Class _^^ Ir<5f 
 Book__jSs_S3__ 
 
 SMITHSONIAN DEPOSIT 
 
FIFTH THOUSAND. 
 
 PLEASE READ AND CIRCULATE! 
 
 LAKE SUPERIOR. 
 
 SAB.lv RISTOB.V, 
 
 SITUATXOZr, KAB.BOB., ^C. 
 
 OCEAN COlMCnXISXlCB, • 
 
 »XX»rERAZi 6c A^S^KICVLTUXLAL BESOVRCES, ' 
 RAIL B.OADS, STAGE ROADS, 6t.C. 
 
 IiUIKEBER, rXSKERZES, 6cC. 
 OLZMASE or ItAHE SVFERXOR, 
 rRE-£»fZFTXOIff LANDS, 
 
 XNVZTATXON TO SETTLERS. 
 
 AN ACCOUNT OF A PLEAStRE TOIB TO LAKE SITERIOR, 
 
 Its Climate, Scenery, Pictured Rocks, Sailing Days of the 
 Steamboats, Fare, &c. *^ 
 
 L 
 
 MAY, 1858. » 
 
 >dgenta wanted, address Bayfield',Jfo. 13 Waihington Buildings, ddSt., Philada 
 
 )0 
 
 I 
 
 fS^^f:ii}6^' 
 
 
 • ~^V;t 
 
 \ 
 
1858. THIRD EDITION.-THE THIRD THOUSAND. 1858. 
 %Vl!«i:0.\.^li\, Ai^D IT* UESOUKCES, 
 
 WITH 
 
 lAKE SUPERIOR, ITS COVIMERCE AND NAVIGATION. 
 
 Including a trip up the Mississippi, and a canoe voyage on the St. 
 Croix and Brule rivers to I^ke Superior : to which are appended, the 
 Constitution of the State, witli the Routes of tlie Principal Railroads, 
 List' of Newspapers Post Offices, ^Pre-emption Law, Affidavits, etc. 
 With Illustrations and an autlieii^ic iMap of Wisconsin, and the old 
 French Jesuit Map of Lake Superior; also, a new Map of Lake Su- 
 perior, showing the mineral regions, new towns, routes of steamboats 
 on the Lake, etc., etc. 
 
 BY JAMES S. RITCHIE. 
 1 vol. 12 nio. cloth, gilt, f I 25. 
 
 CHARLES DESILVER, Publisher, 
 1 No. 71-4 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, 
 
 li:;/^ Copies sent by mail, free, on receipt of the price, $1 25. 
 
 For sale by 
 
 Philada., J. B. Lippincott & Co. 
 " T. B. Peterson & Bros 
 Boston, Ticknor & Fields. 
 
 « J. P. Dutton & Co. 
 New York, Ivi.son k Phinney. 
 " Fowler & WeWs. 
 
 « J), Appleton & Co. 
 
 Milwaukie, A. Whiteiuore k Co. 
 «' J. B. Hagets. 
 
 Also for sale by Bookseller? and Agents everywhere 
 
 Cleveland, J. B. Cobb & Co. 
 Detroit, M. Allen & Son. 
 Buffalo, Phinney & Co. 
 
 " Tiieo. Hutler. 
 St. Pajil, Combs cS: Brother. 
 Pittsburg, J. 11. Weldin. 
 VV. B. Keen, No. 148 Lake St., 
 
 Chicago. 
 
 [ISTo. TOO Cliestniit St. above Seventli, 
 
 A. F. GLASS. 
 
 BAYFIELD HOTEL, 
 
 BAYflJELD, LAKE SUPERIOR, 
 
 Is a first-class Hotel. Every attention given to thoi comfort of guests. 
 [\y^ Pleasure yachts and teams for the accommodation of visitors, 
 etc. 
 
 JOSEPH McCLOUD, 
 BAYFIELD, .WLSCOi^S$liV 
 
J 
 
 THE EARLY HISTORY 
 
 BAYFIELD, LAKE SUPERIOR. 
 
 There is no one subject which presents to the antiquarian and the 
 scholar a finer field for investigation than the early discovery and 
 settlement of that portion of our country bordering on the great lakes. 
 This region was partially explored by French missionaries and voya- 
 geurs from Canada, several years before the Englisli cfivaliers landed 
 on Virginia soil, and many years before the arrival of the Pilgrim 
 Fathers on the rock at Plymouth. It was not the thirst of Sordid 
 gain that influenced the first white man who looked down into the 
 clear waters of Lake Superior, or who gazed with awe upon the mighty 
 Mississippi, rolling down its turbid flood from the unknown wilds 
 above. The spirit of religious enthusiasm explored the basin of the 
 great lakes and the valley of the Mississippi. To the society of 
 Jesus was given the task of civilizing and christianizing the red men 
 of the north-west. From Quebec they ascended the Ottawa, and 
 crossing the chain of small lakes, they preached the word of God in 
 the hovels of the Algonquins on the Bays of Huron. They sailed 
 among the islands of the Manitouline Archipelago, and at Saut. St. 
 Marie, at the outlet of Superior ; entering that vast inland sea, they 
 settled at Bayfield, and at La Pointe, three miles distant, and pene- 
 trated to the furthest extremity, where the St. Louis, white with the 
 foam of its cataracts, enters the lake amid groves of pine. The vene- 
 rable fathers who undertook this great and pious work, looked to no 
 human praise for their reward, to no human sympathy for their toil or 
 suffering. Kissing the symbol of their faith, and with the *' Te Deum 
 laudamus" issuing from their parched lips, they laid down their lives 
 in the wilderness — their requiem the crackling of the fagots, their 
 funeral anthem the war-whoop of the Indian. No where in the States 
 have there been enacted more stirring scenes than in the pioneer set- 
 tlements of Lake Superior. If all these events could be written — 
 the journeyings into the wilderness, the hand to hand struggle with 
 hardship and want, the years of toil, the stern and lofty heroism, in 
 strifes where no world looked on to applaud — would produce a history 
 whose pages would outshine the greatest work of fiction that the 
 imagination could possibly produce. 
 
 SITUATION OF BAYFIELD. 
 
 If one were to point out on the map of North America, a site for a 
 great commercial city, it would be in the immediate vicinity of the 
 "Apostles' Isles." A city so located would have the command of the 
 mineral trade, the fisheries, and the lumber of the entire North. It 
 would become the metropolis of a great commercial empire. Bayfield 
 is situated on the southern shore of Lake Superior, in La Pointe coun- 
 ty, Wisconsin, about eighty miles cast of the town of Superior and 
 directly opposite La Pointe on Madaline Island, from which it is sep»- 
 
 'Z'dJ 
 
rated by a channel two miles wide witli an average depth of water of 
 about sixty feet. This channel is so enclosed by the group of islands, 
 known as Apostles' Islands, that it is protected against wiuds from 
 any and all directions. The channels of entrance into the Bay are 
 wide and deep, making it one of the safest and most commodious 
 natural harbors in the world. Its geographical position for commer- 
 cial advantages, as will be seen by reference to a map of the surround- 
 ing country, is equalled by few and excelled by none of the most 
 favored localities in the north-west. 
 
 '• The contiguous country, for some twenty miles west and south-west, 
 is hilly, hut not generally precipitous, the soil is good, and heavily 
 timbered with the white and Xorway pine, white birch, balsam, sugar 
 maple, soft maple, basswood and oak. Thence, ' the country spreads 
 out into beautifully undulating oak and pine openings,' of excellent 
 soil, extending to the rich valleys of the St. Croix and Chippeway 
 rivers, and almost entirely free from swamps, rendering the opening 
 of roads to the St. Croix and Mississippi settlements easy to be accom- 
 plished. 
 
 "The surface upon which the town of Bayfield is laid out is most 
 admirably adapted to health, convenience and beauty. That portion 
 of the plot south of Washington avenue and east of Fourth street is 
 level and dry bottom land. From this area the surface rises gently in 
 north-westerly, westerly and south-westerly directions to the confines of 
 the plot, from the higher portions of which numerous springs rise, 
 furnishing an abundant supply of excellent water. The grounds are 
 so laid out, that all the avenues and ten of the eighteen streets ter- 
 minate on the Bay. In short, the location need only be seen to be 
 admired." 
 
 The land was located and the town site selected by the lion. 
 Henry M. Rice, whose far-seeing sagacity, in such matters at least, is 
 acknowledged by all acquainted with him.* The town was laid out in 
 the spring of 185G. The proprietors have expended a large amount 
 of money in the building of two substantial piers, a large saw mill, 
 capable of cutting between two and throe million feet of lumber annu- 
 ally, a commodious hotel, and in opening a road to the St. Croix 
 river to the lumber region, which connects with other roads leading 
 to the Falls of St. Croix, St. Paul, etc. The buildings in the town 
 are generally larger and more substantial than in most of the new 
 towns on the Lake. During the past year a jNlcthodist church was 
 built, and it is in contemplation to erect an Episcopal and a Presby- 
 terian churcli this season. It is confidently anticipated that the 
 Presbyterian church will be built during the summer^ and that a minis- 
 ter of that denomination will reside here. 
 
 For the encouragement of settlers, the owners of Bayfield lots have 
 determined to sell them very low, to those only, however, who will 
 improve. This is the true policy, and by this means speculators, the 
 curse of every new country, are prevented from monopolizing property 
 
 • Senator Rice was one of the pioneers of St. Paul, and early predicted its 
 rapid growth; ho now predicts that Bayfield has quite as bright a future as St, 
 Pivul. 
 
3 
 
 to the detriment of the interests of the town. The contemplated be- 
 ginning of the work on the Railroad at Bayfield will create great de- 
 mand for labor and all kinds of material. 
 
 RAILROAD GRAND GRANT. 
 
 A few months after the town was laid out, Congress granted to the 
 State of Wisconsin, two million acres of land to aid in the construction 
 of certain railroads, the terminus of one (the St. Croix and Lake Su- 
 perior) it was specifically stated in the grant should be at Bayfield. 
 
 " Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
 United States of Am rica in Concrj-ess assembled, That there be and is 
 hereby granted to the State of Wisconsin, for the purpose of aiding in 
 the construction of a railroad, from Madison or Columbus, by the way 
 of Portage city to the St. Croix river or Lake, between townships 
 twenty-five and thirty-one, and from thence to the west end of Lake 
 Superior, and to Bayfield. Every alternate section of land designated 
 by odd numbers for six sections in width on each side of said roads 
 respectively, etc., etc. Approved June 3, 1856." 
 
 PRE-EMPTION LANDS. 
 
 In consequence of this grant all the public lands in the northern 
 part of Wisconsin were immediately withdrawn from sale, even from 
 pre-emption. These lands are now restored to market. Were this 
 fact fully understood among those now emigrating to the north-west, 
 as well as that an immense amount of the very best land is still unen- 
 tered, which would, in as favorable situations in Minnesota, readily 
 command from fifteen to twenty dollars per acre, there could hardly 
 fail to be tens of thousands pouring in to take possession of this region. 
 To pre-empt means to occupy. The settler leaving his family in the 
 East until he makes his arrangements, on arrival at Bayfield, exam- 
 ines the land, and makes his selection. He then erects a shanty, or a 
 bouse, if he has the means, cuts down a few trees, covering a half 
 acre, clears it off. Then he files a written notice of his intentions at 
 the Bayfield Land Office, describing the land, see page 314 in the new 
 work on Wisconsin and Lake Superior. Full instructions and the ne- 
 cessary affidavits are there given to those making a " r/am." Then 
 the settler receives his certificates from the Land Office, and has one 
 year to pay for his farm. A "minor," who is the head of a family, 
 or a " widow," may also pre-empt, their families being required to live 
 on the land. The largest quantity of land one person is entitled to 
 enter is one hundred and sixty acres. Uncle Sam is a liberal land- 
 lord, and will take his pay in land warrants, which are now selling at 
 the rate of about ninety-seven cents per acre, or one dollar and a 
 quarter in cash. Thus a poor man can secure a rich farm near Bay- 
 field of 40 or IGO acres, as suits him, for the large sum of $50 or 
 $200 ! 
 
 There are still thousands of persons at the East, who look toward 
 Bayfield with a disposition to emigrate ; perhaps they mete out from 
 year to year a bare subsistence, the year rolls by, and if they have 
 enjoyed the right to labor during the bulk of it, they have accumu- 
 lated but little. Imagine some of these persons on their own farms, 
 the plough in their grasp and fortune before them. Where, then. 
 
would be the result of their labor I House, ploughed land, fenccSj. 
 barns would grow under their hand with half the labor now given to 
 procure a living, and every day's work would be for themselves, and 
 would add to their own personal wealth, to say nothing of the yearly 
 rise in tlieir property. The immediate vicinity of Bayfield to the 
 immense pineries which cover so large a portion of North-western Wis- 
 consin, as well as to the untold wealth of the mineral region uf Lake 
 Superior, secures to the farmer a home market for everything he can 
 raise, at prices as high and often higher than he can obtain in the 
 eastern cities, while an abundance of lumber of the very best quality 
 can always be had at first cost. 
 
 The Legislature of Wisconsin recently chartered a company to make 
 a plank or turnpike road from St. Croix Falls to Bayfield and Supe- 
 rior. It is expected that during the summer there will be a regular 
 mail coach lino established, running from Bayfield to connect with 
 other lines to the Mississippi, to St. Paul and other places. Three 
 niail contracts were given out the latter part of April by the Post 
 Ofiice Department, viz., one from Chippewa Falls to Bayfield, one 
 from St. Croix Falls to Bayfield, and one from Superior throusr/i Bay- 
 field to Ontonagon. The contractors having the route from Bayfield 
 to St. Croix Falls, (near St. Paul,) havcag reed to send out men and 
 material at once to Bayfield to arrange for carrying the mail and all 
 passengers through. They will at once build station houses on the 
 route and say that they will be prepared to accommodate all the tra- 
 velling public. It has been confidently asserted, that Bayfield is hy. 
 water nearer to Cleveland and Buffalo than Chicago is. Mr. J. S. 
 Ritchie in his entertaining guide book on Wisconsin and Lake Supe- 
 rior, a work invaluable to tlie tourist and emigrant, and which should 
 be in the hands of every visitor to the north-west, says: 
 
 " When the S(. Croir and Lake Superior Railroad is completed, an astomsh^ 
 ing revolution will be made in the transhipment of freight to the north-west. 
 As it is a settled fact that trans])ortation is impelled by ;in irresistablc impulse 
 into the cheapest and most direct channels of eoniMiiinication, the following 
 statements and tables of distances will prove tluit tlie Lake Superior route is 
 not only the nearest, but by far the cheapest means of shii)ping freight to the 
 north-west, and a saving in time of from ten days to two weeks. Let us take 
 New York as a starting point from the seaboard, and St. Paul, at tiie head of 
 navigation of the Mississippi, as the terminus. The distances between these 
 places are as follows: 
 
 Miles. 
 From New York to Chicago, by canal via Albany and Buttalo, and 
 
 by steamboat via Detroit, ..... 163'2 
 
 From Chicago, by railroad via Dunleath, and via steamboat to St. 
 
 Paul, ---..-.. 568 
 
 2200' 
 
 From New York to- Butialo via canal, . _ .. - 508 
 
 " Buffalo to Bayfield via steamers and propellers, - - 1001 
 
 «' Bayllcld via raikoad to St. Paul, ... - 160 
 
 172^ 
 
 Showing a difference of 471 miles, and one transhipment less in favor of the 
 Lako Superior route. 
 
COPPER AND IRON. 
 
 la the immediate vicinity of Bayfield large lumps of botb copper 
 and iron ore have been found. In grading one of the streets of the 
 town a lump of very pure copper ore weighing several pounds was 
 picked up. Our limits forbid a description of the vast mineral re- 
 sources of the Lake Superior region, the mountains of iron ore and the 
 extensive veins of pure copper mixed with silver. Mr. Ritchie's 
 "work contains a minute account, together with the recent discoveries 
 of the ancient mines. 
 
 FISHERIES. 
 
 In the neighborhood of Bayfield, among the group of the Apostles' 
 Islands, fisheries are established, which will add greatly to the popu- 
 lation and wealth of the town. Several thousand barrels of fish are 
 exported yearly from these fisheries. The product of the fisheries of 
 Lake Superior are of great importance to the inhabitants and States 
 which lie on its borders. It abounds with the most delicious fresh 
 water fish known. The flavor of its trout, white fish and others, is 
 nmeh superior to that of the other lakes, and they, command a higher 
 price in market. This branch of commerce is increasing very fast in 
 consequence of the opening of the Saut. Ship Canal, and rapid increase 
 of settlement along the lake. 
 
 When the northern part of Wisconsin and Minnesota becomes more 
 thickly settled, an immense quantity of grain, flour, etc., will' be sent 
 to the East from Bayfield, the most direct route. The lumber busi- 
 ness, also, will in a short time be very extensively carried on, and the 
 future opens a bright prospect for this branch of industry. 
 
 DIRECT TRADE WITH EITROPE. 
 
 Vessels can as easily sail from Europe to Bayfield, as from Chicago 
 to Liverpool. The experiment of an uninterrupted navigation from 
 the lakes to the Atlantic Ocean was proved by the successful voyage 
 of the Schooner Dean Richmond, in the Spring of iSoG, fro/n Chicago 
 to Liverpool, and the arrival of the British Schooner, Madeira Pet, 
 the 14th of July, 1857, with a cargo of merchandize from Liverpool, 
 at Chicago. What is true of Chicago is true of Bayfield. What is 
 possible by the St. Lawrence river and canals, is equally possible with 
 the great Ship Canal of the Saut. St. Marie. The Detroit Advertiser 
 of a recent date, says ; " The vessels which Captain Pierce will send 
 out this Spring to Liverpool with cargoes, are the barques C. J. Ker- 
 shaw, 382 tons burden ; Chieftain,. 370 tons-, brigs Black Hawk, 388 
 tons ; Cuyahoga Chief, 384 tons, and a three-masted schooner named 
 the Indian Queen. 
 
 ST. MARY'S FALLS SHIP CANAL. 
 
 Congress, in the year 1852, granted 750,000 acres of land to build 
 this canal, it was finished in 3Iay, 1855, and is superior to any thing 
 of its kind on this Continent. Its locks are the largest in the world. 
 The canal is about seven-eighths of a mile in length, one hundred and 
 fifteen feet wide at the top of the water, containing a depth of water 
 of twelve feet, and is principally excavated through rock. This Ship 
 vttoal has opened to the loM'er lakes a navigation of fully a thousand. 
 
6 
 
 miles. The following shows the estimated amount of freight for the 
 past three years, as taken from the bills of lading furnished by the 
 masters of vessels : 
 
 The total value of up freight for the years 1855-G, was $4,425,700 
 
 Down freight : 1855. 1856. 1857. 
 
 Coppdr, tons, 3,190i 5,72Gi 5,759i 
 
 Iron ore, 1,447 11,297 20,1844 
 
 Estimated value, including iron blooms, fisL, &c., for 1855-6, $2,875,000 
 
 " « " for 1857, 3,005,775 
 
 Total value of down freight siuce the canal was completed, $5,880,805 
 
 The number of passengers passing throueh the canal in 1855, was 
 4,270 ; in 1856, 4,074, and in 18o7, 0,050. 
 
 Mr. Andrews forcibly rcmiirks, in his official roport to government, 
 in the year 1850: — "Our sliip{)ing will have an uninterrupted sweep 
 over waters which drain more than three hundred thousand square 
 miles, of a region abounding in mineral and agricultural resources. 
 They may be water-borne nearly half way across the Continent. The 
 inexhaustable elements of wealth on the shores of Lake Superior will 
 then become available." iVgain he says : — " The summer tour of 
 travelers will he extended to a cruise around Lake Superior^ and from 
 La Pointe, i. e. Bayfield, many will cross over to the Falls of St. 
 Anthony on the Mississippi river,'''' It affords us great pleasure to 
 bear our testimony to the accomplishment of these predictions of Mr. 
 Andrews. The summer tour from Bayfield to St. Paul has repeatedly 
 been made. The Messrs. McClond drove over on several occasions in a 
 light buggy in the sprirtg and fall of 1857. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES. 
 
 The soil in most j>arts of "Wisconsin is composed of the black deposit 
 of decayed vegetation, which for ages has flourished in wild luxuri- 
 ance, and rotted upon the surface. A soil thus created, of impalpable 
 powder, fonned of the elements of organic matter — the dust of death — 
 is adapted to the highest and most profitable purposes of agriculture, 
 yielding crop after crop in rank abundance, without an artificial manur- 
 ing. An intelligent traveler, in a communication published in the 
 Cincinnati Gazette of the 9th of August, 1855, says: — "Fifty years 
 labor in New England, or twenty years' toil in Ohio, are not equal in 
 their results to five industrious years in Wisconsin." The land near 
 Bayfield will return a greater yield of crops, for less labor, and then 
 prices are but little under Eastern markets ; transportation is so cheap 
 and speedy, which renders this land as valuable as those of the East. 
 A fortune could be made in supplying the steamboats and hotels alone 
 with vegetables. The following is the result of our experiment in 
 potatoes growing in new land near the town of Superior. " In June, 
 1857, four potatoes were selected, weighing nearly one pound each ; 
 they were cut into eighty-two sets, each set with a single eye, and 
 they occupied fifty-six square feet ; were planted June 22d, and dug 
 up October 22d, in presence of numerous witnesses. The product was 
 two hundred and ninety-four potatoes, weighing eighty-one pounds, or 
 
at the rate of ten huntired and fifty-six bushels to the acre, of 60 
 pounds to the bushel." 
 
 " Nearly all the productions of the Middle States are raised ; finer 
 peas, beans, etc., I have never met with in horticultural exhibitions j 
 in fact we can beat old Ireland in size and quality of potatoes." 
 
 A correspondent of the Superior Chronicle of October 14th, 1856, 
 
 says : "I measured onions, grown from seed, that were thirteen indies 
 
 in c'rcumference, and a crook-necked squash that measured twenty 
 sexisn inches long by eleven in circumference; oats heavily corned, and 
 fully ripe, sixty inches in height, and tomatoes weighing one pound 
 each. One parsnip, which was pulled for me, measuretl 32 inches ; 
 this was not its entire length, as the end remained in the ground. A 
 beet, pulled at the same time, measured twenty inches. It has been 
 demonstrated that we can raise large crops of hay, wheats oats, peas, 
 beans, salad, radishes, cucumbers, turnips, beets, carrots, parsnips, 
 pumpkins, etc." A farmer, (an emigrant from Maine,) assured me 
 that standing in his meadow, he could barely sec over the fields of 
 grass. The stalks averaging about five and a half feet in height! 
 ,We mention these instances for the purpose of correcting a false impres- 
 sion which has hitherto prevailed, that it was too far North to raise 
 vegetables. Want of room alone prevented the writer from bringing 
 East, in his ti-unk, a turnip weighing fifteen pounds, some cno7'mous 
 beets, and a potatoe weighing two pounds. Space, however, was f>und 
 for S')me tnbacc > leaves, one measuring twenty-six inches in length by 
 fourteen in width, and several pntatues weighing from three-quarteis to 
 one and one-eighth pounds each. These specimens were especially 
 admired by farmers in the neighborhood of Pliiladelphia, for their 
 appearance, size and quality. AV^e might also mention that forty-five 
 potatoes to the bushel is of common occurrence in this region. 
 '-. We have often remarked the surprise of travelers, evidently farmers, 
 on their first visit to this region, at the appearance of our agricultural 
 productions. " Well ! that beats old York State," says one. " Aye, 
 and old Pennsylvania," says another ; while a third remarks, '' If 
 that was known in Chester or Bucks county, half the farmers would 
 emigrate." One, more inquiring than the rest, would ask the price 
 of the land ; when told it was " taken up " at government price — that 
 is one dollar and a quarter per acre — what says he ? " A farm of 160 
 acres for two hundred dollars'?" Even so, my friend, and thousands 
 of acres waiting for such as you to cultivate. 
 
 Let those who reside in cities, and cannot find profitable employ- 
 ment, come here and raise their food out of the bosom of the earth. 
 Thousands have made the experiment, and to-daj are among the 
 wealthiest and most respected of our citizens. 
 
 It is incomprehensible to me to see so many hai'd-workiag farmers, 
 laboring in the Eastern States on miserable farms, from ten to one 
 hundred acres in size, when such inducements are oiFered near Bay- 
 field, as buying farms at low prices, or selecting to suit themselves 
 from government land at $1 25 per acre. The rapidity also with 
 which internal improvements advance, approximates with each year the 
 value of produce near the market-prices of the East, and, consequently, 
 gives an enhanced value to their farms. 
 
We ftsaert that a good farmer or mechanic failing to succeed in 
 BajBeld is almost an impossibility. In fact we would like to hear of 
 one. The first crop raised generally pays both for the farm, clearing 
 timber and improvements. Again, in proportion as the population 
 increases, houses must be built, and these houses must give employ- 
 ment to mechanics to build them, and to all kinds of tradesmen to 
 support them, and the remuneration tliat will be paid in every case 
 will be very great. Ld it be a'so remembered, that every mechanic or 
 day-laborer, besides his daily wages, can pre-empt a farm of 160 acreSf 
 and from his snvin<rs pay for it before the year rolls round ! 
 
 The great difl5culty in new places is, that most of the settlers occupy 
 themselves either as merchants, mechanics or land speculators. These 
 occupations are well enough in their own way, but they are all non- 
 producers, and derive existence from the industry of others, thereby 
 neglecting what the Creator intended for man — to till the earth. If 
 thousands of the poor laborers had enngrated here, we would not now 
 hear so much of the distress in the large cities. Methinks a man ought 
 to succeed when land is worth §1 25 per acre, a ready market, and 
 city prices for all he can raise. 
 
 The following is an extract from a late newspaper, in reply to those 
 who would keep persona from emigrating to Lake Superior : — " Sup- 
 pose," says the writer, " that the descendants of tho inhabitants of the 
 Old Colonies had remained on the Atlantic borders, around their 
 homesteads, could we, theic children, have been able to point 
 to the present bright galaxy of stars in the National Ensign, 
 emblematic of each member of this glorious confederacy ? No, sir I 
 The Daniel Boons, Jacksons, Clays, Casses, lloustons, and the other 
 once poor boys, these self-made men, have still their representatives, 
 who are now settling up the remote frontiers. But why is it that people 
 emigrate ? Why do so many thousands turn their backs upon their 
 homes, tear up by the roots those associations and sympathies, the 
 growth of a life-time, and, above all, why do they go out to unknown 
 places, to undergo hardships, and begin among strangers anew experi- 
 ment ? It is the law of Grod. The world mast be occupied and 
 subdued by civilized man. The divine command to Abraham is still 
 in force. < Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and 
 from thy father's house,' etc. It is for this reason men emigrate, and 
 not only because they arc restless and impatient of present evils." 
 
 CLIMATE OF LAKE SUPERIOR. 
 On this subject we will make copious extracts from Mr. Ritchie's 
 work on Wisconsin and Lake Superior. He says : — " A healthier region 
 does not exist; here the common diseases of mankind are comparatively 
 unknown. The lightness of the atmosphere has a most invigorating 
 effect upon tho spirits, and tho breast of the invalid swells with new 
 emotion when he ialiales its healthy breezes, as they sweep across the 
 lake. None of the American lakes can compare with Lake Superior 
 in bealthfulness of climate during the summer months, and there is no 
 place 80 well calculated to restore the health of an invalid, who has 
 suffered from the depressing miasms of the fever-breeding soil of the 
 South-western States. This opinion is fast. gaining ground among 
 xn«dioal men, who are now recommending to their patientfi the health- 
 
9 
 
 ful climate of this favored lake, in preference to sending them to die 
 in enervating Southern latitudes. 
 
 *•' The waters of this vast inland sea, covering an area of over 32,000 
 miles, exercise a powerful influence in modifying the two extremes of 
 heat and cold. The uniformity of temperature thus produced, is highly 
 favorable to animal and vegetable life. The most delicate fruits and 
 plants are raised loithout injury, while four or five degrees further 
 South they are destroyed by the early frosts. It is a singular fact, 
 that Lake Superior never freezes in the middle ; and, along the shores, 
 the ice seldom extends out more than fifteen to eighteen miles. The . 
 temperature of its waters rarely, if ever, change, and are almost always 
 at 40° Fahrenheit — the maximum density of water. In midsummer 
 its climate is delightful beyond comparison, while, at the same time, 
 the air is softly bracing. The winds are variable, and rarely continue 
 for more than two or three days in the same quarter. We have no 
 epidemics, no endemics ; miasmatic aSections, with their countless ills, 
 are unknown here ; and the lustre of the languid eye is restored, the 
 •paleness of the fiided cheek disappears when brought into our midst. 
 The characteristics of the Lake Superior climate must be felt to be 
 fully realized ; but when once experienced, it will hardly be relinquished 
 for any other. The purity of the atmosphere makes it peculiarly 
 adapted to all those afflicted with Pulmonary complaints, and such a 
 thing as Consumption produced by the climate, is wholly unknown. 
 Fever and ague, that terrible scourge of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa and 
 Kansas, is rapidly driven.away before the pure and refreshing breezes 
 ■which come down from the North-west ; and thousands of individuals 
 from the States below, have already found here a safe retreat from 
 their dreaded enemy. It is also a singular fact, that persons suffering 
 from Asthma^ or ' Phthisic,' have been greatly relieved, or, in some 
 instances, permanently cured by a residence in this climate." 
 
 Dr. Owen, the celebrated U. S. G-eologist, says : — " At the Pembi- 
 na settlement, (in latitude 49°) owned by the Hudson's Bay Com- 
 pany, to a population of five thousand, there was but a single physi- 
 cian, and he told me, that without an additional salary allowed him 
 by the Company^ the diseases of the settlement loould not afford him a 
 living. We earnestly entreat all those suffering from debility, asth- 
 ma, and the incipient stages of pulmonary complaints and consumption 
 to hasten to this favored climate, as astonishing cures have been effect- 
 ed by simply one summer's residence here. At Bayfield will be 
 found a new and commodious hotel, where every attention is given to 
 the comfort of guests ; here the tourist, pleasure seeker, and the inva- 
 lid will find ample accommodations. For the lovers of aquatic sports, 
 the harbor of Bayfield is equally inviting for boating or yachting. 
 The disciples of Isaac Walton, or Nimrod, may exercise their skill in 
 luring the speckled trout, or his more noble brother, the lake trout, or 
 spearing the white fish, until he wearies with satiety." 
 
 In regard to the winters, Mr. Ritchie says : — " In my opinion, there 
 IS nothing relating to Lake Superior more misrepresented, and less 
 understood, than its winters; the very mention of which, a few years 
 ago, and even at the present time, in the Atlantic States, conveys 
 almost a sensation of misery — but how far the reality 1 Instead of 
 
10 
 
 snow, sleet, rain and fog, alternating with very little sunshine, what 
 do we find ? The winter season is said to be, by tlie oldest residents, 
 the most agreeable part of the year, with plenty of blue sky, fine brac- 
 ing atmosphere, and very little rain from the month of November un- 
 til April. Besides coughs, colds and diseases of the lungs arc com- 
 paratively unknown here, and this alone should recommend the cli- 
 mate of Lake Superior. 'Tis true, snow falls to a considerable depth, 
 making the roads level, and filling up all their inequalities, and, so 
 far from being an inconvenience, adds greatly to the comfort and hap- 
 piness of all. This is the season for hilarity and social enjoyment; 
 its lengthened eve is full of fireside joys. In this region, less snow 
 falls than in either the Xcw England States, or northern New York. 
 The testimony of the oldest fur traders, long accustomed to this cli- 
 mate, proves the truth of these assertions." 
 
 In this connection, it will not be out of place to state a few facta 
 concerning the climate, since the delusion which formerly prevailed at 
 the east, that this country was altogether too far north to be valuable, 
 is hardly yet dissipated. It is true, that the average temperature of 
 our winter months, is considerably lower than that of western New 
 York, but, on the other hand, the average of the three remaining sea- 
 sons of the year, is also comparatively higher. The mean tempera- 
 ture of each season accompanying the census of 1850, was : 
 
 Place. Spring. 
 
 Rochester, N. York, 45.21 
 
 Ft. Snelling, near St. Paul, 49.16 
 
 From which it will be seen, that the climate is more favorable to the 
 growth of vegetation at the latter place, than at the former.* It has 
 been found, in past winters, in comparing the meteorological reports 
 of Lake Superior with observations taken at St. Paul, that there was 
 a difference of at least ten degrees in favor of Lake Superior, notwith- 
 standing it is nearly one hundred miles north of St. Paul. The sub- 
 joined observations were made by the army surgeons stationed at 
 Fort Wilkins, Copper Harbor, in Lat. 47° 29' N. : 
 
 Mean annual temperature, - - _ 41° 4' 
 Mean temperature of the summer, - - 61° 4' 
 Mean temperature of the winter, - - 21° 1' 
 
 Summer. 
 
 Autumn. 
 
 Winter 
 
 67.76 
 
 49.21 
 
 27.28 
 
 70.8O 
 
 50.41 
 
 15.19 
 
 * Result of Meteorological observations taken from the report of L. Wash- 
 ington, Esq., at Superiur, AVisconsin, 90 miles west of Bayfield, Lat. 4G deg. 
 38 niin. 31 sec, Long. 92 deg. 3 niin. 28 sec. Height of station above tho 
 sea, 658 feet. The mean temi)erature is as follows: 
 
 Deg. 
 For week ending June 1, 185G, 5-5 
 
 <( u << 29, " G2 
 
 " " July 12, " 60 
 
 « «' Aug. 2, " 74 
 
 « « ii^ iG, <« 62 
 
 « u i< 30, " 62 
 
 " " Sept. 6, «' 08 
 
 « " " 20, " 63 
 
 « " Oct. 11, " 52 
 
 
 
 
 
 Deer. 
 
 For wecn 
 
 endin 
 
 g Oct. 18, 
 
 18C6, 
 
 46 
 
 (' 
 
 
 Nov. 1, 
 
 
 38 
 
 <c 
 
 
 '« 15, 
 
 
 35 
 
 (( 
 
 
 " 29, 
 
 
 26 
 
 (( 
 
 
 Dec. 13, 
 
 
 20 
 
 a 
 
 
 «< 28, 
 
 
 16 
 
 a 
 
 
 Jan. 3, 
 
 1857, 
 
 20 
 
 i< 
 
 
 - 11; 
 
 (( 
 
 12 
 
11 
 
 ADVICE TO SETTLERS. 
 
 The settlement of Bayfield was unlike that of man}' other towns. 
 Emigrants from the Atlantic cities, and from most points of the west- 
 ern interior, came here principally on steamboats, and brought with 
 them all the conveniences and comforts of civilized life; indeed, many 
 of the luxuries were, in about one week's time, without toil, danger, 
 or exposure, transported to their new homes, and in a few months 
 they were surrounded with the appendages of civilization and the 
 blessings of law and society. The fare from Cleveland to Bayfield on 
 either steamboat or propeller is only $20. The deck or steerage pas- 
 sage is $11. Time occupied is from three to four days ; distance, 
 including stoppages at all the towns along the route, about 950 miles. 
 We assure our friends that this is the only way, at present, to reach 
 Lake Superior. The splendid floating palaces, the steamers North 
 Star, City of Cleveland, Illinois, and the propellers Iron City, North- 
 ern Light, Manhattan, General Taylor and Mineral Rock, leave Cleve- 
 land, Ohio, weekly, for all the Lake Superior towns. Messrs. Hussey 
 & McBride and Hanna, Garretson & Co., are the agents for these 
 steamers at Cleveland, and S. P. Brady, Esq., at Detroit. We invite 
 attention to the cards of these agents at the end of this pamphlet. 
 The sailing days of the steamers are given, so that those desirous of 
 engaging state rooms can secure them by addressing the agents at 
 Cleveland, and make their travelling arrangements accordingly. It 
 is without exception the finest tour in the United States. Messrs. A. 
 T. Spencer & Co., are the agents at Chicago for the splendid steamer 
 Lady Elgin, Captain Tompkins, one of the pioneer Captains of this 
 route. The Lady Elgin has recently been refitted in the most elegant 
 manner, and we cordially recommend this boat to our readers every- 
 where. In this connection we Avill add, that the fare from Philadel- 
 phia to Cleveland via Pennsylvania Central Eoad is, $13 ; Fast Emi- 
 grant Line $6; see advertisement, page 16. Emigrants can purchase 
 houses in Cleveland, Detroit and Chicago ready to set up, (nails, glass, 
 etc., etc.,) costing, complete, from $50 to $500 and over; also stores 
 are made to order, etc. Thus the. settler can embark from either Cleve- 
 land, Detroit, or Chicago with his house, store, furniture, goods, cut- 
 tle, etc., and in four days he landed at Bayfield. We mean good 
 sized houses; some are 16 by 25 feet, two stories high. Freights on 
 lake boats are low; the rate from New York to Bayfield is $1 per 
 hundred pounds. It would astonish " Alladin" even, were he to see 
 how quickly houses are erected and occupied now-a-days. And then 
 for him to look at a stump machine clearing a stump or a tree from 
 the ground in a few minutes. Who would go to Kansas, Nebraska 
 and other out of the way places, where there is no timber to build 
 even a log shanty with, where the wind in winter rages fearfully across 
 the level prairies? Ah! my readers, if you want to feel the keen, 
 cutting blast, settle in a prairie country. A few winters ago, we re- 
 member several trains of cars being shut up in snow-drifts in Illinois. 
 Settlers, do you want a magnificent climate, lands of vnrivalled ferti- 
 lity, no chills, fever, ague, damp and disagreeable weather, sloppy walk- 
 ing, keen, cutting winds, constant political agitation, etc. ? Then emi- 
 grate to Bayfield and enjoy the Lake Superior atmosphere. 
 
This pamphlet is published expressly to call the attention of tho3« 
 desirous of settling in the West to the advantages presented by Bay- 
 field. Why should the climate of Lake Superior, second to none, in 
 healthfulness, and already proved to be like that of Upper Egypt, not 
 be mentioned to the invalid, to whose suffering frame it would impart 
 renewed health 1 Or the soil, whose richnesss is such as to encourage 
 industry and enterprise, not be brought to the attention of the agricul- 
 turist ? May not the strong impressions, left upon my mind by a resi- 
 dence in this region, be told for the benefit of others ? 
 
 TO THE TOUBIST AND PLEASURE SEEKER. 
 
 During the past few years, the talk of fasliionable tourists has been 
 of the magnificent scenery and bracing climate of Lake Superior. 
 Every summer brings an increased number, who return delighted with 
 their excursion, and generally improved in health. The most direct 
 rout^from New York and Philadelphia to Lake Superior, is via. the 
 Pennsylvania Railroad to Cleveland, Ohio ; the fare to Cleveland is 
 only !$13 00. The steamers sail several times a week, punctually, 
 and their sailing days will be found on page 15. State rooms may be 
 engaged for the round trip ; time, eight days, by addressing the agents 
 at Cleveland, Ohio. Every traveler should purchase the new Guide 
 Book on Wisconsin and Lake Superior, published by Charles Desilver, 
 714 Chestnut street, Philadelphia. It is the only book yet published 
 with a correct map of Lake Superior, showing the track of the vessel, 
 new towns, copper and iron region, Arc, and the only work containing 
 the latest accounts of the copper and iron mines, &c. See advertise- 
 ment on cover.* 
 
 We extract the following from Mrs. Ellet's " Rambles in the West." 
 Leaving Cleveland, " the scenery differs entirely from that on the 
 Atlantic frontier. Passing up Detroit river, the view of the city and 
 islands, sleeping cahnly on the waters, with the sunlit river, and the 
 distant expansion into Lake St. Clair, form a lovely picture. The city 
 is lost behind the woods as you enter on the broad, calm sheet of this 
 fairy lake ; passing, in a few hours, into St. Clair river, where the 
 character of the scenery changes, losing its aspect of cultivation and 
 populous life, but gaining in interest as the shores become bolder. 
 Approaching Lake Huron, the scenery grows still wilder ; uplands, 
 partially cultivated, rise from the river, and further back lies a lin6 of 
 dense forest ; here and there is an island with clumps of trees and 
 marshy shore, and you will continue to admire the brilliant shades of 
 purple and green peculiar to these waters. 
 
 " At the foot of Lake Huron, Fort Gratiot, the headlands and point, 
 with its lighthouse, the islands in the distance, and the long sweep of 
 Lake Huron complete the picture. It was early in the morning when 
 we lay among the green islands of Thunder Bay, then a crimson line 
 on the edge of the horizon grew brighter, and presently the great sun 
 lifted himself from the bosom of the deep, sending a radiant flush over 
 the waste of waves, and the woods on the distant isles. 
 
 " The Island of Mackinaw," (at which the boats touch,) " has been 
 called the diadem on the brow of the North-western lakes, and its his- 
 
 • Copies sent by mail, free, on receipt of the price, $1 25. 
 
IS 
 
 torical associations are extremely interesting. Tbia is the classic 
 ground of Indian mythology. 
 
 " St. Mary's river is the paradise of beautiful islands, thousands of 
 ■which lie in its different channels ; the soft line of shore and drooping 
 foliage, and rocky headlands are doubled in the clear mirror ; now yon 
 pass between islands fringed with evergreens, or along side rocky 
 uplands crowned with a straggling forest growth, the hills swelling 
 gradually into loftier heights, till the Granite mountains rival in start- 
 ling beauty, the higher range at the base of which the lordly Hudson 
 takes way.* 
 
 ' A few more windings among the fairy isles,t and'' the Saut' is in 
 view; on the left shore the tall pickets and blockhouses of its fort con- 
 spicuous, its neat white houses and stores below ; and on the right 
 the foaming rapids." Here the steamers enter the locks of the great 
 Ship Canal ; it requires nearly an hour's time to pass through into the 
 river again. Then a few hours more and the steamer ploughs the 
 .waves of Lake Superior. 
 
 " The Alpine scenery of Lake Superior has been admired by many 
 visitors. The great sand-dunes of this lake, called Grand Sables, have 
 attracted attention as unique objects of American scenery. These 
 form a range for some four miles, of vast heaps of sand drift, rising 
 like a lofty structure of marble, to the height of two hundred and fifty 
 or three hundred feet, their summits capped with loose drifts." 
 
 The world may fairly be challenged for so magnificent a display of 
 elevated coast, with such varied forms of architectural ruins, bathing 
 their massive and columnar fronts in the clear waters, as is presented 
 in the pictured rocks. Mr. Ritchie says, " They form a perpendicular 
 wall of nearly 300 feet in height, extending over ten miles. It needs 
 but a bold stroke of the imagination to fancy we see mystic towers, 
 columns, arches, Doric temples, and varied forms of architectural 
 ruins." 
 
 Grand island, extensive and rock bound, next appears. Opposite 
 this island, on the main shore, a company of Philadelphians have lately 
 laid out the town of Munising. A large and commodious hotel will 
 be erected this summer, a pier, and numerous houses for the new set- 
 tlers. The next stopping place is Marquette, at this point large 
 quantities of iron ore are exported. Thence the steamers coast along 
 Keweenaw point, stopping at the great copper mining depots — Copper 
 harbor. Eagle harbor, Eagle river and Ontonagon. But little jus- 
 tice can be done by description, to the varied and sublime scenery of 
 this inland sea ; it is of itself well worth a tour of observation from 
 the farthest part of the Continent. Eighty miles beyond Ontonagon 
 and the steamer passes among the " Apostles' Isles," touches at La 
 Pointe and arrives at Bayfield. The situation of the town is very 
 picturesque, and the appearance of its buildings present quite an im- 
 posing appearance. The Bayfield hotel is one of the best built and 
 commodious hotels on the Lake. Here we recommend every traveller 
 
 * See map in "Wisconsin and Lake Superior. 
 
 t Captain Church, of Sugar Island, is quite celebrated as a manufacturer of 
 raspberry jam. In 1867 he exported about ten ions. 
 
14 
 
 to spend a few days and enjoy the fine fishing and sailing on Us beau- 
 tiful bay. After a few hours sail, the city of Superior appears, situ- 
 ated on the Bay of Superior, at the head of the Lake ; here the voyage 
 terminates. The Superior house is the largest and best kept hotel 
 and wc cordially recommend our readers to stop there. We recall the 
 weeks spent in this hotel with great pleasure ; the table was kept in 
 the best style, etc. 
 
 "Wo close this sketch with a few extracts from the description, by 
 an Ohio editor, of his impres.sions of Lake Superior and its new towns, 
 he says: — "The shores, clad in perpetual verdure, rising upon the 
 vision and receding in the distance, stir up the mind with their gran- 
 deur and mellow it with tlieir beauty, creating an intense harmony 
 that may be felt and enjoyed but cannot be described. There was the 
 wildness of nature as it presents its rugged front as a barrier to the 
 footsteps of all, conquering art, and there too was the foothold art 
 had made from which to take up her march. There was the wigwam 
 of the Indian beneath the shadow of the church, and both within the 
 rustling of the forest leaves. There was the birch canoe and the 
 steam-breathing " tiling of life," side by side, resting on the bosom of 
 the same water. There was the Indian himself in his pride, his silence, 
 his keen observation and his stolid indifference, and there too was 
 the white man in his pride, his bargain-driving talkativeness, his 
 keen observation and active non-indifference. The one as nature 
 made him centuries since, the other artificially done up to order, yet 
 very cleverly done. The one living with nature while she lives in an 
 unchanged and unbroken state and dying with her when lier order and 
 her quiet is disturbed; the other levelling, disordering and disturbing 
 her, expelling and succeeding her companions ; there, too, were the 
 young cities on this father of lakes that was to do their behests by 
 conducing to their growth and power, but now quietly leaving her feet; 
 and there too was the fertile soil yet to be reclaimed from the almost 
 impenetrable forest. "When we saw all these and what was to be done, 
 and their destiny rose up like a mighty vision before us, we could but 
 question, as we did, is it possible? When we called up Chicago, that 
 has grown since our own knowledge of the west from a scrawny town 
 of 4^000 inhabitants to a 120,000 souled city; when San Francisco 
 and Sacramento rose up before us, as they burst upon a world in less 
 than a decade, as cities of the first magnitude; then the hum of busy 
 industry from the whole Pacific coast fell on our ear, which but yes- 
 terday was startled by the slirill whooping of the Indian; when we 
 saw St. Paul striding like a man with its swaddling clothes still hang- 
 int^ to it, and indeed almost the entire west of a Jonah's gord 
 growth, we answered, it i^ possible. And now, when we know the 
 richness, the fertility, the beauty, the hidden and the exposed wealth 
 of the great Western and North-western country that is and must ever 
 be tributary to this lake, we are more sanguine than ever of the 
 growth of the new towns of Lake Superior." 
 
1858 
 
 LAKE SUPERIOR LINE. 
 
 1858 
 
 The New and Splendid, Fast Sailing, Low Pressure Steamers 
 
 CITY OF CLEVELAND, ILLINOIS, 
 
 Capt. Lundy, Capt. Frazer, 
 
 And newly fitted up Passenger and Freight Screw Steamers 
 
 IRON CITY, MINERAL ROCK, GENERAL TAYLOR, 
 
 Capt. Turner, Capt. Ryder, Capt. 
 
 "Will comprise the line for 1858. 
 
 CITY OF CLEVELAND ILLINOIS 
 
 LEAVES CLEVELAND, LEAVES CLEVELAND, 
 
 April 22, at 8, v.n.I 
 
 May 3, 
 
 May 13, 
 
 May 24, 
 
 June 3, 
 
 June 14, 
 
 June 24, 
 
 July 5, 
 
 July 15, 
 
 July 26, 
 
 Sept. 
 
 IG, 
 
 20, 
 
 16, 
 
 Octo'r 
 
 Nov. 
 
 18, 
 28, 
 
 April 19, 
 
 at 8 
 
 , P.M. 
 
 August 2 
 
 at 8, P.M. 
 
 " 29, 
 
 
 
 " 12, 
 
 
 May 10, 
 
 
 
 « 23, 
 
 
 " 20, 
 
 
 
 Sept. 2, 
 
 
 " 31, 
 
 
 
 " 13, 
 
 
 June 10, 
 
 
 
 " 23, 
 
 
 " 21, 
 
 
 
 Octo'r 4, 
 
 
 July 1, 
 
 
 
 " 14, 
 
 
 " 12, 
 
 
 
 " 25, 
 
 
 " 22, 
 
 
 
 Nov'r 4, 
 
 
 With the Screw Steamers Iron City, Mineral Rock and General Taylor, 
 making Three Boats leaving Cleveland every week through the season. 
 
 The "City of Cleveland" and "Illinois" have been fitted up expressly for 
 the travelling public; being acknowledged, in point of speed, accommoda- 
 tions, and appointments, unsurpassed. The "Iron City" comes out completely 
 renovated: her cabin being extended her full length, giving her first class 
 Passenger accommodations; while her Freighting facilities, with the "Mine- 
 ral Rock" and "Gen. Taylor," are admirable. 
 
 The Steamers make the round trip in eight days. Rooms for any of the 
 trips can be secured by addressing 
 
 HUSSEY & McBRIDE, Commission Merchants, 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 RATES OF FAEE- 
 
 From 
 
 To 
 
 Cabin. 
 
 Deck. 
 
 From 
 
 To 
 
 Cabin. 
 
 Deck. 
 
 Cleveland, 
 
 Detroit, 
 
 $3 00 
 
 $2 00 
 
 Cleveland, 
 
 Portage Lake, 
 
 $16 00 
 
 $10 00 
 
 " 
 
 Mackinac, 
 
 7 00 
 
 6 00 
 
 " 
 
 Cop. Uarbor, 
 
 16 00 
 
 10 00 
 
 " 
 
 Saut St. M., 
 
 9 00 
 
 5 00 
 
 " 
 
 Kagle Harbor, 
 
 16 00 
 
 10 00 
 
 
 Munising, 
 
 1.5 DO 
 
 9 00 
 
 " 
 
 Ontonason, 
 
 18 00 
 
 11 00 
 
 
 Marquette, 
 
 15 00 
 
 9 00 
 
 It 
 
 Bayfield, 
 Superior City, 
 
 20 00 
 22 00 
 
 11 00 
 13 00 
 
 1858 CLEVELU'D, DETROIT & UKE SL'PERIOR LIXE. 1858 
 
 The Splendid, Upper Cabin, Floating Palace Steamer, North Star, Capt. 
 B. G. Sweet, is not surpassed in point of speed and accommodations, by any 
 boat on the Lakes. It performs its trips with surprising regularity. Rooms 
 secured for the round trip, (time eight days,) by applying on board, or to 
 
 HANNA, GARRETSON & Co., Agents, Cleveland, Ohio. 
 S. P. BRADY, Detroit. 
 
 1838 
 
 FOR LAKE SUPERIOR. 
 
 1S38 
 
 The Splendid New Propeller Northern Light, Captain J. Spaulding, and 
 the Manhattan, Captain Cliarles Caldwell. 
 
 For Freight or Passage, apply on board, or to 
 
 HANNA, GARRETSON & Co., Agents, Cleveland. 
 
1858. FOR LAKE SUPERIOR. 1858. 
 CHICAGO, MILWAl KIE AND LAKE SIPEIUOR LIKE. 
 
 Steamer LADY ELGIX, E. II. Tompkins, Commander, cannot be surpassed 
 by any steamer floating the Western waters, and is the onlij Boat that can be 
 relied on from Chicago, by passengers wisliing to go to the City of Superior, 
 and connecting at Superior with steamers lor towns on the North Shore, and 
 also at Maclvinaw, with the Coihngwood Boats. 
 
 For Freight or Passage, apply to 
 
 A. T. SPENCER & CO., Agents, Chicago. 
 
 1858. THE SHORTEST ROUTE FROM 1858. 
 
 BOSTON, NEW YORK & PHIUDBLPHIA 
 
 TO THE GREAT "WEST. 
 
 Pennsylvania Central Railroad, from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, and thence 
 by railroad to Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago, Burlington, Indianapolis, St. 
 Louis, Kansas, St. Paul's, and all other points in the Great West. 
 
 This Road also connects at Pittsburg with Daily Lines of Steamers to all 
 ports on the Western rivers, and at Cleveland and Chicago with Steamers to 
 all ports on the North-Western Lakes, and all the new towns on Lake Su- 
 perior, making I he cheapest, moat direct and reliable route by which Emigrants 
 and Freight can be forwarded to all these j)oints. 
 
 Close connections are made with this Railroad Line at Philadelphia, by all 
 the Passenger Trains running westward from Boston and New York. 
 
 Two through trains leave Philadelphia daily, forming close connections at 
 Pittsburg to all poiuts West. 
 
 Fast Mail and Accommodation Trains, (Sundays excepted,) viz : 
 
 Fast Mail Line at 1.00 P. M., arriving in Pittsburg at 3.20 A. M. 
 
 Express Mail Train at 11.00 Night, " '> 1.55 P.M. 
 
 Returning — Fast Mail Train leaves Pittsburg at 8.00 A.M., arrives in Phila- 
 delphia at 12.10 Night. 
 
 Express Mail Train at 10.00 P. M., arrives in Philadelphia at 12.40 P. M. 
 
 C ITY «F SUPCISIOIS, 
 
 CORNER OF HOLLINGSHEAD AVENUE AND SECOND ST., 
 
 Is a First class Hotel, kept in New York style. Every attention given to the 
 comfort of guests. Pleasure yachtij and teams for the accommodation of 
 visitors, etc. 
 
 L4TE OF ST. PAUL, Ml^IV. 
 
 General Agent for the purchase and sale of property in Bayfield, Superior, 
 Munising, etc. Maps of the Lake Superior towns can be seen at his office, 
 
 ^YasliiDgtou Buildings, Third Street above Spruce, 
 
 PICTURED ROCKS— LAKE SUPERIOR 
 
 Yachts and experienced guides furnished to convey travellers desirous of 
 viewing these wonderful works of nature, at the new Town of Munising. 
 
 AUi^. 
 
 B' 
 
 \Q.&^ 
 
• HO! FOR I ^^ wwic-mN! 
 CAMDEN AND ATLANTIC RAILROAD, 
 
 FROM PHILADELPHIA TO THE ATLANTIC OCEAN. 
 
 This Road, connecting at Philadelphia with the great Pennsylvania 
 Central, the New York and all other railroads, affoids travellers an 
 opportunity of a dip in Old Ocean, and return the saiue day. Passen- 
 gers are conveyed in the cars to the different hotels, etc. It is the only- 
 railroad in the United States affording these facilities. Two Passenger 
 Trains, daily, Sundays excepted, to Atlantic City. 
 
 First Passenger Train will leave Vine street wharf, - 7 30 A. M. 
 Second " « " - 4.00 P. M. 
 
 LEAVE ATLANTIC. 
 
 First Passenger Train will leave Atlantic City, - - 5.00 A. M. 
 Second « « « . - 4.30 p. M. 
 
 Persons wishing to go and return same day, can spend six hours on 
 the Beach. 
 
 Freight Train, with Passenger Car attached, will leave Cooper's 
 Point at 10, ,A. M., Monday, Wednesday and Friday. Leave Atlan- 
 tic, Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 10.35 A. M. 
 
 Fare from Philadelphia to Atlantic, $1 60. 
 
 ^^TLA.]SrTIC CITY, 
 
 ISAAC THAYER. 
 
 UTBI. McABOY, 
 
 BA^YFIELD, W 1 !«€0]^$1IV, 
 
 CIVIL ENGINEER, SURVEYOR AND REAL ESTATE AGENT. 
 
 HEAL ESTATE AGENT, 
 
 BAYFIELD, WIJ!%CO]%'«li\. 
 
 BAYFIELD TO\¥i\ LOTIS FOR iHALE, 
 
 At BAYFIELD, WISCONSIN. See advertisements. 
 
 JAini^S Hi. RFICHIE, COMlfJlSISlOrVER, 
 
 Appointed by the Governors of the States of Wisconsin, Michigan and 
 Minnesota, to take Acknowledgments of Deeds and other writings, 
 administer oaths, affirmations, etc. 
 
 No. 714 Pine Street, Philadelphia. 
 
iM iO