Class 
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 COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 
 
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 A® GUIDE® TO Xhe Same 
 
 AND VICINITY 
 
 WITH 
 MAPS & ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 SMITH,BLEAKLEY&©. 
 
 853 BROADWAY NEW YORK 
 
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PLACES OF INTEREST 
 
 Grace Church, 
 
 Broadway and loth st 
 
 New York Hiatorical Society, 
 
 3nd av and nth >t 
 
 The Bible House, 
 
 4th av , 8th and 9th sU 
 
 Astor Library, I^fayelle |)l 
 
 Wasliington Arch, 
 
 Sth av., at Washington »q 
 
 Cooper Institute, ^tU av and 7lh si 
 
 St. Augustine Chapel, 
 
 Houston St., near Bowery 
 
 Ludlow Street Jail, 
 
 Ludlow St., near Grand 
 
 Mulberry Bend, 
 
 Mulbei-ry St., near Bayard 
 
 Five Points Mission, 
 
 Worth St., bet. Parl< & Baxter 
 
 Newsboys' Lodging House, 
 
 Park Row & New Chambers «t 
 
 The Tombs, 
 
 Centre, bet. Leonard & Franklin 
 
 B^ast River Suspension Bridge, 
 
 Park Row 
 
 County Court House, 
 
 Broadway and Chambers st 
 
 City Hall, 
 
 Brv)adway, opp. Warren st 
 
 Post Office, 
 
 Broadway and Park Rcw 
 
 The Astor House, 
 
 Broadway and Veaey it 
 
 St. Paul's Chapel, 
 
 Broadway and Veaey .it 
 
 John St. Methodist Church, 
 
 4.^ John st 
 
 Western Union Telegi*aph Co. 
 
 Broadway and Dey st 
 
 Real Estate Exchange, 
 
 57 Liberty st 
 
 Chamber of Commerce, 
 
 Broadway and Cedar st 
 
 l^iuilable Building, 
 
 Biy>adway and Pine 91 
 
 Trinity Churcli, 
 
 Broadway op. Wall st 
 
 Slock Exchange, 
 
 Broad and Wall sis 
 
 Petroleum Exchange, 
 
 Broadway and Exchange pi 
 
 Maritime Exchange, 
 
 Bowling Green and Beaver st 
 
 Produce Exchange, 
 
 Bowling Green 
 
 Barge OHfice, Battery Park 
 
 byJ.BuLTl 6S0 (h7n¥jui'upMf^^vib\j-iff\njr vm./ 
 
 COPyPieMT 1892, BY 6EOFG£ f. SMITH. 
 
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AMUSenENTS. 
 
 Amberg Thftatre. 
 
 E i5lh al and Irving pi 
 Berkeley Lyceum, 
 
 W 44th St.. near 5th av 
 Bijou Theatre. 
 
 Broadway, near joth 9I 
 Broadway 'theatre, 
 
 Bn>adway and 41st at 
 Carnegie Hall, W sTih St and 7th a» 
 Casino, Broadway and 39th at 
 Clilckerintc Hall, 5II1 av and iSlh at 
 Columbus Theatre, 
 
 E i35(h St and Lexington a» 
 Dalya Theatre, 
 
 Broadway and 30th at 
 Eden Musee, W J3rd St., near iSth a» 
 ElRhlh Street Theatre, 
 
 E 8lh St., near Broadway 
 Fifth Avenue 1 heatre, 
 
 Broadway and s8th st 
 Fourteenth Street Theatre, 
 
 W 14th at., near 6th av 
 Garden Theatre, 
 
 Madison av ajid 27th st 
 Grand Opera House, 
 
 8th av and 33rti st 
 Hardnian Hall, sth av., near i8th st 
 Hariem Opera House, 
 
 W 135th at , near 7th av 
 Harlem Theatre, 
 
 E ijsth St., near 3d av 
 HarriRSn's Theatre, 
 
 W 35th St., near (kh av 
 Herrmnn's Theatre, 
 
 Broadway, near 29th st 
 Jacobs' Third Avenue Theatre, 
 
 3rd = 
 
 - 3ist ! 
 
 ; Hia 
 
 Lexington Av Opera House, 
 
 sath St., near 3rd av 
 l,oiidon Theatre, 335 & 937 Bowery 
 Lyceum Theatre, 
 
 4th av., near 33rd st 
 Lyric Hall, 723 6th av 
 Madison Square Theatre, 
 
 W 34th St.. near Broadway 
 Madison Square Garden, 
 
 Madison av and a6th st 
 ManhaHan Opera House, 
 
 W 34lh St., near Broadway 
 Metropolitan Opera House, 
 
 Broadway and 39th st 
 Miner's Theatre, 
 
 Bowery, near Bnwme 
 Miner's Theatre, 310 Sth av 
 Nlblo's Garden, 
 
 Broadway, near Pi-ince st 
 Palmer's Theatre, 
 
 Broadway and 30th SI 
 I'ark Theatre, 
 
 Broadway and 3stb st 
 People's Theatre, 
 
 Bowery, near Spring st 
 Proctor's Theatre, 
 
 W 33rd St., near 6th av 
 Standard Theatre, 
 
 Broadway, near 33rd st 
 Star Theatre, Broadway and 13th at 
 Sleinway Hall, 
 
 Ei4lh St., near 4th av 
 ThaUa Tliealre, 
 
 Bowery, near Canal st 
 Tony Pastor's Theatre, 
 
 E .4th St., near 3rd av 
 Union Square Theatre. 
 
 Union sq., near Broadway 
 Wiodaor Theatre. 
 
 Bowery, near Canal st 
 
 ftKOTHST I I 
 
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 ■ :} 1 ■ NINTH 
 
PRINCIPAL HOTELS 
 
 Aberdeen. B'way & a>»t. 
 Albemarle, BVav and ajlh. 
 Allman House, 67 E loth- 
 Ashland, 4th av and 54th. 
 Aslor House, B way "P I ■ " 
 Barrett House, BVay and 43d. 
 Belvedere, 4th av and iSth. 
 Belmont 141 Fulton «• 
 Brevoort House, i. Fifth av. 
 Bradfoi-d, 65 Eleventh St. 
 Bristol, i; E- "th. 
 BrxTadwavCentr-aUj.ffway. 
 Brower House, n W. sSth. 
 Bucldneham, 5th av and solh. 
 CsmbWage, 334 F'/th a»- . . 
 Canda House, .7 Laf^y^'* P'- 
 Clarendon, 4lh ^v. and i8lh. 
 
 Coleman House, Broadway 61 37<n 
 
 Colonnade, 7^6 Broadwav. 
 
 Complon House, 3d av. & 34"! 
 
 Continental, 902 Broadway. 
 
 Cosmo|)olitan, Chambers and W. 
 B'way. 
 
 Crook's, 118 Park row. 
 
 Dclmonico's, Madison bq 
 
 Earle's, Canal cor Centie. 
 
 Everett House, 4th av and 17th. 
 
 Fifth Ave.. 5lh av and 23d. 
 
 Gednev House, B way and 40th. 
 
 Cerlacli, 55 W. aytli, 
 
 Gllsey House, B way and aoth. 
 
 Gladstone. 8lh Ave and sQth bl 
 
 Gramercy Park. E aoth n. 3d av. 
 
 Grand, B'way and 31st. 
 
 Grand Union, 4th av. and jii- 
 
 Holland House, 5th av and 30th st. 
 
 Hoffman House, mi B'way. 
 
 Hotel Albeit, ..IhnrB way. 
 
 Hotel America, lr\ing pi. and 1511 
 
 Hotel Bartholdi. B'way and 23d. 
 
 Hotel Bristol, sih av and 4ad. 
 
 Hotel Brunswick. 235 Fifth av. 
 
 Hotel Dam, 104 E. 15th. 
 
 Hotel de Lugcrol, 5th av and iSth 
 
 Hotel d'l Europe, 337 E. 14th. 
 
 Hotel Devonshire, 42d n Mad av. 
 
 Hotel F-spanol, 116 w. i4tb. 
 
 Hotel Glenham, 155 Fifth av. 
 
 Hotel Hamilton, 284 W. ijslh 
 
 Hotel Imperial, B'way and 32d. 
 
 Hotel Kensington, jlh av and 15th 
 
 Hotel Marlborough, B'way & 36th. 
 
 Hotel Martin, 21 University pi. 
 
 Hotel Metropole, B'way 
 
 Hotel Monico, 7 E. 181K. 
 
 Hotel Nnrmandie, B'way & 38th 
 
 Hotel St. George. 49 F, 12th. 
 
 Hotel St. Marc 432 Fifth av. 
 
 Hotel St. Stephen, 46 E. nth. 
 
 Hotel Vendome, B'way and 
 
 Hotel Waldorf, 5th av & 33d St. 
 
 Hotel Wellington, 42d & Mad. av. 
 
 Hotel Winthrop, Tthavand laslh. 
 
 International, 17 Park row. 
 
 Lafayette House, 7 Lafayette pi. 
 
 Langham, 5th av & 5«d. 
 
 Leggetta, 76 Park row. 
 
 Lenox House, 72 Fitth av. 
 
 Madison Ave., Mad. av and 58th. 
 
 Madison Square, Mad. av and 27th 
 
 Metropolitan, B'way and lYince. 
 
 Morton House, B'way and 14th. 
 
 Mt. Morris, 3d av and 130th. 
 
 Murray Hill, Park av and 40th. 
 
 New Vork, 721 B'wav. 
 
 New Amsterdam, 4th av & 2i8t. 
 
 New Netherland, sIh av & 59th. 
 
 Occidental, Broome and Bowery. 
 
 Oriental, B'way and 39th. 
 
 Parker House, B'way & 34th. 
 
 Park Aveiiue, Park av and 33d. 
 
 Pla?a, 5th av and 59th. 
 
 Putnam, 363 4lh av. 
 
 Revere, 606 Broadway. 
 Savoy, 5th av sglh 
 S(. Charles, 648 Broadway. 
 St. Cloud, Broadway and 42d. 
 St. Denis, Broadway and nth. 
 St. James, Broadway and 36th. 
 SI. Marc, 445 ilh Av 
 St. Nicholas. B'way and \V 
 St. Omer, 6th av and 23rd 
 Shelbourne, 34th and 3rd av 
 Sherwood, stn av and 44tli, 
 Sinclair House, 754 Broadway 
 Smith & McNeil's, 197 Washington. 
 Spingler House University pi., 14th 
 Stirling, 73 5th av. 
 Sturtevant, 1186 Broadway. 
 Sweeney's, 23 Duane 
 Tremont, 663 Broadway 
 Union Square, 16 Union sq 
 United Stales, Fulton and Water 
 VanderbiJt, 42d and Lexington av 
 Victoria, 5th av and 37th 
 Westminster, Irving pi and i6th 
 Windsor, 5th av anB 46th 
 
 lircLvrn hy J. Hart 
 
\^^A%\^A^'A ' w - w - '^ - -^ 
 
 -IHPICTORIHLI*- 
 
 iirt lift s If §©tlf i| 
 

 CONTENTS. 
 
 NEW YORK CITY. 
 
 Page. 
 
 The Harbor • 9 
 
 The Battery to Trinity Church 16 
 
 Wall Street 25 
 
 Broadway and its Neighborhood — from Wall Street to Union Square 31 
 
 Fifth Avenue and its Neighborhood 57 
 
 Central Park 77 
 
 Morningside and Riverside Parks — General Grant's Tomb — Washington and High Bridges 
 
 —The Harlem River 89 
 
 BROOKLYN. 
 
 Fulton Street — Plymouth Chm-ch — East River Bridge Terminus — City HaU — Kings 
 County Court House — Municipal Building — Statue of Henry Ward Beecher — Fort 
 Greene — Raymond Street Jail — City Hospital — Academies of Music and Design — 
 Long Island Historical Society — Church of the Pilgrims — Brooklyn Tabernacle — 
 
 Clinton Avenue — Navy Yard — United States Naval Lyceum — Naval Hospital 95 
 
 Prospect Park — Memorial Arch — Carriage Concourse — Ocean Parkway, etc 106 
 
 Greenwood Cemetery — The Main Enti-ance — The John Matthews' Monument — Bronze 
 Bust of Horace Greeley— Chapel Monument to Miss Mary Dancer — The James Gor- 
 don Bennett Statuary Group, etc. , etc 107 
 
 Coney Island — HctH'? and A nusemAnts — Rockaway Beach — Long Beach, Babylon 110 
 
 Jersey Coast 113 
 
 Hudson River 115 
 
 . Looking Backwab 120 
 
 'iE: i.RAL INFORMATION. 
 
 Amusements — Banks — Baggage Inspection — Charities and Corrections — Churches — 
 Elevated Railroads — Express Service — Fine Arts — Fire Department — Foreign 
 Consuls — Hack and Cab Fares — Health Department— Hotels — Law Courts — Leading 
 Clubs — Libraries — Markets — Messenger Service — National Guard — Newspapers — 
 Postal Information — Police Department — Races — Restaurants — Routes of Travel — 
 Societies — Sports — Street Car Lines — Telegraph and Cable Rates — Tiirkish and 
 Russian Baths — Telephone — Waterway Transportation — Yachting — Population 
 of Large Cities 125 
 
 Looking Forward 169 
 
 Copyright 1892, by George F. Smith 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Statue of Liberty Frontispiece. 
 
 The Obelisk— Central Park Title Page. 
 
 U. S. S. Chicago — in the Upper Bay ... 9 
 
 View from the East River Bridge 11 
 
 Governor's Island 13 
 
 The Battery 15 
 
 U. S. Barge Office 16 
 
 Produce Exchange— Bowling Green 19 
 
 Trinity Church 21 
 
 Trinity Church from Wall Street 23 
 
 A Public Meeting on the Steps of the 
 
 Sub-Treasury 24 
 
 Drexel Building and Stock Exchange . . 25 
 
 The Mills' Building— Broad Street 27 
 
 A Morning Stroll down Broadway 29 
 
 Statue of Ben Franklin— Park Row 31 
 
 St. Paul's Chapel— Broadway 33 
 
 Street Railway Terminus — Park Row . . 35 
 
 County Court House 36 
 
 City Hall 37 
 
 Post-Office and Times Building — Park 
 
 Row 39 
 
 World, Sun and Tribune — Portrait of 
 
 Horace Greeley 41 
 
 East River Suspension Bridge 43 
 
 Foot-path — East River Bridge 44 
 
 Mulberry Bend 46 
 
 Chatham Square 48 
 
 Essex Street 49 
 
 Grace Church 51 
 
 Statue of Lafayette— Union Square 53 
 
 Statue of Washington — Union Square . . 55 
 
 Fifth Avenue Omnibus 56 
 
 The Washington Arch 57 
 
 Afternoon — Madison Square 59 
 
 Madison Square Garden 61 
 
 The New Herald Building 63 
 
 Thirty-thu-d Street Uptown Station, 
 
 Sixth Avenue Elevated Railroad. . . 64 
 
 Metropolitan Opera House 65 
 
 Grand Central Railroad Depot 66 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Manhattan Athletic Club 67 
 
 Temple Emanu-El 68 
 
 St. Patrick's Cathedral 71 
 
 Vanderbilt Houses 72 
 
 Seventh Regiment Armory 73 
 
 Eighth Regiment Armory 75 
 
 The Bridle-path— Central Park 76 
 
 Boat House on the Lake — Central Park. 77 
 
 The Menagerie — Central Park 79 
 
 Sea Lions — Central Park 80 
 
 Statue of Shakespeare — Central Park. . . 81 
 
 The Terrace— Central Park 82 
 
 Bethesda Fountain — Central Park 84 
 
 Metropolitan Museum of Art — Central 
 
 Park 87 
 
 View on the Lake — Central Park 89 
 
 Riverside Park Sketches 91 
 
 Washington Bridge — Harlem River 92 
 
 City Hall and Court House — Brooklyn . 94 
 
 View in Prospect Park — Brooklyn 95 
 
 Statue of Henry Ward Beecher — Brook- 
 lyn 97 
 
 Weschler and Abraham's Store — Brook- 
 lyn 99 
 
 The Approach to Fort Greene — Brooklyn 100 
 
 Brooklyn Tabernacle — Brooklyn 101 
 
 A Dock at the Navy Yard— Brooklyn. . . 103 
 Memorial Arch — Er trance to Prospect 
 
 Park— Brooklyn 107 
 
 Main Entrance o Greenwood Cemetery 
 
 — Brooklyi 109 
 
 Manhattan Be? Hotel— Coney Island. 110 
 Bathing at ~V ""^ighton- Coney Is- 
 land Ill 
 
 The Jersey Cob jading 113 
 
 Hudson River i nboat 115 
 
 The Palisades on .;he Hudson River. ... 116 
 View from West Point— Hudson River. 117 
 Washington's Headquarters— Newburg 
 — Hudson River 119 
 
 MAPS. 
 
 New York— Section 1— From the Battery to Fourteenth Street. 
 
 New York— Section 2— From Fourteenth to Fifty-ninth Streets. 
 
 New York— Section 3— From Fifty-ninth to One Hundred and Tenth Streets. 
 
 New York— Section 4— From One Hundred and Tenth to Two Hundred and Fourth Streets. 
 
 New York— Section 5— From Two Hundred and Fourth Street to City Line. 
 
 The Harbor and Suburbs of New York and Brooklyn— Page 8. 
 
 Brooklyn — Opposite Page 94. 
 
 The Illustrations and Maps are from Drawings and Photographs made expressly for this -work. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The picturesque points of interest in any of the great capitals of the 
 world of necessity bear a certain resemblance to each other. This resem- 
 blance, however slight it may be, arises from the fact that the needs and 
 conveniences of mankind are the same all the world over. 
 
 But there are points of difference as well, owing- to the influence of race, 
 climate and nationality^ and it is to these that the value of pictorial illustra- 
 tion IS due. 
 
 The City of New York now takes metropolitan rank. It is no longer a 
 provincial town ; it is a great city, classing with London, Paris, Berlin and 
 Vienna. 
 
 For this reason it seems to the publishers that there is room for a 
 thoroughly artistic Guide to New York and Brooklyn, which sister cities, 
 like human twins, are the same at the core, although perhaps, different in 
 outward development. The guide books hitherto published are merely 
 collections, more or less correct, of bare facts, in some instances emphasized 
 by sketches equally bare. 
 
 In order to raise the present publication above this level, the publishers 
 engaged Mr. Charles Lotin Hildreth, the well-known poet and essayist, and 
 Mr. Frederic Lyster, whose literary work is known all over the English 
 speaking world, to write the descriptive narrative in which the topographical 
 information necessary to a perfect guide book is conveyed in a current style, 
 which, while thoroughly correct in detail, is never dry. 
 
 The artistic department, which is really the main feature of the work, 
 has been executed under the personal supervision, and mostly from the 
 designs, of Mr. George Smith, whose mere name is a guarantee of excellence. 
 
 A peculiar feature of this publication is shown in the sectional maps, 
 which have been prepared with anxious care and accuracy. They are easily 
 understood, and legibl}' inscribed. 
 
 It may, perhaps, be thought that the size of the book is too great, but it 
 must be remembered that art has its limits, and that a miciuscopic picture is 
 seldom effective ; a certain space is necessary for pictorial dignity, and clear 
 type is soothing to eyes weary with sight-seeing. 
 
 The proper place for an Artistic Guide Book is the study table, and the 
 proper way to lay out the day's doings is on the evening before by the glow 
 of the lamp. Thi« book is planned to be not only a guide to the feet, but a 
 light to the eyes. 
 
 Of course, the plan of the work includes the mention of business names, 
 but its value depends upon the disinterested character of that mention. The 
 publishers, therefore, pledge themselves that no consideration has governed 
 the notice of places of business or amusement, except that of giving the reader 
 
PEEFACE. 7 
 
 reliable information, and for this reason also it has been decided to refuse all 
 offers of advertisements, however tempting. 
 
 It has also seemed fitting to abstain from critical remarks on the various 
 merits or demerits of the styles of performance given in the places of amuse- 
 ment mentioned in their proper places. Tastes differ, and what is pleasing to 
 Smith may be abhorrent to Jones, and barely tolerable to Robmson. So the 
 places are given, the manner of work to be seen is stated, and the reader is 
 left to his own judgment, on the principle " You pay 3'our money and you 
 take your choice." 
 
 Likewise, long dry-as-dust statistics and history have been sparingly 
 used. The "Pictorial New York and Brooklyn" aims rather to set these 
 cities before the reader as they are now than as they were of old. That is 
 work for archaeologists, and more becoming to the pages of a magazine than 
 to those of an artistic and literary topographical book. 
 
 Neither has it been deemed wise to indulge in high-flown boastings on 
 the greatness of the twin cities ; nor in disquisitions of our magnificence to 
 come. Our metropolis, with its attendant sister cit}', can afford to speak for 
 themselves in our pages. 
 
 New York and Brooklyn, combined, stand so immeasurably at the head 
 of American cities, that even this trifling allusion to an uncontro verted and 
 incontrovertible fact is a work of supererogation. 
 
 In conclusion, the editor calls attention to one important fact, which has 
 been carefully studied and sedulously attended to. 
 
 The difficulties attending such a production, in a city that is forced by 
 nature to extend its bounds longitudinally, and is, therefore, a scene of constant 
 change, are almost insurmountable, and, to keep up to date in a community 
 that is perpetually stretching out its tentacles in search of " fresh fields and 
 pastures new," strongly savors of the task of Sisyphus. Nevertheless, the 
 attempt has been made, and the publishers are fain to think, with success. 
 "That, however, remains for the reader to determine. One thing is certain : no 
 time, pains nor money, have been grudged to make Pictorial New York and 
 Brooklyn as perfect as a book can be, both in accuracy of information and 
 picturesqueness of showing; and so " vogue la galere ! " 
 
 The Editor. 
 
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New York City. 
 
 r. S. S. CHICAGO 
 
 IN THE UPPER BAY 
 
 THE HARBOR. 
 
 3^ew York: Harbor is divided into two portions, knovm as the Upper 
 Bay, roughlv circular in form, about six miles in diameter, measuring 
 from the Batterv to the northernmost point of Staten Island, and ahnost 
 entirely land-locked— and the Lower Bay, a rude isosceles triangle with its 
 base to the South, and measuring something over twelve miles from the Isar- 
 
10 THE HARBOR. 
 
 rows to Port Monmouth on the New Jersey shore. On a clear, crisp day in 
 autumn, when the air is as pellucid, as crystal, and the broad expanse of water 
 flashes and sparkles in the sun, and the waves, deep green in the hollows, 
 break into snowy crests of foam; when the scattered clouds, amber-hued and 
 silver-fring-ed, lie motionless in the violet sky, like tall galleons becalmed in a 
 tropic sea; when the sailing vessels seem resting upon the surface of the 
 element like water-fowl with expanded wings, or moving slowly before the 
 gentle wind, and the dark bulks of steamers trail their long pennons of 
 smoke behind them, or heavily laden excursion boats, with gay flags and 
 streamers, and bands playing the last popular air or waltz, pass swiftly on 
 their way to the many sea-side resorts on Long Island or the New Jersey 
 coast — on such a day New York harbor presents a picture not soon to be 
 forgotten. 
 
 Fire Island beach, Long Island and its beacon are generally the first 
 objects sighted by incoming vessels, and it is from this beacon that the ap- 
 proach of ships is signalled to New York City. Fire Island has of late years 
 become a very fashionable sea-side watering place, and^large hotels and rows 
 of cottages dot the sands of what was, not many years since, a dreary and 
 desolate bank, the home of a few adventurous fishermen, not too scrupulous 
 as wreckers and the terror of shipmasters. 
 
 Sandy Hook lies to the southwest, and as the vessel continues on its 
 course, threading the channel among dangerous spits and hidden shoals, the 
 passenger observes, by day, a long smoke-like streak upon the horizon, and 
 by night two brilliant lights close together. The streak is Sandy Hook, a 
 long curved strip of sand, shifting yesuv by 3'ear, and even month by month, 
 under the combined influence of wind and water; and the two lights are the 
 twin beacons on the Navesink Highlands, a line of bold bluffs, separated from 
 the Hook by a narrow stream called the Shrewsbury River. As the incoming 
 steamer swiftly advances the passenger will notice on the Hook, near which 
 he will pass, a lighthouse, two beacons, a telegraph tower, from which also 
 ships are signaled, a fort partly finished — and never to be finished, probably, 
 owing to the insecurity of the sandy foundation — used for target practice with 
 heavy ordnance by the Government, and a dreary waste of sand sparsely cov- 
 ered with scrub oaks and stunted pines among which stand a few summer cot- 
 tages. ■ Just beyond the Hook is an indentation in the coast called Sand}^ 
 Hook Ba3% and beyond it, to the west, a second indentation known as Raritan 
 Bay. Into this latter empties the Raritan River and Arthur Kill which, with 
 the Kill Von Kull, forms a long narrow strait separating Staten Island from 
 the New Jersey coast. 
 
 :Norton's Point, the western extremity of that most popular of re- 
 sorts, Coney Island, next comes into view on the right hand, with its collection 
 of hotels, pavilions, saloons and restaurants. The steamer has now turned 
 northward, following the channel and is moving up the Lower Bay, having 
 Coney Island on the east and Staten Island on the west. On the east the 
 shore makes a deep curve called Gravesend Bay, and the green slopes are 
 dotted with villas and farms, with two pretty villages, Bensonhurst-by-the- 
 Sea and Bath Beach. 
 
12 THE HARBOE. 
 
 Staten Island, as we have said, is now on the passenger's left hand. 
 It is a large island, some fourteen or fifteen miles in its longest diameter,, 
 somewhat resembling a leg of mutton in outline, and rising in hills of moder- 
 ate height towards the center. Its political designation is Richmond County ; 
 it is a portion of New York State, and contains some of the oldest hamlets 
 and houses in this section of the country. Just off the coast of Staten Island 
 are the Upper and Lower Quarantine. The Ship Illinois, anchored off shore 
 from May to November, is the first station of the quarantine service, and 
 from this ship all vessels from infected ports are boarded by the health 
 officers. Three miles above the Illinois are two islets artificially made on 
 sunken reefs, known as Swinburn and Hoffman Islands. On the former is 
 situated the hospital for contagious diseases, while passengers from ports 
 where infectious diseases are rife are quarantined for a certain period on the 
 latter island. Staten Island has many places of interest for the foreigner, 
 chief among them being the famous "Sailor's Snug Harbor," an institution, 
 most liberally endowed, providing for the care of old seamen of all nation- 
 alities, and affording them a comfortable home for the waning years of their 
 lives. There are several places of public resort and amusement on the island, 
 among them St. Georges, which is also the home of Erastus Wiman, who 
 from his great wealth and influence has been jestingly called "The King of 
 Staten Island." 
 
 Tlie Narro-ws is a contracted strait, about two and one-half miles 
 long, between the northeastern corner of Staten Island and the Long Island 
 shore where the waters of the Upper Bay pour themselves into the Lower. 
 The Narrows is the gateway for ocean travel, and frequently a dozen large 
 steamers and twice as many sailing vessels, not to speak of smaller craft of 
 all descriptions, may be seen breasting its turbulent waters coming or going- 
 from the metropolis. On the left hand, at the narrowest point, is Fort Wads- 
 worth, a structure of stone supplemented by a system of earthworks on the 
 hill above ; while opposite, within short cannon shot, on the Long Island side, 
 is Fort Hamilton. Between the two, built upon an islet a little to one side of 
 the main channel, is another fortification, built in 1812, and used to incarcer- 
 ate political prisoners during the late civil war, known as Fort Lafayette. 
 
 Tlie Upper, or ]>Jew York Bay, opens out from the Narrows, and 
 shows itself, at a glance, to be one of the safest and most commodious 
 harbors in the world. To the left lies the New Jersey shore, in a long 
 curve dotted with handsome villages, placed so close together, that they 
 literally form a string of dwellings and factories, connecting with Jersej'' 
 City proper at the head of the harbor. The same may be said of the Long 
 Island shore. Bay Ridge, at- the upper entrance to the Narrows, to which 
 runs a regular line of boats from the city, and which is the terminus or the^ 
 main system of Coney Island Railroads, is loosely tied to South Brookljm hj 
 a straggling collection of dwellings, warehouses and other edifices, but is- 
 really a part of Brooklyn itself. At Bay Ridge the passenger will observe,, 
 particularly during the summer and early fall, a large fleet of yachts at 
 anchor or in motion, from the smallest cat-boat to the largest steamer 
 devoted to the uses of pleasure. As he passes this point the Long Island 
 
 I 
 
THE HARBOR. 
 
 13 
 
 shore slopes away in a curve, call Gowanus Bay, crowded with shipping-, 
 through whose forest-like masts he will catch a glimpse of the spires and 
 piled up buildings of Brooklyn, and a little to the left, straight ahead, he will 
 see, laving its feet in the green waters of the Bay, the vast metropolis, 
 towering upwards in a mountain of stone and brick, upon whose crest he may 
 distinguish the square tower of the Produce Exchange, the roof of the 
 Elevated Railway, and Western Union Telegraph Buildings, Trinity spire, 
 and other giant edifices. 
 
 Xlie Statue of I^iberty Enlig^litetiins: tlie 'World, by the 
 French sculptor, Auguste Bartholdi, which is finely illustrated by the 
 frontispiece to this volume, will first catch the visitor's eye. This wonderful 
 <jreation of human genius is by far the largest statue ever erected. It 
 rises out of the Bay like some giant guardian, silently watching over the 
 city at its feet, tireless and sleepless, as the years roll by. The figure itself 
 is of bronze, and was presented to the American people by the French 
 nation in token of amity and good-will. It was unveiled with appropriate 
 ceremonies, October 28, 1886. It represents the figure of a woman holding 
 a lighted torch in her uplifted arm above her head. The statue proper is 
 151 feet in height, the stone pedestal which supports it, with its foundation, 
 is 155 feet in height, so that the combined altitude is 306 feet. The cost of the 
 statue was $200,000, and that of the pedestal was $300,000. The statue was 
 paid for by the French people, while the pedestal was erected by the aid of 
 
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 i^-si'>HkJi^.^'>^i&Msi,,^!^i!i!^£^^ 
 
 vi.ifK-sxm'/fifit 
 
 GOVERNOR'S ISLAND 
 
 popular subscriptions in the United States. It is the largest statue ever erected, 
 even in the imagination of the ancient historians ; the next largest being 
 that of Nero, 118 feet, and the Colossus of Rhodes, 105 feet. An idea maj' be 
 gained of its enormous proportions, when we state that the index finger is 8 
 feet long ; the head, 17 feet high, and 10 feet thick ; the nose, 4 feet long ; the 
 right arm,49 feet long; the mouth, 3 feet wide; and the finger nail a foot across. 
 Admission to the statue is free. Visitors are permitted to mount as far as the 
 head, but special permits, obtainable from the Commanding General at Gov- 
 ernor's Island, are required for admission to the right arm and torch. The 
 view from the torch, or from the head, or even from the top of the pedestal, is 
 a sight never to be forgotten. The cities of New York and Brooklyn, connected 
 by the huge span of the great bridge, appear to lie at one's feet. The East 
 
14 THE HARBOR. 
 
 River winds away among the masses of building-s, towering warehouses and 
 smoking factories, like a silver ribbon, till lost in the haze beyond Hell Gate, 
 the narrow turbulent passage into Long Island Sound. On the other hand, 
 the broad Hudson, bounded on the Jersey shore by the frowning bastions 
 of the Pallisades, keeps its magnificent course northward, till land and 
 water fade into distance. West and south, the rolling hills and river- 
 bordered plains of New Jersey stretch out in a varied panorama of towns, 
 farms, and railways for miles. Over the whole extent of Staten Island, 
 the gaze passes to the blue boundaries of the ocean and the arid reaches of 
 Sandy Hook. Immediately beneath, the huge masses of masonry in the city 
 squares, blur into one smoking, swerving hive of living beings. While up 
 and down the channels, and from pier to pier, ferryboats blunder to and fro, 
 active little tugs dart hither and thither, large steamers move with the 
 dignity of conscious power, and sailing vessels float or lie like water-fowl 
 upon the blue surface. The statue forms part of the United States light-house 
 system, the torch containing nine duplex electric lamps, which are visible 
 from twenty to thirty miles at sea. This torch is a murderous destroyer of 
 birds, which, flying near, are attracted by its dazzling rays, and dashing 
 themselves against it in their fascination are destroyed. Those in attendance 
 aver that as many as 1,600 of the winged victims have fallen sacrifices to 
 their ill-starred curiosity in a single night. 
 
 The Immigrant Station, which was formerly at Castle Garden, on. 
 the Battery, is now on Ellis Island, one of the small islets off the New 
 Jersey shore. The main building for the reception of the immigrants has a 
 frontage of about 500 feet, and a depth of 200 feet. The thousands of foreigners 
 who flock to this country by the port of New York, are received and registered 
 in this office, and thence are either turned over to their friends and relatives, 
 who are awaiting them, or are put in the way of reaching such parts of the 
 United States as they desire to go to. 
 
 Under the present system the ignorant peasant from Europe is protected, 
 as far as is practicable, from the " Emigrant Runners," and other sharks, 
 who, for a long period, prej^ed upon the helpless immigrant, robbing him of 
 his little store of money, and then turning him adrift upon the public or 
 private charity of the city. Immigrants who arrive in a state of illness of a 
 non-contagious kind, are treated at the Ellis Island dispensary or hospital, 
 according to the gravity of the ailment. In this way about five hundred per- 
 sons are treated, free of charge, every month. From 300,000 to 500,000 im- 
 migrants pass through the Ellis Island depot each year. These figures give 
 some idea of the enormous mass of business transacted at this station, as well 
 as of the wonderful resources and growth of the country which is able to 
 receive such a vast multitude, give them all comfortable homes and adequate 
 employment in addition to its own sixty odd millions of inhabitants. 
 
 Governor's Island, originally a Dutch cow pasture, called Nutten 
 Island, and given its present name from the fact that it was purchased in 1637, 
 by Governor Van Twiller, lies about three thousand feet from the Battery 
 and between it and Brooklyn. From the latter it is separated by a narrow 
 strait called Buttermilk Channel, originally so shallow that at low tide the 
 
THE HARBOR. 
 
 15 
 
 land was frequently visible from the island to the adjacent shore. The Govern- 
 ment's fine system of harbor improvement has, however, so deepened and 
 widened this channel that ships of the heaviest draught pass through it to the 
 wharfs and docks along the Brooklyn and New York water fronts. On Gov- 
 ernor's Island are situated the headquarters of the Military Department of 
 the Atlantic, and the residences of the commanding general and his staff. 
 From the foot of Whitehall Street runs a Government vessel, communicating 
 between the island and the city. Governor'^ Island comprises an area of 
 some sixty-five acres. On the western point stands a pink-lined circular 
 structure pierced with three tiers of port holes, besides a tier of guns mounted 
 en barbette. This old-fashioned fortification, once regarded as a most im- 
 pregnable defense to the city, is called Castle William, erected in 1811. The 
 island has other fortifications — Fort Columbus and water batteries, mounting 
 nearly harmless old smooth-bore guns, as effective against modern armor- 
 clad men-of-war as so many Queen Anne muskets. The only real value of 
 these antiquated works is in the ordnance arsenal and Military Museum which 
 they contain. The curious foreigner, however, will find it worth his while to 
 visit Governor's Island, if only for the sake of the wonderfully picturesque 
 view to be obtained of New York city and harbor. On the western sea wall 
 is a gun which is fired at sunset, as a signal to the vessels in the bay to dis- 
 play their lights. The well-mounted stuffed skin of the famous charger upon 
 whom General Sheridan " saved the day " at Winchester, during the late war, 
 is on exhibition here. It may be added that, while'in view of the recent ad- 
 vance in the science of gunnery and warfare, Governor's Island would be of 
 small service as a direct defense of the city against a foreign enemy, it is of 
 the utmost importance as a strategic point whence troops might be thrown 
 into either New York or Brooklyn in case of riots. 
 
 THE BATTERY. 
 
THE BATTERY TO TRINITY CHURCH. 
 
 The Battery, now a handsome public 
 park, situated at the extreme southern, point of Manhattan Island, received 
 its name from the fact that about two centuries ago a battery was erected 
 here by the citizens, upon an alarm of hostile demonstrations by the 
 French. What was a hastily constructed earthwork in the beg-inning, 
 g-rew to be, relatively speaking, a really powerful fortification, toward 
 the middle of the eighteenth century, the armament amounting to ninety- 
 two cannon of the heaviest calibre known to that daj". At that period, 
 namely, circum 1750, the Battery was really a thoroughly effective defense 
 of what was then hardly more than a village. So situated, and with 
 such guns, in this era, when, as some engineers have claimed, our ord- 
 nance could throw shells weighing hundreds of pounds from Coney Island 
 into the heart of the business district, the little ninety-two g^un battery 
 seems something* like a rather dangerous toy. We might add, for the bene- 
 fit of our visitors from abroad, that some of the most celebrated of their 
 own authorities on such subjects, have declared that projectiles fired from 
 battle-ships in the Lower Bay would most probably find a harmless gravo in 
 the deep waters of the Upper Bay, leaving the city unscathed. The chances 
 are, however, as ten thousand to zero that no such gun target practice will 
 ever take place in our time ; the long and carefully debated chapters of 
 modern arbitration standing between the prefatory offense and the bloody 
 finis. The Battery Park comprises thirty-one acres, well laid out, with thick. 
 
THE BATTERY TO TRINITY CHURCH. 17 
 
 rich turf and fine shade trees. During the decades prior to the Revolution it 
 was the fashionable resort and promenade of the wealthy citizens of the town, 
 whose finest residences bordered it on the east and north. Many of these 
 aforetime palaces still exist, shabby and dilapidated, and converted into 
 foreign consulates, business places, immigrant boarding-houses, and such-like 
 uses. Others have been torn down, and this region, once sacred to the 
 powdered wig and the velvet coat, the brocade skirt and the plumed hat, are 
 now invaded by the homeless tramp, the gaping peasant newly arrived from 
 his ship, and the denizens of dark side streets and noisome alleys. 
 
 At the east end of the Battery is Pier 1, from which the Pennsylvania 
 Hailroad ships its freight. Just beyond is the pier where the many iron 
 steamboats, which carry the thousands of holiday makers of the city to and 
 from Coney Island, land and from whence they depart. Pier A, adjoining, is 
 the headquarters of the Twenty-fourth and Twenty- eighth Police Precincts, 
 and the Department of Docks. The police boat Patrol, one of the most 
 perfectly equipped vessels, for its purpose, in the world, provided with an 
 unequaled fire-extinguishing apparatus, lies at this pier when not on duty. 
 
 Castle Garden is now a low, round, somewhat shabby-looking edifice, 
 whose uses it would be difficult to determine from its appearance. It was origin- 
 .ally erected, as the first part of its name indicates, for a fortification during 
 the war of 1812. It then stood upon a small islet detached from the mainland 
 with which it was connected by a bridge. Later on the intermediate space 
 was filled in and the Castle incorporated with the Battery. Having outlived 
 its usefulness as a fort, it was transformed into an inclosed summer garden 
 and used for popular amusement. It was at this place that, August 16, 1828, 
 Liafayette landed under an arch decorated with colors and laurels. In the 
 •evening a curiously shaped balloon, supposed to represent a man's figure on 
 horseback, was sent up from the Garden — an event which in those days wa« 
 regarded as a most remarkable success, and was proudly referred to in the 
 public prints long afterward. Generals Jackson and Tyler held receptions 
 in Castle Garden, the former in 1832 and the latter in 1843. One of the most 
 notable circumstances in the history of Castle Garden, however, was the 
 American debut of Jenny Lind here, under the management of P. T. Bar- 
 num, Sept. 7, 1850. Five years afterward the Garden was turned over to 
 the Emigrant Commissioners as a depot for immigrants, the first shipload of 
 whom landed here from the German bark Europa. 
 
 The Bargee Office is a handsome stone edifice in the ornate Byzantine 
 style of architecture, situated at the Southeastern corner of the Battery, and 
 adjoining the Staten Island and Brooklyn Ferries just east of it. It is the 
 headquarters of the U. S. Government Customs Inspectors and a branch office 
 of the Surveyor of the Port. Next the Barge Office is the U. S. Marine 
 Hospital Dispensary for the free medical treatment of American merchant 
 seamen. The hospital itself is at Stapleton, Staten Island. Applicants for, and 
 those connected with, the revenue marine and for the life-saving service are 
 examined here, and pilots undergo a special examination for color blindness. 
 Adjacent to the Barge Office is a basin where the Battery boatmen keep their 
 boats, holding from ten to fourteen persons, the charge being $1.00 per hour. 
 
18 THE BATTERY TO TRINITY CHURCH. 
 
 The Elevated RailTvay Terminus is located in front of the system 
 of ferry houses, at the southeast angle of the Battery, where the South, 
 Hamilton, Thirty-ninth Street (Brooklyn); Ba,y Ridge and Staten Island 
 Ferries land their boats, and where the Ellis, Liberty and Governor's Island 
 steamers receive and discharge passengers. The terminal stations are so 
 arranged that the living stream from the incoming and outgoing trains 
 pass directly to and from the slips under nearly continuous shelter. The 
 road beds of the four lines, viz : the Ninth, Sixth, Third, and Second Avenues, 
 come to a common juncture here, and divide into two sections; one curving 
 away to the west across the Battery, the other turning to the north and 
 east. Higher up, the western limb subdivides into two branches, the Sixth 
 and Ninth Avenue lines, while the eastern limb separates into the Third and 
 Second Avenue lines. 
 
 An examination of the map will reveal a network of short, mostly 
 narrow streets crossing and recrossing the extreme lower portion of the city 
 immediately above and to the east of the Battery, so that it looks like some 
 portions of old London or Paris. Among these thoroughfares, originally the 
 cowpaths and lanes of the ancient hamlet of New Amsterdam, are State 
 Street, immediately adjoining the Battery, with Whitehall next beyond. 
 Front, Water, and Pearl Streets run parallel with the East River; Broad Street 
 leads from the river to Wall Street; and Broadway, which traverses the city 
 near its center, begins just above the Battery at Bowling Green and continues 
 up the island till it crosses the Spuyten Duyval Creek at the upper end, and 
 becomes merged into the Albany Post Road, upon which the mail coaches ran 
 half a century ago, to the various towns along the Hudson, ending at Alban3^ 
 When the citizens fled from the Yellow fever and Cholera-stricken city to the 
 healthier suburban villages of Greenwich or the present Tenth Street, and 
 Chelsea, at Twenty-third Street, they fled along this road in the regular 
 coaches, private vehicles, or on foot. South Street, on the East River front, 
 is fringed on the water side by crowded masses of shipping, chiefly sailing 
 vessels, unloading or loading cargoes for all parts of the world, while on the 
 land side are rows of warehouses, chandlers' stores, and establishments of 
 every variety of produce dealers. The first city wharf was built at the foot 
 of Moore Street, about 1640. Peter Stuyvesant, the famous Dutch Governor, 
 built a house at the corner of State Street. In early times the city filled 
 in a portion of the water front where the present Water Street is now. 
 Stone Street was the first paved street, and Bridge Street owes its name 
 to a small bridge across a stream running down the middle of Broad Street. 
 On Whitehall Street, between Water and Pearl, is the U. S. Army Building, 
 a massive structure of granite and brick, under the control of the War 
 Department, and used to store army supplies. 
 
 Fraunces' Tavern, one of the most famous historic buildings in New 
 York, is situated at the lower end of Broad Street. It is still a public house, 
 though it has lost its prestige, for before and during the Revolution it was 
 one of the fashionable places of resort. It was built two centuries ago by 
 Etienne DeLancy, and opened by Samuel Fraunces in 1762, as an inn, to which 
 he gave the loyal name of " Queen Charlotte." In the chamber in the second 
 
THE BATTERY TO TRINITY CHURCH. 
 
 1J> 
 
 story, still preserved, Washing-ton delivered his farewell address to his oflBcers 
 in 1783. One can get a meal in the famous room, which was also used by the 
 Chamber of Commerce, which beg-an its sittings here in 1768. The room, and 
 the whole building, in fact, is one of the most interesting- of the few remaining- 
 American landmarks, which are fast disappearing. 
 
 Bo^wling- Oreen, as the name implies, was once used for the game of 
 ''bowls," being leased by a number of citizens for the purpose in 1732. Before 
 this, it was the drill-ground of old Fort Amsterdam — called Fort George, 
 after the English occupation of the city. The fort, which was constructed of 
 log's in the Dutch period, was replaced by a stockade, evidently, from some 
 of the old traditions, a rather shaky fortification, at its best. In 1770 an 
 equestrian statue of George III, in lead, was erected on the Green, and 
 enclosed by an iron railing. After the Declaration of Independence, in 1776, 
 the railing was pulled down by the excited people, and the leaden statue con- 
 
 PRODUCE EXCHANGE— BOWLING GREEN. 
 
 verted into bullets, which, as the story goes, killed several hundred British 
 soldiers in one of the many battles of the seven years' war. In 1787 the old 
 fort, facing- Bowling- Green, was cleared away, and a building, orig"inally in- 
 
20 THE BATTERY TO TRINITY CHURCH. 
 
 tended for United States Governmental occupation, when it was believed that 
 New York City would be the g-eneral capital, was erected This edifice, for 
 several years the residence of the Governors of the State, gave place in 1815 
 to a row of dwellings, now filled with steamships and other business offices. 
 
 At Bowling- Green Broadway proper begins. On the left hand, looking 
 north, is No. 1 Broadway, or the Washington Building, a massive structure 
 twelve stories high, used for offices. The old Kennedy House, built in 1745, 
 stood here. Kennedy was the Earl of Cassilis, and his dwelling was one of 
 the finest of the period, even when compared with English mansions of the 
 time. It was called the Washington Hotel during the latter portion of its 
 existence. Opposite is 
 
 Xlie Produce Kxcliang^e, a splendid fire-proof edifice constructed of 
 granite, brick and iron. It is oblong in shape, and from a distance has the 
 appearance of a huge fortification or castle, surmounted by a lofty clock 
 tower. It is 300 feet long by 150 feet deep; the main buildmg rises 116 feet, 
 while the clock tower reaches over 200 feet. The clock, which seems hardly 
 larger than an ordinary mantel clock from below, is really twelve feet in 
 diameter. The architectural style is the modified Italian Renaissance. Here 
 the Produce Exchange is located and does business. In the same enormous 
 iDuilding are the Produce Exchange Bank, a United States Post-Office station, 
 oflBces of the Western Union Telegraph Company, the main New York 
 branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, and the Maritime Exchange. 
 The hall of the Exchange on the second floor is 220 feet long by 144 feet wide 
 and 60 feet high. In this hall many thousands of merchants can do business 
 at one time. There are a series of tables arranged with every convenience 
 which are leased to the merchants who are members of the Exchange. The 
 famous " wheat pit " is that part of the building where a number of circular 
 steps are arranged so as to descend into the floor, forming a kind of amphi- 
 theater. All around are telegraph and telephone tables, and accommodations 
 for the reporters who list the prices and fluctuations of the day for the press. 
 The " call room " has also a large number of seats similarly arranged ; here 
 grain and all sorts of provisions are bought and sold. The visitors' gallery, 
 on the third floor, overlooks the exchanges below, and the sight is a strange 
 and interesting one, especially on daj^s when there are *' flurrys " in the sales, 
 though the shouts and calls must always remain enigmatical to the unin- 
 itiated. The building cost about three and a quarter million dollars, and 
 12,000,000 bricks, 15 miles of iron girders, 2,000 tons of terra cotta, and 29 
 miles of steam pipe were used in its construction. The square tower is visited 
 by several hundred people daily ; the ascent being made by elevators which 
 carry one up fourteen stories, whence a flight of stairs leads to the roof. 
 From this height a wonderful panorama of the lower part of the city and the 
 adjacent water unfolds itself. All the huge piles of masonry in the neigh- 
 borhood are at the feet of the observer, and the view extends for miles over 
 New Jersey, up the Hudson and East Rivers, across Long Island and down 
 the harbor, and is second only to that obtained from the Statue of Liberty. 
 Some idea of the business done in this building can be gained from the sales 
 made in a year ; for example, three million barrels of flour ; a billion and a 
 
TRINITY CHURCH. 
 
22 THE BATTERY TO TRINITY CHURCH. 
 
 quarter bushels of wheat ; over a quarter of a bilhon bushels of corn ; ninety- 
 odd million bushels of oats; over a million tierces of lard, and about twenty- 
 two million pounds of tallow, with other products in like proportion. 
 
 Another exchange of great importance in the business economy of New 
 York is the 
 
 Consolidated Stock and Petroleum Exchange, occupying- a 
 handsome building- at the corner of Broadway and Exchange Place. It has a 
 front of 91 feet on Broadway, 132 feet on Exchang-e Place, and 87 feet on New 
 Street. Its board room measures 10,000 feet of floor space, and its lig-ht- 
 ing and ventilating systems are among the best in this city of modern im- 
 provements. 
 
 The visitor to New York should pause a moment at the foot of Broad- 
 way, at an hour before, or an hour after, noon, and take in the picture thus 
 presented, of thousands of people hurrying hither and thither, on all imagin- 
 able errands ; the hundreds of carts, drays, wagons, cabs, carriages and cars, 
 apparently locked in one inextricable jam, which, nevertheless, seems to dis- 
 entangle itself into sub-currents, melting insensibly down side streets and 
 alleys, while a roar and rumble go up incessantly from these animate and 
 inanimate streams, echoing from wall to wall of the massive edifices lining 
 the great thoroughfare on either hand. As he begins his journey northward, 
 the vast ramparts of stone, brick, and iron resolve themselves into separate 
 piles, like the Welles' Building, at 18 Broadway ; the great office building of 
 the Standard Oil Company adjoining ; Aldrich Court, another office building, 
 which stands upon the site of the first dwelling of white men on Manhattan 
 Island, which, as tradition tells us, was erected by Captain Adrian Block, the 
 explorer whose name is retained in " Block Island," off the Khode Island coast. 
 One of the peculiar architectural features of the city is the manner in which 
 the limited space of the island is utilized. New York is a city of towers ; 
 small ground plans upon which are erected whole hives of offices and dwell- 
 ing flats. An example of this kind of land economy is the Tower Building, 
 No. 50 Broadway, which is eleven stories, or 18C feet, high, with a ground plan 
 2;5 feet broad. The Union Trust Company's structure, No. SO Broadway, 
 has a frontage of 72 feet, and an elevation of 196 feet. It is a handsome 
 building in the Romanesque order, and despite the disproportion between its 
 width and its height, it is so well balanced in its details, and so cleverly de- 
 signed with relation to its surroundings, that it may justly be called artistic. 
 
 Trinity Cliurcli is one of the best known and most important build- 
 ings in the city. Not excepting the comparatively new St. Patrick's Cathe- 
 dral, it is the most representative church edifice in New York. It stands upon 
 the west side of Broadway, opposite Wall Street, so that coming up the street 
 from the east, the church and its spire are visible throughout the busiest por- 
 tion of that world's money market. It is a solidly good and representative 
 example of Gothic architecture in its best phase. In size it cannot com- 
 pare with European cathedrals ; nor even in that respect with scores 
 of churches in the United States ; but for purity of conception and sever- 
 ity of execution, it will compare favorably with many famous edifices 
 abroad. The present church is the third upon the same site. The first 
 
THE BATTERY TO TRINITY CHURCH. 
 
 23 
 
 was 148 feet long- and 72 feet broad, with a steeple 175 feet high. This 
 building- was burnt down during the Revolution, and was rebuilt in 1778. 
 This structure was put up in some haste, and was always looked upon 
 as shaky. It finally came to such a pass that wide cracks appeared in the 
 masonry, the stones shifted from their places, and larg-e sections of mortar 
 fell out. In 1839 it was formally declared '' unsafe," and in 1846 the present 
 church was completed. Owing to the nature of the g-round beneath the foun- 
 dation, some authorities have predicted that even this third edition of Trinity 
 will have to be destroyed and a fourth building- — if another church shall be 
 raised here — put up. The steeple is 284 feet in height, and until within a few 
 
 years any one could mount 
 it ; but more recently a rule 
 has been enforced which 
 compels the visitor to pro- 
 cure a permit from the rec- 
 tor, whose office is in the 
 building- behind St. Paul's 
 Church, corner of Vesey 
 . „, ^1 i\(H'Mi\ ^c—— M/ Street, where he may be seen 
 
 Ih ' ^''^'''!IMI^i7/^f^^ . from 1 till 3 o'clock p. m. 
 
 The view from the steeple is 
 well worth the trouble both 
 of procuring- the permit and 
 of mounting the innumer- 
 able steps to the top, cover- 
 ing-, as it does, the whole city 
 to the rising ground to the 
 north, and the adjacent 
 country for miles on every 
 side. The church is open 
 for daily services, and though 
 situated in the heart of the 
 business center of the city, 
 these services are usually 
 well attended. The altar of pure white marble and the reredos are 
 memorials of the late William B. Astor. William Waldorf Astor has pre- 
 pared as a memorial to his father, the second John Jacob Astor, a massive 
 bronze gateway to the church. A most singular experience for the stranger, 
 and even for the denizen of the neighborhood, is to walk a few steps 
 out of the vast turmoil of business interests going on in the street a dozen 
 feet away, into the cool dusk and absolute quiet of this church, where 
 there is no sound but the echo of the visitor's footsteps on the stone 
 floor, where the roar and thunder of the outside world only comes as a faint 
 murmur. Especially is this contrast felt in the g-raveyard, which is far older 
 and more interesting- than the church itself. Surrounded on all sides by tall, 
 modern buildings, crowded with business men and clerks, alive with modern 
 interests, noisy with running- to and fro of hasty feet, with eager voices and 
 
 TRINITY CHURCH — FROM WALL STREET. 
 
24 
 
 THE BATTERY TO TRINITY CHURCH. 
 
 the clang and clatter of machinerj^ it is as quiet and as solemn as that spot 
 where Gray, the poet, wrote his famous " Elegy." This graveyard holds the 
 oldest of New York's dead. On these quaint and crumbling old stones, with 
 their grim death's heads, or even grimmer winged seraphs — or what stood 
 for such in the minds of the stone-cutters of the period — may be re-^d names 
 famous in the early history of the colony or the country. Old Dutch families 
 are buried here, ancestors of many families whose pride is sealed with the 
 rude inscriptions on these stones. Charlotte Temple, a beautiful girl betrayed 
 by an English officer, has a resting place here ; after her wrongs and sorrows 
 she sleeps soundly enough in this quiet spot. Albert Gallatin, Secretary of 
 the Treasury, is here ; so also is General Phil. Kearney, killed at Chantilly 
 during the Civil War ; William Bradley, who printed the first newspaper in 
 the city, lies here. Captain Laurence, of the Essex, and Lieutenant Ludlow, 
 lie beneath the Laurence memorial, which commemorates their gallant actions 
 and their lamented deaths .Alexander Hamilton and his wife lie below a 
 small obelisk, and on the Broadway front is a large Gothic memorial 
 erected to " those brave and good men who died while imprisoned in this city 
 for their devotion to the cause of American independence," The oldest grave 
 now known to be in Trinity churchj-ard is that of Richard Churcher, marked 
 by a small brown stone slab, dated 1681. 
 
 A PUBLIC MEETING ON THE STEPS OF THE SUB-TREASURY BOLX)IXG. 
 
WALL STREET 
 
 DREXEL BLILDINO, 
 WALL STREET. 
 
 bTUCK EXCHANGE, 
 BROAD STREET. 
 
 Wall Street, like most of the 
 older streets of New York, retains 
 something- descriptive of its ancient 
 character or use in its modern desig- 
 nation. Along- this street in 1644 
 was erected a line of fortifications 
 agamst the Indians. Until 1653 a 
 sort of fence or stockade, following- 
 the course of the present street, 
 was the boundary of a sheep pas- 
 ture , then the fence was improved 
 upon, the " Land Gate," at the 
 junction of the present Wall Street and Broadwa}^ was built. In 1656 
 a house was put up about where the Custom House now stands. Across 
 the way was an orchard, and tradition speaks of hunting wild animals, 
 the bear, wolf, etc., in the wild region above the wall. It was not till 
 1768 or 1769 that the fence was finally demolished, and a year or two 
 later a city hall was erected on the site of the present Sub-Treasury^ 
 Building. Just here were the cage, pillory, whipping-post and stocks, 
 where now we find, among other important edifices, the New York Stock 
 Exchange, whose main fronts are on Broad and New Streets. The Stock 
 Exchange began operations in 1792, with seventy-four members. Until 
 twenty-five years later, the members did most of their business at the 
 " Tontine Coffee House," corner of Wall and Water Streets. The present 
 building was erected in 1865, and has a frontage of 152 feet on New Street, 
 and 70 feet on Broad Street, where its main entrance is. It is made of white 
 marble, in the French Renaissance style, and cost bout $2,000,000. The 
 
36 WALL STREET. 
 
 "Board Room," which the visitor should see, is called, and very properly, 
 " the financial nerve " of the country-. On a busy day, especially when there 
 is a flurry in stocks, the tumult in this room, the shouts, shrieks, calls and 
 cries are absolutely indescribable ; it is a scene and an experience never to be 
 forg-otten. These men seem to have lost their senses — on panic days they 
 really have ; but, g-eneraily speaking-, each knows what he has to sell and 
 what he wishes to dispose of, and in this pandemonium colossal fortunes are 
 made and lost in a few hours. As high as $36,000 has been paid for a seat 
 and privileg-e in this exchange. The initiation fee, established in 1879, is 
 $10,000, and even with these enormous fig-ures as initiation and purchase 
 money, there are hundreds who would gladly come into the exchange 
 were they allowed to do so by the rules. 
 
 A person standing- upon Trinity steeple and looking eastward will have 
 before him one of the most celebrated thoroughfares of modern times — Wall 
 Street. It is a narrow highway, where the sun in winter seldom comes, along 
 whose sidewalks press throngs of money-getters and money-losers ; men elate 
 with millions won in an hour, and men wretched with the evanishment of 
 fortunes upon the click of a telegraph machine ; the Croesus of to-day doomed 
 to be the pauper of to-morrow ; men of all ages and conditions, but all striv- 
 ing for the one resplendent goal — wealth. Yet but a few generations ago this 
 pathway of Plutus was the northernmost boundary of the little village from 
 which the mighty city has grown. Here, in 1644, a fence ran across the 
 island to keep out the hostile Indians, who roan.ed the woods and morasses 
 where the City Hall now stands. Nine years later the palisade was strength- 
 ened, and a gate known as the ''Land Poorte," was built at the present 
 Broadway. In the woods above the palisade or wall wild animals were 
 hunted by the adventurous citizens of the little hamlet. In 1769 the wall 
 was pulled down, the city having grown beyond its limits. Three years 
 before this time William Pitt's marble statue was erected at Wall and Wil- 
 liam Streets. This statue, disfigured beyond all semblance to humanity by the 
 British soldiery during the occupation of the city, is now shown in the New 
 York Historical Society's edifice. On the northeast corner of Wall Street and 
 Broadway are the First National Bank and the Bank of the Republic. To 
 the east are the Schermerhorn and Astor buildings. 
 
 The Sub-Treasury occupies the site of the old Federal Hall, on the 
 corner of Wall and Nassau Streets, where Washington took the oath of office 
 as first President. This old edifice was the most important building — at least, 
 in a political sense — of the time. It was City Hall, Colonial Court House, and 
 the capital of the province. John Zenger was tried and acquitted liere, his 
 crime being free speech in his newspaper ; and here in July, 1776, the Declara- 
 tion of Independence was read from the balcony, and received with wild cheers 
 by the crowd below. When New York was chosen — temporarily, as it hap- 
 pened—as the national capital city, the City Hall was changed into the Fed- 
 eral Hall, a much more elaborate edifice. Washmgton was inaugurated here, 
 and his desk and table are still preserved in the Governor's room of the 
 present Cit}^ Hall. The imposing ceremonies of the day may be read in any 
 good history of the citj-, and need not occupy space here. In 1813 Federal 
 
WALL STEEET. 
 
 ;3T 
 
 TTHE MILLS BUILDING, 
 BROAD STREET 
 
 Hall was demolished In 1842 the 
 old Custom House was erected on 
 the spot; this is the present Sub- 
 Treasury. It is a solid granite structure, 
 in the Doric style, and runs from Wall Street 
 to Pine Street, on the north. A fine flight • , i- i 
 
 of steps leads up to the Wall Street portico, which displays eight large 
 columns, the whole making a very fine example of the architectural order. 
 On these steps stands J. Q. A. Ward's colossal statue of Washmgton m the 
 act of taking the oath. On the pedestal is a slab bearing ^^ ^IJ^^^P^^^^ 
 descriptive of the event. There has frequently been as much as $200,000,000 
 of money deposited in this building; yet there are none of the extensive mili- 
 tary arrangements for protection here which mark the treasuries of every 
 other country in the world. The amount of business transacted here may be 
 guessed from the fact that, during a single fiscal year, this building took 
 nearly a billion and a quarter of dollars, and paid out some twenty millions 
 less. Aside from its payments to various disbursing officers and departments 
 the Sub-Treasui-y redeems United States bonds and mutilated currency, and 
 •settles for coupons and interest on the bonds. Any paper money not mutil- 
 ated more than four-fifths, the Treasury pays good money for ; if the mutiia- 
 
28 WALL STREET. 
 
 tion be greater, an affidavit showing- how the mutilation occurred must be 
 submitted. In one year some $88,28-;i,000 of mutilated money has been re- 
 deemed. The specie vaults are on the north side of the building on either side 
 of the passage, and are protected by the latest appliances as to walls and 
 locks. The whole city would have to be in revolt, and the most improved 
 methods of dynamite explosion would have to be brought to bear, before these 
 vaults could be rifled. The upper stovy is an armory where various weapons 
 are kept at hand in case of riot. The exact sj^stem of defense which would be 
 employed in such an event is kept secret. In order to inspect the building in 
 detail, the visitor must obtain a permit by application to the Sub-Treasurer. 
 
 Xlie Assay Office adjoins the Sub-Treasury^ building- ; it is a marble 
 edifice in the classic style, and was erected in 1823, All sorts of old plate, 
 bullion, old, foreig-n or mutilated coin, scraps or dust are melted, refined, and 
 cast into bricks here. A few figures will show the amount of work done in a 
 year, viz.: Refined by acid process, 2,23?,000 ounces ; 18,235 bars of gold, and 
 25,990 bars of silver ; by the melting process, some 970,800 ounces of gold, and 
 4,294,000 ounces of silver. The refining and assaying- departments are full of 
 interest, and may be observed by the visitor, who obtains admission to the 
 building- at about 10 a. m. The bullion is received on the g-round floor, melted 
 and then g-ranulated by being- thrown molten into water, which separates it 
 into small particles which, in turn, are boiled repeatedly in sulphuric acid, 
 thus liberating the silver. The gold is then pressed into cakes, which are 
 sent to the melting furnaces, after which it is cast into bricks. The assaying- 
 process follows. It is moie complicated than the refining, but may readily be 
 understood by consulting- any standard work on the subject which, if the 
 visitor be interested in the matter, he should do before inspecting the opera- 
 tions here daily performed. 
 
 Tlie New York Stock Exchange has a narrow entrance on Wall 
 Street, the principal extensions being- on New and Broad Streets. Visitors 
 gain entrance to the building from the Wall Street side. The Stock Exchange 
 was inaugurated as far back as 1792, and its earlier meetings were held at the 
 famous Tontine Cofl'ee House, at the corner of Wall and Water Streets. The 
 present building was erected in 1865, at a cost of $2,000,000. It is five stories 
 in height, constructed of white marble and granite, in the later Renaissance 
 style, the architect being James Renwick. The visitor will be most interested 
 in the Board Room. From this point the transactions in stocks, announced by 
 wire as they take place, affect every portion of the country, and, indeed, of 
 the financial world. This room is on the New Street side, and measures two 
 hundred and sixty, by some ninety-eig-htor ninety-nine feet. An excellent view 
 of the floor during- business hours — always an exciting- time — is obtained from 
 the galleries. In the Long Room are the teleg-raphic instruments, constantly 
 besieged by dealers anxious to know the results of their out-of-town opera- 
 tions. In the Board Room is a row of pillars occupying- the center of the 
 apartment. On each pillar a special stock is desig-nated. Each broker has his 
 number, and when he is wanted a handle bearing- that number is touched, and 
 the same number appears in full view in front of the galler^^ The price of 
 seats in this Exchang-e is enormous ; as much as $36,000 has been paid for a 
 
 i 
 
A MORNING STROrX DOWN BROADWAY TO WALL STKKET. 
 
30 
 
 WALL STREET. 
 
 righit. The reg-ular initiation fee is $20,000, or if the broker buys his seat 
 from another, the fee is $1,000. The public is familiar, throug-h newspaper 
 reports, with the peculiar slang- of the Stock Exchang-e, and already know the 
 significance of such terms as "scalper," '' g-uerilla," "trader," "bull," 
 "bear," "load," "unload," "ballooning-," " flying kites," "milking the 
 street," "gunning for stock," "break," "cover shorts," "cornered," 
 "pool," etc. 
 
 The United States Custom House is a stern and imposing-look- 
 ing edifice, occup3'ing the block bounded by Wall, William, and Hanover 
 Streets and Exchange Place. It is of gray granite, which exposure has dark- 
 ened ; it is Doric in style, and has a heavy portico of columns, each 38 feet in 
 height and 4| feet in diameter. These columns were imported from Italy at 
 a great expense, and are almost unrivaled in size and symmetry. A bridge 
 connects the main building with a smaller one on the south side of Exchange 
 Place, the naval officers' headquarters. It w^as built originally for a mer- 
 chants' exchange, but was converted to customs purposes in 1862. The 
 records of this Castom House give an idea of the customs income of the 
 whole country ; for here alone, in 1889, the receipts were nearly $155,000,000, 
 and the Government's profits over all expenses over $152,000,000. In this one 
 year there were some 275,000 merchandise entries. Other notable edifices on 
 Wall Street are the Wilkes Building, on the corner of Broad Street, a branch 
 of the celebrated Delmonico Restaurant ; the Drexel Building, a white marble, 
 six-story erection, Renaissance in style; the Mills Building, ten stories high, 
 and one of the finest edifices of its kmd in the cit}' ; the Mechanics' Bank ; the 
 Manhattan Bank, organized by Aaron Burr; the United States Trust Company's 
 Building; the Bank of New York, the oldest bank in the State; the Bank of 
 America. The famous Walton mansion, spoken of in the course of a speech 
 in the British Parliament, just prior to the outbreak of the Revolution, as an 
 "evidence of the wealth and luxury of the colonists," was in existence up to 
 within ten years ago, naving fallen to the depraved station of a common sailors' 
 and immigrants' lodging-house. In the immediate vicinity of Wall Street there 
 are scores of magnificent edifices, among which we may mention the Farmers' 
 Loan and Trust Company, near the corner of Beaver and William Streets ; 
 the Cotton Exchange, on the corner of William Street and Hanover Square, 
 and the new Delmonico Building. At the foot of Wall Street is a handsomely 
 appointed ferry running to Montague Street, Brooklyn. 
 
BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD, 
 
 PROM WALL STREET TO 
 UNION SQUARE. 
 
 STATUE OP BEN. FRANKLIN, 
 PARK ROW, 
 
 An evidence of swift and amazing growth of the metropolis is in the fact 
 that a work on New York City, published little more than a decade ago, 
 speaks of the space between Wall Street and Union Square as " comprising 
 the finest and largest buildings in the city," whereas, at the present time, the 
 gigantic flat houses, hotels, and business edifices which have sprung into 
 existence at the Midas touch of capital are thickly scattered over the upper 
 portion of the town, even to Harlem and beyond. Still, new buildings have 
 risen on the sites of older ones in the lower sections, for the most part 
 amazing constructions, superb in architectural detail, and mountainous in 
 bulk. Among these latter we may first observe 
 
 Xlie Equitable Building:, which stands upon the cast side of Broad- 
 way, between Pine and Cedar Streets. It is the property of the Equitable 
 Life Assurance Society, and, besides the offices of the society itself, has 
 
32 BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 some thirty-five hundred tenants engaged in almost every variety of bus- 
 iness. The building is of granite, imposing in outline and size, and mag- 
 nificently fitted up within. The entrance is a splendid conception, executed 
 in several kinds of stone and bronze. The effect of the great curved sky- 
 light within, filled with stained glass, which casts its kaleidoscopic hues 
 upon the polished marble of the hundred feet long hall, is marvelous. 
 In the arch at the end of the corridor is a finely-executed symbol of Life 
 Assurance. In this building, among many hundreds of others, are the 
 banking houses of Kountze Brothers, Winslow, Lanier & Co., August 
 Belmont & Co., the Mercantile Trust Company, the Cafe and Restaurant 
 Savarin, etc. The Lawyers' Club has quarters and a fine library here. 
 In the lofty tower is located 
 
 Xlie United States f'igiial Service. Here are collected the most 
 perfect instruments for detecting and recording atmospheric and meteorologi- 
 cal phenomena in the world. On the tall flagstaff are hoisted the weather 
 signals, flags by day and lanterns by night. The instruments in this office 
 prepare, automaticallj'-, records of the barometer and the thermometer, at- 
 mospheric pressure, direction and force of the wind, the amount of rainfall, 
 humidity, etc., with telegraphic instruments, printing appliances for preparing 
 the notes, records, etc. 
 
 Tlie Cliaiiiber of Coiiimerce occupies quarters in the Mutual Life 
 Assurance Compan3''s building, between Cedar and Liberty Streets, an excel- 
 lent example of the Italian style. In old days the Middle Dutch Church, used 
 as a riding-school by the liinglish cavalr^^ during the Revolution, occupied this 
 site. The Chamber of Commerce is made up of the important men in the 
 various commercial and financial circles of the city ; the members are all 
 wealthy and inspired by public spirit, and in consequence many of the most 
 beneficial measures which the Legislature of the State has passed in behalf of 
 the metropolis, have originated in the Chamber, which was inaugurated in 
 April, 1768, at the historic Fraunces' Tavern. From that period down to the 
 present day the minutes of everj^ meeting which the Chamber of Commerce has 
 held, with every speech, suggestion, note, and detail, have been carefully 
 recorded, and exist now in a most valuable series of volumes. 
 
 Xlie Real Estate Excliange is a very important and characteristic 
 feature in view of the immense dealings in city and suburban property which 
 follow, as a matter of course, the wonderful growth and expansion of the metrop- 
 olis and neighboring towns. It stands upon the north side of Liberty Street, 
 at No. 57. Besides the regular transactions in real estate, it is imperative that 
 all sales of property which take place under judgments, court decrees, and 
 other legal processes, must be made here. The members of the Real Estate 
 Exchange have many advantages, such, for example, as the right to enter in 
 the books, on payment of a moderate fee, all property m hich they have to 
 dispose of, the privilege of consulting the records, which are carefully kept, of 
 every fact, and of all sorts of information relating to property. The transac- 
 tions of a single year, amounting to something over $44,000,000, show the 
 status of this Exchange. 
 
ST. PAULS CHAPEL. — BROADWAY. 
 
34 BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 Tlie "Western Union Xelegrapli Company's Building is one of 
 
 the hug-e piles of masonry which first attract the stranger's notice as he sails 
 up the bay. It is composed of two edifices joined; one on Broadway, nine 
 stories in height, with a frontage of 75 feet, and the other on Dey Street, ten 
 stories high, with a frontage of 200 feet, both constructed of brick and terra 
 cotta. On the Broadway side are three large arches, and on the De^^ Street side, 
 seven, giving the edifice at once a light and yet imposing appearance. The 
 great operating rooms, filled with the most improved instruments, and crowded 
 with busy emploj^ees, occupy the major part of the seventh and eighth floors. 
 About 1,200 people are engaged in the company's service in this building ; 
 2,000 wires lead into the operating departments, and an average of 100,000 
 messages are received or transmitted daily. This company has about 700,000 
 miles of wire, and about 20,000 offices. In a year it has handled from fifty-five 
 to sixty million messages. Its profits for the j^ear were something like 
 $8,000,000. From these operating rooms one can send a message to every 
 civilized countr^^ on the globe, as well as to many outlying stations on the 
 borders of civilization. The company owns or controls many submarine and 
 transmarine cables. The dynamos, pneumatic tube system — by which written 
 messages are sent in leather cylinders through brass tubes all over the lower 
 part of the cit^^ — as well as other machinery, are worked by boilers and 
 engines in the cellars of the building. 
 
 The Jolin Street Metliodist Episcopal CliurcU is not far from 
 the huge structure above described. It is on John Street, between Nassau and 
 William Streets, and derives its interest from the fact that it is the oldest 
 church of the denomination in the country. As far back as 1766 a small con- 
 gregation of Methodists had their church in a dwelling-house. Parson Thomas 
 Webb, who was also a captain, and who preached in New York arraj^ed in his 
 soldier's garb, made so many converts by his exhortations, and so aided the 
 prosperity of the sect, that in 1768 a small stone chapel was built where the 
 present church now stands. In those days Dissenters were not allowed to 
 have churches, so that, to cover the law, a fireplace and mantel were included 
 to give the chapel a residence. Forty-nine years later a larger church was 
 erected, which was occupied until 1841, when, a considerable portion of the 
 congregation having removed farther uptown, the old edifice was demolished, 
 a part of the land sold for business purposes, and the present smaller church 
 was built. Business men's praj'er-meetings are held here at noon, and are 
 well attended. 
 
 Tlie Oldest House in Neiv York is at No. 122 William Street, be- 
 tween Fulton and John. It was built about 1692. It is two stories high, with 
 dormer window^s, and the material is the true Dutch brick, imported from 
 Holland. The house is now occupied as a restaurant, and though it has been 
 partly remodeled to suit modern ideas, much of the old interior arrangement 
 still remains, notably one of the ancient open fireplaces on the second floor. 
 Several of the blue and white tiles depicting subjects from Scripture may still 
 be seen. Directly opposite this building was the house — long since demolished, 
 in the modern iconoclastic spirit — where Washington Irving was born. 
 
 Xlie mail and Express Building-, just completed, is in the shape of 
 
BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 35 
 
 a hug-e L, the front being- on Broadwaj^ and known as No. 203, while the foot 
 of the L faces on Fulton Street. From the Broadway entrance a very long, 
 arched, tunnel-like hallway leads to the elevators, while a short hall leads 
 from the smaller Fulton Street entrance, intersecting the other at right 
 angles. The three great elevators run constantly, making regular trips, so 
 that neither bell signals are required nor any delay experienced. The building 
 is a solidly constructed fireproof edifice of stone, Imed to a great extent with 
 polished marble. It contains every possible modern convenience of the latest 
 type ; and, in fact, so far as its interior is concerned, is probably one of the 
 most perfect examples of the great office building in existence. The Mail and 
 Express newspaper has its home here, the remainder of the edifice being di- 
 vided into handsomely fitted and convenient offices. 
 
 St. Paul's Cliapel is a Gothic building of good style and proportions, 
 though relatively small in size. Its chief interest lies in the fact that it is the 
 only church built in colonial times now standing in New York. It was begun 
 in 1754, and completed in 1756. The front is to the west, and its rear is towards 
 Broadway. At the time it was put up, the space between the church and the 
 river was open, and as the builders had no prevision of the vast masses of 
 masonry which were soon to cover the smooth hillside sloping to the water, 
 the main front was turned towards the Hudson. The church is surrounded by 
 a graveyard, where, among other celebrities, lies Major-General Montgomery, 
 killed at Quebec, December 31, 1776 ; near his grave is the tall monument 
 erected to the memory of Dr. McNevin, and to the north of it is the obelisk to 
 Thomas Addis Emmet. Another monument is that to George Frederick 
 Cooke, the English actor, who died in New York in September, .1812. Edmund 
 Kean caused this memorial to be raised over his friend's ashes. The inscrip- 
 tion was written by Fitz-Greene Halleck, It has been repaired by Charles 
 Kean, Edmund's son, in 1846, by E. A. Sothern in 1874, and in 1890 by 
 Edwin Booth. 
 
 The Astor House, on the ~^~" 
 
 next block above St. Paul's, between Vesey and Bar- 
 clay Streets, is one of the best known of metropolitan hotels. It occupies 
 the whole front of the block, and is constructed of dark gray granite. 
 Its small, square windows and severely plain sty le,gi ve it something of Egyptian 
 massiveness. It has been the temporary home of many of the world's most 
 famous men and women. In the rotunda under the center of the building is 
 
38 BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 the restaurant, where some two or three thousand people lunch daily. 
 
 The Post-office is in the form of a blunted equilateral triangle, or a 
 sort of trapezoid, bounded by Broadway on the west. Park Row on the east, 
 Mail Street and City Hall Park on the north, and the small open space, be- 
 tween Park Row and Broadway, where several surface car lines have their 
 termini, on the south. It is by no means a handsome building- ; its style, 
 which is a sort of bastard Doric with some traces of Renaissance mixed up 
 with it, neither pleases the eye nor satisfies the taste. But its huge size, and 
 the solidity of its granite walls, give it an impressiveness and even a sugges- 
 tion of grandeur. Its Broadway and Park Row sides measure 340 feet, while 
 the Mail Street side, on the north, extends 290 feet. A large dome, modeled 
 after that of the Louvre, rises from the middle of the Broadway front. A 
 few figures from a recent report will give some idea of the amount of busi- 
 ness done in this one branch of the United States postal system. During the 
 year 543,000,000 pieces of mail matter passed through the office, in 3,250,000 
 bags, weighing 240,000,000 pounds. The sales of stamps and stamped matter 
 figured $5,200,000. Other stamps, box rents, money orders, etc., amounted 
 to about $91,500,000. In the registr^^ department 7,500,000 packages and 
 letters were received and forwarded ; 47,000 letters were refused by those 
 to whom they were addressed, because of additional postage due ; 43,000 
 letters, sent to hotels and unclaimed, were returned to the New York Post- 
 Office ; 500,000 were misdirected, and out of these, by the patience and skill 
 of the clerks, more than four-fifths finally found their proper destination. A 
 million and a quarter of letters were sent to the " Dead Letter Office." From 
 foreign lands 22,000,000 letters were received, while over 26,000,000 were 
 forwarded. A gallery runs along the Park Row side of the building, reached 
 by the main entrance, whence the busy scene below maybe watched by visitors 
 Attendants in various parts of the edifice will direct strangers to the most in 
 teresting portions of the vast human hive. On all hands it is acknowledged 
 that the Post-Office is the most perfect, most economical, and most satisfac- 
 tory of all branches of government service. 
 
 The City Hall, with its park, occupies the ancient Common, which was 
 first a pasture, then a place for public ceremonies. A gallows and a powder- 
 house stood here, both then being far enough removed from the little city 
 to avoid the offense of the one and the peril of the other. The City Hall was 
 begun in 1803, when the corner stone was laid by Mayor Livingston, and was 
 finished in 1812, the cost being half a million dollars. Though not remarkable 
 as to size, it is the finest and best balanced public edifice in the countrj\ The 
 architecture is classic ; the front and sides are marble, while the rear is free- 
 stone, a remarkable evidence of the shortsightedness of the New Yorkers of 
 those days, who could not conceive that the city proper would ever grow beyond 
 the park, and fancied that the freestone back would always look upon fields 
 and farms to the north. The structure consists of a central portion two 
 stories high, with a fine cupola, and two wings of the same height. A flight 
 of steps leads up to a colonnade with Ionic columns. A spiral stone staircase 
 runs from the first floor to a circular galler}^ bordered by marble shafts with 
 Corinthian capitals. The Mayor's office is here, and is connected with the 
 
40 BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 Council Chamber, where is to be seen the celebrated painting- of Washing-ton, 
 by Trumbull. The Governor's room consists of a number of large apart- 
 ments on the second floor, and contains the old furniture of the first Congress 
 taken from Federal Hall, of which two desks used by Washing-ton form part. 
 In the Governor's room are many portraits of Governors, Mayors, and other 
 magnates, valuable chiefly in an historical sense. Under Jefferson's desk, 
 which is preserved here, is a huge punch-bowl, used at the Erie Canal banquet 
 and celebration. A curious portrait of Washington, of silk woven in Lyons, 
 France, and costing- $10,000, may be seen in the south doorwaj^, between the 
 east wing- and the main building. Portraits and busts of Washington, by 
 Stuart and Trumbull, John Jay, Lafayette, Franklin, Morgan Lewis, General 
 Williams, Jefferson, Seward, Hamilton Fish, DeWitt Clinton, and Baron 
 Steuben, are placed in various parts of the suite. In the northwest corner of 
 the building is the Aldermanic Chamber. In this room are portraits of 
 Jefferson, Monroe, Taylor, Jackson and Clay. To the west of the City Hall 
 proper is the 
 
 County Court House, a large, white marble structure — one of the cost- 
 liest structures ever put up — in a modified Corinthian order, three stories in 
 height, and measuring- 250 by 150 feet. It has a fine portico, with steps and 
 columns on the Chambers Street side. The State Courts and the sheriff's 
 and county clerk's offices are situated here. 
 
 Park Roiiv is a succession of newspaper offices, comprising most of the 
 best known and most powerful journals in the country. At the lower end, on 
 the southeast corner of Ann Street and Broadway, is the white marble home 
 of the 
 
 Herald, with the Evening Telegram in its immediate rear. At the 
 triangle where Nassau Street joins the Row is the 
 
 Times Building;, a handsome Romanesque structure, and one of the 
 noblest of its order in America. 
 
 Xlie Tribune Building is diag-onally across the street from the 
 Times. It is a lofty edifice of brick, with colored brick trimmings, and a 
 clock tower which may be seen from the Bay. It is spoken of as a g-ood speci- 
 men of Neo-Grec. architecture, but, owing to its apparent eccentricity and 
 general singularity of outline, has been frequently made the subject of good- 
 humored jesting, and is commonly referred to as " the Tall Tower." 
 
 The Pulitzer Building:, which is the home of the New York World, 
 is one of the loftiest edifices used for business purposes in existence. It stands 
 upon the corner of Frankfort Street, and its enormous gilded dome rises 309 
 feet above the sidewalk. From the gallerj- of the lantern, which is open to 
 visitors at all times during the day, a wonderful view may be obtained of the 
 metropolis and environs for miles around. The Siui building, which adjoins 
 the Tribune, is much smaller than either of its journalistic neighbors, but is 
 almost entirely devoted to the uses of the paper itself, whereas the others accom- 
 modate tenants in all classes of business. 
 
 The Staats Zeitung:, the great German newspaper of New York, oc- 
 cupies a large and substantial granite edifice toward the upper end of the Row, 
 and near the Brooklyn Bridge terminal on one side, and the Register's Office on 
 
42 BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 the other. It is plain, and without much pretense to architectural originality 
 or beauty, but it is of good proportions and solidly constructed, very distantly 
 reminding one of the Post-OfRce. Like most of its contemporaries, the 
 Zeitung only occupies a part of its building, letting out the rest in offices. 
 
 Tlie Register's Office, or the Hall of Records, is one of the most in- 
 teresting edifices in the city. It is historic ; for during the whole of the 
 British occupation of New York, it was used as a prison and filled with 
 American patriots captured by the English. The infamous Provost Marshal 
 Cunningham was in charge of it, and abused and tortured the hapless victims 
 by every device his brutality could invent It was built for a jail and prison 
 as far back as 1757. In those days it had its stocks, pillory, whipping-post, and 
 gallows, and stood well beyond the confines of the town. Hale, the heroic 
 sp3', spent his last night on earth here. Ethan Allen, who was imprisoned in 
 this fearful den, has left us a vivid picture of the horrors endured by the 
 Americans. 
 
 Tlie Xer minus of tlie Elevated R.ail\%'ay and Kast River 
 Bridge is a single system. That is, the New York end of the Bridge con- 
 nects directly with the City Hall branch of the Second and Third Avenue 
 lines ; so that passengers coming across in the Bridge cars have but a few 
 steps to walk, on the same level, before entering the waiting rooms and ticket 
 offices of the two eastern up- town lines. A person can come from Brooklyn 
 by the cable cars, pass into the waiting Elevated Railway train, and be on the 
 way toward the north, with a wait, during the bus}" part of the day, of not 
 more than one, or, at most, two minutes. He can proceed to any of the sta- 
 tions giving direct connection with innumerable horse- car surface lines run- 
 ning east and west across the island. He can get out at Thirty-fourth Street 
 and enter a "shuttle" car, which will take him to the Long Island Ferry, 
 whence the complicated system of railway's, with a common depot at the 
 Ferry House, will conve}" him to any part of Long Island. Or he can con- 
 tinue on to Forty-second Street, where a " shuttle" car will take him to the 
 Grand Central Depot, from which he can board a train which will carry him 
 to any point over the whole countr\\ The Bridge and combined Elevated 
 Railway terminus is but a dozen steps north of the World Building. To a 
 .stranger the first view of the Bridge from its street entrance is disappointing. 
 But let him walk through the gates and get well upon the great roadway, and 
 the magnitude of the work will begin to dawn upon him. He will hardl}" 
 recognize that the vast gre}" tower a third of a mile before him, to which a 
 network of spider-like lines seems to cling, is a part of the structure upon 
 which he stands. As he strolls onward up the gentle incline, however, he 
 will observe that the tall houses and factories on either hand continue to sink, 
 until he is looking down upon their roofs, and that they have sunk into pigmy 
 proportions beneath his feet. As he approaches the base of the New York 
 tower, and sees it looming far above, with the great bridge cables curving 
 upwards to its crown, and curving away downwards again towards the middle 
 of the river, as he sees the twin cities on either bank of the stream spread out 
 like maps, and notes how steamers, ferrj^boats, and tall ships have dwindled to 
 mere toys, then he begins to understand that he is upon the greatest bridge 
 
..-.^ ^ -. 
 
44 
 
 BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 of the world. As he walks on, he observes that the four main cables which, at 
 a distance, seem as threads, are vast combined masses of steel wire, sixteen 
 inches thick, from which is slung- the whole magnificent span from tower to 
 tower. And he will pause, awe-stricken at the daring genius which conceived 
 such a work. If he wishes to see it best, as a w^hole, he will take a Fulton 
 Ferry boat, which crosses from New York to Brooklyn in the shadow of the 
 bridge. 
 
 The plans for the bridge were prepared as far back as 1865, and in 1867 a 
 company was formed to erect it with private capital. In 1875 the scheme was 
 made a State work. John A. Eoebling, who was the most eminent builder of 
 suspension bridges, began the construction ; 7,000-ton caissons, manj^ times. 
 
 FC>C»T-PATH EAST RIVEK BRIDGE. 
 
 larger than any devised before that period, were sunk, and thousands of tons 
 of concrete filling were put down. The Brooklyn tower was finished in the 
 spring of 1875, and the New York tower a year later. The bridge was opened 
 May 24, 1883. While the g-reat work was going on, there were many fatal 
 and painful disasters. The architect, John A. Roebling, was himself injured 
 in one of these accidents, and died of lockjaw in July, 1879. His son, Wash- 
 ington Roebling, succeeded him, and he in turn was stricken with disease, due 
 to exposure ; but, aided by his wife, continued his superintendence from a 
 window in his Brooklyn residence. 
 
 A few figures will convey an idea of the mag-nitude of this most wonder- 
 ful construction of modern times : The New York tower contains 46,945 cubic 
 yards of masonry, the Brooklyn tower 38,214 cubic yards. The clear river 
 
BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 45 
 
 span is 1,595 feet, 6 inches. The length of the New York approach is 1,562 
 feet, 6 inches; the Brooklyn approach, 971 feet; total length of bridge, 5,989 
 feet. There are four main cables, each 16 inches in diameter, or more than 
 4 feet in circumference. The towers are 272 feet above high water, and the 
 «lear span of the bridge at the center is 135 feet. 
 
 The view from the bridge roadway is wide and splendid. The twin cities lie 
 below in a bird's-eye view, and far away on every side are the neighboring 
 villages, the rivers gleaming like ribbons of silver, the broad bay melting into 
 the misty waters of the Lower Harbor and the ocean. It is a scene never to 
 be forgotten. 
 
 As many as 159,300 passengers have been carried across b}^ the bridge 
 cars in one day, and up to the close of 1891 the record of passengers sums up 
 close to 181,000,000, and this is exclusive of the innumerable boat passengers. 
 
 Xlie Neivsboys* LrOdging-House is reached by passing from Park 
 Row up New Chambers Street. It is one of the most successful, as well as one 
 of the most beneficent, of that best of charitable organizations, The Children's 
 Aid Society. The boys are received here, lodged and fed at the rate of six 
 cents a meal, and the same price for a bed. The reason of the charge 
 is to cause the boys to feel themselves self-supporting, and not paupers. A 
 boy who has ordina ry physical strength and wits can earn at least a few cents 
 a day, and for his own sake he should be compelled to do so. At the same 
 time, if a boy applies at the Lodging-House without money he is not turned 
 away, but receives food and a bed just as if he paid for them. 
 
 Since its foundation, some thirty-eight years ago, the Lodging-House has 
 taken in about a quarter of a million boys. The expenses have amounted to 
 something like |450,000, of which the boys themselves have contributed about 
 one-third. Connected with the institution are a good gymnasium, a library, a 
 reading-room, and a day and night industrial school. Besides lodging, feeding 
 and educating, a good proportion of the boj's are provided with permanent 
 homes and emploj'ment. 
 
 Xlie Five Points Mission, not far from Park Row and City Hall, is 
 the site of the most wickedly notorious quarter in New York, namel^^, the 
 old Five Points. Walking down Worth, formerly Anthony, Street, the 
 visitor reaches a small " square," really a triangle, formed by the junction of 
 Worth, Park and Baxter Streets. This triangle was known as " Paradise 
 Park " at a time, some forty years ago, when it was like the mouth of hell 
 itself. Nothing in the Whitechapel district of London, or the Court of 
 Miracles of Paris, could more than parallel this den of savage crime, misery 
 and filth. Dickens, who had seen the worst of his own metropolis, speaks of 
 it with horror. The streets that led to it were lined with tumble-town tene- 
 ments, fairly awful in their malignant dirt, disease and sin. Starvation, rob- 
 bery, murder, and bodily ills of the most loathsome sort held sway here. 
 Every night some frightful crime was committed in the gloomy alleys leading 
 into the poisonous depths of the rookeries, and the police were powerless to 
 protect the victims or to bring the criminals to justice. In 1850 the Ladies' 
 Home Missionary Society, of the Methodist Church, was formed to redeem 
 this blotch upon the cit3^ For two years the struggle went on against o^ 
 
4G 
 
 BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 stacles which might have disheartened any body of men, hut the devoted v/omen 
 held on. Schools, prayer-meetings, temperance gatherings were held, mission 
 work from house to house, charity, persuasion, help, moral and physical, — all 
 these agents finally broke through the hideous night and let in the first gleams 
 of dawn. " The Old Brewery," on one of the corners— a den which had wit- 
 nessed enough of vice and misery to have blighted its very walls— was pur- 
 chased, and upon its site was erected the Five Points Mission. Since then law 
 and order have entered this wretched section, and it has ceased to be the peril 
 and the disgrace of the city. Many of the squalid hovels have given place to 
 tall factories and business houses, and the backbone of the dragon that 
 
 MULBERRY BEND. 
 
 haunted the region has been broken. At the Mission religious instruction is 
 given. There is a day-school, with an industrial department, a cooking-school 
 and a fresh-air home. The deserving poor are supplied with clothing, food 
 and medicines. Lodgings, with several sets of rooms for destitute families, 
 are provided. 
 
 The Tombs is the most celebrated — if the word can be properly used in 
 such a connection — of New York prisons. It is situated on Centre Street, 
 between Leonard and Franklin Streets, and its outward aspect is grim and 
 terrifying. It is built of granite in a quasi-Egyptian style, with receding 
 walls, heavy copings, columns with lotus capitals, and heavy-browed 
 
BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 47 
 
 entrances, and the whole crouching, ugly configuration seems to express 
 something of the vast mass of sorrow, crime, and despair which has marked 
 its history. Here was in old daj^s the pond or lake called the Collect, in 
 some places from 40 to 100 feet deep. On the Collect John Fitch experi- 
 mented with his screw propeller steamboat in 1790. The Collect was filled in, 
 and later on the Tombs was built upon a part of the quagmire. The Tombs, 
 it is said, first received its sinister name from the number of prisoners who 
 died in its damp cells. The Tombs Police Court and the Court of Special 
 Sessions are held here. From the latter court the " Bridge of Sighs " leads 
 to the prison, and across this bridge convicted criminals are led. The visitor 
 maj' obtain a permit from the Commissioners of Charities and Corrections, 66 
 Third Avenue, to go through the Tombs. 
 
 Mulberry Bend occurs where Mulberry Street turns sharp around, not 
 far from Bayard Street. Here swarm Italians, Chinese, Polish Jews, and 
 other foreigners of the lowest class. Many of the houses which line the 
 narrow thoroughfare are tall, old, ramshackle brick tenements, crammed 
 from cellar to roof with families whose way of life is as mysterious as it is 
 uncanny. Dirt, misery, darkness, and disease are rampant. Despite the best 
 efforts of the Health Board and the police, the dwellings are pestiferous, 
 physically and morally. The streets and alleys are laden with festering refuse, 
 and every species of crime and suffering exist, seemingly beyond the reach of 
 law or sympathy. Here for two cents one may get shelter in a chair all night, 
 together with a meal — what the meal is imagination prefers not to conceive. 
 Some of the dives are known by such significant names as " Bandits' Roost," 
 " Blazes," and other titles hardly to be recorded here. 
 
 Cliinato-wn is that part of Mott Street from Park Row to Bayard 
 Street, where the natives of the Flowery Kingdom have collected in the 
 ancient tenements and rookeries, and made the region practically their own. 
 Here are Chinese shops, opium joints, laundries, restaurants and dwellings. 
 Here, too, the initiated may find in secret back rooms, up rickety stairs and 
 along dark, greasy corridors, "fan-tan " games going on; while in the res- 
 taurants are openly displayed the sofas, covered with cheap torn calico, and the 
 stands with the lamps and bottles where opium smoking is indulged in. These 
 restaurants are strange places, and well worth a visit by those who are anx- 
 ious to test Chinese cookery. For one dollar you ma}' procure a meal suffi- 
 cient in quantity for three ordinary people, and some of tiie dishes are ex- 
 tremely appetizing, while all are mysterious in appearance and taste. Rice, 
 perfumed pork, stuffed ducks' feet, birds'-nest soup, a dozen varieties of 
 oriental fish, cocks' combs, dried eels, and a dozen other odd and unusual 
 forms of animal or vegetable aliment may be had, with unlimited tea and a 
 sort of fiery rice brandy dispensed in tiny cups of porcelain. Ever3^thing is 
 .'^'^Tupulously clean, though the surroundings are bare and by no means in- 
 viting. You are given a pair of chop sticks and an odd-shaped fork, though, 
 in deference to American ways, spoons and knives are furnished, if requested. 
 Signs on colored paper and oil-cloth, printed in Chinese text, hang against the 
 walls of the various buildings, or in the windows, or protrude on sticks over 
 Lne doors. The inhabitants in their baize or cloth shirts and cloaks and char- 
 
48 
 
 BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 acteristic round felt hats, hang- about the steps or lounge listlessly along the 
 sidewalks. White girls, vividly painted, with brazen hair and manners, chat- 
 ter with the yellow-skinned celestials in reeking hallways. At No. 6 Mott 
 Street is a genuine Chinese temple where, in a small way, no doubt, the cere- 
 monial is carried on, and the joss-sticks burned with as much zeal as if the 
 temple were in the heart of Pekin. Just beyond is the school and church of 
 the Transfiguration, with an image of Christ in a niche above the entrance. 
 Many of the small, dingy-looking shops with colored lanterns over the doors 
 are Chinese importing houses, and their owners are wealthy. The quarter is 
 squalid and dirty, but many of the occupants are reall}^ very rich, most of 
 them well to do, and few or none really poor. Night is the 
 best time to make a tour of Chinatown, when, in the company 
 of a detective from Police Headquarters, the peculiarities of 
 the quarter are most apparent. 
 
 fjfpVr ,. . 
 
 Cliatliaiti Square was, 
 
 a few years ago, a cheap clothing market, pre- 
 sided over by Jews, and had a degree of local celebrity on that account. The 
 Pig Boot of Chatham Street, a huge wooden sign, was at one time quite 
 famous, and "by the Big Boot on Chatham Street," was a harmless oath 
 almost as popular as " by the Great Horn Spoon." The great boot has disap- 
 peared, but many of the Jew clothing shops remain, and one may still witness 
 the ancient methods of selling goods, the sudden darting out of the shop- 
 keeper upon some verdant looking passer-by, followed by a scuffle and the 
 capture of the victim. At this point the Second and Third Avenue Elevated 
 Railway systems separate, the main line continuing on down towards the Bat- 
 terjs while a branch carries passengers to the City Hall and the Bridge. Nearly 
 
BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 49 
 
 the whole of Chatham Square is roofed in by the stations and platforms of the 
 elevated roads. 
 
 Division Street may be reached from the Bowery at Chatham Square. 
 The trade carried on in this thoroug-hfare is perhaps as curious a sight as 
 any in New York. The street is almost entirely given up to millinery stores, 
 and the sidewalks are lined by attendants who practice the same tactics with 
 women as are practiced with men on Chatham Square. It is no uncommon 
 sight to see a woman, evidently from the country, seized by a male or female 
 and carried bodily into the adjacent shop regardless of her expostulations, the 
 chances being in such cases that the victim will not escape without leaving a 
 portion of the contents of her pocket-book in exchange for some article of 
 head-wear which she does not want. 
 
 Tlie Bowery is one of the great arteries of the lower portion of the 
 city. It has been called the German Broadway. It is one of the oldest 
 thoroughfares in New York, as its name, derived from the Dutch Bauerie, a 
 farm, would indicate. At one time, not many years since, it was the center of 
 
 ESSEX STREET. 
 
50 BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 the tough element hi the city. The Bowery boys and girls have been the themes 
 of many popularballads,andinthedaysof the volunteer flre department "Mose 
 and Lize " of the play might be met in the flesh here. But -Mose and Lize have 
 passed away, perhaps to the gold fields of California, perhaps to grow into 
 old age and respectability on a Western farm, and their progeny keep shops 
 on the west side, or perhaps have become well-known city politicians or even 
 snug and wealthy residents of Madison Avenue. The phosphorescent glory 
 of the Bowery has departed, and its place is filled by the glare of beer saloons, 
 and the electric lights of cheap resorts. The decent German and the dubious 
 Polish Jew have succeeded the ancient population. Near Canal Street and the 
 Bowery is the Thalia Theatre, once the principal German plav-house in the 
 city, and, earlier still, the famous Bowery Theatre where some of the greatest 
 of dramatic stars had their rising in this country. 
 
 Grand Street runs from the East River, crossing Canal to Desbrosses 
 Street. The street is crowded with Polish Jews, both residents and keepers 
 of shops, or venders of small wares along the sidewalk. Grand Street is an 
 artery of trade and certain classes of cheap goods may be bought here at 
 wonderfully low prices, suiting the means of the vast section of poor people for 
 which Grand Street is a main thoroughfare. At all times of the day and dur- 
 ing a great part of the night, it literally swarms, not only with the thousands 
 who buy and sell, but with the other thousands who, either lacking homes or 
 possessing homes hardly fit to kennel in, wander along the street, congregate 
 at corners and pass their lives in aimless slouching from place to place. At 
 Grand and Elm are the offices of the Board of Education. From this center, the 
 admirable system of public schools is managed; the S3^stem, considering its 
 opportunities, being well-nigh perfect. Just above Grand, on Ludlow Street, 
 is the well-known Ludlow Street Jail, where prisoners arrested on civil pro- 
 ceedings, or by order of the Federal Courts, are confined. This is a county 
 jail, and the visitor can inspect it by getting a permit from the sheriff at the 
 County Court House. Office hours from 9 a. m. till 4 p. m. 
 
 Essex Street is just back of Ludlow Street and here is the Essex 
 Market Police Court, famous in newspaper reports for many trials of minor 
 "celebrated cases." The dingy walls of this court-room are pages crowded 
 with the darkest history of human sin and suffering which only the pen of a 
 Dickens or a Zola could relate in fitting language. The visitor should b}' 
 all means spend an hour or two in the forenoon here, no permit being required. 
 
 St. Aug^ustiue Cliapel, on Houston Street, not far east of the Bowery, 
 the only Protestant-Episcopal Church in this district, where there are but few 
 churches of any kind, was erected for the purpose of trying to bring in the 
 poor people of this vast quarter, and to instruct their children. The 
 noticeable feature of the chapel is that on Sundays and church holidays the 
 cross on the spire is illuminated, and the symbol may be seen far and wide 
 over the thickly-crowded hovels and tenements, a sign of hope, let us believe, 
 to manj' suffering wretches. The church is in fine Gothic style and beautifully 
 decorated. From the gate to the colored windows in the rear, there is a fine 
 distance of over 200 feet. The bell was made nearly two hundred years ago 
 and was given to New York's Trinity about four or five years later. 
 
BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 51 
 
 Astor Library is a large building' of brown stone and brick. It was 
 originally endowed by John Jacob Astor, who died in 1848, leaving $400,000 
 for the library. It is situated upon the west side of Lafayette Place, not far 
 from the corner of Astor Place. William B. Astor and John Jacob Astor 
 added, respectively, $550,000 and $700,000. The library was originally in 
 Bond Street, where in 1849 it numbered about twenty thousand volumes. The 
 present edifice was opened in 1854, 
 two wings having been added to the 
 main building since. The library is 
 open from 9 a. m. till 5 P. M. during 
 the greater part of the year. In 
 winter the library closes at 4 P. m. 
 The Astor is not a circulating, but a 
 reference library. It contains now 
 something over 270,000 volumes, and 
 the estate with which it is endowed 
 is supposed to be worth about 
 $2,000,000. The statistics of the 
 year last past show that about 
 70,000 persons visited the library as 
 readers. The library has a splendid 
 collection of rare books and manu- 
 scripts, the earliest date, 870 a. d., 
 being a fine illuminated vellum. 
 
 GRACE CHURCH. 
 
52 BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 There is also a splendid parchment of the seventeenth century, bound 
 in purple morocco, containing" antiphonal music used by the Roman Cath- 
 olic Church, with many fine paintings and miniatures. Among the valu- 
 able possessions of the library are one of the six copies of the first letter of 
 Columbus describing his discovery of the new world, the first edition of the 
 Bible printed with a date, an original copy of the papal bull against Luther, 
 three folio editions of Shakespeare, dated 1623, 1632 and 1685, with many auto- 
 graph letters of celebrated men. For the student and man of letters, the 
 Astor Library is one of the most interesting points in New York, 
 
 Tlie Bible House. And now we come to a building that has had and 
 still exerts a wider influence over the human race here and abroad than any other 
 in the city. This plain, unpretentious, but massive structure, filling the whole 
 block enclosed by Third and Fourth Avenues and Eighth and Ninth Streets, 
 is the celebrated Bible House, the home of the American Bible Society, 
 founded in 1816, settled in this house in 1853, and employing 500 people in 
 the printing of the Word of God in English, German, French, Italian, Nor- 
 wegian, Danish, Welsh, Finnish, Hungarian, Bohemian, Polish, Russian, 
 Chinese, Hebrew, Arabic, Japanese, Pongee, Zulu, Hawaian, Persian, Hin- 
 dostani, and many American Indian dialects. 
 
 Since its institution this society has sent out to the world more than 
 52,736,073 Bibles. Its income, derived wholly from voluntary donations, is 
 immense, but so is its expenditure. Agents are employed to visit families, 
 ships in port, emigrant depots, and its colporteurs pervade the earth carrying 
 the " glad tidings of great J03' to all people." 
 
 In this building is to be found a rich collection of copies of the Holy 
 Scriptures, including the editions of 1611, the first Bible printed in the United 
 States, the Caxton Memorial Bible, the Oxford edition (reprint of 1833), the 
 Cambridge " Paragraph " Bible, the " Psaltorium Americanum " of 1718, the 
 *' Breeches Bible," so-called because in Genesis, chap, iii., verse 7, the text 
 says : " He made them breeches of fig leaves "; the " Vinegar Bible," which 
 takes its curious designation from the fact that, in the twenty-second chapter 
 of Luke, the word "vinegar" is used for "vineyard," together with the 
 archives of the American revisers and the collection of MSS. made for their 
 use. Among them is a Hebrew roll on vellum, containing part of the Penta- 
 teuch, which rare MSS. was brought from China, in which conservative 
 country it had lain neglected for centuries till discovered and rescued by our 
 missionaries. 
 
 The Ne-w York Historical Society has its home on the southeas*: 
 corner of Eleventh Street and Second Avenue. This society was establishei 
 in 1804, " for the collecting and preserving of whatever might relate to the 
 natural, civil and ecclesiastical history of the United States in general, and 
 the great and sovereign State of New York in particular." The museum and 
 library of the society are open on week days from 9 a. m till 6 p. m., except 
 during' the torrid month of August, on presentation of a member's card. 
 The library contains 75,000 books and 2,700 bound volumes of American 
 newspapers, from 1704 to the present year, besides a huge collection of MSS. 
 and documents dating from the first colonization of the country to the late 
 
STATUE OF LAFAYETTE 
 
54 
 
 BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 civil war. History, heraldry and chronologj^ are well represented. It is 
 hither that our local " Kings-at-Arms " resort, when it is a question of 
 tracing- blue blood through muddy channels to its original fount of honor — 
 European nobility. 
 
 The accumulation of American antiquities, supplemented by valuable 
 collections of foreign art, literature, and archgeology, has grown to such noble 
 proportions as to crowd the present building to inconvenience, and it is full 
 time that a more fitting and convenient local habitation should be found. 
 Among the inimitable rarities hidden here for lack of space and proper 
 service are fourteen original portraits of the "Incas," with their names and 
 the order of their reigns. There are also Audubon's original aquarelles for 
 his "Birds of America," and many examples of early American art from 
 the easel of Benjamin West, who afterwards transferred his allegiance to 
 England, and was the favorite of Hanoverian royalty ; Washington Allston's 
 painting of th€ wonderful " Uriel in the Sun," the deftly-blended prismatic 
 hues of which fairly dazzle like the solar orb itself, and Stuart, Peale, Cole and 
 Jarvis. There are also specimens of the old masters and various Egyptian 
 sculptures, mummies, and other relics of that land of wonder and mystery 
 from which so much of our modern civilization is derived. 
 
 Grace Cliurcli, on the block north of Tenth Street, on the east side of 
 Broadway, is an exquisitely beautiful group of ecclesiastical buildings, con- 
 sisting of the church itself, the clergy house, with a library and reading-room 
 open to all members of the parish, and a chantry, in which daily services of 
 prayer and praise are held. There is no more charming view, even in the 
 great cathedral towns of Europe, than that offered by this oasis of four- 
 teenth century Gothic architecture and nineteenth century gardening, break- 
 ing and beautifying the turbid stream of busy life that surges through Broad- 
 way. The one thing needful to complete its beauty is the possession of the 
 ground on the Tenth Street corner, now occupied by a restaurant. Were 
 that space fittingly filled by ecclesiastical edifices of congenial design, the 
 view would be well-nigh without a rival. 
 
 The chancel contains two fine organs, a choir organ on the left of the altar, 
 and a great organ in the music loft over the main door. These noble instru- 
 ments are joined by an electrical conductor, and are under the control of the 
 organist. The chancel and the organs are the gift of Miss Catherine Loril- 
 lard Wolfe, in memory of her father. The church has also several splendid 
 memorial windows, and the main door is rich with marble sculptures pre- 
 sented by the Schermerhorn family. 
 
 As yet the choir is not a vested one, like that of Trinity, but no doubt will 
 conform in time to the cathedral custom of white surplices and boy trebles. 
 
 Grace Church was founded m 1805, at the corner of Broadway and Rector 
 Street, and moved up-town with its congregation in 184C. It is a rich church, 
 almost as well to do as Trinity, and possesses a most melodious chime of bells, 
 which " sound so grand " on snow-covered Broadway at Christmas-tide, when 
 crowds may be seen standing on the sidewalks, listening enraptured to the 
 *'Adeste Fideles," the "Old Hundred," and the dismissal melody of 
 *' Home, Sweet Home." 
 
BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 55 
 
 STATUE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Union Square forty years ago was the "Ultima Thule " of New York 
 City civilization. Beyond that was the " Debateable Ground," studded 
 with fine old country mansions, a specimen of which may still be seen in g-ood 
 order and repair at the corner of l()4th Street and Eighth Avenue, the 
 house in which the celebrated Aaron Burr once had his dwelling. The square, 
 for many years, was railed in as Gramercy Park is to-day, but under the 
 extravagant and corrupt, but broadly decorative, " Tweed ring" government, 
 the obnoxious and restrictive bars were removed, the ground laid out, and the 
 exquisite water garden formed, which, in summer, makes the center of Union 
 
56 
 
 BROADWAY AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 Square an oriental paradise. There is no more delightful thing on this earth 
 than the plot where the Egyptian and Indian lotos, the water lily of Japan, 
 the water poppy of South America and the papj^rus of the Nile, grow together 
 like a happy family, shedding beauty and perfume around. And now extend- 
 ing on each side of Broadway 
 
 Fourteentli Street bustles and seethes, a busy, brilliant scene, in which 
 shops of all kinds, from the gaudy, flashy French restaurant and cafe to the 
 sober but magnificent dry-goods store, spread their snares for the passer-by. 
 
 It is a bazaar, the whole street, from the Domestic building to the renowned 
 " Macy's " on the west, and a Piccadilly on the east, one all shops and 
 business, the other all taverns and amusement. Fourteenth Street is cow the 
 dividing line between " Up " and " Down " town — even asBleecker Street was 
 in the days of our fathers, and Canal Street in that of our grandfathers. 
 
 The great bronze statue of Washington graces fitly this boundary ; the 
 Father of his Country sits majestically on his war horse in the midst of the 
 metropolis which his valor and discretion made possible, as the guardian 
 genius of the place. 
 
 The statue is by H. K. Brown, and looks towards the noble figure of his 
 friend and associate in heroism, the Marquis de Lafayette, which graces the 
 southern end of Union Square, and that of Lincoln, the martyr, on the south- 
 west. 
 
FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD, 
 
 Xlie Wasliington Arch is the new and beautiful memorial arch erected 
 on the historic site, Washington Square, formerly called " The Parade 
 Ground," which served in early times as a *' place d' armes " for military 
 drills and public meetings. 
 
 The square contains nine acres of land and is planted with splendid trees, 
 the umbrageous shade of which is grateful to the eye in summer time. 
 
 This square was formerly the most aristocratic dwelling-place in New York, 
 and there still remains many grand mansions of red brick pointed with white 
 marble on the north side. Behind these relics of the olden times there is a 
 
58 FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 genuine mews, " The Washington Mews," which, as in London squares, 
 afford a place of stabling for the horses and carriages of the wealthy inhab- 
 itants, and dwellings for the coachmen and grooms. Stately as these mansions 
 are, they are built on what was once a " potter's field." 
 
 The Washington Arch, which forms an imposing and appropriate entrance 
 to the well-known Fifth Avenue, is of white marble and designed by Stan- 
 ford White. It is 86 feet high, with a span of 30 feet, and the piers are 10 
 feet each in width. 
 
 The erection of this arch was suggested by a temporary erection on the 
 same plan by the same author, which was put up for the Washington Cen- 
 tennial in 1889. 
 
 The castellated building which, since 1832, has been the home of the 
 School of Arts and Sciences and the Law School of the New York University, 
 but which will give place to the new University Building beyond Carmans- 
 ville, is a noteworthy object. Here Samuel F. B. Morse made the experiments 
 which, later, *' put a girdle round the earth in forty minutes," and here John 
 W. Draper carried out his photographic and philosophical speculations and 
 trials. 
 
 The Studio Buildings stands on the north side of Tenth Street, between 
 Fifth and Sixth Avenues, and is the first especially devoted to pictorial art 
 in New York. It is of brick, and imposing in appearance. Many fine artists, 
 among whom is William M. Chase, have their quarters here. 
 
 Tlie Ne^w York Hospital is situated on the north side of Fifteenth 
 Street, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues, extending through to Sixteenth 
 Street. It was built in 1877, but the institution itself is the oldest in town and 
 stood formerly on Broadway, where Thomas Street now is. It was opened 
 regularly in 1791. The hospital is affiliated with the Bloomingdale Asylum 
 for the Insane, and both institutions have done excellent service. 
 
 The dwelling-house of the faculty, on Sixteenth Street, is a splendid man- 
 sion covered with ivy in the summer. 
 
 The Judge Building is a magnificent structure on Fifth Avenue, at 
 the corner of Sixteenth Street, and further towards Sixth Avenue is the Jesuit 
 Church of St. Francis Xavier ; adjoining which and having a main front on 
 Sixth Avenue is the fine building devoted to the Greenwich Savings Bank — a 
 strange conjunction of temples to God and Mammon. 
 
 Passing upwards, we come to Twenty-third Street, which is a replica of 
 Fourteenth Street, having the well-known Fifth Avenue Hotel and the 
 celebrated 
 
 madison Square ; a charming plot of ground, well wooded, and con- 
 taining a fountain that sparkles in the sun like a jet of diamonds. A memorial 
 monument to General Worth stands in a small triangle on the northeast 
 corner, nearly opposite to a rather Philistinic statue of Admiral Farragut in 
 undress naval uniform, standing on what looks like a petrified sea. The 
 garden of the square is prettily laid out, and in the season of flowers, makes 
 a goodly show. 
 
 The National Academy of Design, a " picture in little " of the 
 Doge's Palace in Venice, is on the corner of Twenty-third Street and Fourth 
 
60 FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 Avenue, and is a beautiful building- of white marble with layers of a light 
 g-ray tint. Immediately opposite is the 
 
 Young: Men's Christian Association, where lectures are given to 
 young men free, and a gymnasium and other appliances are also to be enjoyed. 
 
 On the corner of Madison Square and occupying the whole of the block 
 bounded by Madison and Fourth Avenues, Twenth-sixth and Twenty-seventh 
 Streets, is the beautiful 
 
 Madison Square Garden and Theatre, an exquisitely proportioned 
 buiidmg in the Renaissance style, designed by Stanford White, built of pressed 
 brick, terra cotta and polished granite, with a grand colonnade, an amphi- 
 theatre capable of holding 15,000 people, the largest hall in the world, a 
 beautiful theatre, a grand ball-room in the style of Louis XVI., which 
 has space for 1,500 people, a restaurant and open-air roof garden large enough 
 for 3,000 visitors, and illuminated by myriads of electric lights. On the 
 southeast corner is the much-talked-of "Diana Tower," 300 feet high, 
 and crowned by a figure of the Goddess of the Chase drawing her bow in the 
 teeth of the wind. 
 
 On the corner of Broadway and Twenty-sixth Street, and running through 
 to Madison Square, is the far-famed restaurant 
 
 Delmonico's, which, for perfection of cooking, excellence of viands and 
 deftness of service is unrivalled in America and Europe. 
 
 It was first established down town on the corner of William and Beaver 
 Streets, on which site a branch of the restaurant still does a flourishing busi- 
 ness. Then, supplemented by a house at 23 Broad Street, still progressing up 
 town with the growth of the city, resting for a while at a spot opposite the 
 Cit}^ Hall Park, and afterwards at the northeast corner of Fifth Avenue and 
 Fourteenth Street, finally settling its headquarters in its present location. 
 Delmonico's has held its own against all comers. Next in esteem as a. 
 place for good fare is the 
 
 Hoffman House, on Broadway opposite the Worth Monument. This 
 hotel is noted for the splendor of its appointments and especially for the 
 magnificence of its bar-room, in which paintings b}' the best masters, sculp- 
 ture of the first merit, and bric-a-brac fit to adorn a palace are lavishly em- 
 ployed to decorate the shrine of Bacchus. 
 
 The cellar and kitchen are on a par with the furnishings, making, in all, 
 one of the most perfect of hotels. 
 
 The block extending between Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth Streets on 
 the west side of Fifth Avenue is part of the great Astor estate, which owns 
 some 2,700 dwelling-houses and yields a yearly income of $13,000,000. This 
 colossal property, which has been kept in the possession of the family by 
 agreement, just as the wealth of the Rothschilds has been preserved from 
 division in Europe, was founded by John Jacob Astor, when coming out to 
 America as the agent of a firm of musical instrument manufacturers, headed 
 by his uncle and the well-known Broadwood, of London ; changed his voca- 
 tion to that of a fur dealer, and died worth $20,000,000. 
 
 Astoria, at the mouth of the Columbia River, in Oregon, and the great 
 Astor Library, in Lafayette Place, owe their foundation to this pioneer mil- 
 
rx 
 
 
 MADISON SQUARE GARDEN 
 
62 FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 lionaire, who also built the Astor House as a birthday gift to his son. 
 
 On the corner of Thirty-third Street and Fifth Avenue stands the new 
 " Hotel Waldorf," built by William Waldorf Astor, and not j^et quite 
 finished. The hotel and its builder are both named after the village of Wal- 
 dorf, near Heidelburg, in which the founder of the great Astor family first 
 saw the light. This hotel will be a marvel of beauty and luxury when 
 completed. 
 
 On the corner of Fifth Avenue and Thirty-fourth Street is the grand 
 marble mansion built by A. T. Stewart, the most successful dry-goods mer- 
 chant in the world, who, from a poor lad of Scotch-Irish birth, rose to be a 
 millionaire many times over and a power in the land. This palace, for it is 
 nothing less, is now the home of the Manhattan Club, and is, beyond all doubt, 
 the most imposing club-house now existing in any city. 
 
 Turning westward we come to 
 
 Xlie New " Herald " Building^, with its west front on Broad- 
 way, its east side on Sixth Avenue, its north side on Thirty-sixth Street, and 
 its south front on Thirty-fifth Street, thus occupying the blunt apexed 
 triangle ending with the Dodge statue. 
 
 The following description, quoted from the Journalist, will give a good 
 idea of what this new departure in journalistic architecture will be when 
 finished : 
 
 " The style of the building to rise on this ample site will be pure Italian 
 Renaissance, modeled upon the palaces of Verona, Padua and Venice, the 
 special type most closely followed being that of the Palace of the Counsels 
 at Verona. 
 
 " On three sides there will be deeply recessed arcades behind columns of 
 polished granite. The balance of the fronts will be of artificial stone, richly 
 ornamented and inlaid with marbles. 
 
 " The fagade of the building facing the square will be surmounted by a 
 clock, bells and chimes, similar to those in the clock tower of the Piazza San 
 Marco, in Venice. Two colossal figures, representing type-setters, will stand 
 on either side of the bell with uplifted maces to strike the hours, the quarters 
 and half-hours. 
 
 " The cornice will be surmounted by statues of Minerva at and near the 
 corners, and by owls at all other points. The eyes of the owls will each con- 
 tain an electric light that will appear and disappear at intervals, thus afford- 
 ing an effective and novel outline illumination. The beauty of the building at 
 night is expected to be one of the triumphs of the design, and the arcade, with 
 its polished columns and shadows, will add much in this respect. The window 
 lights are also designed to contribute greatly to the general effect. 
 
 " The main entrance to the offices will be from the faeade on Thirty-fifth 
 Street, through the deeply recessed porch or arcade, into the counting-room. 
 This room will be very large and rich in marbles and metal work. 
 
 " The basement will contain the engine room, machine shop, boiler room 
 and general storage and roller rooms. 
 
 " The press room will have its foundation on the solid rock of the base- 
 ment, but in height will extend up to the second story. In this room the great 
 
64 
 
 FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 presses will be in operation, and they will be in full view from the Broadway 
 side, for there the arcade wall will be of plate glass. This feature of the build- 
 ing will make it one of the great attractions of the metropolis— for who is it 
 that is not fascinated by the sight of great machinery in motion ? To see 
 90,000 papers reeled off in an hour by a single press is worth a journey, and 
 to see five presses racing in such gigantic work is something to remember for 
 a lifetime. When the Herald moves up-town the spectacle will be free and 
 unrestricted to all. 
 
 " The first, or ground floor, will contain the counting room, mail room, 
 
 stereotype room and delivery room, besides the upper part of the press room. 
 
 " The second floor will be reached by a grand staircase and elevator. 
 
 From the large main hall will open out the reception room, the offices and 
 
 rooms of the proprietor, busi- 
 ness manager, the auditor, 
 council room, and the like. The 
 rest of the second floor will 
 contain the city department, 
 the rooms of the editors, the 
 telegraph room, the library, etc. 
 " Tlie top floor will be occu- 
 pied by the composing depart- 
 ment and the art department, 
 and will be amply lighted from 
 the sides and roof. 
 
 S^^'"^^ 
 
 33d street. 
 
 UP-TOWN STATION 6TH AVENUE 
 ELEVATED ROAD. 
 
 " The building will be entirely of solid masonry and iron work, and will 
 be perfectly fire-proof. The height to the eaves will be forty-two feet, and to 
 the crown of the pitched tile roof fifty-four feet." 
 
 A little higher up is 
 
FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 65 
 
 Tlie l^etropolitan Opera House, which stands on the west side of 
 Eroadway, occupying- the block between Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Streets, 
 nearly opposite the Casino. The opera house is built of yellow brick, in the 
 style of Italian Renaissance, of which so many examples are to be found in the 
 later New York, having- completely overcome the pseudo-Greco style of former 
 days, g-reatly to the beautifying of the city. The house was burnt out, as far 
 as the interior fittings g-o, on the 27th of August, 1892, only the outer walls 
 being- left standing. It was a magnificent Temple of the Muses, with the most 
 capacious auditorium in the world, and a stage only exceeded in space by the 
 Opera at Paris and the Imperial Opera at St. Petersburg, Russia. 
 
 METROPOLITAN OPERA HOUSE. 
 
 Union L.eagfue Club has its convenient and. handsome house on 
 the northeast corner of Fifth Avenue and Thirty-ninth Street. In politics 
 this club IS Republican, and ranks with the Carlton Club, of London, as the 
 most important conservative club in the United States. 
 
 On May 12, 1863, it had its quarters at 26 East Seventeenth Street, and 
 was definitely incorporated on February 16, 1865. On the first of April the 
 club removed to a house on the southeast corner of Twenty-sixth Street and 
 Madison Avenue, now occupied by the University Club, and entered its present 
 building on March 5, 1881. 
 
 As the name denotes — the Union League is devotedly attached to the 
 doctrine : 
 
66 
 
 FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 " The union of States, 
 The union of hands, 
 The union of hearts none shall sever." 
 
 The present clubhouse is in the Queen Anne style, occupies 84 feet on 
 Fifth Avenue and 139 feet on Thirty-ninth Street, and the architects are 
 Peabody and Stearns, of Boston, Mass. 
 
 Turning- to the right at Forty-second Street, we come to the 
 
 Grand. Central Railroad Depot, which extends to Forty-fifth Street 
 on the north side of Foui th Ave- 
 nue, a magnificent structure of 
 pressed brick and iron, 695 feet 
 long- by 240 wide. Hence start 
 the New York Central and Hud- 
 son River Railroad, the New York 
 and Harlem, a branch of the first, 
 and the New York, New Haven 
 and Hartford. 
 
 The main span of the depot 
 in which these roads 
 meet, and whence they 
 start, is covered by an 
 arch of glass 110 feet 
 
 GRAND CENTRAL RAILROAD DEPOT. 
 
FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 67 
 
 in height, with a span of 200 feet, and can easily house 12 trains of 12 coaches 
 each. There is also an annex, covering half the block, between Fourth and 
 Lexington Avenues, from Forty-second to Forty-fifth Streets, used for in- 
 coming trains and waiting rooms. 
 
 About 125 trains arrive and depart daily, and every sort of accommoda- 
 tion is lavishly provided for travelers, who can be fed, shaved, dressed and 
 polished up, under its roof. 
 
 A branch of the Third Avenue Elevated Railroad has a station here, from 
 which point of view our illustration is taken, and which runs from the depot 
 to Third Avenue, transferring passengers at either point. 
 
 At Madison Avenue and Forty-fifth Street 
 stands, in solid majestj^ of form, the Temple of 
 Alcides, called in the common 
 
 The lHaiiliattaii Atliletic Club.— The 
 building is of noble proportions, and adds to the 
 architectural beauty of Madison Avenue. The 
 facade of the building is impos- 
 ing, and the general architect- 
 ural design is of the Renais- 
 sance period. It is absolutely 
 fire-proof, six stories high, with 
 a roof garden, which is covered 
 by a high peaked roof of tiling. 
 The frontage is 125 feet 10 
 inches on Madison Avenue, 115 
 feet in depth on Forty-fifth 
 Street, and 125 feet in depth on 
 the southerly side. 
 
 In no part of the world is 
 the culture of the body more 
 gorgeously housed than in this 
 grand building, and the neo- 
 phytes are worthy of the shrine, 
 for the " Cherry Diamond " is 
 the coveted decoration of all 
 who call themselves athletes. 
 The Temple Emanu-el is situated on the northeast corner of Fifth 
 Avenue and Forty-third Street. It is devoted to the rites of the Hebrew faith 
 in its more liberal aspect, and its congregation numbers in its membership 
 the wealthiest and most influential of the Jewish inhabitants of New York. 
 
 The synagogue is built in the Saracenic mode of architecture, and cost an 
 immense sum. The minarets, with their beautiful open work, are conspicuous 
 objects on Fifth Avenue. The materials used in its construction are brown 
 and yellow sandstone, with roof tiling of black and red alternating. As an 
 instance of the liberal mindedness of this congregation and its ministers, it 
 may be remarked that on the destruction by fire of a Unitarian Church some 
 years ago, the synagogue hospitably opened its doors to the homeless congre- 
 
 MANHATTAN ATHLETIC CLUB. 
 
68 
 
 FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 g-ation, and Christian and Jew met in kindly brotherhood under its arched 
 roof. 
 
 Tlie Jay Could Mansion, No. 579 Fifth Avenue, on the northeast 
 corner of Forty-seventli Street, is a fine brown stone building crowned by an 
 imposing" mansard roof of blue slate, which appropriately houses the most 
 successful and solid " self-made man " in the United States. 
 
 From a country 
 lad and son of a farm- 
 er, this remarkable 
 man has evolved 
 through the stages of 
 bookkeeper to a black- 
 smith, county surve}'^- 
 or, lumber dealer, 
 banker and broker, 
 in which capacity he 
 rules his financial 
 realm despotically, 
 and is, in fact, the 
 Railroad King of 
 America, and, more 
 autocratic still, the 
 Emperor of Tele- 
 graphs. Mr. Gould 
 is a little man, but a 
 great power. 
 
 TEMPLK EMANU-EL. 
 
FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. G9 
 
 Walking up Madison Avenue, we come to 
 
 Columbia College, which occupies the entire block bounded by 
 Forty-ninth and Fiftieth Streets, Madison and Fourth Avenues, and is, prob- 
 ably, the greatest educational institution in New York City. It was first 
 chartered under the name of King's College, October 31, 1734, and held its 
 classes in the school-house of Trinity Church, which wealthy corporation had 
 liberally contributed to its founding. 
 
 In 1755, Trinity Church granted land for a college building on Church, 
 Barclay, and Murray Streets, down to the North River, for a consideration 
 of twelve shillings and an annual peppercorn rent, stipulating that the presi- 
 dent should be a member of the Episcopal Church, and that the Protestant 
 Episcopal liturgy should be used in all collegiate services. 
 
 The college building was situated at the foot of Park Place, and was at 
 first strongly Tory and loyal to the British crown, but during the Revolution 
 the building was used for military purposes, and in May, 1784, the title was 
 altered to Columbia College, under which name it has promoted liberal educa- 
 tion and a faculty of such varied and learned professors, a curriculum of 
 such vast extent, and so discursive, including, as it does, besides the usual 
 routine of a collegiate course, law, philosophy, mining, engineering, political 
 science, and many more less important studies, that the institute amply 
 deserves the title of a university. Returning, the twin spires of 
 
 St. Patrick's Catliedral glitter in their white marble beauty in the light 
 of day, or shed a pearly lustre in the twilight, reminding the devout of the 
 buildings, "not by hands," of the New Jerusalem. 
 
 This magnificent Basilica of the Roman Catholic faith fills the whole 
 block bounded b}^ Fiftieth and Fifty-first Streets and Fifth and Madison Ave- 
 nues. 
 
 In length it extends 306 feet; the width of the nave, choir and side chapels 
 is 120 feet; the length of the transept is 140 feet; the height of the side aisles 
 54 feet ; and of the entire building, exclusive of the steeples and spires, 108 feet. 
 The material is pure white marble. The main front on Fifth Avenue has a 
 central gable 156 feet high, with a steeple and spire on each side towering to 
 the majestic height of 330 feet. In the steeples, 110 feet from the ground, hangs 
 the finest chime of bells in America, weighing just double those in Trinity 
 steeple. 
 
 The church is a fine example of the decorated Gothic. It was designed 
 hy James Renwick, after long study of the most celebrated cathedrals in 
 Europe. The corner-stone was laid b}^ Archbishop Hughes on the 15th of 
 August, 1858, and dedicated by Cardinal McCloskey on May 25, 1870. 
 
 The interior, divided into nave, two transepts, and choir, is cruciform. 
 The columns that divide the center aisle from the side aisles are 35 feet in 
 height, and are formed of four principal pillars with eight lesser shafts 
 clustered around them. The floor of the choir is six steps above the main 
 floor, and the High Altar is raised on three steps of grey marble. 
 
 The High Altar is, of course, at the east, in the center aisle. The reredos 
 was carved at St. Brienne, in Poitiers, and is the gift of the clergy of the 
 diocese. The height is 50 feet, and the width 23 feet, and in the middle tower 
 
70 FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 is a statue of our Saviour — while the flanking- towers on either hand bear effigies 
 of St. Peter — the " rock " on which the Catholic Church is founded — and of St. 
 Paul, the Apostle of the Gentiles. There are also statues of St. John, the 
 Evang-elist, bass-reliefs of the Last Supper, the carrying of the cross, and 
 the ag-ony in the Garden of Gethsemane, all of purest marble. 
 
 The tabernacle is of marble, ornamented by Roman mosaic work, with 
 pillars of rare marble, and the door of gilt bronze, set with emeralds and gar- 
 nets. It was presented to the church by Cardinal McCloske3\ 
 
 The great window of six bays, over the south transept, contains 18 scenes 
 in the life of the Saint. In the center is the celestial Coronation of St. 
 Patrick. This titular window was given by the former St. Patrick's Cathe- 
 dral on Mott Street to its offspring on Fifth Avenue, and was painted in 
 France. 
 
 Over the door of the north transept is a companion picture, representing 
 nineteen scenes from the life of the Blessed Virg-in, with her celestial corona- 
 tion in the center tracery. 
 
 The six side windows, three on a side, portray scenes of sacrifice, and 
 the five windows in the apex relate to the life of Christ. 
 
 In the last, the gift of John Raden, showing the '' Sacrifice on Calvary," 
 Cardinal McCloskejs kneeling before the altar, offers the cathedral itself. 
 
 In the " Lady's Chapel " the windows represent the " Presentation of the 
 Blessed Virgin in the Temple," presented by John Kellj^; the " Adoration of 
 the Infant Jesus," given by T. H. O'Connor ; the " Veneration of the Child," 
 given by Julia Coleman. 
 
 On the south side are "The Death of St. Joseph," "St. Alphonsus of 
 Ligouri," restoring hearing to the deaf ; St. Susanna ; and in the left hand 
 baj^ St. Teresa. 
 
 The other windows are : St. Agnes, St. James the Greater, St. Thomas, 
 St. Louis, the windows of the Sacred Heart, St. Paul's window, in memory of 
 the Rev. John Kelly; the wmdows of St. Augustine and St. Monica, St. 
 Matthias' window, St. Mark's window, St. Luke's window, the window of St. 
 Charles Borromeo, representing the plague at Milan, and St. Patrick preach- 
 ing to the Irish. 
 
 At the transept angle are : 
 
 St. Bernard preaching the Second Crusade. 
 
 The Martyrdom of St. Lawrence. 
 
 The Benediction of the Christian Brothers, by Pope Benedict XIII. 
 
 The Christian Brothers. 
 
 St. Columbanus, of lona, rebuking the King of Burgundy. 
 
 The Three Baptisms, by water, blood and fire. 
 
 St. Vincent de Paul. 
 
 St. Elizabeth, St. Andrew, and St. Catherine. 
 
 The Annunciation, St. Henrj^, in battle against the Slavonicans, The Im- 
 maculate Conception. 
 
 St. Peter and St. Paul, copies of the statues at the entrance of St. Peter's, 
 Rome. 
 
 The organ has four manuals, and two octaves and a half of pedals. The 
 
ST. PATRICK'S CATHEDRAL. 
 
72 
 
 FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 choir of singers is very numerous and effective, especially on holy days. 
 
 Between Fifty-first and Fifty-second Streets, on the west side of Fifth 
 Avenue, are sumptuous residences. 
 
 The Vanderbilt Houses were erected by William H. Vanderbilt. On 
 the north side of Fifty-second Street is the residence of Mr. "William K. 
 
 THE VANDERBII.T HOUSES. 
 
 Vanderbilt. The twin brown stone buildings were first occupied in January, 
 1882, and were built, furnished and decorated by the firm of Herts Bros. 
 
 The houses have a connecting vestibule, and the doors of Mr. Vander- 
 bilt's house are copies of the Ghiberti gates of the city of Florence, in Italy. 
 
 The interior is of regal magnificence, one suite being Japanese, another 
 earlj'^ English, and yet another Grecian. The dining-room is Italian Renais- 
 sance, the ceiling carved in panel designs of green and gold, and frescoed with 
 hunting scenes by Luminals. 
 
 The main staircase is lighted by nine gorgeous windows of stained glass, 
 by Lafarge. 
 
 The picture gallery is rich in works of the modern artists. Over the 
 arch of the main door is " The Entrance to a Theatre," by Alma Tadema. 
 Before the hearth and mantel hangs Detaille's '^ Wounded Officers." There 
 are paintings by Vibert, Villegas, Fortunj^, Millet, Van Marcke, Meissonier, 
 Gerome, Zamocois, Roydet, Breton, Bouguereau, Fiere, Daubigny, Rosa Bon- 
 heur, Diaz, Fromentin, Dupre, Knaus, and Delcroix, besides a quantity of 
 fine water-color drawings. 
 
FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 73 
 
 The Vanderbilt family has been settled in this country since 1650, and 
 may, therefore, claim genuine Knickerbocker prestige. The members of it 
 were farmers and boatmen till Cornelius, the " Commodore," began the accu- 
 mulation of wealth which has grown to such vast amplitude. First he started 
 a ferry from Staten Island to New York City. The modest rowboat expanded 
 to a steamer, the steamer increased and multiplied to a fleet, from which the 
 owner derived the title " Commodore." From water carriage he advanced 
 to land, railroads, and incalculable wealth, which the family compact keeps 
 intact, like the Astors and Rothschilds. 
 
 Where Seventh Avenue joins Fifty-seventh Street, stands in massive 
 grandeur the finest concert room in the world, 
 
 Tlie Carnegie ]IIus!$ic Hall; imagined by Dr. L. Damrosch, the 
 musician ; nourished by Mr. Morris Reno, the amateur, and realized by Mr. 
 Andrew Carnegie, the millionaire. The architecture is that of the Venetian 
 Renaissance, the development of which was due to such heroes of art as 
 Palladio and Sansovino, with their associates and rivals, San Michele and 
 Scramozzi. 
 
 The interior includes an auditorium, 
 with two tiers of boxes, two balconies and 
 a parquet, which last will seat a thousand 
 people. 
 
 There is also a banquet hall, a hall 
 for the performance of chamber music, a 
 smaller dining room and a number of 
 ante-rooms, cloak rooms, retiring rooms 
 and artists' studios, besides various chap- 
 ter halls, rehearsal chambers and chorus 
 rooms. 
 
 Turning eastward and downward, 
 at Fifty ninth Street, we come upon 
 
 1 1 'f^ 
 
 a 
 
 SEVENTH REGIMENT ARMORY. 
 
74 FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 the mag-nificent club-house of the celebrated Arion Society, which, 
 under the direction of Mr. Van der Stucken, has made itself such renown as 
 a singing association, and has lately returned from a triumphal tour of 
 Europe, where plaudits and honors cheered its harmonious way. 
 
 The membership, which is close upon a thousand, of which at least one- 
 fourth are singers, is principally recruited from the German music lovers of 
 New York. 
 
 Further up Park Avenue, with its pretty supra-tunnel gardens, we 
 come to 
 
 Xlie Seventli Regfiment Armory, at Sixty-seventh Street, an 
 imposing and beautiful building-, with a high tower and lofty side wings. 
 Here is the headquarters of the crack regiment of the National Guard of the 
 State of New York, which is no club of holiday soldiers, but has had its share 
 of real service, both State and Federal, and has always won its laurels at the 
 cannon's mouth. Another military fortress is the mediaeval 
 
 Armory of tlie Big^litli Regfimentf on the corner of Ninety- 
 fourth Street and Park Avenue, which frowns in castellated majesty from its 
 corner towers and overhanging turrets, like an ancient citadel. This building- 
 covers a gallant body of citizen soldiers, which has bravely won a great 
 record. 
 
 The Lrenox Lribrary is on Fifth Avenue, betwen Seventieth 
 and Seventy-first Streets. It was endowed by James Lenox, a lover of books 
 and paintings, incorporated in 1870, and opened to visitors in January, 1877. 
 
 The picture gallery contains the full-length portrait of George Washing- 
 ton, painted for Peter Jay Monroe, by Gilbert Stuart, in 1799. 
 
 Specimens of the great painters of the day, English and American, are 
 also to be seen. 
 
 There are works by Sir Joshua Reynolds, Leslie, Morse, Landseer, Jimenez, 
 Vernet, and conspicuous among the others, Munkaczy's great painting of 
 " Milton Dictating Paradise Lost." 
 
 On the south wall is the celebrated picture of the great English singer, 
 Mrs. Billington, as "St. Cecelia Listening to the Angels." It was of this 
 picture that the composer Ha^^dn remarked, " that the angels should have 
 been listening to Mrs. Billmgton." 
 
 There are also two Turners, painted in the master's best style, and David 
 Wilkie's original sketch of " Blind Man's Buff." Andrea del Sarto's great 
 canvas, " Tobit and the Angel," is especially noticeable. 
 
 The collection of rare books is very rich, excelling any other in America, 
 and being excelled by few in Europe. 
 
 Some of the Bibles are specimens of the first efforts of the early printers. 
 There are two copies of the first folio edition of Shakespeare, seven of the 
 second folio, two of the third, and two of the fourth. 
 
 The library is especially rich in Bibles, from the Nuremburg Bible, with 
 annotations in the handwriting of Melancthon, the Coverdale Bible, the first 
 printed complete in England and the only perfect copy extant of the sixth and 
 rarest edition of the Apocalypse. A copy of the first edition of the " Psalms 
 in Meeter," by Rous, of London, which was supposed to be non-existant, is 
 
FIFTH AVENUE AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD. 
 
 75 
 
 ini! 'hi ' 
 
 
 EIGHTH KEGIMENT ARMOEY. 
 
 here, together with very many rare old curious specimens of Mexican and 
 Colonial printing, and MSS. of the Cortez letters and of Diego Columbus, son 
 of the discoverer. 
 
 The library has about 50,000 volumes, together with the great musical 
 collection of Joseph Drexeh 
 
 Temple Beth-el, on the southeast corner of Fifth Avenue and 
 Seventy-sixth Street, faces towards Central Park at a most picturesque point. 
 The building measures 100 feet on Fifth Avenue and 130 on Seventy-sixth 
 Street, is in the Romanesque style, and is crowned by a glittering globe at the 
 height of 140 feet. 
 
 The front vestibule, 1 4 feet deep and 4G feet wide, is of stone and paved 
 
 with mosaic. 
 
 The main auditorium, 70 feet high, has an arched ceiling, and at the east- 
 erly end are the platform, pulpit and shrine, of Mexican onyx columns, with 
 gold capitals and bases, supporting an onyx arch, on which are the Tables of 
 the Law, framed in gold. 
 
IfJ^l^ 
 
 _^ ^_ BOAT HOUSE ON THE LAKE 
 
 -r— ^^^ =^^ ,-, ^ . i-^ 'HERE are very few instances of 
 
 money well laid out and public 
 spirit well sustained than are 
 shown in the rise and progress of that 
 most beautiful of pleasure grounds, Central Park. Forty- five years ago, the 
 ground, now a delightful landscape garden, was wild, rough country, given 
 over to tumble-bugs and harmless grass snakes. The outlines, indeed, were 
 romantic, by reason of the huge boulders and plots of grass that alternated on 
 its surface, and the scattered trees that ornamented it, but useless for farming 
 purposes, and not yet in the path of builders. The boulders were covered with 
 vines and creepers of various kinds, and the trees were gnarled enough for 
 picturesqueness. 
 
 The park is a little more than two miles and a half in length, by a half 
 mile in width; it has nine miles of beautiful drives, some 60 feet in breadth, 
 and none less than 54; besides these main avenues, there are a little over five 
 miles of charmingly rural bridle paths and more than twenty-nine miles of 
 walks suitable for lovers who tell the old tale ''under the greenwood tree." 
 
 Four hundred acres of woodland lend beauty to the place, and numberless 
 rustic seats offer their welcoming arms to the wearied wanderer. 
 
 At most seasons of the year the drives are brightened by the glittering 
 equipages of fashion, and the cavalcades of horsemen and women, which 
 course along the well-kept roads, and by the gay dresses of happy-looking 
 promenaders who gaze with interest and delight at the passing show, which 
 lacks nothing of the brilliancy of the London Rotten Row, the " Bois " of Paris, 
 or the " Unter den Linden" of Berlin, save the crowned and coronetted heads 
 of the ''Personages" to be seen in these celebrated resorts of the "Haute 
 Monde." 
 
 But it is as a refuge for the weary and heavy-laden that the Central Park 
 puts forth its greatest claims to admiration. It is the paradise of the poor, 
 the refuge for the destitute, the great breathing place for the hosts of toilers, 
 
78 CENTRAL PARK. 
 
 who, in their scant moments of relaxation from labor, find here grounds 
 equal, if not superior, to the most exquisite private gardens of aristocracy. 
 
 There are nineteen entrances to the park, which, in the fullness of time, will 
 be fitted with appropriate gates, but at present are wide open to the public. 
 Indeed it were almost a pity to erect bars and obstacles, which savor too much 
 of class distinctions for our land of liberty, and, should the gates be estab- 
 lished, they will be more for ornament than utility, for they must of necessity 
 stand open, or be ready to open to all comers. 
 
 Tlie Menagerie, at Sixty-fourth Street and Fifth Avenue, occupies ten 
 acres of land, but the site is merely temporary, as the true Zoo of New York 
 will be situated on some one of the new parks north of the Harlem Kiver, a 
 proceeding which, however convenient for our posterity, is by no means so for 
 us. Let us hope that the enforced emigration of the feras nature may be 
 long delaj^ed. 
 
 The first paddock, as one comes from Fifty-ninth Street, is the deer park. 
 Next is the monkey house, in which our distant relations are fed at 9 a. m. 
 and 3 p. m. 
 
 No. 3 contains birds of various kinds. No. 4 houses some fine specimens 
 of " Home Sapiens," who are engaged at present in the administration of the 
 park police, vulgarly called " sparrows." This building was originally a 
 State arsenal, and contains a colossal statue of Christopher Columbus, by 
 Miss Emma Stebbins, the celebrated sculptor. In No. 5 reside the larger car- 
 nivora, such as lions, tigers, hyenas, and the like, as also the two-horned 
 rhinoceros, the only one of his kind in the country. These interesting but 
 voracious animals are fed at 2:30 P. m., and their table manners are far from 
 polite. No. 6 is the tank in which live, move and have their being, the 
 hippopotami, or river horses, of which one was born in captivity here, on 
 October 4, 1890, being the only native American hippopotamus ever known. 
 These amphibious brutes afford an interesting study in absolute sloth, as they 
 wallow in the water, displaying massive snouts that irresistibly remind one of 
 Gladstone dressing bags, the bottles of the one representing the teeth of 
 the other. 
 
 No. 7 is the home of several small black bears, and contains a bath room 
 or tank, in which some sea lions, from San Francisco, disport themselves, 
 grunting to each other with almost articulate distinctness, and looking very 
 disconsolate, probably regretting ''the glorious climate of California." A 
 number of water fowl also dwell here and hereabouts. No. 8 contains 
 antelopes. 
 
 No. 9 is the elephant castle, in which " Tip," a murderer of the deepest 
 dye, lords it over his fellows by reason of his size and strength. He is 8 feet 
 9 inches in height, 33 years of age, weighs 9,000 pounds, and has killed six 
 men already. There are more of his kin here, but not of his kind. A farm 
 of ''prairie dogs" have a town in the rear of the paddock attached to 
 the elephant castle, thus bringing into conjunction the sublime and the 
 ridiculous. 
 
 No. 11 contains cages of foxes, raccoons, oppossums, and the bear pit, in 
 which the gruesome grizzly, the pale Polar, and the big black bears of nursery 
 
CENTRAL PARK. 
 
 79 
 
 leg-end live in ursine harmony, employing their time chiefly in begging- from 
 the visitors. There is a walk here leading to the top of the pit, from whence 
 the public can look down, in body, as it already does in mind, on these brag- 
 gart bullies begging biscuits. (The reader is respectfully requested to observe 
 the graceful alliteration of this paragraph, and if he cannot admire, at least 
 to bear, with it). 
 
 As the visitor comes down the steps, No. 12 is on each side — paddocks in 
 which pasture the American bison, erroneously called buffalo, now almost 
 extinct on his native prairies. 
 
 The African true buffalo, with his hump, a dainty dish ; the Indian 
 zebra, who looks like a convict donkey in his stripes ; llamas and vicunas, 
 from South America, which are a zoological compromise between goat and 
 camel, wild sheep or avadade, from Barbary, and real camels, who, though 
 born and bred in Central Park, are true Orientals yet ; and while dwelling in 
 peace and amity with the others, do not amalgamate. 
 
 A wire fence restrains the emu of Australia, who is an Antipodean 
 ostrich, and various cranes and storks. 
 
 No. 13 holds the house of the smaller mammals, a host of little carniv- 
 orous and graminivorous animals too numerous to particularize, the 
 royal eagle, who, like other regal personages, shows but meanly in captivitj% 
 is of a dejected demeanor, and prone to shed his plumes, and a variety of 
 water birds. 
 
 THE MENAGERIE. 
 
80 
 
 CENTRAL PARK. 
 
 The cheapest and best way to g-ain a superficial knowledge of Central 
 Park is to pay 25 cents for a course in one of the conveyances that start from 
 the Fifth Avenue and Fifty-ninth Street entrance. These carriages will take 
 the visitor to all the principal points, and return and stop-over tickets are 
 g-iven, enabling the passenger to linger on the road. But this is but an introduc- 
 tion to the beauties of this glorious pleasure-ground; to know and to enjoy it 
 one must walk. The paths, arbors and retired nooks will not yield their hid- 
 den charms to the hurried glance of the mere passer-by; like other coquettes 
 they must be wooed, and the course of wooing should run thus : 
 
 SEA LIONS. 
 
 Starting from the Sixth Avenue and Fifty-ninth Street entrance, the first 
 path on the right leads by a gentle descent to the pretty little " pond," with its 
 Lohengrin Boats, holding twelve passengers and double hulled; like a cata- 
 maran, these are propelled by a man treading the wheel of a velocipede which 
 is concealed in the body of a sculptured swan. Fares : Adults, 10 cents; 
 children, 5 cents; 12 tickets, $1.00; children, 25 cents. ThiS pond is 
 some five acres in extent. Further on is the summer house on Copcot 
 Rock, from whence a view may be had. Then comes the pine-crowned 
 *'promontor3^," and behind this a tiny bridge crosses a narrow strait, 
 where the path diverges, north and south — north to the main driving 
 
CENTRAL PARK. 
 
 81 
 
 road, south to the menag-erie. Choosing- the northern path, along- the drive, 
 across the bridge is a romantic dell which leads to The Kinderberg (children's 
 hill) called by its Teutonic name in deference to the German population, which 
 is noteworthy for large families and out-door domesticity. 
 
 Here is a rustic arbor which can shelter hundreds of people; near at hand 
 are the swings and the dairy, for the delectation and the lactation of the little 
 ones. To the west the path descends to the " Carousel," where are more 
 swings, and ball grounds also. At the southwestern end Umpire Rock lifts 
 its imposing crest, crowned with greenery; still wending- your westward way, 
 northwest b}' west, a lane leads to the Mall through the Marble Arch. This path 
 rises by steps to the Mall, from which one of the most effective vistas in the 
 range of landscape g-ardening may be obtained. 
 
 Xlie Mall begins at the Marble Arch, and extends to the Terrace, from 
 which a view of the Lake and the Esplanade can be had. 
 
 The roadway is shadowed by double rows of magnificent elm trees and 
 ornamented by statues, some 
 of which are g-ood works of art, 
 while others can lay no just 
 claims to such honor. Never- 
 theless, even the inferior figures 
 are imposing- amid their sur- 
 roundings of greenery and 
 arching branches, and the Mall ^:: 
 resembles those promenades, 
 "under the shade of melan- 
 choly boughs," that are the 
 pride of the ancient palaces of 
 Europe. 
 
 The best pieces of sculpture 
 on the Mall are those of 
 "Shakespeare" and "The 
 Indian Hunter," both of which 
 are placed on the lawn at the 
 southern approach, and are the 
 work of J. Q. A. Ward. A little 
 eastward is a bronze cast of 
 Fratin's " Eagles and Goat." 
 
 On either side are ranged 
 at decent distances a copy of 
 the statue of Sir Walter Scott, 
 the orig-inal of which is in Edin- 
 burgh, sculptured by John 
 Steele, who is also the author of the statue of Robert Burns. Filz-Greene 
 Halleck also graces the place, carved by William McDonald, and a bust of 
 Beethoven presides, very appropriately, over the music stand, from which 
 coign of vantage sweet music is discoursed by admirable military bands every 
 Saturday and Sunday afternoon during the summer, to the infinite delecta- 
 
 STATUE OF SHAKESPEARE. 
 
CENTRAL PARK. H3 
 
 tion and mental improvement of crowds of people, old and young. At the 
 north end of the Mall are 
 
 The Esplanade and Terrace. — The Terrace is built of yellow- 
 colored stone, with three flights of steps leading down to the Esplanade, the 
 middle one of which is subterranean, and passes through a hall lined with 
 glazed tiles and having niches on each side. 
 
 The other steps are open to the sky, and on each are panels carved with 
 designs of fruit, birds and beasts. Few ornamental scenes of architectural 
 gardening can equal the fine view from the Terrace over the Esplanade, and 
 to the bold northern shore of the lake, the rude grandeur of which is turned 
 to beauty by the wealth of deep-hued foliage that, during a great part of the 
 3'^ear, covers the rugged rocks as with a mantle, for be it known that in the 
 tender shelter of Central Park winter loses its terrors and apes the gentle- 
 ness of spring. 
 
 The Bethesda Pountain, which occupies the center of the Esplanade, 
 is a manifestation of the parable, told by St. John, of the pool whose water, 
 when disturbed b^' the angel " with healing on his wings," brought health to 
 the sufferer, whose "faith made him whole," as it does even at the present day. 
 
 The angel seems to have alighted on a rock, and extends his hands over 
 the waters, as calling them up from their rest to exert this wondrous power. 
 
 Emblematic figures of Purity, Temperance, Health and Peace, expressive 
 of the esoteric significance of the Legend of the Pool, hold the upper basin, 
 veiled by the falling water. 
 
 All the sj'^mbolical work was designed by Miss Emma Stebbins. 
 
 The most important water in Central Park is undoubtedly 
 
 The I^ake, which is twenty acres in extent, and divides in,, the middle 
 with a strait connecting the parts. There are regular rowboats on this inland 
 sea, for the use of which the following fares are charged : Circuit of lake (two 
 miles), 10 cents, children half price ; a party of six, 50 cents, children half 
 price ; party boats, one person 30 cents for half an hour, 10 cents for each addi- 
 tional person, children half price. For boats without boatman a deposit of $2 
 is required. Boats can be hired from morning till 11 P. M. 
 
 From hence a path to the right leads under a bridge to what we will make 
 bold to christen " Lilliput Lake," which covers about two and a half acres, 
 and is situated near Seventy-fourth Street and Fifth Avenue. It is a pretty 
 piece of ornamental water, admirably adapted to the uses it is put to, of a 
 regatta ground for miniature yachts in summer, and a curling ground in 
 winter. The toy 3'achts give excellent sport, and are, many of them, perfect 
 models and thoroughly seaworthy, and the curlmg, with its glassy ice and its 
 excitmg exercise, draws crowds on the frosty days of winter. One of the 
 most interesting objects in the Park is the 
 
 Obelisk, a monolith 60 feet long, and, with its base, 90 feet high. It 
 weighs 448,000 pounds, and at the broadest part is 8x8 feet. The inscriptions 
 show that it dates from time of Tbothmes III., Pharoah of Egypt, who 
 reigned from 1545 till 1591 B. C. The column was erected at the Temple of 
 the Sun, at Heliopolis. It was overthrown by Cambyses (Chaucer's " Cam- 
 buscan Bold ") between 521 and 525 B. C, and lay prostrate till the Roman 
 
CENTEAL PARK. 
 
 85 
 
 conquest of Eg-ypt. It was then removed to Alexandria by Cleopatra, and 
 erected in front of the Temple of the Caesars, from which it has been called 
 " Cleopatra's Needle." 
 
 This connection with Egypt's fair, frail queen is, however, merely legend- 
 ary ', nevertheless, the fact remains that the monolith was set up by Thothmes, 
 the Pharoah of Egypt, nearly 3,500 years ago, and presented to the City of 
 New York by the Khedive of Egypt, Ismail Pacha, in A. D. 1877. In the days 
 of its prosperity this Obelisk was crowned by a casing of brilliant brass, which 
 glistened in the unclouded atmosphere of Egypt as a shining lig-ht typifying 
 the undying- glory of the Pharoahs or Phras. 
 
 The monarchs and their glory have 
 departed, and the monument which they 
 erected in their pride of place and eminence 
 of sovereignty, now serves to adorn the 
 pleasure ground of a republic. 
 
 " Great Ctesar's ashes, dead and 
 
 turned to clay. 
 May stop a hole to keep the wind 
 
 away.'' 
 
 The brass was stripped oflf during" the 
 middle ages, probably by the Crusaders, 
 for whose g-reed nothing was too hot or too 
 heavy. 
 
 The biog-raphical inscriptions, which 
 prove the antiquity and pur- 
 pose of the monolith, are fast 
 being- obliterated by the 
 harshness of our winters and 
 the storms of our summers. 
 The sandstone that could 
 defy the ages under the 
 
 •■»«%, 
 
 THE OBELISK, OR CLEOPATRA'S NEEDLE. 
 
86 CENTRAL PARK. 
 
 constant climate of Egypt, crumbles in the rains, winds and frosts of 
 North America, and the melancholy foreigner of past ages stands alone, 
 fading gradually before the rigor of the climate, as the race that hewed it 
 out from the Egyptian rock fades before the vigor of the modern Aryan. 
 
 When Captain Gorringe, U. S. N. , was busied in removing the Obelisk 
 from its stand of ages, he came upon what he fancied were Masonic symbols 
 in the base, and determined to bring the foundation to the New World, as well 
 as the shaft, so that now we have the whole as it originally stood. 
 
 The transportation, on board the steamer Dessong, of 1,475 tons of solid 
 stone, was safely effected, and, after a short stay at Staten Island, it was, on 
 September 10, 1880, dragged on rollers from the foot of Ninety-sixth Street 
 and East River to Grey wacke Knoll in the Central Park, on which gentle em- 
 inence it now crumbles gradually away, as if pining for its native land, like 
 many another enforced exile. 
 
 The Free and Accepted Masons welcomed the stranger as an evidence of 
 the antiquity of their craft, and, on October 9, 1879, their Grand Master, at- 
 tended by upwards of 9,000 brethren, laid the foundation stone with mystic 
 rites, and, on January 23, the Obelisk was unveiled to the admiring gaze of 
 20,000 spectators. 
 
 The Dessong, on board which the stony stranger made its trans- Atlantic 
 voyage, was given American registry by special act of Congress, and the total 
 expense of the transaction, amounting to $102,576, was defrayed by the liber- 
 ality of Mr. William H. Vanderbilt. 
 
 Near Fifth Avenue, and opposite to Eighty-third Street, is 
 
 Xlie Metropolitan Museum of Art, established in April, 1869, by 
 Legislative charter, " for the purpose of establishing a museum and library 
 of art; of encouraging and developing the study of the fine arts; of the appli- 
 cation of art to manufactures and to practical life; of advancing the general 
 knowledge of kindred subjects ; and, to that end, of furnishing popular instruc- 
 tion and recreation." 
 
 From this little acorn of purpose has bourgeoned a lasting oak of per- 
 formance, which, though as yet but a sapling, bids fair to spread its kindly 
 shelter over a collection second to none. 
 
 At first the Museum had its modest home in a house on Fifth Avenue 
 between Fifty-third and Fifty-fourth Streets, where the acquisition of the 
 Blodgett collection of Flemish, Dutch, French, Spanish and English pictures, 
 made a beginning full of promise for the future. 
 
 On the addition, some years after, of the great archaeological collection 
 of more than 10,000 objects, gathered by General Count di Cesnola dur- 
 ing his consulate in Italy, among the ruins with which' the Island of Cyprus 
 abounds, the Museum was removed to more commodious quarters in the 
 Douglass mansion, on the south side of Fourteenth Street between Sixth and 
 Seventh Avenues. 
 
 But this location not offering sufficient accommodation, combined with 
 publicity and dignity of position, the Legislature authorized the construction 
 of a fire-proof building suited to the objects proposed by the Museum in 
 Central Park — surely the most fitting place for such a public treasure. The 
 
88 'CENTRAL PARK. 
 
 structure was finished, the various objects of art and interest stored and 
 arranged in it, and formally opened to the public by Rutherford B. Hayes, 
 then President of the United States, on March 30, 1880. 
 
 The great entrance leads to the " Hall of Casts of Ancient Sculptures," in 
 which are reproductions in plaster of the most noted works of antiquity. 
 
 On the floor east and west are ancient statues; on the top of the wall are 
 reproductions of antique friezes. 
 
 From this a passage leads to the " Hall of Architeetural Casts," in which 
 is a collection of wrought-iron of the " Renaissance " period. The "Assump- 
 tion of the B. v.," by Luca della Robbia, hangs at the north end, together 
 with photographs of the works of the della Robbias. This great picture, for- 
 merly in the mortuary chapel of the Princess of Piombino, was presented to 
 the Museum by Henry G. Marquand. 
 
 In the middle of the hall stands a pulpit from the Cathedral of Vienna, 
 fashioned by Nicolo Pisano, A. D. 1268. Opposite is the fagade of the House of 
 the Guild of Butchers at Hildersheim, date 1529, together with many other 
 interesting objects of the sixteenth century. All these casts were bought by 
 a fund bequeathed by Leon L. Willard in 1884. 
 
 The painting of "Diana's Hunting Party," by Hans Makart, and tapes- 
 tries by Fuaguad de Lavergne, with Constant's "Justinian," Kraus' " Peace," 
 and Gustav Richter's "Victory," are the most worthy of notice in this hall. 
 
 The " Hall of Ancient Sculpture and Egyptian Antiquities," is by far the 
 most impressive in the Museum. Mummies, mummy cases, sarcophagi, bronzes 
 and linen swathings of the dead, give a forcible idea of the gruesomeness 
 of Egyptian burial, and almost reconcile us to our own barbarisms of sepulture. 
 
 The Di Cesnola collection is the most prefect exposition of Cyprian, Phen- 
 ician and ancient Greek objects of art and antiques, to be met with in the 
 world, and proves conclusively that art in its highest development flourished 
 before the Greek and Roman periods, and that they were followers, not leaders. 
 
 There are a great many magnificent pictures and statues in the Museum, 
 but the fact that many of them are lent, and also that changes are, as yet, 
 taking place in the arrangements, and even in the spacing of the Museum, pre- 
 vents any accurate description not in direct touch with the authorities, to 
 whose admirably devised and scrupulously correct catalogue our readers are 
 referred. We must, however, mention the collection of American antiquities 
 in Gallery S, which are of intense and pregnant interest to all students of our 
 country's history. 
 
 The next object of interest, after the Croton Reservoir, is the 
 
 Observatory or Belvidere, which, situated on a rising ground 
 and approached by flights of steps, is a building in the style of an ancient 
 castle with its watch-tower or beacon, from which a fine view of the whole 
 park, in all its flush of greenery in summer and its snow-mantled beauty in 
 winter, may be had. The rock on which it stands bears the name of " Vista 
 Rock," and the tower is 50 feet in height. Pursuing the path towards the 
 west, the 
 
 Museum of :Natural History offers itself to view, situated in an 
 annex to Central Park called Manhattan Park, which stretches from Seventy- 
 
CENTRAL PARK. 89 
 
 seventh Street to Eig-hty-flrst Street, between Central Park west and Colum- 
 bus Avenue. Althoug-h only in an early stage of development, this museum 
 offers great faciUties for the study of Natural History and its kindred sciences. 
 
 Its nucleus was formed by the Elliott collection of North American birds, 
 and the birds and mammals assembled by the late Prince Maximilian, of 
 Neuwied, and the directors have been steadily and hberally adding valuable 
 specimens and cabinets of fossils ever since its charter was granted in 1869. 
 
 The pre-historic Indian relics and the various skeletons of extinct animals 
 are among the most remarkable objects in the museum. And now proceeding 
 towards town, the beautiful 
 
 Ramble offers its shady paths, rippling streams and romantic woods, to 
 the wayfarer who can wander at will through a fairy-land of sylvan delights 
 from which " the hum of men " and the noise of the neighboring city is quite 
 shut out. 
 
 Not even the legendary Forest of Arden was more sweetly solitary to 
 Rosalind than is the Ramble to the weary wanderer, who seeks its grateful 
 peace after the crowd of interesting objects that has occupied his time dur- 
 ing his tour of Central Park. 
 
 Here truly he can ramble indeed, careless, happj'^ and thoughtless ; all is 
 beauty and the ''leafy boscage of the woods" surrounds him. Nature is his 
 guide-book and fancy his map; lawns of emerald turf meet him at every turn, 
 trees of all kinds overshadow him, and flowers in their season bloom for his 
 pleasure, not to be culled, however, "under penalty of the law." Towards 
 the north again, are the 
 
 Block-House, a relic of Colonial and Revolutionary times, and 
 
 Xlie Old Redoubt, from which a fine view of Harlem River can be 
 had; and by taking a southerly course from the Redoubt he can reach Mount 
 St. Vincent, cross the head of the Loch, and, descending by the Block-House, 
 quit the park, with regret, at One Hundred and Tenth Street. 
 
JWorningslde and Hiverside Parks. 
 
 GEJSTERAL GRANT'S TOMB. A^VASHINGTON AND HIGH BRIDGES. 
 
 HARLEM RIVER. 
 
 Quitting- Central Park at One Hundred and Tenth Street, and turning- to 
 the left, the great curve of the Elevated Railroad towers above the heads of 
 pedestrians and drivers in carriages, like the Mohammedan's bridge of "Al 
 Sirat," which is " of the breath of a single hair," and, indeed, this earthly 
 structure seems just as aerial and fragile. The flight of the fabled " Roc " is 
 not more astounding than is the rush and rumble of the cars through mid- air 
 as they sweep round the dizzy curve with, apparently, nothing to support them 
 save the slender pillars and the wire-drawn line that seem quite unequal to 
 the load. To the west is Morning-Side Park, rising gradually towards Bloom- 
 ingdale Heights, upon which commanding site the splendid Episcopal Cathe- 
 dral, dedicated to St. John the Divine, will, at no distant day, be erected, and 
 which will be succeeded by streets and palaces, manj^ already in existence, the 
 magnificence of which will cause our beautiful metropolis to rank with the 
 most picturesque and gorgeous cities of the world. 
 
 A spacious terrace and a terraced promenade will also enhance the beauty 
 of this park, which, as yet, is but in its beginning. 
 
 Still trending westward, Riverside Park is reached, which for nearly three 
 miles runs along a grand bluff of the Hudson River bank, from Seventy-second 
 Street to One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Street, with an average width of 
 500 feet. Down to the river fall rocky paths, shaded by ancient trees, diver- 
 sified by great boulders, and relieved by spots of exquisite verdure that would 
 do honor to an earthly paradise. 
 
 Along the top runs a broad macadamized road, ascending and descending 
 in gentle slopes, and bordered by splendid mansions and groves of leafy 
 beauty. On the inner side vistas of wondrous charm meet the eye at every 
 gap in the thick foliage that extends upwards from the river's brink, in many 
 cases the tops of the trees being below the gaze of the promenaders on the 
 road above. The magnificent Hudson spreads his silvery plain of waters, 
 glancing in the sun of morning, glistening in the heat of noon, gilded by the 
 setting orb of day in the evening, and scintillating with a million stars at 
 night. To our thinking, this Riverside Park is the most beautiful of all 
 the greenwood fringes of beautiful Manna-ha-ta. 
 
 The future destiny of this lovely quarter is that of fashion, and when 
 Fifth Avenue shall be a busj^ street of shops. Riverside Avenue will be the 
 home of aristocracy. At the upper end of the park, to the right, is the monu- 
 
 I 
 
RIVERSIDE PARK SKETCHES. 
 
92 
 
 RIVERSIDE PARK. 
 
 ment in process of erection to the memory of General U. S. Grant, whose 
 honored remains will lie here in perpetual state for the reverence of genera- 
 tions 3^et unborn. 
 
 The mausoleum, when completed, will be a grand memorial of a g-rateful 
 people's love. 
 
 The base is a square of 100 feet at the ground and 160 feet at the base 
 line. The lower part of the monument is Doric, the upper Ionic, and the 
 apex is a pyramidal dome on four arches, with groups of statues. In front of 
 the main entrance is an equestrian statue of the great commander, " In his 
 habit as he lived," and in the crypt will be stored the personal relics, banners, 
 
 WASHINGTON BRIDGE, HARLEM RIVER. 
 
 and other remembrances of the greatest soldier of modern days. The 
 designer of this grand national work is John H. Duncan, and the cost will 
 exceed $500,000. 
 
 In strong contrast to this massive and imposing shrine of a hero is the 
 pathetic little white marble tomb of a little child. Between the warrior's 
 monument and Claremont Hill is a modest grave with a stone inscribed : 
 '* Erected to the memory of an amiable child, 
 " St. Clair Pollock. 
 " Died July 15, 179T, in the 5th year of his age." 
 Here, the saviour of the Union, full of years and honors, 
 
WASHINGTON BRIDGE. 93 
 
 There the babe, whose bud of youth was never to expand into the bloom of 
 manhood. 
 
 " Requiescat in pace." 
 
 It was a graceful act of the City Fathers to leave the child's last bed un- 
 disturbed while making- room for the hero. 
 
 Taking the cable road at the curve at the corner of One Hundred and 
 Twenty-fifth Street and Amsterdam Avenue, and passing through Car- 
 mansville, the magnificent new 
 
 l^asliiiig^ton Rridg^e is reached, a structure of two immense arches 
 spanning the Harlem River at One Hundred and Eighty-first Street, from Am- 
 sterdam Avenue on the west side to Boscobel Avenue on the east. From the 
 vantage ground of its splendid level roadway and spacious sidewalks, a magnifi- 
 cent view of the river winding along between its high banks of living green, 
 brightened by the gabled roofs of many fine houses, and enlivened by beauti- 
 full}^ laid out and carefully kept grounds and garden, may be enjoyed. 
 
 It has been said by captious critics that the building of Washington 
 Bridge was a political " job." It may be so — for, alas, politics dip deep into 
 the core of our greatest institutions, but if it were a job it was a very good 
 one, for it has secured to this telescopic city, which extends its narrow length 
 like a lazy tongs between its cramped sides, a fitting passage to the town of 
 the future that will spread broadly over the mainland, when Manhattan Island 
 is given over to business, and is truly a " city " in the full sense of the 
 term, while the wide district beyond the Harlem will be the fashionable 
 "Faubourg "or residential suburb. The bridge itself is a thing of beauty 
 and symmetry, and a credit to New York. 
 
 Crossing Washington Bridge, and turning down a romantic country road 
 to the right, the inquiring traveler will descend by a rocky road on 
 
 Hig^Ii Bridg:e, an aqueduct built to lead the waters of the Croton 
 River across the Harlem in the days when the great modern conduit that 
 now supplies the arterial circulation for New York was undreamt of. With 
 its thirteen fairy like arches, and the narrow, serial footpath, this connecting 
 link makes a picturesque feature of the landscape, but, like Othello, " its oc- 
 cupation is gone," and it is now more ornamental than useful. It leads, how- 
 ever, to a pretty little park and a water tower embedded in greenery on the 
 opposite side, from which the wanderer, having completed his survey of the 
 great city, from Dan to Beersheba, may either clamber back to the cable road 
 and so retrace his steps, or he may stroll down *' Lover's Lane," an exquisite 
 rural path formed over the old aqueduct, till he reaches the Elevated Road, and 
 is swept back to the heart of the metropolis, " a wiser," but, we trust, not 
 " sadder man." 
 


 .VS..?-;/ fll^^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Drcbwrt hy J.Rcvrb 
 
 THE PRINCIPAL PART OF BROOKLYN 
 
BROOKLYN. 
 
 VIEW IN PROSPECT PARK. 
 
 In looking- over the various attractions of this city, one must say with 
 Brooklyn folk, how much is owing to James S. T. Stranahan. To his efforts 
 the beauty of Prospect Park is due and also the Eastern and Ocean Park- 
 ways and the Concourse at Coney Island. His determination and great in- 
 fluence helped him to overcome the monetary objections to putting through 
 his ideas of opening* these pleasure g-rounds. 
 
 Probably Mr. Stranahan is the only private citizen who ever saw a statue 
 of himself erected by the city in reward for his progressive spirit, brave heart 
 and charities. 
 
 This is one instance where a man has had a living' joy in the appreciation 
 of his good works by his townsfolk. The sculptor, Frederick MacMonnies, 
 selected to execute the statue of Mr. Stranahan was also a citizen of Brooklyn, 
 though educated in Paris, and makes his home in this city. 
 
 Mr. Augustus St. Gaudens has spoken in highest praise of the statue 
 which was unveiled in Prospect Park. It is fitting that the likeness of 
 Brooklyn's progressive citizen, who has made its interests his life work, should 
 stand in the park he himself was the chief mover in planning. And not alone 
 in beautiful inland scenes does Brooklyn excel. The view of New York Har- 
 bor, as seen from any high elevation, is one never to be forg"otten. With the 
 ocean, river and bay surrounding- it, this city cannot fail to be a healthful 
 one. 
 
96 BROOKLYN. 
 
 Many of its citizens have their business in New York, and make their 
 homes in quiet Brooklyn. It is called a city of homes. And indeed its excel- 
 lent facilities for rapid transit make it easily reached by business men, who, 
 although having- their offices elsewhere, still cling to Brooklyn as their home. 
 One of the most famous, sacred dwellings in America, is the church formerly 
 under the charge of Henry Ward Beecher. 
 
 Plymoutli Cliurcli has almost lost its own name in the more famous one 
 of its late preacher, and " Beecher's Church" is oftener asked for by the traveler 
 than " Plymouth." This edifice is in Orange Street, between Hicks and Henry 
 Streets. It is easily reached from Fulton Ferry, in fact it lies within five or 
 six minutes' walk. Like its one-time master, the church is made on the order 
 of extreme simplicit3\ No superfluous architectural ornamentation is notice- 
 able. It is a plain, old-fashioned brick building. It seats about 2,800 people. 
 A smaller building, in the rear of Plymouth Church, is given over to the Sun- 
 day-school class, lecture platform, and church parlors. Who can forget, 
 having once been present at those delightfully informal meetings held by Mr. 
 Beecher in the lecture room; it was as though the celebrated speaker was 
 talking to his own household, he appeared so absolutely free from all 
 restraint. 
 
 During its famous minister's life, Plymouth Church derived an income of 
 $70,000 a year from the sale of pews alone. Passers-by often enter and remain 
 for the service, not so much to hear the sermon as to be reminded of and to 
 see the surroundings of the great man who is gone. Many of the notes set 
 down by Mr. Beecher for his discourses in this pulpit are now carefully pre- 
 served by his wife. From time to time she sends to various magazines anec- 
 dotes of his experiences while director of " Plymouth." 
 
 The Bast River Bridge Terminus. — On the Brooklyn side the 
 terminus is in the square bounded by Fulton, Prospect, Sands and Washington 
 Streets. The Brooklyn supporting tower is just north of the Fulton Ferry- 
 house; it contains 38,214 cubic yards of masonry. This tower rests upon a cais- 
 son, sunk in the river, a distance of 45 feet below the surface. The cais- 
 son is 168 feet long by 10 feet wide. The total height above water of the tower 
 is 278 feet. The construction of the East River Bridge began January 2, 1870. 
 The first wire was sent out May 28, 1877. The cable- making commenced in 
 earnest on the 11th of June, 1877. The approach from the terminus to the 
 anchorage of the East River Bridge on the Brooklyn side measures 971 feet. 
 This approach is supported by iron girders and trusses, which rest at inter- 
 vals on piers made up of masonry or short iron columns built within the 
 blocks. This Brooklyn terminus is 68 feet above high tide. 
 
 The first travel on the Bridge began May 24, 1883. 
 
 Passing on, one comes to the junction of Fulton, Court and Joralemon 
 Streets, and here stands the handsome 
 
 City Hall. — Brooklyn may well be proud of this building. It is built 
 of white marble. The roof of the portico is supported by six columns in 
 the Ionic style of architecture. It is 75 feet high, and is divided into a 
 basement and three stories. On the top a tower is erected, and here the 
 town clock can be plainly seen both day and night. This clock points 
 
BROOKLYN 
 
 HEROIC STATUE OF HENRY WARD BEECHER IN CITY HALL PARK. 
 
 its huge hands at a distance of 153 feet from the pavement below The 
 tourist cannot go far astray in looking for the building or its stately 
 appearance and important situation mark it as a noble city Duiia- 
 
98 BROOKLYN. 
 
 ing-. Not far from the City Hall, on Fulton Street, is the Kings County 
 
 Court House. — The main structure is of Westchester marble, and the 
 style of the architecture is Corinthian. It was built in 1862, and cost $550,000. 
 It is heavily trimmed with iron. The entire cupola is composed of iron ribs 
 and panels. The Court House extends back into Livingston Street, on which 
 thoroughfare, and in the rear of City Hall, stands the 
 
 Municipal Building^. — It will be seen that all these buildings of public 
 justice are close together, forming a very important part of Brooklyn within a 
 small area. The Municipal Building is of marble, and is occupied by the Chief 
 of Police and other officers, to whom one has only to apply to be shown imme- 
 diately over the entire large structure. Near the Municipal Building, and 
 directly in front of the City Hall, is the celebrated bronze figure of 
 
 Henry "Ward Beeclier. — It is fit that so public spirited a citizen's 
 statue should be put in the very heart of the city. As will be seen by the on- 
 looker, Mr. Beecher's clerical coat, rough-caped overcoat, and broad-brimmed 
 hat, are represented by J. Q. Ward, the sculptor, exactly as he wore 
 them during life. He is represented as standing- on a pedestal of 
 Quincy granite, and to the desig-n of this pedestal, R, M. Hunt, the 
 artistic architect, lent his master hand. The statue itself is 9 feet 
 in height, the pedestal 10, and the figure of the slave kneeling on 
 one side measures 6 feet and 2 inches. The very keynote of Mr. 
 Beecher's character seems to be caug-ht and expressed by the sculptor, in the 
 firm mouth, the defiant head, the kingly attitude of Brookl3ni's most prom- 
 inent citizen. In life Henry Ward Beecher drew thousands of visitors across 
 the river to listen to his resonant voice and fearless tong-ue, to hearken to his 
 plain spoken counsel and fine reading' of the marvelous gospels. Those who 
 saw him open his Bible and heard him read: 
 
 " There ivas ei man sent from God, whose name was John.'' 
 
 How can they ever forget ? 
 
 Fulton Street. — The busy rushing throng, that surge through this 
 thoroughfare make one think one has stumbled into a bit of New York. 
 Nor is the New York bargain-hunter missing. Many a woman gets up early 
 in the morning to take a journey over the river and see if Brooklyn's bar- 
 gains are really as fine as advertised. 
 
 Fulton Street is about five miles long, running from Fulton Ferrj^ to 
 East New York. It is on Fulton Street that we find ^the enormous store of 
 Wechsler & Abraham. 
 
 With a frontage of 125 feet on Fulton Street, what wonder that a colony 
 of women keep watch in front of these celebrated show windows ? Never 
 decreasing, the crowd can be found at any hour of the day. 
 
 But inside there is plenty of room, the store is built on such an enor- 
 mous scale. Let us step in a moment. What can we say m sufficient praise 
 of a building containing four miles and a quarter of shopping fioor, nine miles 
 of steam piping, and the largest private electric plant in the world. Adjoin- 
 ing the dressmaking parlors, we find the Louis XVI. white and gold room. 
 The firm calls this beautiful salon an effect room, and here evening costumes 
 are fitted and tried on the customers. It is said that over forty thousand 
 
100 
 
 BROOKLYN. 
 
 shoppers are in the store daily, and yet there never seems a crowd once one 
 gets in. In the street outside, it is, of course, another matter. The main 
 floor can be seen from the mezzanine elevation above, and it is a most interest- 
 ing sight to the shopper to pause here a moment and look at the hundreds of 
 men, women and children below. The millinery department is on the mezza- 
 nine floor, and here a little section of Paris seems to be transported. An odd 
 feature of Wechsler & Abraham's enormous building is that it contains 
 within its walls a little cobbler's shop, so any alterations desired by customers 
 in their shoe department are made on the premises. The firm has a private 
 stable for its horses, and this is a novel sight if the shopper is fortunate 
 enough to gain admittance. Stall after stall of finely groomed and well fed 
 horses testify to the generous treatment these animals receive at the hands 
 of the firm. 
 
 To return to the store : a Uttle visit to the upholstery work room would 
 not prove wasted time. Here theatre curtains are made ; also draperies for 
 private houses, hangings, and the like. On the second story the furniture 
 floor is located. Here one of the most extensive stocks of furniture ever 
 shown is constantly being added to. Many New York houses are furnished 
 with this firm's luxurious fittings. The art embroideries are made on the 
 fifth floor ; here hundreds of women are employed. 
 
 In fact, there are so many attractive and varying features of this mam- 
 moth store, that the traveler passing through Brooklyn has missed one of its 
 most enterprising sights should he neglect to pay it a visit. 
 
 Holy Trinity Cliurcli is the leading Protestant Episcopal Church in 
 Brooklyn. It is built on Montague and Clinton Streets, of brown stone, in 
 
 THE APPROACH TO FORT GREENE. 
 
BROOKLYN. 
 
 101 
 
 BROOKLYN TABERNACLE. 
 
 Gofchic fashion, and was erected in 1847. It cost $230,000, and is the highest 
 church in Brooklyn 
 
 East of the City Hall one finds, between Myrtle and De Kalb Avenues, a 
 park once known as Fort Greene, but now called Washing-ton Park. It lies 
 on a rising ground, and contains about thirty acres of land laid out in walks 
 and lawns, surrounded by a stone wall. 
 
 During the War of the Revolution, Fort Greene was an important post. 
 There are now many fine residences facing this pretty, restful park. In what 
 contrast to this cheerful scene is the gloomy 
 
 Raymond Street Jail, a Gothic building, built of red sandstone. It 
 is a handsome, imposing structure ; but we will pass quickly from it to the 
 well-devised and thoroughly equipped 
 
 City Hospital. — The hospital is put up on elevated ground in Raymond 
 Street, near De Kalb Avenue. It has a front of 200 feet, and consists of a 
 main building four stories high, with wings of three stories. Let us turn in 
 brighter ways. By going to the west from the City Hall, we come upon two 
 fine buildings devoted to the fine arts, the Academies of Music and Design. 
 
 Xlie Academy of Music was erected in 1860, at a cost of $200,000, by 
 a stock company. It is of brick and Dorchester stone, and has a front length 
 
102 BROOKLYN. 
 
 of 236 feet, with a width of 92 feet in the rear. The interior is decorated in 
 quiet and most commendable taste. The seating- capacity is small, possibly 
 allowing- an audience of 2,300. Many great singers have tuned their sweet 
 notes within its walls. 
 
 The Academy of Desig^n adjoins the Academ}' of Music, and it is a 
 very ornamental structure, built after the Gothic style, of brown sandstone. 
 It has one small and two larg-e rooms for the exhibition of pictures ; these 
 are lighted through the roof. 
 
 This building communicates with the Academy of Music on the second 
 floor by large doors. The Art Association of Brooklyn holds exhibitions here 
 twice a year — in the spring and fall. Admission can onlj' be obtained by a 
 member's card. Many of the pictures that are first exhibited by the New 
 York Academy of Design come to the Brooklyn exhibition afterwards. 
 After the fashionable opening night of the Brooklyn Art Association, the 
 pictures shown are always left for three weeks, and may be viewed free of 
 charge. 
 
 At the corner of Pierrepont and CUnton Streets, just adjoining Trinity 
 Church, stands the building of the 
 
 ]LrOng Island Historical Society.— This is a fine brick structure, 
 with terra-cotta and stone ornamentations, and was finished in 1880. It con- 
 tains a hall, a library of 26,000 volumes, an equal number of pamphlets, and a 
 museum. 
 
 If the visitor to this interesting place is not a resident of Brooklyn, he or 
 she must be admitted through some member of this society. Members pay 
 $5 a year entrance fee, and the same sum in annual dues. Life members pay 
 $100 in full for fees and dues. 
 
 Quitting scenes of song and art, we will go on to the big, gray stone 
 church, the 
 
 Cliurcli of tlie Pilgrims, of which the Rev. Dr. Storrs is the pastor. 
 This edifice rears up its tall spire on the corner of Henry and Remsen Streets. 
 The wall of the main tower contains a piece of Plymouth Rock on which the 
 Pilgrims landed. Evidently Dr. Storrs is not content with Peter as the sole 
 rock of his church, and has put a bit of Puritan element in instead. 
 
 Occupying the entire block between Greene, Clinton and Waverley 
 Avenues, is the Titanic pile of 
 
 Xlie Brooklyn Tabernacle, of w^hich the celebrated preacher, 
 lecturer, editor and traveler. Dr. T. DeWitt Talmage, is pastor. 
 
 The predecessor of this magnificent edifice was burnt down in October, 
 1889, and such was the vigor displayed by the members of the congregation, 
 and the architects and workmen engaged, that the new church was dedicated 
 in April, 1891. 
 
 The exterior is a mixture of many styles of architecture, very expressive 
 of the multiform aspect of its human representative's mind and doctrine ; for 
 Dr. Talmage is his own Pope, and issues his own bulls. There is a mediaeval 
 earnestness about it, combined with modern efflorescence, that reads like one 
 of the doctor's sermons, or rather, harangues, cast in stone like the tables of 
 the law. Inside, the building presents the aspect of an immense amphi- 
 
 ^1 
 
BROOKLYN. 
 
 103 
 
 theatre, with two great galleries, and a platform or stage in place of the 
 " pulpit drum ecclesiastic," in the narrow confines of which the dramatic ex- 
 horter would be "cabinned, cribbed and confined." 
 
 The organ, which supplies the musical accompaniments to the orator's 
 eloquence, is the largest in the United States, and the third largest in the 
 world. It is of vast power, and its stops are of varied quality and force. It 
 can " roar you as gently as a sucking dove," or bellow like a cyclone, at the 
 player's will. 
 
 The building will comfortably accommodate more than six thousand 
 
 A DOCK AT THE NAVY YARD. 
 
 people, and ^-et the speaker's softest whisper is plainly audible throughout its 
 whole extent. 
 
 In the interior "memorial wall " three great stones are builded. One, 
 from the hill of Calvary, another from Mount Sinai, and the third from the 
 " Mars Hill" of Athens, where St. Paul bore his testimony, brought by Dr. 
 Talmage, in loving remembrance. 
 
 The finest street in the City of Brooklyn is 
 
 Clinton Avenue. — It is very wide, and lined with enormous shade 
 trees. Beautiful houses are built upon either side of this perfectly kept 
 thoroughfare. It is to Brooklyn what Madison Avenue is to New York, only 
 
104 BROOKLYN. 
 
 we cannot make any equal comparison, as Clinton Avenue is so far superior. 
 
 If we return to Fulton Ferry, and make a fresh start, we reach the 
 United States 
 
 Navy Yard. — The yard is situated on the south shore of Wallabout 
 Bay. The grounds embrace an area of 144 acres, and include over two miles 
 of wharfage in the harbor. 
 
 Forty-five acres of these grounds are inclosed by a high brick wall. The 
 enormous Dry Dock is one of the important features of the Navy Yard, and 
 one that is always pointed out to the guest. This dock is built of granite, 
 and the main chamber is 286 feet long by 35 feet wide at the bottom, and 307 
 feet long by 98 feet wide at the top. It is 36 feet deep, and can be emptied of 
 water in four and a half hours by ponderous steam pumps. The dock was 
 built at an expense of $2,000,000. 
 
 Tlie Naval L,yceuiii^ founded in 1833 by the officers of the United 
 States Navy, is situated in the Navy Yard. It contains a large collection of 
 curiosities, and fine geological and mineralogical cabinets, and added to these 
 is a fine library. 
 
 The Marine Barracks are built a little east of the Navy Yard. On the 
 opposite shore of Wallabout Bay is the 
 
 Marine or Naval Hospital.— This building accommodates 500 
 patients, and is well appointed in the interior. From the outside it is an im- 
 posing structure. The purchasing and disbursing office for the naval build- 
 ings and the yard itself is at No. 29 Broadway, New York City. 
 
 In looking through hospitals, one should not forget the Brooklyn 
 
 Methodist General Hospital.— Though still a young institu- 
 tion, it is one of the most charitable enterprises to which the Methodist 
 Church has ever given its name and aid. The Methodist Church in the 
 United States is not a wealthy order, and the hospitals built by other denom- 
 inations have been obliged to take in the Methodist sick. 
 
 But at length Mr. George J. Seney, son of a Methodist clergyman, 
 offered in 1881 to give $200,000 to found an institution such as the Methodist 
 General Hospital. Mr. Seney intended to have the work completed by outside 
 donations. But, nevertheless, he continued to give until he had furnished the 
 amount of $410,000. Then the church was asked to give $60,000, and Mr. 
 Oliver Hoyt, since dead, added to these sums $5,000, and Mr. John Slayback 
 $10,000 more. Several beds have been endowed. The Robinson Brothers, of 
 New York City; Mr. William Hoyt, of Stamford; Mr. T. H. Suckley, of Rhine- 
 beck, N. Y. ; Dr. A. H. Cheseborough, of Hoboken; and Mr. William S.John- 
 son, of Poughkeepsie, N. Y., are entered on the hospital records as being early 
 donors of sums of $5,000 each to endow beds in this excellent institution. 
 
 Mr. Seney made special stipulations in giving the money to found the 
 hospital, that, although the building should have the name of the Methodist 
 General Hospital, its doors should be open to " Jew and Gentile, Protestant 
 and Catholic, heathen and infidel," on the same terms. 
 
 The hospital grounds occupy one entire block The buildings front on 
 Sixth Street, and consist of a central house and two large pavilions on each 
 side. A tower rests on the main building, and the height from its top to the 
 
brooe:lyn. 105 
 
 ground is 126 feet. The hospital is built of bricK and New Jersey freestone, 
 and is fireproof, the stairs, floors, beams, partitions and roofs being of iron 
 inside and asbestos. The first story, 18 feet high, holds the nurses' dining- 
 rooms, the manager's room, general reception room, toilet rooms, clerks' and 
 superintendent's offices, and the chapel. The latter will seat 160 people. 
 The second story contains living rooms for the matron and private rooms for 
 paying- patients. The third story has a ward of beds. The nurses' dormitory 
 is on the fourth floor. There is also an apartment for insane patients and a 
 dormitory for servants. 
 
 This hospital is free to the poor, but those who can pay, even a trifle, are 
 expected to do so, according- to their means. 
 
 To return to less useful and more cheerful scenes. After a long day 
 sig-h.t-seeing, let us have an evening- at the theatre, remaining at whichever 
 one we like the best of those we look into. 
 
 " Let us rest ourselves a bit. 
 Worry ? what's the use of it ?" 
 
 The Ampliioii Xlieatre may be found on Bedford Avenue and 
 South Ninth Street. 
 
 Tlie Bedford. Avenue Xlieatre is located on South Sixth Street, 
 near Bedford Avenue. And on Fulton Street, near Grand Avenue, one 
 comes to the 
 
 Criterion Xlieatre.— This may be reached by the Elevated Road 
 on Grand Avenve. 
 
 Xlie Grand Opera House has its home on Elm Place, near Fulton 
 Street. 
 
 And on Fulton Street, just opposite the City Hall, we find the 
 
 Park Xlieatre. 
 
 Proctor's Xlieatre is on South Fourth and Driggs Streets. 
 
 Many a man prefers his club to the theatre, and what wonder, when 
 Brooklyn club life is famed as being truly delightful. 
 
 Xlie Brooklyn Club is well known and very popular with its 
 members. 
 
 Xlie Hamilton Club is situated on the corner of Clinton and 
 Montague Streets. At 65 and 67 Putnam Avenue, one passes the 
 
 Lrincoln Club House.— This artistic building- was finished in 1890. It 
 opened its new doors on Lincoln's birthday, on February 12. Athough organ- 
 ized for a political club, it has dropped all politics, and its members meet for 
 social purposes only. Architect R. L. Davis, of Brooklyn, desig-ned the 
 house. It is four stories high, with a two-storied extension in the rear. The 
 style is sugg-estive of the early French Renaissance fashion of architecture. 
 The upper part of the first story is panelled with stained g-lass windows. 
 The building- cost $39,000. 
 
 On the corner of Lincoln Place and Eig-hth Avenue, we see the Montauk 
 Club. 
 
 Xbe Xbomas JeflFerson Club is on Boerum Place, not far from Ful- 
 ton Street. A branch of the famous 
 
106 BROOKLYN. 
 
 Union League Club is on Bedford Avenue and Dean Streets. . . . 
 Leaving the clubs, we find another and perhaps more intellectual place 
 
 of interest, the 
 
 Brooklyn L,ibrary— indeed worthy of close inspection. It is sit- 
 uated on Montague Street, near City Hall, and is easily reached by the Ele- 
 vated Railroad. It was once known as the Mercartile Library, but has now 
 taken the name of the city. The design is Gothic, and the house was built in 
 1868. Its cost was $150,000. It contains a library of over 50,000 volumes, 
 and the large reading rooms are always filled with students and travelers. 
 Other libraries may be found in the 
 
 L,ee Avenue Academy, situated on Lee Avenue near Division Street. 
 
 Also in the 
 
 Pratt Institute.— This stands on Livingstone, near Court Street. The 
 
 Polytechnic Institute can be seen in Ryerson Street, near De Kalb 
 Avenue. And the 
 
 Packer Institute is on Joralemon, near Clinton Street. Let us now 
 turn our footsteps to beautiful 
 
 Prospect Park.— Brooklyn folk much prefer this to the Central 
 Park of New York. The area of ground within its limits covers 510 acres. 
 The principal entrance, on Flatbush Avenue, known as the Plaza, is orna- 
 mented by a statue of President Abraham Lincoln. A fine fountain also 
 greets the eyes of the tourist, and that most effective and beautiful object, 
 
 The Memorial Arch, a monument to the soldiers and sailors who 
 fell in the great Civil War of 1861-'65. 
 
 It is a Triumphal Arch of the style found so impressive in the Arc de 
 Triomphe de '1 Etoile, in Paris. It stands across the roadway, near the 
 fountain, just as the Park entrance is reached. 
 
 Solidity, not meretricious ornament, characterizes the style of this massive 
 tribute to patriotism and bravery, and the inscription appropriately reads: 
 
 " To the defenders of the Union." 
 1861. 1865. 
 
 The design is due to the genius of John H. Duncan, a native of New 
 Orleans, La., and well known as the architect of many beautiful and impress- 
 ive buildings here and elsewhere. 
 
 The drives extend over a distance of eight miles; and beside these eight 
 miles of carriage road, there is still a distance of three and a half miles of 
 bridle-road. Fountains, arbors, rustic seats, drinking wells, and beautiful 
 shrubberies are found on every hand as one goes through the Park. The 
 highest point of land, 
 
 L,ookout Carriage Concourse, is seven-eighths of an acre in area, 
 and 186 feet above the level of the sea. On a clear day, the traveler 
 can obtain a marvelous view from its summit, looking upon the Highlands 
 of Navesink, Staten Island, the Kill Von Kull, the Palisades, and the 
 hills of Orange. Here refreshments are served to the tired tourist. 
 
 A large parade ground stretches out of the southern end of the Park, 
 used mostly by the National Guard. The Park is reached by horse cars from 
 
BROOKLYN. 
 
 107 
 
 "the Brooklyn side 
 •of Fulton Street, 
 Wall Street, 
 South and Hamil- 
 ton Avenue 
 Ferries and Wil- 
 liamsburg Fer- 
 ries. 
 
 Park carriages 
 "will, for a cost of 
 25 cents, take one 
 to the principal 
 spots of interest 
 therein. Thefine- 
 ^st drive in 
 Brooklyn is 
 
 Ocean Park- 
 Tvay.— It runs 
 from Prospect 
 Park city line to 
 •Coney Island, a 
 distance of over 
 five miles. The 
 rsight-seer will 
 next find himself 
 in beautiful, 
 peaceful 
 
 GreeiiTv^ood 
 C e m e t e r y . — 
 This celebrated 
 city of the dead 
 contains 450 acres 
 of land, with eight 
 lakes, supplied 
 with water from 
 a reservoir on 
 Fountain Hill. 
 The cemetery is 
 drained by sub- 
 terranean pipes. 
 It has eighteen 
 and a half miles 
 of stone laid ave- 
 nues and seven- 
 teen miles of 
 paths. The first 
 interment was 
 
108 BROOKLYN. 
 
 made in September, 1840. This cemetery has five entrances, and the Main 
 Entrance, at Twenty-fifth Street and Fifth Avenue, is by far the handsomest, 
 as the recesses over the gateway are filled with groups of statuary. At the 
 southwestern end of Valley Water is the figure erected to the memory of 
 
 Jolin MattlieiTS. — This monument was designed and executed by Pro- 
 fessor Carl Muller, and the full-length figure of John Matthews is carved on 
 the sarcophagus, while a stone canopy is erected above, supported hy sculp- 
 tured marble. Near Oak Avenue, on Locust Hill, we may see the famous 
 
 Monument to Horace Greeley.— This tribute, given by the print- 
 ers of America, represents, in a bronze bas-relief, Horace Greeley as a young 
 man at work at his case with the composing stick in his hand. 
 
 Passing on to Fir and Vine Avenues, the beautiful chapel built in mem- 
 ory of Marj' Dancer comes into view. Miss Dancer, in life, was a most char- 
 itable woman, having given over $300,000 to religious and humane institu- 
 tions. The interior of this chapel is of choicest marble, and contains two 
 finely chiseled figures. The floor is tiled and the roof vaulted. In the lot 
 belonging to the late 
 
 James Oordon Bennett we find a group of statuary of rare Carrara 
 marble. The work was executed in Italy, and represents a woman kneeling 
 in supplication to God for her child's safe keeping. In Bayside Dell the 
 statue of 
 
 DeWitt Clinton is seen in colossal size, and made of bronze. A mon- 
 ument to 
 
 L,ouis Bonard is erected on Battle Avenue, by the Society for the 
 Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. This tribute was given Bonard in memory 
 of the large sums of money and great personal assistance he gave this 
 humane society 
 
 There are also to be seen in this beautiful God's acre a monument on Hill 
 Ridge to the memory of six brothers named Brown, who perished in the wreck 
 of the steamship '' Artis;" likewise the Firemen's Monument, erected by the 
 old-time Volunteer fire laddies. 
 
 On High Wood Hill stands a remembrance of Morse, the inventor of 
 electrical telegraphy ; another to Roger Williams, the founder of Rhode 
 Island ; and one to Henry Ward Beecher, in Section 140. 
 
 C. K. Garrison has an oriental tomb on Vernal Avenue ; and the Sea 
 Captains, a memorial of Captain John Correja, on Vista Avenue, fitl}" com- 
 panioned by the Soldiers' Monument on Battle Hill, in memory of the men of 
 New York who died in the struggle between the Federals and the Confederates; 
 and the Pilot's Monument, erected in remembrance of Pilot Thomas Freeborn, 
 and the plot of the fire victims at Bayview and Battle Avenue, in memory of 
 one hundred and five unrecognized bodies of those who perished on the night 
 of December 5, 1876, in the burning of the Brooklyn Theatre. 
 
110 
 
 CONEY ISLAND. 
 
 iM h 
 
 ''n* Z.V 
 
 
 .1- 
 
 Si 
 
 ''^'''"'' tii!P%^^^iJ!!li! l'' *-!SJ'"' ' ' ' '' " ''i^ii'i<** #rt'!iiiBiSiiiMili!ii 
 
 MANHATTAN BEACH HOTEL. 
 
 And now, from the colony of the unknown and the famous dead, from the 
 resting- place of the mourned as well as the forgotten, we must turn away. 
 'Tis said " we have no time for grief." 
 
 Our attention is called to the gayest of Brooklyn's environs — to 
 
 Coney Island.— This is the great excursion resort for all classes of 
 Brooklyn and New York. 
 
 It is distinguished by no particular refinement. Of the hurrying, jostling, 
 noisy crowd, that rushes wildl}^ from one attraction to another, very few are 
 Coney Island visitors for more than the day. Tourists or pleasure seekers- 
 seldom care to remain overnight. The part of the Island known as Brighton 
 Beach and Manhattan Beach is much quieter, and several shades more exclusive, 
 and West Brighton has fairly good hotels and restaurants which are not 
 expensive. 
 
 Among the varied attractions that draw crowds to Coney Island, the 
 bathing must not be forgotten. Nowhere is there a more commodious beach ,^ 
 furnished with all manner of appliances for the natatory art and for the 
 safety of those who indulge in its practice. Besides, there are life-savers in 
 abundance, courageous, hardy fellows, who think nothing of risking their own 
 lives, if, perchance, they may save those of others — a gallant, though, alas ! 
 unrecognized band of heroes. 
 
 To their presence we owe the safety with which surf bathing is carried on 
 here during the season, and it is, indeed, delightful to contemplate the luxuries 
 of a sea bath on this sloping shore and in these ozone-laden billows. 
 
 Health and cleanliness are both served by the Coney Island beach and its- 
 guardians, and their presence is far more attractive to people of good taste than 
 the garish and plebeian delights afforded in such plenty by the hosts of amuse- 
 ment purveyors that throng the avenues of this American Margate. Not- 
 withstanding the somewhat boisterous nature of the Coney Island style, there 
 
112 ROCKAWAY BEACH. 
 
 is a deal of solid comfort and innocent pleasure to be got by a visit to this 
 liberally-disposed place of summer resort, and many would pine if by chance 
 the sea should swallow it up, as is not impossible. 
 
 The Manhattan Beach and Oriental Hotels give excellent satisfaction. 
 During the summer the guests here are daily entertained with music and fire- 
 works every evening. 
 
 From Manhattan Beach, one may, by taking a ferry, reach 
 
 Rockai^ay Beacli.— Coney Island in its busiest part and Rockaway 
 Beach are much alike. 
 
 Rockaway is only twenty miles from New York City, and is reached by 
 railroad and steamer. If the bathers weary of the heavy ocean surf while 
 bathing at this resort, the still waters of Jamaica Bay are at their service, 
 for Long Island is bounded on one side by the Bay. At the eastern end, 
 where the beach joins the main land, is the village of Far Rockaway; there 
 are several good hotels here. Some ver}^ beautiful homes have been put up 
 by old residents, and the little place is quite exclusive. It is an agreeable 
 spot in which to pass even a fortnight, but it is not a tourist's resort. Imme- 
 diately east of Rockaway is 
 
 Long: Beacli.— Here cottages may be hired, and if one prefers to live 
 more cheaply, the hotel accommodation is very good. This place is reached 
 by the Long Island Railroad. 
 
 On the shore of Great South Bay lies the colony of 
 
 Babylon.— The bathing here is one of the strong attractions. The hotel 
 is very good indeed, and its terms are reasonable. With blue fishing near at 
 hand, Babylon is fully appreciated by its summer settlers. 
 
 
 
JERSEY COAST. 
 
 
 s^S^^- 
 
 ■< i^f 
 
 
 l-a^ 
 
 ~-=-xS^Si--^^:S^ <-^^ "^^ ^ 
 
 Not only is the New York of the present rapidly blossoming- into a beauti- 
 ful city, but its surroundings are going- to resemble the picturesque suburbs 
 of an ancien^i city. One of the prettiest is 
 
 Seabriglit. — This is one of the gayest summer cities on the coast. Its 
 visitors are sure of a happy season, for there is an air of democracy about the 
 place that makes its little world akin. The private houses, built by some of 
 its residents for summer homes, testify to their faith in the continued popu- 
 larity of the resort, for large fortunes have been expended on these dwellings. 
 Some of the finest country houses in the State are built on Rumsen's Neck. 
 Seabrig-ht has a novelty for its visitors in the little fishing- village called 
 Nauvoo. 
 
 The famous Seabright Lawn Tennis and Cricket Club has a house and 
 grounds on the Rumsen Road. The hotels are excellent, and the tourist has 
 the choice of several. The drives in and about Seabrig-ht make it a favorite 
 place for horsemen. Unlike many resorts, its popularity has steadily in- 
 creased, until it is now one of the most popular places on the Jersey Coast. 
 It is not an uncommon occurrence for Seabright visitors to exchange calls 
 with their friends at 
 
 Monmoutli Beacli, a much quieter spot than Seabright. The Beach 
 rejoices in old settlers, who come back year after year, content to miss the 
 summer festivities going- on in g"ayer places. One of the odd features of this 
 coast retreat is that it boasts of having- no regular hotel. There are some few 
 cottag-es — about twenty-five — that are let to friends of the regular residents. 
 A large dining-room in the Monmouth Beach Club House is at the service of 
 these cottagers. No stranger is allowed in the club dining-room, so it will be 
 easily seen that although possessing charms of which its owners are rightly 
 jealous, this resort is not one to appeal to the stranger. There is a Casino, 
 where private theatricals are given, and some very fine home talent has been 
 discovered on its boards. In the lower part of the Casino a billiard-room for 
 
114 JERSEY COAST. 
 
 the use of the citizens may be found. How different is Monmouth Beach from 
 the festive 
 
 Lroug: Brancli. — ''The Brighton of America" is a name often given to 
 this watering place. It gains its original title, however, from the adjacent 
 branch of the Shrewsbury River. This town is known to have been in sole 
 possession of the Cranberry Indians in 1734. Consequently much historic 
 lore is connected with it and its immediate suburbs. It was not until in 1753 
 that white men settled there. The treaty these first residents made with the 
 Indians was an interesting one, since such a peculiar bargain was never made 
 before or since. 
 
 The Indians insisted on a wrestling match before they would even con- 
 sider a transfer of a portion of their land. The white man must be able to 
 throw down an Indian before he was thought fit to live amongst the Cran- 
 berry tribe. After the Indian had been beaten in the contest, the settler was 
 allowed as much land as he could walk around in one day. 
 
 The Long Branch we see now is so worldly a place one cannot readily im- 
 agine it as the home of the savage. It is a seashore cosmopolis. It has any 
 number of fine hotels and churches. Its nearness to Monmouth Park make 
 it a headquarters for the racing fraternity. Tliere are many private houses 
 in Long Branch proper, still its suburbs are the spots selected by its quieter 
 guests. Hollj^wood, near the West End Station, is a peaceful little colony that 
 boasts of being a village within itself. It has one hotel and many private cot- 
 tages. Its bathing pavilion is one of the most complete places of its kind 
 known in America. 
 
 The West End Hotel also has put up a delightful pavilion for the use of 
 its guests. Long Branch can be reached by the Iron Steamboats, Pier A, 
 North River, and the Central Railroad of New Jersey. A continuation of 
 Long Branch is 
 
 Elberon, a place something after the st^'le of Monmouth Beach. Quiet 
 and exclusive, Ihe wealth of its residents tends towards their success in keep- 
 ing out the too nois3" tourists. Elberon's land is in the hands of those who 
 prefer to sell it to their personal friends, or, at least, to people of known good 
 standing. Both General Grant and President Garfleld were fond of the peace 
 they found in this little refuge. Indeed, it was here that President Garfield 
 found the truest peace of his life, the peace that passeth all understanding. 
 The Franckljm Cottage, where the President died, is always a noted spot for 
 sight-seeing folks, who look at it with reverent eyes. 
 
 The Elberon Casino is a dainty little building, finished in excellent taste. 
 The Elberon Hotel was also built by the stockholders in the Casino. Just 
 south of elegant, fastidious Elberon, is the jolly and non-exclusive 
 
 Asbury Park. — It is here that many Methodists make their summer 
 headquarters. Camp meetings are the most pronounced feature of Asbury 
 Park's attractions. It is probably due to the religious influence exerted by 
 these summer pilgrims that liquor has been banished from the place, and it 
 has gained the name of being a temperance town. 
 
 In fact the most noted anti-liquor movements ever started were planned 
 at the open-air meetings. 
 
HUDSON RIVER. 
 
 115 
 
 Many of Elberon's visitors come from Asbury Park to see the sights, 
 returning- at night. There is mucli to be seen of Bohemian artist life in this 
 popular resort. Painters, actors, journalists, illustrated newspaper artists, 
 singers, and, in fact, all sorts and conditions of men, are to be found here, 
 mingling together as one. Having many of the same characteristics as the 
 Park, and situated near it, is 
 
 Ocean Grove. — Here camp meetings are also held during the entire 
 summer. The attraction to many tourists of the Grove is the belt of pine 
 that runs back of the coast, a continuation of the same stretch of wood that 
 begins at Long Branch and grows south. Under the pines picnic parties 
 congregate at all hours of the da}^ and song, laughter and good cheer ring 
 out all along this bit of New Jersey forest. It is this same growth of pine 
 that touches the little colony of Lakewood and makes it so healthful as a resort 
 of the weak and work-worn. Ocean Grove folk have a great liking for their 
 neighbors at Asbury Park, and a well-known resident of one colony is almost 
 sure to be known in the other. 
 
 Hudson River. 
 
 ^■.. 
 
 But, leaving the coast lands, let us take to the river— to the beautiful, 
 picturesque, the incomparable Hudson. One of the oldest and most interest- 
 ing spots on its banks is the historic old 
 
 Fort L,ee.— It stands in plain sight of the excursion boats passing by. 
 Several large steamers land here, remaining over during much of the day, that 
 their passengers may see the grounds and beautiful scenery surrounding. The 
 
116 
 
 HUDSON RIVER. 
 
 old Revolutionary fortification, Fort Lee, was just opposite the Fort Wash- 
 ington of to day, and on the brow of the Palisades. 
 
 Considering- how much of our country's history is identified with this 
 attractive bit of the Hudson shore, it is not singular that excursionists visit 
 Fort Lee in droves during the entire summer. The Hudson flowing in front 
 of the site of the old fort is always dotted with row boats. Oxie advantage 
 this summer pleasure-ground has is that it is so near New York City, and so 
 easily reached, that even the busiest man may steal an hour or so away to pay 
 it a fleeting visit. 
 
 After a sail of fifteen miles from New York, on the east shore of the 
 Hudson, one finds the secluded 
 
 Mount Saint Vincent. — Here the Ladies of the Sacred Heart have 
 their large and famous Convent, within easy walking dis- 
 tance of Yonkers and Dobbs' Ferry. No wonder that 
 these good Sisters find their parlors often filled to over- 
 flowing. There is the home of the children of some very 
 celebrated people. Manj^ famous artists have given over 
 then^ little ones to the Sisters' charge, and if one calls 
 on visitmg days one may meet several celebrated 
 mothers whose busy public lives will not allow 
 them time to take entire care of their children. 
 
 The Convent grounds are beautiful and care- 
 fully cultivated, and their shady walks have known 
 the tread of restless feet from all parts of the 
 world. At Piedmont, some twenty- two miles 
 further up the western shore, the Hud- 
 1 son widens and forms a sort of lake, 
 
 which is known as 
 
 Xappan ^ee, a sheet of water 
 measuring ten miles by four 
 miles at its widest point. 
 About three miles south of 
 Piedmont,General Washing- 
 ton had his headquarters at 
 a place called Tappan, and 
 here Major Andre was im- 
 prisoned, sentenced and ex- 
 ecuted. Washington's head- 
 quarters, a ramshackle sort 
 of building, still stands. Tappan folk will also point out the spot where 
 Andre was executed. They know the story well. Was it not handed down lO 
 them ? On the east shore of Tappan Zee, about four miles above Dobbs' 
 Ferry is 
 
 Irving^ton. — Washington Irving discovered more charms in this quaint 
 Hudson village than any guide-book could hope to point out. It is a disap- 
 pointment to many tourists that Irving's home, Sunnyside Cottage, may not 
 be seen from the river, although it is directly on the bank. But the shrub- 
 
 THE PALISADES. 
 
HUDSON RIVER. 
 
 117 
 
 bery and trees set out in Irving's time have grown to such size that they 
 completely hide the one-time home of America's great, if not greatest, author. 
 It wiU interest the student to know that Sunnyside Cottage was the original 
 of Wolfert's Roost. Along the course of Mill River the valley of Sleepy Hol- 
 low lies, and the old stone bridge still spans its length across th e stream . W ho 
 has not delighted in the minute description of that bridge, written by Irving 
 
 VIEW FROM WEST POINT. 
 
 in the story of " Ichabod Crane " ? In this sad and beautiful valley, the old 
 Dutch Church, built in 1699, yet stands. It was in this church that Major 
 Andre hid himself while seeking to regain the British lines after his famous 
 negotiation wath Benedict Arnold. Since Irving's time we have laid a poet 
 to rest in Sleepy Hollow, a poet who gained his fame after death, a second 
 Chatterton. I write of Francis Saltus. Leaving restful and inspiring Irving- 
 ton, we see that the next settlement is Tarry town. Just above it is Rockland 
 Lake, and crossing we come to 
 
 Sing Sing.— The name is a sad one, telling tales of blighted lives, of 
 man's crime, fury, and sometimes false imprisonment. The State prisons are 
 made of marble and limestone. Nothing can be seen in Sing Sing by him who 
 may sail thither bwt sights of sorrow. The prisons are kept wonderfully 
 clean; the prisoners send out an almost incredible amount of work. As the 
 result of their close attention to the prison trade, they have been obliged to 
 
118 HUDSON RIVER. 
 
 learn. After passing out from the shadow of the jail walls, one may sail up 
 the Hudson, a little above Sing Sing, to Croton Point. Here the Croton River 
 enters into the Hudson, which soon widens into Haverstraw Bay, and as the 
 boat enters the bay, the Highlands can be seen in the distance. On the north- 
 ern end of Haverstraw Bay we see historic 
 
 Stony Point.— It is a rocky promontory, as indeed its name implies, 
 and a lighthouse marl^s the spot and gives it a singularly desol ite appear- 
 ance. Stony Point was once the site of a fort which the British captured on 
 June 1, 1779. Poor, mad Anthony Wayne re-captured the fort at desperate 
 odds, at midnight on July 15, of the same year; but it was abandoned through 
 lack of forces to hold it. In fact, there is not an inch of the beautiful Hudson 
 shore that has not a vvonderful interest for every patriotic American. Many 
 legendary rumors have disturbed the authentic history of spots thickly dot- 
 ting this living bank. The tourist is not asked to take these matters on trust. 
 For once the school books and lay of the land so fully tally that we know 
 in reaching certain places near Stony Point that we are treading in the wake 
 of great generals who fought that we might be free-born citizens of America. 
 Leaving the Sugar Loaf Mountain behind us, we see, on the west bank of the 
 river. 
 
 Buttermilk Falls. — Here a series of cascades come down from 100 
 feet on high. In such a wonderful location for an hostelr^^, stands the world- 
 known Cranstons Hotel. 
 
 Cranstons ! What a mist of memories the name evokes. More love- 
 making has been done here, more matches made, than at any other summer 
 hotel in this country. For Cranstons is a favorite spot for pretty girls, and 
 West Point is only a short distance above it, and every young woman at 
 Cranstons knows the road to 
 
 "West Point. — Here the students at the United States Military Acad- 
 emy can be seen drilling, if the traveler passes by at the right time. The 
 school buildings stand upon a plateau 157 feet above the river. The road, 
 leading up from the landing, is cut out of the cliff of solid rock. The Cadets' 
 Barracks, the Academic Rooms, the Mess Hall, the Chapel, the Museum of 
 Ordnance and Trophies, are among the Academy buildings. The view of the 
 Hudson as seen from West Point is exquisite. On the Parade Grounds a 
 laronze statue stands, erected to General Sedgwick, killed at the battle of 
 Spottsylvania. 
 
 The best months in which to visit West Point are June, July and August. 
 The guest should never leave this famous militar^^ school without having 
 taken a turn in Flirtation Walk, where the students take the guests from 
 Cranstons, and lose their hearts during each stroll. 'Tis said a soldier's 
 heart is like a sailor's. 
 
 Following the Highlands, the next place to be seen is 
 
 Ncwburg. — It is not an interesting place for the traveler ; it belongs 
 rather to its old settlers. One point, however, of great interest to an out- 
 sider, should be seen, and this is Washington's Headquarters, which still 
 stands south of the town. It is a stone mansion, built in 1750. The State 
 owns the house, and it contains a great number of war relics. The view from. 
 
HUDSON RIVER. 
 
 119 
 
 the old building commands the wonderful entrance to the Highlands. Surely 
 no other river gives such chances to the sailors on its bosom as the beautiful 
 Hudson. Its banks have become so identified wibh the history of our country 
 that we cannot but look upon them with a feeling of pride and patriotism, 
 and, added to this, a sense of wonder at the mighty Highlands. 
 
 It is to be wondered at 
 in gazing on the grand 
 tide of the mighty river 
 that the ''houseboat" 
 system, so popular and 
 delightful on the " Silver 
 Thames," has not extend- 
 ed to the "Rhine of 
 America," but has con- 
 fined itself, in its cis- 
 Atlantic form, to placid, 
 unmteresting canals and 
 western lakes. Possibly 
 the strength of the current 
 makes it difficult to moor 
 houseboats with sufficient 
 security, or the waters 
 are too turbulent for easy 
 
 riding, but surely the me- 
 chanical genius that car- 
 ries horses and carriages 
 across the North and East 
 Rivers without a strain is 
 equal to safe anchoring of 
 an ark in the upper 
 reaches of the river. 
 
 
 WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS, NEWBURG. 
 
LOOKING BACKWARD. 
 
 ^HE CITY OF NEW YORK has gone through a course of evolution 
 (^ similar to that of a butterfly. Beginning- its existence as a mere grub 
 of a Dutch settlement, then wrapped in the chrysalis of an English 
 colony, it ate its way out of its constraining envelopment and burst into the 
 sunshine as a full fledged and free city. But, unlike the butterfly, it has not 
 contented itself with merely fluttering its wings and reveling in its freedom, 
 but, taking example by the bee, it has worked to increase its store and to 
 build its hive ever stronger and more artistic. 
 
 In its grub state it burrowed by the shore, content to grow by slow 
 degrees, and to husband its strength for what was to come, under the benefi- 
 cent but unprogressive rule of Wouter von Twiller, or, Walter the Doubter, 
 so graphically described by Diedrich Knickerbocker in his far-famed " History 
 of Nieuw Amsterdam," as the little town was called in that age of peace and 
 quiet. In the time of William the Testy, the instinct of progress began to 
 move in its sluggish body, and when the doughty Stuyvesant arose, the grub 
 bestirred itself so restlessly that the attention of its unruly neighbors, the 
 English settlers on the Connecticut — called by phonetic change, Yankees, from 
 the Indian " Yengeese," which again is an attemp^^ of the savages to pronounce 
 the word '' English " — was called to the luscious morsel fattening under their 
 noses, till, like a spider, the hungry British enwrapped it in their toils and 
 sucked its very life blood. 
 
 But tenacity of existence, under the most unfavorable conditions, is a 
 privilege of cats, frogs and Dutchmen. So in course of time the enmeshed 
 town ate its way through its prison walls and took on its new form of bril- 
 liance, since which emancipation it has gone bravely on increasing in size, im- 
 portance and beauty, till it has arrived at the dignity of a metropolis of the 
 first class, ranking with London, Paris, Berlin, and Vienna. 
 
 Owing to the configuration of the island on which the City of New York 
 is situated, its growth has been longi- rather than lati-tudinal. The North and 
 East Rivers, which bound it, have forced it to extend like that toy called a 
 '' lazy tongs," and it is a very interesting retrospection to examine its gradual 
 stretching out from the Battery to Harlem, and to note the various steps in its 
 progress. 
 
 The stockade or wall built across the island as a defense against the In- 
 dians, and, ferce naiurce, was the first stopping-place of the growing citj', and 
 its memory is still kept green hy the name of the street which has taken its 
 place, the celebrated '''Wall Street," which, from a battle-ground with 
 aborigines and wild beasts, has developed into a place of strife for bulls and 
 bears of the civilized kind, where tusks and talons, though concealed beneath 
 kid gloves and well-trimmed mustaches, are none the less deadly. 
 
 Below this wall lay the city, with its stocks and whipping-post for the 
 punishment of offenders, on the spot now occupied by the Bowling Green, and 
 its gibbet on the Battery. 
 
LOOKING BACKWARD. ]21 
 
 Here the city reposed for man^^ years, growing- fat and saucy, till, by the 
 course of nature, it overflowed its limits and proceeded upwards. 
 
 The next stopping-place was at the northern limit of the City Hall Park, 
 which is now Chambers Street. The belief that the ultimatum was now 
 reached ; that the fiat, " Thus far shalt thou go and no further," had been 
 issued against the infant town, is proved by the fact that the builders of the 
 City Hall economically constructed the hinder, or more northerly end of 
 the structure, of common materials, and showed the splendor of marble 
 only on the front that looked towards the city. 
 
 Here also was situated the temple of the drama, so long admired and 
 revered as ''The Park Theatre," on the classic stage of which George 
 Frederick Cooke, Edmund Kean, Mr. and Mrs. Wood, Malibran, Fanny 
 EUsler, and many other stars of opera and drama, acting, sang and danced. 
 Burton, the inimitable comedian, had his temple to Momus where the Ameri- 
 can News Company now dispenses its literature. 
 
 In this cosy nook Burton himself, John Broughom, Lester Wallack — then 
 known as John Lester — John Dyott, George Jordan, Charles Walcot, 
 William Rufus Blake, Chippendale, Mrs. Hoey then Mrs. Russell, Mrs. 
 Brougham, and heaps of other lights of the stage flourished, and Charley 
 Herbert held his favorite resort of Bohemians, in rivalry to that of Windust 
 on Park Row and Beekman Street. 
 
 No better sign and token of the up-town stretching of New York can be 
 afforded than the northward march of the theatres, which are the servants of 
 and attendants on prosperity, and thus serve as mile stones on the high road 
 of progress. 
 
 On the corner of Chambers Street and Broadway, A. T. Stewart erected 
 his great marble bazaar, which was talked upon at the time as the foolish 
 freak of a too-ambitious trader, but which justified the prescience of its 
 founder by being the parent of all the magnificent palaces dedicated to female 
 finery, that make of New York one vast bazaar of luxury and splendor. 
 The first of the great hotels, the Astor House, was also erected in this neigh- 
 borhood, and stands till this day. 
 
 Another squeeze of the lazy tongs brings the extending town to Anthony 
 Street (now Worth Street), on the corner of which was built the Broadway 
 Theatre, as an opposition to the historic Park, and the Cafe de I'Europe be- 
 came another place of meeting for authors, artists and actors. Here did 
 Garibaldi and his great St. Bernard dog spend hours, the one playing 
 dominoes, the other watching his master with anxious care depicted in his 
 honest eyes. Here, too, came Louis Kossuth, with his hat and feather, which 
 were for a time the rage. 
 
 Bye and bye the lazy tongs stretched itself further, to Houston Street, 
 where William Niblo opened his Garden Theatre, still extant. 
 
 Another squeeze, and Brougham's, afterwards Wallack's Theatre, ap- 
 peared on the corner of Broome Street and Broadway, in which old English 
 comedies were given with a perfection never equaled since. 
 
 One more squeeze and Union Square is reached — the Academy of Music, 
 the Union Square Theatre, Wallack's Theatre, and the famous Rialto estab- 
 
132 LOOKING BACKWARD. 
 
 lished. Here actors stood in crowds on the sidewalk for hire, and here Wal- 
 lack and Palmer made their fortunes, while others lost them. 
 
 Stewart's store, always the shrewd companion of the theatre, also moved 
 up to the great iron structure now occupied by Hilton, Hughes & Co., and 
 here the city for a while remained in arrested development, only, however, to 
 recruit its strength for further and unparalleled exertions. 
 
 The next extension of the lazy tongs brought the theatrical mile stone to 
 Thirty-third Street, and established a new "Rialto, " extending from that 
 limit back to Twenty-fourth Street, and including the Madison Square 
 Theatre, the Fifth Avenue Theatre, so-called because it is not on Fifth 
 Avenue ; Palmer's, late Wallack's Theatre ; Hermann's Theatre, the Bijou 
 Opera House, Daly's Theatre, and Hill's Standard Theatre. Harrigan's 
 Theatre may also be considered as ''on the Rialto," although it is slightly 
 beyond the just limits of that region " where actors most do congregate." 
 
 Of course trade accompanied, or rather preceded, the upward progress of 
 theatres and hotels, and especially crowded the coveted space on the vertebral 
 column of New York known as Broadway. 
 
 But now the lazy tongs got another and more emphatic squeeze, and the 
 Casino, the Broadway Theatre, the Park Theatre, and the now cremated 
 Metropolitan Opera House, appeared, attended by their satellites, the stores 
 and hotels, and extended by the Empire Theatre and Hammerstein's Opera 
 House, and the magnificent hotels neighboring Central Park. 
 
 A gap now stopped the further extension of the lazy tongs, and Central 
 Park gave it pause ; but the usual crawl began again on the further side, 
 and stores, hotels and theatres sprouted up, as by magic, from One Hundred 
 and Twenty-fifth Street to the uttermost ends of the island, creating a new 
 city in fact, though not in name, in which the villages of Morrisania and 
 Harlem have been swallowed up, as those of Chelsea and Greenwich 
 were aforetime. How long the Harlem River will estop the all devouring 
 city remains to be seen, but things point to a speedy o'erleaping or filling up 
 of the watery obstacle, and an extension, laterall^^ as well as headlong, such 
 as the world has never seen. 
 
 The changes of manners, habits and customs have been no less extraor- 
 dinary than the growth of this wonderful city. 
 
 Up to the first joint of the New York spinal column, at Wall Street, the 
 people were quiet, dull, and eminently law abiding and respectable. The men 
 wore steeple-crowned hats and many breeches; the women curches and multi- 
 tudinous petticoats. Time and distance were measured by pipes instead of 
 miles, and cabbages were the staple product of the semi-rural gardens that 
 surrounded each house as with a moat. 
 
 From the Wall Street to the Chambers Street extension, the British 
 element leavened the lump, and the old-fashioned but aristocratic Knicker- 
 bocker blended with the equally old-fashioned and aristocratic British colon- 
 ist, to produce a society exclusive and refined in the upper part, hard working 
 and law-abiding in the lower. To this period belong such men as Martin, 
 and (prince) John Van Buren, James Fenimore Cooper, Washington Irving, 
 and Dandy Marks. 
 
LOOKING BACKWARD. 123 
 
 The next move up-town brought with it the Irish invasion, and the govern- 
 ment of the town passed from the lymphatic but honest hands of the Anglo- 
 Dutch aristocrats into the restless and not over-scrupulous clans of the Celtic 
 invaders. Tammany, a half-breed of mixed American and Celtic stock, began 
 to flourish his tomahawk and utter his war-whoop. 
 
 The fire laddies began their course of life-saving and head-breaking. The 
 police, irreverently nicknamed "Leatherheads," from the thickness of their 
 skulls and the "leather covering" by which those skulls were covered and 
 shielded at night, were few and far between, and wore no distinguishing mark 
 save a brass star, which the gallant fellows were wont to take from their 
 breasts and put in their pockets while they calmly stood by and enjoyed a row 
 as spectators. The streets were paved with cobble stones, and redolent of 
 filth and mud knee deep. Whiskey was three cents a glass, good board 
 was $4 a week, and a pro-French and anti-British spirit pervaded society as 
 Anglo-mania does at the present time. 
 
 And yet life was pleasant and jolly in those old times, when people were 
 neighborly if rough ; and the papers had but newly begun to stir up discord 
 and call it news. 
 
 The next onward leap brought the Germans and lager bier, the Tv»^eed 
 ring, uniformed police and a paid fire department, Russ pavement, street cars, 
 and other blessings, including Orange and nigger riots, and the cholera. 
 
 The face of the city was changed, and Central Park was laid out, on the 
 " debatable ground," whereon the boys and girls were wont to pick chick-a- 
 pins, and to fish for minnows. The city took on the cosmopolitan favor that 
 now so marks it, because communication with Europe was established. The 
 telegraph was invented, and all things "suffered a sea change into some- 
 thing rich and strange." 
 
 Max Maretzek gave the town the best opera that has ever delighted the 
 ear, and ruined himself in the giving. This was the era of Jenny Lind, Anna 
 Bishop, Lagrange, Brignoli, Salvi, Badiali, Sontag, Albani, and the like. 
 
 The fine arts, too, flourished exceedingly, and the Sketch Club, together 
 with other institutions of an artistic trend, were established. 
 
 Then came the Civil War, and New York endured a revolution of its own. 
 All things went through a purgation, as though by fire. A new world ap- 
 peared — a world of extreme wealth and extreme poverty, in which the old 
 families went down and new ones sprung up ; in which wealth supplanted 
 birth, and " hustle " came into fashion. 
 
 The architecture of the city left off its bastard classic attempt at grace, 
 and a Renaissance founded on, but exceeding in force, that of mediseval Italy, 
 took shape. 
 
 The buildings put up at this period are distinguished for chasteness of 
 design and perfection of execution, and the upper part of the city, with its 
 boulevards and wide avenues and streets, may well vie with the most beautiful 
 cities of the Old World. At the same time the lower part is gradually con- 
 forming to the new school, and remodeling their pseud o- Grecian temples on 
 purer lines. 
 
 In the not distant future the City of New York, or, as some propose to 
 
134 LOOKING BACKWARD. 
 
 call it, "The City of Manhattan,'' a title, by the way, long ago advocated by 
 Washing-ton Irving, will be quoted as one of the most beautiful, as it is already 
 one of the most important, of the earth. 
 
 New York's twin sister, Brooklyn, has followed in her elder's footsteps 
 in the march of improvement and prosperity. From an insignificant village, 
 the town has gradually increased to the importance of a large city, while 
 retaining a good deal of th«^ " rus in urhe "or as the ancient Dutch settlers 
 used to term it, ''lust in rust" (pleasure in repose). Not so very many 
 years ago pigs were the scavengers of Brooklyn streets, and used to run 
 about unchallenged and protected. Even forty years since these useful but 
 not ornamental animals were familiar to the eye in Fulton Street, and, indeed, 
 but a few years before that date they were not wholly unknown on Broadway, 
 New York. 
 
 Now, however, the streets of Brooklyn are patrolled by police in uniform, 
 and cleansed by a system equal, if not superior, to that of New York. 
 
 Brooklyn is mostly a city of homes. Business men love to come back, 
 after a day's turmoil, to a peaceful home, and of these Brooklyn is full. 
 
 Not that there is any lack of business stir and progress, but it is mostly 
 connected with the needs of the residents and does not deal with the outside 
 world to any great extent. 
 
 There are any amount of churches, so many, indeed, that Brooklyn is 
 familiarly and affectionately called, " The City of Churches." All denomi 
 nations flourish there, from the stately Catholic to the lowly Dunker, and from 
 the orthodox Episcopalian to the heterodox Irvingite and Swedenborgian. 
 All shades of faith and all varieties of doctrine can be had for the asking. 
 
 Theatres, too, abound, but altogether of the combination character; and 
 Brooklyn is the paradise of amateur dramatic associations. 
 
 Music is also ardently" cultivated and nobly patronized, the Brooklyn 
 Philharmonic being second to that of New York only in numbers and talent. 
 
 Thirty -five years ago public entertainments in this city were represented 
 by the Brooklyn Museum, in which scenery was so scanty that, on one 
 occasion of the performance of " Black-Eyed Susan," William was hanged in 
 a scene representing Fulton Ferry as the nearest approach to a nautical 
 setting. 5 
 
 Now the appointments and magnificence of theatrical decoration is not 
 excelled even by Paris. 
 
 There can be no doubt that, in course of time, many more gigantic 
 * bridges, like the grand structure now spanning the East River will still more 
 closely bind with their chains of iron the two cities, and probably bring about 
 a stricter union. 
 
 As it is, Brooklyn is a charming place to live in, and a solid place to do 
 business in, and happy and blessed are the inhabitants thereof. 
 
GENERAL INFORMATION. 
 
 AMUSEMENTS. 
 
 ^HE CITY OF NEW YORK is prolific in public amusements of all kinds. 
 There are clubs for the socially disposed ; taverns, euphemistically 
 called " saloons," for the convivial ; lectures, for the intellectual ; ser- 
 mons, for the pious ; concerts for the musical ; and theatres for the dramatic. 
 There was a mag-nificent Opera House, in which the finest singers of the 
 world were heard, but which is now, alas ! dust and ashes. 
 
 Of course, thing's musical cannot remain without an Opera House, but at 
 present there is none. 
 
 There are, however, theatres in plenty, both leg-itimate, minor, melo- 
 dramatic, spectacular and variety. Of the leg-itimate, the lead is undoubtedly 
 Daly's Theatre, Broadway and West Thirtieth Street. 
 
 This is really the only theatre in New York at present, in which a stock 
 company, of first-rate merit all through, performs, not onlj' the modern drama, 
 and Mr. Daly's own adaptations from the French and German stage, but the 
 g-enuine old Eng-lish comedies and the lig-hter Shakespearean plays. Of late 
 years Daly's has taken the place so long and so worthily held by Wallack's 
 Theatre, first established on Broome Street and Broadway, by James A. Wal- 
 lack, father of Lester Wallack ; then on the site of the present " Star " Theatre, 
 Broadway and Thirteenth Street ; and lastly where Mr. Palmer now holds 
 sway, exactly opposite Daly's, on the corner of Broadway and Thirtieth 
 Street. 
 
 Daly's is the highest-priced theatrical entertainment in New York, the 
 best seats costing $2, and the cheapest 50 cents. It is beautifully deco- 
 rated within, by Garibaldi and Grivaz ; while many valuable portraits of 
 celebrated actors adorn the walls of the lobby. There are 1,309 seats, in each 
 of which a perfect view of the stage can be obtained, and in which the actors' 
 voices are distinctly audible. 
 
 The management, both of the stage and of the front of the house, is 
 thorough; nothing is slighted, but all done ''decently and in order." The 
 company is sterling in every line of business, and the leading ladj^ Miss Ada 
 Rehan, is confessedly the best actress in America, and, not only that, she has 
 brought London to her feet. 
 
 A special charm in this theatre is the band, which, though not large, is 
 as near perfection, musically, as possible. Every member is an artist, and 
 the musical director, Mr. Henry Widmer, is one of the first musicians and 
 contrapuntists of the day. On occasions that require more musical force the 
 band is increased, and every one who has heard the music of ''As You Like 
 It," given in this theatre, will remember the exquisite rendering. As on the 
 stage, so in the orchestra, the paint room and the lobbies, every one knows 
 his business, is fitted for his business, and does his business. 
 
126 AMUSEMENTS. 
 
 The present house is on the site of the old Banvard-Barnum-Wood 
 Museum. 
 
 The Lyceum Theatre, on Fourth Avenue and Twenty-third Street, is also 
 a stock theatre, of which Miss Georgia Cay van, an excellent actress, is the 
 leading- light. It is a very pretty and w^ell arranged, though tiny house, with 
 661 seats, ranging in price from 75 cents to $2. 
 
 The plays given here are all pleasing, light, and irreproachable in style. 
 The stage setting and the costuming are models of beauty and good taste, and 
 the company is excellent. The manager is Mr. Daniel Frohman, a man of 
 wide experience and earnest devotion to the good in art. 
 
 The Casino, an oriental looking building on the corner of Broadway and 
 Thirty-ninth Street, has been, since its opening on October 8, 1882, the chosen 
 house of comic opera in New York. Here were produced many splendid suc- 
 cesses, under the management of the Aronsons. 
 
 ''Amorita," "Prince Methusaleh," "Nadgy," and "Erminie," all saw 
 the light of public favor in this beautiful theatre. Here Lillian Russell made 
 her reputation; here Pauline Hall was developed. The Casino hall and 
 chorus are models for all operetta theatres, and the stage setting is perfect. 
 
 There are 623 seats on the floor, 172 in the balcony, and 210 in the gallery. 
 The prices are from $1.50 to 50 cents, and there is a roof garden for the sum- 
 mer, which will seat 800 people. 
 
 Harrigan's Theatre, West Thirty-sixth Street and Sixth Avenue, is also 
 a stock company house, with a permanent star in the person of Mr. Edward 
 Harrigan, the proprietor. 
 
 The plays given here are all descriptive of New York life in its lower 
 strata. The New^ York Irishman, a very different type from the Irishman of 
 Dublin or Cork ; the New York German, or " Dutchman," as he is popularly 
 entitled, who also is about as like a Berliner or a Viennese as New York itself 
 is like those cities. ''Much the same, only different." The New York 
 tough, who is "native and to the manner born," and the New York nigger, 
 a perfectly indigenous product, display all their eccentricities in this pretty 
 and commodious theatre, illustrated and intensified by the characteristic 
 music of Mr. Dave Braham, which combines the musical manners of all the 
 nations of the earth, flavored with the New York timbre. 
 
 The Madison Square Theatre, on West Twenty- fourth Street and Broad- 
 way, has had a somewhat chequered career. First, a negro minstrel show ; 
 then Kelly & Leon's negro burlesques ; next, John Brougham, the comedian 
 and author, made an unsuccessful attempt to manage it, with his own dramas. 
 Afterwards the proprietor, Mr. James Fisk, Jr., called it " The Fifth Avenue 
 Theatre," and tried French opera bouffe. Augustin Daly then took hold, and 
 successfully, giving to the New York public the greatest of American 
 actresses — Clara Morris. 
 
 Next it was burnt to the ground. 
 
 Robert Palmer (Heller) then opened a little hall on the site, with necro- 
 mancy and conjuring. 
 
 The house was rebuilt in a charming style, and for some years was a 
 model to dramatic workers. Here "Hazel Kirke," alias "The Iron Will," 
 
 ^ 
 
AMUSEMENTS. 127 
 
 alias ''The Green Lanes of Eng-land," ran for two years, under the naanag-e- 
 ment of Messrs. Mallory and Daniel Frohman, and many other " clean plays," 
 as Mr. Mallory used to call them, delighted people of good taste. 
 
 Mr. A. M. Palmer then took hold, and made it a classic theatre, with an 
 almost perfect company. Now it is the home of farce comedy, under the 
 control of Messrs. Ho^^t & Thomas. The stage here is double, and one act 
 can be set while another is going on. The exquisite drop curtain, by Louis 
 C. Tiffanj", is alone worth a visit. The prices are from 75 cents to $2. 
 
 The combination theatres greatly -exceed the stock company houses in 
 number. 
 
 To begin with the theatres most "down town " : 
 
 Niblo's Theatre, or Garden, as it used to be called, stands on the block 
 between Prince and Houston Streets, and forms part of the Metropolitan 
 Hotel. 
 
 For many years this magnificent house has been renowned, for the produc- 
 tion of spectacular and romantic dramas. Here the everlasting " Black 
 Crook " flashed on the public, and New York was first astounded, then 
 charmad, by visions of symmetrical limbs, dainty figures and glancing eyes, 
 gleaming armor, rich costumes, what there was of them, and fascinating 
 evolutions. 
 
 It is now conducted on the popular price system, the admission ranging 
 from 15 to 75 cents, and holds, even at these prices, $800. The sterling feature 
 of this theatre now is the small but perfect band, under the direction of 
 Anthonj" Reiff, who is, beyond doubt, the most capable and experienced con- 
 ductor both of opera and drama in the metropolis. 
 
 On the corner of Thirteenth Street and Broadway is the Star Theatre, 
 which, as its name imports, is devoted to the reception of well-known actors 
 and actresses who travel with their own companies. Mr. Crane plan's here a 
 long season every year, and most stars of the first and second magnitude 
 shine or scintillate here. 
 
 The proprietor and manager is Mr. Theodore Moss, who began his 
 theatrical career at Wallack's Theatre, corner of Broome Street and Broad- 
 way, and followed the fortunes of the Wallack family till their close by the 
 death of Lester Wallack. 
 
 Palmer's Theatre, Broadway and West Thirtieth Street, was occupied by 
 the Wallack Company and Mr. Henry E. Abbey till 18S8, and is now the 
 headquarters of Mr. Palmer's company ; in the intervals of his season being 
 rented as a combination theatre. The prices range from 50 cents to $1.50. 
 
 A full list of the other combination theatres is given on Section 4 of the 
 map of New York City, which accompanies this work. 
 
 In addition to the regular theatres, there are a vast number of places of 
 amusement in New York, at which concerts, lectures and various entertain- 
 ments are given. Principal among them is the 
 
 Carnegie Music Hall, Seventh Avenue and Fifty-Seventh Street, which 
 was opened in May, 1891. This splendid building was presented to the public 
 by Andrew Carnegie, the great iron-master, and has the finest concert hall 
 in the city, as well as a smaller one, for charity concerts, rehearsals, etc. The 
 
128 AMUSEMENTS. 
 
 concerts of the Symphony and Oratorio Societies, under the direction of Mr. 
 Walter Damrosch, are given here. 
 
 Chickering- Hall, Fifth Avenue and Eighteenth Street, is a spacious and 
 convenient hall, at which concerts, lectures, etc., of the first class are given, 
 in the season. 
 
 The Eden Musee, West Twenty-third Street, is the "Toussaud" of New York. 
 The wax works here displayed are life-like and magnificently costumed, and 
 the Chamber of Horrors, situated in the crypt, is soul-shuddering. There 
 are also musical and variety entertainments given in the main hall. 
 
 Hardman Hall, Fifth Avenue and Nineteenth Street, is devoted to high 
 class lectures and concerts, and is a commodious and spacious hall. 
 
 Koster and Bial's, West Twenty-third Street, near Sixth Avenue, is on a 
 plan between the London Music Hall and the French Cafe Chantant. Many 
 of the most celebrated artists in the line of variety have appeared here, such 
 as Carmencita, Vanoni, and the like. 
 
 The Lenox L3^ceum, Madison Avenue and East Fift3^-ninth Street, is a 
 favorite place for concerts, balls, receptions and amateur theatricals. Seidl 
 and Thomas have given concerts here. 
 
 Lexington Avenue Opera House, East Fifty-eighth Street and East 
 Fifty- ninth Street, is much of the same class as the Lenox L3'ceum. 
 
 The Atlantic Garden, Bowery, near Canal Street, is a genuine German 
 Bier Halle, celebrated for music and lager beer. 
 
 In addition to this there are manj' museums, such as Worth's, Sixth 
 Avenue and Thirtieth Street ; Huber's, East Fourteenth Street ; and Doris's, 
 Eighth Avenue, near Twenty- sixth Street. In these, curios, freaks of nature 
 and variety shows are given at prices from 10 cents to 50 cents. 
 
 The Madison Square Garden and Theatre, which occupies the block 
 bounded b}^ Madison and Fourth Avenues, and East Twenty-sixth and Twent^^- 
 seventh Streets, is built on the site formerly filled by the Harlem and New 
 Haven railway depot. It was afterwards transformed into Gilmore's Garden, 
 and then to Barnum's Hippodrome. 
 
 Now it is a magnificent example of the Italian Renaissance style, with 
 exquisitely beautiful colonnades, and a high tower of grand proportions, 
 called "The Diana Tower," from a figure of the goddess Diana standing tip- 
 toe and bending her shaft to the coming breeze. 
 
 The interior consists of a theatre so admirable in proportions that sight 
 and sound are both perfect, and so chaste in decoration that the stage effects 
 are not dulled b^' the garishness of the auditorium, as is too often the case. 
 
 A Grand Music Hall, in which orchestral concerts are given, and public 
 meetings, exhibitions, etc., held, is a principal feature of the vast building, 
 besides which there is a fine ball-room, a supper-room, and all necessary' 
 accommodations. The fee to the tower is 25 cents, and the hours of admission 
 are from 8 a. M. till 6 p. m. 
 
 A spacious roof garden, in which variety concerts are given during the 
 summer months, is a feature of this building. 
 
 The house and all its belongings is managed b}- T. Henr^^ French, the 
 well-known theatrical publisher. 
 
BAGGAGE INSPECTION.— BANKS. 129 
 
 The Broadway Theatre, on Broadway and Forty-first Street, is a spacious 
 and well-constructed house, richly and tastefully decorated. It is now under 
 the management of Mr. T. Henry French, and gives room to combinations of 
 the first class. Comic opera is frequently prepared here, and De Wolf Hop- 
 per and Francis Wilson have played several successful seasons. 
 
 The Bijou Theatre, on Broadway, near Thirty-first Street, under the con- 
 trol of J. Wesley Rosenquest, is noted for its admirable setting- of the various 
 farce comedies and burlesques which have been given here by combinations. 
 ''Adonis" ran for 600 nights, and " The Brass Monkey," "The City Direc- 
 tory," and plays of that sort form the staple amusements at this house. 
 
 The Empire Theatre, Broadway and Fortieth Street, under the manage- 
 ment of Charles Frohman, is devoted mainly to plays of American 
 authors, and is another of our stock theatres in which sterling dramas are 
 produced and national subjects treated of. 
 
 Mr. Frohman is one of our most liberal managers, and spares neither 
 trouble nor expense in his productions. The prices are from 50 cents to $3. 
 
 BAGGAGE INSPECTION. 
 
 HE checking system used in this country is much superior to any origin- 
 ated elsewhere. Before arriving in New York City, an express agent 
 is sent through the trains for the purpose of taking orders for delivering 
 the baggage of the passengers to any town address they may give, or to re- 
 check luggage across to some other station, if one is soon to continue his 
 journey. To the traveler who does not intend to take a carriage, or who has 
 several trunks, this is always a safe and cheap opportunity. The stray dray- 
 man to be picked up outside of the station in the street is often a most unre- 
 liable person. The traveler should always insist upon a receipt being given in 
 return for the check which the baggage agent must take to identify a trunk. 
 But great care should be taken to keep the check in a safe place until given 
 over to the baggage master, as it represents the luggage and causes much 
 trouble when lost, the traveler in that case being obliged to identify his bag- 
 gage by describing articles contained in the trunks. If one is in great haste, 
 and has but one trunk or two small ones, a carriage may be engaged near 
 any depot or ferry at a reasonable sum if one understands the rates. It is well 
 to get a station official to see that the cabman is not overcharging. In 
 leaving New York it is well to remember that trunks must be checked on the 
 New York City side of the ferr3\ They are then put on the same train as 
 their owners, or at least arrive at their destination at the same time. 
 
 BANKS. 
 
 ^EW YORK has forty-eight National Banks and forty-five State Banks. 
 The number of Savings and Private Banks it will be impossible to 
 enumerate, but among the well-known Savings Banks may be men- 
 tioned: The Union Dime Savings Bank, 54 West Thirty-second Street; The 
 Seaman's Savings Bank, 74 Wall Street; The Manhattan Savings Institution, 
 644 Broadway; The German Savings Bank, 100 East Fourteenth Street; The 
 
130 CHARITIES AND CORRECTION. 
 
 Harlem Saving's Bank, 2281 Third Avenue ; Broadway Saving's In- 
 stitution, 4 Park Place; Greenwich, 248 Sixth Avenue; Irving Bank, 
 96 Warren Street; Bowery Savings Bank, 130 Bowery; Twelfth 
 Ward Savings Bank, 217 West One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street; 
 and Bank for Savings, G7 Bleecker Street. These are the banks 
 that hold the wages of the working class. Here many a washer- 
 woman's odd dimes are deposited in case of a "rainy day. " Among' the richest 
 banks of New York, whose patrons are of a totally different class of people 
 from those banking at the list of institutions mentioned above, could be men- 
 tioned the American Exchange at 128 Broadway; Bank of the Republic, 2 
 Wall Street; Bank of New York, 48 Wall Street; Bank of Commerce, 29 
 Nassau Street; Mercantile Bank, 191 Broadway; Merchants' Bank, 42 Wall 
 Street; United States, 41 Wall Street; Produce E.xchange, Produce Exchange 
 Building ; Chemical Bank, 270 Broadway ; Bank of Manhattan Company, 40 
 Wall Street; Bank of North America, 25 Nassau Street; Bank of America, 
 46 Wall Street; Bank of the State of New York, 33 William Street; Broad- 
 way Bank, 237 Broadway; Central, 320 Broadway; City Bank, 52 Wall 
 Street; Chase, 15 Nassau Street; Hanover, 11 Nassau Street; Gallatin, 36 
 Wall Street; Leather Manufacturers, 29 Wall Street; Phenix,49 Wall Street; 
 Southern, 78 Wall Street; Western, 120 Broadway; Third, 26 Nassau Street; 
 Park, 214 Broadway; Market and Fulton, 81 Fulton Street; Continental, 7 
 Nassau Street; Fourth, 14 Nassau Street; Corn Exchange, 13 William Street; 
 First, 2 Wall Street; Importers and Traders, 247 Broadway. 
 
 The New York Trust companies, that represent so many millions of money, 
 must be mentioned in connection with the banks. Prominent among them is 
 the Mercantile Trust Company, 120 Broadway; The Atlantic Trust Company, 
 39 William Street; The Fidelity Loan and Trust Company, 37 Wall Street; 
 The Union Trust Company, 80 Broadway; The Farmers' Loan and Trust 
 Company, 22 William Street; The Central Trust Company, 54 Wall Street; 
 The United States Trust Company, 45 Wall Street; Knickerbocker Trust 
 Company, 234 Fifth Avenue and 18 Wall Street; State Trust Company, 50 
 Wall Street; Metropolitan Trust Company, 37 and 39 Wall Street. 
 
 CHARITIES AND CORRECTION. 
 
 -^T^HIS public department is under the jurisdiction of three salaried com- 
 (w\ missioners. The workhouse, public hospitals, almshouses, insane 
 asylums and penitentiary, are also under the same supervision. The 
 poor sick are at liberty to apply to these commissioners in order to be sent to 
 Bellevue Hospital. There is a country place belonging- to the department 
 where imbeciles are allowed to work. 
 
 The office of the Board of Charities and Correction is at Third Avenue 
 and Eleventh Street. Any one wishing to visit the various asylums under 
 this control can be given a permit at the above address. This permit will 
 enable one to go through Bellevue Hospital, at the end of East Twenty-sixth 
 Street ; and the Fordham Hospital, 2456 Valentine Avenue ; the Harlem 
 Reception Hospital, 525 East One Hundred and Twentieth Stret ; and the 
 Gouverneur Hospital, corner of Front Street, Gouverneur Slip. 
 
CHURCHES.— DIVINE SERVICES. 13 L 
 
 Many building's, such as the Almshouse, the Maternity, Epileptic. Charity, 
 and Paralytic Hospitals, the Blind Asylum, Home for Incurables, the Peni- 
 tentiary, and Lunatic Asylum for Women, are all on Blackwell's Island. 
 The ferry from East Twenty-sixth Street takes one to this place of refuge for 
 so many suffering souls. 
 
 The Homoeopathic Hospital, for either men or women, is on Ward's 
 Island. 
 
 The Children's Hospital and the Infants' Hospital are on Randall's 
 Island. 
 
 The Workhouse, Cit^^ Insane Asylum and Cit}' Cemetery' are on 
 Hart's Island. 
 
 On North Brother Island may be found the Riverside Hospital for Con- 
 tagious Diseases. The temporar^'^ reception place for all those suflfering* from 
 contagious diseases is at the foot of East Sixteenth Street. 
 
 The New York Morgue is located on the grounds of Bellevue Hospital. 
 The dead are kept here for three days. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 DIVINE SERVICES. 
 
 OME of the most valuable church property in the world lies in New York 
 City. One cannot fail to be struck w4th this fact in passing up Mad- 
 ison Avenue, Fifth Avenue, and m3buy other thoroughfares. 
 
 One of the most interesting- churches in New York is old Trinity; almost 
 perfect in its style of architecture, it is a landmark about which manj^ hallowed 
 and historical facts cluster. The original church was destroyed in 1776, bemg 
 burned by the British when they took possession of the town. It was rebuilt 
 twice, the last time in 1846, the material being brown sand stone; the design 
 is Gothic. The spire is some 284 feet high, and beautifully shaped. It is, 
 saving one church, the Dutch Reformed, the oldest in town. A fashionable 
 church to old New Yorkers, it has but small room for new comers, althoug-h 
 many pew owners allow visitors to sit in their seats. Some of the best blooded 
 and oldest families worship within its walls. 
 
 There are seven auxiliary churches attached to Trinity Parish, and 
 among these are St. John's Chapel, Varick Street; Trinity Chapel, West 
 Twenty-fifth Street; St. Paul's Chapel, Broadway and Fulton Street; and 
 St. Agnes' Chapel, West Ninety-second Street. 
 
 Trinity Church is surrounded by a beautiful and solemn graveyard, 
 shaded by umbrageous trees and enriched by many monuments erected to the 
 great and good of past years ; for of late, intramural interments have been 
 discontinued. 
 
 This "God's acre" makes a very beautiful and characteristic adornment to 
 the lower part of the city, and the view from Wall Street, of the church and 
 its surroundings, is most impressive, especially when seen hy the chaste lig"ht 
 
132 CHURCHES.— DIVINE SERVICES. 
 
 of the moon, for of Trinity Church, as of Melrose Abbey, it may well be said: 
 " If thou wouldst see Melrose (Trinity) aright, 
 Go visit it b^^ the pale moonlight." 
 
 The churchyard contains some highly interesting tombs and monuments, 
 among which are worthy of notice the graves of Charlotte Temple; of 
 William Bradford, who published the first newspaper in New York — The 
 Neic York Gazette — little dreaming of the fruitful progeny that would 
 spring from his puny bantling; of Albert Gallatin, one of the first Secretaries 
 of the Treasury; of Lord Stirling, who, although a nobleman, lent his aid to 
 the cause of Democracy in the army of the Revolution, 
 
 There is also a mausoleum erected in remembrance of Captain Lawrence 
 and Lieutenant Ludlow,of the frigate "Chesapeake," who was killed in the fight 
 with the British frigate " Shannon," one of the very few naval engagements 
 in which the revolted colonists were worsted. A memorial cross, after the 
 fashion of the many crosses erected by King Edward I., in memory of his 
 Queen Eleanor, and dedicated to the soldiers who died on board the prison 
 ship and elsewhere in New York at the time of the Revolution, and also, if 
 report said sooth, to block the extension of Wall Street, which at the time was 
 contemplated by the corporation, and which would have cut through Trinity 
 Churchyard. Robert Fulton, the American inventor of marine propulsion by 
 steam, and many others of note, sleep here, under the shadow of the lordly 
 elms. 
 
 St. Paul's Chapel, Broadway and Vesey Street, was built in 1766, and 
 is remarkable for having its tower at the western end. The style is Georgian 
 Romanesque, and is not impressive. 
 
 In the rear wall, on Broadway, is a tablet in memory of General Richard 
 Montgomery, the hero of Quebec. 
 
 There also are monuments to Thomas Addis Emmet, the Irisli patriot, 
 and George Frederic Cooke, the tragedian, whose monument has been twice 
 restored, once by Charles Kean, and next by Edward Askew Sothern. The 
 churchyard is a quiet, peaceful garden, fit for contemplation and religious 
 thought. 
 
 A great change has taken place in the music of the Episcopal Church of 
 late years. 
 
 Forty years ago a vested choir would have been looked upon as an inven- 
 tion of the adversar}^ ; and now most churches have a full choir of surpliced 
 or vested boys and men, frequentlj'^ reinforced by women, but all, without 
 regard to sex, dressed in ecclesiastical garments, and in some churches the 
 women wearing the biretta. 
 
 In truth, the music is vastly improved by this evolution, for the old-time 
 quartet choir was '' a weak invention of the enemy."' 
 
 The Trinity Parish Choir is merely surpliced, but many of the High 
 Church ones are fully vested in cassock and gown. 
 
 St. Patrick's Cathedral is the largest and most imposing Roman 
 Catholic Church in the city. It is built in Gothic style, of white marble with a 
 granite base. The building was designed by Renwick. 
 
 It has many beautiful stained-glass windows done by foreign artists. In 
 
CHURCHES.— DIVINE SEEVICES. 133 
 
 Madison Avenue its bishop's house stands, and also homes for other church 
 dig-nitaries. St. Patrick's Choir is under the direction of Professor AVilliam 
 Pecher ; he has at his service a choir of fifty, with a chancel choir of sixty. 
 This church stands on Fifth Avenue, on the corner of Fiftieth Street, and it is 
 one that no visitor can afford to miss seeing, no matter of what denomina- 
 tion they be. 
 
 St. Francis Xavier is another large and very beautiful Roman Catholic 
 Church. It stands in West Sixteenth Street, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. 
 
 The inside of the church is thought by many to be in much better taste, 
 and at the same time much more handsome, than the interior of St, Patrick's 
 Cathedral. Adjoining this large granite house of prayer is its college and 
 also its priests' house. These buildings form a most picturesque part of 
 the block. 
 
 St. Francis Xavier is noted for its fine male voices ; the Greccrian 
 masses and music are, indeed, worth coming from any distance to hear, as 
 g-iven at this church. Mr. Oscar Bruno Klein is the organist and director of 
 the choir. 
 
 Another Catholic Church, but one where both men and women's voices 
 are employed, is the Church of 
 
 St. Agnes' (Roman Catholic).— This stands in Forty-second Street. This 
 church is also celebrated for its music. It is not a handsome building, as seen 
 from the street. 
 
 St. Agnes' Chapel, a church in West Ninety-second Street, that 
 has a very fine choir of boys' voices, of whom Mr. Edward Stubbs has 
 charg-e. Being one of the branch churches springing from old Trinity, this 
 is a fashionable and well-attended chapel. 
 
 One of the most interesting' churches in New York is St. Mark's Episco- 
 pal, Tenth Street and Second Avenue. The first building was put up under 
 the auspices of Pieter Van Stuyvesant, the last Dutch Governor of Nieuw 
 Amsterdam, the precursor of New York. The present church was erected in 
 1826, and was then in the fields. It was from the vaults of St. Mark's that 
 the body of A. T. Stewart, the great dry-goods merchant, was taken some 
 years ag"o. 
 
 The rector is the Rev. Mr. Rylance ; the organist, Mr. Mulligan ; and the 
 well-known tenor, Mr. H. Pepper, is a member of the quartet choir. 
 
 The Church of the Transfiguration, East Twenty-ninth Street, near 
 Fifth Avenue, is a very interesting edifice. It is of the low Gothic style, 
 surrounded by a quiet churchyard, bowered by trees and creeping vines, and 
 is the special place of worship of the dramatic profession— who are buried 
 and married here. This preference is due to a romantic happening on the 
 death of George Holland, the comedian. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Jefferson requested the rector of a fashionable church on 
 Madison Avenue to read the burial service, but the proud parson refused 
 to have anything to do with the interment of a "rogue and vagabond," as the 
 Puritans of old and the bigots of the present day count an actor to be—but 
 added, as an afterthought: "There is a little church around the corner 
 where they do that sort of thing." 
 
134 CHURCHES —DIVINE SERVICES. 
 
 *' Then God bless the little church around the corner,'' cried Jefferson; 
 and the name stuck. 
 
 The following- is a list of the pi-incipal churches in New York : 
 
 Protestant Episcopal. — All Angels, West End Avenue and Eig-hty- 
 first Street; All Souls', Madison Avenue and Sixty-sixth Street; Ascension, 
 Fifth Avenue and Tenth Street ; Beloved Disciple, Madison Avenue and 
 Eighty-ninth Street ; Calvary, Fourth Avenue and Twenty-first Street ; 
 Church of the Holy Communion, Sixth Avenue, corner Twentieth Street; 
 Grace, Broadway, near Tenth Street ; Heavenly Rest, 551 Fifth Avenue, 
 near Forty-fifth Street; Holy Trinity, Madison Avenue and Forty-second 
 Street; Holy Trinity, Harlem, Lenox Avenue, corner One Hundred and 
 Twenty-second Street; St. Andrew's, Fifth Avenue and One Hundred and 
 Twenty-seventh Street; St. Ann's, 7 West Eighteenth Street; St. Augus- 
 tine's Chapel, 105 East Houston Street, between Bowery and Second Avenue; 
 St. Bartholomew's, Madison Avenue and Forty-fourth Street; St. George's, 
 Stuyvesant Square and East Sixteenth Street; St. James', Madison Avenue 
 and Seventy-first Street; St. Michael's, Amsterdam Avenue and Ninety- 
 ninth Street ; St. Paul's Chapel, Trinity Parish, Broadway and Fulton 
 Street ; St. Thomas, Fifth Avenue and Fiftj^-third Street ; Transfiguration, 5 
 East Twenty-ninth Street ; Trinity, Broadway, opposite Wall Street. 
 
 Roman Catholic. — St. Patrick's Cathedral, Fifth Avenue and Fifty-first 
 Street ; St. Gabriel's, Thirty-seventh Street, between First and Second 
 Avenues; St. Leo's, 11 East Twenty-eighth Street; St. Francis Xavier, 36 
 West Sixteenth Street; St. Paul the Apostle, Ninth Avenue and Sixtieth 
 Street ; Church of the Sacred Heart, 459 West Fifty-first Street ; St. Peter's, 
 Barclay and Church Streets ; St. Vincent Ferrer's, Lexington Avenue and 
 Sixty-sixth Street; St. Bridget's, 131 Avenue B, corner Eighth Street; 
 Church of the Holy Cross, 311 West Forty-second Street ; St. Stephen's, 149 
 East Twenty eighth Street; The Church of the Immaculate Conception. 505 
 East Fourteenth Street; and the Church of the Guardian Angels, 51 West 
 Twenty-third Street. 
 
 Hebrew^. — Ahawath Chesed, Lexington Avenue and Fifty-fifth Street; 
 Beth El, Fifth Avenue and Seventy-sixth Street; Beth-Israel Bikur Cholim, 
 Seventy-second Street and Lexington Avenue; Beth-Hamedrash Hogodal, 54 
 Norfolk Street; B'Nai Jeshurun, Madison Avenue and Sixty-fifth Stieet; 
 Shaaray Tefilla, 127 West Forty-fourth Street ; Shearith Israel, 5 West 
 Nineteenth Street ; Temple Emanu-El, Fifth Avenue and Forty-third Street ; 
 Temple Israel of Harlem, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street and Fifth 
 Avenue. 
 
 Presbyterian. — Brick Church, Fifth Avenue and Thirty-seventh Street ; 
 Central, 220 West Fift3^-seventh Street; Church of the Covenant, Park 
 Avenue and Thirty-fifth Street ; Fifth Avenue, Fifth Avenue, corner 
 Fifty-fifth Street; First, Fifth Avenue and Eleventh Street; First 
 Union, 147 East Eighty-sixth Street; Harlem, 43 East One Hun- 
 dred and Twenty-tifth Street ; Madison Avenue, 506 Madison Avenue ; 
 Madison Square, Madison Square and Twenty- fourth Street ; Park, 
 Eighty-sixth Street and Amsterdam Avenue ; Phillips, Seventy-third Street,. 
 
CHURCHES.— DIVINE SERVICES. 135 
 
 corner Madison Avenue; Rutgers, Riverside, Seventy-third Street, corner 
 Boulevard ; Scotch, 63 West Fourteenth Street; Union Tabernacle, 139 West 
 Thirty-fifth Street ; University Place, Universitj' Place, corner Tenth Street ; 
 West, 31 West Forty-second Street ; West End, One Hundred and Fifth 
 Street and Amsterdam Avenue ; Westminster Church of West Twenty-third 
 Street, 210 West Twenty-third Street. 
 
 Lutheran. — Evangelical Church of the Holy Trinity, 47 West Twenty- 
 first Street ; St. James' Evangelical, 900 Madison Avenue ; St. Luke's Ger- 
 man Evangelical, 233 West Forty-second Street ; St. Mark's Evangelical, 327 
 Sixth Avenue ; St. Peter's German Evangelical, Lexington Avenue, corner 
 Fort3'-sixth Street. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal. — Calvary, Seventh Avenue and One Hundred and 
 Twenty-ninth Street; Hedding, 337 East Seventeenth Street; Madison 
 Avenue, Madison Avenue and Sixtieth Street ; St. Andrew's, Seventy-sixth 
 Street, near Columbus Avenue ; Trinity, 323 East Eighteenth Street ; St. 
 James', Madison, corner One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Street; St. John's, 
 231 West Fifty- third Street. 
 
 African Methodist Episcopal. — Bethel, 216 Sullivan Street. 
 
 Reformed Dutch. — Bloomingdale, Boulevard, corner Sixty-ninth Street; 
 Collegiate, Fifth Avenue and Twenty-ninth Street ; Collegiate, Fifth Avenue 
 and Forty-eighth Street ; Collegiate, 191 East One Hundred and Twenty-first 
 Street, near Third Avenue ; Madison Avenue, Madison Avenue and Fifty- 
 seventh Street; South, southeast corner Madison Avenue and Thirty- eighth 
 Street; Thirty-fourth Street, 307 West Thirty-fourth Street. 
 
 Reformed Presbyterian. — Second, 229 West Thirty-ninth Street. 
 
 Baptist. — Amity, 310 West Fifty-fourth Street; Calvary, Fifty-seventh 
 Street, east of Seventh Avenue; Church of the Epiphany, Sixty-fourth Street 
 and Madison Avenue ; Fifth Avenue, 6 West Forty-sixth Street ; First, 
 Boulevard and Seventy ninth Street ; Grace, 111 East Ninety-second Street; 
 Madison Avenue, Madison Avenue and Thirty-first Street; Memorial, 
 Washington Square South, corner Thompson Street ; Mount Morris, Fifth 
 Avenue, near One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Street ; The Tabernacle, Second 
 Avenue and Tenth Street; Twenty-third Street, Association Hall, Fourth 
 Avenue and Twenty-third Street. 
 
 Congregational. — Broadway Tabernacle, Sixth Avenue and Thirty- 
 fourth Street; Central, 309 West Fifty seventh Street; Pilgrim Church of 
 New York, Madison Avenue and One Hundred and Twenty-first Street; 
 Trinity, Tremont, Washington Avenue and One Hundred and Seventy-sixth 
 Street. 
 
 Disciples of Christ. — Church of Disciples of Christ, 323 West Fifty- 
 sixth Street. 
 
 Friends.— East Fifteenth, 5 East Fifteenth Street, corner Rutherford 
 Place. 
 
 Miscellaneous Churches. — Catholic Apostolic, 417 West Fifty-seventh 
 Street ; Church of the Strangers, 299 Mercer Street, near Eighth Street ; First 
 Reformed Episcopal, Madison Avenue and Fifty- fifth Street; Greek Church 
 of New York (in Swedish Evangelical Church), 340 West Forty-third Street; 
 
136 ELEVATED RAILROADS.— EXPRESS SERVICE. 
 
 Hebrew Christian Church, 17 St. Mark's Place, East Eighth Street; Mission 
 Chapel of Divine Providence (Swedenborgian), 356 West Forty-fourth Street; 
 Salvation Army, 111 Reade Street. 
 
 ELEVATED RAILROADS. 
 
 The Manhattan Elevated Railroad Company has entire charge of all the 
 elevated lines in New York. There are four separate roads — the Second 
 Avenue, Third Avenue, Sixth Avenue, and Ninth Avenue. 
 
 The stranger must bear in mind that no tickets are collected on the train, 
 as on the surface car, but must be bought in the office and dropped in the 
 receiver at the gate. Waiting rooms and toilet rooms are provided at the 
 stations for the use of the passengers. An enormous business is done on 
 these mid-air roads. To the business man they are an imperative necessity. 
 For stations marked # see map of tlie City of New York. 
 
 EXPRESS SERVICE. 
 
 -^^ HE principal express companies have established so manj^ branch offices 
 ^) that one always lies within easy walking distance from an3^ part of the 
 city. 
 
 Added to these, there are many small express wagons that stand at cor- 
 ners when idle, and frequently they will take a package much cheaper than a 
 well known company. However, it is much better to go direct to a reliable 
 firm. 
 
 Among the prominent foreign express offices are: 
 
 Wells Fargo — 63 Broadway; 10 Clinton Place; 957 Broadway, etc. 
 
 Baldwin's American-European, 53 Broadway. 
 
 American Express — 65 Broadwa^^; Forty-seventh Street and Madison 
 Avenue; 121 East One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street; 940 Broadway; 
 Eighth Avenue and Fifty-third Street; 15 East Fourteenth Street. 
 
 The continental offices are: 
 
 American — 940, 715, 785 and 65 Broadway; Madison Avenue and Forty- 
 seventh Street; Eighth Avenue and Fifty-third Street; 121 East One Hundred 
 and Twenty-fifth Street; 237 West One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street. 
 
 Adams— 40 East Forty-second Street; 59 Broadway; 684 Broadway; 
 Lexington Avenue and Forty-eighth Street; 12 West Twenty-third Street. 
 
 New York and Boston Dispatch — 45 Church Street; 940 Broadway; 304 
 Canal Street. 
 
 National— Forty-seventh Street and Madison Avenue; 145 Broadway; 
 950 Broadway; 785 Broadway; the foot of West Forty-second Street. 
 
 Wells Fargo— 10 Clinton Place; foot of West Twenty-third Street; also 
 foot of Chambers Street; 957 Broadway, 63 and 317 Broadway. 
 
 The United States Express offices may be found at 49 Broadway; at 
 946 Broadway, and at 1313 and 683 Broadway; at 875 Sixth Avenue; 72 West 
 One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street; 243 Third Avenue. 
 
 The local companies are: 
 
 Westcott— 53 West One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street; 1159 Ninth 
 
FINE ARTS. 137 
 
 Avenue; the foot of Barclaj^ Street; 12 Park Place; foot of West Forty-second 
 Street; foot of Christopher Street; foot of Jaj^ Street; 785 Broadway; 942 
 Broadway; Grand Central Depot. 
 
 Dodd's Express— called the New York Transfer Company— is to be found 
 on the corner of Sixth Avenue and Forty-second Street; foot of Desbrosses 
 Street; 944 Broadway; 1323 Broadway; foot of Liberty Street; 241 West 
 Twenty-eighth Street; 132 East One Hundred and Twenty- fifth Street; 264 
 West One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street; corner Ninth Avenue and 
 Seventy-second Street. 
 
 Long Island— foot of East Thirty-fourth Street. 
 
 If one wishes to express money, it can be done at any of the Continental 
 Express Companies. For orders for any part of the United States, a com- 
 mission of five cents is charged for $5.00, and so on at this rate up. 
 
 FINE ARTS. 
 
 New York has given some eminent artists to the world since Washing- 
 ton Allston painted his chromatic picture of " Uriel in the Sun," in the days 
 of our great grandfathers. 
 
 The names of Copley, Trumbull, Cole, Peale, and others, will occur to 
 the minds of every one interested in the art pictorial, while that of Ward 
 stands forth in sculpture as equal to the masters of the Old World. 
 
 As for the American artists who reside abroad, their name is legion, but 
 with them we are not at present concerned, save as their works appear in our 
 exhibitions. 
 
 The Society of American Artists and the Academy of Design, are, per- 
 haps, the chief places in which the best examples of native work may be seen. 
 The Academy, which has its abiding place in the imitation of the palace of 
 the Doge of Venice, at Fourth Avenue and Twenty-third Street, was founded 
 in 1828, and is the oldest in New York, and the oldest but one in the United 
 States, that elder being the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, in Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 This institution gives two exhibitions every year, of which that held in 
 the spring is the chief. There are two grades of rank — academicians and 
 associates, of which the first numbers one hundred, and the second fifty, besides 
 a crowd of postulants, who have opportunities of study, and various induce- 
 ments in the way of prizes and medals. 
 
 The Society of American Artists was established in 1871, is situated 
 in West Fifty-seventh Street, and is representative of the French salon, even 
 as is the Academy of the Royal Academy of London. 
 
 This equal balancing of schools is very characteristic of the cosmopolitan 
 character of New York, which is truly of no nation, and yet of all. 
 
 Sculpture is by no means so important a factor as its sister art, Painting, 
 and, sooth to say, the statues to be seen in public places do not redound 
 greatly to the credit of that branch of art, which lives to flourish but among 
 the Latin races, and to degenerate among practical Anglo-Saxons and their 
 compatriots. 
 
 The American Water Color Society exhibits in February at the Academy 
 
138 FINE ARTS.- FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 of Design palace. This society was formed in 1867, and has seventy-six 
 resident and thirty-eight non-resident members. 
 
 The artists in water colors — whether in aquarelles or gauches — stand very 
 high in the world of art, ranking beyond those of London, and with those of 
 Paris. 
 
 In friendly brotherhood is the New York Etching Club, which has thirty 
 resident and fifteen non-resident members, and has turned out some very admir- 
 able work, although of late rudely assaulted b}^ the novel process of photo- 
 gravure and such like " mere mechanical fellows," which produce, at a low 
 price, the effect desired with accuracy and certainty. 
 
 There are also the New York Water Color Club, which began exhibiting 
 in 1890, and Society of Painters in Pastel. 
 
 The American Art Association, No. 6 East Twenty-third Street, gives 
 exhibitions of native painting, prizes, and special views of celebrated smgle 
 pictures, such as " The Angelus." 
 
 In addition to these are many proprietary exhibitors such as Knoedler & 
 Company, at Fifth Avenue and Twenty second Street ; Boussod Valadon & 
 Company, Blakeslee & Company, S. P. Avery, Jr., L. Crist Delmonico, 
 Reichard & Company, Montross, Durand Ruel, Cottier & Co., 144 Fifth 
 Avenue. 
 
 Studio buildings are plenty and commodious. Nos. 51 to 55 West Tenth 
 Street is well known as an artistic hive, as also is the University and Benedick 
 on East Washington Square. 
 
 The Young Men's Christian Association, opposite the Academy of Design 
 in West Twenty-third Street, near Fourth Avenue ; and No. 3 Washington 
 Square, North, are also snug rests for artists ; and in West Fifty-fifth Street 
 there is a perfect colony, extending from No. 106 to No. 146. 
 
 Noted mural painters are John La Farge, George W. Maynard, Francis 
 Lathrop,also a maker of mosaics; Thomas W. Dewing, Kenyon Cox, Walter 
 Shirlaw, and Richard Newton, Jr. Fashionable portrait painters include 
 Benjamin C. Porter, John Sargent, Wyatt Eaton, Harper Pennington, East- 
 man Johnson, George B. Butler, Carroll Beckwith, Rice, Hardy, Chase, 
 Daniel Huntington, Thomas W. Wood, H. A. Loop. Among landscapists 
 are George Innes, Albert P. Ryder, John La Farge, Homer D. Martin, 
 Theodore Robinson, Frederick Church, Melville Dewey, Robert Mmer, D wight 
 Try on, Robert Reid and John Johnson. Religious painting for churches is 
 produced by John La Farge, Richard Creifeld, Mrs. Ella Condie Lamb, and 
 Frederick Crowninshield. Historical pictures by M. F. H, de Haas, Thomas 
 Hovenden, Gilbert Gaul, Frank D. Millet, J. O. Davidson, Julian Scott, 
 Winslow Homer, and others. 
 
 FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 ^HE staff of the Fire Department consists of one chief, two deputy 
 chiefs, twelve chiefs of battalions, fifty-seven foremen of engine com- 
 panies, seventy-nine assistant foremen, twenty-two foremen of hook 
 and ladder companies, and 900 firemen. This department has in charge the 
 safety of public places, such as theatres, museums, concert halls, etc. ; also. 
 
FOREIGN CONSULS.— HOTELS, LOCATIONS AND RATES. 139 
 
 control over any combustible matter. It has an enormous appropriation, and 
 is kept up to a perfect condition. The department is one of the finest in 
 America. 
 
 The " Fire Laddies," as the members of the department are affectionately 
 called, are dear to the hearts of every New Yorker and Brooklynite, the fire 
 service of which city is modeled after that of its elder sister. 
 
 In days of yore the Volunteer Fire Department, althoug-h gallant and 
 brave as their descendants of to-day, were g-iven to rioting-, and conduced in 
 a great measure to the rowdiness of the two cities. But the present force is 
 •eminently steady, respectable, and well drilled, and the neat uniform of blue 
 and silver is a badge of good conduct and worthy citizenship. We are, one 
 and all, proud and fond of our gallant fighters of fire. 
 
 FOREIGN CONSULS. 
 
 "I~70REIGNERS from almost any part of the world can find the represent- 
 r% atives of their country in New York City. For the benefit of those 
 \ seeking officials from other lands, a list is appended to show where these 
 -consuls may be found : The Minister from Greece, 115 Pearl Street ; Minister 
 from Hayti, 101 Pearl Street ; from France, 4 Bowling Green ; from Bolivia, 
 12G Liberty Street; from Chili, 15 Cortlandt Street ; Belgium, 329 Broadway ; 
 Argentine Republic, 60 Wall Street; Great Britain, 24 State Street; Costa 
 Rica, 76 Broad Street; Dominican Republic, 31 Broadway; China, 26 West 
 Niuth Street ; Brazil, 22 State Street ; Colombia, 24 State Street ; Denmark, 
 •69 Wall Street; Ecuador, 51 Liberty Street; Austria-Hungary^ 33 Broad- 
 "way ; Hawaiian Islands, 51 Leonard Street; Guatemala, 102 Front Street; 
 German Empire, 2 Bowling Green; Venezuela, 118 Broadway; Turke\', 132 
 Broadway ; Uruguay, 142 Pearl Street ; Sweden, 41 Broad Street ; Persia, 
 15 Broad Street; Spain, 30 Broad waj^ ; Switzerland, 89 Beaver Street; Por- 
 tugal, 102 Broad Street; Orange Free State, 80 Beaver Street; Norway, 41 
 Broad Street; Liberia, 19 William Street; Japan, 7 Warren Street; Hon- 
 'duras, 102 Front Street; Italy, 24 State Street; Korea, 69 Wall Street; 
 Mexico, 35 Broadway; Netherlands, 17 William Street; Monaco, 4 Bowling 
 ■Green ; Nicaragua, 76 Beaver Street; Peru, 19 Whitehall Street; Russia, 59 
 ■Clinton Place ; Salvador, 102 Chambers Street. 
 
 HOTELS, LOCATIONS AND RATES. 
 
 The Hoflman House, at 1111 Broadwaj^, is one of the most elegant and 
 satisfactory hotels in the cit^'. Its cuisine is also absolutely unsurpassed. 
 The works of art contained in its bar-room are a constant source of pleasure 
 -to the tourist. The private rooms, where a dinner for four or more can be 
 served, are beautifully fitted out, and cannot fail to delight the eye. The 
 hotel is on the European plan. 
 
 To the foreign traveler the Hotel Martin will prove most satisfactory. 
 This is a French hotel, and although not furnished in the sumptuous style of 
 -the Hoffman, the Metropole, Imperial, and others, has a thoroughly good cafe, 
 where the lovers of French cooking will find many dainties, procured directly 
 
140 HOTELS, LOCATIONS AND RATES. 
 
 off the French steamers, and at the service of the guest who knows how to 
 order well. This hotel is situated at 17 University Place. 
 
 Hotel Logerot possesses a novelty belonging to no other American hotel 
 — a beautiful enclosed garden back of the building, that stretches its way 
 through a large piece of ground ; this little flower land is just finished ; it 
 will blossom all the winter and summer for the benefit of the guests. When 
 the coals are being piled up high in the grates, the Hotel Logerot's guests 
 have but to retreat to this enormous conservatory to fancy the springtime 
 has come. Situated on Fifth Avenue, in a convenient location for the Broad- 
 way shopst, his new hotel cannot but be well patronized by town as well as 
 out-of-town lodgers. 
 
 The Brevoort House has the peculiarity of being the headquarters of 
 British tourists of the higher class. The " swells " all go there, and, indeed, 
 the solid comfort and aristocratic quiet have much in common with the 
 domestic style of the old-fashioned London hotels, such as Limmer's and 
 Long's. 
 
 The following list, arranged in alphabetical order, gives the addresses of 
 the New York hotels on the European plan — that is, meals charged separately 
 from the room — making the prices named simply inclusive of room rent, are 
 the 
 
 Astor House, Broadway and Vesey Street, $1.00. 
 
 Albermarle, 1105 Broadwaj', $2.50. 
 
 Aberdeen, 917 Broadway, $1.00. 
 
 Brevoort House, 11 Fifth Avenue, $2.00. 
 
 Bancroft House, 15 East Twenty-first Street, 50 cents. 
 
 Brower House, 24 West Twenty-eighth Street, $1.00. 
 
 Barrett House, West Forty-third Street and Broadway, $1.00. 
 
 Buckingham, Fifth Avenue, corner East Fiftieth Street, $1.00. 
 
 Continental, Twentieth Street and Broadway, $1.00. 
 
 Coleman House, 1168 Broadwa}', $1.00. 
 
 Cosmopolitan, West Broadway and Chambers Street, $1.00. 
 
 Everett House, Seventeenth Street and Fourth Avenue, $1.50. 
 
 Everett Hotel, 104 Vesey Street, 50 cents. 
 
 Gedney House, West Fortieth Street and Broadway, $1.00. 
 
 Gilsey House, Twenty-ninth Street and Broadway, $2.00. 
 
 Grand Union, Park Avenue and Forty-second Street, $1.00. 
 
 Hoffman House, 1111 Broadway, $2.00. 
 
 Hotel Bartholdi, Broadway and Twenty-third Street, $2.00. 
 
 Hotel de Logerot, 126 Fifth Avenue, $4.00— $5.00. 
 
 Hotel Imperial, Broadwa3'^ and Thirty-second Street, $2.00. 
 
 Hotel Devonshire, 30 East Forty-second Street, $1.00. 
 
 Hotel Lincoln, 1673 Broadway, $1.00. 
 
 Hotel Normandie, Thirty-eighth Street and Broadway, $2.00. 
 
 Hotel Martin, 17 University Place, $1.25. 
 
 Hotel Wellington, 19 East Forty-second Street, $1.00. 
 
 Hotel Winthrop, 31 West Fourth Street, $1.50. 
 
 Hotel Metropole, Forty-first Street and Broadway, $1.50. 
 
HOTELS. LOCATIONS AND RATES. Ill 
 
 Holland House, Fifth Avenue and Thirtieth Street, $2.50. 
 
 Hotel Kensington, 75 Fifth Avenue, $150. 
 
 Hotel St. George, 49 East Twelfth Street, $1.00. 
 
 Hotel St. Stephens, 52 East Eleventh Street, $1.00. 
 
 Leggett's Hotel, 76 Park Row, 75 cents. 
 
 Morton House, Broadway and Fourteenth Street, $1.00. 
 
 Metropolitan, 584 Broadway, $1.00. 
 
 Oriental Hotel, Thirty- ninth Street and Broadway, $1.00. 
 
 Putnam House, 369 Fourth Avenue, 50 cents. 
 
 Parker House, 1301 Broadway, $2.00. 
 
 Revere House, 606 Broadway, 50 cents. 
 
 St. James Hotel, 1133 Broadway, $2.00. 
 
 St. Denis Hotel, Eleventh Street and Broadway, $1.50. 
 
 Sinclair House, 752 Broadway, $1.00. 
 
 Sweeney's, 106 Park Row, 75 cents. 
 
 Tremont, 665 Broadway, $1.00. 
 
 Union Square Hotel, 18 Union Square, $1.00. 
 
 Those on the American Plan, that is, where the rate for the day include 
 "meals as well as the room. The prices named are the smallest that will cover 
 both : 
 
 Berkley, 20 Fifth Avenue, $4.00. 
 
 Cauda House, 17 Lafayette Place, $1.50. 
 
 Fifth Avenue, Fifth Avenue and Twenty-third Street, $5.00. 
 
 Hotel Bristol, Fifth Avenue and Forty-second Street, $6.00. 
 
 Hotel Lenox, 72 Fifth Avenue, $2.00. 
 
 Miller's Hotel, 37 West Twenty-sixth, $2.50. 
 
 San Marco, 21 West Thirty-second, $2.00. 
 
 Sherwood House, Fifth Avenue and Forty-fourth Street, $5.00. 
 
 Westminster, 119 East Sixteenth Street, $3.50. 
 
 Windsor, Fifth Avenue and Forty-sixth Street, $5.00. 
 The following list of hotels are on both the European and American plan : 
 
 Hotel Brunswick, Fifth Avenue and Twenty-sixth Street. 
 
 Hotel Marlborough, Broadway and Thirty-sixth Street. 
 
 Hotel Vendome, Broadway and Fortj'^-first Street. 
 
 Hotel Espanole Hispano- Americano, 116 West Fourteenth Street. 
 
 Hotel Hungaria, Fourteenth Street and Union Square. 
 
 Hotel St. Marc, Fifth Avenue and Thirty-ninth Street. 
 
 Hotel Waldorf, Fifth Avenue and Thirty-third Street. 
 
 Hotel Clarendon, Fourth Avenue and Eighteenth Street. 
 
 Belvedere, Eighteenth Street and Fourth Avenue. 
 
 Murray Hill Hotel, Forty-first Street and Park Avenue. 
 
 Park Avenue Hotel, Park Avenue and Thirty-second Street. 
 
 Plaza, Fifth Avenue and Fifty ninth Street. 
 
 The Gerlach, 55 West Twenty seventh Street. 
 
 Victoria, 4 West Twenty-seventh Street. 
 
 Sturtevant House, 1186 Broadway. 
 
142 HEALTH DEPARTMENT -HACK AND CAB REGULATIONS. 
 
 HEALTH DEPARTMENT. 
 
 '^I^HE Health Department Headquarters are situated in Mulberry Streets 
 (w) This department is manag-ed by four commissioners, and it is their 
 duty not only to look after the disease already begun, but to prevent its 
 further spreading. One of the commissioners is always an experienced 
 physician, and he has absolute authority in ordering- the quarantine of any 
 household where an infectious disease has taken effect, or whose inmates have 
 been exposed to contagion. This is one of the most important public depart- 
 ments of New York Cit3^ 
 
 HACK AND CAB REGULATIONS. 
 
 The price or rates of fare to be asked or demanded by the owners or 
 drivers of hackney coaches or cabs shall be as follows : 
 
 CABS. 
 
 1. For conveying one or more persons anj' distance, suras not exceeding 
 the following amount : Fifty cents for the first mile or part thereof ; and each 
 additional half mile or part thereof, twenty-five cents. By distance, for 
 " stops " of over five minutes and not exceeding fifteen minutes, twenty-five 
 cents. For longer stops, the rate will be twenty-five cents for every fifteen 
 minutes or fraction thereof, if more than five minutes. For a brief stop, not 
 exceeding five minutes in a single trip, there will be no charge. 
 
 2. For the use of a cab by the hour, with the privilege of going from 
 place to place and stopping as often and as long as may be required, one 
 dollar for the first hour or part thereof, and for each succeeding half hour or 
 part thereof, fifty cents. 
 
 COACHES. 
 
 3. For conveying one or more persons any distance, sums not exceeding 
 the following amounts : One dollar for the first mile or part thereof ; and each 
 additional half mile or part thereof, forty cents. B}^ distance for " stops " of 
 over five minutes and not exceeding fifteen minutes, thirty-eight cents. For 
 longer stops the rate will be thirt^^-eight cents for every fifteen minutes. For 
 a brief stop, not exceeding five minutes in a single trip, there will be no- 
 charge. 
 
 4. For the use of a coach by the hour, with privilege of going from place 
 to place and stopping as often and as long as may be required, one dollar and 
 fifty cents for the first hour or part thereof, and for each succeeding half hour 
 or part therof, seventy-five cents. 
 
 5. No cab or coach shall be driven by the time rate at a pace less than 
 five miles an hour. 
 
HACK AND CAB REGULATIONS. 143 
 
 6. From "line balls," one or two passengers to any point south of Fifty- 
 ninth Street, two dollars ; each additional passenger, fift^^ cents north of 
 Fifty-ninth Street, each additional mile shall be charged for at a rate not to 
 exceed fifty cents per mile. 
 
 7. Every owner or driver of any hackney coach or cab shall carry on his 
 coach or cab one piece of bag-gage, not to exceed fifty pounds in weight with- 
 out extra charge; but for any additional baggage he may carr}^, he shall be 
 entitled to extra compensation at the rate of twenty-five cents per piece. 
 
 Sec. 91. All disputes, as to prices or distance, shall be settled by the Ma3^or 
 or such other person as he may designate. 
 
 Sec. 92. In all cases where the hiring of a hackney coach or cab is not at 
 the time thereof specified to be by the hour, it shall be deemed to be by the 
 mile ; and for any detention exceeding fifteen minutes, when so working by 
 the mile, the owner or driver may demand at the rate of one dollar per hour. 
 
 Sec. 98. Each and every licensed hackney coach or cab shall be provided 
 with a suitable lamp on each side, and across the middle of the outside of each, 
 such lamp shall have a metal band not less than two inches in width, out 
 of which the number of the license shall have been cut after the manner of a 
 stencil plate, the component figures of such numbers to be not less than one 
 and one-half inches in height, and the style of the whole to be approved by 
 the Mayor, or the Mayor's Marshal, And each and every such coach or cab 
 shall also have the number of the license in raised metal figures not less than 
 one and one-half inches in height, or legibly engraved upon metal plate, 
 affixed to the inside of the coach or cab in such conspicuous place as mB,y be 
 designated by the Mayor or Mayor's Marshal. 
 
 Sec. 99. Each and ever^^ licensed hackney coach or cab, while waiting at 
 night for employment at any public stand, shall have its lamps lighted as 
 soon as it becomes dark, and thereafter kept trimmed and burning while at 
 such stand, and during employment. 
 
 Sec. 100. There shall be fixed in each hackney coach or cab, in such a 
 manner as can be conveniently read by any person riding in the same, a card 
 containing the name of the owner of said carriage, the number of his license, 
 and the whole of section 89 of this article, printed in plain legible characters, 
 under a penalty of revocation of license for violation thereof, said section to 
 be provided by the License Bureau in pamphlet or card form, and to be fur- 
 nished free to the owner of such hackney coach or cab. 
 
 It shall be the duty of the driver of every such hacknej* coach or cab, at 
 the commencement of his employment, to present the passenger employing 
 him with a printed card or slip containing, in case of cabs, subdivisions 1 and 
 2, and in case of coaches, subdivisions 3 and 4 of section 89 of tiiis article. 
 
 Sec. 105. Any person or persons who shall violate any or either of the 
 provisions of sections 98 to 105, both inclusive, of this article, shall be liable 
 to a penalty of ten dollars. 
 
 Complaints for violations of the above ordinances may be made at 
 the office of the Mayor's Marshal, Boom 1, City Hall. 
 
144 HACK AND CAB REGULATIONS.— LAW COURTS. 
 
 DISTANCES. 
 
 FROM SOUTH FERRY 
 
 To Wall Street | Mile. 
 
 To City Hall 1 " 
 
 To Canal Street 1^ " 
 
 To Houston Street 2 " 
 
 To Fourth Street 2i " 
 
 To Fourteenth Street 21 " 
 
 To Twenty-fourth Street 3^ " 
 
 To Thirty-seventh Street 4 " 
 
 To Forty second Street 4^ " 
 
 To Sixty-second Street 5^ '' 
 
 To Eighty-second Street 6^ " 
 
 To One Hundred and Second Street 7| " 
 
 To One Hundred and Twenty-second Street 8 " 
 
 EAST AND WEST, FROM BROADWAY 
 
 To East River, across Fourteenth Street 1 Mile. 
 
 To East River, across Twenty-third Street 1 " 
 
 To East River, across Thirty-fourth Street | " 
 
 To East River, across Forty-second Street 1 " 
 
 To East River, across Fift^^-ninth Street ]| " 
 
 To North River, across Fourteenth Street 1:^ " 
 
 To North River, across Twenty-third Street 1^ *' 
 
 To North River, across Thirty-fourth Street 1:^ " 
 
 To North River, across Forty -second Street 1 *' 
 
 To North River, across Fifty-ninth Street | ** 
 
 LAW COURTS. 
 
 These consist of 
 
 The Supreme Court of the State — County Court House. 
 
 The Superior Court — County Court House. 
 
 The Court of Common Pleas — County Court House. 
 
 The City Court— City Hall. 
 
 The Courts of 03'er and Terminer — 33 Chambers Street. 
 
 The General Sessions of the Peace — 32 Chambers Street. 
 
 The Special Sessions of the Peace — " The Tombs," Centre Street. 
 
 The District Courts — and 
 
 The Police Courts. 
 
 The Supreme Court has eminent jurisdiction over all things pertaining- to 
 the State of New York, and is composed of seven justices, elected for fourteen 
 years. 
 
 The Common Pleas and Superior Court have like powers over the city. 
 The justices are elected for fourteen years. 
 
 The City Court has limited jurisdiction, and its judges are elected for six 
 years. 
 
 A fine building for the Criminal Courts is on Centre Street, between 
 Franklin and White Streets. 
 
LEADING CLUBS. 145 
 
 LEADING CLUBS. 
 
 Club life in New York is comparativel3' of modern growth, but, like the 
 metropolis itself, is a very promising- infant. Of course, the fashion is copied 
 from London clubdom, which is the mother of all such institutions over the 
 world. 
 
 The offspring, however, is stalwart and prolific. Just as acclimated 
 fruits, animals and flowers grow larger and more generous in our rich soil, so 
 do our clubs bourgeon and bear fruit more quickly and in more luxuriance 
 here than elsewhere. 
 
 The Union Club is easily the first of such institutions in New York, and 
 has for the present its home in the sturdy old Knickerbocker mansion on the 
 corner of Twenty-first Street and Fifth Avenue. 
 
 The Union is the Carlton Club of America. It is the oldest, having been 
 established in 1836— half a century ago — a venerable age for New York. 
 There are about 1,500 members, among whom are to be found most of the 
 really important gentlemen of Manna-ha-ta, who point to the roll of the club 
 as German Freiherrn point to their quarterings and genealogies as evidence of 
 their nobility. The roll of the Union Club is, indeed, a " Roll of Honor." 
 
 So difficult is it to obtain admission to this exclusive club, that it is usual 
 for members to put up the names of their sons while still infants, in order that 
 their turn for election, or rejection, may come before they are grey-headed. 
 
 The Manhattan Club is the leading Democratic Association of New York, 
 and is domiciled in the marble palace erected by the millionaire, A. T. Stewart, 
 on the corner of Thirty-fourth Street west and Fifth Avenue. This club 
 was organized in 1868, and has a membership of 1,900. An exceptionally 
 good bill of fare is a leading feature. 
 
 The Union League is the principal club of the Republican party. It was 
 organized in 1863, and its list of members is about 1,700. The club-house is 
 on the corner of Fifth Avenue and Thirty-ninth Street. 
 
 New York Club. — A social club, next in point of age to the Union Club. 
 The New York Club is conservative, and has no public functions. Organized 
 1845 ; membership, about 850 ; i ouse, corner of Fifth Avenue and Thirty- 
 fifth Street. 
 
 The Players' Club. — An exclusive club of actors, theatrical managers, 
 and playwrights. Its objects are : " To bring the worthy ones of the theatrical 
 profession into frequent intercourse with gentlemen of other arts and callings 
 who love the stage and appreciate the value of the drama." The Players' 
 was founded by Edwin Booth, who liberally endowed it. Organized 1887 ; 
 membership, about 500 ; house. No. 16 Gramercy Park. 
 
 Church Club. — A social organization of baptized laymen of the Protestant 
 Episcopal Church. Organized 1887 ; membership, about 450 ; secretary's 
 oflfice, No. 4 Warren Street. 
 
 Clergy Club. — Membership restricted to clergymen of the Protestant 
 Episcopal Church. Organized 1888; membership, 150; house. No. 29 
 Lafayette Place. 
 
146 LEADING CLUBS. 
 
 Coaching' Club. — An org-anization designed to encourage " four-horse 
 driving " in America. Organized 1875 ; membership, 41. 
 
 Racquet and Tennis Club. — Generally known as the Racquet Club. It is 
 an outgrowth of a club formed several 3^ears ago for the encouragement and 
 development of the game of racquets, and has elaborate racquet and tennis 
 courts in its handsome new house, but is essentially a social club. Most of its 
 members are wealthy, and all move in excellent society. Under its direction 
 several amateur billiard tournaments have been held, and the winner of the 
 Racquet Club tournament is practically acknowledged as the champion 
 amateur bilhard player of the Eastern States — if not, indeed, of the United 
 States. 
 
 Calumet Club. — A purely social organization. Organized 1879 ; member- 
 ship, about 600 ; house, No. 267 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Catholic Club. — The leading social organization of members of the 
 Roman Catholic Church resident in New York City and vicinity. Organized 
 1871 ; membership, about 800 ; house. No. 120 West Fift^^-ninth Street. 
 
 Cercle Frangais de I'Harmonie. — The distinctively French social club of 
 New York City. Membership, about 400 ; house, No. 26 West Twenty- 
 fourth Street. 
 
 Colonial Club. — A social club which is one of the few clubs of standing- 
 which have set apart suites of rooms for the use of the wives and daughters of 
 members. Organized 1889 ; membership, about 700 ; house, corner of the 
 Boulevard and West Seventj^-second Street. 
 
 Deutscher Verein (German Club). — The most exclusive German social 
 club in the city. Only German-speaking people are eligible to membership. 
 Organized 1842; membership, about 250; house, No. 112 West Fifty-ninth 
 Street. 
 
 United Service Club. — A military and naval club composed of commis- 
 sioned officers and ex-officers of the United States Army, Navy, and National 
 Guard, and graduates of the United States Military and Naval Academies. 
 Organized 1889; membership, about 800; house, No. 16 West Thirty-first 
 Street. 
 
 University Club. — A social club restricted to those who have received 
 degrees from universities and colleges requiring a three years' residence and 
 study, recipients of honorary degrees and graduates of the United States 
 Military and Naval Academies. Organized 1865 ; membership, about 1,800 ; 
 house, corner of Madison Avenue and Twentj'-sixth Street. 
 
 Southern Society. — A social organization of natives and former residents 
 of the Southern States. Only those born in the South, direct descendants of 
 Southerners and residents of the South for at least twenty years prior to 
 1884, are eligible to membership. Organized 1886 ; membership, about 1,400 ; 
 house, Nos. 18-20 West Twenty-fifth Street. 
 
 St. George's Club. — A social club restricted to those of English birth or 
 descent. Organized 1891 ; membership, about 250 ; house, corner of Lexing- 
 ton Avenue and Twenty- seventh Street. 
 
 Century Club. — The literary club of New York City. It had its origin in a 
 sketching club of the olden time, and its membership includes most of the dis- 
 
LEADING CLUBS.— LIBRARIES. 147 
 
 tinguished artists, authors, journalists, and clergymen of the city and country. 
 Monthly art exhibitions are given in the club gallery during the season. 
 Organized 1847 ; membership, about 800 ; house, No. 7 West Forty-third 
 Street. 
 
 Grolier Club. — A club of bookmakers, book connoisseurs, and designers. 
 Its unique exhibitions of rare volumes, quaint bindings, illustrated manu- 
 scripts, etc., are notable fixtures of the literary life of the city. Organized 
 1884 ; membership, about 350 ; house. No. 29 East Thirty-second Street. 
 
 Kit-Kat Club. — Organized as a working club for artists. There are two 
 classes of membership — artists and lay members. Organized 1881 ; member- 
 ship, not stated ; rooms. No. CL Lexington Avenue. 
 
 Lotos Club. — Organized as a journalistic club, and now ranks as the lead- 
 ing social-literary club of the cit}^ Its ''Saturday Nights," art exhibitions, 
 and receptions have made it famous the world over. Organized 1870 ; mem- 
 bership, about 650 ; house, No. 149 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Press Club. — The distinctively journalistic social organization of New 
 York City and the largest press club in the United States. Organized 1872 ; 
 membership, 650 ; house. No. 120 Nassau Street. 
 
 NEW YORK LIBRARIES. 
 
 The library center of America has formed itself in New York, and some 
 of the most priceless volumes in existence are contained in this city — private 
 and public libraries. There are thirtj'-four public libraries in New york; 
 these include mercantile, law, apprentices, and medical libraries. The Astor 
 is the finest. One million dollars' worth of books are contained therein. 
 Here many visitors are found on all days when the reading room is thrown 
 open. This library contains some two hundred and fifty thousand volumes, 
 and some eighteen thousand pamphlets. A letter that will be of interest just 
 now is one from Christophoro Colon. It is said that this letter will be put in 
 the World's Fair Exhibition by the Trustees of the Astor Library. 
 
 Sylvester's Universal Paleography is a valuable book that many come 
 to this building to see ; also, Lloyds' History of Columbia, now called Wales. 
 This latter book is extant only in this one copy. 
 
 Here also is found the oldest polyglot edition of the Scriptures, that was 
 fifteen years in preparation and done by the order of Cardinal Ximenes. The 
 earliest edition of Ptolemy's Geographj^ and a Biblia Sacra Latina, dated 
 1462, and other curious and very valuable old books of the Astor Library. 
 This collection of volumes numbers some priceless Oriental works, and many 
 students from all parts of the world bear testimony to this. 
 
 The oldest manuscript to be found here is Lectiones Evangeliis ; this is 
 done on vellum, and is illuminated. It was made b^' the monks in A. D. 1470, 
 and its value is well nigh priceless. 
 
 The John Wycliff e edition of the New Testament ranks high among this 
 library's antique collection. 
 
 Persian manuscripts of the fifth century may be found here, and also rare 
 Siamese manuscripts. 
 
148 LIBRARIES.— MARKETS. 
 
 A copy of the papal edict against Martin Luther, 1520, will prove a delight 
 for those who visit this place. 
 
 The Lenox Library is next in value. This is not visited as much as the 
 Astor Librarj^, although the student will find much to repay him for making 
 not one, but many visits, to this treasure house. The Lenox Library has a 
 fine art gallery, and here the celebrated painting is seen, " Milton Dictating 
 Paradise Lost to His Daughters." 
 
 There are fifty thousand volumes on this library's shelves. Among them 
 is the celebrated Guttenburg Bible. Indeed, this is the finest Scriptural col- 
 lection in America, and also a complete collection of Milton's works, includ- 
 ing the works that Charles Rex ordered to be burned by the common 
 hangman. 
 
 A German Bible, dated 1466, a Latin Bible, 1476, the Greek Gospels, A.D. 
 1150, a Latin Bible of the fourteenth century done on vellum, and one some- 
 what similar of the thirteenth century, a first edition of Bun3'an's Pilgrim's 
 Progress, a 1433 edition of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, Dante's Divine 
 Comedy, dated 1472 — all these are among this ancient and valuable collection. 
 A cop3^ of the New World, published in 1516, must not be overlooked. A 
 Life of Christ, illustrated by Giulio Clovio, and later presented to Pope Paul 
 TIL, is contained in the Lenox Library, and highly valued as one of its most 
 priceless volumes. 
 
 There are two law libraries in the city ; one is located in the Post-Office 
 building ; it has about twenty-five thousand volumes. 
 
 The Mercantile Library embraces modern literature of a fight school, 
 although much good reading is to be found here. 
 
 The Cooper Union Library contains some twenty thousand volumes. 
 Here crowds can be seen daily. This building has been rebuilt and improved 
 by the good Peter Cooper, the philanthropist, of whom New York is justl}' 
 proud. This library does not embrace many ancient volumes, but is a useful, 
 practical and serviceable library — one selected to give the most help to the 
 average student of to-day. 
 
 The finest New York medical librarj^ is in the New York Hospital. 
 
 The Directory Library, to be found on the corner of Eighth Street and 
 University Place. These volumes number only five hundred, and contain 
 the names of people all over the country. Anyone wishing to get the address 
 of people in other cities may filnd what they want here. 
 
 The Apprentices' Library has over sixty thousand volumes ; it is 
 patronized chiefly by the working class. 
 
 MARKETS. 
 
 The largest New York market is 
 
 Washington Market. — West Washington Market is situated at the foot 
 of West Twelfth Street. Just east of West Washington Market is Ganse- 
 voort Market, where the farmers sell from wagons. The wholesale oyster 
 market is near West Washington Market, and it is a novel sight to see the 
 fishermen dispose of their spoils. 
 
MARKETS.— MESSENGER SERVICE. 149 
 
 Fulton Market is between Fulton, Beekman, Front and South Streets, 
 and covers a square. Fulton Fish Market, just opposite, is celebrated. 
 There is a restaurant in Fulton Market where the faint shopper can have fish 
 cooked to the Queen's taste. The g-reatest fish market in the world is to be 
 found at the Fulton Market. — Fish caug-ht in foreign ports are shown here. 
 The April brook trout exhibition, that occurs yearl}-^ under the superintendence 
 of ex-Fish Commissioner Blackford, is well worth going" to see. Not onh' edible 
 fish are obtained here, but aquariums of odd living- fish are on exhibition, 
 and also enormous and rare turtles. 
 
 Clinton Market is at Canal and West Streets. 
 
 Tompkins Market, in Third Avenue, between Sixth and Seventh Streets. 
 
 Catherine Market is on the East River at the foot of Catherine Street. 
 
 Central Market is on East Forty-second Street. 
 
 Centre Market is on Centre Street, between Grand and Broome Streets. 
 
 Essex Market is in Essex Street, corner of Grand. 
 
 Columbus is at One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Street. 
 
 Jefferson Market is on Sixth Avenue, corner of Greenwich Street, and 
 Union Market is on Avenue D, between Second and Houston Streets. 
 
 Paddy's Market is certainlj'^ an amusing and novel sight. This market 
 consists of rows of venders' carts pulled up on Ninth Avenue, between 
 Twenty-eighth and Thirty-fourth Streets. Here the poorest classes buj'^, and 
 bargain keenly in doing so. 
 
 MESSENGER SERVICE. 
 
 The Messenger Service in New York is not only the promptest in any 
 city, but there are more offices than elsewhere. Anj^ station, hotel, or 
 restaurant contain messenger calls that will be answered by night, as 
 well as in the day. The headquarters of the American District Telegraph 
 Company is at 8 Dey Street, but its branch offices can be found in every part 
 of the city. The police call, or fire alarm, may be rung from these boxes, as 
 well as the call for a messenger boy. Every messenger call has a printed 
 card that is tacked on the wall beside it, explaining the several calls. The 
 tariff for messenger service is 30 cents an hour. It is well to obtain a tariflF 
 book that is issued by the company to prevent overcharge. 
 
 Appended is a list of messenger offices : 398 East Tenth Street, 985 
 Eighth Avenue, 821 Sixth Avenue, 666 Sixth Avenue, 990 Sixth Avenue, 497 
 Third Avenue, 844 Third Avenue, 2097 Third Avenue, 1369 Third Avenue, 
 1059 Third Avenue, Forty-fifth Street and First Avenue, 539 Fifth Avenue, 
 397 Fifth Avenue, 344 Third Avenue, 110 West Fourteenth Street, 225 Church 
 Street, 316 Greenwich Street, 195 Broadway, 120 Broadway, 10 Wall Street, 
 Grand Central Depot, 270 West Twenty-third Street, 281 Broadway, 599 
 Broadway, 854 Broadway, 1140 Broadway, 1227 Broadwaj^, 201 East Four- 
 teenth Street, 270 West Twenty- third Street, 270 West Thirty- fourth Street, 
 8 West Twent3'--third Street, Eighth Street and University Place, 407 Broad- 
 way, 142 West Street, 251 Church Street, 444 Broome Street, 32 Desbrosses 
 Street, 151 Church Street, 134 Pearl Street, 9 New Street, 120 Front Street, 
 68 Fulton Street, Cotton Exchange, 233 Grand Street, Gansevoort Market, 
 
150 NATIONAL GUARD.— NEWSPAPERS. 
 
 251 Columbus Avenue, 386 West Street, 763 Madison Avenue, 985 Madison 
 Avenue, 644 Columbus Avenue, 453 Columbus Avenue, 1616 Third Avenue, 
 268 West One Hundred and Sixteenth Street, 134 East One Hundred and 
 Twenty-fifth Street, 53 West One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street, 2300 
 Seventh Avenue, 264 West One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street, 2300 
 Seventh Avenue. 
 
 NATIONAL GUARD. 
 
 New Yorkers have a great pride in the National Guard, which has 
 proved of great use. Under almost perfect discipline, it has been called 
 out in time of riots, and the service done has been admirable. Five thous- 
 and five hundred of the Guard are in New York City. 
 
 The Seventh Regiment Armory is on the corner of Park Avenue and 
 East Sixty-seventh Street. 
 
 The Eighth Regiment, corner of Park Avenue and East Ninety-fourth 
 Street. 
 
 The Ninth Regiment, 221 West Twenty-sixth Street. 
 
 Twelfth Regiment, Columbus Avenue and West Sixty-second Street. 
 
 Twenty- second Regiment, Sixty-eighth Street and Boulevard. 
 
 Sixty-ninth Regiment, Third Avenue and Seventh Street. 
 
 Seventy- first Regiment, One Hundred and Seventh Street and Lexington 
 Avenue. 
 
 First Battery, 340 West Forty-fourth Street. 
 
 Second Battery, 810 Seventh Avenue. 
 
 Troop A, 136 West Fifty-sixth Street. 
 
 Signal and Telegraph Corps, 132 West Fifty-sixth Street. 
 
 The Seventh Regiment has the finest armory in the city. It is well worth 
 the tourist's attention, and no traveler should leave New York without going 
 through it. 
 
 The Seventh Regiment is probably the best drilled military corps in the 
 countrj'^, if not in the world, and is closely followed by the Twenty-second, and 
 also by the Brooklyn Twenty-third and Thirteenth. The difference, however, 
 is evident to military eyes only. To the ordinary observer our National Guard 
 is as near perfection of drill and soldierly bearing as citizen- soldiers can well 
 attain to. 
 
 NEWSPAPERS. 
 
 The most prominent newspapers in New York City are : The New York 
 Herald, the World, the Sun, the Tribune, the Times, the Mail and Express, the 
 Recorder, the Morning Journal, the Press, the Daily News and the Post. 
 
 There are in all fifty-six newspapers in New York. Papers in German, 
 Hebrew, French, Finnish, Danish, Polish, Italian, Russian, Bohemian, and 
 Portuguese languages are published. 
 
 All the celebrated newspaper offices are on Broadway and Park Row. 
 
 The cable news is first received in New York ; in fact, for news, the 
 Gotham papers lead the world . 
 
NEWSPAPERS.— POLICE DEPARTMENT. 151 
 
 The New York Herald, founded by the elder Bennett, is a practical illus- 
 tration of how an absent editor can still publish a remarkable and famous 
 sheet. It is known of Mr. James Gordon Bennett that, no matter in what 
 country he may be, every important part of his Herald is cabled to him daily. 
 Mr. Bennett is not often in America, and then only for a day or so, to give 
 the Herald what its staff calls ''a shaking- up." 
 
 For absolute integrity of purpose the Herald is to be commended. It 
 cannot be bribed. 
 
 The World is a popular sheet, the magazine of the poor man. Its Sunday 
 edition contains all sorts of literature, from children's stories to novels, and 
 from politics to sermons. The World publishes an evening edition also. 
 
 The Tribune is an old paper, taken by a certain class whose names have 
 been on its subscription books for many years. It is an honest sheet, and its 
 editorials are clean, well written, and able. 
 
 The Sun embraces a peculiar line of literature. Its Sunday edition covers 
 the magazine field. The astronomical articles in the Sunday numbers are 
 valuable reading. The literature is of a good, high tone, and the poetry well 
 chosen. In fact, graceful fiction and scientific fact go hand-in-hand in this 
 publication. 
 
 The Morning Journal appeals to the working folk. Its stories are of an 
 easy and imaginative sort, and its style rather sensational. 
 
 The Recorder is a new-comer when compared to the time when the above- 
 mentioned papers have been published in New York. It exhibits energ}^ and 
 wonderful advertising capacity. Its reform projects are all in useful 
 directions. 
 
 The Morning Advertiser has a high standing, and is ranked fair in its 
 policy. In fact, in no city of America is the daily news put in such attractive 
 form as to make it readable as in New York City. All other newspapers in 
 this country seem provincial when compared to the great dailies of this 
 metropolis. 
 
 POLICE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The Police Department is under the Superintendence of four commis- 
 sioners, who receive salaries of $5,000 per year, and their appointments 
 extend over a period of six years. 
 
 Besides these commissioners there are three inspectors, a chief inspector, 
 a superintendent, thirty-six captains, forty detective sergeants, 144 sergeants, 
 and 3,700 patrolmen. 
 
 The Police Commissioners appoint the Inspectors of Election, Ballot 
 Clerks, and Poll Clerks. 
 
 Police Headquarters will be found at No. 300 Mulberry Street. 
 
 Police Station in Precinct No. 1 is Old Slip, near Front Street ; No. 2, 
 corner of Liberty and Church Streets ; No. 3, City Hall ; No. 4, 9 Oak 
 Street; No. 5, 19 Leonard Street; No. 6, 19 Elizabeth Street; No. 7, 247 
 Madison Street; No. 8, Prince Street, corner Wooster ; No. 9, 94 Charles 
 Street; No. 10,205 Mulberry Street ; No. 11, 105 Eldridge Street; No. 12, 
 Attorney and Delancey Streets ; No. 13, Union Market; No. 14, First Avenue 
 
152 POLICE DEPARTMENT.— POSTAL INFORMATION. 
 
 and Fifth Street ; No. 15, 221 Mercer Street; No. 16, 230 West Twentieth 
 Street ; No. 17, 34 East Twenty-ninth Street ; No. 18, 327 East Twenty second 
 Street; No. 19, 137 West Thirtieth Street ; No. 20, 434 West Thirty-seventh 
 Street; No. 21, 160 East Thirty-fifth Street ; No. 22, 347 West Forty-seventh 
 Street; No. 23, 163 East Fift^^-first Street; No. 23 (sub-precinct, Grand 
 Central Depot) ; No. 24, West Sixty-eighth Street and Boulevard ; No. 25, 
 
 153 East Sixty-seventh Street; No. 26, 134 West One Hundredth Street; No. 
 27, 432 East Eighty-eighth Street; No. 2S, Pier A, North River ; No. 29, East 
 One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Street, near Lexington Avenue ; No. 30, 
 West One Hundred and Twent}^- fifth Street, near Ninth Avenue; No. 31, 
 High Bridge ; No. 32, Tenth Avenue and One Hundred and Fifty second Street ; 
 No. 33, Morrisania Town Hall ; No. 34, Tremont ; No. 35, Kingsbridge ; No. 
 36, Steamboat Patrol. 
 
 POSTAL INFORMATION. 
 
 Postal notes are bought by paying a commission of 3 cents for any sum 
 from 1 cent to $4.99. Money orders have the full directions for their use 
 printed on one side, with blank left that the sender must fill out. If one is 
 the recipient of one of these orders, they must be identified after signing. 
 
 A tariff of 5 cents is charged for a domestic money order not exceeding 
 $5 ; over $5 and not exceeding $10, the tariff is 8 cents ; a tariff of 10 cents 
 is charged for $15, etc., etc., on this scale. The limit of each order is $100. 
 
 For any money to be sent outside of America international money orders 
 are given. For these the rates are 10 cents for $10; over $10 and under $30 
 or $30, 20 cents, etc., etc. International money orders are payable any time 
 within one year of the date of issue. 
 
 The rate on all letters sent to any part of the United States or Canada is 
 2 cents an ounce. 
 
 All sealed parcels sent b^' post are charged full letter rates, unless left 
 partly open for examination. 
 
 For registered letters the fee is 10 cents in stamps. 
 
 Newspapers, magazmes and periodicals are ranked as second class mat- 
 ter, and when mailed by any but the publisher or agent, is 1 cent for each 
 four ounces. 
 
 Third class matter includes books, cards, photographs, engravings, litho- 
 graphs, printed post cards mailed by the quantity, etc., etc. These must be 
 arranged so that the postmaster can easily see the contents of packages. 
 Rate, one cent for each two ounces. 
 
 The fourth-class matter admits of no printing or letter-heads, playing 
 cards, pencil or ink drawings, unprinted postal cards ; roots and samples, etc., 
 are included in this class, but the weight of no package must be over four 
 pounds. The charge for this is one cent for each ounce. 
 
 In order to register a parcel, a fee of 10 cents is necessary. 
 
RACES. 153 
 
 RACES. 
 
 The four principal race tracks near town are Morris Park track, Sheeps- 
 head Bay track, Gravesend track, and the Brighton track. 
 
 Seats on the grand stand at any of these racing stands are $1.50. 
 
 The admission fee alone is $1.00. 
 
 New Jersev has tracks at Monmouth Park, at Linden, Clifton, Elizabeth, 
 and Guttenberg. The Linden track is best reached from New York City by 
 the Pennsylvania Railroad, by way of the Cortlandt Street Ferry. 
 
 The Elizabeth track is soonest reached by the Central Railroad of New 
 Jersey. 
 
 Clifton track is reached by the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western 
 Railroad. 
 
 Guttenburg may be reached by taking the Christopher Street Ferry to 
 Hoboken, and from thence by the horse cars, or by Jay and Forty-second 
 Street Ferries to Weehawken, and thence by the Hudson County Railroad. 
 
 The races at Morris Park, Monmouth Park, Gravesend and Sheepshead 
 Bay, are under the rules of the Board of Control. This is done to remedy 
 many dishonest evils of the turf. The great stake races are over these 
 tracks. The racing season really commences on the day when the Brooklyn 
 handicap is run. The spring meeting at Gravesend lasts fifteen days. The 
 Gravesend track is very easily reached from New York City. 
 
 The New York Jockey Club holds their next meeting, which occurs at 
 Morris Park, and lasts fifteen days ; here the great Eclipse stake is decided^ 
 worth $40,000. 
 
 The Morris Park track is an exceptionally fine one. Morris Park is 
 reached by taking the Second Avenue Elevated to Harlem River, and from 
 thence the Harlem River branch of the New York, New Haven and Hudson 
 River Railroad to Van Nest ; or one may take the Third Avenue Elevated 
 Railroad, and continue on its suburban line, which reaches Van Nest. 
 
 The next important racing is at Sheepshead Bay; here the great Su- 
 burban handicap is run. The spring meeting at Sheepshead Bay lasts fifteen 
 days. During this time the three big races — the Brooklyn handicap. Su- 
 burban handicap, and the Futurity, are decided. 
 
 Sheepshead track is reached by way of the Thirty-fourth Street station 
 of the Long Island Railroad, and the Atlantic Avenue station of the Man- 
 hattan Beach road, and the Bedford station of the Brighton Beach road. 
 
 The Monmouth Park thirty days' summer racing are next in order, and 
 also the Brighton Beach races that last for thirty days. The Monmouth Park 
 and Brighton Beach races alternate, each one occurring on every other day. 
 The Monmouth Park track is only second to the Morris Park. 
 
 Sheepshead Bay is next in the races, and the Futurity stakes are the first 
 attraction. After the fall meeting at Sheepshead Bay a fifteen days' meeting 
 is held at Gravesend, and later a fall meeting at Morris Park. 
 
 To all lovers of racing, New York and its immediate suburbs offer the 
 finest inducements. 
 
154 RESTAURANTS. 
 
 RESTAURANTS. 
 
 The finest restaurants, of the most varied sorts, are to be found in New 
 York City 
 
 Foreigners from almost every part of the globe can enjoy their native 
 cooking in places adjoining the colons', inhabited by their countrymen. As 
 the Italians dwell near and in Mulberry Street, just so sure may plenty of 
 cheap Italian restaurants be found in that location. There are, of course, 
 better Italian cafes further uptown. 
 
 East Indian cooking, Chinese restaurants adjoining the Chinese quarter, 
 Mott Street, and Spanish about East Fifteenth Street, are plentiful. Looking 
 again to the lower part of the city, French cafes, German cafes, Swiss eating 
 places, restaurants for down South colored folk, Hungarian cooking, Austrian 
 eating houses, and, in fact, dishes to suit every palate on earth, may be found 
 in New York City, a much more varied assortment than can be had in London, 
 although all races of the earth gather there ; when one is in London, one must 
 eat as Londoners do ; but when one is in New York, one may eat exactly as 
 one does in one's own country. English chop houses stand high in popular 
 favor, and the number increases monthly. 
 
 Of course, the whole traveled world knows that Delmonico's restaurant 
 is the most celebrated in New York. The pathetic story of an elder Delmonico 
 having, in a mood of mental despondency, wandered off and died of hunger, is 
 a satire of fate — a strange illustration of the unexpected way destiny takes to 
 mark her victims. Some of the most noted jokes from some of the merriest 
 wits have been uttered at the Delmonico board. 
 
 Here the man who has speculated, not wisely but too well, dines on his 
 last few dollars ; while, sitting within a few feet of him is a man many times a 
 millionaire. Here old friends and old enemies, if they belong to the worldly 
 world, must invariably meet. 
 
 Any one who brings a scandal, causes a disturbance, or in any other way 
 makes their presence objectionable in the Delmonico restaurant, is got rid of 
 in rather an odd manner. The offending person may sit for hours, and give 
 their order many times; they are politely answered, but are not served. 
 After a time the hint is taken, and the objectionable guest never appears 
 again. 
 
 Although this famous cafe still bears the name, no Delmonico is actively 
 connected with its present management. 
 
 And now let a word be said in favor of the chef who for so many years 
 served well and faithfully this restaurant — Phillipini. All the most famous 
 dinners, luncheons, and suppers he has served are reproduced in his late 
 cookery book, and therein one may find the secret of man}^ an odd and tasty 
 dish they have eaten to their satisfaction in this Broadway house. 
 
 The Brunswick gives excellent service at a reasonable price, if one goes 
 at the right hour. 
 
 The Hotel Martin cafe has been spoken of before ; to lovers of French 
 cooking it is entirely satisfactory. Some of the best New York cafes are 
 
RESTAURANTS.— ROUTES OF TRAVEL. 155 
 
 Delmonico's, 2 South William Street ; 22 Broad Street ; 212 Fifth 
 Avenue, corner of Twenty-sixth Street. 
 
 St. Denis Hotel Cafe, Broadway and Eleventh Street. 
 
 Sutherland's, 64 Liberty Street. 
 
 Cafe Martin, 17 University Place. 
 
 Metropolitan Hotel, 584 Broadway. 
 
 Pursell's, Twentieth Street and Broadway. 
 
 Hungaria, Union Square and Fourteenth Street. 
 
 Cable's, Pine Street and Broadway. 
 
 Dorlon's, 108 East Twenty-third Street. 
 
 Clark's, 22 West Twenty-third Street. 
 
 Caf6 Savarin, 120 Broadway. 
 
 Vienna Bakery, Tenth Street and Broadway. 
 
 Among" the French cafes are : 
 
 Delisle's, 32 Fulton Street. 
 
 Moquin's, 149 Fulton Street. 
 
 A table d' bote dinner, served in Italian style, can be had at 
 
 Morello's, 4 West Twent^^-ninth Street. 
 
 Martinelli's, 136 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Moretti's, Twenty-first Street, near Broadway. 
 
 Lantelme, 40 Union Square. 
 
 Smith and McNeil's, 198 Greenwich Street and 199 Washing-ton Street, 
 and Nash & Brush's, 18 Park Place, are g-ood down-town places for luncheons. 
 
 ROUTES OF TRAVEL. 
 
 To the traveler coming to or passing through to leave New York, a g-reat 
 many railroads hold out special inducements. In fact, in no other country is 
 traveling made in such comfort and even luxury. The only railroads that 
 come directly into New York City come via the Forty-second Street Depot. 
 These roads are the New York Central and Hudson River, which is one of 
 the most comfortable and picturesque in the world ; the Harlem and New 
 York, and New Haven and Hartford. 
 
 Any person wishing" to travel by railroad lines other than these must 
 make use of the ferries in coming" to or leaving" New York. 
 
 The stations containing the waiting" rooms for passengers are all that can 
 be desired. Teleg"rams may be sent therefrom ; books, papers, mag'azines 
 are found on the stands ; restaurants are usually in the buildings, and flower 
 stands go towards forming a picturesque and comfortable interior. Check 
 rooms for the safe keeping of baggage, letter boxes and fruit stands, are also 
 connected with every station for the use of railroad passeng"ers. All the 
 depots lying on the New Jersey side of the ferries are within a few feet of the 
 ferry landing, so to the traveler hampered with heavy luggag"e, the task of 
 making" this double trip is far from heavy. Cabs are allowed to cross the 
 ferries with their passengers therein, although they are generally dismissed 
 at the New York side of the ferry, as nothing is gained by taking them 
 across, save when one is weighted down with parcels or too heavy luggage. 
 
156 ROUTES OF TRAVEL. 
 
 The principal railroads leading- into New York are : 
 
 The New York Central and Hudson Rtver.— This arrives in town at 
 the Grand Central Depot on Fortj^-second Street and Fourth Avenue, also at 
 Thirtieth Street and Tenth Avenue. This being- the Hudson River route, 
 connects with Albany, Rochester, Buffalo, Niagara Falls, Montreal, Detroit, 
 and with Western towns straight through to Chicago. 
 
 New Jersey and New York. — This line, via the Erie Route, goes to the 
 suburban places in New Jersey. 
 
 Pennsylvania. — The depot is reached by ferry from the foot of Cort- 
 landt or Desbrosses Streets. This rokd touches such points as Baltimore, 
 Philadelphia, Trenton, and other New Jersey towns and Western points, con- 
 tinuing on to Chicago. The Limited of this line, running directly from Chi- 
 cago to New York, is celebrated. 
 
 New York, Lake Erie and Western has its depot in Jersey City. This 
 can be reached by the ferry from the foot of West Twenty-third Street and 
 Chambers Street. The road touches Buffalo, Rochester, Detroit, Niagara 
 Falls, Toledo, Watkins Glen, etc., and connects with Western points. 
 
 MONTCLAIR and Greenwood Lake, vla the Erie Route, runs to Watchung, 
 Greenwood Lake, Montclair and way stations. 
 
 New York and Greenwood Lake, via Erie, goes to Greenwood Lake 
 and way stations in New Jersey. 
 
 New Jersey Southern has a depot at Sandy Hook, which is reached from 
 New York by boats starting from Pier 8, North River, at the foot of Rector 
 Street. This goes to all New Jersey seaside resorts. 
 
 Long Island Railroad Depot is at Long- Island City. May be reached 
 from New York by the ferry at the foot of East Thirty-fourth Street and 
 James SUp. This line g-oes to Manhattan Beach, Jamaica, Flushing, Babylon, 
 Sag Harbor, Garden City, and other points on Long Island. 
 
 Culver Route Depot is in Brooklyn at Fifth Avenue and Thirty-ninth. 
 Street. From New York will be reached by ferry at foot of Whitehall Street. 
 It goes to Coney Island and its near resorts. 
 
 Morris and Essex, via Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Route. It 
 goes to Orange, Summit, Morristown, Newark, etc. 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio Depot is at Communipaw, N. J. It can be reached 
 from New York City by ferry at foot of Liberty Street. It runs to Phila- 
 delphia, Washington, Pittsburg, Baltimore, and Western cities, going through 
 to Chicago. 
 
 Delaware, Lackawanna and Western. — This depot is in Hoboken, 
 and is to be reached from New York by ferries from Barclay or Christopher 
 Streets. The line runs to Paterson, Lake Hopatcong, Richfield Springs, Syra- 
 cuse, Buffalo, Utica, Scranton, etc., and connects with Western lines. 
 
 New York and Rockaway Beach. — The depot is at Long Island City, 
 at the Long Island Railroad Station. From New York one must take the 
 ferry at foot of East Thirty-fourth Street or James Slip. This line runs to 
 Rockaway Beach, Manhattan Beach, Coney Island, and Long Beach. 
 
 New York, New Haven and Hartford. — This line leaves from Grand 
 Central Depot, Forty-second Street and Fourth Avenue. It passes through 
 
ROUTES OF TRAVEL. 157 
 
 Bridgeport, New Haven, Boston, Spring-field, Hartford, etc., and connects 
 with branches for Connecticut, New Hampshire and Vermont cities. 
 
 Harlem Branch. — This runs to New Rochelle from the north side of 
 Harlem River. Depot is near Third Avenue drawbridge. 
 
 New York and Sea Beach.— This depot is at Bay Ridge, and reached 
 from New York by ferry from foot of Whitehall Street. It goes to Coney 
 Island, etc. 
 
 Ontario and Western.— This goes from the Weehawken Railroad 
 Depot, N. J. From New York the ferry must be taken at foot of Forty- 
 second or Franklin Streets. This route passes Utica, Oswego, Niagara Falls, 
 Buffalo, Thousand Islands, etc., and connects with Western lines. 
 
 Nev^ York, Susquehanna and Western. — Leaves from Pennsylvania 
 Railroad Depot at Jersey City, and from New York by ferry at foot of 
 Desbrosses or Cortlandt Streets. It runs to points in Northern and Eastern 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 Northern of Jersey, via Erie. — Runs to Englewood, Nyack, Sparkhill, 
 and way stations. 
 
 Reading Railroad System. — Central Railroad of New Jersey has its 
 depot at Communipaw, Jersey City. It is reached from New York bj^ ferry 
 at foot of Liberty Street. It goes to Newark, Elizabeth, Plainfield, Bound 
 Brook, Trenton, Philadelphia, and Pennsylvania coal regions. 
 
 Newark and New York. — This is a branch of the New Jersey Central. 
 It goes to Newark and way stations. 
 
 New York and Long Branch has its depots at Communipaw and Exchange 
 Place, in Jersey Cit3^ The ferry from New York must be taken at foot of 
 Liberty, Desbrosses or Cortlandt Streets. This line goes to New Jersey 
 seaside places. 
 
 The Lehigh Valley Depot, at Pennsylvania Railroad, Jersey City. Ferry 
 taken at Cortlandt or Desbrosses Street. Road goes to Easton, Philadelphia, 
 Baltimore, Washington, etc., connecting with North, West and Southern 
 Railroads. 
 
 Philadelphia and Reading. — Depot Central R. R. of New Jersey. 
 Perry from New York is taken at the foot of Liberty Street. 
 
 Staten Island Rapid Transit. — Depot, St. George, S. I. Ferry from 
 New York is at the foot of Whitehall Street. Goes to all points on Staten 
 Island. 
 
 West Shore and Buffalo. — Leaves from Weehawken Railroad Depot, 
 N. J. Ferry from New York leaves from foot of Forty-second or Franklin 
 Streets. Goes to all points on the west shore of the Hudson River, such as 
 Newburg, West Point, Albany, Oswego, Buffalo, Niagara Falls, etc., and 
 connects with Western lines. 
 
 New York and Harlem.— From Grand Central Depot, for White 
 Plains, Berkshire Hills, and Chatham, where it connects with the Boston 
 and Albany line. 
 
158 SOCIETIES. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 The Ancient Order of Free and Accepted Masons is, beyond doubt, the 
 most interesting- and powerful body in the city. 
 
 Bound by the " mystic tie," and b^^ a vow of secrecy which has never 
 been broken, this brotherhood extends a subtle influence, leads with an invis- 
 ible ''cable tow "a mass of the intelligence and respectability of the com- 
 munity. 
 
 Born of the antique astro-theological mysteries of Elensis and the Orphic 
 games, which, again, were emanations from the ceremonies of the Chaldean 
 Magi, which themselves were offshoots of the Aryan native worship, the 
 Masonic mystery became the secret repository in which the true significance 
 of things was kept from the ken of the barbarians during the era of mental 
 darkness known as ''The Middle Ages," when knowledge was crime and 
 death the penalty thereof. 
 
 At present, however, when thought is to a certain extent free, and the 
 cultured world has attained to the secrets hidden of old in the mystic cere- 
 monies and buried in symbols, the order has merged into a g-rand benefit 
 society and a fraternal union, still, however, keeping up its mystical color. 
 
 The chief temple of the order is in Twenty-third Street, corner Sixth 
 Avenue, designed by Le Brun, and sentineled by the columns Jachin and 
 Boaz (Strengh and Beauty), which are, occultly, the main supports of Solo- 
 man's Temple, otherwise the Arch of the Firmament, " Not builded by hands, 
 eternal in the heavens." 
 
 In addition to this time honored organization are : 
 
 American Bible Society. — For the circulation of the Bible without note or 
 comment, occupying- the block bounded by Third and Fourth Avenues, Astor 
 Place and East Ninth Street. 
 
 American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.— Fourth 
 Avenue and Twenty-second Street. 
 
 Bar Association of the City of New York. — Founded to " maintain the 
 honor and dignity of the profession of law, cultivate social relations among- 
 its members, and increase its usefulness in promoting the due administration 
 of justice." The association occupies No. 7 West Twenty-ninth Street, and 
 the most prominent lawyers of New York City are members. Organized 1870. 
 
 Gaelic Society. — Whose purposes are " the study and cultivation of the 
 Irish language, music, literature, history, archaeology customs and folk-lore 
 of Ireland, and the furtherance of the interests of the Gael." The society 
 has quarters at No. 17 West Twenty-eighth Street. 
 
 Holland Society. — Of those who trace their genealogy to emigrants from 
 Holland prior to 1G75. 
 
 The Central Labor Union meets in Clarendon Hall in East Thirteenth 
 Street, near Fourth Avenue ; the Central Labor Federation at No, 385 
 Bowery. 
 
 New England Society.— Founded May 6, 1805, with a view to keeping 
 alive the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers, to render assistance to members 
 when required, and to promote social intercourse. It has 1,300 members. 
 
SOCIETIES. 159 
 
 New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children.— Elbridge 
 T. Gerry is president, and its office is at No. 106 East Twenty-third Street. 
 
 New York Society for the Suppression of Vice. — The society's office is in 
 the New York Times Building-, No. 41 Park Row. 
 
 Oratorio Societ3^ — Organized in 1873 by the late Dr. Damrosch, to encour- 
 age classical music. A series of concerts is given each year. Headquarters, 
 No. 30 East Fourteenth Street. 
 
 Philharmonic Society. — The oldest and most important musical organiza- 
 tion in the city. The object of the society is the cultivation of instrumental 
 music, and its 100 active members are all professional musicians. The society 
 gives a series of six concerts on Saturday evenings each year, and a series of 
 six public rehearsals on the preceding Friday afternoons. Organized 1842 ; 
 headquarters. No. 923 Park Avenue. 
 
 Society for the Prevention of Crime. — The Rev. Dr. Charles H. Park- 
 hurst, president. Office, No. 913 Broadway. 
 
 Societ}' of Mechanics and Tradesmen. — Dating back to 1785. It has a 
 free circulating library, known as the Apprentices' Librarj', and an evening 
 school for the instruction of young men and women in typewriting, sten- 
 ography, mechanical or free hand drawing, twelve scholarships in the New 
 York Trade Schools, and other philanthropic features. No. 18 East Sixteenth 
 Street. 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association. — Numbers 8,000 members. Organ- 
 ized 1852. 
 
 Young Women's Christian Association, — Offers free instruction in type- 
 writing, stenography, book-keeping, sewing, music, drawing, photography, 
 an employment bureau, safe and economical boarding-houses, a free reading 
 room, a circulating library, physical culture, readings, concerts, and other 
 entertainments. 
 
 LEARNED AND SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES. 
 
 American Geographical Society. — Has 1,500 members, owns the building 
 at No. 11 West Twenty-ninth Street, a library of 14,000 volumes, and a col- 
 lection of 8,000 maps and charts. Organized 1852. 
 
 American Institute. — For the encouragement of domestic industr3^ The 
 meetings are public. The feature of the Institute is its annual fair held in the 
 fall at the Institute Building, Third Avenue and Sixty-third Street. The In- 
 stitute has a library of about 14,000 volumes at its headquarters. No. 115 
 West Thirty-eighth Street. 
 
 American Microscopical Society.— No. 12 East Twenty-second Street. 
 
 Archeeological Institute. — Holds meetings at Columbia College. 
 
 New York Academy of Medicine. — No. 17 West Forty-third Street ; has 
 a library of 20,000 volumes, open to the public. It was organized in 1847. 
 
 New York Academy of Science. — Weekly meetings are held at Columbia 
 College from October 1 to May 1, and two publications, " The Annals," and 
 "The Transactions," are issued by the Academy. The Academy's meetings 
 are open to the public. Cards of admission for the popular lectures maj^ be 
 obtained from any member. 
 
160 SOCIETIES.— SPORTS. 
 
 New York Historical Society. — Occupies a large fireproof structure at 
 No. 170 Second Avenue, but has recently purchased a site for a new building 
 at Eig-hth Avenue and Seventy-sixth Street. 
 
 These are the principal org-anizations, but there are manj^ others equally 
 useful, although not quite so prominent. 
 
 SPORTS. 
 
 Athletic sports in New York are fast becoming- a great feature ; through 
 the medium of athletic clubs these amusements are put on a high plane. 
 
 The Manhattan Athletic Club, the New York Athletic Club, and the Y. 
 M. C. A. athletic gymnasiums have done much to further the progress of all 
 high class athletic sports in New York City. Bicycle lovers can be met in 
 throngs on Eighth Avenue, Madison Avenue, or, in fact, on any well-paved 
 up-town street. Prospect Park, in Brooklyn, and Central Park, of New 
 York, are also great resorts for wheelmen. The addresses of the noted athletic 
 clubs are, of course, easily found, and at the main building of the Y. M. C. 
 A., on Twenty-third Street and Fourth Avenue, the stranger will be directed 
 to the branch of that institution nearest his address, be it in Harlem or at the 
 Bowery. 
 
 A well-known public gymnasium, under the superintendence of Dr. Sar- 
 gent, will be found at Fifty-ninth Street and Eighth Avenue. 
 
 Lovers of baseball may find games going on during the summer at the 
 Polo Grounds, and Eastern Park. 
 
 The Coney Island Rod and Gun Club has grounds that are let out to 
 other clubs. Dexter Park, Long Island, is also used for this purpose. 
 
 Horseback riders find good bridle paths in Central Park and on Riverside 
 Drive. 
 
 For those who care for fencing, a club may be found at 49 East Twenty- 
 eighth Street. 
 
 The Racquet Club is at 27 West Forty-third Street ; the Manhattan 
 (Chess) Club is at 31 West Twenty-seventh Street; and the New York Club at 
 52 Union Square. 
 
 Rowing clubs number the Dauntless, the Atalanta, the Harlem, and the 
 Nautilus (of Brooklyn) on their list. The Harlem River is lined with boat- 
 houses and swimming docks, and during the summer months thousands of 
 people keep in trim bj'^ getting the air after these fashions, stealing away 
 from their business for a part of the day. 
 
 These boat-houses are easily reached by taking the Sixth Avenue Ele- 
 vated Railroad, that takes one within a couple of blocks or so of the river. 
 
 In the fall the football games comes off, and the American Football Asso- 
 ciation, made up of teams from the Orange, Staten Island, and Crescent 
 Athletic Clubs, plaj^s a series for the championship. 
 
 A Thanksgiving Day game of football is played, and in this the Yale 
 and Princeton Football Associations are seen. 
 
 Tennis, football, baseball, cricket, etc., etc., may be played in Central 
 Park, but application must be made to the Superintendent before playing. 
 
SPORTS. - STORES. 1 61 
 
 The Manhattan Athletic Field is at Eighth Avenue and One Hundred 
 and Fiftj'^-fifth Street; the Sixth or Ninth Avenue Elevated roads take one 
 there, also the Eighth Avenue surface cars. 
 
 The Polo Grounds adjoin the Manhattan Field, so the same rules apply 
 for reaching that location. 
 
 Berkeley Oval, a ten-acre field, is near Morris Dock ; it is reached by the 
 Sixth Avenue Elevated and the New York and Northern from One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth Street. 
 
 STORES. 
 
 DRY GOODS. 
 
 The stores, or as we are correctly learning to put it, the shops of New 
 York, are a constant source of satisfaction and temptation to the traveler. 
 
 One of the most celebrated for having the finest goods, and absolutely 
 reliable stock is 
 
 Lord & Taylor's. — This shop is on Broadway, on the corner of 
 Twentieth Street. The prices may be a trifle higher than in several Sixth 
 Avenue places, but when one is certain that everything sold is of the best, 
 they should, if their purses allow, be quite content. 
 
 Arnold & Constable, another Broadway shop, deals in the same high 
 class of goods. This is a handsome building, and one well worth going 
 through. 
 
 Daniell's and Hilton, Hughes & Co., much further down on Broadway, 
 are both satisfactory for those in search of novelties. Some of the finest and 
 newest effects in dress trimmings may be found at the latter place; while 
 Daniell's occasionally holds out the charm of a reallj' good bargain. 
 
 McCreery's, on Broadway, is a reliable firm, whose fur department must 
 not be overlooked. Here reliable furs are sold at very reasonable prices, made 
 up in excellent styles. The silk department, just off the fur department, yields 
 a varied and good assortment. 
 
 Macy's, on Fourteenth Street, is the home of bargains. This is an enor- 
 mous establishment, and one always crowded. 
 
 Here one may buy anythmg that can be bought in a dry goods, tin, boot, 
 carpenter, oculist's, milliner, book or stationery shop. So it will be seen that 
 the variety is wonderful. Here manj^ stage belles buy their slippers, and 
 theatrical shoes are made to order; an easy and stylish boot is produced, that 
 the drawing-room as well as the theatre inmates seek for. 
 
 All sorts of dishes are in the basement as well as an assortment of 
 wicker goods. 
 
 In fact there is only one Macy's, and it must be seen. 
 
 Ridley's, down on Grand Street, is the largest shop in the city in its 
 special line. Dry goods of all sorts, including an attractive millinery depart- 
 ment, and also a complete line of toilet articles, are the temptations that beset 
 the women who shop this far down town. The carpet department must not 
 be forgotten. There is also a branch shop at 289 Grand Street, and this makes 
 a specialty of furniture. 
 
162 STORES.— STREET CARS. 
 
 Altman's is on Sixth Avenue, and here some of the finest ladies in town 
 do their sliopping; in fact mucii the same class of custom is drawn here that 
 one finds in Lord & Taylor's, Arnold & Constable's, etc. Ladies cannot do 
 better in buying ready-made gowns than to give Altman's a trial. 
 
 Simpson, Crawford & Simpson, on Sixth Avenue, not far from Altman's, 
 is a reasonable and altogether satisfactory shop. A shoe department, in con- 
 nection with this store, is said to be very fine. The millinerj^ department is 
 not too high-priced for the limited purse. 
 
 Ehrich's, also on Sixth Avenue, and convenient to the Twenty-third 
 Street crosstown cars, is most accessible to shoppers coming on these belt 
 lines from the ferries. Here a large, cheap and varied stock is at the service 
 of the buyer. Rare bargains are picked up here on certain advertised da^'s. 
 
 Koch's, and D. M. Williams & Co., on One Hundred and Twen..y-fifth 
 Street, give out weekly announcements that the bargain hunters would do 
 well to investigate. 
 
 Sterns', on Twenty-third Street, is too well-known for much mention. 
 Here imported garments, rare novelties in trimmings, and in fact, an enor- 
 mous stock, including leather goods, a millinery, a shoe and bric-a-brac depart- 
 ment. The silk counter is one where some very clever " matching " of 
 samples is done, for this firm has always a full stock of unique shades. To up- 
 town buyers, 
 
 Bloomingdale's has attractions. This place appeals to those having lim- 
 ited purse strings. It is situated on Third Avenue. 
 
 JEWELRY STORES. 
 
 Tiffany's, in Union Square, is the most prominent jewelry store in the 
 city, and deservedly so — for here one may buy every kind of ornamental jew- 
 elry of the newest fashion and be sure of getting a genuine article 
 
 Mrs. T. Lynch, also in Union Square, is another emporium of rare and 
 costh^ things, ancient and modern. 
 
 There are also Jacques and Marcus, Dreicer, Benedict, Pickslay, Lindo, A. 
 D. Wilson, and a host of others. 
 
 STREET CARS. 
 
 The street car service of New York and Brooklyn is very extensive and 
 well regulated, but 3'et it is not all-embracing, nor, indeed, sufficient for the 
 wants of the public. 
 
 The cars are comfortable, roomy, and easy of motion; the conductors 
 civil, mostly, and the horses well fed and competent to do their work; the 
 speed is fair, and the lines are well mapped out. But there are not 3^et enough, 
 and the law requiring every passenger to have a seat is openly ignored. 
 
 People hang on to the straps, so consideratelj'^ provided for their suspen- 
 sion, like old clothes in Baxter Street, and women are frequently' left to stand 
 while selfish men sit at their ease. This will bo remedied, it is promised, in the 
 near future, when more powerful means of traction will be in use, and horses 
 will be banished from our car lines in favor of cable or electric traction. 
 
 Besides the Rapid Transit, underground roads will relieve the congestion 
 of the Surface and Elevated systems. May that day of joy soon arrive ! 
 
STREET CARS. 163 
 
 HORSE CAR LINES. — NORTH AND SOUTH. 
 
 Belt Line, East Side. — From South Ferry through Whitehall Street to 
 South, to Broad, to Water, to Old Slip, to South Street, to Corlears, to 
 Grand, to Goerck, to Houston, to Avenue D, to East Fourteenth Street, to 
 Avenue A, to East Twenty-third Street, to First Avenue, to Fifty-ninth 
 Street, to Central Park, to Tenth Avenue, to West Fifty-third Street, passing 
 East River ferries below East Fifty-ninth Street. 
 
 Belt Line, West Side.— From South Ferry through Whitehall Street, to 
 Bowling Green, to Battery Place, to West Street, to Tenth Avenue, to Fifty- 
 third Street, passing near North River ferries, connects with East Side 
 Belt Line. 
 
 Bleecker Street and Fulton Ferry Line. — From Fulton Ferry, Fulton 
 Street to William, to Ann, to Broadway, to Bleecker, to Macdougal, to 
 Fourth, to West Twelfth, to Hudson, to West Fourteenth, to Ninth Avenue, 
 to West Twenty -third Street Ferry, Erie Railroad Depot, returning by West 
 Twenty-third Street to Ninth Avenue, to West Fourteenth Street, to Hudson, 
 to Bleecker, to Broadway, to Park Row, to Beekman, to South, to Fulton 
 Ferry; also branch line from the Brooklyn Bridge to Centre Street, to 
 Leonard, to Elm, to Canal, to Broadway, connecting with the main line. 
 
 City Hall, Avenue B and Thirty-fourth Street Line. — From Ann Street 
 to Park Row, to East Broadway, to Clinton Street, to Avenue B, to East 
 Fourteenth Street, to First Avenue, to East Thirty-fourth Street Ferry, Long 
 Island Railroad Depot. 
 
 Dry Dock and East Broadway Line. — From Ann Street to Park Row, to 
 East Broadway, to Grand Street, to Columbia, to Avenue D, to East Four- 
 teenth Street, to Avenue A, to East Twenty-third Street Ferry. 
 
 Eighth Avenue Line. — From Broadway, corner Vesey Street, through 
 Vesey to Church, to Chambers, to West Broadway, to Canal Street, to Hud- 
 son, to Eighth Avenue, to Fifty-ninth Street, Central Park ; branch line from 
 Broadway and Canal Street to Eighth Avenue and West One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fourth Street. 
 
 Fourth Avenue Line. — From the Post-Office, Broadway, through Park 
 Row, to Centre Street, to Grand, to Bowery, Fourth Avenue, to Forty-second 
 Street, Grand Central Depot. Passengers are transferred without extra 
 charge at Thirty-second Street to the Thirty-fourth Street Ferry Line. — T.ladi- 
 son Avenue Line from Forty-second Street to Vanderbilt Avenue, to Forty- 
 fourth Street, to Madison Avenue, to One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Street; 
 transfer tickets without charge at Eighty-sixth Street, for Astoria Ferry. 
 
 First and Second Avenue Line, — From Fulton Ferry via Fulton Street to 
 Water, to Peck Slip, to South, to Oliver, to Park Row, to Bowery, to Grand 
 Street, to Forsyth, to Houston, to Second Avenue, to Harlem River. — Worth 
 Street Branch, from Worth Street and Broadway bo Park Row, to Harlem 
 River. — Astor Place Branch, from Astor Place and Broadway to Second 
 Avenue, to East Fifty-ninth Street, to First Avenue, to Harlem River. 
 
 Ninth Avenue Line. — From Broadway, corner Fulton Street, via Fulton, 
 to Greenwich, to Ninth Avenue, to Boulevard, to Amsterdam Avenue, to 
 West One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Street. 
 
164 STREET CARS. 
 
 Seventh Avenue Line. — From Park Place and Broadway to Church 
 Street, to Canal, to Sullivan, to West Third, to Macdougal, to Eighth 
 Street, to Greenwich Avenue, to Seventh Avenue, to Fifty-first Street. 
 
 Sixth Avenue Line. — From Vesey Street and Broadway'- via Vesey Street, 
 to Church, to Chambers, to West Broadway, to Canal Street, to Varick, to 
 Carmine, to Sixth Avenue, to West Fifty-ninth Street, to Central Park. 
 
 EAST AND WEST. 
 
 Avenue C Line. — From Chambers Street Ferry via West Street, to 
 Charlton, to Prince, to Bowerj^, to Stanton Street, to Pitt, to Avenue C, to 
 East Eighteenth Street, to Avenue A, to East Twenty-third Street, West to 
 First Avenue, to East Thirty-fifth, to Lexington Avenue, to Forty-second 
 Street Grand Central Depot. 
 
 Central Crosstown Line. — From East Twenty-third Street Ferr}^ via 
 Twenty-third Street, to Avenue A, to East Eighteenth Street, to Broadway, 
 to Fourteenth Street, to Seventh Avenue, to West Eleventh Street, to West 
 Street, to Christopher Street Ferry. 
 
 Chambers Street Line. — Frcfm Chambers Street to North River via West 
 Street, to Duane, to New Chambers, to James Slip. 
 
 Christopher and Tenth Street Line. — From Christopher Street Ferry, 
 through Christopher, to Greenwich Avenue, to Eighth Street, to Avenue A, 
 to East Tenth Street, to the Ferry. 
 
 Desbrosses, Vestry and Grand Street Line. — From Grand Street, East 
 River, through Grand to Sullivan, to Vestry, to Greenwich, to Desbrosses, to 
 Desbrosses Street Ferry. 
 
 Forty-second Street and Grand Street Line. — From Weehawken Ferry, 
 foot of West Forty-second Street to Tenth Avenue, to West Thirtj^ fourth 
 Street to Broadway, to East Twenty-third Street, to Fourth Avenue, to East 
 Fourteenth Street, to Avenue A, to East Houston, to Cannon, to Grand, to 
 Ferry. 
 
 Forty-second Street and Boulevard Line. — From East Thirty-fourth 
 Street, via First Avenue, to East Forty-second Street, to West Forty-second 
 Street, to Seventh Avenue, to Broadway, to West Fifty-ninth Street, to the 
 Boulevard, to Manhattan Street, to One Hundred and Thirtieth Street Ferr3^ 
 
 Fourteenth Street and Union Square Line. — From Fourth Avenue, via 
 East and West Fourteenth Streets, to Ninth Avenue, to W^ashington Street, 
 to Christopher Street Ferry. 
 
 Fulton Street Line. — From Fulton Ferry through Fulton Street to West 
 Street, Liberty, Cortlandt, and Barclay Street Ferries. 
 
 Grand and Cortlandt Street Line. — From Grand Street Ferry, East 
 River, via Grand Street, to East Broadway, to Canal Street, to Walker, to 
 West Broadway, to North Moore Street, to Washington, to Cortlandt Street 
 Ferry 
 
 Metropolitan Crosstown Line. — From Grand Street Ferrj', East River, 
 to Delancey, to Bower^^, to Spring, to South Fifth Avenue, to Fourth Street, 
 to Macdougal, to Eighth, to Greenwich Avenue, to Seventh Avenue, to West 
 Twenty-third Street, to Pa vonia Ferry, Erie Railroad Depot. 
 
STEEET CAES.— TELEGRAPH AND CABLE EATES. 165 
 
 St. Nicholas Avenue and One Hundred and Tenth Street Line. — From 
 First Avenue, through One Hundred and Tenth Street, to St. Nicholas Ave- 
 nue, to Manhattan Street, to Ferry foot of One Hundred and Thirtieth Street. 
 
 Twent3'-third Street Line. — From foot of East Twentj^-third Street, to 
 Pavonia Ferry, foot of West Twenty-third Street, also from West Twenty- third 
 Street to Second Avenue, to Twenty-eighth Street, to First Avenue, to East 
 Thirty-fourth Street Ferry. 
 
 CABLE LINES. 
 
 Broadway. — From South Ferry, to Whitehall Street, to Broadway, to 
 Seventh Avenue, to Fifty-ninth Street, Central Park. 
 
 Third Avenue. — From Broadway, at the Post-office, via Park Row, to the 
 Bower}', to Third Avenue, to Harlem Bridge, at One Hundred and Thirtieth 
 Street. 
 
 One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street and Amsterdam Avenue. — From foot 
 of East One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street, through East and West One 
 Hundred and Twenty-fifth Streets to Manhattan and Amsterdam Avenues, 
 to West One Hundred and Eighty-sixth Street; also from foot of East One 
 Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street, to Ferry foot of West One Hundred and 
 Thirtieth Street. 
 
 ELECTRIC LINES. 
 
 Harlem, Morrisania, Tremont and Fordham. — From East One Hundred 
 and Thirtieth Street and Third Avenue. 
 
 Harlem and West Farms. — From East One Hundred and Thirtieth Street 
 and Third Avenue. 
 
 OMNIBUS LINES. 
 
 Fifth Avenue. — From Bleecker Street, via South Fifth Avenue, Wash- 
 ington Square and Fifth Avenue, to East Eightj^-eighth Street. Fare, five 
 cents. 
 
 Central Park. — From corner of Fifth Avenue and East Seventy-second 
 Street, through the Park, to West Seventy-second Street, to the Boulevard. 
 Fare, ten cents. 
 
 It is important to observe that cars will stop onl}' at the farthest crossing 
 on their progress up or down town, and that any passenger who boards a 
 car while it is in motion, does so at his own risk. 
 
 TELEGRAPH AND CABLE RATES. 
 
 For messages within a short distance of New York City a charge of twenty 
 cents for ten words is made ; after the ten w^ords one cent is charged for each 
 additional word. These rates include messages sent to Philadelphia, some 
 near towns in New Jersey, and Brooklyn. 
 
 Messages to all further parts of America are, of course, charged more 
 highly for. 
 
166 TELEGRAPH AND CABLE RATES.— TURKISH AND RUSSIAN BATHS. 
 
 Night messages are taxed but half price, but the message must be sent 
 to some distance to warrant the reduction of price. No night message is 
 charged less than 25 cents. 
 
 Telegraph offices are found in every railroad station, and also within 
 walking distance from any part of the city. 
 
 The principal cable offices are : 
 
 American Telegraph and Cable Company, 195 Broadway ; The Direct 
 U. S. Cable Company, 40 Broadway ; the Central and South American Cable 
 Company, 39 Wall Street ; the Pedro Segundo American Telegraph and Cable 
 Company, 44 Broadway ; Compagnie Frangaise Telegraph du Paris a New 
 York, 34 Broad Street ; Anglo-American Telegraph Companj^, 8 Broad Street; 
 Comimercial Cable Company, 8 and 10 Broad Street. 
 
 The cable message containing ten words is charged a certain figure ; each 
 additional word is charged for separately. 
 
 Cable messages are delivered free within the city limits. 
 
 Cable rates per word to some of the large foreign cities and countries are : 
 Denmark, 35 cents; France, 25 cents; Gibraltar, 43 cents; Japan, $2.21; 
 Russia, 43 cents ; China, $1.96 ; Great Britain and Ireland, 25 cents ; Greece, 
 43 cents ; Norway, 35 cents ; Portugal, 39 cents ; Persia, 84 cents ; Germany, 
 25 cents; Spain, 40 cents; Switzerland, 30 cents; Brazil, $1.55; Peru, $2.25, 
 etc., etc., 
 
 TURKISH AND RUSSIAN BATHS. 
 
 Turkish and Russian baths may be had at the Hoffman House. The 
 large "plunge" or tank, is sunk in the floor of the Russian bath room, 
 which is composed almost entirely of marble. 
 
 To one who has never taken a Russian bath and desires to make the ex- 
 periment, a description of the process may not be amiss. The guest is shown 
 into a dormitor}^, and one of the many little rooms is placed at his service. 
 The room contains a chair, a divan, and hooks for clothing. After divesting 
 one's self of all garments, and putting on a sheet, one is directed to go out 
 into the big marble room ; here many bathers sit, but the heavy steam make 
 them almost unseen by each other. After sitting a certain length of time, 
 one half-hour being sufficient for the average person, the bather is put on a 
 marble slab to undergo a complete scrubbing and massage at the hands of one 
 of the attendants. After this one lies on the divan in the little room from 
 which the^^ came, and after a short siesta an attendant will rub the bather 
 down with alcohol or cologne, as a preventative of taking cold. For this last 
 service a tip to the attendant is expected. 
 
 The Turkish baths differ from the Russian in that dry heat is employed 
 instead of steam. There are several rooms, each one hotter than the preced- 
 ing one, that the bather must pass through before lying on the slab to be 
 shampooed by the attendant. 
 
 A dip in the " plunge " is in order after either of these baths, and it is an 
 excellent preventative against taking cold. 
 
 On Seventy-second Street, in the Hotel Premier, one may also find most 
 satisfactory Turkish and Russian baths ; these are quieter and more exclu- 
 
TURKISH AND RUSSIAN BATHS.— TELEPHONE SERVICE. 167 
 
 sive bath rooms. They may be reached by the Third Avenue Elevated or 
 the Madison Avenue surface car. Everard's Turkish and Russian baths, No. 
 28 West Twenty- eighth Street, near Broadway, are magnificently appointed 
 and most luxurious in the various appliances provided for the cleansing- of the 
 skin and the searching out of weak places to be strengthened b}^ the healing 
 waters. 
 
 A reall}" commodious bath of this kind is in the basement of the Produce 
 Exchange Building, on Lower Broadw^ay. The plunge here is very roomy, 
 and is supplied with a continuous change of water from the bay at every 
 flood tide, thus avoiding the contamination of the citj^'s drainage. 
 
 TELEPHONE SERVICE. 
 
 The Cit}^ of New York possesses the most perfect system of telephones in 
 the world, although a stranger would hear or see but little to impress him 
 with that fact, owning to the quiet, business-like, unostentatious manner in 
 which the immense system is conducted. 
 
 The business is under the control of the Metropohtan Telephone and 
 Telegraph Company, the headquarters of which is at 18 Cortlandt Street, 
 with branches at Eighteenth Street, Seventy-ninth Street, Columbus Avenue 
 and Harlem. There is also an important station in Broad Street. 
 
 From these places conversations can be held with, not only this city, but 
 with Chicago and all intermediate points to the Westward ; Baltimore and 
 Washington to the Southward, and Boston and Portland to the Eastward. 
 
 The public paj^ stations, at the sign of the Blue Bell, are as follows : 
 Broadway, 40T. Ninth Avenue, 226. 
 
 Broadway, 599. Ninth Avenue, 1509. 
 
 Broadway, 1512. Second Avenue, 1102. 
 
 Canal Street, 304. Seventh Avenue and One Hundred 
 
 Centre Street, 2. and Eighteenth Street. 
 
 Columbus Avenue and Ninety -sixth Seventh Avenue, 2300. 
 
 Street. Sixth Avenue and Forty-second 
 
 Cortlandt Street, 18. Street. 
 
 Eighth Avenue, 2536. Sixth Avenue, 812. 
 
 Fifth Avenue, 397. Tenth Avenue and One Hundred and 
 
 Fifth Avenue, 539. Fifty-fifth Street. 
 
 Fourteenth Street, East, 5. Third Avenue, 513. 
 
 Fulton Street, 32. Third Avenue, 1444. 
 
 Hudson Street, 362. Wall Street, 10. 
 
 Madison Avenue, 763. West One Hundred and Twenty- fifth 
 
 Madison Avenue, 987. Street, 264. 
 
108 
 
 WATERWAY TRANSPORTATION.— YACHTING. -POPULATION. 
 
 WATERWAY TRANSPORTATION. 
 
 New York is a point from which waterways lead all over the world, and 
 the floating' palaces that bear the traveling- public are unrivaled. 
 
 The Cunard, White Star, Guion, Inman, National, North German, 
 Lloyd's and Corapagnie Generale Transatlantique, are the principal lines 
 sailing to Europe, and these are supplemented by fleets of other ships of all 
 tonnage and power, together with a coast service unequaled in the world. 
 
 For the location of docks, see Section 1, Map of New York. 
 
 YACHTING. 
 
 Of late years the notable sport of yachting has developed wonderfully in 
 New York and its dependent towns, and the vessels employed are probably 
 the swiftest to be found anywhere. The leading club answering to the Royal 
 Yacht Squadron of England is the New York Club, which holds the celebrated 
 "America" Cup, won in British waters in the yeabV 1851, by the schooner 
 "America," and, as yet, remaining in its possession in spite of many spirited 
 attempts to recapture it on the part of the most eminent English yachts. 
 
 The stations of the various clubs are as follows: 
 
 American — Milton Point, Rye. 
 
 Atlantic Bay Ridge. 
 
 Columbia W. Eighty-sixth Street, North River. 
 
 Corinthian Tompkinsville, Staten Island. 
 
 Harlem One Hundred and Twentj^-first Street, Harlem River. 
 
 Hudson River West Ninety-second Street, North River. 
 
 Manhattan East Eighty-ninth Street, East River. 
 
 { Bay Ridge, White Stone, New London, Shelter Island, Newport, 
 New York.. -| and Vineyard Haven; Club House, 67 Madison Avenue, New 
 
 (York. 
 Seawanhaka Corinthian Oyster Bay, Long Island. 
 
 POPULATION OF LARGE CITIES. 
 
 London 4,331,431 
 
 Paris 2,344,550 
 
 New York 1,710,715 
 
 Canton. . , 1,600,000 
 
 Berlin 1,579,244 
 
 Toiiio, Japan 1,309,684 
 
 Vienna 1,364,548 
 
 Chicago 1,098,576 
 
 Philadelphia 1,044,894 
 
 St. Petersburg 956,226 
 
 Constantinople 873,565 
 
 Brooklyn 853,945 
 
 Calcutta 840,130 
 
 Bombay 804,470 
 
 Moscow 753,469 
 
 Glasgow 565,714 
 
 Buenos Ayres 546,986 
 
 Naples 530,872 
 
 Liverpool 517,951 
 
 Buda-Pesth 506,384 
 
 Manchester 505.343 
 
 Peking, China 500,000 
 
 Melbourne 488,999 
 
 Osaka, Japan 476,271 
 
 Madrid 472,228 
 
 Brussels 469,317 
 
 St. Louis 460,357 
 
 Madras 449,9-0 
 
 Boston 446,507 
 
 Warsaw 443,426 
 
 Baltimore 435,151 
 
 Birmingham 429,171 
 
 Rome 423,217 
 
 Amsterdam 417,539 
 
 Milan 414,551 
 
 Lyons 401,930 
 
 Sydney 386,400 
 
 Marseilles 376,143 
 
 Cairo 368,108 
 
 Leeds 367,506 
 
 Rio de Janeiro 357,332 
 
 Shanghai 355,000 
 
 Leipzig 353,372 
 
 Munich 348,317 
 
 Breslau 335,174 
 
 Mexico 329,535 
 
 Sheffield 324,2(3 
 
 Hamburg 323,f 28 
 
 Turin 320,808 
 
 Copenhagen 312,387 
 
 Prague 304,000 
 
 San Francisco 297,990 
 
 Cincinnati 296,309 
 
 Cologne 281,273 
 
 Kioto, Japan 279,792 
 
 Dresden 276.085 
 
 Lucknow 272,590 
 
 Barcelona 272,481 
 
 Odessa 270, 
 
 Palermo 267, 
 
 Cleveland 261, 
 
 Edmburgh 261, 
 
 Belfast 855, 
 
 Dublin 254, 
 
 Buffalo ... 254, 
 
 Seoul, Corea 250, 
 
 Stockholm 246, 
 
 Lisbon 24a, 
 
 New Orleans 241, 
 
 Bordeaux . 240, 
 
 Pittsburg 238, 
 
 Santiago, Chili 236, 
 
 Washington 229, 
 
 Alexandria 227, 
 
 Benares 223, 
 
 Bucharest 221. 
 
 Bristol, Eng 221. 
 
 Hong Kong 221, 
 
 Montreal 216, 
 
 Bradford, Eng 216, 
 
 Antwerp 215, 
 
 Nottingham, Eng 211, 
 
 Teheran, Persia 210, 
 
 Rotterdam 209. 
 
 Genoa «i06. 
 
 Detroit 205, 
 
 Milwaukee 204, 
 
 643 
 416 
 546 
 ,261 
 896 
 ,709 
 ,457 
 ,000 
 ,154 
 ,297 
 ,995 
 ,582 
 ,473 
 ,412 
 ,796 
 ,064 
 ,420 
 ,805 
 ,665 
 .141 
 .650 
 ,361 
 ,779 
 ,984 
 ,000 
 ,136 
 ,485 
 .669 
 ,105 
 
LOOKING FORWARD. 169 
 
 LOOKING FORWARD. 
 
 Having-, to the best of our abilit}^, described the present and glanced at the 
 past of our fair city, it is meet that we turn our inward sight towards the future 
 and its promise of a greatness such as our worthy forefathers never dreamt 
 of, but which we, with our lately acquired power of clairvoyance, can "see as 
 in a glass, darkl^^" It is an old saying, and one worthy of observance, that 
 "Coming events cast their shadows before," and, even as modern photo- 
 graphic art catches the spectrum of a star heretofore invisible even in the 
 most powerful telescopes, our camera shall catch the prophetic shadows that 
 prefigure the things to be, and fix them on our pages. 
 
 We behold, "in our mind's eye," a wide-spread city of palaces stretching 
 far beyond the circumscribed boundary of the island of Manna-ha-ta, absorb- 
 ing the great town of Brooklyn, and the smaller Long Island City, Astoria, 
 New Rochelle, Pelham, Yonkers, Mount Vernon, and their connecting vil- 
 lages, and overflowing into our neighboring State, New Jersej^, which will be 
 "though in us, j^et not of us." We see these places joined by streets and 
 avenues of width and splendor unequaled in the world, free to copy the 
 good and eschew the evil of older cities. Not crushed into insignificance 
 by fortifications or vested interests, nor constrained by lack of back country 
 for the supplying of its wants, but cherished and ministered to by fertile 
 plains round about and by unlimited convenience of importation both by 
 land and sea. 
 
 We see the Sound and the great river bridged and tunneled, till, instead 
 of obstacles to extension, they become helps and adornments — things of beauty 
 to the eye and means of health to the body. 
 
 We behold their sparkling waters unpolluted by the drainage of the great 
 city, which will be got rid of in the good old Biblical fashion, by fire, and left 
 to glitter in the beams of the sun by day and of the moon by night, even as 
 they did before the first white man's foot had touched these shores, and the 
 mighty Mohegan rolled in silver to the sea. 
 
 A vision rises before us of swift trains of contented passengers speeding 
 along underground ways, without danger or inconvenience, free from noxious 
 smells, or indiscriminate crowding, and quietly seated instead of hanging by 
 straps round their thumbs like a militia private. 
 
 And we get a glance — as yet dim and doubtful, but still full of hope — of 
 an orderly system of cabs and coaches, clean and swift, with civil drivers and 
 pneumatic tires, at fares that are not highway robbery, but decent remuner- 
 ation for work done. 
 
 And there stretches out to my astonished sight a panorama of clean, 
 smooth, well-kept, noiseless streets, paved with asphaltum, laid over arched 
 culverts which hold the electric wires, gas, steam, water pipes and hot air 
 tubes, that supply light, heat, and water to the city. 
 
170 LOOKING FORWARD. 
 
 Upon this pavement glide cars moved by unseen, and, better still, unsmelt 
 means, with polite conductors and civil brakemen, so that it is a pleasure to 
 travel in them, and in which none are permitted to enter when once the seats 
 are filled, and those who cannot exist without poisoning" others by the odor of 
 cheap cigars are forced to go on top, instead of spreading pestilence around 
 from the front platforms. 
 
 In the dim perspective, a sage assembly of sedate men appears, seated in 
 a lofty chamber and presided over by a dignified personage of benevolent 
 aspect, who guides but does not dictate the votes of his colleagues. This 
 assembly is the future mayor and corporation of the great metropolis; its 
 members are selected by the majority vote of the property holders and men 
 of busmess who have a stake in the prosperity of the to%vn. From this 
 chamber issue all the decrees and orders that concern the good of the city, 
 and no interference with its decisions is tolerated, whether emanating from 
 the State or the Federal Legislatures. The city is emphatically^ a "free 
 town." 
 
 The police of the future is modeled on the same basis as that of all other 
 great cities, but its efficiency is vastly increased by being entirely dissociated 
 from politics. No man has a * ' pull " over his colleagues, but all work together 
 for the public good, and the members are chosen by the mayor and corpor- 
 ation from a respectable class of society, after a common sense examination 
 as to the laws and customs of the city they are appointed to protect but not 
 to oppress. At short intervals the streets are patroled by these men, 
 uniformed and armed for defense, not offense. Their officers are men of stand- 
 ing in the community, and men and officers all are appointed for life, entering 
 the force at not less than twenty-five years of age, and being retired on liberal 
 pensions at the age of sixty. Their pay is sufficient to keep them above tempt- 
 ation to malfeasance in office, and their pensions make it worth their while to 
 be honest and faithful to their duty. 
 
 • The fire department is much as before, save that it is infinitely raised in 
 rank and public opinion, taking, in fact, precedence of the police and National 
 Guard, as a municipal force, on the ground that, being always in the face of 
 the enemy, so to speak, it is eminently entitled to all the privileges and honors 
 of an army in active service. 
 
 But the basis of all these improvements, in the future, lies in the changes 
 of the School Department. 
 
 The branches of study are confined to such as are truly useful to the 
 budding citizen, and all the fancy embroidery, which takes up so much time 
 and gives so little real profit, is left to the student's own exertions in what- 
 ever particular line of study suits his bent. 
 
 No student is forced to learn anything but the elements of a liberal 
 education, namely: reading, writing and arithmetic; for the authorities, 
 appointed by the people, are of opinion that it would be quite as jusb to tax 
 people in order to furnish lace and ribbons to deck other people's children, as 
 to provide ornamental additions to their mental equipment. 
 
 The schools of the future are for the purpose of bringing up good citizens, 
 not brilliant show folk. 
 
LOOKING FORWAED. I'^l 
 
 One of the most remarkable improvements in the new city of Manhattan 
 as compared with the ancient New York will be the magnificent granite quays 
 that line the North and East Rivers instead of the tumble-down wooden 
 wharves that used to make traps for the feet of the unwary, and convenient 
 haunts for vagrants and thieves. 
 
 The quays of the future metropolis will be wide, well lighted, built of solid 
 blocks of granite, and smooth with asphalt and marble. 
 
 Thousands of gigantic vessels are moored alongside, bearing the flags of 
 all nations, but flaunting conspicuously the Stars and Stripes, which stream 
 from the mastheads of at least two-thirds of their number, for the abolition 
 of all restrictions on commerce and of the old-fashioned navigation laws has 
 restored the marine of the United States to its proper condition of prosperity. 
 
 The theatres— and of them there are many— no longer reek with immodesty 
 nor disgust by vulgarity. Following in the course laid down by Wallack, 
 Palmer and Frohman, they present the drama pure and simple. Cosmopolitan, 
 'tis true, for no one country can furnish means for a drama pecuhar to 
 itself, at 'least to any extent. The stage of the future " holds the mirror up to 
 nature," and shows mankind as he is, or as he ought to be, without distinction 
 of place, race or manners. 
 
 Satire is not excluded, but malice is. Comedy includes satire, but tragedy 
 needs not have recourse to malice. There are funny things enough to laugh 
 at, and sad things to weep over without wounding the feelings or shocking 
 the sensibilities of our fellow-men, and of such is the drama of the future in 
 our great metropolis. 
 
 Opera has advanced to that mingling of old and new styles which shows 
 true art as distinguished from fad. People admire Wagner, but no longer 
 worship him. They have learned to choose the good and to avoid the evil, 
 and all schools are welcomed so they be but good of their kind. 
 
 So is it with matters musical and pictorial. Long hair and affected 
 inspiration do not pass for genius, and people have advanced to that state of 
 culture in which they can discern good things from bad, even in pianists and 
 
 painters. 
 
 The town is full of libraries, museums, and art centres, all of which are open 
 continually, and all of them spreading light and sweetness over society, which 
 is no longer a game of speculation in fair women and wealthy men, but a 
 rational re-union of kindred souls bent on mutual aid and improvement. 
 
 The rich endow all these things— theatres, that the managers may not 
 be forced into fatal concessions to the vulgar taste; art galleries and museums, 
 that sensational tricks need not be resorted to for the drawing of dollars, and 
 libraries, that the poor may have food for their minds even as the public 
 charitable institutions supply food for the body 
 
 And even as I bethought me of these things to come, the corner-stone of 
 the great Cathedral is laid, and the nucleus of the quarter in which an, society 
 and polite letters shall reign begins to arise. 
 
172 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 iisr D E X 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Academy of Design 58 
 
 Academy of Design — Brooklyn 102 
 
 Academy, Lee Avenue — Brooklpi 106 
 
 Academy of Music 131 
 
 Academy of Music — Brooklyn 101 
 
 Academy of Science 159 
 
 Academy of the Sacred Heart 116 
 
 Adams' Express Co 136 
 
 Aldermanic Chamber 40 
 
 American Art Association 138 
 
 American District Telegraph Co 149 
 
 American Museum of Natural History. . 88 
 
 American Water Color Society 137 
 
 American Yacht Club 168 
 
 Amphion Theatre— Brooklyn 105 
 
 Amusements 125 
 
 Apprentices' Library 148 
 
 Aquatics 160 
 
 Aqueduct— Croton 93 
 
 Arion Society 73 
 
 Arsenal (old) '^^ 
 
 Artists, American Society of 137 
 
 Art Exhibitions 137 
 
 Asbury Park 114 
 
 Assay Office 28 
 
 Astor House 35 
 
 Astor Library 50 
 
 Astoria 60 
 
 Athletic Clubs 160 
 
 Babylon 112 
 
 Baggage Inspection 129 
 
 Banks 129 
 
 Bartholdi Statue 13 
 
 Barge Office 1''' 
 
 Base Ball 160 
 
 Baths 166 
 
 Battery Park 16 
 
 Bedford Avenue Theatre— Brooklyn. . . 105 
 
 Ben Franklin, Statue of 31 
 
 Bethesda Fountain, The 81 
 
 Beecher, Henry Ward 98 
 
 Bible House 51 
 
 Bicycling 160 
 
 Blackwell's Island 131 
 
 Block House 89 
 
 Board of Education 50 
 
 Board of Health 142 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Bowery 49 
 
 Bowling Green 19 
 
 Brighton Beach 110 
 
 Broadway 31 
 
 Brooklyn Club 105 
 
 Brooklyn Library 106 
 
 Brooklyn Tabernacle, The 103 
 
 Cab and Coach Fares 143 
 
 Cable Rates 166 
 
 Carnegie Music Hall 73 
 
 Carousal, The 81 
 
 Castle Garden 17 
 
 Cathedral of St. John the Divine 90 
 
 Cathedral, St. Patrick's 69 
 
 Cemetery, Greenwood 107 
 
 Central Park 77 
 
 Cesnola Collection 86 
 
 Chamber of Commerce 33 
 
 Charities and Corrections 130 
 
 Chatham Square 48 
 
 Chinatown 47 
 
 Chop Houses 154 
 
 Churches— N. Y 131 
 
 Church of the Pilgi'ims — Brooklyn 103 
 
 City Hall— N. Y 38 
 
 City HaU— Brooklyn 96 
 
 City Hospital— Brooklyn 101 
 
 Clinton Avenue — Brooklyn 103 
 
 Clubs 145 
 
 Columbia College 68 
 
 Concerts 138 
 
 Coney Island 110 
 
 Consolidated Stock and Petroleum Ex- 
 change 33 
 
 Convent Sacred Heart 116 
 
 Cooper Institute 148 
 
 Cotton Exchange 30 
 
 Court House, Covmty 40 
 
 Court House — Brooklyn 98 
 
 Criterion Theatre—Brooklyn 105 
 
 Cricket 160 
 
 Croton Aqueduct 93 
 
 Custom House 30 
 
 Daly, Angustin 136 
 
 Divine Service 131 
 
 Division Street 49 
 
 Delmonico's 60 
 
INDEX. 
 
 173 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Driving 160 
 
 East River Bridge 42 
 
 East River Bridge Terminus— Brooklyn. 96 
 
 Eighth Regiment Armory 74 
 
 Elevated Railroads 18. 42, 136 
 
 Elberon 114 
 
 Ellis Island 14 
 
 Emmett, Thomas Addis— Obelisk to 35 
 
 Empire Theatre 122 
 
 Equitable Building 31 
 
 Esplanade, The , 81 
 
 Essex Street 50 
 
 Express Service 136 
 
 Farragut, Statue of 58 
 
 Fifth Avenue 57 
 
 Fine Arts 137 
 
 Fire Department 138 
 
 Fire Island 10 
 
 Fisk, Jr., Jas 126 
 
 Five Points Mission 45 
 
 Football 160 
 
 Foreign Consuls 139 
 
 Fort Hamilton 12 
 
 Fort Lafayette 12 
 
 Fort Lee 115 
 
 Fort "Wadsworth 12 
 
 Fom'teenth Street 56 
 
 Franklin, Ben., Statue of 31 
 
 Fraunces Tavern 18 
 
 Fulton Market 149 
 
 Fulton Street— Brooklyn 98 
 
 Garden Theatre 60 
 
 Gould, Jay 67 
 
 Governor's Island 14 
 
 Governor's Room — City Hall 40 
 
 Grace Church 54 
 
 Gramercy Park 56 
 
 Grand Central Depot 66 
 
 Grand Street 50 
 
 Grand Opera House — Brooklyn 105 
 
 Grant's Tomb 90 
 
 Greeley, Horace 41, 108 
 
 Greenvs^ood Cemetery 107 
 
 Hack and Cab Regulations 142 
 
 Hamilton Club — Brooklyn 105 
 
 Harbor, The 9 
 
 Harbor Police 17 
 
 Harlem River 92 
 
 Health Department 142 
 
 Herald Building, The 62 
 
 High Bridge 93 
 
 Historical Society 52 
 
 Historical Society — Brooklyn 102 
 
 Hoffman House 60 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Hospital, The New York 58 
 
 Hotels 139 
 
 Holy Trinity Church— Brooklyn 100 
 
 Hudson River 115 
 
 Immigrant Station 14 
 
 Irvington 116 
 
 Jamaica Bay 112 
 
 Jefferson Club — Brooklyn 105 
 
 John St. Methodist Church 34 
 
 Judge Building, The 58 
 
 Kings County Court House 98 
 
 Lafayette, Statue of 53, 56 
 
 Lakes— Central Park 83 
 
 Lawrence, Captain, Monument to 23 
 
 Law Courts 144 
 
 Lenox Library 74 
 
 Liberty, Statue of 13 
 
 Libraries 147 
 
 Lincoln Club — Brooklyn 105 
 
 Lincoln, Statue of 56, 106 
 
 Lohengrin Boats 80 
 
 Long Beach 112 
 
 Long Branch 114 
 
 Long Island Historical Society 108 
 
 Looking Backward 120 
 
 Looking Forward 169 
 
 Lookout Carriage Concourse — Brooklyn 106 
 
 Ludlow Street Jail 50 
 
 Madison Square Garden 60 
 
 Madison Square 58 
 
 Mail and Express Building 34 
 
 Mall, The 81 
 
 Manhattan Beach 110 
 
 Manhattan Club 62 
 
 Manhattan Athletic Club 67 
 
 Masonic Temple 158 
 
 Memorial Arch — Brooklyn 106 
 
 Menagerie, The 78 
 
 Messenger Service 149 
 
 Methodist General Hospital —Brooklyn . 104 
 
 Metropolitan Museum of Art 86 
 
 Metropolitan Opera House 65 
 
 Money Orders '. . . . 152 
 
 Montgomery, Major Gen. , Tomb of 35 
 
 Monmouth Beach 1 13 
 
 Morgue, The 131 
 
 Morningside Park 89 
 
 Morris Park Race Course 153 
 
 Mount St. Vincent 116 
 
 Mulberry Bend 47 
 
 Municipal Building — Brooklyn 98 
 
 Museum of Natural History 88 
 
 Narrows, The 12 
 
 National Guard 150 
 
174 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Navesink Highland 10 
 
 Naval Hospital — Brooklyn 104 
 
 Navy Yard, Brooklyn 103 
 
 Naval Lyceum — Brooklyn 104 
 
 Newburg 118 
 
 New York Harbor 9 
 
 News boy a' Lodging House 44 
 
 Newspapers 150 
 
 New York Yacht Club 168 
 
 New York Hospital 58 
 
 New York Stock Exchange 28 
 
 Norton's Point 10 
 
 Obelisk, The 83 
 
 Observatory or Belvidere 88 
 
 Ocean Grove 115 
 
 Ocean Parkway 107 
 
 Oldest House in New York 34 
 
 Packer Institute — Brooklyn 106 
 
 Park Row 40 
 
 Palisades, The 116 
 
 Petroleum Exchange 23 
 
 Players' Club 145 
 
 Plymouth Church 96 
 
 Police Department 151 
 
 Polytechnic Institute — Brooklyn 106 
 
 Population of Large Cities 168 
 
 Postal Information 152 
 
 Post-office 38 
 
 Pratt Institute 106 
 
 Presbyterian Churches 134 
 
 Produce Exchange 20 
 
 Prospect Park 106 
 
 Pulitzer Building 40, 41 
 
 Quarantine 12 
 
 Railroads 1 55 
 
 Ramble, The 88 
 
 Raymond Street Jail — Brooklyn 101 
 
 Real Estate Exchange 32 
 
 Redoubt, The Old 89 
 
 Registered Letters 152 
 
 Register's Office, The 42 
 
 Reservoir, Croton 88 
 
 Restaurants 154 
 
 Rialto, The 122 
 
 Riding 160 
 
 Riverside Park 89 
 
 Rockaway Beach 112 
 
 Roman Catholic Churches 134 
 
 Rowing 160 
 
 Russian Baths 166 
 
 Sandy Hook 10 
 
 Savings Banks 129 
 
 Seabright 113 
 
 Seventh Regiment Armory 74 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Shakespeare, Statue of 81 
 
 Sheepshead Bay Race Track 158 
 
 Sheriff's Office 40 
 
 Signal Service 83 
 
 Sing Sing 117 
 
 Sleepy Hollow 116 
 
 Snug Harbor 12 
 
 Societies 158 
 
 Sports 160 
 
 Staten Island 12 
 
 Statue of Liberty 18 
 
 Staats Zeitung, The 40 
 
 Steamboats 168 
 
 Steamships 168 
 
 Stewart, A. T 63 
 
 Stewart Building 121 
 
 Stock Exchange 26 
 
 Stony Point 118 
 
 Street Cars 162 
 
 Studio Building, The 58 
 
 St. Augustine's Chapel 50 
 
 St. Agnes' Chapel 133 
 
 St. Agnes' Church 133 
 
 St. Bartholomew's Church 134 
 
 St. Francis Xavier Church (R. C.)- • -58, 133 
 
 St. John's M. E. Church 135 
 
 St. John the Divine, Cathedral of 90 
 
 St. Mark's Church 133 
 
 St. Patrick's Cathedral 69, 132 
 
 St. Paul's Chapel 85 
 
 St. Thomas' P. E. Church 184 
 
 Sub Treasury 26 
 
 Symphony Society 128 
 
 Talmage's Tabernacle 1 02 
 
 Tammany 128 
 
 Tappan Zee 116 
 
 Tarrytown 117 
 
 Telegraph Rates 165 
 
 Telephone Service 167 
 
 Temple Beth-El 75 
 
 Temple Emanu-El 67 
 
 Tennis 160 
 
 Terrace, The 81 
 
 Theatres 135 
 
 Tivies Building 39, 40 
 
 Tombs, The 46 
 
 Tribune Building 40, 41 
 
 Trinity Church 23 
 
 Troop A 150 
 
 Trust Companies 130 
 
 Turkish Baths 166 
 
 Union Club 145 
 
 Union League Club— Brooklyn 105 
 
 Union League Club 145, 65 
 
INDEX. 
 
 175 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Union Square 55 
 
 University of the City of New York 58 
 
 Upper Bay, The 1^ 
 
 Vanderbilt Houses, The '^0 
 
 "Wall Street 35 
 
 Ward's Island 131 
 
 Washington Arch 57 
 
 Washington Bridge 92 
 
 Washington Market 148 
 
 Washington Park— Brooklyn 10 L 
 
 Washington Statue —Union Square 55 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Water Color Society 137 
 
 Waterway Transportation 168 
 
 West Brighton HO 
 
 Western Union Telegraph Co 34 
 
 West Point 118 
 
 World Building 40 
 
 Worth Monument 58 
 
 Yachting 168 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association. . 159, 60 
 Young Women's Christian Association. 159 
 
 New York is the real capital of the United States. No matter 
 in what direction a railroad may be constructed or a telegraph 
 wire strung-, its ultimate terminus is New York. Every enterprise 
 which is to be promoted, every scheme for the development of 
 mines, of water powers, or of any other industry, seeks this city 
 for money. Every business which has ramifications beyond the 
 place where it is located has a representative and principal ofiBce 
 in New York. Men who rise above the surface and outgrow the 
 opportunities of their neighborhoods, all come here. The intel- 
 lectual forces of the Republic are likewise drawn by irresistible 
 laws within our borders. The National committees of the two 
 great parties have their headquarters within our city, and conduct 
 their campaigns with the limitless opportunities which can be 
 found here and nowhere else. The capitol of the Nation can never 
 be moved from Washington, but everything which reaches out 
 from this real capital into every part of the country, is a power 
 for good government and the perpetuity of the Union. — Chaun- 
 CEY Depew. 
 
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