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CALIFORNIA REDWOOD 
 
 Copyright 1915 
 THE PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY 
 
 
 /r- a J^^/ 
 
 ©CI,AJ10a93 
 
 Page Two 
 
THE PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY 
 
 In the Redwoods 
 
 Si/ A. D. NORDHOFF 
 
 S IN some vast cathedral, one looks up 
 Through columns, carved and tinted deep by time. 
 Up, up to where the light grows faint; and where 
 Through windows, made by dust of ages dim 
 A few pale sunbeams strive to force their way; 
 So in the redwoods. Midst the columns vast 
 Of nature's great cathedral, gazing up 
 One finds the same dim distance and the same 
 Pale sunbeam and the same dim, far-off light; 
 But in the place of windows, filmed by time, 
 Great interlacing branches, tier on tier, 
 Set in a frame-work of the fern-like leaf; 
 And in between, faint glimpses of deep blue, 
 As if some master-hand, with earnest touch. 
 Had painted every space, 'twixt leaf and branch, 
 With tender color, like the Heaven's own. 
 
 Page Three 
 
CALIFORNIA REDWOOD 
 
 Many 2,000 
 Years Old 
 
 Enormous 
 in Size 
 
 T IS, indeed, "as in some vast cathedral" that one is im- 
 pressed by the giant Redwood Forests of California. None 
 but can feel the grandeur and sublimity of these mighty trees, 
 though few perhaps can put their feelings into words as has 
 the writer of this verse. 
 
 Many of these very Redv^oods that one sees today \vere 
 standing when the Wise Men of the East followed the brilliant 
 star two thousand years ago. 
 
 The enormous size that makes them so impressive is hard 
 to realize. They vary from 150 to 350 feet in height and 
 from 3 to 15 and even 20 feet in diameter. 
 
 Living in the hollow of a tree might not be so bad as it 
 sounds — if it were a Redwood tree. You could enjoy your 
 regular bed— you could have tables and chairs — everything, 
 just as you do at home. The illustration shows a home made 
 entirely from a Redwood log. 
 
 Page Four 
 
THE PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY 
 
 yja^ir. ; ■;• ---,j^3&- 
 
 
 '^ yOHH I tWmf^L U'-ft ' J 
 
 House Made from Redwood Log 
 
 One of the 
 monster Red- 
 woods, hol- 
 lowed out, 
 would make 
 an unbroken 
 elevator shaft 
 for the Flat- 
 iron Building 
 in New York 
 City. It 
 
 would tower fully 50 feet above the torch of the Statue of 
 Liberty. Out in Santa Rosa, California, there is a church, 
 seating 500 persons, built — seats, pulpit and all— from the 
 lumber of one Redwood tree — 78,000 feet, plus several 
 thousand shingles. 
 
 In speaking of the Redwood we refer always to the Sequoia 
 Sempervirens, the tree that grows in extensive commercial 
 quantities, as distinct from the Sequoia Gigantea, or so-called 
 "Big Tree" Redwoods that grow only in scattered patches in 
 the Sierra Nevadas. 
 
 The Redwood, then, is essentially a California tree, except 
 for a few hundred acres in Oregon, and is found 
 nowhere else in the world. It belongs, hov/ever, to 
 the same gen- 
 eral family as 
 the Southern 
 cypress and 
 Western red 
 cedar, and 
 possesses 
 many quali- 
 ties in com- 
 mon "with 
 these woods. 
 It is confined 
 for the most 'i_ 
 
 pclll lO llie Church at Sanla Rusa, CaUfornia, Made from Lumber from Single Redwood Tree 
 
 Taller than 
 the Statue 
 of Liberty 
 
 The Two 
 Kinds of 
 Redivoods 
 
 Page Five 
 
CALIFORNIA REDWOOD 
 
 Where the 
 
 Redwood 
 
 Grows 
 
 Tqinidad 
 Eureka 
 
 SCOTIA< 
 
 Northern Counties — Del Norte, Humboldt and Mendocino. 
 Growing on the Pacific Slopes of the Coast Range, the Red- 
 wood, as shown on the map, forms a narrow strip along the 
 Pacific varying from 10 to 35 miles wide and some 300 
 miles long. The other isolated patches further south are not 
 of commercial importance. 
 
 Redwoods grow very close together and thus, with their 
 A Century's enormous size, the average will run from 75,000 to 100,000 
 Supply board feet per acre. A single acre of these forests has yielded 
 as high as 1,000,000 board feet. 
 
 It is estimated that there is standing today about 75 billion 
 
 feet of Redwood timber. At the present 
 rate of production there is over a cen- 
 tury's supply within this comparatively 
 limited area in California. 
 
 Paradoxical as it may seem, America's 
 
 oldest tree is the least known and the last 
 
 A to be put to extensive use in the service 
 
 jm of mankind. It was not until 1850 that 
 
 \|Bl any Redwood was cut for the market, 
 
 ^^ Sacramento \ True, the early Spaniards near San 
 
 ^^ ® \^ Francisco Bay had cut some for their 
 
 immediate use, and Russian set- 
 tlers, about 100 years ago, em- 
 ployed Redwood in their 
 construction. But these 
 operations were too 
 small to be consid- 
 ered commercial. 
 Perhaps the 
 most prom- 
 inent of 
 the early 
 lumbering 
 enterprises 
 was that 
 of the 
 Redwood 
 
 San Francisco 
 
 The Black Areas 
 Show the Only 
 
 Redwood Forests 
 
 of Commercial 
 
 Importance in 
 
 the World 
 
 Page Six 
 
THE PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY 
 
 Lumber Manufacturing Company, formed in 1850 and incor- 
 porated in 1853. It was managed by Henry Meiggs, who 
 brought machinery around the Horn and started logging and First 
 milling at the mouth of the Big River. Heretofore all lumber Commercial 
 used in California had been brought from the Eastern States Logging 
 and Europe by way of Magellan Straits. Consequently, it 1850 
 was very expensive. It was this fact that prompted Meiggs — 
 a man of large ideas — to develop a local supply. 
 
 The account of the difficulties that w^ere met with and 
 overcome in establishing this mill and getting it started, reads 
 more like one of Fennimore Cooper's romances than the story 
 of a business enterprise. 
 
 From this small beginning the industry has grown steadily. Output Now 
 Today there are 18 or 20 large mills with a total annual out- 600,000,000 
 put of some 550 to 600 million feet. Feet Yearly 
 
 In those parts of California where Red^vood grows it was 
 originally, and in fact still is, used for general building pur- 
 poses, including studding, joists, flooring, inside and outside 
 finish, but as people generally got better acquainted with the 
 individual characteristics of Redwood lumber, they appre- 
 ciated the fact that it had peculiar qualities fitting it for certain Qualities Not 
 uses in a degree not possessed by other woods or other Possessed 
 materials. In other words. Redwood is a specialty wood, and hy Other 
 it is the purpose of this book to explain these properties of Materials 
 Redwood, and suggest uses to which it should be put. 
 
 In California these facts are commonly known, but east of 
 the Rocky Mountains and in foreign countries trade has 
 developed slowly, due both to lack of knowledge and poor 
 transportation facilities. In spite of this, the extreme beauty 
 and durability of the wood has partially overcome these dis- 
 advantages, and even now eastern and foreign shipments 
 amount to about 150 million feet annually, divided about 
 equally between this country and abroad. With the new 
 facilities for rail and water transportation described later in 
 this book. Redwood becomes easily available in every part 
 of the world, and the natural merits of the wood will now 
 win for it the recognition it deserves. 
 
 Page Seven 
 
CALIFORNIA REDWOOD 
 
 Properties of Redwood 
 
 Light and 
 
 Easily 
 
 Worked 
 
 Does Not 
 
 Shrink, 
 
 Warp, or 
 
 Swell, When 
 
 Properly 
 
 Dried 
 
 Buried 600 
 
 Years — 
 
 Makes 
 
 First Class 
 
 Lumber 
 
 Redwood is light and soft, yet firm. It works easily and 
 holds nails ^vell. Dry weight of wood, 26.2 pounds per cubic 
 foot. (Any wood under 30 is regarded as light. Cypress is 
 27.6). 
 
 One of the greatest problems that the Redwood manufac- 
 turer has had to solve has been that of proper seasoning. 
 Redwood, like all other woods, will shrink \vhen green, but 
 unlike others, there is practically no shrinkage, warping, or 
 swelling when it is thoroughly dry. This "staying put" quality 
 makes it extremely valuable for many particular and exacting 
 uses, such as pattern v/ork, organ pipes, incubators, silos, etc. 
 A detailed description of one of the best methods of seasoning 
 Redwood ^vill be found later in this book. 
 
 Resists Decay 
 
 Redv/ood is not susceptible to rot influences, resisting the 
 action of weather, ^vater and underground conditions as few 
 other woods do. In Humboldt County, California, a Red- 
 wood log was found bound down by the roots of a spruce 
 tree that had just been cut. The annular rings of the spruce 
 
 Page Eight 
 
THE PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY 
 
 Townsend Street, near Sixth, San Francisco, Looking East. Redwood Warehouses Unharmed by Fire Which Raged Across the Street 
 
 tree showed it to be 600 years old. The Redwood log had 
 remained buried all that time. It was dug out, sent to the 
 mill and sawed into first class lumber. One of the reasons 
 for this resistance to decay is assumed to be the peculiar acid 
 found both in the bark and in the wood itself. This repels 
 the fungi that cause decay. Another is the extremely slow 
 development of the tree, even w^ith the damp, rainy condi- 
 tions under which it grov/s. 
 
 Buildings made of Redwood erected at Fort Ross, Cali- 
 fornia, by Russian settlers in 1811 are still in an excellent 
 state of preservation and are in constant use. Redwood fence 
 posts dug up after being in the ground anywhere from 75 to 
 1 00 years were found to be in good condition. 
 
 Erected in 
 1811. In 
 Constant 
 Use Today 
 
 Made Fire Resistant by Nature 
 
 Redwood, containing as it does no pitch or other resinous 
 substances, is slow^ to ignite, and offers unusual resistance to 
 fire. Forest fires sweeping through the underbrush leave the 
 Redwood trees unharmed. 
 
 As Redwood absorbs water readily, fire can be quickly 
 extinguished once it has taken hold. At many places in the 
 great San Francisco fire, in 1906, the conflagration was 
 stopped v/here Redwood houses faced the flames. 
 
 Redwood 
 Contains 
 No Pitch 
 
 Page Xine 
 
CALIFORNIA REDWOOD 
 
 San Fran- 
 cisco Fire 
 Furnishes 
 Proof 
 
 Burns Much 
 
 Slower — 
 
 Easier to 
 
 Extinguish 
 
 Just following the fire, the Building Committee appointed 
 by the Mayor to determine the character of building materials 
 to be permitted in the work of reconstruction, adopted the 
 following resolution: 
 
 "RESOLVED that no permits shall be given at the present time for 
 the construction of any buildings in San Francisco, but owners of 
 property will be allowed to proceed and erect upon their premises 
 one-story buildings constructed of galvanized iron or Redwood without 
 a permit." 
 
 P. H. Shaughnessy, Chief Engineer San Francisco Fire 
 
 Department, writes: 
 
 "After an extended experience of more than 22 years in active con- 
 nection with the San Francisco Fire Department, the results of my 
 observation convince me that under similar conditions of heat exposure 
 Redwood lumber ignites much less quickly and burns much more slowly 
 than pine or other kinds of resinous, soft building woods with which I 
 am familiar, and I am also convinced that when Redwood becomes 
 ignited the fire is much more easily extinguished than in the combustion 
 
 of or other soft building woods. The reason for these differences, 
 
 I think, is largely owing to the fact that Redwood is well known as a 
 non-resinous wood." 
 
 Twentieth Street, Between Mission and Lexington, San Francisco. The Fire Stopped at These Redwood Houses 
 
 The Telephone Poles Are Also Redwood 
 
 Page Ten 
 
THE PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY 
 
 -TS-Z A^ 
 
 ' -va. 
 
 Government Tests 
 
 N STRENGTH and stiffness, Redwood compares favorably 
 \vith other lumber. Government Bulletin 108, Department 
 of Agriculture, entitled "Tests of Structural Timbers," says: 
 "Redwood is one of the most desirable species from which 
 heavy structural timbers may be secured." 
 
 Following are figures gathered from tests made with 
 different kinds of lumber by the United States Forest Service 
 experts : 
 
 Modulus of Rupture (breaking strength when tested as a beam): 8,000 
 pounds per square inch on pieces 2x2x30, at moisture of 15.7% (Forest 
 Service). This is 62% that of white oak. 
 
 Breaking Strength of various woods: 
 
 Redwood 8,000 pounds 
 
 Breaking Western Red Cedar 10,500 
 
 Strength Southern White Cedar 6,300 " 
 
 Northern White Cedar 7,200 
 
 Cypress 7,900 
 
 Factor of Stiffness ( resistance to deformation ) : 
 
 Redwood 1,140,000 pounds square inch 
 
 Factor of Western Red Cedar 1,460,000 
 
 Stiffness Southern White Cedar 910,000 
 
 Northern White Cedar 750,000 
 
 Cypress 1,240,000 
 
 Redwood is equal in strength to cypress, slightly stronger 
 than Eastern cedars and slightly weaker than Western cedars. 
 
 Government Circular 193, Department of Agriculture, 
 Forest Service, entided "Mechanical Properties of Redwood," 
 says: "In bending and compression at right angles to the grain. 
 Redwood is about four-fifths as strong as Douglas Fir, while 
 in shearing strength and compression parallel to the grain for 
 small, clear specimens, the two species are practically equal." 
 
 Page Eleven 
 
CALIFORNIA REDWOOD 
 
 WAX FINISH: In this as in all other finishes, first carefully scrape and 
 sandpaper surface of wood until grain is perfectly smooth. Then apply two 
 coats of any good wax thinned out, 1 pound of wax lo 1 gallon of turpentine. 
 Allow 24 hours for drying between coats. When last coat is dry, rub up 
 carefully and thoroughly with a stiff brush and finish with a cloth. Where 
 a uniform color-effect is desired, add to the wax Vx ounce ground burnt 
 sienna and !4 ounce Van Dyke brown ground in Japan. 
 
 JAPANESE BROWN: Burn surface of wood evenly with a painter's lamp 
 until it is all thoroughly charred. Clean of? with stiff brush and wash with 
 alcohol. No wax, varnish or shellac should be applied. This also produces 
 a beautiful effect on vertical grain stock. 
 
 Different effects can he produced by v 
 well to experiment on sample pieces 
 
 A Wonderful Interior Finish 
 
 EDWOOD is particularly adapted for all classes of interior 
 work, from the simplest to the most ornate, from the modest 
 bungalow to the costly mansion. It is exceptionally valuable 
 for paneling and doors, for it does not swell, shrink, warp or 
 crack. Doors made of this lumber are light, strong and prac- 
 tically impervious to changes of climate. 
 
 Clear Redwood is remarkable for its even grain and free- 
 dom from knots or blemishes, so that it is unnecessary to 
 select special pieces in order to achieve a handsome effect. 
 
 Page Twelve 
 
THE PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY 
 
 COROT BROWN: Gives best results on hard slash grain material. Care- 
 fully smooth the surface, then saturate 1 quart 26-deeree crude ammonia with 
 4 ounces tannic acid powder, shaking powder intoammonia until precipitate 
 forms in bottom. Follow one application with a coatof bichromate of potash 
 wash ( 1 ounce bichromate in 3 pints of water) . Wax same as natural finish. 
 
 ''oportions of the mixture and it is 
 ing these formulas on an entire room. 
 
 SILVER GRAY: Prepare ihe surlace of the wood carefully. Apply one 
 coat of solution made as follows: Bring to a boil 4 ounces verdigris powder 
 wiih '/i gallon strong cheap vinegar or dilute acetic acid. Bring to a boil 2 
 ounces nutgall powder with Vi gallon of water. Mix the two and add 10 
 ounces soapstone powder. Keep stirred while applying. When dry if effect 
 is not gray enough add another coat. When dry brush off all loose powder 
 and wax as directed for natural finish. Then putty all nail-holes, mixing the 
 putty three shades darker than the wood color. Use plaster of paris to stiffen 
 the putty and let it dry for 24 hours before applying a second coat of the wax. 
 
 A great variety of grains are obtainable, ranging all the way 
 
 from the plain grain of the straight logs to the curly grain of Any Style 
 
 the stump-wood and roots, and the complicated and beautiful Finish 
 
 burls. These grain effects, taken with the range of color from Obtainable 
 
 light cherry to darkest mahogany, provide the builder with 
 
 an almost infinite number of combinations. 
 
 Even in its natural state Redwood makes a beautiful finish, 
 and by waxing, its natural color may be preserved. The fibre 
 of the wood and entire absence of pitch permit it to take and 
 hold the stains and varnishes through which the great variety 
 of finishes may be obtained. 
 
 A few of the popular finishes are shown here, but it is 
 
 Page Thirteen 
 
CALIFORNIA REDWOOD 
 
 ci,. 
 
 Above— Dining Ruui.. Wo, ,,»,„.„] o„.i li.amoJ m Redwoo.i-Kesidence of Charles Pillsbury, Lake Minnelonka, Minnesota, tdwin H. Hewitt. ARhilect 
 Below— Dinine Room Finished Entirely in Redwood— "Darlington," Residence of Emerson MacMillan. Rumapo Hills. New Jersey. James Brite, Architect 
 
 Page Fourteen 
 
THE 
 
 PACIFIC 
 
 LUMBER 
 
 COMPANY 
 
 
 _-^-... _:____.:^v_^.. :: 
 
 — - _^..__ 
 
 - TfTiprTiSir.TTT^ .•r^--' - 
 
 impossible to reproduce the full values of the finishes them- 
 selves. This particular use of Redwood is a subject of such 
 magnitude that it requires treatment in a separate book, which 
 will be sent upon request. 
 
 Illustrations are also given of Redwood interiors. Among 
 the best examples of the great variety of finishes that may 
 be obtained with Redwood are the offices of The Pacific 
 Lumber Company, occupying the seventeenth floor of the 
 Hobart Building, in San Francisco. See pages 31 and 32. 
 
 For All Kinds of Exterior Work 
 
 So durable is Redwood that shingles and siding made of 
 this wood frequently wear out before they rot. At the 
 World's Fair in Chicago, in 1893, were exhibited shingles 
 from the roof of the old quarters of General Grant at Fort 
 Humboldt, Eureka, California, in 1853. When General 
 Grant was first stationed there the shingles ^vere in service, 
 and 40 years afterwards were still in use — sound, although 
 worn thin by wind-driven sand. The Redwood door and 
 window frames of the old fort building were still well pre- 
 served after more than 60 years' exposure. 
 
 Redwood 
 
 Finish 
 
 Book 
 
 Redwood 
 Shingles 
 and Finish 
 in Use Sixty- 
 Years and 
 Still Sound 
 
 A Redwood Exterior— Residence of W. W. Fuller, Briarcliff Manor, New York. Arthur T. Remick, Architect 
 Page Fifteen 
 
CALIFORNIA REDWOOD 
 
 The Home of Redwood," at Panama- Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, 1915. Louis C. Mullgardt, Architect 
 
 In First 
 
 Class 
 
 Condition 
 
 After 42 
 
 Years' 
 
 Service 
 
 No Lumber 
 
 Can Fully 
 
 Take the 
 
 Place of 
 
 Redwood 
 
 This paragraph, from a letter from A. Cottrell, Eureka, 
 California, gives another interesting instance: 
 
 "In the winter of 1870 I shingled my house at Eureka with Redwood 
 shingles. They were not painted at that time. They were first painted 
 about the year 1880, and again about 1895. The shingles were not 
 removed from the roof of the house until September, 1913. They were 
 in service 42 years, and on being taken off the roof were found to be in 
 first class condition. Had they been painted when first laid and kept 
 painted every few years, 1 believe they would have been good for 
 twice that length of time." 
 
 Practically every part of a house can be built of Redwood 
 to advantage, but it is especially desirable for foundations and 
 all exterior work, such as siding, shingles, cornices, gutters, 
 porch floors, columns, etc. Durable, proof against decay, 
 resistant to fire, free from shrinkage and swelling— this wood 
 seems ideal. For those places that are most exposed to rain 
 and weather, such as railings, columns and floors of porches, 
 and for use where there is contact v/ith the ground, such as 
 sills, there is no lumber that can fully take the place of 
 Redwood. 
 
 Page Sixteen 
 
THE PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY 
 
 The following extract, from a letter from Whiting Wreck- 
 ing Co., Los Angeles, refers to a typical case: 
 
 "Regarding the lasting qualities of Redwood, when laid upon the 
 ground for foundation work, or any other place where it is exposed, I 
 believe the same will outlast any other lumber. As an illustration: Last 
 year we wrecked some old buildings where the new annex of the 
 Hotel Alexandria is built. I was informed upon good authority that the 
 buildings had been there for the past thirty-five years. The foundations 
 which these buildings rested upon was 3x12 Redwood plank simply 
 laid on the surface of the ground. There were at least 25% of these 
 planks that were entirely sound. I do not think there were more than 
 three or four planks that were decayed more than 2S% of the thickness, 
 notwithstanding that they were exposed to the dry and damp weather 
 for that number of years." 
 
 It may be interesting to note, in this connection, that this 
 3x12 plank was afterward ripped into 3x4 and cut into 
 short lengths for fence posts, performing the work fully as 
 satisfactorily as new lumber. 
 
 Pergolas and Greenhouses 
 
 Redwood pergolas, summer houses and fences, whether 
 unpainted or painted, will outlast many years those made of 
 other woods not possessing similar qualities. No better lum- 
 ber exists for use in greenhouse construction. It is not 
 affected by the wet earth in the "benches," or by the differ- 
 ence in temperature between the outside and inside atmos- 
 phere at any time of year. Constant repairs due to decay, 
 warping and twisting are avoided when the greenhouse is 
 built entirely of Redwood. 
 
 Remarkable 
 Lasting 
 Qualities 
 of Redwood 
 for Foun- 
 dations 
 
 Repairs Are 
 Avoided 
 When 
 Redwood 
 Is Used 
 
 Redwood Greenhouses Erected by King Construction Co., at Newton Falls, Ohio. Each 400 Feet Long by 50 Feet Wide 
 Page Seventeen 
 
CALIFORNIA REDWOOD 
 
 Red\vood on the Farm 
 
 The Ideal In addition to shingles, siding and all 'round use in the con- 
 Material struction of farm buildings there are several special farm uses 
 for Silos that call unmistakably for Redwood. 
 
 The most important of these, or the one growing in impor- 
 tance most rapidly, is silo construction. A wooden silo is the 
 most economical, and if made of the right lumber, the best 
 Redwood form of construction. The trouble with wood silos has been 
 Lasts that they require the most attention when empty in summer 
 Longer time, w^hen they are most liable to be neglected. The hot 
 — Keeps weather shrinks the staves and the hoops get loose, sometimes 
 Silage causing the silo to "fall to staves." When Redwood is used 
 Better this trouble is entirely avoided, for this lumber is not affected 
 by any changes or extremes in temperature or moisture. 
 Neither is Redwood affected by the chemical action of the 
 silage, as are other w^oods and cement. 
 
 Following are extracts from a letter from a prominent silo 
 manufacturer, the McClure Company, Saginaw, Mich. : 
 
 " It is our ambition to 
 push the sales of Red- 
 wood and eventually 
 
 make it replace 
 
 entirely in the construc- 
 tion of the Saginaw silo. 
 
 " It has been positively 
 demonstrated to us in the 
 
 Redwood Silos on Farm of Henry Ford 
 
 Page Eighteen 
 
THE PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY 
 
 actual use of Redwood silos that Redwood makes the ideal silo material. 
 The fact that Redwood does not shrink or swell, is possibly the greatest 
 advantage in silo construction. Then again, there is the permanency 
 of the structure, due to the rot-resisting quality of the w^ood. 
 
 "We are enthusiastic about Redwood; our salesmen are enthusiastic 
 about it, and they are pioneering in sections of the country that have 
 never heard of Redwood." 
 
 Fences, particularly the posts, should be made of Redwood 
 because of its imperviousness to all forms of decay. Hitch- 
 ing posts of RedAvood will not be gnawed by horses on 
 account of the acid which the wood contains. This also 
 renders it immune to the attacks of insects. 
 
 Among special uses for Redwood on the farm may be 
 mentioned greenhouses, hot bed sash, bee hives, and incuba- 
 tors. For the latter it is now^ more generally used than any 
 other wood, because the contrast between the heat inside and 
 cold outside does not cause it to shrink, swell or split. 
 
 For Containers of All Kinds 
 
 Being unaffected by exposure to weather and water or 
 contact with the ground. Redwood has proved its worth for 
 wells, tanks, v/ater and feed troughs, flumes, pipes, drains, 
 culverts and cesspools. 
 For instance, bored 
 Redv/ood logs used as 
 water mains at Fort 
 Bragg, California, are 
 still sound and tight 
 after thirty-five years' 
 service. The Spring 
 Valley Water Co., sup- 
 plying the city of San 
 Francisco, is still carry- 
 ing "water through 
 flumes built of Red- 
 wood, 30, 40 and 50 
 years ago. One large 
 manufacturer of Red- 
 wood stave pipe says 
 
 Jk 
 
 Special 
 Uses on 
 the Farm 
 
 Redwood 
 Pipe Perfect 
 After 35 to 
 50 Years 
 of Service 
 
 Kedwood Wafer Tank 
 
 Page \ineieen 
 
CALIFORNIA REDWOOD 
 
 that this form of pipe will last 30 to 40 years. Many rail- 
 roads, particularly in the West, use Redwood almost entirely 
 for water tanks. In the oil fields it is used for oil storage 
 tanks very successfully. 
 
 The California Wine Association, as well as the indepen- 
 dent ^vineries, use Redwood tanks exclusively for storing and 
 ageing all their wines. This proves conclusively that there is 
 absolutely no taste, stain or smell to Redwood after it has been 
 seasoned and washed. (All Redwood tanks after erection 
 should be filled with water and allowed to stand for 24 hours, 
 then this ^vater drawn off and refilled for another 24 hours. 
 This will remove any trace of coloring due to the preserva- 
 tive acid found in Redwood alone.) 
 
 It is also particularly adapted to w^ater tanks, tanning vats 
 and leaches, brewers' tanks and vats, cyanide plants, acid 
 tanks and dyeing works. 
 
 Redwood plank was used to build tanning vats erected by 
 the Krieg Tanning Company of San Francisco in 1859. Hot 
 water and tannic acid are not conducive to longevity in most 
 woods, but v/hen some of the planks were removed from one 
 of the vats after 55 years of continuous service (above 
 ground, not buried as is often the case), they were found 
 good for many a year more. President McKay of the Krieg 
 Tanning Company writes: 
 
 "We found the Redwood of which these vats were constructed to 
 be perfectly sound, and we are, therefore, continuing to use the rest of 
 the vats that were put up at the same time." 
 
 For Con- 
 tainers of 
 All Kinds — 
 Free from 
 Stain, Taste 
 or Smell 
 
 Tanning 
 
 Vats in 
 
 Perfect 
 
 Condition 
 
 After 55 
 
 Years 
 
 Railroad Construction 
 
 For any type of construction that is much exposed to the 
 elements, such as bridges, culverts, telephone poles and rail- 
 road ties, where water and earth conspire to produce decay, 
 Redwood is the first choice of those who understand its 
 exceptional qualities. 
 
 The bridge shown in the photograph on the next page 
 is built entirely of Redwood. It is 640 feet long, 144 feet 
 high, and v/as constructed in 1906. A former bridge of the 
 
 Page Twenty 
 
THE PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY 
 
 same dimensions, also of Redwood, was built on the same spot 
 in 1884, and was wrecked by earthquake in 1906. At that 
 time after 22 years' service the bridge was in good condition. 
 The fame of Redwood railroad ties has spread all over the 
 world. They are used in England, on the Continent of Europe, 
 in India, China, the Philippine Islands, in South Africa, in 
 Mexico, and in South America. This may seem strange to 
 the uninformed, and it is due not only to the extraordinary 
 durability of the wood, but to its freedom from attack by 
 destructive insects, such as the white ant. 
 
 On this subject the Peruvian Corporation, Ltd., Lima, 
 
 Peru, says: 
 
 "I have the pleasure of informing you that California Redwood 
 sleepers or railroad ties are in general use on the railways of the cor- 
 poration, and have given distinctly satisfactory results. In so far as the 
 climatic conditions to which the sleepers are subjected are concerned, 
 I would say that these vary very much on the different railways ; in 
 some cases the sleepers are subjected to excessive dryness, and in 
 others to perpetual moisture. In some instances these conditions are 
 observable on the same railway, where a portion of the line is situated 
 in a region in which it never rains at all, whereas another portion is 
 almost always snow-covered." 
 
 Redwood 
 Ties 
 Famous 
 the World 
 Over 
 
 Railroad Bridge, 640 Feet Long, 144 Feet High, Built Entirely of Redwood 
 
 Page Twenly-one 
 
CALIFORNIA REDWOOD 
 
 Immune 
 
 from the 
 
 Attacks of 
 
 White Ant 
 
 Ties Laid 
 
 25 Years 
 
 Ago Still 
 
 in Service 
 
 Worn Ties 
 
 Serviceable 
 
 for Fence 
 
 Posts 
 
 From Southern Pacific Railroad of Mexico : 
 
 "The white ant is found on that part of the Southern Pacific Railroad 
 of Mexico traversing the State of Sinaloa and the Territory of Topic. 
 Through this State and Territory we have used the Redwood ties in 
 considerable quantities, but so far we have observed no destruction by 
 the white ant. In fact, we believe that the Redwood tie is immune from 
 the workings of this insect. 
 
 "As to the non-inflammability of Redwood, it is a well-known fact that 
 it will char under intense heat, but that it does not burn readily." 
 
 After experimenting -with all kinds of woods, some of them 
 even imported, two great transcontinental systems, the South- 
 ern Pacific and the Santa Fe, have selected Redwood in 
 preference to all other woods, where freight is not prohibitive. 
 Read this letter from the Southern Pacific Company : 
 
 "As indicating the great life of this timber against ordinary decay, I 
 have pleasure in informing you that we have today left in side tracks, 
 not very much used, some Redwood ties which were put into service in 
 1855. On other parts of the line we have in service many ties that 
 were laid from 20 to 25 years ago. 
 
 "For the siding and roofing of cars, for the foundations, siding and 
 roofing of buildings, and for water tanks, this timber is the most durable 
 of any that I know of, and when used for building purposes it has the 
 very valuable quality of not being easily set on fire, and when set on 
 fire it burns very slowly." 
 
 The following from E. O. Faulkner, Manager of the Tie 
 and Timber Department of The Atchison, Topeka and Santa 
 Fe Railway System, is of special interest : 
 
 "Until the last year or two our use of Redwood for ties has been 
 confined to the Valley and Los Angeles Divisions, our experience on the 
 latter, as you know going back to the construction of the road over 26 
 years ago. On the Visalia branch there are thousands that have been in 
 16 or 17 years, and the last time I saw them they were still in good shape. 
 
 "Of our Redwood ties taken out after long service, fully 80 per cent 
 are for mechanical wear, and of these not less than, say, 40 per cent are 
 still of service for fence posts, and when we do not need them for this 
 purpose, there is a good market outside for them at from 10 to 12 cents 
 
 each, which, of course, reduces the cost per tie-year to that extent; 
 
 The Redwood tie does not need treating, and it generally 
 
 lasts its mechanical life without this, which is again a saving. 
 
 "We have had a lot of Redwood ties in service on our main line 
 Mountain Divisions, with big tie plates of course, and I expect shortly to 
 advise their more general use on the main line, with tie rods, on curves, 
 
 and thus cut out our expensive hard woods after using 
 
 other switch ties at a very much higher value, and to less profit, we 
 are now coming back to the Redwoods, and our old section foremen 
 are much pleased with the change." 
 
 Page Twenty-two 
 
THE PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY 
 
 Commenting on this letter, Mr. A. G. Wells, General Man- 
 ager of the Santa Fe Railway, says that it 
 
 "so fully covers the ground as to leave me nothing to say, further than 
 that I endorse his statements, and besides being able to produce ties 
 which have been in the track, twenty years, I could find some on our 
 Fallbrook Branch which have been in track twenty-five years and are 
 still good." 
 
 Pattern makers like Redwood because it is possible to get 
 wide, clear pieces free of defects, and use it because it is easy 
 to w^ork and does not warp, shrink or swell. Likewise on 
 these accounts and because of its tonal qualities, this lumber 
 is used in musical instruments — for veneer cores, piano cases, 
 the w^ind chests and pipes of organs, for violins and harps. 
 
 Californians have realized for years that Redwood was the 
 most satisfactory v/ood for casket w^ork. It is light, dry, free 
 from odor or stain of any kind, does not shrink or sv/ell, is 
 easily worked to any pattern, lasts indefinitely in the ground, 
 and a good quality is obtainable at a reasonable price. Eastern 
 manufacturers are beginning to use it now and appreciate 
 that they can buy it cut to exact size, in stock widths or 
 put together on the Linderman machine, avoiding all waste. 
 
 Manufacturers of doors, furniture, and other veneered \vork, 
 and pianos use Redwood shorts for cores, on which to apply 
 veneers. Its freedom from warping and shrinking, the fact 
 that the grain will not raise, and its relatively low price com- 
 pared with other less desirable woods are the reasons. These 
 cores can also be had worked on the Linderman machine. 
 
 Redwood is rapidly coming into favor for cigar boxes. The 
 color of the ^vood closely approaches that of Spanish Cedar, 
 and where vertical grain stock is used the resemblance is 
 remarkable. Redwood is free from taste or smell, and thus 
 makes an ideal container for cigars. 
 
 In many w^ays Redwood is similar to Red Cedar, and 
 among other uses to which it has been put, both here and 
 abroad, is pencil stock- It is furnished in slats of the standard 
 sizes, largely vertical grain, and, except for the cedar smell, it 
 is difficult to tell the woods apart. 
 
 Miscellane- 
 ous Uses — 
 Patterns, 
 Musical 
 Instruments 
 
 Casket 
 Shells and 
 Boxes 
 
 Veneer 
 Cores 
 
 Cigar Boxes 
 and Pencil 
 Stock 
 
 Page Twenly-lhree 
 
CALIFORNIA REDWOOD 
 
 Crane System Dry Lumber 
 
 of Air-Drying Storage Shed, 
 
 Lines, capacity capacity 
 
 1 5.500 M a. 1 2,500 M ft. 
 
 Planing Mill 20 Leaver Patent 
 
 and Factory Lumber Dryers, 
 
 covering capacity l.OOOMfl. 
 
 3 acres weekly 
 
 Sawmill "B", Output 
 
 250 M ft. per day 
 
 of 10 hours 
 
 Lodging House. 
 
 Cook House and 
 
 Cottages for Mill "B" 
 
 ^ 
 
 LogS 
 
 Poi 
 
 capf 
 
 40,001 
 
 Plant of The Pacific Lumber Company at Scotia 
 
 THE PACIFIC Ll 
 
 Organized 
 
 in 1869 — 
 
 Paid 
 
 Capital 
 
 $9,133,000 
 
 Planing 
 
 Mill Covers 
 
 3V2 Acres 
 
 T SCOTIA, up in Humboldt County, California — 30 miles 
 south of Eureka and 265 miles north of San Francisco — is 
 located the largest Redwood plant, the mills of The Pacific 
 Lumber Company. In these mills the Company produces 
 some 125 million feet a year, or over 20 per cent of the total 
 annual Redwood cut. 
 
 The Pacific Lumber Company is one of the oldest concerns 
 in the Redwood business, having been originally organized in 
 February, 1869. It has today a paid capital of $9,133,000, 
 owns thousands of acres of Redwood timber, and the entire 
 city of Scotia, which through the Company's operations has 
 come to be known as the "Home of Redwood." 
 
 The tw^o great 3 -band sa^v mills at Scotia and the mam- 
 moth planing mill, covering SVz acres, are equipped throughout 
 with the most modern machinery and appliances. The Red- 
 wood is handled entirely by an electrical monorail and crane 
 system which reaches every section of the great air-drying 
 yards, the Leaver Dry-Curing Kilns and the big storage and 
 shipping shed where 1214 million feet of lumber may be 
 stored at one time. 
 
 Page Twenty-four 
 
THE PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY 
 
 Railroad Roundhouse 
 
 and Oil Supply 
 
 Tanks 
 
 Lodging House, 
 General Office Cook House 
 Building and Cottages 
 
 (or Mill" A" 
 
 Sawmill "A", 
 Stores and output 250 M ft. 
 
 Warehouses per day of 10 
 
 hours 
 
 Dry Lumber 8 Leaver Patent 
 
 Storage Shed. Lumber Dryers, 
 
 2.000 M ft. capacity 600 M 
 
 capacity ft. weekly 
 
 ounty, California, in the Heart of the Redwoods 
 
 [BER COMPANY 
 
 The electrical monorail and crane system of lumber han- 
 dling has been adopted more completely by The Pacific Electric 
 Lumber Company than by any other lumber manufacturer Monorail 
 on the Pacific Coast. Everything is done mechanically, and and Crane 
 it is the perfection of this method ^vhich, among other things, System 
 has brought about such enormous economies in the Com- 
 pany's production. 
 
 The lumber comes out of the mill on endless carriers and 
 passes to the traveling sorting table. Here it is graded and 
 chalk-marked, and traveling further along is thrown off in a Lumber 
 pile w^ith lumber of the same grade and size. The completed Handled by- 
 pile, now known as a "unit," is picked up by the traveling the Unit 
 crane and carried to a flat car for shipment, or to the mono- 
 rail yard, whence it can be moved to any part of the mills by 
 one of the several electric monorails. 
 
 Wharves and Storage Yard at Field's Landing, on Humboldt Bay, Showing Foreign Steamers Loadmg 
 Page Twenty-five 
 
CALIFORNIA REDWOOD 
 
 Electric Monorail Carrying a Unit of Redwood Lumber 
 
 Leaver Curing Process 
 
 HE PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY believes that its 
 responsibility as a Redwood Manufacturer does not cease 
 with the sawing of logs into boards. 
 
 It believes that a manufacturer should thoroughly season 
 and dry his lumber before putting it on the market. 
 
 Thorough This belief has become a creed \vith the Company, and it 
 
 Seasoning is for this reason it has v/orked out with such infinite care the 
 
 and Drying special LEAVER Kiln-Curing Process with which every 
 
 Essential piece of "^^ Redwood is treated. 
 
 Page Tn>enty-si.r 
 
THE PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY 
 
 Above — Electric Crane 
 
 Below — The Sorting Table 
 
 Page Twenty-seven 
 
CALIFORNIA REDWOOD 
 
 Exclusive 
 
 with The 
 
 Pacific 
 
 Lumber 
 
 Company 
 
 No Warping 
 
 or Disrupting 
 
 of the Fibre 
 
 The Company has absolute faith in this process. It guaran- 
 tees its Leaver cured product in every particular, for it knows 
 that the finished wood can not be damaged by the change 
 v/hich occurs in Redwood during the passage from the green 
 to seasoned, and the seasoned to dry state. 
 
 The Leaver Kiln Curing Process is used exclusively by 
 The Pacific Lumber Company. It was conceived and in- 
 vented by the man whose name it bears — an officer of the 
 Company — and it is in the Company's own mills, at Scotia, 
 that the process has been developed and perfected. 
 
 In this process the Company is carrying out an ideal for 
 which it has so long contended— that Redwood can only be 
 perfectly cured in the temperature and under the conditions 
 of its native air. By the Leaver system the lumber is seasoned 
 or dried in the nat- 
 ural out of door air 
 from 60 to 90 days. 
 Careful tests show 
 that during this 
 time 75% or 80% 
 of the moisture is 
 dried out of the 
 lumber, and the 
 drying process is so 
 gradual that the 
 wood is allowed to 
 adapt itself natu- 
 rally to the change 
 ^vithout any ^varp- 
 ing or disrupting of 
 the fibre, such as 
 takes place when 
 green lumber is 
 dried out by the 
 ordinary kiln-dry- 
 ing methods. After 
 the ^vood fibre has 
 been "set" in this Hauimg om the Logs 
 
 Page Twenln-cighl 
 
THE PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY 
 
 Alleys in Broken- On it Shed, lor Mixed Carload Orders. 80 M Square Feet in Size, with 1800 Compartments for Separate Storage 
 
 of Lengths, Widths, and Grades. Adjoining Is the Main Dry Shed, 1 lOM Square Feet in Size, 
 
 Capacity 1 2,500 M Feet, where Full Monorail Units .Are Handled 
 
 Avay, the curing process is completed in the Leaver Kilns 
 ^vhere the chief disadvantage of out-door drying— extreme 
 moisture from fog and rain — is eliminated and the precise 
 conditions of temperature, moisture and circulation are care- 
 fully preserved. 
 
 In brief, the Leaver process is an exact imitation of nature . 
 
 in those respects in which nature facilitates good lumber 
 drying, and a distinct improvement on nature in those respects "^^^^^^f"^^'^ 
 where she is harmful. 
 
 At no time during the process of curing is the lumber sub- 
 jected to a temperature greater than the heat of the sun's rays 
 in the State of California — the Home of Redwood. The nat- 
 ural temperature at Scotia, in the direct rays of the sun during 
 the best drying weather, does not exceed 140 degrees, and 
 the heat in the Leaver process is never allowed to go above 
 that point. 
 
 on Nature 
 
 Page Twenly-nine 
 
CALIFORNIA REDWOOD 
 
 New Transportation Facilities 
 
 Make Redwood Inexpensive and Easily Available 
 
 Direct 
 
 All-rail 
 
 Routes 
 
 San 
 
 fPANCISCO 
 
 New 
 
 Connections 
 
 Provide 
 
 Easier and 
 
 More 
 
 Economical 
 
 Shipping 
 
 Methods 
 
 Up to 1915 there had been no direct rail connection with 
 the Red^vood region. The lumber could be placed on the 
 eastern market only by water shipment to San Francisco and 
 Los Angeles Harbor where it was rehandled and reloaded 
 for rail transportation to eastern points. This method was 
 slow and expensive. It is now only a matter 
 of history, for, as shown by the map, the 
 Northwestern Pacific Railroad has completed 
 its line into Humboldt County and Redwood 
 can be shipped by all-rail routes to any part 
 of the country. 
 
 Almost simultaneously came the opening of 
 the Panama Canal, and with it the possibility 
 of marketing Redwood throughout the world 
 in parcel lots of 25,000, 50,000 and 100,- 
 000 feet, whereas, heretofore, it has been 
 necessary to sell in cargo lots of at 
 least a million feet in order to 
 secure reasonable freight rates. 
 These new transportation 
 facilities have made pos- 
 sible an easier and more 
 economical method 
 of making Red- 
 wood shipments 
 to the East, 
 as w^ell as to 
 foreign 
 countries. 
 They have 
 brought 
 R ed wood 
 into the 
 
 Page Thirty 
 
THE PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY 
 
 world market and put it in the class of inexpensive lumbers. 
 Placed thus within the reach of all, the natural and distinc- 
 tive advantages of Redv/ood are certain to become better 
 known, and, as it is more fully appreciated. Redwood will be 
 used in ever increasing quantities for the many purposes for 
 which it is so distinctly fitted. 
 
 Sales and Distribution 
 
 The General Sales Offices of The Pacific Lumber Company 
 occupy the entire 17th floor of the Hobart Building, 582 
 Market Street, San Francisco. From here the general sales 
 and distribution throughout the world are directed. 
 
 The Eastern Sales Office, conducted under the name of 
 The Pacific Lumber Company of Illinois, is located in 
 Chicago at 3612 South Morgan Street. The personnel of the 
 Eastern Sales organization is the same as composed the John 
 D. Mershon Lumber Company, until recently our exclusive 
 Eastern Sales Representatives. There also is the Quick-Ship- 
 ment Depot where all grades of Redwood are carried in stock 
 and from which shipments in less than carload lots can be 
 made on short notice. 
 
 Redwood 
 Noiv Within 
 Reach 
 of All 
 
 General 
 Sales Offices 
 
 Eastern 
 Sales Office 
 and Quick- 
 Shipment 
 Depot 
 
 OfHce of General Sales Manager, The Pacific Lumber Company 
 
 Page Thirlu-nne 
 
CALIFORNIA REDWOOD 
 
 Above — Reception Hall, Tlie Pacific Lumber Compaiij 
 
 Below — Office of the President 
 
 Page Thirtg-two 
 
THE PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY 
 
 Branch 
 
 Sales Offices 
 
 Dealers are particularly invited to make use of the facilities 
 of this Quick-Shipment Depot whenever they can not wait 
 for a shipment to come through from the Coast, or when they Ready to 
 wish to purchase small lots only. The establishment of this Co-operate 
 depot was due to the need of a place where small lots of With 
 Redwood could be obtained promptly, thus, to a certain Dealers 
 degree, bringing the Redwood timber right to the doors of 
 the eastern dealer. 
 
 For the same purpose the Company has established branch 
 Sales Offices in the following cities: 
 
 New York, Metropolitan Bldg. Kansas City, Mo., Reliance Bldg. 
 
 Saginaw, Mich., Bearinger Bldg. Worcester, Mass., 5 Lowell St. 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis., 767 Marshall St. 
 
 All Stocks will be invoiced from the Chicago office, how- 
 ever, and all eastern accounts will be handled there. Corre- 
 spondence should be addressed to the Chicago office or the 
 nearest branch office. 
 
 The export sales of The Pacific Lumber Company are 
 handled through the affiliated corporation of A. F. Thane &j 
 Co., with offices in the Hobart Building, 582 Market Street, 
 San Francisco, California. A. F. Thane &j Co. also maintain Export 
 European offices at 607 Tower Buildings, Liverpool, England, Sales Offices 
 and at 91 Bishopsgate, London, E. C. They are represented 
 in Australasia by J. I. Falk &^ Co., Sydney, and have agencies 
 at the principal ports in China, South Africa and South America. 
 
 Eastern Sales OfBce and Quick-Shipment Depot, Chicago 
 
 Page Thirly-lhree 
 
CALIFORNIA REDWOOD 
 
 A Train Load Cut from a Single Redwood 
 
 The T. P. L. Co. Trade-mark 
 
 For the 
 
 Protection 
 
 of Customers 
 
 Stands for 
 High Grade 
 Lumber, 
 Honestly- 
 Sold 
 
 The Pacific Lumber Company believes that a manufacturer 
 should have confidence enough in his product to individualize 
 it by the use of a trade -mark wherever that is practicable. 
 Private brands are used in other lines of trade to distinguish 
 the "better kind" from the "common variety," and to pre- 
 vent customers being imposed upon through agents claiming 
 to sell what they do not in reality handle. 
 
 The copyrighted brand ,^^ of The Pacific Lumber Com- 
 pany is used not only on all letter-heads, invoices, price-lists, 
 etc., but on every bunch of shingles, every bundle of bevel 
 siding, every moulding tag, every package of turned balusters, 
 etc., and its use Avill be extended as rapidly as possible to 
 include other products. 
 
 As the trade generally become more familiar \vith ^^ 
 Redwood, they will understand that this mark means good 
 stock, well manufactured, properly dried and honestly sold. 
 
 Page Thirty-four 
 
THE PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY 
 
 ■^ T '^ 
 P "'> L 
 
 Trade-mark Reg. U. S. Pat. Off. 
 
 Written and Designed by 
 
 THE H. K. McCANN COMPANY 
 
 San Francisco 
 
539 - 
 
I 
 

 
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