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 Sf^PUbLlC SERVICES OF 
 <r£N.ZACHaR/ TAYLOR 
 
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 ^.« MiLLftRI) FILLMORE 
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Entered, according to Act of Connrress, in the year 1850, 
 
 BY F. J. DOW & CO., 
 
 fl the Clerk's Office of the District Court of tlie United Slates for the 
 
 Sou'.horn District of Niw-Vork. 
 
CITY OF MEXICO. 
 
 WOBTUERN EXTRKMITY OF PKUBLA DE LOS ANOELOS. 
 
(t.\ 
 
 LIFE 
 
 AND 
 
 PUBLIC SEEVICES 
 
 09 
 
 GEN. Z. TAYLOR: 
 
 INCLUDING-- 
 
 A MINUTE ACCOUNT OF HIS DEFENCE OF FORT HARRISON, IN 1812; 
 
 THE BATTLE OF OKEE-CHOBEE, IN 1837 ; AND THE 
 
 BATTLES OF PALO ALTO, RESACA DE LA PALMA, 
 
 AND OTHERS. 
 
 ^VITH FIFTEEN ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 TO WHICH IS ADDED, 
 
 SKETCHES OF THE OFFICERS WHO HAVE FALLEN IN THB 
 
 LATE CONTEST. 
 
 Edited 
 
 BY AN OFFICER OF THE U. S. A. 
 
 ALSO THE LIFE OF MILLARD FILLMORE. 
 Embellishied fvith Fifteen Beautiful Kngravingsi. 
 
 WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE 
 
 Death and Funeral of President Taylor, 
 
 N E VV - Y O R K : 
 
 PUBLISHED AT 128 NASSAU-STREET. 
 
 1850. 
 
iO \i^ i r 
 
BRIEF SKETCH OF THE LIFE OF 
 
 MILLARD FILLMORE, 
 
 VICE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 Millard "was born at Summer Hill, Cayuga County, New- York 
 January 7, 1800. On account of the embarrassed circumstances of his 
 father, his education was Urnited. At the age of fifteen, he went into 
 Livingston County, to learn the clothier's trade ; but in a few months 
 returned home. A library was formed in the town, and young Fillmore 
 became much interested in improving his mind. Judge Wood was 
 pleased with the efforts of Millard, and took him, at the age of nineteen, 
 into his office to study law, where he applied himself two years ; but 
 was obliged to teach school three months out of each year to secure 
 means in part to pay his expenses. He entered a law office at Buffalo 
 in 1821, and in 1823 was admitted to the bar, and began to practise at 
 Aurora. In 1830 he returned to Buffalo, where he still resides. 
 
 In 1829, Mr. Fillmore was elected a member of the Assembly for Erie 
 County, and was chosen to that honorable post three years in succession. 
 He exhibited much ability, and distinguished himself as a judicious and 
 talented statesman. In 1832, he was elected a Representative in Con- 
 gress. At the close of his term he returned to his practice of law ; but 
 was chosen again to represent his district in Congress in 1836. His 
 influence in that body was felt, and his talents and consistent course 
 were highly respected. In 1840, he was re-elected to Congress by a 
 larger majority than ever before. He continued to serve his country in 
 Congress until 1844, when he was nominated by the Whigs for Governor 
 of New-York ; but the late Silas Wright of the other party was elected. 
 In 1847, Mr. Fillmore was appointed Comptroller of th6 State of New- 
 York, by a majority of forty thousand, which office he now fills with 
 great ability. 
 
 At the Whig National Convention, convened in Philadelphia, 
 
 he was nominated for Vice President of the United States. 
 
 Millard Filhnore is a man who has risen from the humblest life to 
 the most honorable stations which the nation can afford. 
 
LIFE AND SERVICES OF GEN. ZACHARY TAYLOR. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 PRIVATE LIFE, 
 
 iNCESTRY— PARENTAGE-BIRTH AND CHILDHOOD— PERSONAL APPEARANCE— TRAITS 
 OF CHAR.CTER-STVLE OF HIS DESPATCHES-PECUNIARY CIRCUMSTANCES, ETC. 
 
 The brilliant events of the war upon the Rio Grande have directed the eyes 
 of the na on to a hero who is rapidly advancing to the highest pinnacle of fame. 
 We had been told that American^ were degenerating from the stern valor and 
 inanlv forSude of their ancestry, that we had lost the power to produce such 
 warrior a bore the starry emblem of our freedom through the revolutionary and 
 ":t wars, and that Amerfcan glory, like a weed of rag yet sickly g- w h - 
 destined to wither away under the mercenary influeniPfe of the age. 1 he recent 
 1 cesses of our arms, u'nder the command of an officer who -Y ^.j^r^Kt'Se 
 one of the oreatest captains of the present time, are proof to the world that lie 
 American people are fully possessed of all the elements of success in war, and that 
 ttTy need noLg but a proper field of action to display their military virtues 
 and capacities to the world. 
 
 Ancestry. 
 
 The American branch of the family from which Gen. Taylor springs origi- 
 nateS ith James Taylor, who emigrated to this country from Englaml ^^^e 
 year 1692, and located himself in the eastern part of Virginia Coming horn a 
 [and where the law of primogeniture was considered next to the law of God, it 
 was nll^^l lliat he sho'uld adhere in some measure to *e -- opinmn e^^^^^ 
 thou-h the very goal which he sought in coming here was an indiscnminaie 
 equali y amon J men. His own name was James, his eldest son look the same 
 and so of his eldest son down to the present time. It is a remarkable fact that 
 tZ hL in no cat died before the father ; and although "-rly two c^utur.^ 
 have elapsed since the first settlement of the family '.'^/"^^^Sf ' f ^j P^tfTa;. 
 still fair for a farther perpetuation of an innocent prejudice. Gen. Jame^ lay 
 lo orNewpor Kenfucky, is, at the present time, the senior ; having a son o 
 he same rme, aiid the'iatt;r, also,'one of the -^ "'™'lTn th'e w" 
 he-^lth Gen Taylor of Newport, was Quartermaster General n the A.my at 
 the time of Huu/surrendcr, an'd though now near eighty Ifli;^^^^^^^ 
 ,o denounce that unfortunate individual with a the force « y^^^Xr^fn Taw of 
 He is said to be worth near one million of dollars, andis the father-m-law ox 
 the Hon. John W. Tibbatts, of the House of Representatives. 
 
" PRlVATELl*ii. 
 
 The collateral branches, springing- of course from the younger sons and 
 daughters, have extended to many parts of Virginia, North Carolina and Ken- 
 tucky, and in fa^-t all over the Southern States, even into Texas. Many of our 
 mcst distinguished men have sprung from this family ; among others, James 
 Madison, John Taylor of Caroline, author of several well known political works, 
 Judge Pendleton of Virginia, anu 'ren. Menucan Hunt. Gen. James Taylor of 
 Newport, who as before stated is now "ving, and Hubbard and Richard Taylor, 
 younger brothers, emigrated to Kentucky among the very earliest of its pioneers, 
 The two latter took their wives with them from Virginia, but the former did not 
 marry until some time after his location at Newport. 
 
 Parentage. 
 
 The immediate parents of the subject of this biography were the very persons 
 who might be expected to produce so noble a son. His father was one of the 
 most daring of that band of enterprizing pioneers of the West who settled the 
 " dark and bloody ground," to use the Indian meaning of the word Kentucky. 
 Many instances are preserved in the traditions of that State of his desperate 
 encounters with the savages, and Governor Scott, who was sometimes a little 
 profane, is reported to have said that " if he had to storm the gates of Hell, he 
 should want Dick Taylor to lead the column !" Ho\y could the son of such a 
 sire be less than brave ? His mother was a woman of lofty spirit and educated 
 mind, devoted to her husband, and possessed of every virtue that can adorn 
 woman in her marital and parental relations. How could the offspring of such 
 a mother be less than a hero full of honor and manly feeling ? His father was 
 not only noted for his courage, but was a man of some eminence in the political 
 world, having been a presidential elector in Kentucky for many years, voting 
 for JefTerson, Madison, Monroe and Clay. He died near Lexington, on the 19th 
 of February, 1826. ■'J' 
 
 Birth and Childhood. 
 
 Zachary Taylor was born in the territory of Kentucky, in 1790, whilst it was 
 an appendage of Virginia, and two years before its admission into the Union as 
 an independent State. We have fixed this period for his nativity upon the au- 
 thority of his relative Mr. Tibbatts, who states that Gen. Taylor is now fifty-six 
 years of age. Little is known of his early years, but from the nature of the 
 country in which Tie lived, and the character of its inhabitants, we may suppose 
 that a great part of his youth was spent in those manly occupations and amuse- 
 ments which are the peculiar delight of the hardy sons of the forest. Hunting, 
 lishing, traversing the vast prairies and navigating the mighty rivers of the west, 
 are employments fitted to train any one for the hardships and privations of war. 
 enure him to suffering, give him unconquerable fortitude, and impart that spirit 
 of enterprise which impels to daring achievements. That such was the effect 
 upon young Taylor's character may be inferred from the fact that when about 
 seventeen years of age he swam from the Kentucky shore across the Ohio river 
 to the Indiana side and back again, without resting, in company with an older 
 brother long since dead. The feat was performed in the month "of March when 
 the river was swollen and chill, and far surpasses the famous one of swimming 
 the Hellespont, which is about a mile across and of delightful temperature. 
 His old. schoolmaster, Elisha Ayres, is still living at Preston in Connecticut, 
 and says that he remembers Zachaiy as being a very active and sensible boy 
 
 Personal Appearance. 
 
 Old Zack, as he is called, is about five feet nine or ten inches in height, and 
 lemarkable for the shortness of his legs in proportion to his body; he is stout 
 
 i' 
 
PRIVATE LIFE. 7 
 
 though not corpulent, and presents a straight, vigorous and muscular figure. 
 He IS very negligent about his dress, and many amusing anecdotes are told of 
 the awkward mistakes which have occurred from his shabby att-re. During 
 the Florida campaign a certain young officer, after receiving his commission, 
 was ordered to join the army in that quarter. His first duty was, of course, to 
 report himself to General Taylor. After a very tedious journey, however, 
 through the woods, our officer arrived at a small shanty, called a tavern, about 
 fifty miles from head quarters, where he thought proper to stay three days. 
 There were only two visitors besides himself. One of them, an oldish, shabby 
 looking man, with a black hat, minus part of the crown, and a piece of twine 
 for a riband, was very inquisitive, and amongst other things, asked our officer 
 what excuse he intended to make for his delay in reporting himself to the Gen- 
 eral. 
 
 " 0," said the officer, " they say Taylor is a very easy old soul, and I can 
 easily make up an excuse." 
 
 On going to bed that night, the officer asked the landlord who that impudent, 
 inquisitive old fellow was. " Why," said the host, " don't you know General 
 Taylor ?" 
 
 About an hour afterwards, at midnight, the tramp of a horse's feet was heard, 
 making large tracks towards head quarters. 
 
 General Taylor's eyes are grey ; his hair is black, and his face has a re- 
 markably mild and placid expression. 
 
 Traits of Character 
 
 Possessed of wonderful presence of mind, and great coolness and sagacity in 
 the hour of battle, he has acquired the expressive title of " Old Eough and 
 Ready," a phrase which is becoming rapidly as popular as Jackson's cognomen 
 * Old Hickory." As an instance of his characteristic calmness in the midst of 
 danger, it is said that during the battle of Resaca de la Palma, General Taylor 
 was silting on his horse in the thickest of the fight with his sword drawn, while 
 
 the balls were ratllir.g all around him. Col. C , the amiable Sutler of 
 
 the 4th, formerly mayor of Augusta, and well known for his courage and kind- 
 ness of disposition, remarked to him that it was getting rather hot, and proposed 
 to him to retire a little. " LeVs ride a little nearer, the halls loill fall behind usP' 
 was the General's reply. Brave as a lion, and manly in his demeanor, he is 
 full of generous feeling, and warmly beloved by the whole army. He is pro- 
 verbially attentive to those under his command, and takes the greatest interest 
 in their comfort and welfare. An officer who served under him in the Florida 
 war, in conversation with us remarked that his kindness to his men and officers 
 in illness in that sickly climate, endeared him to them as much, if not more 
 than his gallantry in the field. During the summer of 1S39, when the troops 
 were more than decimated by the yellow and congestive fevers, he was ever to 
 be found walking through the wards of the hospital, looking out with a keen eye 
 for the comforts of all, soldier and officer alike. Poor Lieutenant Griffin, his 
 favorite aid, died in the month of August, 1839, in the arms of our informant, 
 and Taylor stood by his side in his last agony, and when the suffering spirit of 
 that noble officer sprung up from its tenement of clay, Taylor knelt down by 
 the rude couch of the deceased soldier and burst into tears. A heart at once 
 EO full of true bravery and tender feeling ; formed for daring deeds, and still 
 capable of softness and tears, is not often seen in this iceb'^rg world of ours, and 
 when it is seen is always appreciated. 
 
 We have heard several very good anecdotes related i. General Taylor's 
 humor, which show that he is not too stern to enjoy a bit of fun. The follow- 
 ing is one of the number : — 
 
rniVATE LIFE. 
 
 During the war with the Seminoles, the army was frequently supplied with 
 corn which had become damaged by exposure to damp air. — Gen. Taylor had a 
 horse which was called " Clay-bank," a very good animal, but he did not par- 
 ticularly fancy Uncle Sam's musty rations. The General used to partake of the 
 flame fare as the soldiers under him, and so did " Clay-bank," so far as the corn 
 was concerned, but he was a little dainty. The General was very fond of hom- 
 iny, and musty corn made anything but a pleasant diet. He would not lay 
 himself liable to the suspicion of " picking," to the prejudice of the soldiers, so 
 old " Clay-bank" would be let loose among the sacks of corn, and after smellin<» 
 very carefully, the sagacious animal would commence gnawing a hole into one 
 which pleased him. The general would watch the manceuvre until he saw 
 I' Clay-bank" had made a choice, then, calling his servant, would direct him to 
 have "Clay-bank" stabled immediately for fear he might do mischief; but, he 
 would say, " as the animal has gnawed a hole in the oag, take out a quart or 
 so of the corn and make a dish of hominy." The trick was played several 
 limes, but by and bye, it became known that whenever " Clay-bank" gnawed 
 into a sack, sweet corn was to be found, and the incident became a standing 
 joke during the war. 
 
 Style of his Despatches. 
 
 Brevity is said to be the soul of wit, and " Old Rough and Ready" would 
 seem to be of opinion that military despatches should possess the same merit. 
 All his compositions are remarkable for their succicnt, plain style, and while 
 they have no redundances, contain everything that should be said. Secretary 
 Marcy, it is said, complained to Taylor " that his despatches were not suffici- 
 ently in detail ;" to which the old General replied, " that he was sorry for it- 
 i\idii\ieT^\ximio \\iem all he had to say!" 
 
 Pecuniary Circumstances. 
 
 Gen. Taylor possesses a large property, having received from his father a 
 considerable estate, which has been much increased by prudent management. 
 He owns a large plantation in East Feliciana parish, Louisiana, besides 
 extensive estates in Kentucky, and houses and lots in Louisville. The 
 largest strawberry gardens in the world are probably those on General Taylor's 
 estate at the mouth of the Licking river, opposite Cincinnati. They cover more 
 than one hundred acres. He has resided for 20 years in Baton Rouge and 
 was for some time stationed at Fort Gibson, on the Arkansas. 
 
 Family. 
 
 Gen. Taylor has one son and two daughters now living. The former wa? 
 recently made the bearer of his father's commission of Brevet Major General, 
 which was the first Brevet granted by Congress during the war with Mexico. 
 One of his daughters, now dead, was married to Hon. Jefferson Davis, a mem- 
 ber of Congress from Mississippi. He is a graduate of West Point, and an ac- 
 complished orator, and has been elected to the Colonelcy of the Mississippi regi- 
 ment of volunteers, ordered for service in Mexico. 
 
 Gen. Taylor married a lady of family, equal in respectability to any in Mary- 
 land. His wife was the sister of the late Major S. R. Smith, of the Marine Corps. 
 
 Lieut. Col. Joseph Taylor, Commissary of Subsistence, is a brother of Gen. 
 Taylor, and has been attached to the army since 1812. He is a man of high 
 standing and reputation. 
 
SERVICES DURING THE LAST WAR WITH GREAT BRITAIK. 9 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 SERVICES DURING THE LAST WAR WITH GREAT BRITAIN 
 
 IAYLOR's appointment to the army— BREAKING OUT OF THE WAR OF 1812— 
 
 INDIAN HOSTILITIES IN THE WEST GALLANT DEFENCE OF FORT HARRISON 
 
 TAYLOR BREVETTED MAJOR INTERESTING REMINISCENCE OF THE 
 
 SITE OF FORT HARRISON. 
 
 Taylor-s Appoi7itment to the Army. 
 
 It was soon after the affair of the Chesapeake and Leopard, when a war with 
 the mightest empire of Europe impended over the Republic, that young Zachary 
 Taylor, only eighteen years of age, applied for a commission in the army. He 
 ardently desired to signalize his valor against the old enemies of hi;^ country, 
 and hastened to obtain a position in which he might do honor to the American 
 name. At an early age he had associated himself with one of the numerous 
 volunteer corps of Kentucky, and obtained a high reputation for aptitude in 
 military science, which was his favorite study. Thus possessed of every sol- 
 dierly qualification, and supported by the popular feeling of his neighborhood, 
 and the influence of his family, it is not surprising that he speedily obtained the 
 object of his wishes. In 180S, the last year of Mr. Jeflierson's second adminis- 
 tration, and while Gen. Henry Dearborn was Secretary of War, Zachary Tay- 
 lor received the appointment of Lieutenant in the 7lh infantry, and commenced 
 nis military career in the regular service of the United States. Beloved and 
 respected by his brother officers, and admired by his superiors for his strict ob- 
 servance of duty and distinguished merit as a disciplinarian, he was rapidly 
 promoted, and we find him a captain in the same regiment before the 
 
 Breaking out of the War in 1812. 
 
 Our affairs with Great Britain had been for some time embarrassed in conse- 
 quence of their violation of our riirhts as neutrals, and a rupture became inevit- 
 able. On the 15lh of June, 1812, the President laid before Congress the 
 correspondence between our Secretary of State and the British Government, 
 which seemed to preclude all hope of coming to an adjustment, in the two prin- 
 cipal points in dispute, the orders in council, and the subject of impressment. 
 On the ISth of June, after sitting with closed doors, the solemn and important 
 appeal to arms was announced. The President had communicated his message 
 in which all our complaints against Great Britain were enumerated with great 
 force, and an opinion expressed that no remedy remained but open war. The 
 committee on foreign affairs, to whom the message was referred, concurred with 
 the President in recommending the measure. An act of Congress was accord- 
 ingly passed, which received the sanction of the President on the same day, anti 
 on the day following, the 19th of June, 1812, war was publicly proclaimed. 
 
 Indian Hostilities in the West. 
 
 A meetmg of the citizens of Vincennes was held as early as July 1811, to 
 memorialize President Madison to commence a war against the Indians of the 
 North Western Territory. Variv^a^ injuries and depredations had been com- 
 mitted by these savages, under the instigation of British agents, upon our popu- 
 lation, and it became necessary to teach them a lesson which should repress 
 their barbarities in future. In the year 1810, a Miami chief having received at 
 
10 SERVICES DURING THE LAST WAR WITH GREAT BRITAIN 
 
 Fort Maiden his annual donation of goods, was thus addressed by Ellicott, the 
 British agent : " My son, keep your eyes fixed on ne — my tomahawk is up— 
 be you ready — but do not strike until I give the signal." So long previous as 
 1808, an agent from the British provinces arrived at the prophet's town among 
 the Shawnces, and delivered a message the substance of which was to urge the 
 prophet to unite as many tribes as he could against the United States, but not 
 commence hostilities until they gave the signal. In the spring of ISll a great 
 belt was sent round among those tribes on our northern frontier, for the purpose 
 of uniting them in a confederacy, the object of which was " to confine the great 
 water, and prevent it from overflowing them." This belt upon its return was 
 shown to a prominent British agent in that country who danced for joy to see 
 that so many tribes had joined against the United States. Every account con- 
 firmed the belief that British agents among the Indians were exciting them 
 against us, and furnishing them with arms and munitions of war. Under these 
 circumstances it was not at all surprising that the American citizens who were 
 more immediately threatened with this savage outbreak should desire the Gov- 
 ernment to punish the Indians by force of arms before they could be joined by 
 their British and Canadian allies. 
 
 But through the activity of General Harrison, then Governor of the North- 
 Western Territory, their wishes were anticipated, and troops were marched into 
 the enemy's country before the Vincennes petition had reached the general gov- 
 ernment. On the 5th of October, 1811, the troops under the command of Gov. 
 Harrison had advanced to a point on the Wabash river sixty-five miles above 
 Vincennes, and after reconnoitring the country, the Governor determined on 
 building a fort there. On the 29lIi of the same month the fort was completed, 
 and at the unanimous request of the officers, was called Fort Harrison. This 
 was afterwards the scene of one of the most daring and glorious defences in the 
 whole war. 
 
 Defence of Fort Harrison. 
 
 Through the winter of 1811-12 the army, of course, suspended its operations 
 but in the following spring the Indians were joined by the British, and the war was 
 resumed with additional fury. The command of Fort Harrison on the Wabash 
 was entrusted to Captain Taylor, with a garrison of about fifty men. On the 
 night of the 4th of September this fort was attacked by a large body of Indians, 
 and it was then that the memorable defence was made. We might easily de- 
 scribe the batde from the abundance of material before us, but prefer giving an 
 account of it in the gallant commander's own language at the time. 
 
 Letter from Captain Z. Taylor, commanding Fort Harrison, hidian Territory- 
 
 to General Harrison. 
 
 Fort Harrison-, Sept. 10th, 1S12. 
 Dear Sir : On Thursday evening, the 2nd inst., after retreat beating, four guns veere 
 heard to fire in the direction where two young men (citizens who resided here) were mak- 
 ing hav, about 400 yards distance from the Fort — I was immediately impressed with an 
 idea that they were killed by the Indians, as the prophet's party would soon be here for the 
 purpose of commencing hostilities, and that they had been directed to leave this placi, 
 which we were about to do. I did not think it prudent to send out at that late hour of tL» 
 night, to see what had become of them, and their not coming in convinced me that 1 was 
 right in my conjecture— I waited until 8 o'clock next morning, when I sent a corporal with 
 a small p:>rty to find them, if it could be done without running too much risk of being 
 drawn into an ambuscade. He soon sent back to inform me that he had found them both 
 killed, and wished to know my further orders ; T sent the cart and oxen, had them, brought 
 in and buried, they had been" shot with two balls, scalped and cut in the most shocking 
 manner Late in the evening of the 4lh inst., old Joseph Lenar, and between 30 and 40 
 Indians arrived from the Prophet's town with a white flag; among whom were about ten 
 
SERVICES DURING THE LAST WAR WITH GREAT BRITAIN. 11 
 
 women, and the men were composed of Chiefs of the different Tribes that compose the Pro- 
 phet's party A Shawanoe man, that spoke good English, informed me that old Lenar 
 mtended to speak to me next morning, and try to get something to eat. At retreat beating 
 I examined the men's arms and found them all in good order, and completed with cartridges 
 to 16 pounds par man. As I had not been able to mount a guard of more than six privates 
 and two non-commissionfed officers, for some time past, and sometimes part of them every 
 other day, from the unhealthiness of the Company ; I had not conceived my force adequate 
 to the defence of this post, should it be vigorously attacked, for some time past. As I had 
 just recovered from a severe attack of the fever, I was not able to be up much through the 
 night. After tatoo I cautioned the guard to be viligant, and ordered one of the non-com- 
 missioned officers, as the sentinels could not see every part of the garrison, to walk on the 
 inside during the whole night, to prevent the Indians taking any advantage of us, provided 
 they had any intention of attacking us. About 11 o'clock I was awakened by the liring of 
 one of the sentinels. I sprung up and ran out, and ordered the men to their posts : when 
 my orderly-sergeant (who had charge of the upper block-house) called out that the Indians 
 had fired the lower block-house, which contained the property of the Contractor (wliich 
 was deposited in the lower part, the upper having been assigned to a corporal and ten pri- 
 vates as an alarm post.) The guns had began to fire pretty smartly from both sides. I 
 directed the buckets to be got ready and water brought from the well, and the fire extin- 
 guished immediately, as it was perceivable at that time. But fram debility or some other 
 cause the men were very slow in executing my orders — the word fire appeared to throw the 
 whole of them in confusion, and by the time they had got the water and broken open the 
 door, the fire had unfortunately communicated to a quantity of whiskey, (the stock having 
 licked several holes through the lower part of the building, after the salt that was stored 
 there, through which they had introduced the fire, without being discovered as the night 
 was very dark,) and in spite of every exertion we could make use of, in less than a moment 
 it ascended to the roof and baffled every eflTort we could make to extinguish it. As that 
 block-house joined the barracks that made part of the fortifications, most of the men im- 
 mediately gave themselves up for lost, and I had the greatest difficulty in getting my orders 
 executed — and, sir, what from the raging of the fire — the yelling and howling of several 
 hundred Indians — the cries of 9 women and children, (a part soldiers' and a part citizens' 
 wives who had taken shelter in the fort,) and the desponding of so many men, which was 
 worse than all — I can assure you that my feelings were unpleasant — and indeed there were 
 not more than ten or fifteen menable to do a great deal, the others being either sick or con- 
 valescent — and to add to our other misfoitunes, two of the stoutest men in the fort, and that 
 I had every confidence in, jumped the picket, and left us. But my presence of mind did 
 not for a moment forsake me. I saw by throwing off part of the roof that joined the block- 
 house that was on fire, and keeping the end perfectly wet, the whole row of buildings might 
 oe saved, and leave only an entrance of 18 or '20 feet for the Indians to enter after the house 
 was consumed ; and that a temporary breast-work might be erected to prevent their even 
 entering there. I convinced the men that this could be accomplished, and it appeared to in- 
 spire them with new life, and never did men act with more firmness or desperation. Those 
 that were able (while the others kept up a constant fire from the other block-house and the 
 two bastions) mounted the roofs of the houses, with Dr. Clark at their head, (who acted with 
 the greatest firmness and presence of mind the whole time the attack lasted, which was 7 
 hours,) under a shower of bullets, and in less than a moment threw off as much of the roof 
 as was necessary. This was done with the loss of one man and two wounded, and 1 am in 
 hopes neither of them dangerous, — the man that was killed was a little deranged, and did 
 not get off of the house as soon as directed, or he would not have been hurt — and although 
 the barracks were several times in a blaze, and an immense quantity of fire against them, 
 the men used such exertion that they kept it under, and before day raised a temporary 
 breastwork as high as a man's head, although the Indians continued to pour in a heavy fire 
 of ball and an innumerable quantity of arrows during the whole time it lasted, in every part 
 of the parade. I had but one other man killed, nor any other wounded inside the fort, and 
 he lost his life by being too anxious — he got into one of the gullies in the bastions, and fired 
 over the pickets, and called out to his comrades that he had killed an Indian, and neglecting 
 to stoop down, in an instant he was shot dead. One of the men that jumped the pickets, 
 returned an hour before day, and running up towards the gate, begged for God's sake for it 
 to be opened. 1 suspected it was a stratagem of the Indians to get in, as I did not recollect 
 the voice — I directed the men in the bastion, where 1 happened to be, to shoot him, let him 
 be who he would, and one of them fired at him, but fortunately he ran up to the other bas- 
 tion, wliere they knew his voice, and Dr. Clark directed him to lie down close to the oickets 
 behind an empty barrel that happened to be there — and at day-light I had him let in. His 
 arm was broke in a most shocking manner ; which he says was done by the Indians — which 
 I suppose was the cause of his returning — I think it probable that he will not recover. The 
 other they caught about 130 yards from the garrison, and cut him all to pieces. Aft^ 
 keeping up a constant fire until about six o'clock the next morning, which we began t^ 
 return with some effect after day-light, they removed out of reach of our guns A paity ot 
 
12 SERVICES DURING THE LAST WAR WITH GREAT BRITAIN. 
 
 them drove up the horses that belonged to the citizens here, and as tYiey could catch them 
 readily, shot the whole of them in our sight, as well as a number of their hogs. They 
 drove ofl'the whole of the cattle, which amounted to 65 head, as well as the public oxen 
 I had the vacancy filled up before night (which was made by the burning of the block-house) 
 with a strong row of pickets, which I got by pulling down the guard-house. We lost the 
 whole of our provisions: but must make out to live upon green corn until we can get a sup- 
 ply, which I am in hopes will not be long. I believe the whole of Miamies or Weas were 
 among the Prophet's party, as one chief gave his orders in that language, which resembled 
 Stone Eater's voice, and I believe Negro Legs ws« there likewise. A Frenchman here 
 understands their difiercnt languages, and several of the Miamies or Weas that have been 
 frequently here, were recognized by the Frenchman and soldiers next morning. The In- 
 dians suffered smartly, but were so numerous as to take off all that were shot. They con- 
 tinued with us until the next morning, but made no further attempt on the fort, nor have 
 we seen anything more of them. I have delayed informing you of my situation, as I did not 
 like to weaken the garrison, and I looked for some person from Vincennes, and none of my 
 men were acquainted with the woods, and therefore I would have to take the road or river, 
 which I was fearful was guarded by small parties of Indians that would not dare to attack a 
 company that was on a scout : but, being disappointed, I have at length determined to 
 send a couple of my men by water, and am in hopes they will arrive safe. I think it would 
 be best to send the provi^ons under a pretty strong escort, as the Indians may attempt to 
 prevent their coming. 
 
 If you carry on an expedition against the Prophet this fall, you ought to be well provided 
 with everything, as you may calculate on having every inch of ground disputed between 
 this and there that they can defend with advantage. 
 
 Wishing, &c 
 (Signed) Z TAYLOR 
 
 His excellency Gov. Hahrison. 
 
 Fort Harrison, Sept 13th, 1812 
 Dear Sir : I wrote you on the 10th instant giving you an account of an attack on this 
 place, as well as my situation, which account I attempted to send by water, but the two 
 men whom I despatched in a canoe after night, found the river so well guarded that they 
 were obliged to return. The Indians had built a fire on the bank of the river, a short dis- 
 tance below the garrison, which gave them an opportunity of seeing any craft that might 
 attempt to pass, and were waiting with a canoe ready to intercept it. But my situation 
 compels me to make one other attempt by land, and my orderly-sergeant with one man set* 
 out to night, with strict orders to avoid the road in day time, and depend entirely on the 
 woods, although neither of them have ever been in Vincennes by land, nor do they know 
 anything of the country, but I am in hopes they will reach you in safety. I send them 
 with great reluctance from their ignorance of the woods. I think it very probable there is 
 & large party of Indians waylaying the road between this and Vincennes, likely about the 
 Narrows, for the purpose of intercepting any party that may come to this place, as the cattle 
 they got here will supply them plentifully with provisions for some time to come. 
 
 (Signed) Z. TAYLOR, 
 
 His excellency Gov. Harrison. 
 
 On the afternoon of the same day on which this mst despatch was written, 
 Col. Russell fortunately reached the fort at the head of some companies of ran- 
 gers and Indiana militia, and relieved the garrison who were in a starving con- 
 iition, their provisions having been nearly all consumed. Wagons loaded with 
 provisions had been sent on from Vincennes under an escort of Lieutenant Fair- 
 banks and thirteen privates of the regular troops ; but they were surprised, and 
 all killed but two or three. They were, however, soon followed by a larji; 
 command, which reached the fort in safety. 
 
 The Indians were so exasperated by their failare in thi.s expedition, that tke^ 
 ihortly afterwards attacked the settlement at a place called Pigeon Roost, on 
 the frontier of Clark county, and murdered twenty-one of the inhabitants, some 
 of them women and children, with circumstances of hoirid barbarity. 
 
 Taylor Brcvettcd Major. 
 
 In November, 1812, the President was pleased to confer the Brevet rank o/ 
 Major on Captain Taylor, for his gallant defence of Fort Harrison. The whole 
 
SERVICES DURING THE LAST WAR WITH GREAT BRITAIN. 13 
 
 western country resounded with his praise, and Major General Hopkin?,, in a 
 letter to Gov. Shelby of Kentucky, alluded to him in the most handsome terms. 
 •• The firm and almost unparalleled defence of Fort Harrison, by Captain Z. 
 Taylor," said he, " has raised for him a fabric of character not to be effaced by 
 my eulogy." His was the first Brevet's commission issued during the last con- 
 lest with Great Britain. 
 
 Beminiscence of thz Site of Fort Harrison. 
 
 The French have a tradition, that an exterminating battle was fought in the 
 be<yinning of the last century, on the ground where Fort Harrison now stands, 
 between the Indians living on the Mississippi, and those on the Wabash. There 
 were about 1000 warriors on each side. The condition of the fight was, that 
 the victors should possess all the lands lying between the Wabash and Mis- 
 sissippi. The grandeur of the prize was peculiarly calculated to inflame the 
 ardor of savage minds. The contest commenced about sunrise. Both parties 
 fought desperately. The Wabash warriors came off conquerors, having seven 
 men left at sunset, and their adversaries but five. The mounds are still to be 
 seen where it is said the slain were buried. The site of Fort Harrison may 
 truly be called one of the dark and bloody grounds of the West. 
 
 The Black Hawk War. 
 
 In the Black Hawk war of 1832, Col. Taylor led the 1st Infantry and greatly- 
 distinguished himself, particularly at the battle of the Bad Axe. He was after- 
 wards appointed to the command of the 6th Infantry, and was attached to that 
 regiment when he was first ordered to Florida in 1836. 
 
u 
 
 THE WAE IN FLORIDA. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 THE WAR IN FLORIDA 
 
 TArLOR APPOINTED TO THE COMMAND OF THE FIRST BRIGADE-BLOODS BATTLB OF 
 LAKE 5KEE-CH0BEE-TAYL0R BREVETTED BRIGADIER-GENERAL 
 
 n, J^^^r^'^'^^^ ■''''^ ''^°°'^y '""^^ ^'^^^ t^e Seminole Indians in Florida ,s t 
 melancholy page in our country's history. Although, as a maUer of course 
 tt T"7 ;^^^^^•^^-^^J--^i- -d discipline, and the objects attained were of 
 the greatest national importance, so many of our bravest nffirpr, .nA .Ti^- 
 we.e swept away by disease, and felled b/.he d "dl^^ToIhal k „d mu tu', 
 rifle of ihe savage, that the conquest was dearly bou<r|,t muraerous 
 
 lam Tavlor'"Hf f. I?l""' "" ?'?f" fT """" "=»°«picu«usly than the gal- 
 
 ^pfeNth^ip^S;]"^ 
 
 It 'Z£:^7Z\^^^^ h^eto^r ^ "™^ "^ '^^ Southf :ll U7a^ 
 
 ^Zooiy 5a«Ze 0/ La/ce OJcee-Chohee. 
 
 To describe that terrific struggle a military pen is required, and the reader 
 must again be presented with a despatch of Gen. Taylor's. 
 
 HEAD QUARTERS. FIRST BRIGADE. 
 
 ARMY SOUTH OF THE W I T H L A C O O C H E E ' 
 
 with the least possible delay ™st aSv nortion of fhl ^'^' and directing me to proceed 
 king distance, Ld to destroy 0" c^pture^Tm '"'™^ ^ "^'^'^^ ^^"'- <^^ ^^^^^^ «*«- 
 
 edX'nertTo^nrn: t^h'v^etve'kt'l^t^^r.^^^^^ ^'^ P^/'^'^^'"" "^'"^ ^^P«*' ^ ^-'^h- 
 to carry more), with the balancrofmv l^^^.S^ ^^".' "'^ transportation not enabling me 
 of the 4th Artilerv total 35 mPrth7ic:n,Tf' '^^"^^^'•"g: °f Captain Munroe's company 
 onel Foster "74 t'hprfhT TV i In/antry, under the command of Lieutenant-Col- 
 
 souli ^V^ltnteeli'l ';; torgaStpi^f rv -"^P'onTerf "so '"p^^ .'^'"™P^'^".' ^'^^ ^ ^"« ^^- 
 ware Indians, m^ldng'a forcl excSe of 'offi^er^MS.^ m^^^^^^^ '' '/"^ '? ?^^ 
 
 Shawnees having been detached and th^ i,Xn ' /-^■'^' "1^"- ^^^ greater part of the 
 pretext that a numb r of them were^^ck an^ accompany me, 'under the 
 
 moved down the west side of the Ki.simmlp^n '^.emainder were without mockasins, I 
 
 poga, for the following leaons' S Be^insV I I '"''^^''^'^^'^y ^^""■•se, towards Lake Isto- 
 found in that directTon^ 2rif G;ner;i T™ t^ ^T1■ f, P"""^'"" "^ '^« h°«tiles were to b« 
 them, they might Attempt to elut'" m by crLsL°" the K V "'' ''/ M.ckasukies and drive 
 Bide of the peninsula, between this ^nd L ent aifce fn^o ^^0^' ^'Tu^" -'"'^'^ ^^^ ^««» 
 might be near at hand to intercent them "fd Tn 1 Okee-chobee, in which case I 
 
 .h.he.a„rtt.lilL"4^Ts•.w';hKnL■L^:;s^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
THE WAR IN FLORIDA. ^ 
 
 »rrange and bring in Jumper ihd as many of his people as he could prevail on to come in 
 We encamped thai night near the same spot, and the next morning, having ordered 
 Captain Parks to join me and take command of the Delawares, and having dispatched 
 Jumper, in charge of some Shawnees, to this place, and so on to Fort Frazier, I continued 
 my march, after having sent forward three friendly Seminoles to gain intelligence as to the 
 position of the enemy. About noon the same day, I sent forward one battalion of Gentry's 
 regiment, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Price, to pick up any stragglers that might 
 fall in his way, to encamp two or three miles in advance of the main force, to act with 
 great circumspection, and to communicate promptly any occurrence that might take place 
 in his vicinity important for me to know. 
 
 About 10, P.M., I received a note from the colonel, stating that the three Seminoles sent 
 forward in the morning had returned ; that they had been at or where Alligator had encamp* 
 ed, twelve or fifteen miles in his advance ; that he (Alligator) had left there with a part of 
 his family four days before, under the pretext of separating his relations, &c., from the 
 Mickasukies, preparatory to his surre adoring with them ; that there were several families 
 remaining at the camp referred to, who wished to give themselves up, and would remain 
 there until we took possession of vftem, unless they were forcibly carried off that night by 
 the Mickasukies, who were encamped at no great distance from them. In consequence of 
 this intelligence, after directing Lieutenant-Colonel Davenport to follow me early in the 
 morning with the infantry, a little after midnight I put myself at the head of the residue of 
 the mounted men and joined Lieutenant-Colonel Price, proceeded on, crossing Istopoga 
 outlet, and soon after daylight took possession of the encampment referred to, where I found 
 the inmates, who had not been disturbed. They consisted of an old man, and two young 
 ones, and several women and children, amounting in all to twenty-two individuals. The 
 old man informed me that Alligator was very anxious to separate his people from the Mick- 
 asukies, who were encamped on the opposite side of the Kissimmee, distant about twenty 
 miles, where they would fight us. I sent him to Alligator to say to him, if he were sincere 
 in his professions, to meet me next day at the Kissimmee, where the trail I was marching on 
 crossed, and where 1 should halt. As soon as the infantry came up I moved on to the place 
 designated, which I reached late that evening, and where I encamped. About 11, P.M., the 
 old Indian returned, bringing a very equivocal message from Alligator, who, he stated, he 
 had met accidentally ; also, that the Mickasukies were still encamped where they had been 
 for some days, and where they were determined to fight us. 
 
 I determined at once on indulging them as soon as practicable. Accordingly, next morn- 
 ing, after laying out a small stockade work for the protection of a future depot, in order to 
 enable me to move with the greatest celerity, I deposited the whole of my heavy baggage, 
 including artillery, &c., and having provisioned the command to include the 26th, after 
 leaving Captain Munroe with his company, the pioneer pontoneers, with eighty-five sick 
 and disabled iniantry, and a portion of the friendly Indians, who alleged that they were un- 
 able to march farther, crossed the Kissimmee, taking the old Indian as a guide who had been 
 captured the day before, and who accompanied us with great apparent reluctance, in pur- 
 suit of the enemy, and early the next day reached Alligator's encampment, situated on the 
 edge of Cabbage-tree Hammock, in the midst of a large prairie, from the appearance of 
 which, and other encampments in the vicinity, and the many evidences of slaughtered cat- 
 tle, there must have been several hundred individuals. 
 
 At another small hammock, at no great distance from Alligator's encampment, and sur- 
 rounded by a swamp, impassable for mounted men, the spies surprised an encampment con- 
 taining one old man, four young men, and some women and children. 
 
 One of the party immediately raised a white flag, when the men were taken possession of, 
 and brought across the swamp to the main body. I proceeded with an interpreter to meet 
 them. They proved to be Seminoles, and professed to be friendly. They stated that they 
 were preparing to come in ; they had just slaughtered a number of cattle, and were em- 
 ployed in drying and jerking the same. They also informed me that the Mickasukies, 
 neaded by A-vi-a-ka (Sam Jones), was some ten or twelve miles distant encamped in a 
 swamp, and were prepared to fight. 
 
 Although I placed but little confidence in their professions of friendship, or their inten- 
 tions of coming in, yet I had no time to look up their women and children, who had fled 
 and concealed themselves in the swamp, or to have encumbered myself with them in the 
 situation in which I then was. Accordingly, I released the old man, who promised that ho 
 would collect all the women and children and take them in to Captain Munroe, at the Kis- 
 simmee, the next day. I also dismissed the old man who had acted as guide thus far, sup- 
 plying his place with the four able warriors who had been captured that morning. 
 
 These arrangements being made, I moved under their guidance for the camp of the Mick- 
 asukies. P°tween two and three, P.M., we reached a very dense cypress swamp, through 
 which we were compelled to pass, and in which our guide informed us we might be at- 
 tacked. After making the necessary dispositions for battle, it was ascertained that there 
 was no enemy to oppose us. The army crossed over and encamped for the night, it bein^ . 
 U\e. During ihe passage of the reari Captain Parka, who was in advance with a few friend*' 
 
16 THEWABIWFLORIDA. 
 
 ly Indians, fell in with two of tne enemy's spies, between two and three miles of our camp, 
 one on horseback, the other on foot, and succeeded in capturing the latter He was an ac- 
 tive young warrior, armed with an excellent rifle, fifty balls in his pouch, and an adequate 
 proportion of powder. This Indian confirmed the infoimation which had been previously 
 received Irom the other Indians, and, in addition, stated that a large body of Seminoles, 
 headed by John Cohua, Co-a-coo-chee, and, no doubt. Alligator, with other chiefs, were 
 encamped five or six miles from us, near the Mickasukies, with a cypress swamp and dense 
 hammock between them and the latter. The army moved forward at daylight the next 
 morning and after marching five or six miles, reached the camp of the Seminoles on Uie 
 border of another cypress swamp, which must have contained several hundred, and bore 
 evident traces of having been abandonded in a great hurry, as the fires were still burning. 
 and quantities of beef lying on the ground unconsumed. Here the troops were again dis- 
 posed of in order of battle, but we found no enemy to oppose us; and the command was 
 crossed over about 11, A.M., when we entered a large prairie in our front, on which two or 
 three hundred head of cattle were grazing, and a number of Indian ponies. 
 
 Here another young Indian warrior was captured, armed and equipped as the former. He 
 pointed out a dense hammock on our right, about a mile distant, in which he said the hos- 
 Ules were situated, and waiting to give us battle. At this place the final disposition was 
 made to attack them, which was in tv^o lines, the Volunteers under Gentry, and Morgan's 
 bpies, to form the first line in extended order, who were instructed to enter the hammock, 
 and in the event of being attacked and hard pres.sed, were to fall back in rear of the regular 
 troops, out of reach of the enemy's fire ; the second was composed of the 4th and Gth in- 
 fantry, who were instructed to sustain *he volunteers, the 1st infantry being held in reserve. 
 Moving on in the direction of the hammock, after proceeding about a quarter of a mile, we 
 reached the swamp which separated us from the enemv, three quarters of a mile in breadth, 
 being totally impassable for horses, and nearly so for "foot, covered with a thick growth of 
 saw grass five leet high, and about knee deep in mud and water, which extended to the left 
 as far as the eye could reach, and to the right to a part of the swamp and hammock we had 
 just crossed through, ran a deep creek. At the edge of the swamp the men were dis- 
 mounted, and the horses and baggage left under a suitable guard. Captain Allen was de- 
 tached with the two companies of mounted infantry to examine the swamp and hammock to 
 the right, and in case he should not find the enemy in that direction, was to return to the 
 baggage, and in the event of his hearing a heavy firing to join rne immediately. After ma- 
 king these arrangements, I crossed the swamp in the order stated. On reaching the borders 
 ot the hammock, the volunteers and spies received a heavy fire from the enemy, which was 
 returned by them for a short time, when their gallant commander. Colonel Gentry, fell mor 
 ally wounded. They mostly broke ; and instead of forming in the rear of the regulars, as 
 liad been directed, they retired across the swamp to their baggage and horses, nor could 
 they be again brought into action as a body, although efforts were made repeatedly bv 
 my staff to induce them to do so. The enemy, however, were promptly checked and 
 driven back by the Jth and 6th infantry, which in truth might be said to be a moving bat- 
 '^17 • r"^'^*^ "'eight of the enemy's fire was principally concentrated on five companies of the 
 6th infantry, which not only stood firm, but continued to advance until their gallant com- 
 mander, Lieutenant-Colonel Thompson, and his adjutant. Lieutenant Center, were killed, 
 and every officer, with one exception, as well as most of the non-commissioned officers, in- 
 cluding the serjeant-major and four of the orderly serjeants, killed and wounded of those 
 companies, when that portion of the regiment retired to a short distance and were again 
 formed, one of these companies having but four members left untouched. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Foster, with six companies, amounting in all to one hundred and sixty 
 men, gained the hammock in good order, where he was joined by Captain Noel with the 
 tvvo remaining companies of the Gth infantry, and Captain Gillam, of Gentry's Volunteers, 
 with a few additional men, continued to drive the enemy for a considerable time, and by a 
 change of front, separated his line and continued to drive him until he reached the great 
 lake, Okee-chobee, which was in the rear of the enemy's position, and on which their en- 
 campment extended for more than a mile. As soon as I was informed that Captain Allen 
 was advancing, I ordered the 1st infantry to move to the left, gain the enemy's right flank, 
 and turn it, which order was executed in the promptest manner possible, and a's soon as 
 that regiment got in position, the enemy gave one fire and retreated, being pursued by the 
 1st, 4th, and G^h, and some of the volunteers who had joined them, until near night, and 
 until these troops were nearly exhausted, and the eiemy driven in all directions. The ac 
 tion was a severe one, and continued from half-past twelve until three, P.M., a nart of th« 
 time very close and severe. * 
 
 We sLifiered much, having twenty-six killed, and one hundred and twelve wounded, 
 aniong whom are some of our most valuable officers. The hostiles probably suflered, all 
 things considered^ equally with ourselves, they having left ten dead on the ground, besides, 
 doubtless, carrying off' more, as is customary with them when practicable. As soon as the 
 enemy were completely broken, I turned my attention to taking care of the wounded, to 
 facilitate their removal to my baggage, where I ordered an encampment to be formed. I di- 
 
racted Captain Tayli, to cross over to the spot, and employ every individual whom he migh 
 find there in constructing a small footway across the swamp; this, with great exertions, was 
 completed in a short time after dark, when all the dead and wounded were carried over in 
 litters made for the purpose, with one exception, a private of the 4th infantry, who was 
 killed and could not be found. And here I trust I may be permitted to say that I expe- 
 rienced one of the most trying scenes of my life, and he who could have looked on it with 
 indifference, his nerves must have been differently organized from my own. Besides the 
 killed, there lay one hundred and twelve wounded officers and soldiers, who had accompa- 
 nied me one hundred and forty-five miles, most of the way through an unexplored wilder- 
 ness, without guides, who had so gallantly beaten the enemy, under my orders, in his strong- 
 est position, and who had to be conveyed back, through swamps and hammocks, from 
 whence we set out, without any apparent means of doing so. This service, however, was 
 encountered and overcome, and ihey have been conveyed thus far, and proceeded on to 
 Tampa Bay on rude litters, constructed with the axe and knife alone with poles and dry 
 hides — the latter being found in great abundance at the encampment of the hostiles. The 
 litters were carried on the backs of our weak and tottering horses, aided by the residue of 
 the command, with more ease and comfort to sufferers than I could have supposed, and 
 with as much as they could have been in ambulances of tlie most improved and modern con- 
 struction. The day after the battle we remained at our encampment, occupied in taking 
 care of the wounded, and in the sad office of interring the dead ; also, in preparing litters for 
 the removal of the wounded, and collecting, with a portion of the mounted men, the horses 
 and cattle in the vicinity belonging to the enemy, of which we found about one hundred of 
 the former, many of them saddled, and nearly three hundred of the latter. We left our en- 
 campment on the morning of the 27th, for the Kissimmee, where I had left my heavy bag- 
 gage, which place we reached about noon on the 28th. After leaving two companies and 
 a few Indians to garrison the stockade, which I found nearly completed on my return by 
 that active and vigilant officer, Captain Munroe, 4th Artillery, I left the next morning for 
 this place, where I arrived on the 31st, and sent forward the wounded next day to Tampa 
 !Bay, with the 4th and the Gth infantry, the former to halt at Fort Frazer, remaining here 
 myself with the 1st, in order to make preparations to take the field again as soon as my 
 horses can be recruited, most of which have been sent to Tampa, and my supplies in a sufiS- 
 cient state of forwardness to justify the measure. 
 
 Though Col. Taylor won the day, it was at an expense of 130 killed and 
 wounded, about one-fourth of his whole force. Two Colonels, (Col. Thomp- 
 son, of the Gth Infantry, and Col. Gentry, of the Missouri Volunteers,) fell at 
 the head of the troops. Capt. Van Swearingen, and Lieutenants Brooke and 
 Carter, also fell in the engagement : 
 
 During the whole of the engagement Col. Taylor remained on horseback, 
 passing from point to point, cheering his men to the conflict, and exposed to the 
 Indian rifle at every moment. The spirit with which the commander and all 
 .Ms force entered into the conflict, was exhibited in some verses written on the 
 occasion, by a soldier. 
 
 " There's battle in yon hammock black, 
 
 There's lightning in yon cloud : 
 Hark ! hark ! to the music comrades dear. 
 
 For the ladian yell is loud. 
 For the Indian yell is loud, my boys. 
 
 And the rifle's flash is free ; 
 But the field of battle is our home. 
 
 And happy, happy men are we : 
 And happy men are we," &c. 
 
 Taylor Brevetted Brigadier-General. 
 
 For this battle, Mr. Poinsett, secretary of war, rendered merited praise to al. 
 engaged, in his communication to Congress. The brevet of Brigadier-Generai 
 was conferred on Col. Taylor, and he was given the chief command in Florida; 
 which he resigned in 1840, after four or five years' arduous and indefatigable 
 service in the swamps and hammocks of Florida. 
 
 After his retirement from Florida, he was assigned to the command of the 
 first department of the Army including the States of Louisiana, Mississippi 
 iUabama, &g. with his head quarters at Fort Jesup, Louisiana. 
 
18 TflBWARlNFLORIDA. 
 
 Legislature of Missouri offended. 
 
 The or.jy dissatisfaction that ever arose respecting any of Gen. Taylor's pro* 
 ceedings in Florida, was that displayed by the Legislature of Missouri, who tooK 
 offeni-.e vt his official report of the misconduct of the Missouri volunteers, at the 
 battle of Lake Okee-chobee. A committee was appointed by that body to in- 
 vestigate the charges, and Mr. Atchison, since a U. S. Senator, who wis a 
 member of that committee, made quite an indignant report, to which was ap- 
 pended a list of resolutions ; among others the following ; 
 
 " Resolved, That Colonel Taylor, in his report of the battle of Okee-chobee. 
 has done manifest injustice to the Missouri Volunteers and Spies, and that said 
 report was not founded on facts as they occurred. 
 
 " Resolved, That a commanding officer who has wantonly misrepresented the 
 conduct of men who gallantly sustained him in battle, is unworthy a commission 
 in the army of the United States. 
 
 " Resolved, That the Governor of the State be required to lay before the Pre- 
 .sident of the United States the evidence reported to the House, in relation to the 
 conduct of the Missouri Volunteers and Spies m the Florida campaign, and 
 Colonel Z. Taylor's report of the battle of Okee-chobee, and that he solicit on 
 the part of this State, a court of inquiry into the conduct of the Missouri Volun- 
 teers and Spies, and the truth of said report." 
 
 Notwithstanding this legislative attack, the whole matter fell to the ground 
 as it was fully shown that Gen. Taylor had given nothing more than the truth 
 in his report. In fact he was too lenient upon the Missourians, being influenced 
 by the dying words of their brave leader. Col. Gentry, who said to him — " Sir, 
 I know you will do me justice ! But for the honor of Missouri, be as easy as 
 possible upon the Volunteers .'" 
 
 The use of Blood Hounds. 
 
 It may be here observed that Gen. Taylor was decidedly in favor of employ- 
 ing bloodhounds against the Indians in Florida, as he expressly stated in his 
 despatch to the Adjutant General of the Army, under date of July 28th, 1838. 
 The following is an extract therefrom : 
 
 " Sir : I have the honor to enclose you a communication, this moment recei- 
 ved, on the subject of procuring bloodhounds from the island of Cuba to aid the 
 army in its operations against the hostiles in Florida. 
 
 " I am decidedly in favor of the measure, and beg leave again to urge it as 
 the only measure of ridding the country of the Indians. 
 
 o^ jL 4f, ^b <^ 4£. ^k ftt •!<■ mr •!£' 
 
 v^ T^ tI" vr •?^ *JV' w vT Tf ^f* •ft" 
 
 " I wish it distinctly understool that my object in employing dogs, is only to 
 ascertain where the Indians can be found, not to wrong them." 
 
 The subsequent events proved that Gen. Taylor's judgment wa.s correct 
 
THB WAR WITH MEXICO. 19 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 THE WAR WITH MEXICO. 
 
 tAY'^OR ORDERED TO TEXAS — ESTABLISHES HIS QUARTERS AT CORPUS CHR13TI— 
 
 MOVEMENTS OF THE MEXICANS — TAYLOR MARCHES TO THE RIO GRANDE MUR-" 
 
 DER OF COL. CROSS — LIEUT. PORTER AND THREE MEN KILLED — SURPRISE AND 
 
 SURRENDER OF CAPT. THORNTON'S COMMAND DANGER OF POINT ISABEL CAPT. 
 
 walker's RANGERS — BOMBARDMENT OF MATAMORAS AND FORT BROWN — BATTLE 
 OF PALO ALTO — BATTLE OF RESACA DE LA PALMA — OFFICIAL DESPATCHES — EFFECT 
 OF THE VICTORIES TAYLOR CROSSES THE RIO GRANDE — SUBSEQUENT EVENTS. ^ 
 
 It would be superfluous to narrate here all the circumstances connected with 
 the annexation of Texas, or to give details of the difficullies with Mexico. They 
 are well known to the world, and, moreover, foreign to the legitimate objects oi 
 this sketch. We shall, therefore, confine ourselves to those movements in which 
 our hero has been personally concerned. 
 
 On the 27th of May, 1845, the Secretary of War addressed a communication 
 to General Taylor, then at Fort Jesup, Louisiana, directing him to place the 
 forces under his command, and such as might subsequently be assigned to him. 
 in a position where they could most promptly and efficiently act in defence of 
 Texas, in case it should become necessary or proper to employ them for that 
 p\irpose. General Taylor was instructed not to enter Texas except in pursuit of 
 Indians invading that republic from the territory of the United States, and with 
 the approbation of the Texan authorities. 
 
 Taylor ordered to Texas. 
 
 On the 15th of June, 1845, a communication was addressed to General, Tay- 
 lor, by Mr. Bancroft, then acting Secretary of War, informing him that on the 
 4th of July then ensuing, or very soon after, the convention of the people of 
 Texas would probably accept the proposition of annexation tendered by the Con- 
 gress of the United States, and instructing him (General Taylor), in anticipation 
 of this event, to advance to the mouth of the Sabine, or to such other point on 
 the Gulf of Mexico as he might judge most convenient for an embarkation at the 
 proper time for the western frontier of Texas. In this despatch the secretary 
 uses the following language: "The point of your ultimate destination is the_ 
 western frontier of Texas, where you will select and occupy, on or near the Rio 
 Grande del Norte, such a site as will consist with the health of the troops, and 
 will be best adapted to repel invasion, and to protect what, in the event of an- 
 nexation, will be our western border. You will limit yourself to the defence 
 of the territory of Texas, unless Mexico shall declare war against the United 
 States." . 
 
 As was anticipated, the convention of Texas, on the 4th of July, 1845, oy an 
 unanimous vote, accepted the terms of annexation offered by the Congress of the 
 United States. 
 
 Establishes his Quarters at Corpus Christt. 
 
 About the same time General Taylor received a letter from Mr. Donaldson, our 
 minister in Texas, informing him of the unanimous act of the Texan convention, 
 accepting the terms of annexation proffered by Congress. On the next day after 
 receiving this information he left New Orleans by steamboat, with a portion of 
 his troops, for western Texas, agreeably to previous instructions, and arrived at 
 St. "ospph's Island SfAransas Inlet) July 25th, and soon after established hi^ 
 quarters at Corpus Christi, on the west side of the river Neuces, near its mouth. 
 
20 THEWARWITU MEXICO 
 
 Movements of tlie Mexicans. 
 
 The Mexican minister of war, General Almonte, on the 6lh of March, 1845 
 at Washinsfton, had protested against the annexation of Texas, demanded hi; 
 passports, abruptly left the United States, and the functions of our minister in 
 Mexico were put an end to. General Almonte, the Secretary of War, and Gen- 
 eral Po.redes, at Mexico, announced that he was " preparing for the Texas cari- 
 paign." Accordingly, loans were raised, and large bodies of troops moved to 
 Texas. The public journals of Matamoras, the city of Mexico, and Vera Cruz, 
 announced the war ; all unattached officers of the Mexican troops were ordered 
 to their army on the Bravo for the invasion of Texas ; and it was said the Mex- 
 ican war establishment was to be increased to sixty thousand men. General 
 Arista, suspected of good will to this country, was superseded in command by 
 General Ampudia on the Texas frontier, who arrived at Matamoras on the llih 
 of April, 1846, with 200 cavalry, followed by 2000 men of his reinforcement not 
 far behind, on their way to join the 2000 soldiers already at Matamoras. As 
 eoon as he arrived there, he ordered, on the 12th of April, General Taylor to 
 evacuate the posts he held, and all Americans, v/ith their consul, to quit 
 Matamoras. 
 
 Taylor marches to the Rio Grande. 
 
 General Taylor, with his army, left Corpus Christi for the Rio Grande, be- 
 tween the Sth and llih of March, and arrived at his encampment opposite Mat- 
 amoras March 28th. On his march he was met at two or three points, particu- 
 larly on the banks of the Sal Colorado, or Colorado creek, by Mexican troops, 
 but offered them no molestation. When, however, they threatened to dispute 
 his passage by force of arms, he warned them that it would be at their peril. 
 When he arrived at Point Isabel he was met by a deputation of 50 armed citi- 
 zens, with some functionary at their head, who presented him a paper, protest- 
 ing against his occupying the country. The General did not stop to discuss 
 the matter with them, but told them very concisely, " He would give them an 
 answer when he reached Matamoras." He had the Point surveyed with a 
 view to its defence, and a work was thrown up under the superintendence of 
 Capt. Saunders of the Engineers. 
 
 About 11 o'clock on the morning of the 2Sth, he reached the river, opposite 
 the city of Matamoras ; hundreds of persons were discovered on the opposite 
 banks, watching the approach of the hostile army. The Mexican colors were 
 flying from the quarters of the commander. Gen. Mejia, from the Place d'Artil- 
 lerie, and from the quarters of the Sappers and Miners. Two of the advanced 
 guard of the Dragoons, being some distance from the main body, were pounced 
 upon by a party of Mexicans and carried off prisoners to Matamoras ; a little 
 bugler boy was dismounted, and his horse taken from him. Gen. Worth was 
 deputed by Gen. Taylor, to open communications with the commander of the 
 Mexican forces, and "bear to him an answer to the above mentioned deputation. 
 it waa some time before the Mexicans would send a boat over. At last one 
 came, and Gen. Worth communicated with a General of the Mexican forces. 
 He returned to his chief, who sent, as an answer, that he would neither receive 
 Gen. Worth nor the communication of Gen. Taylor. Another talk was heil 
 and the answer to it was, that Gen. Mejia would receive the communication, 
 but not Gen. Worth. He however sent his second in command. Gen. De La 
 Vj>ga, to mp-.i him. Gen. W. crossed, and they met on the opposite side 
 Their inter /isw resulted in nothing. Gen. W. could not eflect an mtervie\i 
 with Gen. Msjia. They spoke cf the arrival of the American forces as an act 
 of invasion; and esteemed it a? such, and asked the question, " What we vvoult! 
 have done il we had been served so ?" 
 
"n 
 
 THE WAR WITH MEXICO. 21 
 
 Gen. Worth did not touch the subject of the taking of the dragoons, Jeaving 
 that .subject until after a friendly interview should be established. 
 
 Immediately after the arrival of our army, a flag staff" was erected, and soon 
 thereafter the glorious stars and stripes were seen floating on the banks of the 
 Rio Grande, proclaiming in a silent but impressive manner, that the " area of 
 freedom" was again extended. In his interview with Gen. Worth, Gen. De 
 LA Vega, complained of the elevation of the American flag. Gen. W. told him 
 •' it was a matter of taste, but that no sight was so glorious to him as that of the 
 flag of his country floating in the breeze." Subsequently to this, Gen. Taylor 
 demanded the return of the dragoons who were captured, and they werr return- 
 ed, Avith nearly all their equipments. They had been imprisoned, b'lt treated 
 with much kindness. When the order for their return was given, there was 
 considerable difficulty in collecting their effects ; it appears they had been divid- 
 ed among the captors, and were to be kept as trophies. 
 
 By the 8th of April a small field-work had been completed, m which were 
 mounted four eighteen pounders. In the mean time the troops were actively 
 engaged in trowing up a field work of six bastion fronts, calculated to hold two 
 regiments. 
 
 On the 12th, about 2 P. M., a parley was sounded from the opposite side, and 
 two Mexican officers crossed, and were escorted by Capt. B. to Gen. Taylor's 
 tent. The officers bore a communication from Gen. Ampudia to Gen. Taylor. 
 The General was told that " he must quit his position in twenty-four hours, and 
 retire to the Neuces, and there await the settlement of this question by negotia- 
 tion, in default of which, Mexico would look upon his position as a declaration 
 of war." He said " that the war should be carried on agreeably to the usages 
 of the most civilized nations, by him, and he hoped it would be so by us." Ev- 
 ery disposition was immediately made to resist the attack. The 1st Brigade 
 was immediately moved to the right out of reach of shot. Gen. Taylor replied 
 to the messengers, that he did not want twenty-four hours, but would reply to 
 them at 10 A. M. on the 12th. 
 
 On the morning of the 13th, the 2d Brigade was moved to the left, out of 
 reach of shot, and the 3d Brigade, with Lieut. Duncan's and Bragg's Companies 
 of Artillery, occupied the field-work. At 10, Gen. Taylor's answer was sent 
 over. It was mild, dignified, concise and firm — perfectly characteristic of the 
 man. He told Gen. A. "that he was sent here by order of his Government, in 
 a peaceable attitude, and intended to remain — and then warned him against as- 
 suming the responsibility of firing the first gun." Gen. Taylor now blockaded 
 the river, and thus cut off their supplies. 
 
 On the 22d Gen. Ampudia wrote in effect to Gen. Taylor, " that he had un- 
 derstood from undoubted authority, that the river was blockaded, that two vessels 
 laden with stores for his army, had been seized and carried into Brazos Santiago. 
 That he thought this blockade, under the present circumstances, was unautho- 
 rized by the law of nations, and requested him to raise it, or serious consequences 
 would ensue." Gen. Taylor replied in his manly and characteristic style, re- 
 viewing everything that had occurred since his departure from Corpus Christi. 
 Spoke of the order he had issued just prior to his departure, in which he said 
 tliat he " v\^ould protect the civil and religious rights of the citizens," reminded 
 him that a Spanish translation had been sent to Matamoras, and that he liuew 
 fjen. Meija had seen it : he stated that on his march his advance was met some 
 twenty miles from the Colorado, and were warned that if they advancei.i it woijy 
 be considered a " declaration of war ;" at the Colorado they threatened "o nre 
 upon him, and again repeated the " declaration of war ;" — that at Point Isabel, 
 'lie was met by a deputation, at the head of which was the Prefect of the State 
 of Tamaulipas, from Matamoras, protesting againf^t his occupying the country, 
 and again repeating the " declaration of war." After delivering the protest they 
 
22 THEWARWITHMEXICO. 
 
 set fire to some houses, which act the General looked upon as an " act of war, " 
 Opposite Matamoras he was again told his occupation of the country was looked 
 upon as " an act of war." To all these declarations of hostile intentions Gen 
 Taylor paid no heed, but pursued the peaceful tenor of his way. But, when 
 Gen. Ampudia arrived, and gave him " 24 hours' notice to quit,"" he deemed : • 
 time to turn his attention to them, and conceived " that the blockade of the rive 
 was the least oflfensive act of war that he could have committed, under the cir- 
 cumstances ; that the blockade had been reported to the Government, and that 
 he shoxdd maintain it until he received their orders. He offered them an armis- 
 tice until this question was settled or war declared, and if that was accepted he 
 would raise the blockade, but on no other terms. He told hirn that he could not 
 pass over the objectionable style and tone of his (A.'s) correspondence — that the 
 epithets of ' usurpers,' ' invaders,' &c., would not pass, and told him plainly, 
 that in future his communications must be more respectful, or they would not be 
 received ; and in concluding, gave him his choice of action, and told him that 
 he was equally ready and prepared for peace or war," 
 
 Murder of Colonel Cross. 
 
 Colonel Cross, who was commissary general of the army, was in the daily 
 habit of riding alone a short distance from the camp. On the morning of the 
 10th of April, he rode out, unaccompanied, to the house of a German, about two 
 miles from the army, and was taken prisoner by a party of Mexican Rancheros. 
 As soon as he was missmg. General Taylor sent a detachment of men, who 
 scoured the country in search of him, but to no purpose. 
 
 Two or three days after, Captain May, of the 2d Dragoons, took a runaway 
 negro in the neighborhood of the same place where Colonel Cross was captured, 
 and from this negro the above information of the taking of Colonel Cross was 
 obtained. Immediately after. General Taylor sent a messenger to the Mexican 
 general, requesting information whether Colonel Cross was a prisoner with him 
 or not. The next day General Ampudia sent several officers to the American 
 camp, with the answer that they knew nothing of Colonel Cross, but that they 
 had made Lieutenant Deas a prisoner. 
 
 This officer, it appears, had previously crossed the river (but without orders) 
 in search of Colonel Cross (who was his particular friend), and had fallen into 
 the hands of the Mexicans. Subsequently the body of Colonel Cross Avas found 
 about four miles below the camp, entirely stripped, and from the wounds, it was 
 evident that he had been murdered. Under this impression. General Tayloi 
 made a formal demand for the murderer, but he was never discovered. Tha 
 body of the gallant soldier was taken to the camp and buried with appropriate 
 honors. 
 
 Lieutenant Porter and Three Men Killed, 
 
 Another annoying act of Mexican hostility occurred on the 19th, all conspiring 
 to prepare the American soldiers for the brilliant successes which were soon t'- 
 follow. On the morning of the 19th, Lieutenant Porter, of the 4th Regimen', 
 (son of the late Commodore Porter), being out with a fatigue party of ten men, 
 were fired upon when within a few miles of the camp. Lieutenant Porter and 
 three of his men were killed in the attack, the rest of the party escaping return- 
 ed to the camp tlie next day. 
 
 General Taylor's camp extended about four miles along the river bank — two 
 miles above, and two miles below Matamoras. The entrenchment, to erecl 
 which required twenty-three hundred men for thirty days, was made of sand 
 and covered over with twigs woven together like basket-work, surrounded by 
 
THEWARWITHMEXICO. !^ 
 
 tery wide and deep ditch. The walls of the magazine, in the interior of the 
 fortification, were formed of pork barrels filled with sand, seven tier thick, four 
 tier high, covered over with timber, on which sand was piled ten or twelve feet. 
 Twelve heavy pieces of ordnance were so placed as to command the tov/n of 
 Matamoras. 
 
 Surprise ana Surrender of Capt. Thornton^ Command 
 
 On the evening of the 23d of April, Gen. Taylor's spies brought in inteih- 
 gence to the effect that about 2,500 Mexicans had crossed the Kio Grande to the 
 Texas side above the American Fort, and that about 1500 cf the same had 
 crossed below. 
 
 Gen. T. immediately dispatched a squadron of dragoons to each place of 
 crossing for the purpose of reconnoitering them and ascertaining their position. 
 The squadron ordered belov; was in command of Capt. Ker, the one above was 
 commanded by Capt. Thornton and composed of Capt. Hardee, Lieuts. Kane 
 and Mason, with sixty-one privates and non-commissioned officers. 
 
 The former commander, Capt. Ker, on arriving at the point where it was 
 supposed they had crossed found that the report was false, that they had not 
 crossed there but had all crossed above, which was afterwards proved by Capt. 
 T.'s command being surprised, in which Lieut. Geo. Mason with nine men 
 were killed and two wounded. 
 
 The wounded were sent to Gen. Taylor's cam.p, the army having no hospital 
 in the field. Capts. Thornton, Hardee and Lieut. Kane miraculously escaped, 
 together with ihe balance of the non-commissioned officers and men, but were 
 captured and taken to Matamoras. 
 
 The circumstances which led to the surprise are these : After Capt- Thorn- 
 ton's command had proceeded up the Rio Grande about twenty-four miles, and 
 as was supposed, to within about mree miles of the Mexican camp, the guide 
 refused to go any farther, and stated for his reason that the whole country was 
 infested with Mexicans. 
 
 Capt. Thornton however, proceeded on with his command about two miles 
 when he came to a farm-house, which was enclosed entirely by a chaparral 
 fence, with the exception of that portion of it which bordered on the river, and 
 this was so boggy as to be impassable. Capt. T. entered this enclosure through 
 a pair of bars, and approached the house for the purpose of making some inqui- 
 ry, his command following him. When they had all entered the enclosure, the 
 enemy having been concealed in the chaparral, about two thousand five hundred 
 in number, completely surrounded him and commenced firing upon his com- 
 mand. He then wheeled his command, thinking that he could charge through 
 the enemy and pass out where he had entered, not however without a consider 
 rable loss. This he attempted, but did not succeed, the enemy being too strong. 
 
 At this instant, Capt. Hardee approached him for the purpose of advising 
 him how to extricate themselves. The fire of the enemy still continuing, Capt. 
 Thornton's horse, having received a shot, ran away with him and leaped ihe 
 chaparral fence and plunged into a precipice, where he fell, with Capt. T. under 
 him, where the latter remained insensible for five or six hours. 
 
 This casualty placed Capt. Hardee in command, who attempted with tne 
 residue to make his escape by the river, intending on arriving at its margin to 
 swim it. In this he failed, finding it so boggy that he could not get to it. He 
 then returned, taking the precaution to get out of distance of musketry, dis- 
 mounted and examined the arms of his men, determining to sell their lives as 
 dearly as possible. 
 
 Before he had succeeded, however, in the inspection of his arms, a Mexican 
 •fPicer rode up and asked him to surrender. Capt. H. replied that he would 
 
24 THEWARWITH MEXICO. 
 
 surrender on one condition, which was, that if the Mexxan General would 
 receive them as prisoners of war, and treat them as the most civilized nations 
 Jo, he would surrender, but on no other conditions. 
 
 The Mexican officer bore this message to the General commanding, aad 
 returned with the assurance that he would. Capt. H. then surrendered 
 
 Danger of Point Isabel. 
 
 "Whilst General Taylor was thus busily engaged in fortifying his camp oppo- 
 site Matamoras, the danger of his situation was hourly increasing. All commu- 
 nication between Point Isabel and the American entrenchments, opposite IMata- 
 - moras, had been cut off; and the Mexicans were in force upon either flank and 
 in the rear of the army. Though the field works of General Taylor were so 
 scientifically constructed that there was not any apprehension that they could be 
 carried by storm, yet the posture of affairs was very unsatisfactory. 
 
 The army was surrounded by numerous bodies of troops ; the enemy was be- 
 ing reinforced by daily acquisitions ; sev^eral companies of Americans, sent ou 
 upon scouting service, had been cut to pieces or captured ; in every encounter 
 the United States had suffered ; it was feared that Point Isabel had been carried 
 by overwhelming numbers, and serious apprehensions were fast gaining upon 
 the public mind for the safety of the entire army. 
 
 Had Point Isabel been carried, there would have been abundant grounds for 
 all the alarm that was felt. The supplies of the army would have been entirely 
 cut off, and a position necessary to the efficiency of military operations upon the 
 Kio Grande would have been in possession of the enemy; the entrenchments 
 thrown up by the American soldiery would have been available for the Mexican 
 defence, and our transports entering the Laguna del Madre might have been in 
 lercepted by the guns of the foe. 
 
 Captain Walkers Rangers. 
 
 On the 28th of April, Captain Walker, with a small force of rangers, left 
 Point Isabel to reconnoitre, and, if possible, open a communication with General 
 Taylor. He had proceeded as far as about midway between Point Isabel and 
 the Camp, when an overwhelming Mexican force approached suddenly. A 
 portion of his troops were raw recruits, he instructed them to keep on his right 
 and gave orders to the whole to retire under cover of the chaparral in view, but 
 his raw troops, panic-stricken, scattered in confusion. 
 
 The Mexicans advancing with overwhelming numbers, he gave orders to re- 
 tire. He Avas followed until within a mile of Point Isabel, where he arrived 
 with only two of his men ; six others subsequently came in. 
 
 At this juncture, General Taylor resolved to hiarch to the relief of that post, 
 however dangerous the enterprise might prove. He thought he would have to 
 cut his way through a numerous enemy, posted advantageously upon the route; 
 but, as a military man, he saw the necessity of the Point to his army, and de- 
 termined, at whatever hazard, to reach it. Accordingly, on the 1st, the defences 
 on the river being nearly completed, General Taylor left a garrison of some 500 
 men under Major Brown, of the 7th Infantry, and marched with the remaindei 
 of his army (twenty-seven miles) to Point Isabel. Not an enemy was seen m 
 the whole distance. All apprehensions for the safety of that depot of suppliet 
 were thus dissipated. 
 
 Bombardment of Matamoras and Fort Brotvn. 
 
 On Sunday morning, the 3rd, about day break, the Mexicans, taking advan 
 tage of Gen. Taylor's absence, opened a heavy cannonading upon the American 
 fort, throwing balls and shells with little intermission, until near midnight. In 
 
TEE WAR WITH MEXICO. 25 
 
 the meantime, the enemy's guns, all but one mortar, were silenced by our fort. 
 Major Brown lost one sergeant, who was shot in the head by a 3 pound ball ; 
 he was taken to the hospital, and there a shell fell and blew off the remainder oi 
 his head. By the exnir.-",,, of another shell, an artillery soldier was wounded. 
 Early on the mornmg of the 4th, the Mexicans opened again, sending shot 
 and shells, but without doing any material damage. In half an hour aft'er the 
 firing commenced, Maj. Brown's artillery had silenced the enemy, having greatly 
 damaged three of their embrasures, dismounted several guns, and killed a num- 
 ber of the men. Early next morning, the fire was recommenced from the ene 
 my's batteries, which was promptly returned from an 18 pounder battery, and a 
 six pounder howitzer. The firing continued for an hour; during which time 
 the enemy fired about fifty rounds of shots and shells, and received thirty rounds 
 of both calibre. Both batteries ceased firing at the same time. The Mexicans 
 now concluded to alter their plan of attack; for which purpose a party was sent 
 in the rear, and there established a battery. At 5 o'clock, the following morn- 
 ing, the cannonade commenced from the lower fort and mortar battery. ° Round 
 shot and shells were thrown until six o'clock, when there was a cessation of 
 firing. During the hour their missiles were well directed, bursting in all di 
 rections in the interior of the fort, tearing the tents to pieces, and injuring seve- 
 ral horses. At half-past six o'clock the signal 18-pounders were fired, at%vhich 
 the enemy opened their batteries in our front and rear, and the cannonade con- 
 tinued frjm two mortars and a howitzer in front, and a mortar established at or 
 near the cross-roads in rear until ten o'clock, A. M., when the gallant com- 
 mander. Major Brown, received a mortal wound from a falling shell. Laro-e 
 mounted parties and infantry were seen at this time in the rear. At 7 o'clodk 
 the enemy had one mortar playing upon the fort from town, and two from the 
 rear. At ten o'clock a small party of infantry crept up a ravine and fired mus- 
 ketry ; but, being Qut of range, the fire was not returned. At half-past 10 o'clock. 
 A. M., several parties of infantry and mounted men were seen surrounding us 
 m rear. Several rounds of canister were fired from Lieutenant Bragg's battery, 
 which soon dispersed them. Immediately afterwards, and until half-past twelve 
 o'clock, P. M., our gallant band received a continual shower of shells from the 
 enemy's batteries. About two o'clock the firing ceased, and at half-past four a 
 white flag was shown in the rear, and a parley sounded by the enemy. Two 
 Mexican officers advanced, and were met by two American officers. They bore 
 a letter from Gen. Arista, asking the American commander, " for the sake of 
 humanity," to surrender, and gave him one hour to reply. 
 
 Captain Hawkins, who had assumed the command, since the death of the 
 lamented Brown, received the communication, and immediately convoked a 
 council, consisting of all the company conunanders in his command, and laid it 
 before them. They unanimously concurred with Capt. Hawkins, to decline a 
 surrender of his forces, and immediately despatched ihe laconic answer, that 
 they did not understand Spanish. Shortly after its reception, the enemy's bat- 
 teries opened afresh with a continual shower of shot and shells until sunset, and 
 thus ended the fourth day's bombardment. 
 
 The enemy's batteries were again opened at half past five the next morning, 
 ar.d continued throwing shot and shells with frequent intermissions until 2 
 o'clock P. M., when small parties of infantry commenced the attack with mus- 
 ketry from the banks of the river, and from the ravine ; this kind of warfare 
 was Kept up until near daylight the next morning. During this day the enemy 
 succeeded in wounding a sentinel in the arm, and destroying a few hundred 
 d;illars worth of camp property. 
 
 The bombardment during the last two days was more spirited and exciting 
 than the preceding, and is so graphically described by Capt. Hawkins, who wa« 
 then in command, that we present it to the reader as found ift his official report 
 
26 THE WAK WITH MEXICO 
 
 Friday, May 8. — At a quarter past 5 o'clock A. M., the enemy's battenes 
 again opened with shells from the lower fort, from the sand-bag battery, and 
 from our rear. The fire this morning was kept up until 8 o'clock, A. M. with- 
 out cessation. A party was sent out this morning, a..J burnt the old houses 
 near the traverse on the river bank. This drew from them several round shot 
 and shells; from 12 to half past 2 P. M., a heavy bombardment cf shells wai 
 kept up ; at least fifty thrown at us during that time. At half past three they 
 again opened their shells upon us, accompanied by round shot. At this time 
 the enemy had established a mortar in the ridge of chaparral across the river, 
 and immediately west of us. Mortars were now playing upon us from the 
 north, south, and west, four in number. The firing of round shot was kept up 
 for two hours, and that of shells until half past 7 P. M. About half past 2 P. 
 M., a heavy cannonading was heard, supposed to be a little north of east of 
 us; it apparently approached until half past 4, when it became very distinct; it 
 lasted until nearly 7 P. M. This we supposed to be an action between our 
 forces and the enemy. A little before sunset a Mexican came running in with 
 a white flag, from the direction of the second brigade guard-house, claiming 
 protection. He stated that our forces had come in contact with those of the 
 enemy; had driven them back; that he was a prisoner in charge of the picket 
 guards fired on by our batteries, that while they were burying the dead and 
 carrying off the wounded, he effected his escape. During the cannonade this 
 afternoon, a small column of infantry from above, and one of cavalry from be- 
 low, were seen advancing, supposed to be reinforcements to the enemy. The 
 excitement in our command, during this distant cannonading, was intense. 
 During the day we received from one hundred and fifty to two hundred shells. 
 and from seventy-five to one hundred round shot, and not a man disabled. 
 During the previous night, the halliards of the flag on the outside had become 
 unrigged; and as the firing had become too intense to re-establish them, a tem- 
 porary staff was erected on the inside, and the national flag of the seventh infan- 
 try raised as a substitute. We passed a very quiet night ; the troops on the 
 alert at their guns. 
 
 Saturday, May 9. — An officer of the seventh succeeded in lowering the top- 
 mast of the flag staff, and rigging the halliards, but found he could not raise it 
 again without great labor and exposure ; he therefore lashed it in position and 
 raised the national flag, after having stood a succession of round shot, cannister, 
 and shells, from the enemy's batteries for fifteen or twenty minutes. At 10 
 o'clock, a sergeant and ten men fired the houses on the road which had been 
 successively occupied by our own and the enemy's pickets. It brought a heavy 
 discharge of shells, cannister and round shot, from the enemy's batteries. 
 Shells, with slight intervals, continued until half-past 2 o'clock, P. M. ; the 
 mortar on our west silent, and one firing from a position between us and the 
 fort, at the upper ferry ; it was much further off, but fired accurately. Two P. 
 M., Major Brown died, and in a short time we heard the re-engagement 
 between the armies. Quarter to six, quite a number of Mexican cavalry and a 
 few infantry were seen in the retreat. At this time we received a heavy fire of 
 round shot and shells. From the time the battle commenced, and continued to 
 increase, an eighteen pounder and six pounder were fired in the direction of the 
 upper ferry; when, finding it difficult to distinguish between friend and foe, the 
 firing was discontinued, not again to be resumed." The engagement conunued 
 for seven days, during most of which time a number of men under ,ne direction 
 of Capt. Mansfield, was engaged night and day in completing the works ; the 
 fire of the enemy not for a moment arresting the progress of their operations, 
 and notwithstanding the large number of shot and shells thrown by the enemy 
 the American loss was but two killed, Major Brown, and Sergeant Weigari 
 and thirteen wounded. 
 
8T0KAIINO OF MONTEREY. 
 
 BATTLE OF PALO ALTU 
 
THEWARWITHMEXICO. 27 
 
 We must now leave the fort so gallantly defended, and foLow Gen. layloi 
 in his progress to and from Point Isabel. 
 
 Battle of Palo Alto 
 
 Gen. Taylor having relieved Point Isabel, he main body of the army of 
 •ccupation marched out under his immediate orders on the evening of the 7lh 
 of May, and bivouacked about seven miles from that place. 
 
 Our march, says the General in his official despatch, was resumed the foIJowing morning 
 About noon, when our advance of cavalry had reached the water-hole of " Palo Alto," the 
 
 across the prairie, and about three quarters of a mile distant. Their left, which was com- 
 posed of a heavy force of cavalry, occupied the road, resting upon a thicket of chaparral, 
 while masses of infantry were discovered in succession on the right, greatly outnumbering 
 our own force. 
 
 Our line of battle was now formed in the following order, commencing on the extreme 
 right :— 5th infantry, commanded by Lieut. Col. Mcintosh ; Major Ringgold's artillery ; 3d 
 infantry, commanded by Capt. L. N. Morris, two 18-pounders, commanded by Lieut 
 Churchill, 3d artillery ; 4th infantry, commanded by Major G. VV. Allen ; the 3d and 4th 
 regiments composed the third brigade, under command of Lieut. Col. Garland ; and all the 
 above corps, together with two squadrons of dragoons under Captains Ker and May, com- 
 posed the right wing, under the orders of Col. Twiggs. The left was formed by the bat- 
 talion of artillery commanded by Lieut. Col. Childs, Capt. Duncan's light artillery, and the 
 8th infantry, under Capt. Montgomery — all forming the first brigade, under command of 
 Lieut. Col. Belknap. The train was packed near the water, under direction of Captains 
 Crossman and Myers, and protected by Capt. Ker's squadron. 
 
 At 2 o'clock we took up the march by heads of columns, in the direction of the enemy— 
 the IS-pounder battery following the road. While the columns were advancing, Lieut. 
 Blake, topographical engineers, volunteered areconnoisance of the enemy's line, which waa 
 handsomely performed, and resulted in the discovery of at least two batteries of artillery ia 
 the intervals of their cavalry and infantry. These batteries were soon opened upon U3» 
 when I ordered the columns halted and deployed into line, and the fire to be returned by 
 all our artillery. The 8th infantry, on our extreme left, was thrown back to secure that 
 flank. The first fires of the enemy did little execution, while our 18-pounders and Major 
 Ringgold's artillery soon dispersed the cavalry which formed his left. Capt. Duncan's bat- 
 tery, thrown forward in advance of the line, was doing good execution at this time. Capt. 
 May's squadron was now detached to support that battery, and the left of our position. The 
 Mexican cavalry, with two pieces of artillery, were now reported to be moving through 
 the chaparral to our right, to threaten that flank, or make a demonstration against the train. 
 The 5th infantry was immediately detached to check this movement, and supported by 
 Lieut. Ridgeley, with a section of Major Ringgold's battery and Capt. Walker's company 
 of volunteers, effectually repulsed the enemy — ^the 5th infantry repelling a charge of lan- 
 cers, and the artillery doing great execution in their ranks. The 3d infantry was now de- 
 tached to the right as a still further security to that flank yet threatened by the enemy. 
 Major Ringgold, with the remaining section, kept up his fire from an advanced position, 
 and was supported by the 4th infantry. 
 
 The grass of the prairie had been accidentally fired by our artillery, and the volumes of 
 smoke now partially concealed the armies from each other. As the enemy's left had evi- 
 dently been driven back and left the road free, as the cannonade had been suspended, I or- 
 dered forward the 18 pounders on the road nearly to the position first occupied by the Mexi- 
 can cavalry, and caused the first brigade to take up a new position still on the left of the 
 18 pounder battery. The 5th was advanced from its former position and occupied a point 
 on the extreme right of the new line. The enemy made a change of position corresponding 
 to our own, and after a suspension of nearly an hour the action was resumed. 
 
 The fire of artillery was now most destructive — openings were constantly made through 
 the enemy's ranks by our fire, and the constancy with which the Mexican infantry sustained 
 this severe cannonade was a theme of universal remark and admiration. Capt. May's squa- 
 dicn wa* detached to make a demonstration on the left of the enemy's position, and suf- 
 fered severely from the fire of artillery to which it was for some time exposed. The 4th 
 infantry which had been ordered to support the 18 pounder battery, was exposed to a mof ^ 
 galling fire of artillery, by which several men were killed and Capt. Page dangerously 
 wounded. The enemy's fire was directed against our 18 pounder battery, and the gunt 
 under Major Ringgold in its vicinity. The Major himself, while coolly directing the fir* 
 M his pieces, was struck by a cannon ball and mortally wounded. 
 
THE WAR WITH MEXICO 
 
 la tfte meantime the battalion of artillery under Lieut. Col. Childs, had been brougnt 
 
 I p to support the artillery on our right. A strong demonstration of cavalry was now made 
 by the enemy against this part of our line, a.id the column continued to advance under a 
 ievere tire from the IS-pounders. The battalion was instantly formed in square, and held 
 ready *.o receive the charge of cavalry, but when the advancing squadrons were within clo.se 
 range a deadly fire of cannister from the IS-pounders dispersed them. A brisk fire of small 
 •xms was now opened upon the square, by which one officer, Lieut. Luther, 2d artillery, 
 was slightly wounded, but a well directed volley from the front of the square silenced aji 
 further firing from the enemy in this quarter. It was now nearly dark, and the action waa 
 closed on the right of our line, the enemy having been completely driven back from his po- 
 sition, and foiled in every attempt against our line. 
 
 While the above was going forward on our right and under my own eye, the enemy had 
 made a serious attempt against the left of our line. Captain Duncan instantly perceived 
 the movement, and by the bold and brilliant manoeuvring of his battery, completely re- 
 pulsed several successive efforts of the enemy to advance in force upon our left flank. Sup- 
 ported in succession by the Sth infantry and Capt. Ker's squadron of dragoons, he gallantly 
 held the enemy at bay, and finally drove him, with immense loss, from the field. The 
 action here and along the whole line, continued until dark, when the enemy retired into 
 the chaparral in rear of his position. Our army bivouacked on the ground it occupied. 
 During the afternoon the train had been moved forward about half a mile, and was packed 
 m rear of the new position. 
 
 The American force engaged in this battle, according to the field report, is 
 shown to have been 22SS, of whom 177 were officers. The force of the Mexi- 
 cans, according to their own officers, taken prisoners on the following day, was 
 at least 6000 regulars, and an unknown number of irregular troops, with 10 
 pieces of artillery. Their loss was nearly 400 killed and wounded, while only 
 nine Americans were killed, 44 wounded, and two missing. The death of Major 
 Ringgold was a source of great regret throughout the Union, as he was one of 
 our bravest and most valuable officers, and one of the most distinguished light 
 artillery commanders in the world. The wound received by Captain Page was 
 norrible. His whole lower jaw was shot away, together with part of his tongue 
 and palate, yet, strange to say, he survived until the 12th of July. 
 
 It was during this battle that the Mexican artillery, perceiving General Tay- 
 lor and his staff, poured in upon them a shower of cannister and grape. " Upon 
 my word," says the General, " I do believe the rascals want to hit me." Very 
 soon one of the officers rode up and suggested to the General that it would be 
 better for him to retire to a position less exposed, " Well," said the General, who 
 had been sitting all the time at his ease, with his leg over the saddle, watching 
 the movements of the contending armies, " let us ride up nearer, and their balls 
 will go over us." And he rode to a still more exposed point, but where he could 
 have a better view of the battle. 
 
 In his official despatch, dated May 7th, just before he left Point Isabel, he 
 said, " If the enemy oppose my march, in whatever force, I shall fight him." 
 The crisis demanded that he should fight, without regard to disparity of num- 
 bers or consequences. His lion-heart met the crisis, and he obtained the victorj 
 which the brave army deserved under his gallant lead. 
 
 Battle of Resaca de la Palma. 
 
 The American army encamped for the night on their position. On the morn- 
 'tig of the 9th of May they stood to their arms again, supposing the enemy te 
 lie immediately in front of them, but soon found that he had made a rapid re- 
 'leat, leaving the ground strewed with his dead and with abandoned ammunition. 
 
 The first care of General Taylor was to visit the wounded and see that every 
 comfort was supplied — the constant and well-directed energies of the medical 
 dep.-irtment left but little for him to do ; every one, whether officer or soldier, 
 had been attended with unwearying care and watchfulness. The troops having 
 partaken of their meal, the order was given to get the command under arms. 
 
THE WAR WITH MEXICO 29 
 
 Greneral Taylor here summoned a council of war, composed of the heads of !hc 
 different commands, in all thirteen, excluding the commander-in-chief. The 
 General, after returning thanks for their support and bravery on the 8th, and 
 wishino- to be advised as to what the}' thought best to be done, called on each to 
 give his opinion. It was then ascertained that but four out of the thirteen were 
 in favor of going ahead, the other officers composing the council voted, some to 
 entrench where they were, and await the assistance of the volunteers, and others 
 to retire at once to Point Isabel ; but the General said, " I will be at Fort Brown 
 before night, if Hive .'" 
 
 About one, P.M., the army resumed its march. When it first halted. Cap- 
 tain G. A. McCall had been sent ahead with 100 picked men to scour the chap- 
 arral and watch the progress of the enemy. Captain Smith, of the Artillery, 
 with his battalion of light companies of the 1st Brigade, followed. The army 
 then proceeded through the chaparral till within about three miles of the Fort, 
 when word was passed to the rear that the enemy were in force in front, and in 
 a selected position. There was no stopping for reflection or plan. The troops 
 filed past the wagons, and deployed skirmishers to the right and left of the road. 
 They had hardly deployed when the heaviest fire commenced. The enemy 
 were posted upon the opposite side of a ravine, their left guarded by a pond, 
 with three batteries, containing in all eight pieces of artillery, established one 
 on the left, one in, and one on the right of the road. Upon the General's arri- 
 val, the gallant McCall was ordered to repair to the spot where his advance 
 guard was first fired upon, and " draw the fire of the enemy's batteries, so that 
 The General might know where to place his." That was what might be called 
 a forlorn hope — they went and fearlessly drew and received their fire. 
 
 The 5th and 8th Infantry were deployed on the left of the road and the 3d 
 and 4th on the right, with orders to advance as rapidly as possible and fight the 
 enemy wherever he might be. The thicket was almost impenetrable, and it was 
 with the greatest difficulty that they could get through it. The Mexicans dis- 
 covered or guessed at the General's disposition of his force, and poured into 
 them grape and cannister shot from eight pieces of artillery, which were planted 
 on the^'two sides of the road and entrenched upon the margin of a pond impass« 
 uble to men and horses. Their batteries were answered, but could not be si- 
 lenced behind their entrenchments. Owing to the dense chaparral, the regi- 
 ments became much mixed, but fought not the less severely. Lieutenant R. 
 Ridgely advanced with his battery and threw shells and schrapnel shot among 
 the enemy. The enemy clung to their batteries with the greatest pertinacity. 
 The gallant Lieutenant, in one of his advances, had not yet unlimbtred, when 
 he was charged by a body of lancers, who came dashing down upon him like 
 thunder ; fortunately one of his pieces was unlimbered, and Sergeant Keanes 
 put a load of cannister on top of a shell and fired it. This scattered them all 
 but four, who came dashing along. Lieutenant Ridgeley charged them in per- 
 son, and drove them off Tall this time the balls were rattling like hailstones. 
 Captain May rode back to tne ^.xeneral and asked if he should charge the en- 
 emy's battery in the road with his squadron? " Charge, Captain, noZra^ vo- 
 lens," was the reply, and away dashed the gallant fellow and his squadron down 
 the ravine ! The enemy poured a volley of grape into them, which killed Lieu- 
 tenant Inge, and swept away nearly the whole of his first platoon. On they 
 went, and drove the enemy from their pieces, and captured the battery ! 
 
 In this charge, in the front rank, were Capt. May himself, poor Inge and Lt. 
 Sackett. When May gave the word " charge '" Sackett's horse being a little 
 the quickest, got the start. In the midst of a shower of grape. May said to S, 
 ' Sackett, that's not fair ! you took the jump on me !" Lt. Sackett's horsa 
 iras almost at that moment shot, and fell with him into a water hole. He fell 
 
30 THEWASWITHMBXIC} 
 
 anon the Lieutenant who with great difficulty disengaged himself with the loM 
 01 his sword. He took another horse and sword from a dragoon, and again 
 joined in the fight. 
 
 Gen. Vega was fighting in person at the Mexican batteries, and was just iii. 
 the act of touching off a cannon when taken prisoner by May. 
 
 The 5th and 8ih Infantry were then ordered to advance (being the nearest to 
 the enemy's batteries) and bring off the pieces, but the enemy had regained them, 
 and a desperate conflict hand to hand ensued, which lasted half an hour, when 
 the Mexicans began to give back, and left the Americans in possession of their 
 guns. At this time the whole of the Infantry became engaged, and the action 
 continued almost without cessation until sunset, when the enemy were driven 
 across the Rio Grande. There were many feats of personal daring during the 
 action. Ll. Lincoln of the 8th, was ordered to charge into the chaparral where 
 the Mexican infantry were lodged, and were pouring a most destructive fire upon 
 our men as they advanced along the road. Lincoln charged upon the chapar- 
 ral with the bayonet at the head of his company. In the thickest of the fight 
 he saw Lieut. Jordan of another company, to whom he was much attached, 
 wounded upon the ground, and a Mexican standing over him with his musket 
 raised in the act of stabbing Jordan with his bayonet, Lincoln sprang forward, 
 and the Mexican seeing him, his bayonet was turned aside a little, and passed 
 through Jordan's arm instead of his breast, at which the blow was aimed. At the 
 same instant Lincoln's sword cleft the Mexican's skull. Another Mexican in- 
 stantly made a pass with his bayonet at Lincoln, but he jumped aside and as the 
 Mexican passed forward, Lincoln's sword was buried in his skull. Other Mex- 
 icans rushed in, and Lincoln and his sergeant despatched three more of them on 
 the spot, in a fight hand to hand. 
 
 Corporal Farrel, of the 4th Infantry, with ten men, came up to Lt. Hays of 
 the 4th, and exclaimed, — " Lieutenant, if we had an officer to lead us, we would 
 take that piece .'" referring to one which was pouring the " leaded messengers 
 of death " into his brave comrades. '* You shall not say you had no officer to lead 
 you. Corporal, /oZZow Twe .'" was the reply of the fearless Hays; and away they 
 dashed and stormed the battery, and took it. 
 
 An officer of infantry, perceiving his men were firing with great rapidity, but 
 not with sufficiently good aim as he thought, called out to them — " Be carefut 
 and not waste your ammunition. Take good aim and never miss your maa. 
 Remember, I have given a receipt for every one of these cartridges !" Pretty 
 soon they charged into the chaparral, when they met the enemy face to face. 
 One of the men charged upon a Mexican, and as he ran him through with his 
 bayonet, he roared out — " Captain, look here — I have saved one cartridge !" 
 
 Innumerable instances among the men of desperate courage prove how detet- 
 mined was the army to conquer or die. 
 
 The order was now given to pursue the enemy, and on went the brave troops, 
 yelling and firing, with the Mexicans in full run 'ueiore them, until they reached 
 the river, and found the General officers and cavalry had outrun them, and the 
 remainder of the Mexican army dispersed through the chaparral. As soon as 
 the route of the enemy was reported to Gen. Taylor, he ordered the troops to 
 return and encamp upon the field of battle. Thus ended the day, in the most 
 brilliant victory of the age. Hearing of the action of the 8th, the commanding 
 General in Mataraoras had sent over, to reinforce Arista, two veteran regiments 
 numbering upwards of a thousand men, who had been in twenty battles and never 
 lost one — so that in the action of the 9th the American army were opposed by 
 7000, or nearly that. Col. Child's battalion having been left with the baggage 
 waggons, was not in the action. There was also a detachment sent that morn- 
 ing with the train to Point Isabel — reducing Gen. Taylor's force engaged to 
 •omething under 800 men. 
 
THE WAB WITH M S X I C . 81 
 
 The following is Gen. Taylor's despatch, giving a detailed account of thit 
 battle 
 
 Head-qitarters Army of Occupation, 
 
 Cvmp near Fort BrowD, Tesaf, May IT, lilitt 
 
 Sir ; In submitting a more minute report of the affair of •• Resaca de la Palma," I have 
 the honour to state that early in the morning of the 9th inst.,the enemy who had encamped 
 near the field of battle of the day previous, was discovered moving by his left flank, evi. 
 dently in retreat ; and perhaps at the same time to gain a new position on the road to Mat- 
 amoras, and there again resist our advance. 
 
 I ordered the supply train to be strongly packed at its position, and left with it four pieces 
 of artillery — the two 18 pounders which had done such good service on the previous day — 
 and two 12 pounders which had not been in the action. The wounded officers and men were 
 it. the same time sent back to Point Isabel. I then moved forward with the columns to the 
 edge of the chaparral or forest, which extends to the Rio Grande, a distance of seven miles. 
 The light companies of the 1st brigade, under Captain C. F. Smith, 2d artillery, and a select 
 detachment of light troops ; the whole under the command of Captain McCall, 4th infantry, 
 were thrown forward into the chaparral, to feel the enemy and ascertain his position. About 
 three o'clock, I received a report from the advance, that the enemy was in position on the 
 road with at least two pieces of artillery. The command was immediately put in motion, 
 and at about four o'clock I came up with Captain McCall, who reported the enemy in force 
 in our front, occupying a ravine which intersects the road and is skirted by thickets of dense 
 chaparral. Ridgely's battery and the advance under Captain McCall were at once thrown 
 forward on the road, and into the chaparral on either side, while the 5th infantry and one 
 wing of the 4th were thrown into the forest on the left, and the 3d and the other wing of the 
 4th, on the right of the road. These corps were employed as skirmishers to cover the bat- 
 tery and engage the Mexican infantry. Captain McCall's command became at once engaged 
 with the enemy, while the light artillery, though in a very exposed position, did great ex- 
 ecution. The enemy had at least eight pieces of artillery, and maintained an incessant fire 
 upon our advance. 
 
 The action now became general, and although the enemy's infantry gave way before th« 
 •teady fire and resistless progress of our own, yet his artillery was still in position to check 
 our advance — several pieces occupying the pass across the ravine, which he had chosen for 
 his position. Perceiving that no decisive advantage could be gained until this artillery was 
 silenced, I ordered Captain May to charge the batteries with his squadron of dragoons 
 This was gallantly and effectually executed, the enemy was driven from his guns, and Gen- 
 eral La Vega, who remained alone at one of the batteries, was taken prisoner. The squa- 
 dron, which suffered much in this charge, not being immediately supported by infantry, 
 could not retain possession of the artillery taken, but it was completely silenced. In the 
 meantime, the 8th infantry had been ordered up, and had become warmly engaged on the 
 right of the road. This regiment, and a part of the 5th, were now ordered to charge the 
 batteries, which was handsomely done, and the enemy entirely driven from his artillery and 
 his position on the left of the road. 
 
 The light companies of the 1st brigade, and the 3d and 4th regiments of infantry, had 
 been deployed on the right of the road, where, at various points, they became briskly en- 
 gaged with the enemy. A small party under Captain Buchanan and Lieutenants Wood and 
 Hays, 4th infantry, composed chiefly of men of that regiment, drove the enemy from a breast- 
 work which he occupied, and captured a piece of artillery. An attempt to recover this piece 
 was repelled by Captain Barbour, 3d infantry. The enemy was at last completely driven from 
 his position on the right of the road, and retreated precipitately, leaving baggage of every 
 description. The 4th infantry took possession of a camp where the head-quarters of the 
 Mexican general-in-chief were established. All his oflicial correspondence was captured 
 at this place. 
 
 The artillery battalion (excepting the flank companies) had been ordered to guard th« 
 baggage train, which was packed some distance in rear. That battalion was now ordered 
 up to pursue the enemy, and with the 3d infantry. Captain Ker's dragoons, and Captain Dun* 
 rin's battery, followed him rapidly to the river, making a number of prisoners. Great num« 
 bers of the enemy were drowned in attempting to cross the river near the town. The corps 
 last mentioned, encamped near the river, the remainder of the army on the field of battle. 
 
 The strength of our marching force on this day, as exhibited in the annexed, field report, 
 was 173 officers, and 2049 meii — aggregate, 2222. The actual number engaged with the en- 
 emy did not exceed 1700. Our loss was three officers killed and twelve wounded ; thirty- 
 •ix men killed and seventy-one wounded. Among the officers killed, I have to regret the 
 loss of Lieutenant Inge, 2d dragoons, who fell at the head of his platoon, while gallantly 
 charging the enemy's battery ; of Lieutenant Cochrane, of the 5th, and Lieutenant Chad- 
 bourne, of the 8th infantry, who likewise met their death in the thickest of the fight. Th« 
 officera wounded were Iiieutenant-Colonel Payne, Intpector General; iiieutenant Dobbini 
 
38 THE WAR WITH MEXICO. 
 
 3d infantiy, serving with the light infantry advance, slightly ; Lieutenant-Colone Mcln 
 tosh, 5lh infantry, severely (tvyrice) ; Captain Hooe, 5th infantry, severely (right ara since 
 amputated); Lieutenant Fowler 5th infantry, slightly ; Captain Montgomery, 8th infantry, 
 slightly ; Lieutenants Gates and Jordan, Sth infantry, severely (each twice) ; Lieutenants 
 Selden, Maclay, Burbank, and Morris, Sth infantry, slightly. A statement of the killed and 
 wounded is annexed herewith. 
 
 I have no accurate data from which to estimate the enemy's force on this day. He is 
 known to have been reinforced after the action of the Sth, both by cavalry and infantry, and 
 no doubt to an extent at least equal to his loss on that day. It is probable that 600U mea 
 were opposed to us, and in a position chosen by themselves, and strongly defended with ar- 
 tillery. The enemy's loss was very great. Nearly 200 of his dead were buried by us on the 
 day succeeding the battle. His loss in killed, wounded, and missing, in the two affairs of 
 the Sth ar.'d 9th, is, I think, moderately estimated at 1000 men. 
 
 Our victory has been decisive. A small force has overcome immense odds of the best 
 troops that Mexico can furnish — veteran regiments perfectly equipped and appointed. 
 Eight pieces of artillery, several colors and standards, a great number of prisoners, inclu- 
 ding fourteen officers, and a large amount of baggage and public property have fallen into 
 our hands 
 
 The causes of victory are doubtless to be found in the superior quality of our officers and 
 men. I have already, in former reports, paid a general tribute to the admirable conduct of 
 the troops on both days. It now becomes my duty — and I feel it to be one of great delicacy 
 — to notice individuals. In so extensive a field as that of the Sth, and in the dense cover 
 where most of the action of the 9th was fought, I could not possibly be witness to more 
 than a small portion of the operations of the various corps ; and I must, therefore, depend 
 upon the reports of subordinate commanders, which I respectfully enclose herewith. 
 
 Colonel Twiggs, the second in command, was particularly active on both days in execut- 
 ing my orders, and directing the operations of the right wing. Lieut.-Colonel Mcintosh, 
 commanding the Sth infantry, Lieut.-Colonel Garland, commanding the 3d brigade, Lieut 
 Colonel Belknap, commanding the 1st brigade, Lieut. Colonel-Childs, commanding the artil- 
 lery battalion. Major Allen, Captains L. N. Morris and Montgomery, commanding respec- 
 tively the 4th, 3d, and Sth regiments of infantry, were zealous in the performance of their 
 duties and gave examples to their commands of cool and fearless conduct. Lieut. Colonel 
 Mcintosh repulsed with his regiment a charge of lancers in the action of Palo Alto, and 
 shared with it in the honors and dangers of the following day, being twice severely wounded. 
 Lieut.-Colonel Belknap headed a charge of the Sth infantry, which resulted in driving the 
 enemy from his guns, and leaving us in possession of that part of the field. 
 
 Captain Duncan and Lieutenant Ridgely deserve especial notice for the gallant and effi- 
 cient manner in which they manoeuvred and served their batteries. The impression made 
 by Captain Duncan's battery upon the extreme right of the enemy's line, at the aff"air of Palo 
 Alto, contributed largely to the result of the day ; while the terrible fire kept up by Lieut. 
 Ridgley, in the aff"air of the 9th, inflicted heavy losses nnon the enemy. The IS-pounder 
 battery, which played a conspicuous part in the action ol the Sth, was admirably served by 
 Lieutenant Churchill, 3d artillery, assisted by Lieutenant Wood, topographical engineers. 
 The charge of cavalry on the enemy's batteries on the 9th, was gallantly led by Capt. May, 
 and had complete success. 
 
 Captain McCall, 4th infantry, rendered distinguished service with the advanced corps 
 under his orders. Its loss, in killed and wounJ^d, will show how closely it was engaged. 
 I may take this occasion to say that, in two forme, instances.. Captain McCall has rendered 
 valuable service as a partisan officer. In this coa.iection, I would mention the services of 
 Captain Walker, of the Texas rangers, who was in both afl^airs with his company, and who 
 has performed very meritorious service as a spy and partisan. 
 
 I must beg leave to refer to the reports of subordinate commanders for the names of many 
 officers, non-commissioned officers and privates, who were distinguished by good conduct 
 on both days Instances of individual gallantry and personal conffict with the enemy were 
 not wanting in the affair of the 9th, but cannot find place in a general report. The officers 
 serving on the staffs of the different commanders, are particularly mentioned by them. 
 
 I derived efficient aid on both days from all the officers of my staff". Captain Bliss, assist- 
 ant adjutant general, Lieut. Col. Payne, inspector general, Lieut. Eaton, A. D. C, Captain 
 Waggaman, commissary of subsistence, Lieut. Scarret, engineer, aad Lieutenants Blake and 
 Meade, topographical engineers, promptly conveyed my orders to every part of the field 
 Lieut Colonel Payne was wounded in the Affnii of the 9th, and I have already had occasion 
 to report the melancholy death of Lieut. Blake, by accident, in the interval between the two 
 engagements Major Craig and Lieutenant Brereton, of the ordnance department, were 
 actively engaged in their appropriate duties, and Surgeon Craig, medical director, superin- 
 tended in person the arduous service of the field hospitals. I take this occasion to mention 
 generally the devotion to duty of the medical staff" of the army, who have been untiring in 
 their exertions both in the field and in the hospitals, to alleviate the suff'erings of the 
 wounded of both armies Captains Crossman and My«rs of the quartermaster's departmeat, 
 
THE WAR WITH MEXICO. 33 
 
 who had charg;e of the heavy supply train at both engasjements, cond ncted it m a most satis 
 factory manner, and finally brought it up without the smallest loss, to its destination. 
 
 I enclose an inventory of the Mexican property captured 05 the field, and also a sketch 
 of the field of" Resaca de la Palma," and of the route from Point Isabel, made by my aid 
 de-camp. Lieutenant Eaton. One rogimental color, (battalion of Tampico,) and many stand- 
 ards and guidons of cavalry were taken at the afi'air of t!ie 9th. I would be pleased to 
 receive your instructions as to'the disposition to be made of these trophies — whether thej 
 «M1 be sent to Washington, &c. I am, very respectfully, vour obedient servant, 
 
 " Z. TAYLOR, 
 Brevet Brig. Gen. U. S A. Commanding 
 
 The Adjutant Genekal of the Army, Washington, i). C 
 
 REPORT OF COLONEL TWIGGS TO GENERAL TAYLOR, 
 
 Head Quarters Right Wing, Army of Occupation, ) 
 
 Camp near Matamoras, May 15, 1S46. 3 
 
 Sir — I have the honor to make the following report of the transactions of the different 
 corps of the right wing of the array under my command during the actions with the enemy 
 on the 8th and 9th inst. About half-past 2 P. M. on the Sth, we found ourselves at the 
 Palo Alto, within ono mile of the chaparral which borders the Rio Grande, and nine miles 
 from the river, my command being composed of Major Rin'j;gold's company of lii^ht artil- 
 lery, two squadrons of dragoons, the Sth infantry, and the 3d and 4th infantry, composing 
 the 3d brigade. 
 
 The enemy, at the distance of about half a mile, opened their batteries on their right, 
 which being immediately responded to by our two 18-pounders in charge of Lieut ChurchilL 
 brought on the action of the Sth inst. Major Ringgold's battery was ordered to the right 
 and front of the 18-pounders, at a distance of about seven hundred yards from the enemy, 
 when the battery was opened with great effect, as was shown the next day by the number 
 of the enemy's dead found along his line. The infantry, in the mean time, was formed in 
 the rear of the artillery, receiving with the greatest possiiile coolness the enemy's fire, and 
 only anxious for the order to rush in and partici'pate actively in the affair. 
 
 A regiment of the enemy's lancers was observed to move to our right, apparently to gain 
 possession of our wagon train, a few hundred yards in rear. The ."ith infantry and two 
 pieces of Major Ringgold's artillery, under the command of Lieut. R. Ridgely, were ordered 
 to check this movement. Having gained ground to the right some four or five liundred yards, 
 the 5th was formed in square to receive a charge from the lancers, who advanced to within 
 fifty yards, when the opposing side of the square fired into and repulsed them, having re- 
 ceived in the meantime several irregular discharges from the enemy. The lancers re-formed, 
 and continued their movement to get in rear of our right flank, when I ordered the third to 
 move to the right and rear around a pond of water, and prevent their progress ia that diiexv 
 tion. Seeing their movement fi-ustrated in this point, the lancers commenced a retreat ia 
 good order, marching apparently by squadrons, when First Lieat. R. Ridgely, of Major 
 Ringgold's battery, assisted by Brevet 2d Lieut. French, opened a fire on them, and scattered 
 them in all directions. In this affair the enemy lost some twenty-eight or thirty. 
 
 This portion of the right wing served in about this position until the close of the action. 
 In the meantime Major Ringgold, with the remaining two pieces of his battery, continued 
 to jilay on the enemy with great success. The gallant Major was mortally wounded by u 
 cannon ball towards the close of the action, and his horse shot under him at the same time 
 The army and the country will long deplore the loss Of so brave and accomplished an officer. 
 
 The 2d squadron of dragoons, commanded by Captain May, who during the day was under 
 the immediate orders of the general commanding, being ordered to turn, if possible, the left 
 tlank of the enemy, the 1th infantry was ordered to support him. Having advanced in our 
 right and front .some four hundred yards undtr a very severe fire from two of the enemy'* 
 batteries, it was found that the force he had to oppose was eight or nine hundred cavalry'; 
 he retired agreeably to his orders, and the 4th infantry was accordingly withdrawn. In (his 
 operation Capt. May's s juadron had five men wounded and six horses killed, and the 4th 
 rnfarstry o'ne man killed, one officer, (Capt. Page) mortally, and one man severely wounded. 
 Sight coming on, the right wing took position in front of the vyagon train, and slept on their 
 arms on the ground first occupied by the enemy. The perl'ect coolness of Lieut. Ridgely, 
 and the great precision with which he fired his pieces vs'hil^^t acting in concert with thia 
 5lh, deserves notice, the last and most effective shot he having aimed himself. 
 
 On the morning of the 9th, some of the enemy being discovered in the edge of the chap- 
 arral, we advanced the Sth infantry on the right, with the 2d squadron of dragoons in front. 
 Major Ringgol i's battery, commanded by Lieut. Ridgely, on the left of the Sth, and tlie 3rd 
 brigade oa its left On advancing, the enemy having retired, we catered the chaparral, aad 
 
 3 
 
31 THEWAHWITHMEXrCO. 
 
 apprnariiod to within eijht hundred yards of Resaca de la Palma, where the enemy had JaK#B 
 po.si'ioa for ti^ht. The advance guard having kept up a fire till our arrival, Lieut. Ridgely 
 w.iij ordered in front of the 5th with his battery, and having advanced cautiously to within 
 about four hundred yards of their battery in the road, the enemy opened on hiir -vith grape. 
 Lieut. Ridgely pushed forward rapidly about one hundred yards further, and returned their 
 lire with great spirit and success, advancing on them whenever their tire slackened. A 
 limes the two batteries wpve firing cannister at each other when not more than one hundred 
 yards apart. Having advanced in lliis manner about five hundred yards, Caf^ain May's 
 squadron was ordered to charge the enemy's guns. Dashing forward in column of fours, 
 (the main road admitting of no other formation,) the squadron charged across the ravine 
 through seven of the enemy's pieces, driving the gunners from them — Capt. May, with 
 LifUts. Inge, Stevens and Sackett, and the 1st and 2d platoons of the squadrons, charging 
 the guns in the road and oi tiic right of it. Captain Graham, accompanied by Lieut. Win- 
 ship anil Pleasonton, with tlie .jd and 4th platoons, leading the cliarge against the pieces 
 on the left of the road i!i the ravine. Capt. May, having charged through the pieces in the 
 road, rallied sonie six men and charged again at some of the gunners, who had regained their 
 pieces, drove them of!', and took Gen. Vega prisoner. In the charge, Lieut. Inge fell at the 
 head of his platoon whilst leading it on gallantly, having passed through their batteries. 
 Corporal McCauley was taken jirisoner ; nine privates and eighteen horses were killed. 
 Sergeant McMuly, nine privates, and ten horses wounded. The 4th infantry, under the 
 command of Brevet Major Allen ; the 5th, commanded by Lieut. Colonel Mcintosh ; and the 
 3d, commanded by Capt. S. N. Morris, retained possession of the enemy's artillery, repulsing 
 at different times largely superior parties brought to bear against them, and finally brought 
 ofl'the pieces, making several prisoners of war. After the unsurpassed, if not unequalled, 
 charge of Capt. May's squadron, the enemy was unable to fire a piece. In this affair, in 
 which Lieut. Inge, id dragoons, and Lieut. Cochrane, 4th infantry, were killed, Lieut.-Col. 
 Mcintosh, Capt. Hoe, and Lieut. Dobbins were wounded, I would respectfully call the at- 
 tention of the commanding-general to the gallant conduct of Col. Mcintosh, 5th, and Col, 
 Garland, 4th ini'antry, (commanding the 3d brigade,) Lieuts. Ridgely, Shover and French, 
 3d artillery ; Captains May and Graham, Lieuts. Winship, Stevens. Pleasonton and Sackett, 
 '2d dragoons; and Capt. Buchanan, Lieuts Hays and Woods, 4th infantry, &c. — the latter 
 two having captured a piece of artillery, defended by one hundred and fifty or two hundred, 
 with but a few men. 
 
 The enemy having been routed with great loss, this day's action closed with much honor 
 to the American army, spreading terror among the Mexican people. In this action every 
 officer and man performed his duty most gallantly. 
 
 Captain Arnold and Lieutenant McDonald, 2d dragoons, my aids on the Sth and 9th inst. 
 
 performed the several duties assigned them with promptness, coolness and courage. They 
 
 Accompanied me during the whole of the affair, except when detached carrying orders. 
 
 The detailed account of the commander of each regiment and corps is herewith transmitted 
 
 I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 D. E. TWIGGS, Col. 2d Dragoons, commanding right wing, A. D. 
 
 Capt. W, W. S. Bliss, Assistant Adjutant General, 
 
 Army of Occupation, camp near Matamoras. 
 
 Camp near Mata)nora6, May 10, 1S46. 
 
 Sir : In compliance with your directions, I have the honor to report that the company 
 which I now have the honor to command, took up its position in line of battle about three 
 o'clock, P.M., on the afternoon of the Sth, at a distance of about 500 yards from the enemy's 
 line. After receiving a few rounds of artillery, we advanced about 100 yards, where we 
 opened our battery with considerable execution, as proven the next day ; but in consequence 
 of their making a flank movement to our right, I was detached, with two pieces, to operate 
 with the 3th infantry, who had been sent forward to oppose the movement. My section had 
 already lost one man, and two horses badly wounded. As I was taking position on the right 
 of the 5th, who were in s juare, they fired a volley from one of its faces oa the enemy, 
 whose cavalry had charged. I at once unlimbered and commenced firing. Very shortly I 
 saw their artillery and cavalry, which latter was in large force, retiring. I am happy to 
 state our fire proved effective, and the movement was frustrated. Brevet Second Lieutenant 
 French had the immediate charge of one of the pieces. We continued changing position 
 from point to point until dark, when we encamped. I then learned that Brevet Major Ring- 
 gold, who had beefi with the other section, had been badly wounded. The section waa 
 brought up by Lieutenant Shover, who had kept it actively employed the entire afternoon. 
 
 'i'iift following morning, about noon, 1 took my position in rear of the 5th infantry, on our 
 way to Matamoras, marching in columns of sections wherever practicable. After having 
 advanced about five milc.j, I was ordered to the front with my battery, and was then inform- 
 
p 
 
 THEWARWITHMEXICO 35 
 
 ed the enemy were immediately in our front, occupying the road with their artillery. Cap*. 
 tain Walker, of the Texas Rangers, was sent to point out to me their exact position.' Aftei 
 moving very cautiously for a short distance, I discovered them about 400 yards in advanca 
 in the road, and almost instantly their artiileiy opened. I moved rapidly to the front for 
 about 100 yards, and returned their fire, which was kept up very spiritedly on both sides fcr 
 some time, their grape shot passing through our battery in every direction. So soon as '« 
 slackened, I limbered up and moved rapidly forward, never unlimbering, unless seeing them 
 in front, or perceiving, from the fire of their infantry, they were on my flanks. Frequently 
 Ihe several pieces fired canister on them, when not over 100 or 150 "yards. After havini^ 
 tdvanceJ in this manner for about 500 yards. Captain May, 2d dragoons, rode up and saic^ 
 '♦ Where are they.' I am going to charge." 1 gave them a volley, and he most gallantly 
 dashed forward in " columns of fours" at the head of his squadron. I followed as quietly as 
 possible at a gallop, only halting when I came upon the edge of the ravine, where I found 
 three pieces of artillery, but no cannoniers ; however, their infantry poured into me a mosi 
 galling fire at from 25 to 50 paces ; and here ensued a most desperate struggle, but our in- 
 fantry coming up, they were completely routed. Their cavalry came so near that I once 
 cut at them with my sabre. I did not advance as rapidly as 1 desired, as I perceived it was 
 not at times supported by the infantry, it being impossible for them to get throuffh the 
 chaparr.il. 
 
 I cannot, sir, speak in too high terms of the gallantry and coolness of my officers, and the 
 behaviour of my non-commissioned officers and men generally ; and respectfully be"- leave 
 to call the attention of higher authorities to the fact that the officers, during the greater por- 
 tion of the engagement, and always when closely pressed, had to perform the duties of not 
 only one, but tmo cannoniers, handling their own shot, and firing their own pieces in cot>. 
 sequence of the very limited number of men. 
 
 In conclusion, sir, I am proud to state, that until the enemy's artillery was taken, and 
 Ihey completely routed, no other artillery was required, or at least used, but the battery I 
 Have the honor to command. 
 
 I am, sir, very respectfully, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 RANDOLPH RIDGELEY, 
 1st Lieutenant, 3d Artillery, commanding Light Company C. 
 
 CASUALTIES. 
 
 Killed — One private on the 8th. 
 
 Wounded — One brevet major, on the Sth, one sergeant, three privates. 
 
 Horses — Two horses wounded on the Sth, since dead ; one horse, on the Sth, abandoned . 
 five horses very severely, unserviceable, on the 9th ; six horses, not very severely on 
 the 9th. 
 
 Dragoon Camp, Resaca de la Palma, on the Battia Ground, May 10, 1846, ' 
 
 Sir: Having been detached from the head quarters of my regiment, with my squadron, 
 and acting under the immediate orders of the commanding general durin"- the actions of the 
 Sth and 9th instant, it became my duty to report the services which the squadron 1 had the 
 honor to command rendered during these actions. 
 
 You are aware that my first orders, on the Sth, were to strengthen the left flank of the 
 army, and sustain Lieutenant Duncan's battery ; in this position I lost four horses killed and 
 two wounded. 
 
 About half an hour before sunset, I received orders to proceed to the enemy's left flank, 
 and drive in his cavalry; in execution of these orders, and while passing the general and 
 his staff', the enemy concentrated the fire from their batteries upon us, killing six of my 
 hors=!3, and wounding five men. I succeeded in gaining a position on the enemy's left, with 
 a view of charging his cavalry, but found him in such force as to render inelfectual a chargo 
 from my small command, and therefore returned, in obedience to my instructions, to my first 
 position, where I remained until the close of the action, which terminated very shortly af- 
 terwards. Thus ended the service of my squadron on the Sth instant. 
 
 On the morning of the 9th, my squadron was actively employed in reconnoitering the 
 ciiaj^arral in advance of the field of the Sth ; and on the advance of the army, 1 took my po- 
 sition as the advance guard. When about half a mile from the position which the enemy 
 were reported to have taken, I was ordered to halt, and allow the artillery and infmtrv tr> 
 pass, and await farther orders. I remained in this position about three quarters of an hour, 
 when I was ordered to report with my squadron to the general. I did so: and wag ordered 
 by the general to chirge the enemy's batteries, and drive them from their pieces; which 
 ♦ras rapidly executed, with the loss of Lieutenant Inge, seven privates, and eighteen horses 
 .iilled; and Sergeant Muley, nine privates and ten horses wounded. Lieutenant Sackett* 
 
T H K War w fe t a Mai •■ - . 
 
 Mid Sergeant Story, in tbe iront, oy my aidn 1i«^-. '.-; ..rrscs Killed under them ; and Lieu- 
 tenant (tiije was gallantly :eadmg bif^ -jU/."". y.-.^n ne fell. We charged entirely through 
 tho enemy's batteries of seven pi<>.-e<« <:aptain Graham, accompanied by Lieutenants Wi'n- 
 Aip ana Pleaaanton, leading tht- cnarge against the pieces on the left of the road, and my- 
 self, accompanied by Lieutenants Inge, Stevens, and Sackett, those on the direct road— and 
 fiined the rising ground on the opposite side of the ravine. The charge was made under a 
 eavy fire of the enemy's batteries, which accounts for my great loss. After gaining the 
 rising ground in the rear, I could rally but six men; with these I charged their gunners, 
 who had regained their pieces, drove them off, and took prisoner General Vega, whom I 
 found gallantly fighting in person at his battery. I ordered them to surrender, an'd en recc- 
 iiizing me as an officer, he handed me his sword. I brought him, under a heavy fire of their 
 infantry, to our Unes, accompanied by Lieutenant Stevens and a sergeant of my sijuadron. 
 I then directed Lieutenant Stevens to conduct him in safety to our rear, and presented his 
 gword to the commanding general. 
 
 From this time until the enemy were routed, I was engaged in collecting my men, who 
 had become scattered in our lines, and succeeded in assembling half of my squadron, joined 
 the army in pursuit of the enemy, until he crossed the Rio Grande, from which I returned 
 to camp. 
 
 I cannot speak in terms of sufhcient praise of the steadiness and gallantry of the officers 
 and men of my command. They all behaved with that spirit of courage and noble daring 
 vyhich distinguished the whole army in this memorable action, and achieved the most bril- 
 liant victory of the age. 
 
 I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 C. A. MAY, Captain, 2d Dragoons, commanding 2d Squadron 
 
 Lieutenant McDonald, Adjutant, 2d Dragoons. 
 
 REPORT OF LIEUTEI^ ANT-COLONEL BELKNAP TO GENERAL TAYLOR. 
 
 Head Quarters, First Brisjade, Camp near Matamoras, May 15, 18-16. 
 
 Sir : In submitting an official report of the operations of the 1st brigade, in the actions 
 of the 8th and 9th of^ May, at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, I feel a degree of delicacv 
 in the task, from my humble rank, in comparison with the importance and magnitude of my 
 command, and lest I shall be unable to do full justice to the admirable conduct of the officeri 
 and men who served under my orders. 
 
 On my first meeting the enemy, I received your order to form on the left, with instruc 
 tions to move intrf the chaparral, and allow the men to refresh themselves by getting water 
 Perceiving in a few moments that the enemy were advancing, and not knowing precisely- 
 being on the left of the line — where water was to be obtained, 1 directed the men to remain 
 in the ranks. The enemy shortly after having halted, and your instructions for the refresh- 
 ment of the men having been repeated, they proceeded to get water, and immediately fell in, 
 prepared and eager for action. The brigade was then ordered to advance in column on the 
 Isft of tlie army — the battalion of aitillcry, under command of Lieutenant Colonel Childs, on 
 the right, the Sth regiment of infantry, commanded by Captain Montgomery, on the left, and 
 Captain Duncan's battery in the centre. The army having thert been ordered to advance, 
 the brigade moved in this order until tlie enemy opened his batteries ; when the brigade was 
 halted. Captain Duncan's battery advanced about two hundred yards and commenced a most 
 destructive fire upon the enemy. This disposition was maintained for about two hours, when 
 the enemy's fire slackened, and finally ceased. Nothing could surpass the coolness and 
 steadiness of the command while thus exposed to a galling fire, receiving, as they did, the 
 heavy discharges of the enemy's well-aimed artillery, without the power of defending them- 
 selves. 
 
 In a short time after the firing ceased, the army was ordered to advance and take position 
 somewhat nearer to the enemy ; the battalion of artillery taking post in rear and to the right 
 of the two 18 pounders, Captain Duncan's artillery on their left, and the Sth infantry on the 
 left and to the rear of this battery. At this moment, Captain Duncan, with his usual quick- 
 ness of perception, discovered and communicated to me the fact, that the enemy was mov- 
 ing the entire cavalry and infantry force of his right wing upon our train, in rear of the left 
 of our line of battle, and that his battery could produce a more destructive effect upon the 
 enemy by taking a position farther to the left. I ordered him to proceed to the threatened 
 point with all possible dispatch, and hold the enemy in check till the Sth infantry could 
 come up to his support. The battery dashed back to the left flank, in full view of the ene- 
 my, and engaged him within point blank range of his small guns. So sudden and unex- 
 pected was this movement to the enemy, who, a moment before, saw his battery disappear 
 ni an opposite direction, behind the smoke of the burning prairie, that his whole column of 
 cavalry pulled up to a halt before a shot had been fired, or even the guns unlimbered. A 
 itrong body of the enemy's infaatry. supported by two squadrons of cavalry, debouched *■••'•" 
 
THEWARWITHMEXICO. 87 
 
 the extreme right of the chaparral, and moved steadily forward to the attack ; one section 
 of the battery opened upon them with round shot, shells, and spherical case, so well direct- 
 ed, that the whole advance, horse and foot, fell back in disorder to the bushes ; the other 
 section played, in the meantime, upon the masses of cavalry that had halted at the sight of 
 the guns, as beicre mentioned. Although these shots were well directed, and each mada 
 an opening through an entire squadron, this part of the enemy's line stood unsliaken. 
 
 The column of cavalry and infantry, driven hack in the chaparral by the other section, 
 re formed there, and moved forward a second time to the attack with great regularity. After 
 they advanced about 100 yards from the chaparral, the section hefore ordered to drive them 
 back, again opened, and drove them with even greater success than before. They fell back 
 Dell mell to the bushes and commenced their retreat ; their supporting cavalry abandoned 
 ther::, ru.<hed back upon the head of the columns that had before withstood our shot, ana a 
 flight commenced. Squadron after squadron took it up, and the entire right wing of the 
 army was in full retreat, lloth sections were now brought to bear upon the enemy's broken 
 and flying columns, and a brisk and destructive fire was kept up till they disappeared in the 
 chaparral, or darkness put an end to the battle. 
 
 When this battery tirst reached its position on the left, and before the infantry could ar- 
 rive for its support. Captain Ker, of the 2d dragoons, who had been directed with his squa- 
 dron to guard the baggage train, with a promptness and eagerness worthy of all praise, of- 
 fered to repel any attempt of the enemy to assail the battery on its left. 
 
 Durinicthc absence of the Sth infantry on the left, the commander of the artillery batta- 
 lion, vigorously and successfully repelled a d'Jsperate effort of the enemy to carry the 18 
 pounders, by promptly forming square and arresting the charge of cavalry. While in this 
 position, he received a lire from a line of the enemy's infantry, which was (juickly returned. 
 He then encamped on his own ground; at this time the brigade was reunited near the IS- 
 pounder battery, and bivouacked in front of the army. 
 
 On the morning of the 9th we were instructed to i^ssume the same order and advance 
 upon the enemy, he having in the night and early in the morning, retired. The brigade 
 advanced across the plain and took position in the chaparral, where we lialted for several 
 hours, waiting instructions, and burying m the mean time eleven of the enemy's dead, that 
 were there found terribly mangled. The army having been put in march in the afternoon, 
 the brigade was ordered to halt as a reserve, when within about a mile of the enemy's posi- 
 tion. In a few minutes, the firing having commenced in front, I received orders to move 
 up Duncan's battery and one battalion of infantry. Tlie battery and the Sth regiment were 
 immediately put in motion, the latter in double quick time. 
 
 On arriving at the scene of action, the Sth regiment charged the enemy on the right of 
 the road, and" drove him from his position. At this moment Captain May, of the '2d drag- 
 oons, informed me that he had charged and carried one of the enemy's batteries, but being 
 unsupported, was unable to maintain it. 1 immediately ordered the 8th infantry to form in 
 the road, when it was led to a charge upon the battery, a part of which had, as reported, 
 been re-taken by the enemy. This movement was executed with the greatest celerity, and 
 the battery secured. The regiment then charged upon the ravine and across the small 
 prairie, amidst a sheet of fire from the front and" right, drove tiie supporting column before 
 it, destroying the enemy in vast numbers— they having maintained a most determined and 
 obstinate resistance, until finally repulsed and driven from the field. Captain Montgomery, 
 with his regiment, pursued vigorously into the chaparral on the opposite side of the ravine, 
 until from the rapid flight of the enemy, farther pursuit was useless. 
 The conflict was short. The result shows the seventy. 
 
 At the head of the ravine 1 met with Captain McCall, 4th infantry, who in command of 
 the advance, had gallantly brought on the action, and poured a most destructive, and kept 
 up an incessant fire upon the enemy. 
 
 After the commencement of the action, on advancing with the Sth infantry and the bat- 
 tery of the artillery, I ordered Lieut.-Col. Childs to remain with his battalion as a reserve 
 It is due to Col. C to state, that he was desirous that his battalion should be selected to ad- 
 Vance into the action instead of the Sth regiment. He soon after received orders from the 
 commanding-general to advance. He obeyed and rapidly pursued the enemy to the Rio 
 Grande, where having thrown our pickets, he captured one captain, and about twelve pri- 
 vates during the enemy's flight. 
 
 As soon as the enemy's batteries were carried, and his infantry began to give ground, 
 Capt. Duncan was ordered to cross the ravine and take up a new position, that previously 
 occupied, rendering it impossible for him to assail the enemy, without galling our own 
 troops. This was done, and the enemy vigorously pursued, a few well directed shots from 
 our batteries driving him from position to position till he reached the river. 
 
 Where ail have acted noblv, it may seem improper to speak of individuals, but I feel 
 compelled to nane the commanders of corps in the brigade. The commander of the bat- 
 talion of artiller} , Lieut.-Col. Childs, needs no praise from me. His well-earned fame, 
 won on many a field, is known to all ; but his coolness and intrepidity in the battle of the 
 8th, during '.he heavy cannonade of the enemy, the prompt manner in which he repulsed 
 
38 THE WAR WITH MEXICO. 
 
 the charge upon the 18-pounder battery, and his hot pursuit of the enemy to the banks -f 
 the Rio Grande on the evening of the 9tli, are new evidences of his zeal and soldiership, 
 which it gives me pleasure to record. 
 
 Capt Montgomery, in command of the Sth infantry at Pale Alto, manifested the utmo;»t 
 coolness during the connonade of that day, when his horse was shot under him The cele- 
 rity with which he moved to the support of the battery of Artillery, when threatened hv 
 the enemy's cavalry, as well as his eagerness in getting into action on the Dth, in which he 
 was wounded, and his vigor in pursuing the enemy, merits high commendation. 
 
 I cannot too much commend tiie skill and judgment of Captain Duncan on both fields 
 His quick eye detected at Palo Alto the threatening movement of the enemy on ^he hftj 
 whose advancing columns were arrested by his prompt action, and finally turned back by 
 the rapid and skilful discharges from his fine battery. 
 
 In the battle of the t'th, the 8tli regiment lost Lieutenant Chadbjurne, a promising young 
 
 1. L/, who fell in the discharge of his duty. Lieutenants Gates and Jordan were badly, 
 but not mortally wounded. The latter, wlien personally charging the enemy, being over- 
 powered by numbers, was relieved by Lieutenant Lincoln, who slew with his own hand 
 two of the fiercest assailants. Lieutenants Selden, Burbank, Maclay, and Morris, were 
 wounded. Lieutenant Luther, of the artillery battalion, was wounded by a musket ball in 
 the action of the Sth. On this day, Lieutenant Daniels, acting aid-de-cauip, had his horse 
 Mhot under him by a cannon ball. Captain McKavett, of the Sth infantry, and acting field 
 officer of his regiment, had his horse shot under him by a musket ball on the 9th. 
 
 I cannot close this report without bearing testimony to the zeal and efficiency of the brig- 
 ade staff. The highest praise belongs to Lieut. Chase, 2d artillery, acting assistaiit adjutant 
 general, and Lieut. Daniels, 2d artillery, brigade commissary and acting aid-de-camp, for 
 the rapidity with which they communicated my orders from point to point, and the cool 
 ness and courage they displayed under the hottest fire in both these battles. 
 
 My thanks are also due to Mr. John B. Cozzens, of New York city, who rendered valua- 
 ble assistance, by transmitting, with intelligence, such information as I had occasion, from 
 time to time, to communicate. 
 
 It is impossible to enumerate all the instances o. oersonal bravery conspicuous on these 
 (lays. It may be confidently asserted that in their pas;--ive e.vposure to the deadly fire of the 
 enemy's batteries on the plain of Palo Alto, the fortitude, high moral couraice, hardy valor 
 hnd perfect discipline, displayed by the troops, have few parallels in the history of war; 
 v,iiile the battle of Resaca de la Palma will long be associated with deeds of heroism and 
 ijitrepid daring which can never be surpassed. 
 
 In the action of the Sth the artillery battalion lost in killed, one sergeant, one corporal, 
 one private, wounded, one lieutenant, two artificers, one musician, and five privates — aggre- 
 gate, 12. _ 
 
 The Sth infantry lost, killed, 4 privates, 16 privates wounded — total SO, including mi-ssing, 
 2 privates. The artillery coinjjany had wounded, 1 non-commissioned officer, 1 artificer, 
 and 2 privates — total, 4. 
 
 On the 9th the companies in Captain McCall's command belonging to the artillery battal- 
 ion, lost in killed, 1 corporal, 2 privates ; wounded, 1 sergeant and 4 privates — total 10. 
 
 The 8th regiment of infantry, on the 9th, lost in killed, 1 subaltern, 4 non-commissioned 
 officers, and 3 privates — total 8 ; wounded, 7 officers, 8 non-commissioned officers, 17 pri- 
 vates — aggregate, 32. 
 
 I have the honor to be, verv respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 M. G. "BELKNAP," Lieut. Col. Comm'g. 1st Brigade. 
 Capt. W. W. S. Bliss, Ass't. Adj't. Gen., Army of Occupation. 
 
 Battle-field near Matamoras, 
 
 Headquarters Sth brigade. May 11, 184G. 
 
 Colonel: I have the honor to enclose herewith, for the information of the commanding 
 general, the reports of Capt. Lewis Morris, of the 3(1, and brevet Major Allen, of the -1th 
 infantry, giving a detailed account of the services performed bv the regiments under their 
 respective commands in the actions which took place on the Sth and 9th instant. 
 
 I have only this moment received these reports, and as I am under orders to march imme- 
 diately with my brigade, have not a moment to add any thing to them, if I were disposed to 
 do so. Both of these regimental commanders used every effort to meet the enemy and to 
 overcome him. It was pleasing to me to witness the gallant rivalry between these two 
 corps. They shared liberally in the dangers and exertions which brought about our signal 
 success. I witnessed with great satisfaction, in a dense chaparral. Captain Morrison, of the 
 4th, overcoming obstacles which 1 believed insurmountable, in order to re;':,h the enemy 
 
 Of Captain McCall, 4th infantry, whoso merits are fully appreciated by the commanding 
 general, I can make no remark, as he was detached with a separate command, under thi« 
 Bpocial instructions of the general himself. 
 
THEWARWITH MEXICO. 39 
 
 ft gires me .£n*eat pleasure to speak in terms of high approbation of the efficient services 
 ot my principal staff" otEcers, Lieutenant Beaman, of the 4th infantry, brigade major ; Lieu- 
 lenanl G O. Haller, A. C. S., also rendered me valuable service during the two actions. 
 
 Most respectfully, I am, colonel, your obedient servant, J NO. GARLAND, 
 
 Lieut. Col. 4th infantry, commanding 3d brigade 
 
 Col. I> E. Twiggs, 2d dragoons, commanding right wing, Army of Occupation. 
 
 Head-quarters, 4th Infantry, 
 
 Camp on the Battle I-'ield, May 10, 1846. 
 
 Sir: I have the honor to report for the information of the colonel commanding the 3d 
 '■irigaile, that in obedience to orders received yesterday^ when the firing commenced, the 4th 
 infantry deployed as skirmishing on the right and left of the road, and advanced towards the 
 poiat vvhere the firing seemed most lively. After rushing on for some short distance, it 
 svas discovered that the enemy were ))ouring in a heavy fire of grape and musketry, from a 
 small breastwork just in front, defended by one piece of artillery, and about 150 or 200 men. 
 Captain IJuehanan being nearest this point, and finding himself the senior oiiicer, collected 
 some 25 or oQ men of the regiment; portions of his own company, and companies D, II, 
 .md K, and it together with Lieuis. Hays and Woods, charged the work, completely routed 
 the enemy, and captured the field. The regiment still continued to move forward until it 
 emerged from the thicket into the main camp of the enemy, containing the head quarters of 
 the commanding general of the Mexican army, their dmmu;iition, some 300 or 400 mules, 
 jiaddles, and every variety of camp equijiage. I regret extremely to announce the death ol 
 i'"'irst Lieutenant R. E. Cochrane of my regiment, who fell at tlie very edge of Die camp, 
 whilst gallantly leading his men into it. The nature of the chaparrd was such, that in 
 goinjc through it, it very frequently became unavoidably necessary to divide the regiment 
 into detachments, each of which met the enemy at difl'erent points, and always p>it him to 
 flio'ht. I cannot pass over in silence the brave and distinguished behaviour of Lieutenant'* 
 Havs and Woods, as well as that of Sergeant Major Maloney, and Corporals Farrel and Mc 
 Tarlin, who, whilst their gallant commander, Captain Buchanan, was busily engaged in 
 driving back the infantry, rushed forward with six men to the cannon, and whilst Lieuten- 
 ant Hays was endeavoring to despatch one of the mules attached to it. Lieutenant AVoods 
 sprung to the handspikes, turned the piece in such a direction as to lock one of the wheeh 
 against a tree, and thereby prevented its being moved, and succeeded in defending and secu- 
 ring it. The conduct of the officers and men on this day, as well as on the Sth, reilecls the 
 highest credit on the x\merican soldier. On the Sth, Captain Page was severely, if no! 
 mortally wounded ; one man killed and one wounded. On the 9th, 1st Lieut. R. E. Coch- 
 rane, and three men were killed, Lieutenants Wallen and Hays, and six men wounded ; 
 Lieutenants Wallen and Hays very slightly. 
 
 Very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. W. ALLEN, 
 
 Brevet Major, Comm'g 4th Infantry. 
 To Lieut. Col. J. Garland, Commanding 3d Brigade. 
 
 P. S. For further particulars, you are referred to the accompanying report of Captain 
 Buchanan. G. W. A. 
 
 I have the greatest pleasure in expressing my warmest thanks to the adjutant of the 4tL 
 infantry, Lieutenant Haskins for his coolness, gallantry, and etiicient assistance throughout 
 the whole of both affairs. GEO. W. ALLEN, 
 
 Brevet Major, Comm'g 4tli Infantry. 
 
 Camp on tlio Battle Field, Miiy 10, I84<J. 
 Sir: In compliance with your request, I have the honor to report that, in the deploy- 
 ment of the 4 th infantry, 1 found myself in command of companies B, D, and K, on the lefl 
 of the road as we entered ; and having been ordered to cross to the right and advance, did 
 «o. After crossing tlie pond, I had with Lieutenants Hays and Wood;), and about thirty men 
 of different regiments, mostly, however, of the 4th. Upon deploying my men on the crest 
 of the hill, 1 discovered one of the enemy's pieces about fifty yards in my front, which was 
 defended by about 150 infantry. I charged, and took the piece, and attempted to spike it, 
 but not being able to do so, took it back to a place of safety. The enemy had a breastwork in 
 rny rear, and opened a heavy fire on me, when, with abo\it ten men, I dislodged him, and 
 drove him across the road. Too much credit cannot be given to Lieuts. Hays and Woods, 
 i.f the 4th. They were among the very first to reach the piece, and to them belong the 
 credit of its capture. While 1 was engaged in driving the enemy from his breastwork, these 
 officers, with the men, repulsed a party that charged them in order to recapture their piece 
 
40 
 
 TUE WAR WITH MEXICO. 
 
 1 cannot refrain from calling your attention to Sergeant Major Maloney and Corporal Fat- 
 rel, who behaved with remarkable coolness and gallantry. Every body did his duty nobly. 
 29 becomes American soldiers. 
 
 I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, 
 
 K013ERT C. BUCHANAN, Captain 4th Infantry 
 To Major G. \V. Allen, Commanding 4th Infantry. 
 
 Head Quarters, Third Infantry, Camp on Battle Field, near .Matamorag, May 10, 1844 
 Sir : I have the honor to report that, in obedience to your order, immediately before the 
 battle of the 'Jth instant, at this place, I deployed the 3d infantry as skirmishers "on the ri^ht 
 of the road— the jeft resting on the road— the regiment advanced rapidly to the front, and 
 Boon after the firing commenced, I found my command so fdr advanced as to be exi)osjd to a 
 cross-fire from our own and the enemy's batteries, and in consequence of the very dense 
 chaparral the regiment became very much scattered. 1 passed an order down the line for 
 the olticers to collect all the men they could, and bring ihem into the engagement, which 
 was altogether on the left of the road. I returned myself with all the men f could collect, 
 turned Duncan's batteries, and joined in the action" on the left Hank, with Lieuts. Johns, 
 Bee, Williamson, and Hatch. 3d infantry. Lieutenant and Adjutant Irons passed into the 
 rigid with a few men, and joined a party under Captain McCali. 'I'he odicers near me en 
 this occasion did all that could be desired of gallant soldiers. They directed the men with 
 coolness, judgment, and activity ; the soldiers, too, about thirty in the detachment, did them- 
 selves great credit. I regret that I cannot give a more full account of what the regiment 
 accomplished. As stated before, it became scattered, and each olhcer was compelled to act 
 independently. Some few have to regret that they could not (ind their way out of the chap- 
 arral in time to join in the battle. Captain Barbour did good service with his detachment, 
 by driving back a body of cavalry attempting to recover a piec^ of artillery taken by some 
 officers and men of the 4th infantry. I must not omit to notice in this report the conduct of 
 (Corporal O'SuUivan, of company E, 3d infantry, who fired at a body of the enemy, and im- 
 mediately rushed in among them and seized a lieutenant by the collar, disarmed" him, and 
 delivered him a prisoner to Lieutenant Graham. He afterwards went with a party under 
 Sergeant Kendall, of F company, 3d Infantry, captured a gun from the enemy, rolled it out 
 into the road, and turned it over to an officer of the 5th infantry. There were many othei 
 acts of individual daring; but, where all behaved well, it is deemed unneces.sary to multiply 
 instances. 
 
 I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 L. N. MORRIS, Captain 3d Infantry, Commanding the Regiment 
 Lieutenant-Colonel J. Garland, Commanding 3d brigade. Army of Occupation. 
 
 Head Quarters, otd Infantry, CampoD the Field of Battle, May 10, 184C. 
 
 Sir : In obedience to your orders, I have the honor to report that, in the action of Palo 
 Alto, on the Sth instant, the fjth infantry was placed on the extreme right of our line. Af- 
 ter sustaining the cannonade of the enemy for about three quarters of an hour, the regiment 
 was ordered to turn the lelt flank of the eneniy, and was detached for that purpose, advanc- 
 ing nearly half a mile to the right and front; the cavalry of the Mexicans, with two pieces 
 of artillery, in view, extending themselves apparently for the purpose of outllanking us. On 
 the near approach of the enemy's cavalry, the regiment was thrown into square, with Capt. 
 Walker, of the Tex ;3 Rangers, and tvyeaty mounted men, on our right. The enemy com- 
 menced an irregular fu'e upon our s (uare as they advanced, wounding three or four of our 
 men, and continued to do so until within about fifty yards, when our fire was delivered I'rom 
 one front of the square, killing several men and horses, and causing the enemy to retire. 
 Our fire was followed by the rides of the mounted men. At this moment Lieutenant Ridge- 
 ly, with two pieces of his battery, came to our support, and poured in a destructive fire of 
 grape and cannister on the enemy, now in full retreat towards his right. The regiment re- 
 mained on this ground for about half an hour, when we were ordered to take up position on 
 the right of the new line, which had been formed by throwing forward our right, the enemy 
 having changed his front nearly perpendicular to his first line. Here we received a sevei'e 
 fire from the enemy's batteries, wounding a corporal of the color company, and the color ser- 
 geant slightly. As it was now near night, we were ordered up for the pi'otection of the 
 train, the cannonading from both sids ceasing at dusk. 
 
 In the battle of the 'Jth. the 5th being in advance, and the enemy being discovered in front, 
 tlie legimcnt was ordered into the chaparral on the left of the road, and directed to advance 
 afi skirmishers, and push for the enemy. The chaparral at first was dense and almost im- 
 passable, consejuently the regiment became much separated and extended, rendering f 
 
THE WAR WITH MEXICO. 4] 
 
 Impossible to advance with much regularity. A severe cannonading from both sides now 
 began, mingled with a tremendous fire of musketry. In a few moments the order wasgiveo 
 to charge the enemy's batteries, which was promptly done by cavalry and infantry, and the 
 enemy's guns were all captured. In this brilliant exploit the .5th bore a conspicuous part— . 
 a portion of the regiment successfully resisting the attempt of the enemy to recapture three 
 gims on the right of his battery, the remainder of the regiment being extended towards the 
 right, and mingling in the severe and close engagement which was there going on, and wan 
 so gloriously terminated. 
 
 During the action of this day, Lieut.-Colonel Mcintosh and Captain Hooe were severely, 
 and Lieut. Fowler slightly wounded : loss of the rank and file, nine killed and twenty-five 
 wounded — many of them severely. 
 
 In conclusion, I will only add that all, both officers and men, did their duty in a most gal 
 lant manner, determined to conquer the enemy or perish in the conflict. 
 
 I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 F. STANIFORD, Major 5th Infantry, commanding Regiment 
 
 To Col. D. E. Twiggs, commanding Right Wing, Army of Occupation. 
 
 Camp of the Artillery Batt., 
 First Brigade, hear Matamoras, Mexico, May 13, 1846. 
 Captain Geo. A. McCall, 4th Regiment of Infantry: 
 
 Sir : Agreeably to your desire, to-day I have the honor to report that, pursuant to your 
 orders on the 9th instant, my command (consisting of the four light companies of the brig- 
 ade) advanced on the right of the road flanking our artillery, and about eighty yards from it. 
 The moment the fire of the enemy was heard, I hastened to the battalion, marching it by 
 the right flank in the direction of the pond, until stopped by the thick chaparral, when it 
 was faced to the front, and advanced in the direction of'the enemy's battery. It being 
 impossible to get through the chaparral advancing in line of battle, I ordered an advance 
 
 by heads of companies, and to have the line re-formed as soon as we could get throuo-h a 
 
 matter that seemed difficult, if not impossible. 
 
 We had advanced thus but a few paces, when a discharge of musketry was given by the 
 enemy towards the battery, and from our right and rear. This rendered a corresponding 
 change on my part necessary. Accordingly I ordered the battalion to deploy as skirmish*^ 
 ers, facing the pond, and to advance through the chaparral as far as possible. The moment 
 this deployment was attempted, a heavy and well-sustained fire of musketry was opened 
 upon us from the opposite edge of the pond, and kept up until the enemy retired. The 
 chaparral was too dense for the men to charge through, but they maintained a steady fire, 
 and with considerable effect, until a short time before the close of the action, when, my 
 own observation confirming the report of the officers and men that a severe cross fire of 
 musketry, which had been opened upon us from the left came from our friends, I withdrew 
 the battalion about 200 yards, and then moved up the road to report for orders. General 
 Taylor (by his adjutant general) directed me to sustain Lieutenant Duncan's battery, just 
 about to pursue the enemy, which I did until it halted here. The behaviour of the compa- 
 ny, officers* and men, was all that could be desired. I feel under especial obligations to 
 Captain J. B. Scott, 4th artillery, for the assistance rendered me (as an acting field oflScer) 
 throughout the day. I give a return of the killed and wounded below. 
 
 Very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. F SMITH, 
 
 Captain 2d Art. comd'g. Bat. of light companies, 1st Brigade. 
 
 *K. 24 Art.— Bv't. 2d Lt. H. F. Clarke. I. 4th Art.— 1st Lt. J. C. Peniberton. A. 8th Inft.— 1st Lt A T Leo. 
 Sd Lt. i. Loiigetreet. F. 8th lufu— 2a Lt. J. Beard&ley, Bv't. 2il Lt. T. J. Montgomery. ' 
 
 REPORT OF CAPT. McCALL TO GEN. TAYLOR. 
 
 Camp near Matamoras, 
 
 May 13, 1846. 
 
 Sir : On the 9th instant, in obedience to your orders, I marched from Palo Alto — the 
 Mattle-ground of the 8th — with the " advance" (consisting of 220 men,) to follow and 
 observe the movements of the enemy on the route to I^latamoras. I directed Capt. C. F. 
 Smith, 2d artillery, with the light companies of the 1st Brigade, to move on the right of the 
 road; while I advanced with the detachment, composed of artillery and infantry, on the left. 
 CapL Walker, of the Texas Rangers, with a small detachment of mounted men, was order- 
 ed to examine the road in front ; and Lieutenant Pleasanton, 2d dragoons, with a few drag* 
 oons, marched in rear of the columns of infantry. 
 
 Having followed the trail of the enemy about two and a half miles, through the cliapar- 
 ral, a prisoner was taken on the edge of the Jackass prairie, and one of the enemy killed 
 B} Capt. Walker's men on the prairie. 
 
42 
 
 THE WAR WITH MEXICO 
 
 Having examined the opposite side, Capt. Walker reported the road clear, when, desiring 
 to procure definite information as to the position of the enemy, I pushed hira forward into 
 the chaparral, (within supporting distance,) and one or two'parties of from three to six 
 were seen in the brush ; one of which — a mounted party — was fired upon oy my right flank - 
 ,»rs. On rcacliing the open ground at La Resaca de hi Falma, the head of my column 
 rt'C iiyed three rounds of cannister shot from a masked battery, which killed oiie private 
 ajid wounded two sergeants, on the left of the road, and made my men take cover. They 
 rallied, however, handsomely, within forty or fifty paces. I now brought Capt. Smith's 
 detachment to the left of the road, proposing to attack by a flank movement, what I suppo- 
 sed to be on/y the rear-guard of the retiring army; and I sent Lieut. McCown, with two 
 men, to recall Lieut. Dobbins, who, with a few men, had deployed to the left, where he 
 killed one or two of the enemy, who showed themselves in his front. On the return of 
 Lieut. Dobbins, with Lieut. McCown, the former reported a large body of troops in motion 
 u:i oui- left, and at the same time some lancers were observed in the road in front. Being 
 now satisfied that the Mexican army was in force, in our front, I despatched three dragoons 
 to inform you of the fact, and then moved my command to a stronger position to await your 
 arrival. 
 
 On your arrival, Capt. Smith was again ordered to take the right of the road, while I took 
 the left, with orders to bring on the action, and then flank the enemy. Advancing about threa 
 hundred yards or more to the front and flank, I encountered the right of the enemy's infantry, 
 and the action immediately commenced. They were strongly posted in the ravine on the 
 near side of the |)ond, (the principal line being on the opposite side,) and, in addition to 
 the fire of musketry from both lines, my men were exposed to heavy discharges of cannister 
 from two field-pieces in rear of their centre; yet, in a short time the enemy were driven 
 from their right towardij the road, and my men followed with a hearty cheer. In following 
 them, however, I soon found that our own batteries were sweeping my front, and their fire 
 being kept up, I made a flank movement to the road, and here I at once became engaged with 
 the enemy occupying the pond on the right of the road. As soon as their fire ceased at this 
 point, I recrossed the road to regain my former position on the right flank of the enemy. 
 Here a part of my regiment became mixed in with the 5th regiment of infantry ; they united 
 with that regiment, and charged with it. Lieutenant Pitcher of the 5th regiment was of 
 the number. I continued to advance on the left of the 5th regiment, and was soon engaged 
 with part of the regiment of the Tampico guards. They received several destructive fires 
 from my men, and then retired. I should mention that during this interval, Lieut. McCown 
 having been separated from me, joined the 8th infantry and charged with them. My com- 
 mand continued to move forward on the enemy's right with more or less interruption, (in 
 separable from a bush fight,) until the close of the battle. 
 
 Captain Smith being separated from me, I was not an eye-witness of the individual cor, ■ 
 duct of himself and officers, but I enclose herewith his report made to me this day. 
 
 In that part of my command where I was in person, every officer and man did his duty 
 most handsomely. I received every assistance from the good conduct of Lieutenants Dob- 
 Lin, McCown, Wainwright, and Pitcher, Lieutenants Dobbin, Wainwright, and Pitcher, 
 dsed their own rifles and guns with good effect against the enemy, and everywhere inspired 
 ihe men with confidence and eagerness to engage. 
 
 The loss sustained by the advance on the 9th May, was six killed and fourteen w'^unded 
 I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 GEORGE A. McCALL, Captain 4th Infantry, commanding the Advance 
 
 Captain W. W. Bliss, Adjutant General, Arrny of Occupation. 
 
 The following, which we take from the Washington Union, completes the se 
 ries of General Taylor's despatches : 
 
 From the Uoion, July 'Hi. 
 We have been favcT::d with a copy of the General Order No. 59, issued by General Taylor. It 
 requires no introduction or explanation ; but it illustrates bis scrupulous sense of justice towards ev- 
 ery one under h.\a command. This extreme solicitude tor the reputation of others is an honorable 
 trait, and is the key to General Taylor's hold upon the aft'ections and respect of the army : 
 
 Head Quarters, Army of Occupation, Matamoras, July 6, 1846. 
 
 Sir: It has been brougnt to my notice that an omission occurred in my detailed report of the ac- 
 tion of the 9th, which I bi>g loave to supply in the following wordsj to follow immediately after tiva 
 mention of Lieutenant-Colonel Mcliitosb's being " twice severely wounded." 
 
 The command of the 5th Infantry then devolved upon Major Stoniford, who conducted it witij 
 xeal and ability to the close £<f the engagement. 
 
 I need hardly say tirat this omission was entirely accidental, and I beg, as an act of justice to Ma 
 jor Staniford as well as myself, that the above paragraph may be inserted in the original report, anri 
 mav receive the saflie publicity. I am, sir, vtry respectjully, your obedient servant, 
 
 (Signed) Z. T AY LOK, Brevet Major General. 
 
 The Adjutant General of the Army. 
 
WAR BETWEEN MEXICO AND THE UNITED STATES. 43 
 
 Battle of Monterey, tn which General Taylor displayed the greatest Bravery 
 
 This battle, and that of Buena Vista, were the severest of the war 
 in which " Old Rough " was engaged. The Mexicans could not fight 
 the old man. He would never retreat ; and that very firmness of purpose 
 and perseverance ensured victory. 
 
 September 21, 1846, at 7 A. M., the first and volunteer divisions were 
 ordered to advance towards the city. Our mortar and howitzer batteries 
 opened. We Avere fired upon from the citadel. Our men, in the midst 
 of these shots, pushed rapidly onward five hundred yards and rushed into 
 the streets. Captain Backus drove the enemy from this. Two companies 
 of the 4th Infantry (90 strong) moved forward under a terrible fire, and 
 determined to storm a work defended by 500 men. 
 
 The Yankees were ready to undertake almost anything. The more 
 hazardous the enterprise the greater desire they seemed to have to engage 
 in it. They rushed on with the greatest impetuosity and engaged with 
 the foe. 
 
 This was severe fighting. Major Lear was severely wounded, Lieut. 
 D. S. Irwin killed, Capt. G. P. Field killed by lancers, Lieuts. Hoskins 
 and Woods were killed, and Lieut. Graham mortally wounded. Major 
 Abercrombie and Capt. La Motte were slightly wounded. Lieut. Dill- 
 worth lost a leg, and Lieut. Ferret was taken prisoner. 
 
 A body of men, from the 3d and 4th Infantry, of one hundred and fifty, 
 were now ordered to enter the city and take possession of a work of the 
 enemy, apparently a few streets distant. They were exposed to a most 
 destructive fire ; but moved on, taking advantage of every shelter in their 
 way. Capt. L. N. Morris, 3d Infantry, was commander. At last, our 
 cartridges being nearly exhausted, we were commanded to retire, in order, 
 to our captured works. 
 
 Our men marched round nearly two miles to the west end of the tovra, 
 under a heavy fire from " Independence Hill," situated west of the palace, 
 and from " Federacion Hill," between which heights the Saltillo road runs. 
 The 2d Brigade formed and advanced amid a shower of balls, and when 
 within a hundred yards, made a charge at double quick step. The enemy 
 fled in all directions. ^ 
 
 Worth's attack upon the height, commanding the Bishop's Palace, at 
 day-break, (Sept. 22.,) was fierce and successful. The enemy, at the 
 castle, being checked so that they could not aid their flying forces, the 
 height was carried with little loss. 
 
 About noon, the Mexican cavalry deployed before the palace and en- 
 deavored to chai-ge upon our skirmishers. Our men pursued them, under 
 Vinton, with terrible effect. Many of the enemy were kept from entering 
 the castle again, as our men rushed in through every opening, and drove 
 the enemy before them. It was now expected every moment, that the 
 city would capitulate ; but they held out and fought like tigers. 
 
 During the day (23d) the enemy sent in a flag of truce, requesting a 
 cessation of hostilities, that the women and children might be removed 
 
44 
 
 WAR BETWEEN MEXICO AND THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 Old Rough and Ready said, " No, it was too late." Finally the city capitu- 
 lated, and was given up to the forces of the United States. 
 
 Several naval battles were fought near Tuspan, Tampico, and several 
 other towns. 
 
 BATTLE OF BUENA VISTA. 
 
 Battle of Buena Vista. 
 
 On the 5th of February, 1846, Gen. Taylor, having heard reports-of the 
 advancement of Santa Anna with a large force, it was evident that there 
 must be a terrible conflict, and Gen. Taylor selected a pass two miles in 
 advance of Buena Vista, as his position. 
 
 On the morning of the 22d the enemy approached, and Gen. Taylor re- 
 turned immediately to camp. Tremendous clouds of dust announced the 
 advance of the enemy, who arrived in position, with immense masses, be- 
 tween 10 and 11 o'clock A. M. All was silence, waiting for the attack, 
 when a white flag was brought into our camp, by Surgeon-General Lin- 
 denberger, with the following message from Santa Anna: 
 
 " You are surrounded by twenty thousand men, and cannot, in any hu- 
 man probability, avoid suffering a rout, and being cut to pieces with your 
 troops ; but as you deserve consideration and particular esteem, I wish to 
 save you from a catastrophe, and for that purpose give you this notice, in 
 order that you may surrender at discretion, under the assurance that you 
 will be treated with the consideration belonging to the Mexican character, 
 to which end you will be granted an hour's time to make up your mind, to 
 commence from the moment when my flag of truce an-ives in your camp." 
 
 Old Rough and Ready said : " I beg leave to say, that I decline acced- 
 ing to your request." 
 
 Skirmishing commenced and continued until after dark, with slight loss 
 on our side. 
 
 On the morning of the 23d, the action was renewed, and the fighting wai 
 
WAR BETWEEN MEXICO AND THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 4,'t 
 
 SANTA ANNA. 
 
 now very severe upon the enemy; but they poured upon our inerv vol'.eys 
 of grape and cannister. Our left giving way, encouraged the enemy, and 
 large masses of them pressed forward and forced our light troops, on the 
 side o^ the mountain, to retire, and many of them could not be rallied until 
 they reached the depot at Buena Vista. The 2d IlUnois Regiment, to 
 which a section of Sherman's battery was attached, were driven before the 
 enemy. 
 
 The Mexican Infantry and cavalry poured in so rapidly that our rear was 
 in danger. Thus far evidently, every move went against us. But General 
 Taylor now arrived and took a commanding position on the elevated pla- 
 teau. His presence was enough to animate our troops. The Mississippi 
 Regiment, under Davis, was ordered to the left, and came in contact, im- 
 mediately with large portions of the enemy, who had turned our flank. 
 The struggle was severe, but in favor of our troops. 
 
 Our forces were pouiing upon the enemy a terrific fire from different 
 sections and pieces, under O'Brien, Bragg, Sherman, Thomas, Kilburn, 
 Reynolds, French, and Bryan, fonning a line. The thick columns of the 
 enemy were made to stagger, fearful inroads were made in their ranks, and 
 they were finally, after many desperate struggles, obliged to give way. 
 Their success was short, and their shouts of triumph were soon at an end. 
 Just as they began to give way a little, Lieut. Rucker, with his squadron 
 of 1st dragoons, was ordered to dash in among them, which was done with 
 great effect. 
 
 The enemy endeavored to charge once or twice, but were driven back 
 every time in confusion. Firing had nearly ceased ; but one struggle more 
 
4G 
 
 WAR BETWEEOr MEXICO AND THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 was to come. Santa Anna, being reinforced by cavalry, under cover of ar- 
 tillery, charged our line in a most desperate manner, by horse and foot. 
 Great masses came rushing on, and poured among us a deadly fire. 
 
 Our batteries, however, finally turned the tide. Their fire was so finn 
 precise, and awful, that the enemy could not resist, and fell back in disorder. 
 There was dreadful carnage on both sides. 
 
 Our artillery turned the tide of battle three times during the day. It 
 was now ten hours that the battle had been raging. The enemy did not 
 make another attempt to force our lines, and our troops, weary, dropped 
 upon the battle ground to seek rest, to prepare them for the moiTow, 
 among the dead and dying, without any fires to warm their benumbed 
 
 AMERICAN FLEET SALUTING THE CASTLE AT VERA CRUZ. '? 
 
 limbs. The wounded were removed to Saltillo, and our men prepared for 
 an attack in the morning ; but the enemy retired very early to Agua Nueva, 
 leaving many of their dead and dying. 
 
 In the battle of Buena Vista, we had two hundred and sixty-seven 
 killed, four hundred and fifty-six wounded, and twenty-three missing. The 
 enemy must have lost two thousand. There were five hundred of their 
 dead left upon the field. We had twenty-eight oflScers killed, and forty- 
 one wounded. 
 
 Battle of Vera Cruz. 
 
 March 9, 1847, Gen. Scott oi'dered the landing to be commenced imme- 
 diately. Gen. Worth commanded the first line of the army and formed 
 his men (4,500 strong) on the beach and neighboring heights just before 
 sunset, and by 10 o'clock P. M. an army of 10,000 men were on shore, 
 without any accident occuning. Gen. Scott landed early in the morning, 
 and preparations were immediately made to suiTound the city. As our 
 men advanced, some shot and shells were fired from the town and castle, 
 but without effect. At 2 o'clock, March 10, a brisk fire from the enemy 
 commenced. At sunrise, the steamer Spitfire, Capt. Tatnall, took position 
 
r«U BnxWEEN MEXICO AND THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 47 
 
 GENERAL SCOTT. 
 
 in front of the city and castle, and commenced firing. She continued for 
 an hour, and the city and castle returned the compliment. Soon after the 
 Spitfire opened her fire, the 1st and 2d divisions moved up the beach to- 
 wards the city about a mile and commenced to invest the place. 
 
 By the 22d, seven ten-inch mortars were in battery, and others nearly 
 ready. At 2 o'clock P. M., Gen. Scott addressed a summons to the Gov- 
 ernor of Vera Cruz, and received an answer in two hours. 
 
 By noon, we had ten mortars battering the walls of the city. The ten- 
 inch mortars, planted about eight hundred yards from the city, were very 
 effective. The naval battery. No. 5, consisting of three thirty-two pounders 
 and three eight-inch Paixhans, opened. Now, batteries 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, 
 were shaking the whole foundation of the city, by their tremendous fire. 
 
 On the 26th, Gen. Scott i-eceived overtures from Gen. Landero, on whom 
 Gen. Morales had devolved the command. It was finally agreed that the 
 city and castle should surrender to us. 
 
 Battle of Sierra Gordo. 
 
 April 18, 1847, early in tne morning, our army moved to the attack in 
 columns. Gen. Twigg's division attacked the enemy's left and carried 
 the breast-works, after a slight resistance, at the point of the bayonet, and 
 completely routed the enemy at that point. 
 
 The fight was tremendous for a short time, but finally the enemy gave 
 way on all sides. Three thousand men with field and other officers sur- 
 rendered. A large amount of small arms, ordnance, and batteries were 
 taken. Six thousand of the enemy gained the rear of our army on the 
 Talapa road and were pursued. We lost two hundred and fifty, killed and 
 
48 
 
 WAR BETWEEN MEXICO AND THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 BATTLE OF SIERRA GORDO. 
 
 v-'ounded, and among the latter was Gen. Shields. The Mexican loss was 
 about one hundred more than ours, besides those taken pnsoners. We 
 captured thirty pieces of cannon, much ammunition, and the private bag- 
 gage and money chest of Santa Anna, containing twenty thousand dollars. 
 
 Battle of Churubusco. 
 
 August 18, 1847, at 8 o'clock in the morning, the batteries of the enemy 
 opened upon the hacienda of San Antonio, where Gen. Worth was posted. 
 This cannonading was heavy. The air was shaken by the heavy explo- 
 sions, while houses and even strong fortifications were shattered to pieces 
 and fell in thundering ruins, beneath the showers of shot and shells. Al- 
 most all of the streets were swept by bullets and large bombs which burst 
 in the air, and hurled slugs, shot, and fragments among our ranks, making 
 sad havoc. But the Yankees were not frightened yet. Every battery and 
 gun on both sides roared away with horrible sublimity, and actually shook 
 the ground for miles around, and their reverberations rolled with grandeur 
 along the lofty ridges of the moimtains. Now the battle raged higher 
 and higher, and hundi-eds fell to rise no more. This dreadful cai'nage was 
 kept up for six hours, when the darkness of night closed the scene, and 
 the cannons ceased their roar. 
 
 In the morning, firing was heard, and soon a messenger came, saying 
 that Gen. AVorth had carried the whole line of fortifications at Conlreras. 
 
 When the force reached San Pablo, another action commenced, and at 
 the same time Worth's cannons were heard roaring away at Churubusco. 
 The flower of both armies were now engaged in terrible combat. The 
 rattling of the musketry, the clash of arms, the deafening roar of the can- 
 saon, and the groans of the dying, made the scene truly awful! 
 
 Scott was in the midst of danger encouraging his men, while Woi'th ana 
 Twiggs were cheering their soldiers on. Thus one of the severest con- 
 flicts ever witnessed on this continent, raged with increasing power for two 
 
WAR BETWEEN MEXICO AND THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 49 
 
 BATTLE OF GHURUBUSCO. 
 
 hours. Finally our forces gained full possession of all the works, and the 
 enemy fled in dismay to the city. Gen. Worth followed them almost to 
 the gates. 
 
 Soon after this, Santa Anna sent flags, proposing a suspension of hos- 
 tilities. Negotiations took place, and an armistice was adopted. 
 
 It appears that as soon as the propositions of Trist were considered in a 
 grand council of ministers and others, Santa Anna, on the 4th and 5th, 
 without giving any notice to Gen. Scott, commenced again fortifying the 
 city, directly in opposition to the armistice. 
 
 Battle of Mexico. 
 
 Preparatory to storming Chapultepec, it was thougnt best to capture the 
 Mills. Our forces moved towards the enemy and soon met them. There 
 was much energy manifested on both sides. The enemy several times 
 were reinforced, and the action becoming much more general than was 
 expected, Gen. Scott called to our aid, from the distance of three miles. 
 Gen. Pillow, with his remaining brigade (Pierce's), and then Riley's brig- 
 ade of Twiggs' division. These forces approached with great rapidity ; 
 but the victoiy was won just as Gen. Pierce reached the ground. Thus 
 again were our forces victorious. 
 
 The first step was to caiTy the Castle of Chapultepec. The bombard- 
 ment and cannonade, under the direction of Capt. Huger, were commenced 
 early on the morning of the 12th of September, and before night a goo<i 
 impression had been made on the castl3 and its outworks. 
 
 The advance of our men, though necessarily slow, was unwavering, 
 over rocks, chasms, and mines, and under the hottest fire of cannon and 
 musketry. The enemy were steadily driven from shelter to shelter. The 
 retreat allowed not time to spring a single mine, without the certainty 
 «f blowing up friend and foe. Those, who, at a distance, attempted to 
 apply matches to the long trains, were shot down by our men. 
 
 There was death below as well as above ground. At length the ditch 
 
50 WAR BETVrJBEN MEXICO AN© TRU UNITED STATES. 
 
 and wall of the main work were reached ; the scaling ladders were nought 
 up and planted by the storming parties; some of the daring spiiits, first 
 in the assault, were cast down — killed or wounded; but a lodgement was 
 soon made ; streams of heroes followed ; all opposition was overcome, and 
 several of our regimental colors flung out from the upper walls, amid long- 
 continued shouts and cheers, which sent dismay into the capital. No scene 
 could have been more animating. 
 
 Having turned ihe forest on the west, and aiTiving opposite to the north 
 centre of Chapultepec, Gen. Worth came up with the troops in the road, 
 under Col. Trousdale, and aided by a flank movement of a part of Gar- 
 land's brigade in taking the one-gun breastwork, then under the fire of 
 Lieut. Jackson's section of Capt. Magruder's field battery. Continuing to 
 advance, this division passed Chapultepec, attacking the right of the 
 enemy's line, resting on that road, about the moment of the general re- 
 treat consequent upon the capture of the formidable castle and its outworks. 
 
 Worth and Quitman were prompt in pursuing the retreating enemy — 
 the former by the San Cosme aqueduct, and the latter along that of Belen. 
 Each had now advanced some hundred yards. The enemy fled in dismay. 
 Scott joined the advance of Worth, within the suburb, and beyond the 
 turn at the junction of the aqueduct with the great highway from the west, 
 to the gate of San Cosme. At this junction of roads, yve first passed one 
 of those formidable systems of city defence spoken of above, and it had 
 not a gun ! Within those disgamished works our troops were engaged in 
 a street fight against the enemy posted in gardens, at windows, and on 
 house-tops — all flat, with parapets. 
 
 Quitman, supported by Shields and Smith — Shields badly wounded at 
 Chapultepec and refusing to retire — as well as by all the officers and men 
 of the column — continued to press forward under flank and direct fires; 
 carried an intermediate battery of two guns, and then the Belen or south- 
 western gate, before 2 o'clock in the afternoon, but not without severe loss, 
 increased by his steady maintenance of that position. 
 
 About 4 o'clock next morning (Sept. 14), a deputation of the ayunta- 
 mrento (city council) waited on Gen. Scott to report that the federal gov- 
 ernment and the anny of Mexico had fled from the capital some three 
 hours before, and to demand terms of capitulation in favor of the church, 
 the citizens, and the municipal authorities. Scott promptly replied, that 
 he would sign no capitulation ; that the city had been virtually in our pos- 
 session from the time of the lodgments effected by Worth and Quitman 
 the day before ; that he regretted the silent escape of the Mexican army; 
 that he should levy upon the city a moderate contribution, for special pur- 
 poses ; and that the American army should come under no terais, not self- 
 imposed — such only as its own honor, the dignity of the United States, 
 and the spirit of the age should, in his opinion, imperiously demand and 
 impose. 
 
 At the termination of the interview with the city deputation, Worth 
 and Quitman were ordered to advance slowly and cautiously (to guard 
 against treachery) towards the heart of the city, and to occupy its stronger 
 and more commanding points. Quitman proceeded to the great Plaza or 
 square, planted guards, and hoisted the colors of the United States on the 
 national palace, containing the halls of Congress and executive apartments 
 of federal Mexico. 
 
 Soon after we entered, and were in the act of occupying the city, a fire 
 waf! opened upon us from the flat roofs of the houses, from windows and 
 
WAR BETWEEN MEXICO AND THE UNITED STATES. 61 
 
 cotTiers of streets, by some 2,000 convicts, liberated the night before by 
 the flying government — joined by, perhaps, as many more soldiers, who 
 had disbanded themselves and thrown off their uniforms. This unlawful 
 war lasted for more than twenty-four hours, in spite of the exertions of the 
 municipal authorities, and was not put down till we had lost many men, 
 including several officers, killed or wounded, and had punished the mis- 
 ereants. 
 
 Battle of Huamantla. 
 
 After the brilliant achievements of the American forces in and around 
 the city of Mexico, there was little to do excepting to clear the great 
 thoroughfares of the multitudes of guerillas that infested them. Some 
 sharp engagements occurred between Mexico and Vera Cruz before these 
 bodies of robbers could be dispersed. One of these battles took place at 
 the town of Huamantla. 
 
 Gen. Lane having arrived at Perote, early in October, was there joined 
 by Capt. Walker and his command, both advanced together on the Puebla 
 road till they readied the town of Dreyes, at which place Capt. Walker, 
 by order of the commanding General, took up his line of march to Huam- 
 antla, by way of the town of San Francisco and Guapastla. On his arrival 
 at Huamantla, a sanguinary engagement took place in the streets, be- 
 tween the force of Capt. Walker, consisting of 250 men, and that of the 
 Mexicans, numbering 1,600. 
 
 The result of this contest was the total expulsion of the enemy from the 
 town, and its occupation by our valiant little army, which lost in the battle 
 only six men, but the gallant Walker, after performing prodigies of valor, 
 and feats of the most daring character, fell in single combat, pierced by the 
 spear of an enraged father who was goaded to actual frenzy by the death 
 of his son, whose fall by the arm of Capt. Walker he had just witnessed. 
 The father rushed forward, heedless of all danger, to revenge his child's 
 death, and attacking the Captain with almost irresistable violence, plunged 
 his spear into his body and slew him almost instantly. In this engagement 
 the Mexicans lost 200 men and three pieces of artillery. The latter were 
 thrown into a gully adjoining the town, by the victors. At the battle of 
 Huamantla an interesting struggle occurred between the Indiana Volun- 
 teers and a detachment of the 1st Pennsylvania Regiment, as to who should 
 first reach town and plant the American flag on the walls. Lieut. Beany 
 and Private Stobbs, of Pennsylvania, were successful. 
 
 After the achievement of their object, which was the dispersion of the 
 enemy, for which they were despatched to Huamantla, the Americans 
 evacuated the place and directed their course to Pinal, on the Puebla 
 road, which they reached without any opposition. There, meeting with 
 Gen. Lane, the combined American force continued its march upon Puebla. 
 
 They found this city in a state of insurrection, and accordingly entered 
 it in platoons — delivering at every step a constant and well-directed fire 
 of musketry, which ceased not till the enemy retired, and order had been 
 restored in every quarter. 
 
 Battle of Atlizco. 
 
 Gen. Lane, with a considerable detachment, after a forced march from 
 Perote, ten leagues distant, reached the vicinity of Atlixco on the evening 
 of October 19 j and after fighting his way through the forces of Gen. Ilea, 
 
52 WAR BETWEEN MEXICO AND THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 to a summit overlooking tlie town, he there posted his artillery, and for 
 three-quarters of an hour tlirew shot and shell into the "most thickly popu- 
 lated parts," the bright light of the moon enabling the practised gunners 
 to fire with terrific etlect. The crash of the walls and roofs of the houses, 
 when struck by our shot and shells, was mingled with the roar of artillery. 
 Two hundred and nineteen Mexicans were killed, and three hundred 
 wounded, while our own loss was only one killed and one wounded. It 
 was thought necessary to strike these people with terror, because their 
 city had been the refuge and headquarters of guerillas, whenge many an 
 expedition had issued against our troops. 
 
 Expedition to Tehuacan — Narroiv Escape of Santa Anna. 
 
 The detachment, consisting of 350 men and officers, under the com- 
 mand of Gen. Lane, left Mexico on the 18th of January. Maj. Polk, Col. 
 Hays, and Capt. Crittenden, accompanied it. Passing Chalco and Rio Frio, 
 the band took a circuitous route to Puebla, where it arrived on the 21st. 
 
 Leaving Puebla at dark the same day, the company took the road to 
 Vera Cruz as far as Amazoque, where Gen. Lane took a road entirely 
 unknow to any one but himself and the guide. It was little better than a 
 mule path over rocky hills, and after a forty mile march, the troops arrived 
 next morning at the hacienda of Santa Clara. They were then informed 
 that their object was to take Santa Anna, who was then at Tehuacan, dis- 
 tant forty miles, with 150 men. In order that the Mexican chieftain might 
 not obtain information of the presence of our troops in this section of the 
 country, the General ordered every Mexican in the hacienda, and every 
 one found on the road during the day to be arrested and kept close until 
 they left in the evening. 
 
 After leaving the hacienda at dark, they came upon a party of mounted 
 Mexicans, with a carriage, whose occupant bore a passport from Gen. 
 Smith to travel to Orizaba. He was permitted to pass with his attendants. 
 
 At dawn, our array were within half a mile of Tehuacan. The report 
 of a solitary gun of the enemy, gave hope that the bird was about to be 
 caged. Our dragoons and rlilemen dashed right and left, closing every 
 outlet; while the rangers, with cocked revolvers, galloped toward the 
 Plaza to secure their prey; but their amazement and mortification may be 
 imagined, when they learned that, two hours before, the object of their 
 search hand fled to Oajaca, with seventy-five men. With chagrin, they 
 also learned, that the Mexican, whose coach was stopped the evening be- 
 fore, had despatched a messenger across the mountain, to inform Santa 
 Anna that the American troops were on the road, with the intention of 
 making him prisoner. Had it not been for this treachery, the sui prise 
 would have been complete. 
 
 Occupation of Orizaba. 
 
 Leaving Tehuacan, on the 23d, the troops, after a rough march of several 
 miles, came down, February 26, 1848, on the valley of Orizaba. On ar- 
 riving at the gates, the authorities delivered up the keys ; and on entering 
 the city, they discovered the white flag, at the window of every house, 
 and found the entire population assembled to witness their entry, with ap- 
 parent satisfaction. 
 
 Nothing of importance occurred afterwards, until Feb. 2, 1818, when the 
 Treaty of Peace was signed by the American and Mexicaa Governmeits 
 
TREATY 
 
 OP PEACE, FRIENDSHIP, LIMITS, AND SETTLEMENT, 
 
 BETWEEN 
 
 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE MEXICAN REPUBLIC. 
 
 OoBcludedat Guadalupe Hidalgo, February 2, and Ratified, with the Amendments, by the 
 American Senate, March 10, 1848. 
 
 THE TREATY. 
 
 In the name of Almighty God : 
 
 The United States of America and the United Mexican States, animated 
 by a sincere desire to put an end to the calamities of the war which unhap- 
 pily exists between the two Republics, and to establish on a solid basis re- 
 lations of peace and friendship, which shall confer reciprocal benefits on the 
 citizens of both, and assure the concord, harmany and mutual confidence 
 wherein the two people should live as good neighbors, have, for that pur- 
 pose, appointed their respective Plenipotentiaries ; that is to say, the Pre- 
 sident of the United States has appointed N. P. Trist, a citizen of the Uni- 
 ted States, and the President of the Mexican Republic has appointed Don 
 Louis GoNZAGA CuEVAS, Don Bernardo CoNTO, and Don Miguel Atristain, 
 citizens of the said Republic, who, after a reciprocal communication of their 
 respective powers, have, under the protection of Almighty God, the Author 
 of Peace, arranged, agreed upon and signed the following Treaty of Peace, 
 Friendship, Limits and Settlement, between the United States of America 
 and the Mexican Republic. 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 There shall be a firm and universal peace between the United States of America and the 
 Mexican Republic, and between their respective countries , territories, cities, towns and people, 
 without exception of places or persons. 
 
 ARTICLE II. 
 
 Immediately on the signature of this Treaty, a Convention shall be entered into between 
 a Commissioner or Commissioners appointed by the General-in-Chief of the forces of the 
 United States, and such as may be appointed by the Mexican Government, to the end that a 
 provisional suspension of hostilities shall take place ; and that in the places occupied by the 
 said forces, constitutional order may be re-established, as regards the political, administrative 
 and judicial branches, so far as this shall be permitted by the circumstances of military oc- 
 cupation. 
 
 ARTICLE III, 
 
 Immediately upon the ratification of the present Treaty, by the Government of the United 
 States, orders shall be transmitted to the commanders of their land and naval forces, requiring 
 the latter (provided this Treaty shall then have been ratified by the Government of the Mexi- 
 can Republic), immediately to desist from blockading the Mexican ports ; and requiring the 
 former (under the same condition) to commence, at the earliest moment practicable, wi th- 
 drawing all troops of the United States then in the interior of the Mexican Republic, to 
 pointfi that shall be selected by common agreement, at a distance from the seaports not ex- 
 
g4 THE TREATY 
 
 cecdinp **.n*> •♦-.»»<mco ; and such evacaation of the interior of the Eepnblic shrill be com- 
 pleted "I 11 ' ^' -cast possible delay ; the Mexican Goveinment hereby binding itself to afford 
 every 1,'-i '.-f in its power for rendering the same convenient to the troops, on their march, 
 and in their new positions, and for pror.iotinp a good understanding between them and the 
 inhabitants . n like manner, orders shall be dispatched to the persons in charge of the Cus- 
 tom Houses at all ports occupied by the forces of the United States, requiring them (under the 
 same condition) immediately to deliver possession of the same to the persons authorized by 
 the Mexican Government to receive it, together with all bonds and evidences of debt for dutis 
 on importations and on exportations, not yet fallen due. Moreover, a faithful and exact ac- 
 count shall be made out, showing the entire amount of all duties on imports and on exportc, 
 collected at such Custom Houses, or elsewhere in Mexico, by authority of the United States, 
 from and after the day of the ratification of this Treaty by the Government of the Mexican 
 Republic ; and also an account of the cost of collection ; and such entire amount, deducting 
 only the cost of collection,^hall be deHvered to- the Mexican Government, at the City of 
 Mexico, within three months after the exchange of ratifications. 
 
 The evacuation of the Capital of the Mexican Republic by the troops of the United States, 
 in virtue of the above stipulation, shall be completed in one month after the orders there 
 stipulated for shall have been received by the Commander of the said troops, or sooner if 
 possible. 
 
 ARTICLE IV. 
 
 Immediately after the exchange of ratifications of the present Treaty, all castles, forts, terr- 
 itories, places ana possessions, which have been taken and occupied by the forces of the 
 United States during the present war, within the limits of the Mexican- Republic, as about to 
 be established by the following article, shall be definitely restored to the said republic, togeth- 
 er wkh all the artillery, arms, apparatus of war, munitions and other public property, which 
 were in the said castles and- Ibrts when captured, and which shall remain there at the time 
 when this Treaty shall be duly ratified by the Government of the Mexican Republic. To 
 this end, immediately upon the signature of this Treaty, orders shall be despatched to the 
 American officer commanding such castles and ports, securing against the removal or de- 
 struction of any such artillery, arms, apparatus of war, munitions, or other public property. 
 The City of Mexico, within the inner line of intrenchments surrounding the said city, is 
 comprehended in the above stipubitions, as regards the restoration of artillery, apparatus of 
 war, &c. 
 
 The final evacuation of the territory of the Mexican RepubHc by the forces of the United 
 States shall be completed within three months from the said exchange of ratifications, or 
 sooner if possible ; the Mexican Republic hereby engages, as in the foregoing Article, to use 
 all means in its power for facilitating such evacuation, and rendering it convenient to the 
 troops, and for promoting a good understanding between them and the inhabitantSj 
 
 If, however, the ratification of this Treaty by both parties should not take place n time to 
 allow the embarkation of the troops of the United States to be completed before the com- 
 mencement of the sickly season, at the Mexican ports on the Gulf of Mexico, in such case a 
 friendly arrangement shall be entered into between the General-in-Chief of the said troops 
 and the Mexican Government, whereby healthy and otherwise suitable places, at a distance 
 from the ports not exceeding thirty leagues, shall be designated for the residence of such troops 
 as may not yet have embarked, until the return of the healthy season. And the space of 
 time here referred to as comprehending the sickly season, shall be understood to extend from 
 the first day of May to the first day of November. 
 
 All prisoners of war taken on either side, on land or on sea, shall be restored as soon aa 
 practicable after the exchange of the ratifications of the Treaty. It is also agreed that if any 
 Mexicans should now be held as captives by any savage tribe within the limits of the United 
 States, as about to be established by the following article, the Government of the said United 
 States will exact the release of such captires, and cause them to be restored to their countrr 
 
 ARTICLE V. 
 
 The boundary line between the two Republics shall commence in the Gulf of Mexico, three 
 leagues from land, opposite the mouth of the Rio Grande, otherwise called Rio Bravo del 
 Norte, or opposite the mouth of its deepest branch, if it should have more than one branch 
 emptying directly into the sea ; thence up the middle of that river, following the deepest 
 channel, where it has more than one, to the point where it strikes the southern boundary 
 of New Mexico ; thence wcstwardly, along the whole southern boundary of New Mexico 
 ■\Vliich runs north of the town called Paso.) to its western termination ; thence northward 
 along the western line of New Mexico, until it intersects the first branch ijf the River Gila; 
 VI if it should not intersect any branch of that river, then to the point on the said line near 
 
THETREATT. 5§ 
 
 est to sach branch, and thence in a, direct line to the same) thence dowti the middle cf the 
 Baid branch and of the said river, until it empties into the Rio Colorado ; thence across the 
 Rio Colorado, following the division line between Upper and Lower California, to the Pacific 
 Ocean. 
 
 The southern and western limits of New Mexico, mentioned in this article, are those laid 
 down in the map entitled " Map of the United Mexican States, as organized and defined by 
 various acts of the Congress of said Republic and constructed according to the best authori- 
 ties. Revised edition. Published at New York in 1847, by J. Disturnell." 
 
 Of which map a copy is added to this Treaty, bearing the signatures and seals of the un- 
 dersigned Plenipotentiaries. And in order to preclude all difficulty in tracing upon the 
 ground the limit separating Upper from Lower California, it is agreed that the said limits 
 shall consist of a straight line, drawn from the middle of the Rio Gila, where it unites with 
 the Colorado, to a point on the coast of the Pacific Ocean — distant one marine league duo 
 south of the southernmost point of the port of San Diego, according to the plan of said 
 port, made in the year 1782, by Don Juan Pantojer, second sailing master of the Spanish fleet, 
 and published at Madrid in the year 1802, in the Atlas to the voyage of the schooner Sutil 
 and Mexicana, of which plan a copy is hereunto added, signed and sealed by the respective 
 Plenipotentiaries. 
 
 In order to designate the boundary line with due precision, upon authoritative maps, and to 
 establish on the ground landmarks which shall show the limits of both Republics, as described in 
 the present article, the Governments shall each appoint a Commissioner and Surveyor, who, 
 before the expiration of one year from the date of the exchange of ratification of this 
 Treaty, shall meet at the port of San Diego, and proceed to run and mark the said bounda- 
 ry in its whole course to the mouth of the Rio Rravo del Norte. They shall keep journals 
 and make out plans of their operations ; and the result agreed upon by them shall be deemed 
 a part of this Treaty, and shall have the same force as if it were inserted therein. The two. 
 Governments will amicably agree regarding what may be necessary to these persons, and 
 also as to their respective escorts, should such be necessary. 
 
 The boundary line established by this article shall be religiously respected by each of the 
 two Republics, and no change shall be made therein, except by the express and free consent 
 of both Nations, lawfully given by the General Gevernment of each, in conformity with its 
 own Constitution. 
 
 ARTICLE VI. 
 
 The vessels and citizens of the United States shall, in all time, have a free and uninter- 
 rupted passage by the Gulf of California, and by the river Colorado ; and not by land, 
 without the express consent of the Mexican Government. 
 
 If, by the examinations that may be made, it should be ascertained to be practicable and 
 advantageous to construct a Road, Canal, or Railway, which should, in whole or in part, run 
 upon the river Gila, or upon its right or its left bank, within the space of one marine league 
 from either margin of the nver, the Governments of both Republics will form an agreement 
 regarding its construction, in order that it may serve equally for the use and advantage of 
 both countries. 
 
 ARTICLE VII. 
 
 The river Gila, and the part of the Rio del Norte lying below the southern boundaiy of 
 New Mexico, being agreeably to the Fifth Article, divided in the middle between the two 
 republics, the navigation of the Gila and of the Bravo, below said boundary shall be free and 
 common to the vessels and citizens of both countries; and neither shall, without theconsent 
 of the other construct any work that may impede or interrupt in whole or in part, the exer- 
 cise of this right — not even for the purpose of favoring new methods of navigation. Nor 
 shall any tax or contribution, under any denomination or title be levied upon vessels or 
 persons navigating the same, or upon merchandise, or eflfects transported thereon, except in 
 the case of landing upon one of their shores. If, for the purpose of making said rivers 
 navigable, or for maintaining them in such a state, it should be necessary or advantageous to 
 establish any tax or contribution, this shall not be done without the consent of both Govern- 
 ments. 
 
 The stipulations contained in the present article shall not impair the territorial rights of 
 either republic, within its established limits. 
 
 ARTICLE Vtil. 
 
 ^Meixicafts now estabHshW in territories previously belonging to Mexico, and which remaiii' 
 for thfe future,' within the liihits of the United States, as defined by the present Treaty, shall 
 W, free to continue where they now reside, or to remove, at any timfe, to the Mexican Kepnb- 
 
56 thetreatY. 
 
 lie, retaining the property which they possess in the said territories, or disposing thereof, 
 and removing the proceeds wherever they please, without their being subjected, on this 
 account to any contribution, or tax whatever. 
 
 Those who shall prefer to rennain in said territories, may either retain tiie title and rights 
 of Mexican citizens, or acquire those of citizens of the United States. But they shall be 
 under the obligation to make their selection within one year from the date of the exchange 
 of ratifications of this Treaty j and those who shall remain in the said territories, after the 
 expiration of that year, without having declared their intention to retain the character of 
 Mexicans shall be considered to have elected to become cItiKcns of the United States. 
 
 In ihe said territories, property of any kind, now belonging to Mexicans not established 
 there shall be inviolably respected. The present owners, the heirs of these, and all Mexicans who 
 may hereafter acquire said properly by contract, shall enjoy, with respect to it, guaranties 
 equally ample as if the same belonged to citizens of the United States. 
 
 [In place of the following Article, the Senate has inserted the third Article of the Treaty 
 between France and the United States, for the cession of Louisiana, which provides that the 
 inhabitants of the ceded territory shall be admitted to all the rights and privileges of citi- 
 zenship, in accordance with the principles of the Constitution, as soon as Congress shall 
 determine; and that in the meantime, they shall be protected in the enjoyment of their liber- 
 ty, property and religious belief.] 
 
 ARTICLE IX. 
 
 The Mexicans who in the territories aforesaid, shall not preserve the character of citizens 
 of the Mexican Republic, conformably with what is stipulated in the preceding article, shall 
 be incorporated into the Union of the United States, and admitted as soon as possible, ac- 
 cording to the principles of the Federal Constitution, to the enjoyment of all the rights of 
 citizens of the United States. In the meantime they shall be maintained and protected in 
 the enjoyment of their liberty, their property, and the civil rights now vested in them, 
 according to the Mexican laws. With respect to political rights, their condition shall be on 
 an equality with that of the inhabitants of the other territories of the United States, and at 
 least equally good as that of the inhabitants of Louisiana and the Floridas, when these prov- 
 inces, by transfer from the French Republic, and the Crown of Spain, become territories of 
 the United States. 
 
 The most ample guaranty shall be enjoyed by all ecclesiastics and religious corporations, 
 or communities, as well in the discharge of the offices of their ministry, as in the enjoyment 
 of their property of every kind whether individual or corporate. This guaranty shall em- 
 brace all temples, houses and edifices dedicated to the Roman Catholic worship ; as well as 
 •^11 property destined to its support, or to that of schools, hospitals or other foundations for 
 ntable or beneficent purposes. No property of this nature shall be considered as having 
 
 ,ome the property of the American Government, or as subject to be by it disposed of, or 
 iverted to other causes. 
 
 Finally, the relations and communications between Catholics living in the territories afore- 
 said, and their respective ecclesiastic authorities, shall be open, free and exempt from all 
 hindrance whatever, even although snch authorities should reside within the limits of the 
 Mexican republic, as defined by this Treaty ; and this freedom shall continue so long as a 
 new debarcation of ecclesiastical districts shall not have been made, conformably with the 
 aws of the Roman Catholic Church. 
 
 ARTICLE X. 
 (expukoed.^ 
 
 All grants of land made by the Mexican Government, or by the competent authorities, m 
 Territories previously appertaining to Mexico, and remaining for the future within the limits 
 of the United States, shall be respected as valid, to the same extent that the same grants 
 would be valid if the Territories had remained within the limits of Mexico. But the gran- 
 tees of land in Texas put in possession thereof, who by reason of the circumstances of the 
 country, since the beginning of the troubles between Texas and the Mexican Government, 
 maj have been prevented from fulfilling all the conditions of their grants, shall be under the 
 obligation to fulfil the said conditions within the periods limited in the same respectively, such 
 periods to be now counted from the date of the exchange of ratifications of this Treaty ; in 
 default of which, said grants shall not be obligatory on the State of Texas, in virtue of the sti- 
 pulations contained in this Article. 
 
 The foregoing stipulation in regard to grantees of land in Texas, is extended to all grantees 
 of land in the territories aforesaid, elsewhere than in Texas, put in possession under such 
 grants ; and in default of the fulfillment of the conditions of any such grant, within the new pe- 
 riod which, as is above stipulated, begins with the day of the exchange of ratifications of this 
 treafcf, the same shall be null and void. 
 
THETREXTT. 5? 
 
 The Mexican Governmen t declares that no grant whatever of lands in Texas has been made 
 since the second day of March, one thousand eight hundred and thirtj(-six ; and that no grant 
 whatever of lands in any of the territories aforesaid, has been made since the thirteenth day 
 of May, one thousacd eight hundred and forty-six. 
 
 ARTICLE XI 
 
 Considering that a great part of the territories which, by the present Treaty, are to be com- 
 prehended for the future within the limits of the United States, is now occupied by savage 
 tribes, who will hereafter be under the control of the Government of the United States, and 
 whose incursions within the territory of Mexico would be prejudicial in the extreme, it is so- 
 lemnly agreed that all such incursions shall he forcibly restrained by the Government of the 
 United States, whensoever this may be necessary ; and that when they cannot be prevented, 
 they shall be punished by the said Government, and satisfaction for the same shall be exacted 
 — all in the same way, and with equal diligence and energy as if the same incursions wero 
 committed within its own territory, against its own citizens. 
 
 It shall not be lawful, under any pretext whatever, for any inhabitant of the United State* 
 to purchase or acquire any Mexican, or any foreigner residing in Mexico, who may have 
 been captured by Indians inhabiting the territory of either of the two republics, not to pur 
 chase or acquire horses, mules, cattle, or property of any kind, stolen within the Mexican 
 territory, by such Indians ; nor to provide such Indians with fire-arms or ammunition by salti!, 
 or otherwise. 
 
 And in the event of any person or persons captured within Mexican territory by Indians, be- 
 ing carried into the territory of theUnited Sates, the Government of the latter engages and binds 
 Itself in the most solemn manne-r, so soon as it shall know of such captives being within it* 
 territory, and shall be able so to do, through the faithful exercise of its influence and power to 
 rescue them and return them to their country, or deliver them to the agent or representative 
 of theMexican Government. The Mexican authorities will, as far as practicable, give to the 
 Government of the United States notice of such captures ; and its expenses incurred in the 
 maintenance and transmission of the rescued captives ; who, in the mean time, shall be treat- ; 
 ed with the utmost hospitality by the American authorities at the place where they may be. i 
 But if the Government of the United States, before receiving such notice from Mexico,! 
 should obtain intelligence, through any other channel, of the existence of Mexican captives 
 within its territory, it will proceed forthwith to effect their release and delivery to the Mexican 
 agent, as above stipulated. 
 
 For the purpose of giving to these stipulations the fullest possible efficacy, thereby afford- 
 ing the security and redress den^nded by their true spirit and intent, the Government of the 
 United States will now and hereafter pass, without unnecessary delay, and always vigilantly 
 enforce, such laws as the nature of the subject may require. And finally, the sacrednesaof 
 this obligation shall never be lost sight of by the said Government, when providing for the 
 removal of Indians from any portion of said Territories, or for its being settled by the citi- 
 zens of the United States ; but, on the contrary, special care then shall be taken not to place 
 its Indian occupants under the necessity of seeking newhomes, by committing those invasions, 
 which theUnited States have solemnly obliged themselves to restrain. 
 
 ■M 
 
 ARTICLE XII. 
 
 In considerivtion of the extension acquired by the boundaries of the United States, as de- 
 fined in the fifth article of the present Treaty, the Government of the United States engages 
 to pay to that of the Mexicun Republic the sum of fifteen millions of dollars in the one or 
 the other of the two modes below specified. 
 
 The Mexican Government shall at the time of ratifying this treaty, declare which of these 
 two modes of payment it prefers; and the mode so selected by it shall be conformed to by 
 that of the United States, _ :;.; 
 
 First mode of payment — Immediately after this Treaty shall have been duly ratified by the.i 
 Government of the Mexican Republic, the sum of three millions of dollars shall be paid to the 
 said Government by that of the United States, at the City of Mexico, in the gold or silver 
 coin of Mexico. For the remaining twelve millions of dollars the United States shall create 
 • 8;ock, bearing an interest of six per centum per annum, commencing on the day of the rati- 
 fcation of this Treaty by the Government of the Mexican Republic, and payable annually at 
 the City of Washington; the principal of said stock to be redeemable there, at the pleasure 
 of the Government of the United States, at any time after two years from the exchange of 
 ratifications of this Treaty; six months' public notice of the intention to redeem the same 
 being previously given. Certificates of such stock, in proper form (or such sums as shall be 
 specified by the Mexican Government, shall be delivered and transferable Dy tb". said Govern- 
 ment to the same by that of the United States. 
 
58 T a E T R E A T T . 
 
 Second mode.pf pafjpjiepit:— Imn^ediately after this Treaty shall hare been duly ratified by 
 the Government of the Mexican Republic, the sum of three millions of dollars shall be paid to, 
 th<? said Government by that of the United States, at the City of Mexico, in the gold or sU», 
 ver coin of Mexico, The remaining twelve millions of dollars shall be paid at the same pl^cc^. 
 and in the same coin, in annual instalments of three millions of dollars each, together with in- 
 terest on the same, at the rate of six per centum per annum. This interest shall begin to run 
 upon the whole sum of :welvo millions from the day of the ratification of the present Treaty by 
 the Mexican Government, and the first of the installments shall be paid at the expiration of ono 
 year from the same day. Together with each annual instalment, as it falls due, the whole 
 interest accruing on such installment from the beginning shall also be paid. 
 
 [Certificates in the proper form for the said instalments, respectively, in sums as shall be 
 desired by the Mexican Government, and transferable by it, shall be delivered to the said 
 Government by that of the United States.] 
 
 [N. B. The first of these modes is rejected- The latter is adopted, with the exception ol 
 the last paragraph, in brackets,] 
 
 ARTICLE XIII. 
 
 The United States engage, moreover, to assume and pay to the claimants all the amounts, 
 now due them, and these hereafter to become due, by reason of the claims already liquidated ! 
 and decided against the Mexican Republic, under the Cimventions between the two republica. 
 severally concluded on the eleventh day of April, eighteen hundred and thirty-nine, and oi|: 
 the thirtieth day of January, eighteen hundred and forty-three; so that the Mexican Republic' 
 shall be absolutely exempt, for the futui-e, from all expense whatever on account of the said 
 claims. • 
 
 ARTICLE, XIV. 
 
 The United States do farthermore discharge the Mexican Republic from all claims of citi- 
 zens of the United States, not heretofore decided against the Mexican Government, which 
 may have arisen previously to the date of the signature of this Treaty; which discharge shall 
 be final and perpetual, whether the said claims be rejected or be allowed by the Board ot. 
 Commissioners provided for in the fQllowing article, and whatever shall be the total amou|^, 
 of those allowed. 
 
 ARTICLE. XV- 
 
 The United States, exonerating Mexico from all demands on account of the claims of their 
 citizens mentioned in the preceding article, and considering them entirely and forever canceled, 
 whatever their amount may be, undertake to make satisfaction for the same, to an amount not 
 exceeding three and one-quarter millions of dollars. To ascertain the validity and amount 
 of those claims, a Board of Commissioners shall be established by the Government of the 
 United States, whose awards shall be final and conclusive; provided, that in deciding upon 
 the validity of each claim, the Board shall be guided and governed by the principles and rules 
 of decision prescribed by the first and fifth articles of the unratified Convention, concluded at 
 the City of Mexico on the twentieth day of November, one thousand eight hundred and forty- 
 three; and in no case shall an award be jnade in favor of any claim not embraced by these 
 principles and rules. 
 
 If, in the opinion of the said Board of Commissioners, or of the claimants, any books,, 
 records or documents in the possession or power of the Government of the Mexican Re- 
 public, shall be deemed necessary to the just decision of any claim, the Commissioners, or tha 
 claimants through them, shall, within such period as Congress may designate, make an appli- 
 cation in writing for the same, he assessed to the Mexican Minister for Foreign Aifairs, to be 
 trailsmittcd by the Secretary of State of the United States; and the Mexican- Government 
 engages, at the earliest possible moment after the receipt of such demand, to cause any of the 
 books, records or documents so specified, which shall be in their possession or power (or au- 
 thenticated copies or extracts of the same) to be transmitted to the said Secreta^'y of State, 
 who shall immediately deliver them over to the said Board of Commissioners: provided, that 
 no Buch application shall be made by or at the instance of any claimant, until the facts which 
 it it expected to prove by such books, records or documents shall have been stated un^er oath .' 
 or aflSrraation. 
 
 ARTICLE, XVI. 
 
 Each of the contracting parties reserves to, itself the entire right^to fortify .whatever ppint 
 •itija ila tetritory it may judge proper so to fortify W ^^^^ .- . f^- 
 
THE IPREATT. gQ 
 
 ARTICLE XVII. 
 
 The treaty of amity, commerce, and navigfation, codcladed at the City of Mexico on the 
 ■ th day of April, A. D., 1831, between the United States of America and the United Mexicap 
 States, except the additional article, and except so far as the stipulations of the said Treaty 
 may not be incompatible with any stipulation contained in the present Treaty, is hereby re- 
 vived for the period of eight years from the day of the exchange of ratifications of this Trea- 
 ty, with the same force and virtue as if incorporated therein ; it being understood that each of 
 the contracting parties reserves to itself the right, at any time after the said period of eiglit 
 years shall have expired to terminate the same by giving one year's notice of such inten- 
 tion to the other party 
 
 ARTICLE iCVIII. 
 
 All supplies whatever of troops of the United States in Mexico, arriving at ports in the oc- 
 enpation of such troops previous to the final evacuation thereof, although subsequently to the 
 restoration of the Custom-Houses at such ports, shall be entirely exempt from duties and 
 charges of any kind; the Government of the United States hereby engaging and pledging its 
 faith to establish, and vigilantly to enforce all possible guards for secunng the revinue of Mexi- 
 co, by preventing the importation, under cover of this stipulation, of any articles other than 
 such, both in kind and in quality, as shaK really be wanted for the use and consumption of the 
 forces of the United States during the time they may remain in Mexico. To this end it 
 shall be the duty of all officers and agents of the United States to denounce to the Mexican 
 iinthorities at the respective ports any attempts at a fraudulent abuse of this stipulation 
 which they may know of or may have reason to suspect, and to give to such autho rities all 
 the aid in their power with regard thereto; and every such attempt, when duly proved and 
 established by sentence of a competent tribunal, shall be punished by the confiscation of th* 
 propertv so attempted to be fraudulently introduced. 
 
 ARTICLE XIX. 
 
 With respect to aH merchandise, effects and property whatsoever, imported into ports of 
 Mexico while in the occupation of the forces of the United Stales, whether by citizens of either 
 republic, or by citizens or subjects of any neutral nation, the following rules shall be observed; 
 
 1. All sueh merchandise, effects, and property, if imported previously to the restoration of 
 the custom- houses to the Mexican authorities, a« stipulated for in the third article of this 
 treaty, shall be exempt from confiscaion, althongh the importation of the same be prohibited 
 by the Mexican Tariff. 
 
 2. The same perfect exemption shall be enjoyed by all such merchandise, effects and pro- 
 perty, imported subsequently to the rsstoration of the Custom-Houses, and previously to the 
 sixty days fixed in the following article for the coming into force of the Mexican Tariff, at 
 such ports respectively; the said merchandise, effects, and property, being, however, at the 
 time of their importation, subject to the payment of duties, as provided for in the said follow- 
 ing article. 
 
 3. All merchandise, effects, and property described in the two rules foregoing, shall, during 
 their continuance at the place of importation, or upon their leaving such place for the inte* 
 rior, be exempt from all duty, tax or impost of every kind, under whatsoever title or deno- 
 mination. Nor shall they be there subject to any charge whatsoever upon the sale thereof. 
 
 4. All merchandise, effects, and property, described in the first and second rules, which 
 shall have been removed to any place in the interior while such place was in the occupation of 
 the forces of the United States, shall, during their continuance theiein, be exempt from all 
 tax upon the sale of consumption thereof, and from every kind of impost or contribution, un- 
 der whatsoever title or denomination. 
 
 5. But if any merchandise, effects, or property, described in the first and second rules shall 
 be removed to any place not occupied at the time by the forces of the United States, they shall, 
 npon their introduction into such place, or upon their sale or consumption there, be subject 
 to the same duties which, under the Mexican laws, they would be required to pay in such 
 eases if they had been imported in time of peace, through the maritime custom-houses, and 
 lijid had there paid the duties conformably with the Wiexican Tariff. 
 
 6. The owners of all merchandise, effects or property described in the first and second rules 
 ilnd existing in any port of Mexico, shall have the right to reship the same, exempt from all 
 ftii, impost, or contribution whatever. . 
 
 With respect to the metals, or other property, exported from any Mexican port while in the 
 occupation of tiie forces of the United States, and previously to the restoration of the Custona 
 House at such port, no person shall be required by the Mexican authorities, whether general 
 or State, to pay any tax, duty, or contribution upon any such exportation, or in any manner 
 to account for the same to the said authorities. 
 
THE TREATY 
 
 127 
 
 ARTICLE XX. 
 
 Through consideration for the interests of commerce generally, it is agreed that if less than 
 ,.xty days snould elapse between the date of the signature of this Treaty and the restora 
 tion of the custom-houses, conformably with a stipulation in the third Article Tnlrh 
 case, all merchand.se, effects, and property whatsoever, arriving at the Mexican pons after 
 the restoration of .he said custom-houses, and previously to the expiration of sixty^.kys after 
 thes.gnatureofth,sTreaty shall be admitted to entry; and no other duties ^^^1^16^ 
 ihereun han the duties established by the Tariff found in force at such custom-hou.is at S 
 nme of the restoration of the same. And to all such merchandise, effects and property 5 
 rules established in the preceding Article shall apply property tue 
 
 ARTICLE XXI. 
 
 If, unhappily, any disagreement should hereafter aaise between the Governments of the 
 two Republics, whethar with respect to the interpretation of any stipulation in this treaty or 
 with respect to any other particular concerning the political or commercial relations of the 
 two nations, the said Governments, in the name of those nations, do promise to each other 
 that they will endeavoi, m the most sincere and earnest manner, to settle the difference *^ 
 arising, and to preserve ;he state of peace and friendship in which the two CG-«ntries are now 
 placing theniselves; using, for this end, mutual representations and pacific negotiation! 
 And, if, by these means they should not be enabled to come to an agreement, a resort shall 
 not on this account, be had in reprisals, aggressions, or hostility of any kind by the one Re" 
 public against the other, until the Government of that which deems itself aggrieved shall have 
 maturely considered, in the spirit of peace and good neighborship, whether it would not be 
 better that such difference should be settled by the arbitration of Commissioners appoint^ 
 on each side, or by that of a friendly nation. And should such coursa be proposed by either 
 party, it shall be acceded to by the other, unless deemed by it altogether incompatible w^h 
 the nature of the difference, or the circumstances of the case. *- v «.« 
 
 ARTICLE XXII. 
 
 If, (which is not to be expected, and which God forbid !) war shall unhappily break out 
 between the two Republics, they do now, with a view to such calamity, pledge themselves to 
 each other and to the world, to observe the following rules, absolutely, where the nature of the 
 8ubJec^ permits, and as closely as possible in all cases where such absolute observance shall 
 be impossible. 
 
 1. The merchants of either Republic then residing in the other shall be allowed to remain 
 twelve months (for those dwelling in the interior,) and six months (for those dwellina 
 at the seaports,) to collect their debts and settle their affairs ; during which periods the| 
 •hall enjoy the same protection, and be on the same footing, in all respects, as the citizens or 
 subjects of the most friendly nations ; and, at the expiration thereof, or at any time before, 
 they sha.I have full liberty to depart, carrying off all their effects without molestation ot 
 hmdrance ; conforming therein to the same laws which the citizens- or subjects of the most 
 friendly nations are required to conform to. Upon the entrance of the armies of either na- 
 tion into the territories of the other, women and children, ecclesiastics, scholars of every facul- 
 ty, cultivators of the earth, merchants, artisans, manufacturers, and fishermen, unarmed and 
 inbabiting unfortified towns, villages or places, and in general all persons whose occupations 
 are for the common subsistence and benefit of mankind, shall be allowed to continue their 
 respective employments unmolested in their persons. Nor shall their houses or goods be 
 burnt or otherwise destroyed, nor their cattle Laken, nor their fields wasted, by the armed force 
 into whose power, by the events of war, they may happen to fall ; but if the necessity 
 arise to take anything from them for the use of such armed force, the same shall be paid fol 
 at an equitable price. All churches, hospitals, schools, colleges, libraries, and other establish- 
 ments, for charitable and beneficent purposes, shall be respected, and all persons connected 
 witfi the same protected in the discharge of their duties, and the pursuits oftheir vocations. 
 
 2. In order that the fate of prisoners of M'ar may be alleviated, all such practices as those 
 of sending them, into distant, incliment, or unwholesome districts, or crowding them into close 
 Md noxious places, shall be studiously avoided. They shall not be confined in dungeons,prison- 
 rtiips or prisons ; nor be put in irons, or bound, or otherwise restrained in the use of their 
 hmbs. The officers shall enjoy liberty on their paroles, within convenient districts, and have 
 comfortable quarters ; and the common soldiers shall be disposed in cantonments, open and 
 extensive enough for air and exercise, and lodged in barracks .is roomy and good as are pro- 
 vided by the party in whose power they are for its own troops. But if any officer shall break 
 hw parole by leaving the district so assigned him, or any other prisoner shall escape from tho 
 limits of his cantonment, after they shall have been designated to him, such individual officer 
 
THETREATT. 61 
 
 or other prisoner shall forfeit so much of the benefit of this article as provides for his libertj 
 on parole or in cantonment. And if an officer so breaking his parole, or any common soldier 
 80 escaping from the limits assigned him, shall afterward be found in arms, previously to his 
 being regularly exchanged, the person so offending shall oe dealt with according to the estab- 
 lished laws of war. The officers shalt be daily furnished by the party in whose power they 
 are, with as many rations, and of the same articles, as are allowed, ether in kind or by comu- 
 tation to officers of equal rank in its own army ; and all others shall be daily furnished with 
 such ration as is allowed to a common soldier in its own service ; the value of all which sup- 
 plies shall, at the close of the war, or at periods to be agreed upon between the respective com- 
 manders, be paid by the other party, on a mutual adjustment of accounts for the subsistence 
 of prisoners ; and snch accounts shall not be mingled with or set off against any others, nor 
 the balance due on them withheld, as a compensation or reprisal for any cause whatever, 
 real or pretended. Each party shall be allowel to keep a commissary of prisoners, appointed 
 by itself, with every cantonment of prisoners, in posses'^ion of the other ; which commissary 
 shall seethe prisoners as often as he pleases ; shall be allowed to receive, exempt from all du- 
 ties or taxes, and to distribute, whatever comforts mtiy be sent to them by their friends ; 
 and shall be free to transmit his reports in open letters to the party by whom he is employed. 
 And it is declared that nether the pretence that war dissolves all Treaties, nor any other 
 whatever shall be considered as annuling or suspending the solemn covenant contained in 
 this article. On the contrary, the state of war is precisely that for which it is provided ; and 
 during which, its stipulations are to be as sacredly observed as the most acknowledged obli- 
 gations under the law of nature or Natiiona. 
 
 ARTICLE XXII I. 
 
 ii. 
 
 This treaty shall be ratified by the President of the United States of Americarby and wi«h 
 the advice and consent of the Senate thereof ; and by the President of the Mexican Republic 
 with the previous approbation of its General Congress ; and the ratifications shall be exchan|f- 
 ed in the city of Washington, in four months from the date of the signature hereof, or sooner 
 if practable. 
 
 In faith whereof, we, the respective Plenipotentiaries, have signed this Treaty of Peace, 
 friendship, limits, and settlement ; and have hereunto affixed our seals respectively. Done 
 in Qaintuplicate, at the City of Guadalupe Hidalgo, on the second day of February, in the 
 year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty-eight. 
 
 N. P. TRIST, [l. S.J 
 
 LUIS G. CUEVAS, [l. s.] 
 BERNARDO CONTO, [l. s.1 
 MIG. ATRISTAIN, [l. s.] 
 
 Additional and Secuet Article of the Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Limits, and 
 Settlement between the United States of America and the Mexican Republic, 
 signed this day by their respective Plenipotentiaries. (Expunged.) 
 In view of the possibility that the exchange of the ratifications of this Treaty may, by the 
 circumstances in which the Mexican Republic is placed, be delayed longer than the term of 
 four months fixed by its twenty-third article for the exchange of ratifications of the same, it 
 is hereby agreed that such delay shall not, in any manner, affect the force and validity of this 
 Treaty, unless it should exceed the term of eight months, counted from the date of the signa- 
 ture thereof. 
 
 This article is to have the same force and virtue as if inserted in the treaty to which this 
 Man addition. 
 
 In faith whereof, we, the respective Plenipotentiaries, have signed this additional and secret 
 article, and have hereunto affixed our seals, respectively. Done in quintuplicate at the City 
 of Guadalupe Hidalgo, on the second day of February, in the year of our Lord one thousand 
 tiffht hundred and forty-eight 
 
 N. P. TRIST, 
 LUIS G. CUEVAS, 
 BERNARDO CONTO, [l. 8. 
 MIG. ATRISTAIN, [l. b." 
 
 [l. 8._ 
 [l. 8." 
 
WETCHES OP SOME OF THE OFFICERS ENGAGED m THE LATE CONTEST. 
 
 43 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 SKETCHES OF SOME OF THE OFFICERS ENGAGED ]^N THE LATE CONTEST 
 
 lmCGOLI>-BBOWN-BEUCNAP-TWIGGS-PAYNE-PAGE-HAWKINS-MAy-WALK. 
 ER—CHADB0t7RNE— COCHRANE— INGE— STEVENS. 
 
 Major Ringgold. 
 
 Washin'crton"rTM7''M-' '^^T ''" °^ 1^^ ^^'' ^^"^^^^ Samuel Ringgold, of 
 .f Ph; n! 1 \ ' <■ ■"" -T^.^' ^'^' ^ daughter of General John Cadtvdkder 
 
 West Point Jh much honor-being on7of Ihe'fit \vhS Lrs^^^etltde" 
 as the most d.stmguished of a class. He was at once elevatelby- Genetl 
 Scott as one of his aids, and served in that capacity for several years and ev.r 
 enjoyed in a very eminent degree, the confidence and friendship^of hat dist n 
 guished soldier. Pending the disturbances in South Carolina, tL deceased w^." 
 there on duty, and he has frequently expressed his heartfelt gadficatlon at he 
 peaceful termination of the unhappy difficulties between a porfi^rof tWa Ian! 
 people of that State and the General Government Wh^n th7 T. r ^ 
 curred in Florida the deceased, then a CapTaTrf^Artmer;, ts 1 eJe" r^tv- 
 actively employed in various services, until the wasting effects of the dimlf; 
 had so impaired his health that he was prostrated by disease. For " meritorTous 
 ^services" in that campaign, he was rewarded by the rank of Brevet MaTor Hp 
 was afterwards selected by the Major General Commanding in Chief LC;anS 
 a corps of flying artillery, and he paid every possible attention to he inSon 
 and discipline of this arm of the service. How faithfully ne executed hCdl" 
 m this respect, the performances of his admirable corps^at Lrt M Hen ttiJ 
 other places-and on the>^^ of Palo Alto-my attesf ^^^^^enry and 
 
 He never recovered from the effects of his exposures durino- the Florida cam 
 paign ; and when ordered from Fort McHenry to join the army in Texts the" 
 experienced surgeon at this post strongly insisted ipon his physica inabiliW in 
 go through with the campaign. But he strengthened himseK du y ani as 
 
 P'rr HeTll '"'.h' r "r'i' ^^l ^" ^^^'^^' ""'^^ ^- --^'-' --"he left the 
 J-ort. He fell m the fierce battle of the Sth of May : the same bill h\\\\Z I;! 
 W under him and wounding him mortnlly. " ^'^''"" ^'' 
 
 The deceased was an accomplished gentleman, beloved by his friends nnrl 
 patly respected by all who knew him. ^He was devoted to Js proSn' and 
 he justly appreciated the high responsibilities of an officer in command He 
 rigidly applied discipline at all times and in all things; and yet. p^ably no 
 ofalfhi nffi ''' '"T^' the respect, the confidence and 'the affec ornate r-a^d 
 of dl his officers and men, than the gallant soldier o/ whom this brief sketc1i\. 
 
 The deceased in a letter to his immediate friends, written just as the arrav 
 
 was about to march from Qamp Isabel, (but which letter was received only smce 
 
 nnt: '"l^"'^^"^^ «f hi^ ?"■) ^Po^-e of the extreme probability o a serious ^^! 
 
 contre with the enemy, and expressed sure confidence in .i/o triumph of our 
 
 gallant little army But with characteristic coolness, he also advened to the 
 
 ^Zt^'t t'V^i-'r'' ^"" •" ^^"'^' ^"^ ''^ anticipation of that event he 
 made a brief wiUvvhich was enclosed in that letter. His patriotic words to the 
 fnendly officer who came to his assistance ought not to be Wotten^" Don't 
 stay with me, you have work to do— go ahead!" -"iSuuen uon t 
 
f 44 SKETCHES OF SOME OF THE OFFICERS ENGAGED IN THE LATE CONTEST. 
 
 Major Ringgold has left a brother in the Navy, Lieut. Cadwallader Ringgola 
 who was in the exploring expedition. 
 
 One of his cousins, Capt. McCall, is in the army under Gen. Taylor, and lee 
 the advance in one of the late actions. 
 
 Major Brovm. 
 
 Major J. Brown, of the 7th Regiment of Infantry, was killed in the attack 
 made by the Mexicans on his encampment, opposite Matamoras. At the be- 
 ginning of the war in 1S12, he enlisted in the army as a common soldier. He 
 was an orderly sergeant at the battle of Chrisller's field, on the bank of the St, 
 Lawrence, during the last war with Great Britain, and for his gallant conduct in 
 that action he received a commission. On account of his merit, he was promo- 
 ted from the ranks to the office of ensign, and served with great bravery and good 
 conauct during the whole of the war. He was in nearly all the hard fought 
 battles on the Niagara in the years 1S13 and '14. Before the close of the war, 
 he was promoted to the office of 1st Lieutenant, and afterwards rose by regular 
 gradations to the rank of Major, in which capacity he has served for many years. 
 He has been 34 years in the army, and has been much in active service "in vari- 
 ous parts of the frontier. He at an early day acted as commissary of subsistence 
 at Council Bluffs, and was afterwards stationed at St. Louis as Quarter-Maste) 
 Commissary. He was at one time engaged in conducting the tribes of eniicrra 
 ting Indians to the west, and was in active service during nearly the whole pe- 
 riod of the Florida war. A number of years ago, he was stationed at Little 
 Rock, and, although still in the army was elected first President of the Bank of 
 Arkansas, which post he held for a year and resigned. He at various times dis- 
 bursed very large sums of public money, and was remarkable for accuracy, fidel 
 ity, system and punctuality. 
 
 He has left a wife and two daughters. The former has been an inmate of 
 the McLean Asylum for ten or twelve years, and is not now conscious of the 
 death of her husband. His daughters were educated at Roxbury, and until about 
 three years ago resided there in a family^ between whom and the Major there 
 have long existed the kindest feelings. But having been appointed to the com- 
 mand of the garrison at Pensacola, he took his daughters with him — they having 
 completed their education. The youngest has since been married to a surgeon 
 in the United States Army, who was attached to his regiment at the time he re- 
 ceived his mortal wound. Major Brown was a noble specimen of a man. He 
 was modest and unassuming in his deportment, and possessed a heart overflow- 
 ing with the milk of human kindness. As an officer he was distinguished for 
 his courage, military skill, coolness and decision in the hour of battle. General 
 Taylor, in his official despatches, pronounces his loss " irreparable." 
 
 Major Brown was 58 years of age at the time of his death. He was a native 
 of Clarksburg, in Berkshire Co., Mass. His father resided there for many years, 
 and was aided and often visited by his son. 
 
 He received his fatal wound while superintending the labors of the soldiers 
 in constructing the " bomb-proofs" of the fortification, opposite Matamoras. His 
 leg was shattered by the fragment of a shell, and while he was conveyed to th« 
 operating station, he exhorted the soldiers whom he passed to do their duty faith* 
 fully, and never give up the fort ! Such was Major Jacob Brown. 
 
 Col. Belknap. 
 
 Lieut. Col. Belknap, of the 1st Brigade, is a native of Newburgh, New York. 
 
 A writer in a Newburgh paper thus speaks of him : 
 
 " There are many among us yet who could bear witness to early occasions ir 
 
SKETCHES OF SOME OF THE OFFICERS ENGAGED IN THE LATE CONTEST. 45 
 
 which he manifested those tokens of hardihood and fearlessness which have 
 marked his subsequent career whenever an opportunity has occurred for exerci- 
 sing them. 
 
 " He was distinguished as amongst the bravest of the brave in the sanguinary 
 cafnpaign upon the Niagara, when contending against the veteran troops of the 
 Wellington school; and was there wounded under circumstances that evinced 
 not only an utter disregard of personal danger, but a heart alive to the noblest 
 sympathies of our nature. 
 
 " He has been a long time in the service. He has been subjected to the most 
 trying domestic privations — for years in succession an exile from his wife and 
 children. He has served the country in all its regions and climates — has endu- 
 red every hardship, and been exposed to every species of danger which the 
 army has been required to encounter." 
 
 In the attack upon Fort Erie during the last war with Great Britain, Col. 
 Belknap, then a Lieut., acted a distinguished part. His commanding officer, 
 Gen. Ripley, in his official despatch, thus notices his services: 
 
 " The manner in which Lieut. Belknap, of the 23d, retired with his picquet 
 guard from before the enemy's column excites my particular commendation. 
 He gave orders to fire three times as he was retreating to camp, himself bring- 
 ing up the rear. In this gallant manner he kept the light advance of the enemy 
 in check for a distance of two or three hundred yards. I have to regret that 
 when entering our lines after his troops, the enemy pushed so close upon him 
 that he received a severe wound from a bayonet." 
 
 Col. Twiggs. 
 
 Col. Twiggs commanded the right wing of the army of occupation during 
 the battle of Palo Alto. While the battalions were forming in line this gallant 
 officer rode down among them, his countenance serene and cheerful inspiriting 
 the troops. During the action he was in his proper position as commander of 
 the right wing and ready to move at any moment where his presence might be 
 required. 
 
 On the morning of the 9th he rode over the field of action of the 8th and 
 assisted in inspiring the men with the confidence that they could not be beaten. 
 His coolness and decision in the battle of the 9th materially assisted to win it? 
 glorious result. 
 
 Col. Twiggs is a native of Georgia, and entered the army in 1818. 
 
 Col. Payne. 
 
 Colonel Payne was the Inspector General of the army of occupation. On 
 the Slh of May he took a very conspicuous position, and rode down the line 
 several times before the commencement of the battle. During that trying 
 struggle he rendered very material assistance at the battery of the two eighteen 
 pounders. On the morning of the 9th he gave the general orders to the differ- 
 ent regiments, ae they came up, with coolness and precision. He was most 
 conspicuous during the heaviest fire, and by his gallantry and enthusiasm con- 
 tributed greatly to the glorious result of the battle of Resaca de la Palma. Ho 
 was severely wounded m the hip about the middle of the action, and although 
 he suffered great pain, refused to leave the saddle until the victory was won. 
 
 Col. Payne has recently returned to the North, and has had the honor of pre- 
 senting to the Executive of the nation the trophies of victory recently wen by 
 our armies. 
 
 Col. Payne is a native of Goochland County^ Virginia, and the citizens of that 
 part of the country have preseiUed hirr. with a complimentary sword. 
 
46 SKETCHES OF SOME OF THE OFFICERS ENGAGED IN THE LATE CONTEST. 
 
 Captain Page. 
 
 Captain John Page was born at Fryeburg, in the Stale of Maine. He was 
 appointed to the army from Massachusetts on the 13ih of February, 1S18, as i 
 pecond Lieutenant in the 8th ''nfanlry. Upon the reduction of the army in 
 1821, he was among those retained in service, and was then transferred to the 
 4th Infantry, in which he served until his death from wounds received at Palo 
 Alto. At the time he was wounded he was in the actual performance of duty 
 commanding a division of the 4th Infantry. Cool, collected and brave, he ou 
 that memorable day performed every duty assigned to him. The regimeni 
 being very much exposed to a heavy fire from the Mexican batteries. Gen. 
 Taylor ordered it to move ofTand lake up another position, as it could render no 
 service against the enemy, the action being principally confined to the artillery 
 on both sides. Capt. Page at the moment he was wounded had faced towards 
 his division, and was in the act of giving the word of command. 
 
 Strong hopes were entertained of his recovery for many weeks, but he finally 
 expired on the 7th July, while on his passage to Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis. 
 His wife and family were with him in his last hours. 
 
 Captain Page was married to Miss Blaney of Newcastle, Delaware, and had 
 bv her throe children. 
 
 Captain Haivkins. 
 
 Captain E. S. Hawkins is a native of the State of New York, and is the 
 eldest son of the late Colonel Samuel Hawkins, formerly of the city of New 
 York, who raised a volunteer regiment, and had command at the Narrows, at 
 the close of the last war. He was subsequently agent of the government under 
 the Ghent Treaty, in settling the Canada boundary. 
 
 The family of Colonel Hawkins is a brave one ; Charles, his second son, was 
 Commodore of the Texan navy, and died at New Orleans. Captain H., the 
 defender of Fort Brown, graduated at West Point, and has been in the service 
 since 1820. His reply to the pompous demand of Arista to surrender, that 
 " respectfully declined," was peculiarly characteristic. 
 
 Captain May. 
 
 A Baltimore correspondent of the Boston Atlas, in describing some incidents 
 connected with the officers of General Taylor's army, and the great battles on 
 the Rio Grande, thus spoke of the personal appearance and intrepid character 
 of Captain May, the bold Dragoon : 
 
 " You have seen the personal description of Capt. May, given in a New Or- 
 leans paper. It scarcely comes up to the man. He is over six feet high, wears 
 his hair long, so that it nearly reaches his hips ; his beard falls below his sword 
 belt, and his moustache is unshorn. He is a splendid rider. It was this that 
 first attracted the attention of General Jackson, who seeing him galloping along 
 the streets in Washington, standing in his stirrups, and presenting the personi- 
 fication of a knight of the ancient days of chivalry, sent for him, and gave him a 
 commission of cornet. He was in the Florida war, and many are the deeds of 
 daring done there told of him. He rose rapidly to distinction, and he owes to 
 liis service in that war his present commission of Captain. It will interest some 
 of your fair readers to hear that he was crossed in love some years ago. Since 
 that time he has never allowed his hair or beard to be touched by the barber. 
 Such is the story told of him. 
 
 " I have seen a letter from the camp at Matamoras, with a sketch of ^Captain 
 
SKETCHES OF SOME OF THE OFFICERS ENGAGED IN THE LATE CONTEST. 47 
 
 May making his charge.^ It is a most spirited and life-like thing. The Mexi- 
 can batteries are at work, carrying destruction into the ranks of the Americans ; 
 the second platoon of the cavalry has been swept down ; their horses and riders 
 are lying together 'heaped and pent.' May is in advance of them all, on his 
 noble black steed, standing up in the stirrups, nis head bent forward, his long 
 hair streaming out behind, like the tail of a comet, and his whole appearance, 
 viewed from the head, looking like one of those celestial visitants. It is a most 
 striking and animated sketch, and g^'ves to those who see it a vivid idea of that 
 most gallant and brilliant achievement. Some of our engravers must get out a 
 picture for it' for the demand to see it can oniy thus be gratified. No wonder, 
 from tne outre appearance of Capt. May, his face all covered with beard, his hair 
 streaming behind him, like a Cumanche Indian, and his eyes glowing like a 
 comet — no wonder that Gen. Vega asked, when the Captain demanded his 
 swordj ' Are you an officer V — He very probably mistook him for a spirit from 
 the other world, who had conspired with the Americans to give them the vic- 
 tory they had just won against such odds." 
 
 Captain May is a native of Washington, D. C and is one of six brothers, all 
 of whom it is said are over six feet two inches in height. 
 
 Captain Samuel H. Walker. 
 
 This officer is one of those rare spirits which a state of war will bring out 
 from our citizen soldiers. His late unequal conflict with the Mexicans, in which 
 he lost nearly every man under his command, and his daring heroism in catting 
 his way to General Taylor's camp, have excited in the public mind a strong de- 
 sire to know more of him. He is the same gentleman so frequently and honor- 
 ably spoken of in General Green's journal of the Mier expedition. He is a na- 
 tive of Washington City, from whence he went into the Florida war, wh**re in 
 several campaigns he distinguished himself by his intrepid bravery. In 1842 
 he went to Texas, and during the invasion of that republic by General Woo!, he 
 was marked for his bold and daring conduct. After the Mexican General Mad 
 retreated from San Antonio, and when he lay upon the Rio Hondo, Walker and 
 Captain McCuUough crawled through his camp one niofht, and spied out his po- 
 sition, and the next day, with his gallant companion, Hays, led the attack upon 
 his rear guard. He then joined the celebrated expedition against Mier ; and on 
 the morning of that sanguinary battle, he, with three others — being the advance 
 scout of the Texans — was taken prisoner, and carried, Avith his hands tied be- 
 hind, to the head quarters of General Ampudia. The Mexican General ques- 
 tioned him as to the Texan forces, and when Walker informed him that the 
 Texans had only 300 men, Ampudia pompously replied, " Does that audacious 
 handful of men presume to follow me into this strong place and adack me ?" 
 " Yes," says Walker, " make yourself content on that subject. General, they will 
 follow you into Hades and attack you there." He was, with his comrades, then 
 marched to the city of Mexico. 
 
 At Salado, with the lamented Captain Cameron, and Dr. Brenen, he led the 
 attack upon the guard, overpowered them, and marched for Texas, when, after 
 eating up all their horses and mules, surrendered to the Mexican Generals Mer- 
 cier and Ortago. He was again marched to Salado, where, wiih his comrades, 
 he was made to draw in the celebrated black bean lottery, and every tenth mtn 
 was shot. Those that remained of the Texans were marched to the Castle of 
 Perote and the city of Mexico. Here, while working on the streets in that city, 
 he was struck by a Mexican corporal for not working faster, when, with his 
 spade, he knocked down the corporal, which caused the guards to beat him 
 nearly to death. His life was a long lime despaired of, and upon hia recovery 
 lie, with two companions, scaled the walls of his prison after nightfall, and made 
 
48 SKETCHES OF SOME OF THE OFFICERS ENGAGED IN THE LATE CONTEST. 
 
 his way to Texas, over a distance of more than a thousand miles. Before, how- 
 ever, they got out of the country, they were twice more imprisoned, and each 
 tmie effected their escape. When he reached Texas again, he joined Captain 
 Hays, who, with fifteen others, armed with Colt's revolving pistols, fought 
 against ninety-six Cumanches, and defeated them, leaving thirty-six kiUed upon 
 the ground. Here Walker was run through the body with a Cumanche spear, 
 and his life again despaired of. 
 
 To such men Texas is indebted for her emancipation from Mexico. Few, ai 
 they are, they have won her liberty, and have miraculously maintained it for 
 ten years against the boasted power of Mexico. 
 
 Lieutenant Ckadboume. 
 
 Lieutenant Theodore L. Chadbonrne, of the 8th infantry, fell in the battle 
 of Resaca de la Palma, on the 9 h of May. He was the eldest, child and 
 only son of Ichabod R. Chadbour le, Esq., a lawyer of respectability, of East- 
 port, Me. His mother is a daughter of the Hon. Theodore Lincoln, of the 
 adjoining town of Dennysville, who is the only surviving son of Gen. Benjamin 
 Lincoln of the Revolutionary army. 
 
 Lieutenant Chadbourne was born in Eastport, in the year 1822. He gradua- 
 ted at West Point ... in 1844, and shortly after became attached to the army 
 
 In Lieutenant Chadbourne were combined a fine personal appearance, the 
 address of a perfect gentleman ; singular amenity of manners, and the utmost 
 probity of character. Nor was he lacking in the more commanding qualities. 
 He possessed an intellect at once acute and well balanced, and a force of will 
 and firmness of character eminently fitted for the duties of his hazardous pro- 
 fession. In the words of Halleck, as quoted to us by one of his classmates, 
 " none knew him but to love him, or named him but to praise." In his death, 
 his country lost one of the most promising of her sons, and the American army 
 an officer whose talents and character could not have failed to add lustre to its 
 glorious escutcheon. His fate will call forth a sigh of regret from thousands 
 who had never known him; and in his death his relatives and friends will have 
 a source of affliction that can never be dried. 
 
 The following account of his death is taken from a late number of the East- 
 port Sentinel, and is extracted from a letter to the father of Lieut. Chadbourne, 
 from one of his superior officers. 
 
 " The melancholy duty devolves upon me to announce the death of your son, 
 Lieut. Theo. L. Chadbourne, Sth Regiment U. S. Infantry. He was killed in 
 the battle of the 9th of May, while gallantly leading his men to a charge upon 
 the enemy, which drove them from their strong-hold, and put them to rout in 
 awful confusion. Several other officers of his regiment were wounded. He 
 was killed by a shot through the body, and fell into the arms of sergeant Bailey 
 of*the Sth Regiment. He exclaimed, — " Oh ! Sergeant, I'm going ; take my 
 sword and watch" — he uttered no more. His body was brought into camp at 
 this station, (camp near Matamoras) and interred with appropriate military bon- 
 ers. The officers of the Regiment condole with you in this distressing afflic- 
 tion ; for they have lost a comrade whom they loved. The sword-belt has a 
 hole where the bullet penetrated and passed through the body." 
 
 The following remarks from the Boston Courier we doubt not will be read 
 with interest in this connection. 
 
 " Among the killed in the late encounter of General Taylor with the Mexicans, 
 we see the name of Lieut. Theodore Lincoln Chadbourne. He was a native 
 of Eastport, Maine, and a great grandson of the celebraied General Lincoln, oi 
 the revolutionary army. He has fallen in the twenty-third year of his age, in 
 
ihe flush of youthful vigor, beauty and honp Tl.« ^ -a r . • , 
 and admiring sisters, youn^ Chadbourne w;, V'^ ^1^^ f h,^ dotting parents 
 relatives and friends iLh.s^kyanrS^ate^^^T^^^^^^ ^^ f-^'^'Se crcle of 
 
 presence, which converted even a trans en t In T' "^^"^^^'^'"^ i" ^"s very 
 form and stature were the perfecttoiof Znl'^ ''"'" '"? ^ ^^'^"^- "^^ 
 fine, ingenuous countenance snokeL and grace ; and his 
 
 the internal man corresponded ?o his nrenS "' "^ "^'"^ ""^ ^^^^^t- And 
 
 in all the relations of ir-a good so^nd ."il^^.h''^''''^- ?^ '"''' ^^^"^'^^^^ 
 upright, clear-headed, vvarmYeaneranrl^in ,V wT'^ 'Z'",''^^^ ^°'d'^'^- 
 new,s of his prematu e death carry to thi^nM ^^^i^^^l^tion will the 
 which he was allied by the tenderest of hum " , . ""f f ^^^^^^^^e circle, to 
 of Lady Randolph, over the dead bod^"^^) I" the pathetic language 
 
 mother exclaim r-l ^"^^ ""^ Douglas, will not the bereaved 
 
 " My beautiful, my brave !" 
 
 sconced, during General faylo'^'s ™arch rml^oTn, tabel wT "=" ^"■ 
 however, no parlicu ars of his death W» „„i,fr u i , "^ ''''"= '••'' y«'. 
 
 discharge of Ls duty as a soldier and i.t 1 '^ ' "l"' ''? ''"^ ''""''" ™ *e 
 which beat in his yoLg veins" "^e^at 11 hToMor l^Uo^y.^ '"'" ""°^' 
 
 Lieutenant Cochrane. 
 
 Sry.^" Sit Tonl: i'^th'lt tS' '' -^-^^^^^^^^ 
 
 sion. bn the 9th, the 4th infant 7 afit'^' '"'' ^"'^'^'^ ^>^ ^°«'"^^^ ^"d deci- 
 
 la Palma, was ord;red to deploy oLach sidrnf"^^,'' ^' '^^r^^ ''^ ^^^^^ ^e 
 
 my out of the chaparral ; the rLt wW blV hi T^' f ^ ^" ^"^^ ^^^ ^"e- 
 
 to the left. The company whrLlutfnantfri''''^ '' '^' ^'1^^' ^"^ '^' ^'^' 
 
 part of the left win^. He rianth^^^pH ^^ ^<^^^^^"/.<^on^nianded composed a 
 
 the thickest of the^fight The £cL hT °"' '"^ ^"Z ^"^ rninutes was in 
 
 charge, he fell coverfd ^^illo'^^^r^^^^^ 
 
 wounds, each of which would have killed a man ''^"^'^- ^^ ^^^^^^^d nme 
 
 of the battle, and on the ens^uinglyTas i^erred .rirmTr'^ T '^' '^^"'"^ 
 very spot on which he fell. It was trn^t n c U - ^'^^7 ^^"°''^' «" the 
 
 Captain Morrison, who was aLched to th. ^ -' ' ^''^-e- At the request of 
 rane, a rude cross was ereced over his .^^^^^^^ """''^ Lieutenant Coch- 
 
 infantry, had a rude palinc. buirun ninn/'u H '"r^"""' ^^^''^ «^ '^^ 4th 
 and one child, now aLng ht^llctLr in Ark^Tsas""^ '" "^^^^^^'"^ ^''^^ 
 
GENERAL TAYLOR IS ELECTED PRESIDENT OF 
 THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 At the close of the Mexican war, General Taylor retired to his plantation at 
 l>aton Rouge, Louisiana. He had gained the warmest esteem of his country- 
 men, by his long and valuable career of public service, and his name soon be- 
 came associated with the highest gift of the people — the Presidency of the United 
 States. Soon his claims to the highest civil distinction were warmly urged in 
 every section of the country, and the press was prompt in bringing the history 
 of his achievements before the people of the United States. The popular will 
 selected him as a candidate for the Presidency. By the summer of 1848, the 
 people of the country — particularly that great conservative majority who staad 
 aloof from party politics — had impressed their fiat upon the active politicians of 
 the land, and subsequently Greneral Taylor became the popular candidate of the 
 Whig Convention for President. 
 
 He was, as all well know, triumphantly elected, and on the fourth of March, 
 1849; was inducted into the honors of the Chief 3Iagistracy. This civil position 
 is necessarily trying to a military man, whose sense of honor is always more 
 keen and straightforward than that of the professional politician. The history 
 of his Presidential course was admirably calculated to give satisfaction to his 
 countrymen. It was high-toned, eminently patriotic, and of deep value in its 
 main principle. Unfortunately, however, the men chosen to assist his counsels 
 and policy, after a few months of probation, displayed such a want of patriotism 
 and practical sagacity — became so involved in the mists of their own concep- 
 tions, and in the very remarkable plans of their own originating, that they 
 placed President Taylor in a very dangerous position. We have reason to be- 
 lieve that he would have triumphed by their dismissal, at the earliest practicable 
 moment, and, indeed, just as soon as he could have found materials for a new 
 cabinet. The snarl, however, in which the Clayton cabinet had mingled every 
 thread of public affairs, is not an inviting one — and the sad event, which all de- 
 plore, alone can cut that Gordian knot of political entanglement that has seem- 
 ed to defy the general will of the people, and even tlie results of events which 
 have been contumaciously resisted. 
 
 President Taylor's character as the chief magistrate has been rather negative 
 than positive. The whole country have acknowledged him to be, in the loftiest 
 sense, patriotic, honest, sincere, virtuous and free from personal ambition. This 
 is a lofty eulogy upon one, whose military glory no words can dignify or exalt, 
 and to whom the whole civilized world has paid the homage of admiration. He 
 has gone down to the silent chambers of death with an enviable ftxme, while his 
 memory will live in the hearts of his countrymen, who now universally deplore 
 his sudden loss, at one of the most critical periods of the confederacy, as a na- 
 tional calamity. 
 
DEATH OF PRESIDENT ZACKARY TAYLOR. 
 
 DEATH OF PRESIDENT ZACHARY TAYLOR. 
 
 President Taylor has not enjoyed very firm health since his inauguration 
 He has never been used to such confinement, and has been beset by such 
 hordes of ofiice-seekers that he has been completely overcome by fatigue iA con- 
 scquencs. The responsibilities of his station are great to an honest man. Gen. 
 Taylor took a straight forward course, determined to perform at all hazards 
 what he considered as duty in respect to his country. The seeds of disease, it 
 is thought, were sown in his constitution while he was in Mexico. Last summer 
 he was attacked by diarrhoea, and came near to death ; but finally recovered. — 
 A short time before his death he was seized again by the same disease, which 
 baflled all medical skill. He gradually grew worse, until July 9. at 10 o'clock, 
 P. M., when his spirit took its flight from this world of anxiety, responsibility and 
 sin. His bed was surrounded by the Vice President, Cabinet, Mayor, Marshall 
 of the District, the attending physicians, and his afflicted family. His last 
 words were : — '• / am jn'cpared. I have endeavored to do my duty}'' We have 
 not learned the state of his mind in respect to religion, whether he was prepared 
 for a better world by a radical change of heart or not. What a solemn change 
 in passing from time into eternity ! We sympathize with the bereaved family 
 of the deceased. 
 
 FUNERAL OBSEQUIES, 
 
 After the death of the venerable President of the United States, resolutions 
 of condolence were passed by Congress, and arrangements made on a magnifi- 
 cent scale for the funeral ceremonies, to take place on Saturday, July 13. The 
 inauguration of Millard Fillmore as President of the United States occurred 
 July 10th, at 12 o'clock, before both Houses of Congress. On Saturday, ac- 
 cording to previous appointment, the funeral took place. The ceremonies were 
 very imposing. The afflicted family and relatives of the deceased. President 
 Fillmore, the heads of departments, the Senate and House of Representatives, 
 Foreign Ministers, and multitudes of others, formed one of the largest and mo.st 
 solemn processions ever witnessed in that city. Arrangements on a large scale 
 were also made to celebrate the day in New York, Boston, Philadelphia, and 
 other cities. Truly the Nation mourns !l! 
 
BATTLES OF MEXICO. 
 
 NAMES OF THE KILLED, WOUNDED, AND MISSING, 
 
 nn the part of the Avierican Army, in the storming of Mmterey, onUu!2lti, 
 and s^ibsequent engagements m the 22rf and lU of September, 1846. 
 
 GEN. TWIGGS' DIVISION 
 
 l,t Col Win H WatsoB 
 
 Capt L N Morris 
 
 Capt G V Field 
 
 Bvt Major P N Barbour 
 
 l8t Lt ami A.(ii (J Hoskins 
 
 Igt Lieut J C Terrett 
 
 1st Ltand Adj D S Irwin 
 
 Sa Lt K'Haslett 
 
 Bvt Isi Lieut J S Woods 
 
 Bvt 2d Lieut R Itilworth 
 
 Ist Seri,'t George Waitman 
 
 John Kai,'ltf 
 
 Lovel Gre ;ory 
 
 Henry Snower 
 
 Sergt T J liabb 
 
 W I'atr clc 
 
 i Newman 
 
 C Torslvay 
 
 J Young 
 
 Maj AV W Lear 
 Capt H ilainbridg'^ 
 Bvt Maj J .1 Abercrombie 
 Bvt Maj I F H Mansfielil 
 Capt W G Williams 
 Capt J il Lemott 
 1st Lieut R H Graham 
 Sergt Philip Swartout 
 John Edwards 
 William P Uoisobea 
 John Lee 
 
 Miehael Mo("8Tthy 
 Theodore Frl.'ken 
 Bendt Nelson 
 Bartholomew Stokes 
 Corpl Geor!;e Wolf 
 S D Coal 
 Thomas Henson 
 William Gilmore 
 John ^'cCarthy 
 
 M Riellv 
 
 IJorpl VV R Goed 
 
 Autin Clark 
 
 P E Holcomb 
 
 Thomas Wajan. mueioian 
 
 Ser^:t G Brownley 
 
 Kmil Hadilock 
 
 D Maloney 
 
 J Hogan 
 
 P White 
 
 lohle 
 
 N Farley 
 
 C Le«lis 
 
 KILLED. 
 
 S(>rgt Wm Brown 
 Wm Mickle 
 1.1 Harper 
 C K Brown 
 J Siubert 
 Edifar Layalette 
 Edward Rielly 
 |Corpl Benjamin Bradt 
 _ homas Sa'.sbury 
 Henry Conline 
 Edward Carey 
 Allen J Vanoeal 
 MicU:;el McGouth 
 John Weeks 
 James S Doble 
 I'etcr Andrews 
 
 Peter Jnilge I 
 
 James C Pennington 
 jMartin Enwul 
 
 WOUNDED 
 
 (D Preslie 
 J D Kitters 
 W H Mc Donne 
 Ischa B Tucker 
 M Tyler 
 Joseiih Morris 
 W Mullen 
 \V Kooke 
 J Treel 
 D Boyle 
 T Clair 
 
 Wm H Bowdew 
 J M '.n-sfield 
 O Adams 
 Edward Astiu 
 James Calhoun 
 1 Kerns 
 M Regan 
 I, Sours 
 
 David Pottsdaiier 
 G E Radwell 
 I'homas O'Bryen 
 Sergt Geor;;e W Anderson 
 iJobert Sanders 
 Thomas Manuigan 
 James Uyan 
 jCorpl Thomas Hyam 
 James Wyley 
 Daniel MoOonuell 
 William Albisou 
 IVIatthew MoCormick 
 iWilliam 'I'aylor 
 IE Hen lerson 
 
 Thomas W Gibson 
 
 Thomas Perkins 
 
 Lawson Stuart 
 
 Joseph Wolf 
 
 George Beck 
 
 Kichard Eunchan 
 
 H K BrowB 
 
 J (;arroll 
 Marcus French 
 John Savage 
 Micah Hatch 
 William Raymond 
 Cor|il Francis Sheridfcn 
 1st Sergt John Truioott 
 Serjt G A Herring 
 Alexander Ramsey 
 Joseph Worry 
 [Patrick O'Brien 
 
 William Holborn 
 William Petty 
 Widiam Johnson 
 John Hill 
 K Barnum 
 Robert Halden 
 William A Jones 
 James Myers 
 Aaron Wriggle 
 Andrew Smith 
 William C Jones 
 John Magi'.ire 
 John McDuffy 
 Ist Sergt John Banks 
 •' Patrick Mylat 
 '■ E B( ssie 
 " T H Haller 
 " John Tigart 
 " E Garver 
 Coi-pl Centon Connor 
 Robert Aikens 
 Augustus Lappl« 
 C .Smiih, musician 
 William McCariy 
 Patrick Neele 
 John Saumlers 
 William Norlin 
 Robert E Wooley 
 Jrmes Crawley 
 H Duchart 
 Francis Faulkner 
 A Ryan 
 John Wilson 
 
HATTLES OF MEXICO, 
 
 /•eob Smidt 
 
 Charles Katcliffe 
 
 Jamea Delanj 
 
 H Schritder 
 
 John Gallagher 
 
 Leyi Smith 
 
 Peter M Cabe 
 
 Ut Sergt W F ToulfloB 
 
 fi Otomlej 
 
 ■Robert Raplea 
 James Piles 
 Albert Hart 
 VVilljain Lee 
 .'acub Hemming' 
 Georce Aunuld 
 Charles Peck 
 Andrew J Norria 
 
 MISSIN& 
 
 { 
 
 George AUaj 
 James Henry 
 Harry Eltinr 
 William Kelly 
 H Gifford 
 Melrin J Stone 
 E W Steven8on 
 William P Aleiander 
 
 0eoO'B»Jw 
 
 GEN. BUTLER'S DIVISION.-OHIO REGIMENT. 
 
 Jfit Lieut Matthew Hett 
 !st Sergt W G Dayis 
 D F Smith 
 O B Coxe 
 Elijah Keese 
 
 fliajor Gen W O Butler 
 Ool A M Mitchell 
 Lt and Adj A W Armstrons 
 Ist Lieut Lewis Morter 
 
 '• N H Nilea 
 2d Lie^it H McCarf.y 
 Capt James George 
 Samuel Myers 
 Josiah A Kellam 
 Edward Wade 
 3st Sertft Wm Malonsy 
 John Farrell 
 ioun Clarken 
 WUllam Work 
 
 KILLED. 
 
 Thomas McMurray 
 Corpl \V H Harris 
 Kichard Welsh 
 James McCookey 
 George Phale 
 
 WOUNDED. 
 
 Thomas VanJe Tenter 
 John Flannigaa 
 Jeremiah Kyan 
 .Michael Gilligan 
 Tobias Wer.J 
 rharles Segar 
 Griffin Lowerd 
 Alfred Dunaghua 
 Joseph Lorn beck 
 •Silas Burrill 
 Sergt William Miller 
 t'orpi G VV FitzhugU 
 Sobert Doney 
 
 (William Weber 
 John Havolett 
 T D Kgan 
 Stephen Freeman 
 lOscar Behnee 
 
 [Adam F Shane 
 John Fletcher 
 A B RlcKee 
 IC'orpI George Myer 
 E J Spoole 
 iHenry Weber 
 
 i Henry Myer 
 Sergt George Webster 
 '• George Longfelloi!? 
 Corpl John F Longley 
 John Pearson 
 R H Alcott 
 Henry Humphries 
 
 TENNESSEE REGIMENT. 
 
 Capt W B Alien 
 2d Lieut S M PuJnaif 
 John b Porter 
 William H KobinsoB 
 Sergt John A Hill 
 B !■ Coftee 
 E W Thomas 
 Booker H Dolton 
 tsaae Gurmaa Elliot 
 
 Maj R B Alexander 
 !8t Lt J L Sbndder 
 
 " GH Nixon 
 aa Lt J C Allen 
 Corpl F F Winston 
 JL Bryant 
 
 KILLED'. 
 
 I Peter H Martin 
 Edward Pryor 
 Penjamin S^foaper 
 Henry CoIHbs 
 James H Allison 
 •James H Johnston 
 James I! Turner 
 [R D Willis 
 I Joseph B Bnrkiet 
 
 WOUx\BED 
 
 lAlexnnder Bigani 
 p C Fleming 
 Mackey Koney 
 [Samuel Paris 
 I James Thompson 
 •Dayjd Collins 
 
 James M L Cu^bdS 
 A J Eaton 
 A J GiKson 
 Finlay Glover 
 A J Pratt 
 William Rhodes 
 John W Sanders 
 G W Wilson 
 
 A S Duval 
 T B Powell 
 William B Davis 
 Joseph Law 
 James York 
 "i!li«m younjf 
 
BATTLES OF MEXIC50. 
 
 8S 
 
 Biehard Olfford 
 
 & V Stanfield 
 
 An Lamb 
 
 Corpl. J J Argo 
 
 James Todd 
 
 Thomas Vickens 
 
 W D Cabler 
 
 1st Sergt. James M Vance 
 
 Sergt. George W Gilbert 
 
 Charles M Talley 
 
 Michael Crantie 
 
 R C Locke 
 
 J F Raphile 
 
 Thomas Kelly 
 
 Albert Tomlinson 
 
 Corpl. Julius C Elliott 
 
 R A Cole 
 
 James H Jenkins 
 
 A G Stewart 
 
 Sergt. Gulinger Holt 
 
 Corpl. James Patterson 
 
 fttix Wordzineki 
 
 Charles Arnold 
 
 J J Black well 
 
 Joseph Crutchfield 
 
 J Freeman 
 
 J D Gilmer 
 
 P O Hale 
 
 Daniel C King 
 
 C B Maguire 
 
 S S Reaves 
 
 A W Reaves 
 
 Augustin Stevens 
 
 Thomas N Irmith 
 
 C B Ward 
 
 1st Sergt. Charles Daris 
 
 Corpl. Robert W Green 
 
 Eli Brown 
 
 W F Buwen 
 
 Peter Engles 
 
 Robert Ftennigan 
 
 William Lowery 
 
 MISSING. 
 
 SNMaeey 
 E G /aohary 
 Corpl. W M Alflred 
 
 ■< John H Kif 
 A S Alexander 
 M C Abinathy 
 Jesse Brashars 
 J M Bailey 
 Campbell G Boyd 
 B L Commons 
 J W Curtis 
 H H Dadson 
 John Gavin 
 Aaron Parks 
 F Richardson 
 A O Richardson 
 [Thomas C RamMOT 
 John Vining 
 M D Watson 
 Thomas Thompao* 
 
 R R Morebead 
 
 MISSISSIPPI REGIMENT. 
 
 LMTroear 
 
 6ilM Mitcham I 
 
 Sunuel Potts I 
 
 Uent. CoL Alexander R Mc 
 
 Clung 
 Capt. R N Downing 
 lit Lieut. Henry T Cook 
 ltd Lieut. Rufus K Arthur 
 
 « L T Howard 
 ileniT H Miller 
 J H Jackson 
 A Lainbart 
 J L Anderso* 
 B H Jones 
 
 Corpl. John D Markham 
 H B Thompson 
 Sergt. E W HoUingswortb 
 Dr. G W Ramsay 
 Alphius Cobb 
 George Wills 
 W Huffman 
 
 KILLED 
 
 1 Joseph H Tenelle 
 
 Corpl. William H Grisam 
 I Joseph lleaton 
 
 WOUNDEDj 
 
 W Jones 
 William Orr 
 D Love 
 
 Sergt. Joseph H Langford 
 A P Baruham 
 H W Pierce 
 William Shadt 
 W H Fleming 
 Jacob Frederick 
 John Coleman 
 William P Spencer 
 M M Smith 
 James Kilvey 
 J Williamson 
 A W Taig 
 Warrcu White 
 Robert. Bowen 
 
 1 Frederick Mathewi 
 
 Joseph Downing 
 Daniel D Dubois 
 I John M Tyree 
 
 Benjamin F Robeiti 
 .\very Noland 
 Sergt F rancis A Wolf 
 C F Cotton 
 George William* 
 Nathaniel Massie 
 Sergt. William H B«i 
 E B Lfiwii 
 D B Lewis 
 Charles Martin 
 .lames L Thompson 
 John Stewart 
 John McNorrie 
 R W Chance 
 P W Johnson 
 Robert Grigg 
 Piatt Snedioor 
 
 Tal«nUne Dentehe 
 Lewis Young 
 
 KENTUCKY REGIMENT. 
 
 WOUNDED. 
 
 I Joseph Bartlett 
 1 Philip Smith 
 
 j Thoiaaf AleNU» 
 
64 
 
 BATTLES OF MEXICO. 
 
 GEN. WORTH'S DIVISION. 
 
 Cent. H McKavf. 
 W'Rihl 
 Cbarleij Hamin 
 
 1st Lieut. N L Rossell 
 
 Sergt. .\)aj. Brand 
 
 McManus 
 
 Virubb 
 
 Schriveigman 
 
 Pell 
 
 Ingalls 
 
 Grelan 
 
 McGuirk 
 
 Hendricks 
 
 Capt. Capt. R C Gatliu 
 
 2d Lieut. J H Potter 
 
 Sergt. K S < rosss 
 
 Corpl. S P Oakley 
 
 M Fleming 
 
 ^ Gersbenbcrger 
 
 KILLED. 
 
 J F Wagner 
 
 Irwin.; 
 
 Miller 
 
 WOUNDED 
 
 lames Myer.s 
 A Kenobeck 
 N V. bite 
 
 orpl. Morron 
 James Harvey 
 Louis Kirk 
 VV Miller 
 W Burton 
 M Morton 
 Ba.sse 
 
 Michael Noonan 
 Joseph Grey 
 Stephen Edwards 
 Theopolis Eowis 
 Jame8 Lynch 
 
 P Fickiosoa 
 S G AUeng 
 Joh n Prancis 
 
 Mark Collins 
 
 Dennis Kelly 
 
 Amos Col ins 
 
 John Keinecke 
 
 Isaac Dyer 
 
 Boyd 
 
 Artificer Pva?aa 
 
 Paul Buuzey 
 
 2d Lieut Gcorge Waitwrlghl 
 
 Ser„'t Rock 
 
 '• Willis 
 
 " ftlarshall 
 R Riley 
 Lance Tacey 
 James McKnight 
 
 Herman S Thomas 
 OHnie-l McCarty 
 
 COL. HAY'S REGIMENT. 
 
 KILLED. 
 
 J W D Austin 
 Capt R A Gillespie 
 
 WOUNDED. 
 
 Corpl John M Fallertoo 
 
 AnnBtrong Thomas Law Corpl J B Walker 
 
 Fielding Alston John Rabb AVilliam Carley 
 
 John P Waters Lieut William E Reese Gilbert Hrush 
 
 CD De Witt Jesse Perkins Sergt JlJ Barry 
 
 Oliver Jenkins N P Browning F F Keys 
 
 J F Minter Sergt Rauud;ree I 
 
 J Buchanan, H P Lyon, and C VV Tufts were left behind un speeial duty, and are sappo**d t»b( 
 bUed. 
 
 COL. WOOD'S REGBIKNT OP TEXAS RANGERS. 
 Operating in the eastern part of tie etty on the 23d 
 
 George SJhort 
 
 Saker B.'irton 
 Charles G Davenport 
 
 KILLED. 
 I 
 WOUNDED 
 I IraGrisby 
 
 Thomas Gregory 
 ' C«lTiQ Reese 
 
BATTLES OF MEXICO. 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 Names of the conmiissioncd oficers killed ana wounded during the operations be- 
 Jore Mo7itere!j, Mexico, from Sqpteniber 21 to September 23, 1846, inclusive. 
 
 nZhviW-r:? ^~^^ ^ Waiiams Capt. Top EngiEeers. mortally; J H F Mans- 
 J H I .L.H •■ p- hV'lTr- ^«^"e'y; J ^ Abercronibie. bvt Major. 1st Infentry. slightly 
 J H Lamo He Capt, Ut Inlantry severely; J C Terrett, 1st Lieut. 1st Infantry mortally 
 KDUworth 2d Lieut, 1st Infimtry, mortally; W W Lear, Major, 3d Infantry, dangeroug^ 
 I3 , H Banbridge Capt 3d infantry, slightly: R H Graham, 1st Lieut. 4th Infantry 
 Auwerously; N B Rossell, 1st Lieut. 5th Infantry, slightly. ' ^' 
 
 etflf/fantr^/se^e^eir''^^''"'' '"'^ l^f'^^^'J'' ^^^^-^^'^'i George Wainwright, 2d Lieut, 
 
 v.u.^icsimc.it, .Miguuy; XV li Alexander, Major, 1st Tenn regiment, severely; J LScud- 
 ^^h ?v- Vr ^1 f of'l .'•"="r."'^ ''"""'y' ^ " '^''■^•^"' ^«' '^i*^"*' 1^' Ten,', regiment, 
 Bl.ghtly J C «llen.2a Litut, 1st Tenn regiment, severely: A K McClung, Lieut Col. Miag 
 regiment, severe y; R N Downing Capt, Miss Kesiment, slightly; H F Cook, Ist Lient 
 Miss regiment, slightly; R H Arthur, 2d Lieut, Miss regiment, slightly 
 
 t,er,t. 22.— R A Gillespie, Capt, 1st Texas regiment, mortally: W E Reese, 1st Lieut. 
 let Texaa regiment. ' ' 
 
 Sevt. 23.— L S Howard. 2d Lieut, Miss regiment, severely. 
 
 The retnrn,s of the killed, wounded, and missing, show the foUowinff results- 
 
 Commissioned officers 
 
 43 
 
 Non-commissioned officers, musicians, and privates .'.'.*. 447 
 
 MUsing ■ '.'.'.'.'.'.'..,..'.'.'..'. 2 
 
 Making a total of .".'.".'.'.'.' .*' * *' "V " 
 
 4U 
 
 MUNITIONS CAPTURED AT MONTEREY. 
 
 Park of Artillkry.— Division op the North. 
 
 iHToiee of Artillery, Arms, Ammunition, and other Munitions of War, giyen ,nTJrtt»io| 
 me articles of capitulation, signed September 24, 1846. 
 
 Pieces of Artillery with Equipments and Sets of ,irtnt. 
 
 2 4-poundera, culverine. mounted. 
 
 -5 4-pounders 
 
 4 7-inch howitzers. 
 
 1 12-pounder, dismounted. 
 
 1 6-pounder, mounted. 
 
 1 S-pounder, mounted. 
 
 1 4-pounder, dismounted, conicaL 
 
 1 3-pouiider. dismounted, 
 
 1 iron howitzer, unserviceable 
 
 1 bronze howitzer, unserviceable 
 
 7 rampart guns, (.bronzed.) 
 
 Arms for Infantry and (^lawtlrt. 
 149 English muskets. 
 102 carbines 
 122 bayonets 
 
BATTLES OF MEXICO. 
 
 905 gun barrels, loose ) 
 100 carbine barrels, (loos«.) 
 . 43 lanoes. 
 
 Munitions /or Infantry and jSrtiUerf. 
 
 382 18-pound balla, (in pile.) 
 329 12-pound balls, do. 
 
 18 boxes blank 12-pound cartridges— 12 in each. 
 
 19 boxes 8-pound canister shot, do. 
 49 rounds 8-pound canister .shot, (loose.) 
 
 3 boxes 7-pound blink cartriges. 
 
 ir boxes 6-pound b*!l cartridgos— fixed; 15 and 18 ia each boj. 
 60 boxes 4-pound ball cartridges— fixed ; 18 and 24 ia each bo« 
 ,„? '"'"* 4-pound blnnk cartridges— 100 in both together 
 iZS rounds 3-pound ball cartridges. 
 1§ boxes 7-inch howitzer blank cartridges, 
 i box 5^inch do do 
 
 I5 boxes 6-pound canister cartridges— 10 and 12 each 
 
 14 boxes 4-pound do 12 and 16 each 
 40 8-pound balls. 
 
 17 boxes 12-pound canister cantridges 
 
 T9 rounds do do 
 
 12 rounds 8-pound do 
 
 28 rounds do do (loose., 
 
 15 boxes 7-in(:h howitzer canister Cartridges. 
 
 JO rounds 7.inch do (loose.; 
 
 253 pound cartridges. 
 27 boxes loaded grenades, 7-inch howitzer— 3 in each bo» 
 
 20 boxes loaded grenades, 5Ji-inch howitzer-^ in each. 
 350 loose grenades, (part loaded.) 
 
 2fi8 boxes musket-ba 1 cartridges— 1200 in each. 
 13bo.xes do do (double ball) 1200 in each. 
 
 ^J boxes cannon powder, (good) 12,450 lbs. net. 
 
 a i."^^' , '^? . tdamaged)-5,250 ibs. net— not (oamined, probably ««•« 
 8 boxes musket powder, (damaged)— 1200 lbs. net. * 
 
 2 boxes rifle powder, (fine)— SOU lbs net. 
 680 pounds slow match. 
 
 70 quintals lead, in balls. [The reader can calculate thig.i 
 101 quuitals lead, in bars. 
 10 dozen signal rockets. 
 iHere^Uows a long list of tools, &c.] 
 
 Park of Artillery.— Post of thk CiTADEt. 
 Statemtnt of Ordnance and Ordnance Stores which art at this Pott on (i«9i»l 
 
 of September, 1846 
 60,000 mnsket cartridges, with ball. 
 .594 12-pouud blank cartridges. 
 334 8-pouud do 
 
 723 8-pound cartridi^es. with ball. 
 394 6-pound do 
 
 201 7-inch howitzer blank cartridges 
 
 71 6-pound cartridges, with grape. 
 171 12-pound canister shot. 
 390 8-pound do 
 
 50 6-pound do 
 
 102 7-inch howitzer canister shot. 
 112 7-inch do loaded shells. 
 218 12-pound balls, (loose.) 
 710 12-pound priming tubes, (papei.t 
 1,200 8-pound do do 
 
 160 6-pound do <Jo 
 
 300 4-pound do do 
 
 15 port-fires. 6 arobas slow-match, (150 lbs.) 
 
 4 S-pounders. 2 f -pounders. 2 7-inoh howitieis 
 
BATTLES OF MEXICO. 
 
 87 
 
 LIST OF KILLED AND WOUNDEIX 
 
 FIRST DIVISION.— MAJ. OEN. WORTH. 
 
 ■Sautes of thi KUUd, Wowided, and Missing, t» tlie action of Molina del An, 
 September 8, 1847. 
 
 KILLED. 
 
 Hugh Donahue 
 
 Jacobus 
 
 ■UUenbrook 
 
 Brown 
 
 Lane 
 
 Tansen 
 
 Lansing 
 
 John Gracie 
 
 Samuel Grove 
 
 Timothy SuUivai'. 
 
 A L Grenier 
 
 John Connor 
 
 Wm Hanson 
 
 Jacob Frnck 
 
 David (Campbell 
 
 Jaoob Dyas 
 
 Ist Lieut Wm Armstrong 
 
 Sergt A B Howe 
 
 Wm J Barnhard 
 
 John C Elloes 
 
 Herman Levy 
 
 Bvt Capt e W Ayres 
 
 J F Farry 
 
 John Walsh 
 
 ^imon Margarum 
 
 Benj M Harris 
 
 Sergt B Henry 
 
 Corpl John Cameron 
 
 Stillman Coburn 
 
 Fatricic Ronnan 
 
 John McLoskey 
 
 Frederick Workman 
 
 2d Lieut W S Burwell 
 
 Brt Lieut Col Martin Scott 
 
 Capt M E Merrill 
 
 M Lieut E B Strong 
 
 Sergt John Gottenger 
 
 Sergt Augustus Quitmac 
 
 Capt. J L Mason, Eng'rs. 
 3d Lieut. J B Foster 
 John Dougherty 
 Capt. C Kerr 
 ^ Lieut. Smith 
 
 « Tree 
 
 " Walker 
 9«rgt. McGuire 
 Curpl. Slade 
 Sergt. Young 
 Corpl. Buxton 
 
 " Buckley 
 Sergt's. Murphy 
 
 « Broofcl 
 U(h«r 
 Bolinc 
 Ktowa 
 
 Sergt Stanislaus Minot 
 Corpl Saml Carr 
 Timothy Howby 
 Thou Wiediiian 
 Frederick Hubber 
 Hy Maraark 
 Francis McKay 
 Thos S Pole 
 John P Ronner 
 Charles Sreward 
 Samuel Calhoun 
 Robt Crawford 
 Griffith Owens 
 David Sharp 
 Thomas Gooding 
 Peter Pentz 
 Owen MHrry 
 John B Honer 
 John Koarstsupfads 
 Peter G Moore 
 Wm McCloskey 
 Sergt James McGlynn 
 Bernard Althor 
 Martin Munneman 
 Michael Sheehan 
 Mai thew Murphy 
 Victor Durand 
 John H Bond 
 Nicholas Ramsey 
 Wm Agol 
 Wm Fahee 
 John H Plant 
 Christian Schuman 
 Wm Looey 
 Michael Murphy 
 John Brodrick 
 Peter Koite 
 Isham Canalizo 
 
 WOUNDED. 
 
 Zink 
 Sweeney 
 Russell 
 Kerr 
 Walters 
 
 Thomas Murphy 
 Porthou.se 
 Zalikiwick 
 White 
 Fielding 
 Freemac 
 Kohle 
 Mundel^ 
 WestenJelof 
 Drawn 
 Wyatt 
 KTwdeoar 
 
 Sergt Edw Bertram 
 
 Sergt Nicholas Ford 
 
 Corpl James Crogan 
 " John Hughes 
 " Wm Sandys 
 " John Clark 
 
 Sergt Reuben Brown 
 
 Patrick McGra^h, •mva 
 
 Thos Lan-ion 
 
 Geo McGraff 
 
 Gabriel Wilson 
 
 Patrick Green 
 
 Alex Prentice 
 
 Peter Caffery 
 
 Bernard McFarlin 
 
 Jacob Neish 
 
 Charles Schvvarykwft 
 
 Wm iTvin 
 
 John A Jackson 
 
 Geo M Ligjitfell 
 
 Barthol Mabon 
 
 Henry Fassor 
 
 Lewis Hemne 
 
 Thomss Fl- a 
 
 Saml Clark 
 
 Robt SImson 
 
 Sidney W Gunroyer 
 
 Corpl Henry W Erwia 
 
 Lt ( -ol Wm M Graham 
 
 IstLt R HL Johnsom 
 
 Sergt Geo Johnson 
 
 Corpl Chas Fenner 
 
 <^rpl John McMahoft 
 
 John Segler 
 
 .luhn Buchanan 
 
 John Manning 
 
 James S'tnpsoo 
 
 Daniel Kipp-y 
 
 Flit8h« 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 Paul 
 
 Cottrell 
 
 Carter 
 
 Harris 
 
 Sergt. Jaoob Prtoe 
 
 Richards 
 
 Boone 
 
 J M Quick 
 
 Ist Lieut. H. J Hub* 
 
 " W Hayci 
 2d Lieut. H F. Clark 
 Corpl. Hugh McCoy 
 Richard Gilmore 
 James Whitter 
 Oeorge Wagner 
 
88 
 
 BATTLES OF MEXICO. 
 
 Abnm Hart 
 
 Sd Lieut, and Aid-de-camp H 
 
 Thorn 
 I8t Lieut. M L Shriekleford 
 
 « C B D.anifcl.s- 
 Sergt. George Gordon 
 
 " James .McCormick 
 Corpl. Henrv Celleman, dead 
 
 " Hiigli McDonald 
 Mtis. Thomas Clark 
 William Shoppe, dead 
 Chri.stie Bower doAd 
 James Konhford 
 Charles Hoover 
 Hy Uerlin 
 Martin Sharbuek 
 William; Moore 
 Patrick Kean 
 John Conway 
 John Garrey 
 John Hill 
 Frederick Blunt 
 Thomas Furian 
 Francis Webb 
 William Crook 
 Samuel .S Dickman 
 Arch'd. Mo Fay den, dead- 
 Robert Alexander 
 James Montaomery 
 Thomas O'Brien 
 Thomas Starr 
 Robert Michan 
 John Wiley 
 J D Reynolds, deaf 
 William Sharp 
 Edward Ellsworth 
 James Bonahaa 
 James Heany 
 John McNeil 
 John R Smith 
 William Cook 
 Capt. R Anderson 
 Oswold Drury 
 William Ehienbauia 
 James Keenan 
 Christian Smallbark 
 David Coleman 
 John P Smith 
 Henry Stenoham 
 John Glancey 
 John Montgomery 
 Martin Rush 
 William Allen 
 John Gallagher 
 Lewis Meraus 
 Joseph L Moody 
 Philip Hady, dead 
 Richard Atiererombie 
 Samuel Collier 
 Robert Kuntz 
 Michael Bonet 
 Edward McK"ion 
 Paler W Syms 
 William C Goddaxd 
 Daniel F MoKee 
 MtMdith Quails 
 
 Levi Leitz 
 John Coyle 
 John Hill 
 Justin O'Brien 
 William Lawrence 
 .Maron Meyers 
 K ftlcCready 
 Gilbert Goodrich, dead 
 Lile Barton 
 .ilexanderMiUer 
 John T DeHart 
 Jnles Ga.sse, dead 
 lohn Housmen 
 Lawrence Kenny 
 Ad.am Beeoker 
 Theo Cranz 
 William Wiernest 
 John S Beach 
 William A PUice, dead 
 Abner Dixon 
 .John Clark 
 William 'Wheeler 
 Henry Wilkie 
 Moses Papiner 
 Thomas McDermott 
 Edward A unison 
 John Cogli 
 Josiah Ettinier 
 William Cain 
 Bernard Riley 
 James Shepherd 
 Patrick MoAlroy 
 William O Mooht 
 Thomas Hogg 
 Josiah Cartwrigh/, dead 
 Edward H Brown 
 John Eisdar 
 Patrick McCtis 
 Patrick Scanlan 
 Peter Yorrick 
 Le(mard Johnson 
 Charles Butterling 
 James Burns 
 Charles Evan* 
 John Huuter 
 John Wrick 
 John Helm 
 Matthew Switzer 
 William H Morris 
 William Shalfer 
 Michael Coll 
 J M Montgomery 
 Charles Sanders 
 Edward B Conner 
 Peter Bragine 
 George McElrie 
 Joseph W Brush 
 Joseph Wolf 
 Thomas Foster, dea4 
 John Harvey- dead 
 William Chapman 
 William Curtis 
 John Gorlan 
 John McCameron 
 Cornelius O'Neill 
 Samuel Tucker 
 
 Chester R Tiilly 
 
 Thomas H Wood 
 
 Jacob Watson 
 
 Benjamiu Slater 
 
 Thomas Gloveen 
 [Augustus De Lonsa 
 
 Owen Meivin 
 
 Capt. A Cady 
 
 " W H T Walker 
 [2d Lieut R F Ernst 
 •Sergt. P F Jackson 
 
 " George Williams 
 " John fllclutyre 
 " James E Dresser 
 
 ' '■ John Cummings 
 " Johu Webb, dead 
 
 'Corpl. John I erguson 
 " Sylvester Jones 
 " Chas. Rafferty, (Iwd 
 
 William Sheppard 
 
 L B Hanley 
 
 Abraham Fitzpatrick 
 
 P R Maloed 
 
 J A Burlyman 
 
 Solomor Viedenburg 
 
 Melon Miller 
 
 Lyman H Royce 
 
 Joseph Schwager 
 
 Henry Stevens 
 
 Henry Jordon, dead 
 
 E Hamar 
 
 .\nthony Brooks 
 
 Robert Hawkins 
 
 James Wilson 
 
 L Kinney 
 
 John Graves 
 
 James Edmonds 
 
 Charles Evanson 
 
 William Angel 
 
 WT Bishop 
 
 George Coflfee 
 
 Charles Hess 
 
 Michael McEwen 
 
 Michael Picket 
 
 William Smith 
 
 Thomas A Wilson 
 
 Lawrence Fagan 
 
 William Gibbard 
 
 James Hannigaa 
 
 James B Hill 
 
 James B Kelly, istA 
 
 Charles Brown 
 
 William Smith 
 
 Lawrence Duniran 
 
 John Forgy 
 
 S.aniuel Stanley 
 
 David Wheeler 
 
 ,John Mnrphy 
 
 Richard Harper 
 
 Joshua H Corwin 
 
 James Deviue 
 
 Christopher Yeager 
 
 Capa E K Smith, since dead 
 
 '2d Lieut. F S Dent 
 
 :Sergt. Joseph Updigraff 
 '' Thomn.a Johnson 
 
BATTLES OF MEXICO. 
 
 89 
 
 Corpl. Samuel Meeker lAdj. II Prince 
 
 r2(l Lieut. A 
 
 Gilbert G Francher|2(l Lieut. A B Linctla 
 Jacob Nichols ls( Lieut. S Smith 
 
 |Sergt. George W Auoftrson 
 
 " 'William Quinn 
 Joseph Holybeo, deiii 
 John B Weedeu 
 Charles Metz 
 Corpl. William Castigan 
 l^'.phiaim Cain 
 Jame.s Carroll 
 Michael McGuire 
 James Steel, dead 
 John P Wirrick 
 Charles Skolinski 
 Kdward Kirevin 
 Philip Felby, dead 
 Martin Loughest 
 Bvt. Col. J S Mcintosh, dead 
 Asst. Surgt. William Roberts 
 ai Lieut CS Hamilton 
 Sergt. Alfred Landrage 
 Elisha Buel 
 
 Edward Green 
 
 Darius Ballard 
 
 Thomas Low 
 
 Patrick Keily 
 
 James Alexander, mns. 
 
 George Barr 
 
 William Cordes 
 
 Herman Knickerbocker 
 
 Anthony Rounder 
 
 Thomas Sullivan 
 
 Andrew Casey 
 
 Alphonso Schaifer, dead 
 
 Daniel Rodiers 
 
 • Charles Lindcr 
 
 James II Brooke 
 
 tfeorge Kraffenbaner 
 
 Angns Beaver 
 
 ■SVilliam Bell 
 
 Joseph McGarlin 
 
 I'^trick O'Rourke 
 
 ITiomas L Sleek 
 
 ©eorge W E Shermsui 
 
 ITdward Kinneford 
 
 fflijah J Cain 
 
 I evi Miles 
 
 Jlobn Kanavagh 
 
 Tl'imothy CoUina 
 
 H'zra Higgins 
 
 Michael Leonard 
 
 IH'homas Pardon 
 
 ITiomas Joyce 
 
 Wicholas Seminoff 
 
 William Wright 
 
 John Fleming 
 
 J'<1 Lieut. G P Andrews 
 
 5Jsrgt. Anton Achenback, dead 
 
 (;orpl. John Matthews, dead 
 
 " John Hynes 
 James Walsh 
 (teorge Wilcox 
 IVilliam F Taylor 
 Philip Rouse 
 J alius Martial 
 John Coo-ran, dead 
 Thomas Juit 
 C^harles Beistrenger 
 Thomas Brady 
 ■Nfilliam Bloom 
 Simuel Brown 
 John Conner 
 Ptter Derit 
 Robert MoGco 
 Dsdrick Deer 
 William Parker, dead 
 Watchman, dead 
 Joseph Finch 
 John Tornis 
 Marshall Kimball, dead 
 Philip Bacher 
 William W Walker 
 Minhael Ley 
 John Sullivan 
 AuiBt. Surgeon J Seniots 
 
 Henry Farmer 
 James O'Brien 
 Alex McClellan 
 David Thompson 
 James Eversteine, 
 dead 
 
 Corpl. William Godfrey 
 H J Haskell 
 Francis .'^mith 
 John Doyle 
 George Limerick 
 Geiirge Molely 
 JSiich Reid 
 John Clarit 
 
 William Babb, mus. 
 
 Corpl. Dediah Meir 
 
 Morris Sayers, dead 
 
 William Witherspoon 
 
 William Goodwin 
 
 Hugh Frazer 
 
 Jeremiah Delong 
 
 Is. Tiffans 
 
 Ij Weight 
 
 'George Kingsman, dead 
 
 llsaac Baker, dead 
 
 Isaac Christman 
 
 John Lyons 
 
 Adam Eichstein 
 
 John Irwing 
 
 James Lollen 
 
 iCorpl. Michael Eannei 
 
 Francis Kline, dead 
 
 Samuel Morgan 
 
 Bennet Keere. 
 
 John Finnerghty 
 
 Jacob Kennard 
 
 Richard Wilkinson 
 
 James Bradley 
 
 J B Johnson 
 
 William Spears 
 
 Calvin Wells 
 
 Henry Cropp 
 
 John Martin 
 
 John King 
 D Loundensborongh 
 Michael McAuley, dead 
 E W Dexter ' 
 Loreuy Flood 
 John JlcGuire 
 James Victory 
 \\ illiara P Moore 
 Jeffersoa Wells 
 Abraham Riber 
 Henry Bertoled 
 George Smith 
 Joseph Roland, dead 
 David Brudy 
 Daniel Emerson 
 Daniel Bonghanan 
 Richard Cherry 
 Brian Corry 
 'I'homas Down 
 William C Howe 
 Deobald Snyder 
 AlfreJ Carlisle 
 John A Reading 
 Jeremiah Ryan 
 Ebenezer Gill 
 Gregory Kepler 
 S P Aretz 
 John Meon 
 Matthew Kols 
 "W illiam Jones, dead 
 Major C A Waite 
 Brevet-Maj. A Montgomery 
 Captain L Smith 
 1st Lieut. J Burbank, dead 
 J Beardsley 
 C Morris, dead 
 J D Clark 
 2d Lieut. G Wainwright 
 Lieut. J G S Snelling 
 Sergt. John Fink 
 
 Thomas Moir' 
 
 David Pink 
 
 Thomas SewcU 
 
 John Robinson 
 
 James H Kearney 
 
 John Smith 
 
 Frederick Backhans 
 
 George .Simmons 
 Corpl. A T Osbourne 
 
 A (; Edson 
 
 William Fairchild* 
 
 David Lawyer 
 
 Joseph Scanson 
 
 Caleb Smith 
 David Si)rinnham, dead 
 Willi.im McDonald 
 DeWitt McDaniel 
 John McCarthy 
 Bernard Malone 
 lames Mooney 
 John Paul 
 John M Renter 
 Henry Runiears, dM4 
 Oscar F Sweet 
 S Poler. dead 
 P MoMiUan 
 
BATTI4ES OF MEXICO. 
 
 ioha H McQnire 
 John Berminghamj dead 
 a T Templeman 
 /•ha Weith 
 • A Weller 
 W Wil8i>n, dead 
 J»bn T Blair 
 William Sourley 
 Junes Raby, dead 
 CliarJes Daniels 
 Mark Chappie 
 Michael Conrey 
 William C Morris 
 H Ilorinar 
 William Thomaa 
 James A Terril 
 H«Dry Bohan, lUtA 
 Major Geerge W TcW»a 
 3d Lieut. G L KHtiiig 
 
 " R Sw>:;n 
 
 " ■ William J Martin 
 Patrick Casiin 
 Darid Doace 
 Chester C Kennedy 
 Peter King 
 Patrick McCarty 
 Henry L SneUers 
 Nat Ross 
 Joseph Arnold 
 Patrick Keaoy 
 Benjamin Barritt 
 James Gamble 
 Oliver W H Kellogg 
 Patrick Green, dead 
 Augustus Bliss, dead 
 K Buckland 
 William Collan 
 JriiD Cbari 
 Jskn K Knock 
 l^eobald Shinard 
 Jacob MisKil, dead 
 Luther Schouta 
 S W Pumroyer, dead 
 William Shad 
 William Looney 
 Michael Walsh, dead 
 John Young 
 Th Brennan 
 Thomas Burke 
 John CosgroTe 
 Ph Cook 
 H Eubank 
 John Gordon 
 Nicholas Hoyt 
 J L Knott 
 8 A Evans 
 M (/'onway 
 V Collins 
 Holaudurf 
 T (nark 
 R Sylvester 
 H Welli 
 H Kilgrov* 
 W A Wart 
 i Bean 
 
 |J Silverhcrn 
 
 J Malony 
 
 W Allison 
 
 D Deraughn 
 
 J Rowenski 
 
 |J f'pencer 
 
 T Pari«h 
 
 J Doney 
 
 J J Nickerson 
 
 M Benton 
 
 G W Bungeaat 
 
 John Sloan 
 
 J L Hisse 
 
 T Evans 
 
 H Kidwell 
 
 A W Millbright 
 
 J MoCasliu 
 
 |J Cromley 
 
 D I>avis 
 
 J V Franklin 
 
 S Field 
 
 T Higginson 
 
 A Idler 
 
 G Kriner 
 
 H Keenan 
 
 R Lemon 
 ,W S Wendenhall 
 
 J Massey 
 
 P Morrell 
 
 B McCape 
 
 J V Perry 
 
 J Picken 
 
 J Pierce 
 
 B J Ross 
 
 W Jackson 
 
 O Morton 
 
 G Speneer 
 
 J Kock 
 
 C Eckhart 
 
 G Backenschits 
 
 F Kerse 
 
 J Rutter 
 
 T Grooves 
 
 J Sigmac 
 
 J F Dentlenger 
 
 J A Vates 
 
 G W Jones 
 
 W H Fitzhue 
 
 2d Lieut. Wa.sh TerrUl 
 
 Sergt. W B Vertreea 
 "CD Weymout* 
 " F W Jennings 
 " J C Malbon 
 " W J Herbert 
 " R Harding 
 " C R Edwarda 
 " S Elliott 
 " J E Gardiner 
 
 (orpl. W S McCorrell 
 "ED Denson 
 " B Ogle 
 « J H Walker 
 
 Sergt R H Turner 
 
 D Graylwer 
 
 A R Shaaklett 
 
 JHaU 
 
 J Brown 
 
 D Wymp 
 
 A Wamsall 
 
 J Porter 
 
 G W Seatoi 
 
 R Simpson 
 
 J Tkompson 
 
 J Metcalf 
 
 A AdamsoB 
 
 T Davif 
 
 J Howell 
 
 J Pugh 
 
 J Bu tiger 
 
 A Fuulay 
 
 T Firish 
 
 T Pngh 
 
 H White 
 
 W Baldhurst 
 
 Major John H Sarag* 
 
 Capt. Thomas Glenn 
 
 Lieut. Hays 
 
 Thomas Shields 
 
 Samuel B Davis 
 
 Corpl. L Warren 
 
 " Munroe Fliminf 
 Thomas Pierso* 
 James M Cox 
 Robert Brenton 
 Fielding Young 
 Jackson W Lowr/ 
 A Sawyer 
 Kavlams Lynch 
 William Farrell 
 Louis H Mallorby 
 David Hall 
 James Gillespie 
 Hardy Johnson 
 James R Attstio 
 Thomas H Hayter 
 Henry Dannigan 
 Capt William H IrwlB 
 
 " P M Guthrie 
 Adj. D S Lee 
 Sergt. John P WeldoA 
 
 '• Freeze 
 
 " Lenox Lea 
 
 "JO Handy 
 Corpl. Charles Bartnrkaf 
 
 ** Michael Freenej 
 
 " Robert Raasch 
 Isaac Mahon 
 Uriah Kitchen 
 John Hayes 
 James Rager 
 McCluny Radcliff 
 Robert D Brown 
 Foster R Carson 
 James Dilks 
 William S Sashkb 
 James Hight 
 Schmidt 
 William R Call 
 J«Kse Flowera 
 William DoliUB 
 Isaac Pierce 
 James Neahltt 
 
BATTLES OF MEXICO. 
 
 91 
 
 Hermui Biekerstinc 
 FVedBabe 
 B«uamin Dickie 
 
 iSImoD riekett 
 iJobn Romering 
 lAlbert McOm 
 
 lOgcar Wood 
 John Wilson, AtaA 
 IChristiauPapst 
 
 MISSING 
 
 «.r^'!***?*"* *'*^**' ^°*®P'» ^°**< »'"=« discovered to haye been blown nn at r»mm 
 foh^rnhi ^'p°-" f«<"^' Artificer Israel Barton, killed; Privatr/ohn JacobTrrn^e Se^A 
 ?^nr^ You\«r'{Je^'!t',^n,'^'''rr' ^^^^^^ Hardy,' William ReynoWs, JameVsm^ 
 
 JRmww 0/ the ktHed, woimded, and missing, of the First Division, in tiu acHom 
 o/the I3th and 14th September. 
 
 Richard Gilmore 
 Sergt. John Scar 
 Joseph Cook. mus. 
 Charles Carroll 
 John Kennedy 
 William O'Neil 
 Lient. A J Rogers 
 Sergt. William Donegan 
 " George Blast 
 
 k A Gen. W W Markall 
 
 A. D C George W Kendall 
 
 \»t- Lieut. J J Steven* 
 
 Sergt. D Hastings 
 " PMaguire 
 
 Davis 
 
 Artificer Edmnnd King 
 
 Thomas Murphy 
 
 Joseph Bateman 
 
 William Smith 
 
 John Wolfe 
 
 Francis Desmond 
 
 Sergt. James McCormicft 
 
 Cerpl. Henry Reigle 
 
 Anthony Baker, mus. 
 
 John Sweeny 
 
 Herman Von Steen 
 
 Carl Chapparcan 
 
 George Chiveton 
 
 Frederick Brugh 
 
 Jeremiah Cavaugh 
 
 W Garlick 
 
 David Rikin 
 
 Patrick Born 
 
 John Young 
 
 Michael Halloran 
 
 John Klinz 
 
 Nathan Randall 
 
 John Zear 
 
 Godfrey Piennont 
 
 Marcus Bain 
 
 John Haggerty 
 
 Liout. Col. John Garland 
 
 Ist Lient. S Smith, dead 
 
 2d Lieot. Maurice Maloney 
 
 StrgL WUliam Blaisdell 
 
 KILLED. 
 
 Corpl. James Hagan 
 Conrad Graf 
 Isaac I Jonson 
 Alexander McCoy 
 Karl Sitfmond 
 Michael Kel ley 
 William Billington 
 Joel Barrom 
 
 WOUNDED. 
 
 Sergt. David Toobwiller 
 Corpl. Theodore Gregg 
 Daniel Bennett, dead 
 Joseph F Cooper 
 Hamilton Sparks 
 John Whilnell 
 William Grant 
 Patrick Toole 
 Lonesee 
 William Burton 
 James Lawless 
 Stephen Mann 
 Adolpbus Schuyer 
 Jacob Shores 
 J M Mallinder 
 William Wilson 
 Mark Spaulding 
 V B West 
 George Henry 
 William Lawrence 
 Duwilda Myers 
 Thomas Collis 
 William Cross 
 Joseph Peck 
 John C Christie 
 Mortonier Crofort 
 Williim Thompso* 
 Henry Byrnes 
 James Fisher 
 James Parker 
 |Grapincamp 
 Aganus Dowis 
 Capt D H McPhail 
 Sergt. Henry Farmet 
 Corpl. Darius Ballard 
 Joseph McGartin 
 
 Id Lieut J P Smitk 
 V E Reed 
 James McLoy 
 Patrick Hines 
 William Moonejr 
 David Trush 
 Andrew Leet 
 Henry Jones 
 
 William O'Shanghnefff 
 
 Jnhn A Schuber 
 
 Wiliam Montgomery 
 
 John Dillon 
 
 James Harny 
 
 Thomas Oats 
 
 George Gill 
 
 Ist Lieut. L A Armisteftd 
 
 Sergt. Maj. Edw Thom^Mat 
 
 George Ern^t 
 
 Alexander Maddox 
 
 William Dowley 
 
 Sergt. Francis Fox 
 
 Bernard Lynch 
 
 And rew I'iper 
 
 2d Lieut. James Lnnghonl 
 
 1st " Joseph Seldon 
 
 Sergt. John A Noon 
 i " J L Fisk 
 
 Corpl. Robert Shaw 
 I " Thomas Smith 
 [William Shaw 
 I John flisner 
 jJohn Flummery 
 |M Monaghyn 
 James C Mclntyre 
 ■Stephen MConnell 
 [John McAulay 
 William I'almoter 
 'John Kibler 
 I William Fox 
 [Alexander Reinhart 
 Nathaniel Clegg 
 Charles .VcCloskjr 
 Hanson Palmer 
 <WilUam Vertel 
 
92 
 
 BATTLES OF MEXICO. 
 
 Charles Qniok 
 Valentine Inipoft 
 James Farramier 
 
 MISSING. 
 
 I Edward Blackman 
 Victor Whipple 
 James Leise 
 
 John nriolon 
 Charles Whitt/ 
 
 SECOND DIVISION -BRTG. GEN. TWIGGS. 
 
 List of the killed, wmmdcd, and missing, of the Second D msion, in the actum 
 at C/iapuUepec and the Garita de Uclc7i, on the 13<A, and in the city of 
 Mexico on the VUh and Ibth of September, 1847. 
 
 FIRST BRIGADE. 
 
 CorpI Dennis Byrns 
 
 " C C Arms 
 Thomas D Wheeler 
 George Town 
 William Donovan 
 Elijah O Pointer 
 James I, Reed 
 Jesse James 
 
 Ist Lieut. Earl Van Dorn 
 Maj. W W Doring 
 Capt. J S Simonson 
 
 " J B Backenstos 
 
 « S S Tucker 
 2d Lieut. T S K Russell 
 Bvt. 2d Lieut. J A Palmer 
 Capt. George Nanman 
 1st Lieut, and Adj. J 31 Bran 
 
 nan 
 
 '■ Lieut. J H Haskin 
 Sergt. Maj. Alnnzo Slanton 
 
 ' .Samuel Harp 
 
 « Z M P Hand 
 let Sergt James Manly 
 Sergt. William P Sanders 
 
 •' Hiram Dwyer 
 
 "DM Frame 
 CorpI. William M Winter 
 
 " L L Worcester 
 
 " George Taylor 
 
 « J M L Addison 
 
 * Bufus Peck 
 
 ■* Jeremiah O'Conuell 
 
 " J Freeman 
 
 " J Millard 
 Lance CorpI. Thomas Davis 
 
 " William V Cook 
 James Farrcll 
 Edward Allen 
 Christopher Lidden 
 Frederick Pilgrim 
 J M Cannon 
 A Stickler 
 George W Raymond 
 Stans Moroski 
 Joseph Mewhouse 
 
 KILLED. 
 
 Myrnn Bell 
 Hiram Dengh 
 William Hagan 
 William Finney 
 James Harrigan 
 Thomas McGlone 
 Sergt. John Bald 
 CorpI. James Huntley 
 
 WOUNDED. 
 
 John Barber 
 John Richardson 
 Joseph Hoban 
 W F Herrington 
 J C Morrison 
 George B Moshers 
 J W Robinson 
 Joseph Watson 
 Levi Grunsby 
 Benj Tabler 
 John Dillon 
 John G Myers 
 Lindsey Hooker 
 Daniel Williams 
 Lewis Copsey 
 Thomas H Brasheno 
 John Fickle 
 Lawrence J Filsome 
 Bartholomew W Wilson 
 Joshua P Santmyne 
 Clinton f razer 
 William W Wilson 
 William Spear 
 M Hamilton 
 M Batsner 
 Francis Whitebrcad 
 JHak 
 J Murray 
 S Young 
 J C Roberts 
 J C Christman 
 Joseph Patterson 
 CAB Phelps 
 Robert Williams 
 Josh Garrison 
 Jo<h Debeuque 
 Allen Overly 
 
 William Fortition 
 John J O'Donnell 
 James Welsh 
 John Alexander 
 Walter .Scott 
 Henry Boyle 
 Michael O'Loughlln 
 Florence McCarty 
 
 Daniel Wills 
 
 1st Sergt. Thomas Willi»as 
 
 CorpI. Henry D Sitner 
 
 " William Ferry 
 
 " Daniel B Baker 
 Art. John Weins 
 Richard J Shephni\l 
 Thomas S Perkins 
 Amos Kingsley 
 Bradly Laud 
 John AicFarne 
 John Thompson 
 Robert Kugan 
 Henry Wutts 
 Harvey Gamperd 
 John Miller 
 Lewis Russell 
 Francis Fletcher 
 Frederick Wissail 
 Sergt. Stewart Dougherty 
 
 " Dixon Ashworth 
 
 " Orlando B Miles 
 CorpI. Nel Chamberlain 
 JidiU Storm 
 William Adams 
 James McNulty 
 Henry Varner 
 Moses Gleason 
 Banva Upton 
 Edgar Watson 
 Francis J Slathaa 
 Francis Oestrioh 
 Henry Haldman 
 John O'Brien 
 Harry Aberlee 
 Amos Barilhart 
 William Campbell 
 
BATTLES OF MEXICO. 
 
 93 
 
 fotn Childerg 
 Cornelius CrowJey 
 John Hiniilton 
 William Myers 
 Philip Ryan 
 
 William Kenny- 
 Charles F E Hyer 
 Edward Zimmerman 
 
 Sdvrard Quia 
 Isaac Traoy 
 
 iBt. Lieut. Levi Cautt 
 Sergt. William A Morrison 
 Carpi. James Tieruey 
 Michael £lwood, mus. 
 
 Capt. Silas Casey 
 
 Ist Lieut. N l,yon 
 
 Corpl. Robert Bailey 
 " William Bond 
 ■ William Evans 
 
 F MoNaliy 
 
 John Keely 
 
 George Martin 
 
 John Wallace 
 
 Corpl. Ellis 
 
 Stevenson 
 
 William Feather 
 
 Titus S Gillow 
 
 William Hughes 
 
 Ervin Levin 
 
 Patrick Gallagher 
 
 John Daly 
 
 Hiram J^hippey 
 
 Richard G Martin 
 
 Stephen L House 
 John Pierce 
 
 1 Patrick Morron 
 [Henry MnCampbill 
 iThoma.i ".Mcaaru 
 iI.»,onard Elias 
 I'Uavid Jermon 
 
 Eii Gable 
 
 Charles McKinne 
 
 Jacob Varnes 
 
 Jos Butterfield 
 
 MISSING 
 
 I John Witty 
 I John Venator 
 
 SECOND BRIGADE 
 KILLED 
 I John M Nash 
 I Patrick Sheridan 
 I Lewis Kinhart 
 I William Steinson 
 
 WOUNDED. 
 
 William T Ray 
 Thomas Graham 
 Lewis Hastings 
 lohn Kavanagh 
 Patrick Kelly 
 John Sample 
 Daniel Lanahan 
 John Lynch 
 James Sullivan 
 John Steevier 
 Samuel iNoble 
 Nicholas C James 
 Patrick McKenna 
 Jacob Miller 
 Abraham Sammons 
 Capt. Thomas Handey 
 Charles Clark 
 Benjamin Little 
 Sergt. Asabel H Wells 
 
 MISSING. 
 
 lOcorge Frinfe 
 Thoir jh'arlan* 
 
 Charlc, J Truman 
 Frederick A ColliM 
 Elliott Ellnier 
 Daniel Smith 
 Daniel Wise 
 
 John Montgomery 
 Theodore Woodbury 
 
 Joseph NGamett 
 Keyran Temple 
 Richard Shore 
 Neill Donnelly 
 
 Thomas Rose, mus 
 John Brown 
 Daniel Carr 
 Peter Kerr 
 Alexander Beebe 
 Augustus Walker 
 Corpl. William AndenM 
 Francis H Fox 
 John Mcj;,aughlin 
 Thomas Navy 
 James Lilly 
 Joseph Gilhully 
 Patrick Murphy 
 Charles Howard 
 John Barnes 
 George F Flegg 
 Juhn Hughes 
 Patrick Murphy 
 
 Total 
 
 I Michael Oilmwt 
 ' rr;, J «,. .™. I David Mays* 
 
 -Killed 36; Wounded 104 ; Missing IG. 
 
 THIRD DIVISION-MAJ. GEN PILl/JW. 
 
 '^'^If? "-U^' ^''^Jf^' •"'^'''*'^«'^. «^^'^ missmsr, of the Third Divisum, comnumo^ 
 ed Ml Major General PiUmo, during tJw. attack on Chapuitepcc and the cilg 
 of Mexico on the Uth and iith September^ 1 347. 
 
 WOUNDEft 
 
 Major Gen. Gideon J Pillow I , Lieut. G T Bea,reg«I 
 
 FiKsr Artillert, Co. I— Fikld Battery. 
 
 WOUNDED. 
 
 Capt. J B Magraudfir 
 Paul Dalym 
 
 I Edmond Lanergan 
 ! J Uonelly 
 
 I Anthony Kreiss 
 William U-.TTiak 
 
$4 
 
 BATTLES OF MEXICO. 
 
 CoL T B Rsngotn 
 Btrgt. George C Sp«neet 
 C«rrs\. John Ballenuv 
 
 Oeorge W King, mns, 
 ETPike 
 
 Charles B Horse^rell 
 Clark H Green 
 William March 
 James Mohan 
 Patrick Connars 
 William Welsli 
 
 Ninth Beoimbnt Ihfaktkt. 
 KILLED. 
 
 ( Corpl. George E Bamec 
 
 Foster 
 I Edaon 
 
 WOUNDED. 
 
 iRobert M Brown 
 N W King 
 Benjamin Osgood 
 N G Shett 
 William H White 
 H B Stone 
 (Charles Twist 
 
 iohn Doml 
 George B»a 
 
 John Weliten 
 John S Look 
 Isaac Ware 
 A Noyce 
 W A Brown 
 J Moody 
 J Bridget 
 
 FOTTBTBBNTH ReOIMENT INFANTRY 
 
 Benjamin Hall 
 Robert Arnold 
 
 Col. William Trousdale 
 Capt. J M Scantland 
 " Robert G Beale 
 Sd Lieut. Richard Steel 
 Robert W Bedford 
 SJergt. Wm M Bledsoe 
 Corpl. H Montgomery 
 
 John Crawford 
 Wm Doaring 
 
 Jopeph Grant 
 lolm Havilaad 
 
 Ckpt. B A King 
 
 Sergt. Jonathan Jones 
 
 Corpl Win Kech 
 « Jos McGill 
 " Harvey Lyon 
 
 Eaoa MeClaren 
 
 HFrick 
 £ Miller 
 
 Lient. Col. Jos E Johnson 
 Capt. Moses J Barnard 
 1st Lient James Tilton 
 lit Lieut Gangenecker, 
 M Lieut. J L Meno 
 
 " W J Martin 
 •oft. WPeU 
 
 KILLED. 
 
 WOUNDED. 
 
 Wm D Pharris 
 S Sutzenhizer 
 W F Beatiy 
 James Kennedj 
 Stewart White 
 Johr. Philand 
 Bolivar Vincent 
 
 MISSING. 
 
 I James McDerraott 
 John Blair 
 
 i H R Manning 
 
 I James M AIoneypMa^ 
 
 Calvin C Forob 
 A D Aujon 
 A Chadwick 
 John WilkinsoB 
 F Faoball 
 J Donelly 
 
 I WB Wmmi 
 
 FiFTBEMTH ReOIHEKT InFANTRT 
 
 KILLED. 
 
 I John Herrick 
 Henry W Stoy 
 
 WOUiNDED 
 
 I Jacob Ebcham 
 Seth Millington 
 Jonas Aa^temyer 
 Geo Momeny 
 Caleb B Sly 
 ■Marvin Ward 
 
 MissiNO— Harkin. 
 
 VOLTiacDR Reoihent 
 
 KILLED. 
 
 WOUNDED 
 
 J C Marbou 
 
 T S Gardner 
 
 H C Long 
 
 Corpl. H E Reed 
 M Finder 
 M Conway 
 J MoldooB 
 
 I James D KtBiO 
 
 Lewis Anderfoa 
 Christian Hammdl 
 Duncumb MeKlne<^ 
 Frank L Hartinav 
 Henry H«M 
 
 S Riehirdaea 
 N SaliikuT 
 
 Corpl R Coop« 
 ' J MeOowa 
 A Fair, mm 
 VT Banerof 
 E Brass 
 S MoCall 
 W H Fltihosh 
 
9' 
 
 BATTLES OF MEXICO 
 
 95 
 
 w Wood 
 V. Cox 
 w Dwyor 
 
 \V K Fletcher 
 J Amey 
 J Smith 
 CRodding 
 
 J»me8 Hall 
 JMedoalf 
 
 M Rain 
 G Spencer 
 C Miller 
 J Young 
 P Henry 
 D Doiigbney 
 J Deitt 
 
 MISSING. 
 
 T Wall*. 
 U Kusselt 
 K T Uoodeo 
 J H Malbon 
 J M Floyd 
 T H Gill 
 r Trumbk 
 
 J A Afaples 
 G Weygand 
 
 Total— Killed 21; wounded Ul ; miosing 10— 1«. Hwies— killed 9; w«aad«d^l& 
 
 FOURTH DIVISION— MAJ. GEN. QUITMAN. 
 
 Lut of ike kiUed, woimded, and missing, in the several actions near the eitf 
 
 on the lith and IWA September, 1847. 
 
 KILLED. 
 
 John Herbert 
 Matbew Banks 
 Thomas Kelly 
 1st Sergt \Vm Blocker 
 
 B F Mattijon 
 T Mc Henry 
 Corpl L Goode 
 W B Devlin 
 J Morwood 
 C Meyer 
 D H TreseTant 
 H Calahan 
 
 T Cooper ♦ 
 
 TLyles 
 
 WOUNDED. 
 
 J no Snyder 
 
 Corpl. A Patterson 
 E A Downey 
 F C McDermot 
 B F Daris 
 GWNeff 
 
 Se.fjt. David Meeklin 
 '• R McClelland 
 " George Decker 
 " Hugh Fiskill 
 " Chauey F Sergeant 
 
 Lieut. A S Towri.son 
 
 Corpl. William H Sogonr 
 
 Thomas Humphreys 
 
 John VauRon 
 
 James T Sample 
 
 John Beehter 
 
 .lolm Copehart 
 
 William Rice 
 
 Samuel E Major 
 
 Capt. E S Williams 
 Chris Sieb 
 
 J Palmer 
 
 M Flaxter 
 
 P Ward 
 
 C<^L Jacob Meyer 
 
 M Martin 
 
 John Patrick 
 
 J C Tunison 
 
 T Golden 
 
 Andrew Jelard 
 
 John Wright 
 
 John Seaman 
 
 Tbed Zimmermaa 
 
 John Homer 
 
 Corpl James WiUiaa* 
 
 Jos A Dennis 
 
 John Sha\r 
 
 John L Young 
 
 R Rodgers 
 J Cosgrore 
 E Woyer 
 
 SergL A Canimla* 
 McDonald, mns. 
 Millourn, mnn. 
 Maj. A H Gladdei 
 Act. Adj. M Clark* 
 SerRt. Maj. O T Glbl* 
 Thomas Gatbey 
 Sergt. R Payen 
 
 " J DnnnogMU 
 
 " WTripIett 
 M M Aduna 
 J Thomu 
 M Ward 
 
 Y Muller 
 
 Y Evans 
 J Only 
 Corpl. J Hood 
 
 Y Cabill 
 
 N R Evani 
 J Ferguson 
 
 Y Robins 
 C Ingram 
 H Lahert/ 
 
BATTLES OF MEXICO. 
 
 Bennttt 
 
 Sergt L B Wearer 
 
 Y" Anclerson 
 
 C H Keniijr 
 
 A. Delsny 
 
 2d Lieut. F Selloik 
 
 R Watsfin 
 
 Corpl. W L RoUgeM 
 
 J H SMXton 
 
 H J Caiighman 
 
 H rol.>ck 
 
 J D Stanford 
 
 Manning Brown 
 
 J Fitzsiiiimons 
 
 B Huicliin5on 
 
 J Kelly 
 
 UtLieiit ABO'Bannon 
 
 .2d I.ient C J Kirkland 
 
 J (i Atkinson 
 
 J K Parker 
 
 Capt. J H Williams 
 
 Sergt. J Calclbeeth 
 
 Corpl. J J Feagle 
 
 T Chaonian 
 
 J Graham 
 
 J C Higgins 
 
 D Brciwn 
 
 H Suber 
 
 A Little 
 
 R B Lyies 
 
 A Feagle 
 
 Lieut. CoU Charles Baxter, 
 
 dead 
 McGennis 
 
 Rowalt 
 
 Corpl. McGowen 
 
 Fife 
 
 Duncan 
 
 Waggoner 
 
 5d Lieut. Mayne 
 " Ucede 
 
 John F.ber 
 
 John Hunt 
 
 Ja.? Kelly 
 
 Corpl. John Hall 
 
 Job:i Kceber 
 
 CbaileB Newman 
 
 Capt. J Barclay 
 
 Capt. S W Peel 
 
 J White 
 
 John Russell 
 
 Corpl James Saxon 
 
 C Reyniansmyder 
 
 B Van Deif 
 
 Henry Uist 
 
 Sam Morjran 
 
 Wm Mendenhall 
 
 Arch Graham 
 
 1 N Hoods 
 
 Fr*l IMvers 
 
 Capt. .lames Miller 
 
 J Horn 
 
 James Bustard 
 Jcihn Solomon 
 Emiir M Davis 
 William Sn>der 
 William Smyth 
 M Hastson 
 H Thomas 
 Edward Blain 
 Lieut John Keefe 
 
 Jorpl. A J Jones 
 Wm Smyth 
 Jos Lutz 
 Thomas Davis 
 Chris JMalone 
 James Stewart 
 
 Wm Bishop 
 
 AVm Crabb 
 Capt James Caldwell 
 Josh Hamilton 
 John Keever 
 
 David Shire 
 
 Charles Epler 
 
 Benj.amin Shine 
 
 Lewis Bonnetts 
 
 Saxt'ere H.abbly 
 
 1st Lt and Adj D D Baker 
 " " AQM J S Devlin 
 
 -d Lt Ch-AH A Henderson 
 
 Ser^t Maj Jas Montgomery 
 
 Comy Sergt James Orr 
 
 Sergt John Roach 
 John Curran 
 W J Wilson 
 
 •' Graddisen L Tansill 
 'Seebeck 
 (Martin Fogg 
 iHugh Roiiey 
 
 John McGuignan 
 
 Philip Phoenis 
 
 Saml Williamson 
 
 Biggs 
 
 Connor 
 
 Francis Quinn 
 
 Thos B Smith 
 
 Klhafian Stevens 
 
 Edward Cooper 
 
 J Lions 
 
 Corpl John. Whaley 
 
 P Andereon 
 
 John Cassedy 
 
 Jas Smith 
 
 Jas Kenneda 
 
 1) Standeiwick 
 
 L Slrobill 
 
 11 'apt C H Pearson 
 
 Wm Connell 
 
 Y Donovatt 
 
 C) Calvert 
 
 J Davis 
 
 R Jenkin 
 
 iOLMaCowan 
 
 I2d Lient Bell 
 
 ;ergt J N EasUrty 
 |Cor;.l Bold 
 iK Hitchftlt 
 J Martin 
 Ip S Graham 
 C Rankin 
 C Anderson 
 W L Beadoti 
 2d Lieut J W Steea 
 N Scott 
 I) Nolan 
 James Walsh 
 2J Lieut J B Dayto 
 Sergt J VV Shett 
 S Camak 
 E Duke 
 VV S Tidwell 
 R J Barker 
 W Claxton 
 James M Craig 
 C J Gladney 
 J W Brittendenham 
 J E Odora 
 A Tunison 
 J B Glass 
 R S Morrison 
 J T Olneys 
 J Burke 
 G Barry 
 
 M Cohlin 
 
 H Hardenbrojk 
 
 W Tompkins 
 
 Capt D Hungcrford 
 
 1st Lieut Chas H Jan* 
 
 Strgt D Montgomery 
 
 Corpl Chas ThompsoB 
 
 Owen Elwood 
 
 Thos Healey 
 
 John McKinns 
 
 John Snyder 
 
 V Van Slyke 
 
 James H:irt 
 
 Sergt John Duffy 
 
 Pat Koney 
 
 O Hanzel 
 
 iMichael Butler, deaJ 
 
 Capt M Fairchild 
 
 Lieut J W Green 
 
 1st i^ergt Barker 
 
 .Thos L Decker 
 
 Jas Franklin 
 
 Geo Pemberton 
 
 John L Gardner 
 
 i& Heudriok 
 
 'Wa» Di-l" 
 
 Robertson 
 
 GeoThistleton 
 Sergt John M \XM 
 Corpl Clipole Et«t«Q 
 Alex Cook 
 J Woodwud 
 
. ua 
 
-^^-Xi