weights, operating with a cable wound round it like a wheel and axle. Capsule, kap'sul, n. (Bot.) A seed-pod or pericarp. (Chem.) A clay saucer for roasting or melting samples of ores, etc.; an evaporating dish. (Physiol.) A small membranous sac. A me- tallic cover for closing a bottle. A percussion cap. capstan. Captain, kap'tan, n. The military officer command ing a company or troop ; also the commander of a ship, foreman of workmen, etc.: a military leader: warrior. — Captain-general. (Mil.) A commander- in-chief. — C. -lieutenant. An officer, who, with the rank of captain, and pay of lieutenant, commands a company or troop. — 'Cap'taincy, -si, n. Rank, post, or commission of, etc. Caption, kap'shun, n. (Law.) That part of a legal instrument which shows where, when, and by what authority, it was taken, found, or executed. The j heading of a chapter, section, or page. Captious, kap'shus, a. Apt to find fault or cavil; ! fitted to catch or perplex ; petulant; fretful.— Cap'- tive, -tiv, n. A prisoner taken in war; one charmed or subdued by beauty, excellence, or affection, —a. I Made prisoner; kept in bondage: serving to confine; pert, to bondage.— Cap'tivate, v. t. Lit., to capture; to overpower with excellence or beauty, fascinate. I — Captivity, -tiv'I-tT, n. State of being a prisoner or under control: subjection.— Cap'tor, : ter, n. One who takes, as a prisoner or a prize. [L.] — Capture, kap'chur, n. Act of taking by force; seizure; thing taken.— v. t. To take by force, surprise, or stratagem. Capuchin. See under Cap. Caput Mortuum, ka'put-mor'tu-um. Residuum of dis- tillation or sublimation : worthless residue. Car, kar, n. A small vehicle moved on wheels; a rail- road carriage; a chariot of war.— Carry, kSr'ri, r. t. [carried (-rid), carrying.] To convey or trans- port : to bear, cause to move forward, urge, im- pel; to transfer from one place to another; to effect, accomplish: to obtain possession of by force ; to bear the aspect of, exhibit, imply: to' behave, con- duct, demean. — v. t. To convey or propel; to bear. — Car'riage, -rii, n. Act of carrying; that which carries; a vehicle; manner of carrying one's self; de- meanor; conduct. — Carriageable, -rij-a-bl, a. Pass- able by carriages. — Car'rier, -rT-er, n. —Carriole, -I-ol, n. A small open carriage.— Car'ry-all, -rT-awl, n. A light, four-wheeled one-horse covered vehicle. — Cartrkiirt, n. A two-wheeled vehicle for loads. — v. t. To carry in, etc. —Carthage, n. Act of, etc. ; price paid for, etc.— Cart'er, n. — Cart'wright, -lit, n. A maker of, etc. Carack. Carrack, k&r'ak, n. A large ship of burden , formerly used by the Portuguese. Caracole, kSr'a-kol, /;. A half turn made by a horse- man. (Arch.) A spiral staircase. — v. i. "To move in, etc.; to wheel. Carafe, ka-raf '. n. A glass decanter. Caragheen. See Carrageen. Caramel, kar'a-mel, n. (Chem.) A black, porous sub- stance obtained by heating sugar to about 400°. A confection made of chocolate, butter, and molasses or sugar. Carapace, kar'a-pas. Car'apax, n. A thick shell, cov- ering the turtle's back; upper shell of crabs, etc. CaraC kar'at, v. A jewelers' weight of 4 grains, used in weighing precious stones; a l-24th part, — a denomination used in determining the proportionate fineness of gold, which is supposed to be divided into 24 equal parts. Caravan, k&r'a-van or kar-a-van', n. A company of travelers, pilgrims, etc., traveling together for se- curity: a large carriage on springs, or train of car- riage's, for conveying wild beasts, etc. — Caravan'- sary, -sa-rT, -serai, -se-ri, n. An Eastern inn, where caravans rest at night. Caraway, kar'a-wa, n. (Bot.) A biennial aromatic plant of the parsley family, and its seed. A sweet- meat containing caraway seeds. Carbine, kar'bTh. Carabine, kar'a-bTn, n. (Mil.) A light musket used by mounted troops. Carbon, kiir'bon, n. '(Chem.) An elementary sub- stance, forming the base of charcoal, entering large- ly into mineral coals and graphite, and in its pure crystallized state constituting the diamond. — Car'- bonate. n. A salt formed by the union of carbonic acid with a base. — Carbonic, a. Of, or pert, to, carbon. — Carbonic acid. An acid composed of 1 part of carbon and 2 of oxygen, — a heavy gas, unfit for respiration. — Carboniferous, -if'er-us, a. Pro- ducing, or containing, carbon or coal. — Car'bonize, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -izixg.] To convert into carbon. — Car'boniza'tion, n. Act or process of, etc. — Car- bolic acid. A substance obtained by distillation of coal tar, used as an antiseptic and disinfectant ; phenic alcohol; phenol. Carboy, kiir'boi, n. A large glass bottle, inclosed in basket-work. Carbuncle, kar'bun-kl. n. (Min.) A gem of a deep red color, with a mixture of scarlet. (Med.) A ma- lignant boil. Carcass. Carcase, kar'kas, n. The dead body of an animal; corpse: the body, in contempt: decaying re- mains, as of a ship: the frame of a thing, unfinished or without ornament. (Mil.) A vessel holding com- bustibles, to be thrown from a mortar. Card, kard, n. A piece of pasteboard or thick paper, for various uses: a published note of statement, ex- planation, request, etc.; a paper on which the points of the compass are marked. — v. i. To play at cards. Card, kard, n. An instrument for combing wool or am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r j CARDAMOM 55 CARVE flax, or for cleaning the hair of animals. — v. t. To comb with a card ; to mix, or debase by mixing. — Card'ing-en'gine, -machine'', n. A machine for combing, breaking, and cleansing wool or cotton, and forming it into a roll. Cardamom, kar'da-mom, n. A leguminous plant of the East Indies, whose seeds are used in medicine. Cardiac, kiir'dr-ak, -diacal, -di'ak-l, a. (Anat.) Pert, to or resembling the heart, also to the upper orifice of the stomach. Exciting action in the heart, through the medium of the stomach. — Car'diac, n. (Med.) A medicine which excites action in the stomach, and animates the spirits; a cordial. Cardinal, kar'd Y-nal, a. Of fundamental importance ; preeminent ; chief ; principal. — n. (Ro n. Cath. Church.) One of the ecclesiastical princes of the pope's council. Awoman's short cloak; mulled red wine. — Cardinal numbers. The numbers 1, 2, 3, etc., in distinction from first, second, third, etc., which are called ordinal numbers. — C. points. (Geog.) North and south, east and west. — C. vir- tues. (Antiq.) Prudence, justice, temperance, and fortitude. — Car'dinalate, -at, -ship, n. Office, rank, etc., of a cardinal. Cardoon, kar-doon'', n. A salad plant. Care, kar, n. Charge or oversight, implying responsi- bility; attention or heed; caution; solicitude; watch- fulness; burdensome sense of responsibility ; trou- ble; theobjectof attention or anxiety, —v.i. [cared (kard), caring.] To be anxious or solicitous; to be concerned; to be inclined or disposed. — Care'ful, -ful, a. Attentive ; thoughtful ; cautious ; full of care or solicitude. — Care'fully, adv. — Care'ful- ness, n. — Care'less, a. Having no care; inatten- tive ; negligent ; heedless ; unthinking ; free from anxiety . — _Care / 'lessly, adv. — Carelessness, n. Careen, lca-ren /r , v. t. (Naut.) To heave on one side, as a ship, to calk, repair, cleanse, etc. — v. i. To in- cline to one side. Career, ka-rer', n. A race-course ; rapidity of mo- tion ; a race ; course_ of proceeding ; procedure. — v. i. [careered (-rerd'), careering.] To move rapidly. Caress, ka-res'', v. t. [caressed (-rest'), caressing.] To treat with fondness, affection, or kindness; to fondle. — n. Act of endearment. Caret, ka'ret, n. (Print.) A mark [a] indicating something omitted, either interlined above, or in- serted in the margin. Cargo, kar'go. n. ; pi. Car'goes, -goz. The lading or freight of a ship. Caribou, kar'I-boo, n. The American reindeer. Caricature, kar'T-ka-choor', n. The exaggeration of that which is characteristic; a picture or description in which peculiarities are so exaggerated as to ap- pear ridiculous, —v. t. [-tured (-choord r ), -Tur- ing.] To make a caricature of. Caries, ka'ri-ez, n. (3fed.) An ulceration of bone. — Ca'rious, -rT-us, a. Affected with, etc. Carinate, k&r'I-nat, -nated, a. (Bot.) Shaped like the keel of a ship. Cariole. See under Car. Carl, karl, n. . A rude, rustic, rough man ; a kind of hemp. Carline, kar'lin, Car'ling, n. (Naut.) A timber, ranging fore and aft, from one deck beam to another, directly over the keel, serving as a foundation for the body of the ship. Carmelite, kar'mel-it, n. A monk of the order of Mount Carmel, Syria; a kind of pear. Carminative, kar-min / 'a-tiv, a. Expelling wind from the body; warming. — n. (Med.) A medicine tend- ing to expel wind, or to remedy colic and flatulen- cies. Carmine, kar'mln, n. A pigment of crimson color, prepared from cochineal. Carnage, kar'nej, n. The flesh of slain animals; slaughter ; massacre ; havoc. — Car'nal, a. Pert, to flesh; fleshly; sensual; given to sensual indulgence; lustful; lecherous: libidinous. — Carnality, n. Sen- suality. — Car'nalize, -iz, v. t. [-nalized (-nal-lzd), -izing.] To make carnal.— Carna'tion, n. Flesh- color. (Paint.) That part of a picture which rep- Carinated leaf. resents undraped flesh. (Bot.) A species of clove- pink. — Car'nifica'tion, n. A turning to flesh.— Car'nify, -II, v. i. To form flesh. — Carniv'ora, -o-ra, n. pi. An order of animals which subsist on flesh. — Carnivorous, -rus, a. Flesh-eating. — Carnos' r - ity, -nos-i-tT, n. A fleshy excrescence; fleshiness. — Caruncle, kar-un /, kl, n. (Anat.) A small fleshy ex- crescence. (Bot.) An appendage at the hilum or scar of a seed. (Zool.) A naked fleshy excrescence on a bird's head. Carnelian. See Cornelian. Carnival, kar'ni-val, n. A festival celebrated before Lent. Carol, kar'ol, n. A song of joy or mirth; a lay; a de- votional song. — v. t. [caroled (-old), -oling.] To celebrate in song. — v. i. To sing in joy or festivity ; warble. Carotid, ka-rot'id, n. (Anat.) One of the 2 large ar- teries conveying blood to the head. Carouse, ka-rowz', v. i. [caroused (-rowzd'), ca- rousing.] To drink abundantly. — v. t. To drink freely or jovially. — n. A drinking match or season of carousal. Carp, karp, v. i. To censure, cavil, or find fault, esp. without reason. — n. A family of soft-finned, fresh-water fishes. Carpal. See under Carpus. Carpel, kar'pel, n. (Bot.) A simple pistil, or one of the parts of a compound Pistil. r „ rn Carpenter, kar'pen-ter, n. ^ ll A worker in timber; aframer and builder of houses, ships, etc. — Car'pentry, -trf, n. Art of cutting, framing, and joining timber ; timbers connected by being framed together, etc. Carpet, kar'pet, n. A heavy fabric for covering floors. — v. t. To cover with, etc. — Car'pet-bag, n. A traveling-bag, — orig. made of carpet. — Car'peting, n. Materials for carpets; carpets in general. Carpus, kar'pus, n. That part of the skeleton form- ing the wrist, consisting of 8 bones, in 2 rows. — Car' - - pal, a. Pert, to, etc. Carriage, Carrier, etc. See under Car. Carrion, kar'ri-un, n. Dead and putrefying flesh. — a. Pert, to, or feeding on, etc. Carrom, kar'um, n. (Billiards.) The act of hitting two balls at once_with the ball struck by the cue. Carronade, k&r-un-ad / ', n. A short cannon, formerty used on ships. Carrot, kar'ut, n. A plant having an esculent root. Carry, Cart, Carter, etc. See under Car. Carte, kart, n. A bill of fare at a hotel.— Carte-blanche, -blaNsh, n. A blank paper, signed, to be filled up as the holder pleases ; unconditional terms ; unlimited authority. — C. -de-visite, -de-ve-zet', n. A photo- graphic picture of the size of a visiting card. [F.] — Cartel, kar-teK or kar'tel, n. (Mil.) A writing or agreement between belligerents, as for exchange of prisoners.— Cartography, n. Art of making charts or maps. — Car'ton. n. Pasteboard; cardboard ; a box of, etc. [F.] — Cartoon, -toon'", n. (Paint.) A design on strong paper, to be painted in fresco. A colored design for mosaic, tapestry, etc. Cartesian, kar-te'zhan, a. Pert, to the French philos- opher Des Cartes, or to his philosophy. — n. A fol- lower of, etc. Carthusian, kar-thoo'zhan, n. One of a religious or- der named fr. Ch.artreux, France. — a. Pert, to, etc. Cartilage, kar'ti-lej, n. (Anat.) A smooth, whitish, elastic substance ; gristle. — Cartilaginous, -laj'T- nus, a. Pert, to, or like, etc. Cartouche, kar-toosh-', n. (Arch.) A scroll-shaped tab- let: a modillion. (Mil.) A case of paper, etc., hold- ing a charge for a fire-arm ; the box containing the charge; a case filled with balls, to be shot from a cannon; a soldier's ticket of leave or dismission. — Car'tridge, -trij, n. (Mil.) A case of paper, paste- board, etc., containing a charge for a fire-arm. Caruncle, etc. See under Carnage. Carve, karv, v. t. [carved (karvd), carving.] To cut, as wood, stone, etc., in a decorative manner; to shape by cutting; to cut into pieces; to distribute or apportion to. — v.i. To exercise the trade of a sun, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, bosboN, chair, get. CARYATES 56 CASUAL carver; to cut up meat. — Carv'er, re. — Carv'ing, n. Act or art of cutting wood, stone, etc., also meat at table; device or figure carved. Caryates, ka-rT-a'tez, -atides, -at'i-dez, v. pi. (Arch.) Figures of women, serving as columns to support entablatures. Cascabel, kas'ka-bel, n. That part of a cannon back of the base-ring. See Cannon. Cascade, kas-kad', n. A waterfall. Cascarilla, kas-ka-riKla, re. A plant of Jamaica, whose_bark is used in medicine as a tonic. Case, kas, n. A covering, box, or sheath: that which incloses or contains; quantity contained in a box. (Print.) A frame subdivided into " boxes " to hold . type for the compositor. — v. t. [cased (kast), ca- sing.] To cover with or put in a case. — Cashing, n. Act of covering any object with a thin substance; an outside covering. — Case'ment, re. A hinged window case or frame; a hollow molding. Case, kas, n. That which falls, comes, or happens; an event; circumstance; a particular instance; situa- tion; state; plight; a state of iV.cts involving a ques- tion for discussion, esp. a cause in court. (Gram.) The form of nouns, indicating their relations to the sentence. Caseine, ka'se-in, re. (Chen.) The curd or coagula- ble part of milk; the basis of cheese. — Ca'seous, -se- us, a. Pert, to, or like, cheese. Casemate, kas'mat, re. (Fort.) A bomb-proof chamber from which cannon may be fired through embrasures. — Case'mated, a. Furnished w i t h , or built like, etc. Casern, kVzern, re. A lodging for soldiers in garrison towns; bar- Cas a h, kash, re. Coin or l vould fi . re through"the em- specie, -also bank- Erasure ra the wall ; a gun at C-would fire en barbette, or over the parapet. D, a para- pet; E, scarp-wall, the outer face of which is the scarp ; a b, terre-plein. Casemate. Casemate. A gun at B notes or paper con- vertible into money; a Chinese copper coin, perforated and strung on a thread. worth about one tenth of a cent. — v. t. [cashed (kashd), cashing.] To turn into cash ; exchange for money. — Cash'-book, n. A book in which to register money received or paid. — Cashier, -er', n. One in charge of the money, accounts, payments, etc., in a bank, etc. ; a cash-keeper. Cashew, ka-shoo', n. A South American tree of the sumac family. Cashier, kash-er', v. t. [cashiered (-erd'), cashier- ing.] To dismiss from an office or place of trust, by annulling the commission of; to discard from service or from society. — Cassation, re. Act of an- nulling. Cashmere, kash'mer, n. A kind of shawl, orig. made in Cashmere, in Asia; a woolen stuff imitating true cashmere. — Cashmeref, n. A kind of ladies' dress goods, in imitation of, etc. Cashoo. Same as Catechd. Casino, ka-se'no, n. A small country house; a club- house. — Cassino, -se'no, n. A game at cards. Cask, kask, n. A close vessel for liquids, made of staves, hoops, etc.; quantity contained in a cask. — Casque, Cask, kask, re. A piece of defensive ar- mor for the head and neck ; a helmet. Casket, kask'et, re. A small chest or box, for jewels, etc.; a coffin. Cassation. See under Cashier. Cassava, kas'sa-va, n. (Bot.) A species of manihot, yielding tapioca. Casse-paper, kas'se-pa'per, re. Broken paper; the out- side quires of a ream. Cassia, kash r a, n. (Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants, including senna; a species of laurel. (Com.) The cheaper kinds of cinnamon. Cassimere, kas'sT-mer, n. A twilled woolen cloth, for men's garments. Cassiterite, kas-sifer-It, n. Oxide of tin, — the ordi- nary tin ore. Cassock, kas'sok, n. (Eccl.) A clergyman's garment, worn under the surplice or gown. Cassowary, kas'so-wa-rl, re. A bird of Java, resem- bling the ostrich. Cast, kast, v. t. [cast, casting.] To send or drive from by force; to throw, fling, impel; to direct, or turn, as the sight; to throw on the ground, as in wrestling; to overcome ; to throw oft, or shed; to compute, reckon; to make to preponderate; to form, by pouring liquid metal into a mold; to found; to distribute, as the parts of a play among actors. — v. i. To revolve in the mind; to receive form or shape; to warp. (Naut.) To fall off, so as to bring the ship's side to the wind. — re. Act of casting; a throw; thing thrown ; distance through which anything is thrown; a chance or venture; act of casting in a mold ; form into which anything is cast or molded; thing cast in a mold; manner of appearance; assign- ment of actors' parts in a play; company of actors to whom the parts are assigned; a motion or turn, as of the eye. — Cast'er, n. One who, etc. ; a phial or cruet f ortable condiments, or stand containing them ; a swiveled wheel on which furniture is rolled. — Cast'ing, n. Act of, etc.; thing cast in a mold; the warping of a board. — Cast'ing-net, n. A fishing net which is cast and drawn. — C. voice, C. vote. Vote of a presiding officer, determining the ques- tion, when the votes of the house are equally di- vided. — Cast'away, re. An abandoned person; a reprobate. — Casfoff, a. Laid aside; disused. Castanet, kas'ta-net, re. A noise-making instrument composed of spoon-shaped shells of ivory or wood, clapped together by the fingers. Caste, kast, n. One of the hereditary social classes in India; a separate and fixed order or class of society. Castigate, kas'tl-gat, v. t. To punish by stripes, cor- net, chastise. — Castiga'tion, n. Punishment by, etc. Castle, kas'l, n. A fortified residence, esp. of a prince Ancient Castle. 1, moat: 2, draw-bridge; ", wicket; 4, sallyport; 5, portcullis; 6, outer walls; 7, parapet; 8, rampart: 9, loop-holes; 10, escutch- eon; 11, bulwark; 12, sen- tinel; 13, magazine; 14, a cell ; 15, donjon or keep; Hi, barracks : 17, barba- can ; 18, watchman ; 19, turret ; 20, chapel ; 21, belfry; 22, state court; 23, merlons ; 24, embra- sures. or nobleman; a fortress; a piece in the game of chess. — v. t. In chess, to cover with a castle, — said of the king, when neither piece has been previously moved, and the king has not been in check. — v. t. In chess, to cover the king with a castle. Castor. See Caster, under Cast. Castor, kas'tSr,«. A genus of animals, including the beaver: a substance of penetrating smell and bitter taste, found in the inguinal sacs of the beaver; a hat, esp. one made of beaver's fur; a heavy broad- cloth. — Cas'tor-oil. The oil of a West Indian plant, — a cathartic. Castrate, kas'trat, v. t. To deprive of the testicles, emasculate, geld. — Castra'tion, n. Act of, etc. Castrel, kas'trel, Kes'trel, n. A hawk resembling the sparrow-hawk. Casual, kazh'u-al, a. Happening without design ; coming without regularity; accidental; incidental; am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, ice ; 8dd, tone, Or ; OAT 57 CATHOLIC Catkin. occasional. — Cas'ualty, n. That which, etc. ; an accident ; death ; misfortune. — Cas'ualism, -izm, n. The doctrine that all things occur by chance.— Cas'uist, -u-ist, n. One who .studies and resolves cases of conscience. — Casuistic, -ical, a. Pert, to cases of conscience, or of doubtful propriety.— Cas'- uistry, -rf, n. Science of determining the right or wrong of acts and opinions of doubtful propriety. Cat, kat, n. (Zobl.) A well-known domestic animal. (Naut.) A ship having narrow stern, projecting quarters, and deep waist ; tackle to draw an anchor up to the cat-head. A double tripod; a game at ball; a kind of whip. —v. t. (Xaitt.) To bring up to the cat-head, as an anchor.— Cat ''amount, n. A species of panther found in the northern United States. — Cat'erwaul, -er-wawl, v. i. To cry as cats in rutting time. — Cat'gut, n. Cord, esp. strings for musical in- struments, made from the intestines of animals, esp. of sheep; a kind of canvas, with wide interstices.— Cat'kin.w. (Bot.) An anient; a kind of inflorescence, consisting of overlap- ping scales. — Cat'like, a. Stealthy ; noiseless. — Catling, n. A little cat; moss, like cat's hair, growing about trees; catgut. (Surg.) A double-edged, sharp-pointed dismembering knife.— Cat'bird, n. An American bird of the thrush family. — boat, n. A small sail- boat, with one sail on a mast close to the bows. call, -pipe, n. A squeaking instru- ment, to interrupt plays at theaters. — fish, n. A large voracious fish of the arctic seas ; also, an American fresh-water fish. — har'ping, -har'pin, n. (Xaut.) A rope or iron leg, to brace in the shrouds of the lower masts behind the yards. — head, n. (Naut.) A timber projecting from the bow of a ship, through which ropes pass to raise the anchor. — -hole, n. (Xaut.) One of two holes astern, to pass hawsers through. — mint, -nip, n. (Bot.) A strong- scented plant, sometimes used in medicine, and of which cats are fond. nap, n. A short sleep.— -o'-nine-tails, n. A whip with nine lashes. — stick, n. A club used in the game of ball called cat. — Cat's'- cradle, n. A game played by children, with a string about the fingers. — -eye, n. (Min.) A variety of chalcedonv, exhibiting yellowish opalescent reflec- tions. — paw, n. A dupe; the tool of another, — fr. the fable of the monkev's using the cat's paw to draw chestnuts from the fire'. (Xaut.) A light air, rippling the surface of still water; a peculiar turn in the bight of a rope, to hook a tackle on. — tail, n. (Bot.) A tall flag, with long flat leaves; a grass, called timothy and herd's grass ; a catkin. Cataclysm, kafa-klizm, n. An extensive overthrow ; a deluge. Catacomb, kafa-kom, n. A cave or subterraneous place for the burial of the dead. Catafalco, kat-a-f al'ko, -falque, -falk', n. A temporary structure of carpentry, used in funeral solemnities. Catalectic, kat-a-lek'tik, a. (Pros.) Wanting a syl- lable at the end. Catalepsy, kafa-lep-sY, n. (Med.) A sudden suspen- sion of the senses and of volition. — Catalep'tic, a. Catalogue, kafa-log, n. A list of names, titles, or articles arranged methodically.— 1\ t. To make a list of. Catalpa, ka-tal'pa, n. A tree of North America, hav- ing large leaves and white flowers. Catamaran, kat'a-ma-ran'', n. A raft of India and Brazil, consisting of 3 connected logs, and moved by a sail ; a sail boat with an outrigger ; a large- wheeled truck for transporting heavy weights ; a cantankerous old woman. Cataplasm, kafa-plazm, n. (Med.) A poultice. Catapult, kafa-pult, n. An engine anciently used for throwing stones, arrows, etc. Cataract, kafa-rakt, n. A waterfall. (Surg.) An opacity of the crystalline lens, or of its capsule. Catarrh, ka-tar'', n. (Med.) Inflammation of the mu- cous membrane of the air passages, with discharge of a watery or glairy fluid. Catastrophe, ka-tas'tro-fe, n. A final event, usually of a calamitous nature; the unfolding and winding up of the plot of a play; denouement. Catch, kach, v. t. [caught or (obs.) catched. catch- ing.] To seize, esp. with the hand; to take captive, as in a snare ; to entangle ; to communicate to, fasten upon; to engage and attach to, charm ; to re- ceive, esp. to take by sympathy, contagion, or infec- tion; to come upon unexpectedly ; to find ; to over- take.—!', i. To be held or impeded by entangle- ment ; to spread by infecting. — n. Act of seizing ; seizure ; that which catches or is caught; gain ; a passing opportunity improved. (Mus.) A humorous round, in which the singers catch up each other's sentences. Catch, kach, Cutch, kuch, n. Commercial names for Catechu, q. v. Catchup, kach'up, Cat'sup, Ketch'up, n. A sauce made from mushrooms, tomatoes, walnuts, etc. Catechise, kafe-kiz, v. t. [-chised (-kizd), -chising.] To instruct by asking questions, receiving answers, and explaining and correcting, — esp. concerning points of religious faith ; to interrogate.— Cat'echism, -kizm, n. A form of instruction by questions and answers; a book of principles, esp. of religious doc- trine, in the form of, etc. — Cat'echist, n. One who, etc. — Catechist'ic, -ical, a. Pert, to a catechist or to catechism.— Catechetlc, -ical, -ket'ik-al, a. Pert. to, or consisting in, asking questions, etc. — Cate- chefically, adv. — Catechumen, -ku'rnen, n. One receiving rudimentary instruction in Christian doc- trines ; a neophyte. Catechu, kat r e-ku, n. (Chem.) A brown, astringent, vegetable extract, obtained in India. Category, kafe-go-rY, n. (Logic.) One of the classes of objects of knowledge or thought, by which they can be arranged in a system. State ; condition ; predicament. — Categorical, -gSr'ik-al, o. Pert, to, etc. ; admitting no conditions or exceptions; absolute; express. — Categorically, adv. Catenary, kafe-na-rY, n. (Geoni.) The curve of a cord hanging between two points not in the same vertical line. — Cat'enary, -na/rian, a. Pert, to or like a chain. — Catenate, -nat, v. t. To connect, in a series of links. — Catena'' tion, n. Union of parts, as in a chain. Cater, ka'ter, v. i. [catered (-terd), catering.] To provide food, buy or procure provisions, purvey. Caterpillar, kafer-pil-ler, n. The larve of a butterfly or lepidopterous insect. Caterwaul, Catharpin, etc. See under Cat. Catharine - wheel, kath'a-rin-hwel, n. (Goth. Arch.) An ornamented circular window, with rosettes or radiating divis- ions. (Pyro- techny.) A re- volving wheel. {Fv.St. Catharine o f Alexandria, represented with a wheel, in allu- sion to her mar- tyrdom.] Catharist, kath^a-rist, n. A pretender to more pu- rity than others possess. — Cathartic, -thar'tik, -tic- al, a. Cleansing the bowels; purgative. — Cathar'- tic, n. A medicine promoting alvme discharges. Cathedra, ka-the r dra or kath'-, n. A chair ; esp. the seat of one in authority. — Cathe'dral, n. The prin- cipal church in a diocese, where the bishop has his official chair.— a. Pert, to, etc.; emanating from the chair of office, as of a pope or bishop; official; au- thoritative. Catheter, kath'e-tSr, n. (Surg.) A tubular instru- ment, introduced into the bladder to draw off urine. Cathetometer, kath-e-tom'e-ter, n. An instrument for measuring differences of vertical heights. Catholic, kath ? o-lik, a. Universal or general ; not narrow-minded, partial, or bigoted; liberal; pert, to, or affecting, the Roman Catholics. — n. A member of the Rom. Cath. church.— Catholicity, -lis'T-tl, n. System of doctrine held by all parts of the orthodox Christian church; also, by the church of Rome; lib- erality of sentiment; Catholicism. — Catholicize, -T- siz, v. t. To become catholic or a Rom. Cath. — Car- Catharine- wheel "Window. sun, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. CATSUP 58 CELL thol'icism, -i-sizm, re. Quality of being, etc.: the • faith of the whole Christian church, or of the Rom. Cath. church; adherence to the Rom. Cath. church; liberality of sentiment.— Cathol'icon, n. A remedy for all diseases; panacea. Catsup. See Catchup. Cattle, kat'tl, re. pi. Domestic quadrupeds collective- ly, esp. those of the bovine genus. Caucasian, kaw-ka'shan, n. One belonging to the Indo-European race, originating near Mt. Caucasus. Caucus, kaw'kus, n. A preparatory meeting for po- litic il purposes. Caudal, kawTdal, a. Pert, to, or like, a tail. Caudle, kaw'dl, n. A warm drink for sick persons, a mixture of wine with eggs, bread, sugar, and spices. — v. t. To make into caudle. Cauf, kawf, n. A chest with holes for keeping fish alive in water; a vessel for raising coal from mines. Caufle, kaw'fl, n. A gang of captured negroes; come. Caught. See Catch. Caul, kawl, n. A net or covering for the head. (Anat.) A membrane covering part of the lower intestines ; the omentum. A part of the membrane enveloping the fetus. Caulescent, kaw-les'ent, a. (Bot.) Having a true or perfect stem. — Cau'licule, -lT-kul, n. {Bot.) A short stem. {Arch.) One of the curled tops in a Corinthian capital. See Capital. Cauliflower, kaw'li-flow'er.re. A variety of cabbage, having edible flower-buds. Caulk, etc. See Calk. Cause, kawz, n. That which produces a result, or is the occasion of an action. {Law.) A suit or action in court; a legal process; case. The side of a ques- tion or controversy which one espouses and advo- cates. — v. t. [caused (kawzd), causing.] To effect by agency, power, or influence; to produce, be the occasion of.— Caus'er, re.— Cause'less, a. Uncaused or uncreated, original in itself; without just cause, reason, or motive. — Caus'al, a. Relating to, imply- ing, or containing, etc. — CausaKity, -zaKi-tl, n. The agency of a cause. {Bhreii.) The faculty of tracing effects to their causes. See Phrenology. — Causation, -za'shun, re. Act of causing; agency by which an effect is produced. — Causa'tionism, -izm, n. The doctrine that all things are produced through the agency of a causal force. — Causa'tionist, n. A believer that, etc. — Caus'ative, -tiv, a. Expressing a reason; causal; affecting, as acause oragent; caus- ing. Causeuse, ko-zez', re. A lounge or sofa for two per- sons, sitting face to face. Causeway, kawz'wa, Causey, kaw'zi, n. A paved or raised way over wet ground. Caustic, kaws'tik, -tical, a. Destructive to the tex- ture of anything; burning; corrosive: severe; satir- ical; sharp. — Caus'tic, n. Any substance, which, applied to animal substances, burns, or destroys the texture. {Opt.) A caustic curve, — a curve to which the rays of light, reflected or refracted by another curve, are tangents. — Caus'tically, adv. — Caustici- ty, -tis'i-tl, re. Quality or property of, etc.; corro- siveness; severity of language; sarcasm. — Cau'ter, re. A hot, searing iron. — Cau'teriza'tion, n. {Surg.) Act of burning a morbid part by application of fire. — Cau'terize, -Iz, v. t. [-terized (-Tzd), -izing.] To burn or sear with fire or hot iron. — Cau'tery, -ter-Y, re. A burning, as of morbid flesh, bj r a hot iron, or by caustic medicines. Caution, kaw'shun, n. Prudence in regard to dan- ger; provident care ; wariness; heed; prudence; ex- hortation to wariness; warning; admonition.—?;, t. [cautioned (-shund), -tioning.] To give notice of danger to, warn. — Cau'tionary, -a-ri, a. Contain- ing caution, or warning; given as a pledge. — Cau- tioner, n. — Cau'tious, -shus, a. Possessing or using, etc.; prudent; watchful; circumspect.— Cau'tiously, adv. — Cau'tiousness, re. Cavalcade, kav^al-kad, n. A procession of horsemen. — Cavalier, -ler / ',«. A horseman; knight; one of the court party in the time of King Charles I.— a. Gay; sprightly; brave; warlike; haughty. — Cavalier'ly, adv. Superciliously.— Cav'alry, -rl, n. {Ml.) Mount- ed troops. Cave, kav, re. A hollow place in the earth; den. —v. t. [caved (kavd), caving.] To make hollow. — v. i. To dwell in a cave. — Cavity, kav'T-ti, n. A hol- low place; inclosed space; hollowness. — CaVern, -ern, n. A deep hollow place in the earth; cave.— Cav'ernous, -us, a. Full of caverns; hollow. Caveat, ka've-at, re. {Law.) A notice to some officer not to do a certain act until the interested party is heard in opposition. {U. S. Bate,. I Laws.) A de- scription of some invention, lodged in the office be- fore the patent right is taken out, as a bar ho other applications respecting the same invention. Intima- tion of caution; warning. Cavendish, kav'en-dish, re. Tobacco softened and pressed. Caviare, ka-ver', Caviar, kav'e-ar, n. The roes of certain fish, prepared and salted, — used as a relish, esp. in Russia. Cavil, kav'il, v. i. [caviled (-iid), caviling.] To raise captious objections. — re. A false or frivolous objection. Cavity. See under Cave. Cavort, ka-vorf, v. i. To bound, frisk, prance. Caw, kaw, v. i. [cawed (kawd), cawlng.J To cry like a crow, or raven. — n. The noise of, etc. Cawker. Same as Calkek. Cayenne Pepper, ka-en' pep'per. A very pungent pepper, the product of several species of Capsicum. Cayman, ka'man, n. ; pi. Cay'jians, -maiiz. A genus of American reptiles of the crocodile family; alli- gator. Cease, ses, v. i. [ceased (sest), ceasing.] To come to an end, desist, forbear, stop; to be wanting.— v. t. To put a stop to, bring to an end.— Cease'less, a. Without cessation; incessant.— Ceaselessly, adv. — Cessa/tion, u. Act of discontinuing; stop; rest; intermission. Cedar, sender, n. An evergreen tree of different spe- c 1 e s . — Ce'dar, -drine, -drin, a, Pert, to, or made of, etc. Cede, sed, v. t. To yield or surrender, give up. — Cession, sesh'un, n. A yielding or surrender, as of property or rights, to another ; act of ceding. Cedilla, se-dil'la, re. A mark under the letter c [g], to show that it is sounded like s; as in facade. Ceil, sel, v. t. [ceiled ( s e 1 d ), ceiling.] To Certir overlay or cover the ^eaar. inner roof of. - Ceiling, n. {Arch.) The upper, in terior surface of a room. {Naut.) Inside planks of a ship. Celadon, seKa-don, n. A pale sea-green color. [F.] Celandine, seKan-din, re. A genus of plants of the poppy family; swallow-wort. Celebrate, sel'e-brat, v. t. To mention with praise, extol; to honor by solemn rites, or by ceremonies of joy and respect; to solemnize, commemorate. — Cel- ebrated, a. Having celebritv ; distinguished ; fa- mous. — CeKebrant, n. One who performs a public religious rite. — Celebra'tion, re. Honor bestowed; commemoration; praise; observance with appropri- ate ceremonies; solemnization. — CeKebrator, -ter, n.— Celeb'rity, -rT-tT, n. Condition of being cele- brated; a person of distinction. Celerity, se-lSr'i-tr, re. Rapidity of motion; swift- ness; speed. Celery, sel'er-T, n. A plant of the parsley family. Celestial, se-lesfyal, a. Pert, to the spiritual heaven ; heavenly; pert.' to the visible heavens. — n. An in- habitant of heaven. — Celes'tially, adv. — Cel'es- tine, seKes-tin, n. {Min.) Native sulphate of stron- tian, which has a sky-blue color. {Eccl. Hist.) One of a religious order founded by Pope Celestine V. Celiac, se'lT-ak, a. Pert, to the belly. Celibacy, se-lib'a-si or sel'T-ba-sI, re. The state of an unmarried man; bachelorship.— Celibate, seKT-bat, re. Condition or life of an unmarried man; unmar- ried man; bachelor. Cell, sel, re. A small and close apartment, as in a prison or monastery; any small, closed cavity. {Organic am, fame, far, pass or opera, f are ; end, eve, tSrm ; in, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r ; CELT 59 CERTAIN Structures.) A minute sac, filled with fluid, fat, etc., forming, by development and reproduction, the cel- lular tissue of animals and plants. — Cellar, n. A space under a house. — Cellular, a. Consisting of, or containing cells. — Cel'lulated, a. Formed with cells. — Cellule, -ul, n. A small cell. — Cellulif - erous, -lifer-us, a. Producing little cells. — CeP*- lulose, -los, a. Containing cells. — n. (Bot.) One of the substances constituting the cellular tissue of plants. — Celluloid, n. A compound of gun-cotton, camphor, etc., imitating coral, ivory, tortoise-shell, amber, etc., and used in manufacturing jewelry, etc. Celt, selt, n. One of a race anciently inhabiting Cen- tral and Western Europe, from whom come the Irish, Welsh, and Gael; a stone or metal implement found in barrows of the early Celts. — Celtic, a. Pert, to the Celts, or to their language.—?!. The language of, etc., the remains of which are found in the Gaelic, Erse or Irish, Manks, and Welsh and its cognate dialects, Cornish and Armorican or Breton. — Celticism, -T-sizm, n. A Celtic custom. Cement, se-menf or sem'ent, n. Any substance used for making bodies cohere, as mortar, glue, etc. ; bond of union. — Cement'', v. t. To unite with, etc.; to unite firmly. — v. i. To unite and cohere. — Cemen- tation, n. Act of cementing. (Chem.) Process of surrounding a solid body with powder of other sub- stances, and heating until the properties of the body are changed by chemical combination with the pow- der, —as iron becomes steel by cementation with charcoal. Cemetery, senf e-ter-T, n. A grave-yard; necropolis. Cenobite, Coenobite, seif o-blt, n. A monk in a con- vent or community, in opp. to a hermit or anchorite. Cenotaph, sen'o-taf, n. A monument to one buried elsewhere. Cense, sens, v. t. [censed (senst), censing.] To per- fume with odors from burning substances. — Cen''- ser, 11. A vase or pan for burning incense. Censor, sen'ser, n. A Roman officer who registered the effects of citizens, imposed taxes, and inspected manners; an examiner of books, etc., before pub- lication, to suppress anything forbidden; one who censures; a harsh critic— Censo^rial, -rT-al, -rian, a. Pert, to, etc., or to the correction of public morals. — Censo'rious, -rT-us, a. Addicted to, implying, or expressing, censure; fault-finding; carping; severe. — Censo'riously, adv. — Censoliousness, n. — Cen r - sorship, n. Office of a censor. — Censure, seifsher, n. Act of blaming ; reoroof ; disapproval ; repri- mand; abuse. — v.t. [cexsuked (-shgrd), -suring.] To find fault with and condemn as wrong; to blame, reprehend. — Cen'sus, n. An official enumeration and registration of the people, estates, and other statistics of a c"ountry. Cent, sent, n. A hundred, as, 10 per cent. ; an Amer- ican coin worth the 100th part of a dollar. [L. cen- tum.] — Cenfage, -ej, n. Rate by the cent, or hun- dred ; percentage. — Cen'tal, n. A weight of 100 pounds ; hundred-weight. — a. Pert, to, or consist- ing of, etc. — Cen'tenary, -rT, n. Aggregate of 100 single things ; esp. a century ; 100 years ; a celebra- tion occurring once in, etc. — a. Pert, to, or con- sisting of, 100 ; occurring once in every 100 years. — Centena'rian, -rT-an, n. One 100 years old — a. Pert, to 100 years. — Centen'nial, -nT-al, a. Pert, to the 100th anniversary ; happening once in 100 years. — n. A celebration of, etc. — Centesimal, a. Hun- dredth; by the 100.— n. A 100th part.— Centes / ima' r - tion, n. (Mil.) A punishment inflicted on one person in 100. — Cen'tury, -tu-rT, n. A hundred ; a period of 100 years. — Century plant. The American aloe, supposed to bloom but once in 100 years. — Centu'- rion, -rt-on, n. A Roman captain of 100 foot-soldiers. — Centu'rial, -rT-al, a. Pert, to a century, or to 100 men. — Cen'tuple, -tu-pl, a. Hundred-fold. — v. i. [-TUPLF.D (-tu-pld), -tupling.] To make, etc. — Centifolious, -lT-us, a. Having 100 leaves. — Cen / '- tigrade, -tT-grad, a. Of 100 degrees graduated in- to 100 equal parts. — Centigrade thermometer. A thermometer in which 0° indicates the freezing point, and 100° the boiling point of water. — Cen- tare, -tar', n. A measure"of area, containing 1 sq. meter, about 1,550 sq. inches. [F.] — Cen'tigram, -tT-gram, n. A measure of weight,— the 100th part of a gram =.15432 gr. avoir. [F.J — Centiliter, -til'Y- ter or sen'tl-li-ter, -litre, -ti-le'tr, n. A measure of capacity, — 100th of a liter, more than 0.0 cu. inch. [F.J — Con'time, -tern, n. A coin, — the 100th of a franc. [F.J — Centimeter, -tiiu'e-ter or sen'tl-me- ter, -metre, son-te-ma'tr, n. A measure of length, — the 100th of a meter, more than .39 inch. — Cen'"- tiped, -tl-ped, -pede, -tT-ped, n. A species of many- jointed, wingless land articulates, having many feet. — Centum^vxr, -ver, n. ; pi. -vnu, -vl-ri. A Roman judge of common causes among the people. — Cen- tunfviral, -vT-ral, «. Pert, to, etc.— Centum'' virate, -vt-rat, n. Office of, etc. Centaur, sen'tawr, n. (Myth.) A fabulous monster, half man and half horse. — Cen'taury, -rT, n. A plant of several species, most of them weeds. Center, -tre, sen'ter, n. The exact middle point of anything; the middle portion; midst; point of con- centration; nucleus. (Arch.) A temporary framing on which vaulted work is built. — v. i. [centered or -tred (-terd), -tering or -teing.J To be placed in, etc. ; to be central ; to be collected to a point, be concentrated.— v. t. To place on, etc. ; to collect to a point. — Cen'tering, n. (Arch.) Temporary fra- ming on which vaulted work is built. — Cen'tral, a. Pert, to, placed in, or containing, the center; pert, to the parts near, etc. — Central'ity, -T-tT, n. State of being central. — Cen'tralize, -Iz, v. t. [-ized (-Tzd). -izing.J To draw to a central point ; bring to a center. — Cen'traliza'tion, n. Act of, or state of be- ing, etc. — Cen'trally, adv. — Cen'tric, -trical, a. Placed in, etc. — Cen'trically, adv. — Centricity, -tris'T-tT, n. State of being centric. — Centrifugal, -u-gal, a. Tending to recede from the center. — Centrip'etal, a. Tending toward, etc. — Cen'ter- bit, n. An instrument turning on a projecting cen- tral point, for boring holes. See Bit. board, n. (Naut.) In small craft, a board keel, which may b2 drawn up or let down ; a sliding keel. Centinel, Centry. See Sentinel. Cento, sen'to, n. ; pi. Cen'tos, -toz. A composition formed by verses, etc., from different authors dis- posed in a new order. (Mus.) A medley on a large scale. [L.J Cephalic, se-fal Ik, a. Pert, to the head.— n. A med- icine for headache, etc. — Cephalopod, sef a-lo-pod or se-faK-, n. (Zo'61.) A mollusk having a distinct head, surrounded by a circle of arms or tentacles. Ceramic, sc-ranfik, a. Pert, to pottery. Cere, ser, n. Naked wax-like skin at the base of birds' bills, — v. t. [cered (serd), cering.J To wax, or cover with wax. — Ce'rate, -rat, n. (Med.) Thick ointment, made of wax, oil, etc. — Cere'cloth, n. A cloth smeared with melted wax. — Cere'ment, n. A cloth dipped in melted wax, used in embalming bodies. Cereal, se're-al, a. Pert, to edible grain, as wheat, rye, etc. — n. Any edible grain. Cerebrum, ser'e-brum, n. (Anat.) The superior and larger division of the brain. — Cerebellum, -beflum, n. ; pi. -bel^la, -la. The hinder and lower division of the brain. Ceremony, ser'e-mo-nY, n. Outward rite ; external form in religion; forms of civility. — Ceremo /, nial, a. Pert, to, etc. — n. An established system of rules • and ceremonies. — Ceremc'nious, -nf-us, a. Con- sisting of, or according to, outward forms and rites; ceremonial; particular m observing forms; precise; formal.— Ceremo / 'niously, adv. Cerise, se-rez'. a. Cherry-colored. Certain, ser'tin, a. Assured in mind ; having no doubts; not to be doubted; fixed or stated; deter- minate ; indeterminate, or not specifically named; one or some. — Cer'tainly, adv. Without doubt or question; in truth and fact; without failure. — Cer'- tainness, n. — Cer'tainty. -tT, Ceftitude, -tT-tud, n. Quality or condition of being certain ; exemption from doubt or failure; a fact unquestionably estab- lished. — Cer'tes, -tez, adv. Assuredly ; in truth. — Cer'tify, -fi, v. t. [-tified (-fid), -eying.] To testify to in writing; to make known or establish as a fact; to give certain information of or to. — Certif- icate, -T-kat, n. A written testimony to the truth of any fact; written declaration legally authenti- stin, cube, full ; moon, fo"ot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. CERTIORARI 60 OHANCEL cated. — w. t. To verif3' by, or furnish with, etc.— | Chalcedony, kal-sed'o-ni or kal'se-do-nl, n. (Mm.) Certifica'tion, n. Act "of, etc. — Certifier, -ii-er, n. An uncrystallized, translucent variety of quartz. Certiorari, ser'slii-o-ra'ri, n. {Lav:.) A writ from a usually whitish, and with a wax-like luster. superior court, to call up records of an inferior | Chaldaic, kal-da'ik, Chaldee, kal'de or kal-de', a. court, or remove a cause, to hasten justice, or correct i Pert, to Chaldea. — n. Language of the Chaldeans. errors. j Chaldron, chawl'drun or chal'drun, n. A dry meas- Cervical, ser'vik-al, a. (Anat.) Pert, to the neck. ure for coah usually of 3G bushels, but varying. Cervine, ser'vln, a. Pert, to the deer. : Chalet, shal'a, «. A Swiss wooden cottage ; a summer- Cesarean, Cesarism, Cesura, etc. See Caesar, C.-esuea. ! house on a mountain. Cessation. See under Cease. ; Chalice, chal'is, «. A cup; bowl; communion cup. Cession. See under Cede. Chalk, chawk, n. (Jlin.) A soit, white, earthy sub- Cess-pool, ses'pool, n. A cavity in the earth to re- ; stance, consisting of carbonate of lime. Cestus. ceive sediment of water from drains Cestus, ses'tus, n. A girdle, esp. of Venus: a loaded leather covering for boxers 7 hands. [L.] Cetacea, se-ta'se-a, n. pi. (Zo'ol.) An order of mammiferous marine animals, inclu- ding whales. — Ceta'cean, -shan, n. An ani- mal of the whale kind. Chafe, chaf, v. t. [chafed (chaft), chafing.] To excite heat or irritation in by friction; to irritate; to fret and wear by rubbing; to provoke, inflame. — v. i. To be excited or heated ; to fret; to be worn by rubbing. — n. Heat or irritation from friction ; agita- tion of the mind. Chafer, cha'fer, n. An insect; cock-chafer; May-bug. Chaff, chaf, n. The glumes, husk, or light, dry cover- j ing of grains and grasses. (Bot.) Scales or bracts on the receptacle in composite plants. Worthless matter ; refuse. — Chaf finch, n. A singing bird of ] the finch family, feeding on chaff. — Chaff'y. -1, a. Containing, like, or light and worthless as, chaff. Chaff, chaf, n. Light, idle talk; ridicule. — v. i. ! [chaffed (chaft), chaffing.] To use, etc., by way j of fun or ridicule. — v. t. To make fun of. banter. I Chaffer, chaffer, i: ?'. [chaffered (-ferd), -ferixg.] To treat about a purchase, bargain, haggle; to talk S much or idly. — v. t. To buy, purchase, exchange. ! Chagreen. See Shagreex. Chagrin, sha-grin', n. Ill-humor ; vexation ; peevish- I ness; mortification. — v. t. [chagrined (-grind''), j -grining.] To excite ill-humor in, vex, mortify. Chain, chan. n. A series of connected links or rings; that which confines, fetters, or secures; a bond; a se- ries of things connected and following each other in succession. (Surr.) An instrument for measur- ing land, consisting of 100 links, being 4 rods, or 66 feet, in length. (Kaut.) An iron plate bolted at the lower endthrough the side to the ship's timbers. — v. t. [chained (chand), chaining.] To fasten or connect with. etc.. enslave, unite closely. — Chain'- bridge, n. A bridge suspended on chains: suspen- sion bridge. — gang, n . A gang of convicts chained together." — mail, n. Flexible armor made of inter- laced rings. — pump, n. A pump consisting of an end- less chain, carrying disks, passing upward" through a wooden tube, and mo viri- on wheels, — -shot. n. (JUL) Two cannon balls, con- nected by a chain, to cut down masts, etc. — stitch, ml A kind of stitch in sew- ing, made by interlocking threads. — -wales, n. pi. (Naut.) Planks bolted to a ship's sides to spread the lower rigging. See Chan- XELS. Chair, char, n. A movable seat with a back, for one person; an official seat, as of a judge ; hence, the of- fice itself; the presiding of- ficer of an assembly; a vehi- cle for one person; an iron block to support and secure railroad tracks. — v.t. [chaired (chard), chairixg.] To carry publicly in a chair in triumph. — Chair'man, n. ; pi. -men. The presiding officer of an assembly, committee, etc. ; one who carries a chair or sedan . — Chair'man- skip, n. Office of, etc. — Chaise, shaz, n. A two- wheeled, one-horse carriage, with calash top. nnp Chain-pump. [chalked (chawkt), chalking.] To rub or mark with chalk. Challenge, chal'lenj, n . An invitation to contest; a sentry's demand of the countersign from those ap- proaching his post; summons to single combat; de- mand made of a right; an exception to a juror or voter. — r. t. [-lexged (-lenjd), -lengixg.] To call to a contest, call to answer, defy; to claim as due, demand as a right, make exception or objec- tion to, object to as not qualified to vote. Chalybeate, ka-lib'e-at, a. Impregnated with some salt of iron. — n. Water, liquor, medicine, etc., containing iron. Cham, kam, Khan, kan, n. The sovereign prince of Tartary. Chamber, cham'ber, n. A retired room, esp. an upper room, for lodging, privacy, or study; a compartment or hollow, closed space:' a place where an assembly meets; the assembly itself ; the cavity in a fire-arm where the charge is put. (Law.) A private place where a judge sits to hear cases, and do judicial business out of court. — r. ?'. [-bered (-berd), -Ber- ing.] To reside in or occupy as a chamber ; to be Wanton. — v. t. To shut up, as in a chamber— Cham'- ber-conn'sel, -counselor, -er, n. A counselor who gives his opinion privately, but does not advocate causes in court. — maid, n. A woman who cares for chambers, or waits upon a lady.— Cham'berlain, -lin, n. An attendant in charge of the chambers, as in a hotel; an officer of the private chambers of a nobleman or monarch; one of the high officers of a court ; a treasurer or receiver of public money. Chameleon, ka-mel'yun, n. A lizard-like reptile, whose color i changes with that of objects, about it, or when its temper is ; disturbed. 1 Chamfer, chamber, v. t. [-fered (-ferd). -feeing.] (Carp.) To cut a groove or channel in ; to flute. To cut or grind in a slop- ing manner: to bevel. — Cham'- fer, Cham 'fret, n. (Carp.) A small gutter in wood, etc.: groove, slope, or bevel. Chamois, sham'wa or sham'Y, i lope living on European mountain ridges; a soft leather, first prepared from its skin. Chamomile. See Camomile. Champ, champ, v.t. [champed (champt), champing.] To bite with repeated action of the teeth, bite into small pieces, crush. — v. i. To bite frequently. Champagne, sham-pan', n. A brisk, sparkling wine. Champaign, sham-pan', a. A flat, open country. — a. Flat : level. Champion, cham'pT-un, n. One who engages in a contest; esp. who contends in behalf of another in single combat; one readv to fight all who offer. — v. t. [-pioxed (-und), -rioning.] To furnish with, or attend as, etc. Chance, chans, n. Absence of any defined cause ; for- tuity ; casualty ; an event without assigned cause; possibility of an occurrence; luck; hazard: oppor- tunity.— v.i. [chanced (chanst), chancing.] To happen, come, or arrive, without expectation. — a. Happening by chance ; casual ; fortuitous. Chancel, chan'sel, n. That part of a church con- taining the altar or communion table, — formerly Chameleon. A species of ante- Chamois. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r ; CHANCRE 61 CHARITY inclosed with lattices. — Chancery, chan'sSr-i, n. , A high court of equity; equity; proceedings in equity. — Chancellor, -sel-ler, re. A high judicial officer ; the chief judge of a court of chancery. Chancre, shan'ker, n. An ulcer, esp. a venereal sore. — Chan^crous, -krus, a. Ulcerous. Chandelier, Chandler, etc. See under Candle. Change, chanj, v. t. [changed (chanjd), changing.] To alter or make different; to cause to pass from one state to another; to substitute another thing for ; to vary, innovate, exchange ; to give other money, of the same aggregate value, for; to become acid or tainted. — v. i. To be altered, undergo vari- ation, pass from one phase to another, —re. Any al- teration; a passing from one state to another; sub- stitution of one thing for another ; alteration in the order of a series; permutation; that which makes a variety; small pieces of money, which may be given for larger pieces; the balance of money paid beyond the price of goods purchased; building for mercantile transactions. — Chancer, n. — Change'- able, -a-bl, a. Capable of change ; appearing differ- ent under difference of circumstances ; variable ; fickle ; unstable. — Change'ableness, -abil'ity, -ft, n. — Change'ably, adv. — Change'ful, a. Fuil of change; mutable. — Change'fully, adv. — Changer- fulness, u. — Changeless, a. Not admitting altera- tion ; constant. — Changeling, n. A child left or taken in the place of another ; one apt to change. — a. Taken or left in place of another. Channel, chan'nel, n. The bed of a stream; esp. the deeper part of a river or bay, where the main cur- rent flows. ( Geog.) A strait or narrow sea between two portions of land. That through which any thing passes. (Arch.) A gutter or furrow, as in a column, pi. (Naut.) Planks bolted to the outside of a vessel, for spreading the lower rigging. — v. t. [-neled (-neld), -neling.] To form a channel in; groove. Chant, chant, v. t. and i. To utter with a melodious voice, sing; to celebrate in song. (Mus.) To sing after the manner of a chant.— n. Song ; melody. (Mus.) Words recited to musical tones without mu- sical measure.— Chanfer, «.— Chant'icleer, -1-kler, n. A cock. Chaos, ka'os, n. An empty, infinite space ; unor- ganized condition of matter before the creation of the universe; a disordered mass or state of things; confusion. — Chaotic, a. Resembling chaos ; con- fused. Chap, chap or chop, v. t. [chapped (chapt), chap- ping.] To cleave or open longitudinally ; to split, crack. — v. i. To crack or open in long slits. — a. A cleft, gap, or chink in the flesh. — Chap, chop, n. The jaw, —generally in pi.— Chap-fallen, chop'- fawln, a. "With the lower jaw drooping; dejected; dispirited. Chap, chap, n. A man or boy; a youth.— Chap'-book, n. A small book, esp. one sold by hawkers. — Chap'- man, n. ; pi. -men. One who buys or sells ; a mer- chant; itinerant dealer. Chaparral, chap-ar-raK, n. A thicket of low ever- green oaks; thick bramble-bushes in clumps. Chape, chap, n. A catch, as of a buckle; a metal tip of a scabbard. Chapeau, shap'o, n. ; pi. Chap'eaus, -6z. A hat. [F.] — Chapeau Bras, -brii. A military hat which can be flattened and put under the arm. Chapel, chap'el, n. A place of worship connected with a church or with some establishment; in Eng. a dissenters' place of worship.— Chaplain, -lin, n. An ecclesiastic who officiates in a chapel, or one attached to a ship, regiment, public institution, familv, etc.— Chap'laincy, -sT, -ship, n. Office or station o'f , etc. — Chap^ellany, -la-nt, n. A chapel and jurisdiction j within the precincts of a church. — Chap'elry, -rT, j n. Bounds or jurisdiction of a chapel. Chaperon, shap^er-ox, n. A hood or cap; a device on horses' foreheads in pompous funerals; one who attends a lady in public as a protector. — v. t. [chaperoned (-ond), -oning.] To attend in public places as protector. Chapiter, chap'T-ter, n. (Law.) A summary of mat- ters to be inquired of before justices ; articles. — Chap'iter, Chap'trel, n. (Arch.) The capital of a pier or pilaster which receives an arch; an impost. Chaplain, etc. See under Chapel. Chaplet, chap'let, n. A garland or wreath for the head; a string of beads used in counting prayers. (Arch.) A little molding, carved into beads, olives, etc.; a chapellet ; a tuft of feathers on a peacock's hend; a small chapel or shrine. Chapman. See under Chap, n. Chapter, chapiter, n. A division of a book. (Eccl.) A corporation composed of the clergy of a cathedral or collegiate church, and presided over by the dean. rjhaDtrel An organized branch of a society or fra- y ternity: meeting of organized societies; place where delinquents receive discipline; a decretal epistle. Char, Chare, char [Eng.], Chore, chor [Amer.], n. "Work done by the day; a single job or task.— Char r - woman, n. A servant that works by the day. Char, char, v. t. [charred (chard), charring.] To reduce to charcoal by expelling volatile matter; to burn slightly; to hew, as stone.— Char'coal, re. Coal made by charring wood. — Char^y, -if, a. Pert, to, or like, charcoal. Character, kar'ak-ter, re. A distinctive mark; a letter, figure, or sign; manner of writing or printing ; sum of qualities distinguishing one person or thing from another; good qualities, or the reputation of possess- ing them; qualities belonging to an office or institu- tion ; estimate put upon a person or thing ; reputa- tion; force of will; energy; the possessor of a certain character ; a person ; account ; description. — v. t. To engrave, inscribe, distinguish by marks, character- ize. — Char'acteris'tic, -tical, a. Constituting the character ; peculiar. — Char 'actoris' tic, re. That which constitutes, etc., or distinguishes a person or thing from another. (Math.) Ihe index or expo- nent of a logarithm. — Char'acteris'tically, adv. — Characterize, -Iz, v. t. [-terized (-ter-izd), -izing.] To mark with a peculiar figure; to describe the qual- ities of; to mark or express the character of, desig- nate, entitle. — Char'acteriza'tion, re. Act of, etc. — Characterless, a. Having no peculiar character. Charade, sha-rad', re. A composition describing enig- matically objects, expressed by each syllable of a word, separately, and then by the word as a whole. Charcoal. See under Char. Chard, chard, n. A variety of white beet ; blanched leaves of the artichoke and other vegetables. Charge, charj, re. The person or thing committed to the care or management of another ; exercise of cus- tody or care ; office ; commission ; an earnest com- mand, exhortation, instruction, etc. ; whatever con- stitutes a burden on property ; costs ; expense, — usually in pi. ; account of that due from one party to another; imputation; accusation; that quantity, as of ammunition, electricity, etc., which any appara- tus, as a gun, battery, machine, etc., is fitted to hold; onset; attack; signal for attack. (Her.) A bearing on a field. An uncertain weight of lead, supposed to be 36 pigs, or 2,520 pounds. — v. t. [charged (charjd), charging.] To impose, as a load or burden, or as a task, duty, or trust ; to command, request, etc., earnestly; to give instructions to; to impose as a tax; to place to the account of, as a debt ; to accuse of; to place within or upon an apparatus or machine the quantity it is fitted to contain ; to load ; to bear down upon, rush upon, fall on. — v. i. To make an onset. — Charter, n. One who, etc. ; a large dish, — which bears a load ; a horse. — used in charging ; war-horse. — Charge" d' Affaires, shar-zha' daf-far'. A diplomatic representative, to whom are confided affairs of his nation, in the absence of an ambassador. [F.] — Charge'ship, n. Office of, etc. Chariot, char'i-ot, n. A war car or vehicle ; a one- seated, four- wheeled carriage. — ?', t. To convey in a chariot. — Charioteer', n. A driver. Charity, char'T-tT/w. Disposition to think favorably of others, and to do them good ; liberality to the poor; alms ; any act of benevolence ; a charitable in- stitution, or a gift to create and support such an in- stitution. — Char'itable, a. Full of love and good will; liberal to the poor ; pert, to, or springing from, charity ; benevolent ; indulgent ; beneficent. sun, cube, full ; moon, frJot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. CHARLATAN 62 CHECQUE Charlatan, sharla-tah, n. A quack; empiric; mounte- bank.— Charlatanism, -izm, -tanry, -rl, n. Preten- sion to skill ; quackery. Charles's Wain, charlz'ez-wan"'. (Astron.) The clus- ter of 7 stars in the constellation Ursa Major, or Great Bear ; the Dipper. _ Charlotte-Kusse, shar'Iot-roos, n. A dish of custard or whipped syllabub, inclosed in cake. ■Charm, charm, n. Something possessing occult power or influence; that which attracts irresistibly: fasci- nation.— v. t. [charmed (charind), charming.] To subdue, control, or summon by occult influence ; to attract irresistibly, delight exceedingly, fasci- nate, enchant, captivate ; to fortify with charms or supernatural influences. — v. i. To act as a charm, please greatly. Charnel, char'nel, a. Containing remains of dead men or animals. Chart, chart, n. Asheet of paper, pasteboard, etc., con- taining information arranged methodically, or tab- ulated; a map representing water and the adjacent land. — v. t. To lay down in a chart ; to map, — Char'ter, n. (O. Eng. Law.) A deed, or conveyance. An instrument in writing, bestowing rights and privileges ; act of incorporation ; a special "privilege or immunity. (Nuut.) The letting or hiring a ves- sel by special contract. — v. t. [chartered (-terd), -tering.] To establish by charter; to hire or let by charter, as a ship. Chary, char'!, a. Not inclined to be free or liberal; close ; cautious. Chase, chas, v. t. [chased (chast), chasing.] To pursue, hunt; to urge onward, drive, persecute. — n. Hunting; pursuitfthing hunted; hunting ground. — Chaster, n. One who, etc. (Xaut.) A gun at the bow or stern, for use in a chase. Chase, chas, v. t. To engrave. — n. The forward part of a gun from the trunnions to the swell of the mouth, — this part being formerly engraved or em- bossed. _See Cannon. Chase, chas, n. (Print.) An iron frame to confine type, when arranged in columns or pages. Chasm, kazm, n. A deep opening made by disrupture; a cleft; void space; gap; break. Chassepot, shas'po, ». A breech-loading rifle, or needle-gun, — the French infantry arm. Chasseur, shas-ser', n. (Mil.) One of a body of light cavalry. An attendant upon persons of rank, wear- ing military plumes, etc. Chaste, chast, a. Pure from unlawful sexual inter- course ; virtuous ; pure from obscenity, or from bar- barous, affected, or extravagant expressions. — Chaste'ness, Chas'tity, -tT-ti, n. — Chasten, chas'n, v. t. [-exed (-nd), -exixg.] To correct by punish- ment; to inflict pain upon in order to reclaim, chas- tize ; to purify from errors or faults. — Chasfener, n. — Chastize, c'has-tlz'', r. t. [-tized (-tizdO,-TiziNG.] To chasten. Chat, chat, v. i. To talk lightly and familiarly, —n. Light, idle talk; prate. (Oniith.) An American bird, of the warbler family.— Chat'ter, v. i. [-tered (-terd), -tering.] To utter inarticulate sounds re- sembling language; to talk idly, carelessly, or rapid- ly ; to jabber, prate ; to make a noise by collision. — n. Sounds like a magpie's; idle talk. — Chat'ter- box, n. An incessant talker. — Chat'ty, -tT, a. Conversing freely; talkative. — Chat'tiness, n. Chateau, sha-to' - , v. ; pi. -teaux, -toz'. A castle ; a country-seat. — Chatelet, shafe-la, n. A little castle. — Chat'ellany, -la-ni, n. Lordship or jurisdiction of a castellan, or governor of a castle. — Chat'elaine, -e-lan, n. A chain at a lady's waist-belt, for watch, trinkets, keys, etc. Chattel, chattl, n. (Law.) Awy property except freehold, or things which are parcel of it. Chatter, Chatty, Chatterbox, etc. See Chat. Chauvinism, sho'vin-izm, n. Fanatical patriotism ; blind adherence to an obsolete party, leader, or idea. Chaw, chaw, v. t. [chawed (chawd), chawing.] To masticate, as food; to ruminate, as the cud; to re- volve and consider. — n. Orig., the jaw; as much as the mouth holds ; a chew. [Once in good use, but now vulgar. See Chew.] Cheap, chep, a. Bearing a low price ; of small cost ; of small value. — Cheapen, che'pn, v. t. [-ened (-nd), -exing.] To attempt to buy, chaffer for, beat down the price of. Cheat, chet, v. t. To deceive and defraud ; to trick, outwit, impose on. — n. An act of deception ; a fraud ; trick ; imposture ; one who cheats. Cheat, chet, n. Wheat ; bread ; chess, or false wheat. Check, chek, n. A sudden or continued restraint ; hindrance ; obstruction ; a mark put against items, in going over a list ; a token to identity a thing or person. (Com.) An order for money, payable on sight. Any counter-register used as security, as the correspondent cipher of a bank-note ; a kind of checkered cloth, as plaids, etc. (Chess.) Exposure of the king to the attack of an adversary's piece. A small chink or cleft. — v. t. [checked (chekt), checking.] To put restraint upon; to hinder, re- press, curb; to rebuke or reprove ; to make a mark against, as against names, etc., in a list; to compare with a counterpart for correctness. — v. i. To make a stop, pause; to interfere; to crack, as wood; to crack in checks, as paint, etc. — Check'er, v. t. [-ered (-erd), -ERiXG.j To variegate with cross-lines ; to form into squares ; to diversify with different qual- ities, scenes, etc. — n. One who, etc. ; a piece in the game of draughts or checkers.— Cheekier, Check'er- work, -werk, n. Work varied alternately as to colors or materials. — Check'ers, -erz, n.. Draughts,— a game played on a x board of G4 squares of alternate colors. — Cheeky, Checquey, chek'I, n. (Her.) A field or ar- morial bearing divided in check- ers. — Check 'mate, -mat, n. The move in chess which renders fur- ther moving impossible, and ends the game; a complete check, de- feat, or overthrow. — v. t. (Chess.) To put (the adversary's king) in- Cheeky, extricably in check. To arrest completely, termi- nate.— Check'-roll, n. A list of employees. — string, n. A string by which one in a carriage or railroad car can call the attention of the driver or engineer.— Check'er-ber'ry, n. (Bot.) The partridge - berrv ; also, the wintergreen.— -board, n. Board for playing checkers upon. Cheddar, ched'der, n. A kind of cheese made at Cheddar, in England. Cheek, chek, n. The side of the face; assurance; im- pudence. j)l. (Mech.) Pieces of a machine which form corresponding sides, or are similar and in pairs. Cheer, cher, n. The countenance and its expres- sion; state of feeling or spirits; state of gayety or mirth; provisions for a feast; entertainment; ex- pression of good spirits, by shouting, acclamation, etc._; applause ; encouragement. — v. t. [cheered (cherd), cheering.] To cause to rejoice, render cheerful ; to infuse life, courage, hope, etc., into ; to urge or salute by cheers. — v. i. To grow cheerful. — Cheerful, -iiil, a. Having good spirits; calmly joyful; promoting happiness; expressing joy; lively; animated; sprightly. — Cheerfully, adv. — Cheer''- fulness, n. — Cheer'ily, adv. With cheerfulness. — Cheer'iness, n. — Cheer'ingly, adv. — Cheer'less, a. Without joy, gladness, or comfort; gloomy; dreary. — Cheer'lessness, n.— Cheer'ly, a. Gay; not gloomy. — adv. In a cheerful manner; heartily. — Cheer'y, -T, a. In good spirits; lively; promoting, or tending to promote, cheerfulness. Cheese, chez, n. Curd of milk, separated from the whey, and pressed; a mass of ground apples pressed together. Chef-d'oeuvre, sha / doovr / ', n. ; pi. Chefs-d'ceuvre. A master-piece; capital work in art, literature, etc. [F.] Chemise, she-mez', n. A shift, or under-garment, for females ; a wall lining an earthwork. Chemistry, keni'is-tri, n. Science of the composition of substances and changes which they undergo. — Chem'ist, n. One versed in, etc. — Chem'ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, or resulting from the operations of the phe- nomena of, etc. — Chemically, adv. [These words were formerlv written with y or ;', instead of e, in the first syllable, chi/mistry or chbnistry, etc. ; and ■pronounced accordingly.] Chenille, she-neK, n. Tufted cord, of silk or worsted. Checque, Checquer. See Check, Checker. ftm, tame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 3dd, tone, 6r CHERISH 63 CHIROGRAPH Chevaux-de- Cheval-de-frise. Cherish, cher'ish, v. t. [cherished (-isht), -ishing.] To treat with tenderness; to hold dear, foster, com- fort, support^ Cheroot, she-root', n. A kind of cigar. Cherry, cher'rl, n. (Bot.) A small stone-fruit, and the tree which bears it. A cordial composed of cherry-juice and spirit. — a. Of the color of, etc. Chersonese, ker'so-nes, n. A peninsula. Chert, chert, n. (Min.) An impure, flint-like quartz or hornstone. Cherub, chSr'ub, n. ; pi. Cher'ubs; Jfeb.pl. CiiER /r - UBIM. (Script.) A mysterious composite being, de- scribed in Ezek. i. and x. ; one of two symbolical figures, forming the Mercy-seat upon the Ark of the Covenant. One of an order of angels; a beautiful child, — artists having represented cherubs as beau- tiful children. — Cherubic, -loo' bik, -bical, a. Pert, to, etc.; angelic. Cherup, cher'up, v. i. To chirp. — v. t. To excite by chirping.— n. A short, sharp noise, as of a cricket. Chess, dies, n. A game played by two persons on a board containing <>4 squares. See Check. (Bot.) A kind of grass growing among wheat. Chest, chest, n. A box, to hold articles; the part of the body inclosed by the ribs and breast-bone; tho- rax. (Com.) A case for transporting tea, opium, etc.; quantity such a case contains. Chestnut, Chesnut, chestnut, n. (Bot.) The fruit of a tree, inclosed in a prickly pericarp or bur; the tree itself: its timber. — a. Of the color of a chestnut; reddish brown. Cheval-de-frise, shvaKde-frez, frise, shvo'-de-frez ; F. pron. shvoi'frez'". (Mil.) A timber traversed with spikes, used for defense. Chevalier, shev-a-ler', n. A horseman ; knight ; gallant young man ; a member of certain orders of knighthood. Chevron, shev'run, n. (Her.) An honorable ordi- nary, representing two rafters of a house meeting at the top. (Mil.) Distinguishing marks on the sleeves of non-commissioned officers. (Arch.) A zigzag ornament. Chew, choo, v. t. [chewed (chood), chewing.] To bite and grind with the teeth, masticate; to rumi- nate mentally, meditate. — v. i. To perform the action of, etc. ; to meditate. — n. Thing chewed, or held in the mouth at once; a cud. Chibouque, -bouk, che-book', n. A Turkish tobacco pipe. Chic, shek, n. Style ; knack. — o. Stylish. Chicane, shl-kan', n. An artful subterfuge, — esp. ap- plied to legal proceedings; shift; cavil: sophistry. — v. i. To use artifices. — Chica'nery, -ner-T, n. Mean or unfair artifice, to perplex a cause; trick; quibble. Chich, chich, n. A dwarf pea; chick-pea. Chick, chik, Chicken, chik'en, n. The young of fowls, esp. of the domestic hen; a young person. — Chick'- en-pox, n. (Med.) A mild disease of children, con- tagious and eruptive. Chicory, chik'o-rT, n. A plant used for adulterating coffee : succory ; endive. Chide, chid, v. t. [imp. chid or (obx.) chode; 7). p. chid or chidden ; chidixg.] To rebuke, reproach, blame, scold. — v. i. To find fault; to make a rough, clamorous, roaring noise. Chief, chef, a. Highest in rank or office; most emi- nent, influential, or important: principal; prime.— n. Head or leader; chieftain ; commander; most im- portant person or thing. (Her.) The upper part of the escutcheon. — Chieftain, -tin, n. The head of a troop, army, or clan ; leader. Chiffonier, she-fo'nTf-a" or shif-fon-eV, n. A recepta- cle for rags or shreds; a movable closet; a rag-picker. Chignon, 6hen / ySN, n. A woman's back-hair knotted at the back of the head. Chilblain. See under Chill. Child, child, n. ; pi. Children, chiKdren. A son or daughter; immediate progeny of human parents; a young person, pi. Descendants. — Child'hood, n. State of a child ; time in which one is a child. — Childish, a. Of, or pert, to, etc.; puerile. — Child'- ishly, adv. — Childishness, n. State or qualities of, i etc.: weakness of intellect. — Childless, n. Desti- j tute of offspring. — Childlessness, n. Chiliad, kil'I-ad, n. A thousand ; esp. 1,000 years. ! Chill, chil, a. Moderately cold; tending to cause shiv- ; ering; cool; formal; distant; depressed; dispirited, i — re. A disagreeable sensation of coolness, with j shivering; a check to enthusiasm or warmth of feel- ; ing; discouragement. (Metal.) A method of cast- ; ing iron, so as quickly to cool the surface; a mold in j which to cast iron. — v. t. [chilled (child), chill- 1 ing.] To strike with a chill, make chilly, affect j with cold; to check enthusiasm, depress, discour- j age. (Metal.) To produce, by sudden cooling, a I change of crj-stallization near the surface, increas- i ing the hardness of the metal. — Chill'y, -1, a. Mod- 1 erately cold. — ChilKiness, Chilr'ness, n. — ChiK- | blain, -blan, n. A blain on hand or toot, caused by I cold. — v. t. To produce chilblains upon. Chimb, Chime, chim, Chine, n. Edge of a cask, formed i by the ends of the staves. Chime, chim, n. Harmonious sound of bells, or other ! musical instruments; a set of bells tuned to one an- I other ; correspondence of proportion, relation, or ] sound. — ?-, i. [chimed (chimd), chiming.] To I sound in harmonious accord ; to be in harmony ; correspond; to jingle, as in rhyming. — v. t. To move, strike, or cause to sound in harmony. Chimera, ki-me'ra, n. (Myth.) A monster vomiting flames, and having a lion's head, goat's body, and dragon's tail. A vain or foolish fancy. — Chimer- ical, -mer / ik-al, a. Merely imaginary; capable of no existence except in thought; fantastic; delusive. Chimney, chim , nT, n. ; pi. Chim'neys, -niz. Passage through which smoke is carried off; a glass tube above a flame, to create draught and promote com- bustion. (Mining.) A rich spot in a lode. Chimpanzee, chim-pan'ze, n. The African orang- ! outang, a species of mon- ! key resembling man. ; Chin, chin, n. The lower ex- ; tremity of the face, below ! the mouth. j China, chi'na, n. A species I j of earthen ware originally | 1 made in China ; porcelain. I — Chi^na as'ter. (Bot.) A species of the Aster fam- 1 ily, having large flowers. — C grass. (Bot.) An Asi- atic nettle, having fibers ■ j used for ropes ; textile fab- j vies, etc.; ramie. , Chincapin, chink'a-pin, n. Chimnanzpp I (Bot.) The dwarf chestnut. Chimpanzee. j Chinch, chinch, «. The bed-bug; an insect resem- j bling the bed-bug in odor, destructive to grain. Chinchilla, chin-chiKla, n. A small rodent animal, j having soit pearly-gray fur. [Sp.] I Chincough, chin'kawf, n. (Med.) Hooping-cough. Chine, chin, n. The back-bone or spine of an animal; I a piece adjoining the back-bone, cut for cooking. ! See Beef. The chimb of a cask. — v. t. To 6ever the back-bone of. Chink, chink, n. A small cleft or fissure; a gap or crack.— v. i. To crack, open. — v. t. To open, or form a fissure in; to fill up the chinks of. Chink, chink, n. A clink, or sharp sound, as of metal struck lightly ; monev ; cash. — v. t. [chinked (chinkt 1 ), chinking.] To cause to sound by collis- ion. —?-. i. To make a small, sharp sound, as by the collision of metal. Chinse, chins, v. t. (ffaut.) To thrust oakum into the seams or chinks of. Chintz, chints, n. Cotton cloth, printed in colors. Chip, chip, v. t. [chipped (chipt), chipping.] To cut into small pieces. — ?;, i. To break or fly off in small pieces, — n. A piece of wood, stone, etc., sep- arated by a cutting instrument; fragment broken off. Chipmunk, -monk, chip'munk, -muck, -muk, n. A squirrel-like animal; the striped squirrel. Chipping-bird, chip^ping-berd, n. An Amer. sparrow. Chirograph, ki'ro-graf, n. (Old Law.) A writing re- quiring a counterpart, — a charter-party. — Chirogra- pher, -rog/ra-i'8r, n. One proficient in writing. — sun, cube, full ; moon, for -•], and in Latin and some other languages, a long and contracted syllable, marked [a ].—?'. t. To mark or pronounce with a circumflex. — Circumfluent, -fluous, -floo-us, a. Flowing around; surrounding in the manner 01 a fluid. — Clrcumfuse, -fuz', v. t. To pour round, spread round. — Circumjacent, -sent, a. Lying around; bordering on every side. — Cir / cumlocu r - tion, -ku'shun, n. A circuit of words; periphrase. — Circumnavigate, -naVT-gat, v. t. To sail around; pass round by water. — Circumnav'igable, -ga-bl, a. Capable of being, etc.— Cir / cumnav / iga / 'tion, n. Act of, etc. — Cir'cumnav'iga'tor, -ter, n. One who, etc. — Circumpo'lar, a. About or near the pole. — Cir'- cumposi'tion, -zish/un, n. Act of placing in a circle, or state of being so placed. — Circumscribe, -skrlb, v. t. [-scribed (-skribd), -scribing.] To inclose within a certain limit, hem in, limit, restrict, restrain. — Circumscrip'tion, -skripChun, n. Exterior line determining the form or magnitude of a body; lim- itation by conditions, restraints, etc.; bound; limit. — CirCumspect, -spekt, a. Attentive to all the cir- cumstances of a case; cautious; watchful; vigilant. — Circumspection, -spekChun.m. Attention to, etc.; deliberation; wariness; forecast. — Circumspect/ive, -iv, a. Looking round ever y way; carol ul of con- sequences.— CirCumspect'ly, adv.— CirCumspect'- ness, n. — Circumstance, -stans, n. The condition of things surrounding an event; something attend- ing on a fact, though not essential thereto; a partic- ular incident or adjunct, pi. Condition in regard to worldly estate; state of property.— v. t. [-stanced (-stanst), -stancing.] To place relatively, or in a particular situation. — Circumstantial, -stanChal, a. Consisting in, or pert, to, circumstances, or par- ticular incidents; abounding with, or exhibiting all of, the circumstances ; minute ; particular. — n. Something incidental to the main subject, but of less importance. — C. evidence. (Law'.) Any evi- dence not direct and positive.— Cir'cumstan'tiaK- ity, -sht-aKT-tT, n. State of anything as modi- fied by circumstances ; particularity in exhibiting circumstances ; minuteness. — Cir'cumstan'tially, -shal-lT, adv. According to circumstances ; in every particular. — Cir / cumstan /, tiate, -shY-at, v. t. To place in particular circumstances ; to enter into de- tails concerning. — Circumvallate, -val'lat, v. t. To surround with a rampart. — Cir'cumvalla'tion, n. (Mil.) Act of surrounding with a wall ; a line of field works surrounding the camp of a besieging army. — Circumvent'', v. t. To gain advantage over, by arts, stratagem, or deception; to deceive, delude. —Cir- cumvention, -venChun, n. Deception; fraud; im- posture. — Circumvent'ive, -iv, a. Deceiving by ar- tifices. — Circumvest', v. t. To cover round as with a garment. — Circumvolve, -volv', t\ t. [-volved (-volvdO, -volving.] To roll round, cause to re- volve. — v.i. To revolve. Circus, ser'kus, n. ; pi. Cir'cdses, -ez. (Roman An- tiq.) An open or inclosed space, or the edifice in- closing it, for games and shows. A circular inclos- ure, for feats of horsemanship; the company of per- formers in a circus, with equipage. Cirrus, sir'rus, n. ; pi. Cir'ri, -n. (Bot.) A tendril. (Meteor.) A form of cloud composed of thin fila- ments, resembling a brush or masses of woolly hair. (Zobl.) A slender, fringe-like appendage. Cisalpine, sis-aKpin, a. On the hither (Roman) side of the Alps, —i. e. south of the Alps. — Cisatlan'tic, a. On this side of the Atlantic Ocean. Cist, sist, n. (Arch.) A chest or basket. (Antiq.) A Celtic tomb having a stone chest covered with slabs. — Cis'tern, w. A reservoir for water or other liquids. Cistercian, sis-terChan, n. One of an order of Bene- dictine monks established orig. at Citeaux, France. Cit, Citadel, Citizen. See under City. Cite, sit, v. t. To call upon officially or authoritative- ly ; to summon ; to quote, name, or repeat, as the words of another : to call or name, in proof or con- firmation of. — Cit'al, n. Summons to appear; cita- tion; quotation. — CitaCion, n. Official call or no- tice to appear; paper containing such notice; act of citing a passage from another person; words quoted; enumeration; mention. — Cifatory, -rT, a. Having the power or form of citation. — CitCr, n. Cithern, sithCrn, Cit'tern, n. A musical instrument, like the guitar. Citron, sitCun, n. A tree cultivated for its fruit_; the preserved rind of the fruit. — CitCate, -rat, n. (Chem.) A salt formed by the union of citric acid and a base. — Cit'ric, a. Of, or pert, to, an acid in the juice of lemons and allied fruits. — Cifrine, -rin, a. Like a citron or lemon ; of a lemon color. — n. (Min.) A yellow, pellucid variety of quartz. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; gnd, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r i CITY 67 CLAUSE City, sift, n. A large or corporate town ; inhabitants of a city. — Citizen, -T-zen, n. An inhabitant of a city ; a freeman of, etc., disting. fr. one not entitled to its franchises ; a native born or naturalized in- habitant of a country. — Citizenship, n. State of being, etc. — Cit, n. A nert townsman. — Cifadel, n. A fortress in a fortified city. — Civic, sivlk, a. Pert, to, or derived fr., a city or citizen. — Civil, a. Pert, to a city or state, or to a citizen in his civic re- lations; lawful or political, as opp. to military; pert. to an organized community; civilized; having the manners of one dwelling in a city; courteous; com- plaisant. —Civil death. (Law.) That which cuts off a man from civil society, or its rights and benefits. — C. engineering. Science of constructing public works. — C. law. The law of a state, city, or coun- try; esp., the municipal law of the Roman empire. — C. war. A war between citizens of the same coun- try. — C. pear. The legal year, appointed by the government. — Civilly, -li, adv. — Civilian, sT-viK- yan, n. One skilled in the civil law ; one engaged in pursuits of civil life, not military or clerical. — Civility, -1-tT, n. Courtesy of behavior; politeness ; good-breeding, pi. Acts of politeness ; courtesies. — Civilize, -Iz, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izing.] To re- claim from a savage state ; to educate, refine. — Civilized, a. Reclaimed, etc. ; cultivated. — CiV- iliz'able, a. — Civ'ilizalion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. — Civlsm, -izm, n. State of citizenship. Cives, sivz, Chives, chivz, n.; pi. A species of garlic, growing in tufts. Civet, siv'et, n. A substance of a musky odor, used as perfume. (Zool.) A carnivorous animal producing civet, ranking be- tween the weasel and fox, na- tive of North Africa. Clabber, klab'ber, n. Milk turned i or inspissated. — v. i. To turn thick. Clack, klak, v. i. [clacked (klakt), clacking Civet, i as to become thick To make a sudden, sharp noise, as by striking or crack- ing ; to clink, click; to talk rapidly and continually. — v. t. To cause to make a sudden noise; to clink; to utter rapidly and inconsiderately. — n. A sharp, ab- rupt sound made by striking; anything that causes a clacking noise; continual talk; prattle; prating. Claim, klam, v. t. [claimed (klamd), claiming.] To call for, challenge as a right, demand as due. — v.i. To be entitled to anything. — n. A demand of a right or supposed right; a right to demand; title to anything in possession of another ; thing de- manded ; that to which one has a right. (Mining.) A space of ground worked under the law. — Claim''- ant, n. One who claims.— Cla'mant, a. Crying earn- estly ; clamorously beseeching. — Clarn'or, klam r - Sr, n. Loud and continued shouting or exclama- tion; loud noise; uproar; vociferation, — v. t. [clam- ored (-erd), -ORING.] To salute or stun with noise. — v. i. To vociferate, make importunate demands. — Clarn'orous, -us, a. Noisy; turbulent. Clairvoyance, klar-voi'ans, n. A power, attributed to mesmerized persons, of discerning objects not present to the senses. — Clairvoy'ant, a. Pert, to, etc. — n. One who, etc. Clam, klam, n. (Conch.) A bivalve shell-fish. pi. (Ship Carp.) Pincers for drawing nails, pi. (Mech.) A kind of vise. Clam, klam, v. t. [clammed (klamd), clamming.] To clog, as with glutinous or viscous matter. — v. i. To be moist or sticky. — Clam'my, -mT, a. Soft and sticky. — Clam'miness, n. Clamber, klam'be'r, v. i. [-bered (-berd), -Bering.] To climb with difficulty, or with hands and feet. Clamor, etc. See under Claim. Clamp, klamp, n. A piece of timber or iron, to fasten work together; a mass of bricks heaped «» p— r up to be Durned, or of ore to be smelted, /^sj5 ^H or of coal to be converted to coke, (f* (Ship-building.) A plank on the inner \\ part of a ship's side, to sustain the \N > __ « beams. One of a pair of pieces of soft ^^? J^v material, to cover the jaws of a vise ; a heavy f oo tstep. ^— v. t. [clamped (klampt), clamping.] To unite or ren- Clamp. der firm by a clamp. — r. i. To tread heavily or clumsily; to clump. Clan, klan, n. A tribe or collection of families, united under a chieftain, and bearing the same surname ; a clique; a sect, society, or body of persons.— Clan / '- nish, a. Closely united, like a clan ; disposed to unite. Clandestine, klan-deslin, a. Withdrawn from pub- lic notice; kept secret ; underhand; sly; fraudulent. Clang, klang, v. t. [clanged (klangd), clanging.] To strike together with a ringing metallic sound. — v.i. To produce, etc.— n. A ringing sound.— Clangor, klan'gor, n. A sharp, shrill, harsh sound. — Clan'- gorous, -us, a. Making a clangor. — Clank, klank, n. The loud, ringing sound made by a collision of sonorous bodies. — v. t. and i. [clanked (klankt), clanking.] To make, etc. Clap, klap, v. t. [clapped (klapt), clapping.] To strike with a quick motion, making a noise by the collision; to thrust, drive, or put, hastily or abruptly; to manifest approbation of, by striking the hands together. — v. i. To come together suddenly with noise ; to strike the hands together in applause ; to enter briskly. — n. A loud noise made by collis- ion ; a stroke ; thrust ; sudden explosion ; striking of hands in approbation. — Clap'per, n. One who, or that which, etc. ; the tongue of a bell. — Clapboard, klab'berd, n. In Amer., a board thicker at one edge than at the other, for covering houses; in Eng., a stave.— v. t. To cover with clapboards.— Clap'trap, n. A trick to gain applause. — a. Not genuine.— Clap'perclaw, v. t. To fight and scratch; to revile, scold. Claque, klak, n. A collection of persons engaged to applaud a theatrical performance. — Claquer, Ma- ker', n. One employed, etc. Clarence, klar'ens, n. A close four-wheeled carriage. Clarendon, klar'en-dun, n. (Print.) A narrow, heavy- faced type, of all sizes. fi!^" This line is in Clarendon type. Clare-obscure, klar'ob-skur, Claro-obscuro, kliilo-ob- skoo'ro, n. Light and shade in painting; a design of two colors. Claret, klar'et, n. A French pale wine ; a dark-red wine from Bordeaux, etc. Clarify, klar'T-fi, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fying,] To make clear, purify from feculent matter, defecate, fine; to brighten or illuminate. — v. i. To become pure, as liquors; to grow clear or bright. Clarion, klar'T-un, n. A kind of trumpet, whose note is clear and shrill. — Clarionet', Clarinet, n. A wind reed instrument, used in military bands. Clash, klash, v. i. [clashed (klasht), clashing.] To dash noisily together, come in collision, inter- fere. — v. t. To strike noisily against. — n. A meet- ing with violence ; contradiction, as between con- flicting interests, purposes, etc. Clasp, klasp, n. A catch, for holding together the parts of anything; a close embrace.— v. t. [clasped (klaspt), clasping.] To shut or fasten together with a clasp; to embrace, grasp. — Clasp'er, n. One who, or that which, clasps, as a tendril. — Clasp-- knife, -mf, n. A knife, whose blade folds into the handle. Class, Idas, n. A group of individuals possessing common characteristics ; a number of students of the same standing ; an order or division of animate or inanimate objects. — v. t. [classed (klast), class- ing.] To form into classes, rank together. — v. i. To be grouped or classed. — Class-mate, n. One in the same class. — Clas'sic, -sical, a. Of the first class or rank, esp. in literature or art ; orig. pert, to the best Greek and Roman writers, now, also, to the best modern authors ; pert, to the Greeks and Latins ; chaste ; pure ; refined. — Clas'sic, n. A work of acknowledged excellence ; one learned in the classics. — Clas'sify, -sT-fl, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fying.] To distribute into classes, arrange, rank, systematize. — Clas'sifica'tion, n. Clatter, klatler, v. i. [-tered (-t5rd), -tering.] To make rattling sounds ; to rattle with the tongue, prate. — v. t. To strike and make a rattling noise. — n. A repeated rattling noise. Clause, klawz, n. A separate portion of a written paper, paragraph, or sentence. (Oram.) A portion sun, cQbe, full ; moon, ffiot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. CLAUSTRAL 68 CLIP : finite verb and its See under Cloister. of a sentence containing junct. Claustral. Clavicle, klav'i-kl, n. {Anat.) The collar-bone. Claw, klaw, n. A sharp, hooked nail, as of a beast or bird; a talon, — v. t. [clawed (klawd), clawing.] To pull, tear, or scratch with claws or nails ; to get off or escape. Clay, kla, n. A soft earth, consisting of alumina and silica, with water. (Poetr/t and Script.) Earth in general, as representing the elementary particles of the human body ; the human body. — v. t. [clayed (klad), claying.] To manure with clay ; to purify and whiten with clay, as sugar. Claymore, kla'mor, n. A two-handed sword formerly used by the Scottish Highlanders. Clean, klen, a. Free from dirt, or from that which is injurious; without defects; adroit: dexterous; free from restraint or limitation; complete; sinless; pure. (Script.) Free from ceremonial defilement. — adv. Without limitation or remainder; quite; entirely; dexterously ; adroitly. — v. t. [cleaned (klend), cleaning.] To free from dirt, purify, cleanse. — Cleanly, klenlY, adv. In a clean manner ; neatly. — Clearness, n. — Cleanly, klenll, a. Habitually clean, avoiding defilement: innocent; pure; cleansing ; adroit; artful. — Cleanlily, klen' r - 1I-1T, adv. In a cleanly manner. — Cleanliness, n. — Cleanse, klenz, v. f. [cleansed (klenzd), cleans- ing.] To render clean. — v. i. To become clean. Clear, kler, n. (Carp.) Full extent ; distance be- tween extreme limits. — a. Free from opaqueness, blemish, guilt, obstacle, etc.; able to perceive clear- ly; acute; unbiased; distinctly heard; audible; man- ifest; plain ; distinct. — adr._ Plainly; quite ; en- tirely. — v. t. [cleared (klerd), clearing.] To free from obscurity, etc.; to leap or pass by, or'over, without touching or failure; to remove so as to leave something unobstructed. — v. i. To become clear from clouds or fog; to become disengaged. (Bank- ing.) To make exchanges and settle balances. (Naut.) To obtain a clearance, and sail from port. — Clearing-house, re. (Banking.) The place where clearing is carried on. — Clear-sighted, -sit'ed, a. Having acute sight.— Clear-sightedness, n.— Clear-- starch, v. t. To stiffen with starch, and then clear by clapping with the hands. — Clear'-story, -sto^ri, Clerestory, kler'sto-rT or kler'es-to-rT, n. /g (Arch.) An upper story or row of windows, n f'j, esp. in a Gothic church, rising clear above jil U adjoining parts of the building. — Clear' - - Mh'i' 1 stuff,??. Boards, etc., free from knots. j.|F i Cleat, klet, re. (Carp.) A strip of wood nailed |f , to something to strengthen or fasten it. ' (Naut.) A piece of wood, to belay ropes to. rl , A piece of iron to render shoes more durable. ^ leat> — v. t. To strengthen with a cleat. Cleave, klev, v. i. limp, cleaved (klevd) or (ohs.) clave ; p. p. cleaved ; cleaving.] To adhere closely, stick, hold fast ; to be united closely in in- terest'or affection; to be adapted; to agree. * Cleave, klev, v. t. [imp. cleft or (obs.) clave and clove-.]), p. cleft or cleaved (klevd); cleaving.] To part or divide by force, split, rive; to part or open naturally, divide. — v. i. To part, open, crack. — Cleav'er, re. One who, or that which, cleaves, — esp. a butcher's meat-chopper. — Cleav'age, -ej, re. Act of, etc. (Crj/stallog.) Quality of splitting or di- viding naturally. — Cleft, n. An opening, or a piece, made by splitting ; crack ; crevice; chink. (Far.) A crack in the bend of the pastern. Clef, kief, n. (Mus.) A character in musical nota- tion to determine the position i— and pitch of the scale as rep < resented on the staff. H Cleft. See under Cleave. ~ Clematis, klem'a-tis, n. A ge- r „, . v „, „ nusof climbing plants. ° i^iei. j? <^iei. Clement, klem'ent, a. Mild in t* Clei. temper and disposition: lenient: tender; indulgent. — Clem'ency, -si, n. Quality of being, etc. Clench. See Clinch. Clerestory. See under Clear. Clergy, klei-'j!, v. The body of ecclesiastics, as disting. fr. the laity: in En e., ministers of the established church ; benefit of clergy. — Benefit of clergy. (Eng. Laic.) Exemption of clergymen from crim inal process before a secular judge — once ex- tended to all who could read, but now abolished. — Clergyable, a. Entitled to, or admitting, the benetit of clergy. — Clergyman, n. ; pi. -men. An ordained minister. — Cleric, klerlk, n. A clerk, or clergyman. — Cleric, -ical, a. Pert, to the clergy; also to a clerk or copyist. — Clericalism, -izm, n. Clerical domination or influence. —Clerk, klerk, n. Orig., an educated person; scholar; in Eng., a lay parish officer, who leads in reading the responses of the Episcopal church service, and otherwise assists in it; a scribe; penman; accountant; an assistant in a shop or store, who sells goods, keeps accounts, etc. [Pron. klark in England.] - Clerkly, a. Scholar- like. — Clerk'ship, n. Condition or business of, etc. Clever, klev'er, a. Possessing skill, talent, or adroit- ness; showing skill in the doer; having fitness, pro- priety, etc.; well-shaped, handsome, good-natured, kind-hearted. [Amer.] — Clev'erly, adv. — Clever- ness, n. Clevis, klevls, Cleyy, klev'T, re. A draft- <■ iron on the end of a cart-tongue or pkrw- beam. Clew, Clue, klti, n. A ball of thread; thread used as a guide in a labyrinth; that which guides one in anything doubtful or intri- cate. (Naut.) The outer lower corner of v. t. [clewed (kind), clewing.] (Naut.) To draw up to the yard, as a sail. To direct, as by a thread. Click, klik, v. i. [clicked (klikt), clicking.] To make a small, sharp noise, as by gentle striking; to tick. — re. A small, sharp sound; a peculiar articu- lation used by natives of Southern Africa. — re. A small piece of iron, falling into a notched wheel; a detent; pawl. Client, kli'ent, n. (Rom. Antiq.) A citizen under the I protection of a patron. A dependent; one who ap- I plies to a lawyer for advice, direction, etc., in a question of law. I Cliff, klif. n. A high, steep rock; precipice. ; Climacteric. See under Climax. j Climate, kli'mat,?!. (Anc. Geog.) Oneof 30 zonesof the earth, parallel to the equator. Condition of a i place in relation to temperature, moisture, etc.— ' Climatic, -ical, a. Pert, to, or limited bv climate. — Cli'matize, -tlz, v. t. [-tized (-tizd), -tizing.] To acclimate. — r. i. To become acclimated. — Clima- tology, -jT, n. Science of, or a treatise on, climates. Climax, klilnaks, n. (Rhet.) An arrangement in which a sentence rises, as if step by step, in impor- tance, force, or dignity. The highest point. — Cli- macteric, kli-makler-ik or klim-ak-terlk, a. Pert, to a critical period of life. — n. A critical period in human life, or one in which change is supposed to take place in the constitution; any critical period. — Grand or great climacteric. The 63d year. Climb, kllm, v. i. or t. [climbed (klimd) or (obs. or vul- j gar) clomb (klQm), climbing.] To ascend by means I of hands and feet; to mount laboriously or slowly. Clime, klim, n. Same as Climate. j Clinch, klinch. Clench, v. t. [clinched (klincht), clinching.] To make or hold fast, grasp, gripe; to render firm, confirm, establish. — ?!. Act or pro- cess of, etc.: or that which serves to hold fast; a pun. (Naut.) A kind of knot and seizings to fasten ' a cable or gun to ring-bolts. ; Cling, kling, v. i. [clung, clinging.] To adhere closely, hold fast, esp. by winding round or em- I bracing.—?-, t. To cause to adhere to. Clinic, klinlk, -ical, a. Pert, to abed; confined to bed by illness; bed-ridden. — Clinic, re. One con- fined, "etc. — Clinique, -ek r , n. An examination of diseased persons by medical professors in presence of their pupils. [F.] Clink, klink, r. t. [clinked (klinkt), clinking.] To make a small, sharp, ringing sound. — n. A ring- ing sound. — Ciink'er, re. Several bricks united by heat; scoria, or refuse of a furnace; vitrified mat- ter ejected from a volcano. Clip, klip, v. t. [clipped (klipt), clipping.] Orig., to embrace, encompass; to cut off, as with a single ?troke: ly.— re to curtail, cut short, —v. i. To move swift- An embi-ace; a cutting; shearing; product am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r ; CLIQUE 69 COAPTATE of a single shearing; a blow or stroke with the hand. — Clip'per, n. One who clips ; esp. who cuts' oft edges of coin. (Jfaut.) A fast-sailing vessel, hav- ing the bow sharp and long. — Clip'' ping, n. Act of embracing, cutting off, or curtailing ; thing clipped _off. Clique, klek, n. A narrow circle of persons; coterie. Cloak, klok, n. A loose, outer garment; a disguise or pretext, — v. t. [cloaked (klokt), cloaking.] To cover with a cloak; to hide or conceal. Clock, klok, 11. An instrument for measuring time. Clod, klod, n. A lump or mass, esp. of earth, turf, or clay; the ground, earth; the body as compared with the soul; a dull, stupid fellow; a dolt. — v. i. To collect into concretions ; to clot. — v. -t. To pelt with clods. Clog, klog, v. t. [clogged (klogd), clogging.] To en- cumber, or load, esp. with something that sticks fast; to obstruct so as to hinder motion, choke up, em- barrass, impede, hamper. — v. i. To become loaded or encumbered ; to coalesce or adhere. — n. That which hinders motion; an embarrassment; a heavy shoe; wooden shoe. Cloister, klois'ter, n. A covered arcade ; a monastic establishment. — v. t. [cloistered (-terd), -ter- ing.] To confine in a cloister. — Clois'tral, Claus'- tral, klawslral, a. Pert, to, or confined in, etc. — Clois'terer, n. An inmate of, etc. Cloke. See Cloak. Close, kloz, v. t. [closed (klozd), closing.] To bring together the parts of; to stop, shut; to bring to an end, conclude; to inclose, encompass, confine. — v. i. To come together, unite or coalesce ; to end, terminate. — n. Union of parts; junction; termina- tion; end; a grapple in wrestling. {Mas.) End — |-. of a strain of music; cadence. An inclosed ~ f\ place; esp. a field or piece of land; a passage jj from a street to a court, and the houses with- _|J in ; the precinct of a cathedral or abbey. — rii n Clo'sure, -zhur, n. Act of shutting ; a clos- os ing; that which shuts, incloses, or confines; end; conclusion. — To close with. To accede, consent, or agree; to grapple with. — Close, klos, a. Shut fast; closed; tight; pent up; confined; secret; stagnant; without motion or ventilation; secretive; reticent; parsimonious ; niggardly ; dense ; solid ; compact; adjoining; near; intimate; confidential; adhering to rule; strict; accurate; precise; evenly balanced; doubtful. — adv. In a close manner. — Clos'et, kloz'et, n. A room for retirement or privacy; a small, close apartment, for utensils, articles of fur- niture, etc. — v. t. To shut up in a closet ; to take into a private room for consultation. Clot, klot, n. A. concretion, esp. of a soft, slimy char- acter; a coagulation. — v. i. To concrete or coagu- late; to be formed into clots or clods; to become gross. Cloth, kloth, n. A woven stuff of fibrous material; a profession, or the members of it, esp. the clerical prof ession. — Clothe, klorh, v. t. [clothed (klothd) or clad, clothing.] To put garments upon, fur- nish with raiment ; to cover or invest, as with a garment, —v. i. To wear clothes. — Clothing, n. Raiment ; covering. — Clothier, -yer, n. One who makes, sells, dresses, or fulls cloth. Cloud, klowd, n. A collection of visible vapor sus- pended in the atmosphere; a mass of smoke or dust resembling vapor; a dark vein or spot in marble, etc.; that which has a lowering or threatening as- pect; a great crowd or multitude. — v. t. To be overspread with clouds; to render dark or obscure; to variegate with colors. — v. i. To grow cloudy or obscure. — Cloud'y, -T, a. Overcast or obscured with, or consisting of, clouds ; lacking clearness ; not easily understood ; having the appearance of gloom ; marked with veins or spots. — Cloudily, -l-li, adv. — - Cloudiness, ».— Cloudless, a. Un- clouded. Clout, klowt, n. A piece of cloth, leather, etc., for a patch; the center of an archer's butt; an iron plate on an axletree.— r. t. To cover with cloth or other material; to patch, join in a clumsy manner ; to guard with an iron plate. Clove, klov, a. A pungent aromatic spice, the unex- panded flower-bud of the clove tree. Clove, klov, n. {Bot.) One of the small bulbs devel- oped in the axils of the scales of a large bulb. Clover, klo'ver, n. {Bot.) A plant of the grass kind. Clown, klown, n. A husbandman; rustic; an ill-bred man ; the fool in a play, circus, etc. — v. i. To act as a clown. — Clownish, a. Like, etc.; ungainly; boorish. — Clownlshly, adv. — Clownlshness, n. Cloy, kloi, v. t. [cloyed (kloid), cloying.] To glut, or satisfy, satiate, surfeit. Club, klub, n. A heavy staff, wielded with the hand; one of the suits of cards, having a figure like the clover-leaf. —v. t. To strike with a club. — Club"'- foot, u. A short, deformed foot. Club, klub, n. An association of persons for some common object, at joint expense. — v. i. and t. To combine to promote some common object; to pay one's proportion of a common expense. Cluck, kluk, v. i. [clucked (klukt), clucking.] To make the noise of a brooding hen. — v. t. To call, as a hen does her chickens. — n. {Pron.) A peculiar articulation used by natives of South Africa. Clue. Same as Clew. Clump, klump, n. A shapeless mass of wood, etc.; a cluster of trees; the compressed clay of coal strata. Clumsy, klum'zl, a. Without grace of shape, man- ners, etc.; awkward; uncouth. Clung. See Cling. Cluster, klusler, n. A number of similar things growing, joined, or collected together; a crowd. — v. i. [clustered (-terd), -tering.] To grow in clusters, gather in a bunch or mass. — v. t. To col- lect into a bunch or close body. Clutch, kluch, v. t. [clutched (klucht), clutching.] To seize, clasp, or gripe with the hand ; to close tightlv, clinch. — v. i. To catch, snatch. — n. A gripe; seizure; grasp {Mach.) A projecting piece, for connecting shafts, so as to be disen- gaged at pleasure ; the cross-head of a piston-rod, pi. The hands ; hence, tI^t power ; rapacity. Clutter, klutler, n. A confused collection; confu- sion; disorder. — r. t. [cluttered (-terd), -tering.] To crowd together in disorder, fill with things in confusion. — v. i. To make a bustle, or fill with confusion. Clyster, klisler, n. {Med.) An injection into the bowels^ Coach, koch, n. A large, close, four-wheeled carriage. — v. t. To convey in a coach; to cram, or prepare for an examination. Coadjutor, ko-ad-juler, n. One who aids another, or is empowered to perform the duties of another; as- sistant ; co-worker. — Coadjulrix, a. A female as- sistant. — Coad'jutant, a. Mutually assisting. Coagent, ko-a'jent, n_. An assistant or associate. Coagulate, ko-ag'u-lat, v. t. To cause to change into a curd-like state, — said of liquids. — v.i. To un- dergo coagulation, thicken, curdle. Coal. koI, n. Wood charred, or partially burnt; char- coal. {Min.) A black, solid, combustible substance, consisting mainly of carbon, used for fuel. — v. t. [coaled (kold), coaling.] To burn to coal, char; to mark with chai coal; to supply with coal. — v.i. To take in coal, — said of steam-vessels. — CoaK- ery, -er-T, Colliery, kol'yer-T, n. A place where coal is dug.— Collier, -yer, it. A digger of, or dealer in, coal; a vessel for transporting coal. — CoaKy, -1, a. Pert, to or containing coal. — Colly, k5Ki, n. Black grime or soot of coal or burnt wood. — v. t. [COL- lied (kolld), -lying.] To render black. Coalesce, ko'a-les', v. i. [coalesced (-lest'), coa- lescing.] To grow together; unite into one mass; unite in society. — Coalition, -lish'un, «. Union in a body or mass; a temporary combination of per- sons, parties, states, etc., having different interests; confederacy; combination; conspiracy. Coamings, Combings, komlngz, it. pi. {JS T aut.) The raised borders or edges of the hatches. Coaptate, ko-ap'tat, v. t. To adiust, as parts to each other, — esp. {Svrg.) to adjust the parts of a broken bone. — Coaptation, -ta'shun, n. Adaptation of, etc. sun, cube, full ; moon, fotit ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. COARSE 70. COFFER Coarse, kors, a. Large in bulk, or composed of large parts; not refined or nice; gross; rough; indelicate. — Coarsely, -IT, adv. — Coarse'ness, n. Coast, kost, n. Orig. the exterior line, or border of a country; edge of the land next to the sea; sea-shore. — v.i. To approach; to sail by or near a coast: to sail from port to port in the same country; to slide down a hill on a sled, upon snow or ice. — Coast'er, n K A person or vessel that sails along a coast trad- ing from port to port. — Coast '-line, n. Outline of a coast: shore line. — Coast'wise, adv. Byway of, or along, the coast. Coat, kot. n. A man's outer garment ; the habit or vesture of an order of men ; an external covering, as fur or hair of a beast ; a layer of any substance covering another : a tegument : that on which en- signs armorial are portraved. —v. t. To cover with a coat.— Coat of amis. (Her.) A habit worn by knights over armor : an armorial device. Coax, koks, v. t. [coaxed (kokst). coaxing.] To persuade by insinuating courtesy, flattery, or fond- ling; to wheedle, fawn. Cob. kob, n. The top or head ; hence, that which is large, round, etc. ; a person at the top. or distin- guished ; a rich, covetous person ; a lump or piece, as of stone; a spider : a short-legged and stout vari- ety of horse : the spike on which grains of maize grow.— Cob'ble. C stone, Cob'stone. n. A rounded fragment, as of coal, stone, etc. — Cob'nut, n. A large nut; a child's game played with nuts, also the nut winning the game. — Cob'web. n. A spider's net : a snare or device. — v. t. To cover with, or as with, cobwebs. Cobalt, ko'bawlt, n. A reddish-gray metal, brittle, and difficult of fusion : its oxides are used in glass manufacture to produce the blue varieties called imwlt. Cobble, kob'bl. n. A fishing-boat. See Coble. —A stone. See under Cob. Cobble, kob'bl. v. t. [cobbled (-bid), cobblixg.] To make or mend coarsely, as shoes; to do bun- glingly. — Cob'bler, ?i. A mender of shoes; a clumsy workman ; a beverage composed of wine, sugar, lemon, and broken ice. Coble, kob'1, n. A boat used in herring fishery. Cobra de capello, ko'bra-da-ka-peKlo. The hooded snake, a venomous reptile of the East Indies. Cochineal, koch^i-nei, n. A plant-louse found upon the Mexican cactus: the dried insects used as a scar- let dye-stuff, from which carmine is made. Cochlea, kok'le-a, n. (Aaat.) The spiral cavity of the internal ear. Cock, kok, n. The male of birds, esp. of domestic fowls ; a vane shaped like a fowl, weathercock ; a chief man. leader : an instrument to let out liquor from a cask, spout. — Cockade, -ad', n. A rosette or knot of ribbons, etc., on the hat. — Cock'atoo'', n. A bird of the parrot kind, having a crest of feathers •which it can raise or depress. — Cock'atrice. -tris, n. The basilisk : a fabulous serpent, hatched by a serpent from a cock's egar, and whose breath" or look was fatal. — Cock'crow, -crowing, n. The time at which cocks crow : early morning. — Cock'er. n. One who follows cockfighting: a dog of the spaniel kind, used for starting up woodcocks, etc. — Cock'- erel. n. A young cock. — Cock'nght, -fighting, -match.?;. A contest of game-cocks. loft, n. The top-loft : upper room. — pit, n. An area where game-cocks fight. [See also under Cockboat.] — Cocks'comb, -kom, n. The caruncle or comb of a cock. (Bot.) A plant of different genera. A vain, silly fellow ; a fop. — Coek'spur. n. The spur on a cock's leg. (Bot.) A variety of hawthorn. Cock, kok, n. A pile of hay. — v. t~. [cocked (kokt), cocKixG.] To set up in piles. Cock, kok, n. Act of turning or setting up ; thing set up ; the gnomon or style of a dial. — v. t. To set erect, turn up ; to place upon the head jauntily. — Cock'eye, n. A squinting eye. Cock, kok, n. The hammer of a gun-lock. — v. t. To draw back the cock, in order to fire. — Cock'- feather, n. (Arch.) The feather above the notch, when the arrow is fitted to the string. Cock, Cockboat, kok'bot, n. A ship's small boat. — Cock'bill, n. (Xaut.) Position of the anchor, when suspended from the cat-head, ready to drop- ■ pit, n. A room under the lower gun-deck, used for the wounded during action. — Cockswain, kok''- sn, n. The person who steers a boat. Cockchafer, kok'chaf-er, n. (Entojn.) The May-bug or dor-beetle. — Cock'roach, -roch, n. An insect | of several species, infesting houses, ships, etc. Cocker, kok'er, v. t. [cockered (-erd), -ekixg.] To treat with tenderness, fondle, pamper. Cockle, kok'l, it. (Bot.) A weed that grows among corn, corn-rose ; the darnel. — (Conch.) A bivalve ' shell fish having a corrugated : shell. — v. t. To contract into wrinkles, like ridges of the cockle- shell. — v. i. To take the form of i wrinkles. Cockney, kok'nt, n. ; pi. -xeys, -niz. An effeminate person; a resident of London. — a. Pert, to or like. etc. Cocoa, ko'ko, n. (Bot.) A palm tree producing the cocoa-nut. A prepa- ration made from cacao seeds ; a beverage made from it. — Cocoa shells. The dried husks of cacao seeds. Cocoon, ko-koon', n. An oblong case which contains the silkworm in its chrysalis state; the case constructed by an insect to contain its larve. Cod, kod, n. A husk or envelope con- l>ocoa tree, taining seeds ; a pod ; the scrotum. (Ichth.) A fish inhabiting the northern seas. — Cod'ling, n. A young cod. — Cod'liver oil. A fixed oil obtained from livers of the cod. very nutrient, and used medicinally for rheuma- Cod. tism, skin diseases, pulmonary consumption, etc. Coddle, kod'dl, v. t. [-dled (-did;, -dlixg.] To par- boil : to treat tenderly. Code, kod, n. A collection, system, or digest of laws.— Comdex, ii. ; pi. Codices, kod'i-sez. A manuscript; book; code. — Cod'ify, -fl, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fy- ix g.] To reduce to a code or digest, as laws. — Cod'ifica'tion, n. Act of, etc. — Cod'icil, -I-sil, n. A supplement to a will. Codger, kod'jer, n. A mean person ; curmudgeon ; odd old person. Coefficient, ko-ef-fish / 'ent, a. Cooperating ; actiug in union to the same end. — n. That which unites, etc. (Math.) A known quantity put before letters or quantities, to show how often to take them. Coequal, ko-e'kwal, a. Equal with another : of the same rank, dignity, or power. — n. One who is, etc. — Coeqnalityr-kwoKf-tT, n. State of being, etc. Coerce, ko-ers', v. t. [coerced (-erst'), coercixg.] I To restrain by force, constrain, repress, compel. Coercion, -er'shun. n. Act or process of, etc.; re- straint.— Coer^cive. -siv, a. Compelling, or able to I compel ; compulsory. Coeternal, ko-e-ter'nal, a. Equally eternal. — Co- eter'nity. -ti. n. Equal eternity with another. Coeval, ko-e'val, a. Of equal age. — n. One of the same age. • Coexist, ko-egz-isf, v. i. To exist at the same time. , — Coexist'ence. n. Existence at the same time with | another. — Coexist'ent, a. Existing, etc. Coextend, ko-eks-tend'. v. t. To extend through the same space with another. — Coexten'sion, -shun, n. 1 Equal extension. — Coexten'sive, -siv, a. Coffee, kof'fe, n. The berries of a tree growing in ] warm climates of Asia and j America ; a drink made from the roasted berry, by decoc- «v tion. — Coffee-house, n. A >«i» house for the sale of coffee and "< other refreshments. mill, n. £? A mill for grinding coffee. — -pot. n. A covered pot in which coffee is boiled, or brought upon the table. Coffer, "koffer. n. A chest, esp. for monev. (Arch.) A sunken panel. (Fort.) A hollow work across a dry moat, serving as a parapet with embrasures. A lock to re- Coffee. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term : In, Ice ; Odd, tOne, 6r ; COFFIN 71 COLLEGE ceive a barge. — v. t. [coffeked (-ferd), -fering.] To place in a coffer. — Coffer dam. (Engin.) A box of timber, to exclude water while constructing piers, etc. Coffin, koffin, n. The case in which a body is inclosed for burial. (Far.) The hollow part of a horse's hoof. (Print.) A wooden frame inclosing the stone on which forms are imposed. — v. t. [cof- fined (-find), -fixing.] To put into, etc.— Cof- fin-bone, n. (Far.) A horse's foot-bone inclosed within the hoof. Cog, kog. v. t. and i. [cogged (kogd), cogging.] To wheedle, deceive ; to thrust in, by deception. — n. A tooth on a wheel, transmitting motion. — v. t. To fix a cog upon, furnish with cogs. Cog, Coggle, kog'gl, n. A boat ; fishing-boat. Cogent, ko'jent, a. Having great force; pressing on the mind; not easily resisted; convincing; conclu- sive. Cogitate, koj'Y-tat, v. i. To engage in continuous thought, reflect. — Cogita'tion, n. Act of thinking; meditation; contemplation. Cognac, korf yak, n. A brandy formerly made at Cognac. France. [Written improp. Cogniac] Cognate, kog'nat, a. Allied by blood or birth; kin- dred in origin, formation, etc. — n. (Law.) One connected with another bv kindred; one related to another on the female side; one of several things allied in origin. Cognize, kog'niz, v. t. To recognize, perceive. — Cog'nizance, kog'- or kon'i-zans. n. Knowledge or notice; observation; recognition; judicial knowl- edge or jurisdiction. (Law.) An acknowledgment or confession. A badge, to indicate the party to which one belongs. — Cognizant, kog'- or kon'I- zant, a. Having knowledge of. Cognomen, kog-no'men, n. A surname: the last of the 3 names of an ancient Roman, denoting his family. Cohabit, ko-hab'it, v. i. Orig., to dwell with, or in- habit the same place or country; to live together as husband and wife. Co-heir, ko-ar', ??. A joint heir.— Cc-heires.., ko-ar'es, n. A jointjieiress. Cohere, ko-hef. v. i. [cohered (-herd'), cohering.] To stick together; to follow regularly in the natural order; to cleave, fit. — Coherence, "-ens, -ency, -si, n. A sticking together: suitable connection; consist- ency. — Coher'ent, a. Sticking together: connected by some relation of form, order, etc.: consistent.— Coherently, adv. — Cohe'sion, -zhun, n. Act of sticking together; attraction by which particles of homogeneous bodies unite; a state of connection or dependence. — Cohe'sfve, -siv, a. Having the power of cohering. — Cohe'siveness, n. Cohort, ko'hQrt, n. (Rom. Ant iq.) A body of about 500 or 600 soldiers. Any band of warriors. Coigne, koin, Quoin, koin or kwoin, n. A corner or external angle; corner-stone: a wedge. Coil, koil, v. t. [coiled (koild), coiling.] To wind in rings, as a rope. — n. Rings formed by winding, etc. Noise; tumult. Coin, koin, n. A corner or external angle; a wedge to raise, lower, fasten, or level anything, as a can- non, printer's form, etc.: a piece of metal stamped "with characters, making it legally current as money; that which serves for payment or recompense. — v. t. [coined (koind), coining.] To stamp and convert into money, mint, fabricate.— Coufage, -ej, n. Act of coining; money coined: expense of coining; act or process of forming: invention: fabrication. — Confer, n. One who makes coin; a minter; coun- terfeiter; inventor or maker. Coincide, ko'in-sTd, v. i. To fall together, asree in position, correspond, be identical. — Coincid'er, n. — Coincidence, -sT-dens, n. Act or condition of falling together: agreement or concurrence, esp. of events at the same time. — Coin' cident, a. Having coincidence; agreeing. Coir, kwoir, n. " Cocoa-nut fiber for matting, ropes, etc. Coition._ko-islfun, n. Sexual intercourse; copulation. Coke, kok, n. .Mineral coal charred, or deprived by fire of volatile matter, — v. t. [coked (kokt), coking.] To convert into coke. Colander, kuf en-der, n. A vessel with a perforated bottom for straining liquids. Colchicum, kofkT-kum, n. A genus of plants, inclu- ding the meadow saffron, whose bulbs are used me- dicinally for gout and rheumatism. [L.] Cold, kola, a. Destitute of warmth, physical or moral; bleak; chill; indifferent; spiritless; reserved. — n. Absence of warmth; sensation produced by escape of heat; chilliness. (Med.) A morbid state of the animal system produced by cold; catarrh. — Cold'- blood'ed, -blud'ed, a. Having cold blood; without sensibility; hard-hearted; not thoroughbred, — said of animals. — chis'el, n. A hard chisel for cutting cold metal. — short, a. Brittle when cold. —-sore, n. (Pathol.) A herpetic eruption, about lips or nos- trils, attending catarrhal inflammation. Cole, kol, n. A plant of the cabbage family; esp. the species called also rape, which does not head like the cabbage. — Cole'wort, -wert. n. Cabbage cut young, before the head is firm. Coleus, ko'le-us, n. A plant of the mint familv, hav- ing variegated leaves. — Coleop'teral, -terous, -op'- ter-us, a. Having wings covered with a case or sheath, as beetles. Colic, kofik, n. (Med.) Acute pain in the bowels, growing more severe at intervals. Coliseum. Same as Colosseum. Collaborator, kol-Iab'o-ra'ter. n. An associate in labor, esp. literary or scientific; co-worker; assistant. Collapse, kol-laps r , v. i. [-lapsed (-lapsf), -lapsing.] To tall together suddenly, shrink up. — n. A falling together, as of the sides of a hollow vessel. (J/ecZ.) A "sudden failing of the vital powers. Collar, koflar, n. Something worn round the neck. (Arch.) A ring or cincture; astrag.,1 of a column. (Mech.) A ring-like part of a machine, for holding something to its place. (Navt.) An eye in the bight of a shroud, to go over the mast head. — v. t. [col- lared (-lard), -laring.] To seize by the collar, put a collar on. — Cof lar-beam, n. "(Arch.) A horizontal piece of timber bracing two opposite raf- ters. — bone, n. (Anat.) The clavicle, a bone joining the breast-bone and shoulder-blade. Collate, kol-laf, v. t. To compare critically; to gather and place in order, as sheets of a book for binding. (Eccl.) To present and institute in a benefice. — v. i. (Eccl.) To place in a benefice, as by a bishop. — Collation, -la' shun, n. Act of bringing together and comparing; act of bestowing. (Eccl. Law.) Pre- sentation to a benefice by a bishop. An unceremo- nious repast or lunch. — Colla'tive, -tiv, a. Passing or held bv collation. — Collator, -ter. n. One who collates manuscripts or books. (Eccl. Law.) One who collates to a benefice. Collateral, kol-laf er-al, a. On the side of; subordi- \ nately connected; indirect. (Genealogy.) Descend- ing from the same ancestor, but not one from the other. — n. A collateral relation; security given in addition to a principal promise or bond. Colleague, kof leg, n. One united with another in the discharge of some duty; partner; associate. — v. t. or i. To unite with in the same office. Collect, kol-lekf , ?>. t. To gather into one body or place, bring together; to infer as a consequence, de- duce. — v. i. To be assembled together, accumu- late; to infer, conclude. — Collect' ible, -Y-bl. a. Ca- pable of being gathered or inferred. — Collect, kof - lekt, n. A short, comprehensive prayer.— Collecta'- nea, -ne-a, n. pi. Passages selected from various ruthors; anthology ; chrestomathy. [L.] — Collecta'- neous, -ne-us, a. "Gathered; collected. — Collection, -lek'shun, n. Act of collecting; thing gathered; contribution; assemblage; crowd; mass; compila- tion; selection. — Collective, -iv, a. Formed by gathering; gathered into a mass, sum, or body; de- ducing consequences. (Gram.) Expressing an ag- gregate of individuals. Tending to collect. — Col- iect'ively, adv. In a body; unitedly. — Collect' or, -er, n. One who collects or gathers. (Com.) An officer who receives customs, taxes, or toll. — Col- lecforship, -orate, n. Office or jurisdiction of, etc. College, kof lej, n. A collection or society of men; a societvof scholars incorporated for study or instruc- tion: "an establishment for students acquiring lan- guages and science. sun, cube, full ; moon, fot»t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. COLLIDE 72 COMET Colossus of Rhodes. Collide, kol-lid', v. i. To strike or dash together. — Collison, -lizh'un, n. Act of, etc. ; a state of op- position ; in- ^y \ terf e rence ; clashing. Collie, Colly, kol'll, n. A Scotch shep- herd's dog. Collier, Col- liery. See un- der Coal. Colliquefaction, kol - lik ' we- fak'shun, n. A melting to- gether of bod- ies. Collocate, koK- lo-kat,t>. «..To set or place; station. — Col- location, n. A c t o f pla- cing ; state of being placed, esp. with something else. Collodion, kol- lo'dl-un, n. (Chem.) An adhesive solution of gun- cotton in ether and alcohol, used to close wounds, and in photography. Collop, koKlop, n. A slice of meat; piece of anything. Colloquy, kol'lo-kwl, n. Mutual discourse; confer- ence ; dialogue. — Collo'quial, o. Pert, to, or used in, common conversation. — Collo'quialism, -izm, n. A common form of expression.— CoKloquist, -kwist, n. Speaker in a conversation. Collude, kol-lud', v. i. To conspire in a fraud, act in concert. — Collu'sion, -zhun, n. Secret agreement and cooperation for fraud ; deceit ; connivance. — Collu'sive, -siv, a. Fraudulently concerted. Colocynth, koKo-sinth, n. (3Ied.) The coloquintida, or bitter apple; the pith of a species of cucumber, — a strong cathartic. Cologne, ko-lon / ', n. A toilet liquid, composed of al- cohol and aromatic oils, — orig. made in Cologne. Colon, ko'lon, n. (Anat.) The largest of the large intestines. {Gram.) A point [:] marking a pause greater than a semicolon, less than a period. [Gr.] Colonel, ker'nel, n. {Mil.) The chief commander of a regiment. Colonnade, kol'on-nad', n. {Arch.) A series of col- umns placed at regular intervals. Colony, koKo-nl, n. A company of people in a re- mote country, and subject to the parent state ; the country colonized. — Colo'nial, a. Pert, to, etc. — CoKonist, n. A member of, etc. — CoKonize, v. t. [-nized (-nlzd), -nizing.] To plant a colony in ; to people by colonies. — v. i. To settle in a distant country. — Col 'onizer, n. — Col'oniza'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. — Col'oniza'tionist, n. An advocate of, etc. ; esp. of colonizing Africa by negro emigrants from America. Coloquintida. Same as Colocynth. Color, kul'er, n. A property of light causing the eye to distinguish differences in the appearance of ob- jects ; a hue or tint as distinguished from white; that used to give-color: paint; pigments; false show; pretense. (Phren.) The organ indicating percep- tion of color. See Phrenology, pi. A flag, ensign, or standard. — v. t. [colored (kuKerd), -oring.] To change the hue of ; to give color to, dye, tinge, paint, stain ; to give a specious appearance to, palli- ate, excuse. — v. i. To turn red, blush.— Col'ora- ble, a. Designed to cover or conceal ; specious ; plausible. — CoKorature, n. {Mus.) A variation or shading of notes for harmony. — CoKored, -erd, a. Having color or plausible appearance. — Colored people. Persons of negro descent. — Colorific, a. Communicating or producing color. — Col'orist, ??. A painter skilled in coloring. — Col'orless, a. Des- titute of color. — Colorimeter, n. An instrument for measuring the depth of color, esp. in liquids. — Col'or-blindness, n. Imperfect perception of col- ors ; Daltonism. Colorado beetle, kol-o-ra / do-be / 'tl. The potato-bug,— a destructive yellow beetle, orig. fr. Colorado. Colossus, ko-los'sus, n. ; L. 2>l- -si, -si ; E. pi. -suses, -ez. A gigantic statue ; esp. that at the entrance of the harbor at Rhodes.— Colos'sal, -se'an, a. Gigan- tic. — Colosse'um, n. Vespasian's amphitheater in Rome. [Also written Coliseum.'] Colporteur, kol-por-ter', Col'porter, n. One who ped- dles religious tracts and books. — Col 'staff, n. A staff for carrying burdens on two persons' shoul- ders^ Colt, kolt. n. The young of the horse kind ; a young, foolish fellow.— Colt's'foot, n. A plant whose leaves were once used medicinally. Colter, Coulter, kol'ter, n. The sharp fore iron of a plow, to cut the sod. Column, kol'um, n. {Arch.) A cylindrical support for a roof, ceiling, etc., composed of Dase, shaft, and capital ; a pillar. {Mil.) A body of troops in files with a narrow front. (JVaut.) A body of ships in line, so as to follow in succession. (Print.) Figures, words, or lines set perpendicularly one above another. — Colum'nar, a. Formed in or like, etc. — Columella, -la, n. {Bot.) An Colter, axis, supporting the carpels of some fruits ; the stem in mosses, which is the axis of the capsule. Colza, koKza, n. A variety of cabbage whose seeds afford an oil used in lamps. [Sp.] Coma, ko'ma, n. (Med.) Morbid propensity to sleep; lethargy. — Co'matose, -tos, -tous, -tus, a. Drowsv; lethargic. Comb, koin, n. An instrument with teeth, for adjust- ing hair, wool, etc. ; the crest on a cock's head ; the top, or crest of a wave ; the structure of wax in which bees store honey. — ?', t. [combed (komd), combing.] To separate, disentangle, cleanse, ad- just, or lay straight. — v. i. (Xaut.) To roll over, as the top of a wave ; to break with white foam. Combat, kom , bat or kum^bat, v. i. To struggle or contend, as with an opposing force. — v. t. To fight with, oppose by force, resist, oppose. — n. A strug- gle to resist or conquer. {Mil.) An engagement; conflict; encounter. — Com'batant, a. Contending; disposed to contend. — n. One who, etc. ; a cham- pion. — Com'bater, h. — Com'bative, -iv, a. In- clined to, etc. — Com'bativeness, n. Disposition to, etc. (Phren.) The organ indicating it. See Phre- nology. Combine, kom-bin', v. t. [-bined (-bind'), -bining.] To unite or join.— v. i. To form a union, confeder- ate; to unite by affinity.— Combin'able, a. Capable of, etc. — Combina r tion, n. Union or connection; coalition : conspiracy. (Math.) Variation of any number of quantities in all possible ways. Combustible, kom-bus'tT-bl, a. Capable of taking fire and burning ; inflammable ; easily excited ; quick; irascible. — ??. A substance that will, etc. — Combus'tibleness, -tibil'ity, n. — Combus'tion, -chun, n. A taking fire and burning; conflagration. Come, kum, v. ?'. [imp. came ; p. p. come ; coming.] To move hitherward, draw near, approach ; to ar- rive at some state or condition, occur, happen ; to become evident, appear. Comedy, kom'e-di, n. A dramatic composition of an amusing character. — Come'dian, n. An actor in, or writer of, etc. — Comedienne', -ma'di-en', n. An actress in, etc. [F.] — Come'dietta, -ta, n. A little comedy. [It.] — Com'ic, , -ical. a. Pert. to. etc.: ex- =::? . , ■■■■ , -< -;.: .-... -. citing mirth; laughable.— 1H Comi'cally, adv. — Com'- jjpH " - icalness, •«.— ComicaKity, -T-tt, n. That which is, etc. Comely, kumli, a. Hand- some; graceful; well-pro- portioned. — adv. In a be- coming or graceful man- ner. — Comeliness, n. Comestibles, ko-mes'tT-blz, n. pi. Eatables. Comet, kom'et, n. on of a ) Comet. A member of the solar system, am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r j COMFORT 73 COMMUNE moving in an eccentric orbit, and consisting of a nucleus, an envelope, and a tail. Comfort, kum'furt, v. t. To relieve or cheer under affliction or depression ; to solace, invigorate, re- fresh, animate. — n. Strength and relief under af- fliction ; support : a state of quiet enjoyment, or whatever causes it. — Com'forter, n. One who, etc. (Script.) The Holy Spirit. A woolen tippet; wadded quilt. — Com'fortable, a. Affording or enjoying, etc.; free from pain or distress.— n. A coverlet. — Com'fortably, culr. — Com'fortableness, n. — Com r - fortless, a. Miserable ; forlorn. Comic, Comicality, etc. See under Comedy. Comity, kom'I-tl, n. Courtesy of intercourse ; civil- ity ; good breeding. Comma, kom'ma, n. A character [,] marking the smallest grammatical division of a sentence. Command, kom-mand'', v. t. To order with authority; to exercise supreme authority over ; to have under influence, control, or vision; to exact or enforce, bid, direct, overlook, claim, —v. i. To have au- thority, possess chief power, govern. — n. An au- thoritative order ; exercise of authority ; " right or possession of authority ; ability to overlook, control, or watch ; a body of troops under a particular of- ficer.— Command' er, n. A leader ; the chief officer of an army, or a division of it. (Navy.) An officer next above a lieutenant. A heavy, wooden mallet. — Command'ery, -er-Y, -ry, -ri, n. A manor belong- ing to an order of knights, and controlled by a com- mander ; a preceptory ; a lodge of the Freemasons called knights templars. — Command'ing, a. Fitted to control; imperious. — Command' r ment, n. An au- thoritative order ; precept. (Script.) One of the 10 laws given by God to the Israelites at Mount Sinai. Commeasurable. Same as Commensurable. Commemorate, kom-mem'o-rat, v. t. To call to re- membrance, or celebrate with honor and solemnity. — Commern'ora'tion, n. Act of, etc.; a public cele- bration. Commence, kom-rhens'', v. i. [-menced (-mensf), -mencing.] To begin, originate; to take the first university degree. — v. t. To enter upon, begin, begin to be or to appear.— Commencc'ment, n. iirst existence of anything ; rise ; origin ; beginning; the day when university degrees are conferred. Commend, koHi-mend', v. t. To commit or intrust for care or preservation; to present as worthy of re- gard; to praise; to recommend to the kind reception of . — Commend'able, a. Capable or worthy of, etc. — Commend'ably, adv. — Commenda'tion, n. Act of, etc. ; praise ; applause ; a message of respect ; compliments. — Commend'atory, -to-rf, a. Serving to commend; holding a benefice in commendam. — Commen / 'dam, n. (Eccl. Law.) A vacant benefice committed to the holder until a pastor is supplied. The holding of such a benefice. Commensurate, koin-men'shoo-rat, a. Having a com- mon measure; commensurable; equal in measure or extent; proportional, —v. t. To reduce to a common measure.— Commen'surately, adv.— Commen'sura'- tion, n. State of being commensurate. — Commen'- surable, a. Having a common measure. Comment, kom'ment, v. i. To explain by remarks, criticisms, etc.; to write annotations. — n. An ex- planatory remark, observation, etc. ; annotation ; stricture. — Com'mentary, -ta-rl. n. A series, collec- tion, or book of comments, etc. : a memoir of partic- ular transactions. — Com'mentator, -menter, n. Commerce, kom'mers, n. Exchange of merchandise between different places or communities; extended trade or traffic; social or personal intercourse; famil- iarity. — Commercial, -mer'shal, a. Pert, to, or en- gaged in commerce; mercantile. Commination, kom-mT-na'shun, n. A threat; denun- ciation of punishment or vengeance. — Comminato- ry, -min'a-to-rY, a. Threatening punishment. Commingle, kom-min'gl, v. t. [-mingled (-gld), -min- gling.J To mingle together in one mass, or inti- mately; to blend. — v. i. To mix together, become blended. Comminute, kom'mT-nut, v. t. To reduce to minute particles, pulverize, grind.— Comminu'tion, n. Act of reducing to small particles; pulverization; atten- uation by removing small particles. Commiserate, kom-miz'er-at, v. t. To feel sorrow, pain, or regret for; to be sorry for; to pity, feel for, condole. Commissary, korn'mis-sa-rY, n. A deputy; commis- sioner. (Mil.) An officer in charge of a special de- partment, esp. that of subsistence. — Commissa''- riat, n. (Mil.) That department charged with sup- plying provisions for the soldiers; the body of offi- cers in that department; office of a commissary. Commit, kom-mif, v. t. To give in trust; to do, per- form, effect; to place beyond one's control; to pledge or bind,— used reflexively. — Commit'tal, n. Act of committing ; a pledge. — Commit'ter, n. — Com- miftible, a. Capable of being, etc. — Commission, -mish /, un, n. Act of committing, doing, or per- forming; a formal warrant of committing some trust to a person; a company of persons joined in the ex- ercise of some duty. (Com.) The acting under au- thority of, or on account of, another; thing to be done as agent for another; brokerage or allowance made to an agent. — v. t. [-missioned (-mish/und), -missioning.^ To give a commission to, appoint, depute. — Commis'sioner, n. One commissioned to execute some business for an employer; an officer in charge of some department of the public service.— Commis'sionaire'', -liar', a. A factor; commission- merchant; one stationed in a public resort to receive commissions or act as guide, messenger, etc. [F.] — Commis'sion mer'chant. One who transacts busi- ness on commission, as the agent of others, receiv- I ing a rate per cent, as his reward. — Commiftee, -te, n. A select number of persons appointed to attend to any business, by a legislative body, court, or any collective body of men acting together. — Commit'- I teeship, n. Office of a committee. | Commix, kom-miks', v. t.ori. [-mixed (-miksf), -mix- ■ ing.] To mix or mingle ; blend. — Commix'ture, -chur, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. ; mass formed by mingling ; compound. Commode, kom-mod r , n. A woman's head-dress; a chest of drawers; a bedroom convenience, — a close- stool.— Commo'dious, -di-us, a. Affording ease and convenience ; fit ; comfortable. — Commod / 'ity, -Y-tl, n. That which affords convenience or advantage, esp. in commerce ; goods, wares, etc. Commodore, korn'mo-dor, n. The commander of a squadron; leading ship in a fleet of merchantmen. Common, kom'un, a. Belonging equally to more than one, or to many indefinitely; serving 'for the use of all; general; public; often met with ; not distin- guished by rank or character; commonplace; mean; vulgar. — n. An uninclosed tract of public ground. (Law.) The right of taking a profit in the land of another. — v. i. To have a joint right with others in common ground; to board together; eat at a table in common. — Com'mons, -munz, n. pi. The mass of the people ; the commonalty ; the lower house of the Eng. parliament; provisions, food, fare; a club where all eat at a common table. — Com'monable, a. Held in common; allowed to pasture on common land. — Com'monage, -ej, n. Right of pasturing on a common; joint right of using anvthingin common with others. — Com'monalty, -al-tY, n. The common people ; body of citizens. — Com'moner, n. One under the degree of nobility; a member of the House of Commons; one having a joint right in common ground; a student of the second rank in the univer- sity of Oxford, England. — Com'monly, adv. Usu- ally; ordinarily; for the most part. — Corn'monness, n.— Corn'monish, a. Common-place; vulgar.— Com'- mon-place, a. Common ; trite ; hackneyed. — n. (lihet.) A general idea applicable to different sub- jects; a trite remark. — v. t. To enter in a com- mon-place book, or to reduce to general heads.— Corn'mon-place'-book, n. A book for recording things to De remembered. — Commonweal, -wel', -wealth, -weltli, re. Prop., a free slate; a popular government ; republic ; whole body of citizens. Commotion, kom-mo'shun, n. Violent motion; agita- tion; a popular tumult; perturbation or disorder of mind ; excitement. Commune, kom-mun', v. i. [-muned (-mund'), -mu- ning.] To converse together familiarly, confer; to re- ■ ceive the communion, partake of theJLord's supper. | — Commune, kom'mun, re. A small territorial dis- cube, full : moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNbox, chair, get. COMMUTE 74 COMPLETE trict iu France ; municipal self-government. (F. Hist.) A socialistic political party in France, — esp. in Paris.— Corn'munism, -nizm, ». Doctrine of com- munity of property among all citizens of a state or society ; socialism. — Com'munist, n. An advocate of, etc.— Commu'nity, -nl-ti, n. Common possession or enjoyment; a society of persons having common rights, interests, etc.; society at large; the public, or people in general.— Commu'nicate, -ni-kat, v. t. To impart for common possession, bestow, confer; to re- veal, or give, as information. — v. i. To share or participate; to have intercourse or means of inter- course. — Commu / 'nicable, a. That may be, etc.— Commu' r nicableness, -cabillty, 72. — Commu / nica' r - tion, n. Act of communicating; intercourse; means of passing from place to place; that which is com- municated ; commerce; correspondence; news. — Commu'nicative, -tiv, a. Inclined to communicate. — Commu'nicativeness, n. — Commu'nicator, -ter, n. — Commu'nicatory, -to-rt, a. Imparting knowl- edge. — Communion, -nmn'yun, n. Intercourse be- tween persons; union in religious faith; fellowship; a body of Christians having one common faith and discipline; the celebration of the Lord's supper. — Commu r nicant,_«. A partaker of the Lord's supper. Commute, kom-mut", v. t. To put one for the other, exchange; to substitute, as a greater penalty for a less; to pay less for in gross than would be paid for separate trips. — v. i. To bargain for exemption; to arrange to pay in gross. — Commu' table, a. Capable of being exchanged. — Commu'tabillty, -T-ti, n. — Commutalion, n. Change; barter. (Law.) Sub- stitution of one penalty for another. Purchase of a right to go upon a certain route during a specified period, for less than the aggregate charge for separate trips; an outright sum given as equivalent for aj;ro rata payment. Compact, kom-paktl a. Closely and firmly united; solid; dense; brief; succinct. — v. t. To drive or press closely together, consolidate; to unite or con- nect firmly, as in a system. Compact, kom^pakt, n. An agreement between par- ties; covenant; contract. Company, kum'pa-nT, m. State of being a companion; act of accompanying; an assemblage or association of persons; guests, disting. fr. the members of afam- ily ; a corporation; a firm; partners whose names are not mentioned in the title of the firm. (Mil.) A subdivision of a regiment. (Xaut.) The crew of a ship.— v. i. To associate. — Companion, kom-pan''- yun,?i. One associated with another; comrade; ally; accomplice. Compare, kom-par', v. t. [-pared (-pard'), -paring.] To examine the mutual relations of; to represent as similar, for purposes of illustration; to liken. (Gram.) To inflect according to degrees of com- parison. — v. i. To hold comparison; to be like or equal; to admit of comparison.— Comparable, kom r - pa-ra-bl, a. Capable or worthy of comparison.— Com'parably, adv.— Comparative, -par'a-tiv, a. Es- timated by, or proceeding from, comparison; hav- ing power of comparing. (Gram.) Expressing a greater or less degree of a quantity, or qualitv, than the positive. — Comparatively, ad v. In a compara- tive manner; by comparison; relatively. — Compar'- ison, -T-sun or -T-sn, n. Act of comparing; compara- tive estimate. See Phrenology. (Gram.) Inflec- tion of an adjective or adverb in its several degrees. (Rfiet.) A simile or similitude. Compartment, kom-part'ment, n. One of the parts into which a thing is divided. Compass, kum'pas, n. A circuit; circumference; an inclosing limit; boundary; an inclosed space; area; extent; capacity. (Mas.) Range of notes compre- hended by any voice or instru- ment. A magnetic instrument, to determine the cardinal points. — v. t. [compassed $r (-past), -passing.] To go about or around; to inclose on all sides; to besiege or invest; to get within reach, or within Mariner's Compas one's power; to purpose, im- agine, plot, gain, consummate. — Mariner's compass. One which has its needle permanently attached to a card, so that both move together, the card being divided into 32 parts, or points. — To fetch a compass. To go round in a circuit. — Com'' passable, a. Capa- ble of being, etc. — Com'passes, -ez, n. pi. An in- strument to describe circles, measure figures, etc. Compassion, kom-pash'un, n. A suffering with an- other; sorrow excited by another's distress; pity; sympathy. — Compas'sionate, a. Full of compas- sion; tender; merciful. — v. t. To have compassion for; commiserate. — Compassionately, adv. — Com- pas'sionateness, n. — Compatible, -pat't-bl, a. Ca- pable of existing in harmony; consistent; agreeable; congruous. Compatriot, kom-palri-ut, n. A fellow-countryman. Compeer, kom-per', n. An equal; companion; peer. Compel, kom-peK, v. t. [-pelled (-peld'), -pjelling.J To drive irresistibly; to necessitate; to take by force or violence, constrain, coerce. —Compulsion, -pul'- shun, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; constraint; restraint. — Compul'sative, -tiv, -satory, -to-rt, -sory, -so-rT, a. Compelling. — Compul'sive, -siv, a. Having power to, etc. — CompuTsively, -sorily, -ri- ll, adv. Forcibly. — Compul'siveness, u. Compellation, kom-pel-ia'snun, h. Manner of ad- dress ; appellation. — Compellative, -la-tiv, n. (Gram.) The name by which one is addressed. Compend, kom'pend, Compendium, -l-um, n. A brief compilation; abridgment; epitome; summary. — Compendious, -I-us, a. Summed up within nar- row limits. Compensate, kom'pen-sat or kom-pen'sat, v. t. To make equal return to, give an equivalent to, re- munerate, requite; to be equivalent to in value or effect, counterbalance. — v. i. To make amends, supply an equivalent. — Compensation, n. Actor principle of, etc.; an equivalent. (Law.) Payment of a debt by a credit of equal amount. — Compen'- sative, -tiv, -satory, -to-rt, a. Affording compensa- tion. Compete, kom-pef, v. i. To contend, as rivals for a prize.— Competition, -tish'un, ?i. Common strife for the same object; emulation; opposition; jealousy. — Competitive, -l-tiv, a. Producing or pert, to, etc. — Competitor, -l-ter, n. One who claims what another claims; a rival. Competent, konT'pe-tent, a. Answering to all require- ments; having adequate power or right; fitted; qual- ified. — Com'petence, -tency, -ten-si, n. State of being competent; sufficiency, esp. of means of sub- sistence. (Laio.) Legal capacity or qualifications; right or authority. Compile, kom-piK, v. t. [-piled (-pild'), -piling.] To put together or compose out of materials from other books or documents.— Compilalion, n. Act of com- piling; thing compiled; esp. a book. Complacent, kom-pla /r sent, a. Accompanied with pleasure; displaying satisfaction.— Compla'cence, -cency, -sen-si, n. A feeling of quiet pleasure; the cause of pleasure; kindness of manners; civility. — Com'plaisant', -pla-zant', a. Desirous to please; kindly attentive; courteous; well-bred. [F.]— Com'- plaisantTy, adv. — Com'plaisance', n. Kind com- pliance with others' wishes; urbanity; suavity. [F.] Complain, kom-plan', v. i. [-plained (-plana''), -plaining.] To express distress or censure ; to bring an accusation, make a charge, murmur, la- ment, repine.— Complain "ant, n. One who, etc. (Law.) A plaintiff. [F.] — Complaint', n. Expres- sion of grief, censure, etc.; cause of complaining; A malady; disease. (Law.) Allegation that some person has been guilty of a designated offense. [F.] Complanate, komlna-nat, v. t. To make level or even. Complete, kom-plef, a. Free from deficiency; per- fect; finished; ended; entire; total. — r. t. To bring to a perfect state; to bring to pass, achieve. — Com- pleteness, n. — Complelion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; fulfillment; realization. — Comple'tive, -tiv, a. Making complete. — Com^plement, -ple- ment, n. That which completes or supplies a defi- ciency ; quantity required to make complete. (Astron.) Distance of a star from the zenith, as compared with its altitude. (Trigon.) Difference ! between an arc or angle and 90°. (Arith.) Differ- aai fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, ice ; 5dd, tone, COMPLEX 75 CONCEIVE ence between a number and 10, 100, 1000, etc. (Mas.) Interval wanting to complete the octave. — Com- plementSi, a. Supplying, or tending to supply, a deficiency ; fully completing. — Complement'- ary, a. Serving to complete. — Comple'tory, -to-rf, a. Making complete. — n. Evening: the compline. — Com'pline, -plin, -plin, n. (Ecct.) The closing prayer of the Human Catholic breviary, recited after sunset. Complex, kom'pleks, a. Composed of two or more parts; complicated; intricate. — n. Assemblage; col- lection. — Com'plexness, ComplexSdness, -ed-nes, -ity, -T-tT, n. Intricacy. — Com'plexly, adv. — Com- plex'ure, -ur, n. Involution or complication of one thing with others. — Complexion, -plekShun, n. State of being complex; connection of parts; frame or texture; hue of the skin, esp. of the face; general appearance. — Complex'ional, -ionary, a. Pert, to the complexion, or to the care of it. — Com'plicate, -pll-kat, v. t. To fold or twist together, interweave; to render complex, involve. — a. Composed of parts united; complicated. — Com'plicately, adv. — Com'- plicateness, -cacy, -ka-sT, n. State of being, etc. — Complica'tion, w. Intricate or confused blending of parts ; entanglement. — Com'plicative, -tiv, a. Tending to involve. — Complicity, -plis'i-tT, n. C011- dition of being an accomplice. Compline. See under Complete. Complot, kom'plot, n. A confederacy in some evil design; conspiracy; cabal. — Complot/, v. t. and i. To plot together, conspire, join in a secret design. Comply, kom-pli', v. i. L-i'lied (-plid r ), -plying.] To yield assent, accord, acquiesce.— Compliance, -ans, n. Act of, or disposition tu, etc.; concession; obedi- ence. — CompliSnt, a. Pliant; yielding to request. — Compli'antly, adv. — Com'pliment, n. Compli- ance with the wishes of another; manifestation of approbation, regard, etc.; delicate flattery, —v. t. To flatter; express respect for. — v. i. To use com- pliments. Component. See under Compose. Comport, kom-port', v. i. To agree, accord, suit.— v. t. To behave, conduct, — with a reflexive pro- noun. _ Compose, kom-poz', v. t. [-posed (-pozd'), -posing.] To form by uniting, put together ; to constitute ; to originate, become the author of; to place in form, reduce to order ; to free from disturbance, set at rest. (Print.) To place in proper order for print- ing, as type. — Composed, -pozcK, p. a. Free from agitation: calm; tranquil. — Composedly, -ecl-lT, adv. — ComposSdness, n. — ComposSr, n. One who composes ; an author, esp. of a piece of .music. — Composition, -zish'un, n. Act of composing, esp. a literary work. (Fine Arts.) That combination of parts in which each has its due proportion. Arrange- ment of type for use in printing. State of being composed; thing formed by composing. (Law.) Ad- justment of a debt, by compensation mutually agreed on. — Composition of forces. (Mech.) I he finding of a single force equal to two or more given forces acting in given di- rections. — Composing- stick, n. (Print.) An in- strument of adjustable width, in which type is arranged into words and lines. — Composite, -pSz'it, a. Made of distinct parts or elements; compounded. (Arch.) Belonging to an order of architecture made up of the Ionic grafted upon the Corinthian. See Capital. — Composite number. (Math.) One which can be measured ex- actly by a number exceeding unity.— Compositive, -poz'T-tiv, a. Compounded, or having power of com- pounding. — Compositor, -ter, n. One who sets in order. (Print.) One who sets type. — Compc'nent, a. Composing; serving or helping to form; consti- tuting.—?;. A constituent part; an ingredient.— Composltae, -te, n. pi. (Bot.) A family of dicoty- ledonous plants, having their flowers arranged in dense heads, —including the daisy, dandelion, and aster. — Com'post, -post, v. (Agric.) A mixture for fertilizing land. — v.t. To manure with compost. — Compos'ure, -zhur, n. Act of composing; thing composed; a settled'state; calmness; tranquillity. Composing-stick. Compound, kom-pownd / ', v. t. To put together, as ele- ments, or parts to form a whole ; to combine or unite ; to settle amicably, adjust by agreement. — v. i. To come to terms of agreement, settle by com- promise. — Com^pound, a. Composed of elements, ingredients, or parts. — n. That which is com- pounded; mixture of elements, ingredients, or parts. Comprehend, kom-pre-hend / ', v. t. To include by con- struction or implication ; to take into the mind, ap- prehend the meaning of, understand.— Comprehen''- sion, -shun, n. Act of, etc. ; thing comprehended or inclosed within narrow limits ; summary : epit- ome ; capacity of the mind to understand ; percep- tion. — Comprehensive, -siv, a. Including much within narrow limits; extensive; full. — Compre- hensively, adv. — Comprehensiveness, n. Compress, kom-pres', v. t. [-pkessed (-prest'), -press- ing.] To press together, bring within narrower limits, crowd, condense. — Com'press, n. (Surg.) A folded piece of linen, to make pressure on any part. Comprise, kom-priz', v. t. [-prised (-prizd'), -pris- ing.] To comprehend, include, embrace, imply. Compromise, kom'pro-miz, n. A mutual promise to reter a dispute to the decision of arbitrators; adjust- ment by mutual concessions.— !;, t. [-mised (-mizd), -MisiNG.] To adjust by mutual concessions,-com- pound; to commit, hazard, compromit. — Com'pro- mis'er, n.— Com'promit, v. t. To pledge, promise; to put to hazard, by some act which cannot be re- called, bring into danger, compromise. Comptroller. See under Control. Compulsion, Compulsory, etc. See under Compel. Compunction, kom-punkShun, n. Poignant grief or remorse; the sting of conscience. Compute, kom-put / , v. t. To determine by calcula- tion, cast up, count, enumerate. — Computation, n. Act or process of, etc.; reckoning; account. Comrade, kom'rad, n. A mate, companion, or associ- ate. Comtism, koNt'izm, n. Positivism ; the doctrine of the F. philosopher, August Conite, that all knowl- edge is experience of facts acquired through the senses, and that we knuw nothing of causes or laws, but only phenomena. Con, kon. An abbr. of L. contra, against : in the phrase pro and con, for and against, it denotes the negative or contrary side of a question; as a sub- stantive, it denotes one who is in the negative. Con, kon, v. t. [conned (kond), conning.] Orig., to know; to study, try to fix in the mind, peruse. Concatenate, kon-kat'e-nat, v. t. To link together, unite in a series. — Concat'enaSion, n. A series of links united, or of things depending- on each other. Concave, kon^kav, a. Hollow and curved or rounded, — said of the interior of anything hemispherical. See Lens. — n. A hollow; arched vault, — v. t. [concaved (-kavd), -caving.] Tomake hollow. Conceal, kon-seK, v. t. [-cealed (-seld r ), -cealing.] To hide or withdraw from observation ; to withhold from utterance, disguise, secrete.— Conceal 'ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; place of hiding; secret place. (Law.) Suppression of truth. Concede, kon-sed'", v. t. To yield or suffer tu pass ; tu admit tu be true, grant, admit, give up, surrender. — v. i. Tu make concessiun. — Concession, -sesh/- un, n. Act of granting ; thing granted ; boon ; a privilege, or right granted by government. Conceit, Icon-set', n. That which is conceived in the mind ; idea ; thought ; image ; a quaint fancy ; af- fected conception; opinion; estimation; esp. overes- timatiun of one's self; vanity.— v. t. To conceive, im- agine. — v. i. To form an idea, judge. Conceive, kon-seV", v. t. [-ceived (-sevd'), -ceiving.] To receive into the womb and breed : to form in the mind, as a purpose ; to picture to the imagination, understand, believe, think. — v. i. To become preg- nant; to have a conceptiun, idea, ur upinion; to think. — Conceivable, a. Imaginable. — Conceiv'- ableness, n. — ConceivSbly, adv. — Concept, kon'- sept, n. An abstract general conception. — Concep- tion, -sepShun, n. Act of conceiving; state of being conceived; formation in the mind ot an image, idea, etc.; apprehension; image, etc., formed; notiun; a universal; power or faculty of forming an idea in the mind. sun, cube, full ; moon, f<36t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. CONCENT 76 CONDONE Concent, kon-senf, n. Concert of voices: harmony. Concenter, -tre, kon-senler, v. i. [-centered or i -tred (-terd), -tering or -tring.] To come to a point, or meet in a common center. — v. t. To draw- to a center, bring to a point. — Concentrate, kon- senlrat or konSen-trat, v. t. To bring to a com- mon center, unite more closely, combine. — Concen- tration, ?i. Act of, etc. (Chem.) Volatilization of part of a liquid, to increase the strength of the re- , mainder. — Concen'trative, a. Serving to, etc. — : Concen'trativeness, n. (Phren.) Power of concen- trating intellectual force. See Phrenology. — Concentrator, -ter, n. (Mining.) A pneumatic ap- paratus for separating dry comminuted ore, accord- ing to the specific gravity of its particles. — Con- cen'tric, «. Having a common center. Concern, koh-sem', v. t. [-cerned (-sernd /r ), -cern- ! ixg.] To relate or belong to, be of importance to ; j to take an interest in ; to disturb, make uneasy. — \ n. That which relates to one, or affects the wel- i fare; interest in, or care for, any thing. (Com.) ' Persons connected in business ; a firm and its busi- ness. — Concerning, prep. Pert, to; regarding; with respect to. Concert, kon-serf, v. t. To plan together; to plan, | devise. — v. i. To act in harmony, form combined plans, take counsel. — Con'cert, n. Agreement in a j plan; harmony; musical accordance or harmony; a i musical entertainment. — Coneerlo, n. A musical composition written for a principal instrument, with accompaniments for a full orchestra. [It.] — Con- certina, -te'na, n. A musical instrument of the ac- cordion species. Concession. See under Concede. Conch, konk, n. A marine shell. (Arch.) The domed | semicircular or polygonal ter- mination of the choir of a church; apsis. See Apsis. — Concha, kon'ka, n. (Anat.) The external ear, by whicn sounds are collected and trans- mitted to the internal ear. See Ear. [L.l — Conchology. -kol'- o-jT, n. Science of shells and animals inhabiting them; mal- acology. — Conchol'ogist, n. One versed in, etc. _ Conciliate, kon-sil'T-at, r. t. To win over; to gain from a state of indifference or hostility. — ConciT- ia'tion, n. Act of, etc.; reconciliation. — Concil''- iator. -ter, n. — Conciliatory, -to-rt, a. Tending to conciliate; pacific. Concise, kon-sis / \ a. Expressing much in a few words-, laconic; terse; succinct; condensed: brief and com- prehensive; — used of style in reading or speaking. — Concisely, adv. — Concise 'ness, n — Concision, -sizh'un.M. A cutting off; division; faction; circum- cision. Conclave, kon'klav, n. A private apartment, esp. that where the cardinals meet to electa pope; as- sembly to elect a pope; the body of cardinals; a pri- vate meeting. Conclude, kon-klud', v. t. To close, as an argument. Conch inferring; to bring to an end; to make a final | Condign, "kon-dTn 7 judgment or determination of; to infer, finish, end — v. i. To come to an end, close; to form a final judgment. — Conclusion, -zhun, n. Last part of anything; decision; deduction from premises; an experiment. (Laiv.) End of a pleading; an estoppel or bar by which one is held to a position which he has taken. — Conclusive, -siv, a. Pert, to a close; ending debate or question; final; decisive; defini- tive. — Conclusively, adv. — Conclusiveness, n. Concoet, kon-kokf, v. t. To digest: to mature, per- fect, ripen; to devise, plan, plot. Concomitant, kon-kom'I-tant, a. Accompanying, or conjoined; concurrent; attending. — n. One who is, etc.; an accompaniment. Concord, kon'kSrd, n. A state of agreement ; har- mony; union. (Gram.) Agreement of words with one another, in gender, number, person, or case. (Mus.) A consonant chord; consonance; harmony. — Concordance, -ans, n. Agreement; accordance; a verbal index to a work, in which passages con- taining the same word are arranged alphabetical^, with references to the text.— Concord'ant, a. Agree- ing ; correspondent ; consonant. — ConcordS-ntly, adv. — Concor'dat, a. A compact or agreement, — esp. between the pope and a sovereign for the regu- lation of ecclesiastical matters. Concorporate, kon-kSr'po-rat, v. i. To unite in one mass or body. — a. United in, etc. Concourse, kon' , kors, n. A moving or running to- gether; an assembly; crowd: place of meeting. Concrete, kon'kret, «. United in growth; formed by coalition of particles into one Dody: united in a solid form. (Logic.) Existing in a subject; not ab- stract. — n. A compound or mass formed by con- cretion. (Arch.) A mass of stone chippings, peb- bles, etc., cemented bv mortar. (Logic.) A term designating both a quality and the subject in which it exists; a concrete term. — Concrete', v. i. To unite orcoalesce, as separate particles into a mass. — v. t. To form into a mass. — Concre'tion, n. Act of concreting, mass or solid matter formed by con- gelation, condensation, coagulation, or other like natural process. (Geol.) A nodule, produced by aggregation of material around a center. Concubine, kon'ku-bin, n. A paramour ; a woman who cohabits with a man without being his wife; a wife of inferior condition. Concupiscence, kon-ku'pis-ens, «. Unlawful desire, esp. of carnal pleasure: lust. Concur, kon-ker', ;-■. i. [-cikred (-kerd'), -curring.J To meet in the same point; to act jointly; to unite in opinion, approve. — Concurlence, n. A com- ing together; union; conjunction; joint rights, im- plying equality in different persons.— ConcurSent, a. Acting in conjunction; cooperating: associate; concomitant ; joint and equal in authority. — n. Joint or contributory cause. — Concur'rently, adv. Concussion, kon-kushlm, n. Act of shaking or agi- tating, esp. by the stroke of another body; state of being shaken; shock. Condemn, kon-dem', v. t. [-demxed C-demd'), -deji- aing (-demliing).] To pronounce to be wrong, blame, censure, pronounce judicial sentence against, pronounce unfit for service. — Condem'ner, n. — Condem'nable, a. Worthy of, etc.; blameworthy; culpable. — CondemnaSion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. : reason of a sentence; judgment. — Con- demnatory, -to-rT, a. Bearing condemnation. Condense, kon-clensl v t. [-densed (-densf), -dexs- ing.] To make more close, compact, or dense; to compress, consolidate, thicken. — v. i. To become close: to grow thick or dense. — CondenSate, -sat, v. t. & i. Same as condense. — CondensSr. n. One who. or that which, etc.; esp. (Mack.) a vessel for condensing vapor into a liquid form. See Steam Engine. — CondensSble. a. Capable of being, etc. — Condensa'tion, n. Act of, etc. — CondenSative, -tiv, a. Having power or tendency to, etc. Condescend, kcn-de-sendl v. i. To let one's self down; to relinquish rank, or dignity of character; to recede willingly from one's rights ; to deign, vouchsafe. — Condescendingly, adv. —Condescen- sion, -senShun, n. Act of, etc. ; complaisance ; courtesy; affability. Deserved: merited: suitable. Condiment, konlll-ment, n. Something to give relish to food. Condisciple, kon-dis-sKpl, n. A fellow-disciple; school- fellow. Condition, kon-dishlm, n. State or situation as re- gards external circumstances ; quality ; property ; attribute; that which must exist as the occasion or concomitant of something else; stipulation; article; terms, —v. i. [-ditioned (-dish'und), -tioxing.] To make terms, stipulate. — v. t. To contract, stip- ulate : to impose conditions on.— Condi Sional, a. Containing, implying, or depending on, etc. ; not absolute. (Gram. & Logic.) Expressing a condition or supposition. Condole, kon-doK, v. i. [-doled C-dold'), -doling.] To express sorrow at the pain of another. [L. con and dolere, to grieve.] — CondoKer, n. — Condole'- ment, -dolence, n. Expression of sympathy, etc. Condone, kon-don', v. t. [-doned (-dond'), -doxixg.] (Eccl. Law.) To pardon; to forgive for a violation of the marriage vow. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; Sdd, fcone, or ; CONDOR 77 CONFUSE Condo Condor, kon'dor, n. A large bird of the vulture fam ily, found in the Andes; a gold coin of Chili and the IT. S. of Colombia, worth 10 pesos, or more than $9. Ccndottiere, kon-dot-te-a'ra, n.;pl. -EKi,-a're. In Italy, the leader of a band of mercenary soldiers, living by pillage; a brigand. Conduce, kon-dus', v. t. [-DUCED (-dust'), -DU- . cixg.] To promote, answer, i ■; :' or further an end; to tend, / contribute. — Co n'd u c t , -dukt, n. Act or method of leading, commanding, etc. ; skillful guidance ; generalship ; that which leads, guides, escorts, or brings safely ; convoy ; guard; warrant; manner of guiding one's self ; be- havior; deportment ; demeanor. — Conduct', v. t. To lead or guide, escort, attend; to lead as a com- mander, direct, control: to manage, regulate, carrv. — ?•. i. To behave, act. — Conduet'ible, a.— Coh- duct'ibil'ity, n.— Conduction, -duk'shun, n. {Phys- ics.) Transmission through, or by means of, a con- ductor. — Conductive, -iv, a. Conducting. — Con- ductivity, n. Quality or power of conducting or giving passage to molecular action. —Conductor, -er, n. One who conducts; a leader; guide: man- ager; one in charge of a railroad train. (P/u/sics.) A substance, esp. a metallic rod, forming a medium for the transmission of some substance or fluid, esp. of heat or electricity. — Conduct'ress, n. A woman who, etc. Conduit, kon'- or kun'dit, n. That which conducts or conveys; esp. a pipe, canal, etc. Cone, kon, n. A solid bodv, tapering to a point from a circular base. (Bot.) The conical fruit of evergreen trees, as of the pine, fir, cedar, etc. — Conic, kon'ik, -ical, a. Formed like, resembling, or pert, to, etc. —Conic section. (Geom.) A curve line formed by the intersection of a cone and plane, — a parabola, hy- perbola, or ellipse. — Co'niform, a. Gone-shaped ; conical. — Coniferous, -nif'er-us, a. (Bot.) Bearing cones, as pines, etc. — Co'noid, -noid, r\. Anything cone- shaped. {Geom.) A solid formed by the revolution of a conic section about its axis. — Co'noid, -noid'- al, a. Nearly, but not exactly, conical. Confect, kon'fekt,». A sweetmeat: comfit. — Confec- tion, n. A preparation of fruit, etc., with sugar ; act of making confects. — Confectioner, n. One who makes or sells confections, candies, etc. — Confec'- tionery, -er-T,?i. Sweetmeats in general; confections; candies : place for making or selling, etc. Confederate, kon-fed'er-aC a. United in a league; engaged in a confederacy, — n. A person or nation engaged in a confederacy; an ally. — ?■. t. and i. To unite in a league. — Confederacy, -a-sT, n. A league or covenant ; union between persons or states ; persons, etc., united by a league. (Law.) An unlawful combination ; conspiracy. — Con- federation, ». Act of confederating; league; com- pact for mutual support; parties to a league.— Confed'erative, -tiv, a. Pert, to, etc. Confer, kon-fer', v. t. [-ferred (-ferd'), -ferrixg.] To grant a permanent possession; to bestow, award. — v. t. To discourse or converse seriously ; to com- pare views. — Conference, -ens, n. Act of convers- ing; interchange of views ; meeting for consulta- tion ; interview. Confess, kon-fes', v. t. [-fessed (-fesf), -fessixg.] To acknowledge or admit, as a crime, fault, debt, etc. ; to own or recognize ; to admit as true, assent to. (Eccl.) To declare (one's sins) to a priest, in order to receive absolution ; to hear such confession ; to dis- close or reveal, as an effect its cause. — v. i. To make confession. — Confe3'sion, -fesh'un, n. Ac- knowledgment ; admission of a debt, obligation, or crime. (Eccl.) Act of disclosing sins to a priest. Cone. A formulary stating articles of faith.— Confes'sional, n. The seat where a confessor sits to hear confessions. — Confes'sionalism, -izm, n. The principle of mak- ing confession ; principle of formulating the beliefs of a church into a confession of faith, and exacting acceptance thereof from its members. — Confes - sionary, -a-rT, a. Pert, to auricular confession. — Confess'or,-er, n. One who acknowledges his sins or obligations. (Eccl.) One who professes faith in the Christian religion. A priest who hears confessions. Confide, kon-fid', v. i. To put faith, believe, — v. t. To give in charge. — Confidant', n. m., -fidante', n. /., -i'Y-dant'. A confidential friend. [OF.] — Con'fidence, -fT-dens, n. Act of confiding ; belief in the reality of a fact or integrity of a person ; that in which faith is put : feeling of security; self- reliance ; assurance ; expectation ; hope ; courage. — Con'fidence-man, n. One who appeals to another's confidence in order to swindle him ; a plausible scoundrel. — Con'fident, a. Having confidence ; trustful ; self-reliant ; having an excess of assur- ance; occasioning confidence.— Con 'fidently, adv.— Confidential, -shal, a. Enjoying confidence; com- municated in confidence. — Confiden'tially, adv. Configure, kon-ng'ur, v. t. [-figured (-urd), -urixg.] To arrange or dispose in a certain form, figure, or shape.— Config'ura'tion, ». Externalform. (Astrol.) Relative position or aspect of the planets. [F.] Confine, kon'lin, n. Common boundary ; border ; limit. — Confine'', v. f. [-fixed (-find'), -fixixg.] To restrain within limits : to bound, immure, re- strict. — v. i. To have a common boundary ; to border. — Confme'ment, n. Restraint within limits ; imprisonment; detention by sickness, esp. by child- birth. Confirm, kon-ferm', v. t. [-firmed (-fermd'), -firm- ixg.] To make firm, give strength to, render fixed or certain; to render valid by formal assent. (Eccl.) To administer confirmation to. — Confirm'able, a. — Confirma'tion, n. Act of confirming, or estab- lishing; that which confirms, convincing testimony; ratification. (Eccl.) A rite in Episcopal churches D3 r which one baptized is admitted to the full privi- leges of the church. — Confirm'ative, -tiv, a. Hav- ing power to confirm. — Confirm'atory, -to-rf, a. Serving to confirm ; corroborative ; pert, to the rite of confirmation. Confiscate, kon'fis-kat or kon-fis'kat, v. t. To appro- priate, as a penalty, to public use. — a. Appropri- ated, etc. Conflagration, kon-fla-gra'shun, n. A great fire. Conflict, kon'flikt, ??.. Violent collision ; a striving to oppose or overcome ; the last struggle of life ; pang ; agony. — Conflict', ». i. To strike or dash together, meet in collision, struggle, strive, battle. Confluence, kon'fiu-ens, n. The meeting or junction of streams ; place of meeting : running together of people; crowd. — Con'fluent, a. Flowing together; running one into another ; meeting in a common current or basin. (Bot.) United at the base. — n. A small stream flowing into a large one : place of meeting of streams, etc. — Con'flux, n. A flowing together of currents; assemblage; concourse. Conform, kon-i'6rm', v. t. [-formed (-fchmd'), -form- ixg.] To shape in accordance with, make alike, bring into harmony or agreement with. — v. i. To conduct in accordance, comply, yield, render obe- dience. (Eng. Eccl. Hist.) To be a conformist.— Conforma'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. ; agreement ; harmony ; structure of a body ; form ; make. — Conformist, n. One who complies with the worship of the church of England. — Conform'- ity, -Y-tT, n. Correspondence in character, etc. ; congruitv. (Eng. Eccl. Hist.) Compliance with the usages of the established church. Confound, kon-fownd', v. t. To mingle and blend, so as to be indistinguishable ; to throw into confu- sion : to abash, dismay, defeat, ruin, intermingle. Confraternity, kon-fra-ter'nT-ti, n. A brotherhood. — Confrere, kox'frar, n. An associate. Confront, kon-f runt', v. t. To stand facing, or in front of; to face; to stand in direct opposition to, oppose; to set together for comparison, compare. Confuse, kon-fuz', v. t. [-fused (-fuzd'),-FusiXG.] To jumble together, render indistinct or obscure, dis- stin, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbox, chair, get. CONFUTE CONSCIENCE order, abash, disconcert, perplex, distract. —Con- fusion, -fu'zhun, n. State of being mixed or blend- ed so as to produce indistinctness or error ; loss of self-possession ; shame ; overthrow ; defeat ; ruin. Confute, kon-f uf, v. t. To put to silence ; to prove to be false or defective, disprove, set aside, oppugn. Conge, koN'zha or kon'je, n. Act of taking leave ; parting ceremony ; a bow or courtesy. (Arch.) A molding in form of a quarter round; a cavetto ; apophygee. See Molding. — v. i. [congked (-zhad or -jed), congeing.] To take leave with civilities; to bow or courtesj'. Congeal, kon-jel', v. t. [congealed (-jeldO, -geal- ing.] To freeze, stiffen with cold, or from terror.— v. i. To grow hard or stiff. Congener, kon'je-ner, n. A thing of the same genus, or allied in kind. Congenial, kon-jen'yal, a. Partaking of the same feeling; kindred; sympathetic. — Congen'ite, -jen'- Tt, -ital, a. Of the same birth; begotten together; dating from birth. Conger, kon-'ger, Con'ger-eel, -el, n. A large species of sea-eel. Congeries, kon-je'rY-ez, n. sing, and pi. A collection of particles into one mass ; a heap ; combination. Congest, kon-jest', v. t. To collect into a mass or ag- gregate. — Congestion, -jes'ehun, n. (Med.) An un- natural accumulation of blood in any part of the body. — Congest'ive, -iv, n. Indicating, or attend- ed by, accumulation of blood. Conglomerate, kon-glom'er-at, a. Gathered together in amass; collected. (Bot.) Closely clustered to- gether. (Geo!.) Composed of stones, pebbles, etc.; cemented together. — v. t. To gather into a round body. — ?;. Collection ; accumulation. (Geol.) A rock, composed of pebbles, cemented by mineral substance. — Congloni / era /, tion, n. A gathering into, etc.; accumulation. Congo, kon'go, Con'gou, -gob, n. A black tea, a su- perior quality of Bohea. Congratulate, kon-grat'u-lat, v. t. To wish jov to on some happy event; to felicitate.— Congratulation, n. Act of, etc. — Congrat'ulator, n. — Congratula- tory, a. Expressive of, etc. Congregate, kon/gre-g3t, v. t. To collect into an as- semblage. — v. i. To come together ; assemble ; meet. — Congregation, n. Act of, etc.: collection of separate things; assembly of persons, esp. a re- ligious assembly. — Congrega/tional, a. Pert, to a congregation, to the system of Congregationalism, or, esp., to that of the associated evangelical Trini- tarian Congregational churches; independent.— Con- gregationalism, -izm, n. A svstem of church gov- ernment which vests ecclesiastical power in each local church, as a self-governing body; independ- ency. — Congrega'tionalist, n. Congress, kon'gres, n. A meeting of individuals; esp. of two persons of opposite sexes for sexual inter- course; an assembly, as of deputies, envoys, or com- missioners; the assembly of senators and representa- tives of a nation, esp. of a republic: convention; con- vocation.— Congressional, -gresb/un-al, a. Pert, to, etc. — Congres'sive. -siv, a. Encountering; coming together. — Congress-man, n. ; pi. -men. A member of the U. S. Congress. Congruence, kon'groo-ens, n. Suitableness of one thing to another ; agreement. — Congru'ity, -Y-tY, n. Quality of being, etc.; fitness; harmony. — Con- gruous, «. Having congruity; pertinent; appropri- ate. — Congruously, adv. Conic, Coniferous, etc. See under Cone. Conium, ko'nY-irm j n. (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant, poison hemlock. Conjecture, kon-jek'chur, ». Formation of an opin- ion on presumptive evidence; surmise. — v. r. and i. [-TTRED (-churd), -Turing.] To infer on slight evi- dence, surmise, suspect, guess. — Conjec'turable, a. — Conjec'tural, a. Depending on, etc. — Con- jec'turally, adv. Conjoin. kon-join'', v. t. [-joined (-joind''), -joining.] To join together, associate, connect. — v. i. To unite, join, league. — Conjoint'', a. United; asso- ciated. — Conjoint'ly, adv. Conjugal, kon'ju-gal, -ju'gial, -jY-al, a. Belonging to the marriage state; matrimonial: connubial; nuptial. Conjugate, kon'ju-gat, v.t. (Gram.) To inflect, as verbs. — v. A word agreeing in derivation with an- other. — er. United in pairs; yoked together. (Gram.) Agreeing in derivation with other words. — Conju- gation, n. (Gram.) Act of inflecting, as a verb: a scheme exhibiting all the parts of a verb; a class of verbs inflected in the same manner through their various forms. Conjunct, kon-junkf, a. United; conjoined; concur- rent. — Conjunction, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. (As/ton.) Meeting of two or more stars or planets in the same degree of the zodiac. (Gram.) A connective or connecting word.— Conjunc'tive, -tiv, a. Closely united; serving to unite. (Gram.) Following or introduced by a conjunction; con- tingent. — Con junc 'tively, Conjunctly, adv.— Con- juncture, -junk'chur, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; connection; combination; an occasion or crisis as the effect of the combination or concurrence of circumstances. — Conjunctiva, -tY-va, n. (Anat.) The mucous membrane covering the eye-ball and inner surface_of the lids. [L.] Conjure, kon-joor', v. t. [-jleed (-joordO, -JURing.] To call on or summon solemnly, adjure. — 00^01'- er, n.— Conjure, kun'jer, v. t. To affect, produce, | excite, etc., as if by magic, or by supernatural pow- j er ; to enchant, charm, bewitch. — v.i. To practice magical arts. — Con'jurer, n. One who conjures, or practices magic or legerdemain. — Conjura'tion, n. Earnest or solemn entreaty ; practice of magic arts ; incantation. Connate, kon'nat or kon-naK, a. Born with another; existing from birth. ( Bot.) United in origin; united into one body. — Connas'cence, -sens, -cency, < -sen-sY, n. The common birth off two or more at the same time; £ being produced with another ; act of growing together, or at the same time.— Connas^cent, a. Pro- duced at the same time. — Con- „ natural, kon-nach/er-ral, a. Connate Leaf. Connected by nature ; inborn; inherent ; participa- ting of the same nature. Connect, kon-nekf, v. t. To knit or fasten together ; to establish association between. — v. i. To become coherent, have close relation. — Connect 'edly, adv. — Connection, -nek'shun, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. ; persons or things connected together : continuity ; junction ; dependence ; relationship. — Connective, -iv, a. Having power to connect.— n. (Gram.) A word that connects other words or sentences ; a conjunction. Connive, kon-niv', v. i. [-nived (-nivd r ), -niving.] To close the eyes upon, wink at, forbear to see.— Conniv'ance, n. Voluntary oversight; collusion. Connoisseur, kon-is-ser / ', n. A critical judge or master of any art, esp. of painting, music, and sculpture. Connubial, kon-nu'bY-al, a. Pert, to marriage or the marriage state ; conjugal ; nuptial. Conoid, etc. See under Cone. Conquer, kon/ker, v. t. [-quered (-kerd), -quering.] To acquire by force ; to subdue, vanquish, sur- mount, master. — Con'queror, -er, n. — Conquest, kon'kwest, n. Act of, etc.; thing conquered. (Feu- dal Law.) Acquisition of property otherwise than by inheritance. Consanguineous, kon-san-gwin ,r e-us, a. Of the same blood ; related by birth. — Consanguin'ity, -Y-tY, n. Relationship by birth. Conscience, kon'shens, n. The faculty which decides on the lawfulness of our actions and affections; moral faculty ; moral sense ; determination of con- science ; truth ; justice ; honesty ; reasonableness. — Conscienceless, a. Having no conscience. — Con- scientious, -shl-en'shus, a. Governed by strict re- gard to the dictates of conscience; scrupulous; just; upright. — Conscientiously, adv. — Conscientious- ness, n. — Con'scionafcle, -shun-a-bl, a. Governed by conscience ; just.— Con'scious, -shus, a. Pos- sessing the faculty of knowing one's thoughts or mental operations'; capable of perceiving sounds, acts, or sensations ; made the object of conscious- ness: aware; apprised; sensible.— Con'sciousness, n. Knowledge of what passes in one's own mind; im- 5m, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Yn, ice ; Sdd, t5ne, 6r CONSCRIPT 79 CONSTRAIN mediate knowledge of any object; state in which one knows what is passing around one. Conscript, kon'skript, a. Enrolled; written; regis- tered. — n. One taken by lot. to serve as a soldier or sailor. — Conscript'', v. i. To enroll, by compulsion, for military service. _ Consecrate, kon'se-krat, v. t. To make, or declare to be sacred; to appropriate to sacred uses; to enroll among the gods or saints, apotheosize, canonize; to render venerable, dignifv. — a. Consecrated; de- voted; sacred.— Consecration, n. Act or ceremony of consecrating ; dedication ; canonization ; apothe- osis.— Con'secrator, n. Consecution, kon-se-ku'shun, n. A sequel ; train of things that follow one another. — Consec'utive, -u- tiv, a. Following in a train ; uninterrupted in succes- sion ; following as a consequence or result. (Mus.) Following in the same order. — Consec'utively, adv. — ConSequence, -se-kwens, n. That which flows out of, and follows, something on which it de- pends. (Log-) A conclusion which results from rea- son or argument ; inference ; deduction ; connec- tion of cause and effect. — Consequent, a. Follow- ing as a result or inference. (.Log.) Following by necessary inference, or rational deduction. — n. That which follows, etc. (Log.) A conclusion or inference. (Math.) The second term of a ratio. — Consequently, adv. — Consequential, -kwen'shal, a. Following, etc.; assuming an air of consequence; Sompous. — Consequentially, adv. With just de- uction of consequences; logically; by -consequence; in a regular series; with assumed importance. Consensus, kon-sen'sus, n. Agreement ; accord. — Consent', n. Agreement in opinion or sentiment; correspondence in parts, qualities, or operations; voluntary accordance with what is done or proposed by another; accord; concurrence; free- will. — v. i. To agree in opinion or sentiment; to yield to guid- ance, persuasion, or necessity; to give assent, ac- cede, comply, permit, acquiesce. —Consent 1 ' er, n. Conserve, kon-sSrv', v. t. [-served (-servd'), -serv- ing.] To save, preserve, protect; to prepare with sugar, etc., for preservation, as fruits, etc. — n. Any- thing conserved, esp. a sweetmeat, of fruit, etc., prepared with sugar. — ConserVable, a. Capable of being, etc. — ConservSnt, a. Preserving from destruction or decay. — Conserv'ancy, -sT, Conser- vation, n. Act of, etc. — Conservative, -tiv, a. Preservative; disposed to maintain existing institu- tions. — n. One who, or that which, preserves from ruin, injury, or radical change; one who desires to maintain existing institutions and customs. — Con- servStism, -tizm, n. Disposition or tendency to preserve what is established; opposition to change.— Conservatory, -to-rl, a. Having the quality of pre- serving from loss, decay, or injury. — n. A place for preserving things, esp. a greenhouse for plants; that which preserves from injury; a public place of in- struction in learning or art. Consider, kon-sid'er, v. t. [-sidered (-sid'erd), -er- ING.] To think on with care, fix the mind on; to have regard to, take into view or account; to esti- mate, think, view. — v. i. To think seriously, ma- turely, or carefully, deliberate. — Considerable, a. Possessing consequence; of some distinction; noteworthy; respectable; of importance or value; moderately large. — Consid'erableness, n. Some de- gree of importance, etc. — Considerably, adv. — Considerate, a. Given to consideration or sober reflection; mindful of the rights, claims, and feel- ings of others. — Considerately, adv. — Consider- ateness, n. — Consid'era'tion, n. Act of consider- ing; careful thought; deliberation; appreciative re- gard ; claim to notice ; some degree of consequence; ground of opinion; influence. (Law.) The material cause of a contract ; compensation; equivalent. Consign, kon-sln', v. t. [-signed (-sind'), -signing.] To give, transfer, or deliver, formally; to commit, intrust. (Com.) To give into the hands of an agent for superintendence, sale, etc. To assign, appro- priate. — Consignment, n. Act of, etc. (Com.) Thing consigned; goods sent to a factor for sale; the writing by which a thing is consigned. Consist, kon-sisf, v. i. To be in a fixed or permanent state; to be, exist, subsist; to be consistent or har- monious. — Consistent, a. Possessing firmness or fixedness ; having agreement with itself at different times, or harmony among its parts; accordant; con- gruous ; uniform. Console, kon-soK, v. t. [-soled (-sold''), -soling.] To cheer in distress, comfort, soothe. — Consoler, n.— ConsolSble, a. — Consola'tion, n. Act of comfort- ing or state of being comforted; that which com- forts.— Consolatory, -s5Ka-to-ri, a. Tending to com- fort; pert, to consolation. Console, kon'sol, n. (Arch.) A bracket; a projecting ornament on the keystone of an arch. ( Consolidate, kon-sol'T-dat, v. t. To ' make solid, unite or press together into a compact mass; to unite, as va- rious particulars, into one bodj r , con- dense, compress. — v. i. To grow firm and hard, unite and become solid. — «. Consolidated. Consomme, kox-som-ma'', n. (Cook- Console. ery.) A broth made very strong by boiling. Consonant, kon'so-nant, a. Having agreement? con- gruous; consistent. (Mus.) Harmonizing togeth- er ; accordant. — n. An articulation which is uttered with a more open sound called a vowel; a letter rep- resenting such articulation. — Coneonance, -nancy, n. (Mus.) A pleasing accord of sounds produced simultaneously. Agreement; unison; harmony. Consort, kon'sdrt, n. A companion or partner; esp. a wife or husband ; spouse. — Consort'', v. i. To unite or keep company; associate.— v. t. To join, as in affection, company, etc. Conspectus, kon-spek'tus, n. A general sketch or out- line of a subject; synopsis; epitome.— Gonspic'uous, -u-us, a. Obvious to the eye; manifest; noted; illus- trious. Conspire, kon-spir'', v. i. [-spired (-spird'), -spiring.] To covenant for an evil purpose, plot together; to concur to one end, agree, combine, league, —v. t. To plot, concur in.— Conspiracy, -spTrS-sT, n. A combination of persons for evil; concurrence to one event ; combination ; plot. — Conspir'ator, -ter, n. Constable, kun'sta-bl, n. A high officer in medieval monarchical establishments. (Law.) An officer of the peace, bound to execute warrants of judicial officers. Constant, kon'stant, a. Not liable to change; stead- fast; permanent; perpetual; resolute; firm. (Math. & Physics.) Remaining unchanged or invariable. — n. That which is not subject to change. (Math.) A quantity whose value always remains the same in the same expression. — Constantly, adv. — Con- stancy, -si, n. Quality of being, etc.; freedom from change; firmness of mind, esp. under sufferings, in attachments, or in enterprise ; stability ; resolution. Constellation, kon-stel-la'shun, n. A group of fixed stars; assemblage of splendors or excellencies. Consternation, kon-ster-naehun, n. Amazement or terror that confounds the faculties; horror; amaze- ment. Constipate, kon r stT-pat, v. t. To stop, as a passage, by filling it, and preventing motion through it; to ren- der costive. — Constipa'tion, n. Act of crowding; state of being crowded ; condensation ; costiveness. Constitute, kon'stT-tut, v. t. To cause to stand, es- tablish, enact; to give formal existence to, compose, form ; to appoint, depute, or elect to an office or employment. — ConStituter, n. — Constifuent, -u- ent, a. Serving to form, etc. ; component ; element- al ; having power to elect or appoint. — n. The per- son or thing which establishes, etc. ; component part ; element ; one who assists to appoint or elect a representative to an office. — Constitution, n. Act of constituting ; formation ; state of being ; natural condition; conformation; principles orfundamental laws which govern a state or other organized body of men ; an authoritative ordinance, regulation, or enactment. — Constitutional, a. Pert, to or inher- ent in the constitution; in accordance with, or au- thorized by, the constitution of a government or so- ciety ; regulated by, dependent on, or secured by, etc. ; for the benefit of the constitution, — n. Exer- cise for the constitution, or health. Constrain, kon-stran'', v. t. [-strained (-strand'), -straining.] To secure by bonds, bring into a nar- sttn, cube, full ; moon, fo"ot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. CONSTRUCT 80 CONTRACT row compass, hold back by force, urge with irresist- ible power, necessitate. — Constrain'able. a. — Con- strain'edly, adv. — Constraint, -strant', n. Act of, or state of being, etc. ; thnt which constrains ; compulsion ; urgency. — Constrict', v. t. To draw together into a narrow compass, contract. — Con- stric'tion, re. Act of, or state of being, etc. — Con- strictive, -iv, a. Serving to bind. — Constrict'or, -er,re. That which, etc.; esp. a serpent which sur- rounds its prey with its folds and crushes it. — Con- stringe, -strinj', v. t. [-stringed (-strinjd'), -strin- ging.] To draw together, contract.— Constrin'gent, a. Having the quality of contracting. Construct, kon-strukt', r. t. To put together the constituent parts of ; to devise and put in an or- derly arrangement— Con'struct, a. Formed by, or pert, to, construction, interpretation, or inference. — Constructor, n. — Construction, n. Act of con- structing: act of building, or of devising and form- ing ; fabrication ; composition ; manner of putting together the parts of anything. (Gram.) Syntac- tical arrangement. The method of construing or explaining a declaration or fact ; understanding ; interpretation; sense. — Construct'iveness, n. Ten- dency to, etc. (Phren.) The faculty which leads to the formation of parts into a whole. See Phre- nology.— Construe, -stroo', v. t. [-strued (-strood'), -stkuing.] To exhibit the construction of, as of a sentence or clause ; to interpret, translate. Consubstantial, kon-sub-stan'shal, a. Having the same essence. — Con'substan'tia'tion, n. Identity of substance. (Theol.) The actual presence of the body of Christ with the bread and wine of the Lord's supper. Consul, kon'sul, n. One of the 2 chief magistrates of the Roman republic, after the expulsion of the kings ; one of the 3 supreme magistrates of France from 1799 to 1804 ; an officer appointed by a govern- ment to protect the interests of its citizens abroad. Consult, kon-sult', v. i. To seek opinion or advice, take counsel, deliberate, — v. t. To ask advice of ; to deliberate upon. — Consult'er, re. — Consulta'- tion, n. Act of consulting or deliberating ; a meet- ing, esp. of lawyers or of doctors, to consult. Consume, kon-sum', v. t. [-sumed (-sumd'), -sum- ing.J To destroy, as by decomposition, dissipation, waste, or fire ; to swallow up, absorb, dissipate. — v. i. To waste away slowly.— Consumable, a.— Con- sumption, «. Act of, or state of being, etc. (Med.) A gradual decay or diminution of the body ; esp. a disease seated in the lungs, attended with hectic fever, cough, etc. — Consumptive, -tiv, a. Having the quality of consuming ; destructive ; affected with, or inclined to, consumption. Consummate, kon'sum-mat or -sum'mat, v. t. To bring to completion, raise to the highest point or degree, perfect, achieve.— Consum'mate, a. Carried to the utmost extent ; complete ; perfect. — Con- sum'' mately, adv. — Consumma'tion, re. Act of, etc. ; completion ; close ; perfection. Contact, kon'takt, n. A close union of bodies ; a touching or meeting.— Contagion, -ta'jun, re. Trans- mission of disease from one person to another, by contact; a medium or agency to transmit disease; pestilential influence ; act or means of propagating influence or effect. — Conta'gious, -jus, a. (Med.) Communicable by contact or approach ; infectious; catching. Containing or generating contagion ; pes- tilential ; communicable from one to another. — Contiguous, -u-us, o. In contact ; adjoining. — Contiguously, adv. — Contig'uousness, -tigu'ity, re. State of being, etc. — Contingent, -jent, a. Liable, but not certain to occur ; dependent on what is un- known ; incidental ; casual. (Law.) Dependent for effect on something that may or may not occur. — re. A contingency ; what falls to one in an ap- portionment ; quota ; proportion. _ Contain, kon-tan', v. t. [-tained (-tand'), -taining.] To hold within fixed limits, comprehend, comprise; to be able to hold, inclose, — v. i. To live incon- tinence or chastity. — Content', a. Having the de- sires limited by present enjoyment ; satisfied ; at rest. — v. i. To satisfy the mind of, appease, please, gratify. — re. Satisfaction ; moderate happiness ; that which contents. — Content or Content', re., gen. in pi. That which is contained; power of con- taining ; capacity. — Content'ed, a. Content; satis- fied. — Content'edly, adv. — Content'edness, re. — Content'ment, n. Satisfaction of mind ; acquies- cence ; that which affords satisfaction ; gratifica- tion. — Con'tinent, n. (Geog.) One of the large bodies of land on the globe. The main land of Eu- rope, as disting. fr. the islands, esp. fr. England. — a. Restraining the indulgence of desires or pas- sions, esp. as to sexual intercourse ; temperate ; chaste. Contaminate, kon-tam'T-nat, v. t. To soil, stain, or corrupt by defiling contact ; to pollute, defile, taint. — a. Having defilement; corrupt. Contemn, kon-tem', v. t. [-temned (-temd'), -TEM- ning (-tem'ning).] To consider and treat as un- worthy of regard ; to reject with disdain, despise, scorn.— Contempt', re. Act of, or state of being, etc. (Law.) Disobedience of the rules of a court of justice or legislative body. — Contempt'ible, a. Worthy of, etc. ; abject ; vile ; mean ; base ; pitiful. — Contempt'ibleness, re. — Contempt 'ibly, adv.— Contempt'uous, -u-us, a. Manifesting, etc. ; scorn- ful; insolent; fastidious. — Contemptuously, adv. Contemplate, kon'tem-plat or -tem'plat, v. t. To look at on all sides, regard with care, meditate on, study ; to have in view, as contingent or probable, look forward to, ponder, plan, purpose. — v. i. To think studiously, muse, meditate.— Contem'plative, -tiv, a. Pert, oraddicted to, etc.; studious; thought- ful ; having the power of thought or meditation. — Contem'platively, adv. — Contem'plativeness, n. Contemporaneous, kon-tem'po-ra'ne-us, a. Living, acting, or transpiring at the same time ; contem- porary. — Contem'porary, -po-ra-rT, a. Living, act- ing, or transpiring at the same time. — n. One who lives at the same time with another. Contempt, Contemptuous, etc. See under Contemn. Contend, kon-tend', v. i. To strive in opposition, or in debate, engage in discussion, dispute. — Conten'- tion, re. A violent effort to obtain or resist; strife in debate ; struggle; quarrel; feud; competition; dis- cord. — Conten'tious, -shus, a. Apt to contend; in- volving contention ; quarrelsome ; litigious ; perverse ; peevish. Content, Contentment, etc. See under Contain. Conterminate, kon-ter'mi-nat, -minal, -minous, -nus, a. Having the same bounds or boundaries; contigu- ous. Contest, kon-test', v. t. To make a subject of dispute; to strive earnestly to maintain; to dispute, contro- vert, oppose. (Law.) To resist, as a claim, by course of law. — v. i. To engage in dispute, strife, etc. ; to emulate.— Con'test, re. Earnest dispute; strife; com- bat; battle; debate; difference; strife. — Contest'- able, a. — Contest'ant, re. One who, etc. Context, kon'tekst, n. The parts of a discourse which precede or follow a particular passage. Contiguous, Contingent, etc. See under Contact. Continent. See under Contain. Continue, kon-tin'u, v. i. [-tinued (-tin'ud), -tinu- ing.J To remain in a given place or condition; to be permanent or durable, steadfast or constant; to endure, last, persevere, persist, stay. — v. t. To pro- long, persist in. — Contin'uer, n — Contin'uous, -u- us, a. Without break, cessation, or interruption; constantly prolonged ; extended. — Contin'ual, a. Proceeding without interruption ; very frequent; often repeated; of frequent recurrence; perpetual; incessant. — Contin'ually, adv. — Contin'ua'tion, n. Act of continuing, or the state of being continued ; that which extends, increases, supplements, etc. — Contin'uative, -tiv, n. (Rhet.) A statement express- ing permanence or duration. (Gram.) A connect- ive; conjunction. Contort, kon-t6rt', v. t. To twist together, writhe. — Contor'tion, re. A twisting; partial dislocation of a limb. — Contor'tive, -tiv, a. Expressing contortion. Contour, kon-toor', re. Bounding line; outline; periph- ery. Contraband, kon'tra-band, a. Prohibited by law or treaty; forbidden, — re. Prohibited merchandise or traffic. Contract, kon-trakt', v. t. To draw together or nearer, reduce to less compass; to bring on, be liable to; to am, fame, far, pass oi- opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; 5dd, tone, Or ; CONTRADICT 81 CONVEY make a bargain for; to betroth, affiance. (Gram.) To unite into one long vowel or diphthong, — said of concurrent vowels. — v. i. To be drawn together or reduced in compass; to make an agreement, cov- enant, bargain. — Con' tract, n. An agreement be- tween parties, imposing obligations and conferring rights upon each; covenant; compact; stipulation; obligation; a formal writing containing such agree- ment. ( Gram.) A word in which concurrent vow- els are contracted. — Contraction, re. Act of, or state of being, etc. (Math.) Process of shortening any operation. Anything in a state of abbreviation. ( Gram.) The shortening of a word, by uniting con- current vowels or omitting a vowel or syllable.— Contractor, -er, n. One who, etc.; esp. one who contracts to perform work upon specified terms. Contradict, kon-tra-dikt', v. t. To assert the contrary of, deny; to be contrary to, oppose. — Contradict '- er, n. — Contradiction, n. An assertion of the con- trary to what has been said; opposition or repug- nancy; incongruity; contrariety. — Contradic'tious, -shus, a. Filled with contradictions; inclined to con- tradict. — Contradict'ive, -iv, a. Contradictory.— Contradict'ory, a. Affirming the contrary; imply- ing denial; inconsistent; repugnant. (Logic.) Op- posed in every possible respect, — n. A proposition which denies or opposes another in all its terms; contrariety; inconsistency. — Contradictorily , adv. Contradistinguish, kon-tra-dis-tin'gwish, v. t. [-tin- guished (-gwisht), -guishing.] To distinguish by contrast. — Con'tradistinc'tion, re. Contralto, kon-tral'to, n. (3Ius.) The part sung by the highest male or lowest female voices ; alto or counter-tenor; the voice or singer performing this part. — a. Pert, to, etc. Contrary, kon'tra-ri, a. Opposite; different; contra- dictory; given to opposition; perverse; wayward. (Logic.) Opposed in quality only. — n. A thing of opposite qualities; a proposition contrary to another. Contrast, kon-trast', v. t. To set in opposition, in order to show superiority or give effect. — v. i. To stand in opposition; exhibit contrast.— Con'trast, re. Opposition of things or qualities; comparison by contrariety of qualities. Contratenor, kon'tra-ten-er, re. (3fus.) A middle part between tenor and treble; counter-tenor; contralto. Contravene, kon-tra-ven', v. t. [-vexed (-vend'), -vexing.] To meet in the way of opposition, come in conflict with, contradict, obstruct, oppose. — Ccn- traven'tion, -ven'shun, re. Act of, etc. Contretemps, kox-tr-toN', re. An unexpected acci- dent, creating confusion; mishap. Contribute, kon-trib'ut, v. t. To give to a common stock or for a common purpose. — v. i. To give a part, lend assistance. — Contrib'utor, -ter, n.— Con- trib'utable, a.— Contribution, re. Act of, etc. ; thing contributed. (3Jil.) Imposition levied on a con- quered people. (Lavj.) Payment, by several jointly liable, of their shares of a loss by one of the num- ber, or payment by him for all, with reference to their common liability. Contrite, kon'trit, a. Broken down with grief or pen- itence; repentant; humble; sorrowful.— Contri'tion, -trish'un, re. State of being contrite; deep sorrow for sin; compunction; self-reproach; remorse. Contrive, kon-triv', v.t. [-TKivEDGtrivd'X-TRivixG.] To form by exercise of ingenuity, devise, invent, plan, plot. — i'. i. To make devices, plan.— Con- triv'er, re — Contriv'able, a.— Contriv'ance, re. Act of, etc. ; thing contrived ; an act of cunning; scheme ; invention; project; artifice; shift. Control, kon-trot', re. Orig., a register kept to check another register ; that which serves to check, re- strain, or hinder; power to check; restraining influ- ence; direction; superintendence. —v. i. [-tkolled (-trold'), -trolling.] To restrain, govern, over- power, counteract. [Formerly written comptrol and controul.] — Controller, re. _ One who, .etc. — Con- troller, Comptroller, kon-trol'er, re. An officer ap- pointed to keep a counter register of accounts, or to control or verify* the accounts of other officers. Controversy, kon'tro-ver-sT, re. Maintenance of opin- ions discordant with those of others; dispute; de- bate; hostility. — Con'trovert, v. t. To make matter of controversy; to contest; to debate, deny. — Con'- troverter, -vertist, -ver'sialist, -ver'shal-ist, n. One who, etc. ; a disputant ; polemic — Controvertible, a. Capable of being, etc.— Controvert'ibly, adv. — Controversial, -shal, a. Pert, to, etc.; disputa- tious. — Controversially, adv. Contumacy, kon'tu-ma-sl, re. Persistent obstinacy ; stubborn perverseness. (Law.) Willful contempt of, and disobedience to, lawful summons or rules of court. — Contumacious, -ma'shus, a. Exhibiting contumacy; contemning authority. Contumely, kon'tu-me-lT, re. Rudeness compounded of haughtiness and contempt; reproach.— Contume'- lious, -Ii-us, a. Overbearingly contemptuous; inso- lent; reproachful. — Contume'liously, adv. Contuse, kon-tuz', v. t. [-tused (-tuzd'), -tusixg.] To beat, pound, or bray together ; to bruise by beat- ing.— Contu'sion, -zhun, re. Act of, or state of being, etc. Conundrum, ko-nun'drum, re. A sort of riddle in which some odd resemblance between unlike things is proposed for discovery ; a puzzling question, whose answer involves a pun. Convalesce, kon-va-les', v. i. [-leSced (-lest'), -les- Cing.] To recover health and strength after sick- ness. — Convalescence, -sens, -cency, re. Recovery, etc.; state of a body renewing its vigor after sick- ness. — Convalescent, a. Recovering, etc. —re. One recovering, etc. — Convales'cently, adv. Convene, kon-ven', v. i. [-vexed (-vend'), -vexing.] To come together, meet in the same place, assemble, unite. — v. i. To cause to assemble, call together, convoke ; to summon judicially to meet or appear. — Conven'able, a. — Conven'er, re. — Convenient, -yent, a. Adapted to an end; fit; becoming; afford- ing convenience ; commodious. — Conveniently, adv. — Conven'ience, -yens, -iency, n. State of be- ing, or that which is, convenient ; an accommoda- tion.— Con 'vent, re. A community of recluses de- voted to a religious life ; a body of monks or nuns; a house occupied by such a community ; abbey ; monastery; nunnery.— Conven'tion, re. Act of com- ing together; arbitrary custom; usage; an assembly of delegates for a deliberative purpose; an informal or preliminary compact, as between belligerents, etc. — Conven'tional, a. Formed by agreement; stipu- lated ; growing out of, or depending on, custom; sanctioned by usage. Converge, kon-verj', v. i. [-verged (-verjd'), -ver- GiXG.j To tend to one point, incline and approach nearer together. Converse, re. and a. See under Coxvert. Converse, kon-vers', v. i. [-versed (-versf), -vers- ix g.] To keep company, or have familiarity ; to commune; to talk familiarly, chat. — Con'versant, a. Having customary intercourse ; familiar by use or study; versed; having concern or relation. — Con- versation, re. Familiar intercourse; close acquain- tance ; informal talk : discourse ; colloquy ; confer- ence.— Conversa'tional, a. Pert, to, etc.; colloquial. Convert, kon-vert', v. t. To change from one form, substance, religion, party, use, etc., to another ; to turn, transmute, appropriate.— v. i. To be turned or changed; to undergo a change, be transmuted. — Con'vert, re. One converted from one opinion or practice to another ; esp. one who turns from sin to holiness; proselyte; neophyte; pervert.— Convert'- er, re. — Con 'verse, -vers, n. (Logic.) A proposition produced by interchanging the terms of another. (Math.) A change in the form of a proposition, in- verting its order and making the conclusion the premise. —a. Turned about; reciprocal. — Con '- versely, adv. — Conver'sion, re. Act of changing from one condition to another ; transmutation ; change from one side, party, etc., to another. (Law.) An appropriation of property. (Logic.) Act of inter- changing the terms of a proposition. (Math.) A change of the form of a proposition. (Mil.) A change of front. (Theol.) A radical change of heart or moral character. Convex, kon'veks, a. Rising or swelling into a rounded form. — re. A convex body. SeeLEXS. Convey, kon-va', v. t. [-veyed (-vad'), -veyixg.] To carry from one place to another ; to transfer to an- other, make over; to communicate. — Convey'able, a. — Convey'ance, re. Act of conveying; transmis- sfin, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxboN, chair, get, 6 CONVICT 82 CORD don; transference; instrument or means of convey- ing. {Law.) A written instrument by which prop- erty or title is conveyed from one to another.— Con- vey' ancer, n. (Law.) One who draws up convey- ances 01 property. — Convey'ancing, n. (Law.) Act or practice of, etc.— Convoy', v. t. {-voted (-void'), -voying.j To accompany lor protection.— Con' voy, n. Act of, etc. ; a protecting force accompanying ships or property; the ship or fleet protected; prop- erty' convoyed; a drag or brake upon wheels of a vehicle when going down hill. Convict, kon-vikt', v. t. To prove guilty of an of- fense charged ; to pronounce guilty, as by legal decision; to show by proof; to confute, confound. — Con'vict, n. One proved guilty of crime ; male- factor ; felon ; criminal. — Convic'tion, n. Act of proving, finding, or adjudging guilty; act of con- vincing of error : confutation ; state of being con- vinced, esp. of being convicted of sin, or by one's conscience. — Convict'ive, -iv, a. Fitted to, etc. — Convince', v. t. [-vixced (-vinsf), -yincixg.] To overcome by argument, satisfy by proof, persuade, convict. Convivial, kon-viv'1-al, a. Relating to an entertain- ment; festal; jovial: social; gay. — Conviv'ial'ity, u. Good humor attending festive occasions. Convoke, kon-vok', r. t. [-yoked (-vokt'p, -yoking.] To call together, convene. — Convoca'tion, n. Act of, etc.; assembly or meeting. Convolve, kon-volv', v. t. [-volved (-volvd'), -volv- ing.] To roll together, twist. — Con'volute, -liit, a. (Bot.) Rolled together, or one part on another. — Convolu'tion, n. Act of rolling or winding together, or one thing on another: state of being, etc. Convoy. See under Convey. Convulse, kon-vuls', v.t. [-vuLSED(-vulst'), -yllsing.] To draw or contract violently and irregularly, as the muscular parts of the body; to agitate", rend'.— Con- vul'sion, -shun, n. (Med'.) Unnatural contraction of the muscular parts. Any violent and irregular motion; commotion; disturbance: spasm. — Con- vul'sive, -siv, a. Producing, or attended with, etc. Cony, ko'iil or kun'T, n. _A rabbit. Coo, koo, v. i. [cooed (kood), cooing.] To make a low sound, as pigeons. Cook, k<3ok, v. t. [cooked (kot>kt), cooking.] To prepare, as food for the table, by boiling, roasting, baking, broiling, etc.; to concoct, tamper" with, alter. — v. t. To prepare food for the table.— ?*. One who, etc.— Cook'ery, -er-T. n. Art or practice of, etc. Cooky, kot>k'l, n. A small, thin, sweet cake. Cool, kool, a. Moderately cold ; producing coolness ; calm, or free from excitement by passion ; dispas- sionate; self-possessed: manifesting coldness or dis- like; chilling ; negligent of propriety in minor mat- ters ; impudent, —ji. A moderate state of cold. — v.t. [cooled (koold), cooling.] To make cool or cold ; to moderate the excitement of ; to allay, as passion; to calm, moderate. — r. z. To become less not; lose heat: to become more moderate. — Cool'- er, n. That which cools or abates heat or excite- ment; a vessel in which liquors, etc., are cooled. — Cool'ish, a. Somewhat cool. — Cool'ly, adv. In a ' cool manner. — Cool'ness, n. Cooly, -lie, koo'lT, n. An East Indian porter; a la- borer transported from the East, for service else- where^ Coop, koop, 71. A barrel or cask; a grated box or in- closure for_small animals, esp. poultrv. — ?•. r. [cooped (koont). cooping.] To confine in a coop, orin a narrow compass; to crowd, confine, imprison. — Cooper, krT6p- or koop'er, n. One who makes bar- rels, tubs, etc. — ;;. t. To do cooper's work upon. Cooperate, ko-op'Sr-at, v. ?'. To act or operate jointly with another. — Cobp'era'tion, n. Act of, etc.; con- current effort or labor. — Coip'erative, -tiv, a. Op- erating jointly. — Coop'erator, -ter, n. Coordinate, ko-6r'dT-nat, a. Equal in rank or order ; not subordinate. — v. t. To make coordinate, or equal in rank, to harmonize, — n. A person or thing of the same rank with another, pi. (Math.) Lines, or other elements of reference, by which the posi- tion of a point is denned with respect to fixed lines, or planes, called coordinate axes and coordinate planes. j Coot, koot, n. A short-tailed water-fowl, frequenting lakes and still waters; a stupid fellow; simpleton. I Copal, ko'pal, n. A resinous substance from 2 East i India and S. Amer. trees — used in manufacture of I varnishes. I Copartner, ko-pavt'ner, n. A joint partner; associate; ! partaker.— Copartnership, n. Joint interest or con- I cern; an unincorporated business association. ! Cope, kop, ». A covering for the head; anything ex- I tended over the head, as the vault of the sky; a sacerdotal cloak. (Founding.) The top part of a flask. Cope, kop, v. i. [coped (kopt), coping.] To strive, contend, esp. on equal terms or with success; to match, equal. — v. t. To match one's self against. Coperaican, ko-per'nl-kan, a. Pert, to Copernicus, a Prussian astronomer who taujrht the solar system now received. Copier. See under Copy. Copious, ko'pl-us, a. Large in quantity or amount; abundant; rich; full: exuberant. Copper, kop'per, n. A metal of reddish color, ductile, malleable, and tenacious; a coin, also a vessel, esp. a boiler, made of copper, — v. t. [coppered (-pgrd), -Peking.] To cover or sheathe with copper. — Cop'- peras, n. Sulphate of iron, or green vitriol; a green salt, of a styptic, astringent taste. Coppice, kop' pis, Copse, kops, n. A wood of small growth; underwood; brushwood. — Copse, v. t. To trim or cut, as brushwood. Copt, kopt, n. A descendant of the ancient Egyptians; an Egyptian Christian, esp. of the ancient Mono- physite church. — Cop'tic, a. Pert, to, etc. — n. The language of, etc. Copula, kop'u-ia, n. (Logic.) The word uniting the subject and predicate oi a proposition. — Cop'ulate, -lat, v. t. To unite in sexual embrace. — Copula'- tion, n. Act of coupling; coition.— Cop'ulative, -tiv, a. Serving to couDle. (Gram.) Uniting the sense as well as the words. — n. ( Gram.) A copulative con- junction. — Cop'ulatory, -to-rT, a. Pert, to, etc.; copulative. Copy, kop't, n. A writing like another writing; trans- script; book printed according to the original; one of a series of repetitions of an original work. ( Print.) Manuscript, etc., for the compositor. Anything to be imitated ; a model ; pattern. — v. t. [copied (kop'id), copying.] To write, print, engrave, etc., after an original: to imitate, transcribe, model after. — v. i. To do a thing in imitation of something else. — Cop'yright, -rit, n. An author's exclusive right to print, publish, and vend his own works, f or nis own benefit, during a certain time. — v. t. To secure by copyright, as a book. Coquette, ko-ket', n. A vain, trifling woman, who en- deavors to attract admiration, and gain matrimonial offers, intending to reject her suitor. — Coquet', v. t. To attempt to attract notice, admiration, or love, with a view to disappoint. — v. i. To trifle in love. — Coquet'ry, -rT, n. Affectation of amoroua advances; triflin"; in love. — Coquet'tish, a. Prac- ticing coquetry; befitting a coquette. Coral, kor'al, n. The solid secretion of zoophytes, produced within the tissues of the polyps, consist- ing almost purely of carbonate of lime; a piece of coral; spawn of the lobster, which has the color of coral . Corban, kor'ban, n. An alms-basket. (Jewish Antiq.) An offering or sacrifice devoted to God; vow by whicli one bound himself not to give to, or receive from another, some particular object. Corbeil, Corbel, kdr'bel, n. (Arch.) A bracket of stone, wood, or iron, often carved in the form of a basket, head, etc., projecting f roma wall to support a cornice, parapet, end of an arch, or other structure or mass; the vase ortambor of the Corin- thian column. — Cor'bel, v. t. To furnish with corbels. Corbel. Cord, k6rd, n. A string, or small rope; a solid meas- ure, equivalent to 128 cubic feet; a pile 8 ft. long, 4 ft. high, and 4 ft. broad, — orig. measured with a cord. — v. t. To bind with a cord; to pile up, as wood, for sale by the cord. — Cordeliere, -lyar', n. &m, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 2nd, §ve, tSrm ; In, Ice s Odd, tone, 6r \ CORDATE 83 CORRESPOND A black, knotted silk handkerchief. [F.] — Cordon, kor'doN or kor'don, n. A ribbon borne as a badge of honor. (Arch.) The edge of a stone on the out- side of a building. (Fort.) The projecting coping of the scarp-wall. (Mil.) A series of military posts. [F.J — Corduroy, k6r /, du-roi, n. A thick cotton stuff, corded or ribbed on the surface. Cordate, k6r'dat, -dated, a. (Hot.) Having the form of a heart. — Cordial, kSi-'di-al or kor'jal, a. Pro- ceeding from the heart; hearty; sincere; affection- ate; tending to revive, cheer, or invigorate.— n. Anything that comforts and exhilarates. (Med.) That which invigorates, esp. medicine which does so. (Com.) Aromatized spirit, employed as a bever- age. — Cordiality, n. Sincere affection and kind- ness; warmth of regard; heartiness. Cordovan, kQr'do-van, n. Spanish leather, or goat- skin tanned and dressed; cord wain. — Cordwamer, kSrd'wan-er, n. A worker in cordovan leather; shoemaker. Core, kor, n. The heart or inner part of a thing, esp. of fruit. (Founding.) The internal mold which forms a hollow in casting, — v. t. [coked (kord), coring.] To take out the core or inward parts of. Coriander, ko-rT-an'der, n. A plant whose seeds are considered in medicine as stomachic and carmina- tive. Corinthian, ko-rin'tht-an, a. Pert, to Corinth. (Arch.) Pert, to the Corinthian order of architecture, pro- fusely ornamented. See Capital. Cork, kSrk, n. The outer bark of the cork tree, of which stoppers are made; a stopper for a bottle, jug, etc. — v. t. [corked (korkt), corking.] To stop or furnish with cork. Cormorant, k6r r mo-rant, n. A voracious web- footed sea-bird, of the pelican family; a glut- ton, or gluttonous ser- vant. Corn, korn, n. A single seed of certain plants, as wheat, rye, barley, 35gc and maize; a grain; the various cereal or fari- naceous grains growing .^-p^W. m ears, and used for "Ow&-w.w =*. food ; in Scot., oats; in Cormorant, the U. S., maize, or In- dian corn ; plants which produce corn ; a small, hard particle; a grain. — v. t. [corned (k6rnd), corning. J To preserve with salt in grains, cure by salting ; to form into small grains, granulate ; to feed with grain ; to render intoxicated. Corn, k&rn, n. A hard, horn-like induration of the skin, esp. on the toes. Cornea, kor'ne-a, n. (Anat.) The strong, horny, transparent membrane forming the front part of the eye ball. See Eye. Cornelian, kor-nel'yan, n. A kind of chalcedony. [Often spelled carnelian.] Corner, kor'ner, n. The point where converging lines meet ; angle ; space between converging lines or walls which meet; an inclosed or retired place ; a part ; an embarrassed position. (Stock Exchange.) The condition of a stock or commodity when a future delivery, in excess of the amount in the market, has been undertaken by parties who are therefore compelled to settle with the buyers at ficti- tious rates; a scarcity of a commodity, created for the purpose of increasing profits. — v. t. [cornered (-nerd), -nering.] To drive into a corner, or into a position of difficulty or necessary surrender ; to get control of, — said of stocks. Cornet, k6r'net, n. (Mus.) A wind instrument blown with the mouth ; a species of trumpet ; a certain organ stop or register. A cap of twisted paper, used by grocers. (Mil.) The standard-bearer m a cavalry troop. Cornice, kSr'nis, n. (Arch.) A molded projection finishing the part to which it is affixed. Cornucopia, k&r-nu-ko'pf-a, n. ; pi. -fi^, -pY-e. The horn of plenty, overflowing with fruits and flowers, — an emblem of abundance. Corol, kor'ol, Corolla, ko-rol'la, n. (Bot.) The inner Coronet. part of a flower, surrounding the organs of fructification and composed o f leaves, called petals. — Corollary, -la-rT , n. That t which follows over and above a proposi- tion demonstrated ; an inference; deduc- tion; consequence. Corona, ko-ro ? na, n. ; pi. -xm, -ne. (Arch.) A large, flat member of a cornice. (Anat.) The upper surface, as of a tooth. (Astron.) A luminous appearance surrounding the . moon during a total eclipse of the sun. £i ^ (Bot.) A crown-like margin of the top of p n „„n„ a flower ; an appendage at the top of ^ oroLla - some petals or seeds. (Meteorol.) A circle, around a luminous body. — Coronation, "' l }}fp') ' n. Act or solemnitv of crowning a sov- P eT - a .i ea : ereign. — Cor'oner,"?;. An officer of the ^'.A 1 ^ law appointed to inquire into a violent P elaiea - death. — Cor'onet, n. An inferior crown worn by noblemen; an ornamental headdress. (Far.) The upper part of a horse's hoof. — Coro'nis, n. ( Gr. Gram.) A sign of contraction ['] placed over a word. Corporal, kSr'po-ral, n. (Mil.) The low- est officer of an infantry company. (Naut.) An officer under the master at arms. Corporal, k6r'po-ral, a. Pert, to the body ; having a body or substance; not spiritual; material; bodily. — n. (Eccl.) A linen cloth, to cover the elements in the eucharist. — Cor'porally, adv. — Cor'porate, a. United in an association, and endowed bylaw with rights and liabilities of an individual ; in- corporated ; pert, to a corporation. — Cor'porately, adv. In a corporate capacit}'. — Corporation, n. A body politic or corporate, authorized to act as a single person, and with the capacity of a perpetual succession.— Corporator, n. A member of a cor- poration. — Corpo'real, a. Having a body ; consist- ing of a material body; material. — Corps, kor, pi. korz, n. sing. & pi. A body of men, esp. of troops ; an organized division of an army. — Corps-d'arnv5e, kor / dar / ma, / ', n. A portion of a grand army possessed of all constituents of an independent army. [F., body of the army.] — Corpse, k6rps, Corse, k6rs, n. The dead body of a human being. — Corselet, n. A light breastplate. (Entom.) The part of a winged insect answering to the breast of other animals. \F.] — Cor'set, n. An article of women's dress, inclos- ing the waist ; stays. — v. t. To inclose in, etc. — Corpulent, a. Having an excessive quantity of flesh; fat; pursy; obese.— Corpuscle, kSr'pus-l, n. A minute particle, or physical atom. (Anat.) An animal cell. Corral, kor'ral, n. A yard or inclosure, esp. for cat- tle, etc. — Corral', v. t. To surround and inclose ; to pen, as cattle. Correct, kor-rekK, a. Conformable to truth, recti- tude, propriety, etc.; free from error ; accurate ; ex- act ; regular. — v. t. To make or set right ; to bring to the standard of truth, justice, etc. ; to reprove or punish for faults; to obviate or remove, counteract or change, rectify, punish, chasten. — Correctness, n. — Correction, n. Act of correcting ; emenda- tion cf errors; change for the better; amendment; punishment; discipline; what is substituted in the place of what is wrong; counteraction of what is in- convenient. — Corrigendum, -rt-jen' r dum, n. ; pi. -genua, -da. A word or thing to be corrected. — Corrigible, -rT-jY-bl, a. Capable of being, etc.; de- serving chastisement. — Cor'rigibleness, n. Correlate, kor-re-laf, ;'. i. To have reciprocal or mu- tual relations; to be mutually related. — v. t. To bring into mutual relation ; to make, or regard as, coincident. — Correlative, -tiv, a. Having or in- dicating, etc.; reciprocal. — n. One who, or that which, stands in a reciprocal relation to some other. (Gram.) The antecedent of a pronoun. Correspond, kor-re-spond', v. i. To be adapted, be congruous ; to have intercourse or communication, esp. by letters ; to agree, fit, write. — Correspond'- ent, a. Having correspondence ; suitable ; con- formable. — n. One who corresponds ; one with whom intercourse is carried on by letters. — Corre- eun, cube, full ; moon, io~ot j cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, ehair, get. CORRIDOR 84 COUNT spond'ently, -ingly, adv. In a corresponding man- ner; suitable. — Correspondence, -ency, n. Mutual adaptation of one thing to another ; congruity ; fit- ness ; friendly intercourse ; esp. by letters ; letters between correspondents. Corridor, kor'rl-dor, n. {Arch.) A passage-wa}^ to apartments independent of each other. Corrigendum, Corrigible, etc. See under Correct. Corroborate, kor-rob'o-rat, v. t. To make more cer- tain, confirm. — Corrob'ora'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. ; confirmation. — Corrob'orative, -tiv, a. Corroborating ; confirmatory. — n. A corrobo- rant. — Corrob'' oratory, -to-rT, a. Corroborative. Corrode, kor-rod', v. t. To eat away or consume by de- grees; to canker, gnaw, rust, wear away. — Corro' sive, -siv, a. Eating away ; having the power of | iarly ; a club consuming, or impairing ; acri- ' Cotillon, Coti Costive/kos'tiv, a. Retaining fecal matter in the bow- els; constipated. Costume, kos-tum r or koslum, n. An established manner or st3 r le, esp. of dress; adaptation of acces- sories, as in a picture, poem, etc., to the circum- stances described. Cot, kot, Cote, kot, n. A small house; cottage; hut; also, a shed or inclosure for beasts; a cover for a sore finger. — Cot, Cott, kot, n. A sleeping place of small size; a little bed; cradle; folding bedstead. — Cottage, -tej, n. A small dwelling ; cot; hut. — Cotlager, Cot'ter, n. One who lives in a cottage. Co-tangent. See under Co-secant. Cotemporaneous, etc. See Contemporaneous. Coterie, ko-te-re / ', n. A set of persons who meet fainil- gradually wearin^ monious ; fretting or vexing. — n. That which, etc. Corrugate, korloo-gat, v. t. To form or shape into wrinkles or folds. — a. Shaped into wrinkles; fur- rowed ; contracted. — Corruga'tion, n. A contrac- tion into wrinkles. — Corlugant, a. Able to, etc. Corrupt, kor-rupf, v. t. To change from soundness to putrescence; to putrefy; to change from good to bad, vitiate, debase, entice, bribe. — v. i. To be- come putrid or tainted, rot; to become vitiated, lose purity. — a. Changed, etc.; spoiled; tainted; de- E raved ; perverted. — Corruptible, a. Capable of eing, etc. — n. That which may decay and perish; the human body. — Corruptlbleness, -ibillty, n. I Susceptibility of corruption. — Corruptibly, adv.— Corrup'tion.n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; prod- uct of corruption; putrid matter; putrescence; de- filement; contamination. {Law.) Taint or impurity of blood, by which one is disabled from inheriting or transmitting any estate. Corse, Corselet, etc. See under Corporal; Corsair, kdr'sar, n. A pirate; piratical vessel. Cortege, kor'tazh', n. A train of attendants. Corundum, ko-run'dum, n. (31in.) The earth alumina, Couch, kowch, v t [couched (kowcht), couching.] as found in a crvstalline state. To lay down or deposit; to compose to rest; to put tillion, ko-tiKyun, n. A dance of 8 per- sons; quadrille; tune regulating the dance. Cotton, kot'tn, n. The fibrous down enveloping the seeds of the cotton-plant: thread or cloth maue of cotton. — a. Made of, etc. — v. i To rise with a regular nap. —Cotton flannel. A twilled cotton iab- ric, with along plush nap ; Canton flannel. — Cot- ton'y, -T, a. Downy ; soft, like cotton ; contain- ing, or like, cotton ; cheap looking. — Cof ton-gin, -jin, n. A machine to separate the seeds from cot- ton. plant, n. A plant of several *^» species, growing in warm climates, and *§S> bearing the cotton of commerce. — -seed, n. The seed of, etc.,— yielding j oil and oil-cake. — waste, n. The ref- use of cotton factories. wood, n. (Bot.) An American tree of the pop- lar kind. — v/ool, n. Cotton in its raw state. Cotyledon, kot-T-le'don, n. (Bot.) A seed-lobe of a plant, which involves and nourishes the embryo plant, and p. ' ff „_ „i „ t then perishes. Cotton-plant as found in a crystalline state, Coruscate, kor'us-kat or ko-rus r kat, v. i. To throw off vivid flashes of light; to glitter, gleam, sparkle. Corvet,k6r'vet, Corvette, kor-vet', n. (Xaut.) A sloop of war, ranking below a frigate, and carrying not more than 20 guns. Corypheus, kor'Y-fe'us, n. The chief or leader of a Greek dramatic chorus; any chief or leader. Co-secant, ko-se'kant, n. ( Geom.) F The secant of the complement q of an arc or angle. In the fig- ^- — P~\ /o ure, AD is the secant of the arc CE, and the co-secant of the complement of that arc, or BE. — Co'sine, -sin, n. The sine of the complement of an arc or angle. In the figure, BF Co-secant, Co-tan- is the sine of the arcCF, and gent. the co-sine of EF, the comple- ment of that arc. — Co-tan'gent, n. The tangent of In the figure, E :m Co-sine. the complement of an arc or angle CD is the tangent of the aic CE, and the co-tangent of EB, the complement of that arc. Cosmetic, koz-metlk, -ical, a. Im- proving beauty, esp. of the com- - plexion. — Cosmetic, n. An ex- ternal application, to improve the complexion. Cosmos, koz'mos, n. The universe; the system of law, harmony, and truth combined within 'the universe. — Cosmopolitan, -mop'olite, -lit, n. One who has no fixed residence, but is at home in every place; a citizen of the world; one who regards the interests of mankind rather than of his own class or coun- try; a liberal. Cost, kost, n. Amount paid for anything; charge; ex- pense; whatever, as labor, self-denial, suffering, etc., is requisite to secure benefit; loss of any kind; det- riment; suffering, pi. (Law.) Expenses in litiga- tion.— v.t. [cost, costing.] To require to be given, expended, or laid out for ; to require to be borne, cause to be suffered. — Costly, -IT, a. Of great cost; expensive ; sumptuous. — Costliness, n. Costal, koslal, a. Pert, to the side of the body or ribs. n language, phrase, state. — v.i. To lie down, as on a bed, repose; to lie down for concealment, hide; to bend the body, as in reverence, pain, labor, etc. — n. A place for rest or sleep ; a layer of barley pre- pared for malting. (Tainting, Gilding, etc.) A pre- liminarv layer, as of color, size, etc. Cougar, koo'gar, n. (Zobl.) A species of panther found in southern N. Amer. ; the puma or S. Amer. lion. Cough, kawf, n. A violent effort of the lungs to throw off irritating matter. — v. i. [coughed (kawft), coughing.] To expel air from the throat or lungs with force or noise. — v. t. To expel from the lungs by a cough, eject by a cough, expectorate. Could, kd6d, imp. of can. See Can. Coulter. Same as Colter. Council, kown'sil, n. An assembly for consultation or advice: congress; diet; convention; convocation. — Coun'cil-man, »..; pi. -men. A member of a coun- cil, esp. of the common council of a city. — Couns- ellor, -er, n. A member of a council. Counsel, kown'sel, n. Mutual advisement, instruc- tion, or interchange of opinions; exercise of delib- erate judgment; result of consultation; deliberate purpose; one who gives advice, esp. in legal matters; collectively, the legal advocates united in the man- agement of a case. — v. t. [counseled (-seld), -sel- ing.] To advise, admonish, or instruct. — Coun- selor, -er, n. One who, etc.; an adviser; one who is consulted and gives advice on questions of law; a barrister. — Coun'selorship, n. Count, kownt, v. t. To number, enumerate, reckon, compute; to consider as belonging to one, esteem, ascribe, —v. i. To number or be counted; hence, to swell the number, add strength or influence; to depend, rely. (Law.) To plead orally. — n. Act of numbering, or amount ascertained by numbering; reckoning. (Law.) A statement of a plaintiff's case in court. (Crim. Law.) One of several charges in an indictment. — Counter, kown'tSr, n. One who counts, or keeps an account ; that which indicates a number ; a piece of coin-shaped metal, wood, etc., used in reckoning ; a table on which money is counted, and goods laid for examination by pur- chasers. — Count'er-jump'er, n. A salesman in a am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, ice ; Qdd, tone, or ; COUNT 85 COURT shop. — Countable, a. — Count'less, a. Innumer- able. — Count'ing-house, -room, n. Place for keep- ing accounts, etc., and transacting business. Count, kownt, n. A nobleman in Europe, equal in rank to an English earl. — Countless, n. The con- sort of an earl or count. — Coun'ty, -ti, n. Orig. an earldom; a territorial division of a state, forpurposes of administration, justice, etc. ; a shire. Countenance, kown'te-nans, n. Appearance or ex- pression of the face; aspect; mien; the face; fea- tures ; encouraging aspect ; favor ; aid. — v. t. [-nanced (-nanst), -nancing.] To encourage by a favoring aspect ; to sanction, approve, support. Counter. See under Count, v. t. Counter, kown'ter, a. Contrary; opposite. — adv. Contrary; in opposition; in an opposite direction. [This word is prefixed to many others, chiefly verbs and nouns, expressing opposition.']— n. (Mint.) An arched space in the stern of a vessel. (Mus.) Coun- ter-tenor. (Feu-.) That part of a horse between the shoulders and under the neck. The back-leather or heel part of a boot ; heel stiffening of a shoe. Counteract, kown-ter-akf, v. t. To act in opposition to, hinder, defeat, frustrate. — Counterac'tion, n. Action in opposition; resistance. — Counteractive, -iv, a. Tending to, etc. Counterbalance, kown-ter-bal'ans, v. t. [-balanced (-anst), -ancing.] To oppose with an equal weight, act against with equal power or effect, countervail. — n. Equal opposing weight: equivalent. Counter-brace, kown'ter-bras, n. (Naut.) The brace of the foretopsail on the leeward side of a vessel. Counter-extension, kown'ter-ex-ten'shun, n. (Surg.) Fixation of the upper portion of a limb while ex- tension is practiced on the lower portion, as in cases of fracture or luxation. Counterfeit, kown'ter-fit, v. t. To put on a sem- blance of, esp. for a bad purpose; to imitate without right, and to deceive or defraud: to forge. — v. i. To dissemble, feign. — a. Having resemblance to; fabricated to defraud by passing the false copy for genuine; false, spurious, hypocritical. — n. 'That which, etc.; a likeness; counterpart; one who per- sonates another ; an impostor ; cheat. Counter-indication, kown'ter-in'di-ka'shun, n. (Med.) Any symptom which forbids the use of a particular remedy in disease. Counter-irritate, kown'ter-ir'n-tat, v. t. (Med.) To produce counter-irritation in. — Coun'ter-ir'ntant, n. That which, etc. — Coun'ter-irrita'tion, n. Ir- ritation excited in one part of the body to relieve ir- ritation in another part. Counter-jumper. See under Count, v. t. Countermand, kown-ter-mand', v. t. To revoke, as a former command. — Countermand, n. Revocation of a former command. Counter-mark, kown'ter-mark, n. An additional mark on goods, to afford security or proof. (Far.) An artificial cavity made in the teeth of horses when the crown is worn smooth, to disguise their age. — Counter mar k', v. t. To apply, etc. Counter-mine, kown'ter-min, n. (Mil.) A gallery under ground, from which to destroy the mines of the enemy; means of counteraction. — Counter- mine', v. t. (Mil.) To oppose by a counter-mine. To frustrate by secret and opposing measures, —v. i. To make a counter-mine or counter-plot. Counterpane, kown'ter-pan, -point, n. A coverlet for a bed. Counterpart, kown'ter-part, n. A part corresponding to another part; copy; duplicate; a thing that may be applied to another so as to fit perfectly, as a seal to its impression; hence a person or thing having qualities lacking in another; an opposite. (Mus!) The part arranged in connection with another. Counterpoint, kown'ter-point, n. A cover for a bed. [See Counterpane.] — {Mus.) The art of composing music in parts, the setting of a harmony of one or more parts to a melody. Counterpoise, kown-ter-poiz', v. t. To act against with equal weight, counterbalance. — Coun'terpoise, n. A weight sufficient to balance another; equal power acting in opposition; relation of two such forces; equilibrium; equiponderance. Counter-revolution, kown'ter-rev-o-lu'shun, n. A revolution opposed to a former one, and restoring a former state of things. Countersign, kown'ter-sin, v. t. To sign in addition and opposite to the signature of a principal, — to at- test the authenticity of a writing. — n. The signa- ture of a secretary, etc., to attest authenticity. (Mil.) A private signal "or phrase, which must be given to pass a sentry. — Coun'ter-sig'nal, n. A correspond- ing signal. Countersink, kown'ter-sink, v. t. To form, as a de- pression, to receive the "head of a screw or bolt be- low the surface; to cause to sink, as a screw or bolt, even with or below the surface, — n. A depression for receiving the head of a screw; a tool for forming such depression. Countervail, kown-ter-vaK, v. t. [-vailed (-valdO, -vailing.] To act against with equal force, power, or effect; to balance, compensate.— Coun'tervail, n. Equal weight, strength, or value; compensation; requital. Countervallation, kown'ter-val-la'shun, n. (Fort.) A chain of redoubts around a fortress, to prevent sor- ties by the garrison; construction of such works. Countess. See under Count, n. Counting-house, Countless, etc. See under Count, v. t. Country, kun'tri, n. A region; region of one's birth, residence, or citizenship ; rural regions, as opp^-to town; inhabitants of a region. (Law.) A jury, as representing the citizens of a country; one's con- stituents, or the public. — a. Pert, to the territory away from a city; rural; rustic; destitute of refine- ment ; rude. — Coun'trified, -tri-fid, a. Having the appearance and manners of, etc. ; uncouth. County. _See under Count, n. Coupe, koo-pa'', n. A compartment in a French dili- gence', or in a railroad carriage ; a four-wheeled close carriage for two persons. Couple, kup'l, n. Two things of the same kind con- nected or taken together; a betrothed or married pair; brace. — v. t. [coupled (kup'ld), coupling.] To link or connect together, join; to unite as male and female, marry. — v. i. To come together as male and female, form a sexual union, embrace. — Coupler, n. — Coup'let, ??. Two lines of verse that rhyme with each other. — Coupling, n. Act of bringing or coming together ; connection ; sexual union. (Mach.) That which couples one thing with another, as a hook, chain, etc. Coupon, koo'pon or -poN, n. ( Com.) An interest cer- tificate attached to a transferable bond, to be cut off for payment when interest is due. Courage, kur'ej, n. The quality enabling one to en- counter danger without fear ; bravery ; daring ; resolution. — Coura'geous, -a'jus, a. Possessing, or characterized by, etc.; bold; hardy; enterprising. — Coura'geously. adv. Courant, koo-ranf, -ran'to, n. A piece of music in triple time ; a lively dance ; a newspaper. — Cou'- rier, -rY-er, n. A messenger sent in haste, usually on public business ; an express ; an attendant on travelers, who makes arrangements for them on the way. [F.J — Course, kors, n. Act of moving from one point to another; path traversed; motion considered with reference to its direction; line of progress ; progress from point to point without change of direction; also, one of a succession of motions in different directions considered as one act; orderly progress; methodical action; conduct; behavior; a succession of practices connectedly fol- lowed; part of a meal served atone time. (Arch.) A continued level range of brick or stones through- out the face of a building, pi. The menstrual flux. (Naut.) The principal sails of a ship. See Sails. — v. t. [coursed (k5rst), coursing.] To run, hunt, or chase after, pursue; to run through or over; to cause to run. — v. i. To run, as if in a race or in hunting. — Cours'er, n. One who, etc.; esp. a swift horse. Court, kort, n. An inclosed space; yard or area; resi- dence of a sovereign, nobleman, etc.; palace; per- sons composing the retinue of a sovereign, etc.; as- sembling of the retinue of a sovereign; attention to one in power; conduct designed to gain favor; po- liteness; civility. (Law.) A legal tribunal, includ- ing judges, jury, lawyers, sheriffs, etc.; the judge in sun, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. COUSIN 86 CRAKE a case, as (listing, fr. the counsel. The session of a judicial assembly; any jurisdiction, civil, military, or ecclesiastical. — v. t. To seek the favor of, strive to please, pay court to; to seek in marriage, woo; to solicit. — Courteous, kert'yus, a. Of court-like or elegant manners; pert, to, or expressive of, courtesy; well-bred; polite; complaisant, — Courteously, adv. '■ — Court'eousness, n. — Courtesy, kerfe-sT, n, Ele- gance of manners; act of civility or respect; urban- lty; affability; good-breeding; favor or indulgence, as disting. fr. right. — Courtesy, kert'sT, n. A ges- j ture of respect or civility by women. — v. i. [courte- ! SiED (-sid), -syixg.] To"bow the body slightly, with | bending of the knees, as an expression of civility or ! respect. — Courtier, kort'yer, n. One who frequents courts; one who courts favor. — Courtly, a. Pert, to a court; court-like; high-bred; dignified and ele- gant; disposed to favor the great; fawning: obsequi- ! ous; sycophantic. — Court'liness, n. High-breeding: elegance of manners. — Court'ship, n. Act of solic- iting favor by complaisance or flattery; act of woo- ing in love. — Courtesan, kerfe-zan, n. Orig. a fol- lower of the court ; a prostitute ; harlot ; strumpet. Cousin, kuz'n, n. One collaterally related more re- motely than brother or sister; a title given by a king to a nobleman, esp. to one of the council. — Cousin 1 ger'man, -jer'man, n. ; pi. Cousixs-germax. A first cousin; cousin in the first generation. — Cous'inly, a. Like or becoming a cousin. Cove, kov, n. A small inlet, creek, or bay; recess in the sea-shore; a strip of prairie extending into wood- land; recess in a mountain side ; a boy or man. — v. t. {Arch.) To arch over. Covenant, kuv'e-nant, n. A mutual agreement in writing and under seal ; contract; stipulation; a writing containing terms of agreement. (Theol.) The promises of God as revealed in the Scriptures, conditioned on certain terms on the part of man, as obedience, repentance, faith, etc. (Laic.) A form of action for violation of a contract. — v. i. To enter into a formal agreement, bind one's self by con- tract, agree, bargain, stipulate. — v. t. To grant or promise by covenant. Cover, kuv'er. v. t. [covered (-erd), -erixg.] To overspread or envelop; to brood or sit on; to hide from sight, conceal: to place under shelter, protect, defend; to extend over, be sufficient for, compre- hend or include, account for or solve, counterbal- ance; to copulate with,— said of the male; to keep under aim, or aim at point-blank. — n. Anything laid, set. or spread over another; an envelope; lid"; thing which veils or conceals; screen; disguise; con- dition of concealment, shelter, or defense. (Hunt- ing.) Woods, underbrush, etc., which shelter game. A table-cloth and furniture; esp. table furniture for one person at a meal. — Cov'erer. n. — Cov'erlet, n. The uppermost cover of a bed. — Cov'ert, a. Covered over: hid; sheltered. (Law.) Undercover, authority, or protection, as a married woman. — n A place which covers and protects; shelter: defense: feathers covering the bases of birds' quills. [OF.] — Cov'erture, -er-chur, n. Covering; shelter; de- fense. (Law.) Condition of a woman during mar- riage, — i. e., under the cover or protection of her husband. Covet, kuv'et, v. t. To wish for eagerly, inordinately, or unlawfully: to long for. hanker after, lust after. — Cov'etable, a. — Cov'eter, n. — Cov'etiveness, -iv- nes, n. (Phren.) Excessive desire of accumulating property ; acquisitiveness. See Phrenology. — Cov'etdus, -us, a. Very desirous; excessively eager; avaricious: penurious; miserly. — Cov'etously, adv. - Cov'etousness, n. Covey, kuv'T, n. An old bird with her brood of young; a small flock of birds; a company; set. Cow, kow, n. ; pi. Cows ; old pi. Kixe". The female Cow, kow, v. t. [cowed (kowd), cowixg.] To depress with fear, sink the spirits or courage. Coward, kow'ard, n. One who lacks courage; a timid j or pusillanimous man; craven; poltroon; dastard. — j a. Destitute of courage; timid; base; pert, to a cow- ! ard ; proceeding from, or expressive of, cowardice. — Cow'ardice, -is, n. Want of courage. — Cow'- 1 ardly, -li, a. Wanting courage; befitting a coward; I timorous ; pusillanimous : mean ; base. — adv. In the manner of, etc. — Cowardliness, n. Cower, kow'er, v. i. [-ered (-erd), -erixg.] To sink by bending the knees; to crouch, esp. through fear. Cowl, kowl, n. A monk's hood or habit; a cap for chimney-tops. A vessel for water, carried on a pole, or cowl-staff, between two persons. Cowry, kow'rT, n. A small shell, used for money in Africa and the East Indies. Coxcomb, koks'kom, n. A strip of red cloth notched like the comb of a cock, on the cap of a licensed fool; the cap itself: a vain superficial pretender to accomplishments; a fop. (Bot.) A plant producing red flowers like a cock's comb.— Cox'combry, -kom- ri, n. The manners of, etc. Coxswain. See Cockswaix, under Cockboat. Coy, koi, a. Shrinking from approach or familiarity; shy; modest; bashful. Coyote, koi-of, n. The prairie wolf. Coz, kuz, n. A contr. of cousin. Cozen, kuz'n, v. t. [cozened (kuz'nd), -exixg.] To cheat, beguile, deceive. Cozy, Cosey, ko'zl, a. [cozier, coziest.] Snug; com- fortable; easy.— n. A woolen covering to retain heat in a tea-pot. — Co'zily, adv. Crab, krab, n. (Zobl.) A crustaceous animal, having the body covered by a crust- like shell orcarapax; it has ten legs, the front pair of which terminate in claws. (Bot.) A wild apple; the tree producing it, — named from its astringent taste. (Jlech.) A crane for moving heavy weights, esp. ships. — Crab'- CraD. apple, n. A small, sour kind of apple. tree, n. The tree bearing, etc. — louse, n. A kind of louse infesting the human body. — Crab'bed, a. Harsh; rough ; peevish ; morose ; difficult ; perplexing ; cramped or scrawled, — said of handwriting. Crack, krak, v. t. [cracked (krakt), crackixg.] To break without entire separation of the parts; to fis- sure; to rend with grief or pain, distress, disorder, derange; to cause to sound abruptly and sharply; to snap; to utter smartly and sententiously; to cry up, extol. — v. i. To be fractured without quite sepa- rating; to go to pieces, be ruined or impaired; to utter a loud or sharp, sudden sound. — n. A partial separation of parts, etc.; a chink; crevice; a sound as of anything suddenly rent; craziness of intellect. — a. Of superior excellence.— Crack '-brained, -brand, a. Impaired in intellect. — Crack'er, n. One who, or that which, cracks; a small firework, ex- ploding with a sharp noise; a kind of hard biscuit- Crackle, krak'l, v. i. To make slight cracks, or small, abrupt, snapping noises, frequently repeated. — Crack'le, Crack'lin, n. A kind of china, having the glaze or enamel apparently cracked in all direc- tions. — Crack'ling, n. Small, abrupt cracks or re- ports; rind of roasted pork. Cradle, kra'dl. n. A rocking bed for infants ; place in which anything is nurtured or protected during immaturity;* infancy. (Agric.) A light framework added to a scythe, to receive grain as cut, and lay it in swaths. (Engraving.) An instrument for pre- paring plates for mezzotints. (Ship-building.) A framework of timbers to support a vessel when out of water. (Surg.) A case for a broken bone. — v. t. [cradled (kra'dld), cradlixg.] To lay, or rock in a cradle; to nurse in infancy; to cut and lay with a cradle, as grain, —v. i. To'lie or lodge, as in a cra- dle. (Mining.) A machine rocked by the hand for washing out auriferous earth. Craft, kraft, n. Dexterity in manual employment; the employment itself ; a trade ; cunning, art, or skill; artifice ; guile. (Xaut.) Vessels of any kind. — Craft'y, -i, a. Skillful at deceiving ; cunning ; sly : shrewd. — Craft'ily, adv. — Craft'iness, n. — Crafts'man, n. ; pi. -mex. One skilled in a manual occupation ; an artificer ; mechanic. Crag, krag, n. A steep, rugged, broken rock. (Geol.) A partiallv compacted bed of gravel mixed with shells, o_f the tertiary age. Crake, krak, n. (Orniih.) A species of rail frequenting corn, etc., whose cry is a grating croak. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term; In, ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r; CRAM 87 CREED Cram, kram, v. t. [crammed (kramd), cramming.] To stuff, crowd, fill to superfluity ; to fill with food Crane. beyond satiety ; to qualify for examination by hasty preparation. — v. i. To eat greedily, stuff ; to make a hasty review of studies. Cramp, kramp, n. A restriction or restraint ; an iron instrument to hold together timbers, stones, etc. ; a piece of wood on which the upper leather of a boot is stretched. (Med.) A spasmodic contraction of a muscle. — v. t. [cramped (krampt), cramp- ing.] To hold tightly pressed together, restrain from free action ; to form on a cramp, as boot legs ; to afflict with cramp. Cran, kran, n. A measure by which fresh herrings are sold, holding about S"A gallons. Cranberry, kran , ber-rT,~n. A red, sour berry, used for making sauce, etc. Cranch. See Craunch. Crane, kran, n. (Ornith.) A wading bird, having long bill, legs, and neck. A machine for moving heavy weights ; an arm turning on a vertical axis, for supporting kettles, etc., over a fire ; a si- phon, or bent pipe, for drawing liquors out of a cask. (Xaut.) ., A piece of wood or iron with ^ two arms, used, in pairs, to stow spare spars in. — v. t. [craned'-* (krand), craning.] To cause to rise ; to raise, as if by a crane. — v. i. To stretch the neck in order to observe something ; to balk at a dangerous leap, etc., show timidity. — Crane's-bill. n. (Bot.) The gera- nium, which has an appendage of the seed-vessel re- sembling the beak of a crane. (Surg.) Long-beaked pincers. — Cran'age, n. Eight of using a crane in loading 1 price paid for the use. Cranium, kra'nT-um, n.; pi. ->-ia, -a. (Anat.) The skull of an animal: brain-pan. — Cra / '- nial, a. Pert, to, etc.— Crani- Ol'ogy, -jT, n. Science of the ^rane. structure of the skull, and its relation to the facul- ties of the mind; phrenology. [Gr. logos, discourse.] — Craniol'ogist, -jist, n. One versed in, etc. ; a phrenologist. Crank, krank, ?i. (Ifach.) A bent axis, serving as a handle to communicate circular motion, or to change circular into reciprocating motion, or the reverse. A bend, turn, or winding ; a conceit con- sisting in a change of tire form or meaning of a word ; a fit of temper ; a whim, absurd notion ; one full of cranks, or deranged. — a. (Xaut.) Liable to careen or be overset, as a ship. Full of spirit; brisk. Cranny, kran'nT, n. A small, narrow opening ; fis- sure ; crevice ; chink : a secret, retired place ; hole. — v. i. To make crannies; to haunt or enter by crannies. — Cran'nied, -nid, a. Full of, etc. Crape, krap, n. A thin, transparent stuff, made of raw silk gummed and twisted, used for mourning garments. — Crap'y, -T, a. Resembling crape. Crash, krash, v. t. [crashed (krasht), crashing.] To break to pieces violently.— v. i. To make a loud, clattering sound, as of many things breaking at once. — n. Mingled sound * of things breaking. Coarse linen cloth. Crass, kras, a. Gross; dense; coarse. — Crass'itude, -t-tud, n. Grossness; thickness. — Crass'ament, n. Thick part of a fluid, esp. of blood; a clot. Cratch, krach, n. A manger or open frame for hay; a crib.— Cratch-cradle. Form of the cratch, made upon the fingers with string; cat's-cradle. Crate, krat, n. A hamper of wicker-work, for crock- ery. Crater, kra'ter, n. The aperture or mouth of a vol- cano. — Crater 'iform, a. Cup-shaped. Craunch, Cranch, kriinch, v. t. rcKAUNCHED(krancht), craunching.] To crush with the teeth, chew nois- ily, crunch. Cravat, kra-vaf, n. A neck-cloth. Crave, krav, v. t. [craved (kravd), craving.] To ask with earnestness and humility; to long for, beg, beseech, implore. Craven, kra'vn, n. One vanquished in battle ; a weak-hearted fellow; coward; dastard. —a. Cow- ardly with meanness; spiritless. Craw, kraw, n. The crop or stomach of fowls. Craw-fish. Cray-fish, kraw'-, kra'fish, n. (Zo'61.) A crustaceous fresh-water animal, resembling the lob- ster, but smaller. Crawl, krawl, v. i. [crawled (krawld), crawling.] To move slowty, as a worm ; or on the hands and knees, as a human being ; to creep ; to advance slowly and feebly ; to have a sensation as if insects were creeping about the body. — n. Act or motion of crawling. Crayon, kra'un, ?i. A piece of chalk, or other soft sub- stance, for drawing; drawing made with pencil or crayon.— v. t. [crayoned (-und), -oning.] To sketch, _as with, etc. Craze, kraz, v. I. [crazed (krazd), crazing.] Orig. to break into pieces, crush ; to confuse, impair ; to de- range the intellect of, render insane. — n. State of craziness; insanity; a strong habitual desire or pas- sion. (Pottery.) A defect in the glaze of earthen- ware, causing it to crack. — Cra'zy, -zT, a. Broken; decrepit; disordered in intellect; deranged.— Cra'- zy bone. The end of the elbow, a blow upon which benumbs the arm. Creak, krek, v. i. [creaked (krekt), creaking.] To make a sharp, harsh, grating sound, as by friction ; f hard substances. — v. t. To produce a creaking sound with. — n. The sound produced. Cream, ki em, n. The unctuous substance forming a scum on the surface ofmilk; the best part of a thing. — v.t. [creamed (kremd), creaming.] To skim or take off by skimming, as cream ; to take off the best part of. — v. i. To become covered with cream, or thick like cream ; to assume the appearance of cream. Crease, kres. n._ A mark made by folding. — v. t. [creased (krest), creasing.] To make a crease in. Creasote. See Creosote. Create, kre-af, v. t. To bring into being, cause to exist, originate ; to be the occasion of, produce ; to make. — Crea'tion, n. Act of, etc. : esp., of bringing the world into existence ; constitution : formation ; thing created, as the universe.— Crea'tionism, -izm, n. Doctrine that the soul is immediately created by God, — opp. to traducianism. — Crea'tor, -ter, n. One who, etc. ; esp. the Supreme Being. — Crea'- tive, -tiv, a. Having power to create, or creating.— Crea'tiveness, ?*.— Creature, kre'chur, n. Thing created; esp. a being created with life: animal; man; one who owes his fortune to another ; a servile de- pendent. Creche, kresh, n. An asylum for very young children during their mothers' working hours". Creed, kred, n. A summary of what is believed ; esp. of Christian belief. — Cre'dence, -dens, n. Reliance of the mind ; trust: belief; credit or confidence. — Cre'dent, a. Believing ; giving credit. — Creden- tial, -shal, a. Giving a title to credit. —«. That which, etc. ; pi- testimonials or certificates showing that one is entitled to credit, or has authority or official powers. — Credible, or. Capable of being believed: worthy of belief . — Cred'ibleness, -ibil / - ity, n. — Cred'ibiy, adv. — Cred'it. n. Reliance on the truth of something said or done: belief ; faith ; reputation derived from the confidence of others; es- teem ; reputation ; authority derived from character or reputation ; influence derived from the confi- dence or favor of others; interest. (Com.) Trust given or received : expectation of future payment ; mercantile reputation. (Book-keeping.) The side of an account on which are entered values received; items entered on such side of an account, — v. t. To confide in the truth of ; put trust in, believe ; to enter upon the credit side of an account, set to the credit of . — Cred'itable, a. Deserving or possess- ing, etc. ; reputable ; estimable. — Cred'itableness, n. — Cred'itably, adv. — Creditor, -er, n. One who gives Ciedit in business matters ; one to whom money is due. — Cred'ulous, -u-lus, a. Apt to be- lieve on slight evidence ; easily convinced or im- posed upon; unsuspecting. — Cred'ulously, adv. — sin, cube, full ; moon, fo"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boxboN, chair, get. CREEK 88 CROOK Cred'ulousnes's, Credu'iity, -lY-ti, n. Readiness to believe without sufficient evidence. Creek, krek, n. A small inlet, bay, or cove ; a small river or brook ; any turn or winding. Creel, krej, n. A wicker basket, for carrying fish. Creep, krep, v. i. [crept, creeping.] To move along, as a reptile does ; to move on hands and knees, crawl; to move slowly, feebly, timorously, or stealthily ; to steal in, insinuate one's self; to fawn; to grow, as a vine, clinging to other support; to have a sensation of insects crawling upon the body. — Creepier, n. One who, or that which, etc.; a vine; a fixture with iron points worn on the shoe to prevent slipping. (Ur/u'th.) A small bird, allied to the wren. pi. An instrument with hooks or claws to drag the "bottom of wells, etc. — Creep Ingly, adv. By creep- ing ; slowly; sneakingly ; ignobly. Cremate, fee-mat', v. t. To burn, esp. a corpse. Creole, kre'ol, n. One born in America, or the West Indies, of European ancestors; one born in tropical America, or adjacent islands, of any color. Creosote, kre'o-sot, n. (Chem.) An oily, colorless liquid, having the smell of smoke, and strong anti- septic properties, obtained from distillation of wood. Crepitate, krep'T-tat, v. i. To burst with a sharp sound, crackle, snap. Crept. See Creep. Crescent, kres'ent, a. Increasing ; growing ; shaped like the new moon. — n. The increasing moon; moon in her first or last quarter; figure of "the new moon, borne in the Turkish flag; the flag itself; the Turkish power. Cress, kres, n. (Bot.) A salad plant of various species. Cresset, kres'set, n. An open lamp, on a beacon, lighthouse, etc., or carried on a pole*. Crest, krest, n. A tuft, or other natural ornament, on an animal's head, as the comb of a cock; the plume or other decoration on a hel- met ; the helmet itself ; the head, as typical of high spirit; pride ; courage. {Her.') An appendage placed over the shield. The rising part of a horse's neck : see Horse. The foamy, feather-like top of a wave. (Fort.) The top line of a slope. — v. t. To furnish or adorn with a crest; to serve as a crest for. Cretaceous, kre-ta'shus, a. Crest. (Her.) Having the qualities of, or abounding with, chalk, j Cretin, kre'tin, n. {Med.) An idiot of a kind fre- i quent in the valleys of the Alps, generally afflicted | also with goiter. Cretonne, kre-ton', n. A fabric having a warp of hemp and woof of flax. Crevasse, kre-vas', n. A crevice or split, as in a gla- cier; a breach in the levee or embankment of a river. — Crevice, -is, n. A narrow opening from a split; a_cleft; fissure; rent. Crew, kroo, n. A company of people associated to- gether; throng: assemblage; a ship's company; the seamen belonging to a vessel. Crew. See_CROw. Crewel, kroo'el, n. Worsted yarn slackly twisted. Crib, krib, n. The manger or'rack of a stall; stall for cattle; inclosed bedstead for a child; bin for stor- ing grain, salt, etc.; a literal translation of a classic author, — v. t. [cribbed (kribd), cribbing.] To shut in a narrow habitation : to pilfer or purloin. — v. i. To crowd together, be confined. — Crib'- bage, -bej, n. A game at cards, in which the dealer makes up a third hand for himself, partly from his j opponent's. — Crib'bage-board, n. A board with] holes, to score the game at cribbage with pegs. — ; Crib'bing, n. (Mining.) A plank lining of a shaft, etc. (Far.) A horse's trick of gnawing the crib. Cribble, krib'bl, n. A coarse sieve or screen. — v. t. i [cribbled (-bid), -bling.] To cause to pass through j a sieve or riddle; to sift. Crick, krik, n. A spasmodic affection, esp. of the neck or back. Cricket, krik'et, n. An orthopterous insect, having a chirping note; a game with bat, ball, and wicket; a low stool. — v. i. To play at cricket. Cried, Crier. See under Cry. Crime, krim, n. A violation of law, divine or human; esp. a gross offense; sin: vice. — Crim'inal, krTm'- i-nal, a. Guilt}' of, involving, or pert, to crime. — n. One guilty of, etc. — Grim, con., abbr. of Crim- inal conversation. (Law.) Adultery. — Criminally, adv. — Criminality, -T-tT, n. Guiltiness. — Crim'- inate, v. t. To charge with, or convict of, crime. Crimp, krimp, a. Easily crumbled. — v. t. [crimped (krimpt), crimping.] To form into ridges, waves, or plaits ; to pinch and hold, seize, decoy. (Cook- ery.) To cause to contract, or to render crisp, as the flesh of a fish, by gashing it, when living, with a knife. — n. One who decoys. — Crimple. krimp'!, v. t. [crimpled (-Id), -ling.] To cause to shrink or draw together, contract, curl, corrugate. Crimson, krim'zn, n. A deep-red color tinged with blue. — a. Of a deep red color. — v. t. [crimsoned (-znd), -soning.] To dye with crimson. — v. i. To become crimson; to blush. Cringe, krini, w. t. [cringed (krinjd), cringing.] To cause to shrink, contract, draw together. —v. i. To draw one's self together as in fear or servility; to bow obsequiously, fawn.— n. Servile civility; a mean bow. Crinite, kri'nTt, a. .Resembling a tuft of hair. — Crin'oline, -lin, n. A lady's stiff petticoat, — orig. of hair-cloth, afterwards expanded by hoops. — Cri- nose', -nos', a. Hairy. Crinkle, krink'l. v. t. [crinkled (-kid), -ling.] To form with short turns or wrinkles. — v. i. To run in and out in short bends. Cripple, kripl, n. One who creeps, halts, or limps. — v. t. [crippled (-pld), -pling.] To deprive of the use of the limbs, esp. of the legs and feet ; to lame, deprive of strength or use, disable. Crisis, kri'sis, n. ; pi. -ses, -sez. The decisive mo- ment; turning-point. (Med.) The change of a dis- ease which indicates recovery or death. Crisp, krisp. a. Formed into stiff curls or ringlets; having windings or indentations ; brittle ; friable; effervescing; sparkling. — said of liquors. — v. t. [crisped (krispt), crisping.] To curl, as the hair; to wreathe, as branches of trees; to wrinkle or curl on the surface or edges. — v. i. To form little curls. Criss-cross, kris'-kros, n. A mark formed by two lines crossing, usually at right angles ; a child's game played" on paper or a state. — adv. In oppo- site directions; with opposition or hindrance. Critic, krit'ik, n. One skilled in judging of the merits of literary or art works ; a connoisseur ; a harsh judge ; carper. — Critical, a. Having skill to iudge of literary or artistic matters; exact; nicely judicious ; captious ; pert, to criticism ; character- ized by thoroughness and a reference to principles; pertaining to, or indicating, a crisis or turning- point; decisive ; of doubtful issue ; attended with risk. — Critically, adv.— Critlcalness, n.— Criti- cise, -siz, v. t. [-cised (-sizd), -cising.] To examine and judge as a critic; to animadvert on. — v. i. To act as a critic, pass judgment, animadvert.— Crit'i- ciser, ■«. — Criticism, -sizm, n. Art of judging of beauties and faults; judgment passed or expressed; detailed examination and review. — Critique', kri- tek', m. Art of criticism ; critical examination or estimate of a work of literature or art; thorough analysis of any subject. [F.]— Crite'rion, -rY-un, n. ; pi. -RIA, -rt-a, or -rions. A standard of judging; approved or established rule, principle, or test, by comparison with which a judgment is formed. Croak, krok, v. i. [croaked (krokt), croaking.] To make a low. hoarse noise in the throat, as a frog or crow; to forebode evil, grumble. — v. t. To utter in a low, hoarse voice. — n. The sound of a frog, raven, etc. — Croak'er, n. One who croaks, com- plains, or habitually forebodes evil; a small Amer. fish, which croaks when caught. Crochet, kro-sha', n. A kind of netting made with a small hook. — v. t. To do netting with, etc. Crock, krok. n. An earthen vessel ; pot; pitcher: cup; smut collected on pots, kettles, etc. ; soot ; lamp- black. — v. t. To blacken with soot, or with the coloring matter of cloth, —v. i. To give off crock, smudge, blacken. — Crock'ery, -Sr-i, n. Earthen- ware ; vessels of clay, glazed and baked; pottery. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, term ; Tn, ice ; Sdd tone, 6r ; CROCODILE CROWN Crocodile, krok'o-dil, n. A large amphibious reptile of Africa and Asia. Crocus, kro'kus, n. A genus of early flowering plants ; a mineral powder of a deep yellow or red color. Crone, kron, n. An old wom- an, — usually in contempt ; more rarely an aged man. — Cro^ny, -nT, n. Intimate companion; associate ; famil- iar friend. Crook, krook, n. A bend, turn, Crocodile, or curve; device used as a subterfuge; trick; artifice; an instrument bent at the end, esp. a shepherd's or bishop's staff. — r. t. [crooked (krdokt), crook- ing.] To turn from a straight line, make crooked, bend, turn from rectitude, pervert. — v. i. To be bent or curved. — Crook'ed, p. a. Characterized by a crook or curve ; bent ; not straightforward ; per- verse. — _Crook'edly, adv. — Crook'edness, n. Croon, kroon, n. A low, continued moan; murmur; a simple piece of music; plain, artless melody. — v. t. [crooned (kroond), crooning.] To sing in a low tone, hum; to soothe by singing softly. — v.i. To make a continuous noise in a low, hollow tone, as cattle do when in pain; to moan; to hum, sing, or murmur softly. Crop, krop, n. The protuberant stomach of a bird, situated in the breast ; the craw ; the top of any thing, esp. of a plant ; that which is cropped or gathered from a single field, or of a single kind of grain, fruit, etc., or in a single season; fruit; har- vest. — v. t. [cropped (kropt), cropping.] To cut off the ends of, bite or pull off, pluck.— v. i. (Geol.) To appear above the surface, as a seam or bed of coal ; to come to light, be manifest, — with out. — Crop'per, n. A kind of pigeon having a large crop; a hurt by a fall from a horse. (Mech.) A machine for facing cloth by means of spiral knives. — Crops, n. pi. The region above the shoulder in the ox. — Crop'eared, -erd, a. Having the ends of the ears cut off. Croquet, kro-ka/', n. A game in which wooden balls are driven by mallets through hoops arranged on a lawn. Croquette, kro-kef, n. (Cookery.) meat, seasoned, and fried. Crosier, kro'zher, n. The official staff of an archbishop, or bishop. Cross, kros, n. A gibbet, consist- ing of two timbers placed trans- versely; the theological and re- ligious import of the death of Christ; the Christian doctrine; the gospel; the symbol of Christ's death, and hence, of Christianity; affliction regarded as a test of virtue; trial; vexa- tion; disappointment. (Arch.) A cross-shaped ornament. The cross-like mark signed by those unable to write; a mixing of breeds or stock, esp. in cattle-breeding; product of such intermixture. (Surv.) An instru- ment for laying off offsets perpendicular to the main course. —a. Lying athwart; transverse; intersect- ing; adverse; contrary; perverse; unfortunate; peev- ish or fretful; ill-humored; mutually inverse; inter- changed.— v. t. [crossed (krost), crossing.] To put across or athwart; to draw something, as a line, across; to pass from one side to the other of; to run counter to, thwart, clash or interfere with; to debar; to make the sign of the cross upon; to cancel, erase; to mix the breed of. — v. i. To lie or be athwart; to pass from one side toward the other, or from place to place; to interbreed. — Cross'ly, -It, adv. In a cross way; peevishly.— Cross'ness, n. — Cross'' wise, adv. In the form of a cross; across. — Crossing, n. Act by which anything is crossed; act of interbreed- ing; intersection of roads; paved walk across a street. — Cross '-exam'ine, v. t. [examined (-ind), -ining.] (Law.) To examine for the purpose of eliciting facts not brought out in direct examination or controvert- ing the direct testimony. exarn'ma'tion, n. Ex- A ball of minced Crosiers. a. Bishop's. 6. Archbishop's animation of a witness, called by one party, by the opposite party. — (jross'let, n. A small cross. (Her.) A cross whose arms are terminated with small cross- es, or again crossed near the end. — Crucial, kroo'"- shal, a. Formed like, or pert, to, a cross; severe ; searching, as if by suffering on the cross.— Cru'cify, -sT-fT, v. t. [-Cified (-fid), -fying.] To fasten to a cross, destroy the power of, subdue completely. — Crucifixion, -fik'shun, n. Act of, etc.; death on the cross, intense suffering. — Cru'cifix, n. Figure of a cross, with Christ upon it. — Cru'ciform, a. Cross- shaped. (Bot.) Having 4 equal petals, disposed crosswise. — Crucigerous, -sij'er-us, a. Bearing, or marked with, etc. — Crusade, -sad', n. A mediaeval military expedition to recover the Holy Land from the Mohammedans; any expedition for a religious purpose ; a hot-headed or fanatical enterprise. Crotch, kroch, n. Place of division, as of a trunk into branches; fork; a forked piece of wood, metal, etc. — Crotchet, n. A forked piece of wood; crotch. (Mus.) The 3d principal note, equal in duration to J a m i n i m , marked with a hook, the stem H 4-r JSFI Crotchets. of which may turn up or down according to its situ- ation. (Print.) A bracket. See Bracket. A crooked or perverse fancy ; whim ; conceit. — Crotch'ety, -Y, a. Given to crotchets; whimsical. Croton-bug, kro'tun-bug, n. (Entom.) A kind of cock- roach. oil, re. (Med.) A vegetable oil of hot, biting taste, —a powerful drastic cathartic. Crouch^ krowch, v. i. [crouched (krowcht), crouch- ing.] To bend down, stoop or lie low, bend obse- quiously, stoop meanly, fawn, cringe. Croup, kroop, n. The buttocks of quadrupeds, esp. of a horse ; place behind the saddle. — Crupper, Croup- er, krup'er in Airier. ; krup'Sr in Eng., n. The rump of a horse ; a strap under a horse's tail holding the saddle back. — v. t. _ To fit with, etc. — Croupier, kroo'pT-gr or kroo-per'', n. One at the lower end of the table as an assistant-chairman at a dinner; one who watches the cards and collects the money at a gaming-table. [F.] Croup, kroop, n. (Med.) An inflammatory affection of the larynx or trachea, accompanied by a hoarse ringing cough and difficult respiration. Crow, kro, n. A large bird, usually black, uttering a harsh, croaking note ; an iron lever with a claw shaped like a crow's beak; the voice of the cock. — v. i. [imp. crew or crowed; p.p. crowed (krod) or (obs.) crown (kron); crowing.] To make the shrill sound of a cock; to shout in exultation or de- fiance; to brag; to utter a sound of joy, as an infant. — Crow'-bar, n. A bar of iron, used as a lever. — -foot, n. (Bot.) A genus of plants; crow-toe. (Naut.) Cordage suspending an awning. — Crow's'-feet, re. pi. Wrinkles at the outer corners of the eyes. — -nest, n. (Naut.) A look-out place on a mast. Crowd, krowd, v. t. To press or drive together; to fill by pressing, encumber by excess of numbers or quantity ; to press by solicitation, dun, treat dis- courteously. — v. i. To press together in numbers, swarm; to urge or press forward, — re. A number of persons or things closely pressed together; the lower orders of people ; throng ; multitude ; vulgar ; rab- ble. Crown, krown, re. A wreath encircling the head, esp. as a badge of merit, dignity, or power; a jeweled cap or fillet worn on the head as an emblem of sover- eignty; any object sought for as a prize; anything imparting beauty, dignity, or distinction; one enti- tled to a regal or'imperial crown; the sovereign; re- gal or imperial power; sovereignty; royalty; a coin bearing the image of a crown; topmost part of any- thing; the part of a hat above the brim and the flat circular part at the top. (Arch.) The highest mem- ber of a cornice; summit of any part of a building. (Bot.) An appendage at the top of the claw of some petals; the head of a root: see Root. (Want.) That part of an anchor where the arms join the shank; also, bights formed by turns of a cable. — v. t. [crowned (krownd), crowning.] To invest with a crown, or with royal dignity; to adorn, dignify; to sun, cube, full ; moon, fo"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNbON, chair, get. CRUCIAL 90 CUD Crucible. form the topmost part of, complete, perfect. {Mil.) To effect a lodgment upon. — Crown'er, re. Crucial, Crucify, Crucifls., etc. See under Cross. Crucible, kroo'si-bl, n. A chemical vessel or melting-pot. capable of enduring great heat without in- jury. Crude, krood, a. In its natural etate; not cooked or prepared for use; raw; unripe; immature; not reduced to order or form ; undi- gested; hasty and ill-considered; displaying superficial and undi- gested knowledge. (Paint.) Coarsely done : not ac- curately colored. — Crude'ly, adv. — Crude'ness, Cru'dity, -dT-tf, re. Condition of being, or that which is, etc. Cruel, kroo'el, a. Disposed to give pain ; causing, or fitted to cause, pain, grief, or misery; savage; in- human ; pitiless. — Cru'elly, -el-lT, adv. — Cru'elty, -tl, n. Character of being, etc.; a cruel deed. Cruet, kroo'et, n. A small glass bottle for vinegar, oil. etc.; a caster. Cruise. See Cruse. Cruise, krooz, v. i. [cruised (kroozd), cruising.] To go back and forth on the ocean ; to wander hither and thither on land. — n. A voyage without settled course. Cruller, krullSr, n. A kind of crisp sweet-cake boiled in fat. Crumb, krum, n. A small fragment or piece, esp. of bread ; the soft part of bread. — v. t. To break into crumbs or small pieces. — Crum'ble, -bl, n. A very small fragment ; small crumb. — v. t. [crumbled (-bid), -blixg.] To break into small pieces. — v. i. To fall or break into, etc., decay, perish. — Crum'- bly, -bit, a. Easily crumbled ; brittle. — Crum'my, -mT, a. Full of crumbs ; soft ; not crusty. Crumpet, krum'pet, n. A kind of soft bread-cake, not sweetened. Crumple, krum'pl, ?•. r. [-pled (-pld), -fling.] To press into wrinkles or folds, rumple. — v. i. To shrink irregularly, wrinkle. Crunch, krunch, r. i. [crunched (kruncht), crunch- ing.] To chew with violence and noise, craunch ; to grind_or press noisily. Cruor, kroo'or, n. Gore ; coagulated blood. Crupper. See under Croup. Crural, kroo'ral, a. Pert, to the leg; shaped like a leg or root. Crusade. _See under Cross. Cruse, kroos, n. A small cup or bottle. — Cru'set, n. A goldsmith's crucible or melting pot. Crush, krush, ?•. t. [crushed (krusht). crushing.] To press and bruise between hard bodies ; to over- whelm by pressure ; to overcome completely, sub- due, ruin. — v. i. To be pressed into a smaller com- pass by external force ; to be condensed. — re. A violent compression. — Crush'er. re. Crust, krust, n. The hard, external covering of any- thing; any concretion. — ?;. r. To cover with a hard case, or crust ; to incrust, envelop. — v. i. To gather into a hard crust ; to concrete or freeze at the sur- face. — Crusfy, -T, a. Of the nature of crust ; hard ; of a harsh exterior or rough manner; surly; morose. — Crusta'cea, -she-a, re. pi. One of the "classes of articulated animals, including lobsters, shrimps. and crabs, which have a crust-like shell covering the body and legs. Crutch, kruch, n. A staff with a cross-piece, to be placed under the arm for support in walking. Cry, kri. r. ;'. [cried (krid), crying.] To speak, call, or exclaim loudly ; to vociferate, proclaim; to weep and sob; to bawl, as a child; to utter inarticulate sounds, as animals. — ?'. t. To utter loudly or vehe- mently ; to advertise by outcry. — n. A loud utter- ance; outcry; clamor; expression of triumph, won- der, pain, distress, etc. ; public advertisement by outcry ; a pack of hounds. — Cri'er, n. One who, etc. ; esp. an officer who proclaims the orders of a court or gives public notice b\ T proclamation. Cryolite, kri'o-lTt, n. {Min.) A mineral found only in the gneiss of Greenland, which melts easily; com- mercial ore of aluminium. Crypt, kript, n. A subterranean cell or cave ; esp. a Cube. vault under a church, for burial purposes. (Arch.) The space under a building; subterranean chapel; hiding-place.— Cryp'tic, -tical, a. Hidden; secret; occult. — Cryp'togam, n. ( Hot.) A flo werless plant, or one whicn does not fructify by means usual to others. — Cryptog'amy, -ml, n. Concealed fruc- tification. — Crypto g'raphy, -fY, n. Art of writing in secret characters ; secret characters or cipher. — Cryptol'ogy, -]!, n. Secret or enigmatical language. — Cryp'tonym.-nim, a. A concealed name, known only to the initiated. Crystal, kris'tal, re. (Chem. and Min.) The regu- lar form which a substance assumes in solidify- ing : a fine kind of glass ; glass of a watch case. — a." Of, or like, crystal: clear; transparent. — Crys- talline, -lin, a. Of crystal ; having a texture pro- duced by crystallization : resembling crystal ; pure; clear; pellucid. — Crt/stalline humor, or lens. A white, transparent, firm substance, formed like a convex lens, in the vitreous humor of the eye : see Eye. — Crys'taliize, -liz, v. t. [-lized (-lizd), -lizing.] To cause to lorm crystals, or assume crystalline form. — r. i. To be converted into, etc.— CryVtalliza'tion, n. Act of, or thing formed by, etc. — Crystallography, -fT, n. Doctrine or science of, or treatise on, crys- tallization. Ctenoid, ten'oid, ??. A fish having unenameled scales, jagged at the edges. Cubrkub, n. A Young animal, esp. the young of the bear. — v. t. or i. [cubbed (kubd), -bing.] To bring forth (animals). Cube, kub, n. (Geom.) A regular solid body, with six equal square sides. (Arith.) The product of a number multi- plied twice into itself; as, 4x4 =10x4=64, the cube of 4.— v. t. [cubed (kubd), cubing.] To raise to the third power, by multi- plying a number into itself twice. — Cube root. (Arith.) The number or quantity which, mul- tiplied into itself, and then into the product, pro- duces a certain cube: thus, 3 is the cube root of 27. — Cu'bic, Cu'bical, a. Having the form or prop- erties of a cube ; contained, or capable of being contained, in a cube. — Cubic equation. An equation in which the highest power of the unknown quan- tity is a cube. —C.foot. A solid foot, equivalent to a cubical solid, which measures a foot in each of its dimensions. — C. number. A number produced by multiplying a number into itself, and that product by the same number. — Cu'bically, adv. — Cu'bic- alness, n.— Cu'bature, -chur, n. Process of determin- ing the cubic contents of a body. — Cu'biform, a. Cube-shaped.— Cu'boid, -boid'al, a. Having nearly the form of, or resembling, a cube. — Cu^bo-cube, n. (Math.) The 6th power. — Cu'bo-cu'bo-cube, n. 9th power Cubeb, ku'beb, n. A small, spicy, tropical berry, stimulant and purgative. Cubit, ku'bit, n. (An at.) The fore-arm. A measure of length, — the distance from the elbow to the end of the middle finger. Cuckoo, kdok'oo. n. A bird, named from its note, which lays its eggs in other birds' nests. — Cuck'- oo-spit, spit 'tie. n. An exuda- tion o r spume on some plants. esp. about the joints of laven- der and rose- mary. — Cuck'old, n. A man whose wife is u n- faithful.— v.t. To make a cuckold of. Cue umber, ku'kum-ber, American Cuckoo. n. A creeping plant and its fruit. Cud, kud, n. Food brought up into the mouth by am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r ; OUDDLE 91 CURE ruminating animals from their 1st stomach, and chewed a 2d time; a piece of chewing tobacco; quid. Cuddle, kud'dl, v. i. [cuddled (-did), -dling.] To lie close or snug ; to squat, crouch, snuggle. — Cud'- dy, -dT, n. (^aut.) A small cabin in a boat. A very small apartment. Cudgel, kuj'el, n. A short, thick stick ; club. — v. t. [cudgeled (-eld), -eling.] To beat. Cue, ku, n. A tail ; esp. a tail-like twist of hair at the back of the head ; last words of an actor's speech, regarded as a hint for the succeeding player to speak; hint or intimation; the part one is to perform; a straight rod used in playing billiards. Cuff, kuf, v. A blow with the open hand ; a stroke ; box; buffet.— v. t. [cuffed (kuft), cuffing.] To strike with the flat of the hand, as a man ; or with talons or wings, as a fowl. — n. The fold at the end of a sleeve. Cuirass, kwe-ras', re. A piece of armor, covering the body from neck to girdle. — Cuirassier, -ser', n. A soldier armed with, etc. [F.J Cuish, kwis, n. Defensive armor for the thighs. Cuisine, kwe-zen', n. The kitchen ; style of cooking ; cookery. — Cu'linary, -na-ri, a. Pert, to the kitchen or cookery._ Cul-de-sac, koold / sak / ', n. A street closed at one end; a trap. (Jfil.) A position in which an army has no exit but to the front. (JS T at. Hist.) A bag-shaped cavity, or organ, open only at one end. [F^] Cull, kill, v. t. [culled (kuld), culling.] To sepa- rate, select, or pick out. Cullender. See Colander. Culminate, kul'mi-nat, v. i. To reach the highest point of altitude, or of rank, size, numbers, etc. — a. Growing upward, as disting. fr. lateral growth, i — Culmina'tion, n. Attainment of, etc. ; passage I across the meridian; transit. Culpable, kul r pa-bl, a. Deserving censure; worthy of blame; faulty: censurable.— Cul'pabieness, -bil > - ity, -tY, n. — Cul'pably, adv. — CuFprit, n. One ac- cused or convicted of crime ; a criminal. Cultus, kul'tus, Cult, n. Homage; worship; a system I of religious belief, worship, or rites. — Cultivate, ' v. t. To till, fertilize ; to direct special attention j to, foster, cherish ; to improve by labor, care, or study ; to civilize, refine. — Cultivable, a. — Cul- tivation, re. Art or practice of, etc. ; tillage ; fos- ' tering care ; civilization : state of being cultivated ; advancement in physical, intellectual, or moral con- dition: refinement : culture. — Cul'tivator, -ter, re. One who, etc.; an implement used in the tillage of grow- ing crops, to loosen the sur- face of the earth. — Culture, kuKchur, n. Act of, etc. ; cultivation ; refinement of mind or manners. - ing.] To cultivate Culter, kuKter, re. A colter. See Colter. — Cul''- trate, -trated, a. (Bot. & Ornith.) Sharp-edged and pointed, like a pruning knife. Culvert, kill' vert, re. An arched drain for water un- der a road, canal, etc. Cumber, kum'ber, v. t. [-bered (-herd), -Bering.] To hang or rest on as a troublesome weight; to be burdensome or oppressive to: to clog, obstruct, em- barrass, impede. — Cum'bersome, -sum, a. Burden- some or hindering ; not easily managed: oppressive; vexatious. — Cum'bersomely, adv."— Cum^brance, -brans, n. Encumbrance. — Cum'brous, -brus, a. Rendering action difficult; giving trouble. — Cum'- brously, adv. — Cum'brousness, re. — Cu'niulate, -lat, v. t. To heap together; amass. — Cumula'tion, n. Act of, etc. ; a heap.— Cumulative, -tiv, a. Form- ing a mass; aggregated; augmenting:: gaining or giv- ing force by successive additions. (Law.) Given by the same testator to the same legatee, — said of a legacy. — Cu'mulus. n. (Met»or.) One of the four primary forms of clouds, — being massed, and often bringing rain. [L.] — Cu / mulo-stra / 'tus, n. A form of cloud between cumulus and stratus, which is in layers. Cumin, kum'in, n. An umbelliferous plant, resem- bling fennel, and having aromatic seeds. Cultivator. [cultured (-churd), -tur- Cupola. Cunctative, kunk'ta-tiv, a. Causing or prone to de- lay; tardy. Cuneal. ku'ne-al. -neate, -neated, -neafic, -niform, -ne'iform, a. Having the form of a wedge; pert, to the wedge-shaped characters in ancient Persian and Assyrian inscriptions. Cunning, kun'ning, a. Well-instructed ; skillful ; experienced; given to underhand maneuvering; artfully deceitful; sly; crafty ; exhibiting skill or craft; ingenious; curious, — n. Faculty or act of using stratagem ; deceit ; art. Cup, kup, n. A small drinking vessel: contents of a cup; cupful; a drink composed of wine iced and flavored : that which must be endured ; portion ; lot. (Surg.) A cupping-glass, pi. Repeated pota- tions ; revelry ; drunkenness. — v. t. [cupped (kupt), cupping.] To supply with cups. (Surg.) To bleed by scarification and a cupping-glass. — Cup'ping, n. (Surg.) Operation of drawing blood with a cupping-glass. — Cup'ping-glass, n. A glass cup to be applied to the skin, to draw blood by ex- hausting the air. — Cup'bear- er, n. One who fills and hands the cups at an entertainment. — Cup'board, kub'erd, n. A closet with shelves, for cups, plates, etc. — Cu'pel, n. A small vessel used in refining precious metals; a shallow crucible. — Cupel', v. t. To separate bv means of a cupel; refine. — Cu'pola, -la, n. ; pi. -las, -laz. (Arch.) A spher- ical vault on the top of an edifice. The round top of a furnace: the furnace itself. Cupidity, ku-pid'i-tT, n. Eager desire for possession, esp. of wealth; covetousness; lust. Cupreous, ku'pre-us, a. Of or resembling copper ; coppery. — Cupriferous, -er-us, a. Containing or affording copper. Cur, ker, n. A worthless or degenerate dog: a worth- less, snarling fellow — Cur'rish, a. Like a cur; quarrelsome ; churlish — Cur'rishly. adv. Curable, Curate, Curator, etc. See under Cure. Curacoa, koo-ra-so', re. A cordial, flavored with orange-peel, cinnamon, and mace, first made in the island of Curacoa. Curare, -ri, ku-ra're, n. A South American vegetable poison used by Indians upon arrows, etc., — de- stroying control by the nerves of the voluntary muscles. [Written vrari, icoorali, ivourari, etc.] Curb, kerb, n. A check or hindrance; esp. a chain or strap upon a horse's bit, which may be drawn tight- ly against the lower jaw: a wall to hold back amass of earth in its place: a wall set within or round the mouth of a well; a curb-stone. —v. t. [curbed (kerbd), curbing.] To bend to one's will, restrain, confine; to furnish with a curb, as a well; to re- strain by a curb, as a bank of earth. — Curb'roof, n. A roof having a double slope; gam brel roof; mansard roof. — stone, n. A stone placed edgewise against earth or stonework to prevent its giving way. Curd, kerd, n. The coagulated or thickened part of milk, eaten as food, also of any liquid, —v. t. To curdle; congeal. — v. i. To become coagulated or thickened: to separate into curds and whey.— Cur / '- dle, -dl, v. i. and t. [curdled (-did), -dling.] To change into curd, coagulate or concrete; to thicken, congeal. Cure, kur, n. Spiritual charge; care of souls; office of a curate; curacy; medical care; remedial treat- ment of disease ; successful remedial treatment ; restoration to health; remedy; restorative. — v. t. [cured (kurd), curing.] To heal, restore to health, soundness, or sanity; to remedy, remove ; to pre- pare for preservation by drying, salting, etc. — v. i. To effect a cure, be healed.— Cur'able, a. That may be, etc. — Cur'ableness, -abil'ity, n. — Cureless, a. Incurable. — Cur'ative, -tiv, a. Pert, to the cure of diseases ; tending to cure. — Cura'' tor, -ter, n. A superintendent, as of a museum, etc. ; trustee; guardian. [I,.] — Cu'rate, -rat, re. One who has the cure of souls; orig., any clergyman; now, an sun, cube, full ; moon, fo~ot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. CURFEW 92 CUT Curlew. assistant to a rector or vicar. — Culacy, -sY, n. Office or employment of, etc. — Culious, -rY-us, a. Solicitous to be correct; careful; scrupulous; ex- hibiting care; artfully constructed; eager to learn; habitually inquisitive; inviting and rewarding in- quisitiveness ; singular. — Culiously, adv. — Cu r - nousness, n. — Curiosity, -Y-tY, n. State of being, etc.; scrupulousness; disposition to inquire, investi- gate, or seek after knowledge ; inquisitiveness; that which is curious, or fitted to excite or reward attention.— Cure\ ku-ra1«. A curate; parson. [F.] Curfew, kerlu, n. The ringing of a bell at nightfall, orig. a signal to cover fires, extinguish lights, and retire to rest. Curl, kerl. v. t. [curled (kerld), c urling.] To twist or form into ringlets or coils: to deck as with curls; to raise in waves or undulations; to ripple. — v. i. To bend into ringlets, as hair; to move in curves, spirals, or undulations. — n. A ringlet, esp. of hair; an undulating or curving line; flexure; sinuosity; a disease in potatoes, in which the leaves seem curled and shrunk up. — CurKy, -Y, a. Having curls ; tending to curl. — Curlliiess, n. Curlew, kerlu, n. A wading bird, of the snipe kind Curmudgeon, ker-muj'un, n. An avaricious fellow; miser; niggard ; churl. Currant, kurlant, n. A small dried grape, used in cook- ery ; a garden shrub, and its berry. Current, kurlent, a. Run- ning or moving rapidly ; now passing or present, m its progress; circulating through the community; generally received; com- mon.— n. A stream, esp. of a fluid; ordinary pro- cedure ; progressive and connected movement. — Curlently, adv. — Cur'rentness, n. — Curlency, -sY, n. State or quality of being current ; general ac- ceptance ; circulation ; current value ; general esti- mation; money.— Curlicle, -rY-kl, n. A chaise drawn by two horses abreast. — Curric'ulum, n. A race course; a specified course of study. Curry, kurlY, v. t. [curried (kurl-id), currying.] To dress by scraping, cleansing, beating, smoothing, and coloring, — said of leather ; to comb, rub, or cleanse the skin of, — said of a horse. — Curlier, -rY-Sr, n. A dresser of leather.— Curly-comb, -kom, n. An instrument for cleaning horses. Curry, kurlY, n. A kind of sauce used in India, con- taining pepper and other spices; a stew of fowl, fish, etc., with curry sauce. — v. t. To cook with curry. Curse, kers, v. t. [cursed (kerst) or curst, cursing.] To wish evil against, execrate ; to bring evil upon, vex, harass or torment, injure. — v. i. To use pro- fane language, swear. — n. Imprecation of evil ; malediction; imprecation; that which brings evil or affliction ; torment. — Curs^ed, a. Blasted by, or deserving, etc. ; execrable ; hateful. — Curs^edly, adv. Cursive, ker'siv, a. Running: rapid; flowing. — Cur''- sory, -so-rY, a. Characterized by haste ; hastily per- formed ; superficial ; careless. Curt, kert, a. Characterized by brevity ; short ; con- cise; abrupt; crusty. — Curtliess, n. — Curtail, -taK, v. t. [-tailed (-tald r ), -tailing.] To cut short, abridge, diminish. Curtain, kerlin, n. A movable cloth screen or cover- ing intended to darken or conceal. (Fort.) Part of the rampart and parapet between the flanks of two bastions. — v.t. [curtained (-tind'), -taining.] To inclose, or furnish, with curtains. Curule, kulool, a. (Horn. Antiq.) Belonging to a chariot, — said of the chair of certain magistrates, borne in a chariot when they went to council. Curve, kerv, a. Bent without angles; crooked; curved. — n. A bending without an- gles ; thing bent ; a flexure. (Geom.) A line of which no three consecutive points are in the same straight line.— Curve. v. t. [curved (kervd), curving.] To bend, crook- inflect. — v. i. To bend. — Curv'ature, -chur, n Continual flexure of a line or surface from a recti- linear direction. — Curvilin /- eal, -ear, -e-ar, a. Con- sisting of, or bounded by, curve lines. — Cur'vet. 74. A leap of a horse ; a prank ; frolic. — v. i. To make a curvet; to frisk. — v. t. To cause to, etc. Cushion, kush'un, n. A stuffed bag, to sit or recline upon; any stuffed or padded surface, —v. t. [cush- ioned (-und), -ioning.] To seat on, or furnish with, etc. Cusp, kusp, n. (Arch.) A projecting point in the or- namentation of arches, panels, etc.; a pendant of a pointed arch. (Astrol.) First entrance of any house in the calculations of nativities, etc. (Astron.) The point or horn of the crescent. (Math.) The point at which two curves or branches of the same curve meet. — Cuspid, n. (Anat.) One of the canine or eye teeth: see Tooth. —Cuspidal, a. Ending in a point. — Cuspidate, -dated, a. (Bot.) Having a sharp end, like a spear-point. Cuspidor, kuspl-dor, n. A spittoon; an earthenware waste-basket. Custard, kuslard, n. A dish composed of milk and eggs, sweetened, and baked or boiled. Custody, kuslo-dY, n. A keeping or guarding ; esp. judicial or penal safekeeping ; restraint of liberty; confinement ; imprisonment. — Custo'dial, -dY-al, a. Pert, to, etc. — Custo'dian, n. One who has, etc. ; a keeper; superintendent. Custom, kuslum, ?i. Way of acting ; habitual prac- tice ; habitual buying of goods ; business support; patronage. (Law.) Long established practice, or usage, considered as unwritten law, and resting for authority on long consent. The customary toll, tax, or tribute, pi. Duties imposed on commodities im- ported or exported.— Cuslomable, a. Common; sub- ject to the payment of duties.— Cus'tomably, -arily, -rY-lY, adv. In a customary manner ; habitually. — Cuslomary, a. According to custom ; established by common usage; conventional. (Law.) Holding or held by custom. — Cuslomer, n. One who fre- quents a place to buy; a purchaser; buyer. — Cus'- tomhouse, n. The Building where duties are paid, and vessels entered or cleared. Cut, kut, v. t. [cut, cutting.] To separate the parts of with a sharp instrument ; to make an incision in, divide, sever; to hew, as wood; or mow and reap, as grain or corn ; to remove by cutting; to dock ; to shape by cutting, carve, hew out ; to wound the sensibilities of ; to intersect, cross ; to castrate or geld. — v. i. To serve in dividing or gashing; to ad- mit of incision or severance ; to divide, sever, inter- sect, etc. ; to run rapidly ; to divide a pack of cards, to decide the deal or trump. — n. An opening made with a sharp instrument ; a cleft ; gash ; wound ; a stroke with an edged instrument; that which wounds the feelings; a notch, passage, or channel made by cutting ; surface left by a cut ; portion severed or cut oft ; an engraved block ; impression from such an engraving; act of dividing a pack of cards; right to divide ; manner in which a thing is formed ; shape ; fashion. — A short cut. A crosspath which shortens the way. — Cut and dried. Prepared be- forehand ; not spontaneous. — C. glass. Glass hav- ing the surface shaped by grinding and polishing. — To c. a dash, or a figure. To make a display. — To c. capers. To play pranks, frolic. — To c. down. To fell ; to abash, shame ; to lessen, diminish. — To c. out. To remove from the midst ; to shape by cutting, fashion ; to take the place of, supersede. — To c. slwrt. To arrest or check abruptly, abridge. — To c. under. To undersell. — To c. up. To cut to pieces, damage, destroy. — To c. the acquaintance of, or to c. a person. To drop inter- course with, avoid recogniz- ing. — To c. the cards. To divide a pack into portions. — To c. the teeth. To put forth teeth. — To c. across. To pass .through in the most direct way. — To c. in. To divide, or turn a card, for de- termining.— Cutler, n. One who, or an instrument which, etc. ; a front tooth, Cutter. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, tSrm ; Yn, ice ; fidd, tSne, 6r ; CUTE 93 DAG- that cuts; an incisor. (j\~aut.) A small boat used by ships of war ; a sloop-rigged vessel with a bowsprit which may be run in upon deck. A one-horse sleigh. — Cufting, n. Act or operation of, etc. ; something cut, cut off, or cut out, as a twig cut from a stock for grafting ; an excavation cut through a hill. — Cut'off, n. That which cuts off or shortens. (Mach.) An attachment to a steam-engine which cuts off the passage of steam from the steam-chest to the cylinder. Cute, kut, a. Clever; keen; sharp. Cutis, ku'tis, n. (Anat.) The true skin ; a dense resisting membrane, next below the cuticle. — Cu- ta'neous, -ne-us, a. Pert, to, upon, or affecting, the skin.— Cu/ticie, -tl-kl, o. The outer skin; scarf-skin; epidermis. (Bot.) The thin external covering of the bark of a plant. Cutlass, kuflas, n. A broad, curving sword, with but one cutting edge. — Cufler, n. One who makes or deals in cutlery. — Cutlery, -ler-T, ?i. Business of a cutler ; cutting instruments in general, or in the mass. Cutlet, kuflet, n. A piece of meat, esp. of veal or mutton, cut for broiling ; generally part of the rib with the meat belonging to it. Cuttle, kut'tl, Cut'tle-fish, n. A molluscous animal, having ten arms furnished with cu- pules or sucking cups, by which it attaches itself to other bodies. Cycle, si'kl, n. An imaginary circle or orbit in the heavens ; an interval of time in which a certain succession of events is completed, and then returns again and again in the same order. {Bot.) One entire round in a spire or circle. — Cyc'lic, sik'lik, -lical, a. Pert, to, or moving in cycles. — Cy'cloid, n. (Geom.) A curve generated by a point in the plane of a circle when the circle is rolled along a straight line, keeping always in the same plane. — Cycloid'al, a. Pert, to, etc. — Cy'done, -klon, n. A rotatory storm or whirlwind of ex- tended circuit. — Cyclope'dia, -pae'dia, -pe'dT-a, n. The circle or compass of the arts and sciences, or of human knowledge ; a dictionary of arts and sci- ences ; encyclopedia. — Cyclopedic, a. Pert, to the circle of the sciences, or to a cyclopedia ; encyclo- pedic. Cyclopean, si-klo-pCan, a. Pert, to the Cyclops, a mythical race of- one-eyed giants in Sicily; 'gigantic: vast and rough ; massive. {Arch.) Pert, to the "earliest buildings found in Greece, consisting of roushly-hewn, uncemented rocks. Cygnet, sig'net, n. A young swan. Cylinder, siKin-der, n. {Geom.) A solid body which Cuttle-fish. may be generated by the rotation of a parallelogram round one of its sides ; a body of roller-like form, of which the longitudinal section is oblong, and the cross-section circular. — Cylin'dric, -drical, a. Formed like, or having prop- erties of, etc. — Cyliu'driform, a. Formed like, etc. — Cyl'indroid, n. A solid body resembling a right cylinder, but having the bases elliptical. Cymbal, sim'bal, n. A dish-shaped mu- p.. l;T ,jT_ sical instrument of brass, held in the UJ nnQer - hand, and producing, when two are struck together, a ringing sound. Cyme, sTm, n. {Bot.) A flat-topped or convex flower- cluster, like a corymb, except that the inflorescence commences with' the terminal buds. — Cy'mose, -mos, -mous, -mus, a. Containing or in the form of a cyme. — Cym'lrng, n. A squash. Cymric, kim'iik, a. Pert, to the Cymry, or people of Wales, or to their language; Welsh. Cynic, sin'ik, -ical, a. Having the qualities of a surly dog; snarling; surly: austere; pert, to the dog-star; pert, to the philosophers called cynics, or to their doctrines. — Cynic, n. One of a sect of ancient phi- losophers, named from their morose tenets; one who holds views resembling these of the cynics; a snarler; misanthrope. — Cynlcalness, n. — Cynicism, -sizm, n. Practice or principles of a cynic. Cynosure, sin'o-shoor or si'no-shoor, n. The constel- lation of the Lesser Bear, to which, as containing the polar star, the eyes of mariners are often di- rected; anything to which attention is turned; cen- ter of attraction. Cypress, si'pres, n. A coniferous tree, generally ever- green, and having wood remarkable for durability, — anciently used at funerals, and so an emblem of mourning. Cyprian, sip'rY-an, n. A native of Cyprus; a lewd woman; harlot, —a. Pert, to the island of Cyprus, renowned for the worship of Venus; pert, to lewd- ness, or those who practice it. Cyst, sist, n. (Phi/siol.) A pouch or sac, without opening, containing morbid matter. — Cystic, a. Having the form of. or living in, etc.; containing, pert, to, or contained in, etc. — Cyslocele, -sel, m. Hernia of the urinary bladder. Czar. Tzar, zar, n. A king; chief: a title of the em- peror of Russia. — Czarina, za-relia, n. Title of the empress of Russia. — Czarowitz, zaT'o-wits, n. Title of the eldest son of the czar of Russia.— Czarev'na, -na, n. Wife of the czarowitz. Czech, tchek. n. One of a branch of the Slavonic race, including the Bohemians, Hannacks (or Moravians), and Slovacks. D. D, de. The 4th letter in the English alphabet. (Mus.) The 2d note of the scale, corresponding to Re. Lab, dab, v. t. [dabbed (dabd), dabbixg.] To strike gently, as with the hand or a soft or moist substance. — n. A gentle blow; sudden hit; a lump of anything soft, with which something is dabbed: a small, flat fish. — Dab'ber, n. That with which one dabs; an implement used in printing, stereotyping, etc. — Dab'ble, v. t. [dabbled (-bid), -blixg.] To wet bv little dips or strokes, moisten. — v. i. To play in water, as with the hands; to work in a superficial manner, touch here and there, tamper, meddle. Dab, Dabster, dab'ster, n. One skilled at his business. Dabchick. dab'chik, n. A water-fowl allied to the grebe; dipchick; didapper; dobchick; a babyish per- son. Da capo, da-ka r po. (Mus.) A direction to return to, and end with, the first strain, — indicated by D. C. Dace, das, n. A river fish, of silvery color. Dactyl, dak'til, n. (Pros.) A poetical foot of .3 svlla- bles, 1 long, followed by 2 short, or 1 accented fol- lowed by 2 unaccented. Dad, Daddy, dad'dT, n. Father, — a word used by children. — Dad'dy-long-legs, n. A spider having a small round body, and very long, slender legs; the crane-fly. Dado, da'do, n. (Arch.) The die or square part in the middle of the pedestal of a column; that part of an apartment between plinth and impost molding; an arrangement of moldings, or a border of wood or paper, around the lower part of the walls of a room. Daffodil, daf'fo-dil, n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Sarcissus, having a bulbous root, and beautiful flow- ers, usually j r ellow. Daft, daft, a. Delirious; insane; foolish. Dag, dag, n. A dagger; poniard; a kind of pistol for- merly used. — Dag'ger, n. A short sword; poniard. (Print.) A mark of reference in the form of a dag- ger [t], — called also obelisk. — v. t. To pierce with, etc.; to stab. sun, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbox, chair, get. DAG 94 DASH Dag, dag, n. A loose end, as of locks of wool; a leath- er latchet. — Dag'-lock, n. A dirty lock of wool on a sheep. Daguerreotype, da-gSi-'o-tlp, n. A method of taking pictures by photography, on plates of silvered cop- per, etc.; picture so produced, — v. t. [daguerreo- typed (-tipt), -typing.] To represent by the photo- graphic art, as a picture; to impress with great dis- tinctness. Dahlia, dai'ya, n. A genus of flowering plants native to Mexico. Daily. See under Day. Daimio, di'ml-o, n. One of the feudal nobles of Japan. Dainty, danlY, a. Delicious to the taste; toothsome; elegant in form, manner, or breeding; requiring dainties; over-nice; fastidious; ceremonious, — n. That which is delicious, delicate, or nice; delicacy. Dairy, da'rt, n. Place where milk is kept, and made into butter or cheese; business of making butter and cheese. Dais, dais, n. A raised floor at the upper end of the dining-hall; upper table of a dining-hall; seat with , canopy for those at the high table, isy, da'zi, n. A common spring flower. Dale, dal, n. A low place between hills; vale; valley. Dally, dallT, v. i. [dallied (-lid), -lying.] To waste time in effeminate or voluptuous pleasures, or in idleness and trifles; to linger, delay; to interchange caresses; to use fondling or wantonness. —Dal '- liance, -lY-ans, n. Act of, etc. Dam, dam, n. A female parent, —used of beasts, or of a woman, in contempt. Dam, dam, n. A mole, bank of earth, wall, etc., to ob- struct the flow of water. — v. t. [dammed (damd), damming.] To obstruct or restrain the flow of, by a dam; to shut up, confine. Damage, dam'ej, n. Any permanent injury to person, property, or reputation; hurt; loss; mischief; detri- ment, pi. {Law.) A compensation or indemnity to one party, for a wrong or injury done by another. — v. t. [damaged (-ejd), -aging.] To inflict injury upon, hurt, impair. — Damageable, a. — Damn, dam, v. t. (daained (danul), damning (darning or darn'mng).] To condemn; to adjudge to punish- ment or death; to censure. (Theol.) To condemn to punishment in the future world. To condemn as bad, by hissing, etc.— Damned, damd, in serious dis- course damlied, p. a. Sentenced to punishment in a future state; hateful; abominable. — Damna/tion, -na'shun, n. (Theol.) Condemnation to eternal pun- ishment. — Dam liable, a. Worthy of, etc.; odious. Damascene, dam'as-sen, Dam'son, -zn, n. A kind of plum. — Dam'ask, a. Pert, to, originating at, or like, the manufactures of Damascus; having the color of the damask rose. — n. A stuff with raised figures, woven in the loom, — orig. made at Da- mascus, of rich silk, now made of silk intermin- gled with flax, cotton, or wool; linen woven in imi- tation of the figures in damask silk. — v. t. [dam- asked (-askt), -asking.] To decorate with orna- mental figures, as silk with raised flowers, etc., or steel with etchings, or inlaid devices; to embellish, variegate. Dame, dam, n. A lady in rank or culture; the mis- tress of a family in common life; mistress of a com- mon school; a matron. — Dam'sel, -zel, n. A young unmarried woman; girl. Damn, Damnable, etc. See under Damage. Damp, damp, a. Moderately wet; moist; humid. — n. Moisture; humidity; fog; dejection; depression; dis- couragement, pi. (Mining.} Gaseous products, elim- inated in coal-mines, wells, etc. — v. t. [damped (dampt), damping.] To moisten, make humid, ren- der chilly, depress or deject, discourage. — Dampen, dampen, v. t. or i. [-eked (-nd), -ening.] To make or become moist. — Damp'er, n. That which damps or checks ; as a valve in a flue, to regulate the draught of air, or a contrivance in mechanism, to check some action at a particular time. —Damp^ness, w. Mod- erate humidity; moisture. Damsel. See under Dame. Damson. See under Damascene. Dance, dans, v. i. [danced (danst), dancing.] To move with measured steps, or to a musical accom- paniment; to move nimbly or merrily, caper, frisk. — v. t. To cause to dance, dandle, — n. A brisk amusement, in which the movements of persons are regulated by art, in figures and by the sound of in- struments. (Iilus.) A tune by which dancing is reg- ulated. — Dan'cer, n. — Danseuse, dawN-sez', n. A female dancer, esp. at a theater, etc. Dandelion, dan / de-fi / un, n. A plant, with large yellow- compound flowers. Dander, dan'der, n. Corrupt, of Dandruff, q. v. — Anger or vexation. [Low.] Dandle, dan'dl, v. t. [dandled (-did), -dling.] To move up and down in affectionate play, as an in- fant ; to caress, fondle ; to treat as a child, toy with, pet. — Dan'dy, -dT, n. One who affects finery in dress and manner; a fop ; coxcomb.— Dan'dy- ism, -izm, n. Manners and character of, etc. Dandruff, dan'druf, -driff, -der, n. Scurf which forms on the head, and comes off in scales. Danger, dan'jer, n. Exposure to injury, loss, pain, etc.; peril; hazard; risk; jeopardy. — Dan'gerous, -us, «. Attended with, or causing danger. — Dan'- gerously, adv. — Dan'gerousness, n. Dangle, dan'gl, v. i. [-gled (-gld), -gling.J To hang loosely, or with a waving, swinging, or jerking mo- tion. — v. t. To cause to dangle; to swing. Dank, dank, a. Damp; moist; humid; wet. Dapper, dap'per, a. Little and active; nimble; neat in chess; smart. Dapple, dap' pi, a. Marked with spots of different shades of color; variegated, —n. One of the spots on a dapple animal. — v. t. [dappled (-pld), -pling.] To variegate, spot. Dare, dar, v. i. [durst (dSrst), daring.] To have sufficient courage; to be bold enough; to venture. — v. t. [dared (dard), daring.] To have courage for, venture to do; to profess courage to meet; to challenge, provoke, defy, brave. — Daring, a.— Daringly, adv. — Dare'-devil, n. A rash, venture- some fellow. Dark, dark, n. Destitute of light; not reflecting or radiating light; obscure; not easily seen through; mysterious ; hidden ; destitute 01 knowledge and culture; unrefined; evincing foul traits of charac- ter; vile; wicked ; foreboding evil; gloomy; suspi- cious. — n. Absence of light; obscurity; condition of ignorance ; secrecy. — Darken, darken, v. t. [-ened (-nd), -ening.] To make dark or black, obscure, render dim, deprive of vision; to render ignorant or stupid; to render less clear or intelli- gible; to cast a gloom upon; to make foul, sully. — v. i. To grow dark or darker. — Dark'ener, n.— Darkish, a. Somewhat dark ; dusky ; dim.— Darkly, adv. — Dark'ness, n. State of being, etc.; obscurity ; gloom ; secrecy ; state of ignorance or error; wickedness; impurity; want of clearness or perspicuity; calamity; perplexity. — Darkling, a. In the dark. — Dark 'some, -sum, a. Dark; gloomy; obscure. — Dark'y, -t, n. A negro. Darling. See under Dear. Darn, darn, v. t. [darned (darnd), darning.] To mend, as a hole, by imitating the texture of the stuff with thread and a needle. — n. A place mended by darning. Darn, darn, v. t. A substitute for the profane damn. Darnel, darliel, n. A weed, — rye-grass. Dart, dart, n. A weapon thrown by the hand; a javelin; any missile weapon; anything that pierces and wounds. — v. t. To throw with a sudden thrust, hurl, launch; to throw suddenly or rapid- ly ; to send, emit, shoot. — v. i. To be let fly or launched; to start and run with velocity; to snoot rapidly along. — n. A fish, the dace. Darwinian, dar-win'T-an, a. Pert, to the theory of natural selection, struggle for existence, and sur- vival of the fittest, taught by Charles Darwin in his "Origin of Species" and other works. — n. One who believes, etc. ; an evolutionist.— Darlvinism, -winlanism, -izm, n. The doctrine of evolution. Dash, dash, v. t. [dashed (dasht), dashing.] To throw with violence; to break, as by throwing or collision; to put to shame, confound; to throw in or on in a rapid, careless manner, overspread par- tially, touch here and there; to form or sketch rapidly or carelessly ; to erase by a stroke, strike out, obliterate. — v. i. To rush or strike violently. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r j DASTARD 95 DEBARK ■— n. Violent striking 01 two bodies; crash; sudden check; frustration; ruin; an admixture, infusion, or adulteration ; a partial overspreading ; a rapid movement, quick blow, sudden onset; capacity for quick, bold movements against an enemy ; a vain show or blustering parade; aflourish. {Punctuation.) A mark or line, thusf— ], denoting a break, stop, or transition in a sentence, or a change in its construc- tion, a significant pause, or an unexpected turn of sentiment. {Mux.) A mark [9] denoting that the note is to be performed in a short, distinct manner; the line drawn through a figure in the thorough- bass, as a direction to raise that figure half a tone higher. (Raciitr/.) A single trial of speed,— disting. fr. a heat. — Dash' er, n. That which, etc.; a dash- board. — Dash'y, -T, a. Ostentatiously fashionable; showy.— Dash' ingly, udr. Conspicuously. — Dash' - board, -bord, n. A board on the front of a vehicle to intercept mud, etc. Dastard, das'tai d, n. One who meanly shrinks from danger; coward; poltroon. — a. Meanly shrinking; cowardly. Data, da'ta, n. p7. Facts given or admitted; ground of inference or deduction. — Da'tum, n. Something given, esp. as a standard; a datum-line, a horizontal line or level, from which siirface points are reck- oned in surveying. — Date, dat, n. Specification of the time when a writing, coin, etc., was executed; precise period or time of; epoch: end; conclusion; duration; continuance, — v. t. To note the time of writing or executing; to fix the time of; to refer to as a starting point. — v. i. To have beginning, have a date. — Da'tive, -tiv, n. ( Law.) That which maybe given or disposed of at pleasure. (Gram.) The case of a noun which expresses the remoter object, generally indicated in English by to or for with the objective, —a. (Law.) Capable of being disposed of at will and pleasure; removable, as dis- ting. fr. perpetual, — said of an officer; given by a magistrate, as disting. fr. being cast upon a party by the law. Pert, to the dative. Date, dat, n. The fruit of the date-palm. — Date'- -palm, -pam, -tree, n. The genus of palms bearing dates. Daub, dawb, v. t. [daubed (dawbd), daubing.] To smear with soft, ad- hesive matter; to plaster ; to paint in a coarse or unskillful manner ; to dis- guise, conceal. — n. A viscous, sticky application. (Paint.) A picture coarse- ly executed. Daughter, daw'ter, n. A female child or descendant. — Daugh/terly, -IT, a. Be- coming a daughter; filial.— Daugb/ter- Date tree. in-law, n. The wife of one's son. Daunt, dant, v. t. To repress or subdue the courage of, dismay, appall, intimidate. — Dauntless, a. In- capable of being, etc.; bold; intrepid. Dauphin, daw'fin, n. The eldest son of the king of France, and heir of the crown. — Dau'phiness, n. Wife of the dauphin. Davenport, dav'en-port, n. A writing-table. Davit, dav'it or da'vit, n. (Naut.) A spar used on ships, as a crane to hoist the anchor to the top of the bow. pi. Arms projecting over a. ship's side or stern, having tackle to raise a boat by- Davy-lamp, da'vT-lamp, n. A lan- tern whose light is inclosed within wire gauze, as a protection against explosions of gnses in mines, — invented by Sir Humphrey Davy. Daw, daw, n. A bird of the crow family; jackdaw. Dawdle, daw'dl, v. i. [-dled (-did), waste time in trifling employment, trifle, waste by trifling. Dawn, dawn, v. i. [dawned (dawnd), dawning.] To begin to grow light in the morning, or to open and give promise, as the understanding or character.— n. The break of day; first appearance of light; first opening or expansion; beginning. Day, da, n. The period from sunrise to sunset; period of the earth's revolution on its axis, — divided into Davits. -DUNG.] To t. To 24 hours; a specified time or period; day of battle; successful contest; victory. —Daily, dalT, a. Hap- pening orpert. to each successive day; diurnal; quo- tidian.— adv. Every day; day by day.— re. A pub- lication appearing every day. Daze, daz, v. t. [dazed (dazd), dazing.] To over- power with light, dazzle, confuse, bewilder. — Daz- zle, daz'zl, r. 1. [dazzled (-zld), -zling.] To overpower with light ; to surprise with brilliancy or display of any kind- — v. i. To be intensely bright; to be rendered blind or dim by excess of brightness. — Daz'zlingly, -If, adv. Deacon, de'kn, n. (Ecu.) In some communions, one admitted to a grade in the ministry lower than priest or elder; in others, a church officer who assists the pastor at the Lord's Supper, etc. — Dea'coness. n. A woman specially devoted to the service of the church — caring for the sick, etc. — Dea'conry, -rT, -ship, Diaconate, di-ak'o-nat, n. Office or ministry of a deacon or deaconess.— Diac'onal, a. Pert, to, etc. Dead, ded, a. Destitute of life ; put to death ; inani- mate ; resembling death in appearance or quality ; without show of life; without motion; inactive; un- productive ; unprofitable ; dull; monotonous or un- varied; producing death; sure as death; wanting in religious spirit. (Law.) Cut off from the rights of a citizen, or property holder. (Engin.) Not impar- ting motion or power. — adv. To a degree resem- bling death; to the last degree; completely; wholly. — n. The most quiet or death-like time ; period of profoundest repose or gloom, pi. Those who are dead; the departed. — Deadly, -IT, a. Capable of causingdeath; mortal; fatal; destructive; willing to destroy; implacable. — adv. So as to resemble, or to cause, death; mortally; implacably. — Dead'liness, n. — Dead'ness, n. State of being or seeming dead; inertness; coldness; indifference.— Dead'en, ded'n, v. t. [-ened (-nd), -ening.] To impair in vigor, force, or sensibility; to lessen the velocity or mo- mentum of, retard; to make spiritless; to deprive of gloss or brilliancy. Deaf, def or def, a. Wanting the sense of hearing: un- willing to hear ; not to be persuaded. — Deafen, v.t. [-ened (-nd), -ening.] To make deaf, stun. (Arch.) To render impervious to sound, as a floor, by filling the spnee beneath it with mortar, etc. — Deafness, «.— Deaf -mute, n. One deaf and dumb. Deal, del, v. t. [dkalt (delt), dealing.] To divide, distribute ; to throw out or bestow successively or indiscriminately. — v. i. To make distribution; to traffic, trade, carry on business ; to act, have trans- actions with, manage, treat, — n. A part or portion; an indefinite quantity, degree, or extent; division or distribution of cards; portion distributed ; divis- ion of a timber by sawing ; a pine or fir board or plank; wood of the pine or fir. — Deafer, n. One who deals; a trader.— Deaf ing, re. Manner of treat- ing others; trade; distribution, as of cards. Dean, den, n. An ecclesiastical dignitary, subordinate to a bishop; an officer in universities; head or secre- tary of a college faculty.— Dean'ery, -6r-T, n. Office, revenue, residence, or jurisdiction, of a dean. — Dean'ship, n. Office of, etc. — Dec'anal, a. Pert, to a deanery. Dear, der, a. Bearing a high price ; costly ; marked by scarcity, and exorbitance of price ; highly val- ued; much esteemed ; greatly beloved ; precious.— a Iv. Dearly; at a high rate. — n. A dear one; dar- . ling.— Dear'ly, adv.— Dear'ness, n— Darling, dark- ling, a. Dearly beloved; regarded with tender fond- ness: favorite.— ?;. One who is, etc.— Dearth, dSrth, n. Scarcity, rendering dear; want; famine; barren- ness; povertv. Dearborn, der'bSrn, n. A light 4-wheeled carriage. Death, deth, re. Cessation of bodily life ; decease ; de- mise; dissolution; exit; total privation or loss; man- ner of dying : cause, agent, or instrument of loss of life: a skeleton, as the symbol of death; danger of death. — Deathless, a. Not subject to death or de- struction; immortal. — Death'ly, -IT, a. Resembling death or a dead body; deadly; latal. Debar, de-bar', v. t. [-barred (-bard), -barring.] To cut off from entrance, as if by a bar or barrier ; to shut out, exclude, deny, refuse. Debark, de-bark-', v. t. [-barked (-barkt), -barking.] i, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. DEBASE 96 DECIPHER To land from a ship or boat, disembark. — v. i. To leave a vessel and pass to the land. Debase, de-biis', v. t. [-based (-bast'), -basing.] To reduce to a lower state of worth, dignity, purity, etc.; to abase, degrade, lower.— Debase'ment, n. Act of or state of being debased ; degradation. Debate, de-bat', n. Contention in words or argu- ments ; dispute ; controversy. — v. t. To fight or strive for, contend for in words or arguments, con- test, argue, dispute. — r. i. To engage in strife or combat, contend, struggle, deliberate. Debauch, de-baweh', v. t. T-bauched (-bawcht), -bauching.] To corrupt in character or principles ; to vitiate, pollute, seduce. — n. Excess in eating or drinking ; drunkenness ; gluttony ; lewdness ; an act of debauchery. — Debauchee, deb-o-she', n. A sensual or dissipated person; rake; libertine. — De- baucher, -bawch'er, n. — Debauch/ ery, -er-T, n. Cor- ruption of fidelity ; indulgence of the appetites; in- temperance; lewdness. — Debauch'ment, n. Act of debauching. Debenture, de-ben'ehur, n. A writing acknowledg- ing a debt ; a custom-house certificate entitling an exporter of imported goods to a drawback. Debilitate, de-bil'T-tat, v. t. To make feeble, faint, or languid ; to weaken, relax. — Debility, -ti, n. State of being feeble, or weak ; languor ; infirmity ; imbecility. Debit, debit, n. A recorded item of debt; debtor side of an account ; debt. — v. t. To charge with debt ; enter on the debtor side. —Debt, det, n. That which is due from one to another; obligation; liability; a duty neglected or violated; fault; crime: trespas's.— Debt'or, -er, n. One who owes another money, goods, or services; one indebted. Debris, da-bre', n. (Geol.) Fragments, taken collec- tively ; esp., fragments from a mountain, piled up at the base. _Rubbish; remains; ruins. Debut, da-boo'', n. A beginning or first attempt; first appearance, as of an actor, public speaker, etc. — Debutant, -taN', n. One who makes his first appear- ance before the public. — Debutante, -taut', n. A woman who, etc. [F.] Decade, dek'ad, n. The sum or number of 10. — Dee'- agon, n. (Geom.) A plane figure of 10 sides and 10 angles. — Dec'agram, n. A decimal weight of 10 grams, or 154.38 grains Trov. — Decahe'dron, n. ; pi. -dra, -dra. (Geom.) A solid figure having 10 sides. — Decahe'dral, a. Having 10 sides. — Decaliter, de- kal'I-ter or dek'a-li-ter, n. A decimal measure of capacity, containing 10 liters, or 610.28 cu. inches= 2 gallons and 64.44 cu. in. — Dec'alogue, -log, n. The 10 commandments. — Decal'ogist, -jist, n. One who explains the decalogue. — Decam'eron, n. A work comprised in 10 books: esp. a collection of tales of Boccaccio.— Decameter, de-kam'e-ter or dek'a-me- tSr, n. A decimal measure of length = 10 meters = 393.71 inches. — Decan'drous, -drus, a. (Bot.) Hav- ing 10 stamens. — Dec'apod, n. (Zo'dl.) A crustacean with 10 feet or legs, as crabs, lobsters, etc. — Dec'- aster, n. A decimal solid measure = 10 steres = 10 cu. meters =353.166 cu. inches.— Dec'astich, -stik, n. A poem consisting of 10 lines. — Dee'astyle, -stil, n. (Arch.) A building having a portico with 10 col- umns in front. — Dec'asyllab'ic, -sil-lab / ik, a. Con- sisting of 10 syllables.— Dec'uple, -u-pl, a. Tenfold; multiplied by 10. — n. A number 10 times repeated. — v. t. To make tenfold; to multiply by 10. —[See further under December.] Decadence, -dency. See under Decay. Decamp, de-kamp', v. i. [-camped (-kamf), -camp- ing.] To move away from a camping-ground, de- part suddenly. — Decamp'ment, n. Departure from, etc. ; a marching off. Decanal. See under Dean. Decant, de-kant', v. t. To pour off gently, as liquor from its sediment; to pour from one vessel into an- other. — Decant'er, n. A vessel used to decant liq- uors or receive decanted liquors; one who decants. Decapitate, de-kap'I-tat, v. t. To cut off the head of, behead. — Decap'ita'tion, n. Act of, etc. Decarbonize, de-kar'bon-iz, v. t. [-ized (-izd),-iziNG.] To deprive of carbon. — Decar'burize, -bu-rlz, v. t. Same as Decarbonize. Decay, de-ka', v. i. [decayed (-kad'), decaying.] To pass gradually from a sound, prosperous, or per- fect state, to one of imperfection, weakness, or dis- solution : to fail; to rot. — v. t. To impair, bring to a worse state. — n. Gradual failure of nealth, sound- ness, prosperity, etc. ; decline. — Deca'dence, -dency, -sT,n. Decay; fall; deterioration.— Deciduous, -sid'- u-us, a. Of temporary existence; shed yearly, as, leaves or antlers; not perennial or permanent. Decease, de-ses', n. Departure, esp. departure from this life; death; demise. — v. i. [deceased (-sesf), i deceasingJ To die. [Deceive, de-sev', v. t. [-ceived (-sevd'), -ceiving.] To lead into error, impose upon, delude, insnare, | disappoint. —Deceit, -set', n. Attempt or disposi- tion to deceive; deception; fraud; imposition. — De- ceit'ful, -ful, a. Trickish; fraudulent. —D6Cep'- tion, -sep'shun, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; that which, etc.; deceit. — Decep'tive, -tiv, -tory, -to-rY, a. Tending to, etc.: misleading. ecember, de-sem'ber, n. The 12th or last month in the year. — Decern 'vir, -ver, n. : E. pi. Decemvirs, -verz, L. pi. -viri, -vT-ri. One of 10 magistrates, who had absolute authority in ancient Rome. — Decem'- viral, -vT-ral, a. Pert, to, etc. — Decem'virate, -rat, n. Office or term of office of, etc.; a body of 10 men I in authority. — Decen'nary, -sen'na-ri, n. A period i of 10 years. (Law.) A tithing consisting of 10 neigh- boring families.' — Decen'nial, -ni-al, a. Consisting I of, or happening once in, etc.— Decillion, -sil'yun, n. A number consisting, by English notation, of a mil- lion involved to the 10th power, or 1 with 60 ciphers ! annexed ; by French or common notation, a thous- and involved to the 11th power, or 1 with 33 ciphers. I See Numeration. — Decill'ionth, -} r unth, a. Pert, to, etc.; preceded by a decillion less one. — n. The quotient of 1 divided by, etc. ; one of a decillion equal parts. — Decigram, des'l-gram, n. A decimal measure of weight equal to 1-10 of a gram, or 1.5438 grains Troy. — Deciliter, de-sil'T-ter or des'T-le-ter, n. A decimal measure of capacity = 1-10 liter = 6.1028 cu. inches. — Dec'imal, des'T-mal, a. Pert, to deci- mals; numbered or proceeding by tens. — n. A num- ber expressed in the scale of tens; decimal number; esp. decimal fraction.— Decimal fractions. Fractions whose denominator is some power of 10, as yLi y^Ar, and is not usually expressed, but is signified by a point at the left of the numerator, as .2, .25. — Cir- culating or circulatory decimal. A decimal fraction in which the same figure, or set of figures, is con- stantly repeated; as, 0.354354354; called also recurring decimal. — Decimate, v. t. To take the tenth part of, tithe; to select by lot and kill every tenth man of; to destroy a certain portion of .— Decimeter, de- sim'e-ter or iies'i-me-ter, n. A decimal measure of length = 1-10 meter = 3.9371 inches. — Decime, da- sem', n. A French coin = 1-10 franc, about 2 cents. — Decister, des'is-ter, n. A solid measure, the 1-10 of a stere, or cubic meter = 3.5317 cu. feet. — Decu'- rion, -ri-un, n. A Roman officer commanding 10 sol- diers. — [See also under Decade.] Decent, de'sent, a. Suitable in words, behavior, dress, and ceremony; free from obscenity; modest; mod- erate, but competent; respectable. — De'centness, n. — De'cency, -si, n. State or quality of being decent; proper formality ; modesty ; what is becoming. Deception, Deceptive, etc. See under Deceive. Decide, de-sid', v. t. To determine the result of, settle, end, conclude.— v. i. To determine, form a defi- nite opinion, come to a conclusion, give decision. — Decid'ed, a. Free from ambiguity; unequivocal; free from doubt or wavering: determined; positive; un- deniable; clear. — Decid'edly, adv. — Decid'er, n.— Decid'able, a. Capable of being, etc. — Decision, -sizh'un, n. Act of settling or terminating, as a con- troversy; determination; conclusion; account or re- port of a conclusion, esp. of a legal adjudication; quality of being decided; prompt and fixed deter- mination. — Deci'sive, -siv, a. Having the power or quality of deciding a question, etc. ; marked by promptness and decision; final; conclusive; positive. Deciduous. See under Decay. Decipher, de-si'fer, v. t. [-petered (-ferd). -phering.] To translate from a cipher into intelligible terms; to find out the meaning of, reveal. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, term ; in, Ice ; Odd, tone, or ; DECK 97 DEEP Deck, dek, v. t. [decked (dekt), decking.] To cover, overspread; to dress, clothe, esp. to clothe with ele- gance, array, adorn; to furnish with a deck, as a vessel.— n. The floor- like covering of a ship; a pack of cards. Declaim, de-klam', v. i. [-claimed (-klamd'), -claim- ing.] To speak rhetorically, make a formal oration, harangue; to speak or talk pompously and elabo- rately; to rant. — v. t. To utter in public, deliver in a rhetorical or set manner. — Declama'tion, n. Act or art of, etc.; a set speech; rhetorical display, with more sound than sense. — Declamatory, -to-rT, a. Pert, to, etc.; characterized by rhetorical display; without solid sense or argument. Declare, de-klSr', v. t. [-claeed (-klard'), -claring.] To make known publicly, publish, proclaim; to as- sert, affirm. {Com.) To make full statement of , as of goods liable to taxes, duties, etc. — v. i. To make a declaration, proclaim one's self. (Law.) To state the plaintiff's cause of action in legal form. — De- claredly, -ed-lT, adv. Avowedly ; explicitly. — Dec- laration, n. Act of declaring; thing declared; doc- ument by which an assertion is verified. (Law.) That part of the process or pleadings setting forth the plaintiff's cause of complaint; the narration or counts. — Declarative, -klar'a-tiv, -atory, -to-rT, a. Making declaration, etc.; explanatory; assertive; af- firmative. Decline, de-klin', v. i. [-clined (-klind''), -clining.] To bend over or hang down, as from w ' weariness, despondency, etc.; to tend towards a close or extinction; to fail, sink, decay ; to turn aside, deviate, stray ; to refuse. — v. t. To bend downward, depress; to turn away from, refuse to comply with, reject courteously, shun, avoid. (Gram.) To inflect in order in the changes of gram- matical form.— n. Afalling off; tendency to a worse state; deterioration. (Med.) That period of a dis- order when the symptoms abate in violence; a grad- ual wasting away of the physical faculties. Decay; consumption.— Declin'er, w.— Declin' able, a. That may be declined; admitting of inflection. — Declen- sion, -klen'shun, ti. Declination; descent; slope; a falling off from excellence ; deterioration; decay; act of courteously refusing; declinature. (Gram.) In- flection of a word, according to grammatical forms; the form of the inflection of a word declined by cases.— Dec'linate, -ll-nat, a. (Bot.) Bending down- ward, in a curve; curved downward; declined.— Declinalion, n. Act or state of bending downward, or of falling off from excellence, or of deviating or turning aside; obliquity; withdrawal. (Gram.) Act of inflecting a word through its various termina- tions. — Decun^atory, -klin r a-to-rT, a. Containing a refusal. — Declin'ature, -klin'a-chur, n. Act of put- ting away or refusing.— Declivity, -kliv'i-ti, n. De- viation from a horizontal line; descent of surface; inclination downward; a descending surface; slope. — Declivous, -kli'vus, -clivitous, -klivl-tus, a. Grad- ually descending; sloping. Decoct, de-kokf, v. t. To prepare by boiling, make an infusion of, prepare for assimilation by the heat of the stomach, digest. — Decoclion, n. Act of pre- paring by boiling; an extract prepared by boiling. Decollate, de-kollat, v. t. To sever the neck of, be- head, decapitate. — Dt*collete\ da'kol-le-ta'', a. Leav- ing the neck and shoulders bare; low-necked, as a dress. [P.] Decompose, de-kom-poz r , v. t. [-i>osed (-pozd'), -pos- ing.] To separate the constituent parts of, set free from chemical combination, resolve into original elements, —v. i. To become resolved from existing combinations; to undergo dissolution.— Decomposi- tion, -zish'un, 11. Act of, etc.; analysis; state of being separated; release from previous combinations. Decompound, de-kom-pownd' - , v. t. To compound or mix with that already compound; to reduce to con- stituent parts, decompose. — a. Compound of what is already compounded. (Bot.) Several times com- pounded or divided, as a leaf or stem. — Decom- posite, -pozlt^ a. Compounded more than once. Decorate, dek'o-rat, v. t. To adorn, embellish, orna- ment, beautify. — Decoralion, n. Act of decora- ting; that which enriches or beautifies; ornament.— Dec'orative, -tiv, a. Suited to embellish; adorning. — Decorous, de-kolus or dek'o-rus, a. Suitable to the time, place, and occasion ; becoming; proper; seemly. — Decorously, de-ko'- of dek'o-, adv. — De- corousness, de-ko'- or dek'o-, n. — Decolum, n. Propriety of speech, manner, etc.; dignity. Decoy, de-coi', v. t. [-coyed (-koid r ), -coying.] To entice into a snare, lead into danger by artifice, en- trap, insnare. — n. Anything intended to lead into a snare; esp. a sportsman's lure to entice birds into a net or within shot; a place into which wild fowls are enticed. Decrease, de-kres', v. i. [-creased (-kresf). -creas- ing.] To become less, 6e diminished gradually. — v. t. To cause to lessen, make less. — n. A becom- ing less; gradual diminution ; decay; wane, as of the moon. — Declement, n. State of becoming grad- ually less; quantity lost by waste, etc.— Decres'cent, -kres'ent, a. Decreasing. — Decres- cendo, da-kres-en'do, a. (Mus.) With decreasing volume of sound, D eeresoenrlr — a direction to performers, written ^ecrescenao. upon the staff, or indicated as in the margin. [It.] Decree, de-kre', n. An order or decision by a court or other competent authority; law; statute; ordinance; edict, — v. t. [decreed (-kred'), -ceeeing.] To de- termine judicially by authority, or by decree; to appoint. — v. i. To decide authoritatively, determine decisively. — Decre'tal, a. Containing, or pert, to, a decree. — n. An authoritative order or decree; esp. a letter of the pope, determining some question in ecclesiastical law; a collection of the pope's decrees. — Decrelist, n. One versed in the decretals. Decrepit, de-kreplt, a. Wasted or worn by the in- firmities of old age. [Incorrectly written c/ecrepid.] — Decrepitate, -tat, v. t. To roast or calcine, so as to cause a continual explosion or crackling. — v. i. To crackle, as salts when roasting. Decrescendo, Decrescent. See under Decrease. Decretal, etc. See under Decree. Decry, de-kri', v. t. [-ceied (-krid'), -crying.] To cry down; to censure as faulty, mean, or worthless; to depreciate, detract, disparage.— Decri'al, n. Clam- orous censure; condemnation by censure. Decuple. See under Decade. Decurion. See under December. ( Decussate, de-kus'sat, v. t. To cross at an acute angle; to intersect or lie upon in the form of an X. — Decus'sate, -sated, a. Crossed; intersected. (Bot.) Growing in pairs, each at right angles to the pair above or below. (Rhet.) Consisting of 2 rising and 2 falling clauses, in alternate opposition to each other. Dedicate, ded'Y-kat, v. t. To set apart and consecrate, as to a divinity, or for a sacred purpose; to devote, or give wholly or earnestly up to; to inscribe or ad- dresses to a patron. — a. Set apart; consecrated; dedicated. — Dedica'tion, n. Act of, etc. — Dedica- tory, -to-rT, -to'rial, -ri-al, a. Composing or serving as a dedication. Deduce, de-das', v. t. [-duced (-dust'), -ducing.] To derive by logical process; to obtain as the result of reasoning, infer. — Deductible, -sY-bl, a. — Deduct, -dukt', v. t. To take away, in calculating; subtract. — Deduction, n. Act or method of deducing, in- ferring, or concluding; act of deducting or taking away; that deduced; inference; conclusion; that de- ducted; part taken away; abatement. — Deductive, -iv, a. Of, or pert, to, deduction ; capable of being deduced from premises; deducible. —Deductively, adv. — Dedu'cive, -siv, a. Performing the act of de- duction. Deed, ded, n. That which is done, acted, or effected; an act ; illustrious act ; achievement ; exploit ; power of action ; agency ; efficiency. (Law.) A sealed instrument in writing, containing some transfer, bargain, or contract, esp. in regard to real estate. — v. t. To convey or transfer by deed. Deem, dem, v. t. [deemed (demd), deeming.] To conclude on consideration; to think, judge, regard.. — v. i. To be of opinion, think, estimate. Deep, dep, a. Extending far below the surface; of great perpendicular dimension; extending far back from the front; low in situation; hard to penetrate or comprehend ; mysterious ; profound ; secret; of penetrating or far-reaching intellect ; thoroughly sun, cube, full ; moon, f , v. t. To deprive of right by fraud, deception, or artifice: to withhold wrongfully, injure by embezzlement, cheat, deceive, frustrate.— Defraud'er, n. Defray, de-fra', v. t. [-frayed (-frad'), -fraying.] To meet the cost of, bear the expense of. Deft, deft, a. Apt; fit; neat. — Deftly, adv. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Sdd, tone, Sr : DEFUNCT 99 DELL Defunct, de-funkt', a. Having finished the course of life; dead; deceased. — n. A dead person. Defy, de-fi', v. t. [defied (-fid'), -fying.] Orig., to renounce faith or obligation with, reject. To pro- voke to combat or strife ; to act in hostility to ; call out to combat, challenge, dare, brave. — Defi'ance, -ans, n. Act of, etc.; a challenge ; provocation; state of opposition. — Defi'ant, a. Full of, etc.; bold; in- solent. Degenerate, de-jen'er-at, v. i. To be or grow worse than one's kind; to be inferior or degraded; to de- teriorate. — a. Having deteriorated ; mean ; base ; low. — Degen'erateness, n. — Degen'era'tion, De- gen'eracy, -sT, n. Act of becoming, or state of hav- ing become degenerate; decay; meanness: poorness. — Degenerative, -tiv, a. Tending to degenerate. Deglutinate, de-glu'tT-nat, v. t. To loosen by dissolv- ing the glue which unites; to unglue. Deglutition, deg-lu-tish'un, n. Act or power of swal- lowing. Degrade, de-grad', v. t. To reduce to a lower rank or degree; to deprive of office or dignity; to reduce in character or reputation; abase. (Geol.) To wear down, as hills and mountains. — Degrad'ed, p. a. Reduced in rank, character, etc.; sunken; low; base. {Nat. Hist.) Presenting the typical characters in an imperfect condition. — Degrad'ingly, adv. — Deg- radation, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. ; diminu- tion of strength, efficacy, or value. {Geol.) A grad- ual wearing down or wasting, as of rocks, banks, etc., by the action of water, frost, etc. Degree, de-gre', n. One step upward or downward, in quality, rank, acquirement, etc. ; grade ; grada- tion; point of progression to which one has arrived; station ; quality ; extent : grade to which scholars are admitted in recognition of their attainments by a college or university. {Genealogy.) A certain re- move in the line of descent, determining proximity of blood. (Geom.) A 360th part of the circumfer- ence of a circle. (Algebra.) State as indicated by sum of exponents. A division, space, or interval, marked on a mathematical instrument, etc., as on a thermometer. (Mus.) Difference in elevation be- tween 2 notes. Dehort, de-h6rt', v. t. To urge to abstain from, dis- suade. Deicide, Deify, etc. See under Deity. Deign, dan, v. i. [deigned (dand), deigning.] To think worthy, vouchsafe, condescend, —v. t. To condescend to give. Deity, de'i-tT, n. The collection of attributes which make up the nature of a god; divinity ; godhead ; a god or goddess.— The deity. God, the Supreme Being. — Delist, n. One who believes in the existence of a God, but denies revealed religion; one who professes no form of religion, but follows nature and reason; a freethinker. — Deist'ic, -ical, a. Pert. ,o deism or to deists. — Deist'ically, adv. — De'ism, -izm, n. Doctrine or creed of, etc. — De'ify, -I-fi, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fying.] To make a god of, apotheosize ; to treat with supreme regard, render god-like.— Deif'ic, -ical, a. Making divine. — De'ifica'tion, n. Act of, etc. — De'iform, a. Like a god; of godlike form. — De'icide, -sid, n. Act of killing a divine being, esp. of putting Christ to death; one concerned in, etc. Deject, de-jekt', v. t. To cast down the spirits of, dis- courage, dishearten, depress.— Deject'edly, adv. In a dejected manner; sadry. — Deject'edness, n. — De- ject'er, n. — Dejec'tion, n. Lowness of spirits from grief or misfortune; melancholy; weakness. (Med.) Act of voiding excrement ; matter voided. — Dejec'- ture, -jek'chur. n. Excrement. Dejeuner, da-zh'e-na', D.'jeune, da-zhen', n. A break- fast: lunch. De jure, de-ju're. By right; of right; by law, often opp. to de facto. [L.] Dekagram, Dekaliter, etc. See Decagram, etc., un- der DECADE. Delaine, de-lan', n. A fabric for ladies' dress-goods, — orig. all wool, now of cotton and wool, or worsted. Delay, de-la', v. t. [-layed (-lad'), -laying.] To put off, defer ; to stop, detain, or hinder, for a time, retard the motion of, procrastinate, protract. — v. i. To move slowly, linger, tarry.— n. A deferring; procrastination ; a lingering; stay ; detention. Dele, de'le, v. t. (Print.) Erase, remove, — a direc- tion to cancel something which has been put in olf ^,q i«„f deceive, beguile, cheat. - Delu'sion, Uenoia leat - -zhun, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.: false belief; error; illusion; fallacy. — Delu'sive, -siv, a. Fitted or tending to mislead. — Delu'sory, -so-ri, a. Apt to delude. Deluge, del'uj, n. An overflowing of the land by water; an inundation; esp. the flood in the days of Noah; anything which overwhelms, as a great ca- lamity, —v. t. [deluged (-ujd), -ugixg.] To over- flow, as with w T ater, inundate, drown; to overwhelm under a general calamity. Delve, delv, v. t. [delved (delvd), delvixg.] To dig; to open with a spade; to fathom, penetrate, trace out. — v. i. To labor with the spade. Demagogue, dem'a-gog, n. One who controls the mul- titude by specious or deceitful arts; an artful politi- cal orator. Domain. See Demesne. Demand, de-mand', v. t. To ask or call for, as one who has a claim, right, or power, to enforce the claim; to make requisition of ; to inquire earnestly or authoritatively, question: to require as necessary; to be in urgent need of. {Laic.) To call into court, summon. — v. i. To make a demand, ask, inquire! — re. Act of. etc.; requisition; exaction; earnest in- quiry; question; diligent search; manifested want; thing claimed; claim. Demarcation, -kation, de-mar-ka'shun, n. Act of marking, or of setting a limit; division; separation; a limit ascertained and fixed. Demean, de-men', v. t. [-meaxed (-mend'), -meaxixg.] To manage, conduct, treat, deport. To debase, lower, degrade. [A blundering formation fr. E. mean, base.]— Demean'or, -er, re. Manner of behaving; conduct; deportment; mien. Dementia, de-men'shl-a, n. Loss of mental power as a result of brain-disease. Demerit, de-mer^t, n. That which deserves blame or detracts from_merit ; fault ; crime : vice. Demesne, de-men', -main', -man, n. (Law.) The chief manor-place, with that part of its lands not granted out in tenancy. Demicadence, dem'I-ka'dens, n. (Jfvs.) An imperfect cadence, or one that falls on any other than the key- note. — Demi-god, n. A fabulous hero, half divine, produced by the cohabitation of a deitv with a mor- tal.— Dem'i-lune, -lun, n. (Fort.) A wofk beyond the main ditch of a fortress, and in front of the curtain between 2 bastions, to defend the curtain: a ravelin. See Eavelix.— Dem'i-monde', -moxd', n. The lower half of society; persons of doubtful reputation; esp. women kept as mis- tresses. — DemT- — jQ _ sem / 'i-qua / ver.-k\va / - -M y # w—r- ver,w. {Mas.) A short f%^ \ 'f. note, equal in time \tt7 :J\ — K to the half of a semi- "^f & *■■ quaver, or l-32d part CV Demi-semi-quavers, of whole note. Demijohn, dem'T-jon. ??. A glass bottle with large body and small neck, inclosed in wicker-work. Demise, de-miz', n. Transmission by formal act or conveyance to an heir or successor; transference; decease of a royal, princely, or distinguished per- son. (Law.) Convevance 'or transfer of an estate. — v. t. [demised (-mizdO., -misixg.] To transfer or transmit by succession or inheritance: to bequeath; to lease. — Demi'sable, -za-bl, a. — Demis'sion. -mish'un, re. Act of, or state of being, etc.; degra- dation; humiliation. Democracy, de-mok'ra-sY, re. A form of government in which supreme power is vested in the people, and the legislative and executive functions are exercised by the people or by persons representing them: prin- ciples held by one of the political parties of the U. S. — Dem'ocrat, re. An adherent or promoter of, etc. — Democratic, -ical, a. Pert, to, or favoring, etc.; constructed upon the principle of popular govern- ment : favoring popular rights. Demolish, de-mol'ish, v. t. [-ished (-isht), -ishixg.] To throw or pull down, pull to pieces, ruin, over- throw, destroy, raze. — Demol'isher, ».— Demoli- tion, -lish / 'un, re. Act of, etc.; destruction. Demon, de'mun, re. (Gr. Antiq.) A spirit holding a middle place between men and gods; a departed soul. An evil spirit ; devil. — Demoniac, de-mo'ni- ak, -niacal, dem-o-ni'ak-al, a. Pert, to, or like, etc. ; influenced by evil spirits; devilish. — Demo'niac, re. A human being possessed by, etc. Demonetize, de-mon'e-tiz, v. t. [-tized (-tizd), -tizixg.] To deprive of value, or withdraw from use, as currency. — Demon'etiza'tion, re. Process of, or state of being, etc. Demonstrate, dem'on- or de-mon'strat, v. t. To point out. indicate, exhibit; to show, prove, or establish so as to exclude doubt or denial. (Anat.) To ex- hibit and describe the parts of a dead body, when dissected. — Demonstra'tion, re. Act of, etc."; proof; manifestation of feelings by outward signs. (Anat.) Exhibition of parts of a subject prepared by the dis- sector. (Logic.) Act of proving by syllogistic pro- cess. (Math.) A course of reasoning showing that a certain result is a necessary consequence of assumed premises. (Mil.) A decisive exhibition of force, or a movement indicating an intention. — Demon- strative, -tiv, a. Tending to demonstrate ; having the power of demonstration ; expressing feeling, thoughts, etc. : frank ; open. — Demonstrative pronoun (Gram.) One distinctly designating that to which it refers. — Demon'stratively, adv. — Dem'onstra'- tor, re. One who, etc. — Demon'stratory, -ft, a. Tending to, etc. Demoralize, de-mor'al-iz, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izixg.] To destroy or undermine the morals of; to render corrupt in morals, discipline, courage, etc. Demur, de-mer', v. i. [-mukked (-merd"), -mcrrixg.] To delay, pause, suspend proceedings in view of a doubt or difficulty. (Laiv.) To raise an objection, and abide upon it for decision by the court. — re. Stop; pause; hesitation as to proceeding ; suspense of decision or action. — Demur'rer, n. One who demurs. (Law.) A stop in an action upon a point to be determined by the court before further pro- ceedings can be had. Demure, de-mur', a. Of sober or serious mien ; of modest appearance ; grave ; modest in outward seeming only; making a show of gravity. Den, den, re. A cave or hollow place in the earth, for concealment, shelter, or security ; a customary place of resort; haunt; retreat, —v. i. To dwell as in a den. Dengue, den'ga, re. A violent fever, with rheuma- tism, epidemic in tropical countries, — called also dandy-, bouquet-, and bucket- fever. . Deniable, Denial, etc. See under Dexy. Denim, den'im, re. A coarse cotton drilling used for overalls, etc. Denizen, den'T-zn, re. An adopted or naturalized citizen; a stranger admitted to residence in a for- eign country; dweller: inhabitant. — v.t. [-zexed (-znd), -zexixg.J To make a denizen, provide with denizens. Dennet, den'net, n. A 2-wheeled carriage, like a gig. Denominate, de-nom'T-nat, v. t. To give a name or epithet to, entitle, name, designate. —a. Having a specific name; specified in the concrete as opposed to abstract. — Denom / ina , tion, re. Act of, etc. ; that by which anything is styled; a name, esp. a general name indicating a class'of like individuals; a class, or collection of individuals, called by the same name; a sect. — Denom'ina'tional, a. Pert, to, etc. — Denom'inative, -tiv, a. Conferring or possessing, etc.; derived from a substantive or adjective.— re. (Gram.) A verb formed from a noun either sub- stantive or adjective. — Denomlna'tor, -ter, n. One who, or that which, gives a name. (Arith.) The number below the line in vulgar fractions, showing am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; 8dd, tone, 6r ; DENOTE 101 DEPRIVE into how many parts the integer is divided. {Alg.) That part of any expression below the horizontal line signifying division. Denote, de-hot', v. t. To indicate, point out, mark; to be the sign of, signify, mean, intend. — Denot / '- able, a. — Den'ota/tion, n. Denouement, da-noo'moN, n. The catastrophe, esp. of a drama, romance, etc.; solution of a mystery; issue; event. Denounce, de-nowns', v. t. [-nouxced (-nownsf), -NOUNCISG.] To give formal or official notice of, announce, declare ; to threaten by some outward expression ; to point out as deserving of punish- ment, inform against, stigmatize. — Denun'ciate, -shf-at, v. t. To denounce. — Denun'cia'tion. n. Act of, etc.; that by which anything is denounced; public accusation. — Denun'cia'tor 7 n. — Denunci- atory, -to-rl, a. Containing, etc.; accusing. Dense, dens, a. Having the constituent parts closely united; close; compact. — Den'sity, -sT-tT, b. Qual- ity of being, etc. {Physics.} The proportion of solid matter to a given bulk or volume. Dent, dent, n. The mark made by a blow; indenta- tion. — v. t. To make a dent upon, indent. Dental, den'tal, a. Pert, to the teeth. {Gram.) Formed by aid of the teeth, etc. — n. An ar- ticulation formed by aid of the teeth or gum of the teeth.— Den'til, n. (Arch.) An ornamental pro- jection in cornices. —Den 'tist, n. One who cleans, extracts, repairs, or fills natural teeth, and inserts artificial ones. — Den'tistry, -rl, n. Art or profes- sion of a dentist. — Denature, -ture, n. An artificial tooth or set of teeth. — Denti'tion, -tisb/un, n. Pro- cess of cutting the teeth. {Zo'dl.) System of teeth peculiar to an animal. Denude, de-nud', v. t. To divest of all covering, make bare or naked, strip. Denunciate, Denunciatory, etc. See under Denounce. Deny, de-ni', v. t. [denied (-nld), denying.] To contradict, gainsay, declare not to be true; to re- fuse, reject ; to refuse to grant, withhold ; to dis- claim connection with, responsibility for, etc.; to disown, abjure. — Deni'al, n. Act of, etc. ; assertion of the untruth of a statement ; contradiction ; refus- al ; disavowal. Deodorize, de-o'der-iz, v. t. To deprive of odor, esp. of bad odor from impurities. — Deo'dorizer, n. Depart, de-part', v. i. To go forth or away; to quit, leave, or separate from a place or person; to quit this world, die. — v. t. To leave, retire from ment, n. A part or portion; a distinct course of life, action, study, etc.; subdivision of business; esp. one of the principal divisions of executive government; territorial division; esp. one for governmental pur- poses; a military subdivision of a country: sphere; province: district. — Departmental, a. Pert, to, etc. — Departure, -par'chur, n. Act of departing: death; abandonment, as of a"rule of duty, action, plan, etc. {Navigation & Surv.) Distance east or west from the meridian from which a ship or course departs. Depend, de-pend', v. i. To hang; to be sustained by something above; to be in suspense, remain unde- termined; to rely for support, stand related to any- thing, as to a cause or condition; to trust, confide, rely ; to be in a condition of service. — Depend'ent, -ant, a. Hanging down; relying on, or subject to something else for support ;" conditional ; subordi- nate. — n. One who, or that which, etc.; one sus- tained by, or relying on, another; a retainer; a corol- lary ; consequence. — Dependence, -ens, n. Actor state of. etc.; mutual connection and support; con- catenation; inter-relation; subjection to the direction of another; inability to provide for one's self; reli- ance; trust; thing dependent. —Dependency, -sT, n. State of being, etc.; thing hanging; that attached to something else as its consequence, subordinate, sat- ellite, etc.; a territory remote from the state to which it belongs, but subject to its dominion; a colony. — Depend'ently, adv. — Depend'er, n. Depict, de-pikf, v. t. To form a painting or picture of, portray; to represent in words, describe. Deplete, de-plef, v. t. {Med.) To empty, as the ves- sels of the human system, by venesection; to ex- haust the strength, vital powers, or resources of. — Deple'tion. n. Act of, etc. {Med.) Venesection ; blood-letting. — Depie'tory, -to-ri, a. Calculated to deplete. Deplore, de-plor', v. t. [-ploked (-plordO, -ploring.] To feel or express deep grief for; to weep, convey as tokens of grief, mourn, lament, bemoan. — Deplbr''- sr, n. — Deplor'able, a. Pitiable ; sad ; calamitous ; wretched. — Deplor'ableness, n. — Deplor'ably, adv. Lamentably: miserably. Deploy, de-ploi', v. t. [-ployed (-ploid''), -ploying.] {Mil.) To open, extend, display. — v. i. To open, extend in line. Depone, de-pon'. v.t. [-poned (-pond'), -poning.] To assert under oath, make deposition of , depose. — v. i. To testify under oath, assert. — Depo'nent, a. {Gram.) Having a passive form with an active meaning, — said of certain verbs. — n. {Law.) One who gives a deposition under oath. {Gram.) A de- ponent verb. Depopulate, de-pop' u-lat, v. t. To deprive of inhabi- tants, dispeople. — v. i. To become dispeopled. — Depop'ula'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. Deport, de-port', v. t. ,To transport, carry away, ex- ile ; to demean, conduct, behave. — Deporta'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.: banishment; trans- portation. — Deport'ment, n. Manner of deporting one's self, esp. with respect to the courtesies and du- ties of life;_demeanor: conduct. _ Depose, de-poz', v. t. [-posed (-pozd'), -posing.] To reduce from a throne or high station, degrade, di- vest of office; to bear written testimony to, aver upon oath. — v. i. To bear witness, testify by depo- sition. — Depos'al, u. Act of divesting of office.— Depos'er, n. One who, etc.— Depos'it, -p5z-, v.t. To lay down, place, put; to lay away for safe keeping, store; to commit to the custody of another: esp. to place in a bank, as money, to be drawn at will. — n. That which is deposed, or laid down, esp. matter precipitated from solution in liquid; that intrusted to the care of another. — Depositary, -Ti-ta-rf, n. One with whom anything is left in trust : a trus- tee ; guardian. {Law.) One to whom goods are bailed, to be kept for the bailor without recompense. — Deposition, -zish'un, n. Act of deposing or de- positing; precipitation; act of setting aside a public officer; displacement; removal; thing deposited; sed- iment. {Law.) Testimony taken down in writing, under oath or affirmation; affidavit. — Depositor, -T-ter, n. One who makes a deposit. —Depository, -t-to-rt, n. Place where anything is deposited for sale or keeping. — Depot, de-po' or de'po. n. A place of deposit; warehouse; storehouse. {Mil.) A station where stores are kept, or recruits assembled and drilled; the headquarters of a regiment. A rail- road station. Deprave, de-prav', v. t. [-pbaved (-pravd'), -pra- ving.] To make bad or worse, corrupt, contaminate. — Deprav'ity, -prav'Y-tT, n. The state of being cor- rupted; extreme wickedness. Deprecate, dep're-kat, v. t. To seek to avert by prayer, pray for deliverance from, regret deeply. — Depreca'tion, n. Act of deprecating: prayer that evil may be removed ; entreaty for pardon. — Dep'- recatory, -rY , a. Serving to deprecate ; tending to avert evil by praver. Depreciate, de-pre^sM-at, v. t. To lessen in price; to represent as of little value, disparage, traduce, de- " tract, underrate. — v. i. To fall in value, become of less worth, sink in estimation. — Depre'cia'tion, /<. Act or state of, etc. ; reduction of worth. — Depre'- cia'tive, -tiv, a. Inclined to underrate ; tending to depreciate. — Depre'cia'tor, -ter, n. — Deprecia- tory, -to-rf, a. Tending to depreciate. Depredate, dep're-dat, v. t. To subject to plunder and pillage; to despoil, lay waste; to* destroy by eat- ing, devour. Depress, de-pres', v. t. [-pressed (-presf), -press- ing.] To press down, cause to sink, let fall; to bring down or humble; to cast a gloom upon; to embar- rass, as trade, commerce, etc.; to lessen the price of, cheapen. — Depression, -presh'un, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. ; a falling in of the surface ; a cavity or hollow : humiliation ; dejection ; despondency ; I embarrassment or hindrance, as of trade, etc. Deprive, de-priv', v. t. [-prived (-prlvdQ, -priving.] To take away, remove; to dispossess, divest, divest sun, cube, full ; moon, fdt>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbox, chair, get. DEPTH 102 DESIGN of office, depose, dispossess of dignity, esp. ecclesi- astical ; to strip, bereave, rob, despoil. — Depri- vation, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. (Eccl. Law.) The taking away from a clergyman his benefice or dignity. Depth. See under Deep. Depute, de-put', v. t. To appoint as substitute or agent; to delegate. — Dep'uta'tion, n. Act of, etc. ; person or persons deputed by another party to act on his behalf. — Dep'utize, -tiz, v. t. To depute. — Dep'uty, -tT, n. One appointed as the substitute of another, and empowered to act for him; lieutenant; delegate; envoy: agent; vicar. Derange, de-rahj', ?». t. [-ranged (-ranjd'), -ran- ging.] To put out of place, order, or rank, throw into confusion or disorder, disturb in the action or function, render insane ; to displace, unsettle, dis- concert. — Derange'ment, n. Act of, or state of be- 1 ing, etc. ; disorder; esp. mental disorder ; insanity; lunacy; mania. Derelict, der'e-likt, n. Forsaken by the natural own- er or guardian ; abandoned : abandoning responsi- bility ; unfaithful. — n. (Law.) A thing volunta- rily abandoned by its proper owner ; a tract of land left dry by the sea. — Dereliction, n. Act of leav- ing with an intention not to reclaim ; state of being, etc.; unfaithfulness. (Law.) The gaining of land from the sea. Deride, de-rid', v. t. To laugh at with contempt, turn to ridicule, mock, taunt.— Derid'er, ».— Derid'ingly, adv. — Deris 'ion, -rizh'un. n. Act of, or state of be- ing, etc. ; an object of contempt : laughing-stock ; scorn ; mockery : insult. — Deri'sive, -siv, a. Ex- pressing, or characterized by, derision. — Deri'sive- ly, adv. — Deri'sory, -so-rT. a. Mocking : derisive. Derive, de-nv', v. t. [-k:\ed (-rlvd'), -hiving.] To receive, as from a source, obtain by transmission : to trace the origin, descent, or derivation of, recog- nize transmission of. deduce, infer, draw. — v. i. To flow, proceed, be deduced. — Deriv'able, a. Ca- pable of being, etc. ; transmissible ; inferable. — I Derivation, a. Act of procuring an effect from a ! cause, means, or condition, as profits from capital, j truth from testimony, conclusions or opinions from I evidence ; act of tracing origin, as in grammar or I genealogy ; state or method of being derived; thing j derived; derivative; deduction. (Math.) Operation of deducing one function from another according to some fixed law. (Med.) A drawing of humors from one part of the body to another.— Deriv'ative, -rTv'- a-tiv, a. Obtained by derivation: secondary.— n. An\-- thing obtained, or deduced, from another. (Gram.) A word formed from another word. (Mus.) A chord, not fundamental, but obtained from another by inversion. (Med.) That adapted to produce a derivation. (Math.) A function expressing the re- lation between two consecutive states of a varying j function. — Derivatively, adv. Derm, derm, n. The natural covering of an animal; i skin. Derogate, der'o-gat, v. t. To annul in part, repeal ; partly, restrict ; to detract from, disparage, depreci- ! ate. — v. i. To take away, detract. — a. Diminished in value ; damaged. — Derogation, n- Act of, etc. (Stock Exchange.) An alteration or lessening of a contract to sell stocks. — Derog'atory, -to-ri, a. Tending to, etc. ; injurious. — Derog'atorily, adv. j Derrick, der'rik, n. A mast supported at the top ' by stays or guys, with tackle for raising heavy weights.— Dei~rick crane. A crane, the boom or derrick of which can be brought to different angles with the upright. Derringer, dSr'rin-je'r, n. A short- ^ barreled, large-bored pistol. Dervis, -vise, der'vis, Der'vish, n. A Turkish or Persian monk ; esp., one who professes poverty and leads an austere life. Descant, des'kant, n. A variation of an air ; a discourse formed on its theme, like variations on a mu- sical air : a comment. (Mus.) The highest part in a score ; soprano ; a composition in parts ; art of composing in parts. — Descant', »■. *". To sing a variation or accompani- ment ; to comment, discourse with particularity. Descend, de-send', v. i. To pass to a lower place ; to come or go down in any way, etc. ; to plunge, fall : to make an attack, as if from a vantage-ground ; to lower one's self, condescend; to pass from the more general or important to the particular or more trivial; to be derived, proceed by generation or by transmis- sion. (Astron.) To move to the southward. (Mus.) To fall in tone, pass from a higher to a lower tone. — v. t. To go down upon or along ; to pass from the top to the bottom of. — Descend'ant, n. One who descends, as offspring, however remotely. — Descend'ent, a. Descending ; proceeding from an ancestor or source.— Descend'er, n. — Descend'ible, a. Admitting descent; capable of being transmitted by inheritance. — Descendibility, «.— Descen'sion, -sen'shun, n. Act of going downward; descent; deg- radation. — Descen'sional, a. Pert, to, etc. — De- scen'sive, -siv, a. Descending; tending downward; having power to descend.— Descent', n. Act of, etc.; incursion ; sudden attack ; progress downward, as in station, virtue, etc., from the more to the less im- portant, from the better to the worse, from a higher to a lower tone, etc. : derivation as from an ances- tor : lineage ; birth ; extraction ; transmission by succession or inheritance; sloping surface ; decliv- ity; thing derived; descendants : issue ; a step in the process of derivation ; a generation. Describe, de-skrlb', v. t. [-scribed (-skrtbd'), -scri- bing.] To form or represent by lines, real or imagi- nary ; to sketch in writing, give an account of, rep- resent, recount, explain, depict : to have or use the power of describing.— Description, -skrlp'shun. n. Act of describing ; sketch of anything in words ; class to which a representation applies ; qualities distinguishing such a class. — Descrip'tive, -tiv, a. Tending to, or having the quality of, etc. ; contain- ing description. — Descriptively, adv. — Descry, de-skri', v. t. [-scried (-skrid'), -scrying.] To dis- cover by the eye, as distant objects, faintly seen, espy, detect, discern. — Descri'er, n. Desecrate, des'e-krat, v. t. To divest of a sacred character: to treat sacrilegiously. Desert, de-zert', n. A reward. See under Deserve. Desert, de-zert', v. t. To part from, end connection with. (Mil.) To leave without permission, forsake in violation of duty. — v. i. To quit a service with- out permission, run away. — Des'ert, a. Forsaken; without life or cultivation: waste: barren; desolate. — n. A deserted or forsaken tract of land; a wilder- ness : solitude. — Desert'er, n. One who forsakes his duty, post, party, or friend ; esp. a soldier or seaman who quits the service without leave. — De- sertion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. Deserve, de-zgrv', v. t, [-served (-zervd'), -serving.] To earn by service, merit, be entitled to. — v. i. To be worthy of recompense. — Deserv'er, «.— Desert', n. Thing deserved ; reward or punishment merited; worth; due.— Deserv'edly, adv. Justly. — Deserv'- ingly, adv. In a deserving manner. )eshabi Deshabille, dcs-a-bii_', n. An undress ; careless toilet. Desiccate, des'ik-kat or de-sik'kat, v. t. To exhaust of moisture; to dry. Desiderate, Desideratum, etc. See under Desire. Design, de-sin' or -zm', v. t. [-signed (-smd' or -zind'), -signing.] To draw the preliminary out- line of, sketch for a model; to mark out and exhibit, appoint, designate ; to form a plan of, contrive ; to intend or purpose, —v. i. To have a purpose, in- tend.— n. A preliminary sketch; plan ; preliminary conception : scheme ; contrivance ; adaptation of means to a preconceived end ; object for which one plans; aim: intent; decorative figures, as of a medal, embroidery, etc.— Design'edly, -IT, adv. By design: intentionallv. — Design'able, a. Capable of being marked out— Designate, des'ig-nat, v. t. To mark out and make known, indicate, call by a distinctive title, denominate, style: to point out by distinguish- ing from others; to set apart for a purpose or duty. — Designa'tion, n. Act of, etc.; indicaiion: selection and appointment for a purpose; that which desig- nates: appellation; use or application: signification. Des'ignative, -tiv, ignator, -ter, n. Serving to indicate.— Des'- am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r ; DESIPIENT 103 DETERMINE DesiDient, de-sip'Y-ent, a. Trifling ; foolish. Desire, de-zlr', v. t. [-sired (-zird'), -siring.] To long for the enjoyment or possession of, wish for, express a wish for, entreat, request. — n. Natural eagerness to obtain any good ; expressed wish ; peti- tion ; object of longing ; inclination. — Desir'ous, -us, a. Feeling desire: covetous; eager. — Desir'- ously, adv. — Desir'ousness, n. — Desir'able, a. Worthy of, etc. ; fitted to excite a wish to possess.— Desir'ably. -blT, adv. — Desir'ableness, n. — Desid'- erate, -sid'er-at, v. t. To be' sensible of tlie lack of; to want, miss, desire. — Desid'erative, -tiv, a. Ex- pressing or denoting desire. — n. An object of de- sire : desideratum. {Grain.) A verb formed from another by change of termination, and expressing desire of doing what is indicated by the primitive verb. — Desid'era'tum, n. ; pi. -ta, -ta. That of which the lack is felt ; a want generally acknowl- edged. Desist, de-sist', v. i. To stand aside, cease to proceed or act, forbear. Desk, desk, n. A table with a sloping top; frame or case; pulpit; the clerical profession. Desman, des'man, n. ; pi. -mans, -manz. An amphib- ious animal; the musk-rat. Desmine, des'min, ». (Min.) A mineral that crystal- lizes in little silken tufts ; stilbite. — Desmol'ogy, -ji, n. (Plu/sioL) Science of the ligaments. Desolate, des'o-lat, v. I. To deprive of inhabitants, make desert; to lay waste, ruin, ravage.— a. Des- titute of inhabitants; laid waste, in a ruinous con- dition: left alone; without a companion; afflicted. — Desola'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; a desolate place or country ; ruin ; havoc ; devasta- tion: ravage; destitution; gloom. Despair, de-spar', v. i. [-spaired (-spard'), -spair- ing.] To be without hope; to give up all expecta- tion, despond. — n. Loss of hope ; that which is despaired of. — Des'pera'do, -per-a'do, n. A desper- ate fellow; one urged by furious passions; madman. — Des'perate, -at, a. Beyond hope ; despaired of; past cure; proceeding from despair; without regard to danger or safety ; rash ; headlong ; frantic. — Des'perately, adv. — Des'perateness, n. — Despera'- tion, n. Act of despairing ; state of despair or hope- lessness. Despatch. See Dispatch. Despise, de-spiz', v. t. [-spised (-spizd'), -spising.] To look upon with contempt, have a low opinion of, disdain, undervalue. — Despicable, a. Fit to be despised ; mean ; pitiful ; paltry : sordid ; base; degrading. — Des'picableness, n. — Des'picably, -blT, adv. — Despite', -spit', n. Extreme malice; angry hatred ; an act prompted by hatred. — prep. In spite of ; notwithstanding. Despoil, de-spoil"', v. t. [-spoiled (-spoild'), -spoil- ing.] To strip or divest, as of clothinsr ; to rob, be- reave, rifle. — Despo'lia'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. Despond, de-spond', z'- i. To give up, abandon hope, become depressed. — Despoiid'ence, -ency, -en-sT, n. State of desponding; discouragement; deiec- tion. — Despond'ent, a. Marked by, or given' to, etc. — Despond'ently, -ingly, adv. — Despond'er, n. Despot, des'pot, n. One who possesses absolute power over another; esp. a sovereign invested with abso- lute power ; one who rules regardless of a constitu- tion or laws ; a tyrant. — Despotic, -ical, a. Hav- ing the character of, or pert, to, a despot ; absolute in power ; tyrannical ; arbitrary. — Despotically, adv. — Des'potism, -izm, n. The power, spirit, or principles or, etc. ; tyranny ; a government directed by, etc.: absolutism; autocracy. Dessert, dez-zert', n. A service of pastry, fruits, etc., after an entertainment. Destemper, des-tem'per. Distem'per, n. (Paint.) A peculiar sort of painting with opaque colors, ground and diluted with water, glue, etc. Destine, des'tin, v. t. [-tined (-tind), -tinixg.] To determine the future condition or application of, set apart by design; to fix, as by an authoritative decree, design, devote, ordain, allot, bind. — Des- tination, n. Act of destining or appointing ; that to which anything is, etc. ; predetermined end, ob- ject, or use ; point aimed at ; purpose ; lot ; fate ; end. — Des'tiny, -ti-nY, n. That to which one is destined; fate; doom; thefixed order of things; the power conceived of as determining the future.— Des'tinist, n. A believer in destiny; fatalist. Destitute, des'tY-tut, a. In want; devoid; deficient; lacking; needy; indigent. — Destitution, n. State or condition of being, etc.; deprivation; poverty. Destroy, de-stroi', v. t. [-stroyed (-stroid'), -stkoy- ing.] To pull down, break up the structure and organic existence of; to bring to naught, put an end to, esp. to the life, prosperity, or beauty of; to de- molish, ruin, annihilate, kill. — Destroy'er, n. — Destructible, a. Liable to, or capable of being, etc. — Destruc'tibil'ity, -Y-tY, 7*.— Destruction, n. Act of , or state of bein»r, etc.: destroying agency; cause of ruin. — Destruc'tionist, n. One who de- lights in destroying that which is valuable. (Thenl.) One who believes in the final destruction of the wicked. — Destructive, -tiv, a. Causing destruc- tion; tending to bring about ruin, death, or devas- tation ; mortal ; deadly ; ruinous ; mischievous. — n. One who destroys ; a radical reformer; destruc- tionist. — Destructively, adv. — Destruc'tiveness, n. Quality of destroying. (Phren.) The faculty which impels to, etc. See Phrenology. Desuetude, des'we-tud, n. Cessation of use; discon- tinuance of practice, custom, etc.: disuse. Desultory, des'ul-to-rY, a. Leaping from one subject to another, without rational connection; without logical sequence ; disconnected ; rambling ; loose. Detach, de-tach', v. t. [-tached (-tacht'), -tach- ing.] To part, separate, disunite: to separate for a special object, — used esp. in military language.— Detacb/ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. ; thing detached, esp. a body of troops or part of a fleet detailed for special service. Detail, de-tal', v. t. [-tailed (-tald'), -tailing.] To relate in particulars, particularize. (Mil.) To ap- point for a particular service. —Detail, de'tal or de-tal', n. A minute portion; a particular, — used chiefly in the plural; a narrative of minute points. (Mil.) The selection for a particular service of a person or company; person or company so selected. Detain, de-tan"', v. t" [-TAiNEU(-tand'), -taixing.] To keep back or from, restrain from proceeding, hold in custody, arrest, check, delay, hinder. — Detain'- er, re. One who detains. (Law.) Detention of what is another's, even when the original taking was law- ful. (Enn. Law.) A writ authorizing a prison- keeper to keep a person in custody. —Detain 'ment, n. Act of detaining. —Detain'' der, n. (Law.) A writ. — Detinue, -T-nu, ?;. A person or thing de- tained.— Detent', n. (Mech.) That which locks or unlocks a movement, as wheelwork in a clock. — Deten'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. ; re- straint; delay. Detect, de-tekt', v. t. To uncover, find out, bring to light, discover, expose. — Detect'er, -or, -Sr, n. — De- tec'tion, n. Act of, etc.; discovery. — Detective, -iv, a. Fitted for, skilled, or employed in, etc. — n. A policeman whose business is to de'tect rogues. Deter, de-ter', v. t. [-terred (-terd'), -terking.] To prevent by fear; to hinder or prevent by opposing motives from doing that to which one is impelled. — Deter 'ment, n. Act of, etc.; that which, etc. — Deter'rent, -ter'rent, a. Tending to, etc. Deteriorate, de-te'rY-o-rat, v. i. To make worse. — v. i. To grow worse, be impaired in quality, degen- erate. — Dete'riora'tion, n. Determine, de-ter'min, v. t. [-mined (-mind), -'min- ing.] To fix the boundaries of, mark off and sepa- rate, set bounds to, bring to an end, fix the form or character of; to bring about, as a cause, an effect; to fix the course of, impel, direct, ascertain definitely, settle by authoritative sentence, resolve on, bring to a conclusion or resolve. (Lonic.) To define or limit by adding a differentia. (plnisit:al Sr.) To ascer- tain the quantity of. — v. i. To come to a decision, limit, settle, shape, decide. — Deter'miner, n. — De- ter'minable, a. — Deter 'minant, n. That which serves to determine. (Math.) The sum of a series of products of several numbers, formed according to specified laws. —Deter 'minate, -nat, a. Having defined limits; fixed: established: conclusive: posi- tive. — Detor'minately, adv. — Deter'mina'tion, n. sun, cube, full ; moon, fcJot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxboif , chair, get. DETERRENT 104 DEXTER Act of determining, or state of being determined; tendency to a certain end; a judicial decision, or ending of controversy ; thing determined upon ; resoluteness; decision of mind. (Chem.) The as- certaining the amount of any ingredient in a sub- stance. (Logic.) Act of limiting a concept or no- tion by giving its essential constituents; addition of a differentia to a concept or notion, dividing its extent. {Nat. Hist.) The referring of minerals, plants, etc., to their species. — Deter'minative, -tiv, a. Having power to determine; conclusive. Deterrent. See under Deter. Detest, de-test', v. t. To hate extremely, abominate, loathe.— Detestable, a. Worthy of , etc.; abomin- able; execrable; abhorred. — Detest'ably, adv.— Detestation, det'es- or de'tes-ta'shun, n. Act of, etc.; hatred; loathing. — Detest'er, n. Dethrone, de-thron', v. t. [-throned (-thrond'), -throning.] To remove or drive from a throne, de- pose. — Dethrone'' ment, n. Deposition. Detinue. See under Detain. Detonate, det'o-nat, v. i. (Chem.) To explode with a sudden report, — v. t. To cause to explode. — De- tona'tion, n. Explosion by inflammation of com- bustible bodies. — Det'onize, -niz, v. t. [-nized (-nlzd), -nizing.] To cause to explode, burn with an explosion, calcine with detonation. — v. i. To detonate. _ De'tour, da-toor', n. A turning; circuitous route ; deviation from the straight or usual path. Detract, de-trakt', v. t. To take away, take credit or reputation from, decry, depreciate, vilify, slander, traduce. — v. i. To remove a part, take away repu- tation, depreciate worth. — Detraction, n. Act of, etc.; calumny; aspersion; censure.— Detract'or, -er, ».— Detract'ress, n. A female detractor:— Detract'- ory, -o-rT, a. Defamatory; derogatory. Detriment, det'rY-ment, n. That which causes dam- age ; diminution; injury; mischief ; harm. — Detri- mental, a. Causing detriment; pernicious. — De- trition, -trish'un, n. A wearing off or away. — De- tri'tus, n. (Oeol.) A mass of matter worn from solid bodies by attrition. Deuce, dus, n. (Gaming.) Two; a card or die with 2 spots. An evil spirit; demon; the devil. — Deu'ced, -sed, a. Devilish; extravagant; enormous. Deuterogamy, du-ter-og'a-mi, n. A 2d marriage, after the death of the first husband or wife. — Deuteron'- omy, -o-mT, n. {Bibl.) The 5th book of the Penta- teuch, containing the 2d giving of the law by Moses. — Deuterop'athy, -tht, n. (Med.) A sympathetic affection, as headache from an overloaded stomach. — Deuteros'copy, -pT, n. Second sight; meaning be- yond the literal sense; second intention. — Deutox'- lde, -id, n. (Chem.) A compound of 2 equivalents of oxygen with. 1 of a base. Devastate, dev'as- or de-vas'tat, v. t. To lay waste, desolate, demolish, pillage. — Devastation, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. {Law.) Waste of the goods of the deceased by an administrator. Develop, de-vel'up, v. t. [-oped (-upt), -oping.] To free from a cover or envelope, disclose or make known, unfold gradually, exhibit, detect. (Math.) To change the form of (an algebraic expression) by executing indicated operations without changing the value. {Photog.) To render (a picture) visible by subjecting it to chemical action. — v. i. To go through a natural evolution, bj' successive changes to a more perfect state; to become visible gradually. — Development, n. Act of , etc. {Math.) Act of ex- panding an expression into another of equivalent meaning; the equivalent expression into which an- other has been developed. — Development theory. {Nat. Hist.) Doctrine that all existing forms of matter and spirit were developed by uniform laws from simpler forms, without creative act. Devest, de-vest', v. t. To divest. (Law.) To alienate, as title or right, deprive of. — v. i. To be lost or alienated, as a title or an estate. [Except in the legal sense, spelled divest, q. v.] Deviate, de'vi-St, v. i. To go out of one's way, turn aside from a course, digress, err. — Devia'tion, n. Act of, etc. ; state of having deviated ; error. — De'- vious, -vY-us, a. Out of a straight line ; indirect; going out of the right course of conduct. Device. See under Devise. Devil, dev'l, n. The evil one, Satan, represented in Scripture as the traducer, father of lies, tempter, ^ etc.; an evil spirit; false god; an expletive express- ** ing emphasis. (Manuf.) A revolving cylinder armed with spikes, for tearing, cutting, or opening raw materials, as cotton, wool, rags, etc. A very wicked person ; a dish, broiled with much pepper.— v. t. To make like a devil; to cut up cloth or rags in, etc.; to grill with pepper.— Devilish, dev'lish, a. Like, or pert, to, the devil; wicked in the extreme; infernal; hellish ; satanic ; detestable. — Dev'iltry, -1-trY, n. Diabolism ; malicious mischief. — Dev'ilkin, n. A little devil.— Dev'il's-darn'ing-nee'dle, n. A dragon- fly, having a long, cylindrical body, resembling a needle.— Dev'il-fish, n. A name of several sea-crea- tures, esp. of a genus of ray found in the Atlantic, and of the cuttle-fish. — Di'abol'ic, -ical, a. Like, or pert, to, the devil; impious; demoniac— Diablerie, dya'bl-re', Diab'lery, dY-ab'ler-Y, n. Deviltry; sor- cery; mischief. Devious. See under Deviate. Devise, de-viz', v. t. [-vised (-vlzd'), -vising.] To form in the mind by new combinations of ideas, ap- plications of principles, or arrangement of parts; to strike out by thought; to plan for, purpose to ob- tain. {Law.) To give by will, — used of real estate; to bequeath. — v. i. To form a scheme, lay a plan, contrive.— n. Act of disposing of real estate by will; a will or testament, properly of real estate; property given by will. — Devis'er, n. One who devises; an inventor. — Devis'or, -6r, n. (Law.) One who gives real estate by will; a testator. — Device, de-vis"', n. Thing devised, or formed by design; contrivance; invention ; a stratagem ; a heraldic motto, usually connected with an emblematic picture; power of de- vising; invention; genius. Devoid, de-void', a. Destitute; not in possession. Devolve, de-volv', v. t. [-volved (-volvd'), -volving.] To roll onward or downward, overthrow; to trans- fer from one to another, deliver over, hand down. — v. i. To pass by transmission or succession ; to be handed over or down. — Devolution, n. Act of, etc. Devote, de-vot', v . t. To appropriate by vow, set apart by a solemn act ; to consign over, execrate, doom to evil; to give up wholly, direct the attention of wholly or chiefly ; to attach, addict, dedicate, resign, doom, consign. — Devot'edness, n. State of being, etc. ; addictedness. — Devotee', n. One wholly devoted, esp. to religion; one superstitiously given" to religious ceremonies; a bigot. — Devot'er, n. — Devo'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. ; af- fection; esp. feelings toward God appropriate to the act of worship; religiousness; piety; act of devoted- ness or devoutness: thing consecrated; an object of affection. — Devo'tional, a. Pert, to, used in, or suited to, devotion.— Devout, -vowt', a. Absorbed in religious feelings ; pious ; reverent ; expressing pietv; warmly devoted; earnest; prayerful; sincere. — Devout'ly, adv. — Devout'ness, n. Devour, de-vowr', v. t. [-voured (-vowrd'), -vour- ing.] To eat up greedily, consume ravenously; to seize on and destroy or appropriate greedily, self- ishly, or wantonly; to enjoy with avidity, consume, waste, annihilate. Dew, dti, n. Moisture from the atmosphere condensed by cool bodies upon their surfaces, esp. at night. — v. I. [dewed (dud), dewing.] To wet with dew. — Dew'y, -t, a. Covered, or appearing as if covered, with dew; pert, to or like dew; falling gently.— Dew'iness, n. — Dew'-drop, n. A drop of dew. — -lap, n. The fold of skin, etc., hanging from the throats of oxen, which laps or licks the dew in grazing; a fold of skin, etc., on the human throat or chin, esp. when flaccid with age. — point, n. (Meteor.) The temperature at which dew begins to form. — ret'ting, n. Process of softening and re- moving mucilage from the fibrous and cellular por- tions of flax and hemp, by exposing the stalks to dew, rain, sun, and air. Dexter, deks'ter, a. Pert, to, or on, the right hand; right, as opp. to left.— Dexterity, -ter'Tf-tT , n. Readi- ness and physical grace; activity of the mind; quick- ness and skill in managing affairs; adroitness; tact; am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, i|ce ; Odd, tone, or ; DEY 105 DIE not ad- aptitude ; faculty. — Dexterous, -trous, -trus, a. Ready and expert; skillful in contrivance ; quick at inventing expedients ; done with dexterity ; apt ; handy; versed. — Dex'terously, adv. — Dex'terous- ness, n. Dey, da, n. The European title for the governor of Algeria, before its conquest by the French. Diabetes, di-a-be'tez, n. sing. &pl. (Med.) A disease attended with a persistent, excessive discharge of urine. Diablerie, Diabolic, etc. See under Devil. Diaconal. Diaconate. See under Deacox. Diacoustic, di-a-kows'tik or -koos'tik, a. Pert, to the science of refracted sounds. — Diacous'tics, n. Sci- ence of the properties of sound refracted through different mediums. Diacritic, -ical, di-a-krifik-al, a. Separating; indica- ting something to be distinguished. Diadem, di'a-dem, n. A fillet, worn as a badge of royalty ; a crown ; sovereignty ; "dignity. {Her.) An arch rising from the rim of a crown, and uniting with others over its center. Diaeresis, Dieresis, di-er'e-sis, n. ; pi. -ses, -sez. ( Gram.) The separation of 1 syllable into 2 ; a mark [ " ] over the second of 2 adjacent vowels, to denote that they are to be pronounced separately, as, aerial. Diagnosis, di-ag-no'sis, n. (Med.) Determination of a disease by distinctive characteristics. Scientific de- termination of any kind. Diagonal, di-ag'o-nal, a. (Geom.) Joinin; jacent angles of a quadrilateral or multilateral figure, and divid- ing it into 2 parts ; crossing at an angle with one of the sides. — n. A right line drawn from one an- gle to another, not adjacent, of a figure of 4 or more sides. — Diag'- -Diagonal. onally, -IT, adv. In a diagonal direction. Diagram, di'a-gram, n. (Geom.) A figure to illus- trate a statement, or facilitate a demonstration. An illustrative outline or drawing. — Di'agraph, -graf , n. An instrument used in perspective. Dial, di'al, n. An instrument showing the time of day from the shadow of a style on a graduated sur- face ; the graduated face of a time-piece on which the time is shown by pointers. Dialect, di'a-lekt, n. Means or mode of expressing thoughts ; language ; tongue ; local form of a lan- guage ; idiom ; phraseology. — Dialec'tics, n. sing. That branch of logic which teaches the rules of rea- soning ; application of logical principles to discur- sive reasoning. — Di'alecti'cian, -tish'an, n. One versed in dialectics ; a logician ; reasoner. — Dia- logue, -log, n. A conversation between two or more, esp. in theatrical performances ; a composition in which persons are represented as conversing. Diamagnetic, di'a-mag-nefik, a. Pert, to, or exhibit- ing the phenomena of, diamagnetism. — n. A sub- stance which, in a field of magnetic force, takes a position at right angles to that of the ordinary mag- net. — Di'amagnefically, adv. Diameter, di-am'e-ter, n. (Geom.) A right line through the center of a figure or body, terminated by the opposite boundaries. Length of a straight fine through the cen- ter of an object from side to side; width; thickness. (Arch.) The distance through the lower part of the shaft of a column, „. used as a unit for measuring all the parts -Diameter, of an order. — Diamet'ric, -rical, a. Pert, to, etc. ; directly adverse. — Diamet'rically, adv. lu a dia- metrical direction ; directly. Diamond, di'a-mund or di'mund, n. A mineral and gem remarkable for hardness ; crystallized . carbon ; a geometrical figure otherwise f\ called rhombus or lozenge ; one of a suit of / \ playing cards, stamped with the figure of a / \ diamond. (Print.) A small type, in size \ / between pearl and brilliant. * \ / 83" This Hue is printed in the type called Diamond. \/ Diapason, di-a-pa'zon, n. (Gr. Mus.) The oc- -p.. tave or interval which includes all the L)la : tones. Concord, as of notes an octave mona - apart ; harmony ; entire compass of tones ; scale or pitch for giving a standard pitch ; one of certain stops in the organ, which extend through the scale of the instrument. Diaper, di'a-per, n. Figured linen cloth for towels, napkins, etc. ; a towel or napkin ; infant's breech- cloth. (Arch.) Paneling filled up with arabesque gilding and painting, or with wrought work in low relief. — v. t. [diapered (-perd), -perixg.] To variegate with figures, as cloth ; to put a diaper on, as a child, —v.i. To draw figures. Diaphanous, di-afa-nus, a. Transmitting rays of light, as glass; transparent; clear. Diaphragm, di'a-fram, n. A dividing membrane or partition, commonly with an opening^ through it. (Anat.) The muscle separating the chest from the abdomen ; midriff. Diarrhea, -rhoea, di-ar-re'a, n. (Med.) A morbidly frequent evacuation of the intestines. Diary, di'a-rl, n. A register of daily occurrences ; journal; blank-book dated for dailv memoranda. Diastole, di-as'to-le, n. (Med.) A dilatation of the heart. ( G>-am.) A figure by which a syllable nat- urally short is made long. Diathesis, di-ath'e-sis, re. (Med.) Bodily condition, esp. that which predisposes to a particular disease. Diatonic, di-a-ton'ik, a. (Mus.) Pert, to the scale of S tones, the 8th of which is the octave of the first. Diatribe, di'a-trib, n. A continued discourse or dis- putation; an invective harangue; reviling; reproach. Dibber, dib'ber, Dibble, dib'bl, n. A pointed hand instrument, to make holes for planting seeds, etc. — Dib'ble, v. t. [dibbled (-bid), -blixg.] To plant with a dibble, make holes for planting seeds, etc. — v. i. To dip, as in angling. Dice, etc. See under Die, n. Dicker, dik'er, n. The number of 10, esp. 10 hides or skins ; a chaffering barter of small wares. — v. i. To negotiate a dicker; to barter. Dickey, Dicky, dik'i, n. A seat behind a carriage, for servants, etc. ; a bosom to tie over the front of a shirt ; a shirt-collar. Dicotyledon, di'kot-T.-le'Vlon, n. (Bot.) A plant whose seeds divide into 2 lobes in germinating. — Di'coty- led'onous, -nus, a. Having 2 cotyledons. Dictate, dik'tat, v. t. To deliver, state, or utter, for another to reduce to writing ; to communicate with authority ; to deliver to a subordinate, as a com- mand; to prescribe, enjoin, urge. — v. i. To deliver commands.— n. A statement delivered with author- ity ; authoritative rule or principle : order ; direc- tion; impulse; admonition. — Dicta'tion, n. — Dic- ta'tor, -ter. n. One who, etc. ; one invested with ab- solute authority, esp. in times of distress. — Dicta- torial, -rl-al, a. Pert, or suited to a dictator; ab- solute ; imperious : overbearing. — Dictato'rially, adv. — Dictatorship, n. Office or term of office of, etc. — Dicta'tress. -trix, u. A female who dictates. — Dicta'ture, -ta'chur, n. Dictatorship. Diction, dik'shun, n. Choice of words ; selection of terms; style ; phraseology. — Dic'tum, n. ; pi. -ta, -ta. An authoritative saying or assertion. (Law.) A judicial opinion by judges on points not necessa- rily in the case. — Dictionary, -a-rl, n. A book in which words are alphabetically arranged and ex- plained 1 : a lexicon ; vocabulary ; a work containing information in any department of knowledge, ar- ranged alphabetically, under heads. Did. See Do. Didactic, -tical, di-dak'tik-al, a. Fitted or inclined to teach ; arranged in a form suitable for instruc- tion; preceptive. Didapper, did'ap-er, n. A diving bird; the black-chin grehe; dab-chick. Diddle, did'dl, v. i. To totter, as a child in walking. Dido, di'do, n. ; pi. -dos, -doz. A trick; antic; caper. Didst. Second per. imp. of do. See Do. Die, di, v. i. [died (did), dying.] To cease to live, become dead, expire, become lost or extinct ; to sink, faint; languish, with weakness, discourage- ment, love, etc. ; become indiffer- ent; to recede and grow fainter, become imperceptible; to become vapid, flat, or spiritless, as liquor. Die, di, n. A small cube, marked itj== on its faces with spots from 1 to f>, used in gaming, by being thrown -Dice. sun, cube, full ;. moon, f<56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbox, chair, get. DIERESIS 106 DILEMMA from a box; any small cubical body. [PL, in this sense, Dice (dls) ; in the following senses, Dies (dlz).] (Arch.) The cubical part of the pedestal, be- tween base and cornice. The piece of metal on which is cut a device to be stamped (on a coin, medal, etc.); one of two pieces of hardened steel forming together a female screw for cutting the threads of screws. — Dice, dis, n. ; pi. of die. A game.— v. i. To play with dice. — Df cer, n. One who, etc. — Die'sink'ing, n. Process of engraving dies. — stock, n. An imple- ment for holding dies while cutting threads on screws. Dieresis. Same as Di.eresis. Dies non, di'ez-non. (Law.) A day on which courts are not held. Diet, di'et, n. Habitual food ; victuals ; course of food selected with reference to a particular state of health. — v.t. To feed, nourish, esp. sparingly, or bv rule. — v. i. To eat, feed, esp. to eat sparingly.— Df etary, -a-ri, a. Pert, to, etc. — n. Rule of diet; allowance of food. — Dietefic. -ical, a. Pert, to the rules of, etc. — Dietet'ics, n. That part of medicine or hygiene relating to, etc— Diet'er, -a'rian, n. One who observes rules for, etc. Diet, di'et, n. A legislative or administrative assem- bly in some countries of Europe. Differ, differ, v. i. [-fered (-ferd), -ferixg.] To be or stand apart, disagree, be unlike or discordant; to have a difference or quarrel. — ?•. t. To cause to be different or unlike.— Difference, -ens, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; disagreement; cause of dis- sension; occasion of quarrel; that by which one thing differs from another ; characteristic quality. (Logic.) Quality or attribute added to those of the genus to constitute a species; differentia. (Math.) The quantity by which one quantity differs from another, — v. t. [differenced (-enst), -excixg.] To cause to differ, make different, distinguish.— Different, a. Distinct; of various or contrary na- ture, form, or quality; unlike ; dissimilar. —Dif- ferently, adv.— Differentiate, -shi-at, v. t. (Math.) To obtain the differential, or differential coefficient of. (Logic.) To distinguish or describe, by giving the differentia, or specific difference of a thing; to define exactly, specialize. — i>. i. To constitute, mark, or show a difference; to discriminate. — Dif- feren'tia'tion, -shY-a'shun, n. (Logic.) Act of dis- tinguishing a thing, by giving its differentia, or spe- cific difference. (Math.) Act or process of differen- tiating. (Physiol.) Production of a diversity of parts by a process of evolution or development. (Metaph.) Tendenc.v in being, organic or inorganic, to assume more complex structure or functions. — Difceren'tia, -shl-a, n. (Logic.) The distinguish- ing part of the essence of a species: specific differ- ence.— Difteren'tial, -shal. a. Creating a difference; discriminating; special. (Math.) Pert, to a differen- tial. (Mech.) Differing in amount or in producing force, — said of motions or effects; intended to pro- duce difference of motion or effect, — said of ma- chinery, etc. — n. (Math.) An increment, usually an indefinitely small one, given to a variable quantity. Difficulty, dif f i-kul-tT, n. State of being hard to ac- complish, or to deal with; a thing ham to accom- plish ; a controversy ; variance or disagreement ; obstacle; perplexity; distress: objection.— Dif ficult, a. Hard to make, do, or perform: beset with diffi- culty ; not easily wrought upon : not compliant ; painful; austere ;' rigid. —Dif ficultly, adv. Diffident, diffl-dent, a. Wanting confidence in others, orin one's self : distrustful: timid: bashful; reserved. — Dif fidently, adv .— Dif fidence, -dens, n. State of being, etc. Diffuse. dif-tuz r , v. t. [-fused (-fuzd'), -fusixg.] To pour out and spread, as a fluid; to send out. or ex- tend, in all directions ; to expand, disseminate, spend, publish, proclaim. — Diffus'er. n.— Diffus' r - edly, adv. In a diffused manner: dispersedlv. — Diffus'edness, n. — Diffrf sible, -zT-bl, a. Capable of being, etc.— Diffu'sibifity, ».— - Diffifsion, -zhun, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; dissemination; spread; propagation; dispersion.— Diffuse'', -lus', a. Poured out; widely spread; not restrained, esp. as to style; copious: prolix. Dig, dig, v. t. [dug or (obs.) digged (digd), dig- Digitate Leaf. gixg.] To turn and throw up, as the earth ; to loosen or remove with a spade, etc.; to delve; to hollow out, as a well; form, as a ditch; excavate. — v. i. To work with a spade, etc., do servile work, delve. Digarnma, di-ganfma, re. A letter (F) of the Greek alphabet, which early fell into disuse, pron., prob., like E. w. Digest, di-iesf, v. t. To arrange methodically; work over and classify ; to prepare in the stomach for conversion into blood, turn into chyme, — said of food; to think over, reflect upon. (Chem.) To soften by heat and. moisture. (Med.) To suppurate, —v. i. To undergo digestion; be prepared by heat, suppu- rate.— Dfgest, n. Thing digested; esp. that which is worked over, classified, and arranged; compen- dium; abridgment; pandect; a collection of Roman laws. — Diges'tion, -chun, n. Act of digesting; class- ification; conversion of food into chyme; prepara- tion by heat and moisture; gradual solution; pro- duction of pus. — Digest'ive, -iv, a. Causing, used for, or pert, to digestion. Digit, dij^it, n. A finger; a finger's breadth, or 3-4ths of an inch. (Arith.) One of the ten figures, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, by which numbers are expressed. (Astron.) A 12th part of the diameter of the sun or moon. — Dig'ital, a. Pert, to the fingers, or to digits. — Dig'itate, -tated, a. (Lot.) Having leaflets ar- ranged, like fingers, at the extremity of a stem, or petiole. Dignify, dig'nY-fi, v. t. [-FIED (-fid), -FYIXG.] To invest with dignity or honor, give distinction to. — Dig/nity, -tT, n. State of being worthy or hon- orable ; elevation of mind or of rank; quality inspir- ing respect ; loftiness and elegance : one holding high rank. — Dig'nitary, -ta-rT, n. One who pos- sesses exalted rank, esp. ecclesiastical rank. Digraph, di'graf, n. A combination of 2 written characters to express one sound. Digress, dl-gres'', v. i. [-gressed (-gresf), -gress- ing.] To turn aside; esp. in writing or speaking, to turn aside from the main subject of attention or course of argument; to turn aside from the right path, deviate, amplify, transgress. — Digression, -greslfun, n. Act of, etc.; part of a discourse devi- ating from its main design; transgression; offense. — Digres'sional, a. Pert, to, or consisting in, etc. — Digres'sive. -iv, a. Departing from the main sub- ject. — Digress'ively, adv. Dike, dik, n. A ditch; channel for water made by digging : bank thrown up to exclude water from low lands. (Geol.) A wall-like mass of mineral matter, filling up fissures in the original strata, — v. t. [diked (dikt), dikixg.] To surround, protect, or drain bv dikes. Dilapidate, 'dl-hip'T-dat, v. t. To suffer to fall into decay or partial ruin ; to diminish by waste and abuse, squander, — v. i. To get out of repair, be- come decayed, go to ruin.— Dilapidation, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; ecclesiastical waste. Dilate, dT-laf or di-laf, v. t. To enlarge or extend in all directions, expand, distend, spread out, am- plify, expatiate. — v. i. To expand, swell; to speak largely and copiously, expatiate, descant. — Dikf- tion. 7i. Act of, or state of being, etc. ; expansion. — DiTata'tion, n. Same as dilation. — Dila 'table, a. — Dila'tabifity, n. — Dila'tive, a. Causing dilata- tion. — Dilafor, n. That which expands; a muscle that dilates any part. — Dil'atory, -to-rt, a. Inclined to put off what ought to be done at once: given to, or marked with procrastination; intended to make delay, or to gain time and defer action; sluggish; backward; tardy. — Difatorily, adv. Dilemma, df-lenf ma or dl-lenfma, n. (Logic.) An argument which affords an antagonist alternatives, but is conclusive against him, whichever alterna- tive he chooses. A perplexing state ; difficult or doubtful choice. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r ; DILETTANT 107 DIRECT Dilettant, dil-et-tanf, -tante, -tanla, n. ; pi. -tanti, -te. An admirer of the fine arts ; an amateur ; esp. one who follows an art desultorily, without serious jmrpose, or for amusement. Diligent, dil'I-jent, a. Interestedly and perseveringly attentive ; steady in application to business : prose- cuted with care and constant effort ; assiduous ; sedulous; industrious; careful.— Diligence, -j ens, n. Quality of being, etc.; assiduity; industry. Diligence, de-le-zhaNs', n. A French stage-coach. [F.] Dill, dil, n. A plant bearing pungent and aromatic seeds. Dilly-dally .dilli-dalli, v. i. To loiter or trifle. Dilute, di-luf, v.t. To make thinner or more liquid by admixture with something ; to diminish, by mix- ing, the strength, flavor, color, etc., of ; to reduce, esp. by addition of water. — v.i. To become thin. — a. Thin ; attenuated ; reduced in strength, as spirit or color. — Dilut'er, n. — Dilu'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. — Dil'uent, -u-ent, a. Diluting. — n. That which, etc.; esp. what weakens the blood, by mixture with it. — Dilu'vial, -vY-al, a. Pert, to, or produced by, a deluge, esp. the deluge in Noah's days. — Dilu'vian, a. Pert, to a deluge. Dim, dim, a. Not bright or distinct; of obscure luster, sound, or vision; dull of apprehension; dark; mys- terious, sullied, tarnished. — v. t. [dimmed (dim'd), dimming.] To render obscure, darken, dull ; to de- prive of distinct vision, darken the senses or under- standing of. — Dimly, adv. — Dimliess, n. Dime, dim, n. A silver coin of the United States, worth 10 cents; the tenth of a dollar. Dimension, dl-men'shun, a. Measurement in length, breadth, and thickness ; extent ; size ; application; importance. {Alg.) A literal factor, as numbered in characterizing a term. Diminish, dT-minlsh, v. t. [-isiied (-isht), -ishing.] To make smaller : to lessen the authority or dignity of. {Mas.) To make smaller by a semitone. To take away, subtract, abate, reduce, impair. — v. i. To become or appear less or smaller ; to lessen. — Diminlsher, n. — Diminulion, -nu'shun, n. Act of , or state of being, etc.; reduction in size, quan- tity, degree, dignity, or consideration. {Law.) Omis- sion, inaccuracy, or defect in a record. — Diminli- tive, -tiv, a. Of small size; minute; little.— n. Some- thing of small size or value ; insignificant thing. {Gram.) A derivative from a noun, denoting a small or young object of the kind denoted ~— - ==== ^ by the primitive. — Dimin^utively, — ; — ~ adv. — Dimin^utiveness, n. — Dimin'- Diminuendo, uen'do, adv. (Jlus.) In a gradually diminishing manner, — a direction, written on the staff or indi- cated as in the margin. Dimity, dim'T-ti, n. A ,kind of stout, white, cotton cloth, ribbed or figured. Dimple, dim'pl, n. A slight natural depression on the surface of the body, esp. on the cheek or chin ; indentation on any surface. — v. i. [dimpled (-pld), -pling.] To form dimples, sink into depressions. — v.t. To mark with, etc. Din, din, n. Loud, stunning noise : racket ; clamor.— v. t. [dinned (dind), -ning.] To strike with con- tinued or confused sound; to stun with noise. Dine, din, v. i. [dined (dind), dining.] To partake of the noon meal, or principal meal of the day ; to take dinner.— v. t. To give a dinner to or at.— Din"- ner, n. The principal meal ; entertainment : feast. Ding, ding, v. i. [dinged (dingd), dinging.] To talk with vehemence, importunity, or reiteration ; to bluster; to sound, as a bell, ring, tinkle, — n. A thump or stroke, esp. of a bell.— Ding'-dong, n. The sound of bells; a repeated and monotonous sound. Dingle, din'gl, n. A narrow dale or valley between hills. Dingy, din'ji, a. [-gier. -giest.] Soiled; sullied; of dark color; dun. — Din'giness, n. Dinner. See under Dine. Dint, dint, v. t. To make a small cavity on, by a blow or pressure. Diocese, di'o-ses, n. The district in which a bishop exercises ecclesiastical authority. — Diocesan, di-os'- e-san or di'o-se'san, a. Pert, to, etc. — n. A bishop. Dip, dip, v. t. [dipped (dipt) or dipt, dipping.] To immerse in a fluid and withdraw again ; to plunge, as into difficulty, engage ; to take out by immersing and removing again some receptacle, as a ladle, pail, etc. — v. i. To immerse one's self ; to remove some- thing, by immersing and withdrawing; a receptacle; to thrust in and partake ; to enter slightly or curso- rily; to incline downward. — n. Action of dipping, or of plunging for a moment into a liquid ; inclina- tion downward ; slope ; pitch ; sauce to be dipped out with a spoon ; a dipped candle. — Dip'per, n. One who, or that which, etc. ; a vessel for dipping liquids. {Ornith.) A small diving bird, resembling the blackbird; the dabchick, a N. Amer. grebe; also, the spirit-duck, of N. Amer. {Astron.) The 7 prin- cipal stars in the constellation of the Great Bear,— arranged in the form of a dipper. Diphtheria, dif- or dip-the'ri-a, n. {Med.) A virulent zymotic disease, in which the mucous membrane, esp. of the throat and air passages, becomes coated with a false membrane. — Diphtheric, -therlk, -the- ritlc, a. Pert, to, etc. Diphthong, dif- or diphthong, n. (Orthoepy.) A union of 2 vowel sounds pronounced in one sylla- ble, as, ou in out, — called a proper diphthong ; union of two vowels in the same syllable, only one of them being sounded, as, ai in ram, — called an improper diphthong. — Diphthongal, -thon''gal, a. Pert, to, or consisting of, etc. Diploma, dt-plo'ma, n. ; pi. -mas, -maz. Orig. a state letter of recommendation, —consisting of 2 leaves ; a writing conferring some authority, privilege, hon- or, etc.; esp. a record of a literary degree. — Diplo"- macy, -si, -matism, -tizm, n. Art of conducting ne- gotiations between nations, esp. in securing treaties; dexterity in securing advantages. — Diplomat, -mate, -mat, -mafic, Diplo'matist, n. One em- ployed or skilled in, etc. —Diplomatic, -ical, a. — Diplomatically, adv. — Diplomatics, n. Science of diplomas, or art of reading ancient writings, public documents, etc.; paleography. Dipper. See under Dip. Dipsomania, dip-so-maliY-a, n. Inordinate desire for alcoholic liquors; cenomania. Dipteral, dipler-al, a. {Eaton only. (Anc. Arch.) Having a double row of columns on each flank, as well as in front and rear. — Dip'ter- ous, -us, a. Having 2 wings, as among insects, or wing- like processes, as in plants. Dire, dir, a. Evil in a great degree; dreadful; horrible; ■terrible. — Dire'ness, n. — Direful, -lul, a. Same as Dike. — Dire'fully, adv. Direct, dY-rekt', a. Straight; not crooked, oblique, or cir- cuitous ; straightforward : not swerving from truth and openness; sincere; immediate; unambiguous; absolute ; in the line of descent ; not collateral. {Astron.) In the direction of the general planetary motion, or from west to east. — v. t. To give direc- tion or bearing to ; to determine the course of; to point out the proper course to, put upon the right track ; to instruct as a superior ; to put a direction or address upon, superscribe. — v.i. To give direc- tion, act as guide.— Directly, adv. In a direct, im- mediate, express, or absolute manner: straightway! immediately. — Direcfness, n. — Direct'er, n. — Direclion, n. Act of directing, or of aiming, regu- lating, guiding, or ordering; authoritative instruc- tion ; address of a person written upon a thing sent; superscription; course upon which anything is moving or aimed to move; line or point of tend- ency ; body of persons charged with the manage- ment of a matter ; administration ; management ; government. — Directive, -iv, a. Having power, or tending, to direct. — Direct'or, -er, n. One who, or that which, etc. ; esp. one of a body of persons ap- pointed to manage the affairs of a company ; part of a machine which directs its motion or action. — Direct'orate, -rat, n. A body of directors, or the office of director. — Directorial, -rt-al, a. Having the quality of, or pert, to a director or directory. — Hav Dipterous Insect. n, balancers or poisers. sun, cube, full ; moon, fo~6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boNboN, chair, get. DIREFTION 108 DISCOMFIT Directorship, n. Office of, etc. — Direct'ory, -rl. a. Containing directions ; directorial. — n. A col- lection of directions, rules, or ordinances ; esp. a book of directions for the conduct of worship : a book containing the names and residences of the in- habitants of any place : a body of directors ; esp. a committee which held executive power in France under the first republic. Direption, dl-rep'snun, n. Act of plundering or de- spoiling. Dirge, derj, n. A piece of mournful music, to accom- pany funeral rites. Dirk, aerk, n. A kind of dagger or poniard. — v. t. To stab with, etc. Dirt, dert, n. Any filthy substance, as excrement, earth, mud, dust, etc. — v. t. To make foul or filthy: to soil, dirty. — Dirfy, -I, a. [dirtier, dirtiest.] Defiled with dirt: nasty: filthy; foul; serving to de- file; sordid; base; groveling.— p. t. [dirtied (-rid), dirtyixg.] To make filthv, soil : to tarnish, scan- dalize. — Dirt'ily. adv. — Dirt'iness, n. Diruption, dl-rup'shun, n. A bursting or rending asunder. Disable, dis-a'bl, v. t. [-abled (-a'bld), -ablixg.] To render unable or incapable, make unfit for service, disqualify, incapacitate. {Laic.) To deprive of legal right or qualification. — Disability, -I-ti, n. State of being disabled ; want of competent physical or intellectual power, opportunity, etc., or of legal qualification. Disabuse, dis-a-buz'. v. t. [-bused (-buzdO, -busixg.] To free from mistake, undeceive, set right. Disadvantage, dis-ad-van'tej, n. Deprivation of ad- vantage; unfavorable or prejudicial quality, condi- tion, circumstance, etc.; prejudice to interest, fame, credit, profit, etc.; loss: damage. — Disad'vanta'- geous, -ta'jus, a. Attended with, etc. ; inconven- ient; detrimental. — Disad'vanta'geously, adv. Disaffect. dis-af-fekf, v. i. To alienate the affection of, fill with discontent and unfriendliness; to dis- turb the functions of, disorder. —Disaffection, n. State of being, etc.; disgust; ill-will; disloyaltv; hos- tility. Disagree, dis-a-gre', v. i. [-greed (-gredO. -gree- ix g.] To fail to accord or agree; to lack harmony, be at variance ; to differ in opinion, be unsuited, have unfitness. — Disagree'able, -a-bl, a. Xot agree- able, conformable, or congruous; exciting repug- nance; offensive: displeasing. — Disagree'ableness, n. — Disagree'ably, adv.— Disagreement, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; difference of opinion: un- suitableness; a falling out or controversy; discrep- ancy; variance; jar; wrangle; discord. Disannul, dis-an-nuK, v. t. To annul, render void. Disappear, dis-ap-per', v.i. [-feared (-perdO. -rear- ing.] To vanish from sight, become invisible, cease to appear or to be perceived; to cease to be or exist, become merged in something else.— Disappear 'ance, -ans, n. Act of, etc. Disappoint, dis-ap-point / ', v. t. To defeat of expecta- tion or hope, hinder of result, tantalize, balk, de- feat. — Disappoint' r ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.: that which, etcj miscarriage; frustration^ Disapprove. dis-ap-prooV, v. t. [-proved (-proovd'), -provixg.] To pass unfavorable judgment upon; to regard as wrong or inexpedient; to censure; to re- fuse official approbation, decline to sanction, disal- low. — Disapprovingly, adv. — Disapproval, Dis- approbation, -pro-ba / shun, n. Act of disapproving. — Disapprobatory, -to-rT, a. Containing disappro- bation: tending to disapprove. Disarm, diz- or dis-arm', v. t. To deprive of arms or of means of attack or defense: to deprive of means or disposition to harm. — Disarm''ament. n. Disarrange, dis-ar-ranj r , v. t. To unsettle or disturb the order or due arrangement of. — Disarrange''- ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.: confusion. Disarray, dis-ar-ra r , v. t. To throw into disorder, break the array of ; to undress, unrobe. — n. Want of array or regular order; disorder: confusion: state of being imperfectly attired; undress: dishabille. Disaster, diz-as'ter, n. Orig. a baleful aspect of a planet or star. An unfortunate event; esp. a sudden misfortune ; calamity ; mischance. — Disastrous, -trus, a. Attended with, etc. — Disastrously, adv. Disavow, dis-a-vow', v. t. To refuse to acknowledge, deny responsibility for, approbation of, etc.; to dis- prove, disown, disallow. — Disavowal, n. Act of, etc.; disclaimer. — Disavow'er, n. Disband, dis-band r , r. t. To loose the bands or banded existence of ; to disperse; esp. to break up the mili- tary organization of. — v. i. To become separated or scattered; esp. to quit military service by breaking up organization. — Disband'ment, n. Act of, etc. Disbar, dis-bar', v. t. To expel (barristers) from the bar. Disbark, dis-bark'. v. t. To put on shore, disembark. Disbelieve, dis-be-lev r , v. t. Not to believe; to hold not to be true or actual: to refuse credit to. — Disbe- liever, n,— Disbelief, -lef. n. Act of, etc.; refusal of credence: unbelief; svstem of error. Disburden, dis-ber'dn, v. i. To rid of a burden, lay off as oppressive, become relieved of, unload, disen- cumber, free. — v. i. To ease the mind. Disburse, dis-bers', v. t. [-bursed (-berstQ, -bvesixg.] To pay out, expend. — Disburse'menli, n. Act of, etc.; what is paid out. Disburthen. dis-ber'rhn, v. t. To disburden. Disc. See Disk. Discard. dis-kard' r , v. t. To throw out of the hand as useless, — said of cards; to cast off or dismiss; put or thrust away, discharge, cashier, reject. Discern, diz-zern'. v. t. [-cerned (-zSmd'), -cerx- ixg.] To behold as separate, note the distinctive character of, make out and distinguish by the eye, recognize, perceive with the mind, apprehend, pen- etrate, discriminate, descry. — v.i. To see the dif- ference, make distinction. — Discernible, -l-bl, a. ' Capable of being discerned ; perceptible : visible ; evident; manifest.— Diseern'ibleness, n.— Discern'- ibly, adv. — Discern'' m6nt, n. Act of discerning; faculty of the mind by which it distinguishes one thing from another; judgment; discrimination; pen- etration; sagacity. Discharge, dis-charj', v. t. To relieve of a charge, load, or burden, unload: to let go the charge of, as a gun; to relieve from a state of tension, as a Leyden jar; to relieve of something weighing upon one, as a debt, claim, accusation, etc.: co relieve of an office or employment, take out or remove, as a charge, bur- den, contents, etc.; to let fly, as a missile, shoot; to relieve one's self of, by fulfilling conditions, per- forming duty, etc.: to perform or'execute, as an of- fice, or part; to give forth, emit or send out, give vent to, utter. — v. i. To throw off or deliver a load, charge, or burden.— ?;. Act of, or state of being, etc.; thing discharged. Disciple, dis-si'pl, n. One who receives instruction from, or accepts the doctrines of, another: pupil; follower ; adherent ; supporter. — Discipline, -si- • plin, n. The treatment suited to a disciple or learner; development of the faculties by instruction and exercise: training to act in accordance with rules: subjection to rule: punishment byway of cor- rection and training. (Eccl.) Reformatory br penal action toward a church member. Subject-matter of instruction. — v. t. [-plixed (-plind), -flixixg.] To educate, develop by instruction and exercise; to accustom to regular action, bring under control, drill; to improve by corrective methods; to inflict ecclesiastical censures and penalties upon. — Dis'- ciplinary, -a-rt, a. Pert, to, or intended for, etc. — Dis ciplina^rian, -ri-an, a. Pert, to, etc. — n. One who, etc. : esp. one who enforces rigid discipline. Disclaim, dis-klam', v. t. To reject all claim to; to deny ownership of, or responsibility for; to refuse to acknowledge, disown, disavow, renounce, reject. {Law.) To decline accepting, as an estate, interest. or office. — Disclaim "er, n. One who, etc. (Law.) A denial, disavowal, or renunciation, as of a title, claim, interest, estate, or trust. A public disavowal, as of pretensions, opinions, etc. Disclose, dis-kloz'', v. t. To unclose, open; to remove a cover or envelope from; to bring to light; to make known, as that which has been kept secret, divulge, tell, utter. — v.i. To burst open, gape; to make a disclosure or revelation. Discoid. See under Disk. Discolor. dis-kuKer, v. t. To alter the color of, stain, tinge; to alter the true complexion or appearance of . Discomfit, dis-kum / 'fit, v. t. To scatter in fight, break am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, Ice ; Qdd, tone, 6r ; DISCOMFORT 109 DISESTABLISH up the plans of, throw into perplexity and dejec- tion, disconcert, rout. — n. Rout; overthrow; dis- comfiture. — Discom'fiture, -f Y-chur, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; defeat; frustration. Discomfort, dis-kumlert, n. Want of comfort; in- quietude. — v. t. To destroy or disturb the comfort, peace, or happiness of. Discompose, dis-kom-poz', v. t. To disarrange, inter- fere with, break up ; to throw into disorder, destroy the composure of; to put out of place or service, de- range, agitate, ruffle, fret, displace.— Discompo'sure, -po'zhur, n. State of being, etc. Disconcert, dis-kon-sert', v . t. To break up the har- monious progress of, throw into disorder, discom- Dose, abash, confuse, frustrate. — Disconcer'tion, n. Disconnect, dis-kon-nekf, v. t. To dissolve the union or connection of, sever. —Disconnection, n. Disconsolate, dis-kon r so-lat, a. Destitute of comfort or consolation; deeply dejected; melancholy; inspir- ing dejection; saddening"; cheerless. Discontent, dis-kon-tenf, n. Want of content; un- easiness and inquietude of mind; dissatisfaction. — v. t. To deprive of content, make uneasy, dissat- isfy. — Discontentedly, adv. — Discontent'edness, -ment, n. State of being, etc.; inquietude. Discontinue, dis-kon-tin'u, v. t. To interrupt the con- tinuance of ; to intermit, as a practice or habit, put an end to; to cease attention to, or entertainment or reception of; to break the continuity of, disunite. — v. i. To lose continuity or cohesion of parts; to be separated or severed; to part. — Discontin'uer, n. — Discontin'uance, -ans, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; want of continuity of parts. (Law.) A break- ing off or interruption of an estate; termination of an action in practice by the voluntary act of the plaintiff; entry on the record that the "plaintiff dis- continues action; technical interruption of the pro- ceedings in pleading, when a defendant does not answer the whole of the plaintiff's declaration, and the plaintiff omits to take judgment for the part un- answered. — Dis'contrn/ua'tion, n. Breach of con- tinuity; discontinuance; disruption. — Discon'tinu'- ity, -nu'Y-tY, n. Want of continuity or cohesion. — Discontiguous, -u-us, a. Not continuous. Discord, dis'kSrd, n. Want of concord or agreement; variance leading to contention and strife; dissension; clashing, (Mus. ) Union of musical sounds which strikes the ear disagreeably, owing to the incommen- surability of the vibrations which they produce. — Discord'ant, a. At variance; clashing; jarring; opposing. (Mas.) Not in harmony or concord.— Discordantly, adv. — Discord'antnass, n. — Dis- cordance, -ancy, -an-sT, n. State or quality of be- ing, etc.; inconsistency. Discount, dis'kownt, n. An allowance made upon an account, debt, price asked, etc.; deduction for in- terest, in advancing money upon a bill or note not due; act of discounting. — Discount, dis'kownt or dis-kownf, v. t. To deduct from an account, etc.: to loan money upon, deducting the allowance for interest, — v. i. To lend money, abating the dis- count; to anticipate and make allowance for.— Dis / '- counter, re. — Discount 'able, a. Discountenance, dis-kown'te-nans, v. t. To put out of countenance, put to shame, abash; to refuse to countenance or give approval to, discourage. — n. Unfriendly regard; cold treatment; disapprobation. Discourage, dis-kur / ej, v. t. To extinguish the cour- age of, deprive of confidence; to deter one from, dishearten one with respect to, dissuade, discoun- tenance. — Discour'ageable, a. — Discour'agement, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; that which, etc. — Discour'ager.j?. One who, etc. Discourse, dis-kors', n. Orig., power to run over, to compare and judge; oral exposition of a subject; talk; conversation; dissertation or treatise; sermon. — v. i. [-coursed (-korsf), -coursing.] To exer- cise reason; to talk or treat of in writing, in a formal manner, —v. t. To utter or give forth. — Discourag- er, n. — Discours^ive, -iv, a. Reasoning ; containing dialogue or conversation. — Discursive, -ker'siv, -sory, -ser-Y, a. Discoursive: rambling; digressive. — Discursively, adv. — Discur'sion, -shun, n. Ex- patiation; desultory talk: act of discoursing. Discourteous, dis-kerfyus or -ker r te-us, a. Uncivil; rude. — Discourteously, adv. — Discour'tesy, -te-sY, n. Rudeness of behavior or language. Discous. See under Disx. Discover, dis-kuv'er, v. t. To remove the covering or envelope from, expose to view, make known; to ob- tain for the first time sight or knowledge of, as of a thing not known; to find out, disclose, reveal, im- part, detect, invent. — Discoverable, a. — Discov'- erer, n. One who discovers; one who first finds out an unknown country, or a new principle, truth, or fact; an explorer. — Discov'ery, -er-Y, n. Act of, etc. ; thing discovered. Discredit, dis-kred'it, n. Want of credit; act of dis- crediting, or state of being discredited; disgrace; re- proach.— v. t. To refuse to credit, disbelieve, de- prive of credibility or of credit, bring reproach upon. — Discreditable, a. Tending to injure credit; dis- graceful; disreputable. Discreet, dis-kref, a. Possessed of discernment or discretion; wise in avoiding evil, and in adapting means to ends; wary. — Discretion, -kresh'un, n. Quality of being discreet; sagacity; freedom to act according to one's own judgment. — At discretion. Without conditions or stipulations. — Discre'tional, -ary, -er-Y, n. Left to discretion; unrestrained ex- cept by judgment. — Discre'tionally, -arily ,_ adv. At or according to discretion. — Discrete, -kref, a. Separate; distinct; disjunctive; containing a dis- junctive clause, — opp. of concrete. — Discre'tive, -tiv, a. Disjunctive; separating. Discrepant, dis-krep'ant, a. Discordant; at variance; disagreeing; different. — Discrep'ance, -ancy, -an-sY, n. State or quality of being, etc. Discriminate, dis-krim't-nat, v. t. To separate, dis- tinguish; to mark as different, distinguish by a pe- culiar note or sign. — v. i. To make a difference; to distinguish accurately. — a. Distinguished; having the difference marked.— Discrinrinateness, n.— Discrim'ina'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. ; faculty of nicely distinguishing ; that which dis- criminates; mark of distinction. — Discriminative, -tiv, a. Marking a difference; characteristic; observ- ing distinctions; discriminating. Discrown, dis-krown', v. t. To deprive of a crown. Discursion, Discursory, etc. See under Discourse. Discus, dis'kus, n. ; E.pl. Discuses ; L. pi. Disci, -si. A quoit ; a disk. See Disk. Discuss, dis-kus', v. t. [-cussed (-kusf), -cussing.] To break up, disperse; to examine or consider by disputation. (Law.) To exhaust a remedy against, as against a debtor before proceeding against the surety.— Discus 'sion, -kush'un, n. Act or process of discussing; examination by argument; debate; dis- putation. — Discuss'ive, -iv, a. Able or tending to discuss. — Discu'tient, -shent, a. Serving to dis- perse morbid matter. — n. A medicine to disperse a tumor or any coagulated fluid in the body. Disdain, dis- or diz-dan r , v. t. [-dained (-dandO. -dainino.] To reject as not deserving notice ; to look with scorn upon, contemn, despise, —v. i. To be filled with contemptuous anger. — n. A feeling of contempt and aversion ; haughtiness ; scorn ; arrogance. — Disdain'ful, -ful, a. Full of, or express- ing, disdain ; contemptuous ; haughty. Disease, diz-ez', n. Orig., lack of ease; uneasiness; a morbid condition of body; sickness; disorder; dis- temper; malady. — v.t. To afflict with sickness. Disembody, dis-em-bod'Y, v. i. To divest of the body, free from the flesh, discharge from military organi- zation. Disembogue, dis-em-bog', v. t. [-bogued (-bogd'), -boguing.] To discharge at the mouth, as a stream; to vent. — Disembogue'ment, -em'bouchure'', -aN'- boo-shoor / \ n. Discharge of the waters of a river, etc. Disembowel, dis-em-bowSl, v. t. To take out the bowels of, eviscerate, gut. Disengage, dis-en-gaj', v. t. To release from some previous connection or engagement ; to liberate, free, extricate, disentangle, wean. — v. i. To re- lease one's self, set one's self free, become de- tached. — Disenga'gedness, -ga'jed-nes, n. State of being, etc. — Disengage 'ment, -gaj'ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; freedom from engrossing occupation; leisure. Disestablish, dis-es-tab'lish, v. t. To unsettle or sun, cube, full; moon, fo~6t; cow, oil; linger or ink, then, bo.NboN, chair, get. DISESTEEM 110 DISOBEY break up what has been established. — Disestab- lishment, n. Act_or process of, etc. Disesteem, dis-es-tem', n. Want of esteem: low re- gard; disfavor. — v. t. To feel an absence of es- teem for, regard with disapproval; to slight. — Dis- es'tima'tion, n. Disesteem; disfavor. Disfavor, dis-ia'ver, n. Want of favor: disesteem; state of not being in favor; an unkindness; dis- obliging act. — v. t. To withhold or withdraw favor from, regard with disesteem. — Bisfa'vorer, n. Disfigure, dis-fig'iir, v. t. To mar the figure or appear- ance of; to render less complete or beautiful, de- face, injure. — Disfig'ursmeiit, -ura'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.: that which disfigures. Disfranchise, dis-fran'chiz, v. t. [-ciiised (-chizd), -ckising.] To deprive of a franchise or chartered right; to dispossess of the rights ol a citizen, or of a particular right, as of voting, holding office, etc. — Disfranchisement, n. Disgorge, dis-;r6rj', v. t. [-gorged (-g6rjd'), -gor- ging.] To eject from the stomach, throat or mouth; to vomit ; to pour forth violently, as if from a mouth; to give up, make restitution of. — v. i. To vomit forth what anything contains, make restitu- tion. — Disgorge'ment, n. Act of disgorging; thing disgorged. Disgrace, dis-gras', n. Lack or loss of favor, support, or countenance ; ignominy : infamy ; that which brings dishonor; cause of'shame; opprobrium; re- proach; dishonor. — v. t. [disgraced (-grasf), -gra- cing.] To deprive of favor, dismiss with dishonor. bring reproach or shame upon, degrade, defame, debase. — Disgrace'ful, -ful, a. Bringing disgrace or dishonor; shameiul: ignominious. — Disgrace'- foUy, adv. — Disgrace'fulness, n. — Disgra'cer, n. — Disgra'cious, -shus, a. Ungracious ; unpleasing. Disgruntle, dis-grun'tl, v. t. To disappoint, dis- please, disconcert. Disguise, dis-giz', v. t. [-guised (-gizd'), -guising.] To change the guise or appearance of; esp. to con- ceal by an unusual dress, hide by a counterfeit ap- pearance; to affect or change by liquor; to intoxi- cate. — n. A dress or exterior put on to deceive; artificial language or manner assumed for decep- tion; change of manner by drink; slight intoxica- tion. Disgust, dis-gust', n. K?pugnance to what is offen- sive ; aversion; distaste: dislike, — v. t. To pro- voke disgust in, offend the taste of, displease. Dish, dish, n. A vessel used for serving up food; any particular kind of food: state of being concave oV like a dish. — v. t. [dished (disht), dishing.] To put in a dish, for serving at table; to make like a dish; to frustrate or disappoint. Dishabille, dis-a-bil', n. Same as Deshabille. Dishearten, dis-hart'n, v. t. [-heartened (-hart'nd), -ening.] To deprive of heart, courage, or hope; to dispirit, depress, deject. Dishevel, dT-shev'l, v. t. [-ei.ed (-Id),-ELING.] To dis- arrange or cause (the hair) to hang loose. Dishonest, diz- or dis-on'est, a. Wanting in honesty; fraudulent: disposed to deceive : characterized by fraud. — Dishon'ostly, adv. — Dishon'esty, n. Want of honesty, probity, or integrity; violation of trust; dishonor;" unchastity: incontinence. Dishonor, dis- or diz-bn'er, n. Want of honor; dis- grace; ignominv; shame ; reproach, —v. t. To de- prive of honor, bring reproach or shame on; to vio- late the chastity of. debauch, ravish : to refuse to accept or pay, — said of a draft or acceptance which is due and is presented. — Dishon'orable, a. Bring- ing or deserving dishonor: snameful; base; want- ing in honor: disgraced. — Dishon'orableness, n. Disincline, dis-in-klin', ?•. t. To excite the dislike or aversion of. — Disin'clina'tion, n. State of being disinclined; unwillingness; aversion ; repugnance. Disinfect, dis-in-fekt'. v. t. To cleanse from infec- tion. — Disinfect'' ant. n. That which, etc. — Disin- fection, n. Act of, etc. Disingenuous, dis-in-jen'u-us, a. Not noble: mean; unworthy; wanting in candor or frankness. — Dis- ingenuously, adv. — Disingen'uousness, n. Disinherit, dis-ii:-her'it, v. t. To cut off from hered- itary right, deprive of an inheritance. — Disinher'- itance, -ison, -T-zn, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. Disintegrate, dis-in'te-grat, v. t. To separate into integrant parts. — Dism'tegrable, a. — Disin'tegra'- tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. (Geol.) Wearing away of strata by atmospheric action. Disinter. dis-in-ter', v.t. lo taKe out of the grave; to brinsr out, as from hiding. — Disinter'ment, n. Disinterested, dis-in't§r-est-ed, a. Not influenced by regard to peisonal advantage; free from self-inter- est; unbiased; impartial: indifferent. — Disinter- estedly, adv. — Disinterestedness, n. Disinthrall, dis-in-thrawl', v. t. To release from thraldom, emancipate. — Disinthrall 'ment, n. Disjoin, dis-join', v. t. To part, disunite, separate. — v. i. To become separated, part. — Disjoint', v. r. To put out of joint, dislocate; to separate at junc- tures, break in pieces; to break the natural order and relations of. — v. i. To fall or break in pieces. — Disjoint'ly, adv. In a disjointed state. — Dis- junct', -junkt', a. Disjoined ; separated. — Dis- junc'tion, n. Act of disjoining: disunion; a dis- junctive proposition. — Disjunct'lve, -iv, a. Tend- ing todisjoin; separating: disjoining. — n. (Gram.) A disjunctive conjunction or proposition. Disk, Disc, disk, n. A flat, circular plate; a discus; quoit. (Astron.) The face of a celestial body. (Bot.) The whole surface of a leaf; central part of a radiate compound flower; a part of the receptacle expanded under or around the w mw ing; heedless. — v. t. To make giddy, confuse. Djinn, jin, n. See Jinnee. Do, do, n. (Mux.) A syllable attached to the 1st tone ! of the major diatonic scale for solmization. Do, dob, v. t. or auxiliary, [imp. did ; p. p. doxe | (dun) ; doixg.] To perform, execute, make ; to i produce, as an effect or result ; to perform com- ! pletely, finish, accomplish ; to cook completely ; to I translate or transform into, as a written text; to de- j ceive, play a trick upon, hoax, humbug. (Stock j Exchange.) To cash or advance money for, as a | bill or note. — v. i. To act or behave ; to fare ; to ! be in a state with regard to health. Do, doo, v. i. To be worth, be fit, avail, manage, ac- j complish a purpose,— as. this will do. Do., in-on. dit'to. See Ditto. Docile, dos'il, a. Teachable ; ready to learn ; tract- able. — Docil'ity, -H, n. Teachableness. — Doc'ible, j a. Docile. — Doc'ibleness, -ibil'ity, n. Dock, dok, n. A plant, some species of which are weeds, having a long tap-root. Dock, dok, v. t. [docked (dokt), docking.] To cut : off, as the end of a thing, curtail, clip ; to deduct from ; to destroy or defeat, bar. — n. The stump of a tail, or part left after clipping ; case to cover a horse's clipped tail. — Dock'et, n. A summary or digest ; a label tied to goods. (Laiu.) An abridged i entry of proceedings in an action, or list of such en- ! tries; list of causes ready for hearing cr trial. A list ' of matters to be acted on in any assembly. — v. t. To j make an abstract of the heads of; to enter in a dock- I et, mark the contents of on the back, as of papers. I Dock, dok, n. An inclosure or basin to receive vessels; | space between 2 piers for ships; place where the ac- J cused stands in court. — v. t. To place in a dock. Doctor, dok'ter, n. One qualified to teach; a learned j man ; one who has received the highest degree in a | faculty; one licensed to practice medicine ; a physi- I cian ; a mechanical contrivance to remedy a diffi- culty. —v. /. [doctored (-terd), -torix t g.] To at- tend or treat as a physician ; to make a doctor; to alter for the better ; to adulterate, tamper with, fal- sify.— v.i. To practice physic— DoCtoral, a. Pert, to the degree or practice of a doctor. — Doc'torate. -at, -ship, n. The degree of a doctor. — Doe'toress, Doc'tress, n. A female doctor. — Doc'trine,-trin, n. Act of teaching ; instruction ; thing taught; bodv of principles in any branch of knowledge ; dogma : tenet.— Doctrinal, a. Pert, to, or containing, etc.— Doctrinaire' ."-tre-nar'. n. One who rigidly ap- Elies to practical concerns the abstract doctrines of is own philosophical system; a political theorist ; propounder of new opinions. — a. Pert, to, etc. — DoCument, n. An original or official paper, relied upon as the basis or support of anything else. — v. t. To furnish with documents.— Document'al, a. Pert, to, consistingin, or derived from, etc. — Document'- ary, -rT, a. Pert, to written evidence ; consisting in documents. Dodecagon, do-dek'a-gon, n. (Geom.) A regular polv gon, bounded by 12 equal sides, and containing 12 equal angles. — DodeCa- he'dron, n. A regular solid contained under 12 equal and regular penta- gons ; a solid having 12 equal faces. Dodge, doj, v. i. [dodged (dojd), DODGING.] To 6tart suddenly aside, be evasive, quibble. — v. t. To evade by starting aside. Dodecahedrons. n. Act of evading by some skillful movement ; a dexterous device or trick. Dodo, do'do, ;?.,- pi. Do'does, -doz. A large bird of Mauritius, now extinct. Doe, do, n. A she-deer ; esp. the female of the fallow- deer. — Boe'skin, n. Skin of the doe ; compact, twilled woolen cloth. Doff, dof, v. t. [doffed (doft), doffixg.] To put off (dress) ; to rid one's self of, defer. Dog, dog, n. A quadruped of the genus Canis; a mean, worthless fellow: a fellow, — used humor- ously. (Afiron.) One of the 2 constellations in the southern hemisphere. An andiron. (Mech.) A grappling iron ; an iron with fangs to secure a log to be sawed; a catch or clutch, esp. the carrier of a lathe, and an adjustable stop to change the motion of a machine tool. — v. t. [dogged (dogd), dog- ging.] To follow insidiously or persistently ; to worry ; hunt. — Dog'ged, a. Surly ; obstinate. — Dog'gedly, adv. — Dog'gedness, n. — Dog'gish, a. Churlish ; snappish. — Dog's-ear, dogz'er, n. The corner of the leaf of a book turned down.— v. t. To turn down, etc.— Dog'-eared, -erd, a. Having the corners, etc. — Dog'gerel, -ger-el, a. Low in style and irregular in measure, — said of poetry. — n. Mean 1 undignified verse. Doge, doj, n. The chief magistrate in the republics of A enice and Genoa. Dogma, dog/ma, n. ; E. pi. -mas, -maz ; L. pi. -mata, -ma-ta. That which is held as an opinion : an es- tablished tenet ; peremptory opinion, a principle of doctrine asserted without sufficient evidence. — Dog- mat'ic, -ica!, a. Pert, to a dogma; disposed to assert authoritatively; magisterial; positive.— Dogmatic- ally, adv. Arrogantly: positively. — Dogmafics, n. sing. Science of Christian doctrines ; doctrinal the- ology. — Dog'matism, -tizm, n. Arrogance or posi- tiveness in opinion. — Dog'matize, v. i. T-tized (-tizd), -tizixg.] To assert positively ; teach with bold and undue confidence.— Dog'matist, -tiz'er, n. Doily, doi'lT, n. A small napkin, generally colored, used with fruit and wine. Dole, dol, n. Act of dividing and distributing ; thing distributed; alms; gratuity.— v. t. [doled (dold), doling.] To deal out in small portions ; distribute. Doleful. doKful, a. Full of grief; piteous; rueful; wo- ful; dismal.— Dole'some, -sum, a. Doleful; sorrow- ful. — Do'lor, n. Pain : grief ; distress ; anguish. — DoKorous, -us, a. Full of, or occasioning grief; painful ; distressing. Doll, dol, n. A puppet or image of a baby for a child. Dollar, doKler, n. A silver com of the TJ. S., equal to 100 cents ; a coin of similar value, current in Mex- ico, S. Amer., Spain, etc.; the value of a dollar. Dolman, dol'man, n. A lady's cloak. Dolphin, doKfin, n. (Ichth.) A cetaceous mammal, the true dolphin ; also a fish of about 5 feet in length, celebrated for its changes of color when dying. (Entom.) A species of aphis infesting beans. (Naut.) A rope or strap wound round a mast to support the puddening when the lower yards rest in the slings ; a spar secured to an anchor to which cables may be bent; a mooring-post. Dolt.'dolt, n. A heavy, stupid fellow, blockhead, ig- noramus, dunce, simpleton. Domain, do-man', n. Dominion; authority; territory over which dominion is exerted; landed property; estate; esp. land about the mansion-house of a lord, and in his immediate occupancy. (Law.) Owner- ship of land, estate, or patrimony, in one's own right. Dome, dom, n. A building: house. (Arch.) A struc- ture above the roof, usually hemispherical in form; cupola; an erection resembling a cupola. Domestic, do-mes'tik, a. Pert, to the house or home, to one's place of residence and family, also to a na- tion considered as a family, or to one's own coun- try; intestine; remaining much at home: devoted to home duties or pleasures; living near the habitations of man; tame; made in one's own house, nation, or country. — n. One who lives in the family of an- other, as hired assistant: pi. articles of home manu- facture, esp. cotton goods.— Domes'ticate, -kat, v.t. To make domestic, conduct as if at home, accustom to live near the habitations of man, tame.— Domes'- am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, term ; in, Ice ; Sdd, tone, Gr : DOMINATE 115 DOUBLE "r-^: Dominos. tica'tion, n. Act of domesticating. — Domesticity, -tis'i-tl, n. State of being domestic; a household act or life. —Domicile, -sil, h. An abode or man- sion; place of permanent residence. (Law.) Resi- dence at a particular place accompanied with proof of an intention to remain there. — v. t. [domiciled (-sild), -oiling.] To establish in a fixed residence. — Domicil / 'iary, -sil'T-a-rf or -sil'ya-rl, a. Pert, to domicile, or the jesidence of a person or family. — Domiciliate, -I-at, v. t. To domicile. Dominate, dom'I-nat, v. t. To predominate over, rule, govern.— v. i. To predominate.— Dominance, -nan- cy, -si, n. Ascendency; authority. —Dominant, a. Ruling; prevailing; predominant. — ». (Mus.) The 5th tone of the scale. — Domination, re. Act of dom- inating; exercise of power in ruling; government; authority; the 4th of the supposed orders of angeli- cal beings.— Domlnative, -tiv, a. Ruling; imperi- ous.— Domlnator, -ter, n. A ruler or ruling power; predominant influence.— Domineer'', v. i. [-xeeked (-nerd'), -NEERIJTG.] To rule with insolence or ar- bitrary sway. — Dominion, -yun, re. Supreme au- thority; predominance; territory over which author- ity is exercised. —Dominical, a. Pert, to, or given by, our Lord; indicating Sunday. Dominie, doni'l-nl, n. In Scot., a schoolmaster, par- son. —Domino, re. ; pi. -xos or -xoes, -noz. A cape with a hood, formerly worn by priests over head and face; a hood worn by canons of a cathedral church; a woman's mourning veil, or half-mask; a loose cloak, with a hood, used as a disguise; one wear- ing a domino, pi. A game played with 23 pieces of ivory, indented with spots from a 1 to double 6. One of the pieces of the game. —Don, re. Sir; .Mr. ; Signor, — a title of courtesy in Spain; a grand personage, or one affecting consequence, pi. The heads of colleges and fellows of English universities. — Dona, don'ya, n. Lady; Mistress; Madam, — a Spanish title" of courtesy for women. — Don'na, -na, n. The title of a lady in Italy. — Duenna, doo-en'na, n. ; pi. -nas, -naz. The chief lady in waiting on the Queen of Spain; an elderly lady in charge of young ladies in Spain or Portugal; a governess. Don, don, v. t. [doxxed (dond), doxxixg.] To put on, invest one's self with, — opp. to doff. Donate, do'nat. v. t. To give, esp. for a specific ob- ject. — Dona'tion, n. Act of giving; thing given or bestowed, gift, grant. (Law.) Act by which one transfers to another the title to a thing of which he is owner, without any consideration.— Do'nor, -ngr, n. A giver; benefactor. (Law.) One who confers a power. — Donee', -He', n. One to whom a gift is made. (Law.) Party executing a power; appointor. Done. See Do. Done, dun, p. p. Given out; issued; made public,— used in the dating clause of an official public docu- ment. Donjon, dun'jun, n. A tower in ancient castles, the strongest part of the fortifications; the keep. See Castle. [Same as dungeon, q. v.] Donkey, don'kl, n. ;pl. -keys, -kiz. An as?, or mule; a stupid or obstinate fellow. — Don'key-en'gine, re. A small assistant engine in steam-vessels. Donna. See under Dominie. Donor. See under Doxate. Doodle, doo'dl, n. A trifter, sinrpleton. Doom, doom, ». t. [doomed (doomd), doomixg.] To pronounce sentence or judgment on, condemn; to ordain as penalty; to mulct or tine; to assess a tax upon; to destine, fate.— n. Judicial sentence; penal decree: that to which one is sentenced; penalty; un- happy fate. Door, dor, n. An opening in the wall of a house for going in and out at; frame by which such an open- ing is closed; means of access; entrance-way, and the apartment to which it leads. Dor, Dorr, d6r, Dor'-beetle, Dor'-bug, n. A large, destiuctive tree-beetle; the cockchafer; May-bug; — the imago of the voracious white grub-worm. Doree, do-re' or dolt, Doly, -rf, John'-dory, n. An acanthopterygious fish, of a golden yellow color. 1 Dorian, do'ri-an, Doric, dorlk, a. Pert, to Doris, or the Dorian race, in ancient Greece. (Arch.) Pert. | to, or resembling, the 2d order of columns, between | the Tuscan and louic. See Capital. Dormant, dQrlnant, a. Sleeping; not in action; qui- escent; not disclosed, asserted, or insisted on. (Her.) In a sleeoing posture. — n. (Arch.) The large beam lying across a room; a joist; sleeper. — Dormancy, -si, n. State of being dormant. — Dor'mer, D.-wm'dow, n. (Arch.) A vertical window on the inclined roof of a house. — Dor'mitive, -tiv, n. (Med.) A medicine to promote sleep; an opiate, narcotic, soporific— «. Causing sleep.— Dor'mitory, -ri, n. A room or set of rooms for sleeping in; bed-room. Dormer-window. Dormouse, ddr'mows, n. ; pi. -mice, -mis. A small rodent mammal which feeds on acorns, nuts, etc., like the squirrel, and is torpid in winter. Dorsal, dor'sal, a. Pert, to the back. Dory, doll, n. A fish. See Doree.— A canoe or small boat. Dose, dos, n. Quantity of medicine given at one time; as much as one can take, or as falls to one to receive; anything nauseous that one must take. — v. t. [dosed (dost), dosixg.] To form into doses, give in doses, give medicine to, give potions to constantly and without need, give anything nauseous to. Dost. dust. Second, pers. pr. of do. Dot, dot, n. A small spot, made with a pen or point. — v. t. To mark with dots or specks, diversify with small detached objects. — ?), i. To make dots or specks. — Dot'ted, p. a. Marked with dots; diver- sified with small, detached objects. — Dotted note. (Mus.) A note followed by a dot to indicate an in- crease of length equal to A of its simple value. rest. A rest lengthened by a dot. [Notes and are sometimes iollowed by ™ D. rests 1 dots, to indica crease of length equal to § of their simple lue.] $J Dotted Notes and Rests. Dot, a dowry, Dotal, Dotation. See under Dower. Dote, dot, v. i. To have the intellect impaired, esp. by age, so that the mind wavers; to be excessively or foolishly fond. — Do'ter, -tard, n. One who, etc.— Do'tage, -tej, n. Childishness: imbecility; senility; excessive fondness; weak and foolish affection. — Dotlard, re. A decayed tree. —Dot 'terel, -ter-el, -trel, n. A wading bird, like the plover, easily taken by stratagem; a sillv fellow; dupe. Double, dubl, a. Twofold ; multiplied by 2 ; in- creased by its'equivalent; in pairs; presenting 2 of a set together ; coupled ; divided into 2 ; vacilla- ting; deceitful. ( Bot.) Having several rows of pet- als formed by cultivation from stamens and car- pels. — adv. Twice; twofold. — v. t. [doubled (-Id), -lixg.] To multiply by 2, make twice as great, duplicate; to fold one part upon another part of; to contain or be worth twice as much as; to pass around or by. (Mil.) To unite, as ranks or files, so as to form one. — v. i. To increase or grow to twice as much; to return upon one's track. (Print.) To set up a word or phrase a second time by mistake.— re. Twice as much; that which is doubled together; a plait; fold; a turn in running to escape pursuers; a trick: shift; artifice; a counterpart; a roofing slate of the smallest size used. — Doubler, n. — Doubly, -II, adv. In twice the quantity. — Doub'- leness, n. — Double-entendre, doo'bl-ox-toN'dr, n. An expression admitting of a double interpretation, one of which is often indelicate.— Doublet, n. Two of the same kind; a pair; couple. (Print.) A word or phrase unintentionally doubled. Inner garment of a man; waistcoat. (Lapidari/Work.) A counter- feit stone, composed of 2 pieces of crystal, with color between them. (Opt.) An arrangement of two lenses for a microscope, to correct spherical aberra- tion and chromatic dispersion. iil. Two dice, hav- sun, cube, full ; moon, f<56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbox, chair, get. DOUBT 116 DRAGON Dovetails. ing each the same number of spots on the upper face. — Doubloon', -loon', n. A Spanish and Portu- guese coin, double the value of the pistole, worth nearlv $16. Doubt," do wt, ». i. To be in uncertainty respecting anvthing ; to be undetermined, waver, fluctuate, hesitate; to fear, be apprehensive, scruple, suspect. — v. t. To question or hold questionable, hesitate to believe: to fear, apprehend, suspect, believe. - n. Uncertainty of mind or of condition; fear: dif- ficulty expressed or urged for solution ; objection. — Doubt'ful, -ful. a. Not settled in opinion: admit- ting of doubt'; not clear or certain: not easy to be denned, classed, or named: ambiguous: equivocal; of uncertain issue: affected by fear. — Doubt'fully. ai l c . — Doubt'fulness, n. — Doubt' less, adv. With- out doubt or question; unquestionably. — Du'bious, -M-us, a. Doubtful. — Du'biously, adv. Douceur, dod-ser', n. A present: gift; bribe. Douche, doosh. n. A jet of water or vapor directed upon part of the body, to benefit it medicinally. Dough, do, n. A mass"of flour or meal moistened and kneaded, but not yet baked. Doughty, dow'tT, a. Characterized by bravery; val- iant: redoubtable. Douse, dows, v. t. [doused (dowst), dousing.] To thrust or plunge into water ; to dip. [Xot the same as dowse, q. v.] Dove, duv, n. A bird of the pigeon family, some spe- cies of which are domesticated; a pigeon; esp. tame pigeon. — Dove'-cot. -cote, -kot, n. A building or box for doves. — Dove'- tail. n. (Carp.) A joint or tenon made by letting one piece, in the form of" a dove's tail spread, into a corresponding cavity in another, so that it cannot be drawn out. —v. t. [-tailed (-tald), -tailing.] To unite bv, etc.; to fit ingeniously. Dover's Powder, do'verz-pow'der. (Med.) A compound of ipecacuanha, opium, and sugar of milk, a sedative and sudorific. Dowable, Dowager. See under Dower. Dowdy, dow'dl. a. Awkward; vulgar-looking, —n. An awkward, ill-dressed woman. — Dow'diness. n. Dowel, dow'el, v.t. [-eled (-eld), -eling.] To fasten together by dowels. — n. A dowel-pin; a piece of wood driven into a wall, so that other pieces may be nailed to it. — Dow'el-pin. n. A pin of wood or metal used for joining two pieces, as of wood, stones, etc. Dower, doWer, n. Endowment; gift; property with which a woman is endowed, esp. that which a woman brings to a husband in marriage, or that portion of a man's real estate which his widow en- joys during her life, or to which a woman is enti- tled after the death of her husband.— Dow'ry, -rT, n. A gift; the estate which a woman brings to her hus- band in marriage: portion given with a wife; dower. — Dot. dot, a. in France and in Louisiana, a dowry. — Do'tal, a. Pert, to, constituting, or comprised in, etc. — Dota'tion, n. Act of bestowing a dowry on a woman, or of establishing funds for the sup- port of (an institution, charity, etc.). — Dow'able, a. Capable of being endowed: entitled to dower. — Dow'ager, -jer, n. (Eng. Law.) A widow en- dowed, or having a jointure. A title given in Eng. to a widow, to distinguish her from the wife of her husband's heir bearing the same name. Down, down, a. Fine, soft, hairy outgrowth from the skin or surface of animals or plants. — Down'y, -T, a. Covered with, made of. or like, down; soft; quiet. Down, down, n. A hillock of sand thrown up by the wind near the shore; a tract of sandy, level," and barren land. Down, down, prep. In a descending direction along; toward the mouth of a river. — adv. In a descend- ing direction: tending to a lower place or condition; from a remoter or higher antiquity; to a less bulk; in a low position or condition; on the ground; in humility, dejection, misery, etc.— a. Downcast ; dejected; downright; plain; absolute; positive; downward; proceeding from the chief terminus. — n.pl. A state of depression: abasement: failure,— as, ups and downs.— Down'cast, a. Cast downward directed to the ground; flowing or circulating down ward. — n. (Mining.) The ventilating shaft down which air passes to a mine. Dowry. See under Dower. Dowse, dows, v. t. [dowsed (dowst), dowsing.] To strike in the face, (^aut.) To strike or lower in haste, slacken suddenly. To extinguish. Doxology. doks-ol'o-ji, n. A short hymn of praise to God. — Doxolog'ical. a. Pert, to, etc. Doze, doz, o. i. [dozed (dozd), dozing] To slum- ber, sleep lightly, be drowsy or half asleep. — v.t. To pass or spend in drowsiness. — n. Alight sleep ; drowse: slumber. Dozen, duz'n, ;;. : pi. Dozen (before another noun) or Dozens, -nz. A collection of 12 individuals ; a set of 12; an indefinite number. Drab, drab, n. A woman of vile character ; a strum- pet ; prostitute. A thick, woolen cloth of a dun color: a dull brownish-yellow or gray color. — a. Of a dun color. Drabble, drab'bl, v. t. [-bled (-bid), -blixg.] To draggle; to wet and befoul. — v. i. To fish for bar- bels with a long line and rod. — Draff, draf, n. Ref- use; lees; dregs; hog-wash: grains given to cows. Drachma, drak'ma, n. ; E. pi. -mas, -maz, L. pi. -m.e, -me. A Greek silver coin ; a Greek weight of about 2 dwt. 7 gr. Troy. — Dram. Drachm, dram, n. In apothecaries' weight, 1-Sth ounce, or 60 grains; in avoirdupois weight, 1-lCth ounce; a minute quan- tity, mite; as much liquor as is drunk at once; ha- bitual intemperance. Draconian, dra-ko'nl-an, a. Pert, to Draco, an Athe- nian lawgiver, who punished all crimes with death; rigorous ; crueL Draft, draft, n. Act of drawing, esp. of loads by beasts. (Mil.) A selection of men from a military band, also from any collection of persons. An or- der directing the payment of money ; bill of ex- change; deduction from the gross weight of goods ; a figure described on paper ; sketch ; outline ; depth of water necessary to float a ship ; a current of air. — v. t. To draw the outline of, delineate ; to com- pose and write : to draw from a military band or post, or from any company; to detach. — Drafts r - man, n. Same as Draughtsman. —Drafts, n. A game. [See Draughts, under Draw.] Drag, drag, v. t. [dragged (dragd), dragging.] To draw along by main force, pull, haul ; to pulverize (land) by drawing a drag or harrow over it; to pass through (water) with a drag ; to draw along labori- ously, as something burdensome ; to pass in pam or with difficulty. — v. i. To be drawn along on the ground : to move heavily or slowly onward ; to fish with a drag.— n. A net! to be dra'wn along the bot- tom under water, to raise sunken bodies; a sledge for heavy bodies ; a carriage; a heavv harrow, for break- ing up clods ; a burglar's implement for forcing safes ; something to retard the progress of a mov- ing body : a clog ; a heavy motion, as if dragged along. (Founding.) The bottom part of a flask. — Draggle, drag'gl. v. t. [-gled (-gld), -gling.] To dirty by drawing on the ground or on wet grass; to drabble, —v. i. To become wet or dirty by, etc. Dragoman, drag'o-man, n. ; pi. -mans. An inter- preter, in the Levant and the East. Dragon, drag'un, n. (Myth.) A monstrous winged serpent or liz- ^ ' / z ar d, with crested head and claws. A fierce, violent person. (As- tron.) A north- ern constella- tion figured as | a dragon. A luminous ex- halation from I marshy grounds, "mov- ing like a winged ser- i pent ; a short ! musket hooked to a swivel at- tached to a soldier's belt, decorated with a drag- Dragon. 5m, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, t5ne, 6r j DRAIN 117 DRILL on's head at the muzzle. (Zo'61.) A genus of E.. Indian reptiles, having an extension of the ribs, covered with a fringe-like arrangement of the skin, which enables it to glide through the air for short distances. [In Scripture the term dragon is applied to marine fishes or serpents, to venomous land ser- pents, and to Satan.] — Drag'onet, n. A little drag- on. (Ichth.) A fish of the goby family. — Dragoon', -goon', n. (Mil.) A cavalry soldier, — formerly trained to serve also on foot. — v. t. [deagooned (-goondO, -gooning.] To reduce to subjection or persecute, bv soldiers; to harass, force, persecute. Drain, dran, v. t. [drained (drand), draining.] To draw off by degrees ; to empty or exhaust of ; to make gradually dry or empty ; to exhaust of wealth, resources, etc. ; to filter. — v. i. To flow off gradu- ally ; to be emptied of liquor by flowing or dropping. — n. Act of draining, or of emptying by drawing off ; that by which anything is drained, a channel, trench, water-course, sewer."— Drain'age, -ej, n. A draining ; mode in which the waters of a country pass off by its streams. (Engin.) System of drains removing water from towns, etc. Drake, drak, n. The male of the duck kind; the drake- fly; a small piece of artillery. Dram. See under Drachma. Drama, dra/ma or dra'ma, n. A composition, to be acted, representing phases of human life ; a real series of events invested with dramatic unity.— Dramat'ic, -ical, a. — Dram'atist, n. Author of a dramatic composition ; writer of plays. — Dram'a- tize, -tiz, v. t. [-tized (-tizd), -xizixg.] To com- pose iu the form of the drama, represent in, etc. — Dram'atis Perso'nae, -ne. The characters repre- sented in a play; interlocutors in a drama. Drape, drap, v. i. [draped (drapt), draping.] To make cloth. — v. t. To cover or adorn with drapery. — Dra'per, n. One who sells cloths. — Dra'pery, -per-1, n. Occupation of a draper ; cloth, or woolen stuffs in general; garments with which anything is draped; hangings of any kind, esp. clothing of the human figure in sculpture and in painting. Drastic, dras'tik, a. (3Ied.) Acting with violence ; powerful. Draught, etc. See under Draw. Draw, draw, v. t. [imp. drew (droo) ; p. p. drawn ; drawing.] To bring toward or after one by force ; to pull along, drag ; to attract, entice, bring forth, as, to pull from a receptacle, extract, deduce from premises, receive from a lottery, win; to remove the contents of, as, to drain by emptying, extract the bowels of; to inhale, utter or produce by inhalation; to extend in length, stretch ; to extend, or produce, as a line on any surface, form by marking, produce, as a sketch or picture ; to form a figure or picture of, delineate, depict ; to write in due form, prepare a draught of ; to require a depth of (water) for floating, — said of a vessel ; to sink in water. — v. i. To pull, exert strength in drawing; have force to drag along ; to exert an attractive force. (Med.) To act as a sinapism, — said of a blister, poultice, etc. To furnish transmission to smoke, gases, etc.; to un- sheathe ; to sketch, paint, etc. ; to become con- tracted, shrink ; to move, come, or go, lit., to draw one's self, — with prepositions and adverbs; to make a written demand for money deposited or due. — n. Act of drawing, draught ; a lot or chance drawn ; part of a bridge raised or drawn aside. — Draw'er, n. One who, or that which, etc. One who draws liquor ; one who delineates, a draughtsman ; one who draws a bill of exchange or order for payment ; thing drawn ; a sliding box in a case : pi. ari under- garment for the legs. — Drawee', n. Person to whom an order i or bill of exchange is addressed, or on whom it is drawn. — Draw'back, n. A discourage- ment or hindrance. (Cvm.) Money paid back ; esp. duties paid back by the government, on ex- portation of commodities on which they were levied. — Draught, draft, n. Act of drawing ; as, of moving loads, of drawing a net, of drinking, (Mil.) of draw- ing men from a military band or from any company, of delineating; representation; thing drawn, as, that taken by sweeping with a net; quantity drawn in at once in drinking; a potion or potation ; (3Iil.) forces drawn, a detachment ; a sketch, outline, or repre- sentation ; (Com.) an order for payment of money, bill of exchange, draft; a current of air ; that which draws, as, a sink or drain ; pi. (Med.) a mild vesi- catory, a sinapism. Capacity of being drawn. (Naut.) Depth of water necessary to float a ship, esp. when laden. (Com.) Allowance on goods, to insure full weight, pi. A game played on sl check- ered board; checkers. The bevel given to the pat- tern for a casting, that it may be drawn from the sand without injury to the mold. — a. Used for drawing; drawn directly from the barrel, etc. —v. t. To draw out, call forth. — Draught '-board, n. Board on which draughts are played. — Draughts'man,?*.; pi. -men. One who draws writings or designs. Drawl, drawl, v. i. and t. [drawled (drawld), drawl- ing.] To utter in a slow, lengthened tone. — n. A lengthened utterance of the voice. Dray, dra, n. A low cart for heavy burdens drawn by a horse; a drag; a squirrel's nest. — Dray'age, -ej, n. Use of a dray, or charge therefor. Dread, dred, n. Overwhelming apprehension of dan- ger; reverential fear; awe; terror; dismay; an object of fear. —a. Exciting fear; terrible; frightful; ven- erable in the highest degree. — -v. t. To fear in a great degree; to regard with terrific apprehension. — v. i. To be in great fear.— Dread'ful, -ful, a. In- spiring dread, awe, or reverence ; terrible ; shock- ing. Dream, drem,»i. A series of thoughts in sleep; a sleep- ing vision; an idle fancy ^)r suspicion; re very; va- gary.— v. i. [dreamed (dremd) or dreamt (dremt), dreaming.] To have images in the mind, during slumber; to let the mind run on in revery; to antici- pate as a coming reality; to imagine. — v. t. To im- agine, think of, or believe in a dream, or in an anal- ogous state. — Dreamier, n. — Dreani'y, -T, a. [dreamier; dreamiest.] Full of dreams; appro- priate to dreams. — Dreamless, a. Free from, etc. Drear, Dreary, drer'f, a. [drearier ; -iest.] Ex- citing cheerless sensations or associations; comfort- less; dismal; gloomy. Dredge, drei, n. An instrument to take by dragging, esp. a machine for taking up mud, etc., from the bed of a stream, —v. t. [dredged (drejd), dredging.] To catch, gather, or deepen with a dredge. Dredge, drej, v. t. To sprinkle flour on (meat, etc.).— n. A mixture of oats and barley sown together. Dregs, dregz, n. pi. Corrupt or defiling matter con- tained in a liquid, or precipitated from it; feculence; lees; sediment; the vilest part of anything. Drench, drench, v. t. [drenched (drencht), drench- ing.] To cause to drink; esp. to put a potion down the throat of, as of ahorse; to purge violently; to wet thoroughly, soak, saturate with liquid. — n. A drink; draught; esp. a potion of medicine forced down the throat; one that causes purging. Dress, dres, v. t. [dressed (drest) or drest, dress- ing.] To make straight. (Mil.) To arrange as sol- diers in a straight line, align. To adjust, put in good order; to treat with remedies, as a sore; to prepare for use, get ready. (Mach.) To cut to proper di- mensions; to smooth or finish work. To put clothes upon, attire, array, adorn; to break and train for use, as ahorse. — v. i. (Mil.) To arrange one's self in a line of soldiers. To clothe one's self. — n. Clothes; garments: a lady's gown; attention to ap- parel, or skill in adjusting it. — Dressing, n. Dress; raiment; an application to a sore or wound; manure spread over land. (Cookery.) Stuffing ; forcemeat. Gum, starch, etc., used in preparing silk, linen, etc. (Arch.) An ornamental molding around doors, windows, etc. — Dress'y, -i, a. Attentive to, or showy in, dress. Dribble, Driblet. See under Drop. Drier. See under Dry. Drift, etc. See under Drive. Drill, dril, v. t. [drilled (drild), drilling.] To pierce or bore with a drill; to train in the military art, instruct in the rudiments of any branch of knowledge. — v. i. To muster for military or other exercise. — n. A pointed instrument for boring holes in metals and other hard substances: see Bit, under Bite; a drill-press; training of soldiers in the military art; instruction in any business. — Drill- ing, w. Act of piercing with a drill. — Drill'' -press, 6tui, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. DRILL 118 DROWSE Drill-press. n. A machine-tool for boring in metal. — sergeant, -sar'jent, n. A non- commissioned officer who drills soldiers. DrilL dril, v. t. and i. To sow (seeds) in rows, drills, or channels. — n. An implement for making holes for sow- ing seed; a furrow to put seed into— Dril- ling, n. Act of plant- ins: with a drill.— DfilT-piow. -plough, n. A plow lor sowing grain in drills. Drilling, drilling, n. A coarse linen or cotton cloth, for trowsers, etc. Drink, drink, v. i. [imp. DRANK, formerly DRUNK ; p. p. DRUNK or DRANK, formerly DRUNKEN ; DRINKING.] To swallow anything liquid; to partake of intoxicating liquors in merriment, feasting, etc.. or to excess. — v. i. To swallow (liquids), imbibe, absorb: to take in through the senses, hear, see. — n. Liquor to be swallowed. — Drink-'er, n. One who, etc.: esp. who uses spirit- uous liquors to excess.— Drink'able, a. — Drunk, a. Overcome by drinking : intoxicated: inebriated. — Drank'' en, -h, a. Drunk: given to excessive drink- ing : pert, to or proceeding from intoxication. — Drunk'' enness, n. State of" being, etc.: inebriety,- disorder of the faculties as if from intoxication.— Drunk' r ard, n. One who habitually drinks to excess; a toper, inebriate. Drip, etc. See under Drop. Drive, driv, v. t. [imp. drove (drov); p. p. driven (driv'n); driving.] To push forward, compel to move on: to chase, hunt; to urge on and guide, as beasts drawing a vehicle: to take in a carriage. (Mfc ing.) To dig horizontally. To urge, impel, hurry for- ward, force, constrain; "to carry on, prosecute. — v. i. To rush and press with violence; to be impelled; to proceed by urging on a vehicle or the animals drawing it; to aim or tend to a point.— n. An ex- cursion in a carriage, — disting. tr. a ride, which is taken on horseback; a road for driving; a direct blow given to a cricket ball. — Driv'er, n. One who or that which, etc.; esp. one who drives horses, runs a locomotive, oversees slaves, etc. (Mach.) That which communicates motion to something else. (Xan.t.) The after-sail in a ship, etc.; spanker: see Sail. — Drift, n. That which is driven; a mass of matter iorced into its present position; a drove or flock, as of cuttle, birds, etc.: act or motion of drift- ing, iorce which impels; course along which any- thing^ is driven; tendency of an act, argument, etc.; object aimed at; import of words. {Arch.) The hor- izontal force which an arch exerts. (Geol.) A col- lection of earth and rocks distributed ovir portions of the ..arth's surface. (Mech.) A conical hand- tool for shaping a hole in metal. (Mil.) A tool for driving down the composition in a firework. (Min- ing.) A passage under ground. (Ncrnt.) Direction of a current; distance to which a vessel is drawn off from her desired course: a piece in the sheer-draught, where the rail is cut off. — v. i. To be driven along by a current of water; to be driven into heaps. (Min- ing.) To follow a vein, prospect. — r. t. To drive into heaps. — Drove, drov, n. A collection of cr-.ttle, etc., for driving or in motion: a moving crowd of people. (Agr.) A drain or channel for irrigating land. — Drov'er, n. A driver of sheep, cattle, etc. Drivel, drivl, v. i. [-eled (-Id), -eling.] To let spit- tle flow from the mouth, like a child or dotard; to he weak or foolish: to dote. — n. Slaver; saliva flowing from the mouth: unmeaning utterance; nonsense; A slabberer ; a fool : idiot. — Driveler, driv'1-er, idiot ; fool. Drizzle, driz'zl, v. i. [-zled (-zld), -zling.1 To rain gently, fall in very small drops. — r. t. To shed in minute^lrops.— n.'Fine rain or mist; mizzle. Droll, drol, a. Fitted to provoke laughter; queer; funny; comical. — n. One who raises mirth by odd tricks: jester; buffoon: antic: something exhibited for sport; a farce. — DroU'ery, -er-i, n. Quality of being droll; archness; lun. Dromedary, drum'e-der-l, n. A species of camel hav- ing one hunch on the back, — disting. fr. the B actrian Camel, which has two. Drone, drcn, n. The male of the honey-bee, which makes no honey, but after living a few weeks, is killed or driven | from the hive: a lazy fellow: slusrgard. — v. i. [d'eosed (drbnd), droning.] To live in idleness. — n. A hummiug, Dromedary, low sound; that which gives out a monotonous tone, as. the largest tube of the bagpipe.— v.i. To give a low, heavy, dull sound. — v. t. To read or recite in a dull, monotonous tone. Drool, drool, r. i. To drop saliva. Droop, droop, v. i. [drooped (drobpt), drooping.] To sink or hang down, as an animal, plant, etc., from weakness; to grow faint, be dispirited, flag. Drop, drop, n. The quantity of fluid which falls in one small spherical mass; globule about to fall; smallest easily measured portion of a fluid; what- ever is arranged to drop, hang, or fall from an ele- vated position, as, a door or platform opening down- ward, trapdoor, machine for lowering weights to a ship's deck, contrivance for lowering a gas jet, cur- tain which drops in front of a stage, etc.; a drop- press. (Mach.) Distance of a shaft below the base of a hanger, pi. Any medicine measured by drops. (Xaut.) Depth of a sail, from head to foot, amid- ships.— v. t. [dropped (dropt), -PING.] To pour or let fall in drops, distill; to cause to descend sud- denly, let fall;/ to let go. dismiss, set aside; to com- municate in ah indirect, cautious, or gentle manner; to lower, ay£'curtain, the muzzle of a gun, etc.; to send by$83pping into the post-office box, as a letter; tQ^ficwe¥ with drops, speckle, bedrop; to give birth to. — said of sheep, cattle, etc. — v. i. To distill, fall in globules, let drops fall; to descend suddenly, abruptly, or spontaneously: to die suddenly, come to an end, cease; to come unexpectedly; to fall : to lower. — Drip, v. i. and r. [Tjripped (dript), drip- ping. J To let fall in drops. — n. A falling in drops; that which falls in drops. (Arch.) Edge of a roof; eaves; cornice.— Drip'ping, n. What falls in drops, as fat from roasting meat. — Drib^ble, -bl. ?\ i. [-bled (-bid), -bling.] To fall in drops, or in a quick succession of drops: to slaver, as a child or idiot. — v.i. To throw down in drops.— Driblet, -let, n. A very small drop; small quantity or sum. Dropsy. drop'sT, n. (Med.) An unnatural collection of serous fluid in any part of the body. (Bot.) A disease of plants, occasioned by excess of water. — Drop'sical. a. Diseased with", like, or pert, to, dropsy. — Drop'sicalness, n. Drosky, dros'kT, n. A 4-wheeled Russian carriage; a kind of victoria used in German cities. Dross, dros, n. The scum or extraneous matter of metals, thrown off in melting; rust; crust of metals; impure matter; refuse. Drought, drowt, n. Dryness of the weather, prevent- ing growth of plants. — Droughfy. -T, a. Char- acterized by drought : thirsty. — Drought'iness, n. — Drouth, n. Same as Drought. Drove, Drover. See under Drive. Drown, drown, v. t. [drowned (drownd), drown- ing.] To overwhelm in water, submerge, deluge: to deprive of life by immersion, sink under water till dead : to overpower, overcome. — v. i. To be suffocated in water or other fluid. Drowse, drowz, v. i. [drowsed (drowzd), drows- ing.] To sleep unsoundly, slumber.— v. t. To make heavy with sleepiness. — w. A slight or imperfect sleep: a doze. — Drow'sy, -zT, o. [-SIER, -SIESX.] aim fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; lu, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r j DRUB 119 DUMB Inclined to doze; heavy with sleepiness; disposing to sleep ; stupid ; soporific. — Drow'sily, adv. — Drow'siness, n. Drub, drub, v. t. [drubbed (drubd), drubbing.] To beat with a stick, thrash, pommel. — n. A blow with a stick or cudgel; a thump. Drudge, druj, v. i. [drudged (drujd), drudging.] To work hard, labor in mean offices with toil. — n. One who drudges. — Drudg'ery, -er-I, n. Act of drudging; hard labor; ignoble toil. Drug, drug, n. Any substance used in the composi- tion of medicine, or in dyeing or in chemical opera- tions; any commodity that lies on hand, or is not salable. — v. i. [drugged (drugd), -ging.] To ad- minister drugs. — v. t. To season with drugs; tinc- ture with something offensive or injurious; dose to excess.— Drug'gist, n. One who deals in drugs, esp. one who buys and sells, without compounding them. — Drug'get, n. A coarse woolen cloth, to protect carpets. Druid, droo'id, n. A priest among the ancient Celts in Gaul, Britain, and Germany. — Dru'idess, n. A female Druid ; enchantress. — Druid'ie, -ical, a. Pert, to, or like Druids or their religion. — Dru'id- ism, n. System of religion, philosophy, etc., of, etc. Drum, drum, n. (31ns.) A hollow cylinder or hemi- sphere, upon which vellum is stretched, to be beaten with a stick. (Mil.) A drummer. Anything drum-shaped, as a sheet-iron radiator, receiving heat from a stove-pipe; a cylindrical box in which figs, etc., are packed. (AnatA The tympanum or barrel of the ear. (Arch.) The upright part of a cupola; also the bell-formed part of the Corinthian and composite capitals. (Meek.) A cylinder revolv- ing on an axis, for turning wheels by means of straps around it. (Ichth.) A fish which makes a drumming or grunting sound under water. — v. i. [drummed (drumd), drumming. ] To beat on a drum, beat with the fingers, as with drum-sticks; to beat, as the heart, throb; to go about to gather recruits, secure partisans, customers, etc. — v. t. To execute on a drum, as a tune; with out, to expel with beat of drum; with up, to assemble by beat of drum; without up, to solicit the custom of. — Drum'- mer, n. One who beats, etc.; a traveling salesman. — Drum'ming, n. Act of beating (a drum); act of striking repeatedly with the ends of the fingers, etc.; noise made by a partridge by beating his wings upon his sides. — Druni'stick, n. Stick for beating a drum: upper joint of a fowl's leg, shaped like, etc. Drunk, Drunkard, etc. See under Drink. Drupe, droop, n. (Bot.) A pulpy, coriaceous or fibrous pericarp or fruit, without valves, containing a nut or stone with a kernel. See Pericarp. Dry, dri, a. [drier, driest.] Free from moisture, as (said of the weather) free from rain or mist, (of vegetable matter) from juices or sap, (of animals) not giving milk, (of persons) thirsty, needing drink, ("of the eyes) not shedding tears; destitute of that which interests or amuses ; unembellished ; plain ; characterized by shrewdness, or sarcasm ; sharp. (Fine Arts.) Exhibiting a sharp, frigid preciseness of execution. — v. *. [dried (drid), drying.] To free from moisture. — v. i. To grow dry, lose mois- ture: to evaporate wholly, be exhaled. Duad, Dual, Duarchy, etc. See under Duo. Dualin. See Nitroglycerine. Dub, dub, v. t. [dubbed (dubd), -bing.J To strike with a sword and make a knight; to invest with any dignity, entitle; to prepare (a game cock) for fight- ing, by trimming the hackles and cutting off the comb and gills. Dubious, Dubitation, etc. See under Doubt. Ducal, Ducat, Duchy, etc. See under Duke. Duck, duk, n. A kind of coarse cloth or light canvas, for tents, small sails, bed-sacking, etc. Duck, duk, n. A water fowl; a dip of the head. — v. t. [ducked (dukt), ducking.] To plunge Duck (A. boschas). into water and suddenly withdraw; to immerse; to plunge the head of in water, immediately with- drawing it ; to bow, stoop, or nod. — v. i. To plunge the head in water ; to drop the head or per- son suddenly. — Duck'ling, n. A young duck. Duct, dukt, n. Any tube by which a fluid or other substance is conducted *c its destination. — Duc'- tile, -til, a. Easily led or drawn out; tractable; flex- ible; pliable; obsequious; capable of being drawn out into wire or threads. — Duc'tileness, -tillty, -T-tt, n. Dudgeon, duj'un, n. A small dagger; hilt of a dagger; anger; resentment; malice; ill-will; discord. Duds, dudz, n. pi. Old clothes ; tattered garments; effects in general. Due. du, a. Owed; proper to be paid or done to an- other ; required by the circumstances ; suitable ; enforced by conscience ; becoming ; appropriate; fit ; appointed ; exact ; liable to come at any mo- ment ; owing ; occasioned. — adv. Directly ; ex- actly; duly. — n. That which is owed, or which custom, station, or law requires to be paid; a^fee; emolument; right; just title or claim. — ^BGEy, -tl, n. What is due from one to another; esp. what^jne is bound, by any obligation, to do, or refrain fronT^^ doing ; service rendered ; respectful obedience, — said esp. of military service : reverence ; regard. (Com.) Tax, toll, impost, or customs; excise.— Du'teous, -te-us, a. Performing what is due; or what law, justice, or proprietv requires. — Du'teous- ly, adv. — Du'teousness, n.— Dutiable, -ti-a-bl, a. Subject to the payment of a duty. — Du'tiful, -ful, a. Performing obligations required by law, justice, or propriety ; submissive to superiors ; controlled by, or proceeding from, a sense of duty ; obedient ; respectful. — Du'tifully, adv. — Du'tifulness, n. Duel, du'el, n. A combat between 2 persons; esp. a premeditated fight between 2 persons to decide a diff erence. — v. i. To fight in single combat. — v. t. To attack or fight singly.— Du'elist, n. One who, etc. — DueFlo, n. A duel; practice of dueling; code . of laws regulating it. Duenna. See under Dominie. Duet. See under Duo. Dug, dug, n. A teat, or nipple, esp. of a beast. Bug. See Dig. Duke, duk, n. Oris:, a leader; chief; in Eng. one of the highest order of nobility next below the Prince of Wales: in some European countries, a sovereign prince without the title of king. — Duke'dom, -dum, n. Seigniory or possessions, 'title or quality, of a duke. — Ducb/ess, n. The consort of a duke; a lady having the sovereignty of a duchy in her own right. — Du'cal, a. Pert, to, etc. — Du'cally, adv. — Ducb/y, -i, n. Dukedom. — Duc'at, n. A coin of several countries in Europe, struck in the domin- ions of a duke. Dulcet, duKset, a. Sweet to the taste, the ear, or the mind; luscious ; melodious ; harmonious. — Dul'eimer, n. A stringed instrument, played on with little sticks or metallic rods. Dull, dul, a. Slow of under- standing ; slow in action, motion, perception, sensibil- ity, etc.; lacking sharpness; blunt ; not bright or clear to the eye ; heavy ; gross ; insensible ; furnishing lit- tle delight or variety ; inanimate; sluggish ; tar- nished: obtuse. — v. t. [dulled (duld), -Ling.] To make dull, stupid, or sluggish ; stupefj' ; to make blunt ; to dim or obscure ; to deprive of activity. — v. i. To become dull. Duly. See under Due. Dumb, dum, a. Without power of speech ; not will- ing to speak; mute; silent. — Dumb'-bells, n. Two spheres of iron connected by a bar, for swinging in the hands. show, n. Gesture without words ; pantomi m e, -wait'er, v. A movable frame to carry dishes, etc.. f'-nni one story to another. — Dumbfound, -founder, Dumb-bells. Dulcimei . sun, cube, full ; moon, f'd&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. DUMP 120 DYSPEPSIA v. t. To strike dumb, confuse. — Dum'my, -mT, n. One who is dumb; a dumb-waiter; a sham package in a shop : figure on which clothing is exhibited: a locomotive with condensing engines, and without the noise of escaping steam; the exposed hand when 3 persons play at cards ; a clumsy, awkward, or thick-witted fellow; one who plays a merely nom- inal part in any action ; a tiling which is not what it pretends to be. — a. Silent; mute; sham. Damp, dump, re. A gloomy state of the mind ; melan- choly; despondency, — usually in pi. Dump, dump, v. t. [dumped (dumpt), dumping.] To unload from a cart by tilting it. Dumpy, dump'!, a. Short and thick. —Dump 'ling, n. A thick pudding or mass of paste in cookery. Dun, dun, a. Of a dark color ; partaking of brown and black; swarthy; dark; gloomy; obscure. — v. t. To cure, as codfish, so as to give them a dun color. Dun, dun, v. t. [dunned (dund), -ning.] To beset, or ask with importunity, as a debtor, for payment. — . n. One who duns; an urgent demand of payment. Dunce, duns, n. A person of weak intellect ; a dul- lard; dolt; thickskull; simpleton L Dunderhead, dim'der-hed, -pate, -pat, n. A dunce. Dune, doon, re. A low hill of sand on a sea-coast. Dung, dung, re. The excrement of an animal. — v. t. [DUNGED"(dungd), dunging.] To manure with dung. Dungeon, dun'jun, n. A donjon, q. v., and see Cas- tle; a secure prison; esp. a dark, subterranean place of confinement. Dunker, dunk'er, n. Same as Tunker. Duo, du'o, n. {Mus.) A duet. — Duet, du-ef, n. A musical composition for two performers. — Du'al, a. Expressing or consisting of the number 2; pert, to 2. — Du'alism, -izm, n. The dividing into 2 ; anything divided into 2 ; a twofold division : a sys- tem which assumes, or is founded on a double prin- ciple.— Du'alist, n. One who believes in dualism. — Dualistlc, a. Consisting of 2; pert, to dualism or duality.— Duality, -T-tT, re. That which expresses 2 in number; division; separation; state or quality of being 2. — Du'ad, n. Union of 2 ; duality. — Du'archy, -ar-kT, n. Government by 2 persons. — Du'ple, -pi, a. Double. — Du'plex, a. Double; twofold. — Du'plicate, -kat, a. Double; twofold. — n. That which exactly resembles something else ; a copy ; transcript ; counterpart ; that which is of the same kind as some other thing, but not neces- sarily resembling it in other respects. {Law.) A document essentiallv the same as another, and dif- fering from a mere* copy in having all the validity of an original, —v. t. To double; to make a copy of. {Physiol.) To divide into 2 by natural growth or spontaneous action. — Duplicate proportion or i-atio. {Math.) The proportion or ratio of squares. — Duplication, n. Act of duplicating. {Physiol.) Act or process of dividing by natural growth or spontaneous action. — Duplicative, -tiv, a. Having the quality of doubling. — Du'plicature, -chur, n. A doubling ; a fold, as of a membrane or vessel. — Duplicity, -plis'I-tY. n. Doubleness of heart, speech, or dealing ; dissimulation ; deceit : guile ; deception. {Law.) The use of two or more distinct allegations or answers, where one is sufficient. — Duumvir, du-um'ver, n. ; pi. -viri, -vY-ri. One of 2 officers or magistrates in ancient Rome united in the same public functions. — Duum-'virate, -rat, n. Union of 2 men in one office; office, dignity, or rule of, etc. Duodecimal, du-o-des'T-mal, a. Proceeding in com- putation by twelves. —Duodecimals, 7i.pl. {Arith.) A kind of multiplication in which the denomina- tions proceed by twelves, as of feet and inches. — Duodecimo, a. Formed of sheets folded so as to make 12 leaves. — re. ; pi. -mos. A book in which a sheet is folded into 12 leaves ; the size of a book thus composed, — usually indicated thus: 12mo, or 12°. — Duode'num, n. {Anat.) The first of the small intestines, about 12 fingers' breadth in length. Dupe, dun, re. One who is misled; a gull. — v. t. [duped (dupt), duping.] To deceive, trick, mis- lead by imposing on one's credulity. Duple, Duplicate. DuDlicity, etc. See under Duo. Dure, dur, v. i. [diked (durd), during.] To endure, last, continue. — Du'rable, a. Able to endure "or continue in a particular condition; not perishable or changeable; permanent; firm; stable; constant. — Dulableness, -billty, -tT, n. — Dulably, adv.— Dur'ance, -ans, n. Continuance; duration; impris- onment; duress. — Dura'tion, n. Quality of endur- ing ; continuance in time : prolonged existence ; portion of time during which anything exists.— During, prep. In the time of ; as long as the ac- tion or existence of. Durst. See Dare. Dusk, dusk, a. Tending to darkness or blackness ; darkish. — n. Imperfect obscurity : twilight ; a color partially black or dark.— Dusk^y, -T, a. Par- tially dark or obscure; dark-colored; gloomy; sad ; intellectually clouded. Dust, dust, n. Very fine, dry particles of earth, etc. ; powder ; fine sand ; the earth as the resting-place of the dead; the grave; a low condition ; gold-dust ; money ; specie. — v. t. To free from dust, sprink- le with dust, reduce to powder. — Dusfer, re. One who, or that which, etc.; an overgarment to protect the clothes from dust. — Dust'y, -T, a. [-ier, -iest. ] Filled, covered, sprinkled with, or Like, etc. — Dust- iness, n. Dutch, duch, a. Pert, to Holland, to its inhabitants, or their language, — used also, incorrectly, of Ger- mans. — v. t. To render clear and hard by dipping into hot oil, sand, etc., — as goose-quills. Duumvir. See under Duo. Dwarf, dwawrf, n. An animal or plant much below ordinary size ; esp., a diminutive man. — v. t. [dwarfed (dwawrft), dwarfing.] To hinder from growing to the natural size ; to stunt. Dwell, dwel, v. i. [dwelled (dweld) usually dwelt, dwelling.] To abide as a permanent resident; to inhabit for a time ; to be domiciled, reside, stay, remain. — Dwell'ing, 7i. Habitation; abode: domi- cile.— Dwell'ing-house, n. A house intended for residence, disting. f r. a store, office, etc. — -place, re. Place of residence, abode. Dwindle, dwin'dl, v. i. [-dled (-did), -dling.] To diminish, waste away. — v. t. To make less, bring low; to break, dispers'e. —n. Process of dwindling ; decline. Dye, di, v. t. [dyed (did), dying.] To stain, color, give a new and permanent color to. — Dy"er, n. — Dye'-house, n. Place where dyeing is carried on. — -stuff, n. Material used in dye'ing. Dying. See Die. Dyke. See Dike. Dynamic, di-namlk, -ical, a. Pert, to strength or power, or to dynamics. — Dynamics, n. sing. Sci- ence of moving'forces, — opp. to statics ; the moving moral or physical forces of any kind, or laws which relate to them. {Mus.) Science of the force of mu- sical sounds. — Dynam'eter, n. {Opt.) An instru- ment to determine the magnifying power of tele- scopes.— Dynametlical, a. Pert, to, etc. — Dy'nam- ite, n. See Nitro-glycerine. — Dyn'amonT'eter, n. An instrument for measuring power, esp. that of animals, men, or machines. — Dyn'amomet'ric, -rical, a. Pert, to a dynamometer, or the measure of force. — Dy'nasty, -tT, n. Sovereignty ; esp. a race of kings, of the same line, governing a particular country. — Dynaslic, a. Pert, to, etc. Dysentery, dis'en-ter-T, n. {Med.) Inflammation of the rectum or colon, with griping pains, desire to evacuate the bowels, and discharges of mucus and blood.— Dysenteric, -ical, a. Pert, to, accompanied with, proceeding from, or afflicted with, etc. Dyspepsia, dis-pep'sl-a or -sha, -sy, -sT, w. {Med.) Dis- turbance of the functions of the stomach ; chronic difficulty of digestion. — Dyspeplic, -tical, a. Af- flicted with, pert, to, or consisting in, etc. — Dys- pep'tic, n. One afflicted with, etc. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fire ; end, eve, ,term ; Tn, Ice ; Odd, tone, 6r ; 121 ECCENTRIC E. E, e, the 2d vowel and 5th letter of the English alpha- bet, is usually silent at the end of words, but indi- cates that the preceding vowel has its long sound, where otherwise it would be short, as in mane, mete, which without the final e would be pronounced m&n, mSt. (Mus.) E is the od tone of the model diatonic scale. Eb (E flat) is a tone intermediate between D and E. Each, ech, a. A distrib. adj. pron., used either with or without a following noun, and denoting every one of the individuals composing a whole, con- sidered separately from the rest. [To each corre- sponds other. Each other is used elliptically for each the other.] Eager, e'ger, a. Orig. sharp; sour: keen; excited by desire in pursuit of an object ; ardent to pursue, perform, or obtain : earnest. Eagle, e'gl, n. A rapacious bird of the falcon family: its figure is used as a heraldic emblem and for standards and em- blematic devices; a gold coin of the U. S., worth $10. — Ea'gless, n. A female eagle. — Ea'glet, n. A young eagle.— Ea'- gle-eyed, a. Sharp- sighted. Ear, er, n. The organ of hearing willingness to listen; attention^ regard ; part of any thing like an animal's ear. less, a. Without ears; deaf: unwil- ling to hear. — Ear'drop, n. An ear- ring. (Bot.) The auricula, a kind of primrose. lap, n. Tip of the ear. lock, n. A curl of hair near the ear; love-lock. — mark, n. A mark on the ear, by slitting or cropping, to identify a sheep, etc.; any distinguishing mark. — v. t. To mark for identification. — ring, n. An ornament suspended from the ear by a ring passing through the lobe. — shot, n. Reach of the sense of hearing; distance at which words may be heard. — trump'et, n. An instrument to aid in hear- i-, pl ; v . h nTlt -wax, n. Cerumen ; a sub- \ ? el ; 1 *'. °: an r Eagle. sense of hearing; f External Ear, or Auricle. ing. stance secreted by the glands of the ear. wig, n. A leaf-eating insect, vulgarly believed to creep through the ear into the brain. Ear, er, n. The spike of Indian corn or other grain, containing the ker- nels. helix; c. sca- pha, or sca- phoid (boat- like) fossa ; d. tragus ; e. anti- '""■■'■""■■'" - Sui^ Ear, er, v. t. To plow or till. Earl, erl, n. A nobleman of Eng. ranking below a marquis and above a viscount. — Earl'dom, -dum, n. Seigniory, jurisdiction, or dignity of an earl. Early, er'lT, a. In advance of the usual or appointed time: timely; not late. — adv. Soon; betimes. Earn, ern, v. t. [earned (ernd), earning.] To de- serve by labor; to acquire by service or performance. Earnest, er'nest, a. Ardent in the pursuit of an ob- ject; eager to obtain; intent; fixed; eager; zealous; fervent ; hearty. — n. Seriousness ; reality. A pledge given in token of a bargain made. Earth, erth, n. The globe we inhabit; the world; the solid materials forming it ; dry land ; soil of all kinds, including gravel, clay, loam, etc.; the ground; a region; country; the people on the globe. (Chem.) A tasteless and 'inodorous, uncolored, earthy-look- ing, metallic oxide; a similar oxide, having a slight alkaline reaction, —v. t. [earthed (grtht), earth- ing.] To hide in, or cover with earth. — v. i. To retire under ground, burrow. — Earth'en, -n, a. Made of earth, or of burnt clay, etc. — Eartb/y, -T, Easel. a. Of or pert, to, etc.; terrestrial; gross; unrefined. — Eartb/ly, -IT, a. Pert, to earth ; not heavenly or spiritual; sordid ; carnal ; mean ; groveling ; o± all things on earth ; possible. Ease, ez, n. Freedom from pain, trouble, toil, con- straint, etc. ; repose ; tranquillity ; facility; readi- ness. — v. t. [eased (ezd), easing.] To free from what pains, disquiets, or oppresses; to render less painful, disgusting, or oppressive; to release from pressure or restraint, shift a little. — Eas'y, -T, a. [easier, -iest.] At ease; free from pain, etc.; not causing pain or exertion; not difficult; causing ease or comfort ; not resisting ; tranquil ; calm ; com- pliant. (Com.) Not straitened in money matters. — Eas'ily, -IT, adv. With ease; readily; gently. Easel, e'zl, n. A wooden frame to support pictures while being painted. East, est, n. The point in the heavens where the sun rises at the equinox ; point opposite the west; eastern part of a country; regions east of any country; esp., the southern parts of Asia. — a. Toward the rising sun. — v. i. To move toward the east ; to orientate. — East- north-east, east-south-east, etc. See Com- pass. — East'ern, a. Situated in, etc.; oriental; going toward the east.— East- ernmost', a. Most eastern. — East- ward, adv. Toward the east. — East- erly, -IT, a. Coming from, also, situated or moving toward, etc. — adv. On or toward, etc. — Easting, n. (Nav. Sf Surv.) Distance eastward from a given meridian. Easter, esfer, E. day, n. A festival, celebrated on the Sunday after Good Friday, commemorating Christ's resurrection, corresponding to the Jewish passover. Easy 1 See under Ease. Eat, et, v. t. _\imp. eat (St) or ate (at); p.p. eat (et) or eaten (et'n); eating.] To swallow or partake of as food; to corrode, as metal, by rust; to con- sume gradually, as a cancer, the flesh; to waste or ■wear away; to devour, gnaw. — v. i. To take food, feed; to taste or relish.— Eat' able, a. Capable of, or fit to be, etc.; esculent; edible. — n. Anything that maybe eaten. — Eating-house, n. A house where food is sold ready cooked; restaurant. Eau-de-Cologne, o / de-ko-lon /r , n. A perfumed spirit, orig. prepared at Cologne. — Eau-de-vie, -ve, n. Brandy. Eaves, evz, n. pi. (Arch.) The lower edges of a roof, overhanging the walls. — Eaves'drop, v. i. To stand under the eaves or near the windows of a house, to listen to what is said within; to seek to hear others' conversation. — Eaves'" dropper, n. Ebb, eb, n. The reflux of the tide; return of tide- water toward the sea; a falling to a worse state; de- cline ; decay, —v. i. [ebbed (ebd), ebbing.] To flow back, return, as water toward the ocean ; to fall to a worse state, recede, sink. — Ebb'tide, n. Reflux of tide-water ; the retiring tide. Ebony, eb'o-nT, Eb'on, -un, n. A hard, heavy, and durable wood, usually black, which admits of a fine polish. — Eb'on, a. Of, like, or black as ebony. — Eb'onize, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izing.] To make black like ebony. — Eb'onite, -it, n. India-rubber hard- ened by vulcanization, black like ebony, and used for buttons, combs, electrical apparatus, etc. Eburnean. e-ber'ne-an, a. Made of ivory. Ecarte, a'Sciir-ta', n. A game at cards played with a pack from which all cards below the 7s are removed. Ecce-homo, ek'se-ho'mo, n. A picture representing the Savior given up to the people by Pilate, and wearing a crown of thorns. Eccentric, ek-sen'trik, -trical, a. Deviating from the center or from the line of a circle; pert, to eccen- tricity or to an eccentric; not having the same cen- ter, — opp. to concentri ~ - deviating from the usual son, cube, full; moon, fd"ot; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbox, chair, get. ECCLESIASTIC 122 EFFERVESCE course; irregular; anomalous; odd; whimsical.— n. A circle not having the same center as another partly contained within the first ; one who, or that which, deviates from regularity. (Ast.on.) The eupposed circular orbit of a planet about the earth, but with the earth not in its center, in the Ptole- maic system, {ilech.) A wheel having its axis of revolution out of its center of figure, used to obtain a reciprocating or alternate motion from a circu- lar one. — Eccen'- trically, adv. — Ec- centricity.-tris'i-tT, n. State of being. etc. ; oddity. {As- tron.) Distance of the center of the or- bit of a heavenly -,- body from that o'f Eccentric of Steam-engine, the body around which it revolves. Ecclesiastic, ek-kle'zl-aslik, -tical, a. Pert, to the church or to its organization. — Eccle'siaslic, n. A clergyman.— Eccle'sias'tically, adv.— Eccle'sias'ti- cism, -sizm, n. Strong attachment to ecclesiastical Observances, privileges, etc. — Eccle'sias'tes, -tez.n. j Lit. a preacher ; a book of the Old Testament. — | Eccle'sias'ticus, n. A book of the Apocrypha. — j Eccle'siarch, -zt-ark, n. A ruler of the church. Echelon, esh'e-lon, n. {Mil.) The position of a mili- tary body in the form of steps, or with one division i more advanced than another. Echo, ek'o, n. ; pi. -oes, -oz. A sound reflected or | reverberated to the ear. — v. t. [echoed (-od), I -oixg.] To reverberate or send back: to repeat with assent, adopt.— v. i. To be reverberated; to cause an i echo, be attended with an echo. Eclat, a-kla/ or e-kla', n. Brilliancy of success or ef- j fort ; demonstration of admiration ; applause. Eclectic, ek-leklik, a. Selecting; choosing at will. — ! n. One who follows an eclectic method in philos- ophy, science, religion, etc. Eclipse, e-klips', n. {Astron.) An interception of the light of the sun or moon, by intervention of some other body, either between it and the eye, or between the lumi- nous body and that illumi- nated by it. Temporary or par- tial loss of brilliancy, luster, honor, etc. — v. t. Teclipsed Eclipses. S, sun ; i (-klipsf). -SING.] To darken E , earth ; M, or hide (a heavenly body) ; moon, to obscure, or extinguish the beauty, luster, or honor, I etc., of; to throw into the shade. — v. i. To suffer an ; eclipse, become eclipsed. — Ecliplic, n. {Astron.) An imaginary great circle of the sphere, — the apparent ] path of the sun, or real path of the earth, as seen j from the sun. {Geog.) A great circle on the globe, ' answering to the celestial ecliptic. — a. Pert, to, or j described by, the ecliptic; pert, to an eclipse. Eclogue, eklbg, n. A pastoral poem, in which shep- herds converse with each other; a bucolic; idyl. Economy, e-kon'o-ml, n. Management of domestic I affairs, esp. as to expense or disbursement ; the internal, and esp. the pecuniary, management of I anv undertaking, corporation, state, etc.: system of j rules by which anything is managed: thrifty house- keeping ; frugalit5 y . — E'conomlc, -ical, a. "Pert, to the household; domestic; pert, to economy or man- agement of pecuniary affairs, private or public ; saving of unnecessary expense; prudent in expen- diture ; managed with frugality ; pert, to the re- sources and wealth of a country. — Economically, adv. — With economy ; frugally. — E'conomlcs, n. sing. Science of domestic and internal management; political economy. — Econ'omist, n. One who man- ages with frugality : one conversant with political economy. — Econ'omize, r. t. [-mized (-mizd), -miz- ing.] To use with prudence, expend with frugality. — v. i. To manage pecuniary concerns frugally. Ecstasy, ek'sta-sT, n. A state in which the mirid is . carried away beyond the reach of ordinary impres- ' sions : frenzy : excessive joy ; rapture ; insanity ; madness. {Pathol.) A disease accompanied by loss of sensibility, voluntary motion, and mental power, the body being erect and inflexible. — Ecstatic, -ical, a. Rendering one beside one's self; delightful beyond measure; rapturous. Ecumenic, ek-u-menlk, -ical, a. General ; universal, — said esp. of church councils. Edacious, e-da'shus, a. Given to eating ; voracious ; devouring. — Edible, -l-bl, a. Fit to be eaten as food ; esculent ; eatable. Eddy, ed'dT, n. A current of air or water running buck, or opposite to the main current ; a current moving circularly; whirlpool. — v. i. [eddied (-did), -dyi ng.] To move as an eddy. — v. t. To collect as into an eddy. Eden, e'dn, n. The garden where Adam and Eve first dwelt ; a delightful region. Edentate, e-denlat, n. An animal of the sloth and armadillo tribes, wanting fore teeth and canines. Edge, ej, n. The thin cutting side of a blade ; that which cuts as an edge does ; any sharp terminating border ; readiness or fitness to cut : acrimony ; se- verity ; border or part adjacent to the line of divis- ion ; verge; skirt; brink; earlv part; beginning. — v. t. [edged (ejd), edgixg.] "To furnish with an edge, sharpen ; to furnish with a fringe or border ; to make sharp or keen, provoke to action, urge or egg on ; to move by little and little. — v. i. To move sideways or gradually ; to sail close to the wind. — Edging, n. That which forms an edge or border. — Edge'wise, adv. In the direction of, etc. Edible. See under Edacious. Edict, e'dikt, n. That which is proclaimed by au- thority ; special proclamation of command or pro- hibition; law; decree; manifesto. Edify, ed'I-fi, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fyixg.] To instruct and improve in knowledge, esp. in moral and relig- ious knowledge. — Ed'ifica'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; a building up, esp. in a moral and re- ligious sense. — Edifice, -lis, ??. A building; fabric, — chiefly applied to large structures. Edit, edit, v. t. To superintend the publication of ; prepare for publication. — Editor, -er, n. One who edits, esp. who prepares, superintends, and corrects a book, newspaper, etc., for publication. — Edito''- rial, a. Pert, to an editor. — n. An article by the editor of a newspaper. — Editolially, adv. In the manner or character of an editor. — Editorship, n. Business or office of, etc. — Edi'tion, -dish/un, n. The publication of a literary work; number of cop- ies published at once. Educate, ed'u-kat, v. t. To bring up, as a child ; to cultivate and discipline the powers of the mind, in- struct. — Educa'tion, n. Act or process of, etc. ; tui- tion; nurture; teaching; breeding. Educe, e-diis', v. t. [educed (-dust'), -cixg.] To draw forth, as if from concealment, elicit, extract. Eel, eh n. A species of soft-finned, snake-like fishes. E'en, en. A contr. for Even. E'er, ar. A contr. for Ever. Eerie, Eery, CrT, a. Awe-inspiring; weird. [Scot.] Effable, effa-bl, a. Capable of being uttered or ex- plained: explicable, ifface, ef-fas', V. t. [-FACED (-fast'), -FACING.] To erase or scratch out, rub off, render illegible, blot out, obliterate, cancel: to remove from the mind. Effect, ef-fekf, n. That produced by an agent or cause ; result of causation ; impression produced ; power to produce results ; efficiency ; consequence intended, pi. Goods ; movables ; personal estate. — v. 1. To produce, as a cause, or agent, cause to be; to bring to pass, accomplish, achieve.— Effect- ive, -iv, a. Suited or tending to, etc.; in condition to act efficiently; efficacious: forcible; energetic — Effectively, adv. — Effectiveness, re.— Effect'ual, a. Producing, or able to produce, an intended ef- fect: adequate; efficient. — Effica'cious, -shus, a. Effectual; powerf ul. — Efficacy, -sT, n. Quality of being, etc.; virtue: force; energy.— Efa'cient, -fish r - ent, a. Causing effects; producing results; effective; effectual, —n. The producing agent or cause. Effeminate, ef-fem'T-nat, a. Soft or delicate to an un- manly degree; womanish; weak: voluptuous; cow- ardly" — v. t. To make womanish, unman. Effervesce, efTer-ves', v. i. [-vesced (-vest'), -ves- cixg.] To be in a state of natural ebullition; to bub- ble and hiss; to exhibit feelings that cannot be re- pressed. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r | EFFETE 123 ELECT Effuse Branch. Effete, ef-fef, a. No longer capable of producing young; of worn-out energy; barren; worn out with age or excessive indulgence. Efficacious, Efficient, etc. See under Effect. Effigy, ef/iT-jY, Effigies, -fij'i-ez, n. Image of any person or thing; likeness in sculpture, painting, etc. ; impression on a coin representing the prince by whom it was issued. Effloresce, ef-flo-res', v. i. [-resced (-rest'), -res- cind.] (Chem.) To change over the surface, or throughout, to a powder; to become covered with a whitish crust or light crystallization. Effluent, ef'flu-ent, a. Flowing out. — Efflu'vium, n. ; pi. -via, -vl-a. Subtile or invisible emanation; esp. noisome or noxious exhalation. Effort, effert, n. An exertion of power, physical or mental; endeavor; struggle; attempt; trial; essay. Effrontery, ef-frunfer-T, n. Excessive assurance. Effulgent, ef-ful'jent, a. Diffusing a flood of light; shining; splendid. — EffuKgence, -jens, n. State of being, etc.; extreme brilliancy. Effuse, ef-fuz', v. t. [-fcsed (-fuzd'), -fusing.] To pour out, as a fluid, spill, shed. —v.i. To emanate, issue.— a. (Bot.) Spreading loosely, esp. on one side.— Effu'sion, -zhun, n. Act of pouring out; thing poured out. (.Pathol.) Escape of a fluid out of its natural vessel into another part; secre- tion of fluids from the vessels, as of lymph or serum, on dif- ferent surfaces. — Effu'sive, -siv, a. Pouring forth largely. — Effu'sively, adv. — Effusiveness, n. Eft, eft, n. A salamander or newt. E. g. or Ex. gr. Contr. for Exempli gratia, q. v. under Example. Egg, eg, n. A body produced by a female animal, within which, when impregnated, the embryo of a new individual is developed: eggs of oviparous ani- mals contain a supply of nourishment for the em- bryo, and are usually inclosed in a spheroidal shell. Anything egg-shaped. Egg, eg, v. t. [egged (egd), egging.] To urge on; instigate. Eglantine, eg'lan-tin or -tTn, n. A species of rose. Egoism, e'go-izm, n. (I'hilos.) Subjective idealism. An excessive love of self; selfishness. — E'goist, n. A follower of Descartes or Fichte; believer in the doctrine of subjective idealism; one given to ego- tism.— Ergotism, -tizm, n. Practice of too frequently using the word /,• self-praise; self-commendation; conceit; vanity.— E'gotist, n. One who, etc. Egregious, e-gre'jus, a. Disting. fr. common men or actions, —generally in a bad sense; extraordinary; monstrous; precious. Egress, e'gres, n. Act of going out or leaving; power to leave; departure. Egyptian, e-jip'shun, a. Pert, to Egypt, in Africa.— n, A native of Egypt; a gypsy. Eh, e, interj. An expression of inquiry or slight sur- prise. Eider, i'der, E.-duck, n. A sea-duck, which breeds in remote northern regions, and produces tine down. Eight, at, a. Twice 4 in number. — n. The num- ber greater by a unit than V; the sum of 4 and 4: a symbol representing eight units, as 8 or viii.— Eighth, Stth, a. N e x t in order after the 7th; consisting of one of 8 equal parts into which any thing is divided. — n. One of 8 equal parts; an eighth part. (Mus.) The interval of an octave.— ^ r /I r Eighth note. (Mus.) The 8th I J I L Eart of a whole note, or semi- & > ^ 1/ r e v e ; a quaver. — Eightb/ly, p.vhfh Wntoa adv. _ In the 8th place. - Eight- Eighth * otea - een, afen, a. Twice 9 in number, —n. The num- ber greater by a unit than]"; sum of 10 and 8; a sym- bol representing eighteen units, as 18 or xviii. — Eider-duck. Eighteenth, -enth, a. Next in order after the 17th; consisting of one of 18 equal parts into which any thing is divided.— n. One of 18 equal parts; the 8tn after the 10th. — Eighty, afi, a. Eight times ten; fourscore. — n. The sum of 8 times 10; symbol rep- resenting eighty units, as 80 or lxxx. — Eightieth, -T-eth, a. The next in order after the 79th; consist- ing of one of 80 equal parts into which any thing is divided. Either, e'rher or i'rher (analogy and the best usage favoring e'ther), a. or pi on. One or the other,— properly of 2 things; each of two, the one and the other. — conj. Either is always correlative to or, and precedes it, indicating the first of certain things, any one of which is true, is to be done, etc. Ejaculate, e-jakli-lat, v. t. To throw out, as an ex- clamation. — r. i. To utter ejaculations— Ejac'ula''- tion, n. Uttering of a short, sudden exclamation or prayer ; exclamation or prayer uttered. (JUed.) Emission of semen. — Ejac'ulatory, -to-ri, a. Cast- ing or throwing out: suddenly darted out; uttered in short sentences.— Eject, -jekf, v. t. To throw out, cast forth; to drive away, expel violently, or with disgrace; to dispossess, as of land, dwellings, etc. — Ejec'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.— Eject'- ment, n. Expulsion; ejection. (Law?) A species of mixed action, which lies for recovery of possession of real property, and damages and costs for unlaw- ful_detention of it. Eke, ek, v. t. ("eked (ekt), eking.] To increase, en- large, extend; to supply what is scanty, prolong,— generally with out. — adv. In addition; also; like- wise. Elaborate, e-lab'o-rat, v. t. To produce with labor; Eerfect with painstaking. — a. Wrought with labor; ighly finished. -Elaborately, adv.— ElaVora'tion, n. Act or process of producing with labor; state of being so produced. (Physiol.) Natural process of formation or assimilation, performed by living or- gans in animals and vegetables. Elapse, e-laps r , v. i. [elapsed (-lapsf), elapsing.} To slide, slip, or glide -by; to pass away silently. Elastic, e-las'tik, a. Springing back; having the in- herent property of recovering its former figure ; springy; readily returning to a previous condition, after being depressed or overtaxed. —Elasticity,. -tis'i-ti, n. Quality of, etc.; rebound; power of re- sistance to, or recovery from, depression or overwork. Elate, e-lat', a. Lifted up; elevated; having the spirits raised by success or hope; flushed with confidence; puffed up; proud; swelling. — v. t. To exalt the spirit of, elevate or flush with success.— Ela'tion, n. Inflation of mind ; self-esteem or pride, resulting from success. Elbow, el'bo, n. The joint connecting arm and fore- arm; any flexure or angle, esp. if obtuse, as of a wall, building, etc.; also an angular or jointed part of any structure. — v. t. [elbowed (el'bod), -bow- ing.] To push with the elbow, as when one pushes by another, —v. i. To jut into an angle, project; to push rudely along, jostle. Eld, eld, n. Old age; old people; old times; antiquity. — Eld'er, a. Older; more advanced in age; prior, as in origin. — n. One who is older; a senior; an an- cestor; predecessor; one who, on account of age, acts as ruler or judge; one occupying an office requiring experience and dignity.— EWerly, -IT, a. Some- what old. — Eld'ership. n. Seniority; office of elder, — Eld'est, a. Oldest. Elder, eld'er. n. A genus of plants having broad um- bels of white flowers and dark red berries. Elect, e-lekf, v. t. To pick out, make choice of; to select for office or employment, select by vote, choose, prefer, appoint. (Theol.) To designate as an object of mercv or favor. —a. Chosen; taken by preference. (Theol.) Set apart to eternal life. Chosen, but not invested with office. — n. One chosen or set apart, pi. {Theol.) Those chosen for salvation. — Elecficism, -T-sizm, n. Eclecticism. — Elocution, n. Act of choosing ; choice ; act of' choosing one to fill an office ; power of choosing; free will ; discriminating choice ; discernment. (Theol.) Predetermination of individuals as ob- jects of mercv and salvation. Those elected. [OF.]. — Electioneer'', -er', v. i. [-eered (-erd'), -eer- sun, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boNboN, chair, get. ELECTRUM 124 ixg.] To use influence, argument, or arts for se- curing the election of a candidate. — Elective, -iv, a. Exerting the power of choice; making selection: pert, to, consisting in, or dependent on, choice : be- stowed by election. — Elect'or, -er, n. One who elects, or "has right of choice; one entitled to vote in favor of a candidate for office, or legally qualified to vote; one of the princes of Germany formerly entitled to choose the emperor; one chosen, by vote of the people in the U. S., to elect a president and vice-president. — Elecfress, re. The wife or widow of a German elector. — Elect'oral, -er-al, a. Pert, to, or consisting of, electors. — Elect' orate, -er-at, n. Dignity of an elector ; electorship ; territory of an elector.*— Eligible, -jT-bl, a. Legally qualified; worth v to be chosen; desirable; preferable. Electrum, e-lek'trum, n. Amber; an amber-colored alloy of gold and silver used by the ancients; Ger- man silver plate. — Elec'tric, -tfical, a. Pert, to, oc- casioned by, derived from, or containing, electrici- ty ; capable of occasioning electrical phenomena.— Elec'tric. n. A non-conductor of electricity.— Elec'- trically, adv. In the manner, or by means of, etc. — Electri'cian, -trisb/an, n. One versed in the sci- ence of, etc. — Electricity, -tris'T-tt, re. A subtle agent or power in nature, evolved in any disturbance of molecular equilibrium, whether from chemical, physical, or mechanical cause: science of the phe- nomena of the electric fluid.— Elec'trifi' able, a. Ca- pable of receiving, or of being charged with, etc. — Elec'trify, -fi, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fyixg.] To charge with electricity; to give an electric shock to; to excite suddenly; to surprise, esp. by something inspiriting. — Elec / tro-mag'"net, n. A mass of soft iron, rendered temporarily magnetic by a surrounding coil of wire through which a current of electricity is passing. — Elec'tro-magnet'ic, a. Pert, to magnetism, as con- nected with electricity, or affected by it. — Elec'tro- mag'netism, n. Science of the development of mag- netism by voltaic electricity, and of the currents evolved. — Elec'tro-neg'ative, -tiv, a. Having the Eroperty of being attracted by an electro-positive ody, or a tendency to pass to the positive pole in electrolysis. — EleCtro-pos'itive, «. Of such a na- ture relatively to associated bodies, as to tend to the negative pole' of a voltaic battery, while the associ- ated body tends to the positive pole. — Elec'trotype, -tip, n. A plate (of a page, etc.) with copper, etc., face (electric deposition) and tvpe-metal back.— v. t. [-typed (-tipt), -typing.] To make electrotypes of. Eleemosynary, el-e-mos'T-na-rT, a. Pert, to, or in- tended for the distribution of, charity; given in, or founded or supported by, charity. — n. One who subsists on charity. Elegant, eKe-gant, a. Pleasing by grace and beauty; polished; graceful; refined; exercising a nice choice. — EPegantly, adv. — El'egance, -gans, -gancy, -si, n. State or quality of being elegant ; grace ; that which is elegant. Elegy, el'e-jY, n. A mournful or plaintive poem; fu- nereal song. — Elegiac, e-le'jT-ak or el-e'-ji'ak, a. Pert, to elegy, or written in elegiacs; used in elegies. — n. Elegiac verse. Element, el'e-ment, n. One of the simplest or essen- tial parts of which anything consists; one of the ul- timate, undecomposable constituents of matter ; a simple portion of that which is complex; one of the essential ingredients of any mixture; one out of several parts combined in a system or aggregation. (Anat.) One of the smallest natural divisions of the organism. (Math.) An infinitesimal part of anv- thing of the same nature as the entire magnitude considered. One of the necessary data upou which a calculation depends, pi. The fundamental prin- ciples of any system in philosophy, science, or art; rudiments. That which ancient" philosophy sup- posed to be simple and undecomposable, as the 4 so- called elements, — air, earth, water, and fire ; state natural to anything, or suited for its existence, pi. (Eccl.) The bread and wine in the eucharist. — Ele- ment'ary, -ri, a. Having only one principle or constituent part; pert, to the elements, rudiments, etc.; treating of first principles of a science or art; simple; uncombined; initial; introductory. Elephant, eKe-fant, re. A pachydermatous quadruped Elephant. , of India or Africa, hav- ing a trunk or prehen- j sile proboscis and 2 ivo- ! ry tusks, — the largest land animal now liv- ing. — Elephan'tine. -tin e, a. Pert, to or like, etc.; huge: im- mense. — EFephantP- asis, n. (Med.) One of several skin diseases. attended with destruc- tion or deformity of the part affected. Elevate, el'e-vat, v. t. To lift to a higher place, raise, exalt; to animate, cheer; to ennoble, dignify; to raise to a higher pitch or greater degree of loudness; to intoxicate slightly: to lighten, lessen by detrac- tion, diminish. — Eieva'tion, n. Act of, or condi- tion of being, etc. ; an elevated place. (Astron.) Altitude. (Gunnery.) Angle between the line of direction of a gun and the plane of the horizon. (Arch.) View of a machine, building, etc., drawn to scale, and without regard to perspective. — EF- eva'tor, -ter, n. One who, or that which, elevates; esp. a contrivance for lifting persons, also goods, grain, etc., to an upper floor; a building containing elevators for grain. (Anat.) A muscle which raises a part of the body. Eleven, e-lev'n, a. Ten and one added, ^n. The sum of 10 and 1: a symbol representing eleven units, as 11 or xi.; the players on one side in a game of cricket, 11 in number. — EleVenth, -nth, a. Next after the 10th; constituting one of 11 parts into which a thing is divided. — n. One of 11 equal parts. Elf, elf, Elve, elv, n. ; pi. Elves, elvz. A diminutive spirit, supposed to haunt desert places, and delight in mischievous tricks. — v. t. To entangle. Elicit, e-ljs'it, v. t. To draw out, bring to light. Elide, e-lid'', v. t. (Gram.) To cut off or suppress, as a syllable. — Elision, -lizh'un, n. The cutting off, fof the sake of meter or euphony, of a vowel or syllable, esp. a vowel at the end of a word before another vowel in the following line. Eligible. See underELECT. Eliminate, e-lim'T-nat, v. t. (Alg.) To cause to dis- appear from an equation. To set aside as unim- portant in a process of inductive inquiry; to leave out of consideration ; to obtain by separating, as from foreign matters; to deduce, infer. Elk, elk, n. A large monogamous European deer, with palmate antlers, allied to the Amer. moose; a large polygamous Amer. deer, with branching antlers, a congener of the European red deer. Ell, el, n. A measure of length, chieflv for cloth: the English ell is 4.5 inches ; the Flemish, 27; Scotch, 37.2; French, 54. Ellipse, el-lips', n. (Geom.) An oval figure bounded by a regular curve, — the section of a cone by a plane passing obliquely through its opposite sides. — Ellip/'- sis, n. ; pi. -ses, -sez. (Gram.) Omis- sion ; a figure of syntax, by which words are omitted. Elm, elm, n. A tree of several species. Elocution, el-o-ku'shun, n. Mode of delivery of any- thing spoken, esp. of a public discourse. — Elocu > - tionist, n. One versed in, or a teacher of, etc.— EF- oquent, -kwent, a. Able to express strong emotions in an elevated and effective manner; adapted to ex- press emotion with fluency and power. — EFoquence, -kwens, n. Expression of, etc.; what is eloquently said or written; oratory; rhetoric; persuasive speech. Elongate, e-lon/gat, a. Drawn out at length. — r. t. To lengthen, extend, stretch out. — Elonga'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; protraction: extension: that which lengthens out; removal to a distance; de- parture; intervening space. Elope, e-lop', v. i. [eloped (-lopf), eloping.] To run away, or escape privately, — said esp. of a woman, who runs away with a lover. Eloquence, etc. See under Elocution. Else, els, a. & pron. Other; one or something beside. — adv. & conj. Beside; except that mentioned; otherwise; if the facts were different.— Else'where, Ellipse. am, fame, far, pass or operi, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; Odd, tone, 6T ELUCIDATE 125 EMINENT -hwar, adv. In any other place; in other places in- definitely. Elucidate, e-lu'sY-dat, v. t. To make clear or mani- fest, explain, illustrate. Elude, e-lud', v. t. To avoid by artifice, stratagem, or dexterity; to remain unexplained or undiscovered by; to evade, escape, shun, mock. — Elu'sive, -siv, -sory, -so-rT, a. Tending to elude; evasive; falla- cious; deceitful. — Elu'soriness, n. Elysium, e-lizh'T-um, n. ; E. pi. -iums, -Y-umz, L. pi. -I a, -I-a. {Myth.) The abode of the blessed after death; any delightful place. — Elys'ian, -Y-an, a. Pert, to, etc. ; bliss_ful. Emaciate, e-ma'shi-at, v. i. To lose flesh gradually, waste away. — v. t. To cause to lose flesh gradu- ally. —a. Emaciated. — Ema'cia'tion, n. Condition of becoming, or state of being, etc. Emanate, em'a-nat, v. i. To issue forth from a source ; proceed, as a fountain, take origin, flow, arise, spring. — Emana'tion, n. Act of, or thing which, etc.; effluvium; efflux. — Em'anant, a. Em- anating; passing forth into an act or effect. Emancipate, e-man'sT-pat, v. t. To set free from ser- vitude voluntarily; to liberate: to free from any- thing exerting undue or evil influence, —a. Set at liberty. — Eman'cipa'tion, n. Act of, or state of be- ing, etc. ;_ liberation; release; f reedom. — Eman'ci- pa'tor, ter, n. Emasculate, e-mas'ku-lat, v. t. To castrate, geld ; to render effeminate. — a. Deprived of virility or vigor; unmanned. Embalm, em-bam', v. t. [-balmed (-bamd'), -balm- ing.] To preserve from decay by balm or other aro- matic oils or spices; to perpetuate in grateful remem- brance. Embank, em-bank', v. t. [-banked (-bankf), -bank- ing.] To inclose with a bank, bank up. — Em- bank'ment, n. Act of surrounding or defending with a bank ; a mound or bank. Embargo, em-bar'go, n. A prohibition by public au- thority, and for a limited time, of departure from a port ; any hindrance or restraint. — v. t. [embar- goed (-god), -going.] To hinder from leaving port, by law or edict ; to hinder from going forward, by an embargo. Embark, em-bark', v. t. [-barked (-barkf), -bark- ing.] To put on board a vessel ; to engage, enlist, or invest in any affair. — v. i. To go on board of a vessel, engage in any business, enlist. Embarrass, em-bar'tas, v. t. [-rassed (-rast), -pass- ing.] To hinder through perplexity, render intri- cate, confound, perplex, disconcert, abash, distress. {Com.) To incumber with debt, make incapable of paying. — Embar'rassment, n. A state of entangle- ment or confusion; perplexity arising from insolv- ency, or inability to discharge debts. Embassy, em'bas-sY, n. The public function of an embassador; persons sent as embassadors; dwelling or office of an embassador. — Em- or Ambas'sador, n. A minister of the highest rank sent by one gov- ernment to another, to represent the appointing power, in matters between the governments. —Em- bas'sado'rial, a. Pert, to, etc. Embellish, em-bel'lish, v. t. [-lished (-lisht), -lish- ing.] To make beautiful or elegant by ornaments; to adorn, decorate, grace, illustrate. —Embellish- ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; ornament; beauty; adornment. Ember, em'ber, n. A remnant of burning wood, smoldering amid ashes, — used chiefly in pi., to sig- nify hot cinders covered with ashes. Ember days, em'ber-daz. (Eccl.) Certain days set apart for fasting and prayer in each of the 4 sea- sons of the year,— being the Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday after the 1st Sunday in Lent : the feast of Whitsuntide; Sept. 14th; and Dec. 13th: the weeks in which these days fall are called ember iveeks. Embezzle, em-bez'zl, v. t. [-zled (-zld), -zling.] To appropriate fraudulently to one's own use. — Em- bez'zlement, n. Appropriation to one's own use of what is intrusted to one's care. — Embez'zler, n. Embitter. See Imbitter. Emblem, em'blem, n. An object symbolizing some other object, quality, etc. ; figure ; type ; symbol ; adumbration. — Emblemat'ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, comprising, or using emblems. —Emblematically. adv. Embody, em-bod'T, v. t. [-bodied (-bod'id), -body- ing.] To form into a Dody, invest with matter, make corporeal; to collect into a whole, incorporate, concentrate. — Embod'iment, n. Act of, state of being, or that which is, etc.; a complete system, like an organized body. Embogue, em-bog', v. i. To discharge, as a river, its waters into the sea or other river. Embolden, em-bold'n, v. t. [-ened (-nd), -en inc.] To give boldness or courage to, encourage. Embonpoint, oN-boN-pwoN', n. Plumpness of person; fleshiness. Embosom, em-bot>z'om, v. t. To take into the bosom, cherish; to hide or half conceal. Emboss, em-bos', v. t. [embossed (-bosf), -bossing.] To cover with bosses or protuberances, ornament in relief, fashion raised work upon. Embowel, em-bow'el, v. t. [-eled (-eld), -eling.] To remove the bowels of, eviscerate, embalm ; to hide in the inward parts, bury, secrete. Embower, em-bow'er, v. i. [-ered (-erd), -ering.] To lodge or rest in a bower. — v. t. To cover with a bower, shelter_with trees. Embrace, em-bras', v. t. [-braced (-brasf), -bra- cing.] To clasp or inclose in the arms, press to the bosom, cherish with affection ; to surround or in- close ; to include as parts of a whole, or divisions of a part, comprehend ; to seize eagerly, welcome. — v. i. To join in an embrace. — n. Close encircling with the arms; pressure to the bosom; clasp; hug. Embrasure, em-bra'zher, n. (Fort.) An opening in a wall or parapet, through which cannon are discharged: See Casemate and Castle. (Arch.) The enlargement of the aperture of a door or window, on the inside of the wall, to give more space or light. Embrocate, em'bro-kat, v. t. (Med.) To rub (a diseased part) with spirit, oil, etc. — Embroca'tion, n. Act of rub- bing a diseased part; lotion with which an affected part is washed. Embroider, em-broid'Sr, v. t. [-ered (-Srd), -ering.] To cover with ornamental needle-work or figures. — Emhroid'erer, n. — Embroid'ery, -gr-Y, n. Varie- gated needle-work; decoration. Embroil, em-broil', v. t. [-broiled (-broild'), -broil- ing.] To throw into perplexity, contention, or trouble; to entangle, encumber, disturb, trouble. Embrue. See Imbrue. Embryo, em'brT-o, n. ; pi. -os, -oz. The germ of an organized being, in any stage of ante-natal devel- opment, — in egg, womb, or seed. Emend, e-mend', v. t. To amend. [See Amend.] — Emenda'tion, n. Act of altering for the better; cor- rection; alteration of a text, to give a better reading. Emerald, em'Sr-ald, n. (Min.) A precious stone of a rich green color. (Print.) A kind of type, in size between minion and nonpareil. e2F*This line is printed in Emerald type. Emerge, e-mSrj', v. i. [emerged (-merjd'), emer- ging.] To rise out of, or as out of, a fluid; to issue and appear. — Emer'gence, -gency, -jen-sY, n. Act of, etc.; sudden appearance; unforeseen occurrence ; pressing necessity; exigency. Emery, em'er-T, n. (Min.) An extremely hard, com- pact, dark-colored, granular mineral, allied to co- rundum and sapphire, — used for grinding and polish- ing metals, stones, and glass. Emetic, e-met'ic, a. Inducing to vomit. — n. Med- icine which, etc. Emigrate, em'Y-grat, v. i. To remove from one coun- try to another, for residence.— Em'igrant, a. Pert, to an emigrant; removing from one country to an- other. — n. One who, etc. — Emigra'tion, n. Re- moval to another country for residence; a body of emigrants. Eminent, em'T-nent, a. High: lofty; towering; ex- alted in rank, office, or public estimation ; distin- EE, Embrasures in a parapet. AA, Merlons. ■ sun, cube, full ; moon, foTjt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. EMIR 126 ENCYCLICAL guished; conspicuous; prominent; illustrious. — Em'- Inence, -nency, -sT, n. A height, elevation; an ele- vated situation among men; distinction; preferment; a title of honor, appl. to a cardinal in the Rom. Cath. church. Emir, Emeer, e-mer', n. An Arabian prince, military commander, and governor of a conquered province; in Turkey, an honorary title of the descendants of Mohammed. Emit, e-mit', v. t. To send forth, cause to issue ; to issue forth, as an order or decree; to send into circu- lation, as notes or bills of credit.— Emissary, -sa-rT, n. A secret agent, to advance the interests of his em- ployers; a spy.— a. Exploring; spying. — Emis'sion, -mish'un, n. Act of sending or throwing out; issue; thing sent out, or put in circulation at one time. Emmet, em'met, n. _ An ant or pismire. Emolliate, e-UKl'lI-at, v. t. To soften, render effem- inate. — Emollient, -yent, a. Softening; making supple. — n. (Med.) An external application to allay irritation, and alleviate soreness, swelling, and pain. Emolument, e-mol'u-ment, n. Profit arising from of- fice ; gain ; that which promotes public or private good. Emotion, e-mo'shun, n. A moving of the mind or soul; state of excited feeling; agitation. Empale, em-pal', Impale', v. t. [-paled (-paid'), -paling.] To inclose, surround, shut in; to put to death by fixing on a stake. Emperil, em-per'il, v. t. To put in peril, endanger. Emperor. See under Empire. Emphasis, em'fa-sis, n.;pl. -ses, -sez. (Rhet.) Stress of utterance given to words or parts of a discourse, intended to be impressed specially on an audience; peculiar impressiveness of expression or weight of thought. — Em'phasize, v. t. [-sized (-sTzd), -siz- ing.] To utter with stress of voice, lay emphasis upon, make emphatic — Emphatic, -fat > ik,-ical, a. Uttered with, or requiring, emphasis; attracting at- tention; forcible; impressive; striking. — Emphat- ically, adv. Empire, em'plr, n. Supreme power in governing; do- minion of an emperor, or, rarely, of a king; predom- inant influence; sway; rule; control; government; state. — Em'peror, -per-er, n. The sovereign of an empire,— a title superior to king.— Em' press, n. The consort of an emperor; a woman who rules an empire. Empiric, em-pir'ik or em'pir-ik, n. One who relies upon experiment and observation; one who confines himself to applying the results of his own observa- tion; esp., a quack doctor, charlatan. — Empiric, -ical, a. Pert, to, or founded upon, experiment or experience; depending upon, etc., without due re- gard to science and theory. —Empiricism, -sizm, v. Method or practice of an empiric; practice of medi- cine founded on experience, and neglecting science; quackery. (Metaph.) The doctrine that all knowl- edge is derived from experience. Employ, em-ploi', v. t. [-ployed (-ploid'), -ploying.] To keep in service; to use as instrument, means, or materials, or as agent, servant, or representative. — n. Employment. — Employ^, oN-plwS-ya', Em- ployee', -ploi-e', n. One employed. — Employ'ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; that which engages or occupies; service; agency. Emporium, em-po'rT-um, n. ; L. pi. -ria, -rt-a, E. pi. -riujis, -umz. A place of extensive commerce or trade; commercial city; mart. Empower, em-pow'er, v. t. [-eeed (-Srd), -ering.] To give legal or moral power or authority, or physi- cal force to. Empress. See under Empire. Empty, emp'tT, a. [emptier, -tiest.] Containing nothing; void; not tilled; destitute of effect, sincer- ity, or sense; unable to satisfy; hollow; waste; de- serted; producing nothing; lacking sense; destitute of reality, or real existence; unsubstantial. — v. t. [emptied (-tid), -tying.] To exhaust, deprive of the contents, — v. ?'. To pour or flow out, discharge itself, become empty. Emulate, em'u-lat, v. t. To strive to equal or excel; to vie with, rival. — Emula'tion, n. Act of attempt- ing to excel ; desire of superiority, with effort to attain it ; competition ; rivalry ; contest ; strife. — Em'ulator, -ter, v. A rival : competitor. — Em'u- lous, -lus, a. Ambitiously desirous of like excel- lence with another ; rivaling. — Em'ulously, adv. Emulgent, e-mul'jent, a. (Anat.) Milking or drain- ing out, — said of the renal arteries and veins, —n. An emulgent vessel; a remedy exciting the flow of bile. — Emul'sion, -shun, n. A soft, smooth, milk- like remedy, formed by mixing oil with water and gummy or saccharine substances or yelk of egg. Enable, en-a'bl, v. t. [-abled (-bid), -eling.J To give strength or ability to; to supply with sufficient power. Enact, en-akt', v. t. To decree, make into a law; to perform; to act the part of, play. — Enact'ive, -tiv, a. Having power to enact, as a law. — Enact'ment, n. The passing of a bill into a law; a decree; the acting, as a part in a play. — Enact'or, -er, n. Enamel, en-am'el, n. A substance like glass, but more fusible and nearly opaque; thing enameled. (Anat.) The smooth, hard substance covering the crown of a tooth. — v. t. [-eled (-eld), -eling.] To cover with, or paint in, enamel; to form an enamel-like surface upon. — v. i. To practice enameling. Enamor, en-am'er, v. t. [-ored (-erd), -oring.] To inflame with love, charm, captivate. Encage, en-kaj', v. t. To shut up in a cage. Encamp, en-kamp', v. i. [-camped (-kampf), -camp- ing.] To form and occupy a camp. — v. t. To form into a camp. — Encamp'ment, n. Act of pitching tents or forming huts for temporary rest ; place where an army or company is encamped; camp. Enceinte, oN'bant', n. (Fort.) The main inclosure. — a. (Laiv.) Pregnant; with child. Enchain, en-chan', v. t. [-chained (-chand'), -chain- ing.] To chain, fasten with a chain ; to restrain. — Enchain'ment. n. Act of, or state of being, etc. Enchant, en-chant', v. t. To charm by sorcery, hold as by a spell, delight highly, captivate, fascinate, en- rapture, bewitch. — Enchant'er, n. One who, etc.; a sorcerer, magician. — Enchant'ress, n. A woman who, etc. — Enchant'ment, n. Act of enchanting; use of magic arts, spells, or charms; that which en- chants ; incantation ; magic ; sorcery ; wncherj 7 . Encircle, en-ser'kl, v. t. [-cled (-kid), -cling.] To form a circle about, embrace; to go or come round, encompass, inclose, surround, environ. Enclose. See Inclose. Encomium, en-ko'mt-um, n. ; E. pi. -ums, L. pi. -a, -&. Formal praise; high commendation; eulogy; pane- gyric; applause. — Enco'miastlc, -ical, a. Bestow- ing praise; laudatory. Encompass, en-kum'pas, v. t. [-passed (-past), -pass- ing.] To describe a circle about, inclose, surround, invest, hem in, shut up. — Encom'passment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. Encore. oN-kor', adv. Once more; again, — a call for a repetition of a part of a plav, etc. — v. t. [-cored (-kord'), -coring.] To call for, etc. Encounter, en-kown'ter, n. A meeting face to face; a running against ; a hostile meeting ; conflict ; skirmish ; combat ; rencounter ; onset. — v. t. [en- countered (-terd), -tering.] To come against face to face; esp., to meet in opposition or with hostile intent. — v. i. To meet, esp., as enemies. Encourage, en-kur'ej, v. t. [-aged (-ejd), -aging.] To give courage to, inspire with spirit or hope, em- bolden, incite, cheer, stimulate, comfort, promote, forward. — Encour'agement, n. Act of, etc.: incen- tive ; that which supports, promotes, or advances. — Encour'aging, a. Furnishing ground for hope; favoring. — Encour'agingly, adv. Encroach, en-kroch', v. i. [-croached (-krochf), -croaching.] To enter gradually into the rights and possessions of another, intrude, trench, in- fringe, trespass. — Encroach'ment, n. Act of, etc.; that taken by encroaching on another. Encumber, en-kum'ber, Incum'ber, v. t. [-bered (-berd), -Bering.] To impede the action of, as with a burden; to load with debts, mortgages, etc.; to clog, hinder. — Encum'brance, n. That which im- pedes action ; clog ; impediment ; that which en- cumbers an estate; debt; lien; burden; hindrance. Encyclical, en-sik'lik-al, a. Sent to many persons or places; circular. —Encyclopedia, -paedia, en-si'klo- pe'di-a, n. The circle of sciences; esp., a work in am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, terra ; Tn, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r ; END 127 ENJOY which the branches of science or art are discussed separately, and usually in alphabetical order. [Same as cyclopedia.) — Ency'clope'dian, a. Embracing the whole circle of learning. — Encyclopedic, -pedlcal, a. Pert, to an encyclopedia; universal in knowledge. —Ency'clope'dist, n. The compiler of an encyclopedia; one whose knowledge embraces the whole range of science. End, end, n. The extreme or last portion; concluding part; the conclusion; result ; termination of being or of happiness; destruction; cause of destruction or death; object aimed at; purpose; what is left; remnant. — v. i. To bring to an end or conclusion, finish, terminate; to destroy, put to death, — v. i. To come to the end, be finished, cease.— Endless, a. Without end or conclusion; perpetually recur- ring ; eternal ; interminable ; infinite ; incessant ; void of design. — End' wise, -wiz, adv. On end; erectly; with the end forward. Endanger, en-dan'jer, v. t. [-gered (-j§rd), -gering.] To put to hazard. Endear, en-der', v. t. [-deared (-derd'), -dearing.] To make dear, or dearer. — Endear'ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; that which, etc. Endeavor, en-dev'er, n. A putting forth of power for some end; an attempt; trial; effort; exertion. — v. i. [endeavored (-erd), -oring.] To exert power to accomplish an ooject; to attempt, try, essay, aim. — r. t. To attempt to gain. Endecagon. See Hendecagon. Endorse, Endorsement, etc. See Indorse, etc. Endow, en-dow', v. t. [-dowed (-dowd'), -dowing.] To make pecuniary provision for ; esp., to furnish with dower; to enrich with any gift, quality, or faculty. — Endow'ment, n. Act of settling a fund or provision for the support of anyone; property, fund, or revenue permanently appropriated to any object; gift of nature; talents; natural capacity. Endue. See Indue. Endure, en-dur', v. t. [-dured (-durd'), -during.] To remain firm under, sustain, brook, undergo; to bear with patience, bear up under. — ?;, i. To con- tinue in the same state without perishing, abide, last; to remain firm under trial, sustain suffering patiently. — Endur'able, a. — Endur'ance, n. A state of lasting or duration ; continuance ; act of bearing pain or distress without sinking; patience; . fortitude; resignation. Eneid, .ffineid, e-ne'id, n. An epic poem, by Virgil, in which ./Eneas is the hero. Enema, e-ne'- or en'e-ma, n. (Med.) An injection, or clyster, thrown into the lower bowel. Enemy, en'e-mT, n. One who is actuated by unfriend- ly feelings; one who hates ; adversary ; opponent ; f oe. — En'mity, -tT, n. Quality of being, etc.; hostil- ity; rancor; hatred; ill-will; malevolence. Energy, en'er-jT, n. Internal or inherent power; power efficiently exerted ; strength of expression ; emphasis; vigor: spirit. (Me.ch.) Capacity for per- forming work, or moving against resistance. — En- ergetic, -ical, -jetlk-al, a. Exerting force; active; exhibiting energy: operating with vigor and effect; powerful; efficacious; potent; effective. Enervate, e-ner'vat, a. Weakened; without force.— v. t. To deprive of nerve, force, strength, or cour- age; to enfeeble, debilitate; to cut the nerves of. Enfeeble, en-fe'bl, v. t. [-bled (-bid), -bling.] To render feeble, deprive of strength, weaken, debili- tate, enervate. — Enfee'blement, n. Enervation. Enfeoff, en-fef, v. t. [-feoffed (-left'), -feoffing.] (Liuv.) To give a feud to, invest with a fee. Enfold. See Infold. Enforce, en-fors', v. t. [-forced (-forsf), -forcing.] To put force upon, constrain, compel; to make or gain by force; to give force to, strengthen, urge with energy: to put in force, give effect to. Enfranchise, en-fran'chiz, v. t. [-ciiised (-chizd), -ciiising.] To set free, liberate, release; to make | free of a city, corporation, or state, naturalize. Engage, en-gaj', v. t. [-gaged (-gajd'), -gaging.] i To put under pledge, bind, involve; to gain for I service, enlist; to win and attach ; to occupy; to enter into contest with, encounter. — v. i. To be- i come bound; to embark, take apart, enlist; to enter into conflict. — Engaged', p. a. Pledged ; prom- 1 ised; esp., promised in marriage; betrothed; greatly interested ; earnest. — Engaged columns. (Arch.) Columns partly sunk into the wall to which they are attached. — E. wheels. (Mech.) Wheels in gear with each other, — the driver being the engaging wheel, the follower the engaged. — Engage'ment, n. Act of, or state of beins, etc.; thins engaged or pledged; that which engages; obligation; en- grossing occupation; avocation; employment ; promise. (Mil.) A general action or battle; com- bat ; fight. — Enga'ging, p. a. Winning ; attractive. — Enga'- gingly, adv. Engender, en-jen'der, v. t. [-dered (-derd), -dering.] To form in embryo, procreate ; to cause to exist, produce; to sow the seeds of, breed, beget, occasion, cause. — v. i. To be caused or pro- duced. Engine, en'jin, n. (Mech.) A ma- „ chine in which mechanical Engaged Columns, powers are combined ; any instrument by which any effect is produced ; esp. one designed to kill ; anything jused to effect a purpose ; means.— En- gineer', -er', n. One skilled in engineering ; one who manages an engine; one who carries through an enterprise by skillful or artful contrivance, — v. t. [engineered (-erd'), -eering.] To perform the work of an engineer; to guide or carry through a measure or enterprise. — Engineering, n. Science and art of utilizing natural forces and materials, — divided into military engineering (the designing and constructing defensive and offensive works) and civil engineering (the designing and construct- ing machinery and fixed public works, as roads, canals, etc.) English, in'glish, a. Pert, to England, its inhabitants, or their language, — n. The people of England; the language of the English nation and of their descen- dants in other countries: a peculiar impulse given to a ball in the game of billiards. (Print.) A kind of type, in size between pica and great primer. The type called English — English, v. t. [-lished (-glishf), -lishing.] To translate into English, Anglicize, interpret. (Bil- liards.) To strike (a ball) with the cue, so that the ball receives a rotary motion deflecting it from its natural course. Engrave, en-grav', v. t. [imp. -graved (-gravd'); p. p. -graved or -graven; -graving.] To carve fig- ures, letters, or devices upon; to form by incisions upon wood, stone, metal, etc.: to impress deepl}', infix. — Engrav'er, n. — Engraving, n. Actor art of cutting metals, wood, etc., and of representing figures and devices on them, esp. to be printed from them on paper; an engraved plate; impression from a plate; print. Engross, en-gros', v. t. [-grossed (-grosf), -gross- ing.] To copy in a large, fair hand; to occupy wholly, absorb; to take unduly, swallow up, fore- stall, monopolize. — Engross'ment, n. Act of, etc.; thing engrossed. Engulf. See Ingulf. Enhance, en-hans', v. t. [-hanced (-hansf), -han- ging.] To raise to a higher point, advance, augment, increase, aggravate. — v. i. To be raised up; to grow larger. Enigma, e-nig'ma, n. ; pi. -mas, -maz. An obscure ques- tion or saying; puzzle; riddle; a statement, whose hidden meaning is to be discovered; an action which cannot be satisfactorily explained. — Enigmatic, -ical, a. Pert, to, containing, or like, etc.; c-Dscure. Enjoin, en-join', v. t. [-joined (-joind'V -joining.] To put an injunction on, direct with authority, order. (Law.) To prohibit or restrain by a judicial order or decree. Enjoy, en-joi', v. t. [-joyed (-joid'), -joying.] To feel or perceive with pleasure; to have and use with satisfaction; to have sexual intercourse with. —En- sQn, cube, full ; moon, fotit ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. ENLARGE 128 ENUCLEATE joy'able, a.— Enjoy'ment, n. Condition of enjoying; pleasure; cause of joy; gratification; happiness. Enlarge, en-larj', v. t. [-larged (-larjd'), -largixg.] To make larger, increase the capacity of, dilate, as with joy, affection, etc., increase, expand. — v. i. To grow large or larger; to be diffuse in speaking or writing, expatiate. — Enlarge 'ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; expansion or extension, as of the mind; ennoblement; release from confinement, servitude, distress, etc.; diffusiveness of speech. Enlighten, en-lit'n, v. t. [-ened (-nd), -ening.] To supply with light, illuminate ; to make clear to the intellect or conscience, inform, instruct. — Enlight'- ener, n. — Enlightenment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. Enlist, en-list', v. t. To enter on a list, enroll, regis- ter; to engage in public service, unite firmly to a cause. — v. i- To engage in public service by en- rolling ona's name; to enter heartily into a cause. — Enlist'ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; the writing by which a soldier is bound. Enliven, en-lTv'n, v. t. [-exed (-nd), -ening.] To give life, action, or motion to; to give spirit or vi- vacity to, cheer, animate, inspirit, invigorate. Enmity. See under Enemy. Enneagon, en'ne-a-gon, n. (Geom.) A polygon of 9 sides and 9 angles. Ennoble, en-no'bl, v. t. [-bled (-bid), -blixg.J To make noble, dignify, give titular rank to. Ennui, ox-nwe', ». A feeling of weariness and disgust; listlessness; tedium; lassitude. Enormous, e-n6r'mus, a. Deviating from, or exceed- ing, the usual rule; great beyond the common meas- ure; huge; vast: prodigious; exceedingly wicked; atrocious. — Enor'mity, -mT-tT, n. State of being, or that which is, immoderate, monstrous, or outrage- ous; atrocious crime; flagitious villainy. Enough, e-nuf, a. Satisfying desire; adequate; suffi- cient. — adv. Sufficiently; fully; quite; in a toler- able degree. — n. A sufficiency; a quantity which satisfies desire.— Enow, -now''. A form of enough. Enquire. See Inquire. Enrage, en-raj', v. t. [-raged (-rajd'), -raging.] To fill with rage, provoke to madness, exasperate. Enrapture, en-rap'chur, ;-. t. [-tuked (-churd), -Tur- ing.] To transport 'with pleasure; to ravish. Enravish, en-rav'ish, r. t. [-ished (-isht), -ishixg.] To transport with delight, enchant. Enrich, en-rich', v. t. [-riched (-richf), -richixg.] To make rich, adorn; to fertilize; to store with knowledge, instruct. — Enricb/ment, n. Act of, or that which, etc.; decoration; embellishment. Enroll, en-r5l', v. t. [-rolled (-rold'), -rolling.] To write in a roll or register, record, enlist; to envelop, involve. — Enroll'ment. n. Act of enrolling; that in which anything is enrolled; a register. Ensample, en-sam'pl, n. An example. Ensconce, en-skons', v. t. [-sconced (-skonsf), -sconcing.] To cover or shelter, as with a sconce or fort; to protect, hide securely. Ensemble, ox-som'bl, a. The whole ; all the parts taken together. Enshrine, en-shrin', v. t. [-shrined (-shnnd'), -shrining.] To inclose in a shrine; to cherish. Ensign, en'sin, n. The banner distinguishing a com- pany of soldiers, army, or vessel; a badge, signal: a commissioned officer," who formerly carried the flag of a company or regiment. Ensilage, en's*T-lej, n. (Agric.) Process of preserving fodder crops in a green state, by depositing them in a silo. Enslave, en-slav', i». t. [-slaved jmg (-slavdO, -slaving.] To reduce to slavery or bondage. — Enslave'- ment, n. Ensnare. See Insnabe. Ensue, en-su', v. t. [-sued (-sud'), , ,,,1,.,,,,,,,,,..,,.,,,. - -suing.] To follow, pursue. - v. iliiMMMI i. To follow or come after. Ensure. See Insure. Entablature, en-tab 'la-chur, n. {Arch.) That part of an order which is over the columns, in- cluding the architrave, frieze, and cornice. Entablature. Entail, en-tal', n. That which is entailed. (Law.) Au estate or fee entailed, or limited in descent to par- ticular heirs; rule by which the descent is settled. — v.t. [entailed (tald'), -tailing.] To settle in- alienably on a person or thing, or on a person and his descendants. Entangle, en-tan'gl, v. t. [-gled (-gld), -gling.] To twist or interweave so as not to be easily separated ; to involve in complications, perplex, embarrass, puz- zle. — Entan'glement, n. State of being, etc. ; in- tricacy ; perplexity. Enter, en'ter, ?•. t. [-tered (-tSrd), -tebing.] To come or go into, penetrate; to unite in, join, engage in; to attain, reach, begin; to insert; to inscribe, re- cord. {Law.) To go into or upon lands, and take possession of them; to place in regular form before the court.— v. i. To go or come in; to begin; to pen- etrate ; to constitute a part. — En 'trance, -trans, h. Act of entering, also of taking possession (of prop- erty or office) ; permission or power to enter ; door or passage by which to enter ; act of beginning ; commencement ; the causing to be entered, as of a ship or goods at a custom-house, a name upon a register, etc. —Entree', ox-tra', n. Entry; per- mission or right to enter; a course of dishes at table; a side dish. — En'try, -trT, n. Act of entering ; en- trance ; making a record ; a passage ; vestibule. ( Com.) Exhibition of a ship's papers at the custom- house, to procure license to land goods. (Law.) The taking possession of lands or tenements by set- ting foot on them ; a formal putting upon record. Enterprise, en'ter-priz. n. That which is undertaken; a bold attempt; adventure; willingness to engage in labor which requires boldness, energy, etc. — v.t. To undertake, venture upon. Entertain, en-ter-tan', v. t. [-tained (-tand'), -taix- ix G.] To maintain, support; to show hospitality to, receive as host; to engage agreeably the attention of, divert ; to take into consideration; to cherish. — v. i. To receive guests. — Entertain'ing, a. Affording entertainment; amusing; diverting. — Entertain'- ment, n. Act of receiving as host, or of amusing, admitting, or cherishing; that which entertains, esp. a feast, banquet ; diversion ; pastime. Enthusiasm, en-thu'zT-azm, n. An ardent zeal in re- spect to some object, cause, or pursuit; fervor of soul; fanaticism.— Enthu'siast, n. One moved by enthusiasm; a visionary; fanatic; zealot. — Enthu'- siast'ic, -ical, a. Filled with, etc. Entice, en-tis', v. t. [-ticed (-tisf), -ticing.] To draw on, or instigate, by hope or desire; esp. to lead astray, tempt, decoy, seduce, inveigle, persuade. Entire, en-tlr', a. Complete in all parts; full and perfect; whole; not participated with others; full; comprising all requisites in itself; without mixture or alloy; without defect; complete; unbroken. (Bot.) Consisting of a single piece, as a corolla. Entitle, en-ti'tl, v. t. [-tled (-tld), -tlixg.] To give a title to, dignify by an honorary designation, de- nominate, call; to give a claim to, furnish grounds for seeking. Entity, en'tT-tY, n. A real being, whether in thought or in fact ; essence ; existence. Entomb, en-toom', v. t. [-tombed (-toomd'), -tomb- ixg.] To deposit in a tomb, bury, inter, inhume. Entomology, en-to-mol'o-jl, n. That part of zoology which treats of insects. Entrails, en'tralz, n. pi. The bowels; guts; viscera; in- ternal parts, as of the earth. Entrance, Entrcfe, Entry. See under Enter. Entrance, en-trans', v. t. [-tranced (-transt'), -tran- cing.] To put into a trance, make insensible to present objects; to ravish with delight or wonder. Entrap, en-trap', v. t. [-trapped (-trapf), -trap- ping.] To catch as in a trap, insnare. Entreat, en-tret', v. t. To treat, deal with, use or manage; to treat with, ask earnestly, importune, be- seech, beg, implore.— Entreat'y, -Y, n. Act of, etc.; solicitation ; suit ; petition. Entrust. See Intrust. Entwine, en-twm', v . t. [-twined (-twind'), -twin- ing.] To twine, twist together. Entwist, en-twist', v. t. To twist or wreathe around. Enucleate, e-nu'kle-at, v. t. To bring out, as a kernel from enveloping husks ; to make manifest. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 2nd, eve, t5rm ; in, ice ; 8dd, tone, 6r ; ENUMERATE 129 EQUAL Enumerate, e-nu'mer-at, v. t. To count, number, compute; to recount, recapitulate. — Enu / mera / 'tion, re. Act of, etc. ; a detailed account, in which each thing is specially noticed. Enunciate, e-nun'shf-at, v. t. To announce, pro- claim, declare ; to make distinctly audible, pro- nounce.— v. i. To utter words or syllables.— Enun'- cia'tion, n. Act of, etc. ; mode of pronunciation, esp. as regards distinctness of articulation ; thing enunciated or announced; declaration. — Enun'cia- tive, -tiv, -tory, -to-rT, a. Pert, to enunciation or ut- terance. Enveigle. See Inveigle. Envelop, en-veKup, v. t. [-oped (-upt), -oping.] To surround as a covering ; to wrap up, inclose within a case, wrapper, etc. — Envelope, en'vel-op or on- vel-op /r , Envel'op, -up, re. That which envelops ; a wrapper; esp. wrapper of a letter. Enviable, Envious, etc. See under Envy. Environ, en-vi'run, v. t. [-roned (-rund), -roning.] To surround, encompass, encircle ; to involve, en- velop. — Environment, n. Act of, state of being, or that which, etc. — Environs, en-vi'- or en'vT- runz, n. pi. Places surrounding another place, or in its neighborhood. Envoy, en'voi, n. One dispatched upon an errand ; esp. one deputed to negotiate a treaty, or transact business, with a foreign government, — disting.fr. an ambassador or permanent resident at a foreign court. Envy, en'vY, v. t. [-vied (-vid), -vying.] To regard with discontent and malevolent longing ; to be filled with emulation at sight of ; to desire strongly, covet. — v. i. To be filled with envious feelings. — n. Pain, mortification, or discontent, excited by another's superiority; an object of envious feeling. — En'viable, a. — En'vious, -us, a. Feeling, exhib- iting, or directed by, envy. — En'viousiy, adv. Enwrap. See Inwrap. Epaulet, -lette, ep'aw-let', re. (Mil.) A badge worn on the shoulder by military and naval officers. Epergne, a-parii', n. An ornamental stand in the cen- ter of a table. Ephemera, e-fem'e-ra, re. (Med.) A fever of one day's continuance only. (Entom.) The day-fly, or May-fly; strictly, a fly that lives one day only, ap- plied also to short-lived insects. — Ephem'eral, n. Anything which lasts but a day or a very short time. — Ephem'eral, -eric, -erous, -rus, a. Beginning and ending in a day; diurnal ; existing for a short time only. — Ephem^eris, n. ; pi. Ephemerides, -mer / 'T- dez. A journal; diary. (Astron.) An astronomical almanac; a tabular statement of the assigned places of a planet, comet, etc., on successive days. Epic, ep'ik, a. Containing narration ; relating great events. — re. An epic or heroic poem. Epicure, ep'T-kur, n. A follower of Epicurus, a Greek philosopher who assumed pleasure to be the ' fments ; -an or Epicurus or his philosophy; given to luxury; luxurious. — n. A follower of, etc.; one given to luxuries of the table. Epicycle, ep'T-si'kl, n. (Ptolemaic Astron.) A circle, whose center moves round in the circumference of a greater circle. — Epicy'cloid, -kloid, s-k, re. (Geom.) A curve generated i^/i by a point in the circumfer- f ^// ence of a movable circle, which rolls on the inside or outside of the circumference of a fixed circle, as by the point a or a' in the circle A or A'. Epidemic, ep-T-dem'ik, -ical, a. Common to, or affecting, a whole people or community ; generally prevailing. — Epidemic, n. (Med.) A disease which, arising from a wide-spread cause, af- fects many persons at once. Epidermis, ep-r-der'mis, re. (Anat.) The cuticle or scarf-skin of the body ; outer layer of the skin of animals. (Bot.) External layer of the bark of a plant. Epiglottis, ep-Y-gloftis, re. (Anat.) A valve of car- ureeK pniiosopner wno assumea pleasure to t highest good ; one addicted to sensual enjoym* a voluptuary ; sensualist. — Epicurean, -ku're-i -ku-re'an, a. Pert, to Epicurus or his philosc Epicycloid. tilage at the base of the tongue, which closes the glottis and excludes food or drink from the larynx while eating. Epigram, ep'T-gram, re. A short poem on one sub- ject, ending with a witty thought. Epilepsy, ep'Y-lep'sY, n. (Med.) The falling sickness; a disease characterized by convulsions, stupor, and foaming at the mouth. — Epileptic, a. Pert, to, af- fected with, or consisting of, epilepsy. Epilogue, ep'Y-iog, n. A speech or short poem ad- dressed to the spectators by one of the actors, after a play. (Rhet.) Closing part of a discourse. Epiphany, e-pif'a-nY, re. An appearance, or becom- ing manifest. (Eccl. ) A festival, celebrated Jan. 6th, to commemorate the appearance of our Savior to the wise men of the East. Episcopal, e-pis'ko-pal, a. Governed by bishops; pert. to, or vested in, bishops or prelates ; pert, to the church of England, or the Prot. Episc. church of U. S. — Episcopalian, -lT-an, a. Pert, to episcopacy or to the Episc. church; episcopal.— re. One who adheres to, etc.; a churchman. — Epis'copalianiBm, -izm, n. Episcopacy.— Epis'copally, adv.— Epis'copate, -pat, re. A bishopric; office and dignity oi a bishop; collec- tive body of bishops. — Epis'copacy, -si, n. Gov- ernment of the church by bishops, or by 3 orders of ministers — bishops, priests, and deacons. Episode, ep'T-sod, re. (Rhet.) An incidental narra- tive, or digression, arising from the main subject. Epistle, e-pis'l, n. A writing sent to a person; letter. — Epis'tolary, -to-la-rY, a. Pert, or suitable to, or contained in, letters. Epitaph, ep'l-taf , re. An inscription on a monument, in memory of the dead. Epithet, ep'Y-thet, n. An adjective expressing some quality, attribute, or relation of a person or thing ; title; appellation. Epitome, e-pifo-me, n. ; pi. -mes, -mez. A brief sum- mary ; abridgment ; compendium ; synopsis. Epizoon, ep-Y-zo'on, re. ,• pi. -zoa, -zo'a. (Zobl.) One of a class of parasitic insects or worms living upon lice, acari, etc.; an animal infesting the surface of the body of another — as lice, fleas, etc. — Epizootic, -zo-ot'ik, a. Parasitic on animals ; pert, to, or af- fected by, diseases prevalent among animals — Cor- resp. to epidemic diseases among men. — Epizo'd'ty, -o-tT, re. A murrain among horses, cattle, etc. Epoch, ep'ok, n. A fixed point of time, from which dates are reckoned ; a remarkable period of time; era ; age. Epsom Salt, ep'sum-sawlt. (Med.) Sulphate of mag- nesia having cathartic qualities, — orig. prepared fr. mineral waters at Epsom, England. Equal, e'kwal, a. Having the same magnitude, di- mensions, value, degree, etc. ; having competent power or means; fit; not variable; equable; not un- duly inclining to either side; uniform; fair; just; equitable. — re. One not inferior or superior to an- other. — v. t. [equaled (-kwald), equaling.] To be or become equal to, or commensurate with ; to recompense fully ; to make equal or equal to, equalize, regard as equals. — E'qually, -IT, adv.— Equality, -kwoKl-tT, re. Condition or quality of being equal. (Math.) Exact agreement between ex- pressions or magnitudes with respect to quantity. — Equa'tion, n. A making equal; equal division. (Math.) An expression of the condition of equality between two algebraic quantities, the sign= being placed between them. (Astm?i.) Difference between the true and the mean place or other element of a celestial body. — Equation of payments. (Arith.) Pro- cess of finding the mean time of payment of sums due at different times. — E. of time. (Astron.) Dif- ference between mean and apparent time. — Per- sonal e. (Astron.) Difference between an observed result and the true, depending on personal qualities in the observer. — Equa'tor, -ter, n. (Geog.) A great circle on the earth's surface, everywhere equally distant from the 2 poles, and dividing the earth's surface into 2 hemispheres. (Astron.) A great cir- cle of the celestial sphere, coincident with the plane of the earth's equator. — Eq'uity, ek'wT-tl, re. The giving, or desiring to give, to each man his due, — disting. fr. justice in requiring a higher standard than enactment or custom. (Law.) An equitable stta, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. 9 EQUESTRIAN 130 ESCUTCHEON claim ; a system of jurisprudence, whose object is to supply deficiencies of courts of law. Impartial- ity ; rectitude ; honesty ; uprightness. — Eq'uitable, a. Possessing or exhibiting equity ; giving, or dis- posed to give, each his due; pert, to the tribunal or rule of equity ; fair ; reasonable ; right : candid.— E'quanim'ity, -tT. n. Evennessof mind; composure; calmness.— Equiangular, e-kwY-an'gu-ler, a. Con- sisting of, or having equal angles.— Equilaferal. a. Having all the sides equal. — Equilibrium, -rT-um, n. ; L. pi. -RIA, -ri-a; E. pi. -RHJMS, -umz. Equali tv of weight or force : a just / balance in respect to an object, so / that it remains firm; equal balancin of the min " sons.— E'quinox. n. The precise time (Her.) One of the furs used in blazonry, represented bv spots shaped as in the cut. ^ '. Erode, e-rod'', r. t. To eat into or away ; to corrode.— Ero'sion, -zhiin, n. Act or operation of, or state of being, etc.; corrosions canker. Err, er, v. i. [erred ferd), erring (er'ring).] To wander from the right way ; to mistake in judgment or opinion ; to fail morally. —Er- ratic, -ical, a. Roving about with- out a fixed destination ; eccentric tionti w A J. Ermine. not fixed or sta- transported from the original resting place. a " Triangle when the sun enters one of the equinoctial points. — Autumnal equinox. Time when the sun enters the 1st point of Libra, being about Sept. 23d. — Vernal e. Time when the sun enters the 1st point of Aries, be- ing about March 21st. — E'quipoise, -poiz, n. Equal- itv of weight or force, equilibrium ; a state in which the 2 ends or sides of a thing are balanced: equality. — Equivalent, a. Equal in value, force, power, effect, import, etc. (Geont.) Equal in dimensions, but not superposable. (Geo!.) Contemporaneous in origin. — n. That which is equal in value, weight, dignity, or force.— Equiv'ocal. a. Having different significa- tions equally appropriate or plausible ; ambiguous ; uncertain ; 'capable of being ascribed to different motives: uncertain as to its cause oreffect. — Equiv'- ocate, -kat, r. i. To use words of equivocal or doubt- ful signirication with a view to mislead ; to prevari- cate, evade, shuffle. Equestrian, e-kwes'trT-an, a. Pert, to horses, their management, and the art of riding; riding on horse- back ; performed bv one on horseback. — n. A horseman ; rider. — E'quine, -kwin, Equi'nal, a. Pert, to, or like, a horse. Equip, e-kwip', v. t. [equipped (-kwipf), -ping.] To supply with what is necessary to efficient action, — said esp. of ships or troops ; to decorate. — Eq'ui- page, -pej, n. lurniture ; esp. furniture and sup- plies of a vessel, or of an army, body of troops, or single soldier ; equipment ; aecouterments ; habili- ments : attendance ; retinue.— Equip'ment, n. Act of, state of being, or thing used in, etc. Era, e'ra, n. ; pi. Eras, -raz. A fixed point of time, from which a series of years is reckoned; a succes- sion of years proceeding from a fixed point, or com- prehended between fixed points ; epoch ; age. Eradicate, e-rad'T-kat, v. t. To pull up by the roots, extirpate, root out ; to put an end to, exterminate, destroy. Erase, e-ras', v. t. [erased (-rasf), erasing.] To rub or scrape out, efface; to obliterate, as ideas in the mind or memory. Ere, ar, adv. Before; sooner than. —prep. Before in respect to time. — Ere-long', adv. Soon; before long. — Ere-now r , adv. Before this time. — Ere-while', -whiles - ', -hwilz / ', adv. Sometime ago; a little while before. — Erst, erst. adv. First ; at first ; in early times ; once ; formerly. Erect, e-rekf, a. Upright, or in a perpendicular pos- ture; raised; uplifted; firmly established; bold. — v. t. To set upright, lift up, raise; to raise (a build- ing) ; to give loftiness or high tone to, exalt ; to cheer; to set up (an assertion or consequence from premises, etc.); to establish anew, construct, build, institute, found. Ergo, er'go, adv. Therefore; consequently. [L.] Ergot, e^got, n. An elongated, black, poisonous form of the kernel of rye and other grasses, caused by a fungus, — used to cause contraction of the uterus; spur; smut. (Ear.) A protuberance behind and be- low the pastern-joint. Ermine, 5r'niin, n. An animal allied to the weasel, inhabiting northern Europe and America, and having the fur white in winter, but the tip of the tail intensely black through- out the vear; the fur of the ermine; ^ . „ the dignity of judges, whose state Ermine, robes, lined with ermine, are emblematic of purity -Erra'tum, n.; pi. -tj printing. — Erro'neous, right course: not conformed to truth or justice; con- taining error ; liable to mislead ; irregular ; false ; mistaken. Errand, er'rand, n. Something to be said or done by a messenger ; message ; commission; one's purpose in going. Erst. See under Ere. Eruct, e-rukf, Eruc'tate, -tat, v. t. To eject, as wind, from the stomach: to belch.— Eructa'tion, n. Act of belching; a bursting forth, as of wind or other mat- ter from the earth. j Erudite, er'u-dit, a. Characterized by extensive knowledge ; learned. — Erudition, -dish'un, n. State of being, etc. ; literature ; learning. Eruption, e-rup'shun, n. Act of bursting forth, as from inclosure or confinement: that which bursts forth suddenly or violently. (Med.) The breaking out of a cutaneous disease ; the disease itself. — Erup'tive, -tiv, a. Breaking forth ; attended with, or producing eruption. (Geol.) Produced by, etc. Erysipelas, Sr-Y-sip'e-las, n. (Med.) St. Anthony's \ fire; an acute inflammatory disease of the skin and ! subjacent tissues. Escalade, es-ka-lad', n. (Mil.) An attack in which ladders are used to mount a rampart. — v. t. To j scale; to mount and enter. j Escalop, es-skoKup, n. (Conch.) A bivalve shell, with one straight side, the face usually marked with ribs. j A curvingjndenture in the margin of anything. j Escape, es-kap', v. t. [-caped (-kaptO, -caping.] To flee from and avoid, shun; to avoid the notice of, I evade." — v. i. To hasten away, avoid danger or in- I jury; to be passed without ha'rm. — n. Act of flee- ! ing from danger, evading harm, or avoiding notice; i deliverance from injury or restraint. — Escape'ment, i n. Act of escaping; the" contrivance in a time-piece which connects the wheel- work with the pendulum or the balance, keeping the latter in vibration, — so called because a tooth escapes from a pallet at each vibration. Escarp, es-karp', n. (Eort.) Anything high and precipitous, as the side of the ditch next the parapet. — r. t. [es- carped (-karpf), -carping.] (Mil.) To make into, or furnish with, a steep slope. — Escarp'ment, n. A steep de- Escape- clivity. _ ment. Escheat, es-chet', n. ( Feud. & Eng. Law.) Reverting of lands to the lord of the fee, through extinction of the blood of the tenant. ( TJ. S- Law.) Falling or reverting of real property to the State, as orig. and ultimate proprietor, by failure of legal owners ; a writ to recover escheats from the person in posses- sion. Lands which fall to the lord or state by es- cheat; what falls to one; a reversion. — v. i. (Law.) To revert, return, or become forfeited to the lord, the crown, or the state. Eschew, es-chob', v. t. [-chewed (-chood'), -chew- ing.] To flee from, shun, seek to avoid. Escort, es'k&rt, n. An attendant to afford safety, re- spect, honor, or attention: a guard; protection on a journey or excursion. — Escort'', v. t. To attend in order to protect; accompany as safeguard. Escritoire, es-kri-tw6r / ', n. A writing-desk. Esculent, es'ku-lent, a. Suitable to be used for food; edible. — n. Anything eatable. Escutcheon, es-kuch'un, n. (Her.) The shield; the am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare; Snd, eve, tgrm ; Tn, Ice ; 5dd, tone, or; ESKIMO 131 EUCHRE field or ground on which a coat of v Escutcheon. arms is represented ; shield of family. [The 2 sides of an escutch- eon are designated as dexter and sinister, and the different parts by the following names: A, dexter chief point; B, middle chief point: C, sinister chief point; D, honor or collar point; E, fesse or heart point; F, nombril or navel point; G, dex- ter base point; H, middle base point; I, sinister base point.] (Naut.) Part of a vessel's stern on which her name is written. (Carp.) A plate finishing a key-hole. Eskimo. See Esquimau. Esophagus, e-sofa-gus, n. (Anat.) Passage through which food and drink pass to the stomach; gullet. Especial, es-pesh'al, a. Distinguished among others of the same kind ; peculiar ; particular ; principal. Espial, Espionage. See under Espy. Esplanade, es-pla-nad'', n. (Fort.) The sloping of the parapet of the covered way toward the country; clear space between a citadel and the town. (Hort.) A grass-plat. Any clear space for public drives. Espouse, es-powz', v. t. [-poused (-powzd'), -hous- ing.] To give as spouse, affiance, unite by promise of marriage or by marriage ceremony; to take as spouse, accept in marriage, wed ; to take up the cause of, adopt, embrace. Espy, es-pi', v. t. [-pied (-pid'), -pying.] To catch sight of, discern unexpectedly; to inspect narrowly, examine and keep watch upon, find out, descry, spy. — v. i. To look narrowly, look about. — Espi'al, n. Act of, etc.— Espionage, es'pe-on-azh or -ej, n. Prac- tice or employment of spies. Esquimau, Eskimo, es r ki-mo, n. ;pl. -maux, -moz. An Indian of tribes inhabiting arctic America and Greenland. Esquire, es-kwir', n. Orig., a shield-bearer or armor- bearer, an attendant on a knight, now, prop., a title of dignity next below a knight, and given in Eng. to younger sons of noblemen, to officers of the king's courts and of the household, to counselors at law, Justices of the peace, sheriffs, and other gentlemen: in the U. S., the title is indiscriminately used in ad- dressing letters, — v. t. [esquired (-kwird'), -quir- ing.] To wait on, attend. Essay, es-sa', v. t. [-sayed (-sad'), -saying.] To try, attempt; to make experiment or trial of; to assay. — Es'say, n. A trial; attempt; endeavor; exertion. (Lit.) A composition shorter and less methodical than a formal treatise. Essence, es'sens, n. Formal or formative nature of a complex notion; constituent qualities of a thing; materials common to a class as disting. fr. the form of an individual or species; a purely spiritual being; the solution in spirits of wine of a volatile or essen- tial oil; perfume; odor; scent. — v. t. [essenced (-senst), -sencing.] To scent. — Essential, -shal, a. Pert, to the essence; really existing; important in the highest degree; highly rectified; pure; un- mixed. (Mus.) Necessary; indispensable, — said of • tones constituting a chord, disting. fr. ornamental or accidental tones. (Med.) Idiopathic; independ- ent of other disease. — n. Constituent principle. Establish, es-tab'lish, v. t. [-lished (-lisht), -lishing.] To make stable or firm; to settle; to enact by au- thority, ordain; to secure the reception of , uphold ; to found, institute, — as a colony, state, etc.; to set up in business.— Establishment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; thing established, as, a form of gov- ernment; a permanent civil, military, or commer- cial organization ; a style of living ; accustomed expense ; income ; salary ; permanent place of resi- dence or business. Estate, es-taf, n. Fixed condition of any thing or person; rank; state; position; property; esp. prop- erty in land; also, property of all kinds which one leaves to be divided at his death; one of the ranks or classes of men constituting the state. (Law.) The interest which one has in lands or other effects. Esteem, es-tem / ', v. t. [-teemed (-temd /r ), -teeming.] To set a value on, estimate, set a high value on, re- gard with respect or affection.— n. High value; great regard. — Estimable, -tt-ma-bl, a. Capable or worthy of, etc. — Estimate, -mat, v. t. To form an opinion of the value of, without actually measur- ing or weighing ; to compute, appraise, rate, calcu- late. — n. An approximate judgment as to amount, cost, etc. — Estimation, n. Act of estimating ; opinion of the worth, etc., formed without using precise data ; favorable opinion ; esteem ; honor ; re- gard. Esthetics. See under Esthetic. Estop, es-top', v. t. [-topped (-topf), -ping.] (Laic.) To impede or bar, stop the progress of. — Estop'pel, n. A conclusive admission, not to be controverted. Estrange, es-trani', v. t. [-tranged (-tranjdO, -tran- ging.] To make strange, keep at a distance; to di- vert from its original use or possessor, alienate; to alienate the affections or confidence of. Estray, es-tra', n. (Law.) A domestic animal, wan- dering from its owner. Estuary, est'u-a-rT, n. A narrow passage, as the mouth of a river, where the tide meets the current; an arm of the sea; frith. Etcetera, -caetera, et-sefe-ra, contr. etc. and &c. Lit. and other (things); and so on, — used at the end of a sentence, phrase, etc., to indicate that other things are to be understood, or might be mentioned. [L.] Etch, ech, v. t. [etched (echt), etching.] To pro- duce (figures or designs) on metal, glass, etc., by lines eaten in by acid. — v. i. To practice etching. Eternal, e-ter'nal, a. "Without beginning or end of existence; always existing; everlasting; endless; im- mortal; continued without intermission; perpetual; ceaseless; immutable, —n. That which is without beginning or end; esp. the Deity; God. — Eter'nity, -nl-tt, m. Condition or quality of being, etc.; the condition which begins at death. Ether, ether, n. (Physics.) A subtle fluid supposed to pervade all space, and to be the medium of trans- mitting light and heat. (Chem.) A very light, vol- atile, and inflammable fluid, produced by distilla- tion of alcohol with an acid.— Sulphuric ether. The druggist's common ether, produced by distillation of alcohol and sulphuric acid, — the most valuable of anaesthetics.— Ethe'real, -re-al, a. Pert, to the ether, or to regions beyond the earth or atmosphere; ce- lestial; consistingof ether; exceedingly light or airy; tenuous. (Chem.) Of, or pert, to, ether. — Ethe v - realize, v. t. [-ized (-Izd). -izing.] To convert into, or saturate with, ether; to render ethereal.— Ether- ize, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -izing.] To convert into, or put under the influence of, ether. — E'therization, n. (Med.) Administration of ether by inhalation; state of the system under its influence. Ethic, -ical, eth'ik-al, a. Pert, to manners or morals; treating of moral feelings or duties: containing pre- cepts of morality. — Etb/ics, n. Science of human duty ; body of" rules drawn from this science. — EthoKogy, -jT, n. Science of ethics, also of character, and of customs among different communities or in different stages of civilization. Ethiop, e'thY-op, -opian, -o'pt-an, n. A native or in- habitant of Ethiopia ; an African. — Ethio'pian, -op'ic, a. Pert, or relating to, etc. — n. The lan- guage of Ethiopia. Ethnic, eth'nik, -nical, a. Pert, to races ; based on distinctions of race; heathen: pagan, — opp. to Jew- ish and Christian. — Ethnography, -fl, n. Descrip- tion of races of men, with their characteristics, man- ners, etc. — EthnoKogy, -jT, n. Science of the divis- ion of man into races, their origin, relations, and differences. Ethology, etc. See under Ethic. Etiology, e-tT-oKo-jT, n. (Med.) Science of the causes of disease. (Metaph.) Investigation of causes. Etiquette, et-T-ket', n. Observance of the proprieties of rank and occasion; conventional decorum. Etymon, eft-mon, n. ; E. pi. -mons, -monz, Gr. pi. -MA, -mi. An original form; primitive word; root. — EtymoFogy, -jT, n. That part of philology which explains the origin and derivation of words; that part of grammar relating to changes in the forms of words.— Et'ymolog'ical, -loj'ik-al, a. Pert, to ety- mology.— Etymologist, -list, n. One versed in, etc. Eucharist, u'ka-rist, n. (Eccl.) The sacrament of the Lord's supper; communion. Euchre, u'ker, n. A game at cards. — v. t. To defeat sun, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. EUDIOMETER 132 EVOLVE one who has made the trump in playing euchre; to defeat, outwit, foil. Eudiometer, u-dT-om'e-ter, n. An instrument to as- certain the purity of the air, or its quantity of oxygen. — Eudiom'etry, -trl, n. Art or practice of, etc. Eulogium, u-lo'jT-um, Eulogy, -ji, n. A ^ speech or writing in commendation of «» ■> anyone's character or services; enco- mium ; panegyric. — Eulogize, v. t. [-gized C-jizd), -gizing.] To speak or write in commendation of ; to praise. — Eulogist, n. One who, etc. — Eulo- gistic, a. Pert, to, given to, or char- acterized by, etc.; laudatory. Eunuch, u'nuk, n. A castrated man, often emploved as a chamberlain in the East. Eupatorium, u'pa-to'rY-um, n. A genus of plants, including hemp, agrimony, boneset, thoroushwort or Indian sage, „ eiC- Eudiometer. Euphemism, ule-mizm, n. A delicate word or ex- pression used for one harsh or indelicate. — Eu- phemistic, -tical, a. Pert, to, or containing, etc. Euphony, u'fo-nT, n. An agreeable sound, easy, • smooth enunciation of sounds. — Euphonic, -ical, -fon'ik-al, Eupho'nious, -fo'ni-us, a. Agreeable in sound. — Eu'phonism, -fo-nizm, n. An agreeable sound or combination of sounds ; euphony. — Eu- phonlcon, n. A kind of pianoforte. — Euptio'nium, -nl-um, n. A bass instrument of the sax-horn family. Euphuism, u'fu-izm, n. (Ehet.) Affectation of ex- cessive elegance and refinement of language. Eurasian, u-ra'shan, n. A child of one European and one Asiatic parent; one born in Asia of European parentage. European^ u-ro-pe'an, a. Pert, to Europe or its in- habitants. — ??. A native or inhabitant of, etc. Eustachian, u-sta'ki-an, a. (Anat.) Discovered by Eustachius, an Italian physician. — E- tube. (Anat.) A slender air-passage from a cavity in the ear to the back part of the mouth. — E. valve. (Anat.) A semilunar, membranous valve in the heart. Evacuate, e-vak'u-at, v. t. To make empty; to re- move, eject, void, discharge; to withdraw from or desert (a city, fort, etc.); to make void, nullify, va- cate.— Evac'ualion, n. Act of, etc. ; thing evacuated or discharged: esp. a discharge by stool or other nat- ural means. — Evac'ua'tive, -tiv, a. Serving or tending to evacuate; cathartic; purgative. Evade, e-vad', v. t. To get away from* by artifice, elude, escape. — v. i. To escape, slip away, attempt to escape.— Eva'sion, -zhun, n. Act of, etc.; esp. of eluding an accusation, interrogation, etc.; shift; subterfuge ; prevarication ; equivocation. — Eva'- sive, -siv, a. Tending to evade; marked by evasion. — Eva'sively, adv. Evanescent, ev-a-nes'sent, a. Vanishing ; fleeting ; imperceptible. — E vanes 'cenee, -sens, n. Act, state, or quality of. etc. Evangel, e-van'jel, n. Good news ; the gospel. — Evangelic, -ical, a. Contained in, or pert, to, the 4 Gospels ; pert, to, consonant with, or contained in, the gospel; earnest for the truth taught in the gospel; technically applied to a party in some Prot- estant churches. — Evangelically, adv. — Evan- gellcism, -Y-sizm, 7i. Evangelical principles. — Evangelist, n. One of the writers of the gospel his- tory; one authorized to preach, but not to adminis- ter the eucharist: a preacher without fixed charge; a revivalist.— Evan'gelize, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -iz- ing.] To preach the gospel to, convert to a belief of the gospel. — v. i. To preach the gospel. Evaporate, e-vap'o-rat, v. i. To pass off in vapor, as a fluid; to be dissipated, be wasted. — v. t. To dis- sipate in vapor or fumes. — a. Dispersed in vapors. — Evap'ora'tion, ?i. Act or process of turning into, or passing off in, vapor; transformation of part of a fluid into vapor, to concentrate fixed matters con- tained in it in a state of greater consistence. Evasion, Evasive, etc. See under Evade. Eve, ev, Even, e'vn, n. Latter part or close of the day; evening; the evening preceding some particu- lar day, as Christmas eve is the evening before Christmas ; period just preceding some event. — E'vening, n. Latter part of the day and begin- ning of night or darkness; latter portion or declin- ing period (of life, etc.). Even, elm, a. Level, smooth, or equal in surface; not rough; uniform in motion or action; equable; not easily disturbed: parallel : on a level: equally balanced ; adjusted ; fair : equitable, — said of ac- counts, bargains, etc.; not odd; capable of division by 2. — said of numbers. — v. t. [evened (e'vnd), evening.] To make even or level; to balance; to balance accounts, —adv. In an equal or precisely similar manner; equally; at the very time; so much as; as was not to De expected.— E'venly, adv.— E'venness. n. Evening. See under Eve. Event, e-venf, n. That which falls out; any inci- dent ; consequence of anything ; occurrence ; ad- venture ; issue ; result ; end. — Event'ful, -ful, a. Full of, or distinguished for, etc. — Event'ual.'-u-al, a. Happening as a consequence or result : conse- quential ; terminating ; ultimate. — Event'ually, adv. — Eventuality, -i-tl, n. (Phren.) Disposition to take cognizance of events. See Phrenology. — Evenfuate, ?■. i. To issue, as a consequence or event, terminate. Ever, ev'er, adv. At any time; at all times; always; continually : without cessation or interruption ; to the end. [Contr. E'er, ar.] — Everglade, n. Lowland covered with shallow water and a growth of high grass. — green, a. Always green; verdant through- out the year. — n. A plant which, etc. — lasting, a. Lasting or enduring forever; immortal; eternal; continuing indefinitely. — n. Eternal duration, past and future; eternal; a woolen material for shoes, etc. (Bot.) A plant, whose flowers dry without los- ing their form or color. A game at cards. — last'- ingly, adv. Perpetually; continually. — living, a. Living without end; eternal; continual; incessant. — more'', adv. During eternity; always; for an indefinite future period. — Ev'ery, -l, a. The sep- arate individuals which constitute a whole, regard- ed one by one.— Ev'ery-day, a. Used or fit for every day ; common ; usual ; customary. — where, adv. In every place; in all places. I Evict, Eviction. See under Evince. Evident, ev't-dent, a. Clear to the vision; esp. clear I to the understanding; obvious; notorious. — Evi- dence, -dens, n. That which makes manifest; ground of belief ; conclusive testimony ; one who makes evident; a witness. (Law.) Cleans of proof . — v. t. [-denced (-denst), -dencing.] To render evident or clear; to prove, evince. Evil, e'vl, a. Having bad natural or moral qualities; ;, inducing sorrow, distress, injury, or calamity ; mischievous; wicked; bad. — n. That which pro- duces unhappiness or suffering ; moral badness : malady or disease, esp. in the phrase king's evil, the scrofula. — adv. In an evil manner; ill. Evince, e-vins', v. t. [evinced (-vinsf), evincing.] Lit., to conquer completely; to prove beyond rea- sonable doubt, make evident. —Evincible, a. Ca- pable of being proved; demonstrable. — Evin'cive, -siv, a. Tending to, etc.— Evict',!', t. (Law.) To dis- possess by legal process. — Evidion, n. Act of, etc. Eviscerate, e-vis'ser-at, v. t. To take out the entrails of, disembowel, gut. Evitable, ev'i-ta-bl, a. Capable of being shunned. Evoke, e-vok', v. t. Tevoked (-vokf), evoking.] To call out, summon forth. Evolve, e-volv', v. i. [evolved (-volvd'), evolving.!, To unfold or unroll, develop; to throw out, emit. — v. i. To become open, disclosed, or GeveloDed.— Evolute, ev'o-hlt, n. ( Geom.) A curve from which another curve, called the invo- lute or evolvent, is described by the end of a thread gradually wound upon the former, or un- wound from it. — Evolu'tion, n. Act of unfolding or unrol- ling; in the process of growth, development; a series of things unrolled or unfolded. (Geom.) Formation of an involute bv un- ABC, Evolute. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, tSrm ; In, ice ; 8dd, tone, 6r ; EWE 133 EXCLUDE winding a thread from another curve as an evolute. (Arith. & Alg.) Extraction of roots. {Mil. & Naval.) A prescribed movement of a body of troops, vessel, or fleet. (Physiol.) That theory of generation in which the germ is held to preexist in the parent, and its Darts to be developed, but not actually formed, by the procreative acts. (Biology.) History of the steps by which any living being has acquired its distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics. (Jiletaph.) Series of changes under natural law, involving continuous progress from the homogeneous to the heterogeneous in structure, and from "the single and simple to the diverse and mani- fold in quality or function. — Evolutionary, -it, a. Pert, to evolution. — Evolu'tionist, n. One skilled in evolutions; one who holds the physiological or metaphysical doctrine of, etc. Ewe, u, n. A female sheep. Ewer, u'er, n. A pitcher with a wide spout. Exact, egz-akf, a. Precisely agreeing with a stand- ard, a fact, or the truth ; accurate ; methodical ; punctual ; marked by nicety or care ; proceeding from, or characterized by, exactness; correct; pre- cise ; nice ; methodical. — v. t. To demand or re- quire authoritatively or of right; to extort. — Exac'- tion, n. Authoritative demand; a driving to com- pliance; extortion; thing exacted; tribute.— Exact- itude 7 , -tud', n. Exactness. Exaggerate, egz-aj'Sr-at, v. t. To increase or amplify; to heighten, esp. to represent as greater than truth or justice will warrant. (Paint.) To heighten in coloring or design. — Exaggeration, n. Eepresen- tation beyond truth; hyperbole. (Paint.) A repre- sentation of things beyond natural life, in expres- sion, vigor, etc. — Exaggeratory, -to-rf, -tive, -tiv, a. Containing, or tending to, etc. Exalt, egz-awlt', v. t. To elevate, lift up; to elevate in rank, dignity, power, etc.; magnify, extol; to lift up with joy or success, elate; to elevate the tone of, utter. (Chem.) To render pure or refined.— Exal- talion, ii. Act of, or state of being, etc. Examine, egz-amln, v. t. [-ined (-ind), -ining.] To try and assay by appropriate tests; to inquire into and determine; to investigate the fact, reasons, or claims of ; to consider the arguments for, or the merits of; to try, as an offender; to test the attain- ments of, as a scholar; to question, as a witness; to prove by a moral standard, discuss, scrutinize, ex- plore. — Exam'inalion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; careful search, investigation, or inquiry; pro- cess for testing qualification. Example, egz-am'pl, n. A portion taken to show the character of the whole; a sample; a pattern or copy; a warning ; caution; precedent; an instance illus- trating a rule or precept. — Exem'plar, n. A model, original, or pattern, to be imitated.— Exem'plary, -rl, a. Serving as, etc. ; commendable ; conspicu- ous.— Exem'plarily, -tt-li, adv. — Exem'plify, -plt- fl, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fying.] To show by example, copy, make an attested copy of, prove by an attest- ed copy. — Exemplification, n. Act of, or thing which, etc. Exasperate, egz-as'pSr-at, v. t. To irritate in a high degree, aggravate, imbitter, provoke, enrage. — Ex- as'pera'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. Excavate, eks'ka-vat, v. t. To hollow out, form a cavity in, form by hollowing.— Excava'tion, n. Act of, etc.; a hollow formed by removing the interior. Exceed, eks-sed', v. t. To pass or go beyond ; to sur- pass, excel, transcend. — v. i. To go too far, pass proper bounds; to be more or larger. — Exceeding, -ingly, adv. In a very great degree ; unusually ; surpassingly ; transcendently. — Excess', n. State of surpassing or exceeding limits; superfluity; un- due indulgence of appetite; intemperance; dissipa- tion ; that which exceeds what is usual or proper; degree or amount by which one thing or number exceeds another ; remainder. — Excessive, -iv, a. Marked by, etc. ; transgressing laws of morality, prudence, propriety, etc.; extreme; vehement.— Excess Ively, adv. Excel, eks-seK, v. t. [-celled] (-seld'), -celling.] To exceed, surpass, esp. in good qualities or deeds. — v. i. To have good qualities in an unusual degree ; to surpass others. — Excellence, -lens, n. State or quality of being excellent ; a valuable quality ; a title of honor : excellency ; superiority ; worth ; greatness. — Excellency, -si, n. valuable quality; excellence ; a title of honor given to dignitaries of a court or state, embassadors, etc. — Excellent, a. Excelling or surpassing others in virtue, dignity, at- tainments, etc.; worthy; choice. Except, eks-sepf, v. t. To leave out of any number specified, exclude. — v. i. To take exception to, ob- ject, —prep. With exclusion of ; leaving out; ex- cepting; but.— conj. Unless; if not.— Exception, n. Act of, etc. ; thing excepted ; a person, thing, or case, specified as distinct, or not included. (Law.) An objection, oral or written, taken, as to bail or security ; or as to the decision of a judge, etc. An objection; dissent; cause of offense. — Exception- able, a. Liable to, etc. ; objectionable. — Excep'- tional, a. Forming an exception; exceptive; better than the average: of marked excellence; eminently superior. — Exceptive, -iv, a. Including, making, or being an exception ; exceptional. — Excepfor, -er, n. One who takes exceptions. Excerpt, eks'serpt, v. t. To make extracts from, or an extract of ; to select, extract, cite or cite from. — n. An extract ; a passage selected from an author. Excess, Excessive._ Isee under Exceed. Exchange, eks-chanj / ', v. t. ("-changed (-chanjdO, -changing.] To give or take in return for some- thing else; esp., in trade, to barter ; to part with for a substitute, interchange, commute, bargain, swap, traffic. — v. i. To be changed or received in ex- change for; to pass in exchange. — n. Act of giving or taking one thing in return for another, or of giving and receiving reciprocally ; thing given for something received. ( Com.) Process of settling ac- counts or debts between parties at a distance, with- out intervention of money, by exchanging orders or drafts, called hills of exchange. (Law.) A mu- tual grant of equal interests, the one in considera- tion of the other. Place where merchants and bank- ers of a city transact business, at certain hours, — contr. into 'Change. — Exchangeable, a. — Ex- changeability, n. — Exchan'ger, n. Exchequer, eks-chek'er, n. In Eng., one of the supe- rior courts of law, — so called from a checkered cloth, which covered the table. The treasury; pe- cuniary possessions in general. — v. t. [excheq- uered (-erd), -uering.] To institute a process in the Court of Exchequer. Excise, eks-siz', n. An inland duty of the nature of a direct tax on the consumer, — also levied on li- censes to pursue certain trades, and deal in certain commodities. — v. t. [excised (-sizd'), -cising.] To lay an excise upon; to impose upon; overcharge. Excise, eks-siz', v. t. To cut off ; to separate and re- move. — Excision, -sizh'un, n. Act of, etc.; extir- pation ; destruction. (Eccl.) Excommunication. (Surg.) Removal, esp. of small parts, with a cutting instrument. Excite, eks-sif, v. t. To call to activity, awaken, stimulate, irritate, provoke. (Med.) To increase the vital activity of the body. — Excite'ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; agitation; that which excites. (Med.) A state of exalted vital activity in the body or any of its parts. — Excifer, n.— Excif- ing, p. a. Calling or rousing into action; producing excitement. — Excifable, a. Capable of being roused into action. — Excit'abillty, n. Quality of being, etc. (Med.) Irritability. — Excit'ant, n. (Med.) A stimulant. — Excitalion, w. Act of, etc. Exclaim, eks-klamlv. i. [-claimed (-klamd'"), -claim- ing.] To cry out from earnestness, passion, sur- prise, etc. ; to vociferate. — Exclama'tion, n. Act of, etc.; an uttered expression of surprise, joy, etc. (Rhet.) A word expressing outcry; an interjection. (Print.) A sign by which emphatic utterance or out- cry is marked, thus [!]. Exclude, eks-klud', v. t. To thrust out or eject : to hinder from entrance, debar from participation or enjoyment. — Exclusion, -zhun, n. Act of, etc. — Exclu'sionist, n. One who would exclude an- other from some privilege. — Exclusive, -siv, -sory, -so-rl, a. Able to exclude; not taking into account. — n. One of a coterie who exclude others ; an ex- clusionist — Exclusively, adv. — Exclu'siveness. n. siin, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. EXCOMMUNICATE 134 EXPAND Excommunicate, eks-kom-mu'nl-kat, v. t. To ex- pel from communion, esp. of the church ; to pro- nounce an ecclesiastical sentence against. Excrement. See under Excrete. Excrescence, eks-kres'sens, n. Anj' thing growing out unnaturally from anything else ; a superfluity. Excrete, eks-kret', v. t. To discharge from the body as useless; to eject. — Excre'tion, n. Act of throw- ing off effete matter from the animal system ; mat- ter excreted ; excrement. — Ex'cretive, -tiv, a. Having the power of excreting, or promoting ex- cretion. — Ex'cretory, -to-rT, a. Having the quality of, etc. — n. (Anat.) A duct or vessel that receive's and excretes matter. — Ex'crement, n. Matter ex- creted and ejected, esp. alvine discharges ; dung ; ordure. _ Excruciate, eks-kroo'shT-at, v. t. To inflict most se- vere pain upon; to torture, torment. Exculpate, eks-kul'pat, v. t. To clear from the im- putation of fault or guilt ; to exonerate, absolve, justify. — Exculpa'tion, n. Act of, etc. — Excul/pa- tory, -to-rT, a. Able to, etc. ; excusing. Excursion, eks-kSr'shun, n. A setting out from some point; an expedition ; a trip for pleasure or health ; tour; ramble ; jaunt ; a wandering from a subject ; digression. — Excur'sive, -siv, a. Prone to make ex- cursions ; enterprising ; exploring. Excuse, eks-kuz', v. t. [-cused (-kuzd'), -cosing.] To free from accusation, or imputation of blame ; to exculpate, absolve; to pardon, as a fault, regard with indulgence, overlook ; to free from an impending obligation or duty ; not to exact ; to ask pardon or indulgence for. — Excuse', -kus', n. Act of excus- ing, apologizing, exculpating, pardoning, releasing, etc. ; a plea offered in extenuation of a fault ; apol- ogy ; that which extenuates or justifies a fault — Excus'er, -kuz'er, n. — Excus'able, -kuz'-, a. Execrate, eks'e-krat, v. t. To denounce evil against ; imprecate evil upon ; to abhor, abominate, curse. — Execra'tion, n. Act of cursing ; a curse pro- nounced ; that which is execrated. — Ex'ecrable, a. Deserving, etc. ; detestable ; abominable. Execute, eks'e-kut, v. t. To follow through to the end, carry into complete effect ; to render valid, as by signing and sealing ; to give effect to, fulfill, achieve, consummate ; to inflict capital punishment on, put to death. (Mas.) To perform, as a piece of music, — v. i. To perform an office or duty; to play on a musical instrument.— Ex'ecu'ter, n. — Execu- tion, n. Act of executing ; performance ; legal ac- complishment; a putting to death as a legal penalty; act or mode of performing works of art, of perform- ing on an instrument, engraving, etc. (Law.) A final process ; act of signing and sealing a legal instru- ment. Effect.— Execu'tioner, n. One who executes, esp. a judgment of death. — Executive, egz-ek'u-tiv, a. Designed or fitted for, qualifying for, or pert, to, etc.— n. The officer (king, president, etc.) who su- perintends the execution of laws. — Exec'utor, -ter, n. One who executes or performs; person appointed bv a testator to execute his will, or to see it carried into effect, after his decease. — Exec'utress, -utrix, n. A female executor. Exemplar, Exemplify. See under Example. Exempt, egz-empf, v. t. To take out or from, grant immunity from, release. — a. Taken out or re- moved : liberated. — n. One freed from duty. — Exemption, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. Exercise, eks'er-siz, n. Act of exercising ; exertion ; use; act of putting in practice ; performance ; per- formance of a public office or ceremony, esp. of religious worship; exertion for the sake of training or improvement ; hygienic activity ; a disquisition; lesson ; task ; that which gives practice ; a trial. — v. t. [exercised (-sizd), -cising.] To set in action, employ, school or train, busy; to exert for the sake of improvement, improve by practice, discipline; to occupy the attention and effort of; to task, tax, vex; to use, employ. — v. i. To take exercise; use action or exertion. Exert, egz-ert', v. t. To put forth, as strength, force, or ability ; to bring into active operation ; to do or perform. — Exertion, n. Act of, etc.; effort. Exhale, egz-haK, v. t. [-haled (-hald'), -halixg.] To emit, as vapor, send out, as an odor ; to cause to be emitted in vapor, evaporate. — v.i. To rise or be given off, as vapor. — Exhalation, n. Act or ■ process of, etc. ; evaporation ; that exhaled ; fume i or steam ; effluvium. Exhaust, egz-awsf, v. t. To draw out or drain off completely ; to empty by drawing out the contents; to use, employ, or expend entirely, wear out, weary. — a. Drained; exhausted ; having expended or lo'st ! its energy. — n. Foul air let out of a room by a reg- ' ister, etc. — Exhaus'tion, -chun, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; state of being deprived of strength or spirits. Exhibit, egz-ib'it, v. t. To hold forth or present to view; to show, display; to present in a public or official manner. (Med.) To administer as a remedy. — n. Any paper produced as a voucher, or in proof j of facts. (Law.) A document proved in a cause, by admission or by witness. Thing exhibited, esp. a collection of articles placed on public exhibition. — Exhibitor, n. — Exhibition, eks'hi-bish'un, n. I Act of exhibiting ; manifestation : display ; thing displayed ; public show. (Med.) The act of ad- ministering a remedy. Exhilarate, egz-il'a-rat, v. t. To make cheerful or merry ; to enliven, gladden, cheer. Exhort, egz-6rf, v. t. To incite by words or advice, ad- vise, warn, caution.— v. i. To deliver exhortation. — Exhorta'tion, eks-, n. Act or practice of, etc.; language intended to incite and encourage ; coun- sel. Exhume, eks-hum', v. t. [-homed (-humd'), -homing.] To dig up, as from a grave, disinter. Exigence, eks'I-jens, -gency, -jen-sT, n. State of be- ing exigent ; urgent or exacting want ; distress ; emergency ; necessity. — Exigent, n. (Law.) A judicial writ in the process of outlawry.— a. Re- quiring immediate action; pressing. Exile, eks'il, n. Forced separation from one's native country ; proscription ; expulsion ; one banished from his country. — v. t. [exiled (-ild), -ilixg.] To banish from one's country, drive away. Exist, egz-isf, v. i. To be ; to have actual" or real be- ing, material or spiritual : to occur ; manifest it- self; to live, have life.— Existence, -ens, -ency, -en- sT, n. State of existing or being ; occurrence ; that which exists; a being; creature. Exit, eks'it, n. Departure of a player from the stage; any departure ; act of quitting the stage of action or of life ; death ; decease ; way of departure ; pas- sage out of a place. Exode, eks'od, n. (Gr. Drama.) The catastrophe of a play. (Rom. Ant iq.) A comic afterpiece. — Ex'- odus, -o-dus, n. Departure from a place; esp. depar- ture of the Israelites from Egypt under Moses ; 2d book of the Old Testament, which relates this de- parture. Exonerate, egz-oii'er-at, v. t. To relieve of (a charge, obligation,"or load of blame) ; to absolve, acquit, clear, discharge. — Exon'era'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. Exorbitant, egz-Sr'bl-tant, a. Departing from an orbit or usual track ; deviating from the usual course; excessive; extravagant; enormous; anoma- lous ; irregular. Exorcise, eks'or-siz, v. t. [-cised (-sizd), -cisixg.] To drive away (an evil spirit) by adjuring by some holy name; to deliver from the 'influence of "an evil spirit. — Ex'orcism, -sizm, n. Act of exorcising ; a form of prayer or incantation for this end. Exordium, egz-Sr'dl-um, n. ; E. pi. -diums, -dl-umz, L. pi. -dia, -di-a. Beginning of anything ; esp. in- troductory part of a discourse. Exoteric, -ical, eks-o-ter'ik-al, a. Public ; not secret ; capable of being fully comprehended, — opp. to eso- teric. Exotic, egz-ot'ik, -ical, a. Introduced from a foreign country ; not native. — Exot'ic, n. Anything of for- eign origin, as a plant, word, custom, etc. Expand, eks-pand', v. t. To lay open; to make larger, dilate, distend; to enlarge, extend, open. — v. i. To become opened, spread apart, dilated, or enlarged. — Expanse', -pans', n. That which is expanded ; wide extent of space or body; the firmament. — Ex- pansible, a. Capable of being, etc. — Expansibil- ity, -tl, n. Capacitv of, etc. — Expansion, -shun, n. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r ; EXPATIATE 135 EXPRESS Act of, or condition of being, etc. ; thing expanded; expanse; space; room. • i Expatiate, eks-pa'shl-at, ». i. To move at large, wan- j der without restraint; to enlarge in discourse, des- [ cant. — r. t. To cause or allow to roam abroad; to extend, diffuse. — Expa'tia'tion, n. Act of, etc. Expatriate, eks-pa'trl-at, v. t. To banish; to remove (one's self) from one's native country. Expect, eks pekf, v. t. To wait for, await; to look forward to, anticipate, think, believe. — Expect'- , ance, -ancy, -an-sl, n. Act or state of, etc. ; thing expected. — Expect'ant, a. Having an attitude of expectation ; waiting ; looking for ; in medicine, waiting for the efforts of nature. — n. One who waits in expectation. — Expectation, ;;. Act or state of expecting : state of being expected : thing expected; ground~of expecting: reason for anticipa- ting future benefits; value of any prospect depend- ing upon the happening of some uncertain event. Expectorate, eks-pek'to-rat, r. r. To discharge (phlegm, etc.) by coughing, hawking, and spitting. — v. i. To discharge matter from the lungs or throat; to spit. — Expec'tora'tion, ??. Act of, etc. ; matter expectorated. — Expectorant, a. {Med.) Tending to promote discharges from the lungs or throat. — n. (Med.) A medicine which, etc. — Expectorative, -tiv, a. Expectorant. Expedite, eks'pe-dlt, ». r. To relieve of impediments, quicken; to dispatch, issue officially. — a. Free of impediment ; expeditious. — Expe'dient, -dt-ent, a. Hastening forward ; tending to further a proposed object; proper under the circumstances ; advisable ; profitable ; conducive, or tending to self-interest, or selfish ends. — n. Suitable means to accomplish an end ; means employed in an exigency : shift ; contrivance ; resource ; substitute. — Expedition, -dish'un, n. Quality of being expedite ; efficient promptness; haste; quickness: an important enter- prise or attempt at some distance; an excursion for a valuable end; body of persons making such an ex- cursion. — Expeditious, -dish'us, a. Possessed of, or characteiized by, expedition ; prompt; ready; quick; alert. Expel. eks-peK, v. t. [-pelled (-peld'), -pellixg.] To drive or force out. eject; to drive from one's coun- try, banish. — Expulsion, -shun. n. Act of, or state of being, etc. — Expul'sive, -siv, a. Having power, or serving to, etc. Expend, ekVpend', v. t. To apply or employ in any way; to consume by use, dissipate, waste. — r. i. To be "laid out, used," or consumed. — Expenditure, -chur, n. Act of. etc.; thing expended: expense.— Expense'', -pens', ». Act of expending; disburse- ment ; outlay ; that expended ; cost ; charge. — Ex- pensive, -siv. a. Occasioning expense; costly; lav- ish : extravagant. Experience, eks-pe'rT-ens, n. Practical acquaintance with any matter by personal observation or trial of it; repeated trial of a matter; instruction so gained; trial: proof; experiment. — v. t. [experienced (-enst), -encing.] To make practical acquaintance with: to have befall one.— Expe'rienced, -rT-enst. p. a. Taught by experience, or repeated observations. — Experientialism, -shal-izm, «. (Metapk.) Doctrine that all ideas and knowledge are derived from indi- vidual experience, — opp. to intuitionalism. — Ex- periment, -per'T-ment, >i. A trial deliberately in- stituted: practical test: proof. — v. i. To operate on a body in order to discover some unknown fact, or illustrate a known one; to test by trial. — Exper'i- ment'al, a. Pert, to, given to, or skilled in, founded, derived from, or affording, experiment; taught bv, or derived from, experience. — Expert', a. Taught by use, practice, or experience; adroit; skillful. — Expert, eks'pert or eks-pgrt'. n. One who is, etc.; esp. a scientitic_or professional witness. Expiate, eks'pl-at, v. t. To make satisfaction or rep- aration for: to atone for. — Expiation, ». Act of, etc.: satisfaction; means by which atonement for crimes is made. — Ex'piator, : ter, n. — Ex'piatory, -to-rY, a. Having power to, etc. Expire, eks-pir', v.t. [-piked (-pird'), -PiRixG.] To breathe out, emit from the lungs; to emit in minute particles, exhale. — v. i. To emit the breath, esp. the last breath; to die; to come to an end, terminate, perish. — Expiration, ??. Act of expiring,— as a breathing out of air from the lungs ; emission of volatile matter; exhalation; last emission of breath; death; termination ; end ; matter breathed forth. Explain, eks-plan', v. t. [-plained (-pland'), -plain- ing.] To make plain, manifest, or intelligible; to expound, interpret, elucidate, clear up. — v. i. To give explanation. —Explanation, ?;. Act of, etc. ; that which makes clear; meaning attributed to any- thing by one who expounds it ; a mutual exposition of meaning, to adjust a misunderstanding ; defini- tion ; interpretation ; account. — Explanatory, -plan'a-to-rT, a. Serving to explain; containing ex- planation. Expletive, eks'ple-tiv, a. Filling up; superfluous.— i). A word or syllable not necessary to the sense, but inserted to nil a vacancy, or for ornament.— Ex'pletory, -to-rT,_n. Serving to, etc. Explicate, eks'plT-kat, v. t. To unfold the meaning of, explain, interpret. — a. Evolved: unfolded.— Explicable, a. — Ezplica'tdon, n. Act of, etc. : ex- planation: interpretation; sense given by an exposi- tor.— Explicit, -plis'it, a. Distinctly stated; clear; not obscure or ambiguous; express; 'having no dis- guised meaning or reservation. Explode, eks-plod', v. i. To burst with a loud report; to detonate. — v. t. To cause to explode, touch off ; to drive out with violence and noise, as by powder; to bring into disrepute, and reject. — Explo'sion, -zhun, ». Act of exploding or detonating. (Steam eng.) The sudden and violent shattering of a boiler bv steam pressure, — disting. f r. rupture ; a violent manifestation of feeling, attended by an outburst in language, etc. — Explo'sive, -siv, a. Causing ex- plosion. Exploit, eks-ploit', v. A deed or act: esp. a heroic act: ieat. — ». i. To turn to account; work (a mine, etc.). — Exploitation, ». Process of winning ores and minerals from their natural position, and ren- dering them available. Explore, eks-plor', v. t. [-plored (-plord'), -plor- IKG.] To search through, look into all parts of, ex- amine thoroughly (esp. an unknown country). Expoliation. Same as Spoliation. Exponent, eks-po'nent. n. {Alg.) A number or quan- titv on the right of and above another quantity, de- noting how olten the latter is repeated as a factor to produce the power indicated. One who, or that which, stands as an index or representative. Export, eks-port', r. f. To cam- (wares, etc.) from a country to other communities."— Ex'port, n. Act of exporting; thing exported. Expose, eks-poz', v. t. [-posed (-pozd'), -posing.] 'lo place in a position to be seen; to lay forth to view, as an opinion, etc.: to explain; to deprive of cover or protection, lay open to attack or danger; to depiive of concealment, as a thing that shuns pub- licit v; to divulge wrong practices of. — Expose, -po- za'."». A formal statement, recital, or exposition. — Ezpos'er, n. One who exposes. — Exposition, ; -zish'un.H. Act of exposing or laying open; a pub- lic exhibition or show; the act of expounding the J sense of an author or passage: interpretation; a work ! containing explanations, or the sense put upon a i passage bv an interpreter.— Expositive, -tiv, -itory, 1 -to-ri, a. Serving to explain: illustrative; exegetical. — Expositor, -ter, n. One who, etc.; an interpreter. — Expos'ure. -po'zhur, n. Act of exposing: state of being, etc.; position in regard to points of the coni- passrinfluencesof climate, etc.— Expound', -pownd', v. t. To explain; clear of obscurity; interpret. Ex post facto, eks-post-fak'to. (Law.) Done after the act to which it relates: from, or by, a thing done afterward. [L.] — Kr post facto laic. A law which deals with acts clone before its passage. Expostulate, eks-post'u-lat, ?•. t. To reason earnestly with a person on some impropriety of conduct; to remonstrate. — Espost'ula'tion, n. Act of, etc. ; kindly protest. — Expost'ulatory, -to-rf, a. Con- taining, etc. Exposure, Expound. See under Expose. Express, eks-pres', v. t. [-pressed (-prest'), -press- ing.] To press or squeeze out: to imitate; to repre- sent and exhibit (an opinion or feeling) by a look, gesture, or esp. bv language; to make known one s sun, cube, full; moon, f dot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNbox, chair, get. EXPULSION 136 EXUDE opinions or feelings, — used reflexively; to denote, designate; to send py express messenger. — a. Closely resembling; directly stated; made unambiguous ; clear; plain; explicit; dispatched with special speed or directness, —n. A messenger sent on a special errand; a quick conveyance for packages, commis- sions, etc. — Expressible, a. Capable of being, etc. — Expression, -presh'un, n. Act of expressing, or forcing out by pressure; act of representing; decla- ration; utterance; lively or vivid representation of sentiment, feeling, etc. ; look or appearance, as indic- ative of thought or feeling; mode of speech, phrase. (Alg.) The representation of any quantity by ap- propriate characters or signs. — Expressive, -iv, a. Serving to, etc.; indicative; full of expression; sig- nificant. — Expressively, adv. — Expressiveness, n.— Expressly, adv. In an express, direct, or pointed manner; in direct terms; plainly. Expulsion, Expulsive. See under Expel. Expunge, eks-punj', v. t. [-punged (-punjd'), -pun- gi>~g.] To blot out, as with a pen; to strike out, wipe out or destroy, efface, erase, cancel. Expurgate, eks'per- or eks-per'gat, v. t. To purify from anything noxious, offensive, or erroneous; to cleanse, purge. Exquisite, eks'kwi-zit, a. Carefully selected; of sur- passing excellence ; exceeding, extreme, keen, — used in a bad sense; of accurate discrimination; not easy to satisfy; nice; delicate; refined; perfect. — n. One over-nice in dress or ornament; a fop, dandy. Exserf, -serted, eks-serfed, a. Standing out; pro- jecting beyond other parts. Extant, eks'tant, a. Standing out or above the surface ; con- tinuing to exist; in being; now subsisting. Extasy. See Ecstasy. Extempore, eks-tem'po-re, adv. Without previous study or meditation; without prepara- tion ; suddenly. — a. Without study; extemporaneous. — Ex- tem'pora'neous, -ne-us, -tern'- porary, -rl, a. Proceeding from the impulse of the mo- ment; called forth by the oc- casion ; unpremeditated ; off- h a n d . — Extem'porize, v. i. [-kized (-nzd), -eizing.] To speak extempore; esp., to -,, make an off-hand address. - Exserted Stamens. v. t. To do in a hasty, unpremeditated manner.— Extem'poriz/er, n.— Extem'poriza'tion, n. Act of, etc. Extend, eks-tend', v. t. To prolong, esp. in a single direction, as a line; to protract; to enlarge, as a surface or volume; to expand; to widen, continue, as time, lengthen; to hold out or reach forth; to be- stow on; to offer. (Law.) To value, as lands taken by a writ of extent in satisfaction of a debt. — r. i. To be continued in length or breadth; to reach.— Extendible, -sile, -sil, a. Capable of being, etc. — Extensibility, n.— Extension, -shun, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. (Physics $,- Jfetaph.) That property of a body by which it occupies a portion of space. (Com.) A written engagement allowing a debtor further time to pay a debt.— Extensive, -siv, a. Having wide extent; expanded; wide. — Exten- sively, adv. — Exten'siveness, n. — Exten'sor, n. (Anat.) A muscle which extends or straightens anv part of the body, as an arm or a finger. [L.] — Ex- tent', n. Space or degree to which a thing is ex- tended; superficies; bulk; size; length. Extenuate, eks-ten'u-at, v. t. To draw out, as the line of an army; to make thin or slender; to lessen; to palliate as a crime; to lower or degrade, as repu- tation or honor. — v. i. To become thinner, be drawn out. — Exten'ua'tion, n. Act of, etc. ; pallia- tion (of a crime); mitigation (of punishment). Exterior, eks-te'rl-er, a. External; pert, to that which is external; on the outside; extrinsic; pert, to for- eign nations; foreign. — n. Outward surface or part of a thing; external deportment, form, or ceremony. — Exter'nal, -ter'nal, a. Having relation to space; outward ; exterior; from, or pert, to, the body, its wisht), h appearance, functions, etc.: accidental; irrelevant; foreign ; pert, to foreign nations. Exterminate, eks-ter'mi-nat, v. t. To drive from within the limits or borders of; to put an end to the power of, eradicate, extirpate. (Math.) To cause to disappear, eliminate. — Exter'mina lion, n. Act of, etc.; eradication; excision. (Math.) Elimination, Extinguish, eks-tin'gwish, v. i. [-glished (-gwisht), -GUISHING-] To smother, quench, put an end to; to obscure by superior splendor.— Extin- guisher, n. One wno, or that which, etc. esp., a utensil to extinguish a candle or lamp. — Extinguishment, n. Act of. etc.; suppres- sion; nullification. (Law.) The putting an end to a right or estate by consolidation or union. — Extinct', -tinkt', a. Extinguished; put out; quenched; ended; closed. — Ex- Ex trnc'tion, n. Act of, or state of_being, etc. gu i s her Extirpate, eksler- or eks-ter'pat, v. t. To pull up by the roots, destroy, eradicate, expel. Extol, eks-toK, v. t. [-tolled (-told'), -tolling.] To elevate by praise, eulogize, magnify, commend, laud, glorify. Extort, eks-torf, v. t. To wrest or wring from, gain by force, exact. — v. i. To practice extortion. — Ex- tortion, n. Act of, etc.; illegal exaction; thing ex- torted : oppression ; rapacity. — Extortionate, -at, -ary, -er-i, a. Practicing, pert, to, characterized by, or implying, etc. — Extortioner, n. Extra, eks'tra, a. Over and above; uncommon; ex- traordinary. — n. Something in addition to what is due or expected ; a special edition of a newspaper ; a special train. — Extraordinary, -trSr'dT-na-ri, a. Beyond or out of the common order or method ; ex- ceeding the common degree or measure ; remark- able; uncommon ; rare ; employed for an unusual or special object. — n. That which is, etc. — Ex- traordinarily, adv.— ExtraVagant, a. Wandering beyond bounds; wild; excessive; unrestrained; pro- fuse in expenses; prodigal.— Extrav'agantly, adv.— Extrav'agance, -agancy, -gan-sl, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; wildness; excess; prodigality: waste; violence. — Extra'neous, -ne-us, a. Not belonging to, or dependent on; not essential; foreign. Extract, eks-trakf, v. t. To draw out; to remove forcibly from a fixed position; to withdraw by dis- tillation, or other chemical process; to take by selec- tion. — Extract, n. That which is extracted or drawn out; a passage from a book; citation; quota- tion; anything drawn from a substance by heat, so- lution, distillation, or chemical process. — Extrac- tion, n. Act of, etc. ; the stock from which one has descended; lineage; birth; descent; thing extracted; extract; essence. Extradite, ekslra-dit, v. o deliver, under a treaty of extradition. — Extr ion, -dish'un, n. Deliv- ery, by one state to ai. : or, of fugitives from jus- tice, in pursuance of a treaty. Extreme, eks-trem', a. At the utmost point, edge, or border; outermost; furthest: last; final; conclusive; the worst or best; most urgent; greatest; highest. (Mas.) Extended or contracted as much as possible. — n. The utmost point or verge; extremity; utmost limit or degree that is supposable or tolerable: great necessity. — Extreme unction. (Rom. Cath. Church). The anointing of a dying person with oil. — In the extreme. As much as possible.— In extremis. At the point of death. [L.] — Extremely, adv.— Extrem'- ist, n. A supporter of extreme doctrines or practice; one who holds extreme opinions. — Extremity, -trem'T-t'i, n. That at the extreme ; the utmost limit; verge; border; end: utmost point; highest de- gree of inconvenience, pain, or suffering; greatest need or peril. Extricate, eks'tri-kat, v. t. To free from difficulties or perplexities; to cause to be emitted or evolved; to disentangle, disengage, set free. Extrinsic, eks-trin'sik, -sical, a. Not contained in or belonging to a body; external; outward; unes- sential. Exuberant, egz-u'bSr-ant, a. Characterized by abun- dance; overflowing; superfluous.— Exu'berance, -an- cy, -st, m. State of being, etc. — Exu'berantly, adv. Exude, egz-ud', v. t. To discharge through pores or incisions, as moisture, etc. — v. i. To flow from a , am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term •, in, Ice ; odd, tone, 6r j EXULT 137 FACT body through the pores, or by natural discharge. - Exuda'tion, n. Act of, etc.; substance exuded. Exult, egz-ulf, v. i. To leap for joy, rejoice in tri umph. — Exult'ant, a. Inclined to, etc. — Exulta' tion, n. Act of, etc.; triumph. Eye, i, ». The organ of sight; power of seeing; view; opinion; estimate; space commanded by the organ of sight; face; front; presence ; observa- tion; watch; notice; look; aspect; a thing resembling the or- gan of sight, in form, position, or appear- ance,— as, the hole in a needle; a catch for sc/i a hook ; spot on a feather, as of a pea- cock; bud or sprout of a plant or root; center of a target. Eye (Naut.) Looped part op, optic nerve; sc, sclerotic or of a rope or stay [EYED (id), EY- ING.] To fix the eye on, observe, esp. to watch narrowly, or with fixed attention. — Eye'ball, n. The ternal coat of the eye ; eft, choroid coat ; r, retina ; z, zonule of Zinn; p, position of the Petitian canal ; sch, position of canal of Schlemm ; i, iris, the opening in the center of which forms the pupil ; c, cornea ; m, Meibomian glands ; I, crystal- line lens. ball, globe, or apple of the eye. — Eye'bright, n. A plant formerly used for diseases of the eye. — Eye'- brow, n. The brow or hairy arch above the eye. — Eye'glass, n. A glass to assist the sight; the eye-piece of a telescope, etc. — Eye'lash, n. The line of hairs that edges the eyelid; a single one of the hairs on the edge of the eyelid. — Eye'let, n. A small hole for a lace or cord, as in garments, sails, etc. ; a metal ring or grommet_ to fit, etc. [F. ceillet, dim. of ceil.} — Eyeleteer', -er', n. A sharp-pointed instrument for making eyelet-holes ; a stiletto. — Eye'lid, n. The cover of the eye. — Eye'sight, n. Vision; view; observation; relative power or capacity of seeing. — Eye'-piece, n. (Opt.) The lens, or combination of lenses, at the eye-end of an optical instrument. — -serv'ant, n. A servant who attends to duty only when watched. — service, n. Service performed only under the eye of an employer. — sore, n. Some- thing offensive to the sight. — stone, n. A small, calcareous stone, used for taking substances from between the lid and ball of the eye. — tooth, n. ; pi. -teeth. A tooth whose root is long, and points up toward the eye ; the pointed canine or cuspidate tooth in the upper jaw next to the grinders. See Tooth. wa'ter, n. A medicated lotion for the eyes. — wit'ness. One who sees a thing done.— Eyne, in,n. Obs. plural of eye. Eyrie, -ry, a'rT, n. Place where birds of prey build nests and hatch their young. F. F, ef, the 6th letter of the English alphabet, is formed by the passage of breath between the lower lip and upper incisive teeth. Its figure is the same as that of the Eolic digamma [F], to which it is related in power. See Digamma. —(Mus.) F is the 4th tone of the gamut, or model scale. F sharp (F ft) is a tone intermediate between F and G. Fa, fa. (Mus.) A syllable applied to the 4th tone of the gamut or model "scale for purposes of solmization. Fable, fa'bl, n. A fictitious story intended to enforce some useful truth ; an apologue : plot of an epic or dramatic poem; fiction ; falsehood. — v.i. [fabled (-bid), fabling.] To feign ; to write or speak fic- tion.— v. t. To feign, invent, tell of falsely.— Fab'- ulous, -lus, a. Feigned; related to fable; not real; fictitious; extravagant; passing belief; enormous. Fabric, fab'rik, n. Struc- ture of anything; work- manship ; texture; make; thing fabricated, as, framework, edifice, building, manufactured cloth ; act or purpose of building ; construction. — Fab'ricate, -ri-kat, v. t. To frame, construct, build ; to form by art and labor ; to forge, de- vise falsely. — Fabrica'"- tion, n. Act of , etc. ; thing fabricated ; a fic- tion; figment; falsehood. Facade, fa-sad', n. Face, front of an edifice. Face, fas, n. The exterior form of anything ; esp., the front part or surface ; one of the bounding planes of a solid. (Mack.) The principal dressed surface of a plate, disk, or pulley, or flat surface of a part. Outside ap- pearance ; surface show; look; that partof the head of an animal, esp. of man, containing the eyes, nose, mouth, etc. ; visage ; countenance; cast of features; look; air; boldness; shamelessness : effrontery ; presence ;_sight ; front ; mode of regard. — v. t. [faced (fast), facing.] To meet in front, oppose with firmness, stand op- posite to, front upon, turn the front toward, con- front: to cover in front. (JIach.) To make flat or smooth the surface of. To adulterate (tea, etc.). — v.i. I To turn the face.— Fascial, -shal, a. Pert, to the face. — Facial angle. (Anat.) The angle formed by 2 straight lines, one drawn from the middle of the ex- ternal entrance of the ear to the base of the nose, and the other from the prominent center of the forehead to the most prominent part of the upper jawbone.— Fa'cially, adv. — Facet, fas'et, Facette, fa-set', n. A little face ; a small surface. Facetiae, fa-se'shi-e, n. pi. Witty or humorous writ- ings or sayings ; witticisms. — Facetious, -shus. a. Given to wit and good humor; merry; sportive; joc- ular ; characterized by pleasantry. Facile, fas'il, a. Easy to be done, surmounted, or removed ; easy of access ; courteous; affable ; easily persuaded to good or bad ; pliant; flexible. — Facil- itate, v. t. To make easy or less difficult. — FaciF- ita'tion, n. Act of, etc. — Facility, -ti, n. Quality of being easily performed ; ease ; readiness proceed- ing from skill or use ; dexterity ; easiness to be per- suaded; pliancy; ductility : easiness of access; com- plaisance ; what promotes the ease of any action or course of conduct ; assistance. Fact, fakt, n. A doing, making, or preparing ; thing done ; event ; reality ; truth ; a thing supposed or asserted to be done ; act ; deed ; incident. — Fac- tion, -shun, n. A party acting from selfish motives against a government or established order of things ; combination ; clique ; junto. — Fac'tionist, n. One who promotes faction. — Facetious, -shus, a. Given to faction ; prone to clamor against public measures or men ; pert, to, proceeding from, or indicating, faction. — Facetiously, adv. — Fac'tiousness, n. — Facti'tious. -tish'us, a. Made by art, — disting. fr. what is produced by nature ; artificial ; unnatural. — Fac'tor, -ter, n. (Com.) An agent, esp., who buys and sells goods, and transacts business, for others on commission. (Math.) One of the quan- tities which, when multiplied together, form aprod- sQn, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil j ringer or ink, tiien, botfbox, chair, get. FACULTY 138 FALSE - fie al a uct. A condition helping to produce some result. Fac'tory, -ri, n. A place where factors transact business lor employers; body of factors in any place; building used for manufacturing goods; a manufac- tory. — Fac-simlle, -Y-le, n. ; pi. -iles, -lez. An exact copy or reproduction. — Facto'tum, n. ; pi. -tums, -tumz. One employed to do all kinds of work. Faculty, fak'ul-ti, n. Ability to act or perform; esp., original capacity for mental activity ; intellectual endowment ; power ; privilege or permission ; li- cense ; a body of men to whom any specific priv- ilege is granted ; in Europe, the graduates in any of the 4 departments of a university or college (Philos- ophy, Law, Medicine, and Theology); the members of a profession or calling ; the corps of professors and tutors in an American college. Fad, fad, n. A hobby; crotchet; trifling pursuit. Fade, fad, v. i. To perish gradually, wither ; to lose freshness, color, or brightness ; to sink away, grow dim, vanish. — v. t. To cause to wither, wear away. Faery, -ie, fa'er-T, a. or n. Same as Fairy. Fag, fag, n. A laborious drudge ; esp., a school-boy who does menial services for one of a higher class in English schools, — v. i. [fagged (fagd), GiNG.] To act as a fag, drudge ; to become weary, tire. — v. t. To treat as a fag, compel to drudge; to cause to labor diligently, tire by labor. Fagot, f ag'ut, n. A bundle of sticks, for fuel, or for rais- ing batteries, etc., in fortification ; a single stick ; a bundle of pieces of iron or of steel in bars; one hired to take another's place at the muster of a company. — v. t. To make a fagot of.bind in a bundle. Fahrenheit, fa'ren-hit, a. Pert, to, or measured by, a thermometer having the zero of its scale at 32° below the freezing-point of water and the boiling- point at 212° above. [Inventor's name.] Faience, Fayence, fi'oNs, n. Glazed earthen ware. Fail, fal, v. i. [failed (fald), failing.] To be want- ing, fall short, be lacking; to be affected with want; to Decome diminished, decline, decay ; to fall off in vigor, activity, resources, etc. ; to become extinct, perish, die ; to be wanting with respect to an effect, a duty to be performed, result to be secured, etc.; to miss; to be baffled or frustrated ; to become un- able to meet one's engagements, become bankrupt or insolvent. — v. t. To be wanting to ; not to, be sufficient for ; to disappoint. — n. Failure ; defi- ciency ; lack ; want. — Fail'ure, -yer, n. Cessation of supply, or total defect ; deficiency ; omission ; non-performance ; defect from decay ; bankruptcy; suspension of payment. —Fallacy, faKla-si, n. De- ceptive or false appearance; deceitfulness; mistake; sophistry. (Logic.) An apparent argument, pro- fessing to decide the matter at issue, but not really doing so. — Fallacious, -shus, a. Embodying or pert, to a fallacy ; fitted to deceive. — Fallible, a. Liable to mistake, to deceive, or to be deceived. Fain, fan, a. Well-pleased; disposed; inclined; esp., conteirt to accept, — adv. With pleasure ; gladly. Faint, fant, n. The act of fainting; a swoon. — a. Lacking strength; weak; languid; wanting in cour- age, spirit, or energy ; timorous ; dejected ; lacking distinctness ; hardly perceptible, done in a weak or feeble manner. — v. i. To become weak ; grow feeble, swoon ; to lose courage, become depressed ; to decay, disappear, vanish. Fair, far, a. Free from spots, imperfection, or hin- drance ; unblemished ; pure ; pleasing to the eye ; beautiful; free from a dark hue ; of a light shade ; not overcast; cloudless; propitious; unincumbered; open ; characterized by frankness, honesty, impar- tiality, candor ; inspiring hope and confidence ; dis- tinct ; legible; not distinguished or unusual ; mod- erate; middling. — adv. Fairly. — n. A fair woman. — Fairly, -IT, adv. Clearly ; openly ; distinctly ; honestly ; pleasantly. — Fair'ness, n. State of be- ing, etc. ; freedom from stains or impurity ; hon- esty; candor; distinctness. Fair, far, n. A gathering of buyers and sellers, for ex- hibition and sale of wares. Fairy, far / 'i, n. An imaginary supernatural being or spirit, in human form. — Fay, fa, n. A fairy; elf. Faith, lath, ??. Belief; reliance on testimony; firm and earnest belief, on probable evidence of any kind, esp., as to moral truth. (Theol.) Loving belief in the Savior ; belief in the truthfulness and supernatural origin of the Scriptures. That which is believed ; a system of religious belief; esp. the system taught by Christ ; also, the creed of a Christian church ; strict adherence to duty and fulfillment of promises ; prom- ise given.— Faith ltd, -f ul, a. Full of faith ; disposed to believe, esp. in the declarations and promises of God ; firm in adherence to promises, engagements, or duty; loyal; conformable to truth; worthy of be- lief ; trusty; honest; sincere; veracious. — Faith''- fully, adv. — Faith'fulness, n. — Faith'less, a. Un- faithful; unbelieving; esp. not believing in God or religion ; not observant of promises, allegiance, or duty; disappointing; deluding. Falcate, fal'kat, -cated, a. Hooked or bent like a sickle or scythe. — Falchion, fawl'chun or -shun, n. A short sword, with a curved point. — Falcon, faw'kn, n. A raptorial bird hav- ing a short, hooked beak, powerful claws, and great destructive power; esp., one of this family trained to the pursuit of other birds, or game. Fall, fawl, v. i. [imp. fell ; p. p. fallen (fawln); fall- ing.] To descend to a lower position, drop down, make a descent by the force of grav- ity alone ; to become sud- denly prostrate; to empty; H •. 7 f f f F1 to cease to live, perish, van- Ue " a dl ^on ish ; to lose strength ; to be brought forth ; to decline in power, wealth, value, etc.; to become degraded, sink into vice, error, or sin; to become embarrassed, be entrapped; to become de- jected; to pass into a new state of body or mind; to happen, come to pass; to rush or hurry; to pass by chance, lot, inheritance, etc.; to be dropped or ut- tered carelessly. — v. t. To sink, depress. — n. Act of descending by gravity, or of dropping or tum- bling; death; overthrow: ruin; degradation; dimi- nution of price or value; a sinking of tone; cadence; declivity; aslope; descent of water; cascade; cata- ract; discharge of a river into ocean, lake, or pond; extent of descent ; season when leaves fall from trees; autumn; that which falls; a falling; act of felling or cutting down; lapse from innocence or goodness, esp. the apostasy of our first parents. — Fell, v. t. [felled (feld), felling.] To cause to fall, prostrate (trees, etc.) ; to turn or sew down the edges of (seams). Fallacy, Fallible, etc. See under Fail. Fallow, 1'aKlo, a. Left untitled after having been plowed for culture ; pale red or pale yellow. — n. Land that has lain a year or more plowed without being sowed; the tilling of land, without sowing it for a season, — v. I. [fallowed (-lod), -lowing.] To plow, harrow, and break up (land), without seeding. — Fallow deer. A species of deer, yellow- ish in color, smaller than the stag, and domesticated in England. False, fawls, a. Uttering falsehood; given to deceit; dishonest; not faithful or loyal; treacherous; perfid- ious; not true; fitted to deceive or disappoint; not genuine or real; designed to deceive; counterfeit; not well founded; erroneous, (lias.) Not in tune. — adv. Falsely. — False'ly, adv. In a false man- ner ; not truly. — False'-heart'ed, a. Hollow ; treacherous ; deceitful ; perfidious. — False'hood, n. Want of truth or veracity, honesty or integ- rity ; deceitfulness ; perfidy ; counterfeit ; impos- ture; lie; fiction; fabrication. — Fals'ify, -1-il,v.t. [-fied (-fid), -fying.] To represent lalsely, coun- terfeit, forge; to prove to be false, or untrustworthy; to violate, break by falsehood. (Law.) To prove false, as a judgment. (Equity.) To show, in ac- counting, that an item of charge in an account is wrong, — v. i. To tell lies, violate the truth.— Fals''- ifi'er, n. — Fals'ifi'able, a. "— FaFsifica'tion, n. Act of, etc.; a counterfeiting; confutation. (Equity.) o- an itorv> r\+' otinwo +r\ ho wrnno- — Vala'- The showing an item of charge to be wrons -Fals' am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tSrm \ In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, FALTER 139 FASCES ity, -T-tY, n. Quality of being false; a false asser- tion; lie; deceit. — Falsetto', -ef, -et'to, n. That species of voice in a man whose compass lies above his natural voice. Falter, fawHer, v. i. [-tered (-terd), -terixg.] To fail, stumble; esp. to hesitate, stammer; to tremble, totter; to fail in distinctness or regularity of exer- cise, —said of the mind or of thought. Fame, f am, n. Public report or rumor; renown; no- toriety; celebrity; credit; honor. — v. t. [famed (famd), famixg.] To report; to make famous.— Fa'- mous, -mus, w. Celebrated in fame; renowned; dis- tinguished in story; remarkable; signal; illustrious. Family, fam'i-li, n. The body of persons living in one house, and under one head; household; a tribe or race; kindred; course of descent; genealogy; lin- eage; a group of kindred individuals, more compre- hensive than a genus. — Familiar, -yar, a. Pert, to a family ; domestic ; intimate, as a friend or com- panion ; well versed in (a study) ; unceremonious ; free ; well known, as a friend ; well understood, as a book or science. — n. An intimate ; close com- panion ; a demon or evil spirit supposed to attend at a call. — Familiarity, -yar- or -Y-ar'I-tT, n. State of being familiar; unconstrained intercourse; free- dom from constraint; fellowship; affability; inti- macy. — Familiarize, v. t. [-iarized (-yar-izd), -izixg.] To make familiar or intimate; to habitu- ate, accustom; to make easy by practice or study. — Familiarly, adv. In a familiar manner; without formality; commonly; frequently. Famine, famln, n. General scarcitV of food; dearth; destitution.— Famish, v. t. [-ished (-isht), -ish- ING-] To starve, kill, or destroy with hunger; to ex- haust the strength of by hunger; to kill by depriva- tion of anything necessary; to constrain by famine. — v. i. To die of hunger, starve; to suffer from deprivation of anything necessary. Famous, etc. See under Fame. Fan, fan, n. An instrument for producing currents of air, by motion of a broad sur- face ; as, an instrument for cooling the person. (Mach.) An instrument for exciting cur- rents of air, in winnowing grain, blowing a fire, ventila- tion, etc., or for checking rapid motion by the resistance of the air; something in the form of a woman's fan, as a peacock's tail, a window, etc.; a vane, used to keep the sails of a smock windmill in the direc- tion of the wind.—?-, t. [fanned Pan-wheel, (fand), -Xing.] To move as with a fan; to cool by moving the air; to ventilate, blow on ; to winnow. — Fan'ner, n. — Fan'-blow'er, -wheel, n. A wheel with revolving vanes to impel a cur- rent of air. — light, n. (Arch.) A window shaped like an open fan. — ?>alm, n. The talipot-tree of the E. ndies, whose leaves are at first folded like a fan, but spread open.— -tail, n. A kind of bird, esp. a pig- eon, having a fan-shaped tail; a form of gas-burner. Fanatic, fa-natlk, -ical, a. Pert, to, or indicating, fanaticism; exces- sively enthusiastic, esp. on religious Fan-palm, subjects.— Fanatic, n. One affected by excessive and unreasoning zeal. — Fanatlcalness, -icism, -I- sizm, n. Excessive zeal ; wild notions of religion ; superstition; frenzy. Fancy, fan'st, n. The faculty by which the mind forms an image of anything perceived before, power of combining and modifying such objects into new images, power of creating and recalling such ob- jects for amusement or embellishment; an image of anything formed in the mind; conception; caprice; whim; impression; inclination, liking, or the object of inclination or liking; that which pleases the taste or caprice witnout much use or value. — v.. i. [fan- cied (-sid), - \i.\g.] To figure to one's self, imag- ine. — v. t I o form a conception of ; to have a fancy or liking for. — a. Adapted to please the fancy or taste. — Fan'cier, -sl-er, n. One gov- erned bv fancy; one who fancies or has a special interest in; one who keeps for sale. — Fan'ciful, -st- ful, a. Full of, or guided by, fancy; whimsical; abounding in wild images; fantastical; visionary. — Fan'cifully, adv. — Fan'cifulness, n. — Fantas'tic, -tical, a. Produced by the fancy; unreal; of the nature of a phantom; fanciful; imaginative: vision- ary; irregular; wild; capricious. — Fantas'tic, n. One given to fantastic dress or manners; a dandy. — Fantas' tic ally, adv. — Fantas'ticalness, -tical Ity, n. — Fan'tasy, -st, n. Same as Fancy. — Fan'tasm, Fan'tom, n. Same as Phantasm, Phantom. Fane, fan, n. A temple ; place consecrated to religion. Fang, fang, n. A tusk or pointed tooth of a dog or other carnivorous animal, with which prey is seized and torn; a venomous tooth, as of a serpent; a long, pointed tooth; a claw or talon; any shoot or other thing by which hold is taken. Far, far, a. [farther and farthest are used as compar. and superl. of far, in imitation of further and furthest: the ME. forms were ferrer, ferrestJ] Distant in any direction ; remote ; contrary to de- sign or wishes; at enmity with; more distant of the two. —adv. To a great extent or distance of space or of time ; in great part ; in a great proportion; very much; to a certain point, degree, or distance. — Far'ther, -ther, a. More remote ; additional ; tending to a greater distance ; longer. — adv. At or to a greater distance; beyond; moreover. — Far- thest, -thest, a. More distant or remote ; furthest. — adv. At or to the greatest distance. Farce, fars, n. (Cookery.) Stuffing, like that used in dressing a fowl; force-meat. A low style of comedy; ridiculous or empty show. — Far'cical, -sT-kal, a. Pert, or appropriated to farce; ludicrous: deceptive. Fare, far, v. i. [fared (fard), faring.] To go, pass, travel; to be in any state, good or bad; to be treated with bodily or social comforts ; to happen well or ill. — n. Price of passage by land or water; experi- ence ; food ; provisions for the table. — Farewell', interj. Go well ; good-by ; adieu. — n. A wish of welfare at parting ; act of departure. — a. Parting; valedictory. Farina, fa-ri'na or -relia, n. The flour of corn, or any starchy root. (Chern.) Starch or fecula, one of the proximate principles of vegetables. — Far / ina r - ceous. -shus, a. Consisting or made of meal or flour; yielding farina or flour; like or pert, to meal. Farm, farm, n. A tract of land inclosed for cultiva- tion by a tenant; ground devoted to agriculture; a landed estate; a lease. — v. t. [farmed (farmd), farming.] To lease or let for an equivalent, as land for a rent; to give up to another, as an estate, business, revenue, privilege, etc., receiving in return a percentage of what it yields; to take at a certain rent or rate; to cultivate, as a farm. — v. i. To till the soil, labor as an agriculturist. — Farm'er, n. One who farms, as, a cultivator of leased ground; or, one who collects taxes, customs, excise, etc., for a cer- tain rate percent.; or, an agriculturist, husbandman. — Farming, a. The business of cultivating land. Faro, iar'o, n. A game at cards, in which a person plays against the bank, kept by the proprietor. Farrago, f ar-ra'go, n. A mass composed of materials confusedly mixed; a medley. Farrier, farlt-er,^ A smith who shoes horses: a veterinary surgeon— Farliery. -T, n. Art of shoeing horses; treatment of diseases of horses and cattle. Farrow, farlo, n. A litter of pigs. — v. t. & i. [farrowed (-rod), -rowing.] To bring forth (pigs). Farrow, farlo, a. Not producing young in a , given year, — said only of cows. Farther" Farthest. See under Far. Farthing, far'thing, n. The fourth of an Eng. penny. Farthingale, far'rhin-gal, n. A hoop petticoat. Fasces, fas'sez, n. pi. (Rom. Antiq.) An ax tied up with a bundle of rods, and borne Fisces. before magistrates as a badge of authority.— Fascine'', -sen', n. (Fort.) A bundle of sticks of wood, used in raising batteries, filling ditches, etc. sun, cube, full ; moon, cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbox, chair, get. FASCINATE 140 FEAST Fascinate, fas'si-nat, v. t. To bewitch, enchant; to allure irresistibly or powerfully, enrapture, capti- vate.— Fascina'tion, re. Act of, etc.; unseen, inex- plicable influence; that which fascinates; a charm; spell. Fashion, fasVun. n. The make or form of anything; pattern ; workmanship ; prevailing mode or style, esp. of dress ; mode of action; manner; sort; way. — v. t. [fashioned (-und), -oning.] To form, give shape to; to fit, adapt, accommodate. — Fash'ion- able, a. Conforming to the fashion or established mode; established by custom or use; current; pre- vailing at a particular time; observant of the cus- tomary mode ; genteel ; well bred. — n. A person of fashion. Fast, fast, a. Firmly fixed ; closely adhering; firm against attack, or in adherence; steadfast; faithful; not easily disturbed or broken ; sound ; moving rapidly ; swift ; rash and inconsiderate ; extrava- gant ; dissipated. — adv. In a firmly established, also in a rapid manner.— Fasten, fas'n, v. t. [-eked (-nd), -ening.] To fix firmly, make fast, secure; to hold together, cause to cleave together, cement, at- tach, affix, annex. — v. i. To fix one's self ; to clinch. — Fast'ening, re. Any thing that binds and makes fast, as a lock, catch, holt, bar, etc. — Fasf- ness, n. State of being, etc.; fixedness; security; a fast place; stronghold; fortress. Fast, fast, v. i. To abstain from food, go hungry; to practice abstinence as a religious duty. — n. Ab- stinence from food, esp., as a religious mortification or humiliation ; a time of fasting. Fastidious, fas-tid'T-us, a. Difficult to please; deli- cate to a fault; squeamish. Fat, fat, a. Abounding with fat, as, fleshy, plump, corpulent, oily, greasy, unctuous, rich; exhibiting the qualities of a fat animal; coarse; heavy; gross; dull; stupid; yielding a rich supply; productive.— re. An oily, concrete substance, deposited in ani- mal bodies; the richest productions; best part. — v. t. To make fat, fatten. — v. i. To grow fat, plump, and fleshy. — Fat'ten, -tn, v. t. [-tened (-tnd), -tening.] To make fat, fill full; to make fertile and fruitful, enrich. — v. t. To grow fat. — Fat'ner, -tener, n. One who or that which, etc. — Fat r ty, -tl, a. Containing or like fat; greasy. Fat, fat, n. A large tub, cistern, or vessel; a vat. Fate, fat, n. A decree pronounced by God; inevit- able necessity; appointed lot; esp., final lot, death, destruction ; destiny; doom ; chance, pi. (Myth.') Three goddesses (Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos) supposed to determine the course of human life.— Fa'tal, a. Proceeding from, or appointed by, fate; necessary; inevitable; causing death or destruction; destructive ; calamitous. — Fa'tally, adv. — Fa'tal- ism, -izm, n. The doctrine of fate, or inevitable ne- cessity. — Fa'talist, n. One who maintains that all things happen by inevitable necessity. — Fatal'ity, -1-tT, n. State of being fatal, or proceeding from destiny; invincible necessity ; state of being pro- ductive of death; tendency to destruction or danger; mortality. Father, fa/ther, n. Male parent; a remote male an- cestor; progenitor; esp., a first- ancestor; one vener- ated for age, kindness, wisdom, etc.; a senator of ancient Rome ; a dignitary of the Rom. Cath. church, superior of a convent, confessor, priest, etc.; a dignitary or elder clergyman in the Protestant church; one of the chief ecclesiastical authorities of the first centuries after Christ; a producer, au- thor, or contriver ; the first of a series ; a distin- guished example or teacher ; the Supreme Being; in theology, the first person in the Trinity, —v. t. [fathered (-fcherd), -thering.] To make one's self the father of, beget ; to take as one's own child, adopt, acknowledge one's self author of.— Fa'ther- hood, n. State of being a father; paternity. — Fa''- therly, -IT, a. Pert, to, or like, etc.; paternal; ten- der ; protecting. — Fa'therliness, n. Qualities of, etc. — Fa'therless, a. Destitute of, etc.; without a known author.— Fa'ther-in-law, n. Father of one's husband or wife. Fathom, fatb/um, n. A measure of length = 6 feet; space to which a man can extend his arms. — v. t. [fathomed (-umd), -OMiNG.] To measure by a sounding line; esp., to sound the depth of, get to the bottom of.._ Fatigue, fa-teg', n. Weariness from exertion; cause of weariness; labor; toil; labors of military_men, disting. fr. use of arms. — v. t. [fatigued (-tegd'), -guing.] To weary with exertion, exhaust the strength or endurance of, jade, tire. Fatten, Fatty, etc. See under Fat. Fatuous, fat'u-us, a. Feeble in mind; weak; impo- tent; illusory ._— Fatuity, -T-tt, re. Imbecility. Faubourg, fo'boorg, n. A suburb in French cities. Fauces, faw'sez, n. pi. The posterior part of the mouth, terminated by the pharynx and larynx. Faucet, faw'set, n. A tube stopped with a peg, spigot, or slide, for drawing liquid from a vessel. Faugh, faw, interj. Exclamation of abhorrence. Faulchion. Same as Falchion. Fault, fa wit, n. Want; absence; lack; default; any- thing wanting, or that impairs excellence; a moral failing; an offense less serious than a crime; blun- der; vice. (Geol. & Mining.) A displacement of strata or veins at a fissure, so that they are not con- tinuous. (Hunting.) A lost scent, —v. t. To cause a fault or displacement in (strata or veins). — Fault'y, -T, a. Containing, or guilty of, faults; im- perfect; blamable. — Fault'less, a. Without fault; blameless; spotless; perfect. Faun, fawn, n. (Rom. Myth.) A god of shepherds and fields, — half goat and half man.— Fau'na, -na, n. (Zool.) The animals of any given area or epoch. Fauteuil, fo-teK, n. An arm-chair, usually orna- mented; a seat in the French Academy. Favor, fa/ver, re. Kind regard; propitious aspect; act of countenancing, or condition of being counte- nanced; support; a kind act or office; an act of grace; mildness; lenity; object of kind regard; a gift, token of love; something worn as a token of affection ; a letter, — so called in compliment. — v. t. [favored (-verd), favoring.] To regard with kind- ness, aid, befriend; to afford advantages for success to, facilitate. — Fa'vorable, a. Manifesting or in- dicating partiality; propitious; tending to promote or facilitate; advantageous. — Fa'vorite, -it, n. A person or thing regarded with peculiar favor; one treated with partiality. — a. Regarded with, etc. Favus, fa'vus, n. (Pathol.) A disease of the_ scalp caused by a parasitic fungus. — Favosa', -vos', a. (Bot.) Honey-combed; like the section of a honey- r __^ comb ; having pits, depres- ^ /, sions, or cells. _=^ Fawn, fawn, n. A young fal- ± ~^A low deer; a buck or doe of at the first year. Fawn, fawn, v. i. [fawned L< ( fa wnd), fawning.] To "^ court favor by cringing, court servilely, flatter meanly. Fay. See Fairy. Fay, fa, v. t. and i. [fayed (fad), faying.] To fit, suit, unite closely with. Fealty, fe'al-ti, n. Fidelity to one's lord, to a supe- rior power, or to a government; homage; loyalty. Fear, fer, n. A painful emotion excited by expecta- tion of evil or apprehension of danger; solicitude; alarm; dread; terror. (Script.) Reverence for the Supreme Being, or for men of authority or worth. That which causes apprehension or alarm. —v. t. [feared (ferd), fearing.] To feel a painful appre- hension of, be afraid of, dread; to have a reveren- tial awe of, venerate. — v. i. To be in apprehension of evil, be afraid. — Fear'ful, -ful, a. Full of fear; afraid ; easily frightened ; indicating, or caused by fear; inspiring fear; horrible ; shocking; awful. — Fearless, a. Free from fear; bold; daring; heroic. Feasible, 1'e'zT-bl, a. Capable of being effected; prac- ticable. — Fea'sibleness, -sibiKity, -tT, n. Feast, fest, n. A festival; holiday; a solemn or joyous anniversary; a festive meal; banquet; something delicious or highly agreeable, — v. i. To eat sump- tuously; to be highly delighted. — v. t. To entertain with sumptuous provisions; to delight, gratify lux- uriously. — Fes'tal, -tive, -tiv, a. Pert, to a holi- day or feast; joyous; gay. — Fes'tival, -tT-val, a. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r FEAT 141 FELON Festal, — n. A time of feasting or celebration; a civil or religious anniversary. — Festivity, -tT, n. Condition of being festive; a festive celebration; festival.— Fete, fat, n. A festival; holiday. — v. t. To feast; to honor with an entertainment. Feat, f et, n. An act; deed; exploit; a striking act of strength, skill, or cunning; a trick.— Featly, adv. Neatly; dexterously; adroitly. — Feafure, fe'chur, n. Make, form, or appearance of a person; esp. food appearance; cast or appearance of the human ace, esp. of any single part of the face; a lineament; structure of anything; marked peculiarity. Feather, fetb/er, n. One of the growths, generally formed each of a central quill and a vane on each side of it, which cover a bird; a plume; pen. —v. t. [feathered (-erd), -ering.] To dress in feathers; to furnish (an arrow, cap, etc.) with feathers ; to adorn, deck; to tread, as a cock. — v. i. To become feathered or horizontal; to curdle wben poured into another liquid, and float in feather-like flakes. Featly, Feature. See under Feat. Febrile, fe-'bril or feblil, a. Pert, to, indicating, or derived from fever.— Feb'rifa'cient, -shent, Febrif- ic, a. Producing fever. — Feblifuge, -rT-fuj, n. {Med.) A medicine serving to remove fever. — a. Having the quality of subduing fever: anti-febrile. February, feb'roo-a-rt, n. The 2d month in the year, —containing, in common years, 28 days, in bissex- tile or leap year, 29 days. Feces, Faeces, fe'sez, n. pi. Excrement; ordure; also dregs, settlings, sediment. — Fe'cal, a. Pert, to, or containing, etc. — Fec'ula, -u-la, n. Any pulveru- lent matter obtained from plants by simply break- ing down the texture, washing with water, and sub- sidence ; esp. nutritious part of wheat ; starch or farina ; green matter of plants. — Fec'ulent, a. Foul with extraneous or impure substances ; dreggy ; turbid. Fecund, fek'- or fe'kund, a. Fruitful in children; prolific— Fec'undate, v. t. To make fruitful or prolific ; to impregnate. — Feeun'dity, -dT-tY, n. Quality or power of producing fruit or young ; power of germinating, as in seeds; fertility; rich- ness of invention. Fed. See Feed. Federal, fed'er-al, a. Pert, to a league, contract, or treaty; composed of states retaining only a subordi- nate sovereignty. — Fed'eral, -alist, n. An advocate of confederation; esp. (Amer. Hist.), a friend of the Constitution of the II. S. at its formation and adop- tion. — Federalism, -izm, n. The principles of Federalists. — Fed'orate, a. United by compact, as states or nations; leagued; confederate. — Federa'- tion, n. Act of uniting in a league; a league, con- federacy. — Federative, -tiv, a. Uniting; joining in a league. Fee, fe, n. Property; possession; reward for services, esp. payment for professional services ; charge. (Feud. Law.) A right to the use of a superior's land, as a stipend for services to be performed; land so held; a fief. (Eng. Law.) An estate of inherit- ance supposed to be held either mediately or imme- diately from the sovereign. (Amer. Law.) An es- tate of inheritance belonging to the owner, without condition attached to the tenure. — v. t. [feed (fed), feeing.] To reward for services, recompense, hire, bribe. — Fee'-farm, n. (Law.) Land held of another in fee, at an annual farm or rent; estate in fee-simple, subject to a perpetual rent. — sim'ple, n. An absolute fee; fee without conditions or lim- its. — Fief, fef, n. An estate held on condition of military service ; fee ; feud.— Feoff, f Cf . n. A fief. — v. t. [feoffed (feft), -fing.] To invest with a fee or feud; to enfeoff. — Feud, Feod, fud, n. A stipen- diary estate in land, held by service; fief ; fee. — Feud'al, Feod'al, a. Pert, to, consisting of, or founded on, etc. — Feudality, -tt, n. State or quality of being feudal ; feudal form or constitu- tion.— Feud'ary, -atary, -atory, -rl, a. Held by feu- dal tenure.— Feu 7 daliza'tion, n. Act of reducing to, etc. — Feud'alism, -izm, n. The feudal svstem. Feeble, fe'bl, a. [feebler, -blest.] Deficient in strength; wanting force or efficiency in action or expression; infirm; languid; imbecile ; faint. Feed, fed, v. t. [fed, feeding.] To give food to, supply with nourishment, fill the wants of, satisfy; to graze; to cause to be cropped by feeding; to give for food, furnish for consumption. (Mach.) To supply with materials, as a printing press with paper; to subject to operation, as the work, or the tool, in machines. — v. i. To take food, eat; to sub- sist by eating, prey ; to pasture, graze. — n. That which is eaten by beasts; provender; fodder; a pas- ture ground; allowance given to a horse, cow, etc.; water supplied to steam-boilers. (Mach.) The parts that move the work to the cutting-tool, or the tool to the work. — Feed'er, n. One who gives food; one who, or that which feeds a machine; one who fur- nishes incentives, eats or subsists, or fattens cattle for slaughter; a fountain or channel that supplies a main canal with water; a branch railroad wnich increases the business of the main line. (Mining.) A side branch of a vein that passes into a lode. Feel, fel, v. t. [felt, feeling.] To perceive by the touch, examine by touching ; make trial of, test ; to perceive within one's self, experience, be affected by ; to have an inward persuasion of. — v. i. To have perception by the touch or nerves of sensa- tion; to have the sensibilities moved; to perceive one's self to be, — followed by an adjective descri- bing the state, etc. ; to know with feeling, know certainly; to appear to the touch, give a perception. — n. Feeling; sensation communicated by touching. — FeeFer, n. One who, or that which, feels. (Nat. Hist.) One of the organs with which certain ani- mals try objects by the touch; a palp. A proposal, observation, etc., to ascertain the views of others. — Feeling, p. a. Possessing, or expressive of, great sensibility ; sensitive. — n. The sense ; sense of touch; an act or state of perception by touch; con- sciousness; capacity of the soul for emotional states; state or condition of emotion ; any mental state ; sentiment; agitation; opinion. — Feelingly, adv. In a feeling manner ; affectingly. Feet. See Foot. Feign, fan, v. t. [feigned (fand), feigning.] To imagine ; to assert by a fiction, pretend ; to make a show of, counterfeit. — Feint, fant, n. That which is feigned; a pretense; a seeming aim at one part when another is to be struck. — v. i. To make a mock attack. Feldspar, feld'spar, Fel'spar, n. (Min.) A crystal- line mineral, vitreous in luster, and breaking in two directions : it consists of silica, alumina, and potash. Felicity, fe-lis'Y-tY, n. State of being happy; blessed- ness; that which promotes happiness; a gratifying event; bliss; beatitude.— Felicitous, -tus, a. Hap- py; skillful ; well applied or expressed; appropri- ate. — Felicitously, adv. — Felicitate, -tat, v. t. To make happy, delight; to express pleasure to, con- gratulate. — Felic'italion, n. Congratulation. Feline, felln, n. Pert, to the cat. Fell. See under Fall. Fell, fel, a. Cruel; inhuman; fierce; ravenous, bloody. Fell, fel, n. A skin or hide of a beast. Fell, fel, n. A hill ; range of hills ; mountain-side ; low, marshy, wild land. Felloe. Same as Felly. Fellow, fello, n. One who follows ; an adherent ; companion ; associate ; a man without good breed- ing or worth ; an equal in power, rank, character, etc. ; one of a pair ; a mate ; a person ; individual ; one of the associates in an English college, admitted to share in its revenues ; a member of a literary or scientific society or corporation ; one of the trustees of a college. — Fellowship, n. State or relation of being a fellow or associate ; familiar intercourse ; a state of being together; partnership; an association; company. (Eng. Universities.) A foundation for the maintenance of a resident scholar. (Arith.) Rule for dividing profit and loss among partners. Felly, fellT, Felloe, -lo, n. A curved segment of the rim of a wheel, between the spokes and tire. Felon, feKon, n. (Law.) One who has committed felony. One guilty or capable of heinous crime ; crim- inal ; malefactor. (Med.) A whitlow; paronychia; inflammation of a finger or toe. — a. Malignant; fierce; traitorous; disloyal.— FeKony, -nY, n. (Eng. Law.) An offense which occasions forfeiture of lands or goods at the common law, and to which sun, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. FELSPAR 142 FIANCE capital or other punishment may be added. A hei- nous crime ; esp. one punishable by death or impris- onment. — Felo'nious, -nY-us, a. Having the qual- ity of felony ; malicious ; villainous ; perfidious. — Fe'lo-de-se', n. A self-murderer ; a suicide. Felspar. See Feldspar. Felt. See Feel. Felt, felt, n. Cloth or stuff of wool, or wool and fur, not woven, but wrought into a compact substance by rubbing or beating ; a hat made of wool. — v. t. To make into, or cover with, felt. — Felt'ing, n. Material of which felt is made; felt-cloth. Felucca, fe-luk'ka, u. (N~aut.) A vessel, with oars and lateen sails, used in the Mediterranean. Female, fe'mal, n. One of the sex that bears young. (Bot.) A plant which bears the pistil, is impreg- nated by pollen of male flowers, and produces fruit. — a. Pert, to the sex which conceives and gives birth, or to an individual of the female sex ; char- acteristic of the sex ; feminine. (Bot.) Having pistils and no stamens; pistillate. — Fem'inine, -T- nin, a. Pert, to woman; womanish; womanly; hav- ing the qualities of a female; modest, graceful, affec- tionate, confiding ; lacking manly force or vigor, ef- feminate. (Gram.) Having a form belonging esp. to words which are epithets of females. — Feminin'- ity, -tT, n. Quality or nature of, etc. Femoral, fem'o-ral, a. Pert, to the thigh. Fen, fen, n. Boggy land ; moor ; marsh. Fence, fens, »'. That which fends off attack or dan- ger ; a wall, hedge, or other inclosing structure about afield, etc., esp. a wooden barrier; self-defense by the use of the sword ; fencing, — v. t. [fenced (fenst), fencing.] To fend off danger from, pro- tect, guard ; to inclose with a fence or other protec- tion. — v. i. To make a fence, give securitj' ; to de- fend one's self by the swovd. — Fen'cible, -sT-bl, a. Capable of being defended, or of making or afford- ing defense, — n. (Mil.) A soldier enlisted for the defense of the country, and not liable to be sent abroad. — Fen'cing, n. Art of self-defense with the sword ; materials for making fences ; a system of fences. Fend, fend, v. t. To keep off, shut out. — v. i. To act in opposition, resist, parry. — Fend'er, n. One who, or that which, etc. ; esp". a metallic frame to hinder coals of fire from rolling to the floor; a buffer to prevent a vessel from striking against a wharf or another vessel. Fenian, fe'nT-an, n. A member of an organization for the overthrow of English rule in Ireland. Fennel, fen'nel, n. A plant of various species, culti- vated for its carminative seeds, or as a salad plant. Feod, Feoff, etc. See under Fee. Ferment, fer'ment, n. That which causes fermenta- tion ; heat ; tumult. — Ferment', v. t. To cause fer- ment or fermentation in. — v. i. To undergo fermen- tation, work, effervesce; to be active or excited.— Fermenta'tion, n. That effervescent change of or- ganic substances by which their starch, sugar, glu- ten, etc., under the "influence of moisture, air, and warmth, are decomposed and their elements recom- bined in new compounds ; active state of the intel- lect or feeling's. Fern, fern, n. (Bot.) An order of cryptogamous plants, having their fructification on the back of the fronds or leaves. Ferocious, fe-ro'shus, a. Indicating cruelty; ravenous; fierce; savage; bar- barous. — Ferociousness, Feroc'ity, -ros'I-tY^ 11. State of being, etc. — Fierce, fers, a. Furious ; violent ; im- petuous, as beasts, storms, etc. ; exces- sively eager or ardent ; vehement in cruelty; fell. Ferreous, fer're-us, a. Partaking of, v Pr „ made of, pert, to, or like, iron. — For'- -tern, rate, -rat, n. (Cliem.) A salt consisting of ferric acid in combination with a base. — Fer'ric, a. Pert, to, or extracted from, iron. — Fer^rous, -rus, a. Pert, to, or derived from, etc.,— said of compounds containing less iron than ferric compounds. — Fer- ruginous, -rob / 'ji:-nus, a. Partaking of, or contain- ing particles of", iron ; resembling iron-rust in ap- pearance or color. Ferret, fe'r'ret, n. An animal of the weasel kind. — v. t. [ferreted, -eting.J To drive or hunt out of a hiding place ; to search carefully. Ferret, ferret, n. A kind of narrow tape. Ferret, fer' ret, n. (Glass Mamif.) The iron used to try melted matter, to see if it is fit to work, and to make the rings at the mouths of bottles. Ferrule, feVril or fer'rool, n. A ring of metal round the end of a cane, handle, etc., to prevent splitting. Ferry, fer'rT, v. t. [-ried (-rid), -rying.] To trans- port over a river or other water, in a boat. — v. i. To pass over water in a boat. — n. A vessel in which passengers and goods are conveyed over water ; a wherry ; place where persons or things are carried across water, in ferry-boats ; right of carrying per- sons, animals, or goods across water, for hire. Fertile, feVtil, a. Producing fruit in abundance; pro- lific ; productive ; rich. (Bot.) Capable of produ- cing fruit. — Fer'tileness, -til'ity, n. State of be- ing, etc. — Fertilize, -hz, v. t. [-lized (-lizd), -li- zing.] To make fertile, fruitful, or productive ; to enrich. — Fer'tiliza'tion, ». Act or process of, etc. Ferule, f er'ril or f er'rool, n. A flat piece of wood, for punishing children.— v. t. [feruled (-rild or -ruld), -ULING.] To punish with a ferule. Fervent, ier'vent, a. Hot; boiling; warm in feeling; ardent in temperament ; earnest ; vehement ; ani- mated. — Fer'vently, adv. — Fer'vency, -sT, n. State of being, etc. — Fer'vid, a. Very hot; burning; boil- ing; ardent; vehement; zealous. — Fer'vor, -ver, n. Heat ; excessive warmth ; intensity of feeling or ex- pression; zeal. Festal, Festival, Festive, etc. See under Feast. Fester, fes'ter, v. i. [-tered (-terd), -tering.] To grow virulent, corrupt, rankle, suppurate; to become malignant and invincible, — said of passions. —v. t. To nurse, as something that rankles. — n. A sore which rankles and discharges corrupt matter; a pus- tule; a festering or rankling. Festoon, fes-toon', n. A garland, wreath, etc., hang- ing in a curve. — v. t. [festooned (-toond'), -tooning.] To form in, or adorn with, festoons. Fetal. See under Fetus. Fetch, fech, v. t. [fetched (fecht), fetching.] To go and bring; to get; to bring, — as, to obtain as price or equivalent, sell for; or, to recall ^ebtoon. from a swoon; or, to reduce, throw; to bring to ac- complishment, make, do; to reach, arrive at, attain. — v. i. To bring one's self, move, arrive. — n. A stratagem ; trick ; artifice ; apparition of a living person. Fete. See under Feast. Fetid, fefid, a. Having an offensive smell; stinking. — Fe'tor, -t6r, n. A strong, offensive smell; stench. Fetlock, fet'lok, n. The part of the leg where the tuft of hair grows behind a horse's pastern joint. See Horse. Fetter, fefter, n. A chain for the feet; anything that confines ; a restraint. — v. t. [fettered (-terd), -tering.] To put fetters on, shackle, bind; to im- pose restraints on, confine. Fetus, fe'tus, n. ; pi. Fetuses, -ez. The growing em- bryo of a viviparous animal, esp. an unborn child. — Fe'tal, a. Pert, to, etc. Feud, fud, «. A combination of kindred to revenge injuries to any of their blood, on the offender and all his race ; an inveterate strife between families, clans, or parties in a state ; deadly hatred ; contest. Feud, Feudal, Feudalism, etc. See under Fee. Feuilleton, le'ye-tawjj, n. A part of a French news- paper, devoted to light literature, criticism, etc. Fever, fe'ver, n. (Med.) A diseased state of the sys- tem, marked by increased heat, acceleration of the pulse, and a derangement of the functions. Strong excitement of any kind ; a season of excitement. — Fe'verish, a. Affected by; pert, to, indicating, or like, fever. Few, fu, a. Not many; small, limited, or confined in number, —indicating a small portion of units con- stituting a whole. Fez, fez, n. A red, brimless cap, worn by Turks, etc. Fiacre, fe-a'kr, n. A French hackney-coach. Fiance, n. m. ; -cie, fe-aN'sa, n. f. One betrothed. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, te"rm ; in, Ice ; Sdd, tone, or ; FIASCO 143 FILE Fiasco, fe-as'ko, n. (Mus.) A failure in a musical performance. A failure of any kind. Fiat, fl'at, n. A command to do something. Fib, fib, re. A lie or falsehood. — v. i. [fibbed (fibd), -bing.] To lie, speak falsely. Fiber, -bre, fi'ber, n. One of the delicate, thread-like portions of which tissues of plants and animals are partly constituted; any fine thread, or thread-like substance; esp., one of the rootlets of a plant. See Root.— Fi'brous, -brus, a. Having, or consisting of, fibers. — Fi'bril, n. A small fiber; branch of a fiber. — Fibrillose, rt-biiK- or fib'ril-los, a. Composed of fibrils. — Fibril'lous, -lus, a. Pert, to, or formed of small fibers, as the cap of a mushroom. — Fi'brine, -brin, n. (Chem.) A peculiar organic compound found in animals and vegetables, and also contained in the clot of coagulated blood. Fibula, fib r u-la, n. ; yl. -L/E, -le. A clasp or buckle. (Anat.) The outer and smaller bone of the leg. (Surg.') A needle to sew up wounds. Fichu, le-shoo', n. A cape, usually of lace, worn by ladies over neck, bosom, and shoulders. Fickle, fik'l, a. Liable to change or vicissitude; of changeable mind ; wavering ; irresolute; unstable; mutaDle; capricious. Fictile, fik'til, a. Molded into form by art.— Fic'tion, -shun, n. Act of feigning, inventing, or imagining; thing invented or imagined, esp. a feigned story ; fabrication ; falsehood.' — Fictitious, -tish'us, a. Feigned ; counterfeit ; false. — Fig'ment, n. An in- vention; fiction. Fid, fid, n. (Naut.) A bar of wood or iron, to support the topmast. A bar or pin, to support or steady anything; a tapering pin, to open the strands of a rope in splicing. Fiddle, fid r dl, n. (Mus.) A stringed instrument of music ; violin ; kit. (Bot.) A perennial plant, a species of dock. — v. t. [fiddled (-did), -dling.] lo play on a violin; to shift the hands often, like a player on a fiddle, and do nothing ; to tweedle, trifle. — Fid'dler, n. A player on, etc.; a kind of small crab. — Fid' die-stick, n. The bow for playing on, etc. — Fid'dle-dee-dee', interj. An exclamatory phrase, equivalent to Nonsense ! — Fid'dle-fad'dle, n.' A trifle; trifling or fussy talk; nonsense. Fidelity, fl-deKT-tt, n. Faithfulness ; adherence to right; esp., adherence to a person or party to which one is bound; loyalty; adherence to one's promise; veracity; honesty; adherence to the marriage con- tract; integrity; faith; fealty. Fidget, fij'et, v. i. To move uneasily one way and the other. — n. Irregular motion; uneasiness; one who fidgets. — Fid'gety, -T, a. Restless. Fiducial, fT-du'shal, a. Having faith or trust; con- fident; undoubting; of the nature of a trust; fidu- ciary. — Fidu'ciary, -shT-a-rT, a. Confident ; un- doubting ; firm ; holding, held, or founded, in trust. — n. One who holds a thing in trust for another; a trustee. (Theol.) One who depends for salvation on faith, without works. Fie. fi, interj. An exclamation denoting contempt. Fief. See under Fee. Field, feld, n. Felled ground ; cleared land ; place where a battle is fought; battle; an open space; wide extent ; an expanse. (Her.) The surface of the shield; any blank space or ground on which figures are drawn. A collective term for all the riders in a hunting field, fielders in cricket, or com- petitors in any contest, —v. i. In games of ball, to stand out in the field, to catch balls. — Field'er, n. A player in cricket or base-ball who catches balls struck by the batsman- — Field'-book, n. A book for entries of measurements taken in the field, in surve3'inZ. available resources. — Finan'c- .».,-> >»i. a. Pert, to finance or public revenue. — F :~>' , ..'st, n. One skilled in financial matters.— : . • :.. _ly, adv.— Financier', -ser', n. An officer \ ..osi ...misters the public rev- enue; one skilled in financial operations, —v. i. To conduct financial operations. Finery, Finesse, etc. See under Fine, a. Finger, fin'ger, n. One of the 5 terminating members of the hand; a digit; also, one of the 4 extremities of the hand, excluding the thumb; the breadth of a finger; skill in the use of the fingers, as in music. — v. t. [fingered (-erd), -ering.] To touch with the fingers, handle; to perform on, or with, the fingers; to touch lightly; to pilfer, purloin, — v. i. (Mus.) To use the fingers in playing on an instrument. Finial, Finis, Finish, etc. See under Final. Finical, etc. See under Fine, a. Fiord, f'T6rd (one syllable), n. A bay or inlet. Fir, fer, n. A tree allied to the pines. Fire, fir, n. Evolution of light and heat in the com- bustion of bodies ; combustion : state of ignition; fuel in combustion, as on a hearth or in a furnace; the burning of a house, etc.; conflagration; ardor of passion ; warmth of imagination ; enthusiasm ; discharge of fire-arms. — v. i. [fired (fird), firing.] To set on fire, kindle; to inflame, irritate; to ani- mate, give life or spirit to; to cause to explode, dis- charge. (Far.) To cauterize, — v. i. To take fire, be kindled, kindle; to be irritated or inflamed with am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, 5ve, tSrm ; Tn, Ice ; 8dd, tone, 8r ; FIRKIN 145 FLAME passion; to discharge fire-arms. — Ffery, -gr-i, a. Consisting of, like, or heated by, fire; ardent; impet- uous; irritable; fierce. — Fire'-alarm', n. An alarm given of a conflagration; apparatus forgiving alarm, as by telegraphic signals. — arm, n. A weapon which acts by the force of gunpowder, — -clay, n. A kind of clay, chiefly pure silicate of alumina, capable of sustaining intense heat. — fly, n. A winged, lumin- ous insect; an Amer. beetle giving intermittent light from the abdomen; a W. Ind. beetle which emits a brilliant light from a spot on each side of the thorax, etc. — proof, a. Proof against Are; incombustible. — v. t. To render proof, etc— Fire'man, n. ; pi. -men. One whose business is to extinguish fires in towns; one who tends fires, as of a steam-engine. — Fire'side, n. A place near the fire or hearth; home; domestic life. Firkin, fer'kin, n. A measure of capacity, equal to 9 ale gallons, or 1\ imperial gallons; a cask of in- determinate size, — used chiefly for butter and lard. Firm, term, a. Fixed ; closely compressed ; not easily disturbed; unchanging in purpose; not giv- ing way; solid ; stable ; stanch ; sturdy ; resolute; constant. — n. The name, title, or style under which a company transact business; a partnership or house. — Firm' ly, adv. — Firm' ness, n. State or quality of being, etc. See Phrenology.— Fir'mament, n. The region of the air; sky or heavens. Firman, fgr'man or ier-man', n. ; pi. -mans. A de- cree of the Turkish or other Oriental government. First, ferst, a. Preceding all others of a series or kind; placed in front of all others; foremost; most eminent, exalted, or excellent; primary; primordial; original; highest ; chief; principal.— adv. Before anything else in time, space, rank, etc.,— used in composi- tion.— n. (Mus.) The upper part of a duet, trio, etc.— Firstly, adv. In the first place; to commence. Firth. Same as Frith. Fisc, flsk, n. The treasury of a prince or state.— Fisc r - al, a. Pert, to the public revenue. Fish, fish, n. ; pi. Fishes, -ez, for which the sing, is often used collectively. An animal that lives in water. (Zobl.) An oviparous, vertebrate animal, breathing by gills or branchiae, and living almost entirely in the water. The flesh of fish, used as food. — v. i. [fished (fisht), fishing.] To attempt tp catch fish; to seek to obtain by artifice, —v. t. To catch, draw out or up ; to search by raking or sweeping. (Naut.) To strengthen, as a mast or yard, with a piece of timber. {Railroad Engirt.') To splice, as rails, with a fish-joint. — Fish/y, -I, a. Consisting of, like, or full of, etc.; dubious; extrava- fant, like fishermen's stories. — Fisb/-ball, n. A ried cake, made from chopped fish, mashed pota- toes, etc. — glue, n. Isinglass. — hook, n. A hook for catching fish. „ — -joint, n. (Rail- J| roads.) A splice JjMff gWifbl ffo] tfol So] consisting offish- ^WT la^ 1 feJ ft^ Ig plates bolted to ^ the sides of adja- c e n t rails. — Fish-joint. -plate, n. One of the wrought-iron plates for spli- cing rails. — mon'ger, n. A seller of fish. — skin, n. (Pathol.) A disease in which the skin becomes thickened, hard, and scaly. Fissile, fis'sil, a. Capable of being split, cleft, or divided in the direction of the grain, or of natural joints. — Fis'sure, fish' er, n. A cleft; longitudinal opening. Fist, fist, n. The hand with the fingers doubled into the palm. — v. t. To strike with the fist. Fistula, fist'u-la, n. ; pi. -L.«,-le. A reed; pipe. (Swg.) A deep, narrow, chronic abscess. An abnormal open- ing from one internal organ to another, caused by ulceration or accident. Fit, fit, a. Adapted to an end, object, or design; suitable by nature, art, or culture ; suitable to a standard of dutv, propriety, or taste; proper ; be- coming; expedient; apt; adequate, — v. t. To make fit or suitable, adapt to the purpose intended, quali- fy; to bring into a required form; to furnish duly; to be suitable to, answer the requirements of. —v. i. To be proper or becoming, of the right size, or ad- justed to the desired shape; to suit. — n. Adjust- ment. (Ifachj) Coincidence of parts in contact. — Fit'ly, adv. Properly. — Fit'ness, n. Fit, fit, n. A sudden and violent attack of a disorder; a convulsion; paroxysm; attack of disease; an at- tack of anything which masters one for a time; a passing humor; impulsive action; a sudden emis- sion; a song, strain, canto. — Fit'ful, -ful, a. Full of fits; irregularly variable; unstable. — Fi't'fully, adv. Fitch. Same as Vetch. Five, fiv, n. A number next greater than 4, and less than 6 ; the sum of 4 and 1 ; a symbol representing this number, as 5 or "V.— a. 4 and 1 added ; 1 more than 4. — Fifth, a. Next after the 4th; being one of 5 equal parts. — n. The quotient of 1 divided by 5; one of 5 equal parts. — Fifth'ly, adv. In the 5th place. —Fifteen, -ten, a. 5 and 10: 1 more than 14. — n. The sum of 5 and 10; a symbol representing this number, as 15, or XV. — Fifteenth, a. Next after the 14th ; being one of fifteen equal parts. — n. One of 15 equal parts. — Fifty, -tT, a. 5 times 10. — n. 5 tens; sum of 49 and 1 ; symbol representing, etc., as 50, or L. — Fiftieth, a. Next after the 49th; being one of 50 equal parts. — n. Quotient of 1 di- vided by 50; one of 50 equal parts. Fix, fiks, v. t. [fixed (fikst), fixing.] To make firm, stable, or fast; to establish; to hold steadily; as the eye on an object, attention on a speaker, etc. ; to implant, pierce; to adjust, set to rights; place in the manner desired or most suitable, settle, determine, put in order. — v. i. To settle or remain permanent- ly, rest ; to become firm, cease to flow or to be fluid, become hard and malleable.— n. A difficult position; predicament; dilemma. — Fix'ture, -chur, n. That which is attached to something as a permanent ap- pendage ; fixedness. (Law.) Anything accessory annexed to houses and lands, so as to constitute a part of them. # Fizz, fiz, Fiz'zle, -zl, v. i. To make a hissing sound; to fail of success in an undertaking, bungle, —n. A failure, or abortive attempt. Flabby, flab'bi, a. Yielding to the touch, and easily moved or shaken; wanting firmness; flaccid. Flaccid, flak'sid, a. Yielding to pressure for want of firmness; soft and weak; limber; lax; flabby. Flag, flag, v. i. [flagged (flagd), -ging.] To hang loose without stiffness ; to be loose and yielding; to grow spiritless or dejected, lose vigor, droop, lan- guish, pine. — v. t. To let fall into feebleness. Flag, flag, F.-stone, n. A flat stone used for paving. — v. t. To lay with flat stones. — Flake, n. A film; flock ; lamina; layer ; scale ; a platform of hurdles, for drying codfish, etc. (Naut.) A stage hung over a ship's side, for workmen to stand on in calking, etc. — v. t. [flaked (flakt), flaking.] To form into flakes, — v. i. To separate in layers, scale off. Flag, flag, n. A cloth to wave in the wind, usually bearing a device and attached at one end to a staff; military or naval ensign or colors; banner; standard. (Bot.) An aquatic plant, with ensiform leaves, which flutter in the wind. — v. t. To signal to with a flag. Flagellate, flaj'el-lat, v. t, To whip; scourge. — Flag- ella'tion, n. A flogging; discipline of the scourge. — Flail, flal, n. An instrument for threshing or beat- ing grain from the ear. Flageolet, flaj'o-let', n. (Mus.) A wind-instrument, having a mouth-piece, and 6 principal holes. Flagf tious, fla-jish'us, n. Disgracefully or shame- fully criminal ; guilty of enormous or scandalous crimes or vices; atrocious; flagrant; abandoned. — Fla'grant, a. Flaming; burning; in preparation or performance ; raging ; flaming into notice ; notori- ous; flagitious; glaring; enormous. Flagon, flag'un, n. A vessel with a narrow mouth, for holding liquors. Flail. See under Flagellate. Flake, etc. See under Flag, a stone. Flambeau, flam'bo, n. ; pi. -beaux, -bo, or -beaus, -boz. A flaming torch, used in illuminations, etc. Flame, flam, n. A stream of burning vapor or gas; a blaze; burning zeal; passionate excitement or strife; warmth of affection ; a sweetheart. — v. i. [flamed (flamd), flaming.] To burn with rising, stream- ing, or darting fire; to blaze ; to break out in vio- lence of passion. — Flamingo, -min'go, n. A bird of sun, cube, full ; moon, i'dot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. 10 FLANK 146 FLESH a blight red color, having long legs and neck, and a beak bent down as if broken. Flank, flank, re. The fleshy part of an animal's side between the ribs and hip; see Beef, House. {Mil.) The side of an army: the extreme right or left. {Fort.) That part of a bastion which reaches from the curtain to the face, and de- fends the opposite face: see Bas- tion. {Arch.) The side of a build- ing. — v. t. [flanked (flankt), flanking.] lo stand at the flank or side of, border upon; to oyer- n aminiro . look the flank of, pass around or turn the flank of. — r. i. To border, touch; to be posted on the side. — Flange, flanj, n. A projecting edge or rim, as of a carwheel, to keep it on the rail, or of a casting, by which it may be fastened to some- thing else. — r. t. [flanged (flanjd), flanging.] {Mach.) To make a flange on. — v.i. To be bent into a flange, take the form of a flange. Flannel, flan/nel, n. A soft, nappy, woolen cloth, of loose texture. Flap, flap, n. Anything broad and limber that hangs loose, or attached by one side or end and easily moved ; the motion 'of such an object, or a stroke with it, or the noise made by a stroke. {Sur-g.) A piece of skin and flesh left attached to the stump in amputation, made to cover the end of the bone. pi. {Far.) A disease in horses' lips. — v. t. [flapped (flapt), -ping.] To beat with a flap, strike; to move, as something flap-like. — v. i. To move (wings, etc.) ; to fall and hang like a flap. Flare, flar, v. i. [flared (flard), flaring.] To burn with a glaring and waving flame ; to shine out with a sudden, unsteady light; to be exposed to too much light; to open or spread outward.—?!. An unsteady, broad, offensive light; leaf of lard. Flash, flash, n. A sudden burst of light ; momentary blaze, brightness, or show ; an instant ; very brie'f period ; the slang language of thieves, tramps, etc. — a. Low and vulgar; slang. — v. i, [flashed (flasht), flashing.] To break forth, as a sudden flood of light, show momentary brilliancy ; to burst forth with a flood of flame and light ; to make a quick and unexpected transit. — v. t. To send out in flashes, convey by a flame, or by a quick and start- ling motion. —Flash 'y, -Y, a. Dazzling for a mo- ment: showy; gaudy; insipid; vapid. Flask, flask, n. A narrow-necked vessel for holding fluids ; a powder-horn. {Founding.) A box con- taining the sand forming the mold. Flat, flat, a. Having an even and horizontal surface; lying at full length; level with the earth; prostrate; fallen ; laid low ; ruined ; wanting relief or variety ; monotonous ; lacking liveliness, — said of commer- cial exchange and dealings; depressed; dull; not re- lieved, broken, or softened; clear ; absolute ; down- right. {Mus.) Below the true pitch, — hence, as applied to intervals, minor, or lower by a half-step ; not sharp or shrill; not acute. {Proa.) "Uttered with voice instead of breath; spoken, in distinction from whispered ; vocal ; sonant, — said of certain conso- nants, as b, d, z, etc. — adv. Directlj' ; plainly. {Stock Exch.) Without allowance for accrued in- terest. — re, A level surface without elevation or prominences; a low, level tract of ground ; a shoal ; shallow ; strand ; a floor or story in a building ; a platform car on railroads : the flat part, or side, of anything; a dull fellow; simpleton. {Mus.) A char- acter [b] before a note, indicating a tone a half-step or semitone lower. — v. t. To make flat, flatten, level; to render dull, insipid, or spiritless; to depress in tone, as a musical note, esp., to lower in pitch by half a tone. — v. i. To become flat, or flattened. {Mus.) To fall from the pitch. — Flat'ten, -tn, v. t. [-tened (-tnd), -tening.] To level, make flat; to throw down ; to prostrate, depress, deject ; to make vapid or insipid. {Mus.) To lower the pitch of. — v. i. To become flat. Flatter, flat'ter, v. t. [-tered (-terd), -tering.] To gratify, coax, wheedle: to gratify the self-love, van- ity, and pride of; to please by artful commendation, Flax. or with false hopes. — Flafterer, n. — Flat'tery, -T, n. Act of, etc.; adulation; compliment; obsequious- ness. Flatulent, flafu-lent, a. Affected with gases in the alimentary canal; windy; generating wind in the stomach; turgid with air. — Flafulence, -lency, -si, n. State or condition of being, etc. Flaunt, fliint, v. i. To throw or spread out, move os- tentatiously. — v. t. To display ostentatiously. Flavor, fla'ver, n. Odor; fragrance; that quality of anything which affects the taste; relish; savor; that which imparts a peculiar odor or taste. — v. t. [fla- vored (-verd), -yoking.] To give flavor to. Flaw, flaw, n. A bursting or cracking; a breach; gap; fissure. {Naut.) A sudden gust. A tumult, quar- rel; any defect made by violence or neglect; blem- ish; imperfection; speck. — v.t. [flawed (flawd), flawing.] To break, violate. Flax, flaks, n. {Pot.) A plant having a single, slen- der stalk, with blue flowers: the fiber of the bark is used for making thread and cloth, called linen, cambric, laion, lace, etc.; linseed oil is expressed from the seed. The fibrous part of the flax plant, when broken and cleaned by hatcheling or combing. — Flax'en, a. Made of, or like, flax. — Flax'y, -1, a. Like flax; of light color; fair. — Flax'- comb, re. A toothed instrument through which flax is drawn in preparing it for spinning; a hatchel— -dress'er, n. One who breaks and swingles flax, or pre- pares it for the spinner. — Flax'seed, n. Seed of the flax plant; linseed. Flay, fla, v. t. [flayed (flad), flaying.] To skin, strip off the skin of. Flea, fle, n. A small insect remarkable for its agility and troublesome bite. Fleck, flek, re. A spot, streak, speckle, dapple.— v. t. [flecked (flekt), fleck- ing.] To spot, streak or stripe, variegate, dapple. — Flick, v. t. and i. [flicked (flikt), flicking.] To strike with a quick, light blow. — n. A slight blow, jerk. Fledge, flej, v. t. [fledged (flejd), fledging.] To supply with the feathers necessary -for flight, fur- nish with any soft covering. Flee, fle, v. i. or t. [fled, fleeing.] To run away, as f rom_danger or evil, escape. Fleece, fles, n. The coat of wool covering a sheep, or shorn from a sheep at one time; any soft woolly cov- ering — v. t. [fleeced (flest), fleecing.] To de- prive of a fleece; to strip of money or property, rob; to spread over as with wool. Fleer, fler, r. i. [fleered (flerd), fleering.] To make a wry face in contempt ; to deride, sneer, mock, gibe. — v. t. To mock, flout at. —n. Deris- ion; mockery. Fleet, flet, n. A navy or squadron of ships; esp. a number of ships of war. — o. Swift in motion ; nim- ble.— v.i. To fly swiftly, hasten. {Naut.) To slip (a rope or chain) down the barrel of a capstan or windlass. — v.t. To pass over rapidly; to cause to pass lightly, or in mirth and joy. {Naxit.) To draw apart the blocks of; to cause to slip down the barrel of a capstan or windlass.— Fleefness, n. Swiftness; celerity; speed. — Fleeting, p. a. Not durable; tran- sient; "transitory. — Fleet'-foot, a. Swift of foot; running, or able to run, rapidly. — Flotilla, -la, n. A little fleet, or fleet of small vessels. Flesh, flesh, n. The muscles, fat, etc., covering the framework of bones in animals; animal food; meat, esp. of beasts and birds used as food, disting. fr. fish; the human system; the body; the human race; mankind; human nature ; tenderness of feeling; tendency to physical pleasure: carnality. {Theol.) The soul uninfluenced by spiritual influences. Kin- dred; stock; race: the pulpy substance of fruit; part of a root, fruit, etc., fit to be eaten, —r. t. [fleshed (flesht), fleshing.] To feed (hawks, dogs, etc.) with flesh, as an incitement to exertion; to use (a sword, etc.) upon flesh, esp. for the fir6t time; to glut, accustom.— Flesb/y, -T, a. [-ier, -iest.] Plump; corpulent; gross. {Hot.) Composed of Arm pulp; succulent. — Fleshiness, re. — Fleshly, -IT, a. Pert. " am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r ; FLEUR-DE-LIS 147 FLOW to the flesh; corporeal; animal, not vegetable; hu- | man, not celestial, not spiritual; carnal; lascivious. I Fleur-de-lis, fier'de-le', n. The flower-de-luce ; iris, i (Her.) The royal insignia of France. Flew. See Fly. Flex, fleks, v. t. [flexed (flekst), flexing.] To bend. — Flex'ible, a. Capable of being bent; pliable: yield- ing to pressure: capable of yielding to others' influ- ence: too easy and compliant ; capable of being adapted: supple: ductile; obsequious; wavering. — Flex'ibleness, -ibil'ity, n. Condition or quality of being, etc. Flick. See under Fleck. Flicker, flik'er, v. i. [-eeed (-5rd), -ering.] To flut- ter, flap without flying, waver or fluctuate, like a flame in a current of air ; to blaze fitfully, as a dying fire or lamp. — n. Fluctuation; sudden and brief increase of brightness. (Ornith.) The golden- headed woodpecker, Yellow-hammer. Flier, Flight, Flighty. 'See under Fly. Flimsy, liim'zl, a. [-sier, -siest.] Weak; feeble; slight; vain; of loose and unsubstantial structure; without reason or plausibility; shallow. Flinch, flinch, v. i. [flinched (flincht), flinching.] To show signs of yielding or of suffering; to wince. Flinders, fhn'derz, n. pi. Small pieces or splinters. Fling, fling,, v. t. [flung, flinging.] To cast, send, or throw from the hand; to hurl, dart; to shed forth, emit; to prostrate, baffle, defeat. — v. i. To throw, wince, flounce; to cast in the teeth, utter harsh lan- guage; to throw one's self in a violent or hasty man- ner, rush. — n. A cast from the hand; a throw; a contemptuous remark; sneer; a kind of dance. Flint, flint, n. (3Iin.) A very hard variety of quartz, which strikes fire with steel, and is an ingredient in glass. A piece of flinty stone formerly used in fire- arms to strike fire.— Flint'y, -Y, a. [-ier, -iest.] Of, abounding in, or like, etc. — Flint'iness, n. Flip, flip, n. A mixture of beer and spirit sweetened and heated by a hot iron. Flippant, flip'pant, a. Of smooth, fluent, and rapid speech; voluble; talkative ; speaking confidently, without knowledge or consideration: pert: petulant. — Flip'pantness, -pancy, -si, n. — Flip'per, n. The paddle or limb of a sea-turtle, seal, etc.; broad fin of a fish. Flirt, flert, v. t. To throw with a jerk or quick effort, fling suddenly: to move playfully to and fro; to jeer at, treat with "contempt, — v. i. To act giddily, or to attract notice; esp. to play the coquette; to jeer or gibe. — n. A sudden jerk, darting motion, jeer; one who flirts; acoquette: a pert girl.— Flirta'tion, n. A flirting; a quick, sprightly motion; playing at court- ship: coquetry. Flit, flit, v. i. To fly with rapid motion, dart along, fleet; to flutter, rove on the wing; to pass rapidly from one place to another; to be unstable, be easily or often moved. — Flifter, n. A rag, tatter, frag- ment. — Flifter-mouse, n. A bat. Flitch, flich, n. The side of a hog salted and cured. Float, flot, n. Anything which rests on the surface of a fluid, esp. to sustain, move, or mark the position of some other thing; a raft; the cork on an angling line, to indicate the bite of a fish; float-board of a wheel; a quantity of earth, 18 feet square and 1 foot deep ; a wooden instrument with which masons smooth plastering on walls ; a single-cut file for smoothing. — v. i. To rest on the surface of a fluid; to be buoyed up ; to move quietly or gently on the water or through the air. — v. t. "To cause to rest or move on the surface of a fluid ; to flood, inun- date, overflow. (Plastering.) To pass over and level the surface of with a float dipped frequently in water. — Flota'tion, n. Act of, floating; science of floating bodies. — Flo'tant, a. (Her.) Streaming in the air. — Flot'sam, -son, n. (Law.) Goods lost by shipwreck and floating on the sea. Flock, flok, n. A company or collection of living things, esp. of sheep or birds; a Christian consrrega- tion.— v. i. [flocked (flokt), flocking.]" To gather in crowds. Flock, flok, n. A lock of wool or hair; finely pow- dered wool or cloth, used when colored for making flock-paper, pi. The refuse of cotton and wool, or the shearing of woolen-goods. — Floc'culent, a. Co- alescing and adhering in flocks, like wool. (Ontiih.) Pert, to the down of unfledged birds. Floe, flo, n. An extensive surface of ice in the ocean. Flog, flog, h. t. [flogged (flogd),' flogging.] To beat or strike with a rod; to whip, lash. Flood, flud, n. A body of moving water, esp. overflow- ing land not usually covered; a deluge; freshet: in- undation; the flowing in of the tide, — opp. to ebb; a great quantity; abundance: superabundance; the deluge in the days of Noah; a great body or stream of any fluid substance; menstrual discharge. — v. t. To overflow, inundate, deluge. Floor, flor, it. The solid surface of wood, etc., forming the bottom of a room, bridge, etc. ; the body of a public hall, disting. fr. platform, gallery, etc. ; a suite of rooms on a level in a house ; a story ; any platform or flooring. (Legis. Assemblies.) The part of the house assigned to the members ; the right to speak. (Navt.) That part of the bottom of a vessel most nearly horizontal. — r. t. [floored (fiord), flooring.] To cover with a floor; to strike down on- lay level with the floor ; to silence by some decisive argument. Flop, flop, v. r. [flopped (flopt), -ping.] To clap or strike, as a bird its wings, etc.; to spring up and fall heavily to the ground again, as a dying fish or fowl; to let down the brim of (a hat, etc.)' — v. i. To strike about with something broad and flat; to rise and fall.—?;. The sound made by a flat object falling upon a floor, etc. Flora, flo'ra, n. (Myth.) The goddess of flowers. (Boi.) The complete system of vegetable species native in a given locality, or period; a description of such plants. — Flo'ral, a. Pert, to Flora, or to flowers. (Bot.) Containing, or belonging to, the flower. — Flo'rist, n. A cultivator of, or writer on, plants. — Flores'cence, -sens, n. (Bot.) A bursting into flower; a blossoming.— Flo'ret, 11. (Bot.) A little flower; the partial or I separate little flower of an aggregate flower. — Flo'ricul'ture, -kuPchur, ; Cultivation of flowering plants.- Flor'id, flQr-, a. Covered with, or abounding in, flowers: bright in color; of a lively red color: embellished with flowers of rhetoric; excessively ornate. — Flor'in, n. Orig. a Florentine coin, with a lily on it; a coin of gold or sil- ver, of different values in different countries. Floss, flos, n. A downy or silken substance in the husks of maize, etc.; a fluid glass floating on iron in puddling-furnaces; untwisted filaments of silk.— Floss'-thread, n. Soft flaxen thread, for embroidery. Flotation, Flotsam, etc. See under Float. Flotilla. See under Fleet. Flounce, downs, v. i. [flounced (flownst), floun- cing.] To spring, turn, or twist with sudden ef- fort; to flounder, — n. Act of, etc.; a sudden jerk- ins motion of the body. — Floun'der, r. i. [-deked (-derd), -dering.] To plunge and struggle, as a horse in mire ; to fling the limbs and body, as in making efforts to move; to roll, toss, and tumble. Flounce, downs, n. A loose ruffle or flap, around the skirt of a lady's dress, — v. t. To deck with, etc. Flounder, flowii'der, n. A small, edible, tide-water flat-fish: when young it swims vertically, and has symmetrical eyes, but soon turns , on its side, and the under eye passes through its head. Flour. Flourish, etc. See under Flower. Flout, ttowt, v. t. To mock or in s u 1 1 ; to treat with contempt. — • insult. Flow, flo. v. i. Tflow Florets. Flounder. To sneer. — n. A mock, (flod), flowing.] To change place or circulate, as a liquid; to become liquid, melt; to glide smoothly or without friction, proceed, issue forth; to have or be in abundance, abound, be copious; to hang loose and waving; to rise, as the tide, — opp. to ebb; to discharge blood sun, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNbox, chair, get. FLOWER 148 FLY in excess from the uterus. — v. t. To cover with water, overflow, inundate, flood; to cover with var- nish. —re. A stream of water or other fluid; a cur- rent ; auy gentle, gradual movement of thought, diction, music, etc.; abundance ; copiousness; the tidal setting in of water from ocean to shore. Flower, flow'er, n. A circle of leaves ou a plant; a bloom or blossom. (Bot.) That part of a plant destined to produce seed, and including one or both of the sexual organs. The fairest, freshest, and choicest part of anything; a figure of speech; orna- ment of style. — v. i. [flowered (-erd), -erixg.] To blossom, bloom, produce flowers ; to come into the finest condition. — v. t. To embellish with flowers. — Flow'eret, n. A floret ; small flower. — Flow'ery, -er-I, a. Full of, etc.; highly embellished with figurative language; florid. — Flour, flowr, n. The finely ground meal of wheat or other grain ; fine, soft powder of any substance.— v. t. [floured (flowrd), flourixg.] lo grind and bolt; to sprinkle with flour. — Flour'y, -i, a. Of or like, etc. — Flour- ish, flerlsh, v. i. [-ished (-isht), -ishixg.] To grow luxuriantly, thrive; to be prosperous, be increased with good qualities; to use florid language, be copi- ous and flowery; to make bold and sweeping, fanci- ful, or wanton movements; to make ornamental strokes with the pen: to execute a fanciful strain of music, by way of ornament or prelude; to boast, vaunt, brag. — v. t. To cause to thrive, develop, ex- pand; to ornament with anything showy, embellish; to grace with ostentatious eloquence; to move in bold or irregular figures; to brandish. — n. Decoration; showy splendor; ostentatious embellishment; show; a fanciful stroke of the pen or graver; a fantastic or decorative musical passage; the waving of a weapon, etc.; brandishing. Flown. See Fly. _ Fluctuate, flukfu-at, v. i. To move as a wave, roll hither and thither; to move now in one direction and now in another, be irresolute or undetermined, waver, vacillate, scruple. Flue, flu, n. Light down, such as rises from beds, cotton, etc.; soft down, fur, or hair; fluff. — Fluff, n. Nap: down. Flue, flu, n. An air-passage, esp. for conveying smoke and flame from a fire. (Steam Boilers.) A passage surrounded by water, for the gaseous products of combustion, — disting. fr. tubes, which hold water, and are surrounded by fire: small flues are called fliie-tubes. Fluent, flu'ent, a. Flowing or capable of flowing, liquid; gliding; current; ready in the use of words; voluble; copious; smooth. — n. (Math.) A variable quantity, considered as increasing or diminishing, — called, in modern calculus, the function or in- tegral. — Flu'ency, -si, n. Quality of being, etc.— Fluid, a. Capable of flowing: liquid or gaseous. — n. A body whose particles move easily among them- selves.— Flume, flum, n. A stream; esp. a channel for water driving a mill-wheel, or used in gold-washing. Flugelman, flu'gl-nian, n. (Jlil.) The leader of a file; a fugleman. Fluke, fluk, n. (Raid.) The part of an anchor which fastens in the ground : see Anchor. One of the points of a whale's tail; in Eng., a shot accidentally made at billiards, called in U. S. a scratch ; any un- expected advantage. Flummery, flumlner-i, n. A light kind of food, for- j merly made of flour or meal; empty compliment. Flung. See Fling. Flunk, flunk, v. i. [flunked (flunkt), fluxkixg.] To fail, back out, through fear. — n. A failure. Flunky, flunk'!, n.- A livery servant; one who is ob- sequious or cringing; one easily deceived in buying stocks. Flurry, flurlY, n. A sudden blast or gust ; violent agitation; commotion; bustle; confusion. — v. t.\ [flurried (-rid), -eying.] To agitate, alarm. Hush, flush, v. i. [flushed (flusht), flushing.] To flow and spread suddenly, — v. t. To cause (game, etc.) to start ; to cleanse by inundating with a sud- den rush of water. — n. A sudden flowing; rush; a flock of birds suddenly started up; a run of cards of the same suit. — a. Full of vigor ; well furnished ; affluent; liberal; prodigal. (Arch, and Mech.) Form- I ing a continuous surface. Consisting of cards of the same suit. Flush, flush, v. i. To become suffused, as the cheeks; to turn red, blush: to shine suddenly, glow. — v. t. To redden suddenly, put to the blush ; to make glowing, redden; to animate with joy, elate, elevate. — n. A rush of blood to the face; blush; glow. Fluster, flus'ter, v. t. [-tered (-terd), -teeixg.] To make hot and rosy, as with drinking : to confuse, muddle. — n. Heat; agitation; disorder. Flute, flut, ?i. (Jlus.) A pipe used as a wind instru- ment, having on the side a mouth orifice and holes stopped by the fingers or by keys. (Arch.) A chan- j nel in a column or pillar ; fluting; reed. A channel or groove in wood or other work, or in plaited mus- lin, as a ladj''s rurfle. — v. t. To play or sing in a clear, soft note, like that of a flute; to"form flutes or channels in. — Flufed, p. a. Thin; fine; flute-like; formed with flutes. — Flutter, Flau'tist. flaw'-, Flutist, n. One who plays on the flute. — Fluting, ] n. A furrow in a column or in a lady's ruffle: fluted work. — Fluti'na, -te'na, n. A musical instrument resembling the concertina. Flutter, flutler, v. i. [-tered (-terd), -terixg.] To flap the wings rapidlv, without flying, or with short flights ; to move with quick vibrations or undula- I tions ; to move irregularly, fluctuate. — r- t. To vi- | brate or move quickly : to agitate, disorder, throw I into confusion. — n. Act of fluttering; quick and | irregular motion; hurry; confusion. Fluvial, flu'vT-al, -viatic, a. Pert, to rivers; growing I or living in streams or ponds. I Flux, fluks, n. Act of flowing ; quick succession ; change ; matter which flows, as tide setting in tow- , ard the shore ; state of being liquid. (Chem. & Metal.) Any substance used to promote fusion of i metals or minerals. (Med.) Discharge of a fluid \ from the bowels or other part ; esp., an excessive ; and morbid discharge ; matter thus discharged. — I v.t. [fluxed (flukst), fluxixg.] To fuse. — Flux'- i ion, fluk'shun, n. Act of flowing; matter that flows; | a constantly varying indication. Fly, fli, v. i. " [imp. flew (flu) ; p. p. flowx (flon) ; flyixg.] To move in the air with wings; to float or move in the air, as clouds, etc.; to move rapidly, like a bird ; to attempt to escape, flee ; to part, burst in pieces. — v. t. To shun, avoid; to cause to fly, set floating, as a kite. — n. (Entom.) A winged insect of various species, whose wings are transparent; esp. the house fly. A fish-hook dressed in imitation of a fly; a kind of light carriage; that part of a flag from the union to the extreme end. (Xaut.) That part of a compass on which the points are marked. (Mech.) A contrivance to equalize motion or ac- cumulate power in a machine. (Print.) One who takes sheets from the press ; that part of a power- printing press which receives the printed sheet and lays it aside.— Fli'ers, n. pi. Arms revolving around a bobbin on a spinning machine, which twist the sliver, etc., into roving, yarn, thread, etc., and wind it on the bobbin.— Fly'er, n. (Arch.) A step in a flight of stairs which are parallel to each other. — Fly r - blow, w. The egg of a fly. — v. t. To deposit an egg in, or upon, as a fly. — wheel, n. A wheel in ma- chinery that equalizes its movements, or accumu- lates power for a variable or intermitting resistance. See Steam Exgixe.— Flying-artillery, n. (Mil.) Artillery trained to rapid evolutions. fish, (Ichth.) A fish which for a short time, by its long pectoral fins. — -jib, n. (Xaut.) A sail outside of the standing-jib, on the flying-jib-boom. See Sails. — -jib-boom, n. (Xaut.) A spar ex- tending beyond the jib-boom. See Ship. — -squir'rel, n. (Zo'61.) A squirrel having an expansive skin on each side, reaching from the fore to the hind legs, by which it sustain itself in the air am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 2nd, eve, term ; in, ice ; Qdd, tone, FOAL 149 FOOT Act of flee- is borne up in leaping. — Flight, fl ing or flying ; hasty de- parture, mode of flying ; lofty elevation and ex- cursion; soaring; a num- ber of things passing- through the air together, esp. a flock of birds ; a reach of stairs from one landing to another. — Flighty, -*, a. Fleet- ins; swift; transient; in- TTl "- • 1 dulging in flights of im- Flying-squirrel, agination, humor, caprice, etc.; volatile ; giddy.— Flight 'mess, n. Foal, 151, n. A colt or filly. — v. t. & i. [foaled (told), foaling.] To bring forth, as a colt or filly. Foam, fom, n. An aggregation of bubbles on the sur- face of liquids alter violent agitation; froth; spume. — v. i. [foamed (fomd), foaming.] To froth, gather foam: to form or become filled with foam.— v. t. To throw out with violence; to cause to foam. Fob, fob, n. A watch pocket. Fob, fob, v. t. [fobbed (fobd), -bing.] To cheat, trick. Focus, fo'kus, n. ; E. pi. -cuses, -kus-ez ; L.pl. -ci, -si. (Opt.) A point in which the rays of light meet, after being reflected or refracted. (Geom.) A point on the principal axis of a conic section, such that the double ordinate to the axis through the point shall be equal to the parameter of the curve. A central point ; point of concentration. — v. t. To bring to a focus. — Fo'cal, a. Of, or pert, to, etc. Fodder, fodHer, n. Food for cattle, horses, and sheep, as hay, straw, and various vegetables. — v. t. [foddehed (-derd), -deeing.] To feed (cattle) with dry food, cut grass, etc. Fo8,"l'o, n. An enemy; hostile army; opponent. Foetus. Same as Fetus. Fog, fog, n. Vapor rising from water or wet land and obscuring the lower part of the atmosphere; mist; a cloud of dust or of smoke. — v. t. [fogged (fogd), -ging.] To envelop, as with fog; befog. — Fog'gy, -gt, a. [-gier, -giest.] Filled or abounding with, etc.; cloudy; misty; dull; obscure. Fog, fog, n. (Agric.) A second growth of grass; after- grass ; long grass that remains iu pastures till win- ter: dead grass in meadows, etc. Fogy, -gie, -gey, fo'gi, n. A dull old fellow; a per- son behind the times; a conservative. Foible, foi'bl, n. A particular moral weakness ; a failing; weak point; infirmity; frailty; defect. Foil, foil, v. t. [foiled (foild), foiling.] To render vain or nugatory, frustrate, baffle, balk. — n. Fail- ure of success when on the point of beina; secured ; defeat; miscarriage; a blunt sword, or one having a button at the end, — used in fencing. Foil, foil, n. A very thin sheet or plate of metal; a thin leaf of metal, placed under precious stones, to in- crease their brilliancy or give them color; anything of contrasting color or qualities, which sets oft' another thing to advan- tage. {Arch.) A leaf-like or- nament, in win- d o w s , niches, etc., called tre- foil, quatrefoil, -p n :i„ ( A,. r h \ quin que foil, toils. (Arch.) etc., according to the number of cusps it contains. Foist, foist, v. t. To insert surreptitiously, or without warrant; to interpolate; to pass off as genuine. Fold, f5ld, n. A doubling of a flexible substance : times or repetitions, — used with numerals, chiefly in composition, to denote multiplication orincrease; that which is folded together, or which infolds; em- brace. — v. t. To lap or lay in plaits ; to double : to lay (the arms, etc.) together; to inclose within folds. — r.i. To become folded. Fold, fold, n. A pen for sheep, etc. — v. t. To con- fine (sheep) in a fold. Foliaceous, io'lT-a'shus. a. (Bot.) Pert, to, or having the texture or nature of, a leaf; having leaves inter- mixed with flowers. (Min.) Consisting of leaves or laminas; of the form of a leaf or plate. — Fo'liage, -li-ej, n. A collection of leaves as produced by na- ture. (Arch.) The representation of leaves, flow- ers, and branches. — Folio r folT-o or foKyo, n. A sheet of paper once folded; a book made of sheets, each folded once; a page in a book; two opposite pages bearing the same serial number. (Law.) A leaf containing a certain number of words: a certain number of words in a writing. — a. Formed of sheets folded so as to make 2 leaves; of , or equal to, the size of 1 fold of a sheet of printing paper, when doubled so asto make 2 leaves. Folk, fok, n. People in general, or a separate class of people. Follicle, folli-kl, n. (Bot.) A simple pod opening down the inner suture ; a ves- sel distended with air. (Anat.) A little bag in animal bodies; a gland. Follow, folio, v. t. [-lowed (-lod), -lowing.] To go or come after; to go in pursuit of, strive to obtain ; to go with, as a leader, „ accept as authority, take as a follicle. (Bot.) rule of action; to copy after, take as an example; to succeed in order of time, rank, or office; to result from, as effect from cause, or inference from prem- ise; to watch, as a receding object; to keep the mind upon while in progress; to understand the meaning, connection, or force of; to attend upon closely, as a profession or calling. — v. i. To go or come after, pursue, attend, accompany, be a result, succeed. — Follower, n. One who follows; imitator; disciple; adherent; attendant. (Steam Eng.) The cover of a piston; a gland. (Mach.) Part of a machine that re- ceives motion from another part. — Following, a. Being next after; succeeding; ensuing. Folly. See under Fool. Foment, fo-menf, v. t. To apply warm lotions to; to instigate, cherish. and promote by excitements; to en- courage.— Fomentalion, «. (Med.) Act ol foment- ing, or of applying lotions or poultices ; the lotion applied to a diseased part; encouragement. Fond, fond, a. Orig. foolish, simple; foolishly tender and loving; doting; loving; tender: -much pleased. — Fondly, adv. — Fond'ness, n. — Fondle, fondl, v. t. [-led (-Id), -ling.] To treat with tenderness, caress. Font, n. Assorted type: see under Found. — A bap- tismal vessel: see under Fount. Fontanel, fon'ta-nel', Fonticluus, n. (Med.) An arti- ficial ulcer for the discharge of humors from the body. — Fon'tanel, n. (Anat.) A space between the bones of an infant's skull occupied by cartilaginous membrane. Food, food, n. What is fed upon; victuals; provisions; anything that sustains, nourishes, and augments ; aliment; sustenance; fare. Fool, fool, n. One destitute of reason; an idiot; one deficient in intellect; a simpleton, dunce. (Script.) A wicked person. A professional jester or buffoon. — v. i. [fooled (foold), fooling.] To act like a fool, trifle, toy. — v. t. l'o infatuate, make foolish; to make a fool of , impose upon, cheat. — FooKery, -er-T, n. Practice of folly: absurdity; act of folly or weakness: piece of absurdity or nonsense. — FooF- ish, a. Marked with, or exhibiting, folly; void of understanding; weak in intellect; exhibiting a want of judgment. — Fool'-hard'y, a. Daring without judgment; foolishly bold; rash; venturous; head- long. — Fool'hard'iness, n. — Fools'cap, n. A long folio writing paper, about 134 by 16\ inches. [Orig. made with a water-mark of "a fool's cap and bells.] — Folly, -IT, n. State of being a fool; want of sense; levity, weakness, or derangement of mind; a fool- ish act; weak conduct; foolery. Foot, fot>t, n. ; pi. Feet, fet. Ihe part of a leg below the ankle; lowest part or foundation; last of a row or series ; fundamental principle ; basis ; ordinary level or rank; a measure consisting of 12 inches. (Mil.) The foot-soldiers, infantry. (Pros.) A com- bination of syllables constituting a metrical element of a verse. — v. i. To tread to measure or music; to dance; to walk. — v. t. To strike with the foot, kick: to tread; to sum up, as numbers in a column; to add a foot to. — Footing, n. Ground for the foot; firm foundation to stand on; established place; relative siin, cube, full ; moon, f<56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. FOP 150 FORE condition; state; tread; esp. tread to measure; act of adding up a column of figures; sum total of such a column; act of putting a foot to anj-thing, or that whichis added as afoot; a plain cotton lace, without figures; the finer refuse part of whale blubber, not wholly deprived of oil. (Arch.) The broad founda- tion or base of a wall. — Foot '-ball, n. An inflated ball, kicked about; sport of kicking, etc. — hold, n. A holding with the feet ; that on which one may- tread securely. — man, n. ; pi. -MEN. A soldier who marches and fights on foot; a male servant who at- tends the door, carriage, table, etc. — pound, n. The dynamic unit, — being the amount of work done in raising 1 pound through 1 foot. — print, n. A trace or foot-mark. — sol'dier, n. A soldier who serres on foot. — sore, a. Having tender or sore feet, as from much walking. — step, n. Sound made by putting- down the foot; mark or impression of the foot; a track; visible sign of a course pursued; token. Fop, fop, n. A fellow vain and conceited or over nice and affected in dress or manners; a coxcomb; dandy. — Fop'pery, -per-T, «. The behavior, manners, dress, etc., of a fop; coxcombry; folly; impertinence; fool- ery. — Fop'pish, a. Fop-like; vain of dress; affected in manners; finical; spruce; dandyish. For, for, prep. In the place of; instead of; because of; by reason of; with respect to: concerning; in the direction of; toward; during; as being, etc., — indi- cating that in consideration of, or with reference to, which anything takes place, —conj. Because; since; because, introducing a reason of something before advanced, the cause, motive, explanation, etc., of an action related or statement made. — Forev'er, adv. To eternity ; eternally ; at all times ; continu- ally; incessantly; always; endlessly. Forage, f5r'ej, n. Act of providing food ; food for horses and cattle. — v. i. [foraged (-ejd), -aging.] To wander in search of food; to ravage, feed on spoil. — v. t. To strip of provisions, supply with forage. — Foray, Forray, fo-ra' or lQr'a, n. A sud- den incursion in border war; a raid.— v. t. To ravage. Forbear, f6r-bar', v. i. [imp. forbore (-bor') or Cob's.) fokbake; p. p. forborne; forbearing.] To re- frain from proceeding, pause, delay; to refuse, de- cline. — v. t. To avoid, abstain from; to treat with consideration, indulge, bear with.— Forbear'ance, n. Act of, or quality of being, forbearing; long-suffer- ing; patience; refraining; mildness. — Forbid', r.' t. [-BADE (-bad'); p. p. -BIDDEN Or (obs.) -BID ; -BID- DING.] To command to forbear, or not to do; to for- bid from entering or approaching; to oppose, ob- struct, prohibit, interdict, hinder, —v.i. To utter a prohibition, prevent. — Forbid'dance, n. Act of, or condition of being, etc. — Forbid'der, n. — For- bid'ding, p. a. Repelling approach; repulsive; un- pleasant; odious: abhorrent. — Forbore, -borne. See Forbear. — Forfend' or Forefend', r. t. To fend I off, avtrt. forbid, prohibit, defend, guard, secure.— Forego', v. t. [imp. forewent; p. p. -gone; -going.] To quit, leave, relinquish the enjoyment or advan- tage of, give up, resign, renounce. [See also under Fore.] — Forget', v. t. [imp. -got or (obs.) -gat; p. p. -got, -gotten; -getting.] To lose the remem- brance of; not to think of; to treat with inattention, slight, neglect. — To forget one's self. To be guilty of what is unworthy of one; to lose one's dignity, temper, or self-control. — Forget'ful, -ful. a. Apt to forget; heedless; careless; neglecttul. — Forget'ful- ness, n. Quality of being forgetful; loss of remem- brance or recollection ; oblivion; failure to bear in mind; careless omission. — Forget'-rrie^not', n. (Bot.) A small herb, bearing a blue flower, — the emblem of fidelity. — Forget'ter, n. — Forgive', -giv', v. t. [imp. -GAVE;_p._p. -given; -giving.] To cease to im- pute, remit, excuse; to cease to feel resentment against, absolve, pardon. — Forgiv'able, a. — For- give'ness, n. Aet of, or disposition or willingness to, etc.; pardon; remission. — Forgiv'er, n. — For- giv'ing, p. a. Disposed to forgive; mild; merciful; compassionate. — Forlorn', a. Deserted; lost: in pitiful plight; abject; pitiable.-Forlornhope. (Mil.) A detachment of men to lead in an assault, enter a breach, or perform service of uncommon peril. — Forsake', v. t. [imp. -SOOK (-sd6k); p. p. -sak'en; -sak'ing.] To quit or leave entirely, depart or withdraw from, abandon, desert, reject.— Forswear', -swar', v. t. [imp. -swore (-swor); p. p. -sworn; -swearing.] To reject or renounce upon oath; to renounce earnestly or with protestations; to deny upon oath.— v. i. To swear falsely, commit perjury. — Forswear'er, n. A perjurer. Force, fors, n. Strength or energy of body or mind; esp. power to persuade, convince, or impose obliga- tion; compulsory power; strength for war; a body of combatants. (Law.) Violence; validity; efficacy. (Physics.) Any action between 2 bodies" tending to change any physical relation between them. — v. t. [forced (forst), forcing.] To constrain to do, or to forbear, by exertion of power not resistible; to impress by force; to do violence to, esp. to ravish, violate; to obtain by strength, capture by assault; to impel, drive, wrest, extort, get, etc., by main strength; to exert to the utmost, strain, produce by unnatural effort; to provide with forces, garrison. For'cible, -sl-bl, o.*Pos , sessing force, efficiency, or energy; marked by excess- ive violence ; using force against opposition; ob- tained by compulsion ; pow- erful ; efficacious; potent; weighty; cogent. — For'ci- bly, adv. — Force'- or For'- cing-pump, n. A kind of pump used to throw water to a distance, or force it onward by direct action of the piston. Force, fors, v. t. (Cookery.) To stuff, lard.— Force'-meat, n. Meat chopped fine, seasoned, and used as stuffing. Forceps, ffjr'seps, ?i. A two-bladed ; instrument for grasping or trac- tion ; a pair of tonss or pincers, esp. for delicate operations, as Forcing-pump. those of watchmakers, dentists, i> > piston ; z>, de- e t C- hvery tube. Ford, ford, n. A place where a river, or other water, may be passed by wading; a stream; current, —v. t. To wade through. — Ford'able, a. Fore, for, a. Advanced in place or position; toward the front; forward; advanced in time; antecedent; advanced in order or series, — adv. In advance; at the front; in the part that precedes. — w. The front. — For'mer, a. compar. Preceding in time; ancient, long-past; prior; anterior; foregoing; first mentioned. — For'merly, -IT, adv. In time past; of old; hereto- fore. — Fore'most, «. First in place; chief in rank, dignity, etc. — For'ward, -wards, adv. Toward a part or place before or in front; onward; in advance; pro- gressively,— opp. to backward.— For'ward, o. Near or at the fore part; ready; prompt; willing; earnest; eager; over ready; less modest or reserved than is proper ; unusually advanced; precocious; prema- ture. — v. t. To help onward, advance, promote; to send forward, transmit. — For'warder, n. One who, etc.; esp. who transmits goods. — For'wardly. adv. — For'wardness, n. — Fore'-arm, v. t. To arm or prepare for attack or resistance before the time of need. — Fore-arm', n. (Anat.) That part of the arm between elbow and wrist. — Forebodo', v. t. To foretell, prognosticate; to have an inward convic- tion of, as of a calamity to happen; to presage, por- tend, betoken.— Forebod'er, n. — Fore'cast, v. t. [-cast; -casting.] To contrive beforehand, scheme, project; to foresee, provide against, — v. i. To con- trive beforehand. — Forecast', n. Previous contriv- ance or determination; foresight of consequences, and provision against them; prognostication.— Fore'- castle, -kas-sl, n. (Naut.) That part of the upper deck of a vessel forward of the foremast, or of the after part of the fore channels; in merchant vessels, the forward partof the vessel, under the deck, where the sailors live. See Ship. — Forecit'ed, -siL'ed, a. Cited or quoted before or above. — Foredoom', v. t. To doom beforehand, predestinate.— Fore'father, n. One who precedes another in the line of geneal- ogy ; an ancestor. — Fore'finger, -fin-ger, n. The fin- ger next to the thumb; the index. — Fore'foot, n. ; pi. -feet. One of the anterior feet of an animal. am, fame, far, pass or operi ; end, eve, t5rm ; in, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r ; FORE 151 FORM (Naut.) A piece of timber terminating the keel at the fore-end, and connecting' it with the stem. — Fore'front, -frunt, n. The foremost part or place. — Forego', v. t. [imp. -went; p. p. -gone; -going.] To so before, precede. [See also under Forbear.] — Foregone conclusion. One which lias preceded ar- gument or examination; one predetermined.— Fore'- ground, n. That part of the field of a picture which seems to lie nearest the spectator, or before the fig- ures. — Fore'hand, n. All that part of a horse be- fore the rider; the most important part; prudence; advantage. — Foro'handed, a. Early; timely; sea- sonable; not behindhand; in easy circumstances. — Fore'head, f'Or'ed, re. That part of the face from the usual line of hair on the top of the head to the eyes; the brow; assurance. — Forejudge', ?>. t. To judge before hearing the facts and proof, prejudge. (O. Eng. Law.) To expel from court for miscon- duct. —Foreknow', -no', v.t. [imp. -knew; p.p. -known; -knowing.] To have previous knowledge of, know beforehand. — Foreknow'er, n. — Fore- knowl'edge, -nol'ej, n. Knowledge of a thing be- fore it happens; prescience.— Fore'land, n. A prom- ontory or cape; head-land. (Fort.) A piece of ground between the wall of a place and the moat. — Fore'- lay', v. t. To contrive antecedently; to lie in wait for. — Fore'lock, n. The lock of hair growing from the forepart of the head. (Naut.) A flat piece of iron driven through the end of a bolt, to retain it in place. — To take time, or occasion, bn the forelock. To make prompt use of anything; not to let slip an opportunity. — Fore'man. n. ; pi. -men. The first or chief man, — as, the chief man of a jury, who acts as their speaker; chief of a set of hands employed in ward mast of a vessel; the one nearest the bow. See Ship. — Foremen 'tioned, -shund, o. Mentioned be- fore; recited in a former part of the same writing.— Fore'name, n. A name preceding the family name or surname; a first name. — Fore'named, -namd, «. Named or nominated before; mentioned before in the same writing. — Fore'noon, n. The former part of the day, from morning to noon. — Fore-ordain', v.t. To ordain or appoint beforehand; to predes- tinate, predetermine. — Fore-or'dina'tion, n. Pre- vious appointment; predestination. — Fore'part, n. The part most advanced, or first in time or in place, anterior part, beginning. — Fore'-plane, n. ( Carp.) The first plane used after the saw and ax; jack- plane.— Fore'rank, n. The first rank, front.— Fore- run', v. t. [imp. -KAN; p. p. -RUN; -RUNNING.] To run before, precede; to come before as an earnest of something to follow, announce. — Forerun'ner, n. A messenger sent before to give notice of the ap- proach of others ; a harbinger; sign foreshowing something to follow; prognostic. — Fore'sail, n. {Naut.) A sail extended on the fore-yard; the first triangular sail before the mast of a sloop or cutter. See Sail. — Foresee', v. t. [imp. -saw; p. p. -seen ; -seeing.] To see beforehand, see or know before occurrence, foreknow. — Foreseer', -ser', n. — Fore- shad'ow, v. t. To shadow or typify beforehand, prefigure. — Foreshort'en, -sh6rt'n, v. t. (Paint.) To shorten by representing in an oblique position; to represent as seen obliquely.— Foreshort'ening, n. The representation or appearance, or diminution of length, of objects viewed obliquely.— Foreshow', v. t. [?'mp -showed; p. p. -shown; p. pr. & vb. n. -showing.] To show or exhibit beforehand, prog- nosticate, foretell. — Foreshow'er, re.— Fore'side, n. The front side ; a specious outside. — Fore'sight, -sit, n. The act or power of foreseeing; prescience; foreknowledge; action in reference to the future; wise forethought. (Surv.) Any sight or reading of the leveling-staff, except the one backward, called the back-sight. — Fore'skin, n. (An at.) The skin that covers the plans penis ; prepuce.— Forestall', v. t. To take beforehand, anticipate; to pre-occupy; to exclude, hinder, or prevent, by prior occupation or by measures taken in advance ; to monopolize, engross. (Eng. Law.) To obstruct or stop up, as a way; to intercept on the road. — Forestall'er, n. One who purchases provisions before they come to market, to raise the price. — Foretaste', n. A taste beforehand ; anticipation. — Fore'taste, v. t. To taste before full possession, anticipate; to taste be- fore another. —Foretell', v. t. To tell before occur- rence, foretoken, foreshow, predict, augur. — r. i. To utter prediction or prophecy. — Foretell'er, n. — Fore'thought, -thawt, n. Anticipation; prescience; premeditation; provident care; forecast. — Foreto'- ken, -kn, v. t. To foreshow. — Fore'token, re. Prog- nostic; previous sign. — Fore'-tooth, re. ; pi. -teeth. (Anat.) One of the teeth in the forepart of the mouth; an incisor. — Fore'top, n. The hair on the forepart of the head ; fore-lock; that part of a head- dress that is forward. (Naut.) The platform at the head of the foremast. See Ship. — Forewarn', v. t. To warn beforehand, caution in advance, inform previously. Foreclose, for-kloz', v. t. [-closed (-klozd'), -clo- sing.] To shut up or out, preclude, stop, prevent, bar, exclude. — Foreclo'sure, -zhur, n. Act or pro- cess of foreclosing ; a process in law which bars a mortgager's right of redeeming a mortgaged estate. Foreign, for'in, a. Not native; extraneous; alien; remote; not pertinent; not appropriate; not agree- able; not admitted; excluded; outlandish; remote. — For'eigner, n. One of a foreign country ; an alien. — For'eignness, n. Forefend. See under Forbear. Forensic, fo-ren'sik, -sical, a. Pert, to courts of ju- dicature or public discussion and debate; used in courts and legal proceedings, or in public discus- sions; argumentative. Forest, for'est, n. An extensive wood ; in U. S., a wood of native growth. — v. i. To cover with trees or wood. Forever. See under For. Forfeit, for'fit, a. Lost or alienated for an offense ; liable to penal seizure. — ??. A thing lost, or the right to which is alienated, by a crime, offense, neg- lect of duty, or breach of contract; a fine; mulct; penalty; something deposited and redeemable by a fine. — ?', t. To lose, or lose the right to. — Forfei- ture, -fT-chur, n. Act of forfeiting; the losing of some right, privilege, estate, honor, office, or effects, by an offense, crime, breach of condition, etc. ; thing forfeited; amercement; penalty. Forgave. See Forgive, under Forbear. Forge, forj, n. A place where iron is wrought by heating and hammering; esp. a furnace, where iron is wrought; a smithy; works where iron is rendered malleable by puddling and shingling; a workshop; place where anything is produced, shaped, or de- vised.— v.t. [forged (forjd), forging.] To form by heating and hammering ; to shape out in any way, produce; to make falsely; to produce (that which is not genuine), fabricate, counterfeit, feign, falsify. — v. i. To commit forgery. (Naut.) To -move heavily and slowly, as a ship with the sails furled. — For'gery, -jer-T, n. Act of forging, fab- ricating, or producing falsely ; esp., the crime of fraudulently making a writing purporting to be done by another; thiiig forged. Forget, Forgive, Forlorn, etc. See under Forbear. Fork, i6rk, n. An instrument with prongs or tines; anything fork-shaped ; one of the branches of a river, road, etc.; place where a road, tree, etc., di- vides; a prong; point. — ?>. i. [forked (f6rkt), fork- ing.] To shoot into blades, as corn; to divide into branches. — v. t. To raise or pitch with a fork, as hay ; to dig and break with a fork, as ground ; to form into a fork-like shape; to bifurcate. Form, form, n. The shape and structure of anything; configuration; frame; external appearance; a men- tal transcript or image; constitution; mode of con- struction, arrangement, organization, etc. ; estab- lished method r practice; formula: show without substance ; conventionality; formality; orderly ar- rangement ; shapeliness : comeliness ; beauty ; a shape ; phantom ; mold ; pattern ; model ; a long bench or seat; a class in a school; class or rank in society; the seat or bed of a hare. (Print.) A page, or pages, imposed and locked up in a chase. (Phren.) Perception of form. See Phrenology. — v. t. [formed (f'6nnd), forming.] To give form or shape to; to construct, fashion; to model, train ; to go to make up, act as constituent of ; to provide with a form, as a hare. — Form'less, a. Shapeless ; with- sQn, cube, full ; moon, f<36t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. FORMER 152 FOX out determinate form ; irregular in shape. — Form'- al, a. Pert, to the form, "external appearance, or organization of a thing ; pert, to the constitution of a thing, as disting. fr. the matter composing it; constitutive; essential; done in due form, or with solemnity' ; express : according to form ; regular ; methodical; having: the form without the substance or essence; dependent on form; conventional; pre- cise; stiff; prim. — Formality, -I-ti, n. Condition or quality of being formal, express, strictly cere- monious," precise, etc. ; form without substance ; compliance with conventional rules : ceremony ; conventionality; the formal part; essence; an es- tablished order: usual and express method. — For- mation, v. Act of giving form or shape to or of giving being to; manner in which a thing is formed; structure; construction. (Geol.) The series of rocks belonging to an age, period, or epoch. (J/;7.) An arrangement of troops, as in square, column, etc. — For'mula. -la, «. ; L. pi. -l.e. -le: E. pi. -las. -laz. A prescribed or set form ; established rule. — For'mu- late, v. t. To reduce to, or express in, a formula. — For'mulize, v. t. [-lized (-llzd), -lizing.] To for- mulate. Former, Formerly. See under Fore. Formidable, iSr'niT-da-bl. a. Exciting fear or appre- hension ; terrible ; shocking ; tremendous. Fornicate, for'nT-kat. -cated, a. Vaulted: arched.— For'nicate. v. i. To have unlawful sexual inter- course.— Fornica'tion, n. Incontinence or lewd- ness of an unmarried person; criminal conversation of a married man with an unmarried woman. Forray. See under Forage. Forsake, Forswear, etc. See under Forbear. Forsooth, for-sooth', adv. In truth; in fact. Fort, fort, n. (Mil.) A fortified place; fortress; for- tification. — For'tress, n. A fortified place ; strong- hold; fortified town; castle; citadel.— For 'tify, -tY-ti, v. r. [-FIED (-fid), -eying.] To add strength to, strengthen ; to secure by forts, batteries, etc. — For'- tifica'tion, n. Act of, or that which, etc. ; esp. de- fensive works; fortress: citadel; bulwark. — Forti- tude, -tud, n. Passive courage ; resolute endurance; firmness in confronting danger. — Forte, fort, n. The strong point; that in which one excels. Forth, forth, adv. Forward: onward in time orin place; out from a state of concealment, confinement, non- development, etc.; beyond the boundary of a place; abroad. —Forth '-com'ing. a. Ready to come forth, or appear; making appearance.— Forthwith'', -with' or -with/, adv. Immediately ; without delay ; di- rectly. — Further, fer'ther, a. compur. More remote; more' in advance; farther; additional. — adv. To a greater distance; moreover. — r. t. [furthered (-erd), -ering.] To help forward, promote, assist. — Fur'thermore, adr. or conj. Moreover: besides ; in addition to what has been said. — Furthermost, a. Most remote; furthest. — Fur'thest, a. superl. Most remote ; farthest, — adv. At the greatest dis- tance. Fortieth. Fortnight, etc. See under Fol t r. Fortify, Fortitude, Fortress. See under Fort. Fortune, for'ehun, n. Chance ; accident ; luck : for- tuity; appointed lot in life: fate: destiny; what be- falls one; event; good or ill success; esp. favorable issue : estate ; possessions ; esp. large estate, great wealth, — v. i. To come casually to pass; to happen. — For'tunate, -nat, a. Coming by good luck : au- spicious : receiving some unexpected good : lucky ; successful ; prosperous. — Fortuitous, -tu'T-tus, a. Happening by chance ; occurring unexpectedly, or without known cause : accidental ; casual ; contin- gent : incidental. — Fortuity, -I-tl, n. Accident; chance ; casualty. Forty. See under Four. Forum, fo'rum, n. ; E.pl. -rums, L. pi. -RA, -ra. A market-place or public place in Rome, where causes were judicially tried, and orations delivered. Forward. Forwardness, etc. See under Fore. Fosse, fos, n. (Fort.) A ditch or moat. (Anat.) A non-articular depression in a bone, wider at the margin than at the bottom; one of variously shaped cavities in the soft parts. — Fos'sil, a. Dug out of the earth; pert, to, or like, fossils: petrified. — n. A substance dug from the earth. (Paleon.) The pet- rified form of a plant or animal in the strata of the earth. Foster, fos'tSr, v. t. [-tered (-terd), -teeing.] To feed, nourish, support, rear up; to cherish, forward, promote the growth of, stimulate. Fought. See Fight. Foul, fowl, a. Covered with or containing extraneous matter which is noxious or offensive ; nasty; im- pure ; morally defiled in origin or tendency ; ob- scene; scurrilous; cloudy or rainy; stormy; "loath- some; hateful; unpropitious ; not fair or advanta- geous; not conformed to the established rules of a game, conflict, test, etc.; unfair: dishonest; cheat- ing; interfered with in motion by collision or en- tanglement with anvthing ; entangled. — v. t. [fouled (fowld), foiling.] To make filthy, defile, dirty, soil ; to bring into collision with something that impedes motion; to jostle, in a race. — v. i. To become entangled or clogged. — n. An entangle- ment; collision. Foulard, fod-lard', 71. A thin fabric of silk or silk- cotton, for handkerchiefs and dresses. Found, Foundling. See under Find. Found, fownd, v. t. To fix upon a basis, literal or figurative ; to fix or establish firmly, to furnish ma- terials for beginning, begin to raise, build, institute. — Founda'tion, n. Act of founding, fixing, or es- tablishing ; that upon which anything is founded; groundwork ; base or underground part of a struc- ture ; basis ; a donation, esp. for a charitable pur- pose ; an endowment ; an endowed institution or charity. Found, fownd, v. t. To form by pouring metal into a mold : to cast. — Found'ery, -er-T, -ry, -rT, n. Art of casting ; works where metals are cast. — Fount, Font, n. (Print.) A properly assorted quantity of type of the same size, style, and age. Founder, fownd'er, v. i. [-ered (-erd), -ering.] (Xaut.) To fill with water, and sink, as a ship; to fail, miscarry; to trip, fall, stumble and go lame, as ahorse. — v. t. To cause soreness in the feet or limbs of, so as to lame,— said of a horse, —n. (Far.) A lameness from inflammation in a horse's foot; inflammatory fever of the body, or rheumatism. Fount, Fountain, fownfin, n. A spring or natural source of water ; an artificially produced jet or stream of water; structure in which such a jet or stream flows; origin; first cause. — Font, n. Afoun- tain, spring; a basin for water in baptism. Four, for, a. One more than 3, or one less than 5; twice 2. — n. The sum of 4 units; a symbol repre- senting four units, as 4 or iv.— Four'score, a. 4 times 20; 80. — n. 80units. [SeeScoKE.J — Four'square, a. Having 4 sides and 4 equal angles.— n. That which has, etc.; a quadrangle.— Four'- way, a. Allowing passage in any one of 4 directions. —Fourth, a. Next following the 3d and preceding the 5th; forming 1 of 4 parts <*{ into whicli a thing is di- vided. — n. One of 4 equal parts into which, etc. — Four'teen. -ten, n. The sum of 10 and 4 : symbol repre- senting this number, as 14 or xiv. — a. 4 and 10 more; twice 7. — Fourteenth, a. Succeeding the 13th and preceding the 15th: making uPPfr cylinder ; c, to one of 14 parts.— ?!. One of condenser: d, to lower 14 equal parts. (Mas.) The cylinder, octave of the 7th. — Forfnight, n. The space of 14 nights; 2 weeks. — For'ty, -tt, a. 4 times 10: 39 and 1 added.— n. The sum of 40 units : symbol repre- senting it, as 40 or xl. — Fortieth, -tT-eth, a. Fol- lowing the 39th; constituting 1 of 40 parts. — n. One of 40 equal parts. Fowl, fowl, n. A bird, esp. a large, edible bird. Fox, foks, n. (Zo'61.) A predaceous animal of several species of the genus Vulpes, remarkable for cun- ning. A sly, cunning fellow. (Naut.) A small strand of rope, made by twisting rope-yarns. (Icth.) A fish ; the dragonet. Along-tailed shark, found Four-way Cock, to steam-pipe ; 6, to ftm, fame, far, pass or onera. fare ; Snd, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 6dd, tone, FRACAS 153 FREEZE Common Fox ( Vulpcs vulgaris). in temperate and tropical seas, — the sea-ape, sea-fox, thrasher. — r. t. [foxed (fokst), F O X I X G .] To cover the feet of boots with new front upper leather. — v. i. To turn sour. — said of beer, etc., in ferment- ing. Fracas, fra'kas, re. An uproar ; disturbance. Fraction, frak'shun, re. A portion; fragment. (Amth. or Alg.) A division of a unit or whole number.— Com- mon or vulgar fr action. One in which the number of equal parts into which the integer is divided is indicated by figures or letters, called the denomi- nator, written below a line, over which is the nu- merator, indicating the number of these parts in- cluded in the fraction, as i, one-half; -2 two fifths. — Decimal f. One in which the denominator is a unit or 1 with ciphers annexed, — commonly ex- pressed by writing the numerator only with a point before it ; thus, .5 = five tenths, ^J*_. .25 = ^HP - ' Fractional, -ary, -a-rT, a. Pert, to fractions: con- stituting a fraction.— Frac'tious, -shus, a. Apt to break out into a passion: apt to fret; peevish: irrit- able ; pettish. — Frac'tiously, adv. — Frac'tious- ness, n. — Frax'ture, -chur, n. Act of breaking or snapping asuuder; rupture: breach. (Surg.) The breaking of a bone. (Min.) The appearance of a freshly-broken surface, displaying its texture. — v. t. [fractured (-churd), -tiring.] To cause, etc.; to break, crack.— Fragile, fraj'il, a. Easily broken; brittle; frail; liable to fail.— Fragility, -T-tT, re. State of being, etc. — Frag'ment, n. A part broken off ; detached portion. — Fragmentary, -a-rT, a. Composed of fragments ; broken up ; incomplete. Fragrant, fra'grant, «. Sweet of smell; having agree- able perfume; odoriferous; balmy; spicy; aromatic. Frail, It 51, a. Easily broken: fragile; liable to fail and perish; not tenacious of life; weak: infirm; of infirm virtue: weak in resolution. —Frail' ty, -tT, re. Condition of being frail; weakness of resolution; li- ableness to be deceived ; a fault proceeding from weakness; infirmity: failing; foible. Frame, tram, v. t. [framed (f ramd), framixg.] (Carp.) To construct, adjust and put together, fabricate, Oi make; to originate, devise, invent or fabricate (some- thing false) : to regulate, shape, conform; to provide with a frame, as a picture. — re. Anything composed of parts fitted and united together ; a fabric ; struc- ture; a case or structure for admitting, inclosing, o r supporting things, as that which contains a window, door, picture, etc.; a sort of loom ; the bodily struc- ture; make or build of a person: the skeleton; form: constitution: system: regulated or adapted condi- tion; particular state, as of the mind: humor. Franc, frank, n. A silver coin, orig. of France, equal to about 19J cents. Franchise, etc. See under Frank. Frank, frank, a. Free in uttering real sentiments: not reserved: ingenuous; candid; open: sincere.— v. t. [fraxked (frankt). FRANKING.] To send by public conveyance free of expense: to exempt from charge for postage. — n. A letter free of postage, or of charge for sending by mail; that which makes a letter free, as the signature of one possessing the privilege. — Fran'chise, -chiz, n. A constitutional right or privilege, esp. the right to vote. (Law.) A privilege conferred upon individuals by grant from Frame (Carp.). b, a b, uprights or posts: e d, e d, struts, ties, or braces. a sovereign or government. The district to which a particular privilege extends : asylum ; sanctuary. — v. i. [franchises (-chizd), -chisixg.] To make free. Frank, frank, n. One of the German tribes inhabiting Franconia, who in the 5th century conquered Gaul and established the kingdom of France; an inhabi- tant of Western Europe; European, — a term used in the East; a franc, q. v. Frantic, etc. Sec under Frexzy. Fraternal, fra-ter'nal, a. Pert, to brethren; becoming brothers ; brotherly.— Frater'nity, -ni-ti, re. State or quality of being fraternal; brotherhood; a body of men associated for their common interest, busi- ness, or pleasure; a brotherhood. — Fraternize, f ras- ter- or fra-ter'niz, v. i. [-xized (-nlzd), -xizixg.] To associate or hold close fellowship. — Frafricide, -rT-sid, re. The murder of a brother; one who kills a brother. Fraud, frawd, n. Deception deliberately practiced, to gain an unfair advantage; a deceptive trick: guile; craft; stratagem: imposition; cheat. — Fraud'ulent, -u-lent, a. Using, containing, founded on, or pro- ceeding fr., fraud: obtained or performed by arti- fice; trickish; cunning; cheating; insidious; unfair; knavish. Fraught. See under Freight. Fray, fra, re. Affray: broil; contest: combat. — v. t. [frayed (frad), fraying.] To frighten, terrify. Fray, fra. n. A fret or chafe in cloth. — v. t. To rub, wear off by rubbing, fret (cloth, etc.)— v. i. To rub ; to_wear out easily by rubbing: to ravel. Freak, i'rek, re. A sudden, causeless change of mind; whim; caprice; sport. Freak, trek, v. t. [freaked (frekt), freaking.] To variegate, checker. —Freckle, trekl. re. A yellow- ish spot in tlie skin: any small discoloration. — v.t. [freckled (-Id), -ling.] To color with freckles or small discolored spots; to spot. — v. i. To become covered with freckles. Free, fre, a. [fre'er, fre'est.] Not under restraint, control, or compulsion; at liberty; not under arbi- trary government: enjoying political liberty; liber- ated, by arriving at a certain age, from the control of parents or master; released from arrest; capable of voluntary activity: clear of offense or crime; un- constrained' by timidity or distrust; unrestrained; immoderate: riot close or parsimonious; liberal; not united or combined with anything else; at liberty to escape ; exempt ; clear ; released; invested with a freedom or franchise; not obstructed or appropri- ated: not gained by importunity or purchase; not arbitrary or despotic: assuring liberty . — v.t. [freed (fred), freezing.] To make free, set at liberty, dis- engage, clear; to keep free, exempt: to relieve from the constraint of. — Free'dom, -dum, re. State of be- ing free; exemption from control; liberty; particu- lar privileges; franchise ; immunity; improper fa- miliarity; license. — Free'man, re.; pi. -hex. One who enjoys liberty; one not a slave or vassal; one possesse'd" of a peculiar privilege. — Freed'man, fred'-, re. One who has been a slave, and is freed. — Free'hold, re. (Law.) An estate in real property, of inheritance or for life; the tenure by which it is held. — Free'hclder, n. One owning, etc. — Free'- fcoot'er, n. One who wanders about for plunder; a robber; pillager. — Free'ma'son, -sn, re. One of a secret association, said to have been orig. composed of masons, now of persons united for mutual assist- ance. — Free'ma'sonry, -sn-rT, n. Institutions or practices of, etc. — Free'stone, re. Stone composed of sand or grit, — easily cut. — Free'thinker, n. One who discanls revelation; an unbeliever; skeptic. — Free'thinking, a. Skeptical.— re. Unbelief. — Free'- born, a. Born free: inheriting liberty. — trade', re. Commerce unrestricted bv tariff regulations or cus- toms duties ; free interchange of commodities. — -trad'er, n. An advocate of, etc. Freeze, frez, v. i. [imp. froze; p.p. frozen; freez- ing.] To become concealed by cold: to be hardened into ice or a like solid body; to become chilled. — v. 1. To congeal, harden into ice; to cause loss of ani- mation or life in, from lack of heat ; to chill. — Frost, frost, re. Act or state of freezing; severe cold; frozen dew, — hoar-frost or white-frost. — v. t. To sun, cube, full; moon, foot ; cow, oil; linger or ink, then, boNbox, chair, get. FREIGHT 154 PROM cover with anything like hoar-frost, as cake with sugar. Freight, frat, n. That with which anything is laden; cargo; what is paid for transportation of merchan- dise. — r. t. To load with goods, as a ship or vehicle. — Fraught, frawt, a. Freighted; laden; stored. French, french, a. Pert, to -b ranee or its inhabitants. — n. The language of the people of France; collect- ively, the people of France. — French'man, n. ; pi. -men. A native or naturalized inhabitant of, etc. — French'ify, -fi, v.t. [-fijed (-fid), -fying.] To make French, Gallicize. Frenzy, fren'zT, n. Violent agitation of the mind ap- proaching to distraction; insanity; madness; rage; delirium. — Fran'tic, Frenet'ic, -ical, Phrenetic, a. Mad; raving; noisy; wild. — Fran'tically, adv. Frequent, fre'kwent, a. Happening at short intervals; given to any course of conduct. —Frequent'', v.t. To visit often, resort to habitually. — Fre'quency, -sT, n. Condition of returning frequently; occur- rence often repeated. Fresco, fres'ko, n. Coolness ; shade ; a method of painting on walls on a freshly laid stucco-ground of lime or gypsum. — v. t. [frescoed (-kod), -co- ing.] To paint in fresco. Fresh, fresh, a. Possessed of original life and vigor; new and strong ; lately produced, gathered, or pre- pared for market ; recently made ; in a raw, green, or untried state ; renewed in vigor, or readiness for exertion ; tending to renew in vigor ; cool ; brisk; not salt, as water or meat. — n. A pool or spring of fresh water ; an inundation ; freshet ; the mingling of fresh with salt water in rivers or bays.— Freshly, adv.— Fresb/ness, n.— Fresb/en, v. t. [-ened (-nd), -ening.] To make fresh, take saltness from any- thing. {Naut.) To relieve, as by change of place, or by renewing the material used to prevent chaf- ing. — v. i. To grow fresh, lose saltness, grow brisk or strong. — Fresh/et, n. A flood in a river from rains or melted snow. Fret, fret, v. t. To wear away by friction, eat away, corrode, chafe ; to make rough, agitate, disturb ; to tease, irritate, vex, make angry. — v. i. To be worn away or corroded; to chafe; to be agitated or vexed; to utter peevish expressions. —n. Agitation ; vex- ation ; agitation of the surface of a fluid, esp. by fermentation, pi. {Mining.) The worn sides of river banks, where ores accumulate. — Fret'ful, -ful, a. Disposed to fret; peevish; cross. Fret, fret, v. t. To ornament with raised work, vari- egate, diversify. — n. Herpes; tetter.— Fret'work.ra. Work adorned with frets; ornamental open work in wood, iron, or stone. Fret, fret, n. {Arch.) An ornament made of small fillets combined in geo metrical or otl terns; a raised 1 an open slot. {Hi bearing composed bars crossed and im._ laced. {Mm.) A wire Fret, on the fingerboard of a guitar or similarinstrument, to guide the finger in playing.— v. t. To furnish with frets, as an instrument of music. Friable, fri'a-bl, a. Easily crumbled or pulverized. Friar, fri'ar, n. {Rom. Cath. Ch.) A member of any religious order, esp. of a mendicant order. Fribble, f rib'' bl, a. Frivolous ; trifling ; silly. — n. A frivolous fellow; a coxcomb; fop. — v. i. To trifle. Fricassee, frik'as-se', n. A dish made of fowls or small animals cut into pieces, and stewed or fried. — v. t. [fricasseed (-sod'), -seeing.] To make a fricassee of. Friction, frik'shun, n. Act of rubbing one body against another; attrition; abrasion. {Mech.) The effect of rubbing, or resistance which a moving body meets with from the surface on which it moves. Friday, f ri'da, n. The 6th day of the week. Fried. See Fry. Friend, fiend, n. One attached to another by senti- ments of esteem, respect, and affection ; a well- j wisher; an intimate associate ; one not an enemy ; a i favorer; promoter; one of the religious sect usually called Quakers. — v. t. To act as the friend of. — Friend'liness, n. — Friend'ship, n. Attachment I to a person, proceeding from intimate acquain- tance, or from favorable opinion of his estimable qualities ; friendly relation or intimacy ; friendly aid, office, or kindness. Frieze, frez, n. A coarse woolen cloth with nap on one side_. — v. t. To make a nap on (cloth). Frieze, frez, n. {Arch.) That part of an entablature between the architrave and cornice. Frigate, f rig'at, n. A ship of war, larger than a cor- vette or sloop of war, and less than a ship of the line. Fright, frit, n. A passion excited by sudden danger ; violent fear ; alarm ; terror ; consternation. — v. t. To alarm suddenly with danger, affright, scare, dismav, daunt. — Fright'en, r. t. [-ened (-nd), -en- ing.] To fright. — Fright'ful, -ful, a. Full of terror; alarmed; exciting alarm; terrible; dreadful; awful; horrid; shocking. Frigid, frij'id, a. Cold; of low temperature; wanting warmth, fervor, vivacity, etc.; impotent. Frill, fril, n. Orig. the ruffling of a hawk's feathers when shivering with cold ; a ruffle (on clothes). — v. t. [frilled (frild), -ling.] To decorate with frills. — v. i. To shake or shiver, as with cold. Fringe, frinj, n. A trimming consisting of hanging threads; a line of projecting objects along the edge of any place or thing ; a border ; confine. — v. t. [fringed (frinjd), fringing.] To adorn or border with fringe. Frippery, irip / 'per-Y, n. Old clothes ; cast dresses ; second-hand finery; useless matter: place where old clothes are sold; traffic in old clothes. Friseur. See under Friz Frisk, frisk, v. i. [frisked (friskt), frisking.] To leap, skip, dance, gambol. — n. A frolic; a fit of wanton gayety. — Frisk'y, -T, a. Frolicsome. Frit, frit, n. The material for glass or ceramic glaze, wholly or partially fuzed but not vitrified. — v.t. To prepare (materials for glass, etc.') by exposing to heat. — Frifter, n. A small pancake of fried bat- ter; a small piece of meat fried; a fragment; shred; small piece. — v. t. [frittered (-terd), -tering.] To cut (meat) into small pieces for frying; to break into small fragments. Frith, frith, Firth, ferth, n. A narrow arm of the sea; estuary; a kind of weir for catching fish. Frivolous, friVo-lus, a. Of little weight, worth, or importance; given to trifling, or unbecoming levity; trivial; petty. — Friv'oloushess, Frivol'ity, -tT, n. Friz, Frizz, friz, v. t. [frizzed (frizd), -zing.] To form into small curls, as hair; to crisp; to form into little burs, or knobs, as the nap of cloth, —n. That which is frizzed; anything crisped or curled. — Fri- seur, fre-zer', n. A hair-dresser. — Friz'zle, v. t'. [-zled (-zld), -zling.] To curl or crisp, as hair; to friz. — Friz'zler, n. Fro. See under From. Frock, frok, n. An outer garment; esp. a loose, coarse garment worn by men over other clothes, or a gown worn by women and children. Frog, frog, n. (Zool.) A well-known amphibious an- imal, with 4 feet, a naked body, and no tail. {Far.) A tender, horny substance in the middle of a horse's foot, dividing into 2 branches, and running toward the heel in the form of a fork. An oblong cloak-but- ton, swelled in the mid- dle. {Railroads.) A trian- gular plate for the wheels where tracks cross at an Railroad Frog, acute angle. Frolic, frol y ik, a. Full of levity or pranks; gay; merry. — 7i. A wild prank ; flight of mirth : scene of gay- etv; merry-making.— v.i. [frolicked (-ikt), -ick- ing.] To play pranks, sport. — Frol'icsome, -sum, a. Sportive. — Frol'icsomeness, n. From, from, prep. Out of the neighborhood of ; less- ening proximity to ; leaving behind : by reason of ; out of; by aid of,— used to express departure, setting out, commencement of action, being, state, occur- rence, etc., or procedure, emanation, absence, sep- aration, etc. — Fro, adv. From ; away ; back or backward. — Fro'ward, a. Unwilling to comply with what is required ; perverse ; wayward ; re- fractory. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, term ; tn, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r ; FROND 155 FUN Frond. Frond, frond, re. (Bot.) The organ formed by the union into one body of stalks and leaves in cer- tain plants, as ferns. Front, frunt, n. The fore- head or brow; the face; the countenance, as ex- pressive of character, tem- per, or disposition, esp. of boldness of disposition, or of impudence ; the part of anything directed forward ; position directly before the face of a person, or foremost part of a thing ; a front-piece of hair worn by ladies. — v. t. To oppose face to face, meet; to stand opposed or opposite, or over against; to adorn in front. — v. i. To stand foremost; to have the face or front toward any point of compass. — a. Of, or relating to, the forward part; having a position in front; foremost. — Frontier, -er, re. That part of a country which fronts or faces another country or an unsettled re- gion; the boundary; border.— a. Lying on the ex- terior part; bordering; conterminous; acquired on a frontier. — Frontispiece, -pes, re. That which pre- sents itself to the front view. {Arch.) The principal face of a building. An illustration fronting the first page of a book. Frost, Frozen, etc. See under Freeze. Froth, froth, re. A collection of bubbles on liquids; spume; foam; empty, senseless show of wit or elo- quence; light, unsubstantial matter.— v. t. [frothed (frotht), frothing.] To cause to foam, cover with froth. — v.i. To throw up foam. — Froth/y, -1, a. [frothier, -iest.] Full of, or consisting of, froth; spumous ; foamy ; not firm or solid ; soft ; vain ; empty; unsubstantial. Frounce, frowns, v. t. [frounced (frownst), froun- cing.] To curl or frizzle about the face, as the hair. —re. A wrinkle, plait, or curl; a mass of pim- ples in a horse's or hawk's palate. Frouzy, frow'zf, a. Fetid; musty; dim; cloudy. Froward, etc. See under From. Frowey, frow'T, a. (Carp.) Working smoothly, or without splitting, — said of wood. Frown, frown, v. i. [frowned (frownd), frowning.] To contract the brow, scowl, put on a stern, grim, or surly look; to look on with disfavor, look threat- ening, lower. — v. t. To rebuke with a look. — re. A wrinkling of the brow in displeasure ; rebuke ; sternness, etc.; expression of displeasure. Frowy, Frowzy. Same as Frouzy. Frugal, froo r gal, a. Economical in the use of re- sources; sparing; saving.— Frugality, -T-tT, w. Qual- ity of being frugal; good husbandry or housewifery. Fruit, froot, re. Whatever is to be enjoyed, partaken of, or made use of ; product ; result ; that part of plants which contains the seed ; esp. the .iuicy, pulpy products of certain plants ; the produce of animals; offspring; young. — Fruit'iul, -ful. a. Full of fruit; producing fruit abundantly; fertile: pro- lific ; fecund; abundant; plenteous. — Fruit'fully, adv. — Fruit'fulness, re.— Fruitless, a. Not bearing fruit; productive of no advantage: barren; useless; abortive; idle; profitless. — Fruitlessly, adv. — Fruit'lessness, re. — Frui'tion, -ish'un, re. Use or possession of anything, esp. accompanied with pleas- ure; gratificationj enjoyment. Frustrate, frus'trat, v. t. To bring to nothing, pre- vent from attaining a purpose; to make null" or of no effect; to baffle, balk, nullify. —a. Vain; in- effectual; useless; void. Frustum, frus'tum, n. ; pi. -ta, -ta, or -tums. (Geom.) The part of a solid next the base, formed by cutting off the top. Frutescent, froo-tes'sent, a. (Bot.) Becoming shrubby, or like a shrub. Fry, fri, v. t. [fried (fnd), fry- ing.] To cook in a frying-pan over the fire, as meat ; to cook in boiling fat, as doughnuts, — v. i. To be heated and agitated, as meat in a frying-pan ; to ferment, foam, or dissolve with heat. — re. A dish of anything fried. Fry, fri, /). A swarm or crowd, esp. of little fishes; a large number; young fishes or animals. JT~3; Fuchsia, fu'sha, re. (Bot.) A genus of flowering plants. [Fr. Leonard Fuchs, a German botanist.] Fucus, f u'kus, re. ; pi. -ci, -si. A paint; dye ; false show. (Bot.) A genus of sea-weeds of a tough, leathery kind; sea-wrack, and other species. Fuddle, fud'dl, v. t. [-dled (-did), -dling.] To make foolish by drink. — v. i. To drink to excess. Fudge, fuj, re. A made-up story; stuff; nonsense. Fuel, fu'el, re. Combustible matter, as wood, coal, peat, etc.; anything that feeds flame or excitement. Fugacious, fu-ga'shus, a. Flying, or disposed to fly; volatile. — Fugitive, -jT-tiv, a. Apt to flee away; liable to disappear; easily blown away or absorbed; escaping from duty, service, danger, etc.; unstable; volatile ; evanescent. — re. One who flees from his station or duty, danger or punishment; a deserter; one hard to be caught or detained. — Fugue, fug, re. (Mus.) A musical composition in contrapuntal style, in which a subject is proposed by one part, and then responded to by the others, according to certain rules. Fugleman. Same as Flugelman. Fulcrum, f uKkrum, re. ; L. pi. -cra, -kra ; E. pi. -crums. A prop or support. (Mech.) The point about which a lever turns in lifting or mov- ing a body. F FufL FUlfillment - ^ lmd£r F, Fulcrum. Fulgent, fuKjent, a. Exquisitely bright ; shining; dazzling; effulgent. — Ful'gency, -si, re. Brightness; splendor; glitter. Fuliginous, fu-lij /, T-nus, a. Pert, to soot or smoke; sooty; dark; dusky; smoky. Full, ful, a. Filled up; replete; having within it all that 'it can contain ; not empty or vacant ; abun- dantly furnished or provided; sufficient; ample; not wanting in any essential quality ; complete ; per- fect.— re. Complete measure; utmost extent. — adv. Quite; completely; exactly. — v.i. To become fully or wholly illuminated.— Fully, -IT, adv. —In full manner or degree; without lack; entirely; clearly.— Fulfill, Fulfil, ful-fiK, v. t. [-filled (-fild'), -fill- ing.] To rill up, make full or complete; to accom- plish or carry into effect, bring to pass, effectuate. — Fulfill'ment, n. Accomplishment ; completion ; performance. — Fulsome, fttKsum, a. Offending or disgusting by over-fullness, excess, obsequiousness, or grossness. Fulirful, v. t. [fulled (fuld), fulling.] To cleanse and 'scour (cloth); to niake compact, strengthen, and thicken (woolen cloth, etc.), by a felting pro- cess, esp. in a mill; to thicken and diminish the size of (underclothes, etc.), in washing, —v. i. To be- come fulled or thickened.— FulKer, re. — FulKery, -er-t, n. Works where fulling is carried on. — FulK- ing-mill, n. A mill for fulling cloth; a machine for felting wool hats. — FulKer's-earth, n. A variety of clay, used in cleansing cloth, as it imbibes the grease and oil used in preparing wool. Fulminate, fuKmT-nat, v. i. To thunder, make a loud, sudden noise, detonate, explode ; to issue de- nunciation, thunder forth menaces. — v. t. To cause to explode; to utter (denunciation or censure.) — re. (Chem.) A compound which explodes by percus- sion, friction, or heat. Fulsome, etc. See under Full. Fulvid, ful'vid, Ful'vous, -vus, a. Tawny: dull yel- low, with a mixture of grav and brown. Fumble, fum'bl, v. i. [-bled (-bid), -bung.] To feel or grope about ; to seek awkwardly ; to handle much, turn over and over. — v. t. To manage awk- wardly, crowd or tumble together. Fume, fum, re. Vapor or gas arising from combustion or chemical action, esp. noxious or offensive exhala- tion; smoke; reek; anything unsubstantial or airv; idle conceit. — v. i. [fumed (i'fimd), fuming.] To smoke, throw off vapor, or exhalations; to pass off in vapors; to be in a rage. — v. t. To smoke, dry in smoke; to disperse in vapor. — Fu'migate, -mT-gat, v. t. To apply smoke to, expose to smoke or disin- fecting gas, as in cleansing infected apartments, clothing, etc. ; to perfume.— Fumiga''tion, re. Act of fumigating; vapor; scent raised by fire. Fun, fun, re. Sport ; merriment ; frolicsome amuse- sun, cube, full ; moon, fo"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNbox, chair, get. FUNCTION 156 FYKE ment. — Fun'ny, -nT, comical. a. [-NIER, -niest.] Droll Function, funk'shun, n. Act of executing; perform- ppointed action; nati signed action. {Math.) A quantity so connected ance; peculiar or appointed action; natural or as- with another, that, if any alteration be made in the latter, there will be a consequent alteration in the former,— the dependent quantity being called & func- tion of the other. — Functional, a. Pert, to func- tions; required by, or involved in, the appropriate action. — Func'tionary, -a-rT, n. One charged with the performance of a iunction; esp. a public official. Fund, fund, n. A stock or capital; an invested sum whose income is devoted to a specific object; a store laid up, from which one may draw at pleasure; a supply, pi. The stock of a national debt; public se- curities.— v. t. To provide a fund for the payment of the interest of ; to place in a fund, as money. — Fund'able, a. Capable of being funded or converted into bonds.— Fun'dament, n. The seat; part of the body on which one sits; the buttocks; the orifice of the intestines; anus. — Fundamental, a. Pert, to the foundation or basis; essential, as an element, principle, or law; elementary. Funeral, fu'ner-al, n. The ceremony of burying a dead person; obsequies; burial; procession attend- ing the burial of the dead. —a. Pert, to burial; used at the interment of the dead. — Fune'real, a. Suit- ing a funeral; dismal. Fungus, fun'gus, n. ; L. pi. -gi, -ji; E. pi. -guses, -ez. {Bot.) An acotyledonous or cryptogamous plant, such s as the mushrooms, toad- stools, the microscopic plants which form mold, mildew, smut, etc., and the minute vegetable parasites of animals ; also, excres- cences on plants. {Med.} A spongy, morbid growth or granulation in animal bod- ies ; proud-flesh.— Fun '- "\ gous, -gus, a. Like fungus; ~ excrescent ; growing sud- denlv, but not substantial. Funnel, fun'nel, n. An in- verted hollow cone with a pipe ; a tunnel ; stove-pipe; steamship's chimney. Funny. See under Fun. Fur, fer, n. The short, fine, soft hair of certain animals, skins of wild animals with the fur ; peltry ; any coating resembling fur, as a coat of morbid matter on the tongue in fever. — v. t. [furred (ferd), fur- ring.] To line, face, or cover with fur; to cover with morbid matter, as the tongue. {Arch.) To nail strips of board upon, as a foundation for lathing.— Fur'ner, -ri-er, n. A dealer in furs. — Fur'riery, -T, n. Furs collectively; trade in furs. — Fur' ring, n. {Carp.) The nailing on of strips, preliminary to lathing; the strips. — Fur'ry, -rT, n. Covered with, or consisting of, fur. Furbelow, fer'be-lo, n. A puckered flounce ; plaited border of a gown or petticoat. — v. t. [furbelowed (-lod), -lowing.] To put a furbelow on. Furbish, fer'bish, v. t. [-bished (-bisht), -bishing.] To rub or scour to brightness; to polish. Furcate, fer'kat, -cated, a. Forked; branching like the prongs of a fork. Furious, etc. See under Fury. Furl, ferl, v. t. [furled (ferld), furling.] To wrap or roll, as a sail, close to the yard, stay, or mast ; to gather into close compass. Furlong, fer'long, n. The 8th of a mile. Furlough, fer^lo, n. {Mil.) Leave of absence ; esp. leave to be absent from service for a certain time. — v. t. [furloughed (-lod), -loughing.] To grant leave of absence, as to an officer or soldier. Furnace, f Sr'nas, n. An inclosed place where a hot fire is maintained, as for melting ores, warming a house, baking bread, etc. Furnish, fer'nish, v. t. [-nished (-nisht), -nishing.] To supply with anything necessary or useful, pro- vide, equip; to offer for use, afford; to fit up, supply Fungi. 1, Agaricus comatus. 2, Boletus edulis. 3, Morchella eseulenta. with proper goods, vessels, or ornamental append- ages. — Fur'niture, -ni-chur, n. That which fur- nishes, or with which anything is furnished or sup- plied; whatever must be supplied to a house, room, etc., to make it habitable or agreeable ; chattels ; movables ; effects ; necessary appendages to any- thing, as to a machine, carriage, horse, etc. {Print.) Pieces of wood or metal placed around the pages, to hold them in place in the chase. Furrier, Furring, Furry, etc. See under Fur. Furrow, fui-'ro, n. A trench in the earth made by a plow; any trench, channel, or groove; a wrinkle'on the face. — v. *. f furrowed (-rod"), -rowing.] To cut a furrow in, plow; to mark with wrinkles. Further, Furtherance, etc. See under Forth. Furtive, fer'tiv, a. Stolen; obtained or characterized by stealth; sly; secret; stealthy. Fury, f u'rT, n. Violent passion; over-mastering agl- tation or enthusiasm; violent anger; extreme wrath. {Myth.) A goddess of vengeance. A stormy, tur- bulent, violent woman; virago; termagant. — Fu'- rious, -rt-us, a. Transported with passion; rushing impetuously; moving violently; boisterous; raging; mad; frantic; frenzied. Furze, f erz, n. A thorny evergreen shrub with yellow flowers, common in Great Britain; gorse; whin. Fuse, fuz, v. t. [fused (fuzd), fusing.] To liquefy by heat, dissolve, melt; to blend or unite.— v. i. To melt. — Fu'sible, -z l-bl, a. — Fusibil'ity, n. — Fu'- sion, -zhun, n. Act or operation of melting, without the aid of a solvent; state of being melted; union of things into oneness, as if melted together. Fuse, fuz, n. A tube filled with combustible matter, used in blasting, discharging a shell, etc. — Fusee', n. A tube or match; fuse; cigar-light; fusil. — Fu r - sil. -zil, n. A light musket or firelock. — Fu'sillade, -lad, n. {Mil.) A simultaneous discharge of fire- arms. — Fusillade', v. t. To shoot down by a simul- taneous discharge. — Fusileer', -ier, -er', n. {Mil.) Formerly, a soldier armed with a fusil; now an infan- try soldier wearing a bear- skin cap like a grenadier's. Fusee, fu-ze', n. The conical ' wheel of a watch or clock, iusee. designed to equalize the power of the mainspring.— Fu'sil, -zil, n. {Her.) A bearing of a rhomboidal or spindle-shaped figure. — Fu'siform, a. {Bot.) Spin- dle-shaped; tapering at each end. Fusel, fu'sel, Fusel oil, n. {Chem.) An acrid, oily alcohol, nauseous and poisonous. Fuss, fus, n. A tumult; bustle; annoying ado. —v. i. [fussed (fust), fussing.] To make a bustle or ado. — Fuss'y, -T, a. [-ier, -test.] Making a fuss, or unnecessary ado about trifles. — Fuss'iness, n. Fust, fust, n. A strong, musty smell: mustiness. — Fust'y, -T, a. [-ier, -iest.] Moldy; rank; rancid. Fustian, fusfyan, n. A coarse twilled cotton stuff, including corduroy, velveteen, etc. ; an inflated style of writing; bombast. — a. Made of fustian; pompous; turgid; inflated; bombastic. Futile, fu'til, a. Of no weight or importance; an- swering no purpose; failing of the designed effect; useless; vain; trifling. — Futility, -T-ti, n. Want of importance or effect; uselessness. Futtock, fut'tok, n. {Naut.) One of the timbers which are scarfed together to form a rib of a vessel.— Futtock-plates. (,j\ T avt.) Plates of iron in a top, to which the dead-eyes are secured. — jF.-shrouds. Small shrouds beneath a top. Future, fu'ehur, a. About to be; liable to be or come hereafter, —n. Time to come; time subsequent to the present. — Futu'rity, -tu'r l-tt, n. The state of being yet to come; future time; time to come; the future; a future event. Fuze, n. See Fuse. Fuzz, fuz, ?;. i. [fuzzed (fuzd), -zing.] To fly off in minute particles.— n. Fine, *uttock. light particles; loose, volatile matter. aa, dead-eyes; Fy. Same as Fie. bb, futtock- Fyke, flk, n. A long bag-net distended plates; "Ehfisli. by hoops, into whicf can pass, but not return. : u 1 1 o o k shrouds. l, fame, far, pass or opera ; fare ; Snd, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r ; 157 GALLIC G OU.UU i G, je, the 7th letter in the English alphabet, has i sounds: one simple (called the hard sound, re pre sented in the phonetic re-spellings in this vocabu lary by g), the other compound (represented byi)- (Mis.) G is the name of the 5th tone of the natural or model scale,— called also sol. *>*.- It was also orig. used as the treble clef, and \pr+ has changed into the character represented in ~t¥~ the margin. G# (G sharp) is a tone interme- diate between G and A. u Uet Gab, gab, n. The mouth ; idle prate ; loquacity. — v. i. [gabbed (gabd), gabbing.] To talk idly, prate: to impose upon one; to lie.— Gab'ble, v. i. [-bled (-bid), -bling.] To talk noisily, rapidly, and idly, or without meaning ; to jab- ber, babble, chatter ; to utter inarticulate sounds, cackle. — n. Loud or rapid talk without meaning ; inarticu- late rapid sounds, as of fowls. — Gab'bler, n. Gabardine, gab^r-den', n. A loose upper garment. Gabion, ga'bl-un, n. (Fort.) A wicker cylinder filled Gabion, with earth, for constructing parapets and tempora ry defenses. Gable, ga'bl, n. (Arch.) The vertical triangular por tion of the end of a house, from the eaves to the top; the end of a house. Gad, gad, n. The point of a spear; arrow-head; goad; wedge or in- got of iron or steel. — v. i. To rove or ramble idly.— Gad'der, Gad'-about', n. One who roves idly. — Gad'ny, n. An insect which stings cattle, and de- posits its eggs in their skin; bot-fly; breeze-fly. Gael, gal, n. sing. & pi. A Scotch Highlander of Celtic origin; an Gable. Irish Celt. — Gaelic, ga'Tik, a. Pert, to the Gael. — n. The language of the Highlanders of Scotland. Gaff, gaf, n. A harpoon; an iron hook on a handle, for Landing large fish. (Naut.) A boom or yard, extending the upper edge of a fore-and-aft sail. See Ship. — v. t. To strike or take with a gaff. Gag, gag, v. t. [gagged (gagd), gagging.] To stop tne mouth of, Dy thrusting in something, to hinder speaking; to silence; to cause to heave with nausea. — v. i. To heave with nausea. — n. Something thrust into the mouth to hinder speaking; a speech interpolated by an actor in his part as written. Gage, gaj, n. A pledge or pawn; security; something thrown down as a challenge to combat, as a glove, gauntlet, etc. — v. t. [gaged (gajd), gaging.] To bind by pledge, caution, or security; to engage. Gage, n. A measure. See Gauge. Gaiety, Gaily. Same as Gayety, etc. See under Gay. Gain, gan, v. t. [gained (gand), gaining.] To get, as a profit or advantage; to acquire, win; to be suc- cessful in; to win to one's side, conciliate; to reach, attain to, arrive at.— v. i. To have advantage or profit; to grow rich; advance in happiness, etc. — n. Thing gamed; profit; advantage ; benefit; acquisi- tion.— Gain'fiil, -ful, a. Producing profit, advan- tage, or wealth; advantageous; lucrative. — Gain'- fully, adv. — Gain'fulness, u. — Gain'less, a. Un- profitable. Gain, gan, n. (Arch.) A beveled shoulder of a bind- ing joist,_to give resistance to the tenon below. Gainsay, gan-sa' or gan'sa, v. t. [-said (-sad), -say- ing.] To contradict, oppose in words. Gairish, Garish, gar'ish, a. Gaudy; showy; affected- ly fine; extravagantly gay; flighty. Gait. See under Gate. Gaiter, ga'ter, n. A covering for the ankle, fitting down upon the shoe ; a kind of shoe, chiefly oi cloth, covering the ankle. Gala, gala, n. Pomp, show, or festivity. Galactometer, gal / ak-tom / 'e-ter, n. An instrument to ascertain the quality of milk, by indicating its spe- cific gravity ; a lactometer. — GaPaxy, -aks-T, n. (Astron.) 1 he Milky Way. An assemblage of splen- did persons or things. Gale, gal, n. A wind between a stiff breeze and a tempest; a breeze; a state of excitement or passion. — v. i. (Naut.) To sail fast. Galeas. See under Galley. Galeate, ga'le-at, -ated, a. Covered, as with a hel- met. (Bot.) Having a flower like a helmet. Galena, ga-le'na, n. Sulphuret of lead ; the principal ore from which lead is extracted. Gall, gawl, n. (Physiol.) The bitter, alkaline, greenish-vellow liquid in the gall-bladder ; bile. Anything bitter ; spite ; malignity. — Gall'- blad'der,n. (Anat.) A pear-shaped membranous sac, on the under side of the liver, containing gall. Gall, gawl, G. nut, n. A vegetable , excrescence produced by an insect in the bark or leaves of plants, as the oak-apple, etc., —used in dye- a^ento r n ™u.7 ing, making ink, etc— Gall'-fly, n. ^ aieate Corolla. The insect which, etc. — Gallic, gal'lik, a. (Chem.) Pert, to, or derived from, galls. Gall, gawl, v. t. [galled (gawld), galling.] To fret and wear away by friction ; to excoriate, chafe; to tease, vex, chagrin; to harass, annoy. — n. A wound in the skin from rubbing. Gallant, gaKlant, a. Showy; splendid; magnificent; gay; noble in bearing or spirit; heroic; courageous; brave. — Gallant', n. A gay, courtly, or fashionable man ; one attentive to ladies ; one who wooes ; a lover; suitor. — a. Attentive to ladies. — v. t. To attend or wait on (a lady). — Gallantly, adv. In a fallant manner, spirit, or bearing; gayly; nobly; ravely. — Gallanfly, adv. In a polite or courtly manner. — GaPlantness, n. Gayety ; nobleness ; bravery.— Gal'lantry, -rt, n. Bravery; intrepidity; attention to ladies; intrigue. —Galloon, -loon'', n. A narrow woven fabric of cotton, woolen, silk, etc., for binding garments, hats, shoes, etc. Galleass, Galleon. See under Galley. Gallery, gal'ler-T, n. A long and narrow corridor, or connecting passage-way ; a room for exhibiting works of art; a collection of paintings, sculptures, etc.; a platform on the interior sides of a building, supported by brackets or columns. (Naut.) A frame like a balcony, projecting from a ship's quarter. Galley, gaPTr, n. ; pi. -leys, -liz. (Naut.) A low, flat-built vessel, with one deck, and navigated with sails and oars; a light open boat; the cook-room of a ship. (Chem.) An oblong reverberatory furnace, with a row of retorts whose necks protrude through lateral openings. (Print.) A frame or tray for receiv- ing type from the composing-stick. — GaPley-slave, n. One condemned to work at the oar on a galley. — GaPeas, GaPleass, -liass, n. A vessel larger than a galley, and resembling a galleon, formerly used by the Spaniards and Venetians. — GaPiot, GaPliot, n. A small galley ; a brigantine, built for chase ; a Dutch vessel, with main and mizzen masts and a large gaff main-sail. — GaPleon, n. A large ship, with 3 or 4 decks, formerly used by the Spaniards in war and commerce. Gallic, gaPlik, -lican, a. Pert, to Gaul or France.— GaPlicism, -lT-sizm, n. A mode of speech peculiar to the French. — GaPlicanisra, n. The principles of 6un, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. GALLIUM 158 GAEMENT the Gallican church, or Roman Catholic church in France, — esp. of those -within that church who seek to maintain its national position against papal en- croachments, — opp. to ultramontanism. — Gal'licize, -slz, v. t. [-cized (-slzd), -cizixg.] To render con- formable to the French idiom or language. Gallium, galli-um, n. (Chem.) A silver-white, hard metal, somewhat malleable, melting at 86° Fahr. Gallon, gal'lun. n. A measure of capacity = 4 quarts. Galloonr See under Gallant. Gallop, gallup, v. L [-loped (-lupt), -lopixg.] To run with leaps or bounds, as a horse; to move very rapidly. — n. A mode of running by a quadruped, by lifting alternately the fore feet arid the hind feet together, in successive bounds.— Gallopade. -ad, n. A kind of dance; music appropriate to it. — Gallop- ade' - . v. i. To perf ormthis dance. Gallows, gallus or gal'loz, n. sing. ; pi. -lowses. An instrument of execution, consisting of 2 posts and a cross-beam on the top, from which a criminal is sus- pended by a rope round his neck; a like instrument for suspending anything, pi. A pair of suspenders or braces. Gaily. See Galley. Galoot, ga-loof. ;;. A noisv, riotous fellow ; rowdv. [Slang. D. S.] Galvanic, gal-van'ik, a. Pert, to, containing, or ex- hibiting, galvan- ism. [Fr. Gal- vani, of Bologna, who invented Ms batteryinl791.]— Galvanic battery. An apparatus of metals, acids, etc., for generat- ing galvanism. — GaKvanism. -va- Galvanic Battery, nizm, n. Electricity developed by chemical action between different substances without the aid of fric- tion; science of galvanic electricity.— Gal'vanist. a. One versed in galvanism. — Gal'vanize. v. t. [-ized (-izd). -izixg.] To affect with galvanism: to plate with metal, by means of galvanism; to restore to consciousness by galvanic action. Gamble, Gambler^ See under Game. Gamboge, gam-booj' or -boj r , n. A concrete vegeta- ble juice, or gum-resin, of reddish-yellow color, pro- duced by trees, and used as a pigment. Gambol, gam/bol, v. i. [-boled (-bold), -bolixg.] To dance about in sport; to frisk.— n. A skipping about in frolic; a hop.— Gam'mon. n. A hog's thigh, pickled and smoked or dried; a smoked ham. — v. t. To make bacon of. (Xaut.) To fasten (a bowsprit to the stem of a ship). Game, gam, ». Sport of any kind; jest; frolic : a con- trivance, arrangement, or institution, furnishing sport or amusement ; use of such a game : a sinsle match at play: contest; thing gained, as the stake in a game ; animals pursued by sportsmen : scheme fmrsued; plan; project. — a. Ready to fight to the ast, like a game-cock ; brave ; resolute ; pert, to those animals hunted for game. — v. i. [gamed (gamd), gaming.] To play at any sport; to play for a stake or prize: to gamble.— Gam'mon. n. An ifnpo- ■ sition, hoax, humbug: the game of back gammon.— v. t. To beat in back gammon by removing all one's counters before one's antagonist has removed any ; to impose -on by improbable stories : to humbug." — Gam'ble, v. i. "[-bled (-bid), -blixg.] To play or game for stakes. — Gam 'bier. n. Gamin. ga-max r , n. A neglected city boy. Gammon (of bacon). See under Gambol. — Humbug. See under Game. Gamut, gam'ut, n. (Mus.) The scale. Gander, gan'der, a. The male of the goose. Gang, gang, n. A number going in company; a com- pany, esp. of disreputable persons: a squad of work- meri; a labor-saving combination of similar imple- ments. {Mining.) A gangue. — Gangue. gang, n. The mineral substance inclosing metallic ore in the vein. Ganglion. gan'glT-un, n. A collection of nerve cells, giving off nerve fibers. Gangrene, gan'gren, n. {Med.) The first stage of mortification of flesh, in which it becomes diseol- Gannet. ored. — v. t. To mortify. — v. i. To become morti- fied or putrescent; to lose vitality. Gannet. gan'net, n. The Solan goose, a sea-fowl al- lied to the pelican. Gantlet, gant'let, -lope, -lop, n. A military or naval punishment in which the offender runs between 2 files of men facing one another, who strike_him as he passes. Gaol. jal. Gaoler. See Jail. Gap, gap, n. An opening in anything made by breaking or parting; an opening for passage or entrance; hiatus; an opening which is irrep- arable. — Gape. gap. in Eng. pron. gap, r. i. [gaped (gapt), gaping.] To open the mouth wide, as, ex- pressing desire for food; or indicating sleepiness, in- difference, dullness; or showing surprise, astonish- ment, expectation, etc.; or manifesting a desire to injure, devour, or overcome; to open as a gap; to gaze, stare, yawn. — n. The act of gaping. (Zobl.) The width of the mouth when opened, as of birds, fishes, etc. Gar. gar, Gar'fish, n. A slender sea-fish of the pike family, having a long, pointed head; one of similar form, with rhombic scales, found in fresh waters. Garb, garb, n. Clothing; esp. official dress: fashion, or mode of dress: exterior appearance: looks. Garbage, gar'bej. n. Refuse parts of flesh; offal; any worthless or offensive matter. Garble, gar'bl. i>. t. [-bled (-bid), -blixg.] To sift or bolt; to pick out such parts of as may serve a pur- , pose; to mutilate, corrupt. Garden, gar'dn. n. A piece of ground for cultivating flowers, or vegetables, etc.; a rich, well-cultivated - spot or tract of country. — v. i. [-dexed (-dnd), i -dexixg.] To lay out or labor in a garden. — Gar'- dener. -dn-er, n. Gargle, gar'gl, v. t. [-gled (-gld), -glixg.] To wash or rinse (the mouth or throat); esp. to hold a me- dicinal preparation suspended and agitated in the throat. — «. A liquid preparation for washing the mouth and throat. — Gar'goyle, -goil, n. (Arch.) A projecting water-spout, carved grotesquely. Garish. See'GAircisH. Garland, gar'land. n. A wreath or chaplet of branches, flowers, '■ feathers, etc.; a coro- nal; the top; principal thing: thing most prized; a collection of little printed pieces ; an anthology. (Saut.) A bag, used by sailors to keep provisions i in: a ring of rope lashed on a mast. — v. t. To deck with a garland. Garlic, gar'lik, n. A garden plant, allied to the onion, having a bulbous root, strong smell, and acrid taste. Garment, gar'ment, ?i. Any article of clothing. — Gar'nish, v. t. [-xfshed '(-nisht), -xishixg.] To adorn, embellish ; to furnish, as a fort with troops. (Law.) To warn, give notice to. —n. Decoration; ornament; also, garments, esp. showy ones. (Cook- eru.) Something set round a dish as an embellish- ment, in jails, fetters ; also an entrance-fee de- manded by old prisoners of one just committed. — Gar'nishee', n. (Law.) One in whose hands the ! property of another has been attached ; a trustee. — Gar'nishment, n. Ornament: decoration. (Law.) ■ Legal notice to appear and give information to the court on any matter; warning to a person, in whose hands the "effects of another are attached, not to pay money or deliver goods, but to appear in court and give information as garnishee. A fee. — Gar'ni- ture. -nT-chur. n. That which garnishes: embellish- ment. — Garrison. gSr'rY-sn, n. (Mil.) A body of troops in a fort or fortified town, to defend it or to repress the inhabitants ; a strong place, in which troops are quartered for its security. — v. t. [gae- Gargoyle. Sm, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; gnd, eve, term ; f n, Ice ; 8dd, tone, 6r ; GARNER 159 GELATINE risoned (-snd), -so>-i>'G.] To place troops in (a ! fortress, etc.) for its defense ; to defend by for- ; tresses manned with troops. Garner, gar'ner, n. A granarv ; place -wherein grain ! is stored. — v. t. [garnered (-nerd), -NEKING.] j To store in a granarv. Garnet, gar'net, n. (}fia.) A mineral of a deep-red color. (Xaut.) A tackle to hoist the cargo. Garnish, Garrison, etc. See under Garment. Garret, gar'ret, n. That part of a house on the upper floor, immediately under the roof: an attic. Garrote, gar-rot', «. A Spanish mode of execution by strangulation, with an iron collar affixed to a post and tightened by a screw; instrument by which the punishment is inflicted. — v. t. [garroted ; -rot- ing.] To strangle with the garrote ; to seize by the throat from behind, to strangle and rob. Garrulons, gar'rob-lus, a. Indulging in long, prosy talk, with repetition and excessive detail; loqua- cious. — Garru'lity, -ll-tt, n. Quality of being, etc. Garter, giir'ter, n. A band to hold up a stocking on the leg; the badge of the highest order of knighthood in Great Britain; the order itself. — v. t. [gartered (-terd), -tering.] To bind with a garter; to invest with the order of the Garter. Gas, gas or gaz, n. An aeriform elastic fluid ; illumi- natmg gas, — a mixture of carbureted hydrogen and | oleflant gas or bi-carbureted hydrogen, obtained by! distillation of coal. —Gaseous, gaz'e-us or ga'zhus, I a. In the form of gas, or an aeriform fluid; lacking ! substance or solidity; tenuous. — Gassy, gas'sl, a. \ Full of gas; inflated; full of ambitious or deceitful j talk. — Gas'ify, v. t. [-fied^-IicI), -fying.] To con- vert into gas. — Gas'olene, -len, -line, -lin, n. A high- ly volatile mixture of fluid hydrocarbons, obtained from petroleum, also by distillation of bituminous coal. — Gasom'eter^ gaz-, n. A gas-holder. Gasconade, gas-kon-ad'', ». A Doast or boasting ; vaunt; bravado. — v. i. To boast, brag, bluster. Gash, gash, v. t. [gashed (gasht), gashing.] To make a long, deep incision in. — n. A deep and long cut. Gasket, gas'ket, n. (Xaut.) A flat, plaited cord to furl the sail, or tie it to the yard. (Jlech.) Platted hemp to pack pistons, as of steam-engines and pumps; any ring or washer of packing. Gasp, gasp, v. i. [gashed (gaspt), gasping.] To labor | for breath, respire convulsively or violently ; to pant with eagerness. — v. t. To emit with gaspings. — n. A labored respiration; convulsive opening of the mouth for breath. Gastric gas'trik, a. (An at.) Pert, to the stomach. — Gastfi'tis.?!. (Jled.) Inflammation of the stomach. — Gas'teropod, n. (Zobl.) A molluscous animal (as the snail), having a muscular ventral disk, which serves in place of feet. — Gastron'omy, -mT, n. Art or science of good eating ; epicurism. — Gastron''- omer, n. One fond of good living; an epicure; glutton. — Gastronomic, -ical, a. Pert. to. etc. Gate, sat, n. A passage-way in the wall of a city, field, edifice, etc.: a movable barrier closing an opening in a fence or wall or placed across a road; a frame stop- ping the passage of water through a dam, lock. etc. ; an avenue; means of entrance. — Gait, gat, n. Walk; march: way; manner of walking or stepping. Gather, gat-h/er, v. t. [-ERED(-erd), -ering.1 To bring together, collect, assemble: to harvest, pick, pluck; to amass in large quantity or numbers ; to make compact, consolidate ; to draw together (a piece of cloth, by a thread), pucker, plait ; to derive, as an inference; to infer, conclude. — v. i. To come to- gether, congregate: to increase: to come to o head, as a sore; to draw an inference. — n. A plait or fold in cloth, made by drawing the thread through it. — Gath'ering, n. That gathered or brought to- gether, as a crowd, assembly ; a tumor, suppurated or maturated; an abscess. Gaucherie, gosh're, n. Awkwardness ; blundering. Gaud, gawd, /;. A piece of worthless finery; a trinket. — Gaud'y, -T, a. [-ier, -iest.] Ostentatiously line. Gauffer, gawf'fer, v. t. To plait, crimp, or flute; to goffer, as lace. Gauge, Gage, gaj. v. t. [gauged (gajd), gauging.] To measure or ascertain the contents of, as of a pipe, hogshead, etc. ; to measure the capacity or ability of; estimate, —n. An instrument to determine dis- Gauntlet. tances, dimensions, or capacity; a standard of any kind; estimate. (Physics.) Apparatus for determin- ing at any moment the state, or volume, or pressure of a fluctuating object, as water, steam, etc. (AauJ.) Position with reference to a vessel and to the wind; the depth to which a vessel sinks in the water. The distance between the rails of a railroad. ["When the gauge is 4 ft. 8k in. it is called standard gauge ; when less, narrow 'gauge.} (Plastering.) The quantity of plaster of Paris used with common piaster to hasten its setting; the composition used in finishing plastered ceilings, etc. Gaunt, gant, a. Lean ; meager ; pinched and grim. Gauntlet, gantlet, n. A glove with plates of metal on the back, worn as defensive armor; a long glove, covering the wrist. Gauze, gawz. n. A very thin, transparent stuff, of silk, linen, cotton, wire, etc. — Gauz'y, -I, a. Pert, to, like, or thin as gauze. Gave. See Give. Gavel, gav'el, n. A small heap of grain, not tied up; the mallet of a presiding officer. Gavelkind, gav'el-kind, n. (0. Eng. Law.) A tenure by which land descended from the father to all his sons in equal portions, and the land of a brother, dying without issue, descended equally to his brothers. Gawk, gawk, n. A cuckoo ; a simpleton ; booby. — Gawk'y, -i, a. [-ier. -iest.] Foolish and awkward; clumsy and clownish. — n. A fellow awkward from being overgrown, or from stupidity. Gay, ga, a. Excited with delight; merry; gleeful; sprightly ; jolly ; jovial ; having many or showy colors ; dissipated ; loose ; lewd.— Gayety, Gaiety, ga'e-tl, «. State of being gay; merriment; acts or entertainments prompted by, or inspiring, merry delight, — used often in pi.; finery; show; jollity. — Gayly, Gaily, ga'lY, adv. Gaze, gaz, v. i. [gazed (gazd), gazing.] To fix the eyes in a steady and earnest look ; to gape, stare. — n. A fixed look ; a look of eagerness, wonder, or admiration : object gazed on. Gazelle, ga-zeK, 7i. A small antelope of Asia and N. Africa, remarkable for its s wif tne ss, elegant form, and the soft luster of its eyes. Gazette, ga-zef, n. A newspaper; esp., an of- ficial journal. — r. f. To announce or publish in a gazette, or officially. — Gaz'etteer'', -ter', n. A writer of news ; offi- cer who publishes news by authority; a geo- graphical dictionary; alphabetical descrip- tive list. Gear, ger, n. Manufactured stuff or material; goods; clothing; ornaments; dress; horse-tra ppings. (Mack.) A toothed wheel, or toothed wheels col- lectively: connection of toothed wheels with each other; gearing, — v. t. [geared (gerd), gearing.] To dress, put on gear, harness. — Gear'ing, n. Har- ness. (Much.) Parts by which mo- tion communicated to one portion of a machine is transmitted to an- other, considered collectively ; esp., <>g a train of wheels lor transmitting *s and varying motion. Gee. je, v. t. [geed (jed), geeing.] To turn to the off-side, i driver (i. . t. [-cized (-sizd), -cizing.] To make Gothic or barbarous. Gouge, gowj, in Eng. gooj, n. A chisel, with a semi-cylindrical blade. — v. t. [gouged (gowjd), gouging.] To scoop out with a gouge; to force out (the eye of a person) with the thumb or finger ; to cheat. Gourd, gord, n. A rapid-growing cu curbitaceous plant, bearing a one- celled, many-seeded, hard-shelled fruit : which, when dry, is used for dippers, bottles, etc. Gourmand, Gourmet. See under Gormand French Gothic Window, Tour, nay Cathedral. am, fame, far, piss or opera, fare ; 8nd, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Odd, tone, Or ; GOUT 165 G-RANT Gout, gowt, n. {Med.) A painful constitutional dis- ease ; inflammation of the joints, esp. of the great toe. — Gout'y, -T, a. Diseased with, subject to, or pert, to, etc. — Goutiness, n. Gout, goo, n. Taste; relish. Govern, guv'grn, v. t. [-erned (-ernd), -erning.] To regulate by authority; to influence, direct, man- age. {Gram.) To require to be in a particular case. — v. i. To exercise authority, administer the laws, j have' the control. — Governor, -er, n. One who governs; esp., a chief ruler or magistrate ; a tutor, guar- dian. {Naut.) A pilot. {Mach.) A contrivance connected with mills, steam-engines, etc., to maintain uniform velocity with a varying resistance: see Steam Engine.— Gov'erness, n. A female governor; an instructress. — Gov / emante / , -ant', n. A lady in charge of young women ; a governess. — Govern- ment, n. Act of governing; exer- Oovernor. cise of authority; restraint; regulation ; the system of polity in a state; established form of law; right or power of governing ; authority ; the ruling power ; the administration; a commonwealth; state. {Gram.) The influence of a word in regard to construction. — Gov'ernmenfal, a. Pert, to, or made by govern- ment. Gown, gown, n. A loose upper garment; esp. the outer dress of a woman; the official robe of professional men and scholars; hence, civil officers, disting. fr. military; a wrapper worn by gentlemen within doors. Grab, grab, n. A sudden grasp or seizure. — v. t. & i. [grabbed (grand), -bing.] To gripe suddenly, seize. Grace, gras, n. Exercise of love, kindness, or good- will; favor bestowed; the divine favor toward man; enjoyment of divine favor ; inherent excellence ; beauty, physical, intellectual, or moral; elegance of manners ; the title of a duke or an archbishop of England; a prayer before or after meat. pi. {Myth.) Graceful and beautiful females, the attendants of Venus. {31us.) Ornamental tones. A play con- sisting in throwinga hoop by means of two sticks.— v. t. [graced (grast), gracing.] To adorn, deco- rate ; to dignify, honor. — Grace'ful, -ful, a. Dis- playing grace or beauty in form or action ; elegant; easy. — Graceless, a. "Wanting in grace or excel- lence, esp. in divine grace ; depraved ; degenerate ; corrupt. — Gra'cious, gra'shus, a. Abounding in, or characterized by, grace ; winning favor; accept- able; beautiful; graceful; produced by divine grace; benevolent; beneficent; benignant; merciful. Grade, grad, n. A step or degree in any series, rank, or order; in a road or railroad, the rate of ascent or descent; a graded ascending or descending portion of a road; a gradient. {Stock-breeding.) The result of crossing a native stock with a better breed. — v. t. To reduce to a level, or to an evenly progressive as- cent, as the line of a canal or road. — Gfa'dient, a. Moving by steps; walking; rising or descending by regular degrees of inclination. — n. Rate of ascent or descent in a road, etc. ; grade ; a part of a road which slopes upward or downward. — Grada'tion, w. Act of progressing by regular steps ; state of be- ing graded, or arranged in ranks; any degree in an order or series ; gradual blending of one tint with another. — Grad'ual.-u-a^a. Proceeding by steps or degrees; progressive; slow. — n. An order of steps; an ancient book of hymns, some of which were chanted on the steps {gradus) of the pulpit. — Grad'- ually, adv. In a gradual manner ; step by step. — Grad'uate, -u-at, v. t. To mark with degrees ; to di- vide into regular steps, grades, or intervals ; to ad- mit to a certain grade or degree, esp. to an academ- ical degree; to prepare gradually. — v. i. To pass to, or to receive, an academical degree ; to pass by degrees, change gradually. — n. One admitted to an academical degree. — a. Arranged by successive steps or degrees; graduated. — Graduation, n. Act of graduating; art of dividing info degi-ees or definite parts ; marks on an instrument indicating degrees, etc. Graff, graf, Graft, graft, n. A small shoot or scion of a tree inserted in another tree ; portion of a tree growing from such shoot. — v. t. To insert, as a cut- ting from one tree in a branch or stem of another; to implant or incorporate, as a bud upon a stem. —v. i. To insert scions from one tree into another. Grain, gran, n. A kernel, esp. of corn, wheat, etc.; the fruit of certain kindred food plants, viz., corn, wheat, rye, oats, barley, etc., — used collectively; any small, hard particle; small portion ; a small weight, — the 20th of a scruple in apothecaries' weight, 24th of a pennyweight troy; a reddish dye from the coccus insect or kermes; a red color of any hue, esp. (Poet.) Tyrian purple; that arrangement of the particles of any body which determines its com- parative roughness; texture; arrangement or direc- tion of the veins or fibers of wood ; the hair-side of leather, or the marking on that side. pi. The husks or remains of malt after brewing, or of any grain af- ter distillation; residuum.— v. t. [grained (grand), graining.] To paint in imitation of the grain of wood; to form into grains, as powder, sugar, etc.— v. i. To form grains, or assume a granular form. — Gran'ary, -rT, n. A storehouse for thrashed grain. — Grange, granj, n. A granary ; barn ; farm, with stables, etc.; in U. S., an association of farmers to promote direct communication between producers and consumers, to the exclusion of middlemen or traders.— Gran'ule, gran'ul, n. A little grain; small particle.— Gran'ulous.-lus.-ular.-ulary, -Ia-ri, -ulate, -ulated, a. Consisting of, or like, grains or granules. — Gran'ulate, -lat, v. t. To form into, etc.; to raise in small asperities; to roughen on the surface. — v. i. To collect or be formed into grains.— Granula'tion, n. Act of forming into grains ; development of small grain-like cells in a sore, filling up the cavity, and uniting the sides. — Graniv'orous, -rus, a. Eat- ing grain or seeds. — Granite, -it, n. {Geol.) A crystalline, unstratified rock, consisting of quartz, feldspar, and mica. Grain, gran, n. A prong ; tine ; j)l. a fish spear. Grallatory, graKla-to-ri, -torial, -to'ri-al, a. Pert, to the grailatores or wading birds. Gram. See under Grammar. Graminaceous, gram-i-iia'shus, Gramin , eal, -eous, -e- us, a. Pert, to the grasses. — Graminivorous, a. Feeding on grass, etc. Grammar, gram' mar, n. Science of language ; art of speaking or writing with propriety, according to established usage ; a treatise on the principles of language, or on the elements of any science.— Gram- ma'rian, -ri-an, n. A philologist ; one who teaches grammar. — Grammatical, a. Pert, to, or accord- ing to the rules of, grammar.— Gram, Gramme, gram, n. The metric unit of weight, = 18.756 grains trov or 15.432 grains avoirdupois. Grampus, gram , pus, n. A voracious cetaceous mam- mal of the dolphin family, having sock- eted, conical teeth, and breathing by a spout-hole on the top of the head. Granary. See under Grain. Grampus. Grand, grand, «. Of large size; extensive ; relatively great; greatest; chief; principal ; great in size and tine or imposing in appearance: holding elevated or advanced rank, as in years or station; majestic; dig- nified; stately; exalted.— Grand'eur.-jur, ??. Quality of being grand; splendor of appearance; elevation of thought or expression, or of mien or deportment; no- bility of action ; sublimity; augustness; magnificence. — Grand'aunt, -ant, n. The aunt of one's father or mother. — un'cle, n. — child, n. A son's or daugh- ter's child. daugh/ter, n. Daughter of a son or daughter. — son, n. — father, n. A father's or moth- er's~father. — mother, n. — sire, n. A grandfather; any male ancestor. — Grandee', -de', n. A man of rank : in Spain, a nobleman of the first rank. — Grandil'oquent, -o-kwent. -oquous, -kwus, a. Speak- ing in a lofty style : bombastic. — Grandiloquence, -kwens, n. Lofty words or phrasesj bombast ; pom- posity of speech. — Grandiose, -T-os, a. Imposing ; striking; flaunting; turgid; bombastic. Grange, Granite, Granivorous, etc. See under Grain. Grant, grant, v. t. To allow, yield, concede; to be- sQn, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. GRANULAR 166 GREASE stow or confer, in answer to prayer or request; to make conveyance of, give the possession or title of. — n. Act of granting: a bestowing; admission of something as true; thing granted; gift; boon. (Law.} A transfer of property by deed or writing; esp., an appropriation or conveyance by the government. Granular, Granule, etc. See under Grain. Grape, grap, n. The fruit of the vine. (Jlil.) Grape-shot. — Grap'y, -T, a. Made of, or like, ^^za^^fe, grapes.— Grap'ery, -er-i, re. A building ? a 1 for cultivating grapes.— Grape'-shot, n. C m ,^-i ? ( JUL) A number of iron balls, included [ W\ ( 9 between circular iron plates at top and r \yl IVay . bottom, with rings and a connecting pin Graphic, -ical. graflk-al, i. Pertaining 31 toTwri ting; written; inscribed: well de- f^KTT7^£ lineated or described. — Graphically, W#l Ivjy ach\ In a graphic or picturesque man- i. J ner. — Graphite, -it, n. (Jlin.) A poly- Grane shot morphous mineral, composed of very y pure carbon, (listing, by softness, metallic luster, and by leaving a lead-colored trace on paper, — used for pencils, and for manv mechanical uses, and often called plumbago or black-lead. Grapple, grap'pl, v. t. [-pled (-pld), -pling.] To seize, lay fast hold on, with the hands or with hooks, — v. i. To contend in close fight. — ?!. A seizing; close hug in contest. (Xaut.) A hook for fastening one ship to another. — Grapline, Grap'- nel, n. A small anchor, with 4 or 5 flukes or claws, to hold small vessels; any instrument designed to grap- ple or hold. Grasp, grasp, v. t. [grasped (graspt), grasping.] To seize and hold, catch, take possession of; to compre- hend. — n. Gripe of the hand ; seizure by embrace ; power of seizing and holding; wide-reaching power of intellect to comprehend subjects. — Grasping, a. Seizing; avaricious ; greedy of'gain; exacting. Grass, gras, n. Herbage; the plants constituting the food of cattle, etc.; pasture. (Bot.) An endogenous plant having long, narrow, alternate leaves, sheath- ing a stem generally jointed . and tubular, flower generally in glume-covered spik'elets,andfarinaceous seeds. — v. t. [grassed (grast), grassing.] To cover with grass or __^ turf. — Grass'hop- per, n. A jumping orthopterous noc- turnal insect, with 4 joints in feet, and green or transpar- ent wing -covers, which feeds on grass or leaves: the common diurnal " grasshoppers " «?«.° C, fGE"Az^D Grasshopper (G.viridissimus). (grazd), grazing.] To feed or supply (cattle) with grass ; to eat (herbage) from the ground ; to tend j grazing cattle. — v. i. To eat grass or herbage ; to j supply grass. — Graz'er, n. One who grazes orlfeeds | on herbage. — Gra'zier, -zher, ?i. One who pastures ! cattle, and rears them for market. — Graz'ing, n. Act of feeding on grass; a pasture. Grate, grat, n. A lattice-work, used in windows of j prisons, etc.; a frame of iron bars for holding coals. \ — v. r. To furnish with grates or cross-bars.— Graf- I ing, n. A partition of parallel or cross-bars. Grate, grat, v. t. To rub roughly or harshly, as one body against another; to wear" away in small par- ticles, by rubbing with anything rough ; to fret, vex, irritate. — v. i. To rubhard, so as to offend; to make a harsh sound by friction of rough bodies. | — Grafer, re. One who, or that which, etc.; esp. an instrument for rubbing off small particles of a body. — Grating, n. A harsh sound of rubbing. Grateful, grateful, a. Having a due sense of benefits; ! willing to acknowledge and repay benefits; afford- ! ing pleasure ; pleasing to the taste ; acceptable ; ', gratifying; welcome. — Gratelully, adr. — Grate'- fulness, n. — Gratify, grat'l-fi, v. t. [-fied (-lid), j -FYlNG.] To please bv satisfving some wish; to give I pleasure to, recompense. — Gratitude, -tud, re. State I of being grateful; thankfulness.— Grat'incalion, n. Act of gratifying mind, taste, or appetite ; that which affords pleasure. — Gra'tis, adv. For nothing; freely; gratuitously — Gratuitous, -I-tus, a. Given without a recompense ; without reason, cause, or proof. — Gratuity, -tl, re. A free gift, present. — Grafulate, v. t. To salute with declarations of joy ; congratu- late. — Gratulalion, n. Act of, etc.— Grat'ulatory, -to-rl, a z Expressing joy. Grave, grav, v. t. [imp. graved (gravd),p.p. graven or graved; graving.] To carve or cut, engrave; to give shape to, by cutting with a chisel. (JS'aut.) To clean, as a ship's bottom, by burning off filth, grass, etc., and paying it over with pitch. — v. i. To write or delineate"on hard substances; to practice engrav- ing. — n. An excavation in the earth as a place of burial; tomb; sepulcher ; death or destruction, pi. The sediment of melted tallow. — Grav'er, re. One who, etc. ; a sculptor ; an engraving tool, burin, q. v. ; a tool for turning metals. — Graving, n. Act of, etc. ; thing graved or carved ; act of cleaning a ship's bottom ; impression on the mind, heart, etc. — Grav'ing-dock, «. A dry dock, in which ship's bottoms are cleaned, etc. — Grave'-clothes, n. pi. Clothes in which the dead are interred. — stone, n. A memorial stone set by a grave. — yard, re. A yard for the interment of the dead; cemetery. Grave, grav, a. Of importance ; influential ; serious, — said of character, relations, etc. ; not light or gay; solemn ; sober ; plain ; serious ; weighty ; momen- tous. (JIus.) Xot acute or sharp; low; deep. —Gra- va'men, n. (Law.) The grievance complained of ; the substantial cause of action. — Grav'ity, -I-tr, n. Sobriety of character or demeanor ; relative impor- tance, significance, dignity, etc. (Physics.) The tendency of a mass of matter toward a center of attraction; esp., the tendency of a body toward the center of the earth. (Mas.) Lowness"of sound. — Specific gravity. The ratio of the weight of a body to the weight of an equal volume of some other body taken as the- standard, — usually water for solids and liquids, and air for gases. — Gravitate, v. i. To obey the law of gravitation, tend toward the center. — Gravita'tion, n. Act of gravitating. (Physics.) That attraction by which all bodies or particles of matter in the universe tend toward each other. Gravel, grav'el, n. A mass of small stones or frag- ments of stone mixed with sand, etc. ( Jled.) Small calculi in the kidneys and bladder ; painful symp- toms caused by such calculi, — v. t. [graveled (-eld), -eling.] To cover with gravel ; to stick in the sand ; hence, to puzzle, embarrass ; to hurt (a horse's foot) by gravel lodged under the shoe. — Grav'eily, a. Abounding with, or consisting of, gravel. Gravy, gra'vl, n. Juices obtained from meat in cook- ing, made into a dressing; liquid dressing for food. Gray, gra, a. Hoary ; white mixed with Mack ; old ; mature. — ?). Anj- mixture of white and black; an animal of gray color. — Gray'-beard, re. An old man.— Grayling, n. A fish allied to the trout, found in N. Europe. — Gray , - wacke,-wak,«. (Geol.) Grayling. A conglomerate or jo grit-rock, consisting of pebbles and sand firmly uni- ted together. Grayhound. See Greyhound. Graze, Grazier, etc. See under Grass. Graze, graz, v. t. [grazed (grazd), grazing.] To rub or touch in passing. — Grazing, n. A touch in passing. _ Grease, gres, re. Animal fat in a soft state ; esp., fatty matter of land animals. (Far.) An_ inflammation of the heels of a horse. — Grease, grez or gres, v. t. [greased (grezd or grest). greasing.] To smear or anoint with grease;_to bribe; to cheat or cozen. — Greasy, grez'! o>- gres'I, a. [-ier; -iest.] Composed of, or characterized by, grease; oily: fat; unctuous; smeared with, or like grease or oil" smooth. (Fur.) Affected with the disease called grease. — Greasily, adv. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r ; GREAT 167 G-ROIN Great, grat, a. Large in solidity, surface, or linear dimensions; of wide extent; big; expanded; large in number; numerous ; long continued ; superior; ad- mirable; commanding ; endowed with extraordi- nary powers, strong, mighty, noble; holding a chief position, eminent; weighty; important. {Geneal- ogy-) Older, younger, or more remote, by a single generation.— Great-grandfather, a grandfather's fa- ther ; great-grandson, a grandson's son. Etc. — Greafly, adv. In a great degree; much; nobly; il- lustriously. — Great'ness, n. Largeness of bulk, di- mensions, number, quantity, etc. ; high rank or place; magnanimity; strength or extent of intellec- tual faculties; force; intensity.— Greaf-coat, n. An over-coat._ Greaves, grevz, n. pi. Ancient armor for the legs. Greaves, grevz, Graves, gravz, n. pi. The sediment of melted tallow. Grebe, greb, n. A diving bird, having a straight, sharp beak, lobated toes, no tail, and legs set far back. Grecian. See under Greek. Greed, gred, n. An eager desire or longing ; greedi- ness. — Greed'y, -t, a. [-iek, -iest.] Having a keen appetite for food or drink; ravenous; voracious; ea- ger; covetous. — Greed'ily, adv. — Greediness, n. Greek, grek, a. Pert, to Greece, Grecian. — n. A na- tive or inhabitant of Greece; language of Greece. — Gre'cian, -shan, a. Pert, to Greece.— n. A Greek; one versed in the Greek language, literature, or his- tory. Green, gren, a. Having the color of growing grass, or a colorcomposed of blue and yellow; verdant ;emerald: see Light ; full of life and vigor; new; recent; not ripe ; not fully grown or perfect ; immature in age or experience; young; raw; awkward; not seasoned; not dry ; containing its natural juices. — n. The color of growing plants ; a grassy plain or plat. pi. Fresh leaves or branches; wreaths. {Cookery.) Leaves and stems of young plants dressed for_f ood. — v. t. [greened (grend), green- ing.] To make green. Greet, gret, v. t. To salute kindly or respectfully, wel- come, accost.— v. i. To give salutations. Gregarious, gre-ga'rf-us, a. Living in a flock or herd. Grenade, gre-nad', n. {Mil.) A hollow shell filled with powder, and fired by a fuse. — Gren'adier', -der', n. Orig., a soldier who threw grenades ; later, one of a company of tall soldiers, posted on the right of a battalion, to lead it in attacks; now, one of a regiment so- called. Grew. See Grow. Grey. Same as Gray. Greyhound, gra'hownd, n. A slender, swift, keen-sighted variety of dog. [Not f r. gray.] Griddle, grid'al, n. A pan, broad and shallow, for bak- ing cakes ; a cover, to close an opening in the top of a stove ; a sieve with a wire bot- tom, used by miners.— Gridiron, -i-ern, n. A grated utensil_for broiling meat, etc. Grief, gref , n. Pain of mind ; painful sense of loss ; cause of sorrow. — Grieve, grev, v. t. [grieved (grevd), grieving.] To occasion grief to, inflict mental pain upon, make sorrowful, — v. i. To feel grief, be in pain of mind on account of an evil, sor- row, mourn. — Griev'ance, -ans, n. A cause of grief or uneasiness; wrong done and suffered; affliction; burden ; oppression ; injury. — Griev'ous, -us, a. Causing grief or sorrow; painful; hard to bear; hei- nous; flagitious; full of grief. Griffin, griffin, Griffon, n. {Myth.) An imaginary animal, generated between the lion and eagle. (Zobl.) A species of vulture found in the moun- tainous parts of Europe, N. Africa, and Turkey. Grig, grig, n. The sand eel; a cricket; grasshopper. Grenade and Fuse. Greyhound. Grill, gril, v. t. [grilled (grild), -ling.] To broil on a grate or gridiron ; to torment as if by broiling. Grim, grim, a. [grimmer, -mest.] Of forbidding or f ear-inspiring aspect; ferocious; horrid; surly. Grimace, grT-mas', n. A distortion of the counte- nance, to express contempt, disapprobation, etc. ; a smirk; made-up face. Grimalkin, gri-maKkin, n. An old cat. Grime, grim, n. Foul matter; dirt. —v. t. To sully or soil deeply; to dirt. — Grim'y, -Y, a. Grin, grin, v. i. [grinned (grind), -ning.] To open the mouth and withdraw the lips from the teeth, as in laughter, scorn, or pain. — v. t. To express by grin- ning. — n. Act of , etc. Grind, grind, v. t. [ground (grownd), grinding.] To reduce to powder, by friction, as in a mill, or with the teeth ; to wear down, polish, or sharpen by friction; to prepare for examination ; to oppress by- severe exactions, harass. — v. i. To perform the operation of grinding ; to become pulverized, pol- ished, sharpened by friction; to drudge.— Grind'er, n. One who, or that which, grinds; one of the doub- le teeth which grinds or masticates food, a molar : see Tooth, — Grind'ery, -er-t, n. Shoemakers' ma- terials. — Grind'stone, n. A flat, circular, revolving stone, for grinding and sharpening tools. — Grist, grist, n. That which is ground at one time; supply; provision. — Grisf-mill, n. A mill for grinding grain. — Gris'tle, -1, n. (Anat.) A smooth, solid, elastic substance in animal bodies; cartilage. Gripe, grip, v. t. [griped (gript), griping.] To catch with the hand, clutch; to seize and hold fast; to pain the bowels of, as if by pressure or contraction; to pinch, distress. — v. i. To hold or pinch as with a gripe; to get money by hard bargains or exactions; to suffer griping pains. {Naut.) To tend to come up into the wind, as a ship. — n. Grasp; seizure; clutch; that on which the grasp is put; a handle; op- pression ; cruel exaction; pinching distress; spas- modic pain in the intestines. {Naut.) The fore- foot; sharpness of a ship's stern under the water; pi. ropes, dead-eyes, and hooks, to secure the boats to the deck. — Grip, grip, n. A grasp; a holding fast; a peculiar clasp of the hand; tlrat by which anything is grasped, —v.t. [gripped (grTpt), -ping.] To give a grip to, grasp, gripe. Grisette, gre-zef, n. A young, laboring French woman; esp. one kept as a servant and mistress. Grisly, gris'lT, a. Frightful; horrible; terrible. Grist, Gristle, etc. See under Grind. Grit, grit, n. Sand or gravel; rough particles; struc- ture of a stone as to fineness or coarseness, or adap- tation to grinding and sharpening; spirit; spunk. {Geol.) A hard, gritty conglomerate or sand-stone. fl. Hulled and broken grain; groats. {High Milling .) ragments of cracked wheat smaller than groats. — v. i. To give forth a sound as of sand undcrthe feet; to grind. — v.t. To grind, grate. — Grifty, -ti, a. Containing, or consisting of, sand, etc.; rough; spir- ited and resolute. — Grifstone, n. A hard sand- stone. Grizzle, griz'zl, n. Gray; a mixture of white and blacft. — Griz'zled, -zld, a. Gray. — Griz'zly, -zll, a. Somewhat gray. Groan, gron, v. i. [groaned (gr5nd), groaning.] To give forth a low, moaning sound, as in pain or sor- row; to strive after earnestly. — n. A low, moaning sound, — uttered in pain; sometimes, in derision. Groats, grawts, n. pi. Oats or wheat broken or cracked. Grocer, grosser, n. A dealer in tea, sugar, spices, etc. — Gro'cery, -ser-i, n. pi. Commodities sold by gro- cers. A grocer's store. Grog, grog, n. A mixture of spirit and water, usually not sweetened. — Grog'gery, -ger-i , n. A grog-shop. — Grog'gy, -gi, a. Overcome with grog ; tipsy ; weakened in a fight so as to stagger; moving in a hobbling manner, from tender feet, — said of a horse. — Grog'giness, «.— Grog-shop, n. A place for re- tailing, etc. Grogram, grog'ram, Grog'ran, n. A coarse stuff made of silk and mohair; also, a strong, coarse silk. Groin, groin, n. The depressed part of the body be- tween belly and thigh. {Arch.) The angular curve made by the intersection of 2 semi-cylinders or arches.— v.t. [groined (groind), groining.] {Arch.) sun, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, DONboN, chair, get. GROOM 163 GUARD To fashion into, or adorn with groins. — Groined, groind, a. (Arch.) Hav- ing an angular curve made by intersection of arches. Groom, groom, n. A servant; esp. one in charge of horses; one of several offi- cers of the English royal household, chiefly in the lord chamberlain's depart- ment; a man recently married, or about to be married; a bridegroom. — v. t. [groomed (groomd), grooming.] To tend or care for (a horse).— r>,.„:„„j \„„t, Grooms'man, n. An at- Groined Arch, tendant of a bridegroom at his wedding. Groove, groov, n. A furrow, channel ; a long hollow cut by a tool.— v. t. [grooved (groovd), grooving.] To cut a groove in, form into grooves, furrow. Grope, grop, v. i. [groped (gropt), groping.] To at- tempt to find something in the dark, or as a blind person, by feeling; to feel one's way.— v. t. To search out by feeling in the dark. Gross, gros, a. Great; excessively or disproportion- ately large ; bulky ; coarse ; rough ; not easily aroused ; stupid; vulgar; indelicate; obscene; impure; thick; dense; palpable; whole; entire; total.— n. The main body, mass; the number of 12 dozen. — Gross'ness, n. — Gross'beak, -bek, n. A sing- ing bird of several species, allied to the finch and lin- net, having a convex bill, very thick at the base. Grot, g r oj , Grot/ to, n. ; pi. -toes, -toz. A natural cav- ern; an artificial cave or cav- n v. Q „v ern-likc apartment. — Gro- OrossDeaK. tesque', -tesk', a. Like figures formerly painted in grottoes; whimsical; extravagant. Ground, imp. and .p. p. of Grind, q. v. Ground, grownd, n. The surface of the earth, also of afloor: region; territory; land; estate; basis on which anything rests ; foundation ; premise, reason, or da- J turn ; originating force, agency, or agent. (Paint.) | The surface on which an object is represented; that portion of manufactured articles, of a uniform color, i on which the figures are drawn or projected, pi. Sediment; dregs; lees. (Arch.) Pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to which moldings, etc., are at- tached. (Mus.) A composition in wliich the base, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody; the tune on which descants are raised. (Elec.) A conduct- ing connection with the earth, making it part of an electrical circuit.— v. t. To lay or set on the ground; to found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, fix firmly; to instruct in elements or first principles. (Elec.) To connect with the ground, so as to make the earth a part of an electrical circuit.— v. i. To run aground; to strike and remain fixed. — Groundless, a. With- out ground or foundation ; false. Group, groop, n. A cluster, crowd, or throng; an as- semblage of persons or things; an assemblage of fig- ures or objects in a certain order or relation, or hav- ing some resemblance or common characteristic. (Mus.) A number of 8th, 16th, etc., notes tied to- gether; any musical ornament consisting of several short tones. — v. t. [grouped (groopt), grouping.] To form a group of, form an as- semblage, arrange, combine. Grouse, grows, n. A stout-legged rasorial bird, of several species, with feathered feet and short bill. Grout, growt, n. Coarse meal; pollard; a kind of thick ale ; lees ; grounds ; Grouse. dregs; sediment; a thin, coarse mortar; also, a finer material, used in finishing ceilings; a kind of wild apple.— v. t. To fill up (joints between stones) with grout. — Grout'y, -I, a. Cross; surly; sullen. Grove, grov, n. A cluster of trees shading an avenue; a group of trees smaller than a forest. Grovel, grov'l, v. i. [-eled (-Id), -eling.] To creep on the earth, or with the face to the ground; to act in a prostrate posture; to be low or mean. Grow, gro, v. i. [imp. grew (groo); p. p. grown (gr5n); growing.] To increase in size by a natural and or- ganic process; to increase in any Way, be augmented; to thrive, flourish; to result as an effect from a cause, become; to become attached or fixed, adhere. — v. t. To cause to grow, cultivate, produce, raise. — Growth, n. Process of growing; gradual increase of animal and vegetable bodies; production; that which has grown; effect; result. Growl, growl, v. i. [growled (growld), growling.] To murmur or snarl, as a dog; to utter an angry, grumbling sound, —v.t. To express by growling. — n. The murmur of a cross dog. Grub, grub, v. i. [grubbed (grubd), -bing.] To dig in or under the ground; to Be occupied in digging; to beg, esp. food. — v. t. To dig, dig up by the roots. — n. A fleshy larve, esp. a larve of a beetle or wee- vil; a short, thick man, dwarf; that wliich is grubbed up for food; victuals. Grudge, gruj, v. t. [grudged (grujd), grudging.] To part with reluctantly, desire to get back again. — v. i. To be covetous or envious, unwilling or reluc- tant.—?*. Uneasiness at the possession of something by another; ill will; envy; pique; hatred; spite. Gruel, groo'el, n. A light, liquid food, made by boil- ing meal in water. Gruff, gruf, a. Of a rough or stern manner, voice, or countenance; rugged; harsh. Grum, grum, a. Morose ; severe of countenance ; glum; grim; low; deep in the throat; guttural.— Grum'ly, adv. — Grum'ble, -bl, v. i. [-bled (-bid), -bling.] To murmur with discontent ; to growl, snarl; to rumble, roar. — v. t. To express with grumbling. — Grum'bler, n. Grunt, grunt, v. i. To make a deep guttural noise, like a hog. — n. A guttural, or short, rough sound. Guaiacum, gwa'ya-kum, n. A genus of small, crooked trees, of tropical Amer. ; balsamic resin of lignum- vitse, — used in med. Guano, gwa'no, n. Excrement of sea-fowls,— used as manure. Guarantee, gar'an-te', n. (Law.) A promise to an- swer for the payment of some debt, or performance of some duty, in case of the failure of another who is primarily liable; a warranty; security; a guaran- tor; the person to whom a guaranty is made. — v. t. [guaranteed (-ted'), -teeing.] To engage for the payment of debt or performance of duty, by an- other person; to make sure; warrant. — Guar'anty, -tt, n.—v.t. [-tied (-tid), -tying (-tT-ing).] Form of Guarantee generally used by legal writers in U. S. — Guar'antor', -t6r', n. (Law.) One who makes or gives a guaranty; a warrantor; surety; one who engages to secure another in any right or possession. Guard, gard, v. t. To protect from danger ; to secure against surprise, attack, or injury ; to accompany for protection; to protect the edge of, esp. with an ornamental border. — v. i. To watch by way of caution or defense; to be in a state of defense or safety, — n. That which guards or secures; as, a man or body of men stationed to protect a person or position, a watch, sentinel; or, one in charge of a mail coach or a railroad train, conductor; or, an ex- pression or admission to secure against objections or censure ; any attachment to protect against in- jury, defacement, or loss; as, part of a sword hilt protecting the hand; or, ornamental lace or hem protecting the edge of a garment; or, a chain or cord fastening a timepiece to one's person; or, a fenee to prevent falling from the deck of a vessel; or, a widening of the deck of a steamboat by a frame- work, which protects the water-wheel and the shaft against collision. (Fencing.) A posture of defense. — Guardian, -l-an, n. One who guards, preserves, or secures ; a warden. (Law.) One who has the custody of the person or property of an infant, a ftm, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Cdd, tone, Or i GUAVA 169 GURGLE Gudgeon. minor without living parents, or a person incapable of managing his own affairs. — a. Guarding; pro- tecting. — Guardianship, n. Office of a guardian. Guava, gwa/va, n. A tropical tree, or its fruit, which is made into jelly. Gubernatorial, gu'ber-na-to'ri-al, a. Pert, to govern- ment, or a governor. Gudgeon, gud'jun, n. A small fresh-water fish, easily caught : a person easily cheated or insnared ; a bait ; allurement. (Mack.) The iron pin in the end of a wooden shaft or axle, on which it turns in a collar or on a gudgeon-block; formerly, the part of any horizontal shaft on which it runs. (Naut.) An eye or clamp on the stern-post to hang the rudder on. Guerrilla, ger-riKla, n. An irregular warfare, by at- tacks of independent bands; one who carries on ir- regular or predatory warfare. Guess, ges, v. t. [guessed (gest), -sing.] To judge of at random; to form an opinion of, from reasons seemingly preponderating, but not decisive; to con- jecture rightly; to hit upon by accident. — v. i. To make a guess, think, suppose. — n. A conjecture; judgment without sufficient grounds. Guest, gest, n. A visitor; a lodger at a hotel, etc. Guffaw, gui'-taw', n. A loud burst of laughter. Guide, gid, v. t. To lead or direct, conduct in a course or path, pilot ; to regulate and manage, train, in- fluence. — n. One who, or that which, etc.; a path- finder ; conductor ; director ; regulator. (Mil.) A non-commissioned officer, placed on the flank of a rank or end of a line, to preserve proper position, distance, etc. — Guid'ance, -ans, n. Act of guiding ; direction; government.— Guide'-bars, -blocks, n. pi. (Mach.) Pieces of metal on which the cross-head of a steam - en sine slides, keeping it \i parallel to the > c y 1 i n d e slide-rods. feu Guide-bars Guild, gild. n. An association of men, of the same class or kindred pursuits, for mutual aid and protection. — Guild''- hall, -hawl, n. The hall where a guild or corpora- tion assemble. Guile, gll, n. Craft; artifice; duplicity; deceit. Guillotine, giKlo-ten', n. A machine for beheading by the stroke of a steel blade. — v. t. [guil'lotiked' (-tend'), -tining.] To be- head with, etc. [Inventor's name.] Guilt, gilt, n. State resulting from violation of law; crim- inality and consequent ex- posure to punishment ; of- fense against right ; expo- sure to legal penalty or for- feiture. — Guilt'y, -T, a. [-IER,-IESX.] Evincing guilt; criminal ; wicked. — Guilt- ily, adv. — Guilt'iness, n.— Guiltless, a. Free from guilt or trial. — Guiltlessness, n. Guinea, gin'e, n. An old gold coin of En?., worth 21 shillings sterling, or about $5. — Guin'ea-fowl, -hen, n. A harsh voiced fowl allied to the pheas- ants, orig. f r. Africa. — worm, n. A long, parasitic worm of hot regions, burrowing in hu- man cellular tissue, esp. of the legs. Guinea-pig, gin'e-pig, n. A small Brazilian rodent. Guise, giz, u. External appear- ance in manner or dress; garb; mien; custom; mode; practice. Guitar, gi-tar', n. A stringed musical instrument, res em- Guillotine, without experience Guitar. bling the violin, having 6 strings, played upon with I the fingers. ; Gulch, gulch, n. Orig., a glutton ; a ravine ; deep ravine or water-course. ■ Gules, gulz, n. (Her.) A red color; red. Gulf, gulf, n. An abyss; deep chasm or basin. (Geog.) A large bay ; open sea. Gull, gul, n. (Ornith.) A web-footed sea-fowl, with long, narrow wings, and a straight beak hooked at the tip. A trick; fraud; one easily cheated; a dupe. — v.t. [gulled (guld), -ling.] To deceive, cheat, defraud. — GuKlible, -lT-bl, a. Easily deceived. Gullet, gullet, n. (Anat.) The esophagus. Some- thing resembling the food-passage. — Gul'ly, -II, n. A channel worn in the earth by a current of water; a ditch; gutter. — v. t. [gullied (-lid), -lying.] To wear into a gully. — Gulos'ity, -los'I-tl, n. Greedi- ness ; voracity. Gulp, gulp, v. t. [gulped (gulpt), gulping.] To swal- low eagerly, swallow up. — n. A swallow, or as much as is swallowed at once; a disgorging. Gum, gum, n. The hard, fleshy substance covering the jaws and investing the teeth. — Gum'-rash, n. (Med.) A cutaneous disease. Gum, gum, n. A vegetable secretion of many trees and plants which hardens when it exudes, but is soluble in water; also, with less propriety, exuda- tions not soluble in water, —v. t. [gummed (gumd), -ming.] To smear with, or unite or stiffen by gum. — v. i. To harden into gum, become gummy. — Gurn'my, -ml, -mous, -mus, a. [-miee, -miest.] Consisting of, producing, or covered with, gum; vis- cous ; adhesive. — Gum'-res'in, -rez / in, n. The milky juice of a plant solidified by exposure to air ; an inspissated sap ; a combination of true gum and resin, requiring both water and alcohol to entirely dissolve it. — tree, n. (Bot.) The black gum, of the southern U.S.; a large Australian tree. In the south- ern U. S., a hollow tree. Gumbo, gum'bo, n. Okra ; a dish composed of okra, tomatoes, and a little mustard together. Gump, sump, n. A foolish person ; dolt ; dunce. Gumption, gump'shun. n. Capacity ; shrewdness ; common sense. (Paint.) Art of preparing colors. Gun, gun, n. Any weapon having a long barrel from which missiles are thrown by the power of gun- powder, compressed air, etc. (Mil.) A cannon proper, as distinguished from howitzers, etc. — v. i. [gunned (gund), -ning.] To practice fowling or hunting small game. — Gun'ner, n. One who works a gun ; a naval warrant officer, in charge of the ordnance. — Gun'nery, -ner-I, n. Art and science of firing guns. — Gun'ning, n. Act or practice of hunting game with a gun. — Gun'nel, Gun'wale, -nel, n. (Xant.) The upper edge of a vessel's side; uppermost wale of a ship.— Gun'powder, n. A mix- ture of saltpeter, sulphur, and charcoal pulverized, granulated, and dried.— Gun'reach, n. The distance to which a gun will shoot ; gunshot. — Gun'shot, n. (Mil.) The distance of the point-blank range of a cannon-shot; effective distance to which shot can be thrown from a gun. — Gun'smith, n. One who makes or repairs small arms; armorer. — Gun-stock, n. The stock or wood in which the barrel of a gun is fixed. — Gun'-boat, n. (Mil.) A boat or vessel of light draught, fitted to carry guns. cot'ton, n. A highly explosive substance obtained by soaking cotton, etc., in nitric and sulphuric acids. — deck, n. (Naut.) Lower deck of a ship where the gun-room is ; main-deck of a frigate, etc., where guns are in battery. — met'al, n. An alloy of 9 parts of copper and 1 of tin, used for cannon, etc. — room, n. (Naid.) An apartment on the after end of the lower gun- deck of a ship of war, occupied by the gunner or as a mess-room by the lieutenants, etc. Gunnel, gun^nel, n. A little spotted fish, found on the N. Atlantic shores. Gunny, gun'nY, n. A strong, coarse kind of sacking. Gunter's Chain, gun'terz-chan. The chain commonly used for measuring land, — being 4 rods, or 66 feet, long. — G.-Scale. A rule, 2 feet long, with graduated lines for solving questions in arithmetic, etc. Gurgle, ggr'gl, v. i. [-gled (-gid), -gling.] To run or flow in a broken, noisy current. — n. Sound made by flowing liquid. sun, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. GURNARD 170 HACKLE Gurnard, ger'nard, -net, n. A sea-fish, having a large and spiny head with mailed cheeks, and making a grunting noise when caught. Gush, gush, v. i. [gushed (gusht), gushing.] To now copiously, rush forth as a fluid from continement; to act with a sudden and rapid impulse: to talk effusively, enthusiastically, or affectedly. — n . Violent issue of a fluid from au inclosed place ; fluid thus emitted ; sentimentality. — Gust, n. A blast of wind ; burst of passion.— Gust'y, -I, a. Subject to, or attended by, gusts ; tempestuous. Gusset, gus'set, n. A piece of cloth inserted in a gar- ment, to strengthen or enlarge some part. Gust, n. A squall. See under Gush. Gust, gust, Gus'to, n. The sense or pleasure of tast- ing; keen appreciation ; relish: capacitv for enjoy- ment ; taste. — Gust'atory, -to-rl, a. Pert, to taste. Gut, gut, n. The intestinal canal of an animal ; a string made from an intestine; a narrow passage or channel of water. pi. The whole mass of intestines. — v. t. To take out the bowels from, eviscerate; to destroy the interior of. Gutta, gut'ta, n. ; pi. -t.e, -te. A drop. {Arch.) One of a series of ornaments, shaped like a frustum of a cone, beneath the tri- glyphs, also the mutules, in the Doric order.— Gut- ter, n. A channel for con- r,,ft» veying away rain from a ljUl1 *' roof, also at the road side, etc. — v. t. [guttered (-terd), -tering.] To form into small, longitudinal hollows or channels. — r. i. To become hollowed or channeled. — Gut'tiform, a. Drop-shaped. Gutta-percha, gut'ta-per'cha, n. An inelastic inspis- sated sap from trees of the Malayan archipelago, re- sembling caoutchouc in its properties. Guttural, gufter-al, a. Pert, to, or formed in, the throat. — n. A letter pronounced in the throat. Guy, gi, n. A rope or rod attached to anything to steady it. Guy, gi, n. A grotesque effigy of Guy Fawkes, dressed up in Eng., on Nov. 5th, anniversary of the Gunpow- der Plot; a person of queer dress or appearance. Guzzle, guz'zl, v. i. [-zled (-zld), -zling.] To swal- low liquor greedily, drink frequently. — v. t. To swallow much or often. — n. An insatiable person. Gybe, jib, v. t. & i. [gybed (jibd), gybing.] (Xaut.) To shift from one side of a vessel to the other. Gymnasium, jim-na / 'z}-um, n. ; pi. -sia, -zl-a. A place for athletic exercises; school for the higher branches of literature and science. — Gym'nast, n. One who teaches or practices gymnastic exercises ; manager of a gymnasium. — Gymnas'tic, -tical, a. Pert, to, etc. — Gymnas'tically, udr. — Gymnas'tic, n. Ath- letic exercise; one who practices or teaches, etc.— Gymnas'tics, n. Athletic exercises, or the art of performing, etc. Gypsum, jip'sum, a. (Min.) A mineral consisting of sulphate of lime and 21 per cent, of water: when burnt to drive off the water, and ground up, it forms plaster of Paris. Gypsy, Gipsy, Gypsey, jip'sTt, n. ; pL -sies, -siz. One of a vagabond race, orig. fr. India, living by theft, fortune-telling, tinkering, etc. ; a cunning or crafty person. Gyrus, ji'rus, n. ; pi. -Ri^-ri. (Auat.) A convolution of the brain. — Gy'rate^rat, v. i. To revolve round a cen- tral point, move spirally.— Gyra'tion, n. Act of turn- ing or whirling around a fixed center; a circular or spiral motion; rotation. — Gy'ratory, -to-rT, a. Mov- ing in a circle, or spirally.— Gyr'falcon, jer'faw-kn, n. A falcon from the far north, bolder and stron- ger than the peregrine or common European falcon. — Gy'roscope, -skop, n. A rotating wheel mounted in a ring or rings, illustrating the dynamics of rota- ting bodies, composition of rotations, etc. Gyve, jiv, n. A shackle, esp. one to confine the legs; a fetter. — v. t. [gyved (jivd), gyving.] To fetter. H. H, ach, the Sth letter of the Eng. alphabet, commonly classed as a consonant, is a mere breathing, aspira- ting a following vowel. (JIus.) The 7th degree in the diatonic scale, used by Germans for B natural. Ha, ha, interj. An exclamation of surprise, joy, or grief. Habeas Corpus, ha / be-as-k6r' , pus. (Law.) A writ to bring a party before a court or judge ; esp., one to inquire into the cause of a person's imprisonment or detention by another, to protect the right to per- sonal liberty. *[L., you may haveti|i|Apdy.] Haberdasher, haVer-dash'er, n. oKWler of small wares, such as tapes, pins, needle^tttread, etc. Habiliment, ha-MKT-ment, 7i. A garment ; clothing. Habit, hab'it, n. The usual condition of a person or thing ; ordinary state ; esp. physical temperament ; fixed custom ; involuntary tendency or aptitude to perform certain actions, acquired by their fre- quent repetition ; manner ; way ; custom ; moral character ; attire ; dress ; habiliment ; a garment, esp. a closely fitting coat worn by ladies. — v. t. To dress, clothe, arrav. —Habitant, n. An inhabitant; dweller; resident.— Hab'itable, a.— Hab'itableness, -ability, -tT, n. — Hab'itancy, -an-sT, n. Same as Inhabitancy. — Habitation, n. Act of inhabit- ing ; state of dwelling : place of abode ; mansion ; residence. — Habifual, -u-al, a. Formed or ac- quired by, or according to, habit ; rendered per- manent by continued causes. — Habifually, adv. — Habit'uate, v. t. To make accustomed, accustom; familiarize. — Habifua'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. — Hab'itude, -tad, n. Frequent repeti- tion of an act or feeling, and its resulting conse- quence ; customary manner or mode of living, feel- ing, or acting. — Habitue, a-bit / oo-a r , n. One habit- uated to a certain place, employment, etc. ; a fre- quenter. Hack, hak, v. t. [hacked (hakt), hacking.] To cut irregularly and awkwardly, notch ; to speak with stops or hesitation. — v. i. To cough in a broken manner, hawk. — n. A notch ; cut : hesitating or faltering speech. — Hag'gle, v. t. [-gled (-gld), -gling.] To cut into small pieces; to roughen by cutting; to tease, worry. — v. i. To be difficult in bargaining, chaffer, higgle. — Hig'gle, v. i. [-gled (-gld), -gling.] To carry provisions about for sale ; to chaffer. Hack, hak, u. A horse, or carriage, let out for com- mon hire; a familv horse used in all kinds of work; a man who hires "himself out for literary work ; a drudge ; a large pick for working stone ; a rack for feeding cattle; a frame for drying fish, or cheeses; a place where bricks are dried before burning ; the wooden frame in the tailrace of a mill. —a. Hack- neyed; hired; mercenary. — Hack'ney, -nT, n. ; pi. -neys, -niz. A hack; nag; pony; one worn by hired drudgery: a hireling; prostitute. — a. Let out for hire; prostitute; much used; common; trite. — v.t. [hackneyed (-nid), -neying.] To devote to com- mon use, as a horse or coach; to make trite or com- monplace. Hackberry, hak'bSr-rY, n. An Amer. tree, resembling an elm, bearing a small, edible fruit. Hackle, hak'l, Heck'le, Hatch/ el, hach'l, v. t. [-led (-Id), -ling.] To separate, as the coarse part of flax or hemp from the fine, by drawing it through the am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r ; HACKMATACK 171 HAND Haddock. teeth of a hackle or hatchel; to tear rudely asunder. — n. An instrument with teeth for separating (coarse flax from fine) ; any flimsy substance un- spun, as raw silk; a fly for angling. Hackmatack, halfma-tak, n. The black larch or tamarack tree. Had. See Have. Haddock, had'dok, n. A sea-fish smaller than the cod, which it resembles. Hades, ha'dez, n. The hab- itation of the dead. Haft, haft, n. A handle (of a sword, etc.); hilt. Hag, hag, n. An ugly old woman; a fury; she-monster; a witch ;. sorceress. — Hag'gard, a. Appearing wasted by want; thin; hol- low-eyed. Haggard, hag'gard, a. Wild or intractable. — n. An untrained hawk; anything wild or intractable. Haggle. See under Hack, v. t. Hagiographa, hag-I-og'ra-fa, it. pi. That part of the Old Testament not embraced by the Law and the Prophets; the lives of the saints.— Hagiol'ogy, -j i, m. A narrative of the lives of the saints. Haguebut, hatfbut or hag-'e-but. See Akquebuse. Hah, interj. Same as Ha. Ha-ha, ha-ha', n. A fence, wall, or ditch sunk in a slope so as not to be seen until one is close upon it. Hail, hal, n. Frozen rain, or grains of ice precipi- tated from the clouds, —v. i. [hailed (hald), hail- ing.] To pour down masses of ice or frozen vapor. — v. t. To pour down, as hail. Hail, hal, interj. An exclamation of salutation. — n. A wish of health; a salutation. — v. t. To call to one at a distance ; to salute ; to name, address. In the phrase, to hail from, to assign as a ship's port of reg- istry, or the place whence one comes or to which one belongs. —Hale, a. Sound; healthy; robust. Hair, har, n. A small animal filament growing from the skin, or a mass of such. (Bot.) A filament on the surface of plants. {Jlech.) A secondary spring in some rifle or pistol locks, to unlock the tumbler. — Haify, -X, a. Made of, covered with, or like, etc. — Half - iness, n. — Hairless, a. Without hair. — Haif - breadth, n. The diameter or breadth of a hair; a very small distance. — a. Very narrow. Hake, hak, n. A sea-fish of the cod family, having only 2 dorsal fins. Halberd, hol'berd,-bert, n. An ancient weapon, a combination of battle-ax, iiaue. spear, and bill-hook, with a handle 6 ft. long. Haicyon, hafsl-on, n. The king-fisher. —a. Pert, to, or like the halcyon, which was said to lay her eggs near the sea during the calm weather about the winter solstice; peaceful; happy. Hale, hal, a. Sound; healthy. Hale, hal or hawl, v. t. [haled (hald or hawld), hal- ing.] To drag, haul. Half, haf, n. ; pi. Halves, havz. One of 2 equal parts of a thing. —a. Consisting of a moietv, or half. — adv. In part, or in an equal part or degree.— Halve, hav, v. t. [halved (havd), halving.] To divide into 2 equal parts. — Half-and-half, n. A mixture of beer or porter and ale. — blood, a. Relation be- tween persons born of the same father or of the same mother, but not of both. — blood'ed, a. Proceeding from a male and female of different breeds or races; degenerate ; mean. breed, n. A person who is half-blooded : esp. the offspring of Indians and whites. — brotb/er, n. A brother bv one parent only. — sis'ter, n.— -caste, n. One born of a Hindoo parent on the one side, and of a European on the other. — cock, n. The position of the cock of a gun when retained by the first notch. — note, n. (ILus.) A minim, in value ^ one half of a semi- ~y f^j breve, or whole note, * and represented thus: — -pay, n. Half the amount of wages or fj H , f N . salary: more common- ±laU: iNoteb - ly, diminished or reduced pay.— -penny, haf pen-nT, hap'pen-nY.or ha'pen-nt, n.'pl.; Half-pence, haf-. :=(==£=£ An English coin worth 1 cent ; the value of half a penny. — step,?*. (Mus.) A semitone. — way,«cZu. In the middle ; at half the distance ; imperfectly ; par- tially. — u. Midway; equally distant from the ex- tremes. Halibut, hof l-but, n. A large, edible flat-fish, dark above and white beneath. Hall, hawl, n. A building or large room devoted to public business or domestic convenience ; a pas- sage-way at the entrance of a house or suite of chain* bers ; a manor-house ; a large edifice belonging to a collegiate institution; a place of public assembly ; a college in an English university. Halleluiah, jah, hal'le-lu'ya, Al'lehfiah, n. & interj. Praise ye Jehovah, — an exclamation used in songs of praise and in thanksgiving to God. Halloo, hal-loo', v. i. [-looed (-lood'), -looing.] To cry out, call to by name, or by the word halloo. — v. t. To encourage with shouts, chase with shouts, call or shout to. — n. A call to invite attention. — interj. Ho, there! ho! Hallow, haflo, v. t. [-lowed (-lod), -lowing.] To make holy, consecrate, treat as sacred.— Hal'loweon', -en', n. The evening preceding All Saints' day. Hallucination, hal-lu'sl-na'shun, n. Error; delusion; mistake ; an illusion of sensible perception, occa- sioned by some bodilv or organic disorder. Halo, halo, n. ; pi. Ha'los, -loz. A circle of light; in painting, a glory ; a luminous circle round the sun or moon. — v. t. or i. [haloed (-lod), haloing.] To form, or surround with, a halo. Halt, hawlt, v. i. To stop in walking or marching ; to step lamely, limp; to hesitate ; to have an irregu- lar rhythm, —v. t. (Mil.) To cause to cease march- ing ; to stop. — a. Halting in walking ; lame. — n. A stop in marching; act of limping; lameness. Halter, hawl'ter, ?i A strong strap or cord ; esp. i strap and headstall for a horse ; a rope for hanging malefactors, — v. I To put a halter on. malefactors. — v. t. [haltered (-terd), -teking.. Halve. See under Half. Halyard, Halliard, hafyard, n. (Naut.) A rope or tackle for hoisting or lowering yards, sails, flags, etc. Ham, ham, n. The inner or hind part of the knee; the thigh of any animal, esp. that of a hog cured by salting and smoking. — Hanf string, n. One of the tendons of the leg.— v. t. [hamstrung or -stringed (-stringd), -stringing.] To lame or disable by cut- ting the tendons, etc. Hames, hamz, n. pi. The curved pieces fastening a horse's traces and harness to the collar. Hamlet, hamlet, n. A small village. Hammer, hanfmer, n. An instrument for driving nails, beating metals, etc.; something- of like form or action, as the striker of a clock, gun lock, etc. — v. t. [HAMMERED (-liierd), -MERING.J To beat, form, or forge with a hammer: to contrive by intellectual labor. — v. i. To be busy; to be in agitation. Hammock, hanfmok. n. A netting or cloth suspended by clews, to hold a bed, etc. Hamper, hanfper, n. A larsj-e basket^ a; con veying thingflSi • mar ke't, etc. AnS BM ru- ment that shad ses; a fetter. — v. t. [ham- peked (-perd), per- Hammock. ing.] To'put a fetter on, shackle, encumber. Hand, hand, v. The outer extremity of the human arm, consisting of the palm, thumb, and fingers; that which resembles a hand, as, a limb of certain animals, or an index or pointer of a dial; a measure of the hand's breadth; 4 inches; a palm, — applied to the measurement of a horse's height; side; part; direction; power of performance; skill; actual per- formance; deed; act; an agent, servant, or laborer; style of handwriting ; chirography ; possession ; ownership; course of performance or execution; agency in the transmission from one person to an- other: that which is held in a hand at once. —v. t. To give, transmit, lead, guide, or lift, with the hand.— Hand'y, -t,a. [-ier, -iest.] Skillful in using the hand ; dexterous : adroit ; ready to the hand ; convenient. — Hand'ily, adv. -^ Hand'cuff, n. A fas- sun, cube, full ; moon, fotit ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. HANG 172 HARM tening consisting of a ring around the wrist, usually connected bv a chain with one on the other wrist; a manacle.— v. t. [handcuffed (-kuft), -cuffing.] To put handcuffs on; to manacle. — Hand'ful, -ful, a. : pi. -fuls. As much as the hand will contain; a small quantity or number. — Hand'maid, -maiden, n. A maid that waits at hand; a female servant.— Hand'writ'ing, n. The form of writing peculiar to each hand or person; chirography; what is written by hand; manuscript. — Handicap, n. A race in which the horses carry different weights, according to their age and character for speed, etc., to equalize the chances as much as possible ; an allowance of a certain amount of time or distance in starting, f:ranted in a race to the competitor possessing in- erior advantages. — v. t. To encumber with a handicap; to hamper. — Handicraft, n. Manual occupation; work performed by the hand. —Hand- icraftsman, n. ; pi. -men. A man skilled in manual occupation ; a manufacturer. — Handiwork, n. Work done by the hands. — Hand'kerchief, hank / '- Sr-chif, n. A cloth, for wiping the face, etc.; a neck- erchief; neckcloth. — Handle, -1, v. t. [-led (-Id), -ling.] To touch; to use or hold with the hand; to manage or wield; to make familiar bj r frequent touching; to deal with, practice; to treat; to practice on, transact with; to discourse on, discuss.— n. That part of a vessel or instrument held in the hand when used.— Hand'some, han'sum, a. [-somer, -somest.] Having a pleasing appearance or expression; come- ly; good-looking; marked with propriety and ease; appropriate; liberal; generous; moderately large. Hang, hang, v. t. [hanged (hangd) or hung, hang- ing. Hanged is preferable to hung when reference is had to execution by suspension.] To suspend; to fasten, so as to allow of free motion upon the point or points of suspension: to put to death by suspending; to decorate by hanging pictures, trophies, drapery, etc.; to droop.— v. i. To be suspended, dangle, de- pend; to be fastened so as to allow free motion on the point of suspension; to rest for support, depend; to be a weight; to hover, impend; to lean or in- cline.— n. The manner in which one part hangs upon another; connection; arrangement; plan. — Hang'er, n. One who, or that which, etc.; a short sword; that by which a tiling is suspended, esp. (Mach.) a part suspending a journal-box, in which shafting runs. — Hang'er-on, n. One who hangs on, or sticks to, a person, place, or plan; a dependent.— Hanging, )(. Death by suspension; that which is hung, as, drapery for a room. — Hang'-dog, n. A de- graded man, fit only to be the hangman of dogs. — a. Like, etc. — Hang'- man, n. ; pi. -men. One who hangs another ; a public executioner.— J/fiP; Hang'nail, n. A small <* piece of skin hanging fr. sfj the root of a finger-nail.— ^/ Hang'bird, n. The Balti- more oriole, — whose nest hangs from the limb of a <^—^, tree. — nest, n. The nest - h'l of, etc.— Hang 'ing- but- ' tress, n. (Arch.} A but- tress supported upon a corbel, and not standing solid on the foundation. — Hank, hank, n. Two or more skeins of .yarn or thread tied together. (Naut.) A ring sliding on a stay, to which a sail is bent. — Hank 'er, v. i. [-eked (-erd), -ering.] To desire vehemently. Hap, hap, n. That' which happens or conies suddenly or unexpectedly; chance; fortune; accident; casual event; fate; lot. — v. i. [happed (hapt), -ping.] To happen, befall, come by chance. — Haply, -IT, adv. By hap, chance, or accident; perhaps.— Hapless, a. Without hap or luck; unfortunate ; unhappy. — Hap'-haz'ard, n. Extra hazard; chance; accident. — Hap'pen, -pn, v. i. [-pened (-pnd), -pening.] To come by chance, fall out; to take place, occur. — Hap'py, -pi, a. [-pier, -piest.] Favored by hap, Hang-nest. luck, or fortune; successful; enjoying good; de- lighted; satisfied; secure of good;prosperous;blessed; furnishing enjoyment; propitious; favorable.— Hap'- pily, -pl-ll, adr. By good fortune; in a happy man- ner, state, or circumstances; with address or dexter- ity; luckily; successfully; felicitously; gracefully. — Hap'pines's, -/). Hara-kiri, ha'ra-ke'rl, n. A Japanese method of sui- cide by cutting open the stomach. [Incorrectly written hari-kari.'] Harangue, ha-rang', n. A speech addressed to a pub- lic assembly: a popular oration; declamation; rant- ing.— v. i. [harangued (-rangd"), -kanguing.] To address a large assembty. — v. t. To address by a harangue. Harass, har'as, ?.-. t. [-assed (-ast), -assing.] To fa- tigue to excess; to weary with importunity, care, or perplexity; to annoy an enemy by repeated and un- i looked-for attacks ; to weary, jade, tease, vex, dis- turb. Harbinger, har /r bin-jer, n. An officer of the Eng. royal household who precedes the court when trav- eling, to provide lodgings, etc.; a forerunner; pre- ! cursor. — v. t. [harbingered (-jerd), -GERING.] To precede and announce, usher in. Harbor, har'ber, n. A place of security and comfort; a lodging; asylum; a refuge for ships; port or haven. I — v. t. [harbored (-berd), -boring.] To entertain as a guest, shelter; to protect (a ship from storms); I to secrete (a thief); to indulge, cherish (malice, etc.). ! — v. i. To lodge or abide for a time ; to take shelter. Hard, hard, a. Not easily penetrated, or separated , into parts ; not yielding to pressure ; difficult to i penetrate with the understanding; difficult to ac- complish: full of obstacles; difficult to resist or con- trol; difficult to bear or endure; severe; oppressive; unreasonable; unjust; difficult to please or touch; i not easy to influence; not agreeable to the taste; ; rough, acid, sour, as liquors. (Pron.) Abrupt or ', explosive in utterance. — adv. With pressure; with urgency; diligently; earnestly; with difficulty; un- j easily: vexatiously; vigorously; energetically; rap- idly; violently. — Hardly, adv. In a difficult man- ner; scarcely; barely; severe^; harshly; roughly. — Hard'en, -n, v. t. [-ened (-nd), -ening.] To make hard or more hard; to indurate; to strengthen, inure; to confirm in wickedness, obstinacy, etc. — i v. i. To become hard or more hard, acquire solid- ity; to become strengthened. — Hard'ener, -n-er, n. One who hardens. — Hard'hack, re. A very astrin- gent plant, common in pastures. — Hard'ship, n. That which is hard to bear, — as toil, injurj r , etc. — Hard'ware, n. Ware made of metal, as cutlery, kitchen furniture, etc. — Hard'-fa'vored, a. Having coarse or harsh features. — fist'ed, «. Having hard or strong hands, as a laborer: covetous; niggardly. — Hard'y, -I, a. [-ier, -iest.] Bold; brave ; stout ; intrepid; full of assurance; impudent; strong; firm; compact ; inured to fatigue ; able to bear exposure to cold weather. — Hard'ihood, -iness, n. Boldness, united with firmness and constancy of mind ; au- dacity; impudence. — Hardily, adr. Hare, har, n. A swift rodent, having long hind legs and ears, short tail, and divided upper lip. — Hare'-lip, n. A lip, commonly the upper one, having a fissure or per- pendicular division like that of a hare. — Har Her, , I h&rll-er, re. A kind of hound used in hunting hares. Harem, halem, n. The apartments allotted to females ; in the East; the wives and concubines belonging to one man. , Harier, Harrier. See under Hare and Harry. Hark, hark, v. i. To listen. [Imperat. of hearken, q. v.] Harlequin, harle-kin or -kwin, n. A buffoon, dressed in party-colored clothes ; a merry -andrew ; zany. Harlot, harlot, n. A prostitute; strumpet.— Harlot- ry, -rl, n. Trade or practice of, etc.; prostitution. j Harm, harm, re. Injury; hurt; damage; misfortune; , evil: wickedness. — v. r. [harmed (harmd), harm- ing.] To hurt, damage.— Harmful, -ful, a. Full of I harm; injurious. — Harmless, a. Free' from harm am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r HARMONY 173 HATCHMENT or from power or disposition to harm: innocent; un- harmed. — Harmlessly, adv. — Harni'lessness, n. Harmony, har'mo-nT, n. Just adaptation of parts to each other; concord or agreement in facts, opinions, manners, interests, etc. ; a literary work which brings together parallel passages respecting the same events, and shows their consistency. (Mus.) Musical concord ; a succession of chords according to the rules of progression and modulation ; science of their construction and progression.— Harmo'nious, -nT-us, a. Adapted to each other ; symmetrical ; agreeing in action or feeling; musically concordant; symphonious. — Harmo'niously, adv. — Harmonic, -ical, a. Concordant; musical; consonant. (Mus.) Relating to harmony or music; harmonious. {Math.) Having relations or properties bearing some resem- blance to those of musical consonances. — Harmon'- ics, 11. sing. & pi. Sing. Doctrine or science of mu- sical sounds. PI. (Mus.) Secondary tones which accompany any principal, and apparently simple, tone, as the octave, the 12th, the loth, and the 17th. — Har'monist, n. One who shows the harmony of corresponding passages of different authors, as of the 4 evangelists. (Mus.) A musical composer.— Harmo'nium, -ni-um, n. A keyed instrument of music, in which the tones are produced by the vibra- tion of free reeds. — Har'monize, v.. i. [-nized (-nizd), -nizing.] To agree in action, adaptation, or effect on the mind; to be in peace and friendship, as individuals or families ; to agree in vocal or mu- sical effect.— v. t. To adjust in lit proportions, cause to agree ; to show the harmony of. (Mus.) To ac- company with harmony. — Haf 'moniz / er, n. Harness, har'nes, v. The iron covering which a sol- dier formerly wore ; armor of a horse; equipments of a draught horse ; tackle; tackling; the part of a loom comprising the heddies with their means of | support and motion. — v. t. [harnessed (-nest), -NESSING.] To dress in armor, equip for defense, J make ready for draught. Harp, harp, n. An upright, stringed instrument of , music, usually played with the fingers of both hands. — v. i. [HARPED (harpt), harp- ing.] To play on the harp; to dwell tediously or monotonous- ly in speaking or writing. — Harp'er, -ist, n. A player on the harp. — Harp'- sichord, -sT- k6rd, n. A mu- sical instru- ment, now su- perseded by the piano-forte. Harping-iron, harp 'ing-i'crn. Harpoon', -poon', n. A barbed javelin, with cord at- tached, for striking large fish, whales, etc.— v. t. [har- pooned (-pocnd / '), -pooning.] To catch or kill with, etc. Harpings, harp'ingz, n. pi. (N~aut.) The fore parts of the wales, encompassing the bow of a ship. Harpy, har'pi, n. ; pi. -pies, -piz. (Myth.) A fabu- lous winged monster, ravenous and filthy, having a woman's face and vulture's body. One who is ra- pacious; an extortioner, plunderer. (Ornith.) The marsh harrier. A large, crested, stout-legged, preda- ceous bird of Mexico and South America, — the harpy eagle. Harquebuse. Same as Arquebuse. Harridan, har'ri-dan, n. A decayed strumpet; a hag. [hashed (hasht), hashing.] To pieces, mince and mix. — n. That Harrier, n. A dog. See under Hare. — A bird. See under Harry. Harrow, har'ro, n. An iron-toothed instrument drawn over plowed land to level it and break the clods, and to cover seed when sown. — v. t. [harrowed (-rod), -rowing.] To draw a harrow over, to break clods and level the surface or to cover seed sown; to lacerate, torment, harass. — Har'rower, n. One who harrows; a hawk; a harrier. Harry, har'rT, v. t. [-ried (-rid), -rying.] To strip, pillage ; to worry, harrow. — Har'rier, -rT-er, n. A low-flying bird of the falcon family, of several spe- cies. Harsh, harsh, a. Rough to the touch, taste, or feel- ing ; grating; austere; severe. — Harsh'ness, n. Hart, hart, n. A stag ; the male of the red deer. — Harts'horn, n. The antler of the hart, or male deer. — Salt of hartshorn. An impure solid.carbon- ate of ammonia, obtained by distillation of harts- horn. — Spirit of h. A solution of carbonate of am- monia. Harum-scarum, har''um-skar / 'um, o. Wild ; rash. Harvest, har'vest, n. The season of gathering crops; that which is reaped; product of any labor; gain. — v. t. To reap or gather (fruits, etc.)' Has. 3d 2)erson sing, of Have. Hash, hash, v. t. chop into small pieces, which is chopped up ; minced meat, or meat and vegetables minced; a second preparation or exhibi- tion of old matter. Hasheesh, -ish, hasheesh, n. A slightly acrid, narcotic and intoxicating gum-resin, produced by common hemp when cultivated in warm climates. Haslet, haslet, n. Inwards of a beast, esp. of a hog, used for food. Hasp, hasp, n. A clasp, esp. one that passes over a staple to be fastened Dy a padlock; a spindle to wind thread on.— v. t. [hasped (haspt), hasping.] To fasten with a hasp. Hassock, has'sok, n. A thick mat for kneeling in church. Hast. 2d person sing, of Have. Hastate, has'tat, -tated, a. (Bot.) Shaped like the head of_ a halberd. Haste, hast, n. Celerity of motion; state of being urged or pressed by business; sudden excitement of feeling or passion; dispatch; hurry; precipitation. — Haste, Has'ten, has^n, v. t. [hast'ed, hastened (haVnd); hast'ing, has'tening.] To drive or urge forward, push on, expedite, hurry. — v. i. To move with celerity, be rapid, speedy, or i quick. — Hast'y, -l, a. [-ier, -iest.] Quick ; speedy ; forward ; eager; precipitate; rash; caused by, or indicating, passion. Hat, hat, n. A covering for the head, esp. one with a crown and brim.— Hat'ter, n. One who makes or sells hats. Hatch, bach, v. t. [hatched (hacht), hatching.] To Eroduce from eggs by incubation, or by artificial eat; to contrive or plot; to originate. — v. i. To produce young, bring the young to maturity, — n. As many chickens as are produced at once; a brood; act of exclusion from the egg; disclosure; discovery. Hatch, hach, v. t. To cross with lines in a peculiar manner in drawing and engraving. — Hatch'et, n. A'small, short-handled ax, to be used with one hand. — To bury the hatchet. To make peace.— To take up the h. To make war, — fr. practice of Amer. Indians. Hatch, hach, n. A door with an opening over it; a weir for catching fish; a floodgate; a bed-frame; the frame of cross-bars laid over the opening in a ship's deck; cover of the opening in a deck or floor, or into a cellar ; hatchway. — Hatch'-boat, n. A swift-sail- ing, yacht-like fishing boat, having a small sail at the stern and no bowsprit. — -way, n. An opening in a deck, floor, etc., covered by a hatch or trap- door. Hatchel. Same as Hackle. Hatchet. See under Hatch, to cross with lines. Hatchment, hach'ment, n. (Her.) A frame bearing Hastate Leaf. sun, cube, full ; moon, fo"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. HATE 174 HEAD the escutcheon of a dead person, placed in front of the house, on a hearse, or in a church. An ornament on the hilt of a sword. Hate, hat, v. t. To have a great aversion to, dislike, regard with ill-will, abhor, detest, loathe. — n. Strong- dislike or aversion ; hatred. — Hat'er, n. — Hat' able, a. — Hate'ful, -ful, a. Manifesting hatred Hatchment. exciting or deserving dislike or disgust; odious; de- testable : loathsome; malignant. — Hate'fuUy, adv. — Hate'fulness, n. — Ha'tred, n. Very great dislike; odium; enmity; rancor; repugnance; antipathy. Hauberk, haWberk,?;. A shirt of mail formed of steel rings interwoven. / Haughty, haw'ti, a. [-tier, -tiest.] High; lofty; having a high opinion of one's self, with contempt for others ; expressing or indicating haughtiness; proud ; arrogant ; scornful ; imperious. — Haugb/- tily, -ti-lT, adv. — Haugh'tiness, n. Quality of be- ing, etc. ; superciliousness ; loftiness. — Hauteur, o-ter r , n. Haughty manner or spirit ; haughtiness ; pride. [F.] Haul, hawl, v. t. [hauled (hawld), hauling.] To pull or draw with force; to drag: to transport by drawing. — ?.'.?'. (Naut.) To change the direction of a ship, sail with changed course. To pull apart, as badlv trained oxen, when yoked, — n. A pulling with'force ; a draught of a net; that taken at once (by hauling a net, etc.). Haulm, Halm, Haum, hawm, n. The stem or stalk of grain, beans, etc.; straw. Haunch, hanch, n. The hip; thigh; hind quarter; that Eart of an animal : ody between loin l^«-cT\ vxTTy and buttock. See '• — A ^ N ^ ' l - ;J / ' ' Horse. — Haunches of an arch. {Arch.) _Z\d WW The parts between /Wfy /^-.f ^ilc-^-^-J the crown and the---™------- ; -to?— A A, Haunches of an Arch, frequent, resort to frequently; to visit pertinacious- ly or intrusively; to infest, as a ghost or apparition. — v. i. To persist in staying or visiting. — n. A place to which one frequently resorts. Hautboy, ho'boi, n. An oboe; a wooden musical pipe, with a reed, finger holes, and keys, resemb- -- ling the clarionet. A treble stop in an organ. If ( Bot.) A sort of strawberry. Hauteur. See under Haughty. Have, hav, v. t. [had, having. Indie pres- ent, I have, thou hast, he has; we, ye, they have.'] To own, hold in possession; to pos- sess, as something which appertains to, is connected with, or affects one; to hold, re- gard, or esteem; to accept possession of; to obtain; hence, to beget or Dear (young); to cause or procure to be, effect, require; to cause or force to go: to take; to take or hold one's self; to be under obligation. Havelock, haVe-lok, n. A light cloth cover- J9I ing for the head and neck, used by soldiers. Jgm Haven, ha'vn, n. A harbor ; port ; place of tjSSgv safety; shelter; asylum. 7J W 7 Haversack, hav'er-sak, ??. A bag in which a -Ham- soldier carries his rations when on a march; D0V - leather bag for carrying charges from ammunition chest to gun. Havoc, hav'ok, n. Wide and general destruction; dev- astation ; waste. — v. t. To waste, destroy, lay waste. — interj. A cry orig. used in hunting, after- ward in war as signal" for slaughter. Haw, haw, n. A hedge; an inclosed garden or yard; the berry and seed of the hawthorn. - Haw'fincn, n. A small bird; the gross-beak. — Haw'thorn, n. A thorny flowering shrub or tree,— used in Europe for hedges. — Haw'haw, Ha'-ha, ??. A fence or ditch sunk between slopes, so that it is not perceived till approached. Haw, haw, n. A hesitation or intermission of speech. — v. i. [hawed (hawd), hawing.] To stop, in speak- ing, with a sound like haw, speak with hesitation. Haw, haw, v. i. To turn to the near side, or toward the driver,— said of cattle or a team.— v. t. To cause (a team) to turn to the near side (U. S., the left side). Hawk, hawk, n. A rapacious bird of many species, re- sembling the falcons, except in the shortness of its wings; a falcon. — v. i. [hawked (hawkt), hawk- ing.] To catch birds by means of hawks trained for the purpose; to practice falconry; to soar or strike like a hawk. Hawk, hawk, v. i. To make an effort to force up phlegm with noise. — ?-, f. To raise (phlegm) by hawking. — ??.. A nois3' effort to force up phlegm from the throat. Hawk, hawk, v. t. To sell by outcry; to cry, peddle. — Hawk'er, ??. A peddler. Hawse, hawz, n. (Naut.) The situation of the cables before a vessel's stem, when moored with 2 anchors, one on either bow; distance ahead to which the ca- bles usually extend. — Hawse'hole, n. A hole in the bow of a ship, through which a cable passes. — Haws'er, n. (Kant.) A small cable ; a large rope, in size between a cable and a tow-line. Hay, ha, n. Grass dried for fodder. ■*- v. i. To cut and dry grass for preservation.— Hay'-cock, ??. Aconical pile of hay, in the field.— -fe'ver, n. (Med.) A catarrh accompanied with fever, and sometimes with parox- ysms of dyspnoea, to which some persons are sub- ject in the spring and summer; hay-asthma; hay- cold ; rose-cold ; rose-fever. Hazard, haz'ard, ??. That which comes suddenly or unexpectedly; chance; accident; casualty; danger; peril; risk; a game at dice. — v. t. To expose to chance or evil ; to venture to incur, or bring on; to endanger. — v. i. To encounter risk or danger. — Haz'ardous, -us, a. Exposed to hazard; risky; bold; daring; precarious; dangerous; uncertain. Haze, haz, n. A slight lack of transparency in the air; light vapor or smoke in the air ; dimness. — v. i. To be hazy. — Ha'zy, -zT, a. Thick with haze. Haze, haz, v. t. [hazed (hazd), hazing.] To vex with chiding or reproof : to play abusive tricks upon. Hazel, ha'zl, n. A nut-bearing shrub or small tree used for making hoops, crates, charcoal for gunpow- der and crayons, etc. — a. Of a light brown color. He, he, pron. [710m. he; p>oss. his; obj. him; pi. nam. they; poss. theirs; obj. them.] The man or mascu- line being or object named before; any man; the man or person ; man ; any male person. —Himself'', pron. An emphasized form of lie; having command of himself ; in his true character.— 7?>y 7? imse 7 /. Alone. Head, hed, n. That part of any animal body contain- ing the perceptive organs of sense, and foremost or uppermost in the creature's locomotion; the upper- most, foremost, or most important part of an inani- mate object; the larger, thicker, or heavier part or extremity; place where the head should go; chief; leader; place of honor, or of command; an individ- ual; seat of the intellect; brain; understanding; the source, fountain, spring, or beginning, as of a stream or river; hence, the altitude of the source, and also the quantity in reserve, and the pressure resulting from either; that part of a gulf or bay most remote from the outlet; a separate part of a discourse; cul- minating point or crisis; strength; force; height; a rounded mass of foam on beer, etc.; ahead-dress; power ; armed force ; an ear of wheat, barley, or other small cereal; the eatable part of a cabbage, etc. — v. t. To be at the head of; to lead, direct; to form a head to, fit or furnish with a head; to get in front of, so as to hinder or stop; to check or restrain. — v. i. To originate ; to go or tend ; to form a head. — Head'ing.rc. Act of providing with ahead; what stands at the head ; title ; material for the heads of casks. (Mining.) A gallery, drift, or adit in a mine. (Sewing.) The extension of a line of ruffling above the line of stitch. (Masonry.) End of a stone pre- sented outward — Head'y, -f, a. Willful; rash; hasty; apt to affect the head; intoxicating. — Head' - - iness, n. Rashness ; stubbornness ; obstinacy. — am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, ice ; Odd, tone, 6r ; HEAL 175 HEAVEN Head 'ache, n. Pain in the head. — Headland, n. (Geog.) A cape; promontory. A ridge or strip of unplowed land at the ends of furrows, or near a fence. — Headless, a. Having no head; beheaded; destitute of a chief or leader. — Headlong, adv. With the headforemost; rashly; precipitately; hasti- ly; without delay or respite. — a. Acting without deliberation ; hasty ; rash ; steep ; precipitous. — Head'ship, n. Authority or dignity; chief place. — Heads'man, n. ; pi. -men. An executioner.— Head'- spring, n. Fountain; source; origin. — Head' stall, n. That part of a bridle or halter which encompasses the head. — Head'strong, a. Not easily restrained; directed by ungovernable will, or proceeding from obstinacy; violent; untractable; stubborn; heady.— Head' way, n. Progress made by a ship in motion; progress; success. (Arch.) Clear space or height under an arch, over a stairway, etc. Heal, hel, v. t. [healed (held), healing.] To make hale, sound, or whole; to cure of a disease or wound; to remove or subdue; to restore to original purity or integrity; to reconcile, — v. i. To grow sound, re- turn to a sound state. — HeaKablo, a.— Heal'er, n. — HeaKing, a. Tending to cure; mild; mollifying. ••-Health, helth, n. State of being hale, sound, or whole, in body, mind, or soul ; esp. the state of be- ing free from physical pain or disease ; a wish of health and happiness. — Health'ful, -ful, a. Free from disease ; serving to promote health ; whole- some; salutary; indicating, characterized by, or re- sulting from, health.— Health'fully, adv.— Health'- fulness, n.— Health'y, -T, a. [-ier, -iest.] Being in a state of health ; conducive to health ; sound ; hale ; wholesome ; salutary ; salubrious. Heald, held, n. A heddle. Heap, hep, n. A pile or mass; a crowd; throng. — v. t. [heaped (hept), heaping.] To throw or lay in a heap, make a heap of, pile ; to accumulate. Hear, her, v. t. [heard (herd), hearing.J To per- ceive by the ear; to give attention to, listen to, heed, obey ; to attend to for the purpose of judging a cause between parties, try; to listen to and answer favorably ; to favor. — v. i. To have the sense or faculty of perceiving sound ; to perceive or appre- hend by the ear, receive by report. — Hearing, n. Act of perceiving sound ; sense by which sound is perceived; attention to what is delivered; audience; a listening to facts and evidence, for adjudication ; extent within which sound may be heard. — Hear'- say, n. Report ; rumor ; common talk. — Hearken, hark'n, r. i". [-ened (-nd), -ening.] To listen, give heed, hear with attention, obedience, or compli- ance. Hearse, hers, n. A carriage for conveyingthe dead to the grave; monument; tomb. — v. t. To lay in a hearse. Heart, hart, n. (Anat.) A c hollow, muscular organ, contracting rhythmical- . ly and keeping up the •'. circulation of the blood. The seat of the affec- tionsorsensibilities, also #- of the understanding or will, and of moral life m and character ; individ- Z> ual disposition and char- acter ; the inmost or most essential part of any body or system ; vital portion ; courage ; spirit ; vigorous activ- ity ; power of fertile production ; that which is heart-shaped, esp. a ^v— ^ figure like that ( ) in the margin, V /or one of a se- \ / ries of playing- ^7, cards, distin- Heart. g uished byit.- Hear1/en,-n,v.<. [-ened (-nd), -ening.] To en- courage, embolden.— Section of Heart. ., superior vena cava ; 6, pul- monary artery ; c, aorta ; d, pulmonary artery ; e, pul- monary veins;/, left auricle; g. mitral valve; k, left ven- tricle ; i, septum ; j, right ventricle ; k, vena cava in- ferior ; to, tricuspid valve ; «, right auricle ; o, pulmona- ry veins. [See Lung.] Hearfy^ -f, a. [-ier, -iest.] Exhibiting the action of the heart; proceeding from the heart; exhibiting strength ; sound ; firm ; promoting strength; nour- ishing; rich; sincere ; cordial ; warm ; zealous; vig- orous; energetic. — Heartily, -1-lT, adr. — Heart 'i- ness, n. — Heart'less, a. Without a heart; destitute of sensibility or courage ; unsympathetic; cruel. — Heart's'-ease, n. Peace or tranquillity of feeling. (Bot.) A species of violet; pansy. Hearth, harth or berth, n. The floor of a fire-place; the house itself, considered as the abode of comfort and hospitality; a projecting shelf in front of a stove ; a form of metallurgic furnace ; the lower part of a blast or reverberatory furnace. Heat, het, n. Caloric ; the force, agent, or principle in nature which renders bodies solid, fluid, or aeri- form, and which we perceive through the sense of feeling; sensation caused by caloric, when present in excess; high temperature, as disting. fr. low tem- perature, or cold ; indication of high temperature; redness; high color; flush; state of being once heat- ed or hot ; a single effort, as in a race; a course; ut- most violence, rage, vehemence; agitation of mind, exasperation ; animation in thouglit or discourse ; ardor; fermentation; sexual excitement in animals. — v. t. To make hot, communicate heat to, — said of inanimate objects ; also of animals, to excite by action, or make feverish; also of the passions, to in- flame, excite. — v. i. To grow hot by the action of fire, by fermentation, or by chemical action. — Heaf- er, n. One who, or that which heats. Heath, heth, n. (Bot.) A flowering shrub of many species. A place overgrown with heath; a desert; a cheerless tract of country. — Heath '-cock, n. ( Or- nith.) A large bird which frequents heaths ; the black grouse. hen, n. The female of, etc. — -game, re. The heath-cock, etc. — grass, n. A per- ennial, leafy-stemmed grass. — Heather, heth / 'er, n. Heath. — Heath'ery, -er-t, a. — Heathen, he'thn, n. Apagan; idolater; an irreligious, unthinking person. — a. Gentile; pagan.— Hea'thendom, -dum, n. That part of the world where heathenism prevails ; hea- then nations collectively. — Hea'thenish, a. Pert, to, etc. ; rude ; savage ; inhuman. — Hea'thenish- ness, n. — Hea'thenism, -izm, n. Religious system or rites of a heathen nation ; idolatry ; paganism ; manners or morals prevalent in a heathen country. — Hea'thenize, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -izing.] To ren- der heathen or heathenish. Heave, hev, v. t. limp, heaved (hevd) or hove (hov); p. ])• heaved, sometimes hoven (hov'n) ; heav- ing.] To move upward, lift; to raise, elevate; to throw, cast, send; to force from or into any position; to throw off ; to raise or force from the breast. — v. i. To be thrown up, be raised; to rise and fall with alternate motions, as the bosom in heavy breathing, as waves in a heavy sea, as ships on the billows, etc.; to swell, dilate, distend; to labor, pant; to make an effort to vomit, retch. — n. An upward motion ; swell or distention, as of the breast, waves, etc. ; an effort to raise up something, as the contents of the stomach, etc. (Geo!.) A horizontal dislocation in a lode, at an intersection with another lode. pi. A disease of horses characterized by difficult breath- ing.— Heav'y, -T, a. Having the heaves. — Heavy, hev't, a. [-ier, -iest.] Heaved or lifted with la- bor; weighty ; ponderous ; large in size, extent, or quantity ; bulky ; difficult to move ; not easy to bear ; hard to endure ; laden with that which is weighty; pregnant; bowed down ; slow; sluggish ; lifeless; dull; inanimate ; strong ; violent ; loud ; low, or deep ; clammy ; solid ; not easily digested; impeding motion ; cloggy ; clayey ; having much body or strength; dark with clouds, or ready to rain. — adv. With great weight ; ponderously. — Heav'- ily, -T-1T, adr. With great weight; grievously; slow- ly; with difficulty. — Heft, v. Weight; ponderous- ness. — v. t. To heave up, lift; to try the weight of, by raising. Heaven, hev'n, n. The arch overhanging the earth ; the sky; atmosphere; the dwelling-place or immedi- ate presence of God ; the home of the blessed ; the Supreme Being ; God; felicity; bliss. — Heav'enly, -n-lT, a. Pert, to, resembling, or inhabiting heaven: celestial; appropriate to heaven in character or hap- piness; perfect; pure; supremely blessed.— adv. In sun, cube, full ; moon, fo"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. HEAVY 176 HELM a manner resembling that of heaven; by the influ- ence or agency of heaven. — Heav'enliriess, n. Heavy, etc. See under Heave. Hebdomadal, heb-dom'a-dal, -dary, -da-ri, a. Week- ly ; consisting of, or occurring once in, 7 days. — Hebdom'adary, n. (Rom. Cath. Ch.) A member of a chapter or convent, whose week it is to perform certain services. Hebrew, he'brod, n. One of the ancient inhabitants of Palestine ; an Israelite : Jew ; the Hebrew lan- guage.— a. Pert, to the Hebrews, or to their lan- guage. — Hebraic, a. Pert, to the Hebrews ; desig- nating their language. — Hebra'ically, adv. After the manner of the Hebrew language ; from right to left. — He'braism, -izm, n. A Hebrew idiom ; a peculiar expression in the Hebrew language ; the Hebraic type of character ; servile and severe al- legiance to conscience; stoical self-control; unrelax- ing industry. — He'braist, n. One versed in the Hebrew language and learning. — Hebraistic, a. Pert, to, or resembling, Hebrew. — He'braize, v. t. To convert into the Hebrew idiom ; to make He- brew or Hebraistic, —v. i. To speak Hebrew, or to conform to the Hebrew idiom. Hecatomb, hek'a-toom, n. (Antiq.) A sacrifice of 100 oxen or beasts of the same kind; any large num- ber of victims. — Hectare, hek-tar', n. A measure of area = 100 ares, or 10,000 square meters =2.4711 acres. — Hedogram, -to-gram, n. A measure of weight = 100 grams or about 3.527 ounces avoirdupois.— Hecto- liter, hek-toKY-ter or hek'to-li'ter, n. A measure for liquids = 100 liters = l-10th cubic meter, nearly 2(5:'; gallons of wine measure. — Hectometer, hek- tom , e-ter or hek'to-me'ter, n. A measure of length = 100 meters, nearly 32S.09 Eng. feet. — Hectostere, hek / to-star / \ n. A measure of solidity = 100 cubic meters = 3-531. Q~> cubic feet. Heckle. Same as Hackle. Hectic, hek'tik, -tical, a. Pert, to hectic; habitual; constant ; affected with hectic fever. — Hec'tic, n. (Med.) The fever of irritation and debility, occur- ring usually at an advanced stage of exhausting disease, as in pulmonary consumption. Hector, hek'ter, n. A bully; a blustering, turbulent, noisy fellow; one who teases or vexes. — v. t. [hec- tored (-terd), -toking.] To bully, bluster, irritate, vex. — v. i. To bluster. [Name of a Trojan warrior.] Heddle, hed'dl, n. (Weaving.) One of the threads of yarn or metal in the harness of a loom ; a heald : each heddle has a central eye or loop by which the warp thread passing through it is raised or depressed to form the shed for the passage of the weft shuttle. Hedge, hej, n. A fence or line of bushes (esp. thorn- bushes) or small trees thickly set. —v. t. [hedged (hejd), hedging.] To inclose or separate with a hedge ; to hinder from progress or success; to sur- round for defense, protect, hem in ; to surround so as to prevent escape. — v. i. To hide as in a hedge, skulk; to bet on both sides. *sEC1 — Hedge'-hog. n. (Zool.) A small insectivorous ani- mal having prickles or spines on the upper part of lleage-liog. its body, and able to roll itself into a ball. Heed, hed. v. t. To mind, regard with care, take notice of, attend to, observe. — n. Attention; notice; regard ; careful, reverential, or fearful attention. — Heed'ful, -ful, a. Full of heed ; cautious ; vig- ilant; attentive. — Heed'fully, adv.— Heed'fulness, n. — Heedless, o. Without heed; careless; thought- less. — Heedlessly, adv. — Heedlessness, n. Heel, hel, n. The hinder part of the foot, or of any covering for the foot; the latter or remaining part of anything; something heel-shaped; a protuber- ance; a spur, as set on the heel; part of a thing cor- responding in position to the human heel, esp. (N~aut.) the after end of a ship's keel, or the lower end of a mast, boom, bowsprit, etc. — v. t. [heeled (held), heeling.] To use the heels in, as in dancing, running, etc.; to add a heel to. Heel, hel, v. i. (Naut.) To incline; to lean, as a ship. Heft. See under Heave. he-gern'o-nY, n. Leadership; preponder- ant influence (of a government or state). Hegira, he-ji'ra or hej'I-ra, n. The flight of Moham- med froni Mecca, Sept. 13, a. d. 622; the lunar year beginning July 16, A. d. 622, —from which date Mo- hammedans reckon time; any flight or exodus. Heifer, liefer, n. A young cow. Heigh-ho, hi'ho, inter/. An exclamation of surprise, uneasiness, or weariness. Height, Hight, hit, n. Condition of being high; ele- vated position ; distance to which anything rises above that on which it stands, above the earth or level of the sea; altitude; that which is elevated; an eminence; hill; mountain; elevation in excellence of any kind, as in power, learning, arts ; an ad- vanced degree of social rank; utmost degree in ex- tent or violence; progress toward eminence; grade. — Heighfen, Highfen, -n, v. t. [-ened (-nd), -en- ING.] To raise higher, elevate ; to carry forward, make better, increase ; to advance toward a worse state ; to set off to advantage by contrast. Heinous, ha'nus, a. Hateful; odious; great; enor- mous; monstrous; flagrant; atrocious. Heir, ar, n. One who receives, inherits, or is entitled to succeed to the possession of property after the death of its owner; one who receives endowment fr. an ancestor or relation. — Heir'dom, -dum, n. Suc- cession by inheritance. —Heirless, a. A female heir. — Heirloom, -loom, n. Any piece of personal prop- erty, which descends to the heir along with the in- heritance; one which has been long in a family. Hektare, Hektogram, etc. See Hectare, etc., under Hecatomb. Held. See Hold. Heliac, hell-ak, Heli'acal, a. (Astron.) Rising or set- ting at or near the same time as the sun. — He'lio- trope, -trap, n. (Bot.) A fragrant plant ; turnsole. (Geodes;/ and Mil. Signal Service.) An instrument for making signals to an observer at a distance, by means of the sun's rays thrown from a mirror. (Min.) A variety of chalcedony, of a deep-green color, variegated with blood-red or yellowish spots. — He'liotype, -tip, n. A picture made by heliotypy. — He'lioty'py, -ti'pT, n. A method of printing pho- tographic pictures from a surface of prepared gela- tine. Helix, he'liks, n. ; id. Hel'ices, -i-sez. A spiral line, as of wire in a coil; something spiral. (Arch.) A little volute under the abacus of the Corin- thian capital: see Cap- ital. (Anat.) The whole circuit or ex- tent of the externa! border of the ear : see Ear. (Zool.) A spiral univalve shell, as of a snail. — Hel'icoid, a. ( Geom.) A warped surface generated by a straight line moving in a certain manner.— a. Spiral ; curved like the spire of a univalve shell. Hell, hel, n. The place of the dead ; lower regions ; grave ; the place or state of punishment for the wicked after death; place where outcast persons or things are gathered, as, a dungeon or prison; also, in certain games, a place to which those caught are carried for detention; also a gambling-house; also a place into which tailors throw shreds, or printers broken type. — Hellish, «. Pert, to, or fit for, hell ; infernal ; malignant ; wicked ; detestable. Hellebore, hel'le-bor, rc. (Bot.) A poi- sonous plant used in medicine. Hellenic, hel-lenlk or -le'nik, a. Pert, to the Hellenes, or inhabitants of Greece ; Greek ; Grecian. Helm, helm, n. (Naut.) A vessel's steering apparatus; esp. the tiller. The place of management.- Helms'man, n. ; pi. -men. The man ' at the helm. Helm, helm, v. t. To cover with a helmet. — Helm, Helm'et, n. De- fensive armor for the head ; head- Barred Helmet. Helices (Zool.). am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tgrm ; in, Ice ; Cdd, tone, 8r j HELMINTHIC 177 HERMENEUTTC piece ; morion ; thing like a helmet in form, posi- tion, etc., as, the upper part of a retort, or the hood- formed upper sepal of some flowers. Helminthic, hel-min'thik, a. Pert, to, or expelling worms. — n. A medicine for expelling worms ; ver- mifuge. Help, help, v. t. [imp. & p. p. helped (helpt), obs. imp. holp and p. p. holpen; helping.] To aid, assist; to furnish with the means of deliverance; to furnish with relief in pain or disease ; to change for the better, remedy; to prevent, hinder; to for- bear, avoid, — v. i. To lend aid or assistance. — n. Aid; assistance ; remedy; relief ; in U. S., one who helps, a domestic servant. — Help'er, n. One who helps or assists; an assistant; auxiliary. — Help'rul, -ful, a. Furnishing help ; useful ; wholesome. — Help'fulness, n. — Helpless, a. Destitute of help or strength; feeble; weak; beyond help; irremedi- able; bringing no help.— Helplessly, adv. — Help r - lessness, re.— Help'mate, -meet, n. An assistant; helper; consort; wife. [Fr. a misunderstanding of an help meet (fit). Gen. ii., 18.] Helter-skelter, hefter-skefter, adv. In hurry and confusion. Helve, helv, n. The handle of an ax or hatchet; head of the ax. — v. t. [helved (helvd), helving.] To furnish (an ax) with a helve. Hem, hem, n. The border of a garment or cloth, doub- led and sewed, for protection or ornament; edge; margin. — v. t. [hemmed (hemd), -mixg.] To fold and sew down the edge of; to border, edge. Hem, hem, interj. An exclamation whose utterance is a sort of half-cough, indicative of hesitation or doubt, — better expressed by hm. — n. The sound thus represented. — v. i. To make the sound; to hesitate in speaking. Hemal, Haemal, hernial, a. Pert, to the blood or blood vessels.— Henforrhage, henfer-ej, n. {Med.) Any discharge of blood from the blood-vessels. — Henf- orrhoids, -roidz, n.pl. (Med.) Small erectile tumors of the vascular, mucous, or cellular tissues of the rectum; piles. — Hem'atite, -a-tit, n. (Min.) The sesquioxide, or specular ore, of iron. [Fr. the red color of the powder.] — Brown hematite. The hy- drous sesquioxide of iron: limonite. Hemiplegia, hem-T-ple'jY-a, Henf iple'gy, -jY, n. (Med.) A palsv that affects one side only of the body.— Hemip'ter, -teran, n. (Entom.) One of an order of j insects having the wing-covers transparent toward the end, or throughout, the true wings straight and unplaited, and feeding on vegetable or animal juices by means of a sucking- tube.— Hemip'teral, -ter- ous, -us, a. Of, or pert, to, etc.— Hemisphere, -Y-sfer, n. A half sphere: one half of a sphere or globe; half of the terrestrial globe, or a projection of the same in a m a p or picture. — Hemispher 'ic, -s f 6 r ' i k, -ical, a. Containing, o r pert, to, etc.— Henfistich, -stik, v. Half a poetic verse, or a verse not com- Hemipter (Pentatome). pleted. Hemlock, hem'lok, n. An umbelliferous plant whose leaves and seeds yield an acrid poison (conia) used in med.; an evergreen tree common in N. Amer.; hemlock spruce. Hemorrhage, etc. See under Hemal. Hemp, hemp, re. A plant the fiber of whose skin or bark is used for cloth and cordage ; fiber of the plant, prepared for spinning; a rope. Hen, hen, n. The female of any fowl, esp. of the do- mestic fowl.— Hen'bane, n. A plant poisonous to domestic fowls: all parts of the plant are highly nar- cotic, and it is used in medicine as a substitute for opium: hyoscyamus. Hence, hens, adv. From this place, this time, this cause or reason, or this source, origin, or cause. — Henceforth'' or Hence'forth, Hencefor'ward, adv. From this time forward. Henchman, henclf man, «. ,■ pi. -men. A page ; serv- ant; hanger-on. Hendecagon, hen-dek'a-gon, re. (Geom.) A plane figure of 11 sides and 11 angles. Henna, hen'na, n. (Bot.) An oriental flowering shrub of the genus Laivsonia. Powdered henna leaves, or a paste made of the leaves, used by Egyptians and Asiatics to dye their nails, etc., of an orange hue. Hepatic, he-pafik, -ical, a. Pert, to, or having the color of the liver. Heptad, hep'tad, re. (Cliem.) An atom whose equiv- alence is 7 atoms of hydrogen, or which can be combined with, substituted for, or replaced by 7 atoms of hydrogen. — Hep'tagon, n. (Geom.) A plane figure consisting of 7 sides and 7 angles. — Hep'tarchy, -tiirk-Y, v. A government by, or coun- try governed by, 7 persons. Her, her, pron. and a. The objective case of the per- sonal pronoun she : pert, to a female, or a noun in the feminine gender ; being the possessive ease of the personal pronoun she. — Herself'', pron. An em- phasized form of she ; in her ordinary or real char- acter; in her right mind: sane. Herald, hgfald, n. (Antiq.) An officer who pro- claimed war or peace, and bore messages from the commander of an army. In Eng., an officer who regulates public ceremonies, and" records and bla- zons the arms of the nobility and gentry; a king at arms; a proclaimer; publisher; a forerunner ; pre- cursor; harbinger. — v. t. To introduce, or give tid- ingsof, as by a herald; to proclaim.— Hefaldry, -rT, re. Art or office of a herald; art, practice, or science of recording genealogies, and blazoning arms. Herb, erb, n. A plant having a soft or succulent stalk, or stem, that dies to the root every year. — Herby, herb"!, a. Of the nature of, pert, to, or covered with, herbs.— Herb'age, erb'- or herb'ej, n. Herbs collect- ively; grass; pasture. (Law.) Liberty or right of pas- ture' in the forest or grounds of another man. [F.] — Herb'al, herb'al, n. A book containing the names and descriptions of plants; a collection of dried plants.— Herbiferous, -Sr-us, a. Bearing herbs.— Herbivorous, -o-rus, a. Eating herbs; feeding on vegetables. Herculean, her-kif le-an,'er. Very great, difficult, or dangerous; having extraordinary strength and size. Herd, herd, n. A number of beasts assembled together; a company of people; crowd; rabble. — v. i. To unite or associate in a herd, as beasts; to ttnite in a company by custom or inclination. — v. t. To form or put into a herd. Here, her, adv. In this place, — opp. to there; in the present life or state.— Here'abouf, -abouts', adv. About this place; in this neighborhood.— Hereaffer, adv. In time to come : in some future state. — n. A future existence or state. — Hereaf, udc. At, or by reason of, this. — Hereby', adv. By means of this. — Herein'', adv. In this. — Here'inaft'er. adv. In the following part of this. — Hereto'', adv. To this. — Heretofore'', adr. In times before the pres- ent ; formerly. — Here'unto', adv. Unto this or this time ; hereto. — Here'upon 1 ', adv. On this ; hereon. — Herewith'', -with' or -with', adv. With this. — Hereufto, adv. Into this. —Hereof, -of or -ov r , adv. Of, concerning, or from this. — Here- on'', adv. On this ; hereupon. Hereditary, he-red'Y-ta-rY, «. Descended by inheri- tance : capable of descending from an ancestor to an heir : transmitted, or that may be transmitted, from a parent to a child ; ancestral ; patrimonial; inheritable.— Heritage, -ej, re. Thing inherited; in- heritance. Heresy, hefe-sY, n. An opinion opposed to the es- tablished or usually received doctrine; esp. (Theol.) rejection of, or erroneous belief in regard to, some fundamental religious doctrine or truth ; hetero- doxy.— Herpetic, n. One who holds to a heresy; one who believes some doctrine contrary to the Christian religion; schismatic: sectarian. (Rom.Cath.C hnrch.) A Protestant. — Heref ical, a. Containing, or per- taining to, heresy. Hermaphrodite, hSr-mafro-dit, n. An animal or hu- man being having both the male and the female gen- erative organs. (Bat.) A flower that contains both the stamen and the pistil within the same calyx, or on the same receptacle. Hermeneutic, hSr-me-nu'tik, -tical, a. Pert, to inter- sun, cube, full ; moon, f<36t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. 12 HERMETIC 178 HIGH pretation; excgetical. — Hermeneu'tics, n. sing. Sci- ence of interpretation ; exegesis, — esp. applied to interpretation of the Scriptures. Hermetic, her-mefik, -ical, a. Pert, to chemistry; chemical; pert, to that philosophy which pretends to explain all the phenomena of nature from the 3 chemical principles, salt, sulphur, and mercury ; pert, to the system which explains causes of diseases, etc., on the principles of the hermetical philosophy, esp. on the system of an alkali and acid ; perfectly close, so that no air, gas, or spirit can escape. Hermit, her'mit, n. A recluse ; anchoret ; esp. one who lives in solitude from religious motives. — Her / '- mitage, -ej, n. The habitation of a hermit; a secluded residence. Hern. Same as Heron. Hernia, her'nT-a, n. {Surg.) A rupture ; a tumor formed by protrusion of any internal part through a natural or accidental opening in a muscular or membranous wall. Hero, he'ro, n. ; pi. -roes, -roz. A man of distin- guished valor, intrepidity, or enterprise in danger; a great or extraordinary person ; principal person- age in a poem, story, etc. {Myth.) An illustrious man, placed among the gods, after his death. — Hero'ic, a. Pert, to, like, or becoming a hero; brave; intrepid; noble.— Heroine, her'o-in, n. A female he- ro.— Her'oism, -izm,n. The qualities or character of a hero; courage; fortitude; bravery; valor. Heron, her'un, n. A wading bird of many species with long slender legs, neck, and bill. — Her'onry, -ri, n. A place where herons breed. Herpes, her'pez, n. {Med.) An eruption of the skin ; companied with, itching or tingling, including shingles, ringworm, etc.— HerpetoK- ogy, -jT, n. Natural history or description of reptiles, including oviparous quad- rupeds. Herring, her'ring, n. A small fish, appearing in vast shoals in the spring, upon the coasts of Europe and America, rieron. where they are taken in great quantities. Hers, herz, Herself. See Her. Herschel, her'shel, n. A planet discovered by Dr. Herschel, in 1781, — now called Uranus. Hesitate, hez'T-tat, v. i. To stop or pause respecting decision or action; to be in suspense or uncertainty, doubt, waver, scruple ; to stop in speaking, falter, stammer.— Hesitation,?*. Act of hesitating.— Hes'- itancy, -tan-st, n. Act of hesitating or doubting; doubt; action or manner of one who hesitates; inde- cision. Hessian Fly, hesh'an-fli, n. A small, two-winged fly, or midge, destructive to young wheat. Hetchel. Same as Hackle. Heteroclite, het'er-o-kllt, n. {Gram.) A word which is irregular or anomalous, esp. a noun irregular in declension. Any thing or person deviating from common forms. — Heferodox, a. Contrary to some acknowledged standard, as the Bible, creed of a church, etc.; not orthodox; holding opinions or doc- trines contrary to some acknowledged standard. — Het'eroge'neal, -je'ne-al, -neous, -us, a. Differing in kind; having unlike qualities; dissimilar. Hew, hu, v. t. [imp. hewed; p. p. hewed (hud) or hewn (hun); hewing.] To cut with an ax, shape with a sharp instrument, chop, hack. Hezad, heks'ad, n. (Chem.) An atom whose equiv- alence is 6, or which can be combined with, substi- tuted for, or replaced by, 6 atoms of hydrogen. — Hex'agon, n. {Gcom.) A plane figure of 6 sides and 6 angles. — Hexagonal, a. Having, etc. — Hex / ahe / '- dron, n. A regular solid body of 6 equal faces; a cube. — Hexam'eter, n. { Gr. & Lut. Pros.) A verse of 6 feet, either dactyls or spondees. — a. Having, etc. — Hexan'gular, -an'gu-ler, a. Having 6 angles or corners. Hey, ha, interj. An exclamation expressive of joy or exhortation. — Hey'day', interj. An expression of frolic, exultation, or wonder. Heyday, ha'da, n. A frolic; wildness. Hiatus, hi-a'tus, n. ; L. pi. same as sing.; E. pi. -tuses, -ez. An opening ; gap ; chasm ; space where some- thing is wanting ; a break in a manuscript, where part is lost or effaced. {Gram.) Concurrence of 2 vowels in 2 successive syllables or words. Hibernal, hi-ber'nal, a. Belonging or relating to winter; wintry; winterish. — Hi'bernate, -nat, v. i. To winter; to pass the winter in seclusion, esp. in lethargic sleep, as bats, bears, etc.— Hibernation, n. Act of v etc. Hibernian, hi-ber' nT-an, a. Pert, to Hibernia, now Ireland; Irish.— n. A native or inhabitant of Ire- land; a Milesian. Hiccough, Hiccup, Hickup, hik'kup, n. A spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm and adjacent parts, producing a sudden sound, usually caused by gas- tric derangement ; the sound itself. — v. i. [hic- coughed (-kupt), -coughing.] To have, etc. Hickory, hik'o-rt, n. A nut-bearing American tree of several species, having strong, tenacious wood. Hicksite, hiks'It, n. A follower of Elias Hicks, who se- ceded fr. the Society of Friends in the U. S., in 1827 Hid, Hidden. See Hide, v. t. Hidalgo, hi-dal'go, n. In Spain, a nobleman of the lower class; a gentleman by birth. Hide, hid, v. t. limp, hid; p. p. hid, hidden; hiding.] To withhold, or withdraw from sight ; to conceal from knowledge, keep secret, disguise, dissemble, screen; to protect from danger, defend. — v.i. To lie concealed or secreted; to keep one's self out of view. Hide, hid, n. The skin of a beast, raw or dressed; the human skin, — so called in contempt. —v. t. To flog, whip.— Hide'-bound, a. Having the skin stuck so closely to the ribs and back, as not to be easily loosened or raised; having the bark so close as to im- pede growth. Hide, hid, n. {O. Eng. Law.) A house or dwelling; a portion of land, differently estimated at 60, 80, or 100 acres. Hideous, hid'e-us, a. Frightful or shocking to the eye; distressing to the ear ; hateful ; grim ; grisly : terrible. — Hid'eously, adv. — Hid'eousness, n. Hie, hi, v. i. [hied (hid), hying.] To hasten. Hierarch, hi'e-rark, n. One who rules or has author- ity in sacred things; chief of a sacred order. — Hi' erarcb/y, -rark'Y, n. Dominion in sacred . things; the body of persons I J^ having ecclesiastical authority ; a government administered by the priesthood. — Hi'erafic, a. Consecrated to sacred uses; sacerdotal ; pert, to priests, applied to a mode of ancient Egyptian writing, being t' sacerdotal character. — Hi' oglyph, -glif, -glyph'ic, n. A sacred character, - esp. the Hieroglyphics, picture-writing of the ancient Egyptian priests; the figure of an animal, etc., standing for a phrase, word, or letter; any character or figure having a mysterious significance. — Hi'eroglypb/ic, -ical, a. Emblemat- ic; expressive of some meaning by characters, pic- tures, or figures; obscure; enigmatical. — Hi'erol''- ogy> -J** n. A discourse on sacred things ; esp. sci- ence of the ancient writings and inscriptions of the Egyptians. — Hierophant, hi-er'o- or hi'e-ro-fant, n. A priest; one who teaches the mysteries of religion. Higgle, etc. See under Hack, v. t. Higgledy-piggledy, hig / gl-dY-pig /r gl-di, adv. In con- fusion; topsy-turvy. High, hi, a. Of great altitude ; elevated ; raised up ; lofty ; sublime ; distinguished ; sometimes equiv- alent to great, used ndefinitely; possessing some characteristic quality in a marked degree; proud ; violent ; forcible ; intense ; dear in price ; promi- nent; eminent, — used in technical senses, as, {Fine Arts) wrought so as to be prominent from the sur- face, also, in an elevated style; {Laio & Politics) re- lating to, or derived from the sovereignty of a state, as, high treason; {Chron.) remote in time or antiqui- $ro, fSme, far, pass or opera, fare j Snd, eve, tgrin ; tn, Ice ; 5dd ? tone. Or \ HIG-HT 179 HOARD ty; (.Cookery.) strong-scented, as tending toward pu- trefaction; (Geog.) remote from the equator, north or south ; (mis.) acute or sharp. — adv. In a high manner; to a great altitude; eminently; profound- ly; powerfully. — n. An elevated place; superior region. —Highly, -It, adv. — High'ness, n. State of being, etc.; a title of honor given to princes, etc. — Hight, n. Same as Height, q. v. — Highland, n. Elevated land; a mountainous region. — Highland- er, h. An inhabitant of highlands; esp. of the High- lands of Scotland. — High'way, n. A public road; way open to all passengers; path; course. Hight, hit, v. i. [imp. and p. p. hight, hot, hote, hoten.] To be called or named. Hilarious, hi-la^rf-us, a. Mirthful ; merry ; jovial ; jolly. — Hilar'ity, -lar'i-tf, n. Pleasurable excite- ment of the spirits; glee; merriment; jollity. Hill, hil, n. An eminence less than a mountain; the earth raised about the root of a plant; a group of plants growing together, and having earth heaped up about them. — v. t. [hilled (hild), hilling.] To surround with earth. — HiLVy, -Y, a. Abounding with, etc.— Hill'iness, n.— Hiil'ock, n. A small hill. Hilt, hilt, n. The handle of anything, esp. of a sword, dagger, or cutting instrument. Hilum, hi'lum, n. (Bot.) The mark or scar where a seed was attached to its base ; eye of a bean, etc. Him. Himself. See under He. Hind, hind, n. The female of the red deer or stag. Hind, hind, n. A peasant; rustic; swain; Hilum agricultural laborer. Hind, hind, a. [hinder, hindmost or hindermost.] Placed in the rear, and not in front. — Hind'er, a. Pert, to that part in the rear, or which follows. — Hin'der, hTn'der, v. t. [-dered (derd), -dering.J To prevent from moving forward; to check or re- tard in progress; to embarrass, shut out, interrupt, obstruct, impede, delay. — v. i. To interpose or cause impediments. — Hin'derance, -drance, n. Act of, or that which, etc. — Hin'derer, n. Hindoo, -du, hiii'doo, n. ; pi. -doos or -nus, -dooz. One of a race inhabiting Hindostan ; an adjierent of Brahmanism. — Hin'dooism, -duism, -doo-izm, n. The doctrines, rites, or religious principles of the Hindoos; Brahmanism. — Hindoostan'ee, -dustan'i, -stance, a. Of, or pert, to, the Hindoos or their lan- guage. — n. The camp and court language of the Hindoos. — Hin'dee, -di, -de, n. The purest modern dialect of, etc. — Hin'dui, -doo-e, n. The language of, etc., before the Mussulman invasion, — a pure Aryan tongue. Hinge, liinj, n. The hook or joint on which a door, gate, lid, etc., turns ; that on which anything de- pends or turns; a governing principle, rule, or point. ,. - — v. t. [hinged (hinjd), hinging.] To furnish with hinges. — v. i. To stand, depend, or turn, as on a hinge. Hinny, hin'nY, n. The produce of a stallion and a she-ass; a mule. Hint, hint, v. t. To bring to mind by a slight men- tion or. remote allusion; to allude to, suggest, im- ply. — v. i. To make an indirect reference, etc. — n. A distant allusion; slight mention; intimation; in- sinuation; suggestion. Hip, hip, n. The lateral parts of the pelvis and the hip joint, with the flesh covering them; the haunch. (Arch.) The external angle formed by the meeting of 2 sloping sides of a roof. Hip, hip, n. The fruit of the rose. Hipped, hipt, Hip'pish, a. Somewhat hypochondriac. Hippocampus, hip-po-kamp'us, n. A small armor- plated fish, with equine head and neck and pre- hensile tail, allied to the pipe-fish; sea-horse. (Myth.) One of Neptune's horses, half horse and half fish. — Hip'podrome, -drom, n. A circus, or place in which horse-races and chariot-races are performed. — Hin'pogriff, ??. (Myth.) A monster, half horse and half griffin; a winged horse.— Hippoph'agous,-pof '- a-gus, a. Feeding on horses. — Hippoph'agy, -a-jT, n. Act or practice of, etc.— Hip'popot'amus, n. ; Eng. pi. -muses, L. pi. -mi. A herbivorous pachyderma- tous aquatic quadruped of Africa, having a very large muzzle, small eyes and ears, thick and heavy Hippopotamus. body, short legs, a short tail, and skin without hair, except at the extremity of the tail. Hire, hir, v. t. [hired (hird), hieing.] To procure (the services of another, or a chattel or estate) for temporary use, for a compensation; to contract with for wages; to bribe; to grant the use of, for compensation; to let, lease. — n. Price, reward, or compensation for the tem- porary use of anything; recompense for personal service; wages; salary; pay; a bribe. Hirsute, her-suf, a. Rough with hair; set with bris- tles; hairy; shaggy. His, h\z,pron. See He. Hiss, his, v. i. [hissed (hist), hissing.] To make a sound like that of the letter s, esp. in contempt or disapprobation; to make a like sound, as a goose or serpent, or as water thrown on hot metal, or steam escaping through a narrow orifice; to glide with a whizzing noise. — v.t. To condemn by hissing; to procure disgrace for. — n. A sound like that of s, esp. as a mark of disapprobation; voice of a goose or serpent. — Hiss'ing, n. A hiss; occasion of con- tempt; object of scorn and derision. Hist, hist, interj. Hush; be silent. Histology, his-tol'o-jT, n. Science of the minute struc- ture of the tissues of plants, animals, etc. History, his'to-rTf, n. A statement of what is known; a record; description; a narrative of events; a state- ment of the progress of a nation or an institution, with philosophical inquiries respecting effects and causes. — Natural history. Description and classifi- cation of objects in nature, as minerals, plants, ani- mals, etc., and the phenomena which they exhibit to the senses. — Histo'rian, n. A writer or compiler of history; chronicler; annalist. — Historic, -tSr / '- ik, -ical, a. Containing, pert, to, contained or ex- hibited in, deduced from, or representing history. Histrionic, his-trt-on'ik, -ical, a. Pert, to a stage- player, or to playing; theatrical. Hit, hit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. hit; hitting.] To reach with a stroke or blow; esp. to reach or touch an ob- ject aimed at, as a mark, usually with force; to reach or attain exactly, accord with, suit. — v. i. To meet or come in contact, strike; to succeed in an attempt. — n. A collision; the stroke or blow that touches anything, — of ten with implied luck or chance; an apt expression or turn of thought. Hitch, hich, v. i. [hitched (hicht), hitching.] To become entangled, caught, linked, or yoked ; to move spasmodically by jerks, or with stops ; to fidget, move. — o. t. To fasten, unite, yoke, harness; to raise or pull with a jerk. — n. A catch ; impedi- ment; temporary obstacle or stoppage. (Naut.) A knot or noose in a rope for fastening it to a ring or other object. Hither, hith'er, adv. To this place. — a. On the side or direction toward the person speaking; nearer. — Hith'erto', -too', adv. To this place; up to this time; as yet; until now. — Hith'erward, adv. This way; toward this place; hither. Hive, hiv, n. A box or other place for a swarm of honey-bees to live in; a swarm of bees; crowded or busy place; company; crowd, — v. t. [hived (hivd), hiving.] To collect into, or cause to enter, a hive; to collect and lay up in store. — v. i. To take shelter or lodgings together. Hives, hivz, n. (Med.) A disease, the croup; also an eruptive disease, allied to chicken-pox. Ho, Hoa, ho, interj. Halloo! oho! oh! attend! — a call to excite attention, or to give notice of approach; stop! standstill! hold! whoa! Hoar, hor, a. White, or grayish-white; gray or white with age; hoary. — Hoar'y, -1, a. White or whitish; hoar. (Bot.) Covered with short, dense, grayish- white hairs.— Hoar'iness, n. — Hoar'-frost, »(. The white particles formed by congelation of dew.— Hoar'hound, Hore'hound, n. A bitter plant, one species of which is used for coughs. Hoard, h5rd, n. A store of anything laid up; a hidden sun, cube, full ; moon, fo"ot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. HOARSE 180 HOMAGE f. To collect and lay up To collect a hoard, Is to ay up a stock; treasure store secretly. - store. Hoarse, hors, a. Having a harsh, rough, grating voice, as when affected with a cold; rough; discordant. Hoax, hoks, n. A deceptive trick or story ; a practical joke. — v. t. [hoaxed (hokst), hoaxing.] To de- ceive; to play a trick upon for sport, or without mal- ice.— Ho'cus, v. t. To deceive or cheat; to adul- terate, drug. — n. One who, etc. — Ho'cus-po'cus, n. A juggler; juggler's trick. — v. t. To cheat. Hob, hob, n. The nave of a wheel ; the flat shelf at the side of a grate, where things are placed to be kept warm. — Hob'nail, n. A thick-headed nail for shoes. Hob, hob, 11. A clown; rustic; fairy. — Hob'goblin, n. An imp ; frightful apparition. Hobble, hob'bl, v. i. [-bled (-bid), -bling.] To walk lamely, bearing chiefly on one leg; to limp; to move roughly or irregularly. — v. t. To hopple, clog. — n. An unequal, halting gait ; difficulty ; perplexity. — Hob'bledehoy', -de-hoi', -tehoy', u. A stripling; a youth between bo3 r hood and manhood. Hobby, hob'bY, Hob'byhorse, n. A strong, active horse, of middle size; an ambling horse; a nag; a stick, or figure of a horse, on which boys ride; a sub- ject upon which one is constantly setting off; a fav- orite theme of discourse, thought, or effort. Hobnob, hob'nob, adv. Take or not take, — a famil- iar invitation to reciprocal drinking.— v. i. To drink or feast familiarly. Hock, hok, n. The hough, q. v. See Horse, —v. t. To hamstring; to hough. [See Hough.] Hock, hok, n. A light-yellowish Rhenish wine, either sparkling or still. Hockey, hok'T, n. A game at ball played with a club hooked at the bottom. Hocus, Hocus-pocus. See under Hoax. Hod, hod, n. A trough or box on a handle for carrying mortar and brick; a coal-scuttle. Hodgepodge, hoj'poj, n. A mixed mass; a medley of ingredients. Hodiernal, ho-di-er'nal, a. Of, or pert, to, the pres- ent day. Hoe, ho, ii. An instrument for cutting up weeds and loosening the earth. —v. t. [hoed (nod), hoeing.] To cut, dig, scrape, or clean, or to clear from weeds, or to loosen or arrange the earth about, with a hoe. — v. i. To use, or labor with, a hoe. — Hoe'cake, a. A coarse cake, of Indian meal, baked before the fire, or in the ashes, — sometimes on a hoe; a johnny- cake. Hog, hog, n. A swine; porker; esp. a castrated boar; | a mean, filthy, or greedy fellow, — the domesti- i cated animal, kept for lard and pork, being com- j monly trained to gluttonous and filth}' habits. — v. t. [hogged (hogd), -ging.] To cut short the hair j of. — v. i. To become bent upward in the middle, like j a hog's back. — Hog'gish, a. Having the qualities of a hog; gluttonous; filthy; selfish; swinish. — Hog'- sty, -sti, n. A pen or house for swine. — Hog'-frame, n. A fore-and-aft truss, on steamboats, to prevent vertical flexure. Hogshead, hogz'hed, n. An Eng. measure of capaci- ty = 63 wine gallons, or 52i imperial gallons; in U. S., a large cask, of indefinite contents. Hoiden, Hoyden, hoi'dn, n. A rude, bold girl; a romp. — a. Rude; bold; inelegant; rustic. Hoist, hoist, v. t. To raise, lift; esp. to lift by means of tackle, — n. That by which anything is hoisted; act of hoisting. (Naut.) The perpendicular height of a flag or sail. — Hoist' way, n. An opening in floors of a warehouse, etc., through which to hoist goods. Hoity-toity, hoi'ti-toi'tL, a. Thoughtless, giddy, flighty,— used also as an exclamation, denoting sur- prise, with some degree of contempt. Held, hold, v. t. [held or (Law) holden; holding.] To sustain, restrain, keep in tke grasp, retain; to maintain possession of, or authority over, defend; to be in possession of, derive title to; to impose re- straint upon; to keep up in being or action, carry on, continue; to prosecute, have, take, or join in; to con- tain, as a vessel, anything put into it; to have ca- pacity for; to accept (an opinion), maintain; to con- sider, regard, account, —v. i. To keep one's self in a given position or condition ; to remain fixed, as, to halt, stop, — mostly in the imperative; or, to remain unbroken or unsubdued; or, to last, endure; or, to be valid, continue on being tested; or, to remain at- tached, cleave; to derive right or title. — n. Act of holding; manner of holding, whether firm or loose; seizure; grasp; authority to take or keep; claim; binding power and influence: something which may be seized for support; place of confinement; prison; custody; a fortified place. (Mm.) A character [thus, /T\\ placed over or under a note or rest, indicating that it is to be prolonged. Hold, hold, n. The interior cavity of a vessel, in which the cargo is stowed. See Ship. Hole, hoi, n. A hollow place or cavity; an excavation in the ground, or a natural cavity inhabited by an animal; alow, narrow, or dark lodging ; aperture; perforation; rent; pit; den; cell.— Hollow, hol'lo, a. Containing an empty space, within a solid sub- stance ; not solid; sunken; reverberated from a cavity, or resembling such a reverberated sound ; not sincere or faithful. — n. A cavity; hole; exca- vation ; a low spot surrounded by elevations ; con- cavity. — v. t. [hollowed (-lod), -lowing.] To make hollow, excavate. — adv. So as to make hol- low, or empty of resources, strength, etc.; complete- ly. — Hol'lowness, n. — Hol'low-heart'ed, a. In- sincere; false; not sound and true. Holiday, Holiness, etc. See under Holy. Holland, hol'land, n. A kind of linen first manufac- tured in Holland. — Hollands, n. Gin made in, etc. Hollo, -loa, hoKlo or hol-lo', -la, -la, interj. & n. Ho; attend ; here. —Hollo, hollo or hol-lo r , Holla, -la, [-laed (-lad), -laing.] v. i. To call out or exclaim; to halloo. — Hol'low, -lo, interj. and v. t. Same as Hollo. Hollow, Hollowness, etc. See under Hole. Holly, holTC, n. An evergreen tree or shrub having glossy green prick- ly leaves, and bear- ing berries that turn red or yellow about Michael- mas; also the holm oak, an evergreen oak. Hollyhock, hol'lY- hok, n. A tall flowering plant of many varieties ; rose-mallow. Holm, holm or horn. Holm Oak, n. The evergreen oak._ Holm, holm or hom, n. An islet, or riv- er isle; a low, flat tract of rich land on the banks of a river. Holocaust, hol'o- kawst, ii. A burnt Holly, sacrifice or offer- ing, wholly consumed by fire ; a great slaughter. — Holograph, -graf, n. Any writing, as a letter, deed, will, etc., wholly in the handwriting of the one from whom it proceeds. Holster, hoKster, n. A leather case for a pistol, car- ried by a horseman. Holy, holT, a. [-lier, -liest.] Set apart to the ser- vice or worship of God; hallowed; sacred; accept- able to God ; free from sinful affections ; pure ; guiltless. — Holiness, n. — His Holiness. A title of the Pope and of Greek bishops. — Ho'ly-day, n. A consecrated day; religious anniversary or festival; a festival of any kind; holiday. [In the latter sense, holidayis the preferable spelling.]- Hoi 'iday, hSK-, ji. A festival day; day of exemption from labor; day of amusement or of joy and gayety . — a. Pert. to, etc.; joyous; gay. — Ho'ly-stone, n. (Kaut.) A stone for cleaning the decks of ships. — v. t. To scrub with, etc. Homage, honT'ej, n. (Feud. Lata.) An acknowledg- ment made by a tenant to his lord, on receiving in- vestiture of fee, that he was his man, or vassal. Re- am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 2nd, eve, term ; in, Ice ; Odd, tone, 6r ; HOME 181 HOOF speet or reverential regard; esp., respect paid by ex- ternal action ; obeisance ; reverential worship ; de- vout affection. Home, horn, n. The house in which one resides; place or country in which one dwells; all that pertains to a dwelling-place. — a. Pert, to one's dwelling, country, or family; domestic; close; pointed.— adv. To one's home or country; close ; closely; to the point. — Home' lb33, a. Destitute of a home. — Home'ly, -IT, a. [-lier, -liest.] Belonging to home; domestic; familiar; plain; rude in appearance; un- polished: of plain features; not handsome.— Home'- liness, n.— Home'sick, a. Depressed in spirits by separation from home. — Home'sickness, n. — Home'spun, a. Spun or wrought at home; coarse; plain; plain in manner; rude. — n. Cloth made at home. — Home'stead, n. The inclosure or ground immediately connected with a mansion; home or seat of a family. (Law.) A person's dwelling-place, with that part of his landed property contiguous to I it. — Home'ward, adv. Toward home. — Home'- j bred, a. Bred at home : native ; domestic ; rude ; | uncultivated. — -made, a. Made at home ; of do- j mestic manufacture. Homeopathy, ho-me-op r a-thT, n. (Med.) Theory that disease is cured by remedies which produce on a healthy person effects similar to the symptoms of the patient's complaint, the remedies being usually administered in minute doses. — Ho'meopatb/ic, a. Of, or pert, to, etc. — Ho'meop'athist, Ho'meopath, , n. A believer in, or practitioner of, etc. — Homoiou / '- j sian, -moi-6VzI-an, n. (Eccl. Hist.) One who held that the Son was of like, but not the same, essence | with the Father, — opp. to homoousian, q. v., under j HOMOCENTRIC. Homer, ho'mer, n. A Hebrew measure, — as a liquid j measure, 75 wine gallons; as a dry measure, 11 l-9th bushels. I Homeric, ho-raer'ik, a. Pert, to Homer, the poet of | Greece, or to his poetry. Homicide, hom'T-sid, n. The killing of any human being by the act of man; manslaughter; one who kills another; a manslayer. Homily, hom'T-lT, n. A plain and familiar sermon; a serious discourse. — Homilefics, n. sing. Science of preaching or of preparing and delivering homilies or sermons. Hominy, hom^i-nT, n. Maize hulled and broken, but coarse, prepared for food by being mixed with water and boiled. Hommock, horn'mok, n. A hillock; small eminence. Homocentric, ho-mo-sen'trik, a. Having the same cen- ter.— Homocer r cal,-ser , kal, a. (Ichth.) Having the tail symmetrical, the ver- tebral column terminating at its com- mencement,— opp. to hcterocercal.— HomoBop'athy, n. Same as Homeop- athy. — Jomoge'neal, -je'ne-al, -ne- oas, -ne-us, a. Of the same kind or nature; consisting of elements of the Homocercal like nature. — Hd'mogene'ity, -ne'T- .. tT, -ge'neousness, n. Sameness of kind Ctaii o± a, her- or nature; uniformity of structure or rln »> material. — Homogen'esis, n. That method of nat- ural descent in which the successive generations are alike; gamogenesis, — opp. to heterogenesis. — Homol''- ogous, -gus, a. Having the same relative position, proportion, value, or structure. — Hom'ologue, -log, n. That which is, etc.— Hom'onym, -nim, «T A word having the same sound as another, but differing from it in meaning,— as the noun bear and the verb bear. — Homon'ymous, -T-mus, a. Having different sig- nifications, or applied to different things; equivocal; ambiguous. — Homon'ymy, -mT, n. Sameness be- tween words which differ in signification; ambigu- ity. — Ho'mocu'sian, -mo-od'zi-an, n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect who maintained that the Son had the same essence with the Father,— opp. to liomoiousian, q. v., under Homeopathy. Homony. Same as Hominy. Hone, hon, n. A stone of a fine grit, used for sharp- ening instruments, esp. razors. — v. t. [HONED (hond), honing.] To sharpen on a hone. Honest, Honesty, etc. See under Honok. Honey, hun'I, n. A sweet, viscid fluid, esp. that col- Honey-comb. lected by bees from flowers, and stored in honey- comb; that which is sweet or pleasant; sweet one; darling. — v. i. [honeyed (-id), -eying.] To use endearments ; to practice servile flattery, fawn. — v.t. To make luscious, sweeten. — Hon'ey -bag, n. The receptacle for honey in a bee. — comb, n. The mass of waxen cells, formed by bees, for their honey, eggs, etc. ; any substance, perforated with cells like those of a honey-comb. — dew, n. A sweet, saccharine sub- stance, found on the . leaves of plants in drops, like dew. — guide, n. An African bird, allied to the cuckoo, which, by its motions and cries, leads to hives of wild honey. — -lo'cust, n. A N. Amer. tree, having long pods with a sweet pulp between the seeds. — moon. n. The first month after marriage. — -suck'le, n. One of several species of flowering plants, from whose co- rolla a drop of honey may be sucked. Honor. on"er, n. Esteem due to worth; when said of the Supreme Being, reverence, veneration ; mani- festation of respect or reverence; that which right- fully attracts esteem, respect, or consideration, — esp., excellence of character, — in men, integrity; in women, chastity; a nice sense of what is right, just, and true, with a correspondent course of life; dig- nity ; high rank ; reputation ; a mark of respect. pi. Academic or university prizes or distinctions; in certain games, the 4 highest cards— the ace, king, queen, and jack. — v. t. [honored (on^erd), -or- ing.] To regard or treat with honor, esteem, or respect, — when said respecting the Supreme Being, to adore, worship; to dignify, elevate in rank or sta- tion. (Com.) To accept and pay when due. — Hon'- orable, a. Worthy of honor; estimable ; actuated by principles of honor; proceeding from an upright and laudable cause; conferring honor ; performed or accompanied with marks of honor; an epithet of distinction; becoming men of rank and character. — Hon'ora'rium, Hon'orary, -rT, n. A fee offered to professors in universities, and to medical or other professional gentlemen. — Hon'orary, a. Confer- ring, or intended merely to confer, honor; possess- ing title or place without performing services or re- ceiving reward. — Hon'est, a. Decent; honorable; fair; good; unimpeached: fair in dealing with oth- ers; upright; just; free from fraud; equitable; ac- cording to truth; proceeding from just principles, or directed to a good object; chaste; virtuous. — Hon'- estly, -IT, adv. — Hon'esty, -tT, n. Quality or state of being honest; upright disposition or conduct; integ- rity; probity: faithfulness; honor; justice; equity; candor; veracity. Hood, hot>d, n. A covering for the head, which leaves only the face exposed; anything resembling a hood in form or use, as, the top of a carriage, or a chim- ney-top, often movable on a pivot. — r. t. To cover or furnish with a hood; to cover, hide— Hood'-cap, «. A kind of seal, hav- ing a membranous muscular sac over its head, which it inflates when alarmed. — mold / - ing, -moulding, n (Arch.) A project- i n g molding, a s over the head of the arch of a Goth- ic door or win- dow ; drip -stone. — Hood'wink, r. t. [-winked (-winkt), -W INKING.] To blind by covering the eyes; to cover, hide; to impose on. Hoodlum, hood'him, n. In California, etc., a rough; rowdv; ragamuffin; blackguard. Hoof, hoof or hot>f, n. ; pi. Hoofs, rarely Hooves. The Ilnnil-nMkliir.:'-. siin, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, bONboN, chair, get. HOOK 182 HORSE horny substance that covers or terminates the feet of certain animals, as horses, oxen, sheep, goats, deer, etc.: see Horse. An animal; a beast. Hook, h<56k, n. Some hard material, bent into a curve for catching, holding, or sustaining anything ; a snare; a scythe or sickle; a bolt or spike with a ver- tical pin at one end. — v. t. [hooked (hot>kt), hook- ing.] To catch or fasten, seize or draw, with a hook; to draw or obtain by artifice, insnare; to steal. — v. i. To bend, be curved.— Hooked, h<56k'ed or h<56kt, a. Hook-shaped; curvated; provided with a hook. — Hook'edness, n. Hookah, hdok'a, n. A kind of pipe, used in the Orient, having a long, flexible stem, in which the smoke_of the tobacco passes through water. Hoop, hoop or hot>p, n. A circular band of wood or metal, esp. one for holdiug together the staves of casks, etc.; a flattened ring; a circle, or combination of rings of elastic material, for expanding the skirts of dresses,— chiefly in pi. ; a quart pot,— orig. bound with hoops, like a barrel. — v. t. [hooped (hdopt), hooping.] To bind or fasten with hoops; to clasp, encircle. Hoop, hoop, v. i. To whoop, q. v. — Hoop'er, n. A wad swan, which utters a note like whoop.— Hoop'- ing-cough, n. A cough in which the patient whoops, with a deep inspiration of breath. Hoosier,_hoo , zher, n. A citizen of Indiana. Hoot, hoot, v. i. To cry out or shout in contempt; to cry as an owl. — v. t. To utter contemptuous cries or shouts at. — n. A cry in contempt; cry of an owl. Hoove, hoov, Hoven, hov'n, n. A disease in cattle, with inflation of the stomach by gas. Hop, hop, v. i. [hopped (hopt), -ping.] To leap on one leg; to skip, as birds do; to move by leaps, as toads do. — n. A jump ; a dance. — Hop/'per, n. One who hops; a trough through which grain passes into a mill by jolting or shaking; a vessel in which seed-corn is carried for sowing. — Hop'-scotch, n. A child's game, in which a stone is driven by the foot from one compartment to another of a figure traced or scotched upon the ground.— Hop'ple, -pi, v.t. [-pled (-pld), -pling.] To tie the feet of loosely to- f ether, to prevent running or leaping. — n. A fetter or horses, or other animals, turned out to graze. Hop, hop, n. A twining vine ; pi. its bitter, aromatic flower-scales and fruit, dried and used in brew- ing, cooking, and medi- cine.— Hop'-bine, -bind, w. The stalk or vine on whichhops grow. Hope, hop, n. A desire of some good, with at least a slight belief that it is obtainable ; that which gives hope or furnishes ground of expectation; thing which is hoped for; anticipation; trust; belief; confidence. — v. i. [hoped (hopt), hoping.] To entertain hope, place confidence. — v. t. To desire with expectation. — Hope'ful, -fill, a. Full of hope; having qualities which excite hope ; promising— Hope'fully, adv.— Hope'fulness, n. — Hopeless, a. Destitute of hope; despairing; giv- ing no ground of hope; desperate; unhoped for; un- expected. — Hopelessly, adv. —Hopelessness, n. Horal, Horary. See under Houe. Horde, hord, n. A wandering troop or gang; esp. a clan or tribe of a nomadic people possessing no fixed habitations. Horehound. See Hoaehound, under Hoae. Horizon, ho-ri /, zun, n. The apparent junction of the earth and sky. (Astron.) A plane passing through the eye of the spectator and at right angles to the vertical at a given place, — called the sensible hori- zon; a plane parallel to the sensible horizon of a place, and passing through the earth's center, — called the rational or celestial horizon. — Hor / izon / '- Hop. tal, a. Pert, to, near, or parallel to, etc. ; on a level; measured or contained in a plane of the horizon.— Hor'izon'taHy, adv. Horn, h6rn, n. A hard, projecting, and usually curved and pointed organ, growing from the heads of cer- tain animals; something made of, or like a horn, as, a wind instrument of music; or, a drinking-cup; or, a utensil for holding powder; something resembling a horn in position or projection; the tough fibrous material of which horns are composed. (Script.) A symbol of strength, power, exaltation. An em- blem of a cuckold, — chiefly in pi.— v. t. [horned (hornd), horning.] To furnish with horns; to give the shape of a horn to; to cuckold.— Horned, hornd, a. Having, or shaped like, etc. — Horn'y, -T, a. [-iee, -iest.] Consisting of horns or of a horn-like sub- stance; hard; callous. — Horn '-book, n. A primer, — formerly covered with horn to protect it; any ele- mentary text-book ; hand-book. mad, a. Mad as one who has been horned or cuckolded; stark mad; raving crazy. owl, n. A species of owl, having 2 tufts of feathers on its head. stone, n. (Min.) A silicious stone resembling flint, but more brittle. — Horn'beam, n. A tree having a smooth, gray bark and white and very hard wood. —Horn 'bill, n. A large bird of Africa and Asia, having a large bill curving downward, on which is a process resembling another growing upward. — Horn'blende, n. (Min.) A com- mon mineral, occurring massive, or in prismatic crystals, and of various colors: it consists essen- tially of silica combined with magnesia, lime, or iron. — Hor'- net, n. A large, strong, venom- ous wasp.— Horn 'pipe, n. An instrument of music consisting of a wooden pipe, with holes, and a horn at each end; a lively air of compound triple time; a Brit- ish dance. HornbiU. Horologue, Horoscope, etc. See under Houe. Horror, hor'rer, n. A shaking, shivering, or shudder- ing, as in the cold fit which precedes a fever; a pain- ful emotion of fear, dread, and abhorrence ; that which excites horror or dread.— Hor'rible, -rt-bl, a. Exciting, or tending to excite, horror; dreadful; aw- ful; shocking; hideous; horrid.— Hor'rid, a. Rough; bristling; prickly; fitted to excite horror; very offen- sive or disagreeable.— Hor'rify, -rt-fl, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fying.] To make horrible, strike with horror. — Horrific, a. Causing horror; frightful. Horse, h6rs, n. A hoofed quadruped used for draught , ears; 2, forelock; 3, fore- head ; 4, eye ; 5, eye-pits ; 6, nose ; 7, nostril ; 8, point of nose ; 9, lips ; 10, nether jaw ; 11, cheek ; 12, poll ; 13, mane; 14, withers; 15, parotid glands ; 16, throat ; 17, neck ; 18, jugular vein ; 19, shoul- der ; 20, chest ; 21, ribs ; 22, back ; 23, loins ; 24, hip ; 25, flank ; 26, belly ; 27, haunch ; 28, thigh ; 29, buttock ; 30, stifle ; 31, leg ; 32, tail ; 33, hock ; 34, cannon or shank- bone ; 35, arms ; 36, knees ; 37, passage for the girths ; 38, elbow ; 39, shank ; 40, bul- let ; 41, pasterns ; 42, coro- net ; 43, foot ; 44, hoof ; 45, fetlock. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tSrm 5 In, Ice ; 5dd, or; HORTATION 183 HOWEL or the saddle; the male of the genus horse, disting. fr. the female ; mounted soldiery, cavalry (used without pi. termination); a frame with legs used for supporting something. {Mining.) A mass of earthy matter inclosed between branches of a vein. (Naut.) A foot-rope from the middle of a yard to its extrem- ity; a thick rope near the mast for hoisting a yard or extending a sail on it.— v. t. [horsed (hdrst), hous- ing.] To provide with a horse or horses; to ride or sit on anything astride ; to cover (a mare) — said of the male. —Horse'' man, n. ; pi. -men. A rider on horseback. (Mil.) A mounted soldier. — Horse'man- ship, n. Act or art of riding, and of training and managing horses; manege. — Horse'shoe, n. An iron shoe for horses, shaped like the letter u ; anything so ehaped. — Horse'-bean, n. A kind of small bean usu- ally given to horses. — car, n. A railroad car drawn by horses. — chest/nut, -ches'nut, n. A tree bearing snowy flowers and large nuts, — said to have been brought fr. Constantinople; the nut. [So called be- cause the nut was formerly ground and given to horses.] — latitudes, n. pi. A sailor's name for 2 zones of calms and baffling winds, one in each hemis- phere,— said to be very fatal to horses on shipboard. laugh, n. A loud, coarse, boisterous laugh.— -pow'er, n. The power which a horse is capable of exerting. (Mack.) A standard by which the capa- bilities of steam engines, etc., are measured, — esti- mated as 33,000 pounds raised 1 foot in a minute. A machine operated by horses. — race, n. A race by horses. — radish, n. (Bot.) A cruciferous herb, al- lied to scurvy grass, having a root of a pungent taste, used, when grated, as a condiment and in medicine. — rake, n. A rake drawn by horse-power. Hortation, h6r-ta r shun, n. Act of giving advice. Horticulture, hSr'tT-kul'chur, n. Art of cultivating gardens; cultivation of a garden or orchard. Hosanna, ho-zan'na, n. ; pi. -nas, -naz. An exclama- tion of praise to God. Hose, hoz, n. ; pi. Hose, formerly Hosen, ho'zn. Close-fitting breeches, as formerly worn, reaching to the knee; stockings; a flexible pipe to' convey water. — Ho'sier, -zher, n. One who deals in hose, or in goods knit or woven like hose. — Ho'siery, -zhgr-t, n. Business of a hosier; stockings and knit goods. Hospice, hos'pes, n. A place of refuge or entertain- ment for Alpine travelers kept by monks, who also occupy it as a convent. — Hos'pitable, -pl-ta-bl, a. Receiving and entertaining strangers without re- ward; kind to guests; proceeding from or indicating kindness to guests. — Hos'pital, n. A building in which the sick are treated: a refuge for the disabled, infirm, or dependent. — Hos'pitarity, -Y-tY, «._ Act or practice of one who is hospitable. — Host, host, n. One from whom another receives food, lodging, or entertainment; a landlord.— Host'ess, n. A female host or innkeeper. — Hostler, hoslgr or osier, n. One who has the care of horses at an inn; stable-boy; groom.— Hotel', n. An inn or public house; esp. one of some style or pretensions. Host. See under Hospice. Host, host, n. An army ; any great number or multi- tude. —Hostile, hSs'til, a. Pert., or appropriate to, an enemy; inimicil; adverse; repugnant. — Hostil- ity, -tiKl-tY, n. State of being hostile; act of an open enemy, esp. in plural, acts of warfare. Host, host, n. (Rom. Cath. Church.) The consecrated wafer, believed to be the body of Christ, offered in the mass as a sacrifice. Hostage, hos'tej, n. A person given as a security for the performance of conditions. Hostess, etc. See under Hospice. Hostile, etc. See under Host, an army. Hot, hot, a. [hotter ; hottest.] Having much sensible heat ; characterized by heat, ardor, or ani- mation ; lustful ; lewd ; acrid ; biting ; pungent ; fiery; eager; brisk; violent; furious. Hotchpotch, hoch'poch, n. A confused mixture of ingredients. (Law.) A blending of property for equality of division. In Scot., a kind of mutton brnth, containing green peas, carrots, etc. Hotel, etc. See under Hospice. Hough, hok, n. The hock, the joint on the hind leg of a quadruped, between knee and fetlock : see Horse ; the posterior part of the knee-joint in man. — v.t. [houghed (hokt), houghing.] To disable by cutting the sinews of the leg; to hamstring. Hound, hownd, n. A hunting dog; prop., one which hunts game by the scent. — v. t. lo incite, as a hound, to pursuit; to hunt, chase; to urge on, as by hounds; to incite or spur on. Hour, owr, n. Sixty minutes; the time of the day, as indicated by a timepiece ; fixed or appointed time ; conjuncture; limit of the time appointed for one's regular labor, — as, after hows. pi. (Myth.) God- desses of the seasons, etc. — Hourly, -II, a. Happening or done every hour; occurring every hour; frequent; often repeated; continual. — adv. Every hour; frequently.— Hour'-glass, n. An instrument for measuring time, esp. the interval of an hour, by the running of sand out of a glass vessel. — Hor'o- loge, hSr'o-loj 3, hSr'o-loj, n. A timepiece of any d. — Horolog'ical, -18Vik-al, a. Pert, to a horologe, or to horology.— Horol'ogy, -it, n. Science of measur- txoux -' ingtime.— Hor'oscope, -skop, w. (Astrol.) An obser- vation of the heavens at the moment of a person's birth, by which astrologers claimed to foretell the events of his life ; scheme of 12 houses or signs of the zodiac, into which the circuit of the heavens was divided for such prediction of fortune. Houri, hoWrT or hoc'rT, n. A nymph of paradise, — so called by Mohammedans. House, hows, n. ; pi. Houses, howz'ez. A building used as a shelter for animals of any kind ; esp. one for the habitation of man ; a dwelling ; mansion ; tenement ; household affairs; domestic concerns; a household; family; a race of persons from the same stock ; a tribe ; esp. a noble or illustrious race ; a body of men united in their legislative capacity. ( Com.) A firm or commercial establishment. (As- trol.) A 12th part of the heavens. An inn; hotel; an audience; assembl}- of hearers. — House, howz, v. t. [housed (howzd), housing.] To shelter, protect by covering. — r. i. To take shelter or lodgings, abide, dwell.— House'hold, n. Those who dwell under the same roof and compose a family. — a. Belonging to the house and family; domestic. — House'holder, n. The head of a family; one who occupies a house. — House'keeper, n. One who occupies a house with his family; a householder; a female servant who has the chief care of the family. — House'' wife, hows'wlf or huz'wlf, n. The mistress of a family; a little case for materials used in sewing, etc., — prop, hussif, q. v.— House'wifely, -IT, a. Pert, to a housewife, or to female management of home affairs; like a house- wife.— House'wifery, huz /r wif-rY, n. Business of the mistress of a family; female management of domes- tic concerns.— House'-break'er, n. One who feloni- ously breaks into a house. — treak'ing, n. Act of, etc. — warm'ing, n. An entertainment given when a family enters a new house. Housing, howz'ing, n. A saddle-cloth ; horsecloth ; act of putting under shelter. (Arch.) Space taken out of one solid, to admit the insertion of another ; a niche for a statue. (Mach.) The part of the framing which holds a journal-box in place ; up- rights supporting the cross-slide of a planer. Hove. See Heave. Hovel, huvl, n. An open shed for sheltering cattle, etc., from weather; a small, mean house. — v. t. [hoveled (-Id), -eling.] To put in a hovel, shelter. Hover, huv'gr, v. i. [-ered (-Srd), -eking.] To hang fluttering in the air. or upon the wing ; to move to and fro in the neighborhood of. How, how, adv. In what manner or way ; by what means ; to what degree or extent ; in what propor- tion; for what reason ; in what state, condition, or plight. — Howbe'it, conj. Be it as it may; neverthe- less; notwithstanding; yet; but; however. — How- eVer, arfn. In whatever manner or degree; at all events; at least.— con?. Nevertheless: notwithstand- ing ; yet ; still ; though. — How'soev'er, adv. In what manner soever; to whatever degree ; however. Howdah, how'da, n. A seat on the back of an ele- phant or camel. Howel, how'el, n. A cooper's plane for smoothing and chamfering the inside of casks, etc. sun, cube, full ; moon, l'o"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. HOWITZER 184 HUMP Howitzer, how'its-Sr cannon, with or without a c h a m b e r, in- tended to throw large projectiles with small charges. Howl, h o w I, v. i. [HOWLED (howld),HO\v ING.] To CI n. {Mil.) A short, large bore Howitzer. as a dog or wolf; to utter a loud, protracted, and mournful sound ; to utter a sound of distress, wail ; to roar, as a tempest. — v. t. To utter with outcry. — n. The protracted cry of a dog, etc. ; a loud cry of distress; yell. — Howl'et, n. An owl; owlet. Hoy, hoi, n. (N'aut.) A coasting vessel for passengers and goods, usually a sloop. Hub, hub, n. The central part or nave of a wheel ; hilt of a weapon ; projecting obstruction ; mark at which quoits, etc., are cast ; block for scotching a wheel; a fluted steel screw for cutting chasing tools, etc.; a punch for making die-matrixes. Hubbub, hub'bub, n. A great noise of confused voices; a tumult; uproar; riot. Huckaback, huk'a-bak, n. A kind of linen with raised figures, for table-cloths and towels. Huckleberry, huk'l-ber'ri, n. A branching shrub, of several species, producing a small, black, edible berry; the fruit of this shrub. [Written also whortle- berry.'] Huckster, huk'ster, n. A retailer of small articles ; a peddler ; hawker ; a mean, trickish fellow. — v. i. To deal in some small articles, or in petty bargains. Huddle, hud'dl, v. i. [-dled (-did), -dling.] To press or hurry in disorder ; to crowd together confusedly. — v. t. To hurry and slight; to put on, put together, or put away hastily or in disorder. — n. A confused crowd of persons or things; tumult; confusion. Hue, hu, n. Color; shade; tint; dye. Hue, hu, n. A shouting or vociferation. Huff, huf, n. A fit of petulance or anger ; a boaster. — V. t. [HUFFED (lmft), HUFFING.] To swell, puff up ; to treat with insolence, bully. — v. i. To dilate, swell up; to take offense; to bluster, storm. Hug, hug, v. t. [hugged (hugd), -ging.] To embrace closely; clasp to the bosom; to hold fast, treat with fondness ; to cherish in the mind. (Na.ut.) To keep close to. — n. A close embrace; clasp; gripe. Huge, huj, a. Very large or great ; monstrous ; im- mense; extended; gigantic; vast. Hugger-mugger, hug'ger-mug'ger, n. Privacy ; se- crecy. — a. Secret; sly; disorderly; mean. Huguenot, hu'ge-not, n. (Eccl. Hist.) A French Prot- estant of the period of the religious wars in France in the 16th century. Hulk, hulk, n. The body of a vessel; esp. the body of an old ship unfit for service ; anything bulky or un- wieldy. — Hulking, a. Heavy; unwieldy. Hull, hul, n. The outer covering 'of anything, esp. of a nut or of grain; the husk. (jS T aut.) The frame or body of a vessel: see Ship. — v. t. [hulled (huld), hulling.] To strip off or separate the hull or hulls of; to pierce the hull of (a ship). Hum, hum, v. i. [hummed (humd), -ming.] To make a dull, prolonged, nasal sound, like that of a bee in flight; to drone, murmur, buzz, drawl; to make as if speaking, but without opening the mouth, or ar- ticulating; to mumble.— v. t. To sing with shut mouth; to murmur without articulation; to make a murmur or buzz of approbation, —n. Noise of bees in flight, of a revolving top, whirling wheel, etc.; any inarticulate buzzing sound; an imposition or hoax.— Hum'bug, n. Im- position under fair pre- tenses; a hoax; one who hoaxes ; an impostor. — V. t. [humbugged (-bugd), -ging.] To de- ceive, impose on, cajole. — Hum 7 ' drum, a. Dull; stupid: commonplace. — Hum' ming -bird, n. A Humming-bir'? very small Amer. bird of many species, remarkable for the metallic brilliancy of its plumage, its swift motion, and the humming sound of its wings when in flight, or hovering about flowers in pursuit of in- sect food. Hum, hum, interj. Ahem; hem, — a sound with a pause implying doubt and deliberation. Human, hu'man, a. Pert, to man or mankind; hav- ing the qualities or attributes of man. — Hu'manly, -IT, adv. After the manner of men. — Hu'manist, n. One who pursues the study of the humanities, or po- I lite literature; one versed in the knowledge of hu- j man nature. — Human'ity, -I-tT, n. Quality of be- j ing human; mankind collectively; quality of being ! humane ; kindness; benevolence; mental cultiva- tion; liberal education, pi. The branches of polite I or elegant learning; belles-lettres. — Hu'manize, v. t. i [-ized (-izd), -izing.] To render human or humane. i — v. i. To become or be made more humane ; to be- come civilized, be ameliorated. — Human'ita'rian, -rl-an, n. One who holds that Jesus Christ was merely a man; one who practices humanity or be- i nevolence. {Philos.) One who limits the sphere of duties to human relations and affections, excluding the spiritual. —a. Pert, to humanitarians; benevo- lent; philanthropic; ethical, — disting. fr. religious. — Human'ita'rianism, -izm, n. Doctrine or practice of, etc. — Humane'', -man'', a. Having the feelings proper to man, and a disposition to treat others with kindness ; kind ; benevolent ; merciful ; tending to refine. Humble, hum'bl or um'bl, a. [-bler. -blest.] Low; unpretending; mean; thinking lowly of one's self ; not proud, arrogant, or assuming; modest; meek. — v. t. [humbled (-bid), -bling.] To bring low, re- duce the power, independence, or exaltation of, bring down; to make lowly in mind, abase the pride of, degrade, sink. — Hum'bly, -bit, adv. — Hum'ble- ness, n. — Humiliate, hu-mil'I-at, v. t. To reduce to a lower position, humble, depress, abase. — HumiP- ia'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. — Humil'- ity, -ti, n. State or quality of being humble; lowli- ness of mind; modesty; diffidence. Humble-bee, hum'bl-be, n. A large, hairy bee, of many species, having nests in the ground; a bumble-bee. Humbles, Umbles, um'blz, Nom'bles, n. pi. The en- trails of a deer or other beast. — To eat humble pie. To take up with mean fare, accept humiliation, apologize abjectly. Humbug, Humdrum. See under Hum. Humerus, hu'mer-us, n. The shoulder ; the upper arm; esp. the long bone fr. shoulder to elbow. Humid, hu'mid, a. Containing sensible moisture ; damp; moist.— Humid'ity, -T-tT,w. Moisture; damp- ness; degree of wetness or saturation. Humming-bird. See under Hum. Hummock, hum'mok, n. A rounded knoll or hillock; a ridge or pile of ice on an ice-field; timbered land. Humor, hu'mer or u'mer, n. Moisture ; any fluid of an animal body except blood, esp. a portion of the eye. {Med.) A vitiated or morbid animal fluid, such as often causes an eruption on the skin; an eruptive affection of the skin; a rash. State of mind (formerly fancied to depend on the condition of the fluids of the body); disposition; temper; whim; ca- price ; present disposition; that quality of the im- agination which excites mirth by ludicrous images or representations ; wit ; satire ; pleasantry. — v. t. [humored (-merd), -moring.] To comply with the humor of, please by indulgence, favor; to adapt one's self to. — Hu' moral, a. Pert, to, or proceeding from, the humors. — Hu'moralism, -izm, n. State of be- ing humoral; doctrine that diseases have their seat in the humors or fluids of the body. — Hu'morism, n. (Med.) Humoralism. Humorousness. — Hu'morist, n. One who attributes diseases to the diseased state i of the humors ; one who has strong peculiarity of j character, which he indulges in odd or whimsical ways ; one who has a playful fancy or genius ; a ; wag; droll. — Hu'morous, -us, a. Subject to be gov- j erned by humor or caprice; full of humor; exciting [ laughter; jocose; wittv; merry; capricious; whimsi- i cal. — Hu^morously, -It, adv. — Hu'morousness, n. 1 — Hu'morsome, -sum, a. Influenced by humor. Hump, hump, n. A protuberance; bunch; esp. the am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Sod, eve, term ; In, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r ; HUNCH 185 HYDRA protuberance formed by a crooked back; a hunch. — Hump , back, n. A crooked back; hunchback. >»» Hunch, hunch, n. A hump; protuberance; a thick piece ; hunk ; a push or jerk, as with the elbow. — V. t. [HUNCHED (huncht), HUNCHING.] To push with the elbow or with a sudden jerk; to crook, as the back.— Hunch'back, n. A humpback; one who has, etc. Hundred, hun'dred, n. The number of ten times ten; a division of a county in Eng., supposed to have originally contained 100 families, or freemen. — a. Ten times 10; . i. To clash, jostle; to move rapidly, skirmish; to make a clashing, terrifying, or threatening sound.— v. t. To brandish; to push forcibly. Hurtleberry. Same as Huckleberry and Whortle- berry. Husband, huz'band, n. A man who has a wife. —v. t. To direct and manage with frugality; to cultivate (land); to till.— Hus'bandman, n. ;pl.-MEN. Afarm- er ; tiller of the ground. —Husbandry, -rl, n. Care of domestic affairs; domestic economy ; business of a husbandman or farmer; agriculture; tillage. Hush, hush, a. Silent ; still ; quiet. — n. Stillness ; quiet, — v. t. [hushed (husht), hushing.] To still, silence; to calm (commotion or agitation).— v. i. To be still; to be silent, — esp. used in the imperative, as an exclamation. — Hush'-mon'ey, n. A bribe to secure silence. Husk, husk, n. The external covering of certain fruits or seeds of plants, — r.t. [husked (huskt), husk- ing.] To strip off the external covering of.— Husk'- ing, n. Act of stripping off husks, as from Indian corn; a meeting of neighbors, to assist in husking corn. — Husk'y, -i, a. Abounding with, consisting of, or like busies. Husky, husk'!, a. Rough in tone; hoarse; raucous. Hussar, huz-zar', «. {Mil.) Orig. one of the national cavalry 'of Hungary and Croatia; now one of the light cavalry of European armies. Hussif, huz'zif , n. A case for thread, needles, etc., — called also housewife. Hussy, huz'zl, n. An ill-behaved woman or girl; a jade; pert girl: a case for thread, needles, etc.: see Hussif. — Hus'wife, -zif or -wif , n. A female econ- omist or housekeeper; a worthless woman: a case for sewing materials. See Housewife. — Hus'wifery, n. Management of family concerns by a woman. Hustings, hus'tingz, n. pi. The principal court of the city of London, held before the lord mayor, record- er, and aldermen: place where the election of a mem- ber of Parliament is held; platform on which candi- dates stand. Hustle, hus'l, v. t. [-tled (-Id), -tling.] To shake together in confusion, jostle, shove about roughly. Hut, hut, n. A small house, or cabin. — v. t. To place in huts, as troops in winter quarters. Hutch, huch, n. A chest, box, etc., for storing things; a coop for rabbits; a low-wheeled car in a mine. Huzza, huz-zii/, n. A shout of joy. — interj. Hurrah! — v. i. [huzzaed (-zad'), -zaing.] To utter a shout of joy, approbation, or encouragement. Hyacinth, hi'a-sinth, n. (Bot.) A bulbous plant of many varieties, bearing spikes of fra- grant flowers: the "wild hyacinth" {Eastern quamash) and " Peruvian hyacinth" are varieties of scilla. Ofin.) A red variety of zircon, some- times used as a gem. Hybrid, hybrid or hib'rid, ??. An ani- mal or plant produced from mixture of 2 species; a mongrel; mule. — a. Produced from, etc. Hydra, hi'dra, n. ; E. pi. -dras, -draz, L. pi. -DRyE, -dre. {Myth.) A water- serpent having many heads, one of which, being cut oft, was succeeded by another, unless the wound was cauterized. A multifarious evil, or one not to be repressed by a single effort. {ZooJ.) A minute kind of fresh water polyp. — Hy'drous, -drus, a. Containing water, watery. — Hy- drangea, -je-a, n. {Bot.) A shrubby Hyacinth. genus of plants bearing opposite leaves and large heads of showy flowers. — Hy'drant, n. A pipe or spout at which water may be drawn from the mains of an aqueduct: a water-plug; street fountain.— Hy'drate, -drat, n. {Chem.) A compound formed by the union of a definite proportion of water with some other substance, generally forming a neu- tral salt. — Hy'dride, -drid, n. {Chem.) A compound of the binary type, in which hydrogen, as a nega- tive, is united with some other element. — Hydrau'- lic, -draw'lik, -lical, a. Pert, to hydraulics, or to fluids in motion. — Hydrau'lics, n. sing. That branch of science or of engineering which treats of fluids, esp. water, in motion. — Hydraulic cement. Cement which will harden under water. — H. press. A press in which great power is obtained from a forcing pump which forces water into a large cylinder. — H. ram. A machine for rais- ing water by means of the momentum of the water of which a portion is to be Hydraulic Ram. raised.— Hy'drocele, -sel, n. {Med.) Dropsy of the scrotum or of the coverings of the testicles or spermatic cord. — Hydrocephalus, -sef'a-lus, n. {Med.) Dropsy of the brain. — Hy'dro- dynam'ic, «. Pert, to, or derived from, the force or pressure of water. — Hy'drodynam'ics, n. Principles of dynamics, as applied to water and other fluids. — Hy'drofluor'ic, -floo-3r / 'ik, a. {Chem.) Pert, to, or derived from, fluorine and hydrogen. — H. acid. An acid obtained by distilling fluor-spar with sulphuric sttn, cQbe, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. HYEMAL HYSTERON-PROTERON acid. — Hy'drogen, -jen, n. (Chem.) An inflamma- ble, colorless, ino'lorbus gas of extreme lightness, — one of the elements of water.— Hydrog'rapher, -fSr, n. One who draws maps of the sea, etc., with the ad- jacent shores. — Hydrog'raphy, -f I, n. Art of meas- uring and describing the sea, lakes, rivers, etc., or of forming charts of the same. — Hydro-Fogy, n. Sci- ence of water, its properties, phenomena, and laws, its distribution in likes, rivers, etc, over the earth's surface.— Hydrometer, n. An instrument for deter- mining the specinc gravities and thence the strength of liquids; also, one for measuring the velocity or discharge of water, as in rivers, from reservoirs, etc. — Hydrom'etry, -tri, n. The determining the spe- ciric gravity and strength of liquids; art or operation of measuring the velocity or discharge of running water. — Hydrop'athy, -a-thi, n. The water-cure, a mode of treating diseases by the use of pure water. — Hydropath'ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, etc. — Hydrop'a- thist. Hy'dropath, n. One who practices, etc.— Hy- dropho'bia, -lo'bl-a, n. (Me'l.) A preternatural dread of water,— a symptom of canine madness; the disease caused by inoculation with the saliva of a rabid dog. — Hydrostatic, -ical, a. Relating to hy- drostatics; pert, to, or in accordance with, the prin- ciples of the equilibrium of fluids. — Hydrostat'ics, n. Science of the pressure and equilibrium of fluids. Hyemal, hi-e'inal, a. Belonging to, or done in winter. Hyena, hi-e'na, n. ; pi. -nas, -naz. A carnivorous m a m raal of «,,«**. Asia and Afri- ca, allied to the dog: its habits are nocturnal, and it gener- ally feeds upon carrion. Hygeiaa, hi-je'- an, a. Relating to Hygeia, god- dess'of health; pert, to health or its preserva- tion. — Hy ' • giene, -jT-en, n. of households and communities.— Hygien'ic, -en- Hyena. Science of preserving health, esp. d communities.— Hygien'ic, -en-ik, Pert, to, etc.; sanatory. _ irology, hi-groKo-iT, n. " Doctrine of the fluids of the body, or the phenomena and causes of atmos- pheric moisture. — Hygrometer, n. An instrument for measuring the moisture of the atmosphere.— Hy- gromefric, -rical.a. Pert, to hygrometry; made by, or according to, the hygrometer; readily absorbing and retaining moisture. — Hygrornetry, -trT, n. De- termination of the humidity ot bodies, esp. of the atmosphere. Hymen, hi'men, v. (Myth.) The god of marriage and nuptial solemnities. (Anat.) The virginal mem- brane.— Hymene'al, -e'an, o. Pert, to marriage or a wedding; nuptial. — n. A marriage song ; epitha- lamium. — Hymenop'teral, -ter-al, -terous, -us, a. Pert, to an order of insects having 4 membranous wings, as the bee, the wasp, etc. Hymn, him, n. An ode or song of praise, adoration, thanksgiving, etc., esp. one sung in worship. — v. t. [hymned (himd), hymning.] To worship or extol by singing hymns; to sing.— Hymenal, n. A book of hymns — Hymnoiegy, -j f, n. A collection of hymns; hymns of a period or country; hymns collectively; treatise on hvmns. Hyoid, hi'oid.'Hyoid'ean, -e-an, a. Having the form of an arch, or of the Greek letter upsi- lon [u].— Hyoid bone. A bone between the root of the tongue and the larynx. Hyp, hip, n. A morbid depression of spirits; melancholy. — v. t. To make melancholy, dep-ess the spirits of. [Contr. of hypochondria, q. v.] Kyperbaton, hi-per'ba-ton, n. (Gram.) A figurative construction, changing the natural and proper order of words and sentences. — Hyper'bola, -bo-la, n. (Geo n.) A curve lormed by a section of a cone, when the cutting-p lane makes a greater angle with the base Hyperbola. than the side of the cone makes. — Hyper'bole, -bo- ,._le, 7i. (Ilhet.) A figure of speech which expresses more or less than the truth; exaggeration.— Hyper- bol'ic, -ical, a. (Math.) Pert, to or of the natuie of the hyperbola. Relating to, or containing, hyper- bole. — Hy'perbol'ically, -IT, adv. In the form of a hyperbola; with exaggeration. — Hyperborean, -re-an, a. Northern; very far north; arctic: hence very cold; frigid, — n. An inhabitant of the most northern region of the earth.— Hypercrific, n. One critical beyond measure; a ciptious censor. — Hy- percrific, -ical, a. Over-ciitical ; c:itical beyond use or reason; excessively nice or exact. — Hyper- crit'icism. -sizm, n. Excessive or unjust c iticism. — Hypertrophy, -tro-fi, n. (Jfed.) Morbid en- largement or overgrowth of an organ or part of the body. Hyphen, hi'fen, n. (Print.) A mark, thus [-], to con- nect syllables of divided, or parts of compound, words. Hypnotic, hip-nofik, a. Tending to produce sleep; sopoinc; characterized by unnatural or morbid sleep. — Hyp'notism, -no-tizm, n. A kind of mesmeric sleep or somnambulism; a similar condition pro- duced by gazing at a very bright object. Hypo, hi'po, v. A morbid depression of spirits; hyp. — Hyp'ochon'dria, hip/o-kon'drf-a, n. (Med.) A mental disorder, in which one is tormented by mel- ancholy and gloomy views, esp. about his own health. — Hyp'ochon'driac, a. Pert, to the hypo- chondrium, or the i ar s of the body so called; af- fected, characterized, or produced by,'hypochondria; producing melancholy, or low spirits. — v. A person affected with hypochondiia.— Hyp'ochon'drium, w.. ; pi. -dhia. (Anat.) That part 01 the cavity of the abdomen which, on either side, is beneath the carti- lages of the false ribs. — Hypoc'risy, -ri-sY, n. The act or practice of a hypociite; simulation, or dissim- ulation; esp. the assuming of a false appearance of virtue or religion.— Hyp'ocrite,-ki it, n. A pretender to virtue or piety whicu he has not. — Hypoerific, -ical, a. Belonging to a hypociite: exhibiting hypoc- risy. — Hypocritically, adv.— Hypodermic, -'der'*- mik, a. (hed.) Pert, to what is under the skin; sub- cutaneous. — H. injection. The introducing, by a syr- inge, under the skin, some medicinal substance — anesthetic, narcotic, etc.— Hypogas' trie, a. (Anat.) Relating to, or situated in, tlie middle of the lower part of the abdomen. — Hypotenuse, hi- „ or M-pot'e-nus, n. (Geom.) The longest side of a right-angled triangle, or the line that subtends the right angle. — Hy- pothecate, hi- or hi-, v. t. (Law.) 'lu confer on (one's creditor) a right in 11 thing, with power to sell it for the dis- charge of a debt out of the proceeds: to subject (property) to liability for a debt without delivery of possession or trans- fer of title; to pledge. — Hypothecation, n. (Civ. Law.) Act orcont-act by winch property is hypothe- cated. (Law of Ship j, in a.) A contract whereby the vessel, freight, or cargo is made liable ior repayment ol money advanced ior the necessities of the ship. — Hypoth'enuse. Same as Hypotenuse. — Hypothe- sis, hi- or hi-, n. ; pi. -ses, -sez. A supposition; some- thing not proved, but assumed for the purpose of argument; a theory assumed to account i©r known facts or phenomena. — Hypothetic, -ical, a. Char- acterized by a hypothesis ; conditional ; assumed without proof for the purpose of reasoning. — Hypo- thefically, adv. Hyson, Men, n. A species of green tea. Hyssop, hTseup or hie up, v. A plant whose leaves have an aromatic smell, and a warm, pungent taste. Hysteria, his-te'i-T-a, h. (Med.) A nervous affection, manifested by alternate fits of laughing and crying, or temporary deliiuin, with a sensation of strangu- lation. — Hyster'ic, -ter'ik, -ical, a. Of, or pert, to, affected, or troubled with, hysterics; convulsive; fit ful. Hysteron-proteron, his'te-ron-prote-ron, n. (Rhet.) A figure in which the wo d that i-ho ild follow comes first: an inversion of logic il o der, in which the con- clusion is put beiore the premises, or the thing proved before the evidence. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tCrm ; lu, Ice ; Sdd, tone, Dr.; 187 IDLE I. Ibex. I, i, the 9th letter of the Eng. alphabet, has 2 principal sounds, — the long sound, as in pine., fine, ice ; and the short, as in pin, fin, gift. I and J were iormerly regarded as the same character, and in English dic- tionaries were long classed together. I, i, /iron. [poss. my or mine ; oy'ectire me ; pl.,nom. we; poss. our or ours; oty. us.] The nominative case of the pronoun of the rirst person, — the word by which a speaker or writer denotes himself. Iamb, i'amb, Iam'bus, L. pi. Iam/bi, -bi ; E. pi. -buses, -bus-ez, lam 'hie, n. {Pros.) A foot of 2 syllables, the 1st short and 2d long, or the Istunc^ented and 2i accented. A verse composed of such feet. pi. A satirical poem; satire; lam- poon. Ibex, i'beks, n. A wild goat of the Alps and other mountains of Europe, remarkable for its long, recurved horns. Ibidem, i-bi'dem, a /v. In the same place,— abbrev. ibid. [L.] Ibi3, V bis, n. A graliatory bird, one species of which was regarded in ancient Egypt with adoration. Ice, is. n. Frozen water or other fluid; concreted sugar ; water or cream flavored and frozen, —v. t. [iced (1st), icixg.] To cover with, or con- vert into, ice; to cover with con- creted sugar; to frost; to cool, as with ice; to freeze. — I'cing, n. A covering of concreted sugar; frost- ing.— Ice'berg, n. A hill or moun- tain of icj floating on the ocean. — Ice'blink, n. A bright appearance near the horizon, occasioned by tne reflection of light from ice, and visible before the ice itself is seen. cream, n. Cream or milk, sweetened, flavored, and congealed by a freezing mixture. — -floa, n. A large sheet of floating ice. — home, re. A repository for preserving ice during w inn weather, —plant, re. A species of mesema yantheinum, sprinkled with waterv vesi- cles, winch glitter like ice.— Icelandic, re. The lan- guage of the inhabitants of Iceland: it is of Sc mdi- navian origin, and more nearly allied to the old Norse than any ctaer language now spjken. — Ice'- land-moss, re. A kind of nutritious lichen, found in arctic regions and on high mountains.— I'cicle, -sl- kl, re. A pendent conical mass of ice. Ichneumon, ik-nu'mon, re. A carnivorous animal of Egypt, resembling a we isel, very destruc- tive to the eggs of the crocodile, and of poultry ; a hymenop- terous insect whose larves are parasitic in Ichneumon, other insects; ichneumon flv. Icnnograph, ik/no-graf, Ichnog'raphy, -ra-fY, n. (Drawing.) A horizontal section of a building or Science of the struc- Ibis. other object; a ground-pla :hthyology, ik-thl-oKo-j r, . Ichthyosaurus. ture, habits, classific ition, etc., of fishes. — Ich/tny- osaur', -o-sawi', -sau'rua, -saw'rus, re. (Pcdeon.) An extinct cirnivorcias reptile, lizard-like, and witli vertebra? like those of fishes. Icicle, Icing, etc. See under Ice. Iconoclast, i-kon'o-klast, re. A destroyer of images or idols; one who exposes impositions or shams. Icosahedron, i'ko-sa-he'dron, re. A solid of 20 equal sides. (Geom.) A regular solid, consisting of 20 equal and similar triangular pyramids whose ver- tices meet in the center of a circumscribing sphere. Icteric, ik-ter'ik, n. A remedy for the jaundice. — Icter'ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, or affected with, jaundice; good against the jaundice. Ictus, ik'tus, re. (Pros.) The stress of voice laid upon the accented syllabic of a word.— Ic'tic, a. Pert, to or produced by a blow; sudden: abrupt. I'd, id. A contr. fr. Iv;oull or I had. Ide, id, re. A lake fish of N. Europe, of the genus of the dace, roach, etc., but ascending rivers to spawn. Idea, i-de'a, re. ; pi. Ide'as, -az. The image or picture of a visible object, formed by the mind ; a similar image of any object, whether sensible or spiritual; a general notion or conception, formed by general- ization ; a notion, conception, or thought ; a belief, doctrine, or opinion ; one of the archetypes or pat- terns of created things, conceived by the Platonists to have existed from eternity in the mind of the Deity. — Ide'al, n. A conception proposed by the mind for imitation, realization, or attainment ; a standard of perfection, beauty, etc. — a. Existing in idea or thought; intellectual:" mental; proposed for imitation, realization, or obedience; existing in imag- ination only; unreal: teaching the doctrine of ideal- ism.— Ide'alism, -izm, re. The system or theory that makes everything to consist in ideas ; doctrine that we have no rational grounds to believe in the real- ity of anything but ideas and their relations.— Ide 1 '- aust, re. One who holds the doctrine of idealism ; one who idealizes, or forms picturesque fancies or ro- mantic expectations. — Ideal'ity, -l-tl, n. A lively imagination, united to a love of the beautiful. See Phrenology.— Ide'alize, r.t. [-iz'ed (-Izd). -izixg] To make ideal, give an ideal form or value to. — v. i. To form ideas. Idem, i'dem. The same as above, — abbreviated id. [L.] — Ilen'tical, -tik-al, a. The same ; the very same ; not different : expressing sameness or the same truth. — Identically, adv. — Iden'tify, -ti-iT, v. t. [-fied (-11:1), -fving.] To make to be the same, unite or combine, treat as having the same use or effect ; to determine or establish the identity of, prove to be the same. — v. i. To become the same, coalesce in interest, purpose, use, effect, etc — Iden- tification, re. Act of, etc.— Iden'tity.-tT-ti, re. State or quality of being identicil; sameness; condition of being the same with something described or asserted, or of possessing n character claimed. Idas, ldz, re. pi. (Anc. Ro-.n. Calendar.) The loth day of Ma eh. May, July, and October, and the 13th of other months. Idiom, id'Y-um, re. A mode of expression peculiar to a language or dialect; genius or peculiar cast of a lan- guage; peculiar form of language. — Id'iomafic, -o- mat'ik, -ical, a. Peculiar to a language: conformed to the mode of exnression of a language. — Idioc r - rasy, -ok'ra-sT, Fdiosyn'crasy, -sin'kra-si, re. Pe- culiarity of constitution or temperament: individ- ual characteristic or susceptibility.— Id'iot, -I-ut, re. Orig., a person in private life, also an unlearned, ignorant, or foolish person; now, a person destitute from birth o+' the ordinary intellectual powers ; a simpleton. — Ii'iocy, -o-sT, Id'iotcy, re. Absence of the mental faculties, natural to man, from congen- ital imperfection in the size, form, or quality of the brain. — Idiotic, -ical. a. Pert, to, or like an idiot ; foolish, sottish. — Id 'iotism, -izm, n. An idiom. Idle, i'dl, a. [idler, idlest.] Of no account ; use- less; vain; unprofitable; not calledinto activeservice; inactive; doing nothing ; averse to labor or employ- ment; indolent; lazy.— v. t. [idled (-did), idling.] sun, cube, full ; moon, fotit ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, bowboir, chair, get. IDOL 188 IMAGE To spend in idleness, waste, consume. — I'dleness, n. Inaction; sluggishness; sloth. Idol, i'dul, n. An image or representation of any- thing; image of a divinity, made as an object of wor- ship; that on which the affections are strongly, ex- cessively, and improperly set; deceitful image ; phan- tom.— I'dolize, v. t. [-ized (-Tzd), -izing.] To make an idol of, pay idolatrous worship to; to love or rev- erence to excess or adoration.— I'doliz'er, n.— ldoV- ater, -doKa-ter, n. A worshiper of idols; a pagan; an adorer; great admirer. — IdoKatress, n. A female worshiper of idols. — IdoPatrous, -trus, a. Pert, to, or of the nature of, consisting in, or partaking of, etc.— IdoKatry, -trT, n. Worship of idols, or anything which is not God; excessive veneration for anything. Idoneous, i-do'ne-us, a. Suitable; fit; proper. Idyl, i'dil or idll, n. A short pastoral poem; also a narrative poem, in an elevated and finished style. If, if, conj. In case that; granting, allowing, or sup- posing that; whether. Igneous, iglie-us, a. Pert, to, consisting of, contain- ing, or like fire. ( Geol.) Resulting from the action of fire.— Ignite'', -liif, v. t. To kindle, set on fire.— v. i. To take fire, begin to burn. — Ignilor, -te"r, n. One who, or that which, etc. ; esp. the contrivance for inflaming powder in a torpedo, etc. — Ignitlble, a. Capable of being ignited. — Ignilion, -nish'un, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. — Ig'nis-fat/uus, -u-us, n. ; pi. Ig'nes-fat'ui, -nez-fafu-I. A flitting light that appears, at night, over marshy grounds, etc., supposed to be occasioned by decomposition of ani- j mal or vegetable substances, or by inflammable gas; will-o'-the-wisp. Ignoble, ig-no'bl, a. Of low birth or family; not no- ! ble or illustrious; mean; worthless; not honorable, elevated, or generous; base; degenerate; degraded: disgraceful; inf anions. — Igno'bly, -blT, adv. — Ig'- : nominy, -min'i, n. Public disgrace or dishonor; an act deserving disgrace ; opprobrium ; reproach ; shame; contempt; infamy. — Ignominious, -T-us, a. Marked with, or deserving, etc.; infamous; despica- ble. — Ignominlously, adv. — Ignore'', -nor', v. t. [-NORED (-n5rdO, -xoring.] To be ignorant of. (Law) To throw out (a bill) as false or ungrounded. To refuse to take notice of; to leave out of account or consideration. — Ignora'mus, n. : pi. -muses, -ez. An ignorant person; a vain pretender to knowledge. — Ig'norance, -rans.w. Condition of being ignorant; want of knowledge. — Ig'norant, a. Destitute of knowledge ; uninstructed or uninformed ; unac- quainted; unaware; displaying, or resulting from, ignorance; illiterate. — Ig'norantly, adv. — Ig'no- rantism, -izm, n. Policy of keeping the masses in a state of ignorance; obscurantism. — Ig'norantist, n. One who, etc. Iguana, T-gwa/na, n. An edible lizard of tropical Amer. Ilex, ileks, n. A genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, including holly. —Iliclc, T-lislk, a. Pert, to the | holly, — said o*f an acid contained in its leaves. — i Illcin, -cine, -sin, n. The bitter principle of, etc. Ileum, iKe-um, n. The lower part of the small intes- ! tine. — Ilium, -l-nm, n. One of the flattened upper side bones of the pelvis, forming part of the hip joint; flank bone; haunch bone. — Iliac, -I-ak, Ili /r - acal, a. Pert, to the ileum or the ilium. Iliad, iKT-ad, n. A Greek epic poem, composed by Homer, on the destruction of Ilium, the ancient Troy. Ilk, ilk, a. The same; also; each; every. [In Scot- tish usage, the phrase of that ilk denotes that one's surname and the title of his estate are the same ; as, Grant of that ilk, i. e., Grant of Grant ; in Eng. and the U. S., it is ignorantly used to signify of that same kind ; as, others of that ilk.] 111, il, a. [Comp. and superl. wanting, their places being supplied bv worse and worst, q. v.] Bad; evil; contrary to good in a physical sense ; opposed to advantage, happiness, etc. ; contrary to good, in a moral sense ; sick; unwell; not accordant with rule, fitness, or propriety ; cross ; surly ; peevish. — n. Evil of any kind; misfortune; disease: pain; wick- edness; depravity; iniquity. — adv. With pain or difficulty; not easily; not rightly or perfectly; not well. — Ill'ness, n. Disease; indisposition; malady; sickness; wrong moral conduct; wickedness.— Illy, irury 10 law; uiuawiui; mien. — u Quality or condition of being ille v. t. To render unlawful.— Iile'ga ible, -lej'i-bl, a. Incapable of bei -It, adv. In an ill or evil manner; not well. [Some- times used, improperly, for ill.'] Illaudable, il-lawd'a-bl, a. Not laudable; worthy of censure or dispraise. — Hle'gal, a. Not legal; con- trary to law; unlawful; illicit. —Illegality, -l-tT, »'. illegal. — Ille'galize, ;ally, adv.— Illeg'- ■lej'i-bl, a. Incapable of being read; not leg- ale or readable. — Illegibly, adv.— Illegibility, n. — Illegitimate, -jit'I-mat, a. Not regular or au- thorized; unlawful; unlawfully begotten; born out of wedlock; illogical; not authorized by good usage. — v. t. To render illegitimate.— Illegit'imalion, n. Act of illegitimating; state of being illegitimate; il- legitimacy.— Illegitimacy, -si, w. Stateof bastardy; state of being not genuine.— Illib^eral, a. Not lib- eral; not free, generous, or noble; niggardly; mean; base; narrow-minded; indicating a lack of breeding, culture, etc. — Illib'erallty, n. Quality of being il- liberal.— Illiberally, adv. — Illicit, -hslt, a. Not permitted or allowed; prohibited; unlawful. — Il- limitable, a. Incapable of being limited or bound- ed ; limitless ; unlimited ; immeasurable ; infinite ; vast. — IUit'erate, a. Ignorant of letters or books; untaught; unlearned; unlettered. — Illiferateness, -eracy, -st, n. State of being illiterate; ignorance; a literary blunder. —Illogical, -lojlk-al, a. Ignorant or negligent of, or contrary to, the rules of logic or sound reasoning. Illness. See under III. Hlude, il-lud r , v. t. To play upon by artifice, deceive, mock. — Ulu'sion, -zhun, n. An unreal image pre- sented to the bodily or mental vision ; delusion ; mockery ; chimera ; fallacy ; hallucination ; a lace fabric used for ladies' dresses, bridal veils, etc. — II- lu'sionist, n. One given to illusion; a juggler. — II- lu'sive, -siv, a. Deceiving by false show; deceitful. — Illu'sory, -so-rl, a. Deceiving by false appear- ances; fallacious. Illume, il-lum' [-lumed (-lumd'), -lumixg], Illu'- minate, Illu'mine, -min, v. t. To enlighten, supply with light ; to light up (a building, etc.) in token of rejoicing or in honor of some person, party, or event ; to adorn (a book or page) with colored illustrations; to explain, elucidate. — Illu'rainalion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. ; festive decoration of buildings with lights; adornment of books with colored illus- trations; thing illuminated, as a house, book, or manuscript; that which illuminates or gives light; brightness; splendor. — Hlulnina'tive, a. Tending to illuminate or illustrate; illustrative. Illusion, Illusive, etc. See under Illude. Illustrate, il-luslrat, v. t. To make clear or bright; to set in a clear light, exhibit distinctly; to explain; to exemplify, esp. by means of figures, comparisons, examples, etc.; to ornament and elucidate with pic- tures or figures. — Illustration, n. Act of illustra- ting; explanation: elucidation; stateof being illus- trated: that which illustrates, esp., a picture, etc.— Illustrative, -tiv, a. Tending to illustrate; explain- ing. — Illuslrious, -trt-us, a. Possessing luster, brightness, or brilliancy; characterized by greatness, nobleness, etc.; conferring luster or honor; brilliant; distinguished; famous; renowned; eminent; glori- ous. Illy. See under III. Image, im'ej, n. A similitude of any person or thing, sculptured, drawn, or otherwise made perceptible to the sight; statue; picture; likeness; effigy; an idol; semblance ; appearance; representation of anything to the mind. (Rhet.) A word-picture; illustration; description ; metaphor. ( Opt.) The figure of any ob- ject formed by rays of light upon the retina of the eye, or upon a mirror or screen, or at the focus of a lens.— v. t. [imaged (-ejd), -aging.] To form an image of ; to represent to the mental vision. — Im'agery, -ej-rT, n. Images in general, or in mass ; unreal show ; work of the imagination or fancy; false ideas; rhetorical decoration; figures in discourse. — Imagine, -ajln, v. t. [-ined (-ind), -ining.] To form in the mind a notion or idea of; to contrive in purpose; to represent to one's self; to fancy, suppose, plan, frame, — v.i. To form con- ceptions, think, suppose. — Imaginary, -r i, a. Ex- isting only in imagination or fancy ; ideal ; chimer- am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; tn, ice ; Odd, tone, 6r ; IMAM 189 IMPBNETRABLENESS ical ; visionary ; unreal. — Imag'ina'tion, n. Power by which the mind forms ideas or mental images ; power to create or reproduce an object of sense pre- viously perceived, or to recall a mental or spiritual state before experienced ; power to recombine ma- terials furnished by experience or direct apprehen- sion; fancy; power to recreate with readiness, under the stimulus of feeling, for an elevated end or pur- pose; invention. — Imag / ina / tive, -tiv, a. Proceed- ing from, and characterized by, the imagination ; given to imagining; full of images, fancies, etc. Imam, T-miim'% I'man, i'miia, Imaum', I-mawm', n. A priest among Mohammedans ; a Mohammedan prince who has supreme spiritual and temporal pow- er. Imbankment. Same as Embankment. Imbecile, im'be-sil or -sel', a. Destitute of strength, either of body or of mind; decrepit; weak; feeble; impotent.— n. One who is, etc.— Im'becil'ity, -Y-ti, n. Quality of being imbecile. Imbed, im-bed', v. t. To sink or lay, as in partially enclosing clay, mortar, etc. Imbezzle. Same as Embezzle. Imbibe, im-blb', v. t. [-bibed (-Mbd'), -bibing.] To drink in, absorb; to receive into the mind and re- tain. — Imbibition, -bish'un, n. Act of imbibing. Imbitter, im-bit'ter, v. t. [-tered (-tSrd), -teking.'J To make bitter, make unhappy or grievous; to make more distressing, render violent, exasperate. Imbody, Imbolden, Imbosom, etc. See Embody", Em- bolden, etc. Imbow, im-bo', v. t. To make like a bow; to arch, vault. Imbricate, im'brt-kat, -cated, a. Bent and hollowed like a roof or gutter-tile; lying over each other in regular order, like shin- gles on a roof. Imbroglio, im-brol'yo, n. An intricate plot; a complicated and embarrassing state of things. Imbrown, im-brown', v. t. [-browned (-brownd'), -browning.] To make brown, darken the color of, tan. _ Imbrue, im-broo', v. t. [-brued (-brood'), -bruing.] To soak; to drench in a fluid, as in blood. Imbrute, im-broot', v. t. To degrade to the state of a brute, make brutal. — v. i. To sink to the state of a brute. Imbue, im-bu', v. t. [-bued (-bud'), -bu- ing.J To tinge deeply, dye; to cause to become impressed or penetrated. Imitate, im'I-tat, v. t. To follow as a pattern, model, or example; to copy; to produce a likeness of, in form, color, qualities, conduct, manners, etc. ; to counterfeit; to produce by imitation. — Im'itable, a. Capable or worthy of being, etc— \ Im'itabil'ity, -tt, n. — Imitation, n. Act of imita- j ting; thing made or produced as a copv; likeness; re- | semblance. See Phrenology.— Im'itative, -tiv, a. ! Inclined to imitate; imitating; exhibiting an imita- tion of a pattern or model; formed after a model, j pattern, or original. — Im'itator, -tgr, n. Immaculate, im-mak'u-lat, a. Spotless; without blem- | ish; unstained; undented; pure; limpid. — Immate'- ! rial, -rt-al, a. Not consisting of matter; incorporeal; ! spiritual; of no essential consequence; unimportant. I — Immature', -tured', -turd', a. Not mature or ripe ; j not arrived at perfection or completion; crude; too j early; premature.— Immature'ly, acZy.— Immature'- i ness, -tu'rity, -rT-ti, n. Condition or quality of be- j ing immature. — Immeas'urable. im-mezh'er-a-bl, a. Incapable ! of being measured ; illimitable. — Immeas'urably, | adv.— Imme'diate, -dT-at, a. Not separated by any- thing intervening ; proximate ; close ; not deferred by an interval of time; present; producing its effect by direct agency; acting directly. — Imme'diately, adv. In an immediate manner; without intervention of anything ; without delay: directly; instantly; quickly ; presently.— Immemo'rlal, -rt-al, a. Beyond memory, record, or tradition ; out of mind. (Eng. Law.) Previous to the reign of Richard I. — Imme- mo'rially, adv.— Immense', -mens', a. Unlimited; unbounded; very great; huge; infinite; immeasur- able; prodigious; monstrous.— Immen'sity, -sI-tY, «. Unlimited extension; infinity; vastness in extent or bulk; greatness. — Immen'surable, a. Not to be measured; immeasurable. — Immis'cible, im-mis'sT-bl, a. Not capable of be- ing mixed — Immis'cibil'ity, n. — Immit'igafcle, a. Not capable of being mitigated or appeased. — Immob'ile, im-mob'il, a. Incapable of being moved; fixed; stable. — Immobil'ity, n. Condition or quality of being, etc. — Immod'erate, -er-at, a. Not moderate; not confined to suitable limits; ex- cessive ; exorbitant; unreasonable; extravagant.— Immod'est, a. Not limited to due bounds; immod- erate; wanting in the reserve or restraint which de- corum and decency require; indecorous; shameless; impudent; indecent; unchaste; lewd; obscene. — Immor'al, -mor'al, a. Not moral; inconsistent with rectitude; contrary to conscience or the divine law; vicious; unjust; impure; unchaste; profligate; aban- doned; lewd; obscene. — Immoral'ity, -mo-ral'T-tT, n. Quality of being immoral; vice; an immoral act or practice. — Immor'tal, -mortal, a. Not mortal; exempt from liability to die; connected with, or ter- minating in, immortality; destined to live in all ages of this world; eternal; never-ending; ceaseless; en- during; imperishable; deathless. — Immortal'ity, n. Quality of being immortal; unending existence; ex- emption from oblivion. — Immortalize, -Iz, v. t. To render immortal; to exempt from oblivion, per- petuate. — Immor'tally, adv.— Im'mortelles', -tel', n.pl. (Bot.) A name of several genera of unfading flowers; everlasting, q. v. Wreaths composed of them, —placed upon coffins, monuments, etc. — Im- mov'able, -moov'a-bl, a. Incapable of being moved; firmly fixed; steadfast; not to be induced to change; incapable of being altered or shaken; unalterable; not easily affected or moved; unimpressible; hard- hearted. (Law.) Permanent in place or tenure ; fixed, — n. That which cannot be moved, pi. (Civil Law.) Lands, and things adherent thereto,— by na- ture, as trees; by the hand of man, as buildings and their accessories ; by their destination, as seeds, plants, manure, etc.; and by the objects to which they are applied, as servitudes. — Immu'mty, im-mu'nl-tl, n. Exemption from any charge, duty, office, tax, or imposition; a particular privilege; freedom. — Immu'sical, -zik-al, a. Not harmonious; unmusical.— Immu'table, a. Not mu- table ; unchangeable ; invariable ; unalterable. — Impal'pable, im-pal'pa-bl, a. Not palpable ; not to be felt; extremely fine, so that no grit can be per- ceived by touch ; not easily apprehended by the mind— Impar'ity, -par'T-ti, n. Inequality; dispro- portion ; difference of degree, rank, number, etc. ; indivisibility into equal parts. — Impartial, -piir'- shal, a. Not partial ; unprejudiced ; disinterested; equitable; just. — Impar'tial'ity, -sht-al'- or -shal'- T-tY, n. Freedom from bias; disinterestedness; equi- tableness. — Impartially, -shal-li, adv. — Impart'- ible, -part'I-bl, a. Not partible ; indivisible. — Im- part'ibil'ity, n. Quality of being impartible; indi- visibility.— Impass'able, -pas'a-bl, a. Incapable of being pissed; impervious; impenetrable; pathless. — Impas'sibil'ity, n. Quality or condition of being im- passible. — Impas'sible, -pas'st-bl, a. Incapable of suffering or passion, pain or sympathy ; unieeling ; without sensation.— Impas'sive, -pas'siv, a. Not sus- ceptible of pain or suffering; insensible; impassible. — Impas'siveness, n. — Impat'ible, a. Intolerable ; impassible. — Impatience, -shens, n. Quality of be- ing impatient ; restlessness ; want of patience ; vio- lence of temper ; passion. — Impatient, o. Not patient ; not bearing with composure ; intolerant ; hasty ; prompted by, or exhibiting, impatience. — Impa'tiently, adv. — Impec'cable, im-pek'ka-bl, a. Not liable to sin ; exempt from the possibility of doing wrong. — Im- pee'eancy, -kan-si, -cabil'ity, -tt, n. Quality of being, etc. — Impecun'ious, -kun'T-us, a. Not hav- ing monev ; poor. — Impecu'nios'ity, n. "Want of money.— Impenetrable, -e-tra-bl, a. Incapable of being penetrated or pierced; inaccessible (to knowl- edge, reason, sympathy, etc.). — Impen'etrableness, -trabil'ity, n. Quality of being impenetrable. (Phys- Btin, cube, full ; moon, fotit ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. IMPENITENT 190 IMMINENT ics.) That Droperty of matter bv which it excludes all other matter from the space it occupies. Obtuse- ness ; stupidity ; want of sympathy or susceptibil- ity ; coldness. — Impen'itent, a. Not penitent ; nut repenting of sin ; not c m trite; obdurate. — n. One who does not repent; a hardened sinner. — Imper- ceiv'able, -per-sev'a-bl, -cep'tible, -sep'tt-bl, a. Not perceptible ; insensible ; impalpable ; not easily apprehended ; very small ; fine ; very slow in prog- ress. — n. That which cannot be perceived on ac- count of its smallnes?.— Impercep'tibieness. -tibil'- ity, 7i. Quality of being, etc. —Imperceptibly, aJv. — Imperfect, a. Not perfect or complete iu all its pa-ts; wanting in some part; unfinished: not equal to the standard; not fulfilling itsdesign; estheticiliy or morally defective; marked by, or subject to, de- fects or evil.— Imperfect tense. {Gram.) A tense ex- pressing uncompleted action or state, esp. in past time.— Imperfection, -fek'shun, n. Quality or con- dition of being imperfect; want of perfection; de- fect; deficiency; fault; failing; frailty; foible; blem- ish; vice.— Imperfectly, a lv — Imperforate, -per'- fo-rat,a. Not perforated or pierced: having no open- ing. — Imper'i3hable, -pir'ish-a-bl, a. Not perish- able; indestructible. — Imper'meable, -per'me-a-bl, a. Not permeable ; not permitting passage, as of a fluid, through its substance ; impervious. — Imper'- sonal, a. Not personal ; not representing a person ; not having individuality.— Impersonal verb. {Gram.) A verb without the inflections appropriate to the 1st and 2d persons ; one without a definite subject, as, it ra ins. — Imuer'sonal'ity, n. Condition or quality of beingimpersonal. — Imper3pic'uou3. -per-spik'u- us, a. Not perspicuous ; obscure ; vague. — Imper'- spicu'ity. n. Want of perspicuity. — Im'persua/- sible, -swa'zi-bl,a. Not to be moved by persuasion; not yielding to arguments.— Impertinence, -nency, -nen-si, n. Condition or quality of being imperti- nent; irrelevance; unbecoming conduct ; rudeness; incivility; that which is impertinent; a thing out of place, or of no value, etc. — Impertinent, a. Not pertinent; having no bearing on the subject ; irrele- vant ; inapplicable ; contrary to rules of propriety ; impudent: rude ; of no account ; trifling; frivolous. — Im'pertur table, -per-ter'ba-bl, a. Incapable of being perturbed or agitated. — Im'pertur'babil'ity, n. — Imper'turba'tion, n. Freedom from agitation of mind; calmness; quietude. — Imper'viable, -vT- a-bl, -vious, -vl-us, a. Not pervious; not admitting of entrance or passage through; impassable; impene- trable. — Impi'ety, im-pi'e-tY, n. Quality of being impi- ous ; irreverence toward the Supreme Being ; an impious act ; want of reverence, filial affection, or obedience to parents; ungodliness; irreligion; sin- fulness ; profaneness. — Im'pious, -pT-us, a. Not pious ; profane ; proceeding from, or manifesting, a want of reverence for the Supreme Being. — Impla'cable, im-pla'k.i-bl, a. Not placable; inca- pable of being pacified; unappeasable; inexorable; relentless. — Implausible , -plaw'zl-bl, a. Not plau- sible ; not wearing the appearance of truth. — Im- plumed', -plumd', -plu'mous, -mus, a. Having no plumes or feathers. — Impol'icy, im-poKT-sY.w. Quality of being impol- itic; inexpedience; bad policy. — Impolite'', -lit', a. Not polite; not of polished manners; impolite; un- civil : rude. — Impolitic. -T-tik, a. Not politic ; wanting in policy or prudent management ; indis- creet ; inexpedient. — Imponderable, -der-a-bl, a. Not ponderable: without sensible weight. — Impon'- derabil'ity, n. Quality of being, etc. — Impo'rous, -po'rus, a. Destitute of pores; compact in texture: solid. — Imporos'ity, -ros'l-tr, n. Want of poi-ositv: compactness that excludes pores. — Importune' , -tun', v. t. [-tuned (-tund'), -tuning.] To request with urgency; to p ess with solicitation, tease. — Im- portu'hity, -nT-tT, n. Quality of being importunate; urgent request; pertinacious solicitation. — Import' - unacy, -pS-t'u-na-sT, n. Quality of being importu- nate. — Import'unate, a. Troublesnmely urgent; pertinacious in solicitation. — Import'unately, adv. — Impos'sible, -pos'sY-bt, a. Not possible; incapa- ble of existence, or of being done, thought, endured, etc.; impracticable. — Impos'sibil'ity, n. Quality of being impossible; an impossible thing. — Im'potent, a. Not potent ; wanting power, strength, or vigor, whether physical, intellectual, or moral. {Law.) Wanting the power of procreation, — n. One who is, etc. — Im'potence, -tency. -ten-sT, n. Condition of being, etc. {Law & Physiol.) Want of procrea- tive power. — Imprac'ticable, im-prak'ti'-ka-bl, a. Not prac- ticable; incapable of being accomplished by means at command ; not easily managed ; untractable ; not to be oveicome or persuaded by any reasonable method ; not capable of being easily dealt with ; in- capable of being passed or traveled ; impossible ; inleasible. — Impracticableness, -ticabil'ity, n. — Impracticably, adv. — Imprecis'ion, -sizh/un, n. Want of precision or exactness. — Impreg'nable, a. Not to be stormed or taken by assault ; not to be shaken; invincible. — Imprescriptible, -skrip'tT-bl, a. Not capable of being lost or impaired by neglect to use, or by the claims of another founded on pre- scription ; not derived from, or dependent on. ex- ternal authority. — Improb'able, a. Not probable ; unlikely to be true. — Improb'ably, adv. In an im- probable manner. — Improb'abil'ity, n. Quality of beiug improbable; unlikelihood. — Improp'er, a. Not proper; not fitted to the ciicumstances, design, or end; unfit; indecent. — Improper fraction. {Arith.) A fraction whose denominator is less than its nu- merator, as, |-. — Improp'erly, adv. In an improper manner; not fitly; unsuitably: incongruously; inac- curately.— Im'propri'ety, -pri'e-tT, n. Unfitness or unsuita'bleness to character, time, place, or circum- stances; that which is improper; an unsuitable act, expression, etc. — Improv'ident, a. Not provident; wanting forecast: inconsiderate; negligent: heed- less.— Improvise', -VIZ', V. t. [-VISED (-Vlzd'), -VIS- ING.] To speak extemporaneously, esp. in verse; to bring about on a sudden, off-hand, or without pre- vious preparation ; to do or make on the spur of the moment. — v. i. To utter compositions without pre- vious preparation ; to do anything off-hand. — Im- prov'visato're, -ve'za-to'ra, n. One who composes and sings or recites poems extemporaneously and immediately. [It.] — Improv'visatri'ce, -ve-za-tre'- cha^ra. A woman who, etc. [It.] — Impra'dence. -proo'dens, n. Quality of being imprudent: want of prudence; an imprudent act. — Impru'dent, a. Not prudent ; wanting prudence or discretion ; injudi- cious: incautious; unadvised; rash. — Impru'deutly, adv. — Im'pudence, n. Quality of bein«r impudent; effrontery ; sauciness. [F.] — Im'pudent, a. Bold, with contempt or disregard of others ; unblushingly forward; wanting modesty; shameless; audacious; brazen: pert ; rude ; saucy ; impertinent ; insolent. — Impu'nity, -nt-tl, n. Exemption from punish- ment or penalty, — or from injury or loss ; security. — Impure', -pur', a. Mixed with extraneous sub- stances; not pure: foul: defiled by sin or guilt; un- holy ; unhallowed : unchaste : lewd : unclean ; ob- scene. {Old Test.) Not puriHed according to the law of Moses; ceremonially unclean.— Impure'ness. Im- pu'rity, -rt-tt, n. Condition or quality of being, or that which is impure. — Imputres'cible, -sT-bl. a. Not putrescible; not subject to putrefaction or cor- ruption. Immanent, im'ma-nent, a. Remaining within ; in- herent: internal or subjective, — opp. to emanent, or transitive. Immanity, im-man'T-tt, n. Monstrosity; atrocity. Immanuel. im-man'u-el, n. God with us, — an appel- lation of the Savior. Immerse, im-mers', ?•. t. [-metcsed (-mersf), -mers- ixg."] To plunge into anything that surrounds or covers, esp. into a fluid; to engige deeply, involve. — Immer'sion, -shun, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.: state of being deeply engaged. {Astron ) Dis- appearance of a celestial body, by passing behind an- other, or into its shadow. Immesh, im-mesh', r. t. [-meshed (-meshf), -mesh- ixg.] To entangle in the meshes of a net, orm a web. Immigrate, im'mT-grat, v. i. To remove into a coun- try for permanent residence. — Im'migrant, n. One who, etc. — Immigra'tion, n. Act of immigrating. Imminent, im'mi-nent, a. Threatening immediately ftm, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 2nd, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r ; IMMOLATE 191 IMPOSE to fall or occur; impending; near; at hand ; threat- ening evil : dangerous. — Ini'minence, -near. n. Quanty or condition of being, etc.; that which is im- minent ; impending evil or danger. Immolate, im'mo-lat, c. t. To sacrifice; to kill, as a sacrificial victim.— Immola'tion, //. Act of, or state ol being, etc. ; that wnicn is immolated ; a sacririce. Immure, un-mur', v. t. [-uuKED(-mu.d'), -mukixg.] To inclose within walls, imprison, iiic-ircerate. Imp, imp, «. A graft; scion; a young or inferior devil; little demon; a miscilievous child. — !?. t. [imped (impt). imping.] To gralt ; to extend, enlarge, or mend, as by inserting a feather into a broken wing ; to increase, strengthen, plume. Impact, im-pakt', v. t. To drive close, press firmly tog tner. — Im'pact, «. Collision; iorce communi- cated. (Mtck.) Tlie single instantaneous blow or stroke ot a body in motion against another either in motion or at rest. Impair, im-par', v. t. [-paiked (-pard'). -pairixg.] To make worse; to diminish in quantity, value, excel- lence, or strength; to injure, weaken, enfeeble. Impale, im-pai', v. t. [-paled (.-paid'), -paling.] To lix on a stake; to put to death by nxmg on a stake; to inclose, as with stakes, posts, or palisades. {Her.) To join, as 2 coats of arms, pale-wise.— Impale' ment, n. Ace of impaling; space inclosed by stakes or pales, (tier.) The division of a shield paie-wise, or by a vertical line. Impanel, im-pan'el, v. t. [-ei.ed (.-eld), -eli.ng.] To write or enter (the names of a jury; in a list; to iorm (a list, etc.). Impart, im-part', v. t. To bestow a s.iare or portion of ; to allow an- other to partake in; to make known, show by words or tokens, commtmic .te, confer, give, reveal, Impalement. (Her.) disclose, divulge. — i\ i. To give a part or share. Impassion, lm-pasb/un, v. i. [-passioned f-nasb/und), -SIOXIXG.] To move or affect stronglv with mssion. — Impas'sioned, -pash'und, p. a. Actuated or agi- tated by passion; animated; excited. — Impas'sion- ate, -at, v. t. To affect powerfully. Impeach. im-nech', r. t. [-peached" (-necht'),-PE\cn- ixo.] To charge with a cimc or misdemeanor; esp., to charge (an office-) before a competent tribunal, with misbehavior in office : to bring discredit on, chance with impropriety, ell in question, accuse, arraign, censure, indict. — Impeach'ment, n. Act of, or state of being:, imoeached, — as, a calling to account, arraignment, esr>., arraignment of a pub- lic officer for maladministration ; or a calling in question as to purity of motives or rectitude of con- due 1 -, etc. Impede, im-ned', v. t. To hinder, obstruct.— Imped'- iment, -p~d'Y-ment, n. That which impedes or hin- ders progress or motion : obstruction ; obstacle; dif- ficulty. — Tmrterfiment in speech. A defect which prevents distinct utterance. — Imped'itive, -i-tiv, a. Ciusing hindrance: impeding. Impel, im-pel', r. t. [-pklled (-neld'), -pelltxg.] To drive or urge forward: to incite to action, instigate, actuate, move. — Im'pulse, -puis, ». Act of im- pelling : impulsion : action of a force so as to pro- duce motion suddenly; effect of an impelling force; sudden and unconsidered thought or mental pur- pose exciting to action ; hasty inclination; impres- sion: instigation: shock.— Impul'sion, -shun, n. Act of impelling ; influence ;icting unexpectedly or temporarily on the mind, from without or within; impulse. — Impul'sive, -siv, a. Having power of driving or impelling, actuated by impulse. (Jfech.) Acting momentarily, or by impulse. Impend, im-pend', v. i. To hang over, be suspended above, be imminent; approach menacingly. — Im- pendence, -eacy, -en-s-f, n. State of impending; near approach; menacing attitude. — Irnpend'ent, a. Impending; imminent; threatening; pressing close- ly. — Ijapend'Lig, p. a. Hanging over ; impend- ent. Imperative, im-pgr'a-tiv, a. Expressive of command; comin nding; authoritative ; not to be avoided or evaded ; obligatory ; binding. Imperial, im-pe'rr-al, a. Pert, to an empire, or to an emperor ; belonging to supreme authority, or one who wields it; royal; sovereign; supreme; of superi- or size or excellence. — n. (Arch.) A kind of dome, found in Moorish buildings. A tuft of hair on a man's lower lip; an outside seat on a diligence; a case lor luggage on top of a coach; a large kind of drawing-paper, 21 by oO inches.— Impe'rialist, ra. A subject or soldier of an emperor; advocate of im- penal government. — Impe'rious, -ri-us, a. Com- manding; authoritative; esp. dictatorial, haughty, ar- rogant ; commanding with rightxul authority ; ur- gent. Imperil, im-per'il, v.t. [-iled (-ild), -ilixg.] To bring into peril, endanger. Impersonate, im-plr'sun-at, v. t. To invest with per- sonality; to ascribe the qualities of a person to; per- sonify; to represent the person of; personate. — Im- per'sona'tion, Imperson'ifica'tion, n. Act of, etc. Impetus, im'pe-tus, » The to;ce with which any body is driven or impelled; momentum. — Impet'u- 0U3, -pet'u-us, a. Rushing with toice and violence; vehement in ieeling ; passionate. — Impet'uously, a:!v. — Impet'uousness, -uos'ity, -u-os'±-u, n. Impinge, im-pinj', r. ;'. L- iJJ *e;ED (-pinjd''), -Pix- ginu.] To fall or dash against; to touch upon, hit. Implant, im-plant', v. i. To set, plant, or inrix, for tne purpose of growth ; to sow. — Implanta'tion, n. Act of implanting, etc., in the mind or Heart. Implead, im-pled', v. i. (Laio.) To institute and p.osecute a suit against in court; to sue at law. Implement, im'ple-ment, n. Whatever may supply a want; esp., an instrument or utensil as supplying a requisite to an end. Implicate, im'pk-kat, i>. t. To infold, entangle: to con- nect m many relations: to bring into connection with ; to show to be connected or concerned. — Implica'- tion, n. Actof, orstate of being, etc.; entanglement; that which is implied, but not expressed; inference. — Implic'it, -plis'it, a. Fairly to be understood, though not expressed in words; implied; trusting to the word of another, without reserve : unquestion- ing.— Imply', -pit', v. t. [-plied (-plld'), -plying.] To contain by implication; to include virtually ; to involve, import, mean, signify. — Impliedly, -ed-ll, a-Ir. By implication. Implore, im-plor', v. t. [-r-toKEP (-nlo-d'), -plorixg.] To call upon, or for.in supplication; to pray earnest- ly: to beseech, crave, entreat, beg. Import, im-norf, v. t. To bring in from abroad; esp. to bring (merchandise) from another country, in the transactions of commerce; to include, as signifi- cation or intention: to imply, signify, denote, mean; to be of imnortanc? or consequence to, interest, con- cern. — Im'port, 7i. That which is imported, or brought in from abroad; purport; meaning; intended significance: importance: consequence. — Impor- tance. 7i. Quality of being imnort'mt: consequence; moment: significance. — Important, n. Having weight or consequence; sigui.lcant ; momentous; grave.— Importation, n. Act or practice of import- ing; goods introduced into a country from abroad. — Imnorfer. n. One who imports go'ods. Impose, im-roz', v. t. [-posed (-pS/d'), -POSING.] To lay on ; to set or place, put, deposit : to lay as a charge, burden, tax, dutv, obligation, command, etc: to levy: to pass off, palm. (Eccl.) To lay (the hands in confirmation or ordination). (Print.) To prepare for printing or casting bv arranging the pares upon the stone, and scenringthem in the chase. — Impos'ing, p- a. Adapted to impress forcibly; impressive ; commanrtinar. — Impos'ing-stone, n. (Print.) A stone on which the p^'ges or columns of type are imposed or made into forms. — Imposi'tion, -zish'un, i). Act of imposing, laving on, affixing, enjoining, inflicting, obtruding, etc.; thing imposed; charge; burden: injunction: levy: tax: a trick or de- ception put on others. (Ercl.) Act of laying on the hands as a religion's c"-emony, in ordination and the like — Imnos'tor, -rfis'ter, n One who imposes upon others, esp. one who fraudulently assumes a character r • titl" not his own : deceiver : cheat ; pre- tender. — Impost' ure. -i os'chur. n. Act or conduct of an impost-.-: deception practiced under a false character; fraud; trie'e ; imposition; delusion. — stm, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbox, chair, get. IMPOSTHUME 192 INABILITY ■ Im'post, -post, n. A tax, tribute, or duty; often duty laid by government on goods im- ported into a country; tribute; toll; ex- cise; custom. (Arch.) That part of a pillar, pier, entablature, wall, or abut- ment upon which an arch or superstruc- ture rests. ImpoBthume, im-post'hum, n. A collec- tion of pus or purulent matter in any part of un animal body; an abscess. Impostor, Imposture, etc. See under Im- pose. Impound, ini-pownd'", v. t. To confine in a pound or close pen, restrain within limits. Impoverish, im-pov'er-ish, v. t. [-ished (-isht), -ishing.] To make poor, reduce ! ""l to poverty ; to exhaust the strength, T richness, or fertility of. a < Impost. Imprecate, im'pre-kat, v. t. To call down by prayer, as something hurtful or calamitous; to invoke, as evil. — Impreca'tion, n. Act of imprecating, or in- voking evil on any one; curse; anathema. — Im'pre- catory, -to-rl, a. Maledictory. Impregnate, im-preg'nat, v. t. To make pregnant, get with young; to render fruitful or fertile, fertil- ize; to infuse particles of another substance into. — a. Rendered prolific or fruitful; impregnated. — Im- pregnation, n. Act of impregnating;' fecundation; state of being impregnated ; intimate mixture of parts or particles; infusion; saturation. — Inipregn', -pren', v. t. To impregnate. Impress, im-pres', v. t. [-pressed (-presf), -press- i ing.] To press, or stamp, in or upon; to make a ' mark or figure upon; to produce by pressure; to in- j culcate, imprint; to take by force tor public service. I — Im'press, n. A mark made by pressure ; in- dentation; imprint; stamp; mold; mark of distinc tion; impression or influence wrought on the mind: I interior; seated in the mind or soul.— n. Thatw act of impressing for the public service. — ImpreB'- etc.; esp., j>1., the inner parts of the bodv; th sion, -presh'un, «. Act of impressing or stamping; ] cera.— In'ward, -wards, adv. Toward the ii impressing or stamping that produced by pressure, — as, a stamp made by pressure, mark; or, sensible result of an influence exerted from without ; or, influence on the pur- poses, feelings, or actions; or, effect or influence on the organs of sense, which is the condition of sen- sation or sensible perception ; hence, an indistinct notion, remembrance, or belief; or, a copy taken by pressure from type, an engraved plate, etc., also, all the copies taken at once ; an edition; that which impresses, or exercises an effect, action, or agency. (Paint.) The ground-color ; a stratum of a single color laid upon a wall or surface. — Impression- able, a. Susceptible of impression; capable of being molded; susceptive. — Impressive, -iv, a. Making, or tending to make, an impression ; adapted to arouse the attention or touch the feelings ; capable of being impressed: susceptible: impressible. Impresario, im-pre-sa're-o, n. The manager of an opera, etc. Imprimis, im-pri'mis, adv. In the first place; first in order. Imprint, im'print, n. Whatever is printed on the title-page of a book: esp. the name of the printer or publisher, with time and place of publication.— Im- print', i'. t. To impress : to mark by pressure ; to stamp; to stamp or mark, as letters on paper, by means of types; to fix indelibly, as on the memory. — Im'prima'tur, n. A license, to print a book, etc". Imprison, im-priz'n, v. t. [-oned (-nd), -oning.1 To put into a prison, confine in a prison or jail: to limit, hinder, or restrain; to incarcerate, immure. — Im- pris'onment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; re- straint of liberty; custody; durance. Impromptu, im-promp'tu, adv. or a. Off-hand; with- out previous study; extempore. — n. An off-hand or extemporaneous composition. Impropriate, im-pro'prl-at. v. t. Orig., to appropriate to private use. (Eng. Eccl. Law.) To place the profits of, for care and disbursement, in the hands of a layman; to appropriate to private use or put in possession of a layman. Improve, im-proov', v. t. [-proved (-proovd'), -PROV- ING.] To make better; to increase the value or good qualities of; to use to good purpose; to advance, mend, correct, rec cify.— v. i. To grow better; to make orshow improvement; to grow worse; to increase, be enhanced, rise. — Improve'ment. n. Act of improv- ing, or state of being improved ; progress toward what is better; act of making profitable use of any- thing, or state of being profitably employed ; prac- tical application, as of the doctrines and" principles of a discourse; that which improves anything, or is added to it by way of improving it. Impugn, im-puii', v.t. [-pugned (-piind'), -pugning.] To attack by words or arguments, contradict, call in question. — Impugn'able, -pun'a- or -piig'na-bl, a. Capable of being, etc. — Impugn'er, n. Impulse, Impulsion, etc. See under Impel. Impunity, Impure, etc. See under Immaculate. Impurple, im-per'pl, v. t. [-pled (-pld), -pling.] To color or tinge with purple, make red or reddish. Impute, im-put', v. t. To charge, ascribe, attribute; to charge to one as the author, responsible origina- tor, or possessor of. (Thcol.) To set to one's account as the ground of approval or condemnation. — Im- puta'tion. n. Act of imputing or charging; thing imputed or charged; charge of evil; censure; re- proach ; intimation. (Tlieol.) Attribution of per- sonal guilt or personal righteousness on account of the offense or the atonement of another. — Imput'- ative, -tiv, a. Coming by imputation; imputed. In, in, vrep. Within : inside of; surrounded by; not outside of. — adv. Not out; within; inside; into. (Law.) With privilege or possession. — n. A person who is in office, — opp. of out; a reentrant angle ; a nook or corner. — Inlier, a.,compar. Further in; interior; internal; notobvious; obscure; pert, to the spirit or its phenomena. — In'nermosfr, In'most, a. superl. Furthest inward; most remote from the out- ward part.— Inly, -If, a. Internal; interior; secret. — adv. Internally ; secretly. — In 'to, -too, prep. To the inside of; within.— In'ward, a. Placed within; hich, the vis- inside, center, or interior; into the mind or thoughts.— In'wardly, adv. In or toward the inner parts or heart; internally; secretly; privately.— In-and-in, a. (Breeding.) From animals of the same parentage. — In'asmuch', adv. Seeing that; considering that ; since, — followed by as. — In'somuch', adv. So; to such a degree; in such wise. — Inning, n. Ingath- ering of grain: in games of ball, the turn for using the bat; pi. lands recovered from the sea. In-, in, inseparable pref., with negative force: it be- comes i- before gn, il- before I, im- before m and p, and ir- before r. Many of the words formed by it are self-explanatory: those which have been insert- ed in this vocabulary are gi-ouped under Ignoble, Illaudable, Immaculate, Inability, and Irra- tional. Inability, in-a-bil'T-tT, n. Quality or state of being unable; lock of ability; incapacity; weakness. — Inaccessible, -ak-scs'I-bl, a. Not accessible ; not to be reached, obtained, or approached. — Inac- cessltly, adv. — Inaccesslfcleness, -ibil'ity, n. — Inac'curate, -rat, a. Not accurate ; displaying a want of careful attention; erroneous.— Inac'curate- ly, adv. — Inac 'curacy, -si, n. State of being in- accurate; want of exactness; mistake; fault; error; blunder. — Inac'tion, n. Want of action; idleness; rest. — Inactive, -iv, a. Not active ; having no power to move; not disposed to action or effort; not busy; idle; dull; indolent; slothful; lazy. (Chem.) Not producing results. — Inadequate, -e-kwat, a. Not adequate: unequal to the purpose ; insufficient to effect the object; incommensurate; disproportion- ate ; incompetent; incapable.— Inad'equateness, -equacy, -e-kwa-sT, n. Quality or state of being inadequate ; inequality ; incompleteness. — Inad- vert'ent, a. Not turning the mind to a matter; careless. — Inadvertently, adv. — Inadvertence, -ency, -eri-sT , n. State of being, etc.; lack of heed- fulness or attentiveness; an oversight, mistake, or fault, proceeding from negligence ; carelessness ; thoughtlessness. — Inalienable, -al'yen-a-bl, a. In- capable of being alienated, or transferred to another. —Inane', -an', a. Destitute of contents ; empty ; purposeless ; void of sense or intelligence. — Ina- am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; Sdd, tone, Or ; INANITY 193 INCONVENIENCE g calculated ; beyond calculation ; very great. nca'pable, a. Not capable ; not having ade- mption, -nish/un, n. Condition of being inane; emptiness; exhaustion from want of food. — Inan'- ity, -an'T-tT, n. Inanition; void space; emptiness; deficiency of contents ; senselessness ; frivolity. — Inanimate, -T-mat, a. Not animate ; destitute of life or spirit; lifeless: inert- inactive; dull; soulless; spiritless. — Inappropriate, -prl-at, a. Not proper or appropriate ; unbecoming ; unsuitable, as in manners, moral conduct, etc. — Inapt'itude, -apf- T-tud, n. Want of aptitude; unfitness; unsuitable- ness. — Inar'able, -ar'a-bl, a. Not arable ; not capable of being plowed —Inartic'ulate, -tik'u-lat, a. Not articulate; not distinct, or with distinction of syllables. (Zobl.) Not jointed or articulated.— Inartificial, -fish/al, a. Not artificial ; not made or performed by the rules of art; characterized by artlessness or simplicity. — Inatten'tion, n. Waiit of attention or consideration: inadvertence; heed- lessness ; neglect. — Inattentive, -tiv, a. Not at- tentive; not fixing the mind on an object; careless; heedless; negligent; remiss.— Inaudible, -awd'i-bl, a. Not audible; incapable of being lieard; making no sound ; noiseless; silent. — Inauspi'cious. -aws- pish'us, a. Not auspicious; ill-omened; unlucky; evil. — Incalculable, in-kal'ku-la-bl, a. Not capable of bein — Inca _ equate power or capacity, mental, physical, or spa- tial ; not in a moral condition in which it would be possible (to do an immoral or dishonorable act); not in a state to suffer or receive; not admitting. (Law.) Unqualified or disqualified, in a legal sense. — Inca'pably, adv. — Inca'pabil'ity, n. Quality of being incapable ; incapacity ; want of power. (Law.) Want of legal qualifications. — Incapacity, -pas'T-tY, n. Want of capacity; defect of intellectual power; inability; incompetency; unfitness; disqual- ification. {Law.) Want of legal ability or competen- cy. — Incapacitate, v. t. To deprive of capacity or natural power ; to disable, deprive of competent power or ability. (Law.) To deprive of legal or con- stitutional requisites; to disqualify. — Incapac'ita'- tion, n. Want of capacity; disqualification. — Incau''- tious, -kaw'shus, a. Not cautious; not circumspect; unwary; indiscreet; imprudent; impolitic: thought- less ; improvident. — Incer'titude, -ser'tT-tud, n. Uncertainty ; doubtfulness ; doubt. — Inces'sant, -ses'sant, a. Continuing or following without inter- ruption; unceasing; uninterrupted: continual; con- stant ; perpetual. — In'cest, -sest, ??. The crime of cohabitation or sexual commerce between persons related within the degrees wherein marriage is pro- hibited.— Incesfuous, -u-us, a. Guilty of incest; in- volving the crime of incest. — Incivility, -si-viKi- tT, 7i. Quality of being uncivil; want of courtesy; unmannerliness; impoliteness; any act of rudeness or ill breeding. — Inciv'ism, -siv'izm, n. Want of civism ; want of patriotism or love to one's country. — Inclem'ent, -klem'ent, a. Not clement; void of ten- derness; unmerciful ; severe; harsh; physically se- vere; stormy; boisterous; rigorously cold, etc. — In- clemency, -en-sT, n. Condition or quality of being, etc.; physical harshness; storminess; severe cold.— Incog'', -kog', adv. In concealment; in disguise; in a manner not to be known. [Contr. fr. incognito.] — Incog/itative, -koj'i-ta-tiv, a. Not cogitative ; wanting power of thought. — Incog/nito, -nl-to, a. or adv. Unknown ; in disguise ; in an assumed character, and under an assumed name. — n. One unknown or in a disguise, or under an assumed character; assumption of a feigned character; state of being in di_sguise or assumed character. — Inco- herent, -ko-her'ent, a. Not coherent; wanting co- hesion ; loose ; unconnected : wanting agreement; incongruous; inconsistent. — Incombus'tible, -tt-bl, a. Not combustible; not capable of being burned, decomposed, or consumed by fire. — Incommen'- surable, -men'shoo-ra-bl, a. Not commensurable ; having no common measure or standard of com- parison. — Incommen'surabil'ity, n. Quality or state of being, etc. — Incommensurate, a. Not commensurate ; not admitting of a common meas- ure; not of equal measure or extent; unequal ; in- adequate ; insufficient. — Incommode'', -mod'', i>. t. To give inconvenience to, give trouble to, disturb, molest, disquiet. — Incommo'dious, -nw'dt-us, a. Not commodious ; tending to incommode; not af- fording ease or advantage ; giving trouble. — In- eommutSble, -mut'a-bl, a. Not commutable; not capable of being exchanged with another. — In- comparable, -pa-ra-bl, a. Not comparable; admit- ting of no comparison with otheis; peerless; match- less ; transcendent. — Incompatible, -pat'I-bl, a. Not compatible ; incapaole of co-existence ; irrec- oncilably opposed ; inconsistent ; incongruous ; dis- similar ; discordant ; repugnant ; contradictory.— Incom'petent, -pe-teut, a. Not competent; wanting in adequate strength, power, capacity, means, quali- fications, etc.; wanting the legal or constitutional qualifications ; not lying within one's competency, capacity, or authorized power; unfit ; inadmissible. — Inconv'petence, -tency, -ten-sT, n. Quality of be- ing, eiC (Law.) Want of competency or legal fitness to be heard or admitted as a witness, or to sit or act as a juror. — Incomplete', -plef, a. Not complete; unfinished; imperfect; defective. (Bot.) Lacking calyx or corolla, or both. — Incom / prehen / Bible, -b.enSl'-bl, o. Not comprehensible; incapable oi be- ing comprehended or understood; inconceivable. — Inconceivable, -sevS-bl, a. Not conceivable ; in- capable of being conceived by the mind ; incom- prehensible. — Inconclusive, -klu'siv, a. Not con- clusive; not settling a point in debate, or a doubtful question. — Incon'gruent, -kon'groo-ent, a. Not congruent ; unsuitable ; inconsistent. — Incongru''- ity, -kon-groo'i-tT, n. Want of congruity; unsuit- ableness of one thing to another; inconsistency.-— Incon'gruous, -kon'groo-us, a. Not congruous to a standard or end; not reciprocally agreeing; incon- sistent ; inappropriate; unfit; improper. — Incon- sequent, -se-kwent, a. Not following from the premises; invalid; illogical; inconsistent. — Incon'- sequen'tial, -kwenShal, a. Not regularly following from the premises : not of consequence ; of little moment. — Inconsequence, -kwens, n. Quality of being inconsequent: inconclusivcness. — Inconsid''- erable, a. Unworthy of consideration; unimportant; trivial. — InconsidSrableness, n.— Inconsiderate, -er-at, a. Not considerate; not attending to the cir- cumstances which regard safety or propriety; pro- ceeding from heedlessness ; rash ; negligent ; im- provident; incautious; injudicious ; rasn ; hasty. — Inconsistent, a. Not consistent ; at variance, esp. as regards character, sentiment, or action ; not ex- hibiting conformity of sentiment, steadiness to principle, etc. ; incompatible ; incongruous ; irrec- oncilable ; repugnant; contradictory. — Inconsist- ence, -ency, -en-sf, n. Quality of "being, etc.; ab- surdity in argument or narration ; unsteadiness ; changeabieness. — InconSonance, -sonancy. -so-nan- sY, n. Want of consonance or harmony of action or thought. (Mus.) Disagreement of sounds: dis- cord. — Inconspicuous, -spik'u-us, a. Not con- spicuous ; hardly discernible. — Inconstant, a. Not constant ; subject to change of opinion, incli- nation, or purpose; changeable: variable; mutable; fickle ; volatile ; unstable. — Inconstancy, -stan- sT, n. Quality of being, etc.; want of uniformity; dissimilitude."— Inconsum'' able, -sumS-bl, a. Not consumable. — Inconsum / 'mate, -surn'mat, a. Not consummate; not finished; not complete. — Incon- testable, a. Not contestable; too clear to be con- troverted; indisputable ; irrefragable : undeniable; unquestionable: indubitable. — IncontigSous, -tig'- u-us, a. Not contiguous: separate. — Incon'tinent, 'tT-nent, a. Not continent; not restraining the pas- sions or appetites, particularly the sexual appetite ; unchaste ; lewd. (Med.) Unable to restrain natural evacuations. — re. One who is unchaste. — Incon- tinently, adr. Without due restraint of the pas- sions or appetites ; unchastely ; immediately ; at once: suddenly.— Incon'tirence, -neDcy, -nen-st, n. Quality of 'being, etc — Incon'troverfible, a. Not controvertible; too clear or certain to admit of dispute ; indisputable.— Incon'troverfibly, adv. — Inconvenient, -ven'yent, a. Not convenient; not becoming or suitable"; unfit; inexpedient; giving trouble or uneasiness ; disadvantageous; inoppor- tune. — Incouven'ieice, -iency, -yen-sT, n. Want sun, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. 13 INCONVENIENCE 194 INDISPOSE of convenience; that which gives trouble or uneasi- ness ; incommodiousness ; disquiet; disturbance; annoyance ; trouble. — Inconvenience, v. t. To bring' to inconvenience ; to occasion inconvenience to; to incommode. — Inconvertible, -vert'I-bl, a. Not convertible; not capable of being changed into something else. — Incorpo'real, -po're-al, a. Not corporeal; not consisting of matter; immaterial; un- substantial; bodiless; spiritual. {Law.) Not having a visible existence; intangible, as, an equity of re- demption is an incorporeal hereditament. — Iiicorpo'- really, adv.— Incor'pore'ity, n. Quality of being incorporeal; immateriality. — Incorporate, -rat, a. Incorporeal ; not corporate. — Incorrect', a. Not correct ; not according to a copy or model, or to established rules; not in accordance with the truth; not accordant with the rule of duty or of morality; inaccurate ; erroneous ; wrong ; faulty. — Incor'- rigible, -rl-jl-bl, a. Not corrigible ; incapable of being corrected or amended ; irreclaimable. — In- cor'rigibleness, -gibil'ity, n. — Incorrigibly, adv. — Incorrupt', a. Not affected with corruption or deciy; not denied or depraved; pure; untainted. — Incorruptible, a. Incapable of corruption, decay, or dissolution; inflexibly just and upright. — Incor- rup'tion, -rup'shun, n. Absence of, or exemption from, corruption. — Incorrupt'ive, -rupt'iv, a. Not liable to corruption. — In'create, -kre-at, In'crea'- ted, a. Uncreated. — Incredible, a. Not credible; impossible to be believed ; not to be credited. — In- cred'iblene3s, -ibil'ity. n.— Incredibly, adv. In a manner to p.eclude belief. — Incred'uious, -u-lus, a. Not credulous; indisposed to believe; skeptical. — Incred'ulousness, Incredu'lity, n. Quality of be- ing incredulous ; indisposition to believe ; skepti- cism; unbelief; disbelief.— lacur'able, -kur'a-bl, a. Not curable; incapable of being cured; not admit- ting remedy or correction; irremediable; irrecover- able; irretrievable. — n. A person diseased beyond the reach of cure ; a sick person who cannot be cured. — Incur'ableness, -ability, n. — Incur 'ably, adv. So as to be incurable.— Incu'rious, -ku'rl-us, a. Not curious or inquisitive; destitute of curiosity; uniuquisitive. — Inde'cent, in-de'sent, a. Not decent; unfit to be seen or heard ; indelicate : immodest ; gross ; unchaste; obscene; filthy. — Inde'cently, adv. [n a manner to offend delicacy. — Inde'cence. -cen- cy, -sen-sY, n. Want of decency ; lack of modes- ty; that which is indecent; an indecent word, act, etc.; indecorum: impurity; obscenity.— Indecision, -sizh'nn. n. Want of decision : wavering of mind; irresolution. — Indeci'sive, -si'siv, a. Not decisive; not bringing to a final close ; prone to indecision; wavering; vacillating; hesitating. — Indeclinable, -klTn'a-bl, a. (Gram.) Not declinable: not va- ried by terminations. — Indeclin'ably, adv. With- out variation of termination. —Indecorous, -de-ko'- rus or -dek'o-'-us, a. Not decorous; violating good manners ; unbecoming ; unseemly ; rude ; coarse ; uncivil. —Indecorously, -de-ko'- or -dek'o-, adr. — Indecorousness. n. Violation of propriety. — Inde- co'rum, n. Want of decorum : impropriety of be- havior; a breach of decorum.— Indefatigable, -fat'- Y-sra-bl, a. Incapable of being fatigued; unwearied: persevering; assiduous. —Indefea'sible,-fe'zY-bl, a. Not to be defeated: incapable of being made void. — Indefea/sibil'ity, n. — Indefectible, a. Not liable to defect, failure, or decay. — Ir>defect / ibil1ty, n. — In- defect'ive. -iv, a. Not defective; perfect; complete. — Iidefen'sible, a. Not defensible; not capable of beimr maintained, vindicated, or justified. — Inde- fen'sive, -siv, a. Having no defense. — Indefin'- able. -In'a-bl, a. Incapable of being defined. — In- definite, -def'T-nit, a. Not definite; not limited, frecise, or cartain; having no determined or certain imits. (Rot.) More than 12, esp. when the number is not consent, — said of the parts of a flower, etc. — Indehis 'cent, -de-his'sent, a. (Bot) Not opening; spontaneously at maturity. — Indeliberate, -de-lib'e -at, a. Dorie without deliberation; sud- den ; unpremeditated. — Indelible, -del'Y-bl, n. Not to be b'otted out: incm-'ble of ' being effaced, lost, or forgotten. — Indel'icite, -del'I-kat, a. Not delicate ; offensive to good manners, or to purity of mind; indecorous; unseemly; coarse; broad; pross ; indecent. — Indelicacy," -T-ka-sT, n. Want of delicacy ; coarseness of manners or language. — Indem'nify, -ni-ii, v. t. [-fied (-lid), -fyikg.] To save harmless, secure against future loss or dam- age ; to make up lor that which is past ; to reim- burse.— Indem'nifica'tion, n. Act of indemnifying; reimbursement of loss, damage, or penalty; that which indemnifies.— Indem'nity, -nY-tl, n. Secu- rity to save harmless; exemption from loss or dam- age ; compensation or remuneration for loss, dam- age, or injury sustained. — Indenion'strable, -mon'- stra-bl, a. incapable of being demonstrated; not susceptible of proof.— Independent, a. Not depend- ent ; not subject to the control of others ; affording a comfortable livelihood ; not subject to influence ; self-directing : expressing or indicating the feeling of independence; free; easy; bold; separate from; exclusive. (Eccl.) Belonging or pert, to the Inde- pendents. — n. (Eccl.) One who believes that an organized Christian church is complete in itself, and independent of all ecclesiastical authority. — Independence, -ens, -ency, -en-si, n. State or qual- ity 01 being, etc.; exemption from reliance on others, or control by them. — Indescrib'able, -sknb'a-bl, a. Incapable of being desciiued. — Indesert', -zert', n. Want of merit or worth.— Indeter'minate, -ml-nat, a. Not determinate; uncertain; not precise. — In- deter'mina'tion, n. Want of determination; an un- settled or wavering state, as of the mind; want of fixed or stated direction. —Indifferent, -ier-ent, a. Not making a difference; having no influence or pre- ponderating weight; of no account; neither particu- larly good, nor very bad ; passable ; not inclined to one* side, party, or thing more than to another ; neu- tral ; impartial ; unbiased ; disinterested ; feeling no interest, anxiety, or care, respecting anything. — Indifference, -ens, n. Quality of being indifferent, or not making or measuring a difference ; passable- ness ; mediocrity ; impartiality ; freedom from bias; state of the mind when it feels no interest in what is presented to it ; carelessness ; unconcern ; apa- thy ; insensibility. — Indiflerency, -en-sT, n. Ab- sence of interest in, or influence from, anything; equilibrium ; indiffercntism. — Irdif'ferentism, -izm, n. State of indifference. — Indigested, -df- jest'ed, a. Not digested ; undigested ; crude ; not regularly disposed and arranged. (Med.) Not brought to suppuration. — Indigestible, a. Not digestible; not easily converted into chvme: not to be received or patiently endured. — Indiges'tion, -jes'chun, n. Want of due digestion ; a failure of the gastric juices to produce necessary changes in food in the alimentary canal ; dyspepsia ; difficult or painful digestion.'— Indig'nant, a. Affected with indig- nation : feeling wrath and scorn or contempt. — In- digna'tion, rr. Strong disapprobation of what is flagitious in character or conduct ; anger mingled with contempt, disgust, or abhorrence ; wrath; re- sentment : rage. — Indig'nity, -nT-tT, n. Unmerited contemptuous treatment ; contumely ; injury ac- companied with insult. — Indirect , -dt-rekt', a. Not direct ; not straight or rectilinear ; circuitous ; roundabout; not tending to an aim, purpose, or re- sult by the most plain and direct method or course; by remote means : not straightforward or upright ; unfair; dishonest. — Indirec'tion, n. Oblique course or means : dishonest practices ; indirectness. — In- discernible, -diz-ze-n'T-bl, a. Incani hie of being discerned; not discoverable. — Indiscerp ' tible, -serp'tY-bl, a. Not discerptible ; incapable of being destroyed by dissolution or separation of parts. — Indiscreet', -kret', o. Not discreet: wanting in dis- cretion: imivnulont; injudicious; rash: hasty; heed- less. — Indiscre'tion, -k-esh'un, v. Want of discre- tion: imnrnder>ce; anindiscreetact: indisc-eet behav- ior. — Indiscrete', -Vet', a. Not di'C-etf or separa- ted.— Indiscriminate, -krim'i-nat, a. Wanting dis- crimination ; not making any distinction. — Indis- pen'sable, a. Not dispensable : impossible to be omitted, or spared : absolutely necessary ; not ad- mitting dispensation : not providing for release or exemption. — Ir- dispose ', -poz', ?•. t. [-posed (-iiOTid'), -posino.] To render unfit or unsuited disqualify; to disqualify for the exercise of proper !ED ed, per am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tSrm ; in, ice ; odd, t5ne, 8r ; INDISPOSEDNESS 195 INFANTINE functions ; to make somewhat ill ; to disincline, render averse or unfavorable ; to make unfavorable or disinclined, — with toward. — Indispos'edness, n. Condition or quality of being, etc.; slight aversion; indisposition.— Indisposition, -zish'un, n. Con- dition of wanting adaptation or affinity ; slight dis- order of the healthy functions of the body; want of fitness in feeling; disinclination; aversion. — Indis'- putable, -pu-ta-bl. a. Not disputable ; too evident to admit of dispute ; incontestable ; unquestion- able; incontrovertible: certain; positive. — Indis'pu- tableness, n. — Indis'putably, adv. — Indissoluble, -so-lu-bl, a. Not capable of being dissolved, melted, or liquefied ; perpetually binding or obligator}'. — Indis ' solubleness, -lubil'ity, n. — Indistinct ', -tinkf, a. Not distinct or distinguishable ; obscure to the mind ; confused ; not presenting clear and well-defined images or perceptions; imperfect; faint: undefined: indefinite; vague; ambiguous; uncertain. — Indistinc'tion, n. Want of distinction or distin- guishableness; confusion; indiscrimination; equal- ity of rank or condition. — Indistinctly, adv. Not clearly; confusedly ; obscurely. — Indistin'gnislia- ble, -tin'gwish-a-bl, a. Not distinguishable ; unable to be distinguished. — Individ'ual. -vid'u-al, a. Not divided, or not to be divided ; single ; one ; of, or pert, to, one only; peculiar to, or characteristic of, a single person or thing ; distinctive. — n. A single person, animal, or thing of any kind ; esp. a hu- man being: a person. — Individ 'ualism, -izm, n. Quality of being individual ; individuality ; excess- ive or exclusive regard to one's personal" interest ; selfishness. (Social Science.) Doctrine that the in- terests of society are best promoted by each indi- vidual's seeking his own personal welfare, — opp. to socialism and communism. — Individ'ual'ity, -u- al'Y-tY, n. Condition or quality of being individual ;_ distinct nature or existence ; character or property" peculiar to an individual ; distinctive character. See Phrenology. — Individ'ual'iza'tion, n. Act of individualizing ; state of being individualized. — Individualize, w. t. [-ized (-izd), -izixg] To select or mark as an individual; to particularize. — In- dividually, adv. In an individual manner or re- lation : separately ; inseparably; incommunicably. — Indlvid'uate, -u-at, v. t. To distinguish from others of the species ; to discriminate: to cause to exist as an individual whole. — Individ'ua' tion, n. Act of making single, or the same, to the exclusion of others : act of endowing with individuality : act of separating into individuals by analysis. — Indi- visible, -viz'Y-bl, a. Not divisible; nbt separable into parts. (Math ) Not capable of exact division; incommensurable. — n. That which is indivisible. (Geom.) One of the elements or principles, sup- posed to be infinitely small, into which a body or figure may be resolved ; an infinitesimal. — Indoc'- ible, -dos'Y-bl, a. Incapable of being taught, or not easily instructed ; intractable. — Indoc'ile. -dosll, a. Not teachable; not easily instructed; dull; in- tractable. — Indocillty, n. Dullness of intellect : intraetableness. — In'dolence, -lency, -do-len-sT, n. Habitual idleness; indisposition to labor: laziness. — In'dolent, a. Indulging in ease ; avoiding labor and exertion ; habitually idle; lazy: listless ; slug- gish. — Indolent tumor. {Med.) A tumor causing little or no pain. — Indomitable, -dom'Y-ta-bl, a. Not to be subdued; untamable; invincible. — In- du'bitable, -bT-ta-bl, a. Not dubitable ; too plain to admit of doubt ; unquestionable ; evident ; in- contestable. — Iuedlted, in-ed'it-ed, a. Not edited; unpublished. — Ineffable, a. Incapable of being exnressed in words : unspeakable ; unutterable. — Inefface'able, -fas'a-bl, n. Incapable of being effaced. — Ineffect'- Ive, -fekt'iv, a. Not effective; incapable of produ- cing any effect, orthe effect intended; useless; vain; fruitless; weak. — Ineffectual, -u-al, a. Not produ- cing the proper effect: inefficient: weak.— Inef'flca'- cioua, -fY-ka'shus, a. Not efficcinus ; not having power to produce the effect desi-ed, or the proper effect. — Inef fica'ciousness, Ir> efficacy, -ka-sY, n. Inefficiency; ineffectualness. — Inefficiency, -fish'- en-sY, n. State or quality of being inefficient; want of power or exertion of power to produce the effect. — Ineffi'cient, -fish'ent, a. Not efficient; not pro- ducing the effect ; inefficacious ; habitually slack or remiss ; effecting nothing. — Inel'egant. a. Not elegant ; wanting m anything which correct taste requires. — Inel'egance, -gancy, -gan-sT, n. Quality of being, etc. —Ineligible, -l-ji-bl, a. Not eligible; not proper to be elected to an office : undesirable. — Ineligibility, n. - Inept', a. Not apt or fit ; unfit; unsuitable; improper; silly; nonsensical.— Ineptitude, -1-tud, n. Quality of being inept ; unfitness; foolishness; nonsense. — Inequal ' ity, -kwol'Y-tY, n. Quality of being unequal: lack of uni- formity; diversity; unevenness; want of levelness; disproportion to any office or purpose ; inadequacy. (Alg.) The expression of 2 unequal quantities, with the sign of inequality between them,— as, 3 > 2. (As- tron.) An irregularity or deviation in the motion of a planet or satellite from its uniform mean motion. — Ineq'uitable, -ek'wY-ta-bl,a. Not equitable: not just. — Inert'', -erf, a. Destitute of the power of moving itself, or of active resistance to motion im- pressed; indisposed to move or act: dull ; powerless for an effect or influence ; inactive ; sluggish. — In- er'tia, -er'shY-a, n. (Physics.) That property of mat- ter by which it tends when at rest to remain so, and when in motion to continue in motion. Indisposition to move; inactivity; sluggishness.— In es'timable, -tY- ma-bl, a. Incapable of being estimated or computed; above all price; incalculable; invaluable. — Inev'- itable, -Y-ta-bl, a. Not evitable ; incapable of being avoided ; unavoidable ; not to be withstood or re- sisted. — Inexact', -egz-akf , a. Not exact: liot pre- cisely correct or true. — Inexcusable, -eks-kuz'a-bl, a. Not admitting excuse or justificatir n. — Inex- haustible, -egz-awsf Y-bl, a. Incapable of being exhausted or emptied ; unfailing. — Inexist'ent, -egz-ist'ent, n. Not having being ; not existing ; existing in something else ; inherent. — Inex'ora- ble, -eks'o-ra-bl, a. Not to be persuaded or moved by entreaty or prayer; unyielding; unchangeable. — Inexorability, n. — Inexpe'dient, -eks-pe'dY- ent, a. Not expedient ; not tending to a gcod end or to promote a purpose or cause ; unfit ; improper. — Inexpe'rience, -eks-pelY-ens. n. Absence or want of experience. — Inexpe'rienced. -rl-enst, a. Not having experience ; unskilled. — Inexpert', -eks- perf, a. Not expert ; without knowledge or dex- terity derived from practice.— Inex'piable, -eks'- pY-a-bl, a. Admitting of no atonement or satisfac- tion ; incapable of being appeased by atonement ; implacable. — Inex'plicable, -eks'plY-ka-bl, a. Not explainable ; incapaole of being explained, inter- preted, or accounted for. — Inexplicit, -eki-plislt, a. Not explicit; not clearly stated. — Inexpressi- ble, -eks-pres'sY-bl, a. Not capable of expression ; not to be uttered ; unspeakable ; ineffable ; untold. — Inexpressive, -iv, a. Not expressing or intend- ing to express; meaningless; inexpressible. — Inex- pug'nable, -eks-pug'na- or -pun'a-bl, a. Incapable of being subdued Dy force; impregnable. — Inex- tirct', -eks-tinkf , a. Not quenched ; not extinct. — Inextin'guishable, -tin'gwish-a-bl, n. Not capable of being extinguished; unquenchable. — Irextir'- pable, -eks-tei'pa-bl, a. Not capable of being extir- pated. — Ines'tricable, -eks'trY-ka-bl, a. Not capa- ble of being extricated. — Infallible, in-fal'lY-bl, a. Not fallible ; entirely exempt from liability to mistake; net liable to fail, or to deceive confidence; certain. — It/famy, -fc-mY, n. Total loss of reputation; publicdisgrr.ee; cxtieme baseness or vileness. (Law.) That less of character which a convict incurs, and by which a person is at common law rendered incompetent as a witness. — In'famous, -mus, a. Of ill report ; having a reputation of the worst kind ; held in abhorrence ; detestable ; scandalous ; disgraceful ; base ; igno- minious. (Law.) Branded with infamy by convic- tion of a crime. — In'fant, n. A young babe; some- times, a child several years of age. (Law.) A per- son not of full ajre; a minor, —a. Pert, to infancy ; intended for youna: children. — In'fancy, -sY, n. State of being an infant ; earlv part of life ; begin- ning or early period. (Lavj. ) State or condition of one under a Lie ; nonage ; minority. — In'fantile, -til or -tYl, In'fantine, -tin or -tYn, a. Pert. to. or char- sun, cube, full ; moon, fott ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. INFANTA 196 INSCIENT acteristic of, infants or young children. — Infanla, -ta, re. In Spain and Portugal, any princess of the I royal blood, except the eldest daughter when heiress i apparent. — Infanle, -ta, n. Any son of the king, except the eldest, or heir apparent. — Infant Icide, -Y-sid, n. (Zaw.) The killing of a newly-born child. [ Child-murder; a slayer of infants.— Infantry, -f ant- j rl, re. {Mil.) Foot-soldiers, disting. fr. cavalry. — Infea'sible, -fe'zY-bl, a. Not capable of being done or accomplished ; impracticable. — Infec'und, a. j Unfruitful ; not producing young ; barren. — In- ! felicitous, -lis'Y-tus, a. Not felicitous ; unhappy; unfortunate. — Infelicity, -Y-tf, n. Unhappiness, misery ; misfortune ; unfortunate state ; unfavor- ! ableness. — Infer'tile, -ferlil, a. Not fertile; un- | productive ; barren. — Infertility, n. — In'fidel, ; -t'Y-del, a. Unbelieving; disbelieving the inspiration ] of the Scriptures, or the divine institution of Chris- | tianity. — n. One without faith, or unfaithful; a [ disbeliever in Christianity ; unbeliever ; esp. a free- j thinker, atheist, or skeptic; formerly, one not of the ; faith, — said by persons of any religion of those not of the same belief, as by Christians of Mohamme- i dans, and vice versa.— Infidelity, re. Want of faith j or belief; skepticism; disbelief of the divine origin of Christianity ; unfaithfulness to the marriage con- | tract; breach of trust; treachery; deceit. — In'finite, -fY-nit, a. Unlimited or boundless, in time or space; without limit in power, capacitv, intensity, or moral ] excellence; perfect ; indefinitely large or extensive; ( immeasurable ; illimitable ; unbounded. {Math.) Greater than any assignable quantity of the same kind. {Mas.) Capable of endless repetition. — n. In- finite space or extent; the Almighty. {Math.) An in- I finite quantity or magnitude. An infinity! an incal- culable or very great number. — Ia'finiteslmal, a. | Infinitely small; less than any assignable quantity.— | re. {Math.) An infinitely small quantity, or one less than any assignable quantity.— Infinitive, -Y-tiv, a. Unlimited; not bounded or restricted. — Infinitive' mode. {Oram.) That mode of the verb which ex- presses the action of the verb without limitation of person or number ; as, to lore: infinitive is often used as a noun to denote this mode.— Infinitude, -T- tud, re. Quality of being infinite ; infiniteness ; in- finite extent; immensity: boundless number; count- less multitude.— Infinity, -Y-tY, re. Unlimited ex- tent of time, space, or.quantity ; boundlessness ; un- limited capacitv, energy, or excellence ; endless or indefinite number; immense multitude. {Math.) The state of a quantity when greater than any as- signable quantity of the same kind. — Infirm'', -ferm', a. Not firm or sound; weak; weak of mind; irresolute ; not solid or stable ; sickly ; feeble ; im- becile. — Infirm'' ary, -a-rT, n. A hospital, or place where the infirm or sick are lodged and nursed. — Infirmity, -Y-tY, re. State of being infirm ; an im- perfection or weakness; esp., a disease, malady; fail- ing ; foible; debility; imbecility; imperfection.— Inflexible, -fleks'Y-bl, a. Not capable of being bent ; firm ; firm in purpose ; not to be changed ; incapable of change; unbending; unyielding; rigid; inexorable ; stubborn ; unrelenting. — Infor^mal, -for'mal, a. Not in the regular, usual, or estab- lished form; irregular; not according to official or prescribed rules or forms; not binding; without cer- emony.— Infrangible, -jt-bl, a. Not capable of be- ing broken or separated into parts ; not to be vio- lated. — Infrequent, -kwent, a. Seldom happen- ing or occurring to notice; unfrequent; rare; uncom- mon. — Infre'quence, -guency, re. — Iigel'able, in-jeKa-bi, a. Incapable of being con- gealed. — Inglolious, -rT-us, a. Not glorious; not bringing honor ; shameful ; disgraceful. — Ingloli- ously, a :lv — In'grate, -grat, a. Ungrateful; unpleas- iug to the sense. — n. An ungrateful person. — In- gratitude, -giafT-tud, re. Want of gratitude ; in- sensibility to favors ; unthankfulness. — Inharmonic, in-har-monlk, -ical, a. Not har- monic ; unharmonious. — Inhannc'nious, -mo'hY- us, a. Discordant. — Inhos'pitable, -pY-ta-bl, a. Not hospitable ; not disnosed to entertain strangers. — Inho3 v pitableness, -pitallty, n. — Innu'mah, a. Destitute of the kindness belonging to a human be- ing ; characterized by, or attended with, cruelty ; pitiless; merciless ; savage ; barbarous.— Inhuman''- ity, n. State of being inhuman. — Inimical, in-im'i-kal, a. Having the disposition or temper of an enemy ; unfriendly ; opposed in tendency, influence, or effects; repugnant. — Inim r - itable, -f-ta-bl. ". Not capable of being imitated or copied.— Iniq'uity, -ik'wY-tY, re. Absence of, or de- viation from, equator just dealing; wantof rectitude; an act of injustice or unrighteousness ; Mickedness ; sin; crime; a character in the old Eng. moralities, or moral dramas, having the name sometimes of one vice and sometimes of another. — Iniq'uitous, -wY- tus, a. Characterized by iniquity ; wicked ; nefari- ous ; criminal. — Injudicious, in-ju-dish'us, a. Not judicious; void of judgment; indiscreet; unwise; rash; hasty ; im- prudent. — Inlure, -jur, v. t. [-jured (-jurd), -juk- isg.] To do harm to, hurt, damage; to wound, as the person: to impair soundness, as of health; to damage or lessen the value of, as goods or estates ; to slan- der, or impair, as reputation or character ; to dimin- ish, as happiness; to give pain to, as the sensibilities or the feelings ; to impair, as the intellect or mind. — Injulious, -julY-us, a. Not just; wrongful; hurt- ful or prejudicial to the rights of another ; tending to injure; pernicious; baneful; contumelious; hurt- ing reputation. — In'jury, -ju-rY, n. That which in- jures, brings harm, or occasions loss or diminution of good; mischief; detriment; damage.— Injuslice, -tis, n. Want of justice and equity ; violation of the rights of an individual ; wrong. — Inliocent, in'no-sent, o. Not harmful; free from guilt; not tainted with sin; lawful; permitted; not contraband; harmless; inoffensive; pure; blameless; faultless; upright.— re. One free from guilt or harm; an ignorant person; hence, an idiot; dolt; simpleton. — In'nocence, -sens, re. State of being innocent; in- nocuousness; state of being not chargeable with guilt or sin; purity of heart; ignorance; imbecility.— In'- nocency, -sen-sY, n. Same as Innocence, but anti- quated.— In'nocently, adv.— Innoc / uous,-nok / 'u-us, «. Harmless; safe; producing noill effect: innocent. — Innoxious, -nok'shus, a. "Free from mischievous qualities; harmless in effects ; innocent : guiltless.— Innumerable, -mer-a-bl, a. Not capable of being numbered, for multitude ; very numerous ; count- less ; numberless ; unnumbered. — Innutrilion, -trisb/un, re. Want of nutrition. — Innutri'tious, -trfsb/us, a. Not nutritious, or nourishing; innutri- tive. — Innulritive, -trT-tiv, a. Not nourishing. — Inobserv / 'ant,in-ob-zerv r ant,a. Not taking notice; heedless. — Inobservance, -ans, re. Want of observ- ance; negligence —Ino'dorous, -o'dgr-us, n. Want- ing scent ; having no smell. — Inoffen'sive, -siv, a. Giving no offense, provocation, or disturbance; harm- less; doing no injury or mischief.— Inoffi'cial. -fish'- al, a. Not official; not done in the usual forms or by the proper officer. — Inofficious, -fish"'us, a. Not civil or attentive. {Law.) Regardless of natural obligation ; contrary to natural duty. — Inopera- tive, -er-a-tiv, a. Not operative ; producing no ef- fect.— Inop / portune / ', -por-tun' r , a. Not opportune; unseasonable in time. — Inor'dinate, -or'di-nat, a. Not limited to rules prescribed, or to usual bounds; irregular; disorderly; excessive; immoderate.— Inor- ganic, -ical, a. Not organic; without organs; not being, or derived from, an organized structure ; un- organized; pert, or relating to unorganized sub- stances.— Inor'ganized, -Izd, a. Not having organic structure. — Inquietude, in-kwi'e-tud, re. Disturbed state ; uneasiness of mind or bod3\ — Insalu'brious, in-sa-lu'brY-us, a. Not salubrious ; not healthful; unwholesome.— Insalu'brity.-brY-tY, re. Unhealthfulness; unwholesomeness. — Insane', -san', a. Not sane ; unsound in mind ; crazy ; dis- tracted; delirious; frantic; raving; mad; used by, or appropriated to, insane persons. — Insanity, -san'Y- -tY, re. Derangement of mind ; disorder of the men- tal faculties arising from diseaseof thebrain; aliena- tion; aberration ; mania. — Insaliable, -shT-a-bl, a. Incapable of being satisfied or appeased. — Insa'- tiate, -shT-at, a. Insatiable. — Insati'ety, -ti'e-tY, re. Insatiableness. — Insafurable, -u-ra-bl, a. Not capa- ble of being saturated. — Inscient, in'shY-er.t or in- am, fame, far, pass o;- opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Yn, Ice ; Odd, tone, or ; INSCRUTABLE 197 INVULNERABLE sfent, a. Having little or no knowledge ; ignorant. — • Inscru'table, -skroo'ta-bl, a. Incapable of being searched into and understood by inquiry or study, or of being discovered or explained by human rea- son. — Insec'able, -sek'a-bl, a. Incapable of being divided by a cutting instrument. — Insecure', -se- kur r , a. Not secure ; not safe; exposed to or appre- hensive of danger or loss. — Insecurity, -ku'rY-tY, n. Condition of being insecure ; danger ; hazard ; want of confidence in one's safety ; uncertainty. — Insen'sate, a. Destitute of sense; stupid; foolish.— Insen'sible, -sT-bl, a. Destitute of the power of per- ceiving; void of feeling; wanting tenderness ; inca- pable of being perceived by the senses ; progressing by imperceptible degrees ; imperceptible ; dull ; stu- pid; torpid; unfeeling; indifferent; hard; callous.— Insen'sibillty, n.— Insen'tient, -shent, a. Not hav- ing perception, or power of perception. —Insepa- rable, -a-ra-bl, a. Not separable ; incapable of being separated or disjoined. — Insignificant, -T-kant, a. Not significant ; destitute of meaning ; having no weight or effect; without weight of character ; un- important; immaterial; trivial; mean; contemptible. — Insignificance, -icancy, -T-kan-sY, n. Want of significance or meaning; want of force or effect; un- importance ; want of claim to consideration or no- tice. — Insincere', -sin-ser', a. Not sincere ; not be- ing in truth what one appears to be ; deceitful; hyp- ocritical ; false, — said of things; not to be trusted or relied upon; dissembling; disingenuous. —Insin- cerity, -ser'T-tf , n. Want of sincerity ; dissimula- tion ; hypocrisy ; deceitf ulness. — Insipid, a. Des- titute of taste ; wanting spirit, life, or animation ; vapid; dull; spiritless ; lifeless; flat.— Insipidity, -pid'I-tT, Insipidness, n. Quality of being insipid; want of taste ; tastelessness ; want of interest, life, or spirit. — Insobrf ety, -brfe-tY, n. Want of sobri- ety ; intemperance. — Inso'ciable, -sha-bl, a. Not sociable; not given to conversation; taciturn. — In'- solent, -so-lent, a. Proud and haughty, with con- tempt of others ; proceeding from insolence ; over- bearing; insulting; abusive ; saucy ; impudent; au- dacious ; pert; opprobrious. — In'solence, -so-lens, n. Pride or haughtiness manifested in contemptu- j ous and overbearing treatment of others ; impu- dence. — Insol'uble, -sol'u-bl, a. Not soluble; in- capable of being dissolved, particularly by a liquid; not to be solved or explained. — InsoiVable, «. Not solvable ; not capable of solution or explica- tion ; incapable of being paid or discharged. — In- solvent, a. (Law.) Not solvent ; not having suf- ficient estate to pay one's debts; not sufficient to pay all the debts of the owner; respecting persons unable to pay their debts. — n. One not solvent. — Insolvency, -en-st, n. Condition of one unable to pay his debts as they fall due, or in the usual course of trade and business; insufficiency to discharge all debts of the owner. — Insom'nia, -nY-a, n. Want of sleep ; inability to sleep ; wakefulness. — Insom 1 '- nious, -nT-us, a._ Restless in sleep; sleepless. — In- souciance, ax-soo'se-oxs', n. Carelessness ; uncon- cern. — Insta'ble, a. Not stable; prone to change or recede from a purpose ; mutable ; inconstant. — In- subor'dinate, -Sr'dY-nat, a. Not submissive ; mu- tinous. — Insubor'dina'tion, n. Want of subordi- nation; disobedience to lawful authority. — Insuf- ferable, -fer-a-bl, a. Incapable of being suffered ; insupportable; unendurable: intolerable; disgusting beyond endurance. — Insufifcient, -fislf ent, a. Not sufficient; inadequate to any need, use, or purpose ; wanting in strength, power, ability, or skill ; incom- mensurate ; unequal ; unfit.— Insu'perable, -per-a- bl, a. Not superahle ; incapable of being passed over, overcome, or surmounted; insurmountable; uncon- querable ; invincible. — Insupportable, a. Incapa- ble of being supported or borne ; insufferable ; in- tolerable. — Insurmounfable, -sSr-mownfa-bl, a. Incapable of being surmounted, or overcome ; insu- perable. — Insuscep'tible, -sus-sep'tY-bl, a. Not susceptible; not capable of being moved, affected, or impressed. — Intact', in-takf, a. Untouched, esp. by an}'- thing that harms, defiles, etc ; uninjured. — In- tan^glble, -jY-bl, a. Not tangible ; that cannot be touched ; immaterial ; not perceptible to the touch. — In'teger, -te-jer,w. A whole number, in contra- distinction from a fraction or a mixed number.— In'- tegral, -te-gral, a. Complete; whole; entire; not frac- tional. (Math.) Pert, to, or being a whole num- ber ; pert, to, or proceeding by, integration. — n. A whole ; an entire thing ; a whole number. (Math.) An expression which, being differentiated, will pro- duce a given differential. — In'tegrant, a. Making part of a whole; necessary to constitute an entire thing. — In'tegrate, -grat, v. t. To make entire ; to restore ; to give the sum or total. (Math.) To find the integral of . — Integration, n. Act of making entire. (Math.) Operation of finding the primitive function which has a given function for its differen- tial coefficient. — Integ'rity, -teg'rY-tY, n. State of being entire or complete ; wholeness ; moral sound- ness; honesty; uprightness; unimpaired, or genuine state; purity; probity; virtue; rectitude. —Intern '- perance, -per-ans, n. Want of moderation or due restraint; excess in any indulgence; habitual indul- gence in spirituous liquors; act of becoming, or state of being, intemperate. — Intem'perate, a. Indul- ging to excess any appetite or passion, either habitu- ally or in a particular instance ; excessive; ungov- ernable ; inordinate ; addicted to excessive or ha- bitual use of spirituous liquors. — Inter'minable, -ter'mY-na-bl, a. Without termination; admitting no limit; boundless; immeasurable; infinite; unlim- ited; wearisomely protracted. — Intestable, a. Not legally qualified or competent to make a testament. — Intes'tacy, -ta-sY,n. State of one dying without having made a valid will. — Intes'tate, a. Dying without having made a valid will ; not devised or bequeathed; not disposed of by will. — n. A person who dies without making a valid will. — Intolera- ble, -er-a-bl, a. Not tolerable ; not capable of being endured ; insufferable. — Intolerance, -er-ans, n. State of being intolerant ; refusal to allow to others the enjoyment of their opinions ; illiberality ; big- otry. — Intolerant, a. Not enduring difference of opinion or sentiment, esp. in relation to religion; not able or willing to endure. — Intract ' able, -trakt'a-bl, a. Not tractable ; not easily governed, managed, or directed; indisposed to be taught, disci- plined, or tamed; stubborn; perverse; refractory; unruly; headstrong; unteachable. — Intract'able- ness, -ability, n.— Intran'sitive, -sY-tiv, a. (Gram.) Expressing an action or state limited to the agent, — i. e., an action that does not pass over to, or operate upon, an object. — Intrepid, a. Fearless ; bold ; brave ; undaunted. — Intrepidity, -tre-pid'Y-tY, n. State or quality of being intrepid ; fearless bravery ; courage : heroism ; valor. — Inutility, in-u-til'Y-tY, n. Uselessness; unprofita- bleness. — Invalid, in-valid, a. Not valid ; of no force, weight, or cogency; weak. (Law.) Having no force, effect, or efficacy ; void ; null. — In'valid, a. In ill health ; feeble ; infirm. — n. A person who is weak and infirm, sickly or indisposed. — v. t. To enroll on the list of invalids in the military or naval serv- ice. — Invalidate. -I-dat, v. t. To render invalid ; to destroy the strength or validity of, render of no force or effect. — InvaPida'tion, n. Act or process of rendering invalid. —In validity, n. Want of co- gency; want of legal force or efficacy.— Inva'riable, -rY-a-bl, a. Not given to variation or change : im- mutable ; unalterable ; always uniform. — Inver'- tebral, -ver'te-bral, a. (Zooj.) Destitute of a ver- tebral column, a_s some animals ; invertebrate. — In- ver'tebrate, -brat, n. An animal which, etc. — In- ver'tebrate, -brat'ed, a. Destitute of a backbone ; invertebral. — Invin'cible, -sY-bl, a. Incapable of being conquered or overcome ; unconquerable : in- superable. — Invfolable, -o-la-bl, a. Not viola ble ; not capable of being broken or violated ; not to be profaned: sacred ; not susceptible of hurt or wound. — Invf olate, -lat, -lated, a. Unhurt ; unprofaned; unpolluted ; unbroken. — Invisible, -viz'Y-bl, a. Incapable of being seen; imperceptible by the sight. — Invisibility, n. State of being, or that which is, invisible. — Invol'untary, -un-ta-rY, a. Not having will or power of choice ; independent of will or choice; not proceeding from choice; not done will- ingly. — Invufnerable, -ngr-a-bl, a. Incapable of sun, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxboN, chair, get. INAMORATA 198 INCOME Inarch being wounded or receiving injury ; unassailable ; a bleto resist argument. Inamorata, in-am'o-ra'ta, n. f., -rato, -ra'to, n. m. One enamored, or in love: a lover. In-and-in. Inasmuch. .See under In, prep. Inarch, in-arch', v. t. [-akched (-archf), -arching.] To graft by uniting, as a scion, to a stock, without separating it from its parent tree. Inaugurate, in-aw'gu-rat, v. t. To induct into office formally ; to cause to begin; to set in motion, or rction; to make a public exhi- bition of for the first time.— In- au'gural, -gu-ral, a. Pert, to, or performed or pronounced at, an inauguration. — v. An inaugural address. — Inauguration, >?. Act of inaugurating ; formal begin- ning of any movement, course of action, etc. — Inau'guratory, -ra- to-rt, a. Suited or pert, to inau guration. Inteing, in-be'ing, n. Inherence; inherent existence. Inborn, in'born, a. Born in or with; implanted by nature. Inbreed, in-bred', v. t. [-bked, -breeding.] To pro- duce or generate within; to breed in-and-in : see under Ix. — In'bred, a. Bred within ; natural. Inca, in'ka, «. ; pi. Incas, -kaz. A king or prince of Peru, before its conquest by the Spaniards. Incage, in-kaj', v. t. [-caged (-kajd'), -caging.] To confine in a cage; to inclose. Incalescent, in-ka-les'sent, a. Growing warm ; in- creasing in heat. — Incales'cence, -sens, -cency, -sen- -sT, n. A growing warm ; incipient or increasing heat; calefaction. Incandescent, in-kan-des'sent, a. White or glowing with heat. — Incandes'cence, -sens, n. A white heat, or the glowing whiteness of a body caused by intense heat. Incantation, in-kan-ta'shun. n. Act of enchanting; enchantment; act of using magical formulas. Incarcerate, in-kar'ser-at, v. t. To imprison, confine, shut up, or inclose. — a. Imprisoned; confined.— Incar'cera'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. Incarnate, in-kar'iiat, v. t. To clothe with flesh, em- body in flesh. — a. Invested with flesh: embodied in a fleshy nature and form. — Incarna'tion, n. Act of assuming flesh, or of taking a human body and the nature of man ; state of being united with a hu- man form and nature; an incarnate form; a striking exemplification in person or act ; manifestation. — Incar'native. -tiv, a. Causing new flesh to grow. — Incar'nadine, -din, a. Flesh-colored; of a carna- tion color. — v. t. To dye red. Incase, in-kas', v. t. [-cased (-kasf), -casixg.] To inclose in a case, surround with something solid. — Incase'ment, n. Act or process of, etc.; any inclos- ing substance. Incendiary, in-sen'dT-a-rT, n. One who maliciously sets fire to a building ; one who excites or inflames factions; an agitator. — a. Pert, to the malicious burning of a dwelling ; inflammatory ; seditious. — Incense', -sens', r. t. To enkindle or inflame to violent anger; to enrage ; exasperate : irritate; heat; fire. — In'cense, n. Odors of spices and gums burned in religious .rites ; a mixture of fragrant gums, spices, etc., for producing a perfume. — v. t. To perfume with incense. — Incen'sive, -siv, a. Tending to excite or provoke : inflammatory. Incentive, in-sen'tiv, a. Inciting : encouraging or moving. — n. That which incites to determination or action ; motive ; stimulus : encouragement. Inception, in-sep'shun, n. Beginning ; commence- ment. — Incep'tive, -tiv, a. Beginning ; expressing or indicating beginning. — Incip'ient, -sip'T-ent, a. Same as Inceptive. — Incip'iently, adv. — Incip'- ience, -ency, -T-en-sT, a. Inception. Inch, inch, n. The 12th part of a lineal_ foot; a small distance or degree. — Inch'-meal, -mel, n. A piece an inch long. — adv. By small degrees; little by little. Inchoate, in'ko-at, a. Recently, or just, b°gun; incip- ient; also, incomplete. — Inchoa'tion, n. Act of be- ginning; commencement; inception. — Incho'ativo, -tiv, a. Expressing or indicating beginning. Incident, in'6T-dent, a. Falling upon, as a ray of light upon a reflecting surface ; happening accidentally ; casual; fortuitous; liable to happen; naturallv hap- pening or appertaining. {Law.) Dependent 'upon, or appertaining to, another thing, called the ; rin- cipal.—n. That which usually falls out or takes place; an event; circumstance; that which happens aside from the main design: an episode or subordi- nate action. (.Law.) Something depending on or passing with the principal. — Incident's!, a. Hap- pening, as an occasional event;' not necessary to the chief purpose : occasional ; accidental ; casual : fortuitous ; contingent.— n. An incident.— Inci- dent'ally, adv. Without intention : accidentally- ; beside the main design. — In'- cidence, -dens, n. An acci- N dent or casualty. (I'/n/sics.) \ Direction in which a body, or a ray of light or heat, i all's on any surface. — Angle of inci- dence. The angle which a ray of light, or body, falling oil jr any surface, makes with a per- , _ , T pendicular to that surface. A P, H - all S'^ 9* Vi" Incinerate, in-sin'Sr-at, v. t. To cidence ; C B H, burn to ashes. angle of reflection. Incipierce, Incipient, etc. See under Inception. Incise, in-tiz', v. t. [-cised (-sizd"), -cisixg.] To cut in or into with a sharp instrument, carve, en- grave. — Inci sed leaf. (Bot.) One sharply and deeply cut or notched.— Ircis'ion, -sizh'un, n. Act of cutting into a substance ; separation of the substance of any body m:.de by a cutting in- strument; a cut; gash. — In- clusive, -si'siv, a. Having the quality of cutting, or penetra- ting ; sharp; ;;cute ; sarcastic; biting. — Inci'sor, -zSr, w. A cutter ; a fore tooth, which cuts, bites, or separates : see Tooth. Incite, in-sit', v. t. To move to action, stir up, spur on, stimulate, instigate, rouse, prompt, animate.— Incite 'ment, n. Act of inciting; that which incites ; motive ; incentive ; stimulus, encouragement. Inclasp, in-klasp', v. t. [-clasped (-klaspf), -clasp- ing.] To clasp within or into ; to hold fast to, em- brace, enci:cle. Incline, in-klin', v. i. [-clixed (-kllnd'), -clixixg.] To deviate from a line, direction, or course toward an object; to lean; to favor an opinion, a course of conduct, or a person ; to be disposed. — v. t. To cause to deviate from a line, position, or direction ; to give a tendency or propension to, as to the will or affections ; to dispose; to bend ; to cause to stoop or bow. — n. An ascent or de- scent, as in a road or railway ; a grade. — Inclined plane. (Mech.) A plane that makes an oblique angle with the plane of the horizon; a sloping plane: it is one of the mechanical pow- A D. Inclined Plane. ers. — Inclination, n. Act of inclining; leaning; de- viation from a normal direction or position ; pro- pension ; a disposition more favorable to one thing than to another ; bent ; tendency ; bias ; preposses- sion ; predilection ; love ■ regard ; desire. (Geom.) The angle made by 2 lines or planes, which meet, or would meet, if produced. Inclose, in-kloz', v. t. [-closed (-klozd'), -closixg.] To surround, shut in, confine on all sides, encom- pass ; to put within a case, envelope, etc. — Inclos'- ure, -klo'zher, n. Act of, state of being, or thing which is inclosed ; space contained; that which in- closes ; a barrier, fence. Include, in-klud', v. t. To confine within, contain, shut up; to comprehend, as a genus the species, the whole a part, an argument or reason the inference; to embrace. — Inclu'sive, -siv, a. Inclosing : encir- cling ; comprehending the stated limit or extremes. Income, in'kum, n. That gam which proceeds from Incised Leaf. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r INCORPORATE 199 INDIGENT labor, business, or property of any kind: revenue; re- ceipts ; esp. the annual receipts of a private person, or a corporation, from rents, business profits, etc.— In'coming. -kum-ing, a. Coming in; accruing; com- ing in as uccup mt or possessor. Incorporate, in-k6r'po-rat, a. United in one body: in- corporated; associated. — v. t. To combine (different ingredients) into one bodyormassj togive a. material form to, embody; to unite with a substance or mass alreadv formed or in being; to combine into a struc- ture or organization; to form into a legal body, or bodv politic; to constitute into a corporation: — v. i. To unite so as to make a part of another body; to be mixed or blended. — Incorporation, n. Act of in- corporating, or state of being nicjrporated ; union of different ingredients in one mass ; combination into a structure or organization. {Law.) The for- mation of a legal or political body by the union of individuals; bodv incorporated; a "corporation. Increase, in-kres', v. i. [-creased (-krest'), -CEEas- ixg.] To become greater in bulk, quantity, num- ber, value, intensity, authority, etc. ; to grow, aug- ment, advance ; to" multiply by the production of young.— v. t. To augment or make greater in bulk, quantity, or amountT to add to; to improve in qual- ity; to aggravate. — Increase, in-kres' or in'kres, n. A growing larger; that which results from growth ; produce; profit ; interest; progeny; issue: offspring; augmentation : extension; growth ; addition; acces- sion.— Increment, in'kre-ment, n. Art or process of increasing ; augmentation ; matter added : produce. (Math.) "The increase of a variable quantity or fraction from its present value to its next ascend- ing value, (lihet.) An amplification without strict dim ix. _ - Incremate, in^kre-mat, v. t. To consume (a dead body) by burning; to cremate. Incrust, m-krusf, v. t. To cover with a crust or hard coat; to form a crust on the surface of. — In- crustation, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; a crust or co it ot anything on the surface of a body. Incubate, in'ku-bat, v. i. To sit, as on eggs for hatch- ing.— Iacuba'tion, n. Act of, etc. (Path.) Germi- | nation of a contagious poison. — I. or a disease. Pe- riod between the recaption of a morbific poison and the manifestation of the disease. — In'cubus, ». : E. pi. -buses, -bus-ez, L. pi. -bi, -bi. (Me I.) The night- j mare. Anything that weighs heavily upon one, or prevents the free use of the faculties. Inculcate, in-kuKkat, t\ r. To impress by frequent admonitions, teach by frequent repetitions; to urge on the mind. — Inculca'tion, a. Act of, etc. Inculpate, in-kul'pat, v. t. To expose to blame: to censure: to accuse of crime, impute guilt to; tocrim- in ate.— Incul'patory, -pa-to-ri, a. Imputing- blame. (Liw) Tending to establish guilt; criminatory. Incumbent, in-kum'berit, a. Lying or resting upon ; 1 supported; buoyed up; lying or resting, as duty or obligation ; indispensable" — n. One in'present pos- session of a benefice, or office. — Iacum'bency, -ben- slf, n. State of being, or that which is, incumbent; a weight ; rule ; duty ; obligation. (Eccl.) State of holding a benefice, or office. Incur, in-ker', v. t. [-cluked {-kerd'), -oukRWG (-kei-'ing).] To meet or fall in with, as something from which inconvenience or harm is to be appre- hended; to expose one's self to; to become liable or subject to ; to contract. — Incur'sion, -shun, n. An entering into a territory with hostile intention; in- vasion ; inroad; raid; foray. — Incur'sive, -siv, a. Making an attack or incursion; hostile. Incurvate, in-kerv'at, v. t. To bend, crook. — a. Curved inward or upward. — Incurva'tinn, ». Act of bending, or of being curved; state of being bent; act of bowing.— Incurve', v. t. [-curved (-ken-d'). -curving.] To bend, mike crooked. — Iacurv'ity, -T-tr, n. State of being, etc.; curvature. Indsbt, in-def. r. t. To bring into debt, place under obli.ution.— Indebfed, a. Being in debt; under ob- ligation j obliged bv something received, for which restitution or gratitude is due."— Indebfed less, ». Indeed, in-defK. a lv. In reality; in truth; i 1 i«JCt, — usel interjectionally, as an expression ol s i-p-ise. Indent, in-denf, v. t.~ T 1 cut into points or ineqml- ities, like a row of teeth; to notch, jag: to hind out by indenture or contract. (Print.) To begin a line or lines at a greater or less distance from the margin. — v. i. To be cut or notched; to crook or turn; to wind in and out. — n. A cut or notch in the margin of any- thing. — Indentation, ». A notch ; a cut in the margin of paper or otlie.- things ; a recess or depres- sion in any border. (Print.) Act oi, etc. ; blank space at the beginning of a line. — Indent'ed, p. a. jagged; notched; bound out by indented wntings.— ladent'ure, -den'chu;-, n. Act of indenting, or state of bf ing indented. (Law.) A mutual agreement in writing between parties, whereof each party had formerly a part. — v. t. [indentured (,-chu.d), -tckinu.] To bind by indentures. Inde^, in'deks, n. ; E. pi. -dexes, -deks-ez ,• L. pi. -dices, -dl-sez. That which points out, indicates, or maniiests : esp., a pointer or hand that directs to anything, as the hour of the day, road to a place, etc.; table for facilitating reference to topics, names, etc., in a book. (Anat.) The lore finger, or point- ing finger. (Arith. & Alg.) The figuve or letter which shows the power or root of a "quantity; the exponent. [In this sense, the plural is always in- dices.]— v. t. [indexed (-dekst), -dexing.] To pro- vide with or form an index or table of reierences. Indian, ind'yan or in'dl-an, a. Of, or pert, to, either of the Indies, East or West, or the aborigines of America: made of maize or Indian corn. — n. A native or inhabitant of the Indies : one of the aboriginal inhabitants of America, —so called from their fancied resemblance to the peo- ple of India. — Indian com. Maize, a plant of the genus Zea, native of Amer. — /. file. Single file; arrangement of persons in a row following one after another, I 'j the usual way among Indians of >/ traversing woods, etc. — /. sum- mer. A period of warm and pleas- 1 ant weather occurring late in au- tumn. — India paper. A delicate absorbent paper, manufactured in China or India, from the inner bark of the bamboo or cotton tree. — /. ink. A substance brought chiefly from China, used for water colors, consisting of lamp-black and animal glue ; sepia.— /, ru'.ber. See Caoutchouc — Indiaman. ind'ya- oj-in^dT-a-man, /(. (JTaut.) A large ship em- ployed in the India trade. Indican. See under Indigo. Indicate, in'dT-kat, v. t. To point out, make known, show. (Med.) To manifest by symptoms: to point to as the proper remedies. — * Indica'tion, n. Act of. or that which, etc.: mark: token: sign: symptom. — Indic'ative. -a-tiv, a. Pointing out; bringing to notice ; giving intimation or knowledge of some- thing not visible or obvious. — Indicative mole. (Gram.) That mode of the verb which indicates, that is, which affirms or denies: it is also used in asking questions. Indicative is also sometimes used substantively to denote this mode. — Itidic'atively, adr. — In'dica'tor, -ter, n. One who, or that which, etc.: esp. an instrument by which the working steam records its pressure in the cylinder of a steam en- gine ; an instrument for recording or announcing telegraphic messages. Indict, in-clif, r. t. (Law.) To charge with a cime, in clue form of law, by the finding or presentment of a grand jury. — Indicfer, n. — Indicfment, n. Act of indicting, or state of being^ indicted; written accusation, or formal charge of a crime, preferred to a court by a grand jury under oath; hence, an acciRitiob jn general. Indifferent. Indignant, etc. See under indicator Inability. Indigenous, in-dij'c-nv.s, a. Native; born or origina- ting in (a place or country); produced naturally in a count \v or climate; not" exotic. Indigent, in'd'-jent, a. Destitute of property or me ins of coni^o"-tablo subsistence; needy: poor. — Indian Corn. sfln, cube, full ; moon, fc5ot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxboN, chair, get. INDIGO 200 INFLORESCENCE In'digence, -gency, -jen-sl, n. Poverty; need; pau- perism. | Indigo, in'di-go, n. A blue coloring matter obtained iiu.ii a leguminous plant oi several species. See { LlGHT. Indite, in-dif, v. t. To direct or dictate what is to be uttered o:- written ; to compose, write, be author of. — I^dite'dent, it. Act of inditing. Indoctrinate, in-doklri-nat, c. t. To instruct in the j ruuiaieiits or principles of learning, or of a branch of learning: to instruct in or imbue with a doctrine. ,; Indoor, iii'dd \ a. Being within doors. Indorse. ia-dSrs', v. t. [-doksed (-dorst'), -doesixg.] , To wiite upon the bock or outside of. (Law.) To write one's name upon the back of (a paper), to transfer it, or to secure the payment of (a note, drait, etc.); to give one's name or support to; to j sanction. — Indorsement, a. Act of writing on! the back of a note, bill, etc.; a writing, usually upon j the back, but sometimes on the face, of a negotiable instrument, by which the property therein is as- ■ signed and transferred; sanction or support given. ] Indrawn, iu'drawn, a. Drawn in. Induce, in-dus', v. t. [-diced (-dust'), -ducixg.] To lead in, introduce; to prevail on, move or effect by j persuasion or influence, incite, cause. (Physics.) To cause by proximity without contact or transmission. — Induce'ment, ?;. That which induces ; a motive or consideration that persuades to action ; reason ; incitement ; influence. (Law.) Matter stated by way of explanatory preamble or introduction. — Induct'', v. t. To bring in, introduce ; to intro- duce (to a benefice or office). — Induction. ;;. Act of, etc. (Philos.) Act or process of reasoning from a part to a whole, or from particulars to generals. Formal introduction of a clergyman into a benefice, or of a person into office. (Physics.) The property by which one body, having electrical, galvanic, c'r magnetic polarity, causes it in another body without direct contact. (Math.) A process of demonstration in which a general truth is gathered from an ex- amination of particular cases. — Inductional, In- ductive, -iv, a. Leading or drawing: tempting ; proceeding or derived by induction. (Elec.) Opera- ting bv, or facilitating induction. Indue, i'n-du', v. t. [-dued (-dud'), -duixg.] To put on, as clothes, draw on; to ciotne, invest, endow, furnish, supply. Indulge, in-dulj', v. t. [-dulged (-duljdO, -dulgixg.] To be complacent towards; to give "way to, yield to the desire of ; to withhold restraint from ; to grant as by favor, gratify, cherish, foster. — v. i. To give one's self up"; to practice a forbidden, or question- able, act without restraint. — Indulgence, -gency, -jen-sT, n. Quality of being indulgent; forbearance of restraint or control : favor granted ; liberality ; gratification. (Rom. Cath. Church.) Remission "of temporal punishment for sins, supposed to save the sinner from purgatory. — Indul'gent. a. Prone to indulge or humor ; not opposing or restraining. Indurate, in'du-rat, v. i. To grow hard, harden: be- come hard. — v. t. To make hard, deprive of sen- sibility, render obdurate. — a. Hardened; not soft; without sensibility ; unfeeling ; obdurate. — Indu- ration, n. Act of hardening or process of growing hard; state of being indurated: obduracy: stiffness; want of pliancy. Industry, in'dus-trY, n. Habitual diligence: assidu- ousness: laboriousness: a productive occupation. — Industrial, -trl-al, a. Consisting in industry: pert, to industry, or the arts of industry. — Industrious, -trl-us, a." Given to, or characterized by, etc.; dili- sent in a particular pursuit, or to a particular end. Inebriate, in-e'brl-at, v. t. To make drunk, intoxi- cate: to stupefy, or to make furious or frantic; to exhilarate. — r.'i. To be or become intoxicated.— n. One who is drunk: esp. an habitual drunkard; a sot: toper.— Ine'briation, Inebri'ety, -bri'e-ti, ?i. Condition of beins, etc. Ineffable, Inept, et£ See under Inability. Infatuate, in-fat'u-at, v. t. To make foolish; to weak- en the intellectual powers of; to inspire with an ex- travagant or foolish passion; to besot, stupefy, mis- lead. — Infat'ua'tion, ». Act of infatuating ; state of beins infatuated: fcllv. Infect, in-fekt', v. t. To taint with disease; to affect with morbid or noxious matter ; to communicate bad Qualities to, corrupt, poison, vitiate, pollute, de- file. '{Law.) To contaminate with illegality, or ex- pose to penalty. — Infection, 11. Act or process of infecting; that which infects; result of infecting in- fluence; a prevailing disease; that which taints, poi- sons, or corrupts, by communication from one to another ; contamination by illegality, as in cases of contraband goods. — Infec'tious, -s'hus, a. Having qualities that may infect ; pestilential; corrupting, or tending to contaminate; vitiating. (Law.) Con- taminating with illegality. Capable of being easily diffused or spread. Infer, in-fer', v. t. [-peered (-ferd'), -feeeixg (-fer'- riug).] To derive either by deduction or induction: to draw < r derive, as a fact or consequence.— Inferr- able, -fertible, -fer-I-bl, n. CapaDle of being in- terred or deduced from premises. — Inlerence, -f er- ens, n. Act of inferring ; thing inferred ; a truth or proposition drawn from anotlier which is admit- ted or supposed to be true ; conclusion ; deduction; cousequence.— Inferential, -shal, a. Deduced or deducible by iniereuce. Inferior, in-te'rl-er, a. Lower in place, social rank. Oi excellence; subordinate. (Astro/i.) Between the earth and the sun; below the horizon. (Bot.) Grow- ing below some other organ. — n. A person who is vounger, or lower in rank, station, intellect, etc., than another.— Inferiority, -rl-Sr'i-ti, n. State of being inferior ; a lower state or condition. — Infer'- nal, -ier'-nal, a. Pert, to the lower regions, or re- gions of the dead ; pert, to, like, appropriate to, or inhabiting hell ; hellish ; diabolical. — n. An inhab- itant of hell. Infest, in-lesf, v. t. To trouble greatly, harass; to so occupy or frequent as to make unsafe or unpleas- ant; to haunt. Infllter. in-filler, v. t. or i. To filter or sift in. — In- filtrate, -trat, v. i. To enter by penetrating the pores or interstices of a substance. — Infiltration, n. Act or process of infiltrating ; substance which has entered the pores or cavities of a body. (Med.) Effusion of a fluid into the cells of an organ or part. Infinite. Infirm, etc. See under Inability. Infix, in-fiks', v. t. [-fixed (-fiksf), -fixixg.] To fix by piercing or thrusting in : to implant or fix, as principles, thoughts, instructions. Inflame, in-flam'. v. t. [-flamed (-flamd'), -flam- ing.] To set on fire, kindle ; to excite to excessive and unnatural action; to produce morbid heat, red- ness, or swelling ; to excite or increase (passion or appetite) ; to provoke to anger or rage ; to irritate, exasperate, anger. — v. i. To grow hot, angry, and painful. — Infiam'mable, -flamlna-bl, a. Capable of being set on fire : easily enkindled. — Inflamlna- bleness. -inability, n. — inflammation, a. Act of, state of being, etc. (Med. & Surg.) A redness and swelling of any part of an animal body, attended with heat, pain', and febrile symptoms. 'Violent ex- citement ; heat ; passion. — Inflam'matory, -to-rY, a. Tending to inflame. Inflate, in-flat', v. t. To swell or distend with air or gas; to blow into: to puff up, elate; to cause to be- come unduly expanded or increased. — Inflate', -flat'ed. a. Filled with air ; distended; bombastic. — Inflation, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. Inflect, in-flekf, v. t. To bend, turn from a direct line or course. (Gram.) To vary (a noun or verb) in its terminations, decline, conjugate. To modulate (the voice).— Inflection, -flexlonr-fiek'shun, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. ; a bend ; fold ; a slide or modulation of the voice in speaking. (Gram.) The variation of nouns, etc., by declension, and verbs bv conjugation. (Mus.) Any modification in the pitch or tone of the voice. (Opt.) The deviation which light undergoes in passing the edges of an opaque body; diffraction. — Inflectional, a. Pert, to inflec- tion. — Inflective, -iv, a. Capable of inflection. Inflict, in-flikt' r , r. t. To lav, send, impose, apply; to cause to bear, feel, or suffer. —Infliction, n. Act of inflicting ; thing inflicted or imposed. — Inflict'- ive. -iv. a. "Tending or able to inflict. Inflorescence. in-flo-reVsens, n. A flowering; the un- folding of blossoms. (Bot.) Mode of flowering, or am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 8r ; INFLUENCE 201 INITIAL Ingrain, in'gran or in-gran', v. t. " -graining.] To dye in the general arrangement and disposition of the flowers ; i two-ply carpet. _ an axis on which all the buds are flower-buds. | [-grained (-grand''), Influence, in'flu-ens, n. A flowing in orupon; influx; | grain or before manufacture; to work into ths nat agencv or power which affects, modifies, or sways; ; ural texture, as color. controlling power quietly or efficaciously exerted ; Ingrate. Ingratitude, etc. See under Inability. authority arising from station, character, intellect, Ingratiate, in-gra'shl-at, v. t. To introduce or com- wealth, etc. — v. t. [influenced (-enst), -encing.] To control bv hidden, but efficacious, power ; to persuade, lead, direct; to modify, affect, bias, sway. — Influential, -shal, a. Exerting influence or power, i by invisible operation, as physical causes on bodies \ or as moral causes on the mind. — Influen'tially, adv. — In'flux, n. Act of flowing in ; infusion ; in- tromission; introduction ; importation in abundance. — Influenza, -za, n. {Med.) A violent form of epi- demic catarrh. Infold, in-foldl v. i. To wrap up or inwrap ; to in- | close; to embrace. Inform, in-iSrm'', v. t. [-formed (-formd'), -form- ing.] To give form, shape, or vital or organizing power to; to animate; to make known to, advise, instruct, tell; to communicate a knowledge of facts to, by way of accusation. — v.i. To give information. — Inform*' ant, n. One who informs or gives intel- ligence. — Information, n. Act of informing, or communicating knowledge ; news or advice com- municated by word or writing; intelligence; knowl- edge derived from reading, observation, or instruc- tion. {Lav:.) A prosecution for some offense against the government. — Inform'er, n. One who informs or gives intelligence. (Law.) One who informs against another for the violation of some law. One who makes a business of informing against others, — esp. who, for selfish ends, volunteers accusations, to have others punished. Infraction, in-frak'shun, n. Breach; violation ; non- observance. — Infringe', v. t. [-fringed (-frinidOi -fringing.] To break, as contracts ; to violate, transgress, neglect to fulfill or obey. — v. i. To vio- late some rule ; to encroach, trespass. — Infringe'- ment n Act of violating: breach; non-fulfillment. Infuriate, m-fulY-at, «. Enraged ; mad ; raging ; furiously angry. — v. t. To render furious or mad ; Infuse, iif-faz', v. t. [-fused (-fuzd'), -fusing.] To pour in, as a liquid ; to instill, as principles or qna> ities; to inspirit or animate; to steep in wate- M suit- able temperature, for the purpose of extracting me- dicinal or other qualities.— Infu'sioP -zhun, ,n. Act of infusing, pouring in, or instilling ; instillation ; thing infused; siwwe^'in. y^/iurinaci/.) Act or pro- cess of steeping (a plant, etc.) in water, to extract its virtues; liquid obtained by this process.— Infu'sive, -siv, a. Having the power of infusion. — Infuso'ria, -rY-a, n. pi. (Zobl.) -Mi- nute or microscopic animals foun d in water and other fluids; animalcules. — Infuso'rial, -fu r - sory, -so-rf, a. Pert, to, composed of, or containing, etc. Ingenious, in-jen'yus, a. Possessed of genius, or the faculty of invention ; skillful or prompt to invent ; proceeding from. pert, to, or characterized by inge- nuity ; witty ; well formed; well adapted.— Ingen'- iousness. Ingenuity, -je-nu'T-U, n. Quality or power of ready invention : quickness or acuteness in forming new combinations ; curiousness in de- sign.— Ingen'uous, -jenli-us, a. Of honorable ex- traction ; noble ; generous ; free from reserve, dis- guise, equivocation, or dissimulation ; open : frank; artless ; sincere. Ingle, in'gl, n. A fire, or fireplace. Ingot, in'got, 7i. A mass or wedge of gold or other metal, cast in a mold ; a mass of nnwrought metal. Ingraft, in-graff, r. t. To insert, as a scion of one tree or plant into another for propagation; to intro- I duce ; to subject to the process of grafting; to set or j fix deenly anil firmly. Ingrain, iri-gran'', a. Dyed in the grain ; thoroughly ; inwrought, as color. — Ingrain carpet. A double or Infusoria (as seen through a microscope). mend to another's favor; to worm into one's conn deuce. Ingredient, in-gre'df-ent, n. That which is a com- ponent part of any compound or mixture; an ele- ment. — In' gress, "n. Entrance; power, liberty, or means of entrance or access. — Ingres'sion, -gresh'- un, 11. Act of entering; entrance. Inguinal, in'gwi-nal, a. (Anat.) Pert, to the groin. Ingulf, in-gulf ', v. t. [-gulfed (-gullf), -gulfing.] To swallow up in or as in a vast deep, gulf, or whirl- pool; to cast into a gulf, overwhelm. Inhabit, in-hablt, v. t. To live or dwell in.— v. i. To have residence, dwell, live, abide. — Inhabit- able, a. Capable of being inhabited ; habitable. — Inhab'itance. -ancy, -an-sT, n. Condition of an in- habitant ; legal residence ; esp., the right to sup- port in case of poverty, acquired by residence m a town.— Inhabitant, n. One who resides per- manently in a place. (Law.) One who has a legal settlement in a town, city, or paiish ; a resident. — InhaVita'tion, n. Act of inhabiting, or state of be- ing inhabited; abode; place oi dwelling. — Inhab'- itativeness, -a-tiv-nes, n. (PhrenoL) An organ sup- posed to indicate the desire of permanent residence in an abode. See Phrenology. Inhale, in-hal', v. t. [-haled (-hald'), -haling.] To - draw into the lungs; to inspire. — InhaKer, n. One who inhales: an apparatus for inhaling any vapor or volatile substance, for medicinal purposes; a con- trivance to filter or warm the air for deiicate lungs ; or in a deleterious atmosphere ; a respirator ; appa- , ratus to carry air for a diver, etc. — Inhalation, n. \ Act of inhaling. Inhere, in-her', v. i. [-:;zeed (-herd"), -hering.] To i be fixed or permanently incorporated.— Inherent, a. Existing in something, so as to be inseparable from I it; naturauy pertaining to; innate: inborn; native; inviought. — Inherently, adv. — Inherence, -en- ;.y, -en-sT. ?«. State of inhering: existence in some- thing.— Inhe'sion, -zhun, n. Inherence. Inherit, in-herlt, v. t. (Law.) To take by descent from an ancestor: to succeed, as an heir, to the estate or rights of a deceased person. To receive or take by birth, have by nature: to become possessed of, own. — v.i. To have as an inheritance, possession, or prop- erty.— Inheritable, a. Capable of being inherited, or of being transmitted from parent to child, or of i taking by inheritance, or receiving by descent. — Inherltably, adv. By inheritance. — inheritance, -ans, n. (Law.) An estate which a man has by de- scent as heir to another, or which he may transmit to another as his heir; that inherited; a permanent or valuable possession or blessing ; a possession re- ceived by gift, or without purchase ; ownership. Inhesion. * See under Inhere. Inhibit, in-hiblt. v. t. To check, repress, restrain, hinder; to forbid, prohibit. — Inhibition, -bish'uu, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; restraint; prohibi- tion : embargo. — Inhibitory, -l-to-rf , a. Tend- ing or serving to inhibit: prohibitory. Inhospitable, Inhuman, etc. See under Inability. Inhumate, in-hu'mat, v. t. To inhume.— Inhuma'- tion. n. Act of. etc.: interment. — Inhume', -hum'', v.t. [-humed (-liumd'), -huming.] To bury, inter. Initial, in-ish'al, a. Of, or pert, to, the beginning ; incipient; placed at the beginning or head (of a list or series).— ;;. The first letter of a word.— Ini'tiate, -ish'f-at, v. t. To introduce by a first act, begin: to instruct in the rudiments or principles; to introduce into a societj- or organization, or secret ceremonies. — a. Begun; commenced; incomplete, as a right, etc.; introduced to a knowledge of . — Ini'tia'tion, -ish/t-a'shun, n. Act or process of initiating; cere- mony bv which one is introduced into any society; introduction into the principles of anything myste- rious. — Ini'tiative, -tiv, a. Serving to initiate; ini- tiatory!.— n. An introductory step or movement; right to introduce a new measure or law, as in legis- lation. — Initiatory, -to-rl, a. Suitable for an in- sfin, cube, full; moon, fcJot ; cow, oil; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. INJECT 202 INSIGHT traduction or beginning; introductory; tending or serving to initiate. Inject, in-jekt', v. t. To throw in, dart in. — Injec'- tion, -jek'shun, n. Act of injecting or throwing in, — applied esp. to the iorcible throwing in oi a liq- uid, or aeriform body, by a syringe, pump, etc.; thing injected, esp., a liquid medicine injected into a cavity' of the body. (Anat.) Act of filling the ves- sels of an animal body with some colored substance, to render visible their figures and ramifications. A preserved part of an animal body, thus injected. {Steam Eng.) Act of throwing cold water'into a condenser; cold water thrown into a condenser to produce a vacuum. — Inject' or, n. A person or thing that injects. Injoin, iii-join', v. t. See Enjoin. — Injunction, in- nunk'shun, n. Act of enjoining or commanding; thing enjoined; an order; command; precept. (Law.) A writ or process, granted by a court of equity, re- quiring a party to do or to refrain from doing cer- tain acts. Injudicious, Injure, etc. See under Inability. Ink, ink, n. A colored fluid, viscous material, or pig- ment used in writing, printing, etc. — v. t. [inked (inkt), inking.] To blacken, color, or daub with ink.— Ink'y,-i, a. Consisting of, like, or soiled with, ink; black.— Ink'horn. n. An inkstand, — formerly made of horn. — Ink'stand, n. A vessel for holding writing ink. Inkling, ink'ling, n. Inclination; desire ; a hint or whisper; intimation. Inlace, in-las', v. t. [-laced (-last'), -lacing.] To -.,jvork in, as lace; to lace. InlkSd. inland, a. Within the land; remote from the sea ; Ulterior ; carried on within a country ; do- mestic; "drawn and payable in the same country. — n. The inteVJor part of a country. Inlay, in-la', v. L .[-laid (-lad'), -laying.] To in- sert (pieces of pearl, 'Yory, etc.) in a groundwork of some other material, to lSU'.n an ornamental suriace. — In 'lay, n. Pieces of wood,-- ivory, etc., inlaid, or prepared for inlaying. — Inlay '6A «• Inlet, inlet, n. A passage by which an 11'rC-lqsed place may be entered; a bay or recess in che shirre of the sea, etc., or between isles, a narrow strip of ;v^ f er running into the land; a creek. Inly, Inmost, Inner, liming, etc. See under In. Inmate, in'mat, u. One who lives in the same apart- ment or house with another. Inn, in, n. A house for the lodging and entertainment of travelers; tavern; public house; hotel; in Eng., a college or society of students at law and barris- ters, also one of the buildings containing law cham- bers.—?;. t~. To put under cover, shelter ; to afford lodging and entertainment to; to lodge. Innate, in'nat or in-nac', a. Inborn; native; natural; originating in, or derived from, the constitution of the intellect, as opp. to being _acquired from experi- ence. — Innately, in'- or in-nat'li, adv. Naturally. Innocent, Innocuous, etc. See under Inability. Innovate, in'no-vat, v.t. To change by introducing something new ; to introduce as a novelty. — v. i. To introduce novelties.— Innova'tion, n. Act of, or a change effected by, innovating; a change in cus- toms, etc. — In'nova'tor, n. Innuendo, in-nu-en'do, n. ; pi. -does, -doz. An ob- lique hint; remote intimation or allusion. (Law.) A parenthetic explanatory averment employed in proceedings for libel or slander, to point the applica- tion to persons or subjects, of the alleged defamato- ry matter. Inoculate, in-ok'u-lat, v. t. To bud ; to insert (the bud of a plant in another plant) for propagation. (MeJ.) To communicate, as a disease to a person, by inserting infectious matter in his skin or flesh. — v. i. To graft by inserting buds; to communicate disease by inserting infectious matter. —laoo'ula'- tion, n. Act or art of inoculating.— laoc'ula'tor, n. Inquire, in-kwl •', v. i. [-quired (-kwirri'), -quiring.] To ask a question; to make examination or investi- gation. — v. t. To ask about; to make inquiry re- specting. — laquir'y, -kwir'T, n. Act of inquiring; search for trutn, imormation, or knowledge; exam- ination into iacts or principles; a question; query; interrogatory; scrutiny: investigation; research.— In 'quest, -kwest, n. Act of inquiring; inquiry; quest. I (Law.) judicial inquiry; official examination; a jury. "esp. a coroner's jury. — Inquisi'tion, -zish'un, n. Act of inquiring ; examination ; investigation. | (Law.) Judicial inquiry; inquest; the finding of a jury. {Rom. Cath. Church.) A tribunal for the ex- I animation and punishment of heretics. — Inquis'- itor, -kwiz'I-ter, n. One who inquires ; esp., one whose official duty it is to inquire and examine. (Rom. Cath. Church.) A member of the Court of Inquisition. — Inquis'ito'rial, -to'rf-al, a. Pert, to inquisition, or to the Court of Inquisition, or resem- bling its practices. — Inquis'itive, -T-tiv, a. Apt to ask questions; given to research; prying; curious. Inroad, in'rod, n. A sudden or desultory incursion or invasion; irruption; encroachment. Insane, Insatiable, etc. See under Inability. Inscribe, in-sknb', v. t. [-scribed (-skubd'), -scrib- ing.] To write or engrave, imprint; to mark with letters, characters, or words ; to commend by a short address, less formal than a dedication; to im- print deeply, impress. (Geom.) To draw within, as one figure within another. — Inscrip'tion, -skrip'- shun, n. Act of inscribing; tiling inscribed; esp., anything engraved on a solid substance for preser- vation or public inspection; an address or consign- ment of a book to a person, as a mark of respect. Insect, in'sekt, n. (Zobl.) An articulate animal whose bod\ r is divided by cross lines or incisions into a number of segments or rings, and in the winged or adult state is divid- ed into 3 distinct parts, the head, thorax, and abdo- raen, has G legs, never more than 4 wings, and that breathes air in tubes opening ex- ternally by spira- cles. Anything small or contempt- ible.— Insec'tivore, -tl-vbr, n. ; p I . -voiiES, - v o r z . (Zobl.) One of an ord.'"of small plan- tigrade mammals that feed oon in- sects. — Insectiv- orous, -tiv'er-us, a. Feeding cr sub- sisting on insects ; pert, to the Insecti- vores. Insecure, Insensible, etc. See under In- ability. Insert, in-sert', v. t. To set or place in among, introduce. — Insert'ing, n. A setting in ; some- thing inserted or set in, as lace, etc., into garments.— Inser'tion, -shun, n. Act of inserting, or setting or placing in or among other things; condition of being inserted ; mode, place, etc., or inserting; thing set in, as lace, cambric, in narrow strips, etc. Inset, in'set, n. That which is set in; an insertion. Inshrine. Same as Enshrine. Inside, in'sid, prep, or adv. Within the sides of; in the interior; contained within. — a. Being within; contained; interior; internal. — n. The pa-t within; interior portion ; one who, or that which, is within, or inclosed; hence, an inside passenger of a coach or carnage, pi. The inward parts, entrails, bowels. Insidious, in-sid'T-us, a. Lying in wait; watching an opportunity to insnare or entrap: intending or in- tended to entrap ; crafty : wily ; sly : designing ; treacherous ; deceptive. (Med.) Existing without marked symptoms; likely to elude notice; more dan- gerous than it appears. Insight, in'sit, n. Siaiit or view of the interior of anything; introspection: thorough knowledge: pow- er of acute observation and deduction : discernment. Insect. o, antennae; 6, eyes; c, head; d, s terior legs or arms; e, pvochorax; mesotborax; g, metatlioras; /*, m: die or central legs or arms; i, cc tral wings; o, anterior or first wing? am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, tSrm ; In, ice ; odd, toue, oj INSIGNIA 203 INTACT Insignia, in-sig'nT-a, n. pi. Badges of office or honor; marks by which anything is distinguished. Insinuate," in-sin'u-at, v. t. To introduce gently, or as by a winding or narrow passage; to wind iii; to introduce artfully, instill ; to hint, suggest by re- mote allusion ; to push or work one's self (into favor). — v. i. To creep, wind, or flow, in ; to ingratiate one's self. — Insin / ua''tion, n. Act of insinuating; a creeping or winding in; act of gaining favor by gen- tle or artful means ; art or power of pleasing and stealing on the affections; a hint; suggestion by dis- tant allusion; innuendo. Insist, in-sisf, v. i. To dwell upon as a matter of special moment; to be persistent or pressing. — In- sistence, -ens, n. Quality of being urgent. Insnare, in-snar', v.t. [-snared (-snardO, -snaring.] To catch in a snare, entrap; to seduce by artifice. Insolent, Insoluble, etc. See under Inability. Insomuch. See under In. Inspect, in-spekf, v. t. To view closely and critically, esp. in order to ascertain quality or condition, dis- cover errors, etc.; to view and examine officially, as troops, arms, goods offered for sale, etc. — Inspec- tion, -spek'shun, n. Act of inspecting; careful sur- vey; official examination; act of overseeing; super- intendence. Inspire, in-spir', v. i. [-spired (-splrd'), -spiking.] To draw in breath, inhale air into the lungs; to breathe, blow gently, — v. t. To breathe into, fill with the breath; to infuse by breathing, infuse into the mind; to convey, as by a superior or supernat- ural influence; to affect, as with a supernatural in- fluence; to inhale. — Inspiration, n. Act of inspir- ing, breathing in, infusing, etc.; inhalation: extraor- dinary elevation of the imagination or other pow- ers of the soul; result of such extraordinary eleva- tion in the thoughts, emotions, or purposes inspired; esp., a supernatural divine influence on the sacred writers, by which thev were qualiiied to communi- cate truth with authority. — Iaspir'it, -spir'it, v. t. To infuse or excite spirit in, give new life to, enliv- en, animate, cheer, encourage. Inspissate, in-spis'sat. v. t. To thicken (fluids) by evaporation. — a. Thick; inspissated. Instability, etc. See under Inability. Install, in-stawK, v. t. [-stalled (-stawld'), -stall- ing.] To set in a seat, give a place to; to instate in an office, rank, or order, with ceremonies. — Instal- lation, n. Act of installing; esp. of instating an or- dained minister in a parish; institution. —Install- ment, n. Act of installing: a part of a sum of money paid or to be paid at a time different from that of the balance. Instant, in'stant, a. Pressing; urgent: importunate; earnest: closely impending in respect to time; imme- diate; unking no delay; quick; present; current.— n. A point in duration; a moment; a particular time; a day of the current month.— Instantly, at/w. Without the least delay or interval: with urgency; directly; immediately; at once. — Insta^ta'neous, -ne-us, a. Done in an instant. — Instantaneously, adv. — Instan'ter, adv. Immediately; without de- lay; instantly.— In'stance, -stuns, n. Quality or act of being instant or pressing: occasion; order of oc- currence; something cited in proof or exemplifica- tion; a case occurring; application: example. — v. t. [-stanced (-stanst), -stancing.] To mention as an example or case. Instate, in-staf, v. t. To set or place, establish (in a rank or condition), install. Instsad. in-sted', adv. In the stead, place, or room; equivalent to; equal to. Instep, in'step, n. The arched middle portion of the human foot, comprising the metatarsus and part of the tarsus, csr>. the projection on the upper side near its junction with the leg: th it part of the hind leg of n horse from the thigh to the pastern-joint. Instigate, iu'stt-gat, v. t. To incite, set on, goad or u;w iorwnvd, stimulate, impel, animate. Instill, in-stiK, v. t. [-stilled (-stikK), -stilling.] To pour in bv d ops; to infuse slowly, or by de- grees. — I "istilla'tion, n. Act of instilling, or infus- ing by sin_ll quantities; act of infusing slowly into the mind; that instilled or infused. Instinct, in-stinkf, a. Urged from within; moved; I animated; excited. — In'stinct, n. Unconscious or unreasoning prompting to action; esp. the natural, I unreasoning impulse in an animal, by which it is guided to the performance of any action, without thought of improvement in the method.— Instincf- ive, -iv, a. Prompted by instinct : acting without j reasoning, instruction, o"r experience. — Instincf- ' ively, adv. By force of instinct. Institute, in'sti-tut, v. t. To set up, establish, appoint, ordain; to originate, found; to begin, commence, set | in operation. (JEccl. Law.) To invest with the spir- itual part of a benence, or the care of souls. — n. | Thing instituted; established law; settled order ; I that which is established as authoritative; precept; ! maxim; principle; an institution: a literary, scien- tific, or philosophical society, pi. A book of elements or principles; esp. a work containing the principles of jurisprudence; theory of medicine, esp. physiol- ogy and therapeutics, applied to the practice of medicine. — Institution, n. Act of instituting, as, establishment, foundation, enactment; or, instruc- tion, education ; or (Eccl. Laio), act or ceremony of investing a clergyman with the spiritual part of a benefice; that which is instituted or established; es- tablished order, or method, or custom; enactment; ordinance; an established or organized society, en- dowed school, etc.; a foundation; a text-book; a sys- tem of elements or rules. Instruct, in-strukf, v. t. To furnish with requisite outfit or preparation; to make ready; esp., to impart information to, enlighten, teach, educate, inform; to furnish with directions, command, enjoin. — In- structor, -or, -er, n. — Instruct'ible, a. Capable of being instructed. — Instruction, ??. Act of instruct- ing, or teaching: that wnich instructs, as, precept, imormation, teachings; direction, order, command. — Instructive, -iv, a. Conveying knowledge; serv- ing to instruct. — Instrument, -stroo-ment, n. That by means of which anything is effected, a tool, utensil, implement; a contrivance, by which musical sounds are produced. (Law.) A writing, expressive of some act, contract, process, or proceeding. One who, or that which, serves a purpose.— Instrument- al, a. Acting as an instrument; serving as a means; conducive; helpful; pert, to, made by, or prepared for, musical instruments.— In'strumental'ity, -taK- i-W, n. Quality or condition of being, or that which is, instrumental; agency. — Instrument' ally, adv. In the nature of an instrument, as means to an end; with instruments of music. — In / strumenta / ' tion, n. Act of using, or the subordination oi, as an instru- ment; means; agency. (Mas.) Instrumental compo- sition; act or manner of playing upon musical in- struments. Insubordinate, Insufficient, etc. See under Inability. Insular, in'su-lSr, -lary, -la-rT, a. Pert, to an island; surrounded by water..— In'sulate, v. t. To place in a detached situation, isolate; to prevent the transfer to, or from, of electricity or heat, by the interposition of non-conductors. — In'sula'ted, p. a. Standing by itself. (Elec.) Separated, as a body; from others, by non-couductors of electricity. (Then noli as.) Sepa- rated, as a heated body, from other bodies, by non- conductors of heat. Insult, in'sult, ??. Gross abuse offered to another; af- front; indignity; outrage; contumely, — v. t. To treat with abuse, insolence, or contempt, by words or actions. — v. i. To behave with insolent triumph. Insure, in-shoor', v.t. [-suked (-shoordO, -surixg.] To make sure or secure ; esp. to secure against a pos- sible loss or assure the contingent payment of a cer- tain sum on stipulated conditions, or at a given rate or premium. — v. i. To underwrite; to practice mak- ing insurance. — Insur'ance, n. Act of insuring, or assuring, against loss or damage; a contract where- by, for a consideration called a premium, one party undertakes to indemnify the other against loss by certain risks or to pay a certain sum in a given con- tingency; premium paid for insuring property or life. Insurgent, in-ser'jent, a. Rising in opposition to law- ful civil or political authority; insubordinate; re- bellious.—??. One who rises in revolt; a rebel. — In- surrec'tion, -seT-rek'shun, n. A rising against civil or political authority; sedition; revolt: reoellion. Intact, Integrity, etc. See under Inability. sun, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbex, chair, get. INTAGLIO 204 INTERLINE Intaglio, in-taKyo, n. A figure cut into a material, as a seal, matrix, etc.; a stone or gem in which a figure is cut' so as to form a depression or hollow. Integument, in-teg r u-ment, n. That which naturally covers another tiling; esp. (Anat.), a covering which invests the body, as the skin, or a membrane that invests a particular part. Intellect, in'tel-lekt, n. The faculty of the human soul by which it knows, understands, or reasons, as disting. fr. the power to feel and to will: the power to judge and comprehend. — Intellec'tion, ». Act of understanding; simple apprehension of ideas; intui- j tion. — Intellect 'ual, -u-al, a. Belonging to, or per- ' formed by, the mind, mental; formed bv, and exist- , ing for, the intellect alone; perceived by the intel- lect; having the power of understanding; having ca- pacity for the higher forms of know T ledg_e or thought; relating to the understanding. — Intelligence, -ll- jens, ?i. Act of knowing; the intellect as a gift or en- dowment; capacity for the higher functions of the intellect ; information communicated ; general in- formation ; an intelligent being or spirit. — Intel '- ligent, a. Endowed with the faculty of reason, or with a good intellect; well informed; sensible; skill- ; ful. — InteKligible, -li-jl-bl, a. Capable of being understood or comprehended; perspicuous; plain; clear. — IntePligibleness, -ligibiKity, n. Intend, in-tend', r. t. To fix the mind upon, as the object to be effected ; to contemplate, meditate, purpose, mean. — Intended, n. One betrothed ; an affianced lover. — Intense', -tens'", a. Strained ; stretched ; tightly drawn ; kept on the stretch ; ex- treme in degree, as, ardent, fervent; keen, biting; vehement, earnest ; severe, violent. — Intense'ness, -ten'sity, -sl-tl, n. State of being intense; extreme degree. (Physics & Mech.) Effectiveness, as estimated by results produced. — Inten'sative, -tiv, a. Add- ing intensity; intensifying.— Intensify, v. t. [-fied j (-lid), -fying.] To render more intense. — v. i. To become intense, or more intense. — Intension, -shun, n. A straining, or the state of being strained; ; increase of power or energy of any quality. (Logic \ & Metaph.) The collective attributes, qualities, or marks that make up a complex general notion. — Intensive, -siv, a. Stretched, or admitting of ex- tension, or increase of degree; assiduous; intense. ! (Gram.) Serving to give force or emphasis. — In- tensively, adv. In a manner to give force.— In- j tenf, a. Having the mind strained or bent on an object ; fixed closely ; anxiously diligent. — n. Act \ of turning the mind toward an object; a design; pur- pose ; intention ; meaning ; object ; end ; aim. — In- tently, adv. In an intent manner ; steadfastly ; earnestly; sedulously; diligently; eagerly.— Inten r - tion, n. A bending of the mind toward an object ; closeness of application; fixed direction of the mind to a particular object, or in a particular way of act- ing; object intended; state of being strained. — In- ten'tional, a. Done by intention or design; in- tended; designed. —Inten'tionally, adv. With in- tention; by design. Inter, in-ter', v. t. [-terred Herd'), -terring.] To deposit and cover in the earth, bury, inhume. — In- , ter'ment, n. Act of, etc.; burial; sepulture. Interact, in-ter-akf, v. t. To act upon each other. , — n. A short act or piece between others, as in a | plav; an interlude. Intercede, in-ter-sed', v. i. To act between parties, ! to reconcile those who differ: to plead in behalf of another ; to interpose, mediate. — Intercession, i -sesh'un, n. Act of interceding ; mediation ; en- [ treaty with one partv in favor of^ or, less often, j against another. — Intercessor, -ser, n. One who j intercedes ; a mediator. (Eccl.) A bishop, who,- j during a vacancy of the see, administers the bishop- i ric till a successor is elected. Intercept, in-ter-sept", v. t. To stop on its passage, seize by the way; to obstruct the progress of; to in- ' terrupt communication with, or progress toward. (Math.) To take, include, or comprehend between. 1 Interchange, in-ter-chanj / ',t\Z. [-changed (-chanjd'"), j -changing.] To put each in the place of the other; I to exchange, reciprocate; to cause to follow, or to j alternate.— v. i. To change mutually; to succeed al- ternately. — Interchange', n. Act of mutually | changing; state of being mutually changed; alter- nate succession : baiter ; commerce". Intercostal, in-ter-kos'tal, a. (Anat.) Placed or lying between the ribs. Intercourse, in'ter-kors, n. Connection by reciprocal dealings between persons or nations, in common af- fairs and civilities, in trade, language, or correspond- ence ; esp., interchange of thought and feeling ; communication : familiarity ; sexual connection. Interdict, in'ter-dikf, v. t. To forbid by order or charge; to prohibit or inhibit. (Eccl.) "To cut off from the enjoyment of communion with a church. — In'terdict', n. A prohibition ; a prohibitory or- der or decree ; esp. a papal censure, prohibiting the performance of divine service or the administration or enjoyment of religious rites, to or by persons named or in a specified place or region. Interest, in'ter-est, v. t. To engage" the attention or affections of; to excite emotkTn or passion in, in be- half of a person or thing; to excite in behalf of an- other, or of some other object, — used reflexively. — n. Special attention to some object; concern; sym- pathy; excitement of feeling, esp. of pleased or grat- ified feeling, regard, or affection ; share, portion, part; advantage, personal or general; lot; the per- sons interested in any particular business or meas- ure, taken collectively, — as. the manufacturing in- terest. — Interested, p. a. Having an interest; con- cerned in a cause or in consequences ; liable to be affected.— Interesting, p. a. Engaging the atten- tion or curiosity: exciting emotions or passions. Interest, in'ter-est, n. Premium paid for the use of money; profit per cent, derived from money lent, or property used by another person, or from debts re- maining unpaid; any surplus advantage, or unex- pected advance in returning what has been received. — Compound interest. That which arises from the principal with the interest added; interest on inter- est. — Simple i. _That from the principal sum only. Interfere, in-ter-fer'", v. i. [-fered Herd'), -fering.] To come in collision, clash; to take part in the con- cerns of others, interpose, intermeddle. (Far.) To strike one foot against its opposite, so as to injure the flesh. (Physics.) To act reciprocally, so as to augment, diminish, or otherwise affect one another. — Interference, ?i. Act or state of interfering ; in- terposition; collision ; clashing. (Physics.) Mutual influence, under certain conditions, of 2 streams of light, pulsations of sound, or vibrations of any kind. Interfuse, in-ter-f uz', v. t. To pour or spread between, permeate, pervade, mix together. — Interfusion, -zhun, n. A mixing together. Interim, in'ter-im, n. The time intervening. Interior. in-te'rT-er, a. Being within any limits, in- closure, or substance; internal; inner, — opp. to ex- terior, superficial; remote from the limits, frontier, or shore; inland. — n. Internal part of a thing; the inside; the inland part of a country. Interject, in-ter-jekf, v. t. To throw- in between; to insert. — Interjection, -jek'shun, n. Act of throw- ing between; a word, thrown in between words con- nected in construction, to express some emotion or passion. Interlace, in-ter-las', v. t. [-laced (-last'), -lacing.] To unite, as by lacing to- gether; to insert or inter- pose one thing with an- other, intermix. — Inter- lacing arches. (Arch.) Arches, usually circular, so constructed that their curves intersect or are in- terlaced. Interlard, in-ter-lard', v. t. To mix in, as fat with lean; to diversify by mix- ture, interpose, insert be- tween. Interleaf, in'ter-lef, n. A blank leaf inserted. — In- terleave'', v. t. [-leaved (-levd'), -leaving.] To insert a leaf into; to insert (blank leaves) in a book, between other leaves. Interline, in-ter-lln', v. t. [-lined (-lind'), -lining.] To write in alternate lines; to write between lines already written, to add to or correct what is written. Interlacing Arches. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; tn, ice ; Odd, tone, 6r ; INTERLINK 205 INTERVIEW — Interlin'eal, -Hn'e-al, -ear, -e-Sr, a. Written or inserted between other lines. — Interlineation, n. Act of interlining; a passage, word, or line inserted between lines before written or printed. Interlink, in-ter-link r , v. t. [-linked (-linkf), -link- ing.] To connect by uniting links. Interlocation, in-ter-lo-ka'shun, n. A placing between; interposition. Interlock, in-ter-lok /r , v. i. [-locked (-lokt r ), -lock- ing.] To unite, embrace, communicate with, or flow into one another. — v. t. To unite by locking to- gether. Interlocution, in-ter-lo-ku r shun, n. Dialogue; con- ference. {Law.) An intermediate act or decree be- fore final decision. Intermediate argument or dis- cussion, — Interlocutor, -lok'u-ter, n. One who speaks in dialogue, or takes part in a conversation. — Interloc'utory, -to-ri, a. Consisting of dialogue. (Law.) Intermediate; not final or definitive. Interlope, in-tei-lop', v. i. [-loped (-lopf), -loping.] To traffic without a proper license; to forestall; to prevent right.— Interloper, re. One who interlopes or runs into business to which he has no right; one who interferes officiously. Interlude, inter-lud, re. A theatrical entertainment between acts of a play or between the play and af- terpiece. (Mus.) A short piece of instrumental music played between the parts of a song or hymn. Intermarry, in-ter-mar'rY, v. t. [-ried (-rid), -rying.] To become connected (as families, tribes, classes, etc.) by marriage. — Intermar'riage, -rij, re. Act of, or state of being, etc. Intermediate, in-ter-me'dY-at, a. Lying or being in the middle place or degree between 2 extremes; in- tervening; interjacent.— v. i. To intervene, inter- pose. — Interme'dial, -dT-al, -diary, -dl-a-rf, a. Ly- ing between; intermediate. Interment. See under Inter. Intermingle, in-ter-mra'gl, v. t. [-mingled (-min' r - gld), -gling.] To mingle or mix together, intermix. — v. i. To be mixed or incorporated. Intermit, in-ter-mit', v. t. To cause to cease for a time ; to interrupt, suspend. — v. i. To cease for a time; to disappear or relax at intervals, as a fever. —Intermittent, a. Ceasing at intervals.— re. (Med.) A disease which apparently subsides orceases at cer- tain intervals. — Intermit'tingly, adv. With inter- mission. — Intermis'sion, -mish/un, re. Cessation for a time; an intervening period of time; temporary pause ; interval ; pause ; stop ; rest. (Med.) The temporary cessation or subsidence of a disease; time between the paroxysms of a disease. — Intermis'- sive, -siv, a. Coming by fits, or after temporary cessations. Intermix, in-ter-miks / \ v. t. [-mixed (-miksf), -mix- ing.] To mix together, intermingle, —v. i. To be mixed together, be intermingled. — Intermixt'ure, -miks'chur, re. A mass formed by mixture; admix- ture; something additional mingled in amass. Intern, in-tern', v. t. [-terned (-ternd''), -terning.] To put for safe custody in the interior of a country; to confine to one locality. — Inter 'nal, a. Inward ; interior; beneath the surface; not external; derived from, or dependent on, the object itself ; pert, to its own affairs or interests,— said of a country, domes- tic, as opp. to foreign / — intrinsic; real; pert, to the heart, thoughts, or inner being. — Inter'nally, adv. Inwardly ; beneath the surface ; mentally ; spiritu- ally. International, in'ter-nasb/un-al, a. Pert, to the re- lations of or affecting 2 or more nations. — re. A so- cialistic association for promoting industrial reforms through political combinations; a memberof the as- sociation.— Internationalist, re. A member of, etc. Internecine, in-ter-ne'sin, a. Mutually destructive; deadly ; accompanied with great mutual slaughter. — Interne'cive, -siv, a. Killing; tending to kill. Interoceanic, in-ter-o'shc-an'ik, a. Between oceans. Interpeal, in-tSr-peK, -pel', -pgK, v. t. To interrupt, disturb, break in upon ; to interfere with, urge by way of intercession. — Interpol 'late, -]&t,v.t. To question (a minister or executive officer) in explana- tion of his actions,— generally on the part of a legis- lative body. - Interpellation, re. Act of interrupt- ing ; interruption ; act of interfering, interposing, or interceding; act of demanding explanations from a minister, etc. Interpolate, in-ter'po-lat, v. t. To insert (a spurious word or passage) in a manuscript or book ; to foist in ; to alter or corrupt by the insertion of foreign matter ; esp. to change by the insertion of matter that is new or foreign to the author's purpose. (Math.) To fill up intermediate terms of (a series) according to the law of the series. — Inter'pola'- tion, re, Act of, etc. ; a spurious word or passage in the genuine writings of an author. (Math.) The operation of finding from a few given terms of a series, other intermediate terms in conformity with the law of the series. — Inter'pola'tor, -ter, re. Interpose, in-ter-poz'', v. t. [-posed (-pozd'), -pos- ing.] To place between; to intrude (an obstruction, interruption, or inconvenience) ; to offer (aid or services); to intervene, mediate, interfere, intermed- dle, —v. i. To step in between parties at variance; put in by way of interruption. — Interpos'er, re. — Interposition, -zish/un, re. A being, placing, or coming between; intervention; in tervenient agency; mediation; thing iuterposed. Interpret, in-ter'pret, v. t. To explain the meaning of, expound ; to free from mystery or obscurity, make clear, unfold. — Interpretation, re. Act of interpreting, expounding, or explaining ; transla- tion ; version; sense given by an interpreter; expo- sition ; meaning ; sense ; power of explaining. Interregnum, in-ter-reg'num, re. The time a throne is vacant between the death or abdication of a king and the accession of his successor ; period during which the executive branch of a government is in- terrupted. Interrogate, in-tSr'ro-gat, v. t. To question formally, examine by asking questions, inquire. — v. i. To ask questions. — Interrogation, re. Act of, etc. ; question put ; inquiry ; a point, mark, or sign, thus [?], indicating that the sentence immediately pre- ceding it is a question. — Interrog'ative, -rog'a- tiv, a. Denoting a question; expressed in the form of a question. — re. (Gram.) A word used in ask- ing questions.— Interrog'atively, adv. In the form of a question. — Interrogator, -ter, re. One who, etc. — Interrog'atory, -a-to-rl, re. A question or in- quiry. — a. Containing or expressing a question. Interrupt, in-ter-rupt / ', v. t. To stop or hinder by breaking in upon the course or progress of: to inter- fere with the motion of ; to break the even surface or uniform order of. — Interruption, -rup'shun, re. Act of, etc.; obstruction caused by breaking in upon any course, current, progress, or motion; hindrance; stop ; cessation ; intermission. Intersect, in-tgr-sekf, v. t. To cut into or between ; divide into parts, — v. i. To cut into one another, meet and cross each other. — Intersection, re. Act, state, or place of intersecting. (Geom.) The point or line in which 2 lines or planes cut each other. Intersperse, in-ter-spers r , v. t. [-spersed (-spersf), -spersing.] To scatter or set here and there among other things. Interstice, inter- or in-ter'stis, re. A space between 2 things or parts; esp. a narrow space between things closely set, or the parts which compose the body ; chink ; crack ; crevice ; cranny. — Interstitial, -stish'al, a. Pert, to, or containing, interstices. Interval, inter- val,w. A space between things; space of time between events, or between 2 paroxysms of disease, pain, or delirium. (Mus.) Difference in pitch between any 2 tones. A fertile tract of low or plain ground between hills, or along the banks of rivers. [In this sense written also intervale.] Intervene, in-ter-ven', v. i. [-vened (-vend'), -VEN- ing.] To come or be between persons or things ; to occur, fall, or come between points of time or events ; to happen in a way to disturb, cross, or in- terrupt ; to undertake an action voluntarily for another. — Intervention, -ven'shun, re. Act of intervening ; interposition ; interference that may affect the interests of others, — esp. of one or more states with the affairs of another. {Civil Law.) The act by which a third person, to protect his own in- terest, interposes and becomes a party to a suit pend- ing between other parties. Interview, in'tSr-vu, n. A meeting, esp. for confer- sQn, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. INTERVOLVE 206 INVERT ence on an important subject: consultation; conver- sation.— ?. t. To have an interview with ; to con- verse with, to obtain information for publication. — In'terviewer, n. One who effects an interview, to obtain information, etc. Intervolve, in'ter-volV, v. t. [-volved (-volvd'), -volving.] To involve one within another. Interweave, in-ter-wev', ?•. t. [imp. -wove (-wot'), -woven ; -weaving.] To weave together, unite in texture or construction ; to intermix, set among or together ; to intermingle, connect closely. Intestate, etc. See under Inability. Intestine, in-tes'tin, a. Internal : inward : depend- ing upon the internal constitution ; subjective ; in- ternal with regard to a state or country' : domestic, not foreign, — applied usually to that which is evil.— n. (Anat.) The convoluted membranous canal or tube extending from the pylorus to the anus. pi. The bowels: entrails; viscera. Inthrall, in-thrawl', v. t. [-thralled (-thrawld'), -ling.] To reduce to bondage or servitude ; to en- slave. — Inthrall'ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; servitude: slavery; bondage. Inthrone. Same as Enthrone. Intimate, in'tl-met, «. Innermost; inward; internal; near ; close ; close in friendship or acquaintance ; familiar. — n. A familiar friend or associate. — In'- timacy, -ma-si, n. State of being intimate; close fa- miliarity or fellowship. Intimate, "in'ti-mat, v.'t. To suggest obscurely, in- directly, or not very plainly ; to give slight notice of, hint.— Intima'tion. re. Act of intimating; hint. Intimidate, in-tim'i-dat, ?•. t. To make timid or fear- ful ; to inspire with fear, dishearten, dispirit, abash, terrifv. Into. See under In. Intolerable, Intractable, etc. See under Inability. Intomb, in-toom', v. t. [-tombed (-toomd'), -tomb- ing.] Todeposit in a tomb ; to bury. Intone, in-ton', v. i. [-toned (-tond'), -toning.] To utter a sound; give forth a deep, protracted sound: to chant. — v. t. To utter with ajnusical or prolonged tone; to chant. — In'tonate, -nat, r. i. To sound the tones of the musical scale; to practice solmization; to read, as in liturgical services, in a musical manner. — Intona'tion. n. (Jftts.) Act of sounding the tunes of the musical scale: peculiar quality of a voice or musical instrument as regards tone. Act or manner of modulating the voice: esp. act of reading (a litur- gical service) with a musical accentuation and tone. Intoxicate, in-toks'T-kat, v. t. To make drunk, in- ebriate ; to exhilarate or stupefy with alcoholic or narcotic poisons: to excite to a kind of delirium. — a. Overexcited, as with joy, grief, etc.— Intox'ica'tion, re. State of being intoxicated ; act of making drunk; elation which rises to enthusiasm, frenzy, or mad- ness: drunkenness: infatuation; delirium. Intreat. See Entreat. Intrench, in-trench/, v. t. [-trenched (-trenchf), -trenching.] To surround with a trench, as in fortification: to fortify with a ditch and parapet; to make hollows or trenches in or upon. — v. i. To invade, encroach.— Intrench'ment. n. Act of in- trenching. (.Mil.) A trench or ditch dug out for a defense against an enemy; earth thrown up in mak- ing such a ditch: a slight field-work. Intricate, in'trT-kat, a. Entangled ; involved^: per- plexed; complicated; obscure. — Intrigue', -treg', n. A complicated plot or scheme to effect some pur- pose by secret artifices ; the plot of a play or ro- mance;" illicit intimacy between two persons of dif- ferent sexes;_amour; liaison; libertinism. — v. i. [in- trigued (-tregd'), -TRIGU1NG.] To form a plot or scheme, usually complicated, and intended to effect some purpose by secret artifices; to carry on an amour, have illicit commerce with a person of the opposite sex. Intrinsic, in-trin'sik, -sical, a. Inward ; internal : true; genuine; real; essential: inherent. Introduce, in-tro-dOs', v. t. [-duced (-dust'), -du- cing.] To lead, bring, conduct, or usher, in ; to in- sert, put in; to bring to be acquainted : to present ; to b ing into notice or practice: to produce, cause to exist; to open to notice, begin.— Introduc'tion. n. Act of introducing, esp. of making persons known to each other: preliminary matter: preface; a formal preliminary treatise; esp" a treatise introductory to other treatises, or to a course of study. — Introduc- tory, -to-rt, a. Serving to introduce something else; previous; preliminary: prefatory. Introspect, in-tro-spek't', v. t. To'look into or within, view the inside of.— Introspec'tive, -tiv, a. Inspect- ing within: seeing inwardly. Intrude, in-trood', v. i. To thrust one's self in; to en- ter, unwelcome or uninvited, into company; to force one's self in without permission. — v. t. To thrust in, or cause to enter without right or welcome ; to force or cast in; to obtrude, encroach, infringe, tres- pass. (Geol.) To cause to penetrate, as into the clefts or fissures of rocks. —Intru'sion, -zhun, n. Act of intruding; entrance without invitation, right, or wel- come; encroachment. (Geol.) The penetrating of one rock, while melted, into cavities of other rocks. (Law.) The entry of a stranger, alter a particular estate of freehold is determined, before the heir in remainder or reversion. — Intru'sive, -siv, a. Tend- ing or apt to intrude; entering without right or wel- come. Intrust, in-trust', v. t. To deliver in trust, confide to the care of, commit, consign. I Intuition, in-tu-ish'un, n. An act of immediate | knowledge, as in perception or consciousness ; a truth that cannot be acquired hv, but is assumed in, experience. — Intu'itive. -Y-tiv, a. Seeing clearly; knowing by intuition; received or obtained by intu- ition. Intwine, in-twin', v. t. [-twined (-twind'), -twin- ing.] To twine or twist into, or together; to wreathe. Intwist. in-twisf, v. t. To twist into or together. Inundate, in-un'dat, v. t. To overflow, deluge, flood; to till with an overflowing abundance or superfluity. — Inunda'tion. n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; a flood: spreading of water over low grounds; super- fluous abundance. Inure, in-ur', v. t. [-vjred (-urd') ( -uring.] To apply or expose in practice till use gives little or no incon- venience; to harden, habituate, accustom.— v. i. To take or have effect; to be applied; to serve to the use or benefit of. — Inure'ment, n. Use; habit; prac- tice; custom. Inurn, in-ern r , v. t. [-urned (-ernd'), -urning.] To put in an urn. To bury, inter, intomb. Invade, in-vad', v. t. To enter with hostile intentions, attack; to infringe, encroach on, violate.— Inva'sion, -zhun, re. Act of encroaching upon the rights or pos- sessions of another; hostile entrance into the domains of another; a raid; attack of any foe, or anything hurtful or pernicious. — Inva'sive, -siv, a. Tending to invade; aggressive. Invalid. Invariable, etc. See under Inability. Invaluable, in-val'u-a-bl, a. Precious beyond any as- signable value; inestimable. Inveigh, in-va', v. i. [-veighed (-vad'), -veighing.] To exclaim or rail against, utter invectives ; to ex- press reproach.— Invec'tive, -tiv, n. A severe or vio- lent utterance of censure; harsh accusation: abuse; reproach. — a. Satirical: abusive; vituperative. Inveigle, in-ve'gl, v. t. [-gled (-gld), -gling.] To persuade to something evil by deceptive arts or flat- tery: to entice, seduce, wheedle. Invent, in-vent', v. t. To discover, commonly by study or inquiry; to find out: to make, contrive, de- vise, frame. —Inven'tion, -shun, w. Act of finding out: contrivance of that which did not before exist; thing invented; an original contrivance: power of inventing.— Invent 'ive, -iv, a. Able to invent: quick at contrivance. — Invenfor, -er, n. [L.] — In'ven- tory, -to-rt, n. A list of the property of which a per- son or estate is found to be possessed, or of property aligned or conveyed : a priced list or schedule o"f movables on hand, as the goods of a merchant, etc.; register; roll; schedule. — v. t. [inventoried (,-to- | rid), -rying.] To make an inventory of; to insert or register in an account of goods. Invert, in-verf, v. t. To turn over, put upside down, | place in a contrary order, give a contrary direction j to. (Mils.) To change the position of, — said of I tones which form a chord, or parts which compose | harmony. — In'vert, n. (Arch.) An inverted arch. I — Inver't'ed, p. a. Changed in order; reversed. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 2nd, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; Odd, tone, INVEST 207 IRRATIONAL (Geol.) Situated apparently in reverse order, as strata when folded back upon themselves by up- heaval, etc. ~I. arch. {Arch.) An arch placed witl Inverted Arches. crown downward, or with its intrados below the axis or springing line. — Inverse', -vers', a. Oppo- site in order or relation; reciprocal. (Bot.) Invert- ed; having a position or mode of attachment the reverse of that which is usual. {Math.) Opposite in nature and effect. — Inversely, adv. In an invert- ed order or manner. — Inversion, re. Act of invert- ing; a complete change of order; reversed position. {Gram.) A change of the usual order of words. Invest, iii-vest', v. t. To put garments on, clothe, dress, array; to endow, confer, give; to clothe, as with office or authority; to grace, bedeck. {Mil.) To inclose; to surround, so us to intercept succors and prevent escape; to lay siege to. To place (property) so that it will be safe and yield a profit. — v. i. To make an investment. — Investment, n. Act of in- vesting; that with which any one is invested; a vest- ment; the laying out of money in the purchase of property, usually of a permanent nature; amount invested, or that in which it is invested. (Mil.) Act of surrounding or besieging by an armed force.— In- vestor, -er, n. Investigate, in-ves'tt-gat, v. t. To follow up, pur- sue, search into. — Inves'tiga'tion, n. Act of inves- tigating; research; study; inquiry. — Inves'tiga'tor, -ter, n. One who searches diligentty into a subject. Inveterate, in-vet'er-at, a. Firmly established by long continuance ; obstinate ; deep-rooted ; having habits fixed by long continuance: confirmed; habit- ual. — Invet'erateness, -eracy, -a-sY, re. Obstinacy confirmed by time. Invidious, in-vid'i-us, a. Enviable; desirable; likely to incur ill-will or provoke envy; hateful. Invigorate, in-vig'or-at, v. t. To give vigor to, strengthen, animate. Invincible, Invisible, etc. See under Inability. Invite, in-vit', v. t. To ask, request; esp. to ask to an entertainment or visit; to allure, tempt to come, attract, entice. — v. i. To call to anything pleasing. — Invita'tion, n. Act of inviting ; the requesting one's company to visit, to dine, or to accompany one to any place. Invoice, in'vois, n. {Com.) A list or account of goods or merchandise sent to a purchaser, consignee, etc., with prices and charges annexed: bill of parcels.— v. t. [invoiced (-voist), -voicing.] To make a written account of, as goods; to insert in a priced list. Invoke, in-vok', v. t. [-voked (-vokf), -voking.] To call for or ask, invite earnestly or solemnly; to ad- dress in prayer.— Invocation, n. Act of addressing in prayer; form or act of calling for the assistance or presence of any being, esp. of some divinity. {Law.) A call or summons; esp., a judicial call, demand, or order. Involve, in-volv', v. t. [-volved (-volvd r ), -volv- IN.G.] To roll up, intwine, wind round; to envelop in anything which exists on all sides : to complicate or make intricate; to connect by way of natural con- sequence or effect; to include by rational or logic.il 8 construction, comprise, contain; to overwhelm, em- barrass; to take in, catch, entangle, implicate, blend. {Math.) To raise to any assigned power, multiply in- to itself.— Involv'edness, n. State of being involved. — Involve'ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. — In'volute, -vo-lut, re. (Geoin.) A curve traced by the end of a string wound upon another curve, or un- woundfroin it,— called also evolvent. SeeEvoLUTE. —In'volute. -lu'ted. a. (Bot.) Rolled inward from the edges. — Involution, n. Act of involving; state of being involved; complication; that in which any- thing is involved; envelope. (Gram.) The insertion of clauses between the subject and the verb, in a wkv which involves or complicates the construction. (Math.) Act or process of raising a quantity to any power assigned. — Invo- lu'cre, -ker, n. (Bot.) A whorl or set of bracts around a flower, umbel, or head.— Involucel, -vol'u-sel or in'vo-lu'- sel, n. (Bot.) A partial or small involucre. In wall, in-wawK, v. i. [-walled (-wawld'), -ling.] To inclose or for- tify with a wall. Inward, Inwardly, etc. See under In. a, Involucre; 6, Involucel. Iodine, i'o-din or -din, n. (Chem.) An irritant poison, much used in medicine: it is a grayish or bluish-black solid, of metallic luster, chiefly obtained from ashes of sea-weed: at 347 p of Fahrenheit, it becomes a violet vapor, whence its name. — I'odate, -dat, re. A com- pound of iodic acid with a base.— I'odide, -did, n. A non-acid compound of iodine with a metal or other substance. Ionian, i-o'nT-an, Ion'ic, a. Pert, to Ionia, in Greece, or to the Ionians. Iota, i-o'ta, n. A tittle; a very small quantity or de- gree; a jot. Ipecac, ip'e-kak, Ip'ecac'uan'ha, -u-an'a, re. (Bot. &. died.) The dried root, or an extract of the root, of several S. Amer. plants, esp. of one growing in Bra- zil, used as an emetic, also as a sudorific and expec- torant, and, in small doses, to check vomiting. Ire, ir, re. Anger; wrath; keen resentment. [F.; L. ira.] — Ire'ful, -ful, a. Full of ire ; wroth . — Iras'- cible, i-rus'I-bl, a'. Susceptible of anger; easily pro- voked; irritable. — Iras'cibleness, -cibil'ity, v.— Iras'cibly, adv.— Irate", -iat', a. Angry; enraged. Iris, i'ris,H. ; E. pLluiSES, -ez; L. pi. Irides, ir'T-dez. The rainbow ; an appearance resembling the rain- bow. {Anat.) A colored membrane at the anterior part of the eye in the midst of the aqueous humor, and perforated by a circular opening called the pu- pil : see Eye. (Bot.) Flower-de-luce ; a tuberous or bulbous-rooted plant, of the flag family, of many varieties, some of which produce flowers of exquisite beauty, and one furnishes orris root. — Irides'cent, -des'ent, «. Having colors like the rainbow. — Ir- ides'cence, -sens, n. Exhibition of colors, etc. — Irid'ium, -T-um, n. (Chem.) One of the metals, the heaviest of known substances. Irish, i'rish, a. Pert, to, or produced in, Ireland. — n. pi. The natives or inhabitants of Ireland, sing. The language of the Irish, — a species of Celtic. Irk, erk, v. t. [irked (erkt), hiking.] To weary, give pain to, — used impersonally.— Irk'some, -sum, o. Wearisome; tiresome; giving uneariness. Iron, i'ern. n. (Min.) The most common and useful of the metals, being gray in .color, hard, malleable, duc- tile, and suscepti ble of polish : according to the meth- od of manufacture and proportion of carbon with which it iscombined, it forms wrought iron, cast iron, and steel. An instrument or utensil made of iron. pi. Fetters; chains: manacles. — re. Made of iron; like iron in color, hardness, strength, etc.; inflexible; hard; unrelenting; binding fast; impenetrable.— v. t. [ikoned (-eriid), ironing.] To smooth with an instrument of iron; esp. to smooth with a heated flat-iron ; to shackle with irons, letter or handcuff; to arm with iron. — I'rony, -ern-l, a. Made, or partak- ing of, iron; hard. Irony, i'run-T, n. A kind of ridicule which exposes the errors of others by seeming to adopt or defend them; dissimulation; satire.— Iron'ic, -ron'ik, -ical, a. Pert, to, containing, or expressing, irony ; ex- pressing one thing and meaning the opposite. Irradiate, ir-ra'dT-at, v. t. To cast a bright light upon, illuminate; to animate bv light or heat.— a. Adorned with brightness. — Irra'dia'tion, re. Act of emitting beams oi light; thing irradiated; illumination. (Opt.) Apparent enlargement of brilliant objects beyond their proper bounds. Irrational, ir-rash'un-al, a. Not rational; void of rea- son or understanding; contrary to reason; absurd; sun, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. IRRIGATE 208 ISSUE foolish; preposterous; unreasonable. (JIath.) Xot capable of being exactly expressed by an integral number, or by a vulgar fraction. — Irreclaim'able, -klanfa-bl, a. Incapable of being reclaimed. — Ir- rec'oncifable, -siKa-bl, a. Incapable of being rec- onciled, or appeased; implacable; incapable of being made to agree or harmonize; incongruous; incom- patible; inconsistent.— Irrecoverable, -kuVer-a-bl, a. Xot capable of being recovered, restored, reme- died, or regained; irreparable: irretrievable; irreme- diable: incurable. — Irredeemable, a. Xot redeem- able: not subject to be paid at the nominal value, as a note or bill of indebtedness. — Irredu'cible, -du'- si-bl, a. Incapable of being reduced, or brought into a different state or form of expression. —Irref- ragable, -ra-ga-bl, a. Xot refragable ; not to be re- futed; incontrovertible; unanswerable ; unquestion- able ; undeniable. —Irrefutable, ir-refu-ta- or ir're- fufa-bl. a. Incapable of being refuted or disproved. — Irreg'ular, -u-ler, a. Xot regular ; not according to common form or rules, to established principles or customs, to nature or the usual operation of nat- ural laws, to the rules of art, or to rules of moral rec- titude; not straight; not uniform: abnormal; anom- alous ; erratic ; eccentric ; unsettled ; variable ; dis- orderly; intemperate; vicious. (Gram.) Deviating from the ordinarv form in respect to the inflectional terminations. — irreg'ularly, adv. — Irreg'ularlty, -u-lar'T-tT, n. State of being or that which is, irreg- ular; deviation from symmetry, or established form, custom, or rule ; deviation from moral rectitude: an act of vice.— Irrefative. -a-tiv, a. Xot relative; with- out mutual relations: unconnected. — Irrelevant. -e-vant, a. Xot relevant; not applicable or pertinent. — Irrelevancy, -van-si. n. Quality of not being ap- plicable, or of not serving to aid and support. — ir- religlon, -re-lijlm, n. Want of religion, or con- tempt of it ; ungodliness ; worldliness : impiety. — Irreligious, -lij'us, o. Destitute of religion; impi- ous ; ungodly ; indicating a want of religion ; pro- fane ; wicked". — Irrome'diable, -me'dT-a-bl, a. Xot to be remedied, cured, corrected, or redressed. — Irremov'able, -moov'a-hl, a. Xot removable ; im- movable.— Irrep'arable, -a-ra-bl, a. Xot reparable; not capable of being recovered or regained. — Irre- pressible, -pres/i-bl, a. Xot capable of being re- pressed, restrained, or controlled.— Irreproach/able, -proelfa-bl, a. Incapable of being -justly reproached: free from blame; upright, —Irresistible, a. Inca- pable of being successfully resisted or opposed.— lrres / 'oluble, -rez'o-lu-bl, a. Incapable of being dis- solved, sec free, or resolved into parts.— Irres'olute, -rez'o-lut, a. Xot resolute ; not decided ; given to doubt; wavering: vacillating; undecided; unsettled; unstable.— Irres'olu'tion, -rez'o-lu'shun, n. "Want of resolution or decision; fluctuation of mind; irres- oluteness. — Irresolv'abie, -re-zolVa-bl, a. Inca- pable of being resolved. — Irrespective, -spektlv, a. Xot having respect or regard to. — Irresponsi- ble, a. Xot responsible; not liable or able to answer for consequences; not to be trusted. — Irretriev'- able, -trev'-a-bl, a. Xot retrievable ; irreparable. — Irreverent, a. Xot reverent; not entertaining or manifesting due regard to the Supreme Being; want- ing in respect to superiors : proceeding from or ex- pressive of irreverence. — Irreverence, ». Absence or defect of reverence. — Irreversible, -vers'I-bl, a. Incapable of being reversed; irrevocable; irrepeala- ble : unchangeable. — Irrevocable, -o-ka-bl, a. In- capable of being recalled or revoked. — Irrevoca- bly, adv. Beyond recall ; in a manner precluding recall or reversion. Irrigate, irlT-gat, v. t. To water, wet, moisten; to water (land) b~y causing water from a stream to flow over it in many artificial channels. — Irrigation, n. Act of, etc. ; esp. the operation of causing water to flow over lands, for nourishing plants. Irritate, irli-tat. v. t. To excite heat and redness in (the skin or flesh of animal bodies, as by friction): to fret; to increase the action or violence of: to ex- cite anger in, tease, provoke, exasperate. (Physiol.) To produce irritation in.— Irlitable, a. Capable of being, etc.; easily inflamed or exasperated.— Irrita- bility, n. Qualitvof being easilv irritated: suscepti- bility to excitement. (Physiol.) A healthful vital susceptibility to the influence of natural, medicinal, and mechanical agents; a morbid and excessive vital susceptibility to the influence of natural, medicinal, and mechanical agents; the general vital activity of any and every part of the living animal body, whether in health or disease. — Ir'ritant, a. Irri- tating. — n. That which in any way causes pain, heat, or tension. — Irritalion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; undue excitement; esp., excitement of anger or passion; provocation; exasperation; anger. (Physiol.) A normal and appropriate action of an or- gan or part of an organized being under appropriate stimulus or conditions of action ; a vitiated and ab- normal sensation or action, or both in conjunction, produced bv natural, medicinal, or mechanical agents. — Ir^rita'tive, -tiv, Ir'ritatory, -ri-ta-to-ri, a. Serving to excite or irritate; accompanied with, or produced by, increased action or irritation. Irruption, ir-rup'shun, n. A breaking, or sudden, I violent rushing into a place; a suddejt incursion. — i Irrup'tive, -tiv, a. Rushing in or upon. ! Is, iz, v. i. The 3d pers. sing, of the substantive verb, in the indicative mood, present tense. Isagon, fsa-gon, n. (Math.) A figure whose angles are equal. — I'sochromatlc, -kro-matlk, a. (0)>t.) I Having the same color, — applied to 2 rings, curves, or lines, having the same color or tint.— Isoch'ronal, -soklo-nal, -ronous, -nus, a. Uniform in time: of equal time : performed in equal times. — Isomet'ric, -rical, o. Pert, to, or characterized by, equality of measure. — Isometrical projection. A method of de- lineating machines, buildings, etc., in which the ground-plan and elevations are shown in one view, 3 planes being projected at an equal angle upon a single plane. — I'sopod, -so-pod, n. (ZooV) A species of crustacean whose _legs are alike. — IsosOeles, -sos'se-lez. a. (Geom.) Having only 2 legs or sides that are equal, — said of a triangle. See Tri- angle. — 1'sotb.enn, -therm, n. (Phys. Geog.) An imaginary line over the earth's surface passing through points having the same mean annual tem- perature. — Isothernfal, a. Having reference to the geographical distribu- tion of temperature, as exhibited by means of isotherms: having the nature Isopod. of an isotherm; illustrating the distribution of tem- perature by means of a series of isotherms. Ischiatic, is-kY-atlk, a. Pert, to the hip. Ishmaelite, ishOia-el-Tt, n. A descendant of Ishmael, whose hand was against every man; one at war with society; an outlaw; outcast. Isinglass, fzin-glas, ?;. A semi-transparent, whitish form of gelatine, chiefly prepared from the sounds or air-bladders of stuigeons: sheets of mica, — popu- larly so called. Islam, izlam, n. The religion of Mohammed : the whole body of his followers. — Islamism, -izm, n. The faith or creed of, etc.; Mohammedism; Mahom- etanism. Island, lfand, n. A tract of land surrounded by wa- ter; a floating mass, resembling an island. — v. "t. To cause to become an island, as by surrounding with water ; to surround, insulate. Isle, Tl. /?. An island.— v. t. To cause to become an island, or like an island. — Isfet, llOt, n. A little isle. Ism, izm, n. A doctrine or theory, esp. used contemp- tuously: a specious, but wild or visionary theory. Isochronal, Isosceles, etc. See under Isago.v. Isolate, isO-lat, v. t. To place in a detached situation, place by itself, insulate. (Chem.) To separate from other substances; to obtain in a pure state. — Is / ola / '- tion. n. State of being isolated. Israelite, iz'- or isla-el-it. n. A descendant of Israel, or Jacob; a Jew. — Is'raelit'ic, -Ytlk. Is'raelit'ish, -It'ish, a. Pert, to Israel; Jewish; Hebrew. Issue, islfshoo, n. Act of passing or flowing out; a moving out of any inclosed place; egress; act of sending out; delivery; that which passes, flows, or is issued or sent out, — as, the whole quantity sent forth or emitted at one time; or, ultimate result or end; or, progeny, a child or children, offspring; or, am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r ; ISTHMUS 209 JACKAL produce of the earth, or profits of land, tenements, | or other propertv; evacuation; discharge; a flux or j running. {Med") An artificial ulcer designed to promote a secretion of pus. (Law.) In pleading, j a. single material point of law or fact depending in J the suit, which, being affirmed on the one side and denied on the other, is presented for determina- ' tion. Any point in debate or controversy on which the parties occupy affirmative and negative posi- tions ; the presentation of alternatives between which to decide. — v. i. [issued (-shood), -suing.] To pass or flow out, go out, rush out ; to proceed, as from a source, or as progeny ; to be produced as an effect or result : to arise, proceed. {Legal j Pleadings.) To come to a point in fact or law, on which the parties join and rest the decision of the cause. To close, end, terminate.— v. t. To send out, put into circulation; to deliver for use; to send out, deliver by authority. Isthmus, is'mus, n. ; pi. -muses, -ez. (Geog.) A neck or narrow strip of lnnd by which 2 continents are connected, or Dy which a peninsula is united to the main land. It, it, pron. An impersonal or neuter pronoun, usu- ally regarded as a demonstrative, corresponding to the masc. pron. he and the fem. she, and having the same plural, they. It is used, — as a demonstrative, pointing to that about to be stated or referring to that which is well known ; or, as a substitute for a noun of neuter gender, or for general terms ; or, as an in- definite nominative for an impersonal verb; or, as an indefinite object after some intransitive verbs, or after a substantive used humorously as a verb.— Its, the possessive of It. — Itself', the neuter reciprocal pronoun. Italian, T-taKyan, a. Of, or pert, to, Italy, its inhab- itants, or their language. — n. A native or natural- ized inhabitant of Italy : the language of, etc. — Italic, a. Relating to Italy, — applied esp. to a kind of type in which the letters slope toward the right, — dedicated to the States of Italy by the in- ventor, Aldus Manutius, about 1500. — n. {Print.) Type whose face slopes to the right ; anything printed from such type, as an emphatic word or sentence. — Italicize, -Y-siz, v. t. [-cized (-slzd), -cizixg.] To print in Italic; to underline a written word, etc. Itch, ich, n. An eruption of small, isolated, acumi- nate vesicles, produced bv the entrance of a para- sitic animal, and attended with itching ; the sensa- tion in the skin occasioned by the disease; a constant irritating desire, —v.i. [itched (icht), itching.] To feel a particular uneasiness in the skin, which in- clines one to scratch the part ; to have a constant desire. — Itcb/y, -t, a. Infected with the itch. Item, i'tem, adv. Also ; at the same time. — n. An article ; a separate particular in an account. — v. t. [itemed (-temd), iteming.] To make a note or memorandum of. — luteinize, v. t. [-ized (-izd). -iz- ing.] — To set forth in detail, or item by item. Iterate, ifer-at, v. t. To utter or do a second time; to repeat.— Itera'tion, n. Recital or performance a second time; repetition. —Iterative, -tiv, -erant, a. Repeating. Itinerate, i-tin'er-at, v. i. To travel from place to place, — esp., to preach, lecture, etc. — Itin'eracy, -cr-a-sT, n. The practice of itinerating.— Itinerancy, n. A passing from place to place ; discharge of of- ficial duty by frequently changing residence; a body of persons who thus discharge official duty. — Itin'- erant, a. Passing or traveling about a country ; wandering. — n. One who, etc.; esp. a preacher; one who is unsettled. — Itin'erary, -er-a-ri, n. An ac- count of travels, or register of places and distances as a guide to travelers. — a. Traveling ; passing from place to place, or done on a journey. Itself. See under It. Ivory, i'vo-rY, n. The hard, white, opaque, fine- grained substance constituting the tusks of the ele- phant ; the tusks themselves ; any white organic structure resembling ivory, as the tusks of the wal- rus, etc.; {slang) teeth in general. Ivy, i'vY, ?i. A climbing plant of several species, having smooth, shining, evergreen leaves, with small flowers, and black or yellow berries. Izzard, iz'zerd, n. The letter z, —formerly so called. J. J, ja, the 10th letter of the Eng. alphabet, to which it has been added in modern days, the letter i being written formerly in words where j is now used : see I. Its sound is that of g soft, as in genius ; and J is used to represent that sound in the phonetic respel- lings in this vocabulary. Jabber, jab'bgr, v. i. [-bered (-berd), -beking.] To talk rapidly or indis- tinctly ; to chatter. — v. t. To speak rapidly or indistinctly.— n. Rapid talk, with indistinct utterance of words. Jack, jak, n. A nickname or diminutive of John ; a saucy or paltry fellow ; rustic ; simpleton,— said in contempt orridicule; a playing-card marked with the figure of a servant (same as the knave); a sea-far- ing man ; an instrument that supplies the place of a boy, as, an instrument to pull off boots, bootjack ; a portable machine, variously constructed, for raising great weights through a small space; or, a contrivance to turn a spit, smoke-jack ; in general, any appendage to a machine, ren- dering convenient service; a young pike; a buff jerkin, rarely, a coat of mail ; the male of certain animals, as of the ass ; a wooden frame on which wood or timber is sawed. {Me • ; The quill of the hammer Avhich strikes the strings in a harpsi- chord, piano, etc. £Nuut.) A small flag containing only the union with- Amer. Jack. out the fly. — Jack-at-alUtrades. One who can turn Ms hand to any kind of business. — J.-at-a-pinch. One who receives unexpected calls to do anything. — J.-o' -lantern, J.- loith-a-lantern. An ignis fatuus; a will-o'-the-wisp. — J.-a-dandy. A -RiHHsh t-.i. little, foppish, impertinent fellow. Jjnnsjl ' laa ' — Jack'anapes, -a-naps, n. A monkey ; ape ; a cox- comb; impertinent fellow. — Jack'ass, n. The male of the ass ; a dolt ; blockhead. — Jack'daw, n. A bird allied to the crows, of which it is the smallest example. — Jack'et, n. A short, close garment, ex- tending downward to the hips; a coat without skirts; the outer covering of anything, esp. a case to prevent radiation of heat. — Jack'knife, n. A strong clasp- knife for the pocket. — Jack'-boots, n. pi. Large boots reaching above the knee, to protect the leg. — -plane, n. A plane used by joiners for coarse work. — pud'ding, n. A merry -andrew; buffoon; zany. — -screw, n. A portable machine for raising heavy weights through a small distance. stays, n. pi. {Xaut.) Ropes or strips of wood or iron stretching along the yards of a ship to bend the sails to. — -straw, n. A low, servile fellow ; one of a set of straws or strips of ivory, bone, etc., for playing a child's game. tow'el, n. A long, endless towel upon a roller. Jackal, jak'awl, n. A gregarious nocturnal animal of Asia and Africa, allied to the dog and fox, feeding upon carrion, small animals, poultry, grapes, etc.; an unscrupulous agent. sun, cube, full ; moon, io"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. 14 JACOBIN 210 JERK Jacobin, jafo-bin, n. A Dominican friar; a pigeon with a hood-like tuft of feathers; one of a society of violent revolutionists iu France, during the revo- lution of 1789; a turbulent demagogue. — Jacobin/ic, -ical, a. Resembling, or pert, to, the Jacobins: hold- ing revolutionary principles.— Jac'obinism, -izm, n. The principles of the Jacobins ; factious opposition to legitimate government. Jacobite, jak'o-bTt, n. A partisan of James TL, of Eng.. after he abdicated the throne, and of his de- scendants. — Jac'obite, -bit'ic, -blfik, -bit'ical, a. Pert, to, etc. — Jac'obitism, -izm, n. The principles of, etc. Jacob's-ladder, ja'kobz-lad'der, n. (Bot.) A plant with alternate leaves and corymbs of blue or white flowers. (Naut.) A rope ladder, with wooden steps, for going aloft. Jaconet, jak'o-net, n. A thin cotton fabric, for dresses, neck-cloths, etc^ Jaculate. jak'u-lat, v. t. To throw like a dart, throw out, emit. — Jac'ulatory, -to-rT, a. Darting or throwing out suddenly, or suddenly thrown out. Jade, jad, n. (Min.) A hard stone of a dark-green color,_used for ornament. Jade, jad, n. A mean, tired, or worthless horse ; a mean woman, wench ; a young woman, — in irony or slight contempt. — v. t. To reduce to the condi- tion of a jade, tire out ; to exhaust by excessive la- bor of any kind, fatigue, weary, harass. Jag, jag, n. A notch; a ragged protuberance; a small load, as of hay or grain in the straw.— v. t. [jagged (jagd), -ging.] To cut into notches or teeth like those of a saw ; to notch. — Jag'ged, p. a. Having notches ; cleft; divided. — Jag'gy, -gl, a. Notched; uneven. Jaguar, jag'u-ar or jag-u-a.r'', n. A carnivorous feline animal, of S. America ; the S. Amer. tiger. Jail, jal,w. A prison; a place for confinement for debt or for crime. — Jail'er, n. The keeper of, etc.— JaiK- bird, n. A prisoner; one who has been confined in prison. — fe'ver, n\ (Med.) A fever of the typhoid character, generated in jails and crowded places. Jalap, jaKap, n. (Med.) The root of a Mexican plant, used in powd_er as a cathartic. Jalousie, zhal-oo-ze / ', n. A slatted window blind. Jam, jam, n. A mass of people or of objects crowded together ; the pressure from a crowd ; an injury caused by pressure; a conserve of fruit, as berries, boiled with sugar and water to a uniform consist- ence— v. t. [jammed (jamd), -Ming.] To press, crowd, squeeze tight; to crush, as in the crack of a door; to wedge in. Jamb, jam, n. (Arch.) The side-piece of a door, fire- place, or other aperture in a building. Jangle, jan'gl, v. ?'. [-gi.ei> (-gld), -gling.] To sound harshly or discordantly, as belis out of tune ; to bicker, wrangle. — v. t. To cause to sound harshly, inharinoniously, or discordantly. — n. Discordant sound: contention; babble. Janitor, jan'T-te \ ». A door-keeper; porter; one in charge of a public building. Janizary, jan'T-za-rY, n. A soldier of a privileged miiitay class, formerly the nucleus of the Turkish infantry, but suppressed in 1826. Jant. See Jaunt. January, jan'u-a-rY, n. The 1st month of the year. Japan, ja-pan', n. Work varnished and figured in tlie manner of the natives of Japan; varnish or lac- quer used in japanning metallic or other articles. — v.t. [japanned (-pand'), -ning.] To cover with hard, brilliant varnish, in the manner of the Japa- nese: to black and gloss, as in blacking shoes.— Jap- anese', -nez r , a. Of, or pert, to, Japan, or its inhab- itants.— n. A native or inhabitant of Japan; in pi. the people of Japan ; language of the people of Japan. — Japan'ner, n. One who varnishes in the manner of, etc. — Japon'ica, -pon r l-ka, n. (Bot.) A species of camellia, native <>j Japan. Jar, jar, c. i. [jarred (jard), -king.] To give forth a short rattle or tremulous sound: to vibrate harshly or discordantly : to clash, interfere : to vibrate reg- ularly. — v.t. To cause to tremble, shake. — n. A rattling vibration of sound; clash of interest or opin- ions: discord; a vibration of the pendulum of a clock. Jar, jar, n. A deep, broad-mouthed vessel, of earth- enware, glass, etc.; the measure of what is contained in a jar. Jargon, jar'gon, n. Confused, unintelligible talk or language; gabble; gibberish: cant language; slang. Jasmine. jas > - or jaz'min, Jes'samine, n. An erect or climbing plant of many species, bearing flowers of a peculiarly fragrant odor. Jasper, jas'per, n. (Min.) An opaque, impure variety of quartz, of red, yellow, and other dull colors, brea king with a smooth surface. Jaundice, jan'dis, n. (Med.) Icterus; a disease caused by disturbance of the functions of the liver, and characterized b^ yellowness of the eyes, skin, and urine. — Jaun'diced, -dist, a. Affected with the jaundice; prejudiced; seeing with discolored organs. Jaunt, Jant, jant, v. i. To ramble here and there, make an excursion, stroll. — n. An excursion; short journey. Jaunty, jiin'tY, a. [-tier, -tiest.] Gay and easy; airy; showy; finical ; characterized by an affected or fan- tastical manner. Javelin, javelin, n. A light spear, anciently thrown from the hand. ^■■m Jaw, jaw, n. One of the maxillary bones; the bone with its teeth and Javelin, covering; scolding; abusive clamor; anything re- sembling an animal's jaw; in pi., the mouth. — v. i. [jawed (jawd). jawing.] To scold, clamor. — v. t. To abuse by scolding. Jay, ja, n. A voracious and destructive bird of sev- eral species: the European jay is a showy bird, of red-brown color above, and a taint yellow below, and has a low, erectile crest of feathers; the blue jay is a crested Amer. bird, hav- ing the larger part of the feathers of a brilliant sky- blue. Jealous, jel'us, a. Filled with anxious apprehension ; sus- piciously vigilant; solicitous m a matter affecting charac- ter or honor ; pained by sus- picions of preference given or love transferred to anoth- er; envious; zealous.— JeaK- ousy, -us-sT, n. Quality of being jealous; suspicious fear or apprehension ; pain- f u 1 apprehension of rival- ship. Jean, jan, n. A twilled cotton cloth. Jeer, jer, v. i. [jeered (jerd), jeering.] To make a mock of some thing or person, sneer, scoff, flout. — v. t. To treat with derision. — n. A railing remark or reflection; a taunt; jibe; mockery. Jehovah, je-ho'va, n. A Scripture appellation of the Supreme Being. Jejune, je-jun /- . a. Craving food; hungry; starving; wanting contents; empty; void of interest; barren; unprofitable. Jelly, jeKlT, n. An elastic, tremulous, viscous or ge- latinous semisolid ; a stiffened solution of gelatine, gum, etc. ; juice of fruits or meat boiled with sugar to a stiffened consistence. Jennet, Gennet, jen'net, n. A small Spanish horse. Jenneting, jen'riet-ing, n. A species of early apple. Jenny, jen'nY, n. A machine for spinning a number oi soft cotton threads at once. Jeopardy, jep/ard-Y, n. Exposure to death, loss, or injury; peril; risk; hazard; danger. — Jeop'ard, Jeopardize, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izing.] To expose to loss or injury.— Jeop'ardous, -us, a. Exposed to danger; perilous; hazardous. Jerboa, jer'bo-a or jer-bo'a, n. A small, jumping, rodent' animal, having very long hind legs and a long tail: it burrows in the ground. Jeremiad, -ade, jer-e-mi'- ad, n. A tale of grief, sorrow, or complaint; a doleful story. Jerk, jSrk, V. t. [JERKED lerhnn (jgrkt), jerking.] To u throw with a quick and suddenly arrested motion; ilm, tame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Yn, Ice ; Qdd, tone, Or j JERK 211 JOIN to give a sudden pull, twitch, thrust, or push. — v. i. To make a sudden motion, start quickly, move with a start, or by starts.— re. A short, sudden thrust, push, or twitch; unsteady motion; a sudden spring. Jerk, jerk, v. t. To cut (meat) into slices or strips, and dry it in the sun. Jerkin, jerkin, re. A jacket; a kind of short coat or close waistcoat. Jersey, jer'zT, re. The finest of wool separated from the rest ; fine yarn of wool ; a close-fitting woolen jacket or skirt. Jessamine. Same as Jasmine. Jest, jest, re. Something done or said to amuse; some- thing ludicrous meant only to excite laughter; the object of sport; laughing-stock; joke; fun; raillery; sport. — v. i. To make merriment, joke, sport, rally. Jesuit, jez'u-it, n. (Rom. Cath. Church.) One of a religious order founded by Ignatius Loyola, under the title of The Society of Jesus; a crafty person; intriguer (an opprobrious use of the word).— Jesu- its' -hark. Peruvian bark, or the bark of certain spe- cies of cinchona, whose medicinal properties were first made known in Europe by Jesuit missionaries to S. Amer. — J. drops. Compound tincture of ben- zoin. — J. powder. Powdered cinchona bark. — Jes- uit'ic, -ical, a. Pert, to the Jesuits, or to their prin- ciples and arts: designing; deceitful. — Jesuit'ical- ly, adv. — Jes'uitism, -izm, re. The arts, principles, and practices of the Jesuits. Jet, jet, a. (Miri.) A compact, lustrous, velvet-black variety of lignite, wrought into toys, jewelry, etc. Jet, jet, 11. A spouting, forcible shooting forth, or sudden rush, as of water from a pipe, or flame from an orifice ; that which issues in a jet. — v. i. To shoot forward, shoot or stand out, project, jut. — v. t. To spout forth, emit in a stream or spout. — Jet-d'eau, zha-do /r , re. A stream of water spout- ing from a fountain or pipe. [F.J — Jet'sam, Jet'- son, Jet'tison, n. (Mar. Law.) The voluntary throwing of goods overboard, to lighten and pre- serve a ship ; goods thus thrown away, and which remain under water. [OLaw F.] — Jefty, -tT, n. A part of a building that jets or projects beyond the rest; a projecting pier or mole of timber, fascines, rubble, or masonry, for use as a wharf, or to defend a harbor, etc^, from the waves, or to deflect a stream. Jew, ju or joo, n. A Hebrew, or Israelite. — v. t. [jewed (jtid or jood), JEWING.] To cheat or defraud (an opprobrious use of the word). — Jew'ess, re. A Hebrew woman. — Jew'ish, a. Pert, to the Hebrews; Israelitish. — Jew'ry, -rl, n. Judea ; a district in- habited by Jews, hence the name of a street in Lon- don. — Jews'- harp, n. A small musical instrument, held between the teeth, and having a metal tongue, which when struck by the finger produces musical sounds that are modulated by the breath.— Juda'ic, -ical, ju-da'ik-at, a. Fert. to" the Jews. Jewel, ju'- or joo'el, n. A personal ornament in which precious stones form a principal part ; a pre- cious stone; gem; any object very highly valued; a precious thing, —v.t. [jeweled (-eld), -eling.] To adorn, fit, or provide with, jewels. — Jew'eler, n. One who makes or deals in jewels and other orna- ments.— Jew'elry, -ellery, n. Jewels in general; the art or trade of a jeweler. Jezebel, jez'e-bel, n. An impudent, vicious woman. Jib, jib, n. (Naut.) The foremost sail of a ship, be- ing a triangular stay-sail extended from the outer end of the jib-boom toward the fore topmast-head : in sloops, it is on the bowsprit, and extends toward the lower mast-head: see Sail. (Mach.) The pro- jecting beam of a crane. — Jib-boom, -boom, re. (Naut.) A spar run out from the extremity of the bowsprit, and serving as a continuation of it : see Ship.— Jibe, jib, v. t. [jibed (jibd), jibing.] [Writ- ten also gy ie.\ (Naut.) To shift from one side of a vessel to the other, as a sail.— v. i. (Naut.) To shift from one side of a vessel to the other. To harmon- ize, agree. Jiffy, jiff 1, n. A moment; an instant. Jig, jig, n. (Mus.) A light, brisk musical movement. A frolicsome, quick dance, to such a movement ; a piece of sport ; trick; cajolery. — v. t. To sort or separate (ore) by shaking ; to delude. — Jig'ger, n. One who, or that which, jigs, as a miner who separates ore by shaking it in water in a riddle or wire-bottom sieve ; a jigging sieve : a machine on which earthen vessels are shaped by rapid motion; a potter's wheel. (Naut.) A small tackle, consisting of a double and single block and the fall.— Jig'saw, n. A vertically reciprocating saw, moved by a vi- brating lever or crank rod.— Jig'gle, -gl, v.i. To move in an affected or awkward manner; to shake up and down. Jill, jil, re. A young woman, — so called in contempt. — Jilt, n. A woman who capriciously deceives and disappoints her lover; a coquette; flirt.— v. t. To en- courage and then frustrate the hopes of (a lover). — v. i- To play the jilt, practice deception m love. Jimmy, jirn'mi, re. A short bar used by burglars in breaking open doors. Jimp, jimp, a. Neat; handsome; elegant of shape. Jingle, jin'gl, v. i. [-gled (-gld), -gling.] To sound with a fine, sharp rattle; to clink. — v. t. To cause to give a sharp sound, as a little bell, or pieces of metal. — re. A rattling or clinking sound; that which makes such sound ; correspondence of sound in rhymes. Jingo, jin'go, re. A word often used in a vulgar oath. Jinnee, jin'ne, n. ; pi. Jinn. (Mohammedan Myth.) A genius or demon, — a name applied to genii, an- gels, or demons, supposed to have transparent bod- ies, with the power of assuming various forms. Job, job, n. Apiece of work; anything undertaken; an undertaking with a view to profit; a public trans- action done for private profit.— v. t. [jobbed (jobd), -bing.] To hire by the job, or period of use and service; to do by separate portions or lots. (Com.) To buy and sell as a broker; to purchase of im- porters for the purpose of selling to retailers.— v. i. To perform pieces of work, work by the job; to seek private gain under the pretense of public service. — Job'ber, re. A worker by the job ; a dealer in pub- lic stocks; one who purchases goods from importers, and sells to retailers; one who turns officiafactions to private advantage. — Job'bery, -ber-T, re. Act of, etc.; unfair means for gaining a private end. Jockey, jok'T, n. ; pi. Jock/eys, -iz. A man who rides or drives horses at horse-races ; a dealer in horses ; one who cheats in trade, —v. t. [jockeyed (-id), -eying.] To play the jockey toward; to cheat, trick. — v. i. To act the jockey. Jocose, Jocular, etc. See under Joke. Jocund, jok'und, a. Merry; lively; sportive. Jog, jog, v. t. [jogged (jogd), -ging.] To push or shake with the elbow or hand ; to arouse the mem- ory or attention by a slight push.— v. i. To move by jogs, like a slow trot; to walk or travel idly, heavily, or slowly. — n. A slight shake; a push to awaken at- tention.— JOg'gle, -gl, V. t. [-GLED (-gld), -GLING.] To shake slightly ; to jostle, or cause to move irregu- larly. (Arch.) To join or match by jogs or notches, so as to prevent sliding apart. — v.i. To shake or totter. — ?i. (Arch.) A joint between 2 bodies so constructed by means of jogs or notches, as to pre- vent their sliding past each other. (Masonry.) A similar joint held in place by means of pieces of stone or m et al intro- duced into it. pi. The pieces of stone or m e t a used in a joggle joint. Join, join, v. t [joined (joind), joining.] To bring together, place in contiguity, connect; to associate one s self to, be connected with ; to effect a union; to add, annex, combine, couple, link. — v. i. To be contiguous, close, or in contact: to form a league or contract to- gether; to unite.— Join'der, n. Act of joining; con- junction. (Law.) A joining of parties as plaintiffs "or defendants in a suit, or of causes of action; ac- ceptance of an issue tendered in law or fact. — Joinder, re. One who joins ; a mechanic who does the wood-work in buildings. — Join'ery, -Sr-i, n. Art or work of a joiner. — Joint, n. The place or part in which 2 or more things or parts are joined or united; junction; articulation; hinge; node; the part sun, cube, full ; moon, fdOt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. JOIST 212 JUG or space included between 2 joints, knots, or articula- tions; a large piece of an animal cut off for cooking. (Geol.) A deep fissure or plane of fracture cutting across the stratification. — a. Joined; united; com- bined ; concerted ; uniting or sharing with others ; shared among more than one; held in common. — v. t. To unite hy joints, fit together; to provide with joints, articulate ; to separate the joints of ; to cut up (meat), disjoint, — v. i. To fit perfectly; to coa- lesce as joints do. — Joint'ure, join'chur, n. (Law.) An estate settled on a wife, and which she is to enjoy after her husband's decease for her own life at least, and in satisfaction of dower.— c. f. [jointured (-churd), -Turing.] To settle a jointure upon. — Ju'g'ular, -gu-lar, a. (Anat.) Pert, to the neck or throat. — n. One of the large veins by which blood is returned from the head to the heart: see Lung.— Junc'tion, junk'shun, n. Act of joining, or state of being joined; union; combination; coalition; place or point of union; esp. place where lines of railway meet or cross. — Juncfure, junk'chur, n. The line or point at which 2 bodies are joined'; a joint or ar- ticulation; a point of time, esp. a point rendered critical by a concurrence of circumstances; an exi- gency; emergency. — Jun'' to, n. ; pi. -tos, -toz. A select council which deliberates secretly on affairs of government; a cabal; faction. Joist, joist, n. A small timber to which boards of a floor or laths of ceiling are nailed.— v. t. To fit or furnish with joists. Joke, jok, n. Something said to excite a laugh; a jest; witticism; what is not in earnest, or actually meant. — v. t. [joked (jokt), joking.] To make merry with, banter. — v. i. To do something for sport, make sport, jest, rally. —Jocose, jo-kos', a. Given to jokes and jestir.gs; containing a joke; facetious; witty; merry; waggish; sportive. — jocosity, -kos r - t-tT, ?i. A jocose act or saying; jocoseness. — Joe' ular, -u-lar, a. Given to jesting; containing jokes; :ular1ty, -l&r'T-tT, n. Merrime jesting. sportive. — Jocularity, rinient ; Jolly, jollY, a. Full of life and mirth; jovial; joy- ous; merry; expressing mirth, or inspiring it ; of fine appearance ; handsome ; plump. — JoKliness, -lity, -lf-tt, n. Noisy mirth; revelry; joviality.— Jol'lifica'tion, n. Noisy festivity. Jolly-boat, jollT-bot, n. (Naut.) A small boat belonging to a ship. Jolt, jolt, v. i. To shake with short, abrupt Jolly-boat. ings and fallings, as a carriage moving on rough ground. — v. t. To shake with sudden jerks. — n. A shock or shake. Jonquil, -quille, jon'kwil, a. A bulbous plant of the narcissus family, having lily-like leaves and very fragrant yellow flowers. Joram, jo'ram, Jo'rum, n. A large drinking vessel; also its contents, —nut-brown ale and toast, with sugar and spice. Jostle, josl, Jus'tle, v. t. [-tled (-Id), -tling.] To run, push, or crowd against, so as to render un- steady ; to hustle, clash. — v. i. To hustle, shove about, elbow. — n. An encounter or shock. Jot, jot, n. An iota-- a point; tittle; the least quantity assignable, — v. t. To set down; to make a memo- randum of. Jounce, jowns, v. t. [jounced (jownst), jouncing.] To jolt, shake, as by driving over a stone, etc. — n. A jolt; shake; bard trot. Journal, jer'nal, n. An account of daily transactions and events; diary; a record of proceedings; a paper published daily ; a periodical publication giving an account of passing events, proceedings of socie- ties, etc. (Naut.) A daily register of the ship's course and distance, etc. (Com.) A book in which every charge is entered under the date of each day. (Mach.) The portion of a shaft or other re- volving piece which turns in some other piece, or in a journal-box; a bearing. — Jour'nalism, -izm, n. The keeping of a journal; the profession of editing, or writing for, journals.— Jour'nalist, u. The writer of a journal or diary ; conductor of, or contributor to, a public: journal.— Jour'naliz3, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -izing.] To enter an account of in a journal.— v. i. To aid by writing in carrying on a public journal. — Jour'ney, -nT, n. ; pi. -keys, -niz. Travel from one place to another ; passage ; voyage ; tour ; ex- pedition ; pilgrimage. — v. i. [journeyed (-nid), -neying.} To travel i'rom place to place. — Jour / '- neyman, n. ; pi. -men. One hired to work by the day ; a workman who has learned his trade and is supposed to be capable of earning the full rate paid for day's work. Joust. Same as Just. Jove, jov, ii. The chief divinity of the ancient Ro- mans; Jupiter.— Jo'vial, -vt-al, a. Under the influ- ence of Jupiter, the planet; gay; joyous; jolly. — Jo r - vialness, Joviality, -al' f-tT, Jo v vialty, n. Merriment. Jowl, jol, n. The cheek. Joy, joi, n. The emotion excited by the acquisition or expectation of good ; exhilaration of spirits ; cause of happiness ; gladness ; pleasure ; delight ; felicity; rapture; bliss ; mirth; festivity; hilarity.— v.i. [joyed (joid), joying.] To rejoice, be glad, exult. Jubilant, ju'bi-lant, a. Uttering songs of triumph; rejoicing; shouting with joy.— Jubilalion, n. Act of rejoicing ; exultation. Jubilee, ju'bi-le, n. (Jewish Hist.) Every 50th year, at which time all slaves were liberated, and all lands alienated during the whole period reverted to their former owners. (Rom. Calk. Church.) A solemnity celebrated at Rome, at stated intervals, latterly of 25 years. A season of public festivity and joy; joy- fulness; exultation. Judaic, Judaism, Judaize, etc. See under Jew. Judge, juj, 11. (Law.) A civil officer authorized to hear and determine causes, civil or criminal. The Supreme Being; one skilled to decide on the merits of a question, or on the value of anything; a con- noisseur; expert. (Jewish Hist.) A chief magistrate with civil and military powers, such as those who governed the nation more than 300 years, pi. The title of the 7th book of the Old Testament. — v. i. [judged (jujd), judging.] To hear and deter- mine (in causes on trial); to pass sentence; to as- sume authority to try anything and pass judgment on it; to form an opinion, determine, distinguish. — v. t. To hear and determine by authority (a case before a court, or controversy between parties); to examine and pass sentence on; to sit in judgment upon; to be censorious toward; to determine upon inquiry or deliberation; to esteem, think, reckon. — Judgement, n. Act of judging ; process of the mind m comparing ideas, to find their mutual re- lations, and to ascertain truth ; that discerned by the mind in judging ; opinion ; notion; facility in judging ; faculty of judging or deciding truly and wisely ; good sense ; taste. (Philos.) The act or faculty of comparing objects, and discerning their relations, attributes, or properties; result of the act thus performed. (Law.) Sentence of the law, pro- nounced by a court or judge; decision of a court. A calamity regarded as sent by God, by way of recom- pense for wrong committed. (Theol.) The final punishment of the wicked. — Ju'dicature, -ka-chur, n. Power of distributing justice by legal trial and determination ; right of judicial action ; jurisdic- tion ; a court of justice ; extent of jurisdiction of a judge or court. — Judi'cial, -dish/al, a. Pert, or ap- propriate to courts of justice; practiced or employed in the administration of justice; proceeding from a court of justice ; positive or established by statute ; inflicted, as a penalty or in judgment. — Judi'dary, -dish^I-a-rT, a. Passing judgment or sentence; pert, to courts of judicature. — n. That branch of govern- ment in which judicial power is vested; judges col- lectively. — Judi'cious, -dish'us, a. According to, having, or exercising, sound judgment; prudent ; wise ; discerning ; sagacious. Jug, jug, n. A vessel, with a capacious body and nar- row mouth, and usually a handle on one side; a large earthen or stone "bottle ; a pitcher ; ewer ; a prison; jail. — v. t. [jugged (jugd), -ging.] To boil or stew,' as in a jug ; to commit to jail, imprison. Sm, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Sdd, tone, JUGGLE 213 JUXTAPOSIT Juggle, iug'gl, v. i. [-GLED (-gld), -gling.] To play tricks by sleight of hand ; to conjure ; to practice artifice or imposture, — v. t. To deceive by trick or artifice, — n. A trick by legerdemain; an imposture; deception. — Jug'gler, n. One who practices tricks by sleight of hand; a cheat ; deceiver. — Jug'glery, -gler-T, n. Art or act of, etc.; trickery; imposture. Jugular. See under Join. Juice, jus, n. The characteristic fluid of any vegetable or animal substance, esp. that which may be ex- pressed from fruit or meat, or which flows from them in cooking.— Jui'cy, ju'sY, a. [-cier, -ciest.] Abounding with juice ; moist ; succulent. Jujube, ju'jub, n. An oriental fruit, allied to the plum, of"a blood-red or saffron color, and having a sweet, granular pulp. Julep, julep, n. A sweet drink; esp. {Med.), a demul- cent, acidulous, or mucilaginous mixture; a bever- age composed of some spirituous liquor, with sugar, pounded ice, and sprigs of mint. Julian, juKyan, a. Pert, to, or derived from, Julius Cassar. — Julian calendar. The calendar as adjusted by Julius Caesar, in which the year was made to con- sist of 36.3 days, G hours, instead of 365 days.— July', -W^n. The 7th month of the year,— f r. Julius Cassar, born in this month. Jumble, jum'bl, v. t. [-bled (-bid), -bling.] To mix in a confused mass; to put or throw together with- out order.— v. i. To meet, mix, or unite confusedly. — n. Confused mixture: orderless mass or collec- tion; a small, sweet cake, often ring-shaped. Jump, jump, v. i. [jumped (jumt), jumping.] To lift the feet wholly from the ground and alight again upon them, usually with a forward motion ; to leap ; to skip, spring, bound ; to jolt; to coincide.— v. t. To pass by a leap, pass over eagerly or hastily, skip over. — n. Act of lumping; a leap ; spring; bound; a venture. {Geol.) A dislocation in a stratum ; a fault. {Arch.) An abrupt in- terruption of level in a piece of brick-work or masonry. — Jump'er, n. One who or that which jumps; the maggot of the cheese-fly ; a long iron chisel or borer; a kind oi sleigh ; one of a certain re- ligious sect. — Jump-seat, n. A carriage with a movable Jump-seat, seat, readily changed from the Two-scat form, one-seated to the two-seated form. Junction, Juncture. See under Join. June, jun, n. The 6th month of the year. Jungle, jun'gl, n. Land mostly covered with forest trees, brush-wood, etc., or coarse, reedy vegetation, but not wholly uninhabited. Junior, jun'yer, a. Less old ; younger, esp. applied to the younger of 2 persons of the same name; pert, to a younger person, or to a junior.— n. A younger per- son; of a lower or younger standing; as, esp., one in the 3d year of his collegiate course in an Ainer. col- lege, or in the 1st year of his course at a theological seminary. Juniper, ju'nY-per, n. An evergreen shrub or tree, whose berries are used to flavor gin and as a power- ful diuretic. Junk, junk, n. Pieces of old cable or cordage. (Naut.) Hard salted beef supplied to ships. — Junk Dealer. One who buys and sells junk, old metals, etc. Junk, junk, n. A ship used in China. Junk, junk, n. A thick piece; lump.— Junk-bot- tle. A bottle, usually of green glass, made thick and strong, for holding liquors, etc. Junta, Junto. See under Join Junk. Jupiter, ju'pY-tSr, n. {Rom. Myth.) The supreme deity; the son of Saturn ; Jove. {Astron.) The largest planet, and, next to Venus, the brightest: it has 4 moons. Jupon, ju-pon r or zhoo-pawN'', Juppon, jup-pon', n. A sleeveless jacket, orig. worn over armor, composed of several thick- nesses of material sewed through and faced with silk or velvet ; a petticoat. Juridic, ju-rid / 'ik, -ical, a. Pert, to a judge; acting in the distribution of justice; used in courts of law. — Ju'risdic'tion, n. Legal pow- er or authority of determining causes ; power of governing or legislating, or of exercising au- thority ; limit within which pow- er may be exercised. — Juris- prudence, -proo'dens, n. The science of law; knowledge of the laws, customs, and rights of men in a state or community. Jurist. See under Just. Jury, ju'rf, n. (Law.) A body of men, selected and sworn to in- quire into and try any matter of fact, and to declare the truth of it on the evidence given them in the case; a committee for adjudg- ing prizes at a public exhibition, Jupon. etc. Jury-mast, ju'rY-mast, n. {Naut.) A temporary mast erected in a ship, to supply the place of one carried away. Just, just, a. Rendering, or disposed to render, to each one his due; conformed to fact, to the truth of things, to a proper standard, to reasonable expectations, etc. ; upright; impartial; righteous; equitable; true; fair; regular. — adv. Precisely; exactly; closely; nearly. — Justness, n. — Jus'tice, -tis, n. Quality of being just; the rendering to every one his due; conformity to truth and reality; fair representation of facts; just treatment ; merited reward or punishment ; equity; justness; one duly commissioned to hold courts, or to try and decide controversies and ad- minister justice. — Justiciar, -tish'l-ar, -ciary, -tish'I-a-rTf, n. A judge or justice; a lord chief jus- tice.— Ju'rist, n. One versed in the law, esp. in the civil law, or the law of nations. — Jus'tify, -tT-fT, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fying.] To prove or show to be just, or conformable to law, right, justice, propriety, or duty; to vindicate as right; to pronounce free from blame. {Theol.) To treat as just, though guilty and deserving punishment. (Print.) To form even or true lines of (type) by proper spacing; to ad- just, cause to fit.— Jus'tifi'able, a. Capable of being proved to be just; defensible; warrantable ; excus- able. — Jus'tiflca'tion, n. Act of justifying; vindi- cation ; defense ; state of being justified. (Law.) The showing of a sufficient reason in court why a party accused did what he is called to answer. (Theol.) The treating of sinful man as though he were just. — Jus'tifi'er, n. One who justifies ; one who pardons and absolves from guilt and punish- ment. Just, Joust, just, n. A mock encounter on horseback; a tilt; one of the exercises at tournaments. — v. i. To engage in a mock fight on horseback; to push, drive, jostle. Justle. See Jostle. Jut, jut, v. i. To shoot forward, project beyond the main body. — n. A shooting forward; projection. Jute, jut, n. A substance resembling hemp, used in manufacturing mats, coarse carpets, etc. ; also, the plant which produces it. Juvenile, ju've-nil, a. Young; youthful; pert, or suited to' youth. — n. A young person or youth.— Ju'venileness, -nil'ity, -t-tt, n. Youthfulness; man- ners or customs of youth.— Juvenes'cent, -nes'sent, a. Becoming young. Juxtaposit, juks-ta-poz'it, v. t. To place in close con- nection or contiguity. — Jux'taposi'tion, -zish'un, n. A placing or being placed in nearness or conti- guity. sun, cube, full ; moon, fo"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. K. K, ka, the 11th letter of the Eng. alphabet, is silent before n, but elsewhere has one invariable sound, like e hard. Kale, Kail, kal, n. A plant allied to the cabbage, culti- vated lor its curled or wrinkled leaves or "sprouts." — Kale'-yard, n. A kitchen garden. Kaleidoscope, ka-li'do-skop, n. An optical instrument ■which, by a change of position, exhibits its contents in a varietv of colors and symmetrical forms. Kalendar. See Calendar. Kalmia, kal'ml-a, n. An evergreen shrub, native to N. Amer., having corvmbs of showy flowers; laurel. Kanaka, ka-na'kC'i. A native of the South Sea isl- ands, e.-p. of the Sandwich Islands. Kangaroo, kan'ga-roo', n. A ruminating, marsupial animal of Australiaand the neighboring islands, having short fore legs, used only for digging, bringing food to the mouth, etc., and long hind legs, with which it makes enormous bounds. Kaolin, -line, ka'o-lin, n. (Min.) A variety of clay used for making porce- . ~" t lain. Karob, ka'rob, n. With goldsmiths, the 24th part of a grain. Kangaroo. Katydid, ka'tl-did, n. A broad-winged green grass- hopper, living in trees, — the males of which, at night, by means of membranes in their wing-covers, make a sound, resembling ka-ty-did. Kedge, kej, n. (Navt.) A small' anchor used to keep a ship steady when riding in a harbor or river, and esp. at the turn of the tide, to keep her clear of her bower anchor, — v. t. [hedged (kejd), kedgixg.] To warp, as a ship: to move by means of a kedge, as in a river. — Kedg'er, n. A kedge. Keel, kel, n. The principal timber in a shiD, extend- ing from stem to stern at the bortom, and supporting the whole frame : see Ship ; hence, a ship ; a low, flat-bottomed vessel, to convey coal ; a broad, flat vessel, lor cooling liquids; a keel- er. (not.) The 2 lowest petals of the co.-olla of a papilionaceous flower, inclosing the stamens and pistil. (Nat. Hist.) A projecting ridge along the middle of a flat or curving surface. — v. i. [k e e le n (keld), keeling.] To plow with a keel, navigate ; to t mi up the keel, show the bottom.— False keel. A strong timber bolted to the bottom of the keel, to protect it. — Keel'age, -e.j, n. Right of demanding a toll for a ship entering a harbor: dutv so naid.— KeeKer, n. A shallow tub for holdHtr materials for calking ships, or for other uses. — Keel'-boat, n. A large, covered boat, with a keel, bu" no sails, used on Amer. rivers fo. transporting freight; a low, flat- bottom.-d freight-boat. — Keel 'haul, v. t. [-hauled (-hu.vld), -hauling.] (Naut.) To haul under the keel of a ship, as a punishment, by ropes attached to the yard- arms on each side. — Keel'son, kel'sun, n. (Shii:-,uillina.) A piece of timber laid on the middle of the floor timbers over the a, Keelson; ft, Keel; c, False keel, and binding the Keel, floor timbers to the keel. Keeling, kel'ing, n. (Tchtli.) A kind of small cod. Keen, ken, a. Eager; vehement; sharp; having a line, Keel. (Bot.) cutting edge ; piercing; severe; acrimonious; acute of mind; penetrating: having mental acuteness. Keep, kep, v. t. [kept, keeping.] To cause to re- main in a given position, situation, or condition ; to maintain unchanged; to hold, retain in one's power or possession; to have in custod} r , take care of; to detain; to protect, guard, sustain;. to hide,; to attend upon ; to maintain (an establishment, institution, etc.); to conduct, manage ; to supply with necessaries of life, entertain; to maintain (an assistant, servant, horse, etc.); to continue in (a course of action); to adhere to, perform, observe, obey (duty, promise, command): to confine one's self toji remain in, haunt, frequent; to celebrate, solemnize.— v. i. To remain in any position or state, continue, stay; to last, en- dure; to reside for a time, dwell, —h. Act of keep- ing; custody; care; state of being kept: resulting condition; case; maintenance; support; that which keeps or protects; a stronghold; castle; esp. the strongest and securest part of a castle, the donjon: see Castle ; that which is kept or had in charge. — Keep'-sake, n. Anything kept, or given to be kept, for the sake of the giver; a token of friendship. Keeve, kev, n. A large vessel for fermenting liquors. {Mining.) A vat for dressing ores. — v. t. To set in a tub, for fermentation. Keg, keg, n. A small cask; barrel; cag. Kelp, kelp, n. Calcined ashes of sea-weed, from which carbonate of soda and iodine are made. (Bot.) The sea-weed yielding kelp. K9lt. Same as Celt. Ken, ken, v. t. [kenned (kend), -ning.] To know, understand; to recognize, descry. — n. Cognizance; view; esp. reach of sight or knowledge. Kennel, ken'nel, n. A house for dogs ; a pack of hounds ; the hole of a fox or other beast. — v. i. [kenneled (-neld), -neling.] To lodge, lie, dwell, — as a dog or fox. —v. t. To keep in a kennel. Kennel, ken'nel, n. A gutter ; puddle. Kennel-coal. See Cann el-coal. Keno, ke'no, n. A game played with numbered cards, and balls correspondingly numbered. Kentle. Same as Quintal. Kept. See Keep. Keramic. See Ceramic. Kerchief, ker'chif, n. A square of fine linen used by women to cover the head ; any cloth used in dress, esp. on the head. Kerf, kerf, n. A notch, slit, channel, or way through wood made by a saw or other cutting instrument. Kernel, ker'nel, ». A little grain or corn ; anvthing included in a shell, husk, or integument ; a' small mass around which other matter is concreted : nu- cleus ; central part of anything. Kerosene, ker'o-sen, n. A hydrocarbon illuminating oil. distilled from petroleum. Kersey. ker'zT, n. A coarse woolen cloth, usually ribbed, woven from long wool.— Ker'seymere,-iner, n. A thin, twilled cloth, generally of the finest wool; cissimere. Kestrel, kes'trel, n, A small, slender hawk, of a red- dish fawn color, spotted with white and black. Ketch, kech, n. A vessel with 2 masts, a main and mizzen-mast, usually from 100 to 250 tons burden. Ketchup. See Catchup. Kettle, ket'tl, n. A metallic vessel, with a wide mouth, used for heating water, etc. — Ket'tle-c'rum, n. A drum made of a copper vessel, usually hemi- spherical, or shaped like a kettle, covered with parchment ; an in- lormal afternoon or early eveniig partv. Key, ke, n. A portable instrument to .shut or open a lock, by moving or raising a bolt or tumbler, or one Kettle-drum. by' which anything is wound, screwed, turned, or am, fame, far, piss or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice s 5dd, tone, 6r ; KEY 215 KINNIKINIC Key-seat. tightened, as, a watch-/.-"", bed-icy, etc.; that which unlocks a secret or mystery, or discloses anything difficult, a solution, explanation; that which locks up and makes fast, as, (Arch.) a piece of wood let into another across the grain to prevent warping ; (Masonry.) the highest central stone of anarch, key- stone: or (Mech.) a piece of wood or metal, placed in coincident slots or mortises, to hold parts together; a wedge or cotter in a frame, chain, etc.; a fin, spline, feather, or wedge, fastening a wheel or crank upon a shaft. {Hits.) A lever of wood, ivory, or metal, in an organ, piano-forte, etc., pressed by the fingers in playing the instrument; the fundamental tone of a movement, key-note.— v. t. [keyed (ked), keying.] To fasten with* keys or wedge-shaped pieces of wood or iron. — Key'-board, n. (Mas.) The whole range of the keys 01 an organ or piano-forte. hole, n. A hole in a'door or lock, for receiving a key. (Carp.) An excavation in beams intended to be joined to- gether, to receive the key which fastens them. — -note, b. (Mux.) The tonic or first tone of the scale in which a piece is writ- ten. — seat, n. A rectangular groove, esp. in a wheel and shaft, to receive a key, so as to prevent one part trom turning on the other. — stone, n. (Arch.) The wedge- shaped stone on the top or middle of an arch or vault, which binds the work. Key, ke, n. An island rising little above the surface, as in the 'W. Indies ; a quay. Khalif. See Caliph. Khan, kawn or kan, ». A prince ; king ; chief, — so called among the Tartars. Khan, kan, n. An Eastern inn or caravansary. Khedive, ka-deV or ke'div, n. Governor, viceroy, — a title granted by the Sultan of Turkey to the ruler of Egypt, in IStkj. Kibe, kib, n. An ulcerated chilblain, as in the heels. Kick, kik, v. t. [kicked (kikt), kicking.] To strike, thrust, or hit violently with the toot. — v. i. To practice striking. with the foot; to thrust out the foot violently ; to manifest opposition ; to recoil, — said of a musket, etc. — n. A blow with the foot ; recoil of a fire-arm, when discharged. Kickshaw, kik'shaw, n. Something fantastic or un- common, or that has no particular name ; a fantas- tical dish. Kid, kid, n. A voung goat : a bundle of heath and furze : a small wooden tub or vessel, — applied, among seamen, to one containing food; leather made of kid skin; a glove of kid leather; among thieves, etc., a child. — Kid'nap, v. t. [-naped (-napt), -nap- in<; ] To steal and cany away or secrete (a man, woman, or child). Kiddle. kid'*dl, n. A kind of wear in a river for c itching fish, —corrupt, pron. kittle. Kidney, kid'nY, n. : pi. -neys, -niz. (Anat.) One of 2 oblong, flattened glands, at each side of the lum- bar vertebra;, and surrounded with fatty tissue, which constitute the secretory organs of the urine. Htbit; disposition; sort: kind; a waiting-servant. — Kid'ney-bean, n. (Hot.) A sort of bean, — shaped like the kidney.— /F Kid'ney-form, -shaped, -shapt, a. f'. \ Sii iped like, etc. A Kilderkin, kil'der-kin, n. A small \J^ birrel: a liquid measure containing v& 16 or IS gallons. Kill, kil, r\ t. [killed (kild), kill- ing.] To deprive of life, animal or vegetable ; to put to death, slav, ^ stro ^. to de P ri Y? ? f . "S^ 11 * Kidney-shaped Leaf. ties, appease, quell, c-ili Killikinick See Kinn ikinic Hillock, kil'lok, n. A wooden anchor for mooring a fishing boat at sea; in X. Eng., a small iron anchor. Kiln, kil. n. A large furnace or oven for calcining, vitrifying:, baking, burning, or drying anything; a pile of brick for burning or hardening.— Kiln'-dry, kil'dri, r. /. To dry in a kiln. Kilogram, kil'o-gram* ahbr. Kilo, ke'lo, n. A measure of weight, — 1,000 grains = 2.070.51 pounds troy, or 2.20485 pounds avoirdupois (15.4S2.31 grains). — Ki loliter, kY-loKi-ter or kiKo-li'ter, n. A measure of capacity = 1 cubic meter = 1,000 liters = 35.3166 Eng. or 35.3105 Amer. cubic feet, or 264.14 Amer. gallons of 231 cubic inches.— Kilometer, ki-lom'e-te'r o/-kil / '- o-me'tgr, n. A measure of length, — 1,000 meters = 3.280.800 Eng. or 3,280.709 Amer. feet, or .62135 of a mile. — Kiloster9, ke-lo-star', n. A measure of solid- ity or volume, — 1,000 cubic meters = 35,310.6 Eng., or 35,310.5 Amer. cubic feet. Kilt, kilt, j*. A short petticoat, worn by men in the Highlands of Scotland, and by children in the Low- lands. Kimbo, kim'bo, a. Crooked ; arched : bent. Kin, kin, n. Relationship, consanguinity, or affinity; relatives: kindred, — a. Of the same nature or kind; akin. — Klns'man, -woman, 11. One who is, etc.— Kind, kind, n. Race; genus; generic class; esp. one fixed by the laws of nature ; sort; nature: style; manner; character; native character. — a. Having feelings befitting a common nature ; esp., showing tenderness or goodness; disposed to do good; oblig- ing; indulgent; tender; good; gentle: friendly; lov- ing.— Kind'ly, -It, a. [-lieu, -liest.] Belonging to the kind or species; natural; kindred; sympathetic; disposed to do good: gracious; favorable; mild; gen- tle.— adv. In a kind manner; benevolently.— Kind''- liness. «. — Kind'ness, n. Quality of being kind; good will; benevolence; a kind act; act of good will. — Kind'-heart'ed, a. Having kindness of nature. — Kin'dred, n. Relationship by birth or marriage; consanguinity; kin: relatives by blood or marriage; relations.— a. Related; congenial; of like nature or properties. Kindergarten, kin-der-garfeu, n. A school for young children, where play is combined with study and especial attention is paid to object-teaching. Kindle, kin'dl, v. t. [-dled (-did), -dling.] To set on fire, light; to inflame, as the passions; to exasper- ate, rouse, provoke. — i'. i. To take tire; to begin to be excited: to grow warm or animated. — Kin'' dling, n. Act of, etc. 2)1. Materials easily lighted, tor start- ing a fire. Kine, kin, n. pi. Cows. — Kine'-pox, n. (Med.) Cow- pox, q. v. King, king, n. A sovereign: monarch; chief among competitors; a playing-card having the picture of a king; the chief piece in the game of chess; a crowned checkerman. pi. The title of 2 books in the Old Testament.— v. t. To supply with a king, make royal. — King'cup, n. The buttercup, q. v.— King / '- dom, -dum, n. Quality and attributes of a king; roval authority ; monarchy ; country subject to a king; one of the greatdivisionsin nat. hist, classifica- tion; a department. — King'fisher, n. A bird of sev- eral widely distributed genera, inhabiting borders of streams, and living on fish, which it takes by darting down on its prey in the water. — King'-bird, n. A small bird of N. Amer., the tyrant fly- catcher or bee-martin, — noted for its courage in driving larger birds from the vicinity of its nest. crab, n. A large crustacean, having the form of a horse's foot, with sharp, straight tail-spine ; horse-shoe crab. — kill'er.n. One who killsaking; aregicide.— -post, n. (Arch.) A beam in the frame of a roof, or any compound girder binding the tie-beam to the ridge.— King's Bench. {Law.) The highest court of common law in Eng., — so called because the kins; used to sit there in per- ' . son. — King's'-evil, n. A scrof u- A > King-post. Ions disease, formerly supposed to be healed by the touch of a king. Kink kink, n. A spontaneous twist or doubling upon itself of a rope or thread, which prevents its running freely; a crotchet; wh'm. — v.i. [kinked (kinkt), kinking.] To twist or knot spontaneously. Kianikinic, kin / ni-kl-nik r , n. A preparation for smok- ing used by the North American Indians, consisting of the bark and leaves of red sumac or red willow. Kingfisher. e&n, cube, full ; moon, i'dot ; cow,, oil ; linger or ink, then, botfbotf, chair, get. KINO 216 KNOW Kino, ki'no, n. An astringent extract of a deep brownish-red color, obtained from tropical trees. Kiosk, kT-osk/, n. A Turkish open summer-house, supported by pillars. Kip, kip, n. The skin of a young beast. — Kip'-skin, n. Leather prepared from the skin of young cattle, intermediate between calf-skin and cow-hide. Kipper, kip'per, v. t. [-peked (-perd), -pering.] To cure (fish) by means of salt and pepper, and by hanging up. — n. A salmon after spawning, also one split open, salted, and dried or smoked. Kirk, kerk,«. In Scot., aplace of worship; church; the established church in Scotland. Kirtle, ker'tl, n. An upper garment; gown; petticoat; short jacket. Kiss, kis, v. t. [kissed (kist), kissing.] To salute or caress with the lips: to buss; to touch gently. — v. i. To join lips, touch, meet. — n. A salute made by touching with the lips pressed closely together and suddenly parting them; a small piece of confection- ery. Kit, kit, n. A vessel of various kinds; esp., a wooden tub; that which comprises a necessary outfit, as of tools, necessaries, etc., as of a workman, soldier, etc. Kit. kit, n. A small violin or fiddle. Kitchen, kich'en, n. A room appropriated to cook- ery ; a utensil for roasting meat. Kite, kit, n. A rapacious bird of the hawk kind, dis- ting. fr. hawks and falcons by having a forked tail and long wings ; one who is rapacious ; a frame of wood cov- ered with paper, for flying in the air ; fic- titious commercial pa- per designed to de- ceive.— v.i. Lit., to fly a kite ; to raise money, j^ ite or sustain one's credit by the use of fictitious mercantile paper. Kith, kith, n. Acquaintances or friends. — Kith and kin. Intimate acquaintance and relations. Kitten, kit'tii, n. A young cat. — v. i. [kittened (-tnd), -tening.] To bring forth young, as a cat. Kleptomania, klep-to-ma'nf-a, n. A morbid impulse to steal; propensity to thievishness. Knab, nab, v. t. [knabbed (nabd), -bing.] To seize with the teeth, lay hold of. Knack, nak, n. A petty contrivance; toy; something requiring neat performance ; facility of perform- ance ; dexterity ; adroitness. Knacker, nak'er, n. A dealer in old horses for slaugh- ter, and in hoofs, dog"s meat, etc. Knap, nap, n. A protuberance; knob or button ; ris- ing ground ; a summit. Knap, nap, v. t. [knapped (napt), -ping.] To bite, bite off; to strike with a loud noise; to snap. — v. i. To make a short, sharp sound ; to snap. — Knap'sack, n. A case for food, clothing, etc., borne on the back by soldiers, travelers, etc. Knar, Knarl. See Gnarl. Knave, nav, n. A dishonest person; rascal: yiUiin, a playing-card marked with the figure of a servant or soldier, a jack. — KnaVery, -er-T, n. Dishon- esty ; petty villainy ; trickery ; mis- chievous practices. — Knav^ish, a. Like a knave ; villainous. Knead, ned, v. t. To work and press into a mass; esp., to work into a well-mixed mass, as the materials of bread. Knee, ne, n. (Anat.) The joint connecting the 2 principal parts of the leg. (Mech.) A piece of timber or metal with an angle in the shape of the bent knee. — Knee'-deep, a. Rising to the knees; sunk to the knees. — high, -hi, a. Rising or reaching upward to the knees. — -joint, n. {Much.) A joint consist- ing of 2 pieces butting on each other like the knee bent, so as to thrust with increasing power when pressed into a straight line; a toggle-joint. pan, n, (Anat.) The patella, — a flattened round Jbone on the front part of the knee-joint— Kneel, nel, v. i. [knelt (nelt) or kneeled (neld), kneeling.] To bend the knee, fall on the knees. Knapsack. Knight in full Armor. Knoll, nel, n. The stroke of a bell, rung at a funeral, or at the death of a person; a death-signal. — v. i. [knelled (neld), knelling.] To sound as a.knell, or as a warning or evil omen. Knew. See Know. Knickerbockers, nik'er-bok'erz, n. pi. Trousers end- ing at the knee, as worn in Holland, and now by sportsmen, young boys, etc. Knickknack, nik'nak, n. A trifle or toy ; bawble. KDife, nif, n. ; pi. Knives, nivz. A cutting instrument having a blade with a sharp edge and a handle. Knight, nit, n. A military attendant; a follower: a partisan; champion: lover; one admitted, in feudal times, to a certain military rank, with special ceremonies; in Eng., one on whom a dignity next below that of baronet is con- ferred by the sovereign, enti- tling him to be addressedas Sir; a piece in the game of chess, usually bearing a horse's head. — v. t. To dub or create a knight. — Knight'ly, -1Y, a. Pert, to, or becoming, a knight. — adv. In a manner becoming, etc. — K n i g h t'l i n e s s, n. — Knight'hood, -hdod, n. Char- acter, dignity, or condition of a knight ; the whole body of knights at a particular time. Knit, nit, v. t. [knit or knit- ted, -ting.] To form into a knot or into knots: to tie; to form, by the interlooping of yarn or thread in a series of ■ connected knots, by means oi ■ needles; to join, cause to grow together; to unite closely, con- nect; to draw together, con- tract. — v.i. To unite or weave anything by making knots; to be united closely.— Knot, not, n. A complication of threads, cords, or ropes, formed by tying, knitting, or entangling, which resists separation ; abond of union; connection ; something not easily solved; a difficulty; per- plexity; a figure, the lines of which are interlaced or intricately interwoven; a collection; band ; clique ; a joint in the stem of a plant; a hard place in wood caused by fibers passing transversely across the grain, as at the insertion of a branch; a protuberance. (Naut.) A division of the log-line, serving to measure the rate of the vessel's motion. A nautical mile of 6,086.7 ft. (Ornith.) A bird allied to the snipe. — v. t. To form a knot; to unite closely; to entangle; perplex. — v. i. To form knots or joints. — Knot'ty, -tY, a. [-tier, -tiest.] Having many knots; hard; rugged; diffi- cult; intricate; perplexed. Knives. See Knife. Knob, nob, n. A hard protuberance; bunch; round ball at the end of anything; a ball-shaped handle. Knock, nok, v. i. [knocked (nokt), knocking.] To strike or beat with something hard or heavy; to strike against, clash. — v. t. To strike, drive against; to strike for admittance, rap upon (a door, etc.) — n. A stroke with something heavy; a rap. Knoll. Same as Knell. Knoll, nol, n. The top or crown of a hill; esp., a little round hill or mount; a small elevation of earth. Knot, etc. See under Knit. Knout, nowt or noot, n. An instrument of punish- ment in Russia, with which stripes are inflicted on the bare back. — v. t. To punish with the knout. Know, no, v; t. [knew (nu), known (non), know- ing.] To be aware of as true or actual; to have mental cognition of ; to perceive or apprehend clearly; to be acquainted with; to recognize; to ac- Knots. , single knot ; 6, double knot ; c, figure of 8 knot ; d. over-hand knot; e, bowline knot. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; Odd, tone, 8r : KNUCKLE 217 LACTEAL knowledge, approve to have sexual commerce with.— v. i. To have knowledge, possess informa- tion; to take cognizance. — Knowing, p. a. Skill- ful; well-informed; intelligent. — Know'ingly, adv. With knowledge ; intelligently ; deliberately. — Knowledge, nol'ej, n. Act of knowing ; certain apprehension; that which is known; a cognition ; learning; scholarship; familiar- ity gained by actual experience; practical skill; information; no- tice; sexual intercourse. Knuckle, nuk'l, n. The joint of a finger, esp. when made pro- tuberant by closing the lingers; knee-joint, esp. of a calf. — v. i. [knuckled (-Id), -ling.] To submit in contest to an antag- onist; to yield, — said to be de- A < P in ; J rived from the old custom of spade-handle, striking the under side of a table when defeated in argument.— v. t. To beat or strike with the knuck- -'ill' fti - Knuckle-joint. thimble; C, les: — Knuckle-joint, w. (Mach.) A joint or hinge in which a projection on one part enters a recess on the other and is held by a pin on which both turn. Knur, Knurr, ner, Knurl, n. A contorted knot in wood; nodule ; protuberance ; hard substance ; a cross- grained fellow. Kobalt. Same as Cobalt. Kobold, ko'bold or kob'Sld, n. A kind of domestic spirit or elf among the Germans. Kopeck, ko^pek, n. A Russian coin worth about 2-3ds of a cent. Koran, ko'i-an or ko-ran', n. The sacred writings of the Mohammedans, —same as Alcoran. Kraal, kr'al or krawl, n. In S. Africa, a village; col- lection of huts; hut. Kreosote. Same as Creosote. Kreutzer, kroit'ser, n. A German coin of variable value, — less than a cent. Kyanise, ki'an-iz, v. t. [-ized (-Tzd), -izing.] To render proof against decav, as wood, bv steeping it in a solution of corrosive sublimate, or"other agent. L, el, the 12th letter of the Eng. alphabet, has only 1 sound, as in like, canal. In Eng. words, the termi- nating syllable le is unaccented and the e is silent, as in able, eagle, pronounced abl, egl. —L of a house. A wing, or part attached to the main build- ing; properly, a wing joined at right angles to the main building, giving it the shape of the letter L. La, lii. (Mus.) A syllable applied to the 6th tone of the scale for the purpose of solmization. La, law, interj. Look; see; behold. Labarum, lab'a-rum, n. The imperial standard adopt- ed by the Emperor Constantine after his conversion to Christianity. Label, la'bel, n. A narrow slip of paper, parchment, etc., affixed to anything, indicating its contents, ownership, etc.; any paper annexed to a will by way of addition, as a codicil. (Her.) A fillet with pendants or points, usually 3. (Goth. Arch.) A pro- jecting tablet or molding over doorways, windows, etc.; drip- stone. — v. t. [labeled (-beld), labeling.] To affix a label to. Labial, la'bY-al, a. Pert, or belong- ing to the lips. (Pron.) Uttered principally with the lips, as 6, m, and p. — n. {Pron.) A letter representing a sound formed chiefly with the lips. — La'biate, -at, -ated, a. (Pot.) Having the T limb of a tubular corolla or calyx Label. (Her.) divided into 2 unequal parts, one projecting over the other like the lips of a mouth. Labor, la'ber, n. Toil or exertion, physical or mental, esp. when fatiguing, irksome, or unavoidable; that which requires hard work for its accomplishment; drudgery; work; task; travail; the pangs and efforts of childbirth. — v. i. [labored (-berd), -boring.] To exert muscular strength, work, toil; to exert one's powers of mind; to take pains; to be oppressed with difficulties; to be in travail. (Naut.) To pitch and roll heavily, as a ship in a turbulent sea. — r. t. To work at; to form with toil, exertion, or care; to finish or prosecute with effort; to urge. — La'borer, -ber-er, n. One who labors in a toilsome occupation, esp. one requiring little skill. — Laborious, -bo'rl- us, a. Requiring or employing labor, perseverance, orsacrifices; toilsome; irksome; usingexertion; dili- fent; industrious. — La'borsome, -sum, a. (Naut.) nclined to roll or pitch, as a ship in a heavy sea. Laboratory, lab'o-ra-to-rT, n. A place for operations and experiments in chemistry, pyrotechny, etc. ; place where anything is prepared for use. Laburnum, la-ber'num, n. An Alpine tree, cultivated for its pendulous racemes of yellow flowers. Labyrinth, lab'T-rinth, n. A place full of intricacies, or formed with winding passages; any involved in- closure, or object or arrangement of involved form; an inextricable or bewildering difficulty; maze. Lac, lak, >;. A red, resinous substance produced by an insect, mainly upon the banyan tree, fr. which are made shellac, sealing-wax, varnishes, dyes, etc.; in the E. Indies, 100,000, — as, a lac of rupees. — Lac r - quer, Lack'er, n. A varnish for metals, etc., consist- ing of a solution of shellac in alcohol, colored by gamboge, saffron, etc.— v. t. [lacquered (-kerd), -quering.] To varnish with, etc. Lace, las, n. A string or cord for fastening; an orna- mental network of linen, silk, or cotton. — v. t. [laced (last), lacing.] To draw together with a lace or string; to adorn with lace; to variegate with stripes: to beat.— v. i. To have a lace; to be tied with a lace or string.— La'cing, n. A fastening with a cord through eyelet-holes; a cord used in fastening. Lacerate, las'er-at, v. t. To tear, rend, wound, sepa- rate bj r violence, injure, or afflict. Lache, lash, Laches, lash'ez, n. (Law.) ]S7egligence; remissness; neglect to do a thing at the proper time. Lachrymal, lakli-mal, a. Generating or secreting tears; pert, to, or conveying, tears. — Lach'rymose', -moV, a. Generating or shedding tears; tearful. Lacing. See under Lace. Lack, lak, r. t. [lacked (lakt), lacking.] To be desti- tute of, be in need of, want. — v. i. To be in want, be wanting, — n. Want: destitution; need; failure. Lackaday, lak'a-da', interj. Alas, —an expression of sorrow or regret.— Lackadaisical, -da'zl-kal, -dai'- sy, -zT, a. Affectedly pensive or sentimental. Lacker. Same as Lacquer, under Lac. Lackey, lak'T, n. ; pi. -eys, -iz. An attending serv- ant; servile follower. — v. t. To attend, wait upon. Laconic, la-kon'ik, a. Pert, to Laconica or its inhab- itants; expressing much in few words; brief; con- cise; pithy. — n. A concise, sententious method of speaking;'laconism; a concise phrase or expression. — Laconical, a. Same as Laconic— Laconically, adv. — Lac'onism, -izm, Laconlcism, -l-sizm, n. A concise manner of expression; laconic style: senten- tious phrase.— Lac'onize, v. i. [-nized (-ni'zd), -niz- ing.] To speak in a concise, sententious manner. Lacrosse, la-kros', n. An outdoor game, orig. of the Canadian Indians, played on ice or level ground, with balls and a wicker bat (crosse). Lacquer. See under Lac. Lacteal, lak'te-al, a. Pert, to, or resembling, milk ; milky. (Anat.) Conveying chyle. — n. One of the minute tubes which convey the chyle from the small intestine through the mesenteric glands to the thoracic duct— Lac'tate, n. (Client.) A salt formed stiri, eabe, full ; moon, iot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNbON, chair, get. LACUNA 218 LANCE Lacteals and Adjacent Parts. o, aorta; 6, thoracic canal; c, lym- phatic glands; rf. radicals of the chyliferous vessels ; e, intestine ; /, mesentery ; g, lacteals. by the union of lac- tic acid, or acid of milk, with a base. — Lacta'tion, n. Act of giving suck, or time of suckling: se- cretion or excretion of milk.— Lac'tean, a. Milky; resem- bling, or consisting of, milk; conveying chyle. — Lac'teous, -te"-us, a. Milky; re- sembling milk; lac- teal, conveying chyle. -Lactes'- cence, -sens, n. Ten- dency to milk; milk- iness or milk3 T color. {Bot.) The juice, commonly white, which flows from some plants when wounded. — Lactes'- cent, a. Producing milk or white juice ; abounding with a thick, colored juice. — Lactone eter, n. An instrument for ascer- taining the proportion of cream in milk; galactom- eter; a kindof hydrometer for ascertaining the value of milk by noting its specific gravity. Lacuna, la-ku'na, n. ; pi. -nm, -ne. A small opening, pit, or depression; blank space ; vacancy; hiatus. {Bot.) The small pit or cup-shaped depression in the top of the thallus of some lichens: a vacant space between the cells of plants; an air-cell. {Anat.) A small cavity or sac in a mucous membrane. Lacustral, Lacustrine. See under Lake. Lad, lad, n. A young man, or boy; stripling; fellow: comrade. Ladanum, lad'a-num, n. A gum-resin of a dark color and pungent odor, used as an external stimulant. Ladder, lad'dgr, n. A frame of wood, rope, etc., con- sisting of 2 side-pieces, connected by rounds, form- ing steps by which persons may ascend; that which resembles a ladder in form or use; that by means of which one attains to eminence. Lade, lad, v. t. [itnp. laded ; p. p. laded, laden ; lading.] To load ; to put on or in, as a burden or freight ; to throw in or out, as a fluid, with a ladle ; to dip.— Lading, n. That which lades or constitutes a load or cargo; freight; burden. — La'dle, -dl, n. A cup with a long handle, used in lading or dipping; the float of a mill-wheel. ( Gun.) An instrument for drawing the charge of a cannon.— v. t. [ladled (-did), -dling.] To use a ladle for dipping or draw- ing out. Lady, la'dY, n. A mistress : the female head of a household ; a woman of social distinction or posi- tion; the feminine corresponding to lord ; a woman of gentle or refined manners ; a wife, or spouse. — La'dyship, n. Rank or position of a lady, — used as a title. — La'dy bird, -bug, n. (Entom.) A small, hemispherical, spotted beetle, feeding on plant-lice. Lag, lag, a. Slow; tard3 T ; last; long-delayed. — n. One who tags ; that which comes in last ; the fag-end ; rum p ; lowest class ; amount of retardation of anything, as a valve in a steam-engine.— v. i. [lagged (lagd), -ging.] To walk or move slowly, stay behind, loiter, linger, delay. — v. t. To cover (a steam-boiler, etc.). to prevent radiation of heat. — Lag'gard, a. Slow; sluggish; backward. — n. One who, etc. — Lag'ger, n.— Lag'ging, ». The nonconducting covering of a steam-boiler; timber of a shaft in mines; planking over centering of arches and tunnels. Lager-beer, la'ger-ber, n. A German beer. Lagoon, la-goon', n. A creek, shallow pond, or lake, esp. one into which the sea flows ; lake in a coral island. Laic, Laical. See under Lay, a. Laid. See Lay, v. t. Lain. See Lie. Lair, lar, n. A place in which to lie or rest; esp. the bed of a wild beast; any couch or resting-place. Laird, ISrd, n. In Scot., a lord : a landholder under the degree of a knight or squire. Laity. See under Lay, a. Lake, lak, n. A large collection of water surrounded by land.— Lacus'tral, -trine, -trin, a. Pert, to lakes or swamps. Lake, lak, n. A deep-red coloring matter, consisting of aluminous earth and cochineal or other red sub- stance; a compound of animal or vegetable coloring matter and a metallic oxide. Lamb, lam, n. The young of the sheep kind ; one as innocent and gentle as a lamb. — v. i. To bring forth lambs, as sheep. Lambent, lam'bent, a. Playing on the surface; touch- ing lightly; gliding over; twinkling or gleaming. Lambrequin, lam'ber-kin, n. A covering for a knight's helmet, protecting it from heat, moisture, etc.; orna- mental drapery hanging from a window casing, a shelf, etc. Lame, lam, or. Crippled or disabled in a limb, or | otherwise injured so as to be unsound and impaired in strength ; imperfect ; not satisfactory ; hobbling; not smooth. — v. t. [lamed (lamd), laming.] To make lame, cripple, render imperfect and unsound. Lament, la-ment', v. i. To weep or wail, mourn; to feel deep regret or sorrow. — v. t. To mourn for, bemoan, deplore, bewail. — n. Grief expressed in complaints or cries ; lamentation: an elegy. — Lam'- entable, a. To be lamented; sorrowful; expressing grief; lifted to awaken lament; pitiable; miserable; pitiful; low; poor.— Lam'entably, adv.— Lamenta'- tion, n. Act of bewailing ; expression of sorrow. Lamina, lam'T-na, n. ; pi. -sje, -ne. A thin plate or scale; a layer lying over another. {Anat.) A bone, or part of a bone, resembling a thin plate. {Bot.) The blade of a leaf. Lammas, lam'mas, n. The 1st day of August. Lammergeir, lanV'mer-glr, -geyer,"-gi-er, n. A vulture of the Eastern hemis phere, having the neck ' covered with feathers like true eagles, and seeking living animals for food as well as car- rion. Lamp, lamp, n. A ves- sel for producing arti- ficial light or heat by means of a wick satu- rated withinflammable liquid ; whatever yields Lamp '-black, n. A black pigment of fine charcoal deposited from smoke of burning oil, resinous sub- stances, etc. Lamper-eel. Same as Lamprey. Lampoon, lam-poon'', n. A personal satire in writing. — v. t. [lampooned (-poond'), -pooning.] To abuse in written satire: to libel, calumniate, lash. Lamprey, lam'pre, n. An eel-like fish, having a round, sucking mouth, set with numerous minute teeth. Lanate, la'nat, -nated, a. Woolly. {Bot.) Covered with a substance like curled hairs. — Laniferous, -er-us, -nig'erous, -nij'er-us, a. Bearing or produ- cing wool. — La 'nary, -na-rT, n. A store-place for wool. Lance, lans, n. A weapon consisting of a long shaft and metal point ; spear : a soldier armed with a spear; lancer.— v. t. [lanced (lanst), lancing.] To pierce with a lance; to open with a lancet; to throw m the manner of a lance. — Lan'cer, n. — Lance'wood, n. A light, tough, elastic tim- ber fr. the W. Indies.— Lan'ceolate, -se-o-lat, -lated, a. (Bot.) Oblong and gradually tapering toward the outer extremity. — Lan'- cet, -set, n. A surgical in- strument, sharp-pointed and two-edged, used in ve- nesection, and in opening tumors, abscesses, etc. {Arch.) A hijrh and narrow window pointed like a lancet. — Lan'cinating, -si- nat-ing, a. Acute darting (pains), as if fr. the thrust of a lancet. — Lanch, v. t. [lanciied (lancht), lanch- Lancet Window. Lammergeir. light or cheerfulness. — am, fame, far, pass or- opera, fare ; gnd, eve, term j Tn, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r ; LAND 219 LARVA ing.] To throw, as a lance, dart; to pierce with a lance. Land, land, n. Earth, or the solid matter constituting the surface of the globe ; any portion of the surface of the globe, considered as belonging to an individ- ual or people : ground ; soil ; inhabitants of a re- gion ; the main land, disting. from an adjacent island ; the ground or floor. {Law.) Any earth whatso- ever; real estate. — v. t. To set on shore, disembark, debark. — v. i. To go on shore from a vessel, dis- embark.— Landing, n. Act of, or place for, going or putting onshore from a. vessel; platform of a rail- road station. {Arch.) The level floor at the end of a flight of stairs, or a resting place between 2 flights. — Land'ing-place, n. A landing. — Landless, a. Having no property in land.— Land' ward, adv. To- ward the land. — Land'fall, n. A sudden transfer- ence of property in land by the death of its owner. (Naut.) The first land discovered after a voyage. — Landlady, n. A woman who has tenants holding from her; mistress of a lodging-house. — Land'lock, v. t. To inclose or encompass by land.— Landlord, n. The lord of a manor or of land ; the owner of land or houses who has tenants under him; master of an inn or lodging-house. — Land'mark, n. A mark to designate the boundary of land ; any fixed and known object or prominent feature of a local- ity ; a striking historical event. {Naut.) Any ele- vated object on land that serves as a guide to sea- men. — Landscape, -skap, n. A portion of land which the eye can comprehend in a single view ; a picture exhibiting somejreal or fancied scene in na- ture. — Land'grave, -grav, n. A German nobleman of the rank of an Eng. earl or French count. — Land'- gravine, -ven,w. "Wife of, etc. Landau, lan'do, n. A kind of coach whose top may be thrown back. Lane, Ian, n. A narrow way, road, street, alley, or private passage; passage between lines of people standing on each side. Language, lan'gwej, n. Human speech; expres- sion of ideas by the voice, by writing, or other in stru- mentality; forms of speech peculiar to a particular nation; characteristic mode of arranging words pe- culiar to an individual speaker or writer; style; ideas suggested by inanimate objects; a nation, as disting. by their speech ; tongue ; idiom ; dialect. Languish, lan/gwish, v. i. [-guished (-gwisht), -guishing.] To become languid or weak; to suffer, as from heat or drought; to grow dull, pine, droop, faint; to look with tenderness. — n. Act or condition of, etc. ; tender look or appearance. — Lan'guor, -gwSr, n. State of being languid; lassitude; dullness of the intellectual faculty ; listlessness. — Lan'guid, -gwid, a. Drooping from exhaustion; indisposed to exertion; slow in progress ; promoting or indicating weakness; faint; heavy ; dull; weary; without ani- mation. Laniard. Same as Lanyard. Laniferous, Lanigerous. .See under Lanate. Lank, lank, a. Loose or lax, and yielding to pressure; thin and slender; not plump; not full and firm. Lantern, lan'tern, n. A portable or fixed transparent case inclosing a light, and protecting it from wind, rain, etc.; upper part of a lighthouse. {Arch.) A little dome over the roof of a building to give light; an open tower. {Mach.) A trundle wheel. — Dark lantern. A lantern with a single opening, which may be closed to conceal the light. Lanyard, lan'yard, n. {Naut.) A short piece of line for fastening something in ships. {Mil.) A piece of twine, with an iron hook at one end, used in fir- ing cannon with a friction-tube. Lap, lap, n. The loose part of a coat ; part of the clothing that lies on the knees when one sits down; part of the body thus covered; part of any sub- stance which extends over or lies upon another; an edge; border; hem. {Mach.) A piece of soft metal, used to hold a cutting or polishing powder in cut- ting glass, gems, etc., or in polishing cutlery, etc. — v. t. [lapped (lapt), -ping.] {Mach.) To cut or Landau. polish (glass, etc.) with a lap. —v. i. To extend over or upon ; to lay partly over something else. — Lap'- ful, -f ul, n. As'much as the lap can contain.— Lap'- stone,'n. A stone for the lap, on which shoemakers beat leather. — Lap'dog, n. A small dog held in the lap. — streak, a. Made with boards whose edges lap one over another. — Lapel', n. That part of a coat which is made to fold over. — Lap'pet, n. Part of a garment, etc., hanging loose; a flap. Lap, lap, v. t. [lapped (lapt), -ping.] To fold, wrap, or twist round; to infold, involve. — v. i. To be spread or laid on or over; to be turned over or upon. Lap, lap, v. i. To take up food or drink with the tongue; to make a sound like that produced by tak- ing up drink with the tongue. — v. t. To take with the tongue, lick up. Lapidary, lap'i-da-ri, n. An artificer who cuts, pol- ishes, and engraves precious stones; a dealer in, or virtuoso skilled in gems, etc. — a. Pert, to the art of cutting stones. Lapse, laps, n. A gliding, slipping, or gradual falling; unobserved progress or passing away; a slip; error; failing in duty. {Eccl. Law.) Omission of a patron to present a clerk to a benefice within 6 months after it becomes void. — v. i. [lapsed (lapst), lap- sing.] To pass silently or by degrees, glide, slip; to commit a fault, deviate from rectitude, fail in duty; to pass from one proprietor to another, by the negli- gence or failure of some one. {Law.) To become ineffectual or void. Lapsided, lop'sid-ed, «. Same as Lopsided. Lapwing, lap' wing, n. A wading bird of the plover family found on the sea- coast and on marshy moors in Eng. ; the pewit. Lar, lar, n. ; pi. Lares, la'rez. {Rom. Antiq.) A household deity, regard- , ed as the soul of a de- ceased ancestor. Larboard, lar'berd, n. {Naut.) The left-hand side of a ship (looking toward the prow) ; port. Larceny, lar'se-ni, n. {Law.) Unlawful taking of others' property ; theft. — Lar'cenous, -se-nus, a. Of the nature of, or given to, etc. Larch, larch, n. A coniferous tree, having deciduous leaves, in whorls or clusters. Lard, lard, n. The fat of swine, melted and separated from the flesh. — v. t. To smear or mix with lard ; to grease; to fatten, enrich ; to mix with something by way of improvement ; to interlard. — Larda 1 *- ceous, -shus, a. Consisting of, or resembling, lard. — Lard'er, n. A room where food is stored; pantry. — Lard'erer, n. One in charge of the larder. Lares. See Lar. Large, larj, a. Having great size, wide, extensive,— said of surface or area ; abundant, plentiful, — of quantity ; numerous, populous, bulky, huge, — of size; diffuse, full, — of language, style, etc. ;liberal, comprehensive, — of the mind; generous, noble, — of the heart or affections. — Lar'gess, n. A present; gift; donation. — Lar'go, a. {Mus.) Slowly. — Lar- ghet'to, -get'to, a. {Mus.) Somewhat slowly, but not so slowly as largo. Lariat, lar'Y-at, n. A long rope or cord for picketing horses in camp, also used as a lasso. Lark, lark, n. A migratory singing bird of several species, having a long, straight hind claw, strong bill, and erectile crest; esp. the skylark or laverock. — r. ?'. [larked (larkt), larking.] To catch hirks. — Lark'spur, n. A plant with showy blue, red, or white flowers ; delphinium. Lark, lark, n. A frolic; a jolly time. — v. i. To make sport, frolic. Larrup, lar'rup, v. t. To beat or flog. Larum, lar'um, n. An alarm; anything to give an alarm or notice. Larva, lar'va, n. ; pi. -vje, -ve. An insect in the first stage after leaving the egg; a caterpillar, grub, or maggot. — Lar'vatdd, a. Masked ; clothed as with a mask. — Larve, larv, n. Same as Larva. Lapwing. sun, cube, full ; moon, fo"ot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. LARYNX 220 LAtfO Larynx, larlnks, n. (Anat.) The upper part of the trachea or windpipe, Constituting the or^ A. gan of voice. — Lar- yngeal, lar'in-je'al or Ia-rin / 'je-al, -gean, a. Pert, to the larynx -got'o-mi, n. (Surg.) ^ § 'Utt cr cn Larynx. view of larynx; B, section £ larynx; h, hyoid bone ; tJi, thy- oid cartilage ; ar, arytenoid car- ilage ; cr, cricoid cartilage ; tr, rachea ; t, tongue ; si, superior ocal cord; ir, interior vocal cord ; , ventricle. ; lewd ; lustful; tending to -got'o-ml, n. (S< Operation of cutting into the larynx, from the outside of the neck, to assist respi- ration when ob- struct e d, or to re- move foreign bodies. Lascar, las'kar or las- A later . kar', n. In E.Indies, f lan a native sailor, em- roid c ployed in European tilage vessels; a camp fol- ( lower. Lascivious, las-siv'T- ' us, a. Loose ; wanton produce lewd emotions. Lash, lash, n. The thong of a whip; a whip; scourge; cord; string; a stroke with a whip; stroke of satire or sarcasm; cut. — v. t. [lashed (lasht), lashing.] To strike with a lash, whip, scourge; to satirize; to throw up with a sudden jerk; to dash against; to tie or bind with a rope or cord. — v. i. To ply the whip, make a severe attack. Lass, las, n. A young woman; girl. Lassitude, las'sT-tud, n. State of being relaxed or weak; languor of body or mind; weariness. Lasso, las'so, n. ; pi. -sos, -soz. A rope or long leather thong with a running noose, for catching wild horses, etc. Last, Lastly. See under Late. Last, last, n. A foot-shaped block, on which boots or shoes are formed. Last, v. i. To continue in time, endure; to continue unimpaired, hold out.— Lasting, p. a. Of long con- tinuance ; that may continue or endure ; durable ; permanent. — n. A very durable woolen stuff.— Lastingly, adv. Durably; with continuance. Last, n. A load; a weight or measure, varying as to different articles, but estimated at 4,000 lbs.; the burden of a ship. Latakia, lat-a-ke'a, n. A superior quality of Turkish smoking tobacco, grown near Latakia, the ancient Laodicea. Latch, lach, n. A movable catch for fastening a door orgate. (Naut.) A latching, — v. t. [latched (lacht), latching.] To catch or fasten by means of a latch. Latchet, lach'et, n. The string, thong, or fastening of a shoe or sandal. — Latching, n. (Naut.) A loop on the head rope of a bonnet, by which it is con- nected with the foot of the sail. Late, lat, a. [later or latter, latest or last.] Coming after others, or after the proper time; slow; tardy; far advanced towards the end; existing not long ago, but not now; deceased; out of office; hap- pening not long ago; recent, — adv. After the usual time, or time appointed; not long ago; lately; far in the night, week, etc. — Lately, adv. Not long ago; recently.— Late'ness, n. — Lat'6r, a. Poste- rior ; subsequent. — Lat'ter, latler, a. More re- cent; mentioned the last of 2; lately past; modern; final. — Latter-day Saint. A Mormon. — Laf terry, adv. Lately; of late. — Latlsh, latlsh, a. Some- what late. — Lafest, a. Longest after the proper time; tardiest; last; most recent. — Last, a. Follow- ing all the rest; final; closing; hindmost; next before the present; incapable of being increased or sur- passed; utmost; most unlikely; having least fitness. ■—adv. The last time; the time before the present; in conclusion; finally; after all others in order or time. — Lastly, adv. In the last place; finally. Lateen-sail, la-ten r sal, n. (Naut.) A triangular sail, extended by a long yard, — used in small boats, fe- luccas, xebecs, etc., esp. in the Mediterranean. Latent, lalent, a. Notvisible orapparent; hid; secret; dormant. —Latent heat. (Physics.) That portion of heat in any body which cannot be discerned by touch or by thermometer, but which becomes sensi- ble heat during certain changes in the body. Lateral, lafer-al, a. Proceeding from, or attached to, the side; directed to the side. — Lat'erally, adv. By the side ; sidewise ; in the direction of the side. Lath, lath, n. ; pi. Laths, lathz. A thin, narrow board, or strip of wood to support tiles, covering, or plastering.— Lath, lath, v. t. [lathed (lathd), lath- ing.] To cover or line with laths. — Lathing, n. A covering of, or process of covering with, etc. — Latb/y, lath'!, o. Thin as a lath; long and slender. Lathe. A, shears or framing ; B, lead-sere pound rest ; F, face-plate ; L, Lathe, lath, n. (Mach.) A machine-tool in which » revolving piece of wood, metal, etc., may be shaped by a cutting instrument ; the movable swing-frame of a loom. Lather, lath'er, v. i. [-ered (-erd), -ering.] To form a foam with water and soap ; to become frothy. — v. t. To spread over with lather, —n. Foam made by soap moistened with water ; froth from profuse sweat, as of a horse. Latin, latin, a. Pert, to the Latins, a people of La- tium, in Italy; Roman; pert, to, or composed in, the language used by the Romans or Latins. — n. A na- tive or inhabitant of Latium ; the language of the ancient Romans. Latitude, lat'I-tud, n. Extent from side to side, or distance sidewise from a given point or line; breadth; width; space; looseness; laxity; independence; ex- tent of signification, application, etc.; extent of de- viation from a standard, as truth, style, and the like ; amplitude; scope. (Astron.) Angular distance of a heavenly body from the ecliptic. (Geog.) Distance of any place on the globe from the equator. — Lat'- itud iiia'rian, a. Not restrained ; not confined by precise limits; lax in religious principles or views. — n. One who, etc. (Theol.) One who departs from the strict principles of orthodoxy ; in Eng., one of the Broad Church party. — Lat / itud / ina /, naiiism ! n. A latitudinarian system or state ; freedom of opinion in religious matters ; laxity of doctrine. Latten, laften, n. A fine kind of brass or bronze, used in the middle ages ; metal in thin sheets, as sheet tin; iron plate, covered with tin; milled brass. Latter, Latterly. See under Late. Lattice, laftis, n. Work made by crossing laths, rods, or bars, and form- ing a net-work ; , anything made of strips interwoven so as to form net- work; esp., a win- d o w or window- blind.— v. t. [-TICED (-tist), -TICING.] To form into open work ; to furnish with a lattice. Laud, lawd, n.. A eu- logy; praise; com- mendation ; that part of divine wor- ship which consists — v. t. To praise, Lattice Window. extol. — Laud'able, a. Praiseworthy; commendable ; healthy.— Laud r - ableness, n. — Laud'ably, adv. — Lauda'tion, n. Commendation ; praise. — Laud'atory, -to-ri, a. Containing or expressing praise. — n. That which, etc. *m, fame, far, pass or opera, fare; 6nd, eve, term ; in, Ice ; 8dd, tone, 6r ; LAUDANUM 221 LAZZARONI Laudanum, law'da- or lod'a-num, re. A strong tinc- ture or alcoholic solution of opium. Laugh, laf, v. i. [laughed (lalt), laughing.] To ex- press mirth, derision, or satisfaction by the coun- tenance or voice; to appear gay, lively, or brilliant.— v. t. To express by laughing ; to ridicule or deride. — re. An expression of mirth, etc., peculiar to the human species ; laughter.— Laugh'able, a. Fitted to excite laughter ; droll; ludicrous; comical.— Laugh'"- ing-gas, re. (Chem.) Nitrous oxide, or protoxide of nitrogen, —which ordinarily produces exhilaration when inhaled. — stock, re. An object of ridicule. — Laugh'ter, laf 'ter, re. An involuntary movement of the muscles of the face, or expression of the eyes, indicating merriment, satisfaction, etc., and usually attended by a sonorous and interrupted expulsion of air from the lungs. Launch, liinch, v. t. [launched (lancht), launching.] To cause to slide from the land into the water; to send forth or dispatch; to throw (a spear or dart). — v. i. To go forth, as a ship into the water; to expa- tiate in language. — re. The sliding of a ship from the land into the water. (Naut.) The largest size of boat belonging to a ship. Laundry, Laundress. See under Lave. Laurel, law'rel, n. A flowering shrub or tree of sev- eral genera and many species: the Laurus nobilis, or sweet bay, with which heroes, poets, and scholars were formerly crowned, is an evergreen shrub of Africa and Europe, with aromatic leaves and purple berries : the mountain laurel, sheep laurel, and swamp laurel are handsome but poisonous species of kalmia. (pi.) A laurel crown; honors. — Lau'reate, -re-at, a. Decked or invested with laurel. — Poet laureate. In Eng., an officer of the royal household, orig. retained to compose odes for the king's birth- day and other state occasions. Lave, lav, v. t. [laved (lavd), laving.] To wash, bathe, — v. i. lo wash one's self . — La'ver, re. A vessel for washing. (Script. Hist.) A large brazen vessel in the tabernacle or temple, to hold the water in which the priests washed their hands and feet and the sacrificial animals.— Lavatory, laVa-to-rT, a. Washing, or cleansing by washing. — re. A place for washing ; a wash or lotion for a diseased part ; place where gold is obtained by washing.— Laundry, Ian'drY, re. A washing ; place where clothes are washed and done up. — v.'t. To wash and iron (clothes). — Laun'derer, -der-er, re. A man who washes clothes. — Laun'dress, re. A washerwoman. — Lav'ender, re. An aromatic plant which yields an oil used in medicine and perfumery. — Lava, la'va or la/va, re. Melted rock ejected by a volcano. Lavish, lav'ish, a. Expending profusely, excessively, or foolishly; unrestrained; prodigal; extravagant.— v. t. [lavished (-isht), -ishing.J To bestow with profusion, expend prodigally, squander. [Fr. obs. E. lave, to pour out (water); not s. rt. lave, to wash.] — Lavishly, adv. — Lav'ishment, re. State of being lavish; profuse expenditure. — Lav'ishness, re. Law, law, n. A rule of conduct established by au- thority ; statute; regulation ; edict; decree ; the ap- pointed rules of a community or state, for the con- trol of its inhabitants ; established usage; a rule, principle, or maxim of science or art ; the Jewish or Mosaic code, disting. fr. the gospel; hence, the Old Testament ; litigation; legal science; jurisprudence. (Nature.) The regular method or sequence by which certain phenomena follow certain conditions or causes, etc. ; any force, tendency, propension, or instinct, natural or acquired. (Morality.) The will of God, as the supreme moral ruler, concerning the conduct of all responsible beings. — Law'ful, -fill, a. Agreeable, conformable to, or allowed by, law; com- petent; constituted by law: legal; constitutional; le- gitimate; rightful. — Law'fuliy, adv. In accordance with law, legally. — Lawfulness, re. — Lawless, a. Not subject to, or unrestrained by, the law of mo- rality or of society; contrary to, or unauthorized by, the civil law; not subject to the laws of nature. — Lawlessly, adv. — Lawlessness, re. — Lawgiver, re. One who makes or enacts a law ; a legislator. — Law'suit, re. A process in law instituted for the re- covery of a supposed right or to obtain justice ; an action. — Law'-book, re. A book containing, or treat- ing of, laws. — maker, re. A legislator ; a lawgiver. — Law'yer, re. One versed in the laws, or a practi- tioner of law, — a general term comprehending at- torneys, counselors, solicitors, barristers, sergeants, and advocates. Lawn, lawn, re. An open space between woods ; a smooth space of ground covered with short grass, generally around a house. — Lawn'y, -T, a. Level ; like a lawn.— Lawn'ten'nis, re. A variety of the game of tennis played upon an open lawn instead of in a tennis-court. Lawn, lawn, re. A sort of fine linen or cambric, used esp. for parts of the official robes of a bishop; the official dress itself. — Lawn'y, a. Made of lawn. Lax, laks, a. Not tense, firm, or rigid; flabby; soft; not tight; sparse; not crowded; of loose texture; easy or indulgent in principles or discipline; having too frequent alvine discharges; slack; unrestrained; dissolute; licentious. — re. A looseness; diarrhea. — Laxa'tion, re. Act of loosening, or state of being loose or slackened. — Lax'ative, -tiv, a. (Med.) Having the quality of loosening or opening the in- testines. — re. A medicine which, etc.; a gentle pur- gative.— Lax'ity, -1-ti, -ness, re. State or quality of being lax, — as, slackness (of a cord) ; looseness (of a texture) ; want of exactness or precision ; want of due strictness ; looseness (of the intestines) ; open- ness. — Laxly, adv. Lay, imp. of Lie, q. v. Lay, la, v. t. [laid (lad), laying.] To cause to lie flat or to lie against something else ; to put down; to establish firmly; to beat down, prostrate; to place in order, arrange regularly; to make ready, provide; to spread on a surface ; to calm, appease, allay ; to pre- vent (a spirit) from manifesting itself ; to deposit (a wager), stake; to bring forth and deposit (eggs); to apply, put; to assess (a tax), impose (a burden, suf- fering, or punishment) ; to charge (origin of, or re- sponsibility for) ; to enjoin (a duty) ; to present or offer. (Naut.) To depress and lose sight of, by sailing, or departing from. (Law.) To state, allege.— v. i. To produce eggs. (Naut.) To take a position; to come or go.— re. lhat which lies, or is laid; a row ; stratum; layer; a portion of the proceeds of labor, etc., under- taken on shares. ( Weaving.) A swinging frame in a loom, which lays the weft-threads parallel to each other against the cloth previously woven. — Lay'er, la'er, re. One who, or that which, lays ; thing laid, as, a stratum, bed, body spread over another; a course, as of bricks, stones, etc. ; a shoot or ■ twig of a plant, not de- tached from the stock, laid under ground for growth or propagation.— Lay'ering, re. Propagation of plants by layers. Lay, la, re. A song; a species of narrative poetry among the ancient minstrels. Lay, la, a. Pert, to the laity or people, as distinct fr. the clergy or from the members of a learned pro- fession; not clerical. —Lay^man, re. ; pi. -men. One of the people, disting. fr. the clergy ; also, one who does not belong to one of the other learned profes- sions, disting. fr. one who does. — La'ic, a. Pert, to the laity. —re. A layman. — La'ity, -l-tl, re. The people, disting. from the clergy. Lay-figure, la'fig'ur, re. A jointed figure of wood or cork, used as an artist's model. Lazar, la'zar, re. One infected with a pestilential dis- ease.— Laz'aret', -ret' to, La'zar-house, re. A hos- pital or pest-house for the reception of diseased per- sons. — Laz'zaro'ni, -nt, n. pi. The beggars and homeless idlers of Naples, — so called fr. the hospital of St. Lazarus. Lazuli, laz'u-li, re. (Min.) A fine azure-blue amor- phous silicate of sodium, calcium, and aluminium, valued for ornamental work, — called also lapis laz- uli and ultra-marine. Lazy, la'zl, a. [-zier, -ziest.] Disinclined to exer- tion; moving slowly; sluggish; idle; slothful. Lazzaroni. See under Lazar. Layers sun, cube, full ; moon, f(56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get, LEA 222 LEAVE Lea, Ley, le, n. A meadow or sward land ; a grassy- field. Leach, lech, v. t. [leached (lecht), leaching.] To remove the soluble constituents from any material (as alkali from ashes) by causing water or other sol- vent to slowly pass through it. — v. i. To part with soluble constituents by percolation.— re. A quantity of wood-ashes, through which water passes, imbib- ing the alkali ; a vat, chamber, or tub for leaching ashes, bark, etc. Lead, led, n. A heavy, soft, bluish-gray metal, easily- fusible and ductile; an article made of lead, — as, a plummet, for sounding at sea; (Print.) a thin plate of type-metal, to separate lines in printing ;. a small cylinder of black lead or plumbago, used in pencils; 6heets of lead covering roofs ; a roof covered with lead-sheets. — v. t. To cover, or fit, with lead. (Print.) To widen (space between lines) by insert- ing leads. E©"" This paragraph is leaded. Lead'ed, p. a. Fitted with, or set in, lead. (Print.) Separated by leads, as the lines of a page. — Lead'- en, led'n, a. Made of lead ; heavy ; indisposed to action ; dull. — Lead'ing, n. Lead, or leaden articles collectively. — Lead'-pen'cil, n. An instrument for drawjng, made of black lead or plumbago. Lead, led, v. t. [led, leading.] To show the way to, guide in a way; to guide by the hand, as a child or animal; to direct, as a commander, govern; to intro- duce by going first, precede; to draw, allure, influ- ence; to pass, spend; to cause to pass or spend. — v. i. Togo before and show the way; to conduct, as commander ; to have precedence or preeminence ; to put forth, or exercise, a tendency or influence. — n. Precedence ; guidance ; a navigable opening or lane in an ice-field ; a lode. — Lead'er, n. One who, or that which, etc. ; a guide ; conductor ; esp. one who goes first ; a commander ; the chief of a party or faction. (Mus.) A performer who leads a hand or choir, also, in an orchestra, the performer on the principal violin; the leading editorial article in a newspaper; a horse placed in advance of others, or one of a forward pair; pi. (Print.) a row of dots, to lead the eye across a space. — Leadership, n. State, condition, or office, of a leader ; command ; guidance ; lead. — Lead'ing, p. a. Chief; principal most important or influential; ' going first. Leaf, lef, n. ; pi. Leaves, levz. (Bot.) One of those organs of a plant which in the aggregate constitute the foli- age and in which the sap is aerated and elaborated for use, — usually a flattened expansion of green paren- chyma upon a framework (veins or ribs) of woody fiber, attached by a petiole or leaf-stalk to a stem or branch: sepals, petals, scales, spines, tendrils, etc., are leaves modified for special uses. Something which folds, bends over, or otherwise resembles a leaf, — as, a part of a book containing 2 pages ; a side or part, of window- shutters, folding-doors, etc.; the movable side of a table; a very thin plate, as of gold ; a portion of fat lying in a separate fold or layer ; a tooth of a pinion- wheel.— v. i. [leafed (left), leaf ing.] To shoot, produce leaves. — Leafage, -ej, n. Leaves collec- tively; foliage-— Leafy, -T, a. [-ier, -iest.] Full of leaves. — Leaf iness, n. — Leaf ' less, a. Destitute of leaves. — Leaf let, n. A little leaf; an unattached printed leaf. (Bot.) One of the divisions of_a com- pound leaf. — Leave, lev, v. i. To leaf.— Leaf -bridge, n. A draw- bridge having a leaf or platform on each side, which rises and falls. Leaflets. — -bud, n. (Bot.) A scale-covered conical bud showing the way by containing rudiments of common leaves or of a leaf- bearing branch. League, leg, n. A combination of narties for promo- ting their mutual interest, or executing any design in concert; a national contract or compact; alli- ance; confederacy; coalition; combination.—?;, i. [leagued (legd), leaguing.] To unite in a league, confederate. —Leag^uer, n. One who unites in a league ;_ a confederate. League, leg, a. A measure of distance, — in Eng. and U. S.jthe marine league = 3 geographical miles. Leak, lek, n. A crack, crevice, or hole in a vessel, that admits a fluid or permits it to escape; oozing of water or other fluid through an aperture in a vessel. — v. i. [leaked (lekt), leaking.] To let water, etc., into or out of a vessel, through a crevice. — Leak'age, -ej, n. A leaking; quantity of a liquor that enters or issues by leaking. (Com.) Allowance of a certain rate per cent, for the leaking of casks. — Leak'y, -Y, a. [-ier, -iest.] Permitting liquid to leak in or out; apt to disclose secrets; tattling; not close_. — Leak'iness, n. Leal, lei, a. Faithful ; loyal ; true. Lean, len. v. i. [leaned (lend) or leant (lent), lean- ing.] To deviate from a perpendicular position or line; to be in a position thus deviating; to incline in opinion, conform in conduct; to bend; to depend for support, comfort, etc. — v.t. To cause to lean, in- cline, support or rest.— Lean'-to, -too, n. A building whose rafters pitch or lean against another building; a wall, etc. Lean, len, a. Wanting in flesh; bare; barren; barren of thoughts; jejune; low; poor; thin; meager; lank; skinny; gaunt.'— n. The muscular part of flesh, without fat. Leap, lep, v. i. [leaped (lept) rarely leapt (15pt), leaping.] To spring from the ground, jump, vault; to make a sudden jump, bound, skip; to manifest joy or vivacity. — v. t. To pass over try leaping; to copulate with, cover. — n. Act of leaping; a jump; spring; bound; space passed by leaping; a hazardous or venturesome act; copulation with a female beast. — Leap'er, n. — Leap'-frog, n. A play among boys, in which one stoops and another leaps over him by placing his hands on the shoulders of the former. — year, n. Bissextile; a year containing 366 days ; every 4th year, which leaps over a day more than a common year, giving to February 29 days. Learn, ISrn, v. t. [learned (lernd) or learnt (ISrnt), learning.] Orig., to teach (obs.); to acquire new knowledge or ideas from or concerning; to acquire skill in anything, —v. i. To receive information, intelligence, instruction, or knowledge. — Learn'- ing, n. Knowledge of principles or tacts received by instruction or study, or acquired by experience, experiment, or observation; erudition; lore; scholar- ship; letters. I Lease, les, n. A letting of lands, tenements, or here- j ditaments to another for life, for a term of years, | or at will, for a specified rent or compensation; writ- ! ten contract for such letting; tenure Dy grant or per- mission; time forwhich such tenure holds good. — ! v. t. [leased (lest), leasing.] To grant tempora- ry possession of lands, etc., for rent; to let.— Lessee'', -se /r , n. (Law.) One who takes an estate by lease. — Les'sor, -sor, n. One who gives a lease. — Lease'- hold, a. Held by lease. — n. A tenure held by lease. Leash, lesh, n. A thong of leather, or line, by which a falconer holds his hawk, or a courser his dog. (Sportina.) A brace and a half; 3 creatures of any kind, esp. greyhounds, foxes, bucks, and hares; the number 3 in general; a bandwherewith to tie any- thing. — V. t. [LEASHED (lesht), LEASHING.] To bind, hold by a string. Least, etc. See under Less. Leather, letb/er, n. The skin of an animal tanned, tawed, or otherwise dressed for use ; dressed hides collectively. — Leather, -era, a. Made of, etc. — Leatlf ery, -er-t, a. Like leather ; tough. Leave, lev, n. Liberty granted; permission; license; a formal parting of friends ; farewell ; adieu. Leave, lev, v. t. [left, leaving.] To withdraw or depart from; to forsake, desert, abandon, relinquish; to suffer to remain; to have remaining at death; to give by will, bequeath; to commit or trust to, as a fame, far, p&ss or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; Odd, tone. Or ; LEAVE 223 LEGUME deposit; to intrust; to permit or allow; to refer; to cease or desist from. — v. i. To cease, desist. Leave, lev, v. i. To leaf, q. v. Leaven, lev'n, n. A portion of fermenting dough, which, mixed with a larger quantity, produces fer- mentation in it, and renders it light ; yeast ; barm; anything which produces fermentation or works a general change in the mass.— v. t. [leavened (-nd), -ening.] To excite fermentation in; to taint, imbue. Lecher, lech'er, n. A man given to lewdness. — v. i. [lechered (-erd), -ering.] To practice lewdness, indulge lust. — Lech'erous, -er-us, a. Addicted to lewdness ; lustful ; provoking lust. — Lech'erously, adv. — Lecu'erousness, n. — Lech'ery, -er-T, n. Free indulgence of lust; practice of indulging the animal appetite. Lection, lek'shun, n. A difference in copies of a man- uscript or book; a reading; a portion of Scripture read in divine service. — Leclor, n. A reader ; one who read Scripture, etc., in the ancient churches. — Ledionary, -a-rf, n. The Roman Catholic ser- vice-book. — Lecfure, lek'chur, n. Act or practice of reading ; a discourse on any subject, esp. a for- mal or methodical discourse, for instruction; a mag- isterial reprimand; formal reproof . — v. t. [lectured (-churd), -uring.] To instruct by discourses, in- struct authoritatively, reprove. — v. i. To deliver a discourse; to practice delivering lectures to instruct or amuse.— Lect'urer, n. One who, etc. ; a preacher in a church, who assists the rector or curate. — Lect- ureship, n. Office of a lecturer. Lecturn, -tern, leklern, Lef- tern, n. A reading-desk, in churches. Led, etc. See under Lead. Ledge, lej, n. A shelf on which to lay articles; whatever resem- bles such a shelf ; a ridge or part projecting beyond the rest, as rocks'; a layer or stratum ; a small molding ; a piece against which something rests. (Naut.) A small timber athwart ships, under the deck, between the beams. Ledger, lej 'er.n. A mercantile ac- count-book, in which all debits and credits from the journal are placed under- appropriate heads. (Arch.) A slab of stone, such as is laid over a tomb ; a piece of timber used in a scaf- folding. Ledger-line, n. See Leger-line, under Legek. Lee, le, n. ; pi. Lees, lez. That which settles at the bottom of a cask of liquor (esp. wine), etc.; sedi- ment; dregs. Lee, le, n. (Naut.) A place defended from the wind; that side of an object which is protected from the wind by the object itself; that quarter toward which the wind blows, — opp. to that whence it proceeds. — a. Of, or pert, to, the side opposite to that against which the wind blows. — Lee'- ward, loo'erd, a. Pert. to. or in the direction of, the part away fr. the wind. — adv. To- ward the lee. — Lee'way, le / '- wa, n. The lateral movement of a ship to the leeward of her course, or the angle which the line of her way makes with her keel; drift. Leech, lech, n. A physician. (Zo'61.) An aquatic sucking worm, used for the local ab- straction of blood; blood-suck- er. — v. t. To treat with medi- cine; heal ; to bleed by means of leeches. Leech, lech, n. (Naut.) The border of a sail at the sides. Leek, lek, n. A plant of the onion family, having an ob- long, edible bulb. Leer, ler, Lecturn. Leek. (Allium porrum.) [leered (lerd), leering.] To look obliquely; to cast a lingering, sidelong look, express- ive of lust, hatred, etc. — n. A sidelong luBtful or malign look ; arch or affected look. Lees. _See Lee, sediment. Leet, let, n. (Eng. Law.) A court-leet, q. v. ; district within the jurisdiction of a court-leet. A list of can- didates for office. Left. See Leave. Left, left, a. In the direction, or on the side of, the part opp. to the right of the body.— n. The side op- posite to the right. — Left'handed, a. Having the left hand more strong and dextrous than the right ; clumsy ; awkward ; unlucky ; inauspicious ; sinis- ter ; malicious. Leg, leg, n. The limb of an animal, used in support- ing the body ; esp. that part from the knee to the foot ; that which resembles a leg ; esp. any long and slender support on which an object rests; that part of a stocking, etc., which covers the leg. — Leg'gin, -ging, n. A covering for the leg, as a gaiter. Legacy, leg'a-sT, n. A gift, by will, of money or other property; a bequest; anything bequeathed. — Leg'- atee', -te', n. One to whom a legacy is bequeathed. — Legator', -t6r', n. One who bequeaths, etc. Legal, tergal, a. According to, in conformity with, created by, or relating to, law; lawful. (Theol.) Ac- cording to the law of works, disting. fr. free grace; resting on works for salvation; according to the old or Mosaic dispensation. (Law.) Governed by rules of law as disting. fr. rules of equity. Constitutional; legitimate ; licit ; authorized. — Legality, -T-tT, n. State of being legal; conformity to law. (Theol.) Outward conformity to law without inward princi- ple. — Le'galize, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -izing.1 To make lawful; to authorize ; to sanction after being done. (Theol.) To interpret in a legal spirit. — Le'- gally, adc._ According to law ; lawfully. Legate, leg'at, n. An embassador or envoy; esp. the pope's embassador to a foreign state. — Lega'tion,n. The commissioning one person to act for another ; a legate, or envoy, and the persons associated with him in his mission; the official residence of a diplo- matic minister at a foreign court. Legatee, Legator. See under Legacy. Legend, le'jend or lej'end, n. A chronicle of the lives of saints, formerly read at matins ; a story re- specting saints, esp., one of a marvelous nature; any remarkable story handed down from early times ; an inscription or motto, as on a coat of arms. — Leg'- endary, -a-rt, a. Consisting of, or like, legends ; strange; fabulous; exaggerated; extravagant.— Leg/'- ible, -T-bl, a. Capable of being read, or of being dis- covered by apparent indications. — Legibly, adv. Leger. See Ledger. Leger, lej'er, a. Light; slender; slight; unimportant; trifling. — Leger line. (Miis.) A line added above or below the staff to extend its compass. — Legerde- main', -de-man'', n. A trick performed with such adroitness as to elude observation ; sleight of hand. Legging. See under Leg. Legible, etc. See under Legend. Legion, le'jun, n. (Rom. Antiq.) A body of infantry, consisting of from 3,000 to 5,000 men ; a military force ; a great number ; multitude. Legislate, lejls-lat, v. i. To enact a law or laws. — Leg- islation, n. Act of legislating, or enacting laws. — Legislative, -tiv, a. Giving laws ; pert, to the en- acting of laws; done by enacting. — Legislatively, adv. — Legislator, -tSr, n. A lawgiver ; one who makes laws for a state or commu- nity ; member of a legislative assembly. — Legislature, -chur, n. The body of men in a state empowered to make and repeal laws. — Legitimate, -jit'Y-mat, a. Accord- ant with law ; lawfully begotten or born ; genuine; real; following by logical or nat- ural sequence ; in accordance with estab- lished law ; acknowledged as conforming to a rule or standard. — v. t. To make law- ful, legalize ; to render legitimate; to com- municate the rights of a legitimate child to one illegitimate. Legume, leg'tim or le-gum / ', n. (Bot.) A sim- Legume pie pod, which splits into 2 parts (by the ° ventral and dorsal sutures) and has the seeds at sun, cabe, full ; moon, to"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. LEISURE 224 LEVEE tached at the ventral suture, as of the pea or bean. pi. The fruit of leguminous plants of the pea kind; pulse.— Legu 'urinous, -ml-nus, a. Pert, to, or con- sisting of, pulse. {Hot.) Bearing legumes, as seed- vessels. Leisure, le'zhur, n. Freedom from occupation or busi- ness ; vacant time ; convenient opportunity ; con- venience ; ease. — Lei' surely, a. Exhibiting, or em- ploying, leisure; deliberate; slow. — adr. Slowly. Lemma, lem'ma, n. ; L. pi. -mata, -ma-ta: E. pi. -mas, -niaz. {Math.) A preliminary proposition demon- strated for immediate use in the demonstration of some other proposition. Lemming, Leming, lem'ming, n. A rodent animal of the far north, esp. of Europe, allied to the rat, which periodically migrates southward in great swarms. Lemon, lem'im, n. A yellowish, oval fruit, with a very acid pulp; the tree producing it.— Lem onade', -ad', n. A beverage of lemon-juice and water, sweetened. Lemur, le'inur, n. A small nocturnal mammal of Madagascar, allied to the monkey, but having a sharp, fox- like muzzle. — Lem'ures, -u-rez, n. pi. Spirits or ghosts of the departed ; specters. Lend, lend, v. t. [LEXT, LEND- ING.] To grant to an- otherfortem- of receiving Lemur, an equivalent in kind ; to loan ; to afford, grant, or furnish ; to let for compensation. — Loan, Ion, n. Act of lending ; thing lent; thins: furnished on con- dition that the specific thing shall be returned, or its equivalent in kind ; esp. money lent on interest ; permission to use: grant of the use. — v. t. [loaned (lond), loaxixg.] To lend. — v. i. To lend money or other valuable property ; to negotiate a loan, — said of the lender. Length, Lengthen, etc. Sec under Loxg. Lenient, le'nT-ent. a. Emollient ; softening : mitiga- ting ; acting without rigor or severity ; mild ; clem- ent; merciful, — n. (fled.) That which softens or assuages ; an emollient. — Le'ruently, adv. — Len'- itive, -t-tiv, a. Having the quality of mitigating (pain or acrimony); emollient. — n. (Med.) A medicine easing nam ; a mild purgative ; laxative. That which tends to allay pussion ; a palliative. — Len^ity, -T-tT, Le'nience, -ency, -nT-en-sl, n. Mild- ness of temper ; gentleness of treatment ; kindness; clemency; mercy. Lens, lenz, n. ; pi. Lexses. (Opt.) A piece of glass, or other transparent substance, ground with 2 opposite regular surfaces, used in optical instru- ments for changing the direction of rays of light, to magnify ob- jects or otherwise modify vision : of spherical lenses, there are 6 varieties, as shown in section in the figures, viz., o, plano-concave; b, double-concave ; c, plano-con- vex ; d, double-convex ; e, menis- cus ; /, concavo-convex. — Len'- til, n. A small leguminous plant; its edible lens-shaped seeds.— Len- tic'ular, a. Like a lentil in size or form ; shaped like a double- convex lens. — Lentig'inous, -tij'I-nus, a. Freckly; scurfy; furfuraceous. Lent, lent, n. A fast of 40 days, from Ash Wednesday till Easter, commemorating our Savior's fast. Lent, lent, n. That which is loaned ; a loan. L'envoy, -voi, lax-vwa', n. One or more detached verses at the end of a literary composition, to convey the moral, or to address the poem to a particular per- son; a conclusion; result. Leo, le'o, n. (Astron.) The Lion, the 5th sign of the zodiac. — Le'onine, -nm, a. Pert, to, or like, a lion. Leopard, lep'ard, n. A carnivorous digitigrade mam- mal of the genus Felis : it is of a yellow or fawn col- or, with numerous black spots, and is found in Asia and Africa. Leper, lep'er, n. One affected with leprosy. — Lep'- rosy, -ro-sl, n. (Med.) A name applied to several loathsome, incurable cutaneous or tuberculous dis- eases, esp. one with progressive destruction of ex- tremities, etc. ; a form of elephantiasis. — Lep'rous, -rus, a. Infected with leprosy. Leporine, lep'o-rm or -rln, a. Pert, to, or having the nature or qualities of, the hare. Lesion, le'zhun, n. A hurt; injury. (Law.) Loss or injury from not receiving a full equivalent for what one gives under an inequitable commutative con- tract. (Med.) Any morbid change in the exercise of functions or texture of organs. Less, les, a. Smaller; not so large or great, — adv. Not so much; in a smaller or lower degree. — n. A smaller portion; the inferior ; younger. — Less'en, les'n, v. t. [-sexed (-snd), -sexixg.J To make less or smaller ; to reduce in size, quantity, number, or amount, diminish in quality, state, or degree, re- duce in dignitj', abate, lower, degrade. — v. i. To become less, contract, decrease, diminish. — Less'- er, a. Less; smaller ; inferior. — Lest, conj. That not ; for fear that. — Least, lest, a. Smallest; little beyond others, either in size or degree; of the small- est worth or importance, — adv. In the smallest or lowest degree. Lessee, Lessor. See under Lease. Lesson, les'n, n. Anything read or recited to a teach- er by a pupil; something assigned to be learned or taught at one time; instruction derived from expe- rience, observation, or deduction ; a portion of Scrip- ture read in divine service ; severe lecture ; rebuke. — v. t. [lessoxed (-nd), -oxixg.] To teach, instruct. Lest. See under Less. Let, let, v. t. [let (letted is obsolete), letting.] To give leave or power \>y a positive act; or, nega- tiveV, to withhold restraint ; not to prevent ; to permit, allow, suffer ; to grant possession and use for a compensation; to lease, — often followed by out. Let, let, v. t. To retard, hinder, impede. — n. A hin- drance ; obstacle ; delay. Letch, lech, v. t. To leach. See Leach. Lethal, le'thal, a. Deadly; mortal; fatal. Lethe, le'the, n. (Gr. Myth.) One of the rivers of hell, causing fonretiulness of all that was past to those who drank of it. Oblivion; a draught of ob- livion; f orgetf ulness.— Leth'argy, -ar-jT, n. Preter- natural sleepiness ; morbid drowsiness ; dullness ; inattention ; apathy. — Lethax'gic, -gical, a. Given to, like, pert, to, or caused by, etc. Letter, let'ter, n. A mark or character, used as the representative of an articulate elementary sound; a written message ; epistle; mere verbal expression; literal meaning; exact signification. (Print.) A char- acter formed of metal or wood, used in printing ; type used for printing,— spoken of collectively, pi. Learning; erudition.— v. t. [lettered (-terd), -tek- ixg.] 1o impress or mark with letters. Lettuce, let'tis, n. A lactiferous plant, of many vari- eties, the slightly narcotic leaves of which are used as salad, etc. Leucorrhoea, lu-kor-re'a, n. (Med.) Fluor albus; the whites: a morbid discharge of white, yellowish, or greenish mucus, from the vagina. Levant, lev'ant, a. Eastern. — Levant', n. The countries of Turkev, Syria, Asia Minor, Greece, Egypt, etc., washed "by the eastern part of the Med- iterranean. — v. i. To abscond, decamp mysterious- ly. — f r. reports spread that absconders had gone to the Levant— Levant'er, n. A strong easterly wind in the Mediterranean ; one who runs away without paying wagers he has lost, or otherwise runs away disgracefully.— Levantine, le-vant'Tn orlev'ant-m, a. Pert, to the Levant.— n. A native or inhabitant of the Levant; a kind of silk cloth. Levee, lev'e or le-ve', n. A morning reception or as- fcm, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, ice ; 5dd, tone, Or 5 LEVEL 225 LICENSE a, spirit or air level ; 6, artillery foot level ; c, carpenter's level ; d, mason's level. sembly of visitors; any general gathering of guests; a bank or causeway, esp. along a river, to prevent in- undation.— Lev'y, -T, v. t. [levied (-id), -ying.] To raise, collect, —said of troops, to form into an army; to impose; to raise by assessment. (Law.) To gather or exact ; to erect, build, or set up; to attach specific property for a debt, seize on execution.— n. Act of taking by authority or force for public service, as troops, taxes, etc. ; thing levied, as an army, tribute, etc. (Law.) The seizure of property on executions to satisfy judgments, or on warrants for the collection of taxes; a collecting by execution. Level, lev'el, a. Not having one part higher than another ; even : flat ; smooth ; horizontal ; of the same height with anything else ; equal in rank or degree, —v. t. [leveled (-eld;, -elixg.] To make smooth, even, or horizontal ; to bring to the same height with something else, lay fiat, reduce to an even surface or plane, or to equality of condition, state, or degree; to point, in taking aim; to direct, utter; to adapt to the capacity of. —v. i. To aim; to direct the view or purpose. — n. A line or plane everywhere parallel to the surface of still water, — a curve, the center of which coincides with the earth's center; a horizontal line or surface ; a smooth or even line, plane, or surface; equal elevation with something else; degree of energy, intensity, or at- tainment; rate; standard; quiet condition; position of rest; rule ; plan; ». scheme; line of direc- tion in which a mis- sive weapon is aimed. (Mech.) An instru- ment by which to find a horizontal line, or adjust something with reference to such a line. (Mining.) A hor- izontal gallery or pas- sage in a mine at a given depth; a drain- age adit or drift. — Lev'eler, n. One who levels or makes even ; one who attempts to destroy distinc- tions, and reduce to equality. — Lev'eling, n. Re- duction of uneven surfaces to a plane. (Surveying.) Art or operation of ascertaining the differences of level between points of the earth's surface included in a survey. — Lev'elness, n. Lever, le'ver or lev'er, n. (Mech.) A bar used over or against a fulcrum, to exert a pressure, overcome re- sistance, or sustain a weight. See Mechaxical Pow- ers. — Lev r erag6, -ej, n. Action of a lever; mechan- ical advantage gained bv the use of, etc. Leveret, lev'er-et, n. A hare in the first year of its age. Leviathan, le-vi'ii-than, n. An aquatic animal, de- scribed in the book of Job, Psalms, etc.; a crocodile, whale, or other aquatic monster. Levite, le'vit, n. (Jewish Hist.) One of the tribe or family, or a descendant, of Levi; esp., one not in the priesthood, but employed in certain subordinate du- ties of the tabernacle, and afterward the temple. — Levrt'ical, -vTt'ik-al, a. Belonging, or relating, to the Levites.— Levit'icus, n. The 3d book of theOld Testament, containing the laws which relate to the priests and Levites among the Jews. Levity, lev'T-tT, n. Want of weight in a body, com- pared with another that is heavier; lightness: buoy- ancy; frivolity; vanity; lightness of temper or con- duct; want of seriousness^ disposition to trifle; in- constancy ; volatility ; flightiness. Levy. See under Levee. Lewd, lud, a. Given to the unlawful indulgence of lust ; eager for sexual indulgence ; proceeding from or expressing lust ; libidinous ; profligate ; dissolute ; lascivious ; lecherous. Lewis, lu'is, Lew'isson, n. An iron clamp dove-tailed into a large stone to lift it by. Lexicon, leks'Y-kon, n. A vocabulary, or book containing the words in a language, with definitions ; a dic- tionary : esp. one of a foreign lan- guage,with Eng. definitions. — Lex'- lcog'raphy, -ra-f T, n. Act or art of Lewis. composing dictionaries ; principles in accordance j with which dictionaries should be constructed. — Lexicographer, -ra-fer. n. The author or compiler of a dictionary. — Lexicol'ogy, n. Science of the derivation and signification of words. Ley, li, n. Alkaline water: see Lye. Ley, le. A meadow: see Lea. Liable, li'a-bl, a. Obliged in law or equity; answer- able; accountable; responsible; bound; subject: ex- posed,— used with reference to evils. — Li 'ableness, Liability, n. State of being, etc. ; responsibility; tendency; a state of being subject, pi. That which one is under obligation to pay; debts. — Liaison, le- a-zawN', u. An intimacy; esp., an illicit intimacy between a man and a woman. —Liana, le-a'na, Li- ane, le-an', n. A luxurious woodv creeper, of trop- ical forests. Liar. See under Lie. Libel, li'bel, n. (Law.) A defamatory writing: pub- lished defamation ; lampoon ; satire. (Civil Law and Courts of Admiralty.) A written declaration by the plaintiff of his cause of action, and of the re- lief he seeks. Crime of publishing a defamatory writing.— v. t. [libeled (-beld), -belixg.] To de- fame or expose to public hatred and contempt by a writing, picture, sign, etc. (Law.) To proceed against by filing a libel, esp. against a ship or goods. — Li'belous, -us, a. Defamatory- Liberal, lib'er-al, a. Free by birth; refined; befitting a freeman or gentleman; bestowing with a free hand; open-hearted; not narrow in mind; catholic; bountiful, — said of a gift; profuse; not restricted; not bound by orthodox or established tenets in po- litical or religious philosophy ; friendly to great freedom in the forms of administration "of govern- ment; not strict or literal, — n. One who advocates freedom from restraint, esp. in political or religious matters. — Liberality, -t-tl, n. Munificence ; boun- ty ; act of generosity; donation; gratuity; largeness of mind; catholicity; candor; impartiality. — Lib- eralize, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -izixg.] To render lib- eral or catholic, free from narrow views or preju- dices, enlarge. — Lib'erally, adv. In a liberal man- ner: generously; with regard to other interests than one'sown; with enlarged views; freely; not literally. — Lib'erate, -er-St, v. t. To release from restraint, set at liberty, deliver, free, manumit; disengage. — Libera'tion, n. Act of delivering, or state of being delivered, from restraint, confinement, or slavery. — Lib'era'tor, -ter, n. One who, etc.— Lib'ertine, -tin, n. (Horn. Antiq.) One manumitted, or set free from servitude ; a freedman. One free from restraint ; one who leads a dissolute, licentious life ; a rake ; debauchee ; a skeptic; free thinker. — a. Free from restraint; uncontrolled; dissolute; licentious.— Lib'- erty, -er-tT, n. State of one who is free ; ability to do as one pleases; permission granted; leave; privi- lege; immunity enjoyed by prescription or by grant; place within which certain privileges or immunities are enjoyed, or jurisdiction is exercised; permission to go about freely within certain limits, as in a place of confinement ; limits within which such freedom or privilege is had; freedom from, or neglect of ob- servance of, the laws of etiquette, propriety, or courtesy ; power of choice ; freedom from compul- sion or' constraint. — Libidinous, -1-nus, a. Eager for sexual indulgence; fitted to excite lustful desire; lewd: lascivious; unchaste: licentious; salacious. Libra, li'bra, n. (Astron.) The Balance; the 7th sign in the zodiac, which the sun enters at the autumnal equinox in September. —Li^brate, -brat, v. t. To poise, balance, hold in or bring to an equipoise. — v. i. To move, as a balance, oscillate ; to be poised. Library, li'bra-rT, n. A collection of books; an edifice or apartment appropriated to books. — Libra'rian, -rt-an, n. One who has care of a library. — Libra'- rianship, n. Office of a librarian.— Librefto, n. ; pi. -tos, -toz. (Mus.) A book containing the words of an opera or extended piece of music ; the words themselves. Lice. See Louse. License, li'sens, n. Authority or liberty to do or for- bear any act; esp., formal permission from proper authorities to perform certain acts; written docu- ment by which permission is conferred; excess of sun, cube, full ; moon, fdbt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxboN, chair, get. 15 LICHEN 226 LIGHT liberty; exorbitant freedom; disregard of law or pro- priety; liberty taken by a poet or artist, — v. t. [li- censed (-senst), -censing.] To permit by grant of authority ; to authorize to act in a particular char- acter ; to tolerate, permit. — Licentious, -shus, a. Using license ; indulging too great freedom ; unre- strained by law or morality; uncontrolled; ungov- ernable : wanton ; dissolute ; immoral. Lichen, li'ken or lich'en, n. One of an order of cel- lular, flowerless plants, having no distinction of leaf and stem, growing on rocks, trees, etc., in the form of thin crusts, leaf-like expansions, or miniature shrubs. {Med.) A cutaneous eruption, attended with tingling and pricking. Lick, lik. v. t. [licked (likt), licking.] To pass or draw the tongue over; to lap, take in by the tongue. — n. A place where salt is deposited from springs, resorted to by animals, which lick the surface to ob- tain the salt. Lick, lik, v. t. To strike repeatedly for punishment; to flog, beat, whip, castigate, —n. A blow. — Lick r - ing, n. A beating. Licorice, lik'o-ris, n. {Bot.) A hardy, herbaceous plant ; its sweet, mucilaginous root, used dry for chewing, and in porter-brewing and medicinarcom- positions; a sweet, dark-colored, inspissated extract of the root of this plant, used as a remedy for coughs or colds. Lictor, lik'ter, n. {Rom. Antiq.) An officer who at- tended the magistrates. Lid, lid, n. A movable cover, as of a vessel or box; cover of the eyes ; eyelid. Lie, li, n. Water impregnated with alkali. See Lye. Lie, li, n. A criminal falsehood; willful deceit; an in- tentional violation of truth ; anything which mis- leads, as false doctrine, etc. — v. i. [lied (lid), ly- ing.] To utter falsehood with an intention to de- ceive; to say or do anything with intent to deceive. — Li'ar, n. One who, etc. — Lying, a. Addicted to, etc. — n. The practice of, etc. — Ly'ingly, adv. Lie, li, v. i. limp, lay (la), p. p. lain (Ian) or ohs. lien (li'en), ly'ing.] To rest extended, as on the ground, bed, or couch; to be in a horizontal position; to be situated; to abide, remain; to belong, pertain, consist; to lodge, sleep; to weigh, press. {Law.) To be capable of being maintained. Lief, lef, adv. Gladly; willingly; freely, — used in the phrase, I had as li$f go as not. Liege, lej, a. Bound by a feudal tenure; subject: en- forcing allegiance; sovereign. — n. One who owes allegiance; a vassal; a lord or superior; sovereign. — Liege'man, n. ; pi. -men. A vassal; subject. Lien, le'en or li'en, n. {Law.) A legal claim : a charge upon real or personal property for the satis- faction of some debt or duty. Lieu, lu, n. Place ; room ; stead. — Lieuten'ant, lu- or lef-ten'ant, n. An officer, civil or military, who sup- plies the place of an absent superior ; a commis- sioned officer next below a captain in the army, or lieutenant-commander in the navy. Lieve. Same as Lief. Life, llf, ».{■ pi. Lives, livz. Animate existence; vital- ity; the time during which this state continues; the present state of existence; sometimes, the perpetual existence of the soul in the present and future state; external manifestation of life ; manner of living; conduct; a person or thing imparting spirit, vigor, or enjoyment; animation; vivacity; energy; the liv- ing form; reai person or state; a living person; ani- mals in general, or considered collectively; narrative of a past life; biographical narration; happiness in the favor of God; heavenly felicity, disting. fr. eter- nal death ; position in society ; social state ; course of things ; human affairs ; that which is dear as one's existence ; a darling. — Lifeless, a. Dead ; deprived of, or destitute of, life ; destitute of power, vigor, or spirit ; insipid ; tasteless, as liquor ; want- ing physical energy ; sluggish ; torpid ; inert ; dull ; frigid; vapid; flat; tasteless.— Live, liv, v. i. [lived (livd), living.] To have life, be animated; to pass one's life or time as to habits or constitution ; to abide, dwell, reside ; to continue in existence, re- main, last; to enjoy life; to feed, subsist, be nour- ished; to be maintained in life, acquire a livelihood. {Script.) To be exempt from spiritual death; to be inwardly quickened, and actuated by divine influ- ence or faith.— v. t. To spend (one's life); to act ha- bitually in conformity to. — Living, a. Having life; lively; issuing continually from the earth; flow- ing; producing action, animation, and vigor. — n. Means of subsistence; livelihood; act of living, or living comfortably; in Eng., the benefice of a cler- gyman; one who is, or those who are, alive. — Live, liv, a. Having life; full of earnestness; active; con- tainingfire; ignited; vivid; bright; glowing, as color. — Livelihood. -H-h6t>d, n. Means of maintaining existence ; support of life ; maintenance. — Live'ly, -IT, a. [-lier, -liest.] Endowed with or manifest- ing life; living; brisV: vivacious; active; gay; spir- ited ; representing life ; life-like ; strong ; bright ; vivid ; glowing. — adv. With strong resemblance of life.— Live'liness, n. Quality or state of being lively or animated ; spirit ; appearance of life, ani- mation, or spirit; sprightliness; vivacity; smartness; effervescence, as of liquors. — Livelong, lTv'long, a. Long in passing; long as life ; lasting; entire. — Live'-oak, n. {Bot.) An evergreen oak growing in the Southern States. Lift, lift. v. t. To raise, elevate, bring up to a higher place; to exalt, improve in fortune, estimation, rank, etc.; to cause to swell (with pride), elate. — v. i. To exert strength for the purpose of raising something heavy; to rise, be raised, seem to rise. — n. Act of lifting; thing to be raised; assistance in lifting, and in general. An elevator; lifter; a rise; degree of ele- vation. Lift, lift, v. t. To take and carry away, remove, steal. Ligate, li'gat, v. t. {Surg.) To tie with a ligature, bind around, bandage. — Lig'ament, n. Anything that ties or unites one thing to another ; a bond. {Anat.) A strong, compact membranous or tendi- nous substance connecting the ends of movable bones, or holding viscera in place. — Lig'ature, -a- chur, n. Anything that binds; act of binding ; state of being bound; stiffness. {Mus.) A band or line con- necting notes. {Print.) A double character, or a type consisting of 2 or more letters united. {Surg.) A string for tying blood-vessels, to prevent hemor- rhage ; a thread or wire used to remove tumors, etc. — v. t. To ligate. Light, lit, n. That agent or force in nature which il- luminates objects and renders them visible ; that which furnishes or is a source of light, r - the sun, a candle, light- house, etc.; the medium thro ugh which light is nsTwfn' \ /""•'•■------ Solar Ray of Li K ht, S eparatec as a win- y b a ism ict0 the dow;hfe; primary colors. existence; . that which «• P«f m : c d - spectrum; v, violet; t, ind.go ; makes b ' blue; 9 ' green; y ' y ellow > °< orange ; r, red. clear to the intellect ; mental or spiritual illumi- nation ; enlightenment; instruction; information ; esp. the source of moral enlightenment ; dawn of day; open view; a visible state or condition ; pub- licity; a time of prosperity and happiness. {Paint.) The manner in which the light strikes upon a pic- ture ; the illuminated part of a picture. The point of view in which anything is seen, or from which instruction or illustration is derived ; one who is conspicuous or noteworthy. — a. Not dark or ob- scure; bright: clear; white or whitish; not intense or very marked. — v. t. [lighted or (less prop.) lit ; lighting.] To set fire to, kindle ; to give light to ; to conduct with a light. — Light'en, llt'n, v. i. [-ened (-nd), -ening.] To burst forth or dart, as lightning ; to shine like lightning, flash ; to grow lighter, become less dark or lowering. — v. t. To make light or clear, illuminate, enlighten: to il- luminate with knowledge; to free from trouble and fill with joy. — Light'ness, n. — Light 'some, -sum, a. Luminous; not dark. — Light'-house, n. A tower bearing a powerful light, to guide mariners at am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tgrm ; Tn, Ice ; 5dd, t5ne, 6r ; LIGHT 227 LIMIT night. ship, -ves'sel, n. A vessel moored and serving as a light-house.— -keep'er, n. One in charge of a light-house, light-ship, etc., and its illumin- ating appara- tus. — wood, n. Resinous wood, which kindles quickly and makes a Dright blaze.— Lighte- ning, n. A dis- ; charge of at- mospheric elec- tricity, accom- panied by aviv- id flash of light. — Light'ning-rod, Light-house. An insulated metallic rod erected" to protect buildings, vessels, etc., from lightning. Light, lit, a. Having little weight ; not heavy ; easy to be lifted, borne, or carried, or to be suffered or performed, or to be digested; containing little nutri- ment ; armed with weapons of little weight ; clear of impediments; active; nimble; not deeply laden; not sufficiently ballasted ; slight ; trifling ; not im- portant; not dense ; not gross ; inconsiderable ; not strong; moderate; easy to admit influence; inconsid- erate ; unsettled; volatile; wanting dignity or solidi- ty; trifling; gay; airy; wanton; unchaste; not of legal weight; diminished; loose; sandy: easily pulverized; dizzy. [Light is used in the formation of many com- pounds of obvious signification ; as, light-armed, light-bodied, light-spirited, etc.] — Light'ly, adv. With little weight; without deep impression ; with- out dejection ; cheerfully ; with little effort or diffi- culty; easily ; readily ; without reason; wantonly ; nimbi v ; with agility ; with levity ; without care. — Lightness, lifnes, n. Want of weight ; inconstan- cy ; levity ; wantonness ; lewdness ; agility ; ease ; facility. — Light'en, lit'n, v. t. To make lighter, or less heavy ; to reduce in weight ; to make less burdensome or afflictive ; to cheer, exhilarate. — Lighfer, lifer, n. One who, or that which, etc. (Jfavt.) A bartre used in lightening or unloading ships, also, in loading them. Light, lit, v. i. [lighted or (less prop.) lit, light- ing.] To come to by chance ; happen to find, fall ; to stoop from flight, settle, rest; to alight. Lignaloes, iTn-aKoz or lig-naKoz, n. Aloes-wood. prop. the agallochum, a tree of India, whose decaying timber develops a fragrant oil. — Lig'neous. -ne-us, a. Made of, consisting of, or resembling, wood ; woody. — Lig'nite, -nit, n. (Min.) Mineral coal retaining the texture of the wood from which it was formed. — Lig'nose, -nos, a. Ligneous. — n. An explosive compound of wood fiber and nitro-glycer- ine, q. v. — Lig / num-vi ,r tse, -te, n. A tree of trop- ical America, from which the guaiacum of medicine is procured : its hard wood is used for various me- chanical purposes. Lignre, li'gur or lig'ur, n. A kind of precious stone. Like, lik, a. Equal in quantity, quality, or degree ; having resemblance ; similar ; likely ; probable ; in- clined or disposed to. — n. A counterpart ; an exact resemblance; copy. —adv. In a similar manner; in a manner becoming ; likely ; probably. — Likely, a. (^-lier. -liest.] Worthy of belief ; probable ; credible ; having or giving reason to expect, — fol- lowed by an infinitive ; well adapted. — Like'lihood, -lT-hdt>d, -liness, n. Appearance of truth or reality ; probability ; verisimilitude.— Like'wise, -wiz, conj. in like manner ; also ; moreover ; too. — Like'ness, n. State of being like ; resemblance ; that which re- sembles or copies; esp. a portrait of a person, or picture of a thing ; similarity; parallel; similitude; representation. — Lik'en, llk'n, v. t. [-ened (-nd), -enixg.] To make like; to represent as like or sim- ilar ; to compare. Like, lik, v. t. [liked (likt), likixg.] To be pleased with in a moderate degree ; to enjoy, —v. i. To be pleased; to choose.— n. A liking; fancy: inclination. — Likely, a. Such as may be liked ; of honorable or excellent qualities. — Like'liness, n. The quali- ties that please. — Lik'ing, n. Inclination ; pleas- ure ; satisfaction in, or attraction toward, some ob- ject. Lilac, li'lak, n. A shrub of the genus Syringa, a na- tive of Persia with fragrant purple or white flowers. — a. Of the color of the purple lilac, lilliputian, lil-Y-pu'shan, n. One of a diminutive race described in Swift's " Voyage to Lilliput ; " a per- son of very small size. — a. Of, or pert, to, the imaginary island of Lilliput; of very small size; pigmy; diminutive; dwarfed. Lilt, lilt, v. i. To sing cheerfully, — n. A song. Lily, lil'T, n. A perennial, herbaceous, bulbous plant of many species, having showy white or colored flowers, some being very fragrant. Limb, lim, n. An extremity of the human body, as the arm or leg ; a member; branch of a tree larger than a twig^ ; any thing or person regarded as a part of something else. (Bot.) The border or upper spread- ing part of a monopetalous corol, or of a petal, or sepal; blade.— v. t. [limbed (limd), limbing (limb- ing).] To supply with limbs ; to dismember, tear off the limbs of . — Lim'ber, n. {Mil.) The for- ward part of a gun-carriage, to which the horses are attached, and from which the gun is de- V tached (unlimbered) when in action. A shaft of a carriage. (Naitt.) A gutter beside the keelson for bilge-water; a board covering such gutter. — v. t. Limber. [limbered (-berd), -berixg.] — To attach a limber to. Limb, lim, n. (Astron.) The border of the disk of a heavenly body, esp. of the sun and moon ; edge of a graduated circle in an instrument. — Lim'bo, n. (Scholastic Theol.) A region bordering on hell. A place of confinement. Limber, of apn. See under Limb. Limber, lim'ber, a. Easily bent ; flexible ; pliant. — v. t. [limbered (-berd), -berixg.] To cause to be- come limber. — Lim'berness, n. Lime, lim, n. A viscous substance laid on twigs for catching birds; bird-lime ; oxide of calcium ; a brit- tle, infusible, white, caustic substance obtained by calcining limestone, shells, etc., and used in making mortar, etc. ; the principal constituent in marble, chalk, bones, shells, etc.— v. t. [limed (limd), lim- ing.] To smear with a viscous substance; to entan- gle, insnare; to manure with lime; to cement. — Lim'y, -T, a. Covered with, containing, or like lime; viscous. — Lime'kiln, -kil, n. A kiln or fur- nace in which limestone or shells are burnt to make lime.— Lime'stone, n. Any kind of stone consisting largely of carbonate of lime, esp. those varieties used in making lime. Lime, lim, n. The European linden tree ; the Amer. . bass wood. Lime, lim, n. A fruit allied to the lemon, but smaller, and more intensely sour. Limit, lim'it, n. That which termi- nates, circumscribes, restrains, or confines; bound, border, or edge. (Logic & Metaph.) A distinguish- I ing characteristic ; a differential. (Ifath.) A determinate quantity, to which a variable one continu- ally approaches, but can never go beyond it. — v. t. To bound ; set bounds to ; to confine within certain bounds ; to restrain ; to confine the signification of, de- fine exactly. — Lim'itary, -a-rY, a. Placed at the limit, as a guard; confined within limits ; limited in extent, authority, power, etc. — Limita / 'tion, n. Act of, condition of being, or means of, etc.; restraining Lime. condition ; defining circumstance. (Laiv.) A cer- jy statute after which the els ant shall not enforce his claims by suit. tain period limited Dy statute after which sun. cube, full ; m<35n, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbox, chair, get. LIMN 228 LIQUEFY Limn, lim, v. t. [limned (limd), lim'ning.] To draw or paint; esp. to paint in water colors ; to illuminate (books or parchments). — Lim'ner, n. One who decorates books with initial pictures ; a portrait or miniature painter. Limonite, lim'o-nit, n. Hydrous sesquioxide of iron; brown hematite or bog ore. Limp, limp, v. i. [limped (limt), limping.] To halt; walk lamely. — n. A halt ; act of limping. Limp, limp, a. Lacking stiffness ; flexible ; limpsy. — Limp'sy, Lim'sy, a. Weak ; flexible ; flimsy. Limpet, lim'pet, n. An edible gasteropodous univalve mollusk, found adhering to rocks. Limpid, hm'pid, a. Characterized by clearness or transparency; pellucid; pure; crystal ; translucent. Limy. See under Lime. Linchpin, lincb/pin, n. A pin to prevent the wheel of a carriage from sliding off the axletree. Linden, lin^den, n. A European tree, having panicles of light yellow flowers, and large cordate leaves; in Amer., the basswood. Line, lin, n. A linen thread or string ; any slender, strong cord or rope ; a thread-like mark of the pen, pencil, or graver. (Math.) That which has length, but not breadth or thickness. The exterior limit of a figure ; boundary ; contour ; a long thread-like mark upon the face or hand ; lineament ; a straight row ; a continued series or rank ; supply of a vari- ety of goods in some department of trade; the num- ber of shares taken by a stock broker ; a short let- ter, note. Course of conduct, thought, occupation, or policy, directed toward an object ; department ; ancestry or descendants of a given person ; family to which one belongs ; a connected series of pub- lic conveyances ; an established arrangement for forwarding merchandise. (Poet.) Averse. (Geog.) The equator, — usually called the line, or equinoc- tial line. (Script.) That which is measured by a line or cord ; boundary ; place of abode ; instruc- tion, doctrine. (Mach.) Proper adjustment of parts, for smooth working. (Mil.) The regular infantry of an army. (Fort.) A trench or rampart ; pi. dis- positions covering extended positions, and present- ing a front in but one direction to an enemy. The 12th of an inch. —v. t. [lined (lind), lining.] To mark out or cover with lines; to cover on the inside; to put inside of ; to place along the side of for de- fense; to read or repeat line by line. — Linkage, lTn'e-ej, n. Race fprogeny ; descent in a line from a common progenitor. — Lin'eal, a. Composed of lines ; descending in a direct line from an ances- tor ; hereditary ; in the direction of a line ; pert, to, or ascertained by, a line. — Lin'oally, adv. In a direct line. — Lin^eament. -e-a-ment, n. The outline of a body or figure, esp. of the face ; feature ; form ; mark. — Lin'ear, a. Pert, to, or consisting of, etc. ; in a straight direction. — Lin'eate, -e-at, -ated, a. (Bot.) Marked longitudinally with depressed paral- lel lines. — Linking, linking, n. The covering of the inner surface of anything. Linen, linden, n. Thread or cloth made of flax; un- derclothing, esp. shirts, as being orig. chiefly made of linen. — a. Made of, or like, etc. — Lino'leum, -le-um, n. A kind of floor-cloth made with hardened or oxidized linseed oil.— Lin'net, n. A small Euro pean singing bird. — Lin'' seed, n. Flaxseed.— Lin' sey-wooPsey, -sT-wdoPsT.a Made of linen and wool: of different and unsuita ble parts; vile; mean. — n. Stuff made of linen and Linnet, wool mixed. — Lint, n. Flax; linen raveled, or - scraped into a soft substance, and used for dressing wounds and sores. Ling, ling, n. An edible marine fish, more slender than the cod, and having only 2 dorsal fins. Linger, lin'ge'r, v. i. [-geked (-gerd), -gering.] To delay, loiter; to be in suspense, hesitate; to remain long in any state. — Lin'gering, n. A delaying; tar- diness; protraction. Lingual, hh'gwal, a. Pert, to the tongue. — n. A let- ter pronounced with the tongue. — Lin'guist, -gwist, n. One skilled in language? — t.™«m««s/i« .i^ai n Linguistic, -ical, a. Link-motion. Relating to linguistics, or to the affinities of lan- guages. — Linguist'ics, n. sing. Science of lan- guages, or of the origin, signification, and applica- tion of words. — Lin'go, n. Language; speecn; dia- lect. Liniment, lin'T-ment, n. A soft anodyne or stimula- ting ointment or embrocation, with which diseased parts are rubbed. Lining. See under Line. Link, link, n. A single ring of a chain ; anything doubled and closed like a link. Anything connect- ing or binding one thing to another; any constituent part of a connected series. (3fech.) Any interme- diate rod or piece transmitting motive power from one part of a machine to another. {Surveying.') The length of one joint of Gunter's chain = 7.92 inches. — v.t. [linked (linkt), linking.] To unite or con- nect by something intervening; to join, couple. — v. i. To be connected. — Link -mo'tion, n. (Steam- Eng.) A valve gear consisting . of two ec- cen t ri cs and their rods, so con- nected b y a n adjust- able piece, called the link, to the valve, as to reverse the steam when the engine is in motion. Link, link, n. A torch made of tow and pitch. — Link^boy, -man, n. One who carried a torch to light passengers. Linnsean, -nean, lin-ne'an, a. Pert, to Linnseus, the botanist. — Linnsean system. (Bot.) The system in which the classes are founded upon the number of stamens, and the orders upon the pistils ; the artifi- cial or sexual system. Linnet, Linseed, Linsey-woolsey, Lint. See under Linen. Linstock, lin'stok, n. A pointed or forked staff, to hold a lighted match, — used in firing cannon. Lintel, lin'tel, n. (Arch.) A horizontal timber or stone over a door, window, etc. Linter, linger, n. A row of stalls for cattle in a barn. Lion, li'un, n. A carnivorous feline mammal of great size and strength, found in Asia and Africa ; the puma of S. America. (Astron.) The 5th sign in the zodiac, Leo. An object of interest and curiosity. — Li'oness, n. The female of the lion kind. — Li'onize, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izing.] To treat as a lion, or object of interest. Lip, lip, n. One of the 2 fleshy parts composing the exterior of the mouth in man and many other animals ; the mouth ; organs of speech ; sometimes speech itself; the edge of anything, — v. t. [lipped (lipt), lipping.] To touch with the lips, kiss ; to speak. Liquefy, lik'we-fi, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -eying.] To melt, dissolve ; esp. to melt by the sole agency of heat or caloric — v. i. To become liquid.— Liq'ue- fac'tion, n. Act or operation of, or state -of being, etc. — Liq'uefa'cient, -shent, n. That which serves to liquefy. — Liq'uid, -wid, a. Having liquidity; fluid; flowing smoothly or easily; sounding agree- ably to the ear; pronounced without harshness, — n. A substance whose parts change their relative posi- tion on the slightest pressure and retain no definite form; a fluid not aeriform. (Gram.) Aletterwhich has a smooth, flowing sound, or which flows smoothly after a mute, — in Eng., I, m, n, r. — Liq'uidate, -wt- dat, v. t. To make liquid; to clear from obscurity; to ascertain the precise amount of; to settle, adjust, pay. — Liquida'tion, n. Act of, etc.; esp. of adjust- ing debts. —Liquidity, -T-ti, n. State of being liq- Lion. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tSrm ; tn, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r ; LIQUORICE 229 LIVERY . uid; fluidity; quality of being smooth and flowing; agreeableness of sound. — Liq'uor, lik'er, n. Any liquid or fluid substance; esp. alcoholic or spirituous fluid, distilled or fermented; a decoction, solution, or tincture. — Liqueur, le-ker', n. A delicate prepa- ration of distilled spirits, usually flavored with fruits and aromatic substances. Liquorice. See Licokice. Lira, le'ra, n. ; pi. -re, -ra. An Italian coin = 1 French franc = 19| cents. Lisp, lisp, v. i. [lisped (lispt), lisping.] To give s or z the sound of th, th, or dh ; to speak imperfectly or with hesitation; to make feeble beginnings or im- perfect efforts. — v. t. To pronounce with a lisp. — n. Habit or act of lisping. Lissom. See under Lithe. List, list, n. The outer edge or selvage of cloth; strip of cloth forming the border ; a boundary ; border. (Arch.) A little square molding; fillet, —v. t. To sew (strips of cloth) together; to form a border; to cover or pack (a crack) with list or with strips of cloth; to mark as if with list. — Listing, n. Same as List. — List'el, n. (Arch.) A fillet. List, list, n. A roll; catalogue; register; inventory.— v. t. To place in a list or catalogue; to enlist; to engage in the public service, —v. i. To enlist. List, list, n. A line inclosing or forming the extrem- ity of a field of combat ; j)l. the ground or field inclosed for a race or combat. — v. t. To inclose for combat. List, list, v. i. To desire, choose, please. — Listless, a. Lit., devoid of desire; weary; not attending ; in- different to what is passing ; languid ; indolent. List, list, n. (Naut.) An inclination to one side, — said of a ship. List, list, Listen, lis'n, v. i. [listened (-nd), -en- ing.] To attend closely with a view to hear; to hearken; to yield to advice, obey. Litany, lifa-nT, n. A solemn form of supplications for mercy and deliverance, used in public worship; esp. the responsive form of general supplication in the Book of Common Prayer. Liter, liler or letter, n. A metric measure of capaci- ty =1 cubic decimeter =61.016 cubic inches, or 2.113 Amer. pints = 61.027 cubic inches. Literal, lifer-al, a. According to the letter; real; not figurative or metaphorical; following the letter or exact words ; not free ; consisting of, or expressed by, letters. — Liferally, adv. According to the primary and natural import of words; word by word; exactly. — Lit'eralism,-izm,M. Adherence to the letter; a mode of interpreting literally. — Lit'- eralist, n. One who adheres to the exact word; an interpreter according to the letter. — laterality, n. Quality of being literal. — Liberalize, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -izinu.] To interpret or put in practice ac- cording to the strict meaning of the words.— Lif- ■erary, -er-a-rY, a. Pert, to or connected with litera- ture or men of letters; versed or engaged in litera- ture; consisting in letters or compositions. — Lit- eralus, n. ; pi. -ati, -ti. A learned man; man of erudition. — Litterateur, le-ta-ra-ter r ,n. One versed in literature; a literary man.— Lit'erate, -er-at, a. Instructed in learning and science; learned ; let- tered.— n. In Eng., orre educated, but not having taken a university degree ; a literary man. — Lit- eralim, adv. Letter for letter. — Lit'erature, -er-a- chur, n. Learning ; acquaintance with letters or books; the collective body of literary productions; the class of writings disting. for beauty of style or expression, as poetry, essays, history; belles-lettres. Lithe, lith, a. Capabk of being easily bent; pliant; flexible; limber. — Lithe'ness, n. — Lithe'some, -sum, Lis'som, a. Pliant; limber; nimble. Lit hie, lithlk, a. -Consisting of, or pert, to, stone, esp. to stone in the bladder; uric. — n. (Med.) A medi- cine preventive of, etc. — Lith'arge, -arj, n. Semi- crystalline or partially fused yellow or red protoxide of lead, used in glass-making, etc. — Lithium, -i- um, n. (Chem.) A very soft metal, — the lightest solid known. — Lith / ofrac' r teur, -frakler, n. An explosive compound of nitroglycerine, q. v. — Lith''- ograph, -graf, v. t. [-graphed (-graft), -graphing.] Iq trace on stone, and transfer to paper, etc., by printing. — n. A print from a drawing on stone. — Lithographer, -ra-fer, n. One who practices lithog- raphy.— Lithographic, -ical, a. Pert, to lithogra- phy; engraved upon, or printed from, stone. — Lith- iii/r:t/,/iir limestone. (Min.) A compact fine-grained limestone, obtained largely from the Lias and Oo- lite, esp. of Bavaria, used in lithography. — Lith- oglaphy, -ft, n. Art or process of writing or draw- ing upon stone with a greasy composition, and of obtaining printed impressions therefrom on a litho- graphic press. — LithoKogy, -jf, n. Science of the characteristics and classification of rocks. (Med.) A treatise on stones found in the body. — Lithof- omy, -o-mi, n. (Surg.) Operation, art, or practice of cutting for stone in the bladder. — Lithotlity, -rY-tT, n. Operation of breaking a stone in the blad- der into pieces that may be voided. Lithuanian, lith-u-a'ni-an, a. Of or pert, to Lithua- nia, a part of the Russian and Prussian territory bordering on the Baltic sea. — n. The language of, etc., now extinct, a branch of the Slavonic closely akin to the Lettish of Courland and Livonia, and to the Old Prussian. Litigate, lift-gat, v. t. To contest in law, engage in a lawsuit, prosecute or defend in a court of justice. — v. i. To carry on a suit by j udicial process. — Lif- igant, a. Disposed to litigate; engaged in a lawsuit. — n. A person engaged in a lawsuit. — Litigalion, n. Act or process of litigating; a suit at law; judi- cial contest. — Litigious, -tijlis, a. Inclined to litigation; quarrelsome; contentious; subject to con- tention; disputable; pert, to legal disputes. Litmus, litlrius, n. A coloring matter obtained from several lichens. — Litmus paper. Unsized paper pre- pared with litmus for use as a delicate chemical test: blue litmus paper turns red when it touches an acid, and the red paper turns blue when exposed to an alkali. Litre, liler or lelr, n. Same as Liter. Litter, lifter, n. A portable bed or stretcher for car- rying a person, esp. a sick person; bedding of straw for animals; a covering of straw for plants; a con- fused mass of objects little valued ; scattered rub- bish; a condition of disorder or confusion; number of pigs, etc., born at once. — ?;, t. [littered (-terd), -tering.] To supply with litter; to scatter things over in a slovenly manner; to give birth to.— v. i. To produce a litter. Litterateur. See under Literal. Little, litl, a. [less, least.] Small in size or ex- tent; diminutive; short in duration; brief; small in quantity or amount; small in dignity, power, or im- portance; insignificant; contemptible; small in force or efficiency; weak; slight; petty; small in generos- ity; mean.— n. A small quantity, amount, space, etc.; small degree or scale; miniature. — adv. In a small quantity or degree; not much; slightly.— Lit lioness, n. State or quality of being little; small- ness; want of grandeur; insignificance; meanness. Littoral, litlo-ral, a. Of, pert, to, or inhabiting a s-hore, as of the sea; pert, to the zone on a sea-coast, between high and low water mark. Liturgy, lifer-jt, n. The established formulas for public worship in churches using prescribed forms. (Rom. Caih. Church.) The mass, or entire ritual. — Litur'gic, -gical, a. Pert, to a liturgy, or to public worship. Live, Lively, etc. See under Life. Liver, liv'er, n. (Anat.) A large abdominal organ or fland, which secretes the bile or gall: in the human ody it is the largest gland, and is situated immedi- ately beneath the diaphragm. Livery, liv'Sr-i, n. (Eng. Law.) Act of delivering pos- session of lands or tenements; writ by which posses- sion is obtained. Deliverance ; formerly that which is delivered out statedly, as clothing, food, etc.; esp. the peculiar dress by which the servants of a house- hold are distinguished; peculiar dress appropriated by any body of persons to their own use; company of those wearing such a garb; any characteristic dress or outward appearance ; an allowance of food statedly given out; a ration, as to a family, to ser- vants, to horses, etc.; release from wardship.—?;, t. To clothe in livery. — Liv'ery-sta'ble, n. A stable where horses are kept for hire, and where stabling is provided. sun, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. LIVID 230 LOCUST Llama. Livid, liv'id, a. Black and blue; of a lead color; dis- colored, as bruised flesh. Livre, li'ver or le'vr, n. A French money of account, afterward a silver coin equal to 20 sous, or 18J cents. Lixivial, etc. See under Lye. Lizard, liz'ard, ?i. A four-footed ,,.'■;. .) reptile, having an elongate, ^-V ' round body, long tail, head --- "'' covered with polygonal plates, ;k, v. i. [looked (16t>kt), looking.] To di- rect the eye toward an object as if to see it; to direct the attention to, consider; to wait for expectantly; to penetrate, solve, as a mystery; to direct the gaze in all directions, be circumspect, watch; to seek, search; to observe narrowly, examine, scrutinize; to seem, appear; to face, front; in the imperative, see; behold; take notice; observe. — v. t. To influence or ■ subdue by looks or presence; to express or manifest by a look. — n. Cast of countenance; air of the face; aspect; manner; glance; act of looking or seeing; view; watch. — Looking-glass, n. A glass which reflects whatever is before it ; a mirror. — Look'out, n. A careful looking for any object or event; place from which observation is made ; a person engaged in watching. Longirosters. sun, cube, full j moon, fo"ot ; cow, oil ; linger or ijk, then, boNboN, chair, get. LOOM 232 LOVE Loom, loom, n. A frame or machine for weaving cloth out of thread; the part of an oar -within the rowlock. Loom, loom, v. i. [loomed ( 1 oo m d ) , looming.] To appear above the surface either of sea or land; to appear larger than the real dimensions, and indis- tinctly; to rise and to be eminent. —re. -Loom. The indistinct appearance of anything, as land, whose_outline only is visible. Loon, loon, n. A sorry fellow ; rogue ; rascal. Loon, loon, n. A migratory swimming and diving bird of northern regions, of several species, esp. the great northern diver or ember goose. Loop, loop, n. A doubling of a string, cord, etc., for ornament or through which another cord, etc., may pass; a noose; bight; a narrow opening; loop-hole. — v. t. [looped (loopt), looping.] To fasten, se- cure, or ornament, by means of loops. [Ir. and Ga. Ivb, a loop, also to bend.] — Loop'-hole, n. (Mil.) A small opening in walls of a fortification or bulk-head of a ship, through which to Are at an enemy; an aperture for escape: see Castle. Loose, loos, v. t. [loosed (loost), loosing.] To untie or -unbind, free from any fastening, set free; to re- lease from anything obligatory or burdensome, ab- solve, remit; "to relax, loosen ; to unfasten, undo, unlock. — v. i. To set sail; to leave a port or harbor. — a. Unbound; untied; not attached, fastened, or fixed; free from obligation; disengaged; not tight or close; not crowded or compact; not concise; not pre- cise or exact; vague; not strict or rigid; unconnected; rambling ; having lax bowels ; dissolute ; wanton ; unchaste. — Loos'en, -n, v. t. [-ened (-nd), -en- ing.] To make loose, free from tightness or fixed- ness; to render less compact; to free from restraint; to remove costiveness from. — v. i. To become less tightjjinn, or compact. — Loose'ness, n. Loot, loot, n. Act of plundering in a conquered city; booty; plunder. — v. t. or i. To plunder; to carry off as prize obtained by war. Lop, lop, v. t. [lopped (lopt), lopping.] To cut off (the top of anything); to cut partly off and bend down; to let fall. — v. i. To hang downward, be pendent. — n. That cut off, as from trees ; that which lops or falls over. — Lop'sided, a. Heavier on one side than the other; inclining to one side. Lope, lop, v. i. [loped (lopt), loping.] To run with long strides.— n. A leap ; a sait of horses, dogs, etc. Loquacious, lo-kwa'shus, a. Talkative; given to con- tinual talking ; noisy. — Loqua'ciousness, Loquac'- ity, -kwas'T-ti, n. Habit of talking excessively; gar- rulity; babbling. Lord, 16rd, n. A superior; master; governor; ruler; in Eng., a nobleman of any rank above that of a baronet, hence, by courtesy, the son of a duke or marquis or eldest son of an earl, also a bishop, if a member of Parliament ; a title of these persons and also of certain official characters or representatives of maj- esty; proprietor of a manor; a husband; the Supreme Being; Jehovah.— v. i. To play the lord; domineer. — Lordly, -If, a. [-lier, -liest.] Becoming or pert, to a lord ; proud ; imperious ; domineering ; arrogant; insolent. — Lord'ship, n. State or quality of being a lord; hence (with his, your, or their), a title applied to a lord, except to an archbishop or duke; territory of a lord over which he holds juris- diction; a manor; dominion; authority. Lore, lor, n. That which is or may be known; erudi- tion; instruction; counsel. Lorette, lo-ref, n. One of a class of females of light character in Paris supported by their lovers. Lorgnette, lorn-yef, n. An opera-glass. Lorn, lorn, a. Lost; undone; forsaken; lonely; bereft. Lose, looz, v. t. [lost (15st), losing.] To be rid of un- intentionally; to forfeit by unsuccessful contest; to part with, be deprived of ; to throw away, employ ineffectually, waste, squander ; to wander from ; to miss, so as not to be able to find ; to perplex or be- wilder; to ruin, destroy ; to cease to view ; to fail to obtain, — v. i. To forfeit anything in contest; to suffer loss by comparison. — Los'er, n. One who loses, or is deprived of anything by defeat, forfeit- ure, etc. — Loss, 15s, n. Act of losing : failure ; de- struction; privation ; state of having been deprived of ; thing lost; waste. (31il.) Killed, wounded, and captured persons, or captured property. — Lost, a. Parted from unwillingly ; unintentionally rid of ; missing; forfeited in unsuccessful contest; deprived of; thrown away; employed ineffectually ; wasted; bewildered ; perplexed ; ruined or destroyed; hard- ened beyond sensibility or recovery; not perceptible to the senses; not visible. Lot, lot, n. That which happens without human de- sign or forethought; chance; hazard; fortune; acon- tnvance to determine a question by chance: part, or fate, which falls to one by chance; separate portion belonging to one person ; a distinct parcel, separate part; distinct portion of land; quantity or large num- ber. — v. t. To allot, assign; to separate into lots or parcels, assort.— Lot'tery, -ter-T, n. A distribution of anything by lot or chance; esp. a gambling scheme, in which certain tickets draw prizes and the rest are blanks. Lote, lot, Lo'tus, -tos, n. A shrub of N. Africa and S. Europe, of several genera, one of which prob. furnished the food of Homer's lotus-eaters, and was fabled to make strangers forget their native land; the nettle tree; Lotus. (Arch.) an Egyptian water-lily of several species; a legumi- nous clover-like plant. (Arch.) An ornament in the form of the Egyptian water-lily. Loth. Same as Loath. Lotion, lo'shun, n. A washing, esp. of the skin, to render it fair; a liquid preparation for washing some part of the body. (Med.) A healing application in a fluid form, to be applied externallv to the body. Loto, Lottery. See under Lot. Loud, lowd, a. Having or making a strong or great sound; clamorous; boisterous: emphatic: noisy; vo- ciferous; vehement.— adv. With loudness; loudly. Lough, lok, n. Same as Loch. Lounge, lownj, v. i. [lounged (lownjd), lounging.] To spend time lazily; move idly about; to recline at ease; loll. — n. An idle gait or stroll: act of reclining at ease ; place for lounging ; piece of furniture on which to recline. Louse, lows, n. ;pl. Lice, lis. A wingless, bloodsuck- ing insect, of several species, parasitic upon men, animals, and birds.— Lous'y, lowz'T, a. Swarming with lice; infested with lice. — Lousiness, n. Lout, lowt, n. _A mean, awkward fellow; a bumpkin. Louver, -vre, loo'ver, n. An opening in the roof of ancient buildings for ventila- tion, often in the*form of a turret or small lantern. — Louver window. (Arch.) An opening in a bell-tower, church steeple, etc., crossed by a series of slats. Lovage, luv'ej, n. An umbel- liferous plant, used in med- icine as an aromatic stimulant. Love, luv, n. Act of loving; pre- eminent kindness or devotion to another ; affection ; court- ship ; devoted attachment to one of the opposite sex ; fond- ness ; devotion ; the object of affection ; moral good- will ; Louver Window, kindness ; charity ; Cupid, the god of love.— v. U [loved (luvd), loving.] To be pleased with, be fond of, like ; to have good-will toward ; to have a strong affection for, have a tender feeling toward; to delight in, with exclusive affection.— v. i. To de- am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, ice ; Qdd, tone, 6r ; LOW 233 LUNE liRlit, take pleasure, be in love. — Lov'er, ra. One wlio loves ; esp. one in love with a person of the op- posite sex; one who likes or is pleased. — Love'ly, -IT, a. [-LIER, -liest.] Fitted to excite, or worthy of, love or esteem; amiable; charming ; delightful ; en- chanting. Low, lo, v. i. [lowed (lod), lowing.] To cry or call as a cow; to moo. — n. The voice of cattle. Low, lo, a. Occupying an inferior or depressed position or place; not rising to the usual height; near the horizon; descending far below the adjacent ground; deep; sunk down to, or below, the natural level of the ocean by the retiring of the tide; below the usual rate, amount, or value; reasonable; not high or loud. (Mus.) Depressed in the scale of sounds ; grave. (Geog.) Near the equator. Late in time ; modern ; depressed ; dejected ; humble in rank ; abject; vul- gar; base; dishonorable ; not elevated; submissive; humble; feeble; weak; moderate; not intense; in re- duced circumstances; impoverished; not high sea- soned or nourishing; plain; simple.— adv. In a low position or manner; under the usual price; cheaply; near the ground; humbly; meanly; in time approach- ing our own; with a depressed voice; in a state of subjection, poverty, or disgrace. (Astron.) In a path near the equator, or so that the declination is small. — Lowly, -IT, a. [-lier, -liest.] Not high; not ele- vated in place ; mean ; wanting dignity or rank ; hum- ble ; meek; free from pride. — adv. In a low manner or condition ; humbly ; meanly. — Low'er, v. t. [-ERED (-erd), -ering.] To cause to descend, let down, take down ; to bring down, humble ; to re- duce in value, amount, etc.— v. i. To fall, grow less, diminish, decrease. — Low'er-case, a. (Print.) Pert, to or kept in the lower case,— said of the small letters, disting. from capitals. Lower, low'er, v. i. [-ered (-erd), -ering.] To be clouded, threaten a storm ; to frown, look sullen. Loyal, loi'al, a. Devoted to the maintenance of law; faithful to lawful government, to the sovereign, or to a lover, friend, etc., esp. under trying circum- stances; true to a cause or to one's word. Lozenge, loz'enj, n. A figure with four equal sides, having 2 acute and 2 ob- tuse angles; a diamond; a rhomb ; a small cake of sugar, etc., often medi- cated, orig. of a diamond shape.— Lozenge molding. (Arch.) A molding used in Norman architecture, Lozenge Molding, having lozenge-shaped compartments or ornaments. Lubber, lub'ber, n. A heavy, clumsy fellow; esp. one unskilled in seamanship; sturdy drone; clown. Lubric, lu'brik, -brical, a. Having a smooth surface ; slippery ; wavering ; unsteady ; lascivious ; lewd. — Lu'bricant, n. That which lubricates. — Lu'bri- cate, v. t. To make smooth or slippery ; to supply with an oily, greasy, or other substance diminishing friction.— Lubrica'tion, n. Act of, etc.— Lu'brica 7 - tor, -ter, n. One who, or that which, etc. Lucent, lu'sent, a. Shining ; bright ; resplendent. — Lu'cid, -sid, a. Shining ; bright ; clear ; transpa- rent; easily understood; clear; distinct; luminous; sane; reasonable. — Lu'cifer, -sT-ier, n. The planet Venus, when appearing as the morning star, — ap- plied, in Isaiah, by metaphor, to a king of Babylon; hence, Satan ; a match made of wood tipped with a combustible substance, to be ignited by friction. — Lu'cubrate, v. i. To study by candle-light or a lamp. — Lucubration, n. Act of, etc.; nocturnal study ; that composed by night; any literary composition.— Lu'culent, a. Lucid; clear; evident. Lucern, lu'sgrn, n. A leguminous plant cultivated for fodder. Luck, luk, n. That which happens to a person; chance; fortune ; good fortune. — Luck'y, -T, a. [-ier, -iest.] Favored by luck ; fortunate ; producing good by chance, or unexpectedly; successful ; pros- perous; auspicious. — Luckless, a. Without luck; unfortunate ; meeting with ill-success. Lucre, lu'ker, n. Gain in money or goods ; profit. — Lu'crative, -kra-tiv, a. Yielding lucre ; gainful ; profitable. Lucubrate, Luculent, etc. See under Lucent. Ludicrous, lu'dT-krus, a. Adapted to excite laughter, without scorn or contempt ; sportive ; burlesque ; comic; droll; ridiculous. Luff, luf, v. i. [luffed (luft), luffing.] (Naut.) To turn the head of a ship toward the wind ; to sail nearer the wind. — n. The side of a ship toward the wind ; act of sailing a ship close to the wind ; the roundest part of a ship's bow; the forward or weather leech of a sail. Lug, lug, v. t. [lugged (lugd), -ging.] To pull with force, haul, drag ; to carry or convey with labor. — n. Anything drawn or carried with difficulty ; a weight ; effort of carrying anything heavy; in Scot., the ear, esp. its lobe ; that which projects like an ear, as the handle of a pitcher; a projecting piece in machinery to communi- cate motion, etc.; esp. a short flange by or to which something is fas- tened; a ring-shaped piece of leather, fastened to the saddle of a single harness, to hold up the Lu S- A < A > lu S s - shaft. — Lug'gage, -gej, n. That which is lugged or carried with difficulty ; anything cumbrous ; esp. a traveler's trunks, baggage, etc. ; something of more weight than value.— Lug'ger, n. A small vessel car- rying 2 or 3 masts, with a running bowsprit and lug sails. — Lug'sail, n. A square sail bent upon a yard that hangs obliquely to the mast at £ of its length. Lugubrious, lu-gu'brT-us, a. Mournful ; indicating sorrow. Lukewarm, luk'wawrm, a. Moderately warm ; nei- ther cold nor hot ; tepid ; not ardent ; not zealous ; indifferent. Lull, lul, v. t. [lulled (luld), lulling.] To cause to rest by soothing influences ; to quiet. — v. i. To become gradually calm, subside. — n. Power or quality of soothing ; a season of temporary quiet after storm or confusion. — LulKaby, -a-bl, n: A song to quiet babes. Lumbago, lunvba-'go, n. (Med.) A rheumatic pain in the loins and small of the back.— Lumbag/inous, -baj'T-nus, a. Pert, to lumbago. — Lum'bar, a. (Anat.) Pert, to, or near the loins. Lumber, lum'ber, n. Orig., a pawnbroker's shop, a pledge or pawn; anything cumbrous; things thrown aside as useless; timber sawed for use. — v.t. [lum- bered (-berd), -Bering.] To heap together in disor- der; to fill with lumber. — v. i. To move heavily, as if burdened; to rumble; to cut lumber and prepare it for market. Luminary, lu'mT-na-rT, n. Any body that gives light; esp., one of the heavenly bodies; one who illustrates any subject, or enlightens mankind. — Lu'minous, -mT-nus, a. Shining, emitting light ; bright ; clear, as if illuminated ; lucid. Lump, lump, n. A mass of matter, of no definite shape, or thrown together without order or distinc- tion.— v. t. [lumped (lumpt), lumping.] To throw into a mass ; to take in the gross, speak of collectively. — Lunch, n. A repast between breakfast and dinner; food taken at other than regular meal times; a light,- informal repast instead of a regular meal. — v. i. [lunched (luncht), lunching.] To take a lunch. — Lunch/eon, -un, n. Same as Lunch, n. Lune, lun, n. Anything in the shape of a half-moon. (Geom.) A crescent-shaped figure. — Lu'nar, a. Pert, to, or like, the moon ; orbed ; measured by the revolutions of the moon.— Lu'nate, -nated, a. (Bot.) Of the form of the half-moon ; crescent-shaped. — Lu'natic, a. Affected by lunacy; insane ; exhibiting lunacy. — n. One who is, etc.— Lu'nacy, -na-sT, n. A popular name for insanity ; Lunate Leaf, derangement; craziness.— Luna'tion, n. The period of a synodic revolution of the moon, or the time from one new moon to the next.— Lunette', -net',ra. (Fort.) A detached bastion. (Far.} A half horse- shoe. A somewhat flat watch-crystal; a kind of con- cavo-convex lens for spectacles; a covering for the eye of a vicious horse. (Arch.) An aperture in a concave ceiling. Bun, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. LUNG- 234 LYRA Lung, lung, n. (Anat.) One of the 2 organs of respira- tion in an air-breath- „ j „ * „ ■. ' , ins animal. e d a b c b a d e Lunge, Longe, lunj, n. A sudden push or thrust.— v. t. To de- liver a lunge in fen- cing. Lupine,lu / 'prn,ra. (Bot.) A leguminous plant of many species, some cultivated for their showy flowers, others as forage plants, or to I be plowed under as fertilizers. Lupuline, lu'pu-lin, n. (Chem.) The bitter principle of hops. The fine yellow pow- der of hops, which contains that princi- • j i h g f ■t£^.\. i* u ,-kt + s Lungs, Heart, and chief Vital Lurch, lSrch, n. (Naut.) A sudden roll of a Organs, in Man ship to one side. i. [lurched (lercht), lurching.] To with- draw to one side, or to a private place; to lie in ambush, lurk ; to , a, jugular veins ; b, b, carotid arteries ; c, trachea ; d, d, bron- chial veins ; e, e, bronchial ar- teries ; k, I, lungs ; g, right au- ricle ; h, inferior vena cava ; i, right ventricle ; j, aortal artery; /, left ventricle. dodge, play tricks ; to roll or pass suddenly to one side, as a ship in a heavy sea. — To leave in the lurch. To leave in a difficult situation, in embarrassment, or without help. — Lurk, v. i. [lurked (lerkt), lurk- ing.] To lie hid, he in wait; to keep out of sight. — Lurking-place, n. A place in which one lurks. — Lurcb/er, n. One that lies in wait, esp. a dog that lies in wait for game, and seizes it. as hares, rabbits, and the like; a glutton; gormandizer. Lure, liir, n. An object resembling a bird, held out by the falconer to call a hawk ; any enticement; de- coy; anything which attracts by promise of pleasure or advantage, —v. i. [lured (lurd), lurixg.] To call a hawk or other animal. — v. t. To draw to the lure; entice; attract. Lurid, lulid, a. Ghastly pale; yellow or red, as the sky when a tempest is coming; gloomy; dismal. Lurk, etc. See under Lurch. Luscious, lush'us, a. Sweet ; delicious; sweet or rich so as to cloy; fulsome. — Lush, a. Full of juice or succulence. Lust, lust, n. Longing desire; eagerness to possess or enjoy ; carnal appetite : concupiscence. — v. i. To desire eagerly, long ; to desire the gratification of carnal appetite ; to have irregular or" inordinate de- sires. — Lustlul, -fill, a. Havms: lust ; orovoking to sensuality; carnal;' licentious; lewd; lecherous. — Lusly, -tt, a. [-tier, -tiest.] Exhibiting vigor, health, etc.; able of body; large: robust; vigorous; healthful; bulky; corpulent; lustful. Luster, -tre, lusler, n. That which shines or is bril- liant: splendor; brightness; renown; distinction; a candlestick ornamented with pendants of cut glass. — Luslrous, -trus, a. Bright ; shining.— Luslring, n. A kind of glossy silk cloth. Lute, lift, n. A pear-shaped musical instrument, whose strings are struck with the right hand, while the left presses them upon the stops. Lute, lut, Luting, n. (Chem.) A composition of clay or other te- nacious substance, used for mak- ing joints of chemical vessels, etc., air-tight; a rubber packing ring; a coating of clay, sand, etc., to protect retorts, etc., when ex- posed to heat. — v. t. To close or coat with lute. Luteous, lule-us, a. Of a deep-yel- low, golden-yellow, or orange- yellow color. Lutheran, lulher-an, a. Pert, to Martin Luther, the reformer. — n. A disciple, or adherent to the doc- trines, of Luther or the Lutheran church. — Lu'- Lute. theranism, Lu'therism, -izm, n. Doctrines taught by Luther. Luxate, luks'at, v. t. To put out of joint, dislocate. — Luxalion, ru Act or state of, etc.; a dislocation. Luxury, luk'shoG-rl, n. Free or extravagant indul- gence in the pleasures of the table, and in costly dress and equipage ; anything delightful to the senses ; a dainty ; any delicious or costly food or drink; any article not necessary for health or com- fort; epicurism; effeminacy. — Luxuriate, v. i. To grow exuberantly, or to superfluous abundance; to feed or live luxuriously; to indulge to excess, de- light greatly.— Luxu'rialion, n. Act, or process of, etc. — Luxu'rious, -ri-us, a. Given to luxurv; vo- luptuous; administering to luxury; furnished with luxuries; softening by pleasure, or free indulgence in luxury. Lyceum, li-se'um, n. A place in Greece near the River Ilissus, where Aristotle taught philosophy; a place for instruction by lectures or disquisitions; a higher school, in Europe, which prepares youths for the university; an association for literary improvement. Lydian, lidl-an, a. Pert, to Lydia, in Asia Minor, or to its inhabitants; soft; effeminate, — said esp. of one of the ancient Greek modes or keys, whose music was of a soft, pathetic character. Lye, li, n. Water impregnated with alkali imbibed from the ashes of wood, used in soap-making, etc. — Lixivlal, -Y-al, a. Obtained by lixiviation ; con- taining alkali extracted from wood-ashes ; of the color of, or like lye or alkaline salts from wood-ashes. — Lixiviate, -ated, a. Pert, to lye ; impregnated with alkali from wood-ashes. —Lixiviate, v. t. To subject to the process of lixiviation; to leach. — Lix- iv'ialion, n. Operation or process of extracting sol- uble matter from insoluble by washing, filtering, or leaching, as alkali from ashes. — Lixivium, -T-um, n. Water impregnated with soluble matter, as with alkaline salts imbibed from wood-ashes. Lymph, limf, n. Water, or a pure, transparent fluid like water; a coagulable fluid in animal bodies, con- tained in vessels called lymphatics; the watery part of the pus or virus used in vaccination. — Lymphat'- ic, -fat Ik, a. Pert, to, of the nature of, containing, or conveying lymph; heavy in temperament; dull. —n. (Physiol.) One of the vein-like, valved vessels in vertebrate animals, which absorb the tymph fr. . various parts of the system and carry it to the tho- racic duct, etc.: see Lacteal. Lynch, linch, v. t. [lynched (lincht), lynching.] To inflict punishment upon without the forms of law; esp. to hang by mob-law.— Lynch '-law, ra. Pun- ishment of men, by private, unauthorized persons. Lynx, links, n. A sullen nocturnal feline animal of several species, with brilliant eyes, tufted ears, and short tail : it preys upon birds and beasts in the woods of N. Europe, Asia, and Amer. — Lynx'-eyed, -id, a. Having acute sight. — Lyn'cean, -se-an, a. Pert, to the lynx. Lyra, lila, n. (Astron.) A northern constellation, situated directly in front of Ursa Major. — Lyre, lir, n. (Mvs.) A ; stringed instru- ment of music; a kind of harp used by the an- cients. (Astron.) The constellation Lyra. — Ly'rist, n. One who plays upon the lyre. Lyre'-bird, n. An Australian' 1 bird, having the 16 tail feath- ers of the male arranged in the form of a lyre: it'is the only known speck's of its genus. — Lyric, lYrlk, -ical, a. Pert, to a lyre or harp; =~~' fitted to be sung to the lyre;^ appropriate for song. — Lyr'- . ic, n. A lyric poem; a song; a verse of the kind usually Lyre. Lvre-bird. employed in lyric poetry, — chiefly in pi. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r j M 235 MAGI M. Macaw. i. A mace M, em, the 13th letter of the Eng. alphabet, represents a labial articulation, and is called the labia! nasal. —As a numeral M = 1,000. {Print.) A quadrat, the face or top of which is a square, as formerly the letter M also was : it is the unit of measuring the amount of type in any work: this page in length is equal to 91 lines of pearl, in breadth 58 ; it would therefore measure 58 X 91 = 5,278 m's. [Written also em.) Ma, ma, n. Mother, — an abbr. of mamma, a child's title for mother. — Ma'am, mam, n. Madam, — a colloq. contraction of madam. Macadamize, mak-ad'am-iz, v. t. [-ized (-Tzd), -iz- ing.] To cover (a road! with small, broken stones, so as to form a smooth, hard surface. Macaroni, mak-a-ro'ni, n. An article of food com- posed of paste, chiefly of wheat flour, made into long, slender tubes; a medley; something extrava- gant, to please an idle fancy; a sort of droll or fool; a fop; beau; exquisite. — Macaroon', -roon', n, A small cake, composed chiefly of almonds and sugar. Macaw, ma-taw', n. A large bird of the parrot fam- ily, of several species, all having beautiful plumage and long tails, native of tropical America. Maccabees, mak'ka-bez, n. pi. Two books of the Apocrypha, which re- cord Jewish affairs in the time of the Maccabean princes. Maccaboy, mak'ka-boi, -co boy, n. Rose-flavored snuff. Mace, mas, n. A heavy metal club, anciently used as a weapon ; a staff borne by, or before, a magistrate as an ensign of authority ; a scepter; a rod used in billiards; a knobbed mallet used by curriers. — Ma'cer bearer ;_ a court officer. Mace, mas, n. A spice,— the 2d coat or aril which cov- ers the nutmeg, — extremely fragrant and aromatic. Macerate, mas'er-at, v. t. To soften and separate the parts of by steeping, as in a fluid, or by the digestive process. Machiavelian, mak'i-a-vel'yan, a. Pert, to Machia- vel, an Italian writer, or to his supposed principles; politically cunning; using duplicity; crafty. Machicolation, mach't-ko-la'shun, n. An opening be tween the corbels supporting a projecting parapet, in the floor of a gallery, or in the roof of a portal, for pouring hot liquids, etc., upon assail- ants approaching the walls; act of pouring or hurling mis- siles, etc., upon assailants through such apertures ; a parapet resting on corbels. Machine, ma-sheii', n. Any body or assemblage of bodies used to transmit and modify force and mo- tion; esp., a construction in which the several parts unite to produce given results; any instrument or organization by which power is applied and made effective, or a desired effect produced; a person who acts mechanically or at the will of another; supernat- ural agency in a poem. — Machin'ery, -shen'er-1, n. Machines collectively; the working parts of a machine, arranged to apply and regulate force ; means by which anything is kept in action ; esp. supernatural means by which the action of a ficti- tious work is carried on and brought to a catastro- phe. — Machinist, n. A constructor of machinery. — Machinal, mak'Y-nal, a. Pert, to machines.— Machinate, v. t. To plan; to form, as a plot or a scheme. — Machina'tion, n. Act of contriving a scheme for executing some purpose, esp. an evil one; a hostile ortreacherous scheme formed with de- liberation and cunning.— Machlna'tor,?;. One who plots with evil designs. -yrpTjT^ Machicolation. Mackerel. i Mackerel, mak'er-el, n. A food fish, blue, streaked with black, found in I the European and N. ! Amer. seas. Mackintosh, mak'in- tosh, n. A water-proof outer garment. Macrocosm, mak'ro- kozm, n. The great world; universe, — opposed to microcosm, or the little world constituted by man. — Macrom'eter , -krom / '- e-ter, n. An instru- ment for measuring inaccessible objects by means of 2 reflect- ors on a common sex- tant.— Mac'ropod , n. (Zobl.) A short-tailed, decapodous crusta- cean, having very JMacropoa. long feet; the sea-spider; spider-crab. Mad. mad, a. [madder, -dest.] Disordered in intel- lect ; distracted ; crazy ; insane; beside one's self; showing uncontrolled or unreasonable feeling or ac- tion, as from levity, willfulness, fear, pain, appetite, rage, etc.; esp., excited with violent or unreasonable desire or appetite, or with wrath; enraged; angry; proceeding from, or indicating, madness or fury. — v. t. [madded, -ding.] To madden.— Mad'den, -dn, v. t. [-desed (-dnd), -dening.] To make mad, furi- ous, or angry, drive to madness, craze, enrage. — v. i. To become mad, act as if mad. Madam, mad'am, Madame, ma-dam', n. ; pi. Mes- dames. ma-dam'. My lady, — a complimentary form of address to a lady, esp. an elderly or a mar- ried lady.— Madon'na, ma-don'na, h. Madam; my lady; a picture of the Virgin Mary, to whom the title Our Lady is given in the Rom. Cath. Church. — Mademoiselle, mad'mwS-zel', n. ; pi. Mesdemoi- selles, mad'mwS-zel''. Miss; young woman; girl, — used esp. in address. Madder, mad'der, n. A plant cultivated in Europe and the Levant, from whose root are made pigments for dyeing several shades of red, yellow, and purple. Madeira, ma-de'ra or -da'ra, n. A rich wine made on the Isle of Madeira. Madrepore, mad're-por, n. A reef-building polyp, or the white, stony, tree- shaped coral formed by ag- gregation of its cells. Madrigal, mad'rT-gal, n. A little amorous poem, or pastoral poem, containing some tender and delicate, though simple thought. (Music.) An elaborate vocal composition in 5_or 6 parts. Magazine, mag'a-zen', n. A warehouse or storehouse ; esp. a storehouse for mili- tary stores; building or room in which powder is kept in a fortification or ship; cartridge chamber of i phlet periodically published, containing miscellane- ous compositions. Magdalen, mag'da-len, n. A reformed prostitute. Magenta, ma-jen'ta, n. A red or crimson dye or color derived from aniline. Maggot, mag'got, n. The larval form of a fly ; a grub; worm.— Mag'goty, -got-T, a. Full of or infested with maggots; full of whims; capricious. Magi, ma'ji, n. Priests of the Persians; wise men of the East. — Magic, majlk, n. The pretended art, science, or practice of working wonders by aid ot supernatural beings, departed spirits, or occult pow- ers of nature ; sorcery ; witchcraft ; necromancy; Madrepore, repeating rifle; a pam- siin, cube, full ; moon, fot»t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNDON, chair, get. MAGISTERIAL 236 MAIZE 2 9 4 7 5 3 6 1 8 Magic Square. conjuration; enchantment. —Maggie, -ical, a. Re- lating to, performed by, or proceeding from, etc.; hence, imposing or startling in performance.— Mag- ic circle. A series of concentric circles containing the numbers 12 to 75 in eight radii, and having sim- ilar properties to the magic square. — M. lantern. An optical instrument consisting of a case contain- ing a lamp, whose light, passing through lenses, ex- hibits on a screen the magnified image of objects placed in the focus of the outer lens. — M. square. A series of numbers in a regular progres- sion, so disposed in parallel and equal rows, in the form of a square, that each row, taken vertically, horizontally, or di- agonally, shall give the same sum, same product, or a harmonical series, accord- ing as the series taken is in an arithmeti- cal, geometrical, or harmonical progres- sion. — Mag'ically, adv. — Magi'cian, -jish'an, n. One skilled in magic; an enchanter; sor- cerer or sorceress. Magisterial, maj-is-te'rY-al, a. Pert, or appropriate to a master or magistrate; authoritative; commanding; imperious ;_haughty; despotic; dogmatical.— Mag'- istrate, -trat, n. A person clothed with power as a public civil officer, executive or judicial. — Magis- tral, a. Suiting a magistrate; authoritative. (Phar- macy.) Prescribed for the occasion, — said of med- icines, disting. fr. such as are officinal, or directed by the pharmacopoeia. — Magistracy, -tra-sT, n. Office or dignity of a magistrate; the body of magis- trates. — Mag'na Char'ta, kar'ta, n. The great charter obtained by the Eng. barons from King John, A. d. 1215 ; a fundamental constitution which guar- anties rights and privileges. — Magnanimity, -T-tT, n. Quality of being magnanimous ; greatness of mind ; elevation or dignity of soul ; generosity .—Mag- nan, 'imous, -I-mus, a. Great of mind; raised above what is low, mean, or ungenerous; of lofty spirit ; exhibiting nobleness of soul ; liberal and honorable. — Mag'nate, -nat, n. A noble or grandee; a person of distinction. — Mag'nify, -nY-fi, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fying.] To make great or greater ; to increase the power or glory of, sound the praises of; to enlarge, amplify, augment, exaggerate. — v.i. To increase the apparent dimensions of objects.— Mag'nin'er, n. One who, or that which, magnifies; an optic il in- strument, which increases the apparent magnitude of bodies. — Magnificent, -T-sent, a. On a grand scale; imposing with splendor; grand in appearance; exhibiting grandeur ; pompous ; gorgeous ; grand ; brilliant. — Magnitude, -nl-tud, n. Extent of di- mensions or parts; bulk; size. (.Geom.) That which has one or more of the 3 dimensions, length, breadth, and thickness; anything of which greater or less can be predicated; greatness; grandeur; importance. Magnesia, mag-ne'zM-a or -zha, n. (Chem.) Oxide of magnesium, a white, almost insoluble, alkaline earth, used as an absorbent and antacid. — Magne'sium, -zhT-um, n. (Chem.) The undecomposable metallic base of magnesia. — Magnesium light. A brilliant light produced by burning metallic magnesium, — used in photographic processes. — Mag'net, n. The loadstone; a species of iron ore, which attracts iron and some of its ores, and, when freely suspended, points to the magnetic poles; a bar of iron to which the properties of the loadstone have been imparted. — Magnet'ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, or having the prop- erties of, the magnet ; pert, to the earth's magnet- ism; attractive. — Mag'netism, -izm, n. The force in nature which gives rise to the phenomena of at- traction, polarity, etc., exhibited by the loadstone and other magnetic bodies; science of magnetic phe- nomena ; power of attraction. — Mag'netize, v. t. [-IZED (-Tzd), -izing.] To communicate magnetic properties to ; to attract as if by a magnet; to move, influence ; to mesmerize. — v. i. To acquire mag- netic properties, become magnetic. Magnificent, Magnify, etc. See under Magisterial. Magnolia, mag-no 'H-a, n. A tree of several species having large fragrant flowers. Magpie, mag'pi, n. A long-tailed, crafty bird, allied to the crow, having black plumage above, glossed with green and purple, and snowy white below: it is i noisy and mischievous, and may he taught to speak. I Coat of Mail. Maguey, ma-gwa', n. A Mexican aloe, used for paper, clothing, cordage, etc. Mahogany, ma-hog'a-nT, n. A large tree, of tropical Amer.; the wood of the tree, of a reddish brown color, very hard, and susceptible of a fine polish; a dining table. Mahomedan, Mahometan. See Mohammedan. Mahout, ma-hoot 1 ', n. In India, a man in charge of an elephant; elephant-driver. Maid, mad, n. An unmarried woman; virgin; maiden; a female servant.— Maid'en, mad'n.n. A maid; an instrument resembling the guillotine, formerly used in Scotland for beheading criminals; a machine for washing linen. — a. Pert, to a j'oung unmarried woman or virgin ; consisting of virgins; fresh; new; pure ; unused. — Maid'enhead, n. Virginity ; the hymen or virginal membrane; that which a woman loses when first she has sexual intercourse. — Maid'- enhood, n. State of being a maid or virgin; virginity; newness; freshness; uncontaminated state; state be- fore marriage; girlhood. — Maid'enly, a. Becoming a maid; gentle; modest; reserved.— Maid'en-hair, n. A name for several delicate and graceful species of fern, all of which are used in medicine. Maihem._ See Maim. Mail, mal, n. Defensive armor com- posed of steel scales, rings, or plates; any defensive covering. (Naut.) An apparatus composed of rings in- terwoven, for rubbing off loost hemp on lines and white cordage. — v. t. To put a coat of mail or armor upon. Mail, mal, n. A bag for the convey- ance of letters and papers ; con- tents of such a bag, etc.; the person or conveyance carrying the mail. — v. t. [mailed (maid), mailing.] To put in the post-office for transmission by the mail ; to post. — Mail'able, a. Usually admitted, or proper to be admitted, into the mail. Maim, mam, v. t. [maimed (mamd), maiming.] To deprive of the use of a limb, or of a necessary part; to mutilate, mangle, disable. — Maim, in law lan- guage Mai'hem, May'hem, ma'hem, n. Privation of the use of a limb or member of the body, or of any necessary part ; mutilation ; injury. Main, man, n. Strength; force; violent effort. Main, man, a. Mighty; powerful ; vast ; first in size, rank, importance, etc.; principal ; chief ; capital. — n. The chief or principal part ; esp., the great sea, disting. from an arm, bay, etc. ; the ocean ; the con- tinent, disting. from an island ; mainland ; a prin- cipal duct or pipe, disting. from lesser ones ; esp., a principal pipe leading from a reservoir.— Main'ly, adv. Chiefly ; principally ; greatly ; mightily. — Main'mast, n. The principal mast in a vessel. See Ship. — Main'sail, n. The principal sail. See Sail. — Main'spring, n. The principal spring in a piece of mechanism ; esp. the moving spring of a watch or clock ; the chief or most powerful motive. — Main'top, n. The platform at the top of the main- mast of a ship, brig, etc.— Main'yard, n. The yard on which the mainsail is extended, supported by the mainmast. — Main'-deck, n. (Naut.) The deck next below the spar-deck in frigates and seventy-fours. See Ship. — land, n. The continent, the principal land,— opp. to island. — sheet, n. (Naut.) The sheet that extends and fastens the mainsail. — -stay, n. The stay extending from the foot of the foremast to the maintop; main support; principal dependence. Mainpernor, man'per-ner, n. (Law.) A surety for a prisoner's appearance in court at a day.— Maintain', -tan', v. t. [-tained (-tand'), -taining.] To hold or keep in any particular condition; to keep up, sus- tain; to keep possession of, hold and defend ; to continue ; to bear the expense of, supply with what is needed; to support by assertion or argument. — v. i. To affirm a position, assert. - Maintenance, -te- nans, n. Act of maintaining; sustenance; support; defense; vindication; that which maintains or sup- ports; means of sustenance. (Crim. Law.) An offi- cious intermeddling in a cause depending between others. _ Maize, maz, n. Indian corn, a large species of Amer. grass, cultivated as a forage and food plant; its seed, am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare s end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Odd, tone, or j MAJESTY 237 MAN f rowing on cobs and used as odd for men and animals. — Maize'na, ma-ze'na, n. A trade name for fine meal or farina, prepared from maize, for pud- dings, etc. Majesty, maj'es-ti. n. Grandeur; exalted dignity; imposing lofti- ness; the title of a king or queen, — in this sense taking a pi. — — Majes'tic, a. Possessing or exhibiting majesty ; of august dignity, or imposing grandeur ; splendid ; magnificent ; imperi- al; regal; royal; stately; lofty. Major, ma'jer, a. Greater in number, quantity, or extent; of greater dignity ; more impor- tant.— n. (Mil.) An officer next in rank above a captain and below a lieutenant-colonel. {Civil Law.) A person of full age. Maize. {Logic.) That premise which contains the major term. — Major' ity, -jQr'T-tY, n. Quality or condition of being great- er; esp. the military rank of a major; condition of being of age, to manage one's own concerns ; the greater number : more than half ; the number by which one aggregate (as of votes) exceeds all op- posed to it. — Ma'jor-do'mo, n. A steward ; a chief minister. — Ma'jor-gen'eral, n. {Mil.) An officer next in rank below a lieutenant general. Make, mak, v. t. [made (mad), making.] To cause to exist ; produce, frame, create ; to produce (some- thing artificial or false) ; to bring about, effect, do, execute, etc. ; to gain, as the result of one's efforts ; to suffer ; to find, as the result of computation ; to pass over the distance of, travel over; to put in a de- sired or desirable condition ; to cause to be or be- come, constitute; to cause to appear to be; to esteem, represent; to require, compel, force ; to compose, as parts, ingredients, or materials ; to form ; to serve or answer as; to reach, or arrive at ; to come near, so as to have within sight. — v. i. To tend, proceed, move ; to contribute, have effect ; to increase, aug- ment, accrue. — n. Structure ; texture ; constitu- tion of parts. — Mak'er, n. One who makes, forms, or molds; a manufacturer; the Creator. {Law.) One who signs or makes a promissory note. — Make'-be- lieve', n. A mere pretense. — shift, n. That with which one makes shift; a temporary expedient.— -up, n. The whole,— disting. from the parts com- posing it; general composition or structure; get-up; among actors, artificial preparation of the face, etc., for the stage. {Print.) Arranging of type into pages, with proper head-lines, etc. — weight, -wat, n. That which is thrown into a scale to make weight. Malachite, mal'a-klt, n. {Min.) Green carbonate of copper, found in Siberia, Cornwall, etc. Malacology, mal-a-kol'o-j Y, n. Science of the structure and habits of mollusks or soft-bodied animals. Maladministration, mal'ad-min'is-tra' shun, n. Faulty administration; bad management of public officers or official duties.— Maladroit', -a-droit', a. Clumsy; awkward ; unskillful.— Mal'ady, -a-d 1, n. Sickness or disease; esp., a lingering or deep-seated disorder; amoral or mental disorder; illness.— Malapropos', -ap'ro-po', adv. Unseasonably; unsuitably.— Mala'- ria, ma-la'rT-a, n. An unhealthy exhalation from wet land, etc., producing fever, ague, etc., in certain districts. — Mala'rious, -rt-us, a. Pert, to, or in- fected by, malaria. — Mai' content', n. One discon- tented; esp., a discontented subject of government. — Mai' content', MaPcontent'ed, a. Discontented; dissatisfied with the government.— MaPedic'tion, n. Denunciation of evil; declaration of a wish of evil; curse; imprecation; execration. — Mal'efac'tor, -ter, n. One who commits a crime; evil-doer; felon; con- vict. — Malefac'tion, n. A crime.— Maleficence, -T- sens.ra. Evil-doing. {Moral Philos.) The doing ill to others, — opp. to beneficence. — Malev'olent, a. Wishing evil; ill-disposed, or disposed to injure oth- ers; envious; spiteful; malicious; malignant. — Ma- lev'olence, -o-lens, n.— MaPforma'tion, n. Irregular or anomalous formation or structure of parts.— Mal'- ice, -is, n. A disposition to injure others unjustly, without apparent cause, or in revenge; deliberate in- tention to do mischief to another ; unprovoked ma- lignity or spite ; rancor. — Mali'cious, -lish'us, a. Indulging or exercising malice ; proceeding from hatred or malice ; mischievous ; bitter. — Malign', -lin', a. Having a very evil disposition toward oth- ers; malignant; pernicious; tending to injure. — v.t. [maligned (-lind'), -ligning.] To speak great evil of, traduce, vilif y. — Malig'nancy, -lig'nan-st, n. Quality of being malignant; malice. {Med.) Viru- lence; tendency to mortification or to a fatal issue. — Malig'nant, a. Disposed to do harm, inflict suffer- ing, or cause distress; exerting pernicious influence; heinous. {Med.) Tending to produce death ; viru- lent ; incurable. — Malprac'tice, -tis, n. Evil prac- tice ; illegal or immoral conduct ; esp. professional misconduct of a physician. — Maltreat', v. t. To treat ill, abuse.— Maltreat'ment, n. Ill usage; abuse. — MaPversa'tion, n. Evil conduct; corruption or extortion in office. Malaga.mal'a^ga, n. A wine from Malaga, in Spain. Male, mal, a. Pert, to the sex that begets or procre- ates young, disting. fr. the female; masculine. (JBot.) Having fecundating organs, but not fruit-bearing; staminate. — n. An animal of the male sex; a he. {Bot.) A plant which bears only staminate flowers. — Mal'lard, n. The common green-head or migra- tory wild duck of Europe and the Western U. S., the progenitor of the tame mallard ; the common domestic duck. Malediction, Malice, etc. See under Maladminis- tration. Mall, mawl, n. A large wooden beetle; a maul.— v. t. [malled (mawld), malling.J To beat with a mall; to maul.— Mall, mal, n. A level, shaded public walk. — Mal'leate, mal'le-at, v. t. To hammer ; to draw into a plate or leaf by beating. — Mal'leable, a. Ca- pable of being shaped, drawn out, or extended by beating. — Malleable iron. Iron so nearly freed from carbon, etc., that it may be wrought with a hammer. — Mal'let, n. A wooden hammer, used esp. for driv- ing a chisel. Mallow, mal'lo, -lows, -loz, n. A plant of the genus Malva — so called from its emollient qualities. Malmsey, mam'zi, n. A sort of grape; also, a kind of strong and sweet wine. Malpractice, Maltreat, etc. See under Maladminis- tration. Malt, mawlt, n. Barley, or other grain, in which the starch has been changed to saccharine matter by forced germination, and the sprouting checked by drying in a kiln : it is used in brewing. — v.t. To make into malt. — v. i. To become malt. Mamma, mam-ma', n. Mother, — a word of tender- ness and familiarity, used chiefly by children. Mamma, mam'ma, n. ; pi. -urn.. The breast; the pro- tuberant organ or gland in the female which secretes milk. — Mam'mal, n. {Zobl.) An animal of the highest class of vertebrates, the female of which suckles her young. — Mamma'lia, -lT-a, n. pi. A class of animals, comprehending the mammals. Mammon, mam'mun, n. Riches; wealth; also, the god of riches. Mammoth, mam'muth, n. A huge extinct elephant, of which the remains of several species have been found in northern regions. — a. Resembling the mammoth in size; gigantic. Man, man, n. ; pi. Men, men. An individual of the human race; a human being; esp., an adult male person; the human race; mankind; sometimes, the male part of the race, as disting. fr. the female; one of manly strength or virtue; a male servant; a mar- ried man; husband; a piece with which a game, as chess or draughts, is played.— v. t. [manned (mand), -ning.] To supply with men ; to furnish with strength for action, fortify.— Man'ly, a. [-her, -li- EST.] Having qualities becoming a man ; firm ; brave ; noble. — adv. With courage like a man. — Man'li- ness, n. — Mankind', -kind', n. The human race; man; men as disting. fr. women. — Man'ful, -ful, a. Showing manly spirit; bold. — Man'hood, -hdo'd, n. State of Deing, or qualities characteristic of or becom- ing, a man— Man'nish, a. Having the appearance of a man ; masculine.— Manslaughter, -slaw-ter, n. The slaying of a human being; murder. {Law,) The un- sttn, cQbe, full ; moon, fo"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. MANACLE 238 MANIOC lawful killing of a man without malice. — Man'ikin, -I-kin, n. A little man : dwarf; an anatomical model of the human body, with detachable pieces to show the parts and organs.— Man'- hole, n. A hole through which a man may enter a drain, boiler, etc., to clean or repair it. — mid'wife, n. A man who practices ob- stetrics. — trap, ». An ap- pliance for catching tres- ManacYe,' man'a-kl, re. An Manhole, closed by bridge instrument of iron for and bolt - fastening the hands ; handcuff ; shackle. — i: t. [manacled (-kid), -clisg.] To put fastenings upon the hands; to shackle. Manage, man'ej, v. t. [-aged (-ejd), -aging.] To have under control and direction; to guide by care- ful treatment; to bring around cunningly to one's plans; to train, as a horse; to exercise in graceful or artful action: to direct, control, contrive, conduct, transact.— o.i. To direct or conduct affairs.— Man'- ageable, a. Capable of being managed; admitting or suffering management; easily made subservient to one's designs; tractable; tamable: docile.— Man'- ageableness, re. — Management, re. Act of man- aging; manner of treating, directing, etc.; cunning practice; conduct directed by art or address; board of managers; administration; direction. — Man'ager, re. One who, etc.; a director; one who conducts busi- ness with economy and frugality; a good economist. — Manege', ma-nazli', re. The art of horsemanship, or of training horses; a riding school. Manchineel, manch-T-nel', re. A lofty "W. India tree, having a milky poisonous sap, but furnishing wood valued for cabinet making. Mandamus. See under Mandate. Mandarin, man-da-ren', re. A Chinese nobleman; a civil or military official in China ; the colloquial language of China; a variety of orange, orig. from China. Mandate, man'dat, re. An official or authoritative command; an order; precept; injunction; commis- sion. (Canon Law.) A rescript of the pope, requir- ing a person therein named to be put in possession of a vacant benefice. — Man'datory, -da-to-rt, a. Containing a command. — Man'datary, -ta-rT, n. One to whom a charge is given; esp., one to whom the pope has given a mandate for his benefice. (Law.) One who undertakes, without a recompense, to do some act for another in respect to a thing bailed to him. — Manda'mus, re. (Law.) A writ issued by a superior court to some inferior tribunal, corpora- tion, or person exercising public authority, com- manding the performance of some specified duty. Mandible, man'df-bl, n. The jaw (upper or lower) of a bird, — also applied to designate the lower jaw of a mammal, and the anterior or upper pair of jaws in some invertebrates. Mandrake, man'drak, n. A low-growing Oriental nar- cotic plant, with a large fleshy root, often forked. Mandrel, man'drel, re. (Mack.) A bar of which work to be turned is fixed or to which a tool is attached, as in a lathe; the spindle carrying the center- chuck of a lathe, and com- municating motion to the work, and usually driven by a pulley; an arbor. Mane, man, re. The long hair on the neck of some quadru- peds, as the horse, lion, etc. See Horse. Manege. See under Manage. Manes, ma'nez, n. pi. (Bom. Antiq.) The benevolent infernal dei'ies; deified shades of the departed. Maneuver, -noeuvre, ma-noo'ver, n. Management ; dexterous movement; esp., an evolution, or change of position among military or n.ival bodies; adroit proceeding ; intrigue ; stratagem. — v. i. [maneu- vered or -nceuvred (-vSrd), -neutering or -xceu- vringJ To make an evolution; to manage with art. — v. t. To change the positions of (troops, ships, etc.). Manful, etc. See under Man. Manganese, man/ga-nez', n. (Chem.) A metal of a dusky white or whitish-gray color, very hard and difficult to fuse. The black oxide of the metal. Mange, manj, n. The scab or itch in cattle, dogs, etc. — Man'gy, i -ji, a. [-gier, -giest.] Infected I with, etc. ; scabby. — Man'gi- ness, n. Mangel-wurzel, man'gl-wgr'zl, n. A Targe kind of field beet used for feeding cattle. Manger, manner, n. A fixed re- ceptacle to hold food for horses or cattle, in a barn or stable. (Naut.) A space at the fore-end of the deck, bounded by the ^ mangei- board, to prevent water -M-angei-wurzei. which enters the hawse-holes from running over the deck. Mangle, man/gl, ?■. t. [-gled (-idd), -glixg.] Tocut bungiingly, as flesh: to hack, lacerate, mutilate; to curtail, take by piecemeal. Mangle, man'gl, n. A machine for smoothing damp cloth or clothes by roller pressure. — v. t. To smooth (linen) with a mangle. — Man'gonel, n. An engine formerly used for throwing stones and battering Mango, man'go, n. An Asiatic tree of many species, culti- vated in the tropics; its lus- cious acid fruit; a green m us k-m e 1 o n pickled. Mangos tan, man' -steen, -sten, re. A tree of the E. Indies ; its delicious and wholesome fruit, about the size of a small orange. Mangrove, man'- grov, n. A tree Mango Tree. metal on Mandrel. of the muddy shores and deltas of the tropics, whose branches take root and form new trunks and whose seeds germinate while attached to the tree, forming dense forests extending into the water. Mangy. See under Mange. Manhaden. See Menhaden. Manhood. See under Man. Mania, ma'nl-a, re. Violent derangement of mind; uncontrollable desire; insane passion; madness; de- lirium: frenzy. — Ma'niac, -nT-ak, a. Raving with disordered intellect; mad. — re. One raving; a mad- man. Manifest, man'T-fest, a. Clearly visible to the eye ; obvious to the understanding ; apparent ; evident ; conspicuous; plain. — n. A list or invoice of a ship's cargo, to be exhibited at the custom-house. — v. t. To disclose to the eye or to the understanding ; to show plainly; to exhibit the manifests of, at the cus- tom-house. — Man'ifesta'tion. re. Act of. etc.; dis- play ; revelation. — Man'ifestly, adv. — Manifes'to, re. ; pi. -toes, -toz. A public declaration, usually of a sovereign, showing his intentions, or proclaiming his opinions and motives in reference to some act done or contemplated by him. Manifold, man'T-fold, a. Various in kind or quality; many ; numerous ; exhibited at divers times or in various ways. — v. t. To double or fold in many complications or thicknesses; to take many copies of by a mechanical process. Manikin. See under Man. Manilla, ma-nil'la, a. Of or pert, to Manilla, the capi- tal of the largest of the Philippine Islands. — re. A kind of cheroot or cigar made at, etc. Manioc, ma'nl-ok, re. A poisonous tropical shrub am, fime, far, pass or opera, fare ; fend, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; Sdd, tone, Sr ; MAKflPLE 239 MARGE from whose fleshy tubers cassava and tapioca are prepared; cp.ssava. Maniple, man'I-pl, n. A handful ; a small band of soldiers, a company ; a kind of scarf about the left arm of a Rom. Cath. priest.— Manip'ulate, -u-lat, v. t. To treat, work, or operate with the hands; to han- dle skillfully ; to re-arrange for a purpose, tamper with. — v. i. To use the hands, esp. in scientific ex- periments, artistic and mechanical processes, etc. — Manip / ula / 'tion, n. Act of, etc.— Manip'tila'tor, -ter, n. One who practices manipulation. Mankind, Manly, etc. See under Man. Manna, man'na, n. {Script.) A substance miracu- lously furnished as food for the Israelites in the wilderness; divinely supplied food. (Med.) A sweet- ish secretion from many trees, as the manna ash, European larch, etc. Manner, man'ne'r, n. Mode of action; way of effecting anything; characteristic mode of acting, conducting, etc.; habitual style; esp. style of writing or thought in an author ; a certain degree or measure ; sort ; kind; style; pi. carriage; behavior; decent and re- spectful deportment; customary method of acting. — Man'nerism, -izm, n. Adherence to a peculiar style or manner ; a characteristic mode of action, bearing, or treatment, carried to excess. — Man'ner 1t,f *, Cina a/1/lin+Qil +n m a n n p ri am — TWa/n'TiArlTT One addicted to mannerism. — Man'nerly, Showing good manners; civil; not rude or Manoeuvre. See Maneuvee. Manor, manner, n. {Eng. Law.) District over which a lord has feudal authority, — the tenants holding by copyhold; lordship; barony; house and land re- served by a person of rank for his own use. {Amer. Laiv.) A tract of land occupied by fee-farm tenants. — Mano^rial, -rf-al, a. Pert, to a manor. — Manse, mans, n. A house or habitation; esp. a parsonage- house ; a farm. — Man'sion, -shun, n. A house ; :;bode; esp. one of some size or pretension; house of the lord of a manor. Mansard-roof, man'sard-roof, n. {Arch.) A roof with 2 sets of rafters on each side, the lower nearly verti- cal, the upper much inclined, giving much space for chambers; French-roof; hip-roof; curb-roof. Mantel, man'tl, n. {Arch.) The ornamental work over a fire-place in front of the chimney, esp. a shelf above the fire-place.— Man'tel-piece, -shelf, -tree, n. Same as Mantel.— Man'tle, -tl, n. A loose garment worn over other garments ; a cloak; a covering or concealing envelope. {Zool.) The outer soft mem- brane of the body of amollusk; any free outer mem- brane. {Arch.) A mantel. — v. t. [mantled (-tld), -tling.] To cover or envelop, as with a mantle; to cloak, hide, disguise.— v. i. To rise and spread, ex- pand, be spread out, esp. in a graceful manner; to revel in pleasure; to become covered, as a liquid, on j the surface.— Man'tle-piece, -shelf, -tree, n. A man- ' tel.— Man'tua, -tu-a or -tu, n. A woman's gown or dress. — Man'tua-mak'er, man'tu-mak'er, n. A dressmaker; one who makes women's clothes. Mantis, mantis, n. A pugnacious, voracious, insec- tivorous, ort hop- t ero us insect, of s e v e ral s p e cies, of s 1 e n- der, gro- tesque form. Manual, " Mantis. man'u- ah a. Pert, to, or performed by, the hand; used or made by hand. — n. A small book, such as may be conveniently handled; a compendium; a hand-book; esp. the service-book of the Rom. Cath. church. {Mus.) The kev-board of an organ or harmonium. — Man'ufacfure, -fak'chur, n. The operation of making (wares) by the hands, by art, or machinery; anything made from raw materials. — v. t. [manu- factured (-churd), -Turing.] To make from raw materials, by the hand, by art, or machinery ; to work (materials) into forms for use. — Man'ufact''- nrer, n. — Manufactory, -to-rT, n. A house or place where anything is manufactured; a factory.— Man 7 - j umif, v. t. To release from slavery; to free, us a I slave.— Man'mnis'sion, -mish'un, n. Act' of,.- etc.— Manure', v. t. [-nured (-nurd'), -nuking.] To en- rich (land) by the application of a fertilizing sub- stance. — n. Any matter which makes land produc- tive ; a fertilizing substance. — Man'uscript, -u- skript, a. Written with the hand; not printed. — n. A book or paper written with the hand. Manx, manks, a. Of, or pert to, the Isle of Man. Many, meii'i, a. [more (mor); most (most); from a diiferent root.] Comprising, or consisting of, a great number of individuals; numerous; manifold; vari- ous; sundry. — n. A number; multitude; crowd, — chiefly in the phrases a great many, a good many. Map, map, n. A representation of the earth's surface or of part of it on a plane ; a chart. — v. t. [mapped (inapt), -ping.] To delineate (the figure of any por- tion of land); to describe well; to plan, mark out. Maple, ma'pl, n. A tree of the genus Acer, of several species, with hard wood and sweet sap. Mar, mar, v. t. [marred (mard), -ring.] To injure, esp. by cutting off a part, or by wounding and making defective ; to damage, harm, spoil ; to impair the good looks of, disfigure. — n. A mark made by bruising, scratching, etc.; an injury. — Mar'plot, n. One who frustrates a scheme by officious interfer- ence. — Mar'text, n. A blundering or ignorant preacher. Marabou, mar / a-boo / ', n. {Zool.) A kind of stork, producing white feathers used as ornaments. In Louisiana, the offspring of a mulatto and a griffe. Maranatha, mar-a-nath'a or -na'tha, n. The Lord comes, or has come, — a word used in anathematiz- ing persons for great crimes. Maraschino, mar-as-ke'no, n. A delicate spirit dis- tilled from cherries. Marasmus, ma-raz'mus, n. {Med.) A wasting of flesh without fever or apparent disease ; atrophy ; con- sumption; phthisis. Maraud, ma-rawd', v. i. To rove in quest of plun- der; to plunder. Marble, mar'bl, n. Calcareous stone or mineral, of compact texture and beautiful appearance, suscepti- ble of high polish; a thing made of, or like, marble, — as, a work of art, in marble ; a little ball used as a plaything by children; or, pi. a collection of antique works of art in marble. —v. t. [marbled (-bid), -blixg.] To stain or vein like marble; to variegate in color. March, march, n. The 3d month of the year. March, march, v. i. [marched (marcht), marching.] To move with a regular step and in order, as sol- diers; to walk in a deliberate or stately manner. — v. t. To cause to move in military array or in a body, as troops; to cause to go by peremptory com- mand or by force. — n. Military progress; advance of troops; measured and regular advance like that of soldiers; a piece of music, designed to guide the movement of troops; distance passed over between halting-places or in one day. March, march, n. A frontier of a territory; border; confine, —used chiefly in pi. Marchioness. See under Mark. Mardi-Gras, mar-de-gra/', n. The festival preceding Ash-Wednesday, the first daj T of Lent; Shrove-Tuesday. Mare, mar, n. The female of the horse, or equine genus of quadrupeds. — Mare's- nest. A fancied discovery of something absurdly ridiculous, or of some evil, scan- dal, or cause of anxiety, which proves to be baseless; a hoax. —Mare's-tail. A long streaky cloud, spreading like a horse's tail, and indicating rain. {£ot.) An aquatic plant, having silicious, jointed stems; horse-tail. Mareschal, mar'shal, n. Same as Mar- shal. Marge, marj, Mar'gent, mar'jent, n. A margin. — Mar'' gin, n. A border; edge; brink; verge; the part of a page at the edge left uncovered in writing or print- Comn. ing. {Com.) Difference between the price Mare's- of purchase and sale of an article, which {Bot.) sun, cube, full ; moon, ftfot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. MARGRAVE 240 MARTELLO TOWER leaves room for profit ; difference between the out- lay, expense, number, or amount of anything as es- timated, and that which is actually required or in- curred. (Stock Exchange.) Money whicn one specu- lating in stocks deposits with his broker, to secure him against loss.— v.t. [margined (-jind), -going.] To furnish with a margin; to border; to enter in the - margin of a page. — Mar 'ginal, a. Pert, to, written or printed in, etc.— Mar'ginate, -jT-nat, -gina'ted, a. Having a margin. Margrave, mar'grav, n. Orig., a lord of the borders or marches, in Germany; a nobleman of a rank equivalent to that of an English marquis. — Mar / - gravate, -gra'viate, -vf-at, n. The territory or juris- diction of, etc.— Mar'gravine, -ven, n. The wife of a margrave. Marigold, mer'- or mar'Y-gold, n. A plant of several genera, bearing yellow, orange, or brown flowers. Marine, ma-ren', a. Pert, to the sea, ocean, naviga- tion, naval affairs, etc.; naval; nautical. (Geol.) Formed by the action of currents or waves of the sea. — n. A soldier serving on shipboard; the sum of naval affairs; naval economy; collective shipping of a country. — Mar'iner, -T-ner, n. One who pursues a sea-faring life; a seaman: sailor. — Mar'itime, -T- tim, a. Bordering on the ocean; connected with the sea by situation, interest, power, etc.; pert, to navi- gation and naval affairs. Mariolatry, ma-rt-oKa-trt, n. The worship of the Virgin Marv. Marionette, mar / t-o-net'', n. A puppet made to act a part in a miniature pantomime. Marital. See under Marry. Maritime. See under Marine. Marjoram, mr.r / 'jo-ram, n. A plant of the genus Orig- anum, of several species : the sweet marjoram is aromatic, ard used in cookery. Mark, mark, n. A visible sign or impression, as a line, point, figure, streak, scratch, etc., made or left upon anything; a token; trace; a significative token; esp., a permanent impression of one's activity or charac- ter; distinguished preeminence; a character made, instead of signature, by one who cannot write; a thing aimed at; what one seeks to hit or reach. {Log- ic.) A characteristic or essential attribute; a differ- ential. — v. t. [marked (miirkt), marking.] To make a visible sign upon, affix a significant mark to; to notice the marks of, give attention to, remark, re- gard, note, observe, betoken, brand, — v. i. To take particular notice, note. — Letter of marque, -mark. A license from the supreme power of a state to its subjects, to make reprisals beyond its marches or borders ; esp. a commission authorizing a private armed vessel, in time of war, to take the property of a hostile state or of its subjects; the vessel so com- missioned ; a privateer. — Mar'quetry, -ket-rl, n. Inlaid work ; work inlaid with pieces of divers col- ored wood, shells, etc. — Mar'quis, -kwis, n. A nobleman in England, France, and Germany, of a rank next below that of duke. — Mar'quess, -kwes, n. A marquis. — Mar'quisate, -kwiz-et, n. The seigniory, dignity, or lordship of _a marquis. — Mar'- chioness, -shun-es, Marquise'', -kez /r , n. The wife of a marquis. — Marquee', -ke', n. A large field-tent. Mark, mark, n. A German silver coin=100 G. pfennig or about 24 cents. Market, market,?*. A public place or building where provisions, cattle, or other goods are exposed for sale ; occasion when goods are publicly bought and sold at private sale; a fair; gathering of people on such an occasion; a town, region, country, etc., where an article maybe disposed of by sale or barter; demand and sale; exchange, —v. i. To buy or sell; to make bargains. — Marketable, a. Fit to be of- fered for sale ; salable ; current in market. Marl, marl, n. A mixed earthy substance, consisting of carbonate of lime, clay, and silicious sand. — v. t. [marled (marld), marling.] To overspread or manure with marl. Marline, marlin, n. (Naut.) A small line composed of 2 strands a little twisted, for M "{£ e ' winding round rnpes, to prevent their being p fretted by the blocks, etc. —v. t. To wind marline around. —Marl, v. t. To wind with, etc. — Mar / - line-spike, n. An iron tool, tapering to a point, to i separate strands of arope, in splicing. Marmalade, mar'ma-lad, n. A pasty or jelly-like pre- 1 serve made of the pulp of fruit, boiled with sugar. 1 Marmoreal, mar-mo^re-al, -rean, a. Pert, to, or like, made of, or having the qualities of, marble. j Marmoset, mar'mo-zet', n. A small, agile, wary S. j Amer. monkey, having soft fur, sharp, hooked nails, I and a long, thick, hairy, non-prehensile tail. Marmot, mar'niot, n. A burrowing and hybernating rodent of Europe, Asia, and America, of many species, most of whicn (as the marmot of the Alps and Pyrenees and the prairie dog of Amer. ) live in communities, while others (as the Amer. woodchuck) are solitary. Maroon, ma-roon /r , n. A fugitive slave living on Alpine Marmot. | the mountains in the W. Indies and Guiana. — v. t. I [marooned (-roond'), -ROONING.] To put (a sailor) I ashore on a desolate isle, under pretense of his hav- ing committed crime. 1 Maroon, ma-roon'', a. Brownish-crimson; of a claret j color. — n. A claret color. Marplot. See under Mar. ; Marque, Marquetry, Marquis, etc. See under Mark. . Marriage, etc. See under Marry. Marroon. Same as Maroon, a. I Marrow, mar^ro, n. (Anat.) A soft, oleaginous sub- stance contained in the cavities of animal bones. The essence ; best part. — Mar/row-bone, n. A bone containing marrow, pi. The bone of the knee ; the knees. — Mar'rowfat, n. A rich but late variety I of pea. — Mar'rowless, a. — Mar'rowy, -ro-1, a. Abounding in marrow or pith; pithy. Marry, mar'rY, v. t. [-ried (-rid), -rying.] To unite in wedlock or matrimony; to dispose of in wedlock, give away as wife; to take for husband or wife; to unite closely.— v. i. To unite as husband and wife. — Mar'riage, -rij, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. ; legal union of a man and woman for life ; matri- mony ; wedlock ; wedding ; nuptials. — Mar'ital^ a. Pert, to a husband. [F.; L. maritalis.~] Mars, marz, n. (Lot. Myth.) The son of Jupiter and Juno, and god of war. (Astron.) The planet of the solar system next beyond the earth, conspicuous for the redness of its light.— Mar 'tial, -shal, a. Pert, or suited to war; military; given to war; brave; pert. to army and navy, — opp. to civil.— Martial law. An arbitrary kind of law, extending to matters of civil as well as of criminal jurisdiction, and proclaimed only in times of war, insurrection, rebellion, or emergency: it is quite distinct from military law. Marseilles, mar-salz', n. A fabric formed of 2 series of interlacing threads, forming double cloth, quilted in the loom, — first made in Marseilles, France. Marsh, marsh, n. A tract of low, wet land, at times covered with water; a fen; swamp; morass. Marshal, mar'shal, n. An officer of high rank, charged with the arrangement of ceremonies, conduct of op- erations, etc.; as, a harbinger, pursuivant; or one who regulates rank and order at an assembly, di- rects the order of procession, etc. ; or the chief offi- cer of arms, who regulates combats in the lists; in France, the highest military officer. (Am. Law.) A ministerial officer, who executes the process of the courts of the Lnited States, and has duties similar to a sheriff's: the name is also sometimes applied to certain police officers of a city. — v. t. [marshaled (-shald), -shaling.] To dispose in order, arrange in a suitable manner, as troops or an army; to lead, as a harbinger. Marsupial, mar-su^pt-al, a. (Zobl.) Having a pouch for carrying the immature young after birth; pert. to the group of quadrupeds having, etc. ; pert, to the J pouch of the marsupials. — n. One of the marsupial animals. Mart, mart, n. A place of sale or traffic; a market. Martello Tower, mar-teKlo-tow-'er. (Fort.) A round tower of masonry, erected on the sea-coast, bearing a gun that may be fired in any direction. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, tSrm ; tn, ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r ; MARTEN 241 MASTURBATION Marten. Martin. Marten, marten, n. A carnivorous animal of several species, allied to the weasel ; its fur, used for hats, muffs, etc. Mar-text. See under Mar. Martial. See under Mars. Martin, mar'tin, Mart'let, n. A species of swallow which builds its nest about the eaves, etc., of houses. Martinet, mar'tiii-et', n. {Mil.) A strict disciplina- rian ; a pedantic officer. [Name of an officer in the French army under Louis XIV.] (JStaut.) A small line fastened to the leech of a sail, to bring it close to the yard when the sail is furled. Martingal, mar'tin-gal, -gale, -gal, n. A strap fas- tened to a horse's girth, passing between his fore legs, and ending in 2 rings, through which the reins pass, to hold down his head, and prevent him from rearing. {Xaut.) A lower stay for the jib-boom or flying-jib-boom ; the short, perpendicular spar (= dolphin-striker) under the bowsprit end, which forms a strut for the stay: see Ship. {Gambling.) Act of doubling the amount lost on the preceding stake. Martlet. See Martin. Martyr, mar'ter, n. One who, by his death, bears witness to the truth of the gospel ; one who sacri- fices his life, or what is of great value, for any prin- ciple or cause. — v. t. [martyred (-terd), -tyring.] To put to death on account of faith or profession ; to persecute as a martyr, torment, torture. — Mar A - tyrdom, -dum, n. The condition or death of a martyr. Marvel, mar'Vel, n. That which arrests the attention, and causes admiration or surprise: a wonder ; prod- igy ; miracle. — v. i. [marveled (-veld), -vel- ing.] To be struck with surprise or admiration; to wonder. — Mar 'velous, -us, a. Exciting wonder or surprise ; prodigious ; surpassing belief ; improba- ble: incredible. Masculine, mas'ku-lin, a. Of the male sex ; net fe- male ; having the qualities of a man ; virile ; not effeminate ; unwomanly. {Gram.) Having inflec- tions, or construed with words, pert. esp. to male beings, as disting. fr. feminine and neuter. Mash, mash, v. t. [mashed (masht), mashing.] To crush by beating or pressure; to bruise. {Breiving and Distilling.) To steep ground grain and crushed malt in warm water. — n. A mixture or mass of in- gredients, beaten or blended together in a promis- cuous manner. Mask, mask, n. A cover for the face, with apertures for the eyes and mouth ; a visor ; that which dis- guises ; a pretext or subterfuge ; a festive entertain- ment in which the company wear masks ; a mas- ?.uerade; revel; piece of mummery ; a dramatic per- ormance writteu in a tragic style, introducing such characters that the actors must be masked. — v. t. [masked (maskt), masking.] To conceal with a mask, disguise, cover, hide. — v. i. To revel ; to be disguised. -Masque, mask, n. A mask; masquer- ade. [F.]— Mas'querade', mas'ker-ad' - , n. An as- sembly of persons wearing masks, and amusing themselves with dancing, conversation, etc.; elabo- rate hiding of what is true under a false show; dis- guise. — v. i. To assemble in masks, go in disguise. — Mj.s'querad'er, n. Mason, ma'sn, n. A builder in stone or brick; a brick- layer ; stonemason ; a member of the fraternity of Freemasons.— Ma 'noary, -sn-rt, n. Art or occupa- tion, work or performance, of a mason; art of build- ing, or that which is built, with stone or brick; craft or mysteries of Freemasons. — Masonic, -son'ik, a. Pert, to the craft of Freemasons. Masora, ma-so'ra, n. A critical Rabbinical work on the text of the Hebrew Scriptures. Masque, Masquerade, etc. See under Mask. Mass, mas, n. A body or lump of solid matter; a body of fluid matter ; a quantity collected; heap; assem- blage ; bulk ; magnitude ; size ; chief component portion; principal part; main body. {Physics.) The quantity of matter which a body contains, irrespec- tive of its bulk or volume. — v.t. To form into a mass, or a collective body; to assemble. — Mass'- ive, -iv, a. Forming, or consisting of, a large mass ; compacted; weighty; heavy. {Min.) Having a crys- talline structure, but not a regular form. — Mass'- iveness, n. State or quality of being massive. — Mass'y, -T, a. [-ier, -iest.] Compacted into, or consisting of, a mass; solid; bulky and heavy. Mass, mas, n. The communion service, or the consecra- tion and oblation of the host in Rom. Cath. churches. Massacre, mas'sa-ker, n. The killing of numbers of human beings by indiscriminate slaughter ; cold- blooded destruction of life ; butchery ; carnage. — v.t. [massacred (-kerd), -cring.] To murder cru- elly, butcher, slaughter indiscriminately. Masseter, mas-se'ter, n. {Anat.) A muscle which raises the under jaw, and assists in chewing. Massicot, mas'si-kot, Mas'ticot, n. {Chem.) Pro- toxide of lead, or yellow oxide of lead. Massive, etc. See under Mass, body or lump. Mast, mast, n. {JS r aut.) A pole, long round timber, spar, or iron pillar set upright in a vessel, to sustain the sails, yards, rigging, etc. : see Ship. — v. t. To furnish with, etc. Mast, mast, n. The fruit of the oak, beech, or other forest trees; nuts; acorns. Master, nias'ter, n. A superior; leader; chief, — em- ployed as a title of respectful address, also, familiarly to an inferior or a boy ; a ruler, governor, director, or manager: esp. an owner or possessor; proprietor; a person having others under his authority; the direc- tor of a school; teacher; instructor; one highly skilled in any occupation, art, or science . {Naid?) The com- mander of a merchant ship ; an officer in the navy, subordinate to captains and lieutenants in com- mand, who navigates the vessel. — v. t. [mastered (-terd), -TERrNG.J To become the master of; to con- quer, overpower, subdue ; to become an adept in. — Mas'terly, -ll, a. Indicating thorough knowledge or skill ; most excellent ; imperious ; domineering ; arbitrary. — Mas'tery, -T, n. Act of mastering ; position or authority of a master ; supremacy ; supe- riority in competition ; preeminence ; victory in war; eminent skill.— Mas'ter-piece, n. A capital performance; a chef-d'oeuvre. — Maes'tro, ma-es / '- tro, n. A master in any art, esp. in music ; a com- poser. Mastic, Mastich, mas'tik, n. A low, shrubby tree of the islands and coasts of the Mediterranean, pro- ducing a valuable resin; the resin of the mastic tree, used as a chewing gum, as an aromatic and astrin- gent, and in varnishes; a cement used for plastering walls, etc. — Mas'ticate, -tT-kat, v. t. To grind with the teeth, and prepare for swallowing and digestion : to chew.— Mastica'tion, n. Act or opera- tion of, etc. — Mas'tica- ^mb»h tory, -tT-ca-to-r 1, Chewing; adapted to 1 perform the office of chewing food. — n. {Med.) A substance to be chewed to increase the saliva. Masticot. See Massicot. Mastiff, mas'tif, n. ; pi. -tiffs. A large and trusty variety of dog, of great strength and courage. Mastodon, mas'to-don, n. An extinct mammal re- sembling the elephant, but larger, and having mas- toid processes on the teeth. — Mas'toid, -toid, a. Re- sembling the nipple or breast. — Mastol'ogy, -o-jT, n. Natural history of ani- mals which suckle their young. Masturbation, mas-ter-ba'- c . , . #•»«•„„ shun, n. Production of the Skeleton of Mastodon, sexual orgasm by handling one's private parts, — a degrading and health-destroying vice ; onanism ; self-pollution. ^> Mastiff. sun, cube, full ; moon, f<3ot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. 16 MAT 242 MAUL-STICK Mat, mat, n. A texture of sedge, rushes, husks, etc., j for cleansing shoes or to cover a part of the floor; a ; rug; any similar fabric for various uses ; anything I growing thickly, or closely interwoven. — v. t. To cover or lay with mats; to twist together, interweave. . — v. i. To become interwoven like a mat. — Mat'- ! ting, n. Mats collectively ; materials for mats ; a \ carpet made of straw, etc., or a texture used in j packing goods, etc. Matadors, mafa-dor, n. One of the 3 principal cards in the game of omber and quadrille ; the man ao- pointed to kill the bull in bull-fights. Match, mach, ». A combustible substance used for retainiug, conveying, or communicating fire; a small j strip of wood, etc.. having one end covered with a composition which ignites by friction. — Match/- lock, n. The lock of a musket containing a match for firing it ; a musket fired by a match. Match, mach, n. A person or thing equal to another in quality ; an equal ; mate ; a bringing together of 2 parties suited to one another, as for a union, a trial of skill or force, etc. ; a contest to try strength or skill, or to determine superiority ; a marriage ; a can- didate for matrimony. — v. t. [matched (macht), matching.] To be a mate or match for ; to rival | successf ully ; to furnish with its match ; to bring a ; mate, match, or equal, against ; to set in competi- i tion ; to make equal, proportionate, or suitable ; to j marry, give in marriage. — v. i. To be united in | marriage; to be of equal size, figure, or quality; to tally, correspond. — Matchless, a. Having no equal ; unrivaled. — Match'-maker, n. One who contrives a marriage. — mak'ing, ". — Mate, mat, n. \ One who customari^ associates with another; acorn- ] panion ; a husband or wife ; a bird or animal which j has paired with one of the opposite sex; one suitable I to be a companion; a match. (X~aut.) An officer in a merchant vessel next below the captain; an assist- j ant. — v. t. To match, marry, pair ; to match one's self against, compete with. Materia, ma-te'rT-a, n. Matter; substance. — Mate-] ria medica. (Med.) All substances used as curative I agents in medicine ; science of the nature and prop- \ erties of substances used for the cure of diseases. — Mate'rial, a. Consisting of, or pert, to, matter ; physical ; pert, to, or affecting, the physical nature of man, as disting. f r. the moral or religious nature ; of solid or weighty character ; of consequence, not to be dispensed with. (Logic.) Pert, to the matter, as opposed to the form, of a thing. Corporeal ; bod- ily; weighty; momentous; essential. — n. Substance of •which anything is or may be made. — Mate'ri- alism, -izm, n. Doctrine of materialists ; tendency to give undue importance to material interests; de- votion to the material nature and its wants.— Mate'- rialist, n. One who denies the existence of spiritual substances, and maintains that the soul of man is the result of a particular organization of matter in the body; one who maintains the existence of mat- ter, — disting. fr. the ideali.pt, who denies it. — Ma- te / rialist /r ic, -ist'ical, a. Pert, to materialism or materialists. — Mate'rial'ity, -i-tT, n. Quality of being material; material existence; corporeity; im- portance. — Mate'rialize, i>. t. [-ized (-Tzd), -izing.] To reduce to a state of matter, regard as matter ; to explain by the laws or principles appropriate to mat- ter ; to occupy with material instead of moral or religious interests. (Spiritualism.) To pretend to present a spirit or departed soul under a material form or body. — Materially, adv. In the state of matter; in its essence; substantially; in an impor- tant manner or degree; essentially.— Mate'rialness, n. State of being material : importance. — Mate- riel, -ta're-el, n. That in a complex system which constitutes the materials, or instruments employed, disting. fr. the personnel, or men. Maternal, ma-ter'nal, a. Pert, to, or becoming a mother; motherly. — Mater'nity, -nt-tY, n. State, character, or relation of a mother. — Mafricide, -rt- sid, n. The murder, also the murderer, of one's mother. — Mafrimony, -ri-mo-nY, n. Union of man and woman as husband and wife; the nuptial state; marriage; wedlock. — Matrimo'nial, a. Pert, to, or derived from, marriage; connubial; conjugal; nup- tial: hymeneal. - Ma v tron. n. A married woman; Act Matrix. the female head of a household ; esp. an elderly, motherly woman; a head nurse in a hospital; a fe- male superintendent of any institution. Mathematic, math-e-mat'ic, -ical. a. Pert, to, or ac- cording to the principles of, mathematics: theoreti- cally precise ; very accurate. — Mathematically, udv. According to the principles of mathematical science; demonstrably.— Matb/emati'cian, -tish'an, n. One versed in mathematics. —Mathematics, n. Science of the properties, measurement, and exact relations of numbers, quantities, or magnitudes, and ot the methods and processes by which problems are solved, — including arithmetic, geometry, algebra, etc. Matin, rnat'in, a. Pert, to, or used in the morning.— n. Morning worship or service, prayers or song ; time of morning service: the first canonical hour m the Rom. Cath. church. — Matinee, -e-na, n. A re- ception or entertainment in the early part of the day. — Mat'uti'nal, Mat'utine, -u-tln, a. Pert, to the morning; early. Matrass, mat'ras, n. An egg-shaped glass chemical vessel with tapering neck, used for distilling, digest- ing, etc. Matress. See Mattress. Matricide, Matrimony, etc. See under Maternal. Matrix, ma'triks, Matrice, ma'tris or mafris, n. ; pi. Mat'rices, -rl-sez. (Anat.) The womb. That which gives form or modifies any- f thing; as, (Mech.) a mold, as for the face I of a type; (Min.) the earthy or stony sub- stance in which metallic ores or crystalline minerals are found; pi. (Dyeing.) the 5 simple colors, black, white, blue, red, and yellow, of which all the rest are composed. — Matric'ulate, -trik'u-lat, v. t. To enter or admit to membership in a body or soci- ety, esp. in a college or university, by en- rolling the name in a register. — n. One matriculated. — Matric'ula'tion, r, of, etc. Matron, etc. See under Maternal. Matter, maftSr, n. That of which the sensible uni- verse and all existent bodies are composed ; body ; substance ; that of which anything is composed ; material or substantial part of anything ; that with regard to, or about which, anything takes place ; subject of thought, emotion, speech, or action ; con- cern; affair: business; thing of consequence; impor- tance; moment; inducing cause or occasion : indefi- nite amount, quantity, or portion; pus; purulent sub- I stance. (Print.) Copy; tvpe set up. (Metaph.) That ■which is the subject of any mental operation or psy- chological or logical process; substance, as opp. to j form. — v.i. [mattered (-t?rd), -tering.] To be of importance ; to import, signify ; to form pus or matter, maturate. Matting. See under Mat. Mattock, maftok, n. A kind of pickax, with ax and adze-shaped eutting ends, instead of points. Mattress, maftres, n. A bed stuffed with hair, moss, or other soft mate- rial, and quilted or tied. ; Mature, ma-fur', a. Brought by nat- j ural process to completeness or per- i fection of development; completely worked out; fully digested: come to suppuration; ! ripe. — v. t. [matured (-turd'), -Turing.] To briHg or hasten to perfection ormaturity: to perfect, ripen; to make fit or ready for a special" use. — v. i. To be- come ripe or perfect: to become due, as a note.— Mature'ness, Maturity, -rt-H, n. State of being mature; ripeness; termination of the period a note has to run. Matutinal, Matutine. See under Matin. Maudlin, mawd'lin, a. Drunk ; fuddled ; stupid ; weak or silly, as if half drunk: sickly sentimental. Manger, -gre, maw'ger. prep. In spite of; in opposi- tion to; notwithstanding. Maul, mawl, n. A large, heavy hammer or beetle, usu- ally of wood. — v. t. [mauled (mawld), mauling.] To beat and bruise. Maul-stick, mawl'stik, n. The stick used by painters to keep the hand steady in working. Mattock. &m, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Yn, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r ; MAURESQUE 243 MECHANIC Mauresque. See under Mooe. Mausoleum, ma w-so-le'um, n. A magnificent tomb, or stately sepul- <^.. chral monu- ment, chapel, or edifice. — Mausole ' an, a. Pert, to a mausoleum ; monumental. Mauve, mov, n. A purple or lilac colcring matter ob- tained from aniline; t h e color itself. Mavis, ma'vis, n. (Ornith.) Mausoleum. The throstle or song-thrush. Maw, maw, n. A stomach of one of the lower ani- ; mats, or, in contempt, of a man ; in birds, the craw. — Maw'-worm, n. (Med.) An intestinal worm. Mawkish, mawkish, a. Apt to cause satiety or loath- | ing; nauseous; disgusting; squeamish. Maxillar, maks'il-lar, -lary, a. (Anat.) Pert, to the j jaw.— Maxillary bone. A bone of either jaw, having j an alveolar process in which the teeth are set. Maxim, makslm, n. An established principle or proposition ; a condensed statement of important ] practical truth ; axiom ; aphorism ; apothegm : ad- j age; proverb.— Max'imum, n.;pl. -ima, -ma. (Math. and Physics.) The greatest quantity or value attain- | able in a given case ; greatest value attained by a i quantity which first increases and then begins to de- i crease ; highest point or degree. May, ma, v. [imp. might (mit).] An auxiliary verb i qualifying the meaning of another verb, by express- ' ing ability or possibility ; or moral power, liberty, permission, allowance ; or contingency or liability ; or modesty, courtesy, or concession, or a desire to soften a question or remark; or desire or wish. May, ma, n. The 5th month of the year; the early part of life ; the flowers of the hawthorn, which bloom in May. — May'day, n. The first day of May. — v. i. To gather flowers on May morning. Mayhem. See Maim. Mayonnaise, ma-on-naz', n. A salad compounded of oil, vinegar, pepper, and salt, with raw yolks of eggs; a dish of meat, etc., with this sauce. Mayor, ma'gr or mar, n. The chief magistrate of a city or borough ; chief officer of a municipal corpo- ration.— May'oralty, -al-tl, n. The office of a mayor. Maze, maz, n. A baffling net-work of paths or pas- sages; confusion of thought; labyrinth; perplexitv ; intricacy. — v. t. [mazed (mazd), mazing.] To confound with intricacy; to amaze, bewilder.— Ma'- zy, -zt, a. Perplexed with turns and windings; in- tricate; confusing; perplexing. Me. me, pron. pers. Myself; the person speaking,— objective case of 7. Mead, med, ri. A fermented liquor made of honey and water with malt, yeast, etc.; a drink made of water flavored with sirup of sarsaparilla, etc., and impreg- nated with carbonic acid gas. Mead, med, Mead'ow, med'o, n. A tract of low or level grass land, esn. land somewhat wet, but cov- ered with grass.— Mead'owy, -o-T, a. Pert, to, like, or consisting of, meadow. Meager, -gre, me'ggr, a. Having little flesh ; thin ; lean; destitute of richness, fertility, strength, etc. ; defective in quantity, or poor in quality ; wanting strength of diction or affluence of imagery; starved; scanty^ barren. Meal, mel, n. A portion of food taken at one time; a repast._ Meal, mel, n. Grain coarsely ground and unbolted, esp. oats or maize. — Meal'y, -T, a. [-ier, -iest.] Having the qualities of meal ; soft ; smooth ; like meal: farinaceous; dry and friable: overspread with something that resembles meal. — MeaKy-mouthed, -mowthd, a. Having a soft mouth; unwilling to tell the truth in plain language. Mean, men, a. Destitute of eminence ; wanting dig- nity of mind ; destitute of honor ; of little value ; base; ignoble; humble; poor; degraded; degenerate; vile; servile; despicable; paltry: sordid. Mean, men, a. Occupying a middle position ; inter- vening; intermediate in excellence. (Math.) Aver- age ; having an intermediate value between 2 ex- tremes. — n. That which is intermediate between 2 extremes ; middle point, place, rate, or degree ; me- dium. (Math.) A quantity having an intermediate value between several others, from which it is de- rived, and of which it expresses the resultant value; average. Intermediate agency or measure, instru- ment, — usually in pi. (means), but with a singular attribute or predicate; pi. resources; property; rev- enue.— Mean'time, -while, adv. In the intervening time; during the interval. Mean, men, y. t. [meant (ment), meaning.] To have in mind, view, or contemplation; to intend; to pur- pose, design; to signify, indicate, denote. — Mean / '- ing, n. That which is meant; intent; purpose; aim; that which is signified; sense; import. Meander, me-an'der, n. A winding course; a turning in a passage; an intricate or tortuous movement. — v. t. [meandered (-derd), -dering.] To wind, turn, or flow round. — v. i. To wind or turn. Measles, me'zlz, 7i.pl. (Med.) A very contagious dis- ease, with inflammatory fever, catarrhal symptt ms, and an eruption of red points grouped in circles or crescents,— it is often fatal, or leaves dreaded seque- la?; rubeola. A disease of swine. Measure, mezh'er, «. Extent, dimensions, or capacity of anything; aggregate measurements to determine the shape and size, as for clothing; limit; allotted share, as of action, influence, ability, etc.; modera- tion; due restraint; a standard of dimension: rule by which anything is adjusted or judged; an instru- ment for measuring size or quantity; contents of a vessel by which quantity is measured ; a stated or limited quantity or amount ; undefined quantity; extent; degree; means to an end; regulated division of movement, as, (Dancing.) a grave, solemn style of dance, with slow and measured steps; or, (Mus.) that division of the time by which the air and mo- tion are regulated ; or, (Poeti-y.) meter ; rhythm ; hence, a foot. pi. (Geol.) Beds or strata. — v. t. [measured (-era), -uring.] To ascertain the extent, quantity, capacity, or dimensions of; to serve as the measure of ; to estimate, value, appraise ; to pass through or over in journeying : to adjust, propor- tion; to allot or distribute by measure. — ?;, i. To have a certain extent or bulk. — Lineal or long meas- ure. The measure of lines or distances. — Square m. The measure of the superficial area of surfaces in square units, as inches, feet, miles, etc.— Meas'ure- less. a. Without measure; boundless: endless; vast; infinite; immeasurable. — Meas'urement, n. Act or result of measuring; mensuration; amount or quan- tity ascertained by measuring; the area.— Meas / '- urer, n. Meat, met, n. Food in general; flesh of animals; edi- ble portion of anything. Mechanic, me-kan'ik chines orinstniments; a workman employed in the mechanic arts; artificer; artisan; oper- a t i v e . — Mechanic, -ical, a. Pert, to, gov- erned by, or in accord- ance with, the princi- ples or laws of me- chanics; depending upon mechanism or machinery; done as if by a machine, or with- out conscious exertion of will; pert, to arti- sans or mechanics: made by mechanical means, and not by chemical action. — Me- chanical poivers. Cer- tain simple instru- ments (the lever, in- clined plane, wheel One who works with ma- 1 Ij =«^ Mechanical Powers. lever ; 2, inclined plane ; c, wheel and axle ; 4, screw ; 5, pulley ; G, wedge. and axle, screw, pulley, wedge, and their modifica- sun, cube, full ; moon, fobc; tow, oil; linger or ipk, then, boNboN, chair, get. MEDAL 244 MELODRAMA tions) which convert a small force acting through a great space into a great force acting through a small space, or vice versa. — Mechanically, adv. — Me- chanlcalness, n. — Mechanician, -nish'an, n. One skilled in mechanics; a machinist. — Mechanics, n. sing. That science which treats of forces and pow- ers, and the construction and use of machines and instruments to utilize the laws of matter and motion. — Mecb/anism, -nizm, n. The construction of a ma- chine; the parts of a machine taken collectively. — Mech'anist, n. A maker of machines; one skilled in mechanics. Medal, med'al, n. A coin-shaped piece of metal, with a device to commemorate an action, event, or person, or given as a reward of merit.— Medallion, -yun, n. A large antique medal ; a circular or oval tablet, bearing a portrait or ornament in relief. Meddle, med-Ml, v. i. [-dled (-did), -dling.] To mix with another person s affairs in an unnecessary, im- pertinent, or improper manner; to interpose offi- ciously, interfere, intermeddle; to touch or handle. — Mecrdler, n. One who meddles; a busybody.— Med'dlesome, -sum, a. Given to meddling; officious- ly intrusive.— Med'dlesomeness, n. — Medley, -IT, n. A mixture; jumble; hodge-podge. (Mus.) A com- position containing detached passages from several different compositions. — Melange, ma-laNzh'', n. A medley; mixture. [F.]— Mell, v. i. To mix, meddle. — Melee, ma-la', n. A fight in which the combatants are mingled in one confused mass; a hand-to-hand conflict. Medial, me'dt-al, a. Pert, to a mean or average; mean. — Me'dian, a. Running through the middle.— Me'- diant, n. (Mus.) The 3d above the key-note, — so called because it divides the interval between the tonic and dominant into 2 thirds. — Me'diate, -at, a. Being bet'veenthe 2 extremes; middle; intervening; acting as a medium; acting by means, or by an in- tervening cause or instrument. — v. i. To interpose between parties, as the equal friend of each; to arbi- trate, intercede.— v. t. To effect by mediation or in- terposition. — Me'diately, adv. In a mediate man- ner; by a secondary cause. — Media'tion, n. Act of mediating; action as a necessary condition, means, or instrument; interposition; intervention; agency between parties at variance, to reconcile them; en- treaty for another. — Me'dia'tor, -ter, n. One who mediates, esp. between parties at variance; interces- sor; advocate ; propitiator; hence, by way of emi- nence, Christ is called the Mediator. — Me'dio'cre, -dY-o'kr, a. Of a middle quality; indifferent; ordi- nary; commonplace. — n. One of indifferent tal- ents or ordinary abilities.— Medioc'rity, -ok'rl-tl, n. Quality of being mediocre ; a moderate degree or rate. — Me'dium, -dY-um, n. ; L. pi. -dia, -dTf-a, E. pi. -di- ums, -dY-umz. That which lies in the middle; inter- vening body or quantity; middle place or degree ; mean. (Math.) See Mean. (Logic.) The mean or middle term of a syllogism. An intervening or per- vading substance; instrumentality of communica- tion; agency of transmission; esp. in animal magnet- ism, spiritualism, etc., a person through whom the action of another being is said to be manifested and transmitted; a kind of printing paper of middle size. — Mediaeval, -e'val, a. Of or pert, to the middle ages. [L. sevum, age.] Medicine, med'Y-sin or med'sn, n. Any substance administered in the treatment of disease; remedy; physic; science of the prevention, cure, or allevia- tion of disease. — Medicinal, -dis'r-nal, a. Having the property of healing or of mitigating disease ; pert, to medicine. —Medicinally, adv. — Medical, -ik-al, a. Pert, to medicine, or the art of healing disease ; tending to cure; medicinal ; adapted, in- tended, or instituted to teach medical science. — Medically, adv.— Medicament, n. Anything used for healing diseases or wounds ; medicine ; healing application. — Medicate, v. t. To tincture or im- pregnate with anything medicinal; to treat with a medicine, heal, cure. Medieval, Mediocre, etc. See under Medial. Meditate, med'I-tat, v. i. To dwell on anything in thought; to revolve any subject in the mind; to in- tend, think, ruminate, cogitate, study. — v. t. To plan, contrive, intend. — Medita'tion, n. Act of meditating; close or continued thought; musing; re- flection.— Meditative, -tiv, a. Addicted to, express- ing, or appropriate to, etc. Mediterranean, med'I-tgr-ralie-an, a. Surrounded by land; inland; pert, to the Mediterranean Sea. Medium. See under Medial. Medlar, medlar, n. A kind of tree, and its sour, as- tringent fruit, eaten when approaching decay. Medley. See under Meddle. Medullar, me-dullar, Med'ullary, -ul-la-rY, a. Pert, to, consisting of, or resembling, marrow. (Bot.) Filled with spongy pith; pithy. Meed, med, n. That bestowed in consideration of merit; reward; recompense. Meek, mek, a. Not easily provoked or irritated; esp. submissive to the divine will: gentle; yielding; for- bearing; unassuming: humble. Meerschaum, mer'shawm, n. (Min.) Hydrous silicate of magnesia, — a fine white clay, consisting of mag- nesia, silica, and water: when first taken out it is soft, and makes lather, like soap. A tobacco-pipe made of this mineral. Meet, met, v. t. [met, meeting.] To come together with from an opposite direction, fall in with ; to come face to face with, join; to come upon with a hostile object, encounter; to have befall one, lighton, find, receive.— v. i. To come together by mutual ap- proach, converge, join; to come together with hostile purpose; to assemble together, congregate, collect; to agree, harmonize. — Meeting, n. A coming togeth- er; interview; a congregation: collection of people; convention; a religious assembly; in Eng., applied distinctively and disparagingly to a congregation of dissenters. Meet, met, a. Adapted, as to a use or purpose; fit; proper; convenient; suitable; appropriate. Megalosaur, meg'a-lo-sa wr', -saulus, -sawlus, n. An extinct gigantic carnivorous saurian or lizard. — Megatherium Cuvieri. Megathelium, -thelT-um, n. An extinct gigantic mammiferous edentate quadruped allied to the sloths. Melancholia, mel-an-kolY-a, n. (Pathol.) Mental un- soundness characterized by depression of spirits, unfounded fears, and brooding over one particular subject: it often attends disorders of the liver and digestive organs.— MeKancholy, -kol-T, n. A gloomy state of mind; dejection of spirits.— a. Depressed in spirits; causing dejection; sad; unhappy; hypochon- driac; doleful; dismal; afflictive.— Mel'anchol'ic, a. Given to, etc. — Mel'anchol'iness, n. Melange, Melee, Mell. See under Meddle. Meliorate, meKyor-at, v. t. To make better, improve, ameliorate. — v. i. To grow better. — Melioration, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; improvement. Melliferous, mel-lif'er-us, Melliflc, a. Producing honey. — Mellifluent, -lu-ent, -luous, -lu-us, a. Flowing as with honey; smooth; sweetly flowing. Mellow, mello, a. Soft; not hard, harsh, tough, or unyielding, — as, soft with ripeness, ripe ; or well broken and lying lightly, as soil; or not hard, coarse, or rough to the senses; soft, rich, delicate, — said of sound, color, flavor, etc.; well matured; genial; jovi- al with liquor; slightly intoxicated; fuddled. — v. t. [mellowed (-lod), -lowing.] To make mellow, ripen, soften by age; to pulverize. — v. i. To become soft; to be ripened, matured, or brought to perfec- tion. Melodrama, mel-o-dra/ma or -dra'ma, n. A dramatic $m, f^me, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Yn, Ice ; JJdd, tone, or ; MELODY 245 MERCtfRY performance in which songs are intermixed, and effect is sought by startling, exaggerated, or unnat- ural sentiment or situation. — MeFodramatlc, a. Pert, to, or of the nature of, etc. ; overstrained ; coarsely exaggerated. — Melodram'atist, n. A writer of, etc. Melody. melC'dY, n. Sweetness of sound ; music. ( Miis.) A rhythmical succession of single tones, so related together as to form a musical whole. The air or tune of a musical piece. — Melo'dious, -dY-us, a. Containing melody; agreeable to the ear by a sweet succession of sounds.— Melo'deon, -de-un, n. (Mus.) A kind of reed instrument, with a key-board, and bellows worked by the feet. A music-hall. Melon, mel'un, re. A cucurbitaceous plant of many species; its fleshy, edible fruit. Melt, melt. v. t. To reduce from a solid to a liquid state by heat ; to soften, as by a warming or kindly influence ; to liquefy, dissolve, fuse, thaw, mollify, subdue. — v. i. To hecome liquid, dissolve; to pass by imperceptible degrees, blend; to be softened to love, pity, tenderness, sympathy ,_etc. ; to become dissipated or weak. — MoltCn, molfn, a. Melted; made of melted metal. [Obs. p. p. of melt.] Member, mem /, ber, n. A part of an animal body ca- pable of performing a distinct office ; a vital organ; limb; a part of a whole; an independent constituent of a body, as, a part of a discourse, period, or sentence ; a clause; {Arch.) a subordinate part of a building, as a frieze, cornice, or molding ; one of the persons composing a society, community, etc. ; {Math.) either of the 2 parts of an algebraic equation, connected by the sign of equality.— Mem/bership, n. State of be- ing, etc.; collective body of members.— Mem'brane, -bran, n. (Anat. and Bot.) A thin, extended cell- ular tissue or skin, covering, lining, connecting, or dividing some part, organ, or cavity. — Membra- nous, -bra-nus, -bra'neous, -ne-us, -branaCeous, -na'shus, a. Pert, to, like, or consisting of, etc. Memento, me-menCo, n. ; pi. -tos, -toz. A sugges- tion or memorial, to awaken memory ; a souvenir. — MemCry, -o-rt, re. The faculty of the mind by which it retains knowledge of previous events, ideas, etc.; time within which past events can be remem- bered; remembrance of a person or event preserved to after-times; state of being remembered; recollec- tion; reminiscence. — Memoir, mem'wor or mc'- mwor, n. A memorial account; familiar history com- posed from personal experience and memory; a me- morial of any individual; biography; record of in- vestigations of any subject; the journals and pro- ceedings of a society. — Mern'orabiKia, -bil'Y-a, re. pi. Things remarkable and worthy of remembrance or record. — MemCrable, a. Worthy to be remem- bered; illustrious; celebrated; remarkable; famous. — MemCrably, adv. — Memorandum, re. ; E. pi. -DUMS,-dumz, L. pi. -da, -da. A record of something which it is desired to remember. (Laic.) A brief note in writing of some transaction, or outline of an intended instrument. — Memo'' rial, -rY-al, a. Pre- servative of, or contained in, memory. — n. Anything intended to preserve the memory of a person, occur- rence, etc. ; a record ; a written representation of facts or address of solicitation or complaint made to a legislative or other body. (Diplomacy.) A species of informal state paper, much used in negotiation.— Memo'rialist, re. One who writes or presents a me- morial.— MemoCialize, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -izing.] To present a memorial to, petition by memorial. — MemCrize, v. t. [-rized (-rlzd), -rizing.] To cause to be remembered ; esp., to record ; to commit to memory, learn by heart. Men. See Man. Menace, menses, v. t. [-aced (-est), -acing.J To threaten; to inspire with apprehension. — n. Show of a disposition or intention to inflict an evil; a threat or threatening. Menage, men-azh'', re. Housekeeping ; household af- fairs and administration ; domestic economy ; train- ing of animals, as of horses ; a collection of animals for exhibition ; a menagerie. — MenagCrie, men- azhC-rY, n. A place where animals are kept and trained: esp., a collection of wild or exotic animals, kept for exhibition. Mend, mend, v. t. To repair (anything that is torn, broken, decayed, etc.) ; to alter for the better, set right, quicken, hasten ; to help, further, improve, reform. — v. i. To grow better, become improved. Mendacious, men-da'shus, a. Given to deception ; lying; false. — Mendac'ity, -das'Y-tY, n. Quality of being mendacious; disposition to deceive; habit of lying; a falsehood; lie. Mendicant, men'dl-kant, a. Begging; poor; practicing beggary. — n. One who, etc.; a beggar; esp., one of the begging fraternity of the Rom. Cath. church. — Men'dicancy, -kan-sY, n. Beggary. — Mendicity, -dis'Y-tY, n. State of begging; life of a beggar. Menhaden, men-ha'den, n. A salt-water fish used for making oil, mackerel bait, and manure; the moss- bunker. Menial, me'nY-al, a. Belonging to a retinue of serv- ants ; performing servile office ; pert, to servants ; low ; mean. — n. A domestic servant ; a person of servile disposition ._ Meninges, me-nin / 'jez, n. pi. (Anat.) The 3 mem- branes enveloping the brain and spinal cord.— Men- ingitis, n. Inflammation of one or all of the me- ninges. Meniscus, me-nis^kus, n.; pi. -cuses. A lens convex on one side and concave on the other, having the concavity less than the convexity. See Lens. Meniver, men'T-ver, n. A small white animal of Russia, or its fine fur; the Siberian squirrel. Mennonite, men'non-it, n. One of a Christian sect in Russia and Germany, founded by Simon Menno, who hold that the New Test, is the only rule of faith, that there is no original sin, that infants should not be baptized, and that oaths and physical force are unlawful. Mensal, men'sal, a. Occurring once in a month ; monthly. — MenCes, -sez, re. pi. (Med.) The cata- menial or menstrual discharges, a periodic flow of blood from the uterus. — Men'strual, -stroo-al, a. Recurring once a month; monthly; pert, to the menses; pert, to a menstruum. (Astron.) Making a complete cycle of changes in a month. Mensurable, men'shoo-ra-bl, a. Capable of being measured; measurable.— MensuraCion, n. Act, pro- cess, or art of measuring; that branch of applied ge- ometry which gives rules for finding the dimension of objects from measurement of lines and angles. Mental, men'tal, a. Pert, to the mind ; intellectual. — Men'tally, adv. In the mind; intellectually; in idea. — Men'tion, -shun, n. A brief notice; a cur- sory speaking of anything. — v. t. [mentioned (-shund), -tioning.] To direct attention to by a simple reference; to name. Mentor, men'tor, re. A wise and faithful counselor or monitor. Mephistophelian, mefis-to-feTY-an, a. Pert, to, or like, the devil Mephistopheles ; fiendish ; crafty. Mephitis, me-fi'tis, Meph'itism, mefY-tizm, n. Foul or noxious exhalations from decomposing sub- stances, etc. — Mephific, -ical, -fit'ik-al, a. Offen- sive to the smell; poisonous; pestilential; destruc- tive to life. Merchant, mSr'chant, n. One who traffics or carries on trade, esp. on a large scale; a trafficker; trader.— a. Pert, to, or employed in, trade or merchandise. — Merchantable, a. Fit for market; such as is usually sold in market, or will bring the ordinary price. — Merchantman, n. ; pi. -men. A trading vessel; a vessel for transporting goods.— Merchandise, -chan- diz, n. Act or Dusiness of trading; whatever is usu- ally bought or sold in trade ; wares ; goods ; com- modities.— v. i. [merchandized (-dizd), -dizing.] To trade; carry on commerce. — Mercantile, -kan- til, a. Pert, to merchants, or their business; com- mercial. — Mercenary, -se-na-rT, a. Acting for re- ward; serving for pay; hired; moved by considera- tions of profit; hireling; venal; sordid; selfish, — n. One who is hired; a hireling; esp. a soldier hired into foreign service. — M6rCer, n. One who deals in silks and woolen cloths, etc. Merciful, Merciless, etc. See under Mercy. Mercury, mer'ku-rY, n. (Bom. Myth.) The son of Jupiter and Maia, messenger and interpreter of the gods, and god of eloquence, commerce, and gain. ( Chem.) A very heavy, expansible metal, white like silver, liquid at common temperatures; quicksilver: sun, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNbON, chair, get. MERCY 246 METACARPUS it acts as a poison, and its compounds are used in medicine. {Med.) A salt or preparation of mercury, used as a remedial agent, as calomel, blue-pill, etc. (Asiron.) The planet of the solar system, nearest the sun. A newsboy; messenger; newspaper. (Bot.) A plant, whose leaves are used for spinach, in Europe; in Amer., certain climbing plants, some of which are poisonous to the skin, esp. the poison ivy. — Mercu'- rial, -rf-al, a. Having the qualities fabled to belong to Mercury; active; sprightly; full of fire or vigor; gay; fickle; changeable; pert, to Mercury, as god of trade; money-making; pert, to, containing, or con- sisting of, mercury. — Mercu'rialize, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izing.] (Med.) To affect with mercury. (Plwtog.) To expose to the vapor of mercury. Mercy mer'sY, n. Disposition to overlook injuries, or to treat an offender better than he deserves ; an act or exercise of mercy or favor ; clemency ; pity ; compassion; leniency; mildness.— Mer'ciful, -sY-ful, a. Full of, having, or exercising, mercv; unwilling to give pain; compassionate; humane; kind; benig- nant.— Mer'ciless, a. Destitute of, or acting without, mercy; unsparing; relentless; cruel; unfeeling; re- morseless; ruthless; pitiless; severe; barbarous; sav- age. Mere, mer, a. Unmixed ; pure : absolute ; only this, and nothing else; simple; bare. — Mere'ly, adv. Purely; utterly; solely. Mere, mer, n. A pool or lake. Meretricious, mer-e-trish /, us, a. Pert, to prostitutes ; like the arts of harlots ; alluring by false show ; gaudily ornamental; in bad taste. Merge, merj, v. t. [merged (merjd), merging.] To cause to be swallowed up ; to immerse, immerge. sink. — i, i. To be sunk, swallowed up, or lost. — Mer'ger, i. One who, or that which, merges or swal- lows up. (Law.) Absorption of one estate, or one contract, in another. — Mer'sion, -shun, n. Act of merging. — Mer gan'ser, -gsfh/ser, n. A migratory, crested, fish-eating, slen- der-billed water -fowl, of several species, allied to the ducks. Meridian, me-rid'Y-an, n. Midday ; noon ; the high- est point, as of success, pros- perity, etc. ; culmination. Merganser. (Astron.) A great circle of the celestial sphere pass- ing through the poles of the heavens and the zenith of a given place. (Geog.) An imaginary great cir- cle on the surface of the earth, passing through the poles and any given place. — a. Pert, to the merid- ian, or to midday, or to the highest -point or culmi- nation. Meringue, ma-rang'', n. A soft icing or frosting (white of eggsandsug- ar) piled upon a pud- ding, pie, or confec- tion, and browned in the oven. [F.] Merino, me-re'no, a. Of, or pert, to, a va- riety of sheepwith long fine wool ; made of the wool of the merino sheep, or of fine wool mixed with cotton. — n. A thin fabric, of merino wool, for ladies' wear. Merit, mgr'it, n. Quality or relation of deserving well or ill; desert; excellence entitling to honor or reward; worth ; reward deserved ; that which is earned or merited.— v. t. To earn by active service, or by any valuable performance; to be entitled to, deserve, in- cur. — Merito'rious, -to'rf-us, a. Possessing merit or desert; deserving of reward or honor; valuable. Merle, merl, n. A blackbird.— Mer'lin, n. (Ornith.) The smallest of the falcons. A wizard. Merlon, merlon, n. That part of a parapet which lies between 2 embrasures. See Embrasure. Mermaid, mgr'mad, n. A fabled marine creature, hav- ing the upper part like that of a woman, and the lower like a fish. — Mer'man, n. A sea-man, with a fish's tail instead of legs, Merino. Merry,me'r / 'rf,a. [-rier,-riest.] Brisk;lively;stirring; noisily gay ; overflowing with good spirits ; cheer- ful ; causing laughter or mirth ; sprightly ; joyous ; sportive; pleasant.— Mer'riment, n. Gayety, with laughter or noise; noisy sport; hilarity; frolic; jollity. Mersion. See under Merge. Mesalliance, maz'al-le-aNs', n. Misalliance, q. v. Mesdames. See Madame. Mesentery, mes'- or mez'en-ter-Y, n. (Anat.) A mem- brane in the cavity of the abdomen, which retains the intestines and their appendages in position. Mesh, mesh, n. The opening or space inclosed by the threads of a net between knot and knot ; net-work. — v.t. [meshed (mesht), meshing.] To catch in a mesh, insnare. Meslin. Same as Maslin. Mesmerism, mez'm6r-izm, n. The art of inducing an abnormal state of the nervous system, in which the actor claims to control the actions, and communi- cate directly with the mind, of the recipient.— Mes r - merist, n. One who practices, or believes in, etc.— Mes'merize, v. t. [-ized (-Tzd), -izing.] To bring into a state of mesmeric sleep. Mesne, men, a. (Law.) Middle; intervening. Mess, mes, n. A dish, or quantity of food prepared at one time ; a number of persons who eat together, and for whom food is prepared in common.— v. i. [messed (mest), messing.] To eat, feed ; to eat in company, —v. t. To supply with a mess. — Mess'- mate, n. A table companion. Mess, mes, n. A medley ; mixed mass ; a disagree- able mixture ; a state of dirt and disorder, a diffi- cult, embarrassing, or distressing situation. — v. t. To confuse, disorder, soil. Message, mes'sej, n. Any notice, word, or communi- cation, from one person to another; an official ad- dress, not made in person, but delivered by a mes- senger. — Mes'senger, -sen-jSr, n. One who bears a message or goes on an errand. (Xaut.) A hawser wound round the capstan, used for heaving in the cable. (Law.) A person appointed to perform cer- tain ministerial duties under bankrupt and insolv- ent laws. Messiah, mes-si'a, n. Christ, the anointed; the Savior. — Messian'ic, -sY-anlk, a. Relating to the Messiah. Messieurs. See Monsieur. Messmate. See under Mess, a dish. Messuage, mes'swej, n. (Law.) A dwelling-house, with the adjacent buildings and lands appropriated to the use of the household". Met. See Meet. Metacarpus, met-a-kar'pus, n. (Anat.) The part of the hand between wrist and fingers. See Skele- ton. — Mefagrarn'matism, -ma-tizm, n. Transposi- tion of the letters of a name into such a connection as to express some perfect sense applicable to the per- son named ; anagrammatism. — Met' al, mefal or met'l, n. An elementary substance having a peculiar I luster, insoluble in water, a good conductor of heat I and electricity, and usually solid at ordinary tem- peratures ; the effective power of guns carried by a vessel of war; a metallic alloy or compound, such as brass, bronze, steel, etc. pi. In Eng., the rails of a railroad.— Metallic, me-tal'lik, a. Pert, to, consist- ing of, resembling, or of the nature of, metals. — — Met'allize, v. t. [-LizED(-lizd),-LiziNG.] To form into metal ; to give its proper metallic properties to. — Metalliferous, -er-us, a. Producing metals.— Met'alloid, -loid, n. (Chem.) An inflammable, non- metallic body, such as sulphur, phosphorus-, etc.; the metallic base of a fixed alkali, or alkaline earth. — a. Like metal; pert, to the metalloids.— Met'allur'- gy, -ler'jY, n. The art of working metals ; esp. the operation of obtaining metals from their ores. — Met'allur'gist, n. One skilled in, etc. — Met' tie, -tl, n. Element ; material ; disposition : character ; courage ; temper ; temperament susceptible of high excitement ; ardor. [Same word a6 metal, used in allusion to the temper of the metal of a swoid- blade.]— Met'tled, -tld, a. Having mettle; high-spir- ited ; full of fire. — Met'tlesome, -sum, a. Full of spirit ; easily excited ; fiery. — Met'amor'phosis, -m6r'fo-sis, n. ; pi. -ses, -sez. Change of form, shape, or structure; transformation; change in the form or function of a living body, by a normal process of am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, term ; In, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r { METE 247 MID growth. — Met'amor'phose, -fos, n. Same as Meta- morphosis. — V. t. [METAMORPHOSED (-iOSt), -PHOS- ijtg.] To transform, transmute. — Mefaphor, -a- fer, n. (Rhet.) A short similitude ; a word suggest- ing similitude without a formal expression of com- parison. — Metaphor 'ic, -fQrlk, -ical, a. Pert, to, or comprising, a metaphor ; figurative ; tropical. — Metaphysics, -fizlks, n. Science of being; sci- ence of mind or intelligence, as disting. from sci- ence of matter ; scientific knowledge of mental phe- nomena ; mental philosophy ; psycholog3 r ; philos- ophy ; science of the supernatural. — Metatar'sus, n. (Anat.) The middle of the foot, or part between ankle and toes. See Skeleton. — Metath'esis, me- tath'e-sis, n. ; pi. -SES, -sez. (Gram.) Transposition; a figure by which the letters or syllables of a word are transposed. (Chem.) Interchange of 2 elements in a reaction.— Metathetlcal, a. Taking place by metathesis. — Metemp'sycho'sis, -si-ko'sis, n. The passing of the soul of a man after death into some other animal body ; transmigration. — Meleor, -te- or, n. Any transitory phenomenon or appearance in the atmosphere, as clouds, rain, hail, snow, etc.; esp. a transient fiery or luminous body seen in the atmosphere ; aerolite ; shooting star. — Me'teorlc, -te-orlk, a. Pert, to, of the nature of, or consisting of, meteors ; proceeding from a meteor transiently brilliant ; influenced by the weather. — Meleorite, -It, Me'teor'olite, -o-lit, n. A meteoric stone ; aero- lite. — Me'teorol'ogy, -o-jT, n. Science of the at- mosphere and its phenomena, esp. in relation to the weather. — Meth'od, n. An orderly procedure or process; regular manner of doinjr anything ; orderly arrangement, elucidation, development, or classifi- cation. (Nat. Hist.) Arrangement of natural ob- jects according to their common characteristics. — Methodic, -ical, me-thodlk-al, a. Characterized by method ; systematic ; arranged in convenient order. —Methodically, adv. — Meth'odist, n. A strict adherent to method, esp. one of an ancient school of physicians. (Theot) One of a sect of Christians, founded by John Wesley, so called from the exact regularity of their lives at Oxford uni- versity. A person of strict piety; one who lives in the exact observance of religious duties. — Meth'- odism, n. Doctrines and worship of the Method- ists. — Methodistlc, a. Resembling, or partaking of the strictness of, Methodists. — Meth'odize, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izixg.] To reduce to method, ar- range conveniently.— . Meth'odiz'er, n. One" who methodizes. — Metonymy, me-ton't-mt or nict'o- niml. (Rhet.) A trope in which one word is put for another; a change of' names which have some relation to each other. — Mefope. -o-pe, n. (Arch.) The space Metope, between the triglypl\s of the Doric frieze, often adorned with carved work. Mete, met, v. t. To ascertain the quantity, dimensions, or capacity of , by rule or standard; to measure.— n. Measure ; limit ; boundary. — Met'age, -ej. n. Measurement of coal; charge for measuring.— Moo- ter, n. One who, or that which, metes or measures; esp. an instrument for measuring the consumption of gas, also of water ; a licensed measurer of coal be- fore its delivery for sale. — Meier, -tre, n. Rhyth- mical arrangement of words into verses, stanzas, strophes, etc. ; number of syllables in a verse, etc. ; rhythm ; measure ; verse ; a decimal measure of length = 39.37 inches. — Met'ric, mEt'rik, a. Pert, to the decimal system of weights and measures, in which the meter is the unit of linear, square, and cubic measure. — Mefrical, a. Pert, to measure, or due arrangement or combination of long and short syllables; consisting of verses; poetically meas- ured: employed in, or obtained by, measurement. Metheglin, me-theglin, n. A liquor made of honey and water boiled and fermented; mead. Method, Metope, etc. See under Metacarpus. Metropolis, me-trop'o-lis, n. The mother city ; chief city or capital of a kingdom, state, or country. — ists. — Meth'odize, v. t. Ill ■lllll llllll M^IMIIM I ^ Metropolitan, a. Pert, to a metropolis ; residing in the chief city. — n. The bishop presiding over the other bishops of a province. (Lat. Church.) An archbishop. Mettle, etc. See under Metacarpus. Mew, mu, n. A kind of sea-fowl; a gull. Mew, mu, v. t. [mewed (mud), mewing.] To shed or cast ; to molt, as a bird, its feathers ; to shut up, confine in a cage or other inclosure. — v. i. To cast the feathers, molt, change, put on a new appear- ance. — n. A cage for hawks while mewing; a place of confinement. — Mews, n. ; pi. Mews'es, muz'ez. Prop, the royal stables in London ; any range of stables ; an inclosed space ; an alley, etc., where stables are situated. Mew. mu, v. i. To cry as a cat. — n. The cry ela cat. — Mewl, mul, v. i. [mewled (muld), me'wling.] To cry from uneasiness, as a child; to squall. Mezzo, med'zo or met'zo, a. (Mus.) Middle; mean. — Mez'zo-rilie'vo, -re-le-a'vo, n. A middle degree of relief in figures, between high and low relief. — M.- sopra'no, -so-pra'no, n. (Mus.) A female voice intermediate in compass between soprano and con- tralto ; one having such a voice.— Mez'zotint, -tin'- to, n. A manner of engraving on copper, in imita- tion of painting in India ink. Miasm, mfazm, Miaslna, -ma, n. ; pi. Mias'mata, -ma-ta. Infection floating in the air; deadly exhala- tion ; noxious effluvia ; malaria. — Mias'mal, Mi'as- matlc, -ical, a. Pert, to, or partaking of the qual- ities of, miasma. Mica, mi'ka, n. (Min.) A mineral easily split into extremely thin flexible plates, more or less transpar- ent, and used like glass, in lanterns, etc. — Mica'- ceous, -shus, a. Pert, to, or containing, mica; split- ting into laminae or leaves like mica. Mice. See Mouse. Michaelmas, mik'el-mas, n. The feast of St. Michael, celebrated Sept. 29th; hence, autumn. Mickle, mikl, a. Much ; great. Microcosm, mi'kro-kozm, w. A little world: a minia- ture society, or institution; hence, man, supposed to be an epitome of the universe or great world. — Microm'eter, n. An instrument, used with a tel- escope or microscope, for measuring very small dis- tances, or the apparent diameters of objects which subtend very small angles. — Mi'croscope, -skop. n. An optical instrument, consisting of a lens, or combi- nation of lenses, for examining objects too minute to be viewed by the naked eye. — Microscopic, -ical, a. Made by aid of a microscope ; resembling a mi- croscope ; capable of seeing very minute objects; visible only by aid of a microscope.— Micros'copy, -ko-pY, n. Use of, or investigations with, the mi- croscope. Mid, a. [compar. wanting ; superl. midst or midmost.] Situated between extremes ; middle ; intervening. — Mid'day, a. Pert, to noon; meridional. — ?i. The middle of the day; noon. — Mid r - land, a. In the interior country ; distant from the coast; mediterranean. — Mid r - night, n. Middle of the night ; 12 o'clock p. m. — a. In the middle of the night ; very dark. —Mid lib, n. (Bot.) The main rib of a leaf, a continuation of the petiole. — Mid'- riff, n. (Anat.) The diaphragm, or respira- tory' muscle which separates the thorax and abdomen.— Mid'ships, r'7 A half note, equal in time to 2 quarter notes, or crochets. — Min- imize, v. t. [-mized (-mlzd), -mizing.] To reduce to the smallest part or proportion possible. — Min' - - imum, n. ; pi. -ma, -ma. The least quantity assign- able in a given case; smallest amount; lowest point or degree; a thing of small consequence; trifle.— Min'uend, -u-end, n. (Arith.) The number from which another number is to be subtracted. — Min- uet, -u-et, n. A slow, graceful dance; a tune to reg- Minims. ulate^toe movements in the dance so called. - Minute*, mt-nuf, a. Very small, little, or slender; slight; attentive to small things; fine; critical; ex- act: circumstantial: detailed. — Minutely, adv.— Minute'ness, n— Min'ute, minlt, w. The 60th part of an hour; t>0 seconds. (Geom.) The (iOth part of a degree. A note in writing to preserve the mem- ory of anvthing.— v. t. To make a note of; to jot down. — Min^utely, -it-It, adv. Every minute; rap- idly. — Minulia, -shT-a, n. ; pi. -ti.e, -shl-e. A minute particular; the smallest detail. Minister, minls-ter, n. A servant ; subordinate ; as- sistant of inferior rank ; one to whom is intrusted the direction of affairs of state ; the representative of a sovereign or government at a foreign court; em- bassador; one who serves at the altar ; pastor of a church; clergyman; parson; priest. — v. t. [min- istered (-terd), -teking.] To furnish, afford, sup- ply, administer. — v. i. To act as a. servant, attend- ant, or agent ; to serve in any office, sacred or secu- lar; to afford supplies, give things needful, serve, officiate, administer, contribute. — Ministry, -is-trT, n. Act of ministering ; ministration ; instrumen- tality; office, duties, or functions of a minister; the body of ministers ; the clergy ; the ministers oi siin, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNbox, chair, get. MINIUM 250 MISPICESL Mink. state: business: employment. — Ministe'rial, -rT-al, a. Pert, to ministry, or to the performance of ser- vice, or of executive office ; pert, to the office of a minister: executive, embassadorial, or sacerdotal; official; cleric il: priestly: ecclesiastical. — Ministe'- rially, ado.— Min'istrant, a. Performing service as a minister; acting under command. — Ministra'- tion. n. Act of performing service; office of a minister; ecclesiastical function. — Min'strel, v. One of an order of men, in the middle ages, who sang verses to the harp, etc.; a bard: singer; harper: a singer and musician, — often applied esp. to one -who performs at comic entertainments. — Min'- streisy, -sT, n. Arts and occupation of minstrels ; a collective body of minstrels, or of their songs. Minium, min'I-um, n. A pigment of a beautiful red color; red lead. — Miniate, -t-at, v. t. To paint or tinge with red lead or vermilion. — Miniature, -T-a-cliur or -T-chur, re. Orig. a painting in colors, esp., arid now exclusively, one on a leduced :cale ; hence, reduced sc tie ; greatly diminished style or form. — a. On a small scale. Mink, mink, n. A carnivorous and fish-eating quad- ruped, allied to the weasel, which burrows near rivers or ponds, and is an expert swim- mer and diver; its fine black fur. Minne-singer. See under MiG- NON. Minnow, Minor, etc. See under Minisii. Minster, minister, n. The church of a monastery, or one to which a monastery has been attached ; a ca- thedral church. Minstrel, etc. See under Minister. Mint, mint, n. The place where money is coined; place of invention, fabrication, or production ; unlimited supply. — i'. t. To make by stamping, as monev; to coin; to invent, forge, fabricate, fashion. — Mint- age, -ej, n. That which is minted or coined; duty paid to the mint for coining. —Minfer, n. One who mints; a coiner; an inventor.— Mint'-man, n. ; pi. -men. One skilled in coining, or in coins; a coiner. — mas'ter, re. Superintendent of a mint; one who invents. Mint, mint, n. An aromatic plant of various species, producing a pungent essential oil. Minuend, Minus, Minute, etc. See under Mixisii. Minx, minks, n. A pert, wanton girl; a she puppy; lap-dog. Miocene, mi'o-sen, a. (G:ol.) Less recent, —a term applied to the middle division of the tertiary strata. Miracle, mir'a-kl, n. A wonderorwonderful thing; esp. an event oreffect contrary to the established constitu- j tionand course of things; supernatural event; a spec- I tacle or dramatic representation exhibiting the lives ■ of the saints, — called also a miracle-play. — Mirac'- ■ ulous, -rak'u-lus, a. Of the nature of a miracle; performed by or exhibiting a supernatural power: extraordinarily wonderful! —Mirac'ulousYy. a lr.— i Mirage', inT-razh', n. An optical illusion arising \ from an unequal refraction in the lower strata of the atmosphere, and causing remote objects to be seen double, inverted, suspended in air, approxi- mated, changed, or as if reflected in water. — Mir'- ror, -rer,x. A looking- glass; that in w h i c h a true image may be seen ; a pat- tern ; an exem- plar. — V.t. [MIR- RORED (-rerd), -RORING.] To re- flect, as in a mir- ror. Mire, m!r, n. Earth so wet and soit as to yield to pres- Mirage, sure; deep mud. — v. t. [mired (mird), miring.] \ To plunge and fix in mire ; to soil or daub with j mud.— Mir'y, -T, a. Abounding with, full of, or : conMstiiu of, etc. Mirk, mSrk, a. Dark; murky, — n. Darkness; gloom. — Mirk'y, -I, a. Dark ; obscure. [See Murky.] Mirror. See under Miracle. Mirth, merth, n. High excitement of pleasurable feelings in company ; noisy gayety ; merriment ; fun; frolic: festivity; jollity. —Mirth 'ful, -Jul, o. Full of mirth ; merry : jovial ; festive. — Mirth'- fuliy, wlv. — Mirthlulness, n. — Mirthless, a. Without mirth. Mirza, mSr'za, re. The common title of honor in Persia: appended to a name, it signifies prince. Misadventure. mis-ad-ven'chur, n. An unfortunate adventure; ill luck; accident; mishap; disaster. — Misalli'ance, -li'ans, M.s'alliance', mez'al-le-aNs', n. Improper association; esp. a degrading marriage connection with one of inferior social station. — Mischance ', -chans', n. Ill luck; accident; misfor- tune ; calamity. — Mis'chief, -chif, n. Evil pro- duced or effected, whether with or without inten- tion ; trivial evil or vexation, caused by thought- lessness, or in sport; troublesome or annoying act or conduct ; cause of trouble or vexation ; damage ; harm ; wrong-doing. — Mis'chievous, -chiv-us, a. Making mischief; inclined to do liarm; hurtful; in- jurious; noxious; destructive. — Miscount', v. t. and i. To count wrongly. — n. An erroneous count- ing or numbering. — Mis'creant. -kre-ant, n. An infidel ; misbeliever ; a vile wretch : scoundrel. — Misfea'sance, -le'zans, n. (Law.) A trespass; wrong done; improper performance of a lawful act.— Misno'm6r, n. (Law.) The mistaking of the true name of a person. A wrong or inapplicable name or title; a misapplied term. — Misprize', -prlz', t\ t. [-prized (-prizd'), -prizing.] To slight, undervalue. — Misprision, -prizh'un, re. (Law.) A high offense or misdemeanor, negative or positive ; passive con- cealment of a crime or neglect to reveal it, as of treason or felony; a positive act to help cover a crime, as dissuading a witness; maladministration; neglect, oversight, or mistake — as of a clerk in writing or keeping a record. Misanthrope, mis'an-throp, -an'thropist, -thro-pist, re. A hater of mankind. —Misanthropic, -ical, a. Hating mankind. —Misan'thropy, -pi, n. Hatred or dislike of, etc. — Misog'amy, -mT, n. Hatred of marriage. — Misog'amist, re. One who, etc. — Misog'yny, -soj'i-nl, re. Hatred of the female sex. — Misog'yaist, n. A woman-hater. Misapply, Misapprehend, Misbegot, etc. See under Miss. Miscellaneous, mis-sel-la'ne-us, a. Mixed ; mingled ; consisting of several kinds. — Mis'cellany, -la-nT, n. A mass or mixture of various kinds; a medley; esp., a collection of compositions on various sub- jects. — Miscella'nea, -ne-a. n. pi. A collection of miscellaneous matters. — Mis'cegena'tion, -se-je- na'shun, n. Amalgamation of races. Mischance, Mischief, etc. See under Misadventure. Miser, mi'zer, n. An avaricious or extremely covet- ous person; one who hoards money and lives mean- ly ; a niggard. — Mi'serly, -It, a~ Sordid ; avari- cious; parsimonious; stingy; mean. — Mis-'ery, -er-T, n. Great unhappiness; extreme pain of body or mind ; evils which cause misery ; calamity : mis- fortune; torture; agony; anguish; distress. — Mis'- erable, a. Very unhappy; in a state of distress; causing misery ; very poor ; worthless ; despicable ; abject; wretched. — Mis'erably, adv. In a misera- ble manner; unhappilv; pitiably. — Mis'ere're, -re'- re, n. (Rom. Cath. Ch'urch.) The ,51st psalm, which commences with this word. (Pathol.) The symptoms attending obstruction in the intestines ; iliac pas- sion. Misfeasance, etc. See under Misadventure. Mi3h-mash, mish'-mash, n. A mingle or hotch- potch. Mishna, mish'na, 7). The digest of the Jewish tra- ditional and ritual law, made in the 2d century, which with the Gemara forms the Talmud. Misle, etc. See under Mist. Misnomer, Misprize, Misprision. See under Misad- venture. Misogamy, Misogyny, etc. See under Misanthrope. Mispickel, mis-pik'i, n. (Min.) Arsenical iron py- rites. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Cnd, eve, term ; in, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r; MISS 251 MISSILE MiBSv mis, n. Young woman or girl, — used as a title of address, prefixed to the name of an unmarried woman. — Miss'y, -t, -ish, a. Like a miss or young girl; affectedly fine. Miss, mis, v. t. [missed (mist), missing.] To fail of hit- ting, reaching, obtaining, seeing, finding, etc.; to do without, forego; to omit, pass by; to discover the ab- sence of, feel the want of, mourn the loss of. — v. i. To fail to hit; not to succeed; to fail to obtain, learn, find, etc.; to mistake; err.— n. A failure to hit, reach, etc. ; loss ; want ; felt absence ; mistake ; error. — Mis'apply', v. t. To apply wrongly or to a wrong purpose. — Mis'apprehend', v. i. To misunder- stand.— Misap'prehen'sion, -shun, n. A mistak- ing ; wrong apprehension of one's meaning or of a fact; misconception; mistake. — Mis'appro'pria'- tion, n. Wrong appropriation. — Misbecome'', -kum', v. t. To suit ill ; not to befit or become. — Misbegot', -got'ten, p. a. Unlawfully or irregularly begotten. — Misbehave'', v. i. To be- have ill, conduct one's self improperly. — Misbe- havior, -hav'yer, n. Improper, rude, or uncivil behavior; ill-conduct. — Misbelief', -let', n. Errone- ous belief ; false religion. — Misbeliev'er, n. One who believes wrongly, or holds a false religion. — Misbestow', v. t. To bestow improperly. — Miscalculate, -kal'ku-lat, v. t. To calculate er- roneously. — Miscal'cula'tion, n. Erroneous calcu- lation. —Miscall', -kawl', v. t. To call by a wrong name, name improperly, abuse. — Miscar'riage, -kar'rij, n. Unfortunate event of an undertaking; failure ; improper behavior ; expulsion of a fetus from the womb before it is viable; abortion. — Mis- car'ry, -k&r'rT, v. i. To fail of the intended effect; to fail to reach its destination; to bring forth young before the proper time. — Misconceive, -kon-sev' v. t. or i. To conceive wrongly; interpret incorrectly; misapprehend; misjudge; mistake. — Misconceit', -set', Misconcep'tion, n. Erroneous conception ; false opinion; mistake. — Miscon'duct, n. Wrong conduct; ill behavior; misdemeanor; mismanage- ment. — Misconduct/, v. t. To conduct amiss; mis- manage. — Miscon'strue, -kon'stroo, v. t. To con- strue wrongly ; interpret erroneously. — Mis'con- struc'tion. n. Wrong interpretation of words or things — Miscoun'sel, -kown'sel, v. t. To counsel wrongly. — Miscue', -ku', v. i. To fail to strike the ball properly with the cue at billiards. — n. An in- effectual stroke with the cue. — Misdate', n. A wrong date.— v. t. To date errone- ously. — Misdeed', n. An evil deed ; wicked action ; offense; transgression; crime. —Misdeem', v. t. To judge erroneously, misjudge. — Misdemean', -de- men', v. t. To behave ill.— Misdemean'or, -men'- Sr, n. Ill behavior ; evil conduct. (Law.) Any crime less than a felony. — Misdirect', -dY-rekt', v. t. To give a wrong direction to ; to direct to a wrong person or place. — Misdirec'tion, n. Act of directing wrongly. (Law.) An error of a judge in charging the jury.— Misdo', -doo', v. t. [-did, -done, -doing.] To do wrongly. — v. i. To do wrong, com- mit a fault or crime. — Misdo'ing, n. A wrong done, fault, offense. — Misemploy', v. t. To employ to no purpose, or to a bad purpose ; to use amiss. — Misemploy'ment, n. Ill employment. — Misen'try, -en'trT, n. An er- roneous entry or charge, as of an account. — Misfit', n. A bad fit: a bad match. — Misform', v. t. To put into an ill shape. — Misfort'une, -i'6r- chun, n. Ill fortune; ill luck; accident; calamity; mishap: harm; disaster. — Misgive', -giv', v. t. To fill with doubt and appre- hension, deprive of confidence; to fail.— Misgiv'ing, n. A failure of confidence; distrust; doubt. — Mis- got'ten, a. Unjustly obtained.— Misgov'ern, -guv'- ern, v. t. To govern ill, administer unfaithfully. — Misgov'ernment, n. Ill administration of public or private affairs; irregularity; disorder. — Misguid'- ance, -gld'ans, n. Wrong direction or guidance. — Misguide', v. t. To direct ill, lead into error. — Mishap', n. Ill chance; accident; calamity; mis- chance. — Mishear', v. i. To mistake in hearing. — Misinform', v. t. To give erroneous information to. — Misin'forma'tion, n. Wrong information. — Misinter'pret, v. t. To interpret erroneously ; to understand or to explain amiss. — Mis'inter'preta' tion, n. A mistaken interpretation. Misjoin', v. t. To join unfitly or improperly. - Misjudge', -juj', v. t. To mistake in judging of. To err in judgment, form false opi judg'ment, n. Wrong determination. - Mislay', v. t. [-laid (-lad'), -laying.] To lay in a wrong place, lay in a place not recollected, lose. — Mislead', -led', v. t. [-led, -leading.] To lead into a wrong way or path, lead astray, cause to mistake, deceive, delude. — Mislead'er, n. — Mislike', v. t. or i. To dislike, have aversion to.— n. Dislike; disap- probation; aversion. — Misman'age, -man'ej, v. i. To behave or manage ill. — v. t. To manage ill, administer improperly. — Mismanagement, n. — Misman'ager, n. — Mis- match', -macli', v. t. To match unsuitably. — Misname', v. t. To call by the wrong name. — Mispell, Mispend. See Misspell, etc., below. — Misplace', -plas', v. t. Toputinawrongplr.ee; to set or place on an improper or unworthy object.— Misplace'ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. — Misplead', -pled', v. t. To err in pleading. — Mis- print', v. t. To print wrong.— n. An error in printing. — Mispronounce', -nowns', v. i. and t. [-nounced (-nownsf), -nouncing.] To pronounce erroneously. — Mis'pronun'cia'tion, -shi-a'shun, n. Wrong pro- nunciation. — Mis'propor'tion, v. t. To err in pro- portioning one thing to another; to join without due proportion. Misquote', -kwot', v. t. To quote erroneously.— Misquota'tion, n. An erroneous quotation. — Misrecite', -sit', v. t. To recite erroneously.— Misrecit'al, n. An inaccurate recital.— Misreck"' on, -rek'n, v. t. To reckon or compute wrongly.— Mis- reck'oning, n. An erroneous computation. — Mis- represent', ?>. t. To represent falsely or incorrect- ly. — v.i. To make an incorrect representation.— Misrep'resenta'tion, n. Act of giving a false repre- sentation ; incorrect account given, from mistake, carelessness, _or malice. — Misrep'resent'er, n. — Misrule', -rool', n. Disorder ; confusion ; tumult from insubordination; unjust domination. — Misshape', -shap', v. t. To shape ill, deform.— Misspell', r. t. To spell wrong, write with wrong letters. — Misspelling, n. A wrong spelling, ; false orthographv. — Misspend', v. t. To spend amiss, squander.— Misstate', v. t. and i. To state wrongly, falsify. — Misstate'ment, n. Incorrect statement. — Misstep', v. A wrong or false step. — Mistake', -tak', v. t. To take wrongly, misun- derstand, misapprehend, or misconceive ; to mis- choose, misjudge; to take one person or thing to be another, confound.— v. i. To err in opinion or judg- ment. — n. A taking or apprehending wrongly; a fault in opinion, judgment, or conduct; a miscon- ception; blunder; error; bull.— To he mistaken. To be misapprehended or misunderstood; to be taken or_led astray; to err; to misapprehend.— Mistak'en, -tak'n,p. a. Guilty of a mistake: in error; errone- ous; incorrect; wrong. — Mistak'enly, adv. By mis- take.— Mistak'er. «.— Mistak'able, a. Liable to be mistaken.— Mistime', -tim', )>. t. To time wrongly, not adapt to the time. — v. i. To neglect the proper time. — Misti 'tie, -tl, v. t. To call by a wrong title or name. — Mistri'al, n. (Law.) A false or errone- ous trial. — Mistrust', n. Want of confidence or trust; suspicion, —v. t. To regard with jealousy or suspicion, suspect, doubt; to anticipate as near or likely to occur; to surmise. — Mistrust'ful, -ful. a. Suspicious; wanting confidence. — Mistrust'fully, adv. — Mistrust'fulntss, n. — Mistune', -tun', r.t. To tune wrongly or erroneously. — Mistu'tor, v. t. To instruct amiss. — Misunderstand', v. t. To misconceive, mistake, take in a wrong sense. — Misun'derstand'ing, ». Mistakeof meaning; error; misconception: disagree- ment; difference; slight quarrel.— Misuse', -uz'.w. t. To use improperly, treat ill, maltreat, abuse, misem- ploy, misapply. — Misus'ajje, -uz'ej, n. Ill usage; abuse. — Misuse', -Us', n. Wrong application or use-,, misapplication ; abuse. Missal, mis'sal, n. The Roman Catholic mass-book.. Mi3seltoe. See Mistletoe. Missile, mis'sil, a. Capable of being thrown, hurled,. sun, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. MIST 252 MODE or projected.—?!. A projectile weapon, as a lance, arrow, or bullet, with which one may strike an ob- ject at a distance. — Mis'sion, mish^un, n. Act of sending, or state of being sent: commission; errand; duty on which one is sent; persons sent; delegation; embassy ; a station, residence, or organization, of missionaries. — Mis 'sionary, -er-T, n. One sent upon amission; esp., one sent to propagate religion. — a. Pert, to missions. — Mis'sive, -siv, a. Intended to be sent; prepared for sending out; sent by authority of some person or society; intended to be thrown or hurled; missile, — n. That which is sent; a message; letter. — Mit'timus, -tt-mus, n. {Law.) A warrant of commitment to prison. Mist, mist, Misle, Mislle, mizl, Miz'zle, miz'zl, n. Visible watery vapor at or near the surface of the eaith ; fog ; coarse, watery vapor, approaching the form of rain ; anything which dims or darkens. — v. t. To cloud, cover with mist. — v. i. [misted, MISTING;— MIZZLED (-Id), -LING; — MIS'l'LED (miz'- Id), -ling; — miz'zled, -ZLING.] To rain in very fine zll, a. if by, ■drops.— Mist'y, -I, Misly, mizli, Miz'zly Overspread with, attended by, or obscured a mist; raining in tine drops. — Mistiness, n. Mister, mis'tSr, abbr. in writing to Mr., n. Sir ; master, — a title of any adult male. Mistletoe, Misletoe, miz'l- to, n. A parasitic ever- green shrub, bearing a glutinous berry: the sacred plant of the Dru- ids. Mislress, mislres, n. A woman who exercises au- thority, is chief, etc.; the female head of a family, school, etc.; a woman well skilled in anything, ■or having the mastery Mistletoe, over it; a beloved object; sweetheart; a paramour; ■concubine. Madam, — a title or term of address, now -written Mrs. and pron. mis'is. Mistrust, Mistune, Misuse, etc. See under Miss. Mite, m!t, n. Anything very small; a minute object; very small quantity; very small coin. Mite,"mlt, n. A minute animal, allied to the spider, of several varieties, having jaws, which distinguish it from the ticks. — Mify, -1, a. Abounding with mites. Miter, -tre, mi'ter, n. A covering for the head, worn by bishops, cardinals, etc. (Arch.) The joint formed by the ends of 2 pieces (of mold- ing, etc.), each cut off at an angle, and matching together. — V. I. [MITEKED Or MITRED f-terd ), miter i xg or mitring.] (Arch.) To meet and match together, on a line bisecting the angle of junction, esp. when at a right angle. — v. 1. To adorn with a miter ; to cut the ends of 2 pieces oblique- ly and join them at an angle.— Mi'tral, a. Pert, to or like, etc. Mitre. said esp. (Anat.) of the mitral valves of the left ventricle of the heart: see U.EAP.T. Mitigate, mit/i- gat, v. t. To al- Mlter Joints, leviate (suffering, etc.); to make less rigorous, soften in severity or harshness; temper; to render more tol- erable; to reduce a penalty in amount or severity; assuage. — Mitlga'tive, -tiv, a. Tending to, etc. — Mit'iga'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. Mitrailleuse, me-tra-yez', n. A machine-gun, having 37 parallel breech-loading barrels, which may be fired at once or in quick succession. llitt, mit, n. A mitten; also, a covering for the wrist and hand and not for the fingers. — Miften, n. A covering for the hand for warmth, etc., in which the ! fingers are not separated. ! Mittimus. See under Missile. Mix, miks, v. t. [mixed, less prop, mixt; mixing.] To unite or blend 2 or more ingredients into one mass or compound, as by stirring together ; to unite with in company, join, associate: to produce by the stir- ring together of ingredients, mingle ; to confuse, disarrange, confound. — v. i. To become united or blended promiscuously; to be joined, associate.— Mixt'ure, miks'chur, n. Art of mixing, or state of being mixed; that which is mixed; an ingredient en- tering into a mixed mass; admixture; intermixture; medley.— Mix / tilin /, eal, -ear, a. Containing, or con- sisting of, lines of different kinds, as straight, curved, etc. Mizzen, miz'zn, a. (Fatit.) Hindmost; nearest the stern. — ?;. The hindmost of the fore-and-aft sails of a vessel; the spanker sail. See Sail and Ship. Mizzle, r. i. See under Mist. Mnemonic, ne-monlk, -ical, a. Assisting the memory. — Mnemonics, n. The art of memory; a system of rules to assist the memory. Moan, man, v. t. [moaned (mond), moaning.] To bewail with an audible voice, lament, deplore. — r. i. To make a low, dull sound of grief or pain. — n. Audible expression of sorrow or suffering; a low, dull sound, like that of one in grief or pain. Moat, mot, n. (Fort.) A deep trench round the ram- part of a fortified place; a ditch. — v. t. To surround with a ditch for defense. See Castle. Mob, mob, n. A disorderly crowd; collection of peo- ple for some riotous and unlawful purpose; popu- lace. — v. t. [mobbed (mobd), -bixg.] To attack in a disorderly crowd.— Mobodacy, -ra-sT, n. Rule or ascendency of the mob. — Mo'bile, -bil, a. Capable of being moved, aroused, or excited ; movable ; changeable; fickle. — Mobility, -X-tl, n. Quality of being mobile ; capacity for motion ; susceptibility of being moved, aroused* excited, etc.; activity; fickle- ness. — Mobilize, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izing.] To put in a state of readiness for active service, — said of troops, enrolled, but not previously on the war establishment.— Mob'iliza'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. Mob-cap, mob'kap, n. A plain cap or head-dress; esp., I one tying under the chin by a very broad band, ! generally of the same material as the cap itself. I Moccasin,"mok / 'ka-sin, n. A shoe of the N. Amer. In- | dians, made wholly (including the sole) of deer- j skin or soft leather. (Zo'61.) A poisonous water ser- pent of the U. S.; also a highland species. Mocha, mo'ka, n. An Abyssinian weight = 1 Troy grain; a kind of coffee fr. Mocha, in Arabia. Mock, mok, v. t. [mocked (mokt), mocking.] To im- itate in contempt or derision: to treat with scorn or contempt; to disappoint the hopes of; to deride, rid- icule, taunt, jeer. — v. i. To malce sport in contempt or in jest, gibe, jeer. — n. Ridicule; derision; sneer; mockery. — a. Imitating reality, but not real; false. — Mock y 6ry, -er-i, n. Act of mocking; derision; ridicule; counterfeit appearance; vain imitation or effort. — Mocking-bird, n. A singing-bird of N. Amer., which imitates the notes of other birds and many other sounds. Mode, mod, n. Manner of existing or being: prevail- ing popular custom ; variety; gradation ; degree; method; fashion; way; style. (Metaph.) Condition, or state of being; form, — opp. to matter. (Logic.) The form in which the proposition connects the predicate and subject, whether by simple, contin- gent, or necessary assertion. (Gram.) A form in the inflection of a verb indicating the manner in which the action or state is presented, as certain, contingent, etc. ; mood. (Mvs.) The arrangement of the intervals in a scale. — Modish, modish, a. According to the mode; conformed to the extreme fashion. — Modlst, n. One who follows the fashion. — Modiste', -desf, n. A milliner; dressmaker; pur- veyor of fashions. — Mod'el, mOd'el, n. Standard; pattern; example; something to be copied; a mold; a representation; facsimile; a copy, as of a statue or bust; a representation of a machine or structure on a reduced scale. — v. t. [modeled (-eld), -eling.] To plan or form after a pattern; to form in model, an?, fame, far, pa^s or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve. term ; Tn, ice ; odd, t5ne, 6r ; MOGUL 253 MONAD Modillion. or propose a model for.— v. i. {Fine Arts.) To make a pattern from which some work is to be executed. — Mod'eler, n. One who models; a worker in plas- 1 tic art. — Mod'eling, n. (Fine Arts.) Act or art of making a model from which a work of art is to be I executed.— Mod'ulate, -u-lat, v. t. To form (sound) to a certain key or proportion; to vary or inflect in a | natural, customary, or musical manner. — v.i. (Mus.) ! To pass from one key into another. — Modulation, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; sound modulated; melody. {Mus.) Manner of ascertaining and manag- ] ing the modes; a passing from one key to another.— j ModilKion, -yun, n. {Arch.) The enriched bracket generally found under the cor- nice of the Corinthian entablature,— socalled fr. its arrangement at regulated distances. — Mod'erate, -er-at, a. Kept within due bounds; observing reasonable lim- its; not excessive, extreme, violent, or rigorous; re- strained. — v. t. To restrain from excess, keep with- in bounds, lessen, allay, repress, temper, qualify; to regulate, mitigate, abate, still, pacify, quiet. — v. i. To become less violent, severe, rigorous, or intense; to abate.— Moderation, n. Act of moderating; state or quality of being moderate; freedom from excess; calmness of mind; equanimity.— Mod'ern, a. Pert, to the present time, or time not long past; late; re- cent; new; novel. — n. A person of modern times. — Modernize, v. t. [-ized. (-Tzd), -izing.] To cause to conform to recent or present usage or taste. — Mod'est, a. Restrained within due limits of propri- ety or decency; observing the proprieties of the sex; free from familiarity, indecency, or lewdness, — said of a woman ; evincing modesty in the actor or au- thor; not boastful, presumptuous, or arrogant; re- served; unobtrusive; diffident; bashful; coy; shy; decent; chaste; virtuous. — Mod'esty, -Y, n. Quality of being modest; absence of self-confidence, arro- gance, and presumption, or of unwomanly or inde- cent bearing or conduct; purity of manners; humil- ity; diffidence; shyness. — Modicum, -Y-kum, n. A little; a small quantity. — Mod'ify, -Y-fi, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fying.] To change the form or external qualities of; to give a new form to, vary, alter, qual- ify. — Mod'ifica'tion, n. Act of modifying; partic- ular form or manner; modified shape or condition. Mogul, mo-gul', n. A person of Mongolian race. — Great Mogul. The sovereign of the empire founded in Hindostan by the Mongol Tartars in the lGth cen- tury. Mohair, mo'har, n. The long, silky hair of the Angora goat, of Asia Minor; a fabric made from it. Mohammedan, mo-harn'med-an, a. Pert, to Moham- med or Mahomet, or to the religion founded by him. — n. A follower of, or believer in, etc. - Moham'me- danism, -medism, -izm, n. The religion, or doctrines and precepts, of Mohammed, contained in the Ko- ran; Islamism.— Mob.am'medanize, -medize, v. t. To make conformable to, etc. Moidore, moi'dor, n. A gold coin of Portugal = about $6. Moiety, moi'e-tY, n. One of 2 equal parts; the half. Moil, moil, v. t. [moiled (moild), moiling.] To daub, make dirty, soil, defile. — v. i. To work with pain- ful effort; to labor, toil, drudge. Moire, mw6r, n. A clouded or mottled appearance on metallic or textile fabrics; watered or clouded silk, j Moist, moist, a. Moderately wet; damp; humid.— Moist'en, mois'n, v. t. [-exed (-nd), -ening.] To make damp, wet slightly, soften.— Moist'ure, mois'- chur, n. A moderate degree of wetness; dampness; that which makes damp or wet. Molar, mo'lar, n. A grinding tooth; double tooth: see Tooth. — Mo'lar, -lary, -la-rT, a. Having power to grind ; grinding. Molasses, mo-las'sez, n. sing. The viscid, uncrystal- lizable sirup which drains from sugar, in the process of manufacture. Mold, Mould, mold, n. Fine, soft earth, or earth easi- ly pulverized; the earthy material, or the matter of which anything is formed.— v. t. To cover with soil. — Mold'er, Mould'er, v. i. To turn to dust by natural decay; to crumble, perish, waste away grad- ually. — v. t. To turn to dust, crumble, waste. Mold, Mould, mold, n. A vegetable or fungous growth, often like down, upon decaying food or articles that lie long in warm and damp air. — v. t. To cause t<* contract mold. — v. i. To become moldy. — Mold'y, Mould'y, -Y, a._ Overgrown with mold; fusty. Mold, Mould, mold, n. The matrix in which anything is cast; anything which serves to regulate size, form, etc.; cast; shape; character.— v. t. To form into a particular shape, model, fashion. —Mow- ing, Moulding, n. Any- thing cast in a mold, or which appears to be so. (Arch.) A grooved or swelling band or projec- tion, or an assemblage of such, upon a wall, col- umn, wainscot, etc. Mole, mol, n. A spot, mark, or small permanent pro- tuberance on the human body. _ Mole, mol, n. A mass of fleshy matter generated in the uterus. Mole, mol, n. A mound, pier, jetty, or massive work formed of masonry, etc., laid in the sea, extended before a port, to defend it from the waves; a break- water; the harbor itself . — Mol 'ecule, moKe-kul, n. A very small particle of matter; one of the element- ary particles of any substance. — Molec'ular, o. Pert, to, consisting of, or re- siding in, molecules. — Mo- lest', v. t. To trouble, ren- der uneasy, disturb, annoy, vex, tease. — MoPesta'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. Mole, mo"l, n. (Zool.) A small subterranean insect-eating mammal, with minute eyes and very soft fur. — v.*. [moled (mold), moling.] To form holes in, as a mole; to burrow, excavate. Molecule, Molest, etc. See under Mole, a mound. Mollient, mollY-ent or -yent, a. Serving to soften; assuaging ; emollient. — MoPlify, -lY-fl, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fying.] To make soft or tender; to assuage (pain or irritation) ; to appease (excited feeling or passion), pacify; to reduce in harshness or asperity. — MoFlusk, n. A boneless animal, having a soft, fleshy body, inhabiting a univalve or bivalve shell, or clothed only with a membranous mantle. Molt, Moult, molt, v. i. To shed or cast the hair, feathers, skin, horns, etc. — v. t. To cast (the hair, skin, etc.) ; to shed. Molten: see Melt. Molybdena, mol-ib-de^na, Molyb'denite, -nit, n. (Min.) An ore of dark lead color, occurring in flexible lam- ina?, like plumbago ; sulphuret of molybdenum. Mome, mom, n. A dull, silent person; stupid fellow; stock. Moment, mo'ment, n. A minute portion of time ; an instant; impulsive power; momentum; importance in influence or effect; an essential element; a decid- ing point, fact, or consideration.— Mo'mentary, -a-rY, a. Done in a moment ; continuing only a moment. — Mo'mentarily, -a-rY-lY, adv. Every moment; from moment to moment. — Mo'mentariness, w.-Mo'- mently, adv. For a moment ; in a moment ; every moment. — Moment'ous, -us, a. Of moment or con- sequence ; important; weighty. — Momenfousness, n— Momen'tuni, n. ; L.pl.-TA; E. pi. -tums. (Mech.) The amount of force in a moving body, being always proportioned to the quantity of matter multiplied into the velocity ; impetus ; essential or constituent element. [L.] Monachal, etc. See under Monad. Monad, mon /, ad, n. An ultimate atom, or simple, un- extended point; an indivisible thing. (Zool.) One of the simplest kind of minute animalcules. (Chem.) One of the elements (hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, Moldings. astragal ; 6, ogee ; c, cy- matium ; d, cavetto ; e, scotia, or casement ; /, apophyges ; g, ovolo, or quarter round; h, torus ; i, reeding ;"/, band. nee. — Molec'ular, a. Wfm0 sfin, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, bpNboN, chair, get. MONAD 254 MONKEY bromine, iodine, potassium, sodium, and lithium) which can combine with, be exchanged for., or be re- placed by one atom of hydrogen. — Monan'drian, -nan'drY-an, -drous. -drus, a. (hot.) Having but one stamen. — Mon'arch, -ark, n. A sole ruler ; autocrat ; sov- ereign ; emperor, king, prince, or chief; one superior to all others of the same kind.— Monarch'al, -ial, a. Pert, to, or suiting, a monarch ; sovereign ; regal; imperial.— Monarchic, -ical, a. Vested in a single ruler; pert, to mon- archy or a monarch.— Monorchism, n. The principles of monaichy ; love or preference of, etc. — Monarchist, n. An advocate of, etc. — Mon'archy, -I, «. A state or government in which the supreme power is lodged in the hands of a mon- arch; territory ruled over hy a monarch; a kingdom; empire. — Monastery, mon , as-tSr / I or mon'as-trT, n. A house of religious retirement, esp. for monks; convent; nunnery; abbey; priory. — Monas'tic, n. A monk.— Monas'tic, -tical, a. Pert, to monaster- ies, or to their occupants, rules, etc.; secluded from the temporal concerns of life ; recluse. — Monas'ti- cism, -tf-sizm, n. The monastic life, system, or con- dition. — Monachal, -a-kal, a. Pert, to monks or a monastic life ; monastic. — Mon'achism, -a-kizm, n. The system and influences of a monastic life. — Monk, munk, n. One of a male community inhab- iting a monastery, and bound by vows to a life of celibacy and religious exercises;' a religious recluse or hermit. — MonkOry, -er-I, n. The life of monks; monastic life, usage, or customs. — Monkish, a. Like, or pert. to. etc. — Mon'ocar'pous, -kar'pus, a. (Bot.) Bearing fruit but once, and dying after fruc- tification, as wheat. — Mon'ochrome, -o-krom, n. A painting with a single color. — Mon'ochromafic, -kro-mafik, a. Consisting of 1 color, or presenting rays of light of 1 color only. — Monovular, -ulous. -u-lus, a. Having 1 eye only ; adapted to be used with only 1 eye at a time. — Mon'ocule, -kul, n. (Entom.) An insect with only 1 eye. — Mon'odac''- tylous, -daklil-us, a. Having but 1 finger or toe. — Mon'ody, -o-dT, n. A mournful poem, in which a single mourner expresses lamentation. — Monog'- amy, -a-mT, n. Union of 1 male with 1 female; prac- tice or state of having only 1 husband, wife, or mate at a time, — opp. to bigamy and polygamy ; also the state of such as may not marry again after the death of a first wife. — Monog'amisc, n. One who holds to monogamy, as opp. to polygamy, etc. ; one who dis- allows second marriages. — Mon'ogamlc, a. Pert, to, or involving, monogamy. — MonogenOsis, -jen'- e-sis, -nog'eny, -noj'e-ni, n. Unity of origin, — esp. the theory that all mankind has a common origin, opp. to poly genesis or polygeny. — MonOgram, n. A character or cipher composed of 1,2, or more letters, interwoven, being an abbreviation of a name. — MonOgraph, -grat, n. A treatise upon or description of a single thing, or a single branch of a subject.— Monographic, -ical, a. Drawn in lines without colors; pert, to a monograph. — Monog'raphy, -ra-fT, n. A representation by lines only; an outline draw- ing ; a mere sketch ; a monograph. — Mon'olith, n. A pillar, column, etc, consisting of a single stone. — MonOlogue, -log, n. A speech uttered by a per- son alone ; soliloquy ; a poem, song, or scene com- posed for a single performer. — Mon'oma'nia, -nt-a, n. Derangement of a single faculty of the mind, or with regard to a particular subject only. — Mon'o- ma'niac, it. One affected by mono- mania. — a. Affected with, etc.— Mono'mial, -no'mT-al, n. (Alg.) A single algebraic expression ; that is, an expression unconnected with any other by the signs of addition, sub- traction, equality, or inequality.— Monop'athyr-a-thY, n. Solitary suf- fering* or sensibility. — Mon'opet'a- lous, -a-lus, a. (Bot.) Having only 1 petal, or the corolla in 1 piece, or com- posed of petals cohering so as to form ivionopeiaious a tube.-Mon'ophthong, mon'of- "' thong, n. A single uncompounded Gamopet- alous Flower. vowel sound; a vowel digraph. — Mon'ophthon'gal, -thon'gal, a. Consisting of, or pert, to, etc. — Mo- noph'ysite, -nof 'T-sIt, n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of an ancient sect who maintained that the human and divine in Jesus Christ constituted but 1 nature.— Monop'oly, -o-lt. n. An exclusive right, privilege, or power of dealing in any species of goods, or of dealing with a country or market. — Monopolist, -oliz'er, -o-liz'er, n. One who monopolizes. —Mo- nopolize, V. t. [-L1ZED (-lizd), -lizing.] To get possession of the whole of (a commodity); to appro- priate or control the exclusive sale of ; to obtain the exclusive right of, esp. the right of trading to any place, or with any country or district; to engross the whole of. — Monop'teral, a. (Arch.) WJth but I wing, — applied to a temple or circular inclosure of columns without a cell. — MonOsyl'lable, -sil'la-bl, n. A word of 1 syllable. — Mon'osyllablc, a. Con- sisting of 1 syllable ; consisting of words of 1 sylla- ble. —Mon'othe'ism, -the'izm, it. The doctrine or belief that there is but 1 God. — MonOtone, -o-t5n, n. (Mus.) A single unvaried tone or sound. (Rhet.) The utterance of successive syllables in 1 unvaried key or line of pitch. — Monotonous, -o-nus, a. Ut- tered in 1 unvarying tone or key ; continued with dull uniformity. — Monotonously, adv. — Monof- onousness, -ony, -o-nl, n. Absence of variety, as in speaking or singing ; an irksome sameness or want of variety. Monday, mun'dT, n. The 2d day of the week. Money, muni, n.; pi. -eys, -iz. Coin; stamped metal used as the medium of commerce; any currency usually and lawfully employed in buying and sell- ing ; cash; wealth. — MonOtary, -e-tgr-T, a. Pert, to or consisting in money ; pecuniary. — Monkeyed, -id, a. Kich in, having, consisting in, or composed of, money.— MonOyer, -T-Sr, n. (Coinage.) A re- sponsible and authorized manufacturer of coin. — MonOy-or'der, n. An order for a sum of money, issued by a post-office to which payment has been made, and payable by another office. — MonOtize, -e-tlz,v.t. [-TiZED(-tizd),-Tizi;*G.] To convert into money, adopt as current money, give an established value to. Monger, mun'ge'r, n. A trader; dealer, — now used chiefly in composition. — v. t. To deal in, make merchandise of, traffic in.— Mon'grel, munOrel, a. Of a mixed breed; hybrid, — n. An animal of a mixed breed ; one of no definite breed or without pedigree. Mongoose. See Mungoose. Monition, mo-nish'un, n. Instruction given by way of caution; warning; information; notice.— Monltive, -T-tiv, a. Conveying admonition; admonitory.— Mon'itor, n. One who warns, advises, cautions, in- structs, or admonishes ; a pupil selected to look to the scholars in the absence of an instructor, or to in- struct a division or class. (Naut.) An ironclad war vessel, having its guns in a revolving turret, — this having been the name of the first vessel of the kind. — Mon'itolial, -i-to'rY-al, a. Pert, to, performed by, conducted or taught by, or communicated by, mon- itors. — Monitory, -to-rl, a. Giving admonition; warning. Monk, etc. See under Monad. Monkey, munkl, n.; pi. -eys, -iz. One of an order of 4-handed mammals, having pectoral mammae, short legs with hand-shaped prehensile feet, usual- ly, long arms with clasping hands, and almost al- wa} T s a pre- hensile tail, — sometimes applied to apes and ba- boons; a name of con- tempt, or of slight kind- n e s s i the Heads of Monkeys, hammerof a , „. . . „'_..? p i 1 e-driver. X > S>n»ad*; 2, Cebidae. — MonkOyism, -Y-izm, n. Conduct of a monkey ; resemblance to a monkey in disposition or ac- tions. — MonkOy-jack'et, n. A tailless, close-fitting jacket. — rail, n. (Naut.) A second and lighter rail am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, t»rm ; la, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r j MONOCARPOUS 255 MORAL raised about inches above the quarter-rail of a ship. — wrench, n. A wrench or spanner having a movable jaw. Monkey-wrench. Monocarpous, Monody, Monogram, etc. See under Mosau. Monseigneur, mawN-sa-nyer / \ n.; pi. Messeioxeurs, ma-a-i-nyer'. My lord; your grrce or highness, — title of a person of high rank. — Monsieur, rao-sve', n. ; pi. Messieurs, ma-sye'. Sir, or Mr. — title of civility to persons addressed in speech or writing : it is used specifically of princes of the French blood- royal; a frenchman, — in contempt or ridicule. Monsoon, mon-soon', re. A wind alternating with the seasons, esp. a wind in the Indian Ocean, blowing from the S.-W. from April to Oct., and from the N.- E. during the other half of the year. Monster, monaster, re. Something of unnatural size, shape, or quality; a prodigy; an unnatural produc- tion ; an animal or plant "departing from the usual type ; any thing or person horrible from ugliness, deformity , wickedness, or power to harm. — Mon'- strous, -strus, a. Having the qualities of a monster; deviating greatly from the natural form; abnormal; enormous; extraordinary; marvelous; shocking to the sight or other senses; horrible; dreadful, — adv. Exceedingly ; very much. — Monstrosity, -stros'- T-ti, n. State of being monstrous; an unnatural pro- duction ; that which is monstrous. — Mon'strance, -strans, n. (Rom. L'ath. Church.) A transparent pyx, in which the consecrated wafer or host is held up to view before the congrega- tion. Montanic, mon-tan'ik, a. Pert. to, or consisting in, mountains. — Mont de Pi'ti, mawN'de-pe- a-ta'. A pawnbroking establish- ment, to lend money to necessi- tous persons at a low rate of interest. Month, munth, n. One of the 12 divisions of the calendar year ; time of one revolution of the moon; four weeks. — Monthly, -IT, a. Continued, or performed in a month ; hap- pening once a month, or everv month. — n. A publi- cation which appears regularly once a month. -adv. Once a month; in every month. Monument, mon'u-ment, n. Anything intended to remind or give notice; a building, pillar, stone, etc., erected in remembrance of a person, event, etc. ; memorial; tomb: cenotaph; an enduring or notable evidence, instance, or example. Moo. raoo,p. i. To make the noise of a cow; to low. Mood, mood, re. Manner; style; mode; logical form; musical style ; grammatical form indicating man- ner of action or being. Mood, mood, re. Temper of mind; temporary state of the mind in regard to passion or feeling. — Mood'y, : T, a. [moodier, -iest.] Indulging moods, or vary- ing frames of mind; out of humor; peevish; ab- stracted_and pensive; gloomy; fretful; capricious. Moon, moon, n. The satellite which revolves round the earth; any second- ary planet, or satellite; a month ; a complete revolution of the moon. (Fort.) A crescent- formed outwork. — v. i. T o act as if moon- struck; to stare dream- ily, wander idly. — Moon'y, -T, a. Pert, to, orli'ron. I or me, — used for empha- sis; used also instead of me, without emphasis, as the object of the first person of a reflexive verb. Myriad, mir'H-ad, n. Ihe number of ten thousand; an immense or indefinitely large number. — Myr'- iagram,-i-a-gram,rc. A metric weight = 10,000 grams, or 10 kilograms, or 22.046 lbs. avoirdupois. — Myria- gramme, me're-a/gram', re. Same as Myriagram. — Myrialiter, imVi-SKI-ter or mir'I-a-li'ter, n. A measure of capacity = 10,000 liters = 2,641.4 Amer. gallons, or nearly 42 hogsheads. — Myrialitre, -le'tr, ■n. Same as Myrialiter. — Myriameter, mir' l-am'e- ter or mir'Tt-a-me'tSr, re. A measure of length = 10,000 meters = 6.2134 Amer. or 6.21382 Eng. miles. — Myriainetre, me / re_-a / ma y, tr, n. Same as Myriame- ter.— Myriare, me're-ar', n. A measure of suriace = 10,000 ares = 247.085 Amer. or 247.1143 Eng. acres. — Myr'iapod, -Y-a-pod, re. (Zobl.) An air-breathing, vermiform, articulate ani- mal, having many jointed legs and a hard external skeleton ; centiped ; milli- ped. Myrmidon, mer'nit-dun, n. One of a troop who accom- panied Achilles to the war against Troy; hence, a sol- dier of a rough or desperate character; one who ruth- lessly executes orders. Myrrh, mer, n. A transpar- ent gum-resin, usually of amber color, of aromatic odor, and bitter, slightly pungent taste. Myrtle, mSr'tl, n. A fragrant evergreen shrub of several species : the common Myrtle (Myrtus com- munis). am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, Sve, term ; In, Ice ; 8dd, t5ne, 8r ; MYSELF 261 NARWHAL myrtle has a shrubby, upright stem, 8 or 10 feet high: the ancients considered it sacred to Venus. — Myr'- tiform, a. Resembling myrtle or myrtle-berries. Myself. See under My. Mystery, mis'ter-Y, n. A trade; handicraft; any me- chanical occupation; a kind of rude drama, of a re- ligious character, orig. performed By craftsmen; a mystery-play. Mystery, mis / tSr-i, n. A profound secret; that which is beyond human comprehension until explained; anything artfully made difficult, pi. A kind of secret religious celebrations, to which only initiated persons were admitted. — Myste'rious, -rY-us, a. Relating to, of the nature of, or containing, mystery ; difficult or impossible to understand; obscure; secret; occult; enigmatical; incomprehensible. — Mys'tic, n. One who holds to mysticism. — Mys'tic, -tical, a. Re- mote from human comprehension; obscure; import- ing or implying mysticism; involving some secret meaning; allegorical; emblematical. — Mysticism, -tY-sizm, n. Obscurity of doctrine. (Eccl. Hist.) Doctrine of the Mystics, who maintain that they have direct intercourse with the divine Spirit, and acquire a knowledge of spiritual things unattaina- ble by the natural intellect. — Mystifica'tion, n. Act of involving in mystery, perplexing, or playing on one's credulity ; also, something designed to mys- tify. — Mys'tify, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -eying.] To involve in mystery so as to mislead ; to perplex purposely. Myth, mitn, n. A fable, legend, or tradition as to the origin, early history, gods, etc., of a nation, etc. ; a fabulous story; an imaginary person or object. — Mytb/ic, -ical, a. Relating to, described in, or of the nature of, a myth; fabulous; imaginary; fanci- ful. — Mythol'ogy, -thoKo-jY, n. Science of, or a treatise on, myths; a collective body of myths; esp. pert, to the gods, etc., of a heathen people. — My- thol'ogist, -thologist, n. One versed in, or who writes on, mythology. N. N, en, the 14th letter of the Eng. alphabet, is a nasal. Nab, nab, v. t. [nabbed (naod), -bing.] To catch suddenly or unexpectedly. Nabob, na'bob, n. A deputy or viceroy in India; one who returns to Europe from the East with immense wealth; a very rich man. Nadir, na'dgr, n. That point of the heavens directly opposite to the zenith; the lowest point. Nag, nag, n. A horse, esp. a small horse ; pony. Nag, nag, v. t. [nagged (nagd), -ging.] To tease in a petty and pertinacious fashion, scold, annoy. Naiad, na'yad, n. (Myth.) A female deity, presiding over a river or spring ; a water nymph. Nail, nal, n. The horny scale growing at the end of the human fingers and toes; the claw or talon of a bird or other animal; a metal pin to fasten boards, timbers, etc. ; a measure of length = 21-4 inches. — v. t. [nailed (nald), nailing.] To fasten with nails, or as with a nail; to fix, catch, trap. Naked, na'ked, a. Having no clothes on; uncovered; bare; nude; unarmed; defenseless; open to view; manifest ; plain ; without addition, exaggeration, excuses, etc. ; destitute, unaided ; mere ; simple. (Bot.) Without pubescence; without a calyx; with- out leaves; not inclosed in a pod or capsule. (Mils.) Not having the full complement of tones. Name, nam, n. The title by which a particular person or thing is known or designated : appellation ; reputed character; reputation; renown; celebrity; eminence; memory; remembrance; a race; family; a person. — v.t. [named (namd), naming.] To give an appella- tion to; to mention by name; to designate by name, denominate, style, term, call, nominate. — Name'- less, a. Without a name; undistinguished; that cannot or ought not to be named. — Nam'' able, a. Capable of being named. — Namely, adv. To wit; that is to say; to particularize. — Name'sake, n. One who has the same name as another; esp., one named out of regard to another. Nankeen, nan-ken', n. A yellowish cotton cloth, of firm texture, orig. manufactured at Nankin, China. Nap, nap, v. i. [napped (napt), napping.] To have a short sleep; to be drowsy, doze; to be in a careless, secure state. — n. A short sleep. Nap, nap, n. Woolly or villous substance on the sur face (of felt, cloth, some plants, etc.). Nape, nap, n. The back part of the neck. Naphtha, nap'tha or naftha, n. A thin, volatile, very inflammable and explosive hydrocarbon, ob- tained from some oil-springs and from distillation of coil and wood, -and esp. from petroleum. Napkin, nap'kin, n. A little towel; a cloth used for wiping the mouth and hands, esp. at the table. Narcissus, nar-sis'sus, n. (Bot.) A genus of bulbous flowering plants, of several species, comprising the daffodils, jonquils, etc. — Narcot'ic, -kot'ik, -ical, a. (Med.) Relieving pain, and producing sleep; producing stupor, coma, and convul- sions, and, when given in sufficient quantity, causing death. — n. (Med.) A medi- cine which, in medicinal doses, relieves pain, and produces sleep, but in poi- sonous doses produces stu- por, coma, convulsions, and, in sufficient quantity, caus- es death. Narrate, nar-raf or nar'rat, v. t. To tell, rehearse, or re- cite, as a story ; to give an account of. — Narra'tion, n. Act of, etc.; rehearsal; recital; thing related; ac- Narcissus, count; relation; story; tale; history. — Nar'rative, -ra-tiv, a. Pert, to narration ; giving a particular or continued account; inclined to relate stories, or to tell particulars of events, —n. That narrated; the recital of a story; narration. — Narra'tor, n. Narrow, nar'ro, a. Of little breadth ; not wide or broad; of little extent; very limited; circumscribed; contracted in mind, disposition, views, feelings, etc. ; parsimonious; selfish; within a small distance; close; near ; involving serious exposure ; scrutinizing ; careful; exact. — v. t. [narrowed (-rod), -row- ing.] To lessen the breadth of, contract ; to con- tract the reach or sphere of ; to make less liberal or more selfish; to limit, confine- (Knitting.) To con- tract the size of (a stocking, etc.) by taking 2 stitches intol. — v. i. To become less broad. (Knitting.) To contract size, by taking 2 stitches into 1. — Nar/rows, n. pi. A narrow passage through a mountain, or a channel of water between one sea or lake and anoth- er; a contracted part of a river or of an ocean cur- rent; a strait; sound. — Nar'rowly, adv. With little breadth; without much extent; contractedly; with minute scrutiny; closely; by a small distance; bare- ly; merely; sparingly. Narwhal, nar'hwal, -wal, found in the northern seas; sea-unicorn : the. male has usually one long, twisted., tusk, projecting for- ward from the upper jaw like a horn. A cetaceous mammal, Narwhal. sun, cube, full ; moon, fOot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. NASAL 262 NEAR Na^al, na'zal, a. Pert, to the nose ; spoken through the nose. — ji. An elementary sound uttered through the nose, or through both nose and mouth simultaneously. (Med.) A medicine that operates through the nose; an errhine. — Nastur'tium, -ter'- shum, n. A plant of several species, cultivated for its showv, strong-scented, yellow or orange flowers, as a salad plant, and for its pungent flower-buds and seeds (for pickling); Indian cress; also, the wa- ter cress and allied cruciferous plants. Nascent. See under Nation. Na3ty, nas'tr, a. [-tieu, -tiest.] Offensively filthy; very dirty; nauseous; disgusting; indecent; gross; vile; wet, sloppy, disagreeable, — said of the weather. Natant, na'tant, a. {Bot.) Floating on the surface of water, as the leaf of an aquatic plant. Nation, na'shun, n. A people living in the same coun- try and under the same government; a people hav- ing a common origin and language ; people ; race; stock.— Na'tional, nash'un-al, a. Pert, to a nation; common to a people or race ; public ; general ; at- tached, esp. to one's own country. — Nationalism, -izm, n. State of being national ; national attach- ment.— Nationality, -al'I-tl, n. Quality of being na- tional, or strongly attached to one's own nation; na- tional character; a race or people, as determined by common language and character, and not by polit- ical bias or divisions; nation; national unity and in- tegrity. — Nationalize, nash'un-al-Iz, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -izing.] To make national.— Nas'cent, -sent, a. Beginning to exist or to grow. — Na'tal. a. Pert, to, accompanying, or dating from, one's birth ; na- tive; natural. — Na'tive, -tiv, a. Tort, to one's birth; natal; conferred by birth; born with one; indige- nous; produced by nature; not wrought by art; un- artiScial. — n. One born in a place or country; a denizen by birth. (Stock-breeding.) Any of the live stock found in a region, excluding such as belong to pure and distinct breeds ; an animal of common or mongrel blood. — Nativ'ity, -tiv'i-tT, n. Birth; time, place, or circumstances of birth. (Astrol.) A horoscope. — Nat'ure, na'chur, n. Native charac- ter; inherent qualities, attributes, or endowments; kind; sort; character; species; established or regular course of things; existing system of things; the world of matter; thecrcatiou; universe; the personified sum and order of causes and effects ; the agencies which carry on the processes of the creation ; natural af- fection or reverence ; adherence to what is natural, normal, or usual ; a person of intelligence and char- acter. — Nat'ural, nach'ur-al, a. Pert, to the con- stitution of a thing; according to nature; charac- teristic; conformed to the order of nature; normal; regular; having to do with the existing system of things; conformed to truth or reality; by impulses of natural appetite alone ; illegitimate ; bastard ; pert, to, derived from, or formed by, the lower or animal nature merely. (Mus.) Pert, to a key which has neither a flat nor a sharp for its signature, —n. An idiot. (Mus.) A character [thus, _Q~] used to contradict, or to remove the effect of, a sharp or flat which has preceded it. — Nat'uralist, n. One who studies the natural history of animals ; one who maintains the doctrines of naturalism.— Nat'urali- za'tion, it. Act of investing an alien with the rights and privileges of a native subject or citizen; state of being thus invested with citizenship.— Nat'u- ralize, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -izijtg.] To make natural or easy by custom and habit; to confer rights of a native citizen on; to receive or adopt as native, nat- ural, or vernacular; to accustom, habituate, accli- mate.— v. i. To explain phenomena by natural agencies or laws. — Nafurally, adv. According to nature, or to the usual course of things; without art or cultivation; spontaneously; without affectation. Natty, nat'tr, a. Neatly fine ; smart ; spruce. Naught, Nought, nawt, n. Nothing. — adv. In no degree, — a. Of no value or account; worthless ; bad; vile; naughty. — Naughfy, -I, a. [-iek, -iest] Orig. corrupt ; wicked ; mischievous ; perverse, — said esp. of children. — Naught'ily, -1-11, adv. In a naughty manner; perversely; corruptly. — Naughf- iness, n. Nausea, naw'she-a, n. Seasickness; any similar sick- ness of the stomach, accompanied with a propen- sity to vomit ; qualm.— Nau'seate, naw'she-at, v. i. To become squeamish, feel disgust.— v. t. To affect with nausea, sicken ; to reject with disgust, loathe. — Nau'seou3, -shus, a. Causing, or fitted to cause, nausea. — Nau'tical, -tik-al, a. Pert, to seamen, or to the art of navigation ; naval ; marine ; maritime. — Nau'tilus, -tt-lus, n. (Zobl.) A cephalopodous mollusk, of several species, having a spiral, chambered shell and many slender cupless tentacles; the name is also applied to the shells of sev- eral different mollusca. A kind of diving bell, whose motions are con- trolled by the occupants.— Na'val, a. Pert, to, consisting of, or having to do with ships or a navy : naut- Nautilus, ical ; marine ; maritime. — Na'vy, -vT, n. A fleet of ships; a nation's ships of war. considered collectively, or the officers and men belonging to them. — Nav / '- igate, nav'Y-gat, v. i. To journev bv water, go in a ship, sail. — v. t. To pass over "in ships; to steer, direct, or manage in sailing. — Navigation, n. Act of navigating ; science or art of conducting ships or vessels from one place to another ; navigable water; means of navigation ; vessels ; shipping. — Nav'- igable, a. Admitting of being navigated. — Nav'- iga'tor, n. One who is skillful in the art of naviga- tion. — Nav'vy, -vl, n. Originally, a laborer on ca- nals for inter- nal navigation; hence, a labor- er on other public works, esp. railroads. — Nave, -nav, n. (Arch.) The middle or body of a church, extending f r . the choir to the principal en- trance ; the part between the wings or aisles. Nautch, nawch, m. In India, an exhibition of dancing by girls, generally courtesans. Nave, nav, n. Body of a church : see under Nausea. Nave, nav, n. The piece of wood, etc., in the center of a wheel, through which the axle passes; the hub. — Na'vel, -vl, n. A depression in the center of the abdomen, being the scar left by the detachment of the umbilical cord after birth; the central part or point of anything ; middle. Nay, na, adv. No; not this merely, but also; not only so. — n. Denialj refusal. Nazarene, naz'a-ren', n. An inhabitant of Nasareth; one of the early converts to Christianity,— a term of contempt. — Naz'arite, -rit, n. A Jew who bound himself by a vow to extraordinary purity of life and devotion. Neap, Hep, n. The pole of a cart or wagon ; a prop for the front of a cart, etc. Neap, nep, a. Low : scanty. Neapolitan, ne-a-poKl-tan, a. Of, or pert, to, the city of Naples. Near, ner, a. Not far distant; as, not distant in place, adjacent, neighboring; or, .not distant in time; or, closely related; or, close to one's interests, affection, etc.; intimate; dear; or, close to anything followed or imitated ; or, on the left of a team : serving to bring the objpet closer ; immediate : direct : par- simonious ; illiberal. — adv. At a little distance only, in place or time, manner or degree ; almost ; well-nigh ; nearly. — v. t. [neaked (nerd), neap- ing.] To approach, come nearer. — v. i. To draw near, approach. — prep. Adjacent to ; close by. — Nearly, -It, adv. At no great distance ; closely ; Nave. Em, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r ; NEAT 263 NEOG-ENE intimately ; pressingly ; almost ; in a parsimonious manner. Neat, net, n. Cattle of the bovine genus, as bulls, ox- en, and cows. — a. Belonging to the bovine genus, as, neat cattle ; also, pert, to such cattle. Neat, net, a. Free from that which soils or disorders; clean; pleasing with simplicity; chaste; good in its kind; excellent; complete in character, skill, etc.; adroit; with all deductions made; net; tidy; trim; spruce. — Net, a. (Com.) Pure; unadulterated; clear of all charges, deductions, etc. — v. t. To gain or produce as clear profit. Neb, neb, n. The nose; snout; mouth; the beak of a bird; the bill; nib (of a pen). Nebula, neb'u-la, n. ; pi. -lm, -le. (Astron.) A misty or cloud-like object in the distant heavens, often re- solvable by the telescope into distinct stars.— Neb'- nlous, -u-lus, a. Cloudy ; hazy. (Astron.) Pert, to, or like, a nebula ; nebular. — Nebulos'ity, -los'T-tT, n. State of being nebulous. (Astron.) The faint, misty appearance surrounding certain stars. Necessary, nes'es-sa-rl, «. Such as must be; inevita- ble; indispensable; essential; acting from necessity or compulsion.— n. A thing indispensable to some purpose, — chiefly in pi. ; a privy ; water-closet. — Nece3'sity, -ses'si-tr, n. Quality of being, etc. ; pressing need; indigence; want; that which is neces- sary; a requisite, — chiefly in pi. ; irresistible force ; overruling power; fate; fatality. (Metanh.) Denial of freedom to voluntary action. — Necessitate, v. t. To make necessary or indispensable ; to force, compel. — Necessitous, -sl-tus, a. "Very needy or indigent ; narrow ; destitute. Neck, nek, h. The part of an animal's body connect- ing head and trunk; any part of an inanimate ob- ject corresponding to a neck ; the long, slender part of a vessel, as a retort, or of a fruit, as a gourd; esp., a narrow tract of land connecting- larger tracts. Necrology, ne-krol'o-ji, n. A register of deaths. — Nec'roman'cy, -si, n. Art of revealing future events by pretended communication with the dead ; conjuration; enchantment; the black art, q. v., un- der Black. — Necrop'olis, n. A city of the dead ; cemetery ; graveyard. Nectar, nek'tar, n. (Mi/th. & Poet.) The drink of the gods; the honey in certain flowers and plant glands; a sweet, pleasant, or delicious beverage. — Nec'tar- ine, -tar-in, n. (Bot.) A variety of peach, with a smooth rind. — Nec'tary, -ta-ri, n. (Bot.) The honey-gland of a flower. Nee, na, p. p. Born, — used to denote the family name of a woman before her marriage. Need, ned, n. A state that requires supply or relief; urgent want; poverty; indigence; exigency; strait; extremity. — v. t. To be in want of, lack- [With another verb, nee'l is used like an auxiliary, and un- dergoes no change of termination in the 3d pers. sing, of the pres. tense.] — v.i. To be wanted.be necessary.— Needs, a Iv. Of necessity; necessarily; indispensably. — Need'y, -I, a. [-ieu, -iest.J Dis- tressed by want of the means of living; necessitous. — Need'le3S, a. Having no need ; in want of noth- ing : unnecessary; not requisite. — Need'ful, -ful, a. Full of need ; needy; requisite. Needle, ne'dl, n. A slender, pointed steel instrument with an eye, used in sewing; a knitting-needle: a magnetized bar of steel, resting on a pivot, in a com- pass, so as to turn freely toward the magnetic poles of the earth ; any slender pointed object ; a pointed crystal ; a sharp pinnacle of rock, etc — r. i. To shoot into the form of needles. — Nee'dleful, -ful, ??.. ; pi. -fl'ls. As much thread as is put at once into a needle. Ne'er, nar, adv. A contr. of never. — Ne'er'-do-weel, -wel, n. A good-for-nothing; one who will never do good. Nefarious, ne-fa^rT-us, a. Wicked in the extreme ; atrociously villainous; detestable; infamous; impi- ous. — Nega'tion, n. Act of denying: denial : state- ment of what a thing is not, or has not, etc. — Neg'a- tive, -tiv, a. Implying or containing denial, nega- tion, or refusal ; the opposite of affirmative or pos- itive : marked by absence of what is appropriate or expected ; having the effect of stopping or restrain- ing. — n. A proposition by which something is de- nied or forbidden ; an opposite or contradictory term or conception; a word that denies; veto; the relation of denial or opposition. (Photog.) A picture upon glass in which the lights and shadows aie reversed, from which photographs, etc., may be printed. — V. t. [NEGATIVED (-tivd), -TIVING.J To dispiove; to refuse to enact or sanction. — Neglect', -lekf, v. t. Not to treat with due attention; to suffer to pass unimproved, unheeded, undone, etc.; to omit; to forbear to treat with attention or respect; to slight, overlook, disregard. — n. Omission of proper atten- tion; state of being disregarded. — Neglect'ful, -iul, a. Full of neglect; heedless: careless: inattentive; treating with neglect or slight ; indicating indiffer- ence. — Neg'ligence, -ll-jens, n. Quality of being negligent; habitual neglect; a negligent act.— Neg'- ligent, a. Apt to neglect; customarily neglectiul; heedless ; remiss. — Negligee, neglT-zha', n. An easy, unceremonious attire ; a long necklace t usu- ally of red coral. — Negotiate, -shT-at, v. i. To transact business ; to treat with another respecting purchase and sale; to treat with respecting a treaty, league, etc.— v. t. To arrange for; to settle by deal- ing and management; to sell, pass. — Nego'tiable, a. Capable oi being negotiated: transierable by as- signment or indorsement to another person.— Nego'- tia'tion, -shi-a'shun, «. Act of negotiating ; the transacting of business in traffic ; mercantile busi- ness ; trading; the transaction of business between nations.— Nei'ther, ne'tJ ei or ni 'ft Si- (see Eitheh), pron. or provonival a. Not either ; not the one or the other, — tonj. Not either. — Neu'ter, nu'ter, a. Neither the one thing nor the other: of neither side; neutril: sexless. (C/iam.) Of neither gender; nei- ther male nor iemale ; neither active nor passive; intransitive. (Hot.) Having neither stamens nor pistils, -n. A person who takes no part in a con- test ; a neutral ; the working bee, which is really an undeveloped female. (Bot.) A plant having neither stamens nor pistils. — Neu'tral, a. Not engaged on either side ; neuter ; indiflerent ; nei- ther very good nor bad; of medium quality. (Bot.) Having neither stamens nor pistils. — n. A person or nation that takes no part in a contest between others.— Neutrality, -traKI-ti, n. State of being neutral ; indifieience ; a combination of neutral powers or states. — Neutralize, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -izing.] To render neutral. (Chem.) To destioy the effect of, render inert. To destroy the peculiar properties or opposite dispositions of.— Nev'er, adv. Not ever; not at any time ; in no degree; not in the least; not.— Nevertheless', adv. Not the less ; not- withstanding ; in spite of that ; however ; at least ; yet. Negro, ne'gro, n. ; pi. -gkoes, -gi5z. A black man; esp., one of a race having protruding lips and woolly hair, inhabiting a portion of tropical Africa. — Ne'- gress, n. A blrckw;ar, nutmeg, and lemon-juice. Neigh, na, r. i. [neighed (n'ad), neighing.] To cry as a horse: to whinny. — n. The natural cry of a horse ; a whinnying. Neighbor, na'ber, n. One who lives near one; one en- titled to, or exhibiting, neighboily kindness: one of the human race. — a. Near to another; adjeining; next. — v. t. [neighbored (-herd), -boring.] 1o adjoin, border on, be near to. — Neighborhood, -hdfjd, n. Quality or condition of being a neighbor; vicinity; adjoining disti ict • a region whose inhabit- ants may he counted as neighbors; inhabitants liv- ing in the vicinity of each other. — Neigh/boring, a. Living or being near. — Neigh/borly, -ler-ll , a. Be- coming a neighbor ; kind ; social ; friendly ; culti- vating familiar intercourse. Neither. See under Nefarious. Neogene. ne'o-jen, n. (Geol.) A designation for the miocene and' pliocene tertiary formations. — Neol'- ogy, -ol'o-jT, n. Introduction of a new word, or of new words, into a language; new doctrines, esp. in theology. — Neolog'ical, -loj'ik-al, a. Pert, to neol- sun, cube, full ; moon, f<56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. NEPHEW 264 NICHE ogy ; employing new words. — NeoKogisni, -jizm, n. Introduction of new words or doctrines ; a new word, expression, or doctrine. — Ne'ophyte, -o-iit, n. A new convert or proselyte ; a novice ; tyro. Nephew, nefu, Eng.pron. nev'u, n. A son of one's brother or sister. — Nep'otism, -tizm, n. Fondness for, or favoritism shown to, relations. Nerve, nerv, n. Physical force or steadiness ; firm- ness of mind ; self-command ; courage. (Anat.) One of the fibers which establish communication between the parts of the body, and the brain and spinal cord, or the central ganglia. {Hot.) One of the simple parallel veins or ribs of a leaf, etc. — v. t. [NEKVED (nervd), nekving.] To give strength or vigor to. — Nenrine, -In, a. {Med.) Quieting nerv- ous excitement, — n. Nerve substance. {Med.) A medicine which acts upon the nerves. — Nerv'ous, -us, a. Possessing nerve ; strong ; vigorous ; mani- festing mental vigor ; pert, to, or seated in, the nerves; full of nerves; having the nerves weak or diseased ; easily agitated.— Neural'gia, nu-raKji-a, n. {Med.) A disease, whose chief symptom is acute pain, which follows the course of a nervous branch, extends to its ramifications, and seems to be seated in the nerve. — Neural'gic gia. — Neuro'ma, -ma, n. a nerve. — Neurop / '- ter, n. One of an order of insects having 4 m e m b r a- n o u s, transparent wings, as the drag- on-fly. — Neurop'- teral, a. Pert, to, etc. — Neurot/ic, a. Relating to, seated in , or useful in disor- ders of, the nerves. — n. A drug affect- ing primarily the functions of intel- lection, sensibility, -jik, a. Pert, to neural- {Pathol.) A tumor on motility,— Icohol, < Neuropter. Caddis-fly {Phryania). aconite, alcohol, chloral, ether, digitalis, opium, etc. — Neurofomy, -o-ml, n. Art or practice of dissect- ing the nerves ; an incised wound of a nerve. Nest, nest, n. The receptacle prepared by a bird for hatching and Nest of Thistle-bird, snug, as a bird in her nest ; to move about in one's seat, like a bird when forming her nest. — v. t. To house, as in a nest; to cherish, as a bird her young. — Nestling, nestling, n. A young bird in the nest, or just taken from the nest. Net, net, n. A texture of twine, etc., with open meshes, arranged in various forms, for catching fish, birds, or beasts ; anything fitted to entrap or deceive; a snare; any fahric of open texture, as one to inclose the hair. — v. t. To make into a net, or net-work: to tike in a net. — v. i. To form net- work.— Net'ting, n. A piece of net-work. — Nef- work, n. A fabric of threads, cords, or wires cross- ing each other at certain intervals, and secured at the crossings. Net, a. Unadulterate, clear of deduction. Neth'er, neth'er, a. Lying or being beneath, or in the lower part ; lower" — Neth'ermost, a. Lowest. Nettle. Nettle, neftl, n. A plant covered with minute ska hairs containing a poison that produces a very painful sensation. — v. t. [nettled (-tld), -TLIH6.] To fret or sting, irritate or vex. — Net 'tie -rash, n, {Med.) An eruptive dis- ease resembling the ef- fects of whipping with a nettle; urticaria. Neuralgia, Neurotic, etc. See under Nehve. Neuter, Neutral, Never, etc. See under Nefari- ous. New, nu, a. Having ex- isted, or having been made, but a short time; of late origin; lately manifested ; recently in- vented, discovered, or established as true ; strange; starting anew ; recommencing ; not ancient ; mod- ern ; not worn out or defaced by use ; unaccus- tomed ; unfamiliar ; fresh from anything ; novel. — NeWTy, -It, adv. Lately; freshly; recently; in a manner not existing before ; with a new form. — New'ness, ?;. State or quality of being new, or of being first known or introduced ; novelty ; innova- tion ; recent change ; want of practice or familiar- ity; different state or qualities introduced by change or regeneration. — News, ntiz, n. [Plural in form, but united with a verb in the sing.] Recent intel- ligence ; fresh information ; tidings ; information of what has recently happened or of what was be- fore unknown ; advice. — News'mon / ger, n. One who deals in news. — News'paper, n. A public print that circulates news, advertisements, etc. Newel, nu'el, n. {Arch.) The upright post about v liich the steps of a circular staircase wind; the post at the angles and foot of a staircase. Newt, nut, n. A small water lizard ; an eft. lNc::t, nekst, a.; superl. of nigh. Nearest in place, time, degree, quality, rank, right, or relation; ad- joining in a series. — adv. At the time or turn near- est or immediately succeeding. Nib, nib, n. Something small and pointed; a prong; esp. the bill or beak of a bird, or point of a pen. — v. t. To furnish with a nib; to point; to cut off the point of.— Nip'ple, -pi, n. The protuberance on the breast of females from which milk is drawn ; a teat, pap ; any small projection having a perforation, as that part of a gun-lock on which the cap is placed. Nibble, nib'bl, v. t. [-bled (-bid), -bling.] To eat slowly or in small bits. — v. i. To bite gently, or a lit- tle ata time.— n. A little bite, or seizing as if to bite. Nice, ins, a. Pleasing to the senses; esp. to the taste; agreeable; gratifying; wrought by a skillful work- man; produced by an acute or fastidious mind; requiring to be daintily touched, discussed, or judged of; refined; showing delicacy or refinement; distin- guishing accurately or minute- ly ; over scrupulous or exact ; hard to please or satisfy ; scru- pulously and minutely cautious ; dainty; fine; precise; fastidious; squeamish ; finical. — Nic'ety, -e-tf, n. Quality of being nice ; daintiness, as, delicate manage- ment ; or, delicacy of percep- tion; a minute distinction ; pre- cision ; or, excess of delicacy ; fastidiousness ; a delicacy, — ~=\ used in pl._ Nicene, ni'sen or m-sen', a. Of, _, or pert, to, Nice, in Asia Minor, r where the Nicene creed, a sum- mary of Christian faith, was composed. A. D. 325. ^^ Niche, nich, n. A cavity or re- cess, generally within the thick- ness of a wall, for a statue, bust, etc. Niche. am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r ; NICK 265 NOBLE Nick, nik, n. {Northern Myth.) An evil spirit of the waters ; hence Old Nick, thedevilr Nick, nik, n. A notch cut into something ; a score for keeping an account ; a hit ; the exact point or critical moment, — v. t. [nicked (uikt), nicking.] To cut in notches ; to make nicks in, notch; to suit or fit into, as one nick or notch into another; to hit ; to strike at the precise point or time ; to gain an ad- vantage over, cozen, defeat ; to hit with a telling name or epithet. Nickel, nik'el, u. (Min.) A hard grayish-white metal of considerable luster, very malleable and ductile: it is used in various alloys and in plating; in the U. S., a coin (1, 2, or 5 cents) made partly of nickel. Nick'nack. Same as Knickknack. Nickname, nik'nam, n. A name given in contempt, derision, or sportive familiarity, —v.t. [nicknamed (-namd), -naming.] To give a name of reproach or familiarity to. Nicotian, nT-ko'shan, a. Pert, to, or derived from tobacco.— Nic'otin, -tine, -tin, n. An oily, limpid, and highly poisonous liquid alkaloid yielded by tobacco. Niece, nes, n. A. daughter of one's brother or sister. Niggard, nig'gard, n. One meanly close and covet- ous; a miser. — a. Meanly covetous; sordidly parsi- monious ; miserly. — Nig'gardly, -IT, a. Meanly avaricious in dealing with others; cautiously avoid- ing profusion; penurious. Nigger. See under Negro. Nigh, ni, a. [nigher; highest or next.] Not dis- tant in place or time; near; not remote in degree, kindred, circumstances, etc. ; closely allied ; adja- cent ; contiguous; intimate. — adv. In a situation near in place or time, or in the course of events; al- most ; nearly, —prep. Near to ; not distant from. Night, nit, n. The time from sunset to sunrise; dark- ness; obscurity; ignorance; a state of affliction or distress; adversity; death; the time of the absence of life from nature.— Nightly, -IT, a. Done by night ; done every night. — adv. By_night ; in the night; every night.— Nightingale, -gal, n. A small migra- tory bird of Europe, Asia, and Africa, which sings sweetly at night; philomel. — Night'mare, -mar, n. A state of oppression during sleep, with horror, anx- iety, and a desire to call tor help, and a sense of pressure on the chest or stomach; incubus; any over- whelming, oppressive, or stupefying influence. — Nighf-shade, n. (Lot.) A low, branching, annual plant, of several species, having very small white flowers, and round berries, and poisonous properties. Nigrescent. See under Negro. Nil, nil, n. Nothing, — a term used in canceling, in book-keeping, meaning to take no notice of that to which it refers.— Ni'hilism, ni-'hil-izm, n. Nothing- ness ; nihility ; doctrine that nothing can be known. (Ross. Politics.) The socially destructive principles maintained by the organization of Nihilists, who disbelieve in any permanent improvement in the social condition or progress of man, and who consti- tute a secret revolutionary society, devoted to the destruction of the present form of government. — Ni'hilist, n. An advocate of, etc.— Nihility, -hil'T- tT, n. Nothingness; a state of being nothing. Nimble, nim'bl, a. [-bler, -blest.] Light and quick in motion ; agile ; briskj, prompt. Nincompoop, nin'kum-poop, Nin'kum, n. A silly fool; blockhead; simpleton. Nine, nin, a. One more than 8, or one less than 10. — n. The sum of 5 and 4 ; a symbol representing nine units, as 9 or ix; the players on one side in a game of base ball, 9 in number.— The Nine. The 9 Muses: see Muse.— Nine'fold, a. Nine times repeated.— Ninth, a. Following the 8th and preceding the 10th; being one of 9 equal parts into which anything is divided. — n. The quotient of a unit divided by 9; one of 9 equal parts. (Mus.) An interval contain- ing an octave and a second ; a chord consisting of the common chord, with the 8th advanced one note^— Ninthly, adv. In the 9th place. — Nine'teen, -ten, a. Nine and ten. — n. The sum of 10 and 9; a symbol representing nineteen units, as 19 or xix. — Nineteenth, a. Following the 18th and preceding the 20th; being one of 19 equal parts into which any- thing is divided. — n. The quotient of a unit divid- ed by 19 : one of 19 equal parts ; the next in order after the 18th. — Nine'ty, -tT, a. Nine, times 10; one more than 89.— n. The sum of 9 times 10 ; a symbol representing ninety units, as 90 or xc. — Nine'tieth. -tT-eth, a. Next in order after the 89th; being one of 90 equal parts. —h. The quotient of a unit divided by 90 ; one of 90 equal parts; the next in order after the 89th. Ninny, nin / 'nT, n. A fool ; simpleton ; dolt. Nip, nip, v. t. [nipped (nipt) less properly nipt, nipping.] To catch or inclose and compress tightly between two surfaces or edges brought together; to pinch; to remove by pinching, biting, or cutting with 2 meeting edges of anything; to blast, as by frost; to destroy; to bite, vex. — n. A seizing or closing in upon; a pinch with the nails or teeth; a small cut, or a cutting off the end; a blast; destruction by frost; a biting sarcasm ; taunt ; a sip (esp. of intoxicating liquor).— Nip'per, n. One who or that which, etc.; a fore tooth , of ahorse; a small draught; sip; ' nip. pi. Small pincers for hold- in g, breaking, or cutting. (Naut.) A number of yarns Kippers, marled together, to secure a cable to the messenger. Nipple. See under Nib. Nisan, iii'san, n. The 1st month of the Jewish sacred year, answering to April, orig. called Abib. Nisi, ni'si, conj. Unless ; if not. [L.] — Nisi prius. (Law.) Unless before, — a phrase applied to terms of court, held generally by a single judge, with a jury, for the trial of civil causes. Nit, nit, n. The egg of a louse or other small insect. Niter, -tre, ni'ter, n. (Chem.) A white, crystalline salt, nitrate of potassa, having a pungent, saline taste,— used in the manufacture of gunpowder, etc.; saltpeter. — Ni'trate, -trat, n. A salt formed by the union of nitric acid with a base. — Nitrate of silver. A transparent crystalline substance obtained by dis- solving silver in nitric acid: when fused it becomes lunar caustic. — Ni'tride, -trid, n. A compound of nitrogen with any other element or radical, as with phosphorus, silicon, or one of the metals. — Ni'tric, a. Compounded of nitrogen and oxygen. See Ni- trous. — Nitric acid. A powerful, corrosive acid, containing 5 equivalents of oxygen and 1 of nitro- gen. — Ni'trous, -trus, -try, -trT, a. Compounded of nitrogen with a smaller proportion of oxygen than in a nitric compound; pert, to, containing, pro- ducing, or like, niter.— Nitrous oxide gas. A gaseous oxide of nitrogen, used as an anesthetic, esp. D3 r dentists; laughing gas. — Ni'trogen, -tro-jen, n. A gaseous element, without taste, odor, or color, form- ing nearly 4-5ths of common air, and incapable of supporting life ; azote. — Ni'tro-glyCerine, -glis'Sr- in, n. A compound produced Dy the action of a mixture of strong nitric and sulphuric acids on glyc- erine at low temperatures: it detonates when struck and explodes with great violence. The mixture of nitro-glycerine with silicious earth produces dyna- mite or giant-powder ; with gunpowder, or with saw- dust and nitrate of sodium or barium, lithofracteur; - with gunpowder, Colonia powder ; with sawdust, or with sawdust and nitrate of potassium and some other substances, dual in ; with wood fiber, lignose. No, no, adv. Nay, — a word of denial or refusal; not. — n. ; pi. Noes, noz. A refusal by use of the word no; a denial: a negative vote ; one who votes in the negative.— No, a. Not any; not one; none.— None, nun, a. and pron. No one; not anything ; no ; not any. — No'body, -bod-T, n. No person ; no one ; not anybody ; a person of no importance. — Noth''- ing, nutb/ing, n. Not anything ; no thing; non-ex- istence ; nonentity ; nihility ; not anything of ac- count, value, note, etc. ; a trifle. — adv. In no de- gree; not at all.— Norway, -ways, -waz, adv. In no manner or degree ; not at all ; nowise. — No'where, adv. Not anywhere ; not in any place or state. — No'wise, adv. Not in any manner or degree. Noble, no'bl, a. [-bler, -blest.] Possessing emi- nence, elevation, dignity, etc. ; above whatever is low, mean, degrading, or dishonorable ; grand ; magnifi- cent ; splendid ; of exalted rank ; of aristocratic or patrician family; sublime; great; eminent; stately; magnanimous; liberal; free. — n. A nobleman; peer; sun, cube, full ; moon, ftSot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get. NOBODY 266 NONES formerly, a gold coin, -bil'T-ti, liu, piutuuciauvC) a BWCJU- ' StUUCU; WIIItLllll etc. (Astron.) -— ^ j — Nonen'tity, -tt 2 great celes- ( \ ! being; u thing no! other, or the \ \ I J ' a nobody. — Non- ets that of its \^_^>C^y — n. A thing w Node. a money of account, and worth about $1.61. — Nobil'ity. -bil'T-ti, n. The quality of being noble, as, dignity ; greatness ; ele- vation, superiority of mind and of quality ; or, no- ble birth ; patrician dignity ; distinction by rank, station, and title ; the aristocratic or patrician class ; the peerage. — No'bleman, n. ; pi. -men. One of the nobility ; a noble ; peer. — Nobless', -blesse', -hies', n. The nobility; persons of noble rank collectively. — Nob, n. A slang contr. of nobleman : a swell.— Nob'by, -bY, a. Stylish; modish; fashionable. Nobody. See under No. Nocturn, nok'tern, n. An act of religious service by night ; one of the portions into which the Psalter was divided, designed to be used at such a night-ser- vice. — Nocturne', -tern' - , «. {Painting.) A night- piece, night-scene. (3Ius.) A piece to be played as a serenade. — Noctur'nal, a. Pert, to, done, or oc- curring at night; seeking food at night. Nod, nod, v. i. To bend or incline the upper part, with a quick motion; to make a slight bow in assent or salutation ; to be drowsy. — v. t. To incline or bend, as the head or top ; to make a motion of as- sent, of salutation, or of drowsiness with ; to sig- nify by a nod. — n. A bending forward of the upper part or top; quick downward or forward mo- tion of the head, in assent, salutation, drowsiness, as a signal, etc. Noddle, nod'dl, n. The head, — used jocosely or con- temptuously. Node, nod, n. A knot; knob; protuberance; a swell ing, as of a bone, tendon, etc. (Astron.) One of the points where tial circles intersect each orbit of a satellite intersect; primary. (Bot.) The joint of a stem (Geom.) The oval figure, or knot, formed by the folding of a curve upon itself. — Nod'al, a. Pert, to, or like, etc.— Nodose'', no-dos', a. Having knots or swelling joints ; knotted. — Nod'ule, nod'ul, n. A rounded mass of irregular shape; a little knot or lump. Nog, nog, n. A little pot; noggin; a kind of strong ale; a wooden pin or treenail; a timber brick. — Nog'gin, n. A small mug or wooden cup ; a measure = I gill. — Nog'ging, n. A partition of scantlings filled with bricks. Noise, noiz, n. Sound of any kind; esp.,- over-loud, empty, confused, or senseless sound; loud or contin- uous talk; discussion; stir; outcry; clamor; din; up- roar. — v. i. [noised (noizd), noising.] To sound loud.— v. t. To spread by rumor or report; to disturb with noise. — Nois'y, -T, a. [-iek, -iest.] Making a noise, clamor, etc. Noisome, noi'sum, a. Injurious to health ; unwhole- some ; unsalubrious ; destructive ; offensive to the smell or other senses ; disgusting ; fetid ; noxious. Nolle prosequi, nol'le-pros'e-kwi. (Law.) A phrase denoting that a plaintiff discontinues his suit, or the attorney for the public a prosecution. Nomad, -ade. nom'ad, w. One of a tribe that has no fixed location, but wanders from place to place in search of game or pasture. — Nome, nom, n. A prov- ince or political division, esp. of modern Greece or of ancient Egypt. — Nom'archy, n5m'ar-kT, n. A nome; a province of modern Greece.— Nomad'ic, a. Pert, to, or like, etc. ; wandering. Nome. See under Nomad. Nominal, nom'Y-nal, a. Pert, to a name or term; ver- bal; existing in name only: not real or substantial. — Nominalism, -izm, n. The principles of nomi- nalists. — Nominalist, n. (Metaph.) One of a sect . of philosophers in the middle ages, who held that ! general conceptions, or universals, exist in name ( only. — Nominally, adv. By name, or in name; only. — Nominate, -nat, v. t. To mention by name; j to name; to appoint; to propose by name, or offer j the name of, as a candidate for office. — Nomina'- i tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; power of nominating. — Nom'inative, -tiv, a. Naming; des- j ignating,— said of a case of a noun.— n. (Gram.) ; The simple form (or case) of a noun which may be | the subject of a verb. — Nom'inee', -ne', n. One ! proposed for an office: one nominated for election to office. — No'mencla'tor, n. One who gives names to things. — No menclat'ure, -kla'chur, n. A sys- tem of technical mames in a particular branch of sci- ence; terminology. Nonage, Nonagenarian, Nonagon, etc. See under Nones. Nonage, non'Sj, n. The time of life before a person becomes of age; minority. — Non'-attend'ance, -ans, n. Failure to attend. — Nonchalance, nawN-sha- l&Ns', n. Indifference; carelessness; coolness.— Nonchalant, -UIn', a. Indifferent ; careless ; cool. — Non-commis'sioned, -mish'und, a. Not having a commission. — Non-commissioned officer. An of- ficer of a rank below lieutenant; a warrant officer. — Non-commit'tal, n. A state of not being com- mitted or pledged to any course. — Non- compli- ance, -ans, n. Neglect or failure of compliance. — Non corn'pos, N. c. men'tis. Lit., not of sound mind. — n. An idiot; lunatic. — Non-conduct'or, n. A substance which does not transmit or permit the passage of a substance, fluid, or force, as neat, elec- tricity, etc., or which transmits it with difficulty. — Non-conform'ist, n. One who does not conform to an established church. — Non-conformity, -T-tY, n. Neglect of conformity; esp., in Eng., refusal to unite with the established church in its worship. — Non con'stat. It is not clear, or does not ap- pear. — Non-content', n. (British House of Lords.) One who gives a negative vote. — Non'descript, -de-skript, o. Not hitherto described; novel; odd; abnormal ; irregular. — n. A thing not yet de- scribed; something abnormal, or hardly classifiable. Nonen'tity, -tT-tt, n. Non-existence; negation of not existing; a person of no account; essen'tial, -shal, a. Not essential, which, etc. — Non est inven'tuu. Lit., he is not found. (Law.) The return of a sheriff on a writ, when the defendant is not found in his county. — Non-exist'ence, n. Absence of ex- istence ; nonentity ; a thing that has no being. — Non - exist'ent, a. Not having existence. — Non- observ'ance, n. Neglect or failure to observe or iulfill. — Nonpareil', -pa-rel', n. Something of un- equaled excellence; a sort of apple; a small sugar- plum; a kind of narrow ribbon; a brilliantly col- ored singing bird, of the finch family; a printing type, in size between ruby and emerald. (jgg^ This line is printed in nonpareil type. — a. Having no equal; peerless. - Non'plus, n. In- superable difficulty : state of embarrassment ; in- ability to say, do, or decide; puzzle. — v. t. [non- plused (-plust), -pi.using.] To puzzle, confound, put to a stand.— Non pros. (Law.) A judgment entered against the plaintiff in a suit where he does not appear to prosecute. — Non'-pros, v. t. [-pkosskd (-prost), -prossing.] To fail to prosecute. — Non-res'idence, n. Failure or neglect of residing at the place where one is stationed. — Non-res 'ident, a. Not residing in a particular place, on one's own estate, or in one's proper place. — n. One who does not reside in, or is not a resident of, a particular place, — applied esp., in Eng.. to clergymen who live away from their cures; absentee. — Non-resist'ance, n. The principles or practice of a non-resistant ; passive obedience. — Non-resist'ant, a. Making no resistance to power, oppression, or violence. — n. One who maintains that no resistance should be made to constituted authority, even when unjustly or oppressively exercised; one who holds that wrong or violence should not be resisted by force. — Non'- sense, n. That which is not intelligible, is not sense, or has no meaning; trifles; things of no importance. — Nonsens'ical, a. Unmeaning; absurd; foolish.— Non seq'uitur, -sek'wt-ter. Lit., it does not fol- low. (Logic.) An inference which does not follow from the premises. — Non'suit, -sut, n. (Low.) A judgment against a plaintiff who is unable to prove or does not follow up his case. — v. t. To adjudge or record (a plaintiff) as having dropped his siiit, upon his withdrawal or failure to follow it up. Nonce, nons, n. The present occasion or purpose — in the phrase for the nonce. None. See under No. Nones, nonz, n. pi. (Roman Calendar.) The 7th day of March, May, July, and October, and the 5th of am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term; in, Ice; Qdd, tone, 6r; NON-ESSENTIAL 267 NOTHING other months, — being the 9th day before the ides. (Rom. Cath. Ch.) A season of prayer, orig. observed at the 9th hour = 3 p. m., afterwards changed tomid- day, whence noon, q. v. — Non'age, nOn'aj, n. (Eccl.) A payment formerly made to the clergy of the l-9th part of the movable goods of persons dying in their parishes. -*- Non'agena'rian, -je-na r - rT-an, n. One who is 90 years old. — Non'agon, n. (Math.) A polygon having 9 sides and 9 angles. — Nonilrion, -yun, n. By the common, or French, notation, a thousand octillions, or 1 with 30 ciphers annexed ; by Eng. notation, a million octillions, or 1 with 54 ciphers annexed. — Nov'enary, -e-na-ri, a. Pert, to the number 9. — Noven'nial, -nl-al, a. Done every 9th year. — November, n. The 11th month of the year, — the 9th of the Roman year. Non-essential, NonpareD, Nonsuit, etc. See under Nonage. Noodle, ndo'dl, n. A simpleton ; blockhead. Noodle, noo'dl, n. A thin strip of dough, made with eggs, rolled, cut in small pieces, and used in soup. Nook, n<56k or nook, n. A corner; recess; secluded re- treat. _ Noon, noon, n. The middle of the day; midday; 12 o'clock; the time of greatest brilliancy; culminating point. — a. Pert, to midday; meridional. Noose, nooz or noos, n. A running knot, which binds the closer the more it is drawn. — v. t. [noosed (noozt or noost), noosing.] To tie or catch in a noose, insnare. Nor, n6r, eonj. A negative connective or particle, in- troducing the 2d member or clause of a negative proposition, following neither, or not, in the first ; neither ; and not. Noria no'rT-a, n. A Persian wheel, — a water wheel used in Spain, etc., for irrigating land, which is turned by the ac- tion of a stream against its floats, and raises water in pendent buck- ets to a trough at top. Norm, n6rm, n. A rule or authorita- tive standard ; model ; type. — Nor'mal, a. According to an es- tablished norm, rule, or princi- ple; conformed to a type or reg- ular form; ordinary; analogical. — n. A perpendicular. (Geom.) A straight line perpendicular to the tangent of a curve at a n y point, and included between the curve and the axis of the abscis- sas. — Normal school. A school whose methods of instruction are to serve as a model for imitation; an institution for the education of teachers. Norman, Norroy, Norse. See under North. North, north, n. The direction opposite to the south. —a. Lying toward, or situated at the N. — v. i. To turn or move toward the N. — North-east', n. The point between the N. and E., at an equal dis- tance from each. — a. Pert, to, or proceeding from the N. E. — North-easferly, a. Toward, or coming from, etc. — North-east'ern, a. Pert, to, being in, or in a direction to, the N. E. — North-north-east, North-west, etc. See Compass. — North'er. north'- er, n. A wind or gale, from the N. — Nortb/erly, -er-lT, a. Being toward the N.; northern; from the N. — adv. Toward the N.; in a northern direction; proceeding from a northern point.— Nor'therliness, 71. — Nortn'ern, a. Being in, near to, or in a direc- tion toward, the N. — -Northerner, n. A native or resident in the N. — Northernmost, a. Situated at the point furthest N.— North'ing, n. (Surv. & Nav.) Distance northward from any point of departure, measured on a meridian. (Astron.) The distance of any heavenly body from the equator northward. — North'most, a. Northernmost. — North'ward, a. Being toward the N., or nearer to it than the E. and W. points. — North'ward, -wards, adv. Toward the N., or toward a point nearer to the N. than the E. and W. points. — North'wardly, a. Having a north- ern direction. — adv. In a northern direction. — North'man, n. ; pi. -men. One of the inhabitants of the N. of Europe ; the ancient Scandinavians. — Nor'man, n. A native or inhabitant of Normandy. — a. Pertaining to Normandy, or to the Normans. — Norwe'gian, -we'jan, a. Of, or pert, to, Norway. — n. A native or inhabitant of, etc.— Norse, a. Of, or pert, to, ancient Scandinavia, —n. The language of, etc. — Norseman, n. / pi. -men. An inhabitant of ancient Scandinavia ; a Northman. — Nor'roy, n. (Her.) The 3d of the 3 Eng. kings at arms, or provin- cial heralds: his jurisdiction is N. of the Trent. Nose, n5z, n. The prominent part of the face, which is the organ of smell; power of smelling; scent; a pro- jecting end or vent; a snout; nozzle, —v. t. [nosed (nozd), nosing.] To smell, scent; hence, to track; to oppose to the face, affront. — v. i. To smell; to carry the nose high, strut ; to pry officiously into what does not concern one. — Nos'tril, nSs'tril, n. One of the 2 channels through the nose which give pas- sage to the air we breathe, and to the secretions of the nose.— Noz'zle, -zl, n. The nose; snout; pro- jecting vent of any thing, — Nuz'zle, v. i. [-zled (-zld), -zling.] To work with the nose, like swine in the mud; to go with the nose thrust out and down, like swine; to hide the head, as a child in the mother's bosom ; to nestle. — v. t. To nestle; to house, as in a nest. Nostalgia, nos-taKjY-a, n. Melancholy resulting from absence from one's home ; homesickness. Nostrum, nos'trum, n. A quack or patent medicine. Not, not, adv. A word that expresses negation, denial, or refusal. Notable, Notary, etc. See under Note. Notch, noch, n. A nick ; indentation ; a hollow cut in anything ; a deep, close pass or defile. — v. t. [notched (nocht), notching.] To cut in small hollows ; to place in a notch. Note, not, n. A mark or token; visible sign; symbol; a sign to call attention, to point out something to notice, etc. ; a memorandum ; minute ; a brief re- mark; annotation; comment, esp. at the side or foot of a page; a short letter; billet; a diplomatic paper; a paper acknowh dging a debt, and promising pay- ment; observation: notice; reputation; distinction. pi. A writing to be spoken from, being a synopsis or full text of what is to be said. (Mus.) A character to indicate the length of a tone; a musical sound; a tone. — v. t. To notice with care; observe, remark, heed; to record in writing; to denote, stand for, des- ignate. — Not'able, a. Noticeable; evident; worthy of notice; remarkable; noted or distinguished, — n. A person, or thing, of note or distinction. — Not'- abiPity, n. Quality of being notable ; a remark- able person or thing.— No'tary, -ta-rT, n. A pub- lic officer who attests deeds and other writings, cer- tifies copies of documents, receives affidavits, pro- tests bills of exchange, etc., — generally called a notary public. — Nota'tion, n. Act, practice, or method, of recording anything by marks, figures, or characters; esp., in arithmetic, and algebra, the expressing of numbers and quantities by figures or signs ; the system of signs and characters so em- ployed. — No'tice, -tis, n. Act of noting, remark- ing, or observing; cognizance; intelligence; knowl- edge given or received ; intimation ; warning ; a writing containing formal, customary information; a critical review or lemarks; respectful treatment; " attention; heed: advice: news. — ?;, t. [noticed (-tist), noticing.] To take note of, pay attention to ; to take public note of, remark upon, make observations on : to treat with attention and civil- ities. — No'ticeable, a. Capable of being observed; worthy of observation ; likely to attract observa- tion. — No'tifica'tion, n. Act of notifying, giving notice, or making known; notice given in words, wiiting, or signs; the writing which communicates information: an advertisement, citation, etc. — No'- tify, v. t. [-FIEU (-ild), -eying.] To make known, declare, publish; to give notice to — No'tion, n. Mental apprehension of whatever may be known or imagined : idea ; conception ; judgment ; opinion ; belief: a small article; trifling thing, — chiefly in pi. — No'tional, a. Consisting of, or conveying, no- tions or ideas ; existing in idea only ; visionary; imaginary; given to foolish or visionary expecta- tions ; whimsical ; fanciful. — Notorious, -rT-us, a. Generally known and talked of by the public; usu- ally, known to disadvantage ; conspicuous. Nothing, etc. See under No. sun, cube, full ; moon, f<36t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, NOTWITHSTANDING 268 NUPTIAL Notwithstanding, not-with-stand'ing, prep. Without Nugget, nug'get, n. A lump; mass, esp. of a precious opposition, prevention, or obstruction from; in spite metal. of; despite. — adv. or conj. This not obstructing or Nuisance, nu'sans, n. That which annoys or gives preventing ; nevertheless ; however. trouble and vexation. (Law.) Something that pro- Nought, nawt, 7i. Same as Naught, duces inconvenience and damage. Noun, nown, n. (Gram.) A word used as the desig- Null, nul, a. Of no legal or binding force or validity: nation of a creature or thing, etc.; a name; a sub- stantive. ' Nourish, ner'ish, v. t. [-ished (-isht), -ishing.] To feed and cause to grow; to furnish with nutriment; to supply the means of support and increase to; to encourage; to comfort; to educate, instruct; to nur- ture, cherish, feed, provide, supply.— v. i. To pro- mote growth. — Nourishment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; nutrition; that which nourishes, re- pairs waste, or promotes growth; food; sustenance. — Nurse, ners, n. One who takes care of a child or the sick; esp., one who suckles an infant not her own; one who, or that which, brings up. rears, causes to grow, trains, etc.— v. t. [nursed (nerst), nursing.] To nourish, cherish, foster; to nourish at the breast, suckle ; to tend (a sick person) ; to bring up, raise, by care, from a weak or invalid condition. — Nurs^ery, -Sr-T, n. Act of nursing; the apartment, in a house, appropriated to the care of children ; a plantation of young trees ; place J where anything is fostered and growth promoted; that which forms and educates. — Nurs'eryman', n.; pi. -men. One who has charge of a nursery, j — Nurseling, n. One who, or that which, is nursed; j an infant.— Nurt'ure, ner'.chur, re. Act of nour- ishing or nursing; education; training; discipline; instruction; that which nourishes; food; diet. — v. t. [nurtured (-churd), -Turing.] To feed ; to bring ortra'nup; to 'nourish, cherish, tend. — Nu'- triment, -trt ment, re. That which nourishes; food; aliment; that which promotes enlargement or iin- i provement. — Nu'trient, -tri-ent, n. A substance which, etc.— Nutrition, -trish'un, re. Act or pro- cess of promoting the growth or repairing the waste of animal or vegetable life; nutriment. — Nutri- tious, -trish'us, a. Nourishing. — Nu'tritive, -trl- ' tiv, a. Nutrimental. Novel, nov'el, a. Of recent origin or introduction; of a j kind not before known; unusual: strange; new.— n. A fictitious narrative, intended to exhibit the opera- tion of the passions, esp. of love. (Law.) A new or supplemental constitution. — Nov'elette , -ef, n. A small novel. — Nov'elist, n. A writer of novels. — Nov'elty, -el-tT, n. Quality of being novel ; new- ness; a new or strange thing. — Nov'ice, -is, re. One new in any business ; a beginner ; one newly re- ceived into the church. (Eccl.) One who has en- tered a convent, nunnery, etc^, but has not taken the vow.— Novi'tiate, -visli'I-at, re. State or condi- Hon of being, etc.; time of probation in a religious j house before taking the vows; a probationer, nov- ice; place where novices live or are trained. November, Novenary, Novennial, etc. See under | Nones. Novice, Novitiate. See under Novel. Now, now, adv. At the present time; at this moment; in present circumstances ; things being as they are. Noway, Nowhere, Nowise. See under No. Noxious, nok'shus, a. Productive of injury or evil consequences; corrupting to morals; noisome; per- nicious; baneful; unwholesome; hurtful. Nozzle. See under Nose. Nubia, nu'bT-a, re. A network of wool worn as a head- ' dress by ladies; a cloud. Nucleus, nu'kle-us, n. ; E. pi. -cletjses, L. pi. -clei. I A kernel ; a central mass or point about which matter is gathered, — both literally and figuratively. (Astron.) The body or head of a comet.— Nu'cleate, -kle-at_, v. t. To gather, as about a nucleus. Nude, nud, a. Bare; naked; uncovered. (Law.) With- out consideration. — Nu'dity, -dT-tT, re. Quality oi condition of being nude; nakedness; that which is naked; undraped or unclothed portion. Nudge, nuj, v. t. [nudged (nujd), nudging.] To touch gently, as with the elbow, in order to call at- tention or convey intimation. — n. A significant push. Nugatory, nu'ga-to-ri, a. Trifling; vain; futile; in- significant ; inoperative ; ineffectual. invalid; void; nugatory; of no significance. — Nul- lifica'tion, n. Act of nullifying; a rendering void and of no effect, or of no legal effect; esp. a refusal, bv a State, to permit the enforcement within its bor- ders of a (J. S. law. — Nul'lify, -H-fi, v.'t. [-fied (-lid), -fyixg.] To make void, render invalid, de- prive of legal force or efficacy, abolish, abrogate, re- voke, annul, repeal. — Nul'lity, -li-tT, re. Condition or quality of being null or void; nothingness; any- thing void or of no efficacy. Numb, num, a. Enfeebled in, or destitute of, the power of sensation and motion; torpid; paralyzed; chill; motionless. — v. t. [numbed (numd), numb- ing.] To make torpid, deprive of the power of sen- sation or motion, benumb. Number, num'ber, re. A single unit, considered as part of a series, or 2 or more of such units; a collec- tion of many individuals; a multitude; numerous- ness; quantity regarded as made up by an aggregate of separate thiAgs; that which is regulated by count, as divisions of time or number of syllables ; poetry, verse. (Gram.) The distinction of objects, as one, or more than one, expressed by a difference of the form of a word, — singular or plural. (Math.) Nu- merical value. See Phrenology.— v. t. [numbered (-berd), -Bering.] To reckon, ascertain the units of; to give or assign the number of; to reckon as one of a collection or multitude, enumerate, calculate, tell; to amount to, consist of. — Num'bers, re. The 4th book of the Pentateuch — containing the enumera- tion of the Hebrews. — Numberless, a. Not admit- ting of being counted; innumerable. — Nu'merable, -mer-a-bl, a. — Nu'meral, a. Pert, to, or consisting of, number; expressing or representing number.— n. A figure or character used to express a number. ( Gram.) A word expressing number.— Nu'merate, v. t. (Arith.) To divide off and read according to the rules of numeration. — Numeration, n. Act or art of numbering. (Arith.) Act or art of reading or writing numbers, esp. as expressed by the Arabic method. [Two systems of numeration arenow in use, the English and the French: in the Eng. the billion is a million of millions, a trillion a million of billions, and each denomination is a million times the one preceding; in the F. (which is used in the U. S.), the billion is a thousand millions, and each denomination is a thousand times the preceding.] — Nu'mera'tor, re. One who numbers. (Arith.) The term in a fraction which indicates the number of fractional units that are taken; in a vulgar fraction the number above the line: in decimal fractions, the number next following the decimal point, the de- nominator not being written: see Fraction. — Nu- meric, -ical, -m?r / ik-al, a. Belonging to, or de- noting, number; expressed by numbers; the same in number; hence, identical. — Numerous, -mer-us, a. Being many; consisting of a great number of indi- viduals; consisting of poetic numbers; rhythmical; musical. Numismatic, nu-miz-mafik, -ical, a. Pert, to coins or medals. — Numismatics, re. Science of coins and medals. — Numis matol'ogy, -toKo-ji, n. Science of coins and medals, in their relation to history ; nu- mismatics. — Nurn'mary, -ma-ri, -mular, -mulary, -mu-la-ri, a. Pert, to coin or money; pecuniary. Nun, nun, re. A woman devoted to a religious life, who lives in a cloister or nunnery under a vow of perpetual chastity and seclusion from the world; a kind of small pigeon. —Nun' nery, -ner-i, re. A clois- ter or house in which nuns reside. Quality or Nuncio, nun'shT-o, re. A messenger; an embassador from the pope to an_emperor or king. Nuncupate, nun'ku-pat, v. t. To dedicate by declara- tion; to inscribe; to declare orally (a will, etc.) — • Nuncupative, nun-ku'- or nun'ku-pa'tiv, -tory, -to- rY, a. Publicly or solemnly declaratory; nominal; existing only in name; oral; not written. Nunnery. See under Nun. Nuptial, nup'shal, a. Pert, to marriage ; done at a am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, ice ; 5dd, tone, or j NURSE 269 OBLIGATE 1CU ""-' Uiuu b . wedding ; constituting marriage. — w. Marring wedding, — now always in pi. Nurse, Nursery, Nurture, etc. See under Nourish. Nut, nut, n. Fruit consisting of a hard shell inclosing a kernel; a small block containing a fe- male screw, used for retaining or tight ening a bolt, etc.: see Bolt.— v. t. To gather nuts. — Nuf meg, n. The kernel of the fruit of a tree, a native of the N t Molucca islands, but cultivated in the E. Indies: it is aromatic, and is used in cookery. Nutria, nu'trt-a, n. (Com.) The fur of the coypu, a rodent quadruped resembling the beaver, found in Brazil, etc. Nutrient, Nutriment. Nutrition, etc. See under Nour- ish. Nux vomica, nuks-vom'T-ka, n. A deadly poison, used in medicine, from which strichnine is made ; the seed of a tree of the E. Indies, yielding strychnine and mix vomica. Nuzzle. See under Nose. Nylghau, niKgaw, n. A large, short- horned antelope, found in N. India: the males are of a slaty blue. Nymph, nimf, n. (Myth.) A goddess of the mountains, for- ests, meadows, or wa- ters. A lovely young girl ; a maiden. — Nymph, Nymph'a, -a, n. An insect in the pupa state; 'a chrys- alis.— Nymph'al, Nymphe'an, a. Pert, to, app r o p r i a t e to, or inhabited by, nymphs.— Nymph'- oma'nia, -ma'nT-a, n, Morbid and uncon- trollable sexual desire in women Nylghau. O. 0, o, the 15th letter in the Eng. alphabet, has several different sounds, as heard in odd, tone, or, other, do, wolf, actor; when doubled, it has the 2 sounds heard in moon and. foot; see key -line at foot of pages. 0, interj. An exclamation used in calling or directly addressing a person or personified object, also as ex- pressive of pain, grief, surprise, desire, etc. Oaf, of, n. A changeling; a foolish child left by fair- ies in the place of another; a dolt; blockhead. Oak, ok, n. A valuable tree of many species; its wood. Oakum, ok'um, n. Old ropes untwisted and pulled into loose hemp, used for calking seams of ships, stopping leaks, etc. Oar, or, n. An instrument for rowing boats. — 1>. i. & /. [oared (ord), oaring.] To row. Oasis, o'a- or o-a'sis, n. ; pi. -ses, -sez. A fertile place in a sandy or barren desert. Oat, ot, n. ; chiefly in pi. A grassy plant, and its seed. — Oaf en, -n, a. Consisting of oat straw; made of oat-meal.— Oaf-cake, n. A cake made of the meal of oats. meal, n. Meal made of oats. Oath, oth, n. A solemn affirma- tion, with an appeal to God for its truth; a blasphemous use of the name of the divine Being, or anything divine or sacred. Obdurate, olrdu-rat, a. Ren- dered hard ; harsh ; rugged ; rough; hardened in feelings, esp. against moral influences; stubbornly and unfeelingly wicked; firm; unbending; unyielding; impenitent; callous.— Ob'durateness, -racy, -ra-sT, n. Inflexible persistence in sin; stubbornness. Obedience, Obeisance, etc. See under Obey. Obelisk, ob'e-lisk, n. A 4-sided pillar, tapering as it rises, and cut off at the top in the form of a flat pvramid. (Print.) A mark [thus, t], called also a dagger, used as a reference to notes at the bottom of a page, as a note of censure, or to indicate that an expression is obsolete. Obese, o-bes', a. Excessively corpulent; fat; fleshy. Obey, o-ba', v. t. [obeyed (-bad), -keying.] To yield submission to, comply with the orders of, submit to- the government of ; to yield to the impulse, power, or opera- tion of. — Obe'dient, -be'dY- Obelisk Oats. ent, a. Subject in will or act to authority; willing to obey; dutiful ; respectful; subservient; submis- sive; obsequious.— Obe'dience, -ens, n. State of be- ing, etc. — Obei'sance, -ba'sans, n. A token of obe- dience or respect; a bow; courtesy. — Obei'sant, a. Showing willingness to obey; reverent; submissive. Obfuscate, ob-fus'kat, v. t. To darken; obscure, be- wilder, confuse. Obit, o'bit or ob r it, n. Death ; decease ; funeral so- lemnities; anniversary of a person's death; an anni- versary service for the soul of the deceased on the day of his death.— Obif uary, -u-a-ri, a. Relating to the decease of a person, —n. A biographical no-, tice of one lately deceased. Object, ob'jekt, n. That with which the mind is oc- cupied in the act of knowing; any visible or tangible thing; that which is sought or labored for or aimed at; end; aim; motive; final cause. (Gram.) That toward which an activity is considered to be directed. — Objecf , v. t. To set before, bring into opposition; to present or offer in opposition, as a criminal charge, or as a reason adverse to something supposed to be wrong. — v. i. To make opposition in words or argument. — Objec'tion, n. x\ct of objecting; that presented in opposition ; adverse reason or argu- ment; exception; doubt; scruple. — Objec'tionable, a. Justly liable to objections. —Objecf ive, -iv, a. Pert, to an object. (Metaph.) Pert, to, contained in, or being in the nature or position of, the object ; outward; external; extrinsic, — opp. to subjective. (Oram.) Pert, to, or designating, the case which follows a transitive verb or a preposition. — w. (Gram.) The objective case. The object-glass of a microscope. (Mil.) The objective point. — Objective point. (Mil.) A point to which the operations of an army are directed. Objuration, ob-ju-ra'shun, ??. A binding by oath. Objurgate, ob'j'er-gat, v. t. To chide ; reprove; repre- hend. — Objur'gatory, -ga-to-ri, a. Designed to chide; culpatory. Oblate, ob-laf, a. (Geom.) Flattened or depressed at the poles. — Obla'tion, n. Anything offered in worship or sacred service; an offering; sacrifice. Obligate, oblT-gat, v. t. To bring under obligation ; to bind (one's self) to any act of duty, etc., by a pledge. — Obligation, n. Act of obligating or bind- ing; "that which obligates; the binding power of a promise, oath, or contract, or of law, civil, political, or moral, independent of a promise ; any act by which a person becomes bound to do something to or for another, or to forbear something; state of be- ing indebted for an act of favor or kindness. (Law.) A bond with a condition annexed. — Ob'ligatory, -li-ga-to-rf, o. Binding in law or conscience; impos- ing duty.— Oblige'', o-blij', v. t. [obliged (-blijd /r ), sun, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or irjk, then. boNboN, chair, get. OBLIQUE 270 OCCUPY obliging.] To constrain by physical, moral, or le- gal force; to bind by some favor rendered; to do a favor to, gratify, accommodate. — Obli'ging. a. Having the disposition to oblige or do favors; com- plaisant; courteous; kind. Oblique, ob-lek' or ob-lIk', a. Not erect or perpendicu- lar; slanting; inclined : not straight forward ; indi- feet ; underhand ; not direct in descent ; collateral. — v. i. [obliqued (ob-lekf or ob-likt') ; obliqu- ing.] To deviate from a perpendicular line. {Mil.) To move forward, either to the right or left, by stepping sidewise. — Oblique case, (dram.) Any case except the nominative.— Obliq'uity, -lik'wi-tl, ji. Condition of being oblique: deviation from a right line, or from moral rectitude: irregularity. Obliterate, ob-lit'er-at, ». t. To erase or blot out ; ef- \ face; to destroy by time or other means. Oblivion, ob-liv'I-un. n. Act of forgetting, or state of being forgotten ; forgetfulness ; an amnesty, or general pardon of crimes and offenses. — Oblivious, -T-us, a. Causing for