F 144 
 .P9 C72 
 
Class 
 
 Book l^tOrr^ 
 
 Copyright N!'. 
 
 CQEHUGHT DEMsm 
 
Guide to Princeton 
 
Guide to Princeton 
 
 The Town 
 The University 
 
 By 
 Varnum Lansing Collins 
 
 Princeton University Press 
 Princeton, N.J. 
 
 London: Humphrey Milford 
 
 Oxford University Press 
 
 1919 
 

 Copyright, 1919, by 
 
 The Princeton University Press, 
 
 Princeton, N. J. 
 
 Published 1919 
 
 JUL -3 ISIB 
 
 ©GU520061 
 
Foreword 
 
 This Guide attempts to be nothing more 
 than an aid to the transient visitor who de- 
 sires not only to see the University intelli- 
 gently but also to have pointed out to him 
 some of the historic or otherwise interesting 
 spots in or near the village of Princeton. 
 
 For fuller details than could properly be 
 included in the purpose of this little book, 
 the reader is referred to: J. F. Hageman, 
 Princeton and Its Institutions; J. R. Wil- 
 liams, Handbook of Princeton; John Mac- 
 lean, History of the College of New Jersey; 
 E. M. Norris, Story of Princeton; and V. L. 
 Collins, Princeton. The last three volumes 
 relate only to the University. 
 
''There they are! above the green trees shining- 
 Old towers that top the castles of our dreams — "" 
 — Robert Bridges, "The Tourers of Princeton.' 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Foreword 5 
 
 The Town 1 1 
 
 Walks 56 
 
 The University 57 
 
The Town 
 
The Town 
 
 Against the northwest sky-line as the train 
 reaches Princeton Junction, half way be- 
 tween New York and Philadelphia, across 
 three miles of green fields and woodland 
 the gray roofs and towers of Princeton may 
 be seen lifting above the trees. 
 
 The hamlet which in 1724 was thus named 
 was settled before the end of the 17th cen- 
 tury; but as late as 1675 the region was 
 still a wilderness, with but a single Indian 
 trail through it, "a. small path" so a Quaker 
 pioneer called it, along which one travelled 
 all day "and saw no tame creature." Like 
 most Indian trails, this one followed high 
 ground, and eventually became the main 
 post road between New York and Philadel- 
 phia, the King's Highway on which was 
 played the varying pageant of colonial days*. 
 
12 Guide to Princeton 
 
 Along this route Washington with his army 
 retreated across New Jersey in 1776, and 
 after the Battle of Princeton followed 
 it back through the village as far as 
 Kingston where he turned off to Morris- 
 town and safety. It is now a portion of 
 the Lincoln Highway. So much as lies 
 within the borough of Princeton is today 
 known as Nassau Street and its extension 
 Stockton Street. 
 
 As the halfway halting-place for the stage 
 coaches to and from Philadelphia and New 
 York, the village acquired importance even 
 before the natural advantages of its physical 
 situation brought to it the final location of 
 the College of New Jersey. The taverns 
 at Princeton were reputed to be better than 
 average, and one or two remained famous 
 long after coaching days were over. 
 Among those which have vanished, tilie 
 "Hudibras," situated at the corner of Nas- 
 sau Street and College Place, (formerly 
 College Lane), the driveway on the Uni- 
 versity campus leading between Dickinson 
 Hall and the Library, was one of the best 
 
The Town 13 
 
 known. By 1765 it was already "noted 
 and well accustomed." At the "Hudibras" 
 John Adams, future president of the United 
 States, put up when he spent a Sunday in 
 Princeton in 1774 with other New England 
 delegates to the First Continental Cogress 
 at Philadelphia. The Inn was kept at that 
 time by Colonel Jacob Hyer, a Revolu- 
 tionary character and local quartermaster. 
 Probably the oldest buildings still ex- 
 tant on Nassau Street were former inns, 
 as for example, the modest two-story build- 
 ing at 68 and 70 Nassau Street. This 
 former tavern is mentioned, it is believed, 
 as early as 1750. During the Revolution it 
 was known as the "Washington Arms 
 House." It then had a green in front of 
 it and a flag staff around which the Fourth 
 of July was celebrated. Rochambeau spent 
 a night here in August 1781 when his army 
 encamped at Princeton on the way to York- 
 town. It figured in October 1781 in the 
 local celebration of Cornwallis' surrender, 
 and in 1783 in the celebration of the cessa- 
 tion of hostilities. 
 
14 Guide to Princeton 
 
 Just as old, although it has not preserved 
 its ancient appearance, is the Nassau Inn, 
 the oldest hotel in Princeton. The original 
 portion of the building was erected in 1757 
 as the private residence of Judge Thomas 
 Leonard, being then the finest house in the 
 village, the brick having been imported from 
 Holland. It has been a hotel continuously 
 since 1769. In the i8th century it was best 
 known as the "Sign of the College," or as 
 the "College Inn." During the opening 
 years of the 19th century John Gifford won 
 high reputation as its proprietor. In his 
 advertisement in the newspapers of 1800 he 
 suggests the reason : 
 
 "The traveller who shapes his way 
 Thro' heat and cold, thro' thick and thin, 
 Secure shall meet, all times of day, 
 Kind treatment at the College Inn" 
 
 Most popular of all the proprietors of 
 this famous hostelry however was Gififord's 
 successor, John Joline, who managed the 
 establishment from about 1812 to 1836. 
 During his proprietorship coaching travel 
 through Princeton reached its height ; newer 
 and handsomer vehicles took the place of 
 
The Town 15 
 
 old; there were several competing lines; 
 as many as fifteen coaches would often start 
 off each way together, and a hundred horses 
 would be waiting to take the place of jaded 
 steeds arriving. Obviously Joline's was an 
 exciting and popular resort, and the students 
 of the college were forbidden not only to 
 enter the tavern but even to loiter around 
 arriving or departing coaches. The col- 
 lege Commencement ball was usually held 
 at Joline's, and is often referred to by con- 
 temporary travelers. It was here that James 
 K. Paulding and Washington Irving, im- 
 mortalizing a visit to Princeton in 181 3, 
 set the scene of the "Lay of the Scottish 
 Fiddler," — an itinerant minstrel who accord- 
 ing to the last lines of the poem long re- 
 mained a ghostly visitant of the old tavern : 
 
 "Once a year he deigns to play 
 First fiddle on Commencement Day, 
 When in Joline's high stately hall 
 Is held the students' annual ball." 
 
 The ball now takes place in the gymna- 
 sium, and the only formal — or informal — 
 college function connected with "The Nass" 
 is the speech delivered from the balcony as a 
 
i6 Guide to Princeton 
 
 feature of the undergraduate St. Patrick's 
 Day Parade. 
 
 Across the street is the First Presbyter- 
 ian Church of which the organization 
 dates from 1755, aUhough no step was taken 
 toward erecting a church before 1762. 
 Prior to this date the people of Princeton 
 rented pews in the college chapel in Nassau 
 Hall, and heard Presidents Aaron Burr, 
 Jonathan Edwards, Samuel Davies and 
 Samuel Finley, who, besides being presi- 
 dents of the college, were also pastors of the 
 local congregation. In 1762 the college 
 loaned both money and land to the churcli 
 for the purpose of erecting a building but 
 the edifice was not completed until 1766. 
 It stood on the present site but was placed 
 parallel to the street. On the occupation 
 of Princeton by the British ten years later, 
 troops were quartered in the church, a 
 fireplace was built in it, a chimney was 
 carried through the roof, and the pews and 
 gallery were used for fuel. On the evacua- 
 tion of Princeton by the enemy, the church 
 was used by the American troops and it 
 was not fully restored until after the close 
 
The Town 17 
 
 of the war. By arrangement with the 
 church, the college Commencements until 
 1896 were held here, one or two of them 
 being famous. The most interesting was 
 that of 1783 attended by General Washing- 
 ton, the Continental Congress, the French 
 Minister, La Luzerne, and important offi- 
 ,cials of the national government. In 1814, 
 General Winfield Scott, commanding a body 
 of troops on their way to the front, was a 
 distinguished guest at the Commencement 
 exercises and the recipient of marked honors. 
 The church had been destroyed by fire the 
 year before and had been rebuilt in haste, 
 but in the present situation at right angles 
 to the street. It was burned down a second 
 time in 1835. The present edifice dates 
 from that restoration with certain modern 
 alterations and improvements. The present 
 parsonage is on Library Place, but a for- 
 mer parsonage was the Wiggins House on 
 Witherspoon Street. 
 
 On the corner of Chambers Street is the 
 Second Presbyterian Church, organized in 
 1847. The present building dates from 
 1868, but still lacks its steeple. 
 
l8 Guide to Princeton 
 
 At the west end of Nassau Street, beyond 
 University Place and Mercer Street, past 
 the small park where Bayard Lane turns 
 sharply to the right, Nassau Street contin- 
 ues as Stockton Street, 
 
 A few yards along Stockton Street on the 
 left is Trinity Church, organized in 1833. 
 The present building dates from 1868 and 
 has recently been enlarged and beautified 
 by a stone choir and apse designed by Ralph 
 Adams Cram. The tower contains a chime 
 of ten bells by Meneely, all of which are 
 memorials. In the church are numerous 
 memorials to early parishioners. A stone 
 set over the chancel door is from the 13th 
 century church of St. Oswald's at Malpas, 
 the Stockton home in England. The church 
 property extends through to Mercer Street. 
 Opposite Trinity Church is the former 
 Princeton Inn, now a girls' school, on 
 land which formed part of the estate of 
 "Morven." The Princeton Battle Monu- 
 ment is between the Inn and *'Morven." 
 The group, which is 26 feet high placed in 
 relief against a 50-foot column, represents 
 Washington on horseback sternly refusing 
 
The Town 19 
 
 defeat at the Battle of Princeton, and in- 
 spiring his tired troops to final victory. The 
 female figure is young Liberty with a banner 
 urging the soldiers forward. The group is 
 by Macmonnies, and the architectural de- 
 sign by Thomas Hastings. 
 
 Morven has been the home of the Prince- 
 ton Stocktons since Richard Stockton, 
 grandfather of the Signer of the Declara- 
 tion of Independence, purchased the land 
 from William Penn in 1701. The Signer's 
 father built the main portion of the house 
 probably between 1701 and 1709. The 
 name dates from the time of Richard Stock- 
 ton, the Signer. He improved the planta- 
 tion extensively, the row of catalpas on the 
 street front and most if not all of the older 
 trees on the property, which in his day was 
 very extensive, being set out by him. He 
 and his wife made "Morven" one of the 
 most charming residences in the State, no 
 less famous for the beauty of its garden and 
 grounds than for the hospitality of its own- 
 ers. Enlarged by later generations, the 
 home has, however, maintained its colonial 
 atmosphere. The old brick slave quarters 
 
20 Guide to Princeton 
 
 are still to be seen in the rear. When the 
 British occupied Princeton in 1776 "Mor- 
 ven" was for a time the headquarters of 
 Lord CornwalHs. The house and property 
 suffered in the general plundering of the 
 neighborhood. The history of the house is 
 brilliant, but possibly it never had a more 
 interesting period than when the Continen- 
 tal Congress was in Princeton in the sum- 
 mer and autumn of 1783 and "iVIr. Elias 
 Boudinot, president of Congress and brother 
 of Mrs. Stockton, made **Morven" his offi- 
 cial residence, with the result that it en- 
 tertained a succession of distinguished 
 guests. A particularly memorable state din- 
 ner was served on the Fourth of July in 
 1783 when the entire Congress was present. 
 General Washington was a warm friend of 
 Mrs. Stockton and among his papers are 
 several autograph specimens of her skill 
 at verse writing, addressed to him, with cop- 
 ies of his acknowledgments. 
 
 Opposite ''Morven" is Thomson Hall, 
 formerly "Belgarde," the residence of the 
 late Mrs. Josephine Thomson Swann of 
 Princeton, who bequeathed the property 
 
The Town 21 
 
 to the borough of Princeton as a town hall 
 and park. The house contains an auditor- 
 ium and public library, while the executive 
 offilces of the borough are in a separate 
 building on the Mercer Street side of the 
 grounds. 
 
 , In Thomson Hall may be seen the ship's 
 bell of the U. S. S. Princeton, the first screw 
 propelled steam war vessel ever built. De- 
 signed by the famous engineer Ericsson, 
 under the patronage of Commodore (then 
 Captain) R. F. Stockton, it was named in 
 the latter's honor after his home town. In 
 February 1844 on the Potomac River, one of 
 her guns, the "Peacemaker," then the largest 
 piece of ordnance afloat, burst, killing sev- 
 eral distinguished guests, among them the 
 Secretary of State and the Secretary of the 
 Navy. 
 
 Just within the entrance to the grounds 
 of Thomson Hall is Rose Cottage — so 
 known at least as early as 1803, when it 
 was the residence of Mrs. Robert Field, 
 daughter of Richard Stockton, the Signer. 
 The rose gardens from which it derived it 
 name have long since disappeared, and the 
 
22 Guide to Princeton 
 
 cottage during the recent European war was 
 a tea-house conducted by a group of ladies 
 of Princeton in the interest of the Red 
 Cross and of French reconstruction work, 
 having under its particular care the village 
 of Saint Paul aux Bois. 
 
 Returning now to Bayard Lane, on the 
 right hand corner is the Garrett House, 
 owned by Mr. Robert Garrett of Baltimore, 
 and built by Mr. John Potter in 1825, being 
 the residence of Commodore R. F. Stock- 
 ton, U. S. N., during his father's lifetime. 
 The second house on the left hand side of 
 this street is The Peacock Inn, an old resi- 
 dence moved from Nassau Street (approxi- 
 mately where Madison Hall begins) to make 
 room for University Hotel (afterwards 
 known as University Hall), which was itself 
 removed to make room for Madison Hall. 
 The house was the i8th century home of 
 Jonathan Deare, a prominent Princeton pa- 
 triot, member of the New Jersey Provincial 
 Congress in 1775 and later of the State Leg- 
 islature. After removal to Bayard Lane, it 
 was occupied by Colonel William Libbey of 
 Princeton until the erection of Thanet 
 
The Town 2^ 
 
 Lodge, his large stone residence diagonally 
 across the street in the residence park 
 *'Greenholm." This park was formerly a 
 playing field used by the undergraduates of 
 the college. 
 
 North of Thanet Lodge is Avalon, the 
 home of Dr. Henry van Dyke. Part of the 
 house dates from the i8th century so it is 
 believed, at that time being owned by Dr. 
 Edmund Bainbridge, uncle of the Commo- 
 dore (see later, Bainbridge House), and 
 subsequently by the Hon. Samuel Bayard. 
 Across the street from Avalon is West- 
 land, residence of the late Ex-President 
 Grover Cleveland, who died here in 1908 
 (buried in Princeton Cemetery). The house 
 was built in 1854 by the celebrated Commo- 
 dore Robert F. Stockton, for his daughter. 
 Next to Avalon is Merwick, the present 
 residence of the Right Rev. Paul Matthews, 
 Bishop of New Jersey, but formerly the 
 residence of Professor George L, Raymond, 
 and later used by the Graduate School of the 
 University as a residential building, being 
 Princeton's original Graduate College. 
 Further down the hill on the same side is 
 
24 Guide to Princeton 
 
 Stanworth, the home of Professor Wil- 
 Hani M. Sloane of Columbia University and 
 formerly of Princeton University. Inside 
 the gate of "Stanworth" is the common 
 grave of Hessian soldiers killed in the Bat- 
 tle of Princeton in 1777. 
 
 The street turning to: the left behind 
 "Westland" is Cleveland Lane, No. 25 of 
 which was the residence of President Wood- 
 row Wilson while Governor of New Jersey 
 and when elected President of the United 
 States. His residence while a professor in 
 the University was No. 82 Library Place 
 which he built. His residence as President 
 of the University was at 'Trospect." His 
 present (1919) legal voting residence is an 
 apartment over the store at No. 10 Nassau 
 Street, which, however, he has never occu- 
 pied. 
 
 The second turning to the left on Cleve- 
 land Lane is Library Place by following 
 which Stockton Street at right angles to it 
 is once more reached. The Lenox Library 
 of the Princeton Theological Seminary is 
 opposite (see later). Proceeding west along 
 Stockton Street we now follow what is 
 
The Tozvn 25 
 
 known as the ''Big Triangle" (Stockton 
 Street, the Quaker Road at Stony Brook, 
 and the Trenton turnpike back to Mercer 
 Street) as distinguished from the *' Lit- 
 tle Triangle" (Stockton, Lovers' Lane and 
 Mercer) referred to in the campus "Triangle 
 Song" by Henry van Dyke and reminiscent 
 of bygone, riotous, undergraduate days: 
 
 "V/ell the old Triangle knew the music of our 
 
 tread, 
 How the peaceful Seminole would tremble in his 
 
 bed, 
 How the gates were left unhinged, the lamps 
 
 without a head 
 While we were marching through Princeton." 
 
 The first turn to the left on Stockton Street 
 is Edgehill Street, on the right hand of 
 which is an old stone house known as The 
 Barracks. The street wall is modern, but 
 the house itself is one of the oldest in 
 Princeton, if not the oldest, having been a 
 portion of the Stockton homestead before 
 the erection of "Morven." The house has 
 been carefully enlarged by the present own- 
 er, Professor J. Duncan Spaeth, of the Uni- 
 
26 Guide to Princeton 
 
 versity. It derives its name, if a well found- 
 ed tradition be accepted, from the fact that 
 it was used as a barracks during the Revo- 
 lution. It is possible, however, that the 
 name antedates that period, as there are nu- 
 merous indications that the convenient loca- 
 tion of Princeton frequently made it a mili- 
 tary post, and it is well known that the vil- 
 lagers petitioned for the erection of a bar- 
 racks during the French and Indian War, 
 when this house may have been so used and 
 have acquired its name. According to a 
 map of 1776 it was then known as the 
 "Old Stockton House." 
 
 Returning to Stockton Street, directly op- 
 posite the end of Edgehill Street is Allison 
 House, the residence of Mr. George A. Ar- 
 mour, but originally built by Commodore 
 Stockton for his son, John P. Stockton, At- 
 torney General of New Jersey, U. S. Sena- 
 tor, and American Minister to Rome in 1858, 
 and after him occupied by Mr. Paul Tu- 
 lane, a Huguenot resident of Princeton and 
 founder and benefactor of Tulane Univer- 
 sity, New Orleans. 
 
 A few steps past the corner of Edgehill 
 
The Town 2^ 
 
 Street is the property from which it gets its 
 name — Edgehill, built in 1829 as a board- 
 ing school for boys and for forty years one 
 of the best known schools in this part of the 
 country. It then became and has since re- 
 mained a private residence. 
 
 The estate beyond "Edgehill" is Guern- 
 sey Hall, formerly 'Woodlawn," the home 
 of the late Judge Richard S. Field of Prince- 
 ton, but now the residence of Professor Al- 
 lan Marquand of the University. 
 
 The lane dividing "Guernsey Hall" from 
 the next estate is Lover's Lane, a probable 
 corruption of Loverly (or Lubberly) the 
 name of a former owner of property at 
 this point. The lane forms part of the bor- 
 ough western line. 
 
 The large house and property beyond "Al- 
 lison House" and opposite "Guernsey Hall" 
 is Constitution Hill, the residence of Mr. 
 Junius S. Morgan. The house is built on the 
 site of the residence of Quartermaster Rob- 
 ert Stockton of the Revolutionary Army, 
 an actively patriotic citizen of Princeton. 
 According to persistent tradition the house 
 took its name from the fact that the Con- 
 
28 Guide to Princeton 
 
 stitution of New Jersey was drafted here 
 in the summer of 1776. Here Washington 
 estabHshed headquarters for the few hours 
 he spent in Princeton when retreating 
 across New Jersey in December of that year. 
 On the opposite side of the street, next 
 to Lovers Lane is Drumthwacket, the 
 estate of Mr. M. Taylor Pyne. Visitors may 
 walk through the grounds but are desired 
 not to approach the house. The grounds are 
 best entered by the rustic gate on Lover's 
 Lane, from which a path may be followed 
 past the deer park and through the woods 
 to the walks leading to the lakes and lower 
 grounds. The house was built in 1832 and 
 was the home of Charles S. Olden, Governor 
 of New Jersey during the Civil War, and 
 treasurer of the College. The property has 
 been enlarged and improved by its present 
 owner until it. is now one of the most beau- 
 tiful estates in New Jersey. The little 
 white cottage on the roadside, known as 
 Drumthwacket Lodge and now used as an 
 aviary, was built in 1696. From its front 
 porch in December 1776 Washington re- 
 viewed his troops on their march to Trenton. 
 
The Town 29 
 
 On January 3, after the Battle of Princeton, 
 he came again to the door asking that British 
 officers wounded in the fight be taken in and 
 cared for, which was done. A few yards 
 below this at the turn of the hill is the 
 Washington Spring, where Washington 
 is said to have refreshed himself after the 
 Battle of Princeton. The American and 
 British soldiers killed in the Battle were 
 buried where they fell on a part of **Drum- 
 thwacket." A monument was erected in 
 1917 on a nearby wooded knoll to mark the 
 spot, and bears the inscription : 
 
 Near Here Lie Buried 
 
 The American and British Officers 
 
 and Soldiers 
 
 Who Fell at the Battle of Princeton 
 
 January 3d, 1777 
 
 with these lines by Alfred Noyes, Visiting 
 Professor in the University, written for the 
 monument : 
 
 "Here Freedom stood, by slaughtered friend and 
 
 foe, 
 And, ere the wrath paled or that sunset died, 
 Looked through the ages ; then, with eyes aglow 
 Laid them to wait that future side by side," 
 
30 Guide to Princeton 
 
 On the opposite side of the road is the 
 entrance to Edgerstoune, part of the large 
 tract bought by Richard Stockton of WilHam 
 Penn in 1701, now the estate of Mr. A. D. 
 Russell, overlooking the wooded upper 
 reaches of Stony Brook and beyond to the 
 distant hills. The wide grass allee, 1800 feet 
 long, with Mt. Rose in the background, is 
 very unusual. 
 
 At the foot of the hill the road crosses 
 Stony Brook (the Indian name was Wopo- 
 woc), climbs Bruere's Hill and goes on to 
 Lawrenceville and Trenton. At the triple- 
 arched bridge, which dates from 1792 and 
 was erected to take the place of the one 
 destroyed in the Battle, are the remains of 
 Worth's (or Bruere's) Mill dating from 
 1714, which ceased operation only in the 
 beginning of the 20th century. The highway 
 was originally at meadow level and the 
 massive masonry of the mill wall seemed 
 impervious to time, but the raising of the 
 road and the use of the west wall of the 
 mill as a retaining wall weakened the whole 
 structure. The mill connects modern 
 Princeton with the earliest settlers of the 
 
The Town 31 
 
 region, deriving its name from Joseph 
 Worth, a Quaker who came to Stony Brook 
 in 1696 and bought the property on which 
 the mill was erected. His descendants in 
 the family held the mill until well after the 
 middle of the 19th century, when it became 
 the property of Mr. Joseph H. Bruere, 
 whose heirs own the picturesque ruin and 
 whose name is attached to it and to the hill 
 across the Brook. The road which turns to 
 the left at the foot of the hill and follows 
 the bank of the winding stream is the old 
 Quaker Road, in a few hundred yards 
 crossing the Trenton turnpike (laid out in 
 1807) and leading past the little Quaker 
 Meeting House. The old bridge at the 
 turnpike is particularly picturesque. 
 
 The Meeting House dates from 1726 
 but was rebuilt in 1760. Prior to 1757 it 
 was the only house of worship in the neigh- 
 borhood of Princeton and was attended by 
 all the early Princeton families. A Quaker 
 schoolhouse antedating 1781 was near by, 
 with a house for the schoolmaster. Both 
 were removed some years ago. The Meet- 
 ing House is a two story building with fire- 
 
32 Guide to Princeton 
 
 places at each end. Its enclosed burial 
 ground is the oldest in the vicinity. The first 
 settlers of Princeton and their descendants 
 for many generations were buried here, but 
 in Quaker fashion without stones to mark 
 the graves. Richard Stockton, Signer of 
 the Declaration, was buried here (see tab- 
 let to his memory erected in 191 3 by the 
 New Jersey Society of the Sons of the 
 American Revolution) and also Governor 
 Charles S. Olden. 
 
 A quieter spot can hardly be imagined 
 than this, where the ''forefathers of the 
 hamlet" lie ; but it was only a few steps 
 north of the Meeting House, shortly after 
 sunrise on January 3, 1777, that the Battle 
 of Princeton began. After retreating 
 through New Jersey, past Princeton down 
 the postroad to Trenton which the visitor 
 has just followed as far as Stony Brook, 
 Washington had surprised the Hessians at 
 Trenton on Christmas Night in 1776, Lord 
 Cornwallis with large reinforcements had 
 reached Trenton late on January 2, 1777, 
 leaving a British brigade in Princeton to join 
 him the next morning, in his plan of catch- 
 
The Town 33 
 
 ing Washington in an untenable position. 
 The latter escaped the predicament by si- 
 lently slipping away during the night of the 
 2nd along an unguarded and circuitous 
 route which led at length to the Quaker 
 Road at Stony Brook and thence to the rear 
 (or south) of the village of Princeton, 
 where he hoped to surprise the British gar- 
 rison, and hurrying on, possibly to seize the 
 important military post at New Brunswick. 
 The line of march from Trenton to the 
 Princeton battle ground is marked at half 
 mile intervals by stone posts on which 
 bronze tablets have been placed by the 
 Sons of the Revolution. The details of the 
 engagement may be followed in General W. 
 S. Stryker's Battles of Trenton and Prince- 
 ton, and in General A. A. Woodhull's Bat- 
 tle of Princeton — a Preliminary Study. 
 Briefly, on reaching Stony Brook, part of the 
 American force (under General Mercer) 
 near the Quaker Meeting House was dis- 
 covered from the top of the hill (Bruere's) 
 across the brook, by the British commander, 
 Colonel Mawhood, on his way with the van- 
 guard of his forces to join Cornwallis at 
 
34 Guide to Princeton 
 
 Trenton. The ensuing engagement, in 
 which the rest of the British troops coming 
 down the postroad and the main body of 
 the American army under Washington all 
 took part, and in which Washington dis- 
 played not only his personal courage but 
 also his remarkable good fortune in escap- 
 ing injury, resulted in the rout of part of 
 the British forces and the retreat of the rest 
 across country along the general direction 
 of the present turnpike leading into Mercer 
 Street, Princeton, and then not existing, 
 back to the college campus and their post 
 in Nassau Hall where they at length sur- 
 rendered. After destroying such military 
 stores as he could not carry off, Washington 
 hurried on with his prisoners toward King- 
 ston where, instead of going to New Bruns- 
 wick as Cornwallis expected and he himself 
 had probably intended, he turned off to 
 Morristown. On finding his quarry gone 
 from Trenton and hearing the guns at 
 Princeton, Lord Cornwallis had hurried back 
 to save New Brunswick and was only an 
 hour or two behind in pursuit of Washing- 
 ton. Not halting at Princeton he pressed 
 
The Toivn 35 
 
 on to Kingston, and as soon as the bridge 
 there destroyed by Washington — the pres- 
 ent bridge — had been repaired, continued on 
 to New Brunswick. The American loss in 
 battle was 30 enlisted men killed and 30 
 wounded, and 8 officers killed. The British 
 left 100 on the field and lost 300 prisoners, 
 of whom 14 were officers. 
 
 Quoting General Woodhull : "Princeton 
 was not a great battle from the point of 
 numbers engaged or of casualties suffered. 
 But it was a great battle when its conse- 
 quences are considered ; when the influence 
 of that victory upon the military history of 
 the Revolution is weighed; and especially 
 when one reflects upon the inevitable politi- 
 cal result that would have followed a defeat 
 upon that field." 
 
 'The field of Princeton remains practi- 
 cally as it lay under the tread of war. The 
 turnpike, now better known as the Mercer 
 Street extension, has made a comparatively 
 deep cutting diagonally through the first line 
 of battle. The orchard and remnants of 
 its surrounding hedge, standing within rea- 
 sonable memory, have disappeared. William 
 Clarke's simple wooden house, which was 
 crowded with wounded after the combats, 
 has been replaced by a greater one of stone 
 
36 Guide to Princeton 
 
 [Mercer Manor] on nearly the same spot. 
 A forest that appears to have stood on 
 Thomas Clarke's farm, south of the road, 
 and perhaps have encroached to the east on 
 ground partly cleared before the Revolution, 
 is represented by one or two straggling 
 oaks. Thomas Clarke's house, newly built 
 shortly before the war, consecrated by the 
 sacrifice of Mercer dying within its doors, 
 is substantially unchanged excepting that 
 what was the rear has now been made the 
 front. With these trifling differences the 
 visitor of to-day sees the terrain precisely 
 as it was when Mercer fell, when Haslet 
 and Neil and Fleming, Shippen, Yeates, 
 Morris and Read were killed or mortally 
 wounded; when defeat drew the patriot 
 army backward to the very brink of ruin 
 and Washington's invincible courage and 
 superb self-control neutralized the impend- 
 ing catastrophe, turned disaster into tri- 
 umph, and forever closed the way to mili- 
 tary intrusion." 
 
 Going back now to the turnpike crossed 
 by the Quaker Road, turn to the right to- 
 wards Princeton. The turnpike was laid out 
 in 1807 and runs through the battlefield. It 
 follows in general the direction of an old 
 backroad from Princeton to the Meeting 
 
The Toimt 2)7 
 
 House, used in early days by residents of 
 Princeton as a short cut to their place of 
 worship. Mercer Heights (residence of 
 Mr. H. E. Hale) on the immediate right 
 was formerly the Thomas Clarke house to 
 which, after the battle. General Mercer was 
 carried severely wounded, and where on 
 January 12, 1777, he died. Visitors may 
 see Mercer's room (bloodstains are still 
 shown) as well as several relics of the en- 
 gagement picked up from time to time in the 
 field. A block of granite, with a tablet to 
 Mercer's memory, stands in front of the 
 house, erected by a Princeton volunteer fire 
 organization named after him. 
 
 A few yards further on, just before 
 Mercer Manor (estate of Mr. H. B. Ows- 
 ley) is reached a pyramid of shot by the 
 roadside is intended to mark the place 
 where Mercer fell but the actual spot was 
 considerably further dovv^n the road, and 
 nearer the Hale house. 
 
 The land on the left of the road is part 
 of "Drumthwacket." Nearly opposite the 
 spot now reached is the monument to Brit- 
 ish and American soldiers, already men- 
 
38 Guide to Princeton 
 
 tioned. The turnpike now passes the end of 
 Lover's Lane on the left. On the right this 
 becomes Olden Lane leading past Maple 
 Hill Farm, the residence of Mr. Walter 
 C. Olden and part of the original William 
 Olden tract, bought in 1696 and embrac- 
 ing the land from Stony Brook to the post- 
 road. At the corner of the turnpike and 
 Olden Lane is Peep-o'-Day, home of the 
 late Lawrence Hutton, the well known dra- 
 matic critic and author, who died here in 
 1904. 
 
 The borough is now entered and the turn- 
 pike becomes Mercer Street. On the left 
 are the woods at the rear of ''Guernsey 
 Hall" (entrance marked by the columns and 
 architrave of the original Hall of the Clio- 
 sophic Society on the College campus, re- 
 moved to this site when the present marble 
 hall of the Society was erected in 1893.) 
 The depression in the road is the end of the 
 ravine across which the last phase of the 
 Battle of Princeton was fought. A British 
 regiment left in Nassau Hall formed on 
 the slope of the ravine and endeavored to 
 check the oncoming Americans, but were 
 
The Toivn 39 
 
 driven back to Nassau Hall over land which 
 now forms the University Golf Links, the 
 grounds of the Princeton Theological Sem- 
 inary, and the northwestern part of the Uni- 
 versity campus. 
 
 A glimpse of the Graduate College, with 
 the Cleveland Tower and the Procter Me- 
 morial Hall, is caught across the fields to the 
 right. 
 
 Continuing up Mercer Street, the main 
 campus of the Princeton Theological Semi- 
 nary is reached on the right. 
 
 The Princeton Theological Seminary 
 is a separate institution from the University, 
 having no corporate relation whatever with 
 the University. It is the oldest and also the 
 largest Presbyterian seminary in the coun- 
 try. An agreement was reached in 181 1 
 by a joint committee representing the col- 
 lege and the General Assembly which led 
 to the location of the Seminary at Prince- 
 ton. In 1812 the first professor was elected 
 (the Rev. Dr. Archibald Alexander) and in 
 1813 the Rev. Dr. Samuel Miller was added. 
 Lectures and recitations were held in the 
 professors' houses. In 1S15 the cornerstone 
 
40 Guide to Princeton 
 
 of Alexander Hall (or Old Seminary), 
 the dormitory facing Mercer Street, was laid 
 and in 1817 the building was occupied. It 
 has the distinction of being the first build- 
 ing erected by the Presbyterian Church in 
 the United States for seminary purposes. 
 Originally containing lecture room, refec- 
 tory, oratory, library, and student apart- 
 ments, it is now used solely as a dormitory. 
 
 North of Alexander Hall is Miller 
 Chapel, built in 1833, named after Dr. 
 Samuel Miller, and containing several not- 
 able memorials to early professors. 
 
 The Gymnasium was erected in 1847 as 
 a refectory. 
 
 Hodge Hall, a dormitory in honor of 
 Dr. Charles Hodge, was erected in 1893 
 from a bequest of Mrs. Robert L. Stuart. 
 
 Brown Hall is a third dormitory, its cor- 
 ner stone being laid in 1S64 by the Mod- 
 erator of the General Assembly. The build- 
 ing was a gift of Mrs. Isabella Brown of 
 Baltimore. 
 
 Stuart Hall, named in honor of Messrs. 
 Robert L. and Alexander Stuart of New 
 York, contains the seminary lecture and 
 
The Town 41 
 
 class rooms, besides two large auditoriums. 
 It was erected in 1876. 
 
 The Reference and Lenox Libraries, 
 both gifts of the Mr. James Lenox of New 
 York, were erected in 1843 and 1879 re- 
 spectively. The two buildings occupy the 
 lot between Mercer Street and Stockton 
 Street. The main collections are located in 
 the Lenox Library, the other building be- 
 ing used as its name indicates. The main 
 library is open seven hours in the day and 
 three hours at night, while the reference li- 
 brary is open every week day, eight hours in 
 the daytime and three hours at night except 
 Saturday night. The combined libraries 
 contain over 106,000 volumes and 35,000 
 pamphlets, besides other collections. 
 
 In addition to the buildings named, there 
 are eight houses on the Seminary campus, 
 belonging to the Seminary and used as pro- 
 fessors' residences. The brick house north 
 of Miller Chapel was occupied first by Dr. 
 Archibald Alexander and subsequently by 
 Dr. Charles Hodge. The corresponding 
 house at the other end of Alexander Hall 
 was occupied by Dr. Samuel Miller, on 
 
42 Guide to Princeton 
 
 leaving his private residence, now the Nas- 
 sau Club. 
 
 Opposite Trinity Church, the street to 
 the right, now Alexander Street, was for- 
 merly called Canal Street and was one of 
 the principal thoroughfares of Princeton, 
 being the direct road to the canal (opened 
 1834) and to the railroad station, when the 
 main line of the railroad (opened 1839) 
 was on the canal bank. In 1867 the rail- 
 road was straightened, and at Princeton 
 Junction a branch line three miles long con- 
 nected it with Princeton. 
 
 The stone building on the left, opposite 
 the head of Alexander Street, on the land of 
 Trinity Church, was built in 1847 for the 
 Law School of the college. On the discon- 
 tinuance of the school the building became 
 the office of the railroad company (owners 
 of the line on the canal) and in 1871 after 
 the lease to the Pennsylvania Railroad, it 
 passed into private owenrship and has since 
 been known as Ivy Hall. It now belongs 
 to Trinity Church. 
 
 A little further east on the right hand side 
 of Mercer Street, the house with high 
 
The Tozvn 43 
 
 porch columns is historic although not con- 
 nected with Princeton. It was the Sheldon 
 home at Northampton, Mass., and was 
 brought to Princeton piece by piece in 1868 
 by the Rev. Dr. George Sheldon. 
 
 Next is the Nassau Club. On this site 
 Jonathan Dickinson Sergeant, a Princeton 
 lawyer and patriot, had built a handsome 
 residence which was burned to the ground 
 by the Hessians in 1776 during the absence 
 of Mr. Sergeant in Congress. The property 
 came into possession of Mr. Sergeant's 
 son-in-law, the Rev. Dr. Samuel Miller of 
 the Theological Seminary, who erected 
 (about 1813-14) the present building which 
 was enlarged by the Club in 191 1. The 
 walls are of stone and more than a foot 
 thick; the old fireplaces, panelled mantel- 
 pieces and other woodwork are still in 
 place; so also is the Dutch oven under the 
 rear porch. Before Mercer Street was 
 opened in 1807 the gardens and orchards of 
 this property extended north to Stockton 
 Street (towards which it will be noticed the 
 house faces), south to Dickinson Street, 
 east to what is now University Place, and 
 
44 Guide to Princeton 
 
 west to Alexander Street. On this property 
 General Winfield Scott encamped with his 
 troops in 1814 on their way to the front. 
 
 The union of Stockton and Mercer Streets 
 has now been reached again and the tour 
 of the 'Triangle'' completed. At a point 
 between the little park and the corner of 
 Bayard Lane, von Donop, the Hessian com- 
 mander at Princeton in December 1776, 
 had set up earthworks as a defence from 
 possible attack on the post road. A Brit- 
 ish cannon mounted on one of these earth- 
 works was fired, (according to one tradition, 
 by Mary Hays, the "Mollie Pitcher" of 
 Monmouth), at the British columns under 
 Cornwallis approaching from Trenton and 
 Stony Brook in pursuit of Washington after 
 the Battle of Princeton. This temporarily 
 checked the advance, necessitating recon- 
 naissance on the part of the British only to 
 discover that Washington had no intention 
 of defending Princeton, but was hastening 
 away toward Kingston. In spite of discre- 
 pancy in the records there is reason to be- 
 lieve that the Big Cannon on the University 
 campus was the gun here mentioned. 
 
The Town 45 
 
 Continuing along Nassau Street to With- 
 erspoon Street, the large half-timbered 
 building on the left at Baker Street is 
 Upper Pyne, a University dormitory. The 
 elaborate carving is interesting. The text 
 **Nisi Dominus Frustra" (Unless the Lord 
 build the house they labor in vain) is carved 
 on the main first floor beam, and on the face 
 of the sundial is the motto: "Vulnerant 
 Omnes : Ultima Necat" (Each hour injures ; 
 the last one slays). On the corner opposite 
 the First National Bank is Lower Pyne, an- 
 other University dormitory of similar style. 
 Turning down Witherspoon Street just be- 
 fore reaching the Cemetery the Wiggins 
 House is passed on the right. This was 
 built by Dr. Thomas Wiggins, an i8th cen- 
 tury Princeton physician and treasurer of 
 the college, on what was then his farm of 
 some twenty acres. Dr. Wiggins was a mem- 
 ber of the local Committee of Correspon- 
 dence in 1775 and as such endorsed the dis- 
 patch carried by a rider through Princeton 
 before dawn on April 23, bringing to the 
 Continental Congress at Philadelphia the 
 news of Lexington and Concord. The "Wig- 
 
46 Guide to Princeton 
 
 gins House" was for some time the parson- 
 age of the First Presbyterian Church. 
 
 The Princeton Cemetery has been ex- 
 travagantly called the ''Westminster of 
 America." It contains, however, (in the 
 Presidents' Lot) the graves of all the de- 
 ceased presidents of Princeton University, 
 except Presidents Dickinson and Finley, and 
 including Jonathan Edwards, John Wither- 
 spoon and James McCosh. Elsewhere are 
 the graves of an ex-President of the United 
 States (Cleveland), and a Vice-President 
 of the United States (Burr), Justices of the 
 Supreme Court and of New Jersey, mem- 
 bers of the Colonial Assembly and Council, 
 members of the Continental Congress and of 
 the New Jersey Provincial Congress, sev- 
 eral officers of the Revolutionary Army and 
 of the United States Army and Navy, a 
 Signer of the Declaration of Independence 
 (Witherspoon), a Governor of New Jersey, 
 members of the United States Senate and 
 House of Representatives, and several of 
 the most famous theologians in American 
 Presbyterian history. 
 
 Following Witherspoon Street about a 
 
The Tozvn 47 
 
 mile from Princeton and taking the left 
 fork of the road (the Blawenburg road) we 
 reach Tusculum, the country residence of 
 President Witherspoon, built in 1773 (see 
 date carved in the stone under the eaves). 
 The house was the headquarters of the of- 
 ficers of the 40th British regiment in De- 
 cember 1776. The live-stock was seized, 
 but the house and contents were not much 
 damaged. Washington was not an infre- 
 quent visitor here and the Dutch Minister, 
 Van Berckel, made it his headquarters in 
 '^7^Z> when he came to Princeton to receive 
 audience from Congress. The frame addi- 
 tion to the house is modern but the structure 
 itself has been admirably preserved and is 
 an excellent example of late colonial con- 
 struction. Tradition claims that the ma- 
 hogany doors were imported from England. 
 The interior of the house is interesting. 
 Dr. Witherspoon's study was a small room 
 upstairs. 'Tusculum" is now the residence 
 of Dr. M. W. Pardoe of Princeton. 
 
 Returning to the corner of Witherspoon 
 and Nassau Streets and following the latter 
 east, on the northwest corner of Nassau 
 
48 Guide to Princeton 
 
 Street and Vandeventer Avenue is the 
 Bainbridge House (now the Public Li- 
 brary). Built in the i8th century it belonged 
 for over a hundred years to a branch of the 
 Stockton family. It acquired its present 
 name as the birthplace of Commodore Wil- 
 liam Bainbridge of the United States Navy, 
 who was born in 1774, the son of Dr. Ab- 
 salom Bainbridge, a Princeton physician, 
 and who became the celebrated commander 
 of the "Constitution" (''Old Ironsides"). 
 
 The Beatty House (No. 19 Vandeventer 
 Avenue), the residence of Mr. Oliver H. 
 Hubbard, is historic. As the residence of 
 Colonel Erkuries Beatty, of the Revolution- 
 ary Army, it stood formerly on the south 
 side of Nassau Street opposite the Bain- 
 bridge House from which it was removed 
 about 1875. Colonel Beatty was one of 
 Lafayette's aides at Yorktown, and it is 
 said that Lafayette spent the night in this 
 house in July 1825 on his second visit to 
 Princeton, during his triumphal tour of 
 the country. It was occupied in the middle 
 of the 19th century by a girls' school of 
 more than local reputation. On the corner 
 
The Town 49 
 
 of Vandeventer Avenue opposite the Bain- 
 bridge House is the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, erected in 1907 in place of the 
 edifice built in 1847. 
 
 Across Nassau Street in front of the 
 Chemical Laboratory is one of the stone 
 monuments erected to identify the route 
 taken by Washington to Morristown after 
 the Battle of Princeton. 
 
 A block further east is St. Paul's Cath- 
 olic Church, of which the organization 
 dates from 1850, the church and parish 
 buildings being, however, considerable later. 
 
 At the corner of Harrison Street (one of 
 the oldest streets in Princeton, appearing 
 on all the early maps of the village, and 
 leading directly to Scudder's or the Aque- 
 duct Mills) was the suburb Queenston, 
 locally known as "Jug Town," on account of 
 a prosperous pottery manufactory formerly 
 located there, but now become a part of the 
 borough of Princeton. The locality had a 
 period of great activity, with a hotel (cor- 
 ner of Nassau and Harrison Streets), a 
 chapel (on Harrison Street), a school, etc., 
 of its own. The long low rambling Red 
 
50 Guide to Princeton 
 
 House on the left of Nassau Street just 
 before reaching Oueenston, on Evelyn Place, 
 was the site of Evelyn College for Wo- 
 men, which had a brief career in the early 
 nineties. The property has now been cut 
 up into building lots. 
 
 The large house with the white porch- 
 columns, on the south side of the street just 
 after passing Queenston, was the residence 
 of the late President McCosh, built by him 
 on Prospect Avenue, and moved to the pres- 
 ent site after his death. 
 
 On the north side of the street, just be- 
 yond the borough line (Snowden Lane) is 
 the well known Princeton Preparatory 
 School for boys, established in 1873. 
 
 Continuing along the road to Kingston, on 
 the south side is a fine old pre-revolution- 
 ary house, Castle Howard, one of the old- 
 est estates in Princeton, having originally 
 been the plantation of a Dr. Greenland be- 
 fore William Penn conveyed land to 
 Stockton and others in 1696 at the other end 
 of the village. The present name dates 
 from an eighteenth century owner, Captain 
 Howard, of the British Army, but who at the 
 
The Town 51 
 
 time of his death in 1776 was a strong sym- 
 pathizer with the colonists. It is said that 
 he painted over his mantel the warning 
 '*No Tory talk here," which remained visi- 
 ble many years later. "Castle Howard" is 
 now the residence of Mr. T. A. C. Baker. 
 The scene of one of Dr. van Dyke's stories 
 is laid here. 
 
 At Kingston the road to the left leads to 
 Rocky Hill where should be visited Rock- 
 ingham, occupied by General Washington 
 in the summer of 1783 as his headquarters 
 during the session of Congress at Princeton. 
 The property is now owned and maintained 
 by The Washington Headquarters Associa- 
 tion of Rocky Hill and is full of interesting 
 relics chiefly relating to Washington. It is 
 open to the public on payment of a fee of 25 
 cents. In the ''Blue Room" at "Rocking- 
 ham," Washington wrote in October 1783 
 his "Farewell Orders" to the American 
 Army. The property was rented for his 
 occupancy from the widow of Judge John 
 Berrien of Princeton, a trustee of the col- 
 lege. It passed from her into various hands 
 until it finally became the tenement of Ital- 
 
52 Guide to Princeton 
 
 ian quarrymen. It was then recovered 
 through the patriotic energy of Miss Kate 
 E. McFarlane of Rocky Hill and the gen- 
 erosity of Mrs. Josephine Thomson Swann 
 of Princeton, the donor of Thomson Hall, 
 already noticed. In spite of the general de- 
 lapidation of the building during its use 
 as a tenement, the Italian occupants kept 
 the Blue Room closed and in perfect con- 
 dition, treating it as a sanctuary in memory 
 of its historic association with Washington. 
 The house was built in 1734 and in 1783 the 
 farm consisted of over 300 acres. 
 
 During Washington's occupancy, "Rock- 
 ingham' 'became a rendezvous for visitors. 
 Among these, Thomas Paine was a specially 
 invited guest. On the Millstone River at 
 the foot of Rocky Hill, Paine and Washing- 
 ton tested the local tradition that the river 
 could be set on fire, by stirring up the mud 
 of the bottom and lighting the marsh gas 
 thus released. One of the most important 
 state dinners given by Washington while at 
 "Rockingham" was in honor of the Dutch 
 Minister Van Berckel and the members of 
 Congress. During Washington's stay, his 
 
The Town 53 
 
 famous bodyguard encamped on the lawn 
 in front of the house. 
 
 The Aqueduct Mills on the Millstone 
 (via Harrison Street and across Lake Car- 
 negie) were located at the union of Stony 
 Brook and the Millstone. In the Revolution 
 it was known as Scudder's Mills, being 
 owned by Colonel Nathaniel Scudder of the 
 American Army. British troops were quar- 
 tered at the mills during the occupation of 
 Princeton by the British in 1776. The prop- 
 erty was destroyed in December of that 
 year, but at once rebuilt. 
 
 On the south side of Lake Carnegie is 
 Saint Joseph's College, the preparatory de- 
 partment of Saint Vincent's Seminary at 
 Germantown. These two institutions edu- 
 cate young men for the Roman Catholic 
 priesthood in the religious community called 
 Congregation of the Mission, founded by 
 Saint Vincent de Paul in 161 7 in Paris, and 
 introduced into the United States in 181 7. 
 
 On this side of the Lake is also the De- 
 partment of Animal Pathology of the 
 Rockefeller Institute for Medical Re- 
 search. Here, in addition to the research 
 
54 Guide to Princeton 
 
 work of this Department carried on in the 
 laboratory building, serum horses and other 
 animals of the Institute are cared for in spe- 
 cially designed buildings, and may be kept 
 isolated for the study of infectious diseases, 
 the prevention of which constitutes the pur- 
 pose of the Foundation. 
 
 In an additional building, erected in 191 7, 
 the production of curative sera was carried 
 on to meet the urgent requirements of the 
 war. 
 
 The village of Lawrenceville, five miles 
 from Princeton on the road to Trenton 
 (either of the trolley lines or by Stockton 
 Street and its continuation) was settled at 
 about the same time as Princeton, its orig- 
 inal name being Maidenhead. Being on the 
 postroad to Trenton and Philadelphia its 
 name appears frequently in the records. 
 
 It is the seat of Lawrenceville School 
 whose history runs back to 1810. The 
 School is planned on the ''house system" by 
 which the boys live in masters' houses of 
 which there are twelve or more. The mem- 
 bers of the Fifth or highest form live in a 
 dormitory known as "Upper House" and in 
 
The Toivn 5^ 
 
 preparation for their university life have at 
 least one year of wider personal liberty 
 and responsibility than is possible in the 
 masters' houses. To see the grounds and 
 admirably complete equipment of the school, 
 visitors should ask for guides at the Head- 
 master's House. 
 
S6 Guide to Princeton 
 
 Walks 
 
 1. Stockton Street, to Elm Street, to the 
 Rosedale Road, to the two bridges, along 
 right bank of Stony Brook downstream to 
 site of Bruere's mill at the bridge, back by 
 the old postroad. About 4 miles. 
 
 2. Elm Road on east side of Brokaw 
 Field through Potter's Woods to Lake 
 Carnegie, along the shore of the Lake to 
 Washington Road and thence to McCosh 
 Walk and the campus. About 2 miles. 
 
 3. Bayard Lane to Pretty Brook road 
 and back by Province Line Road. Four 
 miles. 
 
 4. Bayard Lane or Elm Street to Cedar 
 Grove and back by Blawenburg Road. Five 
 miles. 
 
 5. Nassau Street to Kingston, crossing 
 head of lake Carnegie, following road along 
 the lakeside to Washington Road extension 
 back to Princeton. Six miles. 
 
The University S7 
 
 The University 
 
 Founded as the College of New Jersey 
 (charter granted October 22, 1746, by Acting 
 Governor John Hamilton), the college was 
 opened at Elizabeth, N. J., in the spring 
 of 1747. It owes its origin to the energy 
 and persistence of members of the Synod of 
 New York. On securing a charter they as- 
 sociated with themselves the leaders of the 
 famous Log College at Neshaminy (founded 
 in 1726) which had recently been discon- 
 tinued. On the death of the first presi- 
 dent, Jonathan Dickinson, the college was 
 moved to Newark, N. J., where in Novem- 
 ber 1748 the first Commencement was held. 
 A new charter was granted by Governor 
 Jonathan Belcher in the same year. Prop- 
 erty was acquired at Princeton in 1753 and 
 the corner-stone of the first building, Nas- 
 sau Hall, was laid in September 1754. The 
 College was moved to Princeton in Novem- 
 
58 Guide to Princeton 
 
 ber 1756. The title 'Trinceton University" 
 was assumed in October 1896 at the Sesqui- 
 cennial Celebration of the founding. The 
 presidents of Princeton have been (i) 
 Jonathan Dickinson, 1747- 1747, (2) Aaron 
 Burr, 1748-1757, (3) Jonathan Edwards, 
 1757-1758, (4) Samuel Davies, 1759-1761, 
 (5) Samuel Finley, 1 761 -1766, (6) John 
 Witherspoon, 1768- 1794, (7) Samuel Stan- 
 hope Smith, 1795- 1 81 2, (8) Ashbel Green, 
 1812-1822, (9) James Carnahan, 1823-1854, 
 (10) John Maclean, 1854-1868, (11) James 
 McCosh, 1868-1888, (12) Francis Landey 
 Patton, 1 888- 1902, (13) Woodrow Wilson, 
 1902-1910, (14) John Grier Hibben, 1912 
 to date. 
 
 The seal of the University is a shield 
 resting upon a circle; in the upper part of 
 the shield an open Bible with Latin char- 
 acters signifying the Old and New Testa- 
 ments; in the lower part, a chevron denot- 
 ing the rafters of a building; between the 
 sides of the shield and circle, the motto 
 "Dei sub numine viget" ; on the outside of 
 the circle the words "Sigillum Universitatis 
 Princetoniensis." The heraldic description of 
 
The University 59 
 
 the shield is : Or, a chevron sable ; on a 
 chief of the second an open book proper 
 with the words Vet Nov Testamentum. The 
 official colors of the University are Orange 
 and Black. This seal was adopted October 
 22, 1896, when the name of the college was 
 changed to Princeton University. It was 
 taken in part from the old seal. 
 
 Campus and Buildings 
 
 The campus originally was a four and a 
 half acre lot on the highroad, given by 
 Nathaniel FitzRandolph, a resident of the 
 village (see tablet in Holder Hall arch). 
 It now comprises over eight hundred acres 
 including land held in the interest of the 
 University, with fifty-six buildings devoted 
 to instructional, laboratory, and dormitory 
 purposes, and over fifty others used for 
 clubs, athletics, and various university pur- 
 poses. 
 
 Nassau Hall. Erected in 1754- 1756 
 on the land given by Mr. Fitz Randolph and 
 named in honor of William of Nassau, 
 (Prince of Orange, William III of England) 
 as "champion of British liberties," the build- 
 
6o Guide to Princeton 
 
 ing was planned to contain the college refec- 
 tory, recitation rooms, chapel, library, and 
 students' apartments. Excepting the presi- 
 dent's house (see Dean of the Faculty's 
 house) certain out-buildings (fire engine 
 shed, kitchen, steward's house, etc.) it was 
 until the beginning of the 19th century the 
 only building on the campus. Here all of 
 Princeton's i8th century students roomed. 
 The green in front of it has been the scene 
 of several historic happenings. In the sum- 
 mer of 1770 the students burned here, at 
 the hands of the public hangman, the letter 
 of the New York merchants breaking the 
 Non-Importation Agreement. In January 
 1774 here took place the Princeton Tea 
 Party when a bonfire was made of the en- 
 tire college supply of tea, with an eftigy of 
 the unpopular Governor Hutchinson of 
 Massachusetts in the center, a canister of 
 tea about his neck. On July 9, 1776, the 
 Declaration of Independence was read here, 
 salutes fired, and the building was illumi- 
 nated. The surrender of Cornwallis at 
 Yorktown in 1781 and the announcement of 
 the cessation of hostilities in April 1783 
 
The University 6i 
 
 were duly celebrated on the front campus; 
 and here an interesting ceremony took 
 place in September 1824 when the Marquis 
 of Lafayette revisited Princeton after forty- 
 nine years, and was received by the college 
 and town. Recent memorable scenes on the 
 steps of Nassau Hall have been the review 
 of the torchlight procession of alumni on 
 October 22, 1896, by the President of the 
 United States (Cleveland) at the Sesqui- 
 centennial Celebration of the founding; the 
 conferring of honorary degrees on the Pres- 
 ident of the United States (Taft) and the 
 Chief Justice (White) at the inauguration 
 of President Hibben in 1912; and the con- 
 ferring of honorary degrees at Commence- 
 ment in 19 1 7 on the Secretary of State 
 (Lansing) and the Ambassadors of the 
 Allies. 
 
 The front campus is the scene of ''senior 
 singing" on spring evenings (from about 
 7.30 to 8.30) the seniors occupying the steps 
 and the audience grouping in a semicircle 
 under the trees. The tablets set in the walls 
 of Nassau Hall mark the ivy planted at 
 Commencement by graduating classes. The 
 
62 Guide to Princeton 
 
 earliest stone is that of the Class of 1870. 
 The ivy thus grown had virtually covered 
 the entire face of the building but was win- 
 ter-killed in 1917-1918. The glacial boulder 
 fragment lying beside the steps is from Neu- 
 chatel, Switzerland, the birthplace of Pro- 
 fessor Arnold Guyot of Princeton, the re- 
 maining portion of the boulder being used 
 in the tablet to his memory in Marquand 
 Chapel. 
 
 The bronze tigers on the steps, modelled 
 by A. P. Proctor, are the gift of the Class 
 of 1879. The tablet set in the front of the 
 steps records a significant passage in the 
 speech of the Chief Justice at the inaugura- 
 tion of President Hibben. On one side of 
 the doorway is a bronze tablet setting forth 
 the successive stages in the corporate devel- 
 opment of the University; on the other, a 
 bronze tablet erected by the New Jersey 
 Chapter of the Sons of the Revolution epi- 
 tomizing the history of Nassau Hall. In the 
 vestibule is a bronze tablet erected by the 
 New Jersey Chapter of the Society of the 
 Colonial Dames of America in memory of 
 the first presidents and charter trustees of 
 
The University 6^, 
 
 the college. Opposite are a heroic bronze 
 bas-relief of Elias Boudinot (by W. O. 
 Partridge) trustee of Princeton, and Pres- 
 ident of the Continental Congress at the time 
 of its session in this building, and one of 
 John Witherspoon, Signer of the Declara- 
 tion of Independence, and President of 
 Princeton University during the Revolution- 
 ary period. The central entrance hall or 
 atrium is to be remodelled and dedicated as 
 a Memorial Hall to Princetonians who gave 
 up their lives in the War, and will contain 
 the memorial tablets in their honor. The 
 record of Princeton men in service is at 
 present temporarily posted on the walls. 
 
 Military occupation during the Revolu- 
 tion completely ruined the interior of Nas- 
 sau Hall and restorations were not com- 
 pleted for several years after the war. The 
 interior was destroyed by fire in 1802 and 
 again in 1855, but in each case the walls 
 remained. Until the restoration after the 
 fire of 1855 there were three entrances, one 
 on each side of the central entrance with 
 corresponding exits in the rear. The tur- 
 rets at the ends of the building containing 
 
64 Guide to Princeton 
 
 the stone staircases, date from the restora- 
 tion of 1855, as does the high cupola. The 
 bell rings the curfew every night during the 
 term time, a college rule dating from the be- 
 ginning of the occupancy of Nassau Hall 
 and broken only during the existence of 
 the Student Army Training Corps in the 
 autumn of 19 18, when virtually the whole 
 student body was under military or naval 
 jurisdiction. The clock in the cupola is the 
 gift of the Class of i860. 
 
 Before 1855 corridors ran through the en- 
 tire length of the building; the prayer-hall 
 or chapel was smaller; and the interior of 
 the east end has been greatly altered to pro- 
 vide space for the offices of administration ; 
 but the interior of the west end has pre- 
 served closely the original arrangement and 
 appearance. 
 
 During the Revolution the building was 
 occupied as barracks and hospital by British 
 and American troops in turn. Evacuated 
 by the college in November 1776 and held 
 as a British post until the Battle of Prince- 
 ton (Jan. 3, 1777), it was recaptured by 
 Washington at the close of the Battle, 
 
The University 65 
 
 Alexander Hamilton's battery firing the 
 shots that led to the surrender of the gar- 
 rison. Abandoned later in the day by 
 Washington, it was re-occupied for a few 
 hours by Cornwallis who was succeeded by 
 American troops, the latter remaining until 
 almost the end of the war. 
 
 The first State legislature of New Jersey 
 met in Nassau Hall in 1776, adopted the 
 first State constitution, inaugurated the first 
 governor of the State and adopted the State 
 seal. Here in the college library room over 
 the main entrance, the Continental Congress 
 sat during the summer and autumn of 1783 
 at ordinary sessions, adjourning to the 
 prayer-hall on the main floor on special oc- 
 casions. 
 
 The prayer-hall or chapel (now the Fac- 
 ulty Room) is historic. Here in former 
 times were held the daybreak and vesper 
 chapel services at which attendance was 
 compulsory. George Whitefield, the fa- 
 mous 1 8th century evangelist, once preached 
 to the college in this hall at 5 o'clock in the 
 morning; the death of George H was com- 
 memorated here with solemn exercises; the 
 
66 Guide to Princeton 
 
 funeral services of Presidents Aaron Burr, 
 Samuel Davies, Jonathan Edwards and John 
 Witherspoon, and of Richard Stockton, an- 
 other Princeton Signer of the Declaration 
 of Independence, and of Colonel Aaron 
 Burr, former Vice-President of the United 
 States, took place in this room ; here too the 
 Continental Congress received General 
 Washington in a public audience in August 
 1783 and tendered to him the thanks of the 
 nation for his services during the Revolu- 
 tionary War; later in the summer Con- 
 gress also received in this room Peter van 
 Berckel, the Minister Plenipotentiary from 
 the Netherlands, the first foreign minister 
 accredited to the United States after in- 
 dependence had been acknowledged ; and on 
 the same day the first authentic news of 
 the signing of the Definitive Treaty of Peace 
 was delivered to Congress by a special cour- 
 ier from Europe. In later years the room 
 was first the library and then the college 
 museum. Ex- President Cleveland, a trus- 
 tee of Princeton, delivered the address at 
 the re-opening (in 1906) of the hall as the 
 Faculty Room in which the formal meetings 
 
The University 6y 
 
 of the Faculty take place. The remodelling 
 and furnishings were carried out in mem- 
 ory of Nathaniel Fitz Randolph by his de- 
 scendants. 
 
 The portraits in the Faculty Room are 
 chiefly those of the fourteen presidents and 
 of early trustees and graduates of the Uni- 
 versity. The portraits of President Mc- 
 Cosh and President Patton are by John W. 
 Alexander. The portrait of William of 
 Orange, Prince of Nassau, for whom the 
 building was named, is a copy of the portrait 
 at the Hague. That of President Wilson is 
 by Frederick Yates. The most interesting 
 picture is that of George Washington by 
 Charles Willson Peale, the sittings for which 
 were given at Rocky Hill, near Princeton, 
 while Washington was in Headquarters 
 there in 1783. It was painted by order of 
 the Board of Trustees and paid for with 
 money which Washington had presented to 
 the college. The frame originally held a 
 portrait of George H which was shot away 
 during the Battle of Princeton. In the back- 
 ground is a view of the battle and of Nas- 
 sau Hall ; in the foreground is General Hugh 
 
68 Guide to Princeton 
 
 Mercer who died of wounds received in the 
 action. 
 
 Nassau Hall is now used almost entirely 
 for administrative purposes, containing the 
 offices of the President, the Secretary, the 
 Registrar, the Dean of the Graduate School, 
 the Dean of the College, and the private 
 offices of members of the Faculty. On the 
 top floor at the west end is the Psychological 
 Laboratory. 
 
 The Dean's House, official residence of 
 the Dean of the Faculty, northwest of Nas- 
 sau Hall and facing Nassau Street, is 
 contemporary with Nassau Hall having been 
 built as the president's house and until 
 1879 so occupied by all presidents of the 
 University except Dickinson. Presidents 
 Aaron Burr, Samuel Davies and Jonathan 
 Edwards died in this house. In his diary 
 Mr. John Adams speaks of visiting Presi- 
 dent Withers poon here in 1774. On one of 
 the study windows is an inscription scratched 
 on the glass in 1804. The two giant syca- 
 mores at the entrance gate are commonly 
 associated with the repeal of the Stamp 
 Act (1766) having been planted (or at least 
 
The University 69 
 
 ordered to be planted) the year before the 
 repeal. The campus gate and railing at this 
 point was called "Lazy Corner" in former 
 times, being a popular undergraduate loafing 
 place. 
 
 South of the Dean's House and west of 
 Nassau Hall is Stanhope Hall, the survi- 
 vor of two buildings built in 1803- 1804, 
 for recitation, library, and laboratory pur- 
 poses, the other being in a corresponding 
 position at the east end of Nassau Hall on 
 the site occupied since 1873 by the Chan- 
 cellor Green Library. Stanhope Hall is 
 named after President S. Stanhope Smith 
 and now contains the offices of the Treas- 
 urer and of the Secretary of Business Ad- 
 ministration. The corresponding building, 
 formerly at the other end of Nassau Hall 
 and now removed, contained in its basement 
 the refectory and was at first called the 
 Refectory. Here in the stone vaulted din- 
 ing hall Lafayette was entertained at a 
 breakfast served in his honor by the town 
 and the college when he revisited Princeton 
 in 1824. Subsequently the building became 
 known as Philosophical Hall because the 
 
70 Guide to Princeton 
 
 laboratory of the department of Natural 
 Philosophy or Physics was here. Here 
 Professor Joseph, Henry carried on his 
 experiments, especially in telegraphy, and 
 from this laboratory as early as 1836 sent 
 messages over the wire to his home on the 
 opposite side of the campus, these being 
 the first telegraphic messages ever sent. 
 This fact was the keynote of the college 
 celebration of the laying of the Atlantic 
 cable in 1858. 
 
 The dormitory south of Stanhope Hall is 
 Reunion Hall erected in 1870 and named 
 to commemorate the reunion of the Old and 
 New Schools of the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Passing between Stanhope Hall and Re- 
 union the main entrance to Alexander 
 Hall is reached. This auditorium (W. A. 
 Potter, architect) erected in 1892 by Mrs. 
 Harriet Crocker (Charles B.) Alexander, 
 seats about 1500 and is used for commence- 
 ment exercises, public lectures, concerts and 
 other large university gatherings. The mo- 
 saic panels on the wall behind the rostrum, 
 representing Homer surrounded by the he- 
 roes and heroines of Homeric Story, were 
 
The University yi 
 
 designed by J. A. Holzer. The high relief 
 tablet to the right of the rostrum is in mem- 
 ory of Henry M. Alexander, Class of 1840, 
 a trustee of Princeton from 1863 to 1899. 
 The sculptures on the south front of the 
 building are by J. Massey Rhind and con- 
 sist of the seated figure of Learning, on one 
 side of which are figures of Architecture, 
 Sculpture, Painting, Poetry, Music, and 
 Belles Lettres, and on the other side Ora- 
 tory, Theology, History, PEilosophy, and 
 Ethics. The quotation ending the inscrip- 
 tion is from Lucretius : ''There is no great- 
 er joy than to hold high aloft the serene 
 abodes well bulwarked by the learning of 
 the wise." 
 
 Between Alexander Hall and the street is 
 the First Presbyterian Church mentioned 
 elsewhere. 
 
 Northwest of Alexander Hall are Holder 
 and Madison Halls (Day and Klauder, 
 architects), the Great Court of Holder being 
 entered through the arch on the driveway 
 leading from Alexander Hall. This is the 
 approximate site of the i8th century pri- 
 vate burial ground of the Fitz Randolph 
 
72 Guide to Princeton 
 
 family, and behind the tablet set in the 
 arch are gathered the few bones found when 
 the excavation for the dormitory was made. 
 The tablet is in memory of Nathaniel Fitz 
 Randolph, donor of the site of Nassau Hall. 
 The Latin inscription records that ''He rests 
 in our ground — ^^and yet his own." Crossing 
 the Court, the Cloisters and especially the 
 Holder Tower should be noticed. The 
 the court is enclosed on three sides by the 
 dormitory named Holder Hall and given 
 by Mrs. Russell Sage, in memory of Chris- 
 topher Holder, a Quaker ancestor (see tab- 
 let with inscription by Dr. John DeWitt in 
 arch under the tower). The cloisters form 
 the fourth side of the court. Passing out 
 under the tower into Nassau Street turn to 
 the left. The escutcheons on the street 
 front of the arch bear the arms of the orig- 
 inal thirteen colonies. The group of build- 
 ings now reached is Madison Hall, joined 
 architecturally to Holder and containing the 
 University Dining Halls, where the sopho- 
 mores and freshmen and a number of upper- 
 classmen take their meals. During the war 
 period (1917-18) the Student Army Train- 
 
The University 73 
 
 ing Corps, the Naval Training Unit and the 
 School of Military Aeronautics all messed 
 here. The portraits hanging in the Halls 
 are of alumni and officers of the University. 
 The kitchen is in a separate building in the 
 center of the court enclosed by Madison 
 Hall. The latter quadrangle extends to the 
 corner of University Place and down this 
 street to Hamilton Hall, a dormitory (Day 
 and Klauder, architects). The interesting 
 architectural effect of the low archway lead- 
 ing into the small court between Hamilton 
 and Madison should be noticed. The in- 
 scription in the archway, by Dr. DeWitt, is 
 in honor of the Acting Governor John Ham- 
 ilton, grantor of the First Charter, for 
 whom the building is named. 
 
 Turning in to the left from University 
 Place between Hamilton and the Halsted 
 Observatory on the right, containing the 
 great telescope, 30 feet long, of 23 inches 
 aperture, and other astronomical accessories 
 for advanced scientific work, Campbell 
 Hall, also a dormitory (Cram, Goodhue, 
 Ferguson, architects), is found on the right. 
 The vista of three arches and the steps 
 
74 Guide to Princeton 
 
 leading down from Nassau Street through 
 Holder Court and piercing Campbell is in- 
 teresting. 
 
 Going through the arch of Campbell 
 (named in honor of John I. Campbell, presi- 
 dent of the Class of 1877, donors of the 
 dormitory) Blair Hall, a dormitory, is 
 seen directly in front, with the great tower 
 and arch leading to a broad flight of 
 steps. The arch contains tablets in memory 
 of John Inslee Blair, Trustee of Princeton 
 and donor of the building, and of Walter 
 Cope and John Stewardson, architects of 
 Blair and Little Halls and of the Gymna- 
 sium, ''masters of their art and an uplifting 
 influence in the development of architecture 
 in America." This latter tablet was erected 
 by the Philadelphia Chapter of the Ameri- 
 can Institute of Architects. Until 1918 the 
 railway station was located in the area at 
 the foot of the Blair steps. 
 
 Skirting Blair Hall on the right proceed 
 to the short flight of steps between the end 
 of Blair and the buttress wall of Wither- 
 spoon Hall (dormitory built in 1877 in hon- 
 or of President Witherspoon) on the left. 
 
The University 75 
 
 Note the Tiger Gateway at the right of the 
 steps. The latter lead to the court of Staf- 
 ford Little Hall, dormitory built in 1899 
 and 1901, named for Mr. Stafford Little of 
 the Class of 1844, donor of the building, 
 (Cope & Stewardson, architects), with Ed- 
 wards and Albert B. Dod Halls, the for- 
 mer, built in 1880, named after President 
 Edwards and the latter (built in 1890, J. L. 
 Faxon, architect) after Professor Albert B. 
 Dod of the Class of 1822. 
 
 Stafford Little Hall is connected archi- 
 tecturally with the Gymnasium (built in 
 1903, Cope and Stewardson, architects), the 
 main entrance to which through the massive 
 tower leads directly into the Trophy Room, 
 and this on to the floor of the Gymnasium 
 itself. The Trophy Room contains the ban- 
 ners, footballs, baseballs, cups and medals of 
 winning Princeton teams and individual ath- 
 letes. The Gymnasium proper is 166 feet 
 long by loi feet wide. The running track is 
 twelve laps to the mile. Downstairs are 
 dressing rooms, hot and cold shower baths, 
 handball courts and a rowing room with ma- 
 chines for indoor crew practice. The rooms 
 
76 Guide to Princeton 
 
 opening from the entrance hall on the main 
 floor are used by the offices of the Depart- 
 ment of Physical Education and Hygiene 
 and besides physical examination rooms, 
 there are rooms for boxing, wrestling and 
 fencing. 
 
 In the adjoining Brokaw Memorial is 
 the swimming tank, which can be reached 
 also from the lower floor of the gymna- 
 sium. The Brokaw Memorial is named in 
 memory of Frederick Brokaw, Class of 
 1892, who lost his life while trying to save a 
 drowning girl (note tablet in the arch). 
 Brokaw Field lies beyond and is a general 
 athletic ground used by class teams. The 
 Elm Drive skirting Brokaw Field leads 
 through Potter's Woods down to the canal 
 and was the direct road to college when the 
 railway station was at the canal. 
 
 East of the Gymnasium is David Brown 
 Hall (J. L. Faxon, architect), a dormitory 
 erected by Mrs. David Brown in 1891 in 
 memory of her husband, and below this is 
 the group of dormitories formed by Cuyler 
 and Fatten, both dormitories, the former 
 (Day and Klauder, architects) built in 19 12 
 
The University yy 
 
 in memory of Cornelius C. Cuyler of the 
 Class of 1879, 3. trustee and devoted alum- 
 nus, and the latter (B. W. Morris, archi- 
 tect) built in 1906 in honor of Ex-President 
 Francis L. Patton. Several of the entries 
 in Cuyler were given by the classes of 1881, 
 1882 and 1891, and by individuals. The 
 entries in Patton were given by the ten 
 classes from 1892 to 1901 inclusive, these 
 classes having entered college under Presi- 
 dent Patton. Brown, Cuyler and Patton 
 Halls were the barracks of the U. S. School 
 of Military Aeronautics maintained at 
 Princeton during the war. 
 
 Turning to the left and reaching the lower 
 end of Patton Hall, the University tennis 
 courts are found on the left and right. Im- 
 mediately below the tennis courts is Goldie 
 Field, named after George Goldie, for many 
 years Director of the Gymnasium. Beyond 
 this lies Foe Field, named in memory of 
 John Prentiss Poe of the Class of 1895, 
 killed in action in September 191 5 while 
 serving with the British Army in France. 
 These playing fields are provided for the 
 benefit of undergraduates not members of 
 
78 Guide to Princeton 
 
 university teams. During the war Poe 
 Field was the drill ground of the U. S. 
 School of Military- Aeronautics. The han- 
 gars erected for the "penguins" are now 
 used by the Field Artillery Unit of the R. 
 O. T. C. for part of its equipment. 
 
 Passing the tennis courts we now reach 
 Guyot Hall, erected in 1909 (Parrish and 
 Schroeder, architects) the headquarters of 
 the Natural Science departments of the Uni- 
 versity. The building is named for Arnold 
 Guyot, the eminent geographer and scien- 
 tist who was a professor at Princeton from 
 1854 to 1884 (see very interesting tablet 
 erected in his memory in Marquand 
 Chapel). The museums in Guyot Hall are 
 open daily. The building has a serviceable 
 floor space of about 85,000 square feet 
 (two acres) and contains over a hundred 
 rooms devoted to scientific work. During 
 the great war the building was given over al- 
 most entirely to the School of Military Aero- 
 nautics, the collections were stored and the 
 space was used for the lecture and experi- 
 mental work of the ground school. The 
 Vivarium with large concrete aquaria for 
 
The University 79 
 
 sea and fresh water is in a separate nearby 
 building. Adjoining are flying cages, run- 
 ways, greenhouses, and a biological pond 
 for studying animals under natural condi- 
 tions. 
 
 Passing on to Washington Road a view of 
 Palmer Stadium (H. J. Hardenburgh, 
 architect) across the road is obtained, pre- 
 sented by Mr. Edgar Palmer, Class of 1903, 
 in memory of his father, Stephen S. Palmer, 
 the donor of Palmer Physical Laboratory, 
 and for some years a Trustee of the Univer- 
 sity. The Stadium holds over 42,000 seats 
 and is used for the big football games and 
 track meets. The former Olden farmhouse 
 and homestead opposite the Stadium is now 
 the Nurses' Home, for the Infirmary staff. 
 The 19 II Football Team Field House 
 across the driveway from the Stadium, pre- 
 sented by Mr. Cyrus H. McCormick, Class 
 of 1879, as a memorial to the team of 191 1, 
 is used as a dressing room for the teams. 
 
 Following Washington Road to the right 
 and proceeding down the hill Lake Car- 
 negie is reached, the gift of Mr. Andrew 
 Carnegie, with the Class of 1887 Boat- 
 
8o Guide to Princeton 
 
 house (P. Satterthwaite '93, architect) pre- 
 sented by that Class. The lake and boat- 
 house form the headquarters of the Univer- 
 sity Rowing Association. The lake was 
 formed by excavating and enlarging Stony 
 Brook and the Millstone River which flowed 
 through the lowland. It extends some three 
 and three-quarters miles to Kingston. 
 
 A pleasant walk along the wooded bank of 
 the lake brings one to Broadmead (the first 
 turn to the left) which after passing through 
 a group of half-timbered houses occupied 
 by members of the Faculty, and crossing 
 Prospect Avenue, becomes Princeton Ave- 
 nue and ends at Nassau Street. 
 
 If this walk is not followed, return up 
 Washington Road when the Isabella Mc- 
 Cosh Infirmary will be passed just above 
 Guyot Hall. This is the University hospital 
 and is named after the wife of President 
 McCosh. Above the Infirmary is the Pal- 
 mer Physical Laboratory (H. J. Harden- 
 burgh, architect), presented by Mr. Stephen 
 S. Palmer, a Trustee of the University, and 
 erected in 1908. The statues (by D. C. 
 French) over the entrance are of Professor 
 
The University 8i 
 
 Joseph Henry whose most conspicuous work 
 in physics was done at Princeton, and of 
 Benjamin FrankHn. This laboratory con- 
 tains an area of about two acres on three 
 floors for the work of instruction and re- 
 search, and has an exceptionally complete 
 equipment. Some of Professor Henry's ap- 
 paratus may be seen in the Museum. 
 
 Opposite the Palmer Laboratory the first 
 house is the Princeton home of Jesse Lynch 
 Williams of the Class of 1892, the well 
 known author and playwright, next to which 
 is the Terrace Club, one of the upperclass 
 clubs of the University. 
 
 Further on at the top of the hill and op- 
 posite the end of Prospect Avenue is Sev- 
 enty-Nine Hall (B. W. Morris, archi- 
 tect) the only dormitory on this side of the 
 campus. It was presented by the Class of 
 1879 on the twenty-fifth anniversary of its 
 graduation. The Bartholdi lions on the steps 
 formerly stood on the steps of Nassau Hall, 
 and were removed to Seventy-Nine when the 
 Proctor Tigers were presented. The marble 
 benches on the campus side of the arch are 
 in memory of Charles McFee, Class of 1879. 
 
82 Guide to Princeton 
 
 The monkey and tiger grotesques on Sev- 
 enty-Nine are by Gutzon Borglum. 
 
 Prospect Avenue which is at right an- 
 gles to Seventy-Nine is the club street. On 
 the left is the Working Observatory, used 
 for the Department of Astronomy, but with 
 the exception of this and a few private 
 residences on the lower right hand side, the 
 street contains only upperclass clubs. The 
 list of these is : on the right. Campus, Tow- 
 er, Cannon, Quadrangle, Ivy, Cottage, Cap 
 and Gown, Charter, Key and Seal, Cloister 
 Inn ; on the left, Gateway, Dial Lodge, Co- 
 lonial, Tiger Inn, Elm. 
 
 The Osborn Field House (gift of Pro- 
 fessor Henry F. Osborn, Class of 1877) on 
 the corner of Prospect Avenue and Olden 
 Street is used as a training house for ath- 
 letic teams. Behind it is the University 
 Field where all baseball games and espe- 
 cially the Yale Game at Commencement are 
 played. The Ferris Thompson Gateway 
 and Wall (McKim, Mead and \Miite, ar- 
 chitects) on Prospect Avenue were pre- 
 sented by Mr. Ferris Thompson, Class of 
 1888. 
 
The University 83 
 
 Proceeding along Olden Street turn up 
 William Street (first to left) passing the 
 Princeton University Press (founded in 
 the interest of the University by Mr. Charles 
 Scribner, Class of 1875 (Ernest Flagg, ar- 
 chitect) and maintained as a printing and 
 publishing plant. It was incorporated as 
 an ''association not for pecuniary profit," 
 and its affairs are directed by a council of 
 which no one may be a member *'who is not 
 a Trustee, Professor or Graduate of Prince- 
 ton University." Crossing Washington 
 Road at the top of William Street and going 
 on to the campus, to the left will be seen the 
 long line of McCosh Hall, erected in 1907 
 (R. C. Gildersleeve, architect) and devoted 
 entirely to lecture and recitation rooms and 
 composing at present one side and part of 
 another side of a contemplated quadrangle. 
 The grotesques, gargoyles and other carving 
 will repay examination. 
 
 The Mather Sun Dial in the court of 
 McCosh Hall, a replica of the famous Turn- 
 bull Sun Dial constructed in 1551 at Corpus 
 Christi College, Oxford, was presented to 
 Princeton by Sir William Mather of Lon- 
 
84 Guide to Princeton 
 
 don (Hon. LL.D. 1905) to "symbolize the 
 connection not only between Oxford and 
 Princeton, but between Great Britain and 
 America." The unveiling and presentation 
 in 1907 were made on behalf of the donor 
 by the British Ambassador, now Viscount 
 Bryce. The monument has twenty-four 
 dials in all. The square block supported by 
 the shaft bears the arms of Bishop Fox, 
 founder of Corpus Christi, Bishop Oldham 
 (three owls), the University of Oxford, and 
 the Royal Arms. It carries nineteen dials, 
 seven in the escutcheon on the west face and 
 nine in that on the east. Under the escutch- 
 eons are vertical dials reading the hours and 
 also indicating the months. The dial on the 
 south face will not read during the summer 
 owing to the sun's greater altitude at Prince- 
 ton, causing the shadow of the point to fall 
 outside the limits of the dial; but the east 
 and west dials will read all the year round. 
 The north face in the Turnbull dial has 
 been lost and the few ornamental lines re- 
 maining have been reproduced in the Prince- 
 ton replica. In the cornice above the es- 
 cutcheons are four mottoes, one on each 
 
The University 85 
 
 side. Above the cornice is a pyramidal block 
 containing four dials (north and south, dials 
 with ornamental angular gnomons; east, 
 heart-shaped hollowed dial, the shadow be- 
 ing thrown by a tongue of stone ; west, semi- 
 spherical hollowed dial, the gnomon being a 
 rod). The frustrum supports a globe rep- 
 resenting the earth on which stands a Peli- 
 can, the symbol of Corpus Christi (the peli- 
 can in legend piercing its own breast to 
 feed the young with its blood). The stone 
 is cut away leaving six bands (equatorial, 
 north polar, south polar, zodiacal, and two 
 others), raised above the solid core. The 
 shaft bears one dial on the south side of its 
 upper part, with an angular gnomon, the 
 shadow telling the hour and its extremity the 
 month. 
 
 The tablets on the shaft have no connec- 
 tion with the dialling, that under the dial on 
 the shaft being a perpetual calendar and 
 giving the length of the year of various 
 planets, and also certain lunar data. 
 
 Princeton undergraduate custom permits 
 only seniors to sit on the base of the dial. 
 
 Passing through the arch in the corner of 
 
86 Guide to Princeton 
 
 the court (note tablet in memory of Hunt- 
 ington Wolcott Jackson, of the Class of 
 1863, erected by the Loyal Legion) we enter 
 McCosh Walk, named also for the late 
 President McCosh. The Walk forms part 
 of the axis dividing the older northern por- 
 tion of the campus from the newer southern 
 part. Its continuation west leads directly to 
 the Tiger Gateway between Blair and Little 
 Halls, already mentioned. At the end of 
 McCosh Walk is Murray-Dodge Hall, the 
 college Y. M. C. A. This building, the older 
 portion of which, containing the auditorium, 
 was erected in 1879 from a bequest of Ham- 
 ilton Murray, Class of 1872, while the new- 
 er portion contains the lounge, various class 
 and office rooms and apartments of the resi- 
 dent secretary, was the gift of William E. 
 Dodge and his son Cleveland H. Dodge, 
 Class of 1879, in memory of W. Earl Dodge 
 of the same class. It is the headquarters 
 of the Philadelphian Society whose history 
 dates back to the first quarter of the 19th 
 century. From this society have grown the 
 Intercollegiate Y. M. C. A., The Student 
 Volunteer Movement, and the World's 
 
The University 87 
 
 Christian Students' Federation. The sta- 
 tue of the Christian Athlete facing 
 Murray-Dodge commemorates the founding 
 of the movement, and is in particular mem- 
 ory of WilUam Earl Dodge, Jr., Class of 
 1879 (note the inscriptions). To the left 
 and rear of Murray-Dodge is the Art Mu- 
 seum, architecturally unfinished. The Mu- 
 seum is the headquarters of the Art Depart- 
 ment of the University and besides a large 
 library of books, photographs and slides il- 
 lustrating the history of art, contains several 
 collections of value and interest, especially 
 the very representative Trumbull-Prime and 
 the Livingston Collections of pottery, the 
 Morse Collection of Japanese natsukes, and 
 the Kienbusch Collection of Japanese sword 
 hilts. Notice also the portrait of Colonel 
 Aaron Burr, Class of 1772, believed to be 
 by Gilbert Stuart; a replica of the bronze 
 bust of Lincoln by L. W. Volk ; the original 
 plaster cast of the bronze statue of Richard 
 Stockton, Class of 1748, Signer of the Dec- 
 laration, by H. K. Brown in the Capitol at 
 Washington, and a cast of the bronze relief 
 of Jonathan Edwards, at Northampton, 
 
88 Guide to Princeton 
 
 Mass. ; and the important squeezes and other 
 results of the Princeton Expeditions to Sy- 
 ria, besides collections of Greek and Roman 
 coins, gems and glass, and specimens of 
 Greek and Roman marble. 
 
 Returning to Murray Dodge, at the right 
 is Marquand Chapel (R. M. Hunt, archi- 
 tect), in which the University chapel exer- 
 cises are held. The chapel was the gift of 
 Henry G. Marquand and was built in 1881. 
 The mural decorations are the Augustus St. 
 Gaudens heroic bronze high relief of the late 
 President McCosh, erected by the Class of 
 1879, a low relief memorial tablet in marble 
 to Professor Joseph Henry by Louis St. 
 Gaudens, a bronze relief of Professor Ar- 
 nold Guyot by Olin Warren, set in a frag- 
 ment of a glacial boulder, the rest of which 
 lies by the steps of Nassau Hall, a marble 
 medallion portrait tablet to the Rev. James 
 O. Murray, first dean of the University, and 
 three bronze tablets, one to the Faculty of 
 the early sixties, one in memory of Dr. 
 George Y. Taylor, of the Class of 1882, and 
 Dr. Cortlandt V. R. Hodge, of the Class of 
 1893, niedical missionaries killed in the Box- 
 
The University 89 
 
 er Rebellion in China, and one to Daniel M. 
 Rogers, of the Class of 1903, massacred in 
 Turkey. The south and north windows by 
 Lathrop are in memory of Frederick A. 
 Marquand of the Class of 1876, and William 
 Earl Dodge, of the Class of 1879, respective- 
 ly. The west window by Tiffany is in mem- 
 ory of Horatio W. Garrett, of the Class of 
 1895. A temporary memorial panel bearing 
 the names of Princeton men who lost their 
 lives in the war is placed in the vestibule. 
 
 To the left of the Chapel is the entrance 
 gateway to Prospect, the official residence 
 of the President of the University, a large 
 and stately stone house with beautiful out- 
 look over an Italian garden and a wide ex- 
 panse of meadows and woods, with a view 
 of the Highlands of the Navesink in the dis- 
 tance. The house was built in 1849 by 
 Thomas F. Potter, a resident of Princeton, 
 on the site of the i8th century farmhouse 
 of Colonel George Morgan, gentleman farm- 
 er, Indian agent and pioneer western ex- 
 plorer. Colonel Morgan was a scientific 
 farmer whose estate was famous in his day, 
 bringing him into association with Wash- 
 
90 Guide to Princeton 
 
 ington, Franklin, and many other promi- 
 nent men of the time. Young elms from 
 his gardens were used in the planting of 
 Independence Square at Philadelphia in 
 1785 ; he was a frequent contributor to agri- 
 cultural journals, and was awarded a gold 
 medal by the Philadelphia Society for Pro- 
 moting Agriculture, the first to be given in 
 America. Some of his 'Trospect" account 
 books are in the University Library. His 
 friendly relations with the Delaware tribe 
 of Indians are of record; family tradition 
 states that it was at Prospect that he re- 
 ceived in 1776 from the Delawares the title 
 of Taimenend or Tamany, the name of their 
 patron saint. In 1779 a delegation of ten 
 Delaware chieftains visited him bringing to 
 Princeton three boys to be educated at the 
 college at government expense, and setting 
 up their wigwams on the "Prospect" lawns. 
 In 1 781 some 2000 mutinous soldiers of the 
 Pennsylvania Line, holding captive their 
 general, Anthony Wayne, reached Princeton 
 on their way to Philadelphia, and pitched 
 camp at ''Prospect." After Lafayette and 
 others had failed to settle their grievances 
 
The University 91 
 
 a Congressional committee headed by Presi- 
 dent Joseph Reed of Pennsylvania and Dr. 
 Witherspoon, President of Princeton, suc- 
 ceeded in arranging matters. In 1783 the 
 Princeton sessions of the Continental Con- 
 gress were held at "Prospect" until the visi- 
 tors moved to Nassau Hall. The room where 
 Congress sat at 'Trospect" was thereafter 
 known as "the Congress Room." In 1794 
 troops on their way to put down the Whis- 
 key Insurrection were quartered at "Pros 
 pect." An account of the estate may be 
 found in the Princeton University Bulletin 
 for June 1904. 
 
 North of the chapel stands the Joseph 
 Henry House, the official residence of the 
 Dean of the College. This house was built 
 for Professor Joseph Henry (see tablet in 
 Chapel) in 1837 ^^^ originally stood on 
 the opposite side of the campus, where Re- 
 union Plall is located. It was to this house 
 that Professor Henry used to send tele- 
 graph messages from his classroom in the 
 old Philosophical Hall, as already stated. 
 The former name of the roadway on which 
 the chapel and the Henry House now stands 
 
92 Guide to Princeton 
 
 was College Lane forming the entrance to 
 "Prospect." 
 
 North of the Henry House is Dickinson 
 Hall, used entirely for lectures and recita- 
 tions, erected during the beginning of Presi- 
 dent McCosh's administration as one of the 
 greatest needs of the institution, and named 
 after the first president. The top floor con- 
 sists of one large room called Examination 
 Hall. 
 
 East of Dickinson is the Class of 1877 
 Laboratory at present used by the Depart- 
 ment of Chemistry as a laboratory for or- 
 ganic chemistry, but given by the Class of 
 1877 in 1888 as a biological laboratory. 
 
 Still further east is the John C. Green 
 School of Science building erected in 
 1873 by the John C. Green Estate and de- 
 voted entirely to the Department of Civil 
 Engineering. Across Washington Road 
 from the School of Science building is the 
 Chemical Laboratory, built in 1891, also 
 by the John C. Green Estate. 
 
 Returning past Dickinson Hall the Uni- 
 versity Library is reached, composed of 
 two buildings united by an entrance hall 
 
The University 93 
 
 containing the delivery desk and the card 
 catalogues. The building to the right on en- 
 tering is the Chancellor Green Library, 
 built by John C. Green in 1873, in memory 
 of Chancellor Henry Woodhull Green 
 (Class of 1820) of New Jersey, and the first 
 separate library building owned by the Uni- 
 versity. It is now the main reading room 
 of the library and contains some 30,000 ref- 
 erence books and periodicals. The marble 
 busts (beginning with the right) are Presi- 
 dent Witherspoon (presented by the Class 
 of 1876), President McCosh (presented by 
 the Class of 1873), John C. Green, brother 
 of the Chancellor, founder of the John C. 
 Green School of Science, and benefactor of 
 the University, President Maclean, Class of 
 1816 (by Calverley), and Charles Hodge, 
 Class of 181 5. Behind the staircase lead- 
 ing to the gallery is the Charles E. Green 
 Memorial Alcove, in memory of Charles 
 E. Green, of the Class of i860, son of the 
 Chancellor and a trustee of the University 
 for many years and, as administrator of 
 the John C. Green Estate, one of the Uni- 
 versity's most generous and consistent bene- 
 
94 Guide to Princeton 
 
 factors. The Trustees' Room at the west 
 end of the Chancellor Green Library is the 
 meeting room of the Board of Triistees. 
 The oak panellings and decorations (Ralph 
 Adams Cram, architect) are a further me- 
 morial of John C. and Charles E. Green. 
 
 The portion of the building south of the 
 Chancellor Green Library is the Pyne Li- 
 brary Building in form of a hollow square 
 (W. A. Potter, architect), erected by the late 
 Mrs. Percy Rivington Pyne as a sesqui- 
 centennial gift, and containing the main 
 collection housed in two stack buildings, 
 administration and cataloguing rooms, bind- 
 ery, photostat rooms, seminary rooms for 
 research, special reading rooms for History 
 and Political Science and for Economics, 
 and the Exhibition Room. Portions of 
 the twenty-six special collections of books 
 and manuscripts owned by the Univer- 
 sity Library may be seen in the Exhibi- 
 tion Room. A complete list is to be found 
 in the University Catalogue. Mention may 
 be made of the Morgan Collection of 
 Virgils (670 volumes, chiefly prior to the 
 i8th century), presented by J. S. Morgan, 
 
The University 95 
 
 of the Class of 1888, and containing all the 
 rarest editions with scores of individual 
 copies of extraordinary association interest; 
 the Autograph Manuscript Collection 
 (8,000 documents) relating chiefly to the 
 history of the University; the Garrett and 
 the Lytic European War Collections; 
 the Collection of Cuneiform Documents 
 (1,100 items) ; the Patterson Collection 
 of rare and choicely bound books, chiefly 
 editions of Horace (1,000 volumes); the 
 Hutton Memorial Collection (over 800 
 association books, autographed portraits, 
 paintings, letters, playbills, etc.) from the 
 library of the late Laurence Hutton; and 
 the extremely remarkable Meirs Collec- 
 tion of Cruikshankiana, presented by 
 Mr. R. W. Meirs of the Class of 1888. This 
 collection is probably the most complete 
 of its kind, containing about 900 volumes of 
 Cruikshankiana, with nearly 700 broadsides, 
 original drawings, paintings, and autograph 
 letters by or relating to the artist, George 
 Cruikshank. In an alcove of the Exhibition 
 Room is the unique Hutton Collection 
 of Deathmasks — over 80 masks (life and 
 
96 Guide to Princeton 
 
 death) presented by Mr. Laurence Hutton, 
 and described in his volume Portraits in 
 Plaster, which gives in detail the curious 
 history of this largest single collection of its 
 kind in existence. Other unusual collec- 
 tions, kept in separate alcoves elsewhere in 
 the building, are the Princeton Univer- 
 sity Collection (8,000 volumes of Prince- 
 toniana, relating to the history of the 
 University or written by and about alumni 
 and officers of the University, including the 
 large collection presented by Col. William 
 Libbey, Class of 1877) ; the Garrett Col- 
 lection of Oriental Manuscripts (2,400 
 in number) chiefly in Arabic but in- 
 cluding some 25 other languages ; the ex- 
 traordinary Pliny Fisk Statistical Li- 
 brary (5,400 volumes, 14,500 pamphlets, 
 44,000 broadsides, etc., and several hundred 
 thousand clippings mounted and classified) ; 
 and the Pierson Civil War Collection 
 (6,700 volumes, 2,500 pamphlets and several 
 thousand clippings). The Benjamin 
 Strong European War Collection, con- 
 taining full sets of official publications, state 
 papers, pamphlets, proclamations, posters. 
 
The University 97 
 
 emergency currency and newspaper clip- 
 pings, all relating to the European War, is 
 distinctly exceptional and will be of inesti- 
 mable value in future years as historical ma- 
 terial on the war. The newspaper history 
 alone consists of over 90 enormous volumes. 
 Among the thousands of posters are the re- 
 cruiting posters of the Allies, and national 
 loan posters including the American Liberty 
 Loan posters. Scores of cities are repre- 
 sented among the sets of emergency cur- 
 rency, some of which was issued a few days 
 after the war broke out in August 1914. 
 The collection includes all kinds of printed 
 matter such as desk cards and envelope 
 "stickers." Much of the ephemeral material 
 is unique and cannot be duplicated. 
 
 The Library contains 400,000 volumes ex- 
 clusive of pamphlets. During the term it is 
 open on week days from 8 a. m. to 10 p. m., 
 and on Sundays from 12 m. to 5 p. m. In 
 vacation it is open from 9 a. m. to i p. m. 
 
 Leaving the Library by the west entrance, 
 the main quadrangle of the campus is 
 reached, formed by the Library, the marble 
 Halls, West College and the rear of Nas- 
 
98 Guide to Princeton 
 
 sau Hall. Note the Library Tower, and the 
 statues over the arch, above and front, 
 James Madison, Class of 1771, President 
 of the United States, and at the side Oliver 
 Ellsworth, Class of 1766, Chief Justice of 
 the United States; below are Presidents 
 Witherspoon (left) and McCosh (right). 
 On the tower is a large sun dial with the 
 motto "Pereunt et imputantur." 
 
 In the arch is a bronze tablet to the mem- 
 ory of Algernon B. Roberts, of the Class of 
 
 1896, and at the corner of the south wall a 
 tablet to the memory of George K. Edwards, 
 Class of 1889, *'a loyal son of Princeton," 
 whose undergraduate room in East College, 
 where he died during Commencement in 
 
 1897, w^s approximately on this spot. 
 The Big Cannon mentioned earlier, and in 
 
 the center of the quadrangle, is a Revolu- 
 tionary relic which after lying on the cam- 
 pus for many years was taken to New 
 Brunswick during the War of 1812 to de- 
 fend the city from an expected enemy at- 
 tack. It remained there until 1836 when it 
 was brought back to Princeton by under- 
 graduates for a Fourth of July celebration ; 
 
The University 99 
 
 it was planted in its present position in 1838. 
 Around it are held the Cannon Exercises of 
 Commencement Week, championship bon- 
 fires and other celebrations. It also was the 
 scene formerly of the freshman and sopho- 
 more "Cannon Rush." 
 
 The Little Cannon between the two 
 Halls, and behind the Franklin Murphy 
 Flagstaff (given by Franklin Murphy, Jr., 
 Class of 1895) is also Revolutionary and for 
 many years was used as a corner post on 
 Nassau Street. Removed to the campus it 
 was the cause of the "Cannon War" with 
 Rutgers College in 1875 when it was taken 
 from Princeton to New Brunswick by Rut- 
 gers students under the mistaken impression 
 that it was a lost cannon belonging to that 
 city. After a retaliatory raid by Princeton 
 students the respective faculties of the two 
 institutions appointed a joint committee 
 which settled the question amicably and 
 finally. Behind the Little Cannon has been 
 placed a German field-piece captured at 
 Chateau Thierry, France, in which sector 
 during the European War Princetonians 
 were especially conspicuous. 
 
lOO Guide to Princeton 
 
 West College, a dormitory built in 1836, 
 is the duplicate of East College which stood 
 on the opposite side of the quadrangle until 
 removed in 1896 to make room for the new 
 library building. 
 
 The present marble buildings of The 
 Halls (east, the American Whig Society; 
 west, the Cliosophic Society) date from 
 1893 being erected on the sites of the wood- 
 en structures similar in appearance built in 
 the end of the thirties. Previously, the 
 Societies occupied rooms in Nassau Hall, 
 Stanhope Hall and Philosophical Hall. 
 They are the oldest college literary socie- 
 ties in America having had a continuous his- 
 tory of more than 150 years. Founded be- 
 fore the Revolution (about 1765) as the 
 Well-Meaning and the Plain Dealing So- 
 cieties, the latter in 1769 assumed the name, 
 the American Whig Society, and in 1770 
 the Well-Meaning Society took the name of 
 the Cliosophic Society. They were secret 
 literary societies but with far wider scope 
 than the Greek fraternities which were ban- 
 ished from Princeton. Until recent years 
 they exerted a most important influence on 
 
The University loi 
 
 the campus being the center of college rival- 
 ries and loyalties until the extraordinary 
 growth and organization of undergraduate 
 extra-curriculum activities overshadowed 
 their purely literary and forensic purposes. 
 The buildings contain libraries, auditoriums, 
 reading rooms, and recreation rooms and the 
 societies maintain numerous prize contests, 
 and regular courses in composition, debating, 
 and oratory, on the completion of which di- 
 plomas are awarded. Older graduates of 
 Princeton have considered the training of 
 the Halls the most valuable part of their col- 
 lege experience. Among the founders of 
 CHo Hall were William Paterson, Oliver 
 Ellsworth, and Luther Martin ; among those 
 of Whig Hall were James Madison, Hugh 
 Brackenridge and Philip Freneau. See 
 Charles R. Williams, The Cliosophic So- 
 ciety, published at the sesquicentennial of 
 of the founding of the Society, for a record 
 of Clio Hall. 
 
 The Graduate College. The easiest ap- 
 proach to the Graduate College is by way 
 of University Place, Dickinson Street, Alex- 
 ander Street, and the driveway skirting the 
 
102 Guide to Princeton 
 
 campus of the Princeton Theological Semi- 
 nary on the south. The group of buildings 
 will be seen on reaching the edge of the 
 University Golf Links. The Class of 1886 
 Golf Club House is passed on the left 
 (presented by the Class for the use of the 
 University Golf Club and containing the 
 usual conveniences, with dormitory and 
 kitchen facilities for members of the Class 
 at their reunions). 
 
 The Graduate College (R. A. Cram, 
 architect) stands on part of the Revolution- 
 ary battlefield where the closing engagement 
 of January 3, 1777, occurred. The retreat 
 of the British followed in general the direc- 
 tion toward their base in Nassau Hall which 
 the visitor has just followed in the reverse 
 order, with the diflference, to be noted, that 
 at the time of the battle this whole region 
 was farm land and open country. 
 
 Visitors may obtain a guide at the Por- 
 ter's Lodge, in the main entrance. The 
 Graduate College group of buildings is 
 formed around a central quadrangle called 
 Thomson College (named for U. S. Sen- 
 ator John R. Thomson, by his widow Mrs. 
 
The University 103 
 
 Jo'sephine Thomson Swann of Princeton, 
 part of whose estate was left by her to the 
 Graduate College). The student residential 
 and social rooms, and the kitchen and ser- 
 vice quarters are in this portion of the 
 group. Adjoining the main college gate is 
 the Cleveland Tower, 40 feet square and 
 173 feet high, with a memorial chamber in 
 its base where it is hoped a statue of Presi- 
 dent Cleveland may be placed. On the 
 arch is the inscription : 'Tn remembrance 
 of Grover Cleveland, President of the 
 United States. Public office is a public 
 trust." The tower was erected in 1912 by 
 public subscriptions of the people of the 
 United States as a memorial of Mr. Cleve- 
 land. At the time of his death he was a 
 resident of Princeton, a trustee of the Uni- 
 versity, and as chairman of the Trustees' 
 Committee on the Graduate School was 
 deeply interested in the planning and erec- 
 tion of the Graduate College. There is a 
 curious echo in the memorial chamber. A 
 turret stair leads to the top of the tower, 
 from which the finest view in Princeton is 
 obtained. 
 
104 Guide to Princeton 
 
 At the southwest corner of Thomson 
 quadrangle is the Pyne Tower (named for 
 the donor, Mr. M. Taylor Pyne, of the 
 Class of 1877) which contains besides the 
 apartment of the Master in residence the 
 vestibule connecting the Common Room 
 with Procter Hall, the dining hall and 
 chief public room of the Graduate Col- 
 lege. This hall was erected by William 
 Cooper Procter, Class of 1883, as a memo- 
 rial to his parents. It is 36 by 108 feet. 
 The great western Memorial Window 
 over the high table is the co-labor of Mr. 
 and Mrs. William Willet, the artists of the 
 chancel window of the West Point Chapel. 
 The window represents the Light of the 
 World illuminating the Seven Liberal Arts 
 of Christian Learning. In the predella, or 
 lower part, of the window, is the Child Jesus 
 in the Temple, surrounded by members of 
 the Sanhedrin, among whom may be noticed 
 Nicodemus on his left, Joseph of Arimathea 
 on his right, with the long beard, and Ga- 
 maliel studying a scroll of the law. Above 
 the predella is the Latin text: ''Qui ad 
 jiistitiam enidiunt multos quasi stellae in 
 
The University 105 
 
 perpetuas aeternitates' (They that instruct 
 many in righteousness shall shine as the 
 stars for ever and ever). 
 
 The seven lancet windows above the pre- 
 della contain the figures of Seven Liberal 
 Arts — Dialectica (or Logic) in the center, 
 on the right Rhetorica, Astronomica, Musi- 
 ca; on the left Grammatica, Geometrica, 
 Arithmetica. At the base of each lancet is 
 emblazoned a shield with a device appro- 
 priate to the Art symbolized above it. The 
 traceries above the lancets are filled with 
 stars in a deep blue night sky. Cut in the 
 stone below the window is the Latin text: 
 "Nee vocemini magistri quia magister v es- 
 ter unus est Christus" (And call not your- 
 selves masters, for One is your Master — 
 even Christ). 
 
 The manner of treatment is the medie- 
 val, the artists having looked to the 14th cen- 
 tury for their inspiration; only pure colors 
 (about eight in number) are used; and 
 these have been superimposed on one an- 
 other without paints or enamels; the glass 
 is blown, and the coloring imperishable. 
 The window at sunset is unforgettable. 
 
io6 Guide to Princeton 
 
 The carving over the fireplace in Procter 
 Hall is intricate and curious. Hidden in 
 the foliage of the oaktree may be found 
 lizards, squirrels, caterpillars, butterflies, a 
 rabbit, etc., and a tiger. The portraits in 
 the Hall are the gift of Mr. Thomas S. 
 Clarke, Class of 1882, and the great organ 
 in the gallery is the gift of Mr. Henry C. 
 Frick. The carved beams and rafters of the 
 roof are of oak, chiefly from old ship tim- 
 bers. The panelling and screen are also 
 oak and repay close study. 
 
 Wyman House, the residence of the 
 Dean of the Graduate School, adjoins Proc- 
 ter Hall. Over the mantel in the Dean's 
 library are hung the flint-lock musket, pow- 
 der horn and sword carried in the Battle of 
 Princeton by the father of Mr. Isaac C. 
 Wyman, Class of 1848, who bequeathed 
 his estate to the Graduate College. The 
 sword and musket were carried in the 
 French and Indian War by Mr. Wyman's 
 grandfather. 
 
 The Dean's Garden, under the shadow of 
 the great tower, contains ivies from Haddon 
 Hall, England, from the Martin Luther 
 
The University 107 
 
 House at Wittenberg, and from Bemerton, 
 the home of George Herbert. Set in the 
 garden wall are window arches from Uni- 
 versity College, Oxford, of which Shelley 
 was a member, and window bases from 
 Christ's College, Cambridge, Milton's col- 
 lege, given by the Master of Christ's, Vice- 
 Chancellor Shipley. 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
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